DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY, MEN OF THE TIME; CONTAINING NEARLY TEN THOUSAND NOTICES OF PERSONS OF BOTH SEXES, OF NATIVE AND FOREIGN BIRTH, WHO HAVE BEEN REMARKABLE, OR PROMINENTLY CONNECTED WITH THE * Arts, Sciences, Literature, Politics, or History, OF THE AMERICAN CONTINENT. GIVING ALSO THE PRONUNCIATION OF MANY OF THE FOREIGN AND PECULIAR AMERICAN NAMES, A KEY TO THE ASSUMED NAMES OF WRITERS, AND A SUPPLEMENT. BY FRANCIS S. DRAKE. BOSTON: HOUGHTON, OSGOOD & COMPANY. Htoersifce JDresc, 1879. (0 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, BY FRANCIS S. DRAKE, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. Boston i Stereotyped and Printed by Rand, A very, & Co TO SAMUEL GARDNER DRAKE, THE HISTORIAN OF BOSTON, IS INSCRIBED, AS A TRIBUTE OF FILIAL REGARD. 269088 PREFACE. design of this work is to give, in a single volume and at a moderate -*- cost, a manual of reference, containing in a condensed form all the more important data of American biography, including that of persons still living. Its scope, as set forth in the titlepage, is continental ; and it aims to include within the prescribed limits as many facts and dates as possible ; while, at the same time, ample reference is made to fuller sources of information. It is ob vious that the utility of such a work must depend mainly upon its correctness ; and, to insure this all-important object, much time and labor have been given to the verification and completion of its dates. In regard to persons now liv ing, it has not always been practicable to obtain the requisite facts ; and, in some instances, these have been so long withheld as to make it necessary to embody them in a Supplement. While the investigations of historical students in New England, New York, and in some of the other States, have been so fruitful in the materials for biography, that the principal difficulty has been that of selection and condensa tion, it is unfortunately true, that in many of the States, and in other portions of the continent, such materials are exceedingly scanty. Another deficiency in the sources of American biography is found in the departments of industry, inventions, and the fine arts. The politicians, authors, and clergy of America have had their full share of notice ; while her inventors, engineers, and practi cal scientists, to whom her wonderfully-rapid progress in the arts of civiliza tion and her high rank among the nations are mainly due, have been in a very great degree overlooked. One object of the author has been to remedy to some extent this injustice. Among the features calculated to enhance the value of the work are the pronunciation of such names as present unusual difficulty; and the Key to VI PREFACE. Assumed Names, which will enable the reader at once to trace the authorship of writings published under a pseudonyme. To JOHN WARD DEAN, M.A., Librarian of the New-England Historic- Genealogical Society of Boston, whose thorough and accurate knowledge of American history and wonderfully-retentive memory are exceeded only by the readiness with which its abundant stores are imparted, the author is under weighty obligations. For much valuable material relating to the West, his acknowledgments are also due to the late ALFRED T. GOODMAN of Cleve land, Ohio, Secretary of the Western-Reserve Historical Society, whose recent decease at the early age of twenty-six is not alone a calamity to his friends, but is a serious loss to the community. To the late Dr. JOSEPH PALMER, who kindly loaned him his annotated copy of the Harvard-College Triennial, he is also under obligations. To Rev. ELIAS NASON, to WILLIAM B. TRASK, Esq., and to all who have aided him in the prosecution of his labors, the author returns his grateful acknowledgments. And, finally, his thanks are justly due to the proof-readers, Messrs. GEORGE WADHAM and GEORGE W. POWERS, and Miss MERCIE L. TAYLOR, of the value of whose critical labors he is fully sensible. F. S. D. KEY TO ASSUMED NAMES. Abimelech Goody, Admonish Crime, Gulian C. Verplanck James Cook Richmond Dow, jun., Downing, Major Jack, Elbridge G. Page Seba Smith Agate, Agricola, Whitelaw Reid William Elliott Dr. Omham at Gray- stones, Caleb S. Henry AUce G. Lee, and Cous in Alice, Alice B. Haven Druid, Dunn Brown, Henry M. Flint Rev. Samuel Fiske Allan Grant, and Alpin, William Wilson Anthony Pasquin, John Williams E. C. Revons, Charles C. Converse Arp, Bill, Charles H. Smith Edith May, Anna Drinker Artemus Ward, Charles F. Browne Edmund Kirke, J. R. Gilmore Aunt Fanny, Mrs. F. D. Gage Elizabeth Wetherell, Susan Warner A. W. Farmer, Rev. Isaac Wilkins Estelle, Ethan Spike, Elizabeth Bogert Matthew F. Whittier Bailey, Fred. Douglass Everpoint, J. M. Field Barclays (One of the), Mrs. H. G. Otis Bard, Samuel A., Ephraim G. Squier Falconbridge, Jonathan F. Kelly Barrett, Walter, clerk, Joseph A. Scoville Fanny, Aunt, Frances D. Gage Barrv Gray, Belle Brittan, Robert B. Coffin Hiram Fuller Fanny Fern, Mrs. Sarah (Willis) Parton Belle Smith, Louisa Kirby Piatt e Benjamin, ^ Fanny Fielding, Fanny Forester, Marv J. S. Upshur Emily C. Judsou Benauly, } Austin, and jointly Farmer, A. W., Rev. Isaac Wilkins ( Lyman Abbott. ) Farmer, Pennsylvania, John Dickinson Benson, Carl, Charles Astor Bristed Fat Contributor, A. Miner Griswold Berkley, Helen, Anna Cora (Mowatt) Ritchie Fleta, Florence Leigh, Kate W. Hamilton Anna T. Wilbur Berwick, James Redpath Florence Percy, Mrs. Elizabeth Akers Biglow, Hosea, James Russell Lowell Folio, Tom, Joseph E. Babson Bigly, Cantell A., Bin Arp, Geo. W. Peck Charles H. Smith Francis Oldys, Frank Forester, George Chalmers Wm. H. Herbert Billings, Josh, Henry W. Shaw Blvthe. White, jun., Solon Robinson Gail Hamilton, Mary Abigail Dodge Bob Short, A. B. Longstreet Gath, Geo. Alfred To\vn?eud Boston Bard, Robert S. Coffin Genesee Traveller, Matthew L. Davis Boston Rebel, Breitmann, Hans, John Lowell Charles G. Leland Geoffrey Crayon, Gleaner, Washington Irving Nathl. I. Bowditch Brown, Vandyke, Wm. P. Brannan Glyndon, Howard, Laura C. Reddon Buntline, Ned, Burleigh, E. Z. C. Judson Matthew Hale Smith Grace Greenwood, Grant, Allen, Sara J. Lippincott William Wilson Gray, Barry, Robert B. Coffin Caesariensis, J. W. Alexander Gringo, Harry, Henry A. Wise Cantell A. Bigly, Geo. W. Peck Carl Benson, Carleton, Charles Astor Bristed Charles Carleton Coffin Hamilton. Gail, Hans Breitmann, Mary Abigail Dodge * Charles G. Leland Caustic, Christopher, Thos. Green Fessenden Harland. Marion, Mrs. Terhune Caspipina, Tamoc, Rev. Jacob Duchi Harry Gringo, Lieut. H. A. Wise Charles Summerfield, Clavers, Mary, Alfred W. Arrington Mrs. C. M. Kirkland Helen Berkley, Anna Cora (Mowatt) Ritchie Constantia, Judith Sargent Murray Helen Mar, Mrs. D. M. F. Walker Coody, Abimelech, G. C. Verplanck Honestus, Ben). Austin Cousin Alice, Alice B. Haven Horus, G. C. Fisher Cramer, Julian, Joseph Lemuel Chester Hosea Biglow, J. Russell Lowell Crayon, Geoffrey, Crayon, Porte, Washington Irving Gen. D. P. Strother Howard Glyndon, H. Trusta, Laura C. Reddon Mrs. Eliz. Stuart Phelps Creyton, Paul, J. T. Trowbridge Croaker, Crowiield, Christopher, Cypress, Fitz Greene Halleck Mrs. H. B. Stowe W. P. Hawes lanthe, Ignatius Loyola Robin- son. Emma C. Embury Samuel L. Knapp Ik Marvel, Donald G. Mitchell Dare, Shirley, Susan Dunning Delia Crusca, Robert Merry Jack Downing, Major, Seba Smith Dick Tinto, Diedrich Knickerbocker, Frank B. Goodrich Washington Irving Jeemes Pipes of Pipes- ville. Stephen C. Massett Doesticks, Q. K. Phi lander, Mortimer N. Thompson Jennie June, Job Sass, Mrs. Jennie C. Croly George A. Foxcroft vii KEY TO ASSUMED NAMES. John Oldbug, Rev. Leonard Withing- ton Pennsylvania Farmer, Pepper, K. N., John Dickinson James M Morris John Paul, C. H. W ebb Pequot, Charles W. March John Ph<enix, George H. Derby Percy. Florence, Mrs. Elizabeth Akers John Quod, .lohu Waters, John T. Irving Henry Cary ot Boston Perley, Peter Parley, Ben. Perley Poore S. G. Goodrich Jonathan Oldstyle, Jones, Major, Washington Irving Wm. Theodore Thomp son Peter Porcupine, Peter Quince, Peter Schlemihl, Wm. Cobbett Isaac Story George Wood ,To?h Billings, Henry W. Shaw Peter Scriber, Charles Aug. Davis Julian Cramer, Joseph Lemuel Chester Petroleum V. Nasby, David Ross Locke Philanthrope*. William Lnrld Karl Reden, Charles C. Converse Philip Quilibet, George E. Pond Ki iT. Orpheus C., K. H. Newell Phoenix, John, George H. Derby Kirke. Edmund, Kirwan. J. R. Gilmore Rev. Nicholas Murray Pipes. Jeemes. of Pipes- ville. Stephen C. Massett Knickerbocker, Died- rieh. Washington Irving Poor Richard, Porte Crayon, Benjamin Franklin D. P. Strother K. N. Pepper, James M. Morris Publicola, John Quincy Adams Pylodet, F., F. Leypoldt Laco. Stephen Higginson Laura Caxton, Lizzie B. Coniins Quilibet, Philip, George E. Pond Lav Preacher, Lee. Alice G., Joseph Dennie Alice B. Haven Quince, Peter, Quod. John, Isaac Story John T. Irving Lee. Patty, Alice Cary Leigh. Florence, Anna T. Wilbur Richard Hayward, Fredrick S. Cozzens Leighton, L luconnu, Rev. Jesse Appleton L. Virginia French Regester. Seeley, Revons. E. C., Mrs. O. J. Victor Charles C. Converse Loveugood, Sut, Lynn Bard, George W. Harris Alouzo Lewis Robinson, Ignatius Loyola, S. L. Knapp Rustic Bard, Robert Dinsmoor McArone, George Arnold Mrs. Miriam (Coles) Mace sloper, Charles G. Leland Rutledgc, Harris Mar, Helen. Mrs. D. M. F. Walker Maria del Occidente, Clarion Hurland, Maria (Gowen) Brooks Mary Virginia (Hawes) Terhune Salmagundi, Sam Slick, Samuel A. Bard, Washington Irving T. C. Hnliburton Ephraim G. Squier Marion Ward, Mark Twain, Mrs. H. M. Stephens Samuel L. Clemens Sass, Job. Schlemihl, Peter, George A. Foxcroft George Wood Marvel, Ik, Donald G. Mitchell Scriber, Peter, Charles Aug. Davis Mary Clavers, Caroline M. Kirkland Se De Kay, Charles D. Kirk Mary Orme, Mrs. Mary Sargent Gove Nichols Sexton of the Old School, Lucius M. Sargent Massachusettensis, Daniel Leonard Shirley Dare, Miss Susan Dunning May, Edith, Anna Drinker (now Mrs. Waters.) Mav, Sophie, Miles O Reilly, Minnie Myrtle, Miss R. S. Clarke Charles G. Halpine Anna L. Johnson (Mrs. Joaquin Miller) Sigma, Sloper, Mace, Smith, Belle, Sophie May, Lucius M. Sargent Charles G. Leland Louisa Kirby Pi ait Miss R. S. Clarke Mrs. Manners, Cornelia H. (Bradley) Richards Spai rowgrass, Spy in Washington, Fredrick S. Cozzens Matthew L. Davis Squibob, George H. Derbv Nasbv, Petroleum V. David Ross Locke Stampede, Jonathan F. Kelly Ned Buntline, E. Z. C. Judson Straws, J. M. Field Nevers, C. O., Charles C. Converse Straw s, jun., Miss Kate Field Novanglus, John Adams Summern eld, Charles, Alfred W. Arrington Sut Loveugood, George W. Harris Oldbug, John, Rev. Leonard Withing- ton Talvi. TheYese A. L. Robinson Oldham, Dr., at Gray- stones Caleb S. Henry Theodore de la Guard, Timothy Titcomb, Nathaniel Ward Dr. J. G. Holland Old South, Oldstvle. Jonathan, Oldys, Francis, Oliver Oldschool, Oliver Optic. Benjamin Austin Washington Irving George Chalmers Joseph Dennie Wm. T. Adams Tinto, Dick, Tom Folio, Traveller, Genesee, Trusta, H., Twain, Mark, Frank B. Goodrich Joseph E. Babson Matthew L. Davis Mrs. Eliz. Stuart Phelpa Samuel L. Clemens O Reilly, Miles, Orme. Mary, Charles G. Halpine Mrs. Nichols Uncle Toby, Rev. Tobias H. Miller Orpheus C. Kerr, Robert H. Newell Updike, Underbill, Dr., Royall Tyler Partington. Mrs., Pasquin. Anthony, B. P. Shillaber John Williams Vandyke Brown, Veteran Observer, Wm. Penn Brannan E. D. Mansfield Patty Lee, Alice Cary Walter Barrett, clerk, J. A. Scoville Paul Crevton, J. T. Trow bridge Ward, Artemus, Charles F. Browne Paul. John, C. H. Webb Ward, Marion, Mrs. H. M. Stephens Paulas Silentiarius, George P. Philes Warrington, W. S. Robinson Peasant Bard, Josiau D. Canning of Gill Waters, John, Wetherell, Elizabeth. Henry Cary of Boston Susan Warner Penn, Wm., Jeremiah Evarts White, Blythe, jun., Solon Robinson ABBREVIATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. a., aged. ab.. about. acad., academy. accomp., accompanied. adm,, admiral, admitted. Amer., America or American. Ant. Coll., Antioch College. app., appointed. art., artillery. assist., assistant. asso., association, associate. atty., attorney. b., born. bapt., baptized. brev., brevet. bro., brother. com., commanded, commander, committee. commiss., commissioned, commissioner. commo., commodore. conf., conference. Confed., Confederate. Cong., Congregational. consec., consecrated. Const. Conv., Constitutional Convention. Cont., Continental. contrib., contributed, contributions, contributor. corresp., correspondence, corresponding. C. S. A., Confederate-States Army. d., deceased. Democ., Democratic. dep., deputy. dept., department. dist., district. disting., distinguished. eccles., ecclesiastical. exped., expedition. explo , exploring. Inf., Infantry. Inst., Institute, Institution. iegisl., legislature, legislative. m., married. mag., magazine. manuf., manufacturer. Mpi., Mississippi. N. A., North America. nat., national. N. E., New England. Nouv.Biog.Univ., Nouvelle Biographie Universelle. N. W., North-west. occas., occasional. ord., ordained. Pr-Ep., Protestant-Episcopal. pres., president. Presb., Presbyterian. prof., professor. prov., provincial. provis., provisional. pub., published, publication. rev., review. Kevol., Bevolutionary. sem., seminary. theol., theology, theological. Unit., Unitarian. vols., volunteers. Names of colleges generally abbreviated by first letters. The strictly alphabetical order has been devi ated from in such names as Clarke, Deane, and others, in which the final e is sometimes dropped ; in that of Matthews, sometimes spelled with a single t ; and in those having the prefix Me, which are placed as though spelled Mac. Names of mem bers of the same family are sometimes grouped together in one paragraph; as in the cases of Shubrick, Lemoine, Wyllys, Hallam, Claiborne, Brenton, &c. Pronunciation as in Worcester s large Diction ary. ix INDEX TO AUTHORITIES, CITED BY THE AUTHOR S NAME ONLY. Allen, American Biographical Dictionary, 8vo, 1856. Allibone, Dictionary of Authors, 3 vols. 8vo, 1859-70. Appleton, New American Cyclopaedia, and Annuals, 27 vols. 8vo. Blake, Biographical Dictionary, 8vo, 1856. Bradford, New-England Biography, 12mo, 1842. Collins, History of Kentucky, 8vo, 1848. Cullum, Register of West-Point Graduates, 2 vols. 8vo, 1868. DuycMnck, Cyclopaedia of American Literature, and Supplement, 3 vols. 8vo, 1856-66. Eliot, New-England Biographical Dictionary, 8vo, 1809. Gardner, Dictionary of the Army, 2d edition, 12mo, 1860. Gayarre, History of Louisiana, 2 vols. 8vo, 1854. Goodman, A. T., MS. notices. Grigsby, Virginia Convention of 1776, 8vo, 1855. Gross, American Medical Biography, 8vo, 1861. Hamersly, Record of Living Officers U. S. Navy, 8vo, 1870. Henry, Record of Civil Appointments U. S. Army, 8vo, 1869. Lanman, Dictionary of Congress, 6th edition, 8vo, 1867. Lossing, Field-Book of the American Revolution, 2 vols. 8vo, 1852. Morgan, Celebrated Canadians, 8vo, 1865. O Callaghan, New- York Colonial Documents, 11 vols. 4to. Phillipart, Royal Military Calendar, 5 vols. 8vo, London. Rogers, Biographical Dictionary of Revolutionary Worthies, 8vo, 1829. Sabine, American Loyalists, 2d edition, 2 vols. 8vo, 1864. Simpson, Eminent Philadelphians, 8vo, 1859. Sparks, American Biographies, 1st and 2d series, 25 vols. 12mo. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, 9 vols. 8vo, 1857-66. Thacher, American Medical Biography, 2 vols. 8vo, 1828. Thomas, Universal Biographical Dictionary, 2 vols. 8vo, 1871. Tuckerman, Book of the Artists, 8vo, 1867. Wheeler, History of North Carolina, 8vo, 1851. Williams, American Medical Biography, 8vo, 1845 DICTIONARY AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. Abascal (a-bas-kal ), DON JOSE FERNAN DO, Viceroy of Peru, b. Oviedo, 1743; d. Ma drid, June 30, 1821. Entering the military service in 1762, he became a brigadier during the war with France, and in 1796 was sent as lieutenant of the king to defend Havana against the English. Called thence to the intendancy of New Galicia, his services there were rewarded in 1804 with the viceroyship of Peru. On his way thither, he fell into the hands of the English. By prudence and firm ness he overcame various obstacles, and gained the confidence of the people. He established free schools, an academy of design, and chairs of medicine and surgery, at Lima, besides effecting important changes in its administra tive Indian and police organizations. For these and other services, the Spanish Cortes, May 30, 1812, gave him the title of Marquis de la Concordia Espanola del Peru. Subse quent reverses caused his recall in 1816. The title of deputy-general was decreed him by the Junta of Asturias for his benefactions to the widows and orphans of the patriots of that province who died fighting for the national independence. Abasola (a-ba -so-la), MARIANO, Mexican revolutionist, b. near Dolores Guanajuto ab. 1780; shot in Chihuahua, July, 1811. He was a zealous supporter of Hidalgo, a colonel of his army; and at the capture of Rianon was conspicuous for courage, and humanity to the prisoners. He was at Las Cruces, and, after the disastrous battle of the Bridge of Cal- deron, fled to Saltillo with Hidalgo. Both were taken by Elizondo, March 21, 1811, and shot soon after ; their bodies being publicly ex posed on stakes, and left unburied until 1822. Abbadie, D (da-ba-de ), M., governor of Louisiana from 1763 to his death, Feb. 4, 1765. June 29, 1763, he arrived at New Orleans, where the French king had a factory, of which d Abbadie was made director-general, with the powers of a military commandant Or dered in 1764 to surrender the country to Spain, his grief at this duty caused his death. He protected the Indians, repressed the excesses of masters towards their slaves, and left a memory dear to all Louisianians. Cattag- han. Abbeville, D (dab-veT), CLAUDE, a Cap uchin, author of " Histoire de la Mission des Peres Capucins en 1 Isle de Maragnon;" d. Paris, 1632. The mission to the Island of Maranham (on the coast of Brazil) was under taken in 1612. Abbot, ABIEL, D.D. (H. U. 1838), minis ter, b. Wilton, N.H., Dec. 14, 1765; d. West Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 31, 1859. H. U. 1787. Descended from George, who settled in An- dover, Ms., 1643. His father, Abiel, was a major in the Revol. army. Soon after gradu ating, and until July, 1789, he was a teacher in Phillips Academy. After studying theology, and engaging in missionary labors in Maine and elsewhere, he was, from Jan. 1794 to Jan. 1795, Greek tutor at Cambridge. Ord. minis ter, of Coventry, Ct., Oct. 28, 1795. June 6, 1811, he was deposed from the ministry on account of differences of opinion with his church. In Sept. 1811, he took charge of Dummer Academy ; which, in April, 1819, he quitted for a farm in North Andover. In stalled minister of Peterborough, N.H., June 27, 1827, he remained until his retirement in Sept. 1 848. He was an able writer and popular preacher. In 1811, he pub. a statement of the Coventry difficulty; in 1829, a "History of Andover ; " and a " Genealogy of the Abbot Family" in 1847. Necrology, H. U. Abbot, ABIEL, D.D. (H. U. 1821), minis ter, b. Andover, Aug. 17, 1770; d. Staten Is land, N.Y., June 7, 1828. H. U. 1792. After being an assistant in the Andover Academy, he was minister of Haverhill from June 8, 1795, to June 13, 1803 ; and then of Beverly until the winter of 1827-8; when he went to Charles ton, S.C., for his health, and thence to Cuba. Returning in improved health, he preached ac Charleston June 1, and sailed the next day fcu New York, but died of yellow fever at the quarantine near that city. He was an eloquent and liberal preacher. His " Letters from Cuba" were pub. in Boston in 1829. His ser mons, with a memoir by S. Everett, were pub., 1 2mo, 1 831 . Abbot Genealogy. Abbot, BENJAMIN, LL. D. (D. C. 1811), educator, b. Andover, Sept. 17, 1762; d. Exe ter, N. H., Oct. 25, 1 849. H. U. 1 788. He was f or fifty years principal of Phillips (Exeter) Academy; a position for which he possessed peculiar qualifications, among them, digni fied manners, an equal and happy temper, quick perception of character, and a native authority which secured obedience and affec tion. Under his charge, the institution was exceedingly popular. Among his pupils were Daniel Webster, Edward Everett, Jared Sparks, George Bancroft, and many others who became distinguished. He stood at the head of his profession in New England. Mary, his wife, sister of Thos. H. Perkins, merchant, of Boston, d. Exeter, March 17, 1863, a. 93 y. 10 mo. Abbott, BENJAMIN V., b. Boston, June 4, 1830 ; AUSTIN, b. Dec. 18, 1831 ; and LYMAN, b. Roxbury, Dec. 18, 1835. The Abbott brothers, sons of Rev. JACOB, practise law in N. Y. City ; and have jointly pub. Adminil- tv Reports, 1857; N. Y. Practice Reports; Forms of Pleading ; Digest of N. Y. ; C. P. Reports, 8 vols. ; Digest of U. S. Statutes and Reports, 1789-1867, 4 vols.; Clerks and Con veyancers Assist. ; Digest of the Law of Cor porations, 2 vols., 1869 ; Treatise on the Prac tice and Jurisdiction of the U. S. Courts ; many articles in law magazines ; and " Cone- cut Corners," a novel in support of prohibitory temperance laws. Allibone. Abbot, HULL, minister of Charlestown, Ms., from Feb 5, 1724, to his death, April 19, 1774. B. Boston, June 15, 1702. H. U. 1720. Many years colleague with Rev. Simon Bradstreet. He pub. sermons on the * Artil lery Election," 1735 ; on the " Rebellion in Scotland," 1746 ; " Against Swearing," 1747. Abbott, REV. JACOB, author, b. Hallow- ell, Me., Nov. 14, 1803. Bowd. Coll. 1820; And. Theol. Sem. 1825. JACOB, his father, b. Andover; d. Farmington, Me., Jan. 25, 1847, a. 70. Prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. Arab. Coll. 1825-9. Ord. Sept. 18, 1834, at Eliot Church, Boston Highlands ; and was suc ceeded by his bro., Rev. J. S. C., Nov. 25, 1835. Among his many writings, chiefly for the young, are "The Young Christian," 1825, " Corner Stone," " Way to do Good," "Hoary- Head," and " Mac. Donner," " Teacher," " Summer in Scotland," 24 vols. of the " Rol- lo," " Lucy," and " Jonas " stories, and 30 vols. of juvenile biographies. Abbott, JOHN, author of " The Natural History of the Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia," edited by Sir J. E. Smith, Lond. 1797, with 104 colored plates. Resided many years in Georgia. Abbot, JOHN EMERY, clergyman, b. Exeter, N.H., Aug. 6, 1793 ; d. Salem, Ms., Oct. 7, 1819. Bowd. Coll. 1810. Son of Benjamin, principal of Phillips Academy, where he re ceived his academical education. Ord. April 20, 1815, pastor of the church in Salem, as successor of Rev. Thomas Barnard, where he was highly esteemed for his literary acquire ments and the liberality and candor of his re ligious views. His sermons, with a memoir by H. Ware, jun., were pub. in 1829. Abbott, REV. JOHN STEVENS CABOT. author, bro. of Jacob, b. Brunswick, Me., Sept. 18, 1805. Bowd. Coll. 1825; And. Theol. Sem. 1829. Ord. Jan. 27, 1830. Settled in the ministry successively at Worcester, Roxbury, and Nantucket, Ms., Howe-st. Ch., N. Haven, 1861-6, and over the Second Ch., Fair Haven, Ct., 1869. His first work, "The Mother at Home," has been translated into various for eign languages. Among his principal publi cations are " The Child at Home; " " Abbott s Historical Series/ 6 vols. ; " Confidential Cor respondence of Napoleon and Josephine ; " " Na poleon at St. Helena ; " " Memoirs of Napo leon," 2 vols. 8vo, 1855, and of Napoleon III. ; " History of the French Revolution," and of the " Civil War in America ; " " Life of Frederick the Great ; " d. Fair Haven, Ct., June 17, 1877. Abbot, SAMUEL, a founder and benefac tor of the And. Theol. Sem., b. Andover, Ms. ; d. there April 30, 1812, a. 80. Hav ing a feeble constitution, he adopted the mer cantile profession in Boston, and, acquiring wealth by integrity and methodical habits, devoted it to religious and charitable objects. Upon the establishment of the seminary at Andover, Aug. 31, 1807, he gave to it $20,000, and in his will left it $100,000 more. Abbot, SAMUEL, inventor of the process by which starch is made from the potato, b. Wilton, N.H., March 3, 1786; d. there Jan. 2, 1839. H. U. 1808. Son of Major Abiel. Practised law at Dunstable, and afterwards at Ipswich. Burned to death in a starch-factory at Wilton. Abeel, DAVID, an officer of the frigate "Alliance" in the Re vol. war, d. N. Bruns wick, N. J., Oct. 1840, a. 78. Abeel, DAVID, D.D., missionary to China, b. N. Brunswick, N. J., June 12, 1804; d. Al bany, Sept. 4, 1846. Educated principally at his native place. He was ord. to the ministry in 1826, and labored at Athens, N.Y., two years. His health failing, he went in Oct. 1829* as a missionary to China, and thence to Java, Bata- via, Singapore, and Siam. Visiting Europe in 1833, on returning home he pub. The Claims of the World to the Gospel ; " " Residence in China" in 1829-33; and "Missionary Con vention at Jerusalem," 1838. He went again to Canton in 1839; but, the "opium war" precluding his usefulness there, he visited Ma lacca, Borneo, and other places, and settled at Kolingsu. Ill health compelled him to return home in 1845, after beginning a mission at Amoy in 1842 ; and he died soon after. He was well qualified for his work by great prac tical judgment, good sense, and persevering energy. Memoirs by Rev. G.R. \VilLiamson, 1849. Abeel, JOHN NELSON, D.D. (H. U. 1804), an eloquent Presbyterian minister, b. New York, 1769; d. there Jan. 20, 1812. Princeton Coll. 1787. He studied law while a tutor at Princeton, but began to preach, in Apr. 1793- m Phila. From the autumn of 1795 until his death, he was pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church in New York. He possessed a voice of much sweetness and melody. Abererombie, JAMBS, of Glassaugh, a British gen., b. 1706 ; d. deputy -gov. of Stir ling Castle, Apr. 28, 1781. Descended from a wealthy Scotch family, he entered the army ; became a col. Apr. 16, 1746 ; maj.-gen. Jan. 31, 1756; lieut.-gen. Mar. 31, 1759; gen. May 25, 1772. Sent to America in June, 1756, with the rank of maj.-gen., to which he had been promoted for services on the Continent, he held the chief command until the arrival of Loudoun in Aug., and resumed the command on the return of that officer in 1758. July 8, 1758, at the head of 15,000 men, he attacked Ticonderoga with the bayonet, a piece of folly which cost the lives of nearly 2,000 brave men. He still further displayed his incapacity by unnecessarily retreating to his intrenched camp on the south side of Lake George. Superseded by Amherst, he returned to England in 1759, and, as a member of par liament, supported the arbitrary measures which resulted in the independence of the United States. Abercrombi, JAMES, his son, alieut.-col., mortally wounded at Bunker s Hill ; d. Boston, June 24, 1775. Made capt. 42d Highlanders, Feb. 16, 1756; aide-de-camp to Gen. Amherst, May 5, 1759 ; maj. 78th, July 25, 1760 ; lieut.- col. 22d, March 27, 1770. He led the gren adiers to the assault of Bunker s Hill ; was a brave and noble-hearted soldier; and, while being borne from the field, begged his men to spare his old friend Putnam. Abercrombie, JAMES, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1804), clergyman and scholar, b. Phila. Jan. 26, 1758 ; d. there June 26, 1841. Phila. Coll. 1776. Ord. deacon and priest Dec. 29, 1793. He was for many years one of the associated rectors of Christ Church, St. Peter s, and St. John s, in that city ; and was also widely and favorably known as a classical teacher. For impressive eloquence and classical acquire ments, he was excelled by few. Abercrombie, JOHN JOSEPH, brig. -gen. U. S. Vols., b. Tenn. 1802. West Point, 1822. His father emigrated from Scotland, was a volunteer in the Revol. army, and settled in Tennessee. Entering the 1st Infy., he was adjutant from 1825 to 1833 ; became capt. Se"pt. 4, 1836 ; brev. maj. for services in the Florida war, especially at Okechobee, Dec. 25, 1837 ; brev. lieut.-col. for gallantry at Monterey, where he was wounded Sept. 23, 1846 ; lieut.- col. 2d Infy. May 1, 1852 ; col. 7th Infy. Feb. 25, 1861 ; brev. brig.-gen. U. S. A. March 13, 1865; retired June 12, 1865; brig.-gen. of Vols. Aug. 31, 1861. He commanded a brigade in Patterson s division in May ; in July was transferred to Banks s division on the Upper Potomac; and early in 1862 joined the army of McClellan, and was in the battles before. Richmond, being slightly wounded at Fair Oaks ; d. Roslyn, L. I. Jan. 3, 1877. Abercromby, SIR ROBERT, a British gen., bro. of the celebrated Sir Ralph, b. Oct. 1740; d. near Stirling, Scotland, Nov. 3, 1827. Ensign in the 44th in July, 1758; capt. in 1761 ; lieut.-ool. 37th, 1775; col. 1781 ; maj. gen. 1790; lieut.-gen. 1797 ; gen. 1802. He served in Canada until its surrender by the French in 1763 ; commanded his regt. through the whole American war until captured at Yorktown, and was wounded at Monmouth He commanded the exped. which, May 7, 1778, destroyed the American shipping in the Delaware; May 1, 1778, surprised Gen. Lacey at Crooked Billet, Pa. ; and, during the siege of Yorktown, led a successful sortie, capturing two batteries. He afterward served in India, where he succeeded Comwallis in the chief command in 1793; and, at his death, was the oldest gen. in the service. Abert (a bert), COL. JOHN JAMES, military engineer, b. Md. 1787 ; d. Washington, D.C., Jan. 27, 1863. West Point, 1811. He was employed in the war office in 1811-14; was in the battle of Bladensburg, Aug. 24, 1814 ; Nov. 22, 1814, was app. maj. of topographical engineers; became lieut.-col. Nov. 22, 1824; and Mar. 19, 1829, was placed in command of the corps of topographical engineers, and at the head of the topographical bureau, which was by his efforts made a distinct branch of the war dept. June 22, 1831. He was an Indian commissioner in 1832-3; and, on the reconstruction of the army, was appointed col. of his corps, July 7, 1838. The military topog raphy of the United States was under his supervision until his retirement, Sept. 9, 1861. Abert, COL. WM. STRETCH, son of J. J., b. Washington, D.C., Feb. 1, 1836; d. Galves- tpn, Tex., Aug. 25, 1867. During the Rebel lion, in which he rendered faithful service to the government, he was col. 3d Ms. Heavy Art., and brev. lieut.-col. U. S. A. for gallantry at Antietam. Aboville, D (da-bo veT), FRANgois MA RIE, Count, a French gen. of artillery, b. Brest, Jan. 23, 1730 ; d. Nov. 1, 1817. Entering the artillery, he disting. himself at the siege of Munster in 1759. He commanded in chief, with the grade of col., the artillery of Rocham- beau s army, and directed its operations at the siege of Yorktown with great skill, earning promotion to the rank of brigadier, and the order of the Cincinnati, Mardchal de camp, in 1788. In 1792 he com., as lieut.-gen., the Ar my of the North and of the Ardennes, and in 1807 was gov. of Brest. Adhering in 1814 to the Bourbons, he was made a peer, and com mander of the order of St. Louis. Acamapixtle I. (a-ka-ma-pitch -tlee), king of the Aztecs from 1352 to his d. in 13S9 ; was the legislator of his subjects ; built roads, canals, and aqueducts ; collected the scattered tribes together, and founded the city of Tenoch- titlan, near Mexico. Ackland, LADY CHRISTINA HARRIET CAROLINE Fox, dau. of Stephen, Earl of 111- chester, and wife of Maj. John Dyke Acklaud of Pixton, b. 1750; d. July 21, 1815. Her husband, maj. in the 20th foot, joined Bur- goyne s exped. in 1776; disting. himself, and was severely wounded, and made prisoner, at the battle of Saratoga, Oct. 7, 1777. While on parole in New York, he alleviated the suf ferings of the American prisoners there. He was a member of parliament, and d. Oct. 31. AGO I 778. Lady Harriet, who accompanied him during Burgoyne sexped., is memorable for her Bufferings and heroism during an anxious at tendance upon her husband throughout the perils of a long campaign. The story related by Wilkinson in his memoirs, and often re peated, of her husband falling in a duel, her consequent insanity, and subsequent marriage to Mr. Brudenell, a chaplain in Burgoyne s ar my, lacks confirmation. Some authorities state that Maj. A. died from the effect of his wounds. Lady A. could never after hear an al lusion to his name without tears. Her sister, Lady Susan, also came to America with her husband, William O Brien, who held office under the crown, and returned to England during the war, by which he was a large loser in landed property Acosta, JOAQUIN, an officer in the service of the republic of Colombia, travelled exten sively there and in New Granada, and com piled a map of New Granada, with a history of the discovery and colonisation of that country (Paris, 8vo, 1848). He also repub. the work of Caldas, cited by Humboldt, with notes and a preface ; d. about 1862. Acosta, JOSEPH D , a Spanish Jesuit and missionary, b. Medina del Campo, 1539 ; d. rector of the U. of Salamanca, Feb. 15, 1600. He spent some years subsequent to 1571 in the conversion of the Indians of S. America, and was afterwards a provincial in the Jesuit Col lege in Peru. On his return to Spain, he pub., besides his missionary works, " The Natural and Moral History of the Indies," 8vo, 1590, translated into French in 1600 ; to which was afterward added De Natura Novi Orbis, Ubri duo, a work quoted by Robertson and others. He was at one time professor of theology at Oeana. Acrelius, ISRAEL, a Swedish clergyman, b. Osteraker, Dec, 25, 1714; d. Fellingsbro , Apr. 25, 1800. U.ofUpsal. Ord. 1743. App. provost of the Swedish congregations on the Delaware in 1749, and pastor of Christina. Reaching Phila. in Nov., he superintended suc cessfully the ecclesiastical affairs of the Swe dish colonists until obliged by ill health to re sign in Nov. 1756. On his return, the king gave him a pension and the living of Fellings bro . Besides articles on America in the Swedish journals, and some religious works, he pub. a description of the Swedish colonies in America, 4to, Stockholm, 1759. Acuna, D (a-koon -ya), CHRISTOVAL, Jesuit and explorer, b. Burgos, 1597 ; d. Lima, ab. 1675. He was one of the early explorers of the River Amazon, and was sent to report the incidents of the exped. of 1639. On his return to Spain, he pub. at Madrid, in 4to, 1641, Xuevo Discubri mi lento de Gran Rio de las Amazones. The copies of this work were all destroyed but two, one of which Gomberville translated into French in 1684. The work is accompanied with a curious dissertation. He subsequently went to the East Indies, returned to S. America, and died on the way from Pan ama to Lima. Adair, JAMES, trader, and author of a his tory of the American Indians, 4to, 1775, Lon don. The writer, who lived chiefly among the Chickasaws from 1735 to 1775, assigns to them a Hebrew origin, an idea then regarded as visionary, but which has since found support ers ; among them Dr. Boudinot in his " Star of the West." His argument is founded on their division into tribes, their language and customs. Adair, JOHN, general, b. Chester Co., S.Q., 1759; d. Harrodsburg, Ky., May 19, 1840. He served in the Re vol. army ; removed to Ky. in 1787 ; was a maj. under St. Clair and Wil kinson in the expeditions against the North western Indians in 1791 ; was attacked by the Miami chief, " Little Turtle," in camp near Fort St. Clair, Nov. 6, 1792, and forced to re treat ; and was lieut.-col. under Gen. Charles Scott in 1793. He was a volunteer aide to Gen. Shelby at the battle of the Thames, Oct. 5, 1813 ; made brig.-gen. of Ky. militia in Nov. 1814 ; and com. the Ky. troops with distinction at N. Orleans, under Gen. Jackson, in 1814-15. He was several years a representative of Mer cer Co. in the Ky. legislature, of which body he was also speaker ; was a member of the Ky. Const. Conv., and register of the U. S. Land Office; U. S. senator in 1805-6; gov. of Ky. 1820-24; and M. C. 1831-3, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. Adams, ABIGAIL, wife of Pres. John, b. Weymouth, Ms., Nov. 22,1744; d. Quincy, Oct. 28, 1818. Dau. of Rev. William Smith. Feb. 24, 1764, she m. Mr. Adams, then a lawyer at Weymouth. She visited Europe while her husband was minister to England, in 1784-8 ; and during his Vice-Presidency and Presidency, 1789-1800, resided in Phila. Her letters were pub. by her grandson, Charles F., 4th ed. Boston, 1848, 12mo. They are inter esting and valuable pictures of the Revol. pe riod. Adams, AMOS, minister of Roxbury, Ms., from Sept. 12, 1753, to his d. at Dorchester, Oct. 5, 1775, b. Medfield, Ms., Sept. 1, 1728. H. U. 1752. He was an ardent patriot, and was scribe of the convention of ministers at Watertown, which in May, 1775, recommend ed to the people to take up arms. He pub., besides sermons, two discourses on " Religious Liberty," 1767; "A Concise Historical View of New England," in two discourses ; on the Gen eral Fast, Apr. 6, 1769, repub. London, 1770. Adams, ANDREW, LL. D. (Y. C. 1796), jurist, b. Stratford, Ct., Jan. 1736; d. Litch- field, Nov. 26, 1797. Yale Coll. 1760. He was admitted to the bar of Fairfield Co. ; practised law some time in Stamford ; removed in 1764 to Litchfield ; was a member of the legislature from 1776 to 1781 ; delegate to Congress in 1777-80 and 1781-2; member of the Council in 1781 ; app. judge of the Supreme Court in 1789, and chief-justice in 1793. He was an adroit and learned lawyer, and an able judge. Adams, BENJAMIN, lawyer, b. Worces ter, Ms., 1765; d. Uxbridge, Ms., March 28, 1837. B. U. 1788. He was an able law yer, a member of the legislature in 1809-14, State senator in 1814-15 and 1822-25, and a useful member of Congress in 1816-21 Adams, CHARLES, historian of the " Patriot war," b. Arlington, Vt, Mar. 12, 1785; d. Burlington, Vt., Jan. 12, 1861. U. of Vt. 1804. He was an eminent lawyer, and held ciany public offices. Adams, CHARLES BAKER, naturalist, b. Dorchester, Ms., Jan. 11, 1814; d. St. Thomas, Jan. 19, 1853. Amh. Coll. 1834. He studied at the And. Theol. Sem. two years, and then, with the Rev. Dr. Hitchcock, made a geological survey of New York. Tutor at Amh. Coll. 1837. From 1838 to Aug. 1847, he was prof, of chemistry and natural history in Middlebury Coll., and from 1847 to his death was prof, of astronomy and /oology at Amh. Coll. He made the geological survey of Vt. in 1845-7, and, between the years 1844 and 1851, made scientific explorations in Panama and several of the West India Islands. He was a member of numerous scientific societies, and, besides his geological reports of Vt., pub. eleven numbers of " Contributions to Con- chology," " Monographs of Several Species of Shells," " Catalogue of Shells collected in Pa nama," N.Y., 1852, " Elements of Geology," and some papers in SiUiman s Journal. Adams, CHARLES FRANCIS, LL.D. (H.U. 1864), statesman, son of John Quincy Adams, b. Boston, Aug. 18, 1807. H. U. 1825. His boyhood was passed with his father at St. Petersburg. Accompanying his father in his mission to England in 1815, he was placed at school there until his return home in 1817. He studied law in the office of Daniel Webster, and was, in 1828, adm. to the bar, but never has practised. In 1829, he m. the youngest dau. of P. C. Brooks, a Boston millionnaire. Representative in the legisl. of Ms. 1831-4; senator 1835-7. Having left the Whig party, he was, in 1848, the candidate of the newly- organized Free Soil party for the Vice-Presi dency. In 1845-8, he edited at Boston a daily paper which prepared the way for the present Republican party. M. C., for the district so long represented by his father, in 1859-61, and, from Mar. 1861 to Feb. 1868, minister to Great Britain, a position which had been filled by his father and grandfather before him. This post was, during the great Rebellion, an ex ceedingly trying one ; but he acquitted himself with great credit. He was a contributor to the North American Review and to the Christian Examiner, and has edited his grandfather s col lected writings, with a Memoir by himself, in 10 vols. 8vo; "Letters of Mrs. Adams," 4th ed. 1848 ; and "Letters of John Adams addressed to his Wife ; " also a " Life of John Adams," 2 vols. 1870. His son, JOHN QUINCY, b. Bos ton, Sept. 22, 1833 (H. U. 1853), has been sev eral times democ. candidate for gov. of Ms. Adams, DANIEL, M.D., physician, and Author of school text-books, b. Townsend, Ms., Sept. 29, 1773 ; d. Keene, N.H., June 8, 1864. Dartm. Coll. 1797; M.D. 1822. He taught a select school in Boston in 1806-13; practised medicine in Lancaster, Boston, and Keene, N. H. ; was State senator in N. H. in 1838-40; and was president of the N. H. Medical and Bible Societies. Besides an arithmetic, which was extensively used, and other school-books, he pub. an oration at Leom- inster, on the death of Washington ; edited the Telescope, at Mt Vernon, and the Medical and Agricultural Register, at Boston. Lartm. ColL Alumni. Adams, EBENEZER, educator, b. New Ips wich, N.H., Oct. 2, 1765; d. Hanover, Aug. 15, 1841. Dartm. Coll. 1791. Descendant of Henry of Devonshire, Eng., who settled in Braintree ab. 1630. Preceptor of Leicester Acad. in 1792-1806 ; then took charge of the Portland Acad. ; prof, of mathematics in Phil lips (Exeter) Acad. ; prof, of languages at Dartm. Coll. in 1809-10, and of mathematics and natural philosophy there in 1810-33. Mem ber of many scientific and literary societies. Adams, EDWIN, comedian, b. Medford, Ms., Feb. 3, 1834. First appeared at the Na tional Theatre, Boston, Aug. 29, 1853, as Stephen in " The Hunchback." His first ap pearance in Phila. was Sept. 20, 1854, at the Chestnut, as Charles Woodley in "The Sol dier s Daughter." His first great hit was at the St. Charles Theatre, Baltimore. He has appeared as a star in all the principal cities of the U.S.; d. Phila. Oct. 28, 1877. Adams, ELIPHALET, minister of New London, Ct., b. Dedham, Ms., Mar. 26, 1677 ; d. Oct. 4, 1753. H. U. 1694. Ord. Feb. 9, 1709. William, his father, was second minister of Dedham. A Diary kept by him, 1667-85, is in Ms. Hist. Coll. iv. 1. Eliphalet was a scholar of reputation, and pub. a number of sermons. His son William, also a minister, d. 1798. Sprayue. Adams, HANNAH, historian, b. Medfield, Ms., 1755; d. Brookline, Ms., Nov. 15, 1831, and was the first person interred at Mt. Auburn Cemetery. Her father was a shop keeper of literary tastes. Her mother d. when she was but two years of age. Evincing an early fondness for study, she obtained a knowledge of Latin and Greek from some divinity students boarding at her father s house. He failed in business when she was 17 ; and the children were obliged to provide for them selves. During the Revol. she supported herself by making lace, and teaching. She was, perhaps, the first of those literary women of whom our country has since been so prolific, and, though much esteemed as a writer, de rived little pecuniary benefit from her literary labors. Her friends, however, contributed liberally to her support, raising for her declin ing years a comfortable annuity. Simple in her manners, she possessed rare modesty, and great excellence and purity of character. Small in stature, she was, in old age, very deaf, fond of strong tea, and an inveterate snuff-taker. She corresponded with learned men in Europe, among them, the Abbe Gre- goire, who assisted her with material for her " History of the Jews." She pub. " View of Religions," 1784; " History of New England," 1799 ; " History of the Jews," 1812 ; " a Con troversy with Dr. Morse," 1814 ; " Letters on the Gospels," 2d ed. 1826 ; and " Evidences of the Christian Religion," 1804. Her Autobi ography, with a continuation by Mrs. G. G. Lee, was pub. in 1832. Adams, ISAAC, inventor of the power printing-press in general use, b. Rochester, N.H., 1803 ; descended from Rev. Joseph of Newington, 1689-1783. His education was 6 very limited. He first became a factory opera tive, afterwards learned the trade of a cabinet maker ; came to Boston ab. 1824, and went into a machine-shop. He invented a printing- press in 1828, which in 1834 he improved, making it substantially what it now is. With his bro. Seth, he engaged in the manufac ture of these and other machines, and acquired a competency. Member Ms. senate. Adams,* JAMES HOPKINS, politician, b. 8.0. ab. 1811; d. near Columbia, S.C., July 27, 1861. Yale Coll. 1831. He strongly opposed in the S. C. legisl. in 1830, the nullification doctrine ; was subsequently a member of the Senate ; was gov. of S. C. in 1855-7, and, after the passage of the " Secession Ordinance," was one of the commissioners to treat with the President concerning the U. S. property in South Carolina. Adams, JASPER, D.D., educator, b. Med- way, Ms., 1793 ; d. Charleston, S.C., Oct. 25, 1841. B. U. 1815. He studied theology; was prof, of mathematics in B. U. 1819-24; took charge of Charleston Coll. in 1824, and of Ge neva Coll. in 1825-7; and was president of the former in 1827-36. He next occupied himself in preparing a treatise on moral science, pub. in 1837. He was in 1838-40 a prof, of geog raphy, history, and ethics, in West Point Acad., and subsequently had charge of a seminary at Pendleton, S.C. Adams, JOHN, poet and Cong, minister, b. 1704; d. Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 23, 1740. H.U. 1721. Son of Hon. John Adams of Nova Scotia. Settled minister of Newport, R.I., Apr. 11, 1728; dismissed Feb. 25, 1730, after ward settled in Phila. His poems (Boston, 1745) include the Book of Revelations in heroic verse, and evince a lively fancy, and a harmony of versification remarkable for that period. An ingenious and satirical piece on the love of money, pub. during his lifetime, is not included in this volume. He had genius and learning, and was a popular preacher ; was " master of nine languages, and conversant with Greek, Latin, French, and Spanish authors." Adams, JOHN, second President U.S., b. Braintree, now Quincy, Ms., Oct. 19, 1735; d. there July 4, 1826. H. U. 1755. His father was a selectman and farmer of limited means. He first taught school at Worcester, and be gan to study law ; though his early inclina tion was for the army. Returning to Braintree in 1758, he acquired a good practice, and in 1764 m. Abigail Smith, a woman of superior abilities and sense. He was the author of the Instructions of the Town of Braintree to its Representatives on the Subject of the Stamp Act, which were adopted verbatim by more than 40 towns. App. by the town of Boston, together with Gridley and Otis, to support a memorial addressed to the governor and council that the courts might proceed with business without stamps, Adams opened the case, boldly taking the ground that the Stamp Act was absolutely void, parliament having no right to tax the Colonies. Some papers writ ten by him at this time for the Boston Gazette were subsequently pub. as an " Essay on the Canon and Feudal Law." He moved to Bos ton in 1768; drafted the instructions to its rep resentatives; and in 1770 was chosen to the General Court, notwithstanding his defence ol Capt. Preston and his soldiers for the " Boston Massacre." He was from this time forward the chief legal adviser of the patriots, and a leader among them. Elected to the Provincial Council in 1773 and 1774, he was negatived by Gov. Hutchinson. Chosen a delegate to the Congress of 1774, he advocated resting colonial rights upon the law of nature as well as the law of England, and shaped the reso lutions thereupon. On his return, he was cho sen to the Provincial Congress. At this time, he wrote, under the signature of Novanglus, his reply to Massachusettensis, a series of ef fective papers in vindication of the course of Great Britain. An abridgment of them was pub. in Almon s "Remembrancer" for 1775 as " A History of the Dispute with America ; " and they have twice been repub. In the Con tinental Congress of 1775, he carried the prac tical measures of putting the Colonies in a state of defence ; adopting the N. E. army about Boston ; and also, to conciliate Virginia and the South, proposed Washington for the chief command. In Sept. he drew up, as one of the Committee of Naval Affairs, rules and regu lations, the basis of our existing Naval Code. He urged upon Congress to advise all the provinces at once to institute governments of their own, which was done. His views upon State governments were printed under the title of " Thoughts on Government Applicable to the Present State of the American Colonies." Placed on the Committee on the Declaration of Independence, and also on that of Foreign Relations, upon him devolved the task of battling the Declaration through Congress in a three-days debate. President of the Board of War, June 12, 1776-Dec. 1777, and was also chairman of the committee which decided appeals in admiralty cases from the State Courts. Appointed, Nov. 28, 1777, commis sioner to France to supersede Deane, he reached Paris Apr. 8, 1778, and finding a want of harmony between the commissioners, Franklin and Lee, advised intrusting the mis sion to a single person. Franklin having been made sole ambassador, he returned home in time to take a seat in the State convention for forming a constitution, and took a leading part in its formation. App. by Congress minister to treat with Great Britain for peace and com merce, he sailed for France in Nov. 1779. Vtr- gerines, the French minister, who distrusted him, finally obtained from Congress the recall of Mr. Adams s powers to negotiate a treaty of commerce, and the conjunction with him of several colleagues, of whom Franklin was one. In July, 1780, he went to Holland to negotiate a loan, and Apr. 19, 1782 was received as am bassador by the States-General, from whom he soon after obtained a loan of two million dollars, and with whom he made a treaty of amity and commerce. In Oct. he returned to Paris to assist in making the treaty of peace, and was chiefly instrumental in securing the fisheries to the U. S. With Franklin and Jay he negotiated a treaty of commerce with Great Britain. In the following winter, he negotiated another Dutch loan ; was com* missioned "with Franklin and Jefferson to form treaties with foreign powers, and in May, 1785, went as minister to the court of St. James. While at this post, he prepared his " Defence of the American Constitutions." Recalled in Feb. 1788, on his arrival home, he was re-appointed a delegate to Congress, but did not take his seat, having been elected Vice- President of the U.S., receiving the next high est number of votes to Washington in the first Presidential election. He sustained the policy of Washington, giving, as president of the senate, his casting-vote in many important measures. The French Revol., to which he was opposed, led him to write his " Discourses on Davila," in which he controverted the radical democ. doctrines of the day. Chosen president by a small majority over Jefferson for the term beginning Mar. 4, 1797, his ad ministration was vehemently opposed by the new party under the lead of Jefferson, called Republicans, who were friendly to the French Revol., while the Federal party were deter mined to preserve neutrality. The French Directory having issued decrees and orders highly injurious to American commerce, a na vy was set on toot, an army partly levied, with Washington for commander -in -chief; and a quasi war with France ensued. Commission ers Ellsworth, Davie, and Murray, however, succeeded in arranging the matters in dispute with Bonaparte, then just elected consul. The heavy taxes to meet the expenses of warlike preparations, the ill-advised Alien and Sedition Law, and the charge of being under British influence, countenanced by Hamilton, de stroyed Adams s popularity ; and in the follow ing election he received but 65 electoral votes, while Jefferson and Burr had 73 each. His subsequent life was passed in retirement at the homestead in Quincy. At the age of 85, he was chosen a delegate to the Convention to re vise the Constitution of Ms., and was request ed to preside, but declined. He lived to see his son President, and to receive Jefferson s congratulations upon it. By a remarkable coincidence, they both expired on the fiftieth anniversary of that Declaration of Independ ence in which they had both taken so active a part. His dau. Abigail m. Col. Wm. S. Smith, his secretary of legation in Lon don. He wrote for the Boston Patriot many valuable contributions to the history of his times, a portion of which, entitled " Corre spondence," was pub. 8vo, 1809. His Letters to Mr. Tudor led to the publication of the Life of Otis, and shed much light on the early his tory of the Revol. His grandson Charles Francis Adams has pub. his collected writ ings, including his "Autobiography." Among his other publications are " Twenty-six Let- ers on the American Revolution, written in Holland in 1780;" "Correspondence with W. Cunningham," 1823 ; and Letters on Gov ernment to Samuel Adams," 1802. Though courteous in manner, Mr. Adams was some what irritable in temper. Adims JOHX, maj.-gen. C.S.A., b. Tenn. 1825; killed at the battle of Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864. West Point, 1846. Entering the 1st dragoons, he was brevetted 1st lieut. for gallantry at Santa Cruz de Resales, Mar 16, 1848 ; capt. Nov. 30,1856 ; had seen consid erable Indian fighting in Utah and N. Mexi co; resigned Mar. 31, 1861, to join in the Re bellion. Adams, JOHN QUINCY, sixth President of United States, b. Braintree, July 11, 1767 ; d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 23, 1848. H. U. 1787. Son of Pres. John Adams. He re ceived his name of " Quincy " from his mater nal grandfather, an influential citizen, who died just as his grandchild was born. In Feb. 1778, he accompanied his father in his mission to France, occupying himself, until his return in Aug. 1779, in studying the French and Latin languages ; enjoying the special favor and friendship of Franklin. In Nov. he made a second visit to France, and resumed his stu dies, which were subsequently pursued at Am sterdam and at the U. of Lcyden. In 1781, at the age of 14, he accompanied Mr. Dana to Russia as private sec. In 1782, he spent some time in Stockholm, Copenhagen, and Hamburg ; accompanied his father to England, and, in 1784, to Paris ; returning home early in 1785. After graduating at Harvard with disting. honor, he studied law with Theophilus Parsons, and practised at Boston, obtaining distinction as a political writer. Under the signature of "Publicola," in 1791, he advo cated neutrality with France; suggesting doubts of the favorable issue of the French Revol. From 1794 to 1801, he was suc cessively minister to Holland, England, and Prussia, receiving in 1798 a commission to negotiate a treaty of commerce with Sweden ; and residing in Berlin from Nov. 1797, to Apr. 1801, when he was recalled. While here, he wrote his " Letters from Silesia." July 27, 1797, he m. Louisa, dau. of Joshua Johnson, consul at London, and niece of Thos. John son gov. of Md., and judge of the U. S. Su preme Court. In 1802, he was in the senate of Ms., and was in that of the U.S. from 1803, until, in 1808, he resigned on account of dis agreement on the question of embargo with the Ms. legisl. His course in this matter led to a serious controversy between him and his colleague Timothy- Pickering. From 1806 to 1809, he was prof* of rhetoric at H. U. Min ister to Russia 1809-14, his influence at that court induced its offers of intervention, which culminated in the treaty of peace between Eng. and the U. S. He was one of the com missioners to negotiate that treaty at Ghent in 1814; after the signing of which, he, with Gallatin and Clay, negotiated at the court of St. James a commercial treaty with Great Britain, signed July 13, 1815. He remained in London as resident minister until Mar. 1817. While at St. Petersburg in 1811, he was app. a judge of the U. S. Supreme Court, but declined. A series of letters to his son on " The Bible and its Teachings," was written at this period. From 1817 to 1825, he was Sec. of State to President Monroe, whom he succeeded as President in 1825. In 1831, he was sent to Congress, where he was continued, by successive re-elections, until his death, which occurred suddenly in the Capitol. His last words were, " This is the last of earth : I am 8 content." As a scholar, his attainments were various and profound. Congress devolved upon him the duty of pronouncing the eulo- gium upon Lafayette ; and he also pronounced at Boston the funeral-orations upon Madison and Monroe. As Sec. of State, the claims on Spain were by his influence adjusted ; Florida was added to the Union ; and the republics of S. America recognized. Mr. Adams s adminis tration favored the application of all the super fluous revenues of the country to internal improvements. The fearless stand which he maintained in Congress upon the right of petition was in the highest degree honorable to him. He looked upon slavery as an un mitigated curse. His voice was heard on nearly every important question before the House. When more than fourscore, he was yet " the Old Man Eloquent." Independent, manly, and patriotic, he never swerved from what he believed to be the path of duty ; leav ing behind him a high reputation for purity and disinterestedness. In 1810, his "Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory " were pub. ; " Let ters on Freemasonry/ in 1833; "Dermot MacMurrough," a poem, 1832; and, in 1848 " Poems of Religion and Society." A Memoir by Josiah Quincy was pub. in Boston, 8vo, 1858. Adams, MATTHEW, writer, of Boston, d. Mar. 2, 1749. He was a merchant or trades man, and had a large collection of books. Dr. Franklin acknowledges his obligations for ac cess to his library. He contrib. essays to the New-England Journal, and pub. some poetical essays. His son JOHN, minister of Durham, N.H., 1748-78, b. June 19, 1725 ; d. June 4, 1792. H. U. 1745. Rev. HUGH, minister of Durham, bro. of Matthew. H. U. 1697, d. 1750. See Drake s Boston, pp. 634, 675. Adams, NATHANIEL, author, b. Ports mouth, N.H., 1756 ; d. Exeter, Aug. 5, 1829. Dartm. Coll. 1775. He began the study of law with Gen. Sullivan ; but, before the ex piration of his term, was app. clerk of the N.H. Superior Court, and for more than fifty years officiated in the courts of the State. He was the reporter of the first vol. of " Decisions of the N.H. Court," pub. 1819, and author of " Annals of Portsmouth," 1825 ; one of the founders of the N.H. Hist. Society. Adams, NEHEMIAH, D.D., Cong, clergy man, b. Salem, Ms., Feb. 19 1806. H. U. 1826 ; And. Theol. Sem. 1829. Settled as col league with Rev. Dr. Holmes of the First Church, Cambridge, Dec. 17, 1829, and since Mar. 26, 1834, has been pastor of the Essex- st Church, Boston. Many years an officer of the Amer. Tract Soc. and of the A. B. C. F. M. An eloquent and earnest preacher. Dr. Adams took an active part in the Uni tarian controversy, and has pub. " Remarks on the Unitarian Belief;" "The Friends of Christ," 1851 ; " Autobiog. of Thos. Shepard," &c., 1832; "Life of John Eliot," 1847; " Southside View of Slivery," 1854, present ing a favorable view of the institution ; " Cor respondence with Gov. Wise of Va." on the tame subject ; occasional discourses, &c. He was a frequent contributor to the Spirit of the PUgriws, Bo.ston, 1826-33. Adams, SAMUEL, one of the foremost of the Revol. patriots, b. Boston, Sept. 27, 1722; d. there Oct. 2, 1803. H. U. 1740. LL.D. 1792. Samuel and Pres. John Adams were great-grandsons of the son of Henry, the first emigrant. His father, Samuel, many years a rep. in the Ms. Assembly, d. 1747. He studied for the ministry. On receiving the degree of A.M. in 1743, he proposed, and took the af firmative in the discussion of, the question, " Whether it be lawful to resist the supreme magistrate, if the commonwealth cannot other wise be preserved ? " About the same time he pub. a pamphlet called Englishmen s Rights. Unsuccessful as a merchant, as a writer he soon became eminent, preserving by his efforts the estate of his father, which had been at tached on account of the " Land Bank Bub ble." His able writings in opposition to the administration of Shirley procured him public esteem and confidence. App. tax collector, his political opponents styled him " Samuel the Publican." He was a member of a politi cal club which originated important meas ures ; fomented hostility to the Stamp Act, the tea-duty, and other aggressive measures; and drew up the instructions of the town of Bos ton in May, 1764, to its representatives, against Grenville s schemes of parliamentary taxation. Elected a representative in 1765, he was chosen clerk, and for nearly ten years was the soul of that assembly. Courageous and ardent, he was yet prudent, and knew how to bend the passions of others to his pur pose. He is said to have suggested the congress which assembled at N. Y. in 1765. In conse quence of the act imposing duties, in 1767, Adams suggested the non-importation agree ment, which took effect Jan. 1, 1769. On the day following the " massacre " of Mar. 5, 1770, he addressed a public meeting with impressive eloquence, and was chairman of the committee to demand of Gov. Hutchinson the immedi ate removal of the troops. The stern and in flexible patriot carried his point, and clearly exposed the fallacy of Hutchinson s reply to the demand. Committees of correspondence were in 1772 first adopted by Ms., on motion of Adams ; and the plan was followed by all the provinces. To Gov. Gage s overture to him to make his peace with the king, he re plied, " I trust I have long since made my peace with the King of kings. No personal considerations shall induce me to abandon the righteous cause of my country." He was one of those who matured the plan of a general congress; was one of the first delegates ; and was an active member from Sept. 5, 1774, to 1781, rendering most important services to his country. The last official act of the British Government in Ms. was to proscribe John Hancock and Samuel Adams, June 12, 1775. He was one of the earliest and most zealous ad vocates of independence, which he had avowed as early as 1769, and which he wished to have declared immediately after the battle of Lex ington. With John Adams he made the draft of the State Constitution, 1779, and also the address of the convention to the people. Pres ident of the senate of Ms. in 1781. Member of the convention which adopted the Federal 9 -AJDIE Constitution in Feb. 1788, though objecting to some of its provisions : some of his amend ments, afterwards agreed to, now form a part of that instrument. Lieut-gov. of Ms. 1789- 94; gov. 1794-7. His only son, Samuel, b. Oct. 27, 1741 (H.U. 1770), studied medicine under Dr. Joseph Warren, served as a surgeon during the war, and d. Jan. 17, 1788. Though poor, Samuel Adams possessed a lofty and in corruptible spirit, was pure in morals, and grave and austere in manner, though warm in his feelings. An enthusiastic love of liberty, an inextinguishable hatred of tyranny, great promptness of decision, and inflexible firmness, were his prominent characteristics. His Revol. services were not surpassed by those of any in dividual. From the commencement of the dis putes, he was incessantly employed, writing State papers from 1765 to 1774, planning and organizing clubs and committees, haranguing in town-meetings, or filling the columns of the public prints adapted to the spirit and temper of the times. As a speaker, he was pure, con cise, logical, and impressive ; and the energy of his diction was not inferior to the depth of his mind. Jefferson attributed to him a greater share than to any other member of Con gress in advising and directing its measures in the northern war. He was jealous of all delegated power, even in the hands of a Washington. He was a warm admirer of the French Revol., and belonged to the Republi can or Jeffersonian party. His wife, Elizabeth, dau. of Rev. Samuel Checkley, whom he m. Oct. 17, 1749, was a most exemplary woman. Adams pub. a Letter to the Earl of Hillsborough, a Letter in Answer to Thomas Paine, in Defence of Christianity, and an Oration in 1776. Four Letters on Government were pub. in pamphlet form in 1800. See Life and Public Services, with extracts from his writings, edited by his grandson, William V. Wells. 3 vols. 8vo, 1866. Adams, SETH, inventor, b. Rochester, N.H., Apr. 13, 1807. Apprenticed to a cabi netmaker; removed to Boston in 1828; worked in a machine-shop; began business for him self in 1831 ; in 1833 became interested in the printing-press invented by his bro. Isaac ; erected a new machine-shop in 1836, and em barked largely in manufacturing the new press, and established the firm of I. & S. Adams, which continued until 1856, with great pecuniary profit. In 1849 he began the busi ness of sugar-refining; and in 1859 built in So. Boston an establishment for this purpose, which is one of the most noteworthy in the world. He has been a member of the city council and of the board of public works. M. A. of Bowd. Coll., to which he gave a con siderable sum for the enlargement of their buildings; d. Boston, Dec. 6, 1873. Adams, WILLIAM, D.D. (N. Y.U. 1842), LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1869) ; b. Colchester, Ct., 1807. Yale Coll. 1827. His father, John Adams, LL.D., principal of the Colchester Acad., and afterward of that at Andover, Ms., d. Jacksonville, 111., Apr. 24, 1863, a. 90. Yale Coll. 1795. At 27 he left his N. E. parish to visit the South for his health, became pastor of the Broome-st. Church, N. Y. (1835-53), and has since been pastor of the New School Pres byterian Church, cor. 24th St. and Madison Ave., N.Y. City. Besides sermons, Dr. Adams has pub. " The Three Gardens, Eden, Geth semane, and Paradise." Adams, WILLIAM T., "Oliver Optic," writer of juvenile books, b. Medway, Ms., July 30, 1822. 20 years a teacher; for 6 years he was principal of the Boylston and Bowditch Schools, Boston. He has pub. " Boat Club," " Woodville," and " Army and Navy " series, 6 vols. each ; " Riverdale/ 12 vols. ; " Young America Abroad," 6 vols., and " Starry Flag," 6 vols. These have been pub. by Messrs. Lee & Shepard, Boston, and have attained great popularity. He has for some years edited Oli ver Optic s Magazine for Boys and Girls. Adams, WINBORN, Kevol. officer of Dur ham, N.H., mortally wounded at the battle of Stillwater, Sept. 19, 1777. Capt. 2d N. H. regt., 1775 ; maj. in 1776 ; lieut.-col. in Reid s regt. in the spring of 1777. Adams, ZABDIEL, minister of Lunenburg, Ms., b. Braintree, Nov. 5, 1739; d. Mar. 1, 1801. H. U. 1759. Ord. Sept. 5, 1764. His father was uncle to Pres. John Adams. Ab. 1774, he pub. a pamphlet maintaining that a pastor had a negative upon the proceedings of the church. Some ministers, in consequence of embracing this doctrine, lost their parishes. He pub. sermons on "Church Music," 1771 ; " Christian Unity," 1772 ; " Election Sermon," 1781 ; on Apr. 19, 1783, and at the ordination of E. Whipple, 1788. Addington, ISAAC, sec. of the province of Ms., b. Jan. 22, 1645, in Boston ; d. there Mar. 19, 1715. Son of Isaac Addington, sur geon, by Anne, sister of Gov. Leverett, and was bred to his father s profession. Member of the house of representatives and speaker in 1685; an assist, in 1686; was one of those who opposed the administration of Sir Edmund Andros, and on its overthrow, Apr. 1689, was chosen clerk of the Council of Safety, to whom the government was committed by the people. Sec. from his appointment in 1690 till his death, a period of nearly 26 years. Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1693 to 1702, and chief justice of the Superior Court in 1702-3. He was many years chosen to the council, and was successively clerk, registrar, and judge of the Probate Court of Suffolk; holding the latter office from 1702 till 1715. He was as remarkable for his modesty as for his great integrity, wisdom, and industry. Addison, ALEXANDER, a disting. lawyer of Pittsburg, Pa., b. 1759 ; d. Nov. 24, 1807. He was judge of that circuit 12 years; was an accomplished scholar and a cultivated writer. He pub. "Observations on Gallatin s Speech," 1798; "Analysis of the Report of a Commit tee of the Va. Assembly," 1800; " Penn. Re ports," 1800. Adet (a da ), PIERRE AUGUSTUS, French politician and chemist, b. Paris, 1763; d. ab. 1 832. Brought up in the artillery service, he quitted it to devote himself to the study of the sciences, but, engaging in politics, was success ively chief of the administration of the Colo nies, member of the council of mines, colleague of the minister of marine in 1793, resident at Geneva in 1794, ambassador to the U. S. in 10 1795-7; was afterward called to the tribunate; prefect of the Nievre in 1803; chosen to the senate in 1809, and to the chamber of deputies in 1814, as a constitutionalist. He pub. some chemical works. In 1796, he presented to con gress, on the part of the French nation, the tri- colored flag, and in 1797 sent to the Sec. of State the famous note in which the Directory declared that the flag of the republic would treat all neutral flags as they permitted them selves to be treated by the English, a decla ration regarded by our government as contrary to the tenor of the treaty of 1778. Adet then suspended his functions, and returned to France. Adler, GEORGE J., Ph.D., author, b. Leip- sic, Germany, 1821 ; d. Bloom ingdale Insane Asylum, N.Y., Aug. 24, 1868. U. of N.Y. 1844. He came to the U.S. in 1833 ; was prof, of German at the U. of N.Y. from 1846 to 1854, and, until he lost his reason in 1860, was a teacher, and writer of text-books. Among his works are a German grammar, 1846; a reader, 1847; a dictionary, 1848, and a manual of German literature*, 1853 ; a Latin grammar, 1858 ; translations of the " Iphigenia" of Goethe, and a history of Proven9al Poetry, by C. C. Fauriel, 1860; notes on the Agamemnon of JEschylus, 1861 ; and his last, a " Review of Natha n the Wise," in Putnam s Magazine for Sept. 1868. He delivered lectures in N.Y. on " Roman Literature" in 1862, and in 1864 on Goethe s " Faust." His " Letters of a Luna tic" appeared in 1854. Adrain, ROBERT, LL. D., mathematician, b. Carrickt ergus, Ireland, Sept. 30, 1775; d. N. Brunswick, N.J., Aug. 10, 1843. He taught school. Was dangerously wounded in the Irish rebellion of 1798, in which he command ed a company ; escaped pursuit, and, arriving in N.Y., taught school successively at Prince ton, N.J., York and Reading, Pa., and was a contributor to a scientific journal pub. in N.Y., and to the Annalist in Phila. ; prof, of mathe matics and natural philosophy in Rutgers Coll. in 1810-13, and in Col. Coll. in 1813-25; from 1827 to 1834 was prof, of mathematics in the U. of Pa., and also vice-provost; and after wards engaged in teaching in N.Y. He was a member of many scientific bodies in Europe and America ; edited an improved edition of " Hutton s Mathematics," also a periodical, the Mathematical Diary, in 1825-8, and pub. papers on " The Figure and Magnitude of the Earth," and on " Gravity" in the periodicals of the day." Agassiz (a -ga-see), Louis JOHN RU DOLPH, naturalist, b. in the parish of Motiers, near Lake Neufchatel, Switzerland, May 28, 1807. Of Huguenot descent : his father was pastor of St. Imier. He studied at Bienne and the Coll. of Lausanne, at the Zurich medical school (1824-5), and at the universities of Heidelberg and Munich, besides attending, for four years, Schilling s lectures on philos ophy. He aided Martius in his great work on Brazil, and, by the help of Cotta the pub lisher, was enabled to complete his " Natural History of the Fresh Water Fishes of Europe." Receiving at Erlangen the degree of Ph. D., and at Munich that of M. D., he next studied the fishes of the Danube, and gave seven years to the study of fossil fishes. He was enabled by Christenat, a friend of his father, to prose cute his studies in Paris, and was offered bj Cuvier all his own collections. Returning in 1832 to Neufchatel, he was app. prof, of natural history there. The liberality of Humboldt enabled him to pub. his great work on " Fossil Fishes," 5 vols. (1834-44), with a folio atlas. He arrived in Boston in 1846, intending to study the natural history and geology of the country, and lectured there on the animal kingdom and on the glaciers. Returning in the summer of 1847 from a journey south, Prof. Bache, superintendent of the U. S. Coast Survey, tendered him its facilities for the con tinuance of his labors, of which offer he availed himself, and has since resided in Cambridge, Ms. Prof, of zoology and geology in the Lawrence Scientific school, Cambridge, since its foundation in 1848; in which year he made, with some of his pupils, a scientific explora tion of the shores of Lake Superior. In 1850, he spent the winter upon the reefs of Florida. While prof, of comp. anatomy in the Charles ton (S. C.) Med. Coll. (1852-4), he studied the marine animals of that coast. In 1865, he explored Brazil, the results of which, " A Journey in Brazil," by Mrs. Agassiz, was pub. 1867, and another vol., by C. F. Hartt, in 1870. In 1861, he received the Copley Medal from the Royal Society of London. From the Acad. of Sciences, Paris, he has received the Monthyon Prize, for experimental philos., and the Cuvier Prize ; the Wollaston medal from the Geolog. Soc., Lond. ; and the Medal of Merit from the King of Prussia. Member of the leading scientific bodies, and contributor to the prominent scientific journals of Europe and America. LL.D. of the Universities of Dublin and Edinburgh. His researches upon the glaciers of the Alps are embodied in "Etudes sur les Glacieres," 1840, and " Sys- teme Glaciale," 1847. Among his works are "Lake Superior," 8vo, 1850, and "Contri butions to the Natural Hist, of the U. S.," of which four vols. only have yet appeared ; " Methods of Study in Natural Hist. ; " Geo logical Sketches," "The Structure of Animal Life," 8vo, 1862; and "Twelve Lectures on Comparative Embryology," before the Lowell Institute, Boston, 1849 ; d. Dec. 14, 1873. Agate, FREDERICK S., artist, b. Sparta, N.Y., 1807; d. N.Y. City, May, 1844; visited Italy in 1835 ; was an assiduous student in art, but d. without leaving any works of very great interest. Of those he left, the best known are, " Dead Christ and Mother," " Co lumbus and the Egg," " The Ascension," and " Count Ugolino." Agnel, HYACINTH R., teacher of French at West Point Milit. Acad. since Feb. 4, 1840, b. N. Y.; d. West Point, N. Y., ab. Feb. 15, 1871. Author of a "Treatise on Chess," 1867, and "Tabular System of French Instruction." Agnew, JAMES, a British gen., killed at the battle of Germantown, Oct. 4, 1777. Maj. 58th Foot, Dec. 1757; lieut.-col. 44th, Dec. 1764 ; came to Boston late in 1775 ; was engaged at Brooklyn Heights, Aug. 27, 1776 ; when, as well as in the following campaign, 11 he com. the 4th brigade of the royal array. He com. a detachment under Gov. Tryon, in his exped. to Danbury, Apr. 26, 1777, and was at the battle of Brandy wine, where he was slightly wounded by a cannon-ball. Aguirre (a-ger -ra), LOPE DE, a Spanish adventurer. He went to Peru during the exped. of Orsua, in quest of the imaginary Eldorado (1560-61), a history of which has been written by Southey, and committed great atrocities. He prompted Orsua to seize su preme power, then killed him to obtain his place ; and from that time committed frequent murders. He d. by violence in Venezuela. Ahuitzol, emperor of the Aztecs ab. the close of the 15th century, is said to have en larged his empire, and to have expended large sums in building canals and public edifices in Mexico. Tradition says, that, in 1486, he in augurated a temple by the slaughter of 72,344 prisoners, the butchery lasting 43 days. Aiken, WILLIAM, statesman, b. Charleston, S.C., 1806. S. C. Coll. 1825. After travelling for some time in Europe, he returned in 1829, and in 1830 became the proprietor of Jehossee Island, 30 miles south of Charleston, where he employed 1,000 negroes, and cultivated near 2,000 acres of rice. Member of the State legisl. in 1838-40; State senator in 1842; governor in 1844-6; and representative to Congress from 1851 to 1857. A Democrat of the Cal- houn school : he was supported by that party in Congress for the speakership, and lacked but one vote. He has contrib. largely to the local enterprises of that region, making large donations to the Orphan Asylum of Charles ton, and contrib. to the endowment of the Charleston Coll. and other public institutions of his native city. He took no part in the Rebellion. Aikman, ALEXANDER, loyalist editor, b. Scotland, 1755 ; d. Prospect Pen, St. Andrews, Jamaica, July, 1838. At 16, he emigrated to Charleston, S.C., and was apprenticed to Rob ert Wells, printer. He left the country at the Revol., and settled in Jamaica, where he estab lished the Jamaica Mercury, afterward the Royal Gazette. He was many years a member of the House of Assembly, and printer to that body and to the king. In 1795, he sailed for Great Britain, but was captured on the pas sage, and compelled to ransom his property. Sabine. Aillebout, Louis D , gov. of Canada 1647-51 ; d. Quebec, 1660. He came to Cana da with colonists for the Island of Montreal ; administered its government in the absence of Maisonneuve ; was afterward gov. of Three Rivers, and, while gov. of Canada, endeavored, unsuccessfully, to form a combination with the N.-England governors to stop the encroach ments of the Iroquois. Morgan. Ainslie, HEW, poet, b. Baugeny Mains, Carrick District, Ayrshire, Scotland, Apr. 5, 1792. He received a good education, and in his 17th year went to Glasgow to study law, but,disliking the pursuit, obtained a situation in the Register House, Edinburgh, passing some of his time at Kinniel House, as the amanuen sis of Dugald Stewart, and left it in 1822 to emigrate to the U. S. He landed at N. Y. City July 26, and purchased a small farm in Hoosic, N.Y. In 1825, he removed to the West, tried New Harmony one year, and, finding it a fail ure, settled down as a brewer at Shippingport, Ky. In 1829, he built a brewery in Louisville, which was ruined by an inundation of the Ohio in 1832. Another in New Albany, Ind., was destroyed by fire in 1834. He has since em ployed himself in superintending the erection of breweries, mills, and distilleries, at the West, and is a resident of Louisville, Ky. On the eve of his departure from Scotland, Ainslie pub. "A Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns," a volume of notes interspersed with numerous songs and ballads suggested by a visit to his early home in Ayrshire. These, with his other songs, ballads, and poems, which originally appeared in various maga zines, were pub. in 1855; d. Mar. 12, 1878. Ainsworth, LABAN, minister of Jaffrey, N.H., b. Woodstock, Ct., July 19, 1757; d. Jaf frey, N.H., Mar. 17, 1858. Dartm. Coll. 1778. Son of Capt. Wm. Ainsworth. Ord. first pastor of the church at Jaffrey, Dec. 10, 1782, he continued 49 years without a colleague, and was pastor over the same people 76 years. He retained his bodily and mental powers so as to participate at the public services at the church, celebrating his 100th birthday. Aitken, ROBERT, printer and bookseller, b. Scotland, 1734; d. Phila., July, 1802. He came to Phila. in 1769 ; pub. the Pennsylvania Magazine , or Am eri can Monthly Museum, from Jan. 1775 to June, 1776, with Hopkinson and Witherspoon for contributors, and, for his at tachment to the cause of liberty, was thrown into prison in 1777, and narrowly escaped a resi dence in the prison-ships of N. Y. In 1782, he pub. the first American edition of the e, by He is the supposed author of "An Inquiry Bible, by which he was pecuniarily a loser. concerning the Principles of a Commercial System for the U.S.," 1787. Akerly, SAMUEL, M. D., physician, b. 1785; d. Staten Island, July 6, 1845. Col. Coll. 1804. He studied medicine with his bro.- in-law, S. L. Mitchell. Besides being a large contributor to medical and scientific journals, he was a founder and most efficient supporter of the institutions for the deaf and dumb, and for the blind. Author of " Essay on the Geol ogy of the Hudson River," 1820; "Observa tions on Deafness," 1821. Akerman, AMOS T., U.S., atty.-gen., app. Jan. 15,1870, b. N.H. 1819 ; adm. to the bar in 1841; removed to Elberton, Ga. in 1850; U.S. atty. for Georgia, 1866-70. Akers, BENJAMIN PAUL, sculptor, b. Sac- arappa, Me., July 10, 1825; d. Phila., May 21, 1861. At 18 he went to Portland, where he worked in a printing-office ; but the sight of Chantrey s statue of Washington in the State House, Boston, led him to become a sculptor. In 1849, he opened a studio in Portland, and modelled busts of Longfellow, and others. In 1851-2, he visited Italy, and, on returning to Portland, modelled a statue of " Benjamin in Egypt," which was exhibited at the N Y. Crystal Palace in 1853. During a subsequent visit to Washington, he produced busts of Judge McLean, Edward Everett, Gerrit Smith, AT. A 12 and Sara Houston. In Jan. 1855, he again visited Europe, residing two years in Rome, where he produced his " Una and the Lion," a statue of " St. Elizabeth of Hungary," the " Dead Pearl-Diver," and an ideal head of Milton, his last, and perhaps his best produc tion in Rome. In 1859, he revisited Rome, where he modelled a statue of Com. M. C. Perry for the N.Y. Central Park. On return ing to America in 1860, he established himself first in Portland, and then in Phila., where he died of consumption. He executed about 40 portrait busts and statues, besides some mar ble copies from the antique. He contrib. papers on art and artists to the Atlantic Month ly. His wife, Elizabeth Akers, has contrib. to juvenile literature under the pseudonym of " Florence Percy." A vol. of her poems was pub. in Boston in 1866. Alaman (a-la-man ), DON LUCAS, Mexican statesman, b. in the State of Guanaxuato ; d. Mexico, June 2, 1855. Educated at the Coll. of La Minerva, he entered the Mexican army soon after the breaking-out of the war of independence. Soon relinquishing the mil itary profession for that of the law, he devoted himself assiduously to politics. After the de position of Iturbide, Alaman became minister of foreign affairs ; retiring on the return of the former in 1824. He then visited Europe; but upon the overthrow of Guerrero in Dec. 1829, at the invitation of Bustamente, he re sumed his former office. Out of a state of the greatest confusion, under his hands, the country soon emerged to a settled and orderly condition ; and, during the years 1830-31, Ala- man effected many useful reforms. He intro duced European machinery, encouraged indus trial undertakings, and established a bank for the encouragement of those engaged in man ufactures. Santa Ana, however, believing Alaman to be interfering with his plans, suc ceeded in driving him from public life. He re-appeared in 1837, upon the return of Busta mente to power; and afterwards became recon ciled with Santa Ana, who, Mar. 17, 1853, on again coming into power, conferred on him the office of minister for foreign affairs. Alarcon. HERNANDO DE, a Spanish navi gator of the 16th century, to whom we owe the first precise knowledge of California. He sailed May 9, 1540, in the service of Spain; missed a junction with the exped. of Corona- do on the western coast of America, and, re turning to New Spain in 1541, drew up his maps and observations. His discoveries and those of Ulloa were so complete, that the map of California of 1541 differs little from that made in our own day. Alarcon y Mendoza (a-lar-kon e m6n- dd-tha), DON JUAN Ruiz DE, a celebrated Spanish-American poet, b. of a noble family at Tashco, Mex. ab. 1600. He was employed in Spain in 1622 ; and in 1628 is named Rela- tor del real Consejo de las Indias. At a celebrat ed fete in Madrid in 1634, he was a competi tor, and bore off the prize, for a dramatic com position. A writer in the Nouvelle Biographie Universelle (Ferd. Denis) calls him " The great est poet that America has yet produced." His comedies were pub. Madrid 1 628 ; a second vol. in Barcelona, 1634. Some of his pieces have since been repub. in some Spanish collet, tions; d. in Spain in 1639. Alcott, AMOS BRONSON, teacher and philosopher, b. Wolcott, Ct., Nov. 29, 1799. While a boy, he was a vender of merchandise in a small way among the plantations of Va. On his return to Ct., he taught an infant school; removed to Boston in 1828, and ac quired reputation as a teacher of young chil dren at the Masonic Temple. ( See " Record of a School," E. P. Peabody, Boston, 1834.) Mr. Alcott then removed to Concord, interest ing himself in the study of natural theology, and the various questions of reform in educa tion, diet, civil and social institutions. On his return from Eng. in 1842, he brought with him two of his English friends, Charles Lane and H. G. Wright; and Mr. Lane having bought a farm called " Fruitlands," at Harvard, Ms., they all went there to found a new com munity. Messrs. Lane and Wright soon re turned to Eng., and the scheme was aban doned. Mr. Alcott removed to Boston, and has led the life of a peripatetic philosopher, conversing in cities and in villages, whenever invited, on theoretical and practical questions. He attaches great importance to diet, and gov ernment of the body, and to race and complex ion. Author of " Tablets," pub. in 1868, and " Conversations with Children on the Gospels," 2 vols., 1836. LOUISA MAY ALCOTT, his dau., is the author of "Little Women," " The Old- fashioned Girl," " Moods," " Hospital Sketch es " (1863), " Aunt Joe s Scrap Bag." and " Little Men." Alcott, WM. ALEX., M.D., physician and author, cousin of A. B. Alcott, b. Wolcott, Ct., Aug. 6, 1798; d. Auburndale, Ms., Mar. 29, 1859. Educated at a district school, he sup ported himself until 25 by farming and teach ing. His health being poor, he studied medi cine at Yale Med. School., practised physic a few years, and in 1832 engaged with William Woodbridge in preparing school-geographies and in editing " The Annals of Education " and " The Juvenile Rambler." He wrote upon school reforms in the Hartford and N. Haven papers, gaining a premium from the American Institute of Instruction for his article on the y Construction of Schoolhouses." Abandon ing animal food and all drinks but water in 1830, his health gradually improved. Remov ing to Boston in June, 1833, he engaged in various reforms in morals, education, and physi cal training, having for his object the preven tion of vice, disease, and poverty, and the dis semination of physiological knowledge. He lectured in different parts of the country. He pub. above 100 works, among them " Young Man s Guide;" "The House I Live In;" " Young Woman s Guide ; " " Young House keeper ; " " Library of Health," 6 vols. ; " Moral Reform ; " " My Progress in Error ; " " Young Mother ; " " Young Husband ; " " Young Wife ; " and " Prize Essay on To bacco." Alden, EBENEZER, M.D., b. Randolph, Ms., Mar. 17, 1788. H. U. 1808. M.D., U. ofPenn. 1812. Practices medicine in R. Au thor of " Alden Memorial," 1867; "Memoir 13 AT,T) of Mrs. M. A. O. Clark," 1837 ; and " Hist. Sketch of Ms. Med. Soc.," 1838. Aldeil, ICHABOD, col. Revol. army, b. Dux- bury, Ms., Aug. 11, 1739; d. Nov.* 10, 1778. His father, Capt. Samuel (d. 1781, a. 92), was grandson of John, one of the original settlers of Plymouth. Ichabod was lieut.-col. of the Plymouth regt. before the Revol., lieut.-col. of L. Baldwin s regt. at the siege of Boston, and col. 7th Mass. regt. until slain by the Indians at Cherry Valley. Aldeh, JAMES, rear-admiral U. S. N., b. Portland, Me., Mar. 31, 1810. Midshipman Apr. 1, 1828; lieut. Feb. 25, 1841 ; commander, Sept. 14, 1855 ; capt. Jan. 2, 1863 ; commodore, July 25, 1 866. Attached to Wilkes s exploring exped. in 1839-42. During the Mexican war was at Vera Cruz, Tuspan, and Tobasco ; com. steamer "South Carolina" early in 1861 ; re- enforced Fort Pickens ; attacked the batteries in the rear of Galveston, and captured 13 schoon ers laden with merchandise; com. steam-sloop " Richmond " at the passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip and capture of N. Orleans ; at the passage of the Vicksburg batteries twice ; at Port Hudson, 1862-3; com. steam-sloop " Brooklyn " in the action with Forts Morgan and Gaiiies and rebel gunboats in Mobile Bay ; and in the two attacks on Fort Fisher. He took part in nearly all the great naval battles of the war, and was honorably mentioned in the offi cial reports. App. in Apr. 1869 chief of the bu reau of navigation, rear adm. July 1871. Alden, JOHN, Pilgrim, b. England, 1599 ; d. Duxbury, Ms., Sept. 12, 1687. He was hired as a cooper at Southampton, where " The Mayflower " victualed, signed the compact in her" cabin in 1620, and ab. 1621 m. Priscilla Mullens. He was many years an assist, to the governor ; and by his wisdom, integrity, and decision attained a commanding influence over his associates, although the youngest of the Pilgrims. Alden, JOSEPH, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1838), LLD. (Coll. Col. 1857), b. Cairo, N.Y., Jan. 4, 1807. Un. Coll. 1829. He studied 2 years at the Princeton Sem. ; was 2 years tutor in Princeton Coll. Ord. pastor at Williamstown, Ms., JulyS, 1834; prof, in Williams Coll. from Aug. 1835 to 1852; prof, of moral philos. in Lafayette Coll., Pa. 1852-7 ; pres. of Jeffer son Coll., Pa., 1857-67; and, since 1867, pres. of the N.Y. State Normal School. Author of numerous Sabb. -school books, " Elements of Intell. Philos.," " Science of Government in Connection with American Institutions," and " Christian Ethics." At one time editor, and long a contributor to the N. Y. Observer. Al den Memorial. Alden, ROGER, maj. Revol. army, b. Leb anon, Ct., 1748 ; d. West Point, Nov. 5, 1836. Y. C. 1773. Some time aide to Gen. Greene ; agent of the Holland Land Co., residing at Meadville, Pa., from 1795 to 1825; ordnance storekeeper at West Point from Jan. 20, 1825, till his death. Alden, TIMOTHY, D.D., Cong, clergyman and educator, b. Yarmouth, Ms., Aug. 28, 1771; d. Pittsburg, Pa., July 5, 1839. H. U. 1794. Son of Rev. Timothy of Yarmouth (H. U. 1762 ; d. Nov. 13, 1828). He was fromNov. 20, 1799, to Aug. 11, 1805, minister of Ports mouth, N.H., where he taught school from 1800 to 1803, and in 1810-17 taught in the acad. at Newark, N.J. Removing to N.Y., he prepared and pub. his collection of Epitaphs in 5 vols. 1814, and while teaching in Bos ton, in 1808-10, made the valuable Catalogue of the Library of the N. Y. Hist. Society. He next removed to Meadville, Pa., where he founded Alleghany Coll., of which he was first pres. (inaug. July 28, 1817), and for which he collected a valuable library. Want of patron age caused his withdrawal from the college Nov. 11, 1831 ; and he resumed educational labors in Cincinnati in 1832, and in 1834 took charge of an acad. at East Liberty, near Pitts- burg, Pa. He pub. " An Account of Sundry Missions among the Senecas," N.Y. 12mo, 1827; " New-Jersey Register," 1811 and 1812; Alleghany Magazine, 1816 ; " History of the Pine-Creek Ch.," 1839. During the year be fore his death, he preached as stated supply to the people in Sharpsburg. Sprague: At- den Memorial. Alden, TIMOTHY, inventor of a machine for setting and distributing type, b. Barnsta- ble, Ms., 1819; d. N.Y., Dec. 4, 1858. He was 6th in descent from John Alden, the Mayflower Pilgrim. When very young, and a compositor in his bro. s printing-office, he said, " If I live, I will invent a machine to do this tiresome work." He steadily pursued this object, and after 20 years labor accomplished it. It was improved after his death by Henry W. Alden. Aldrich. JAMES, poet, b. near the Hud son, Suffolk Co., N.Y., 1810; d. N.Y., Oct. 1856. Educated partly in Orange Co., and partly in N.Y. City. In 1836 he quitted mer cantile for literary pursuits. He edited sev eral popular periodicals, and in 1840 estab lished the Literary Gazette, in which first appeared many of the poems which established his reputation. One of these, "A Death-Bed Scene," is familiar to most readers. He sub sequently engaged again in business under the style of Aldrich & Barton. See Specimens of his poetry in Griswold s "Poets and Poetry of America." Aldrich, THOMAS BAILEY, poet, b. Ports mouth, N.H., Nov. 11, 1836. He passed his youth in La. ; was 3 years in a counting-house in N. Y. ; then became " reader " for a large publishing-house ; and was afterward a writer for the N. Y. Evening Mirror, and an editor on The Home Journal, and Saturday Press. He has contrib. many poems and prose sketches to Putnam s Monthly, The Knickerbocker, Harp er s Monthly, and the Atlantic. His writings have been reprinted in Lond. He pub. " The Bells," 1854 ; " Daisy s Necklace," 1856 ; " The Ballad of Baby Bell, and other Poems ; " " The Course of True Love," &c , 1858; "Pampinea, and other Poems," 1861 ; "Out of his Head," a prose romance, 1862; "Poems," 1863 and 1865; "The Story of a Bad Boy," 1869. Duyckinck. Aldridge, IRA, a mulatto actor of merit, b. at Bellair near Bait., Md., 1804; .1. Lodz, Polonia, Aug. 7, 1867. Entering in . 826 the service of Edmund Kean, he is said to have 14 accompanied him to Eng., where he stud ied for the stage. He subsequently made an unsuccessful attempt at the Mud Theatre, Bait., but shortly afterwards returned to Eng. He made his de but at the Royalty Theatre, Lond., as Othello ; met with striking success at once ; and though, in Eng., he was pre ferred in such plays as " Othello," " Merchant of Venice," "Zanga," "Orozemba," " Pizarro," " Hugo," c., he was generally regarded as one of the ablest and most faithful interpret ers of Shakspeare s best characters. He first appeared at Coven t Garden Theatre, Apr. 10, 1833, as Othello. At Belfast, Ireland, he played Othello to Kean s lago, and also Orozemba to his Alboin. Upon the Continent, where he performed in the principal cities, he received tokens of high approbation. The King of Prussia wrote him an autograph-letter accom panying the first-class medal of art and sci ence. The Emperor of Austria conferred on him the grand cross of Leopold ; and at Berne he received the medal of merit in the shape of a magnificent Maltese cross. His wife was a white woman. Alemany, JOSEPH SADOC, C.S.D., K. C. archbishop of California, consec. bishop of Monterey, June 30, 1850; made archb p. July 29, 1853. Alexander, ABRAHAM, chairman of the famous Mecklenburg Convention in May, 1775 ; d. near Charlotte, N.C., Apr. 23, 1786, a. 68. He was a magistrate of Mecklenb. Co., and represented it irTthe colonial legisl. Alexander, ARCHIBALD, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1810), Presbyterian divine, b. Rockbridge Co., Va., Apr. 17, 1772 ; d. Princeton, N.J., Oct. 22, 1851. His grandfather, Archibald, came from Ireland to Pa. in 1736, removing ab. 1738 to Va. At the age of 10, he was sent to the acad. of Rev. Wm. Graham at Timber Ridge meeting-house. At the age of 17, he became tutor in the family of Gen. John Posey. He studied theology ; was licensed Oct. 1, 1791 ; and was for seven years an itin erant missionary in his native State. Succeed ing Dr. Smith in the presidency of Hampden Sidney Coll. in 1796, he resigned that, and also his pastoral charge, in 1801. In 1802, he m. Janetta, dau. of the celebrated blind preacher, Dr. Waddel, and resumed his former position at Hampden Sid. Coll., but, ow ing to the insubordination of the students, accepted a call from the Pine-st. Church, Phila., where he was installed pastor, May 20, 1807. From 1811 to his death, he was prof, of the theological semin y at Prince ton. Author of " Outlines of the Evidences of Christianity," 1823 ; " Treatise on the Can on of the Old and New Testament," 1826; " Lives of the Patriarchs," 1835 ; "Essays on Religious Experience," 1840; "History of African Colonization," 1846 ; " History of the Log College," 1846; "Advice to a Young Christian ; " " Bible Dictionary ; " " Counsels of the Aged to the Young," 1833; "Brief Compendium of Bible Truth ; " " History of the I^raelitish Nation," in 1852; "Moral Sci ence," 1852; a Memoir of his old instructor, Mr. Graham ; a " History of the Presbyterian Church in Va. ; and biographical sketches of distinguished American clergymen and alumni of the college of N.J. He also con tributed to the Biblical Repertory and other periodicals, and left a number of works in manuscript. (See his life by his son, Dr. J. W. Alexander. N. Y., 1 854. ) Sprague. Alexander, BARTON STONE, brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A., b. Ky. 1819. West Point, 1842. 2d lieut. Eng. Corps Sept. 30, 1843; capt. July 1, 1856 ; brev. maj. July 21, 1861, for Bull Run ; brev. lieut.-col. May 4, 1862, for siege of Yorktown ; maj. Eng. Corps Mar. 3, 1863; lieut.-col. Mar. 7, 1867; brev. brig. -gen. Mar. 13, 1865, for merit, services in the Rebellion He has been much engaged in the construction and repairs of forts, and in the erection of Mi not s Ledge Lighthouse, 1855-61 ; was a.d.c., rank of lieut.-col., on the staff in Va. during the Rebellion, and was consulting eng r in Sheri dan s army, Shenandoah Valley, Va., and present at the battle of Cedar Creek, Oct. 9, 1864. Outturn. Alexander, CALEB, D.D., clergyman and scholar, b. Northfield, Ms., 22 July, *1755 ; d. Onondaga, N.Y., April 12, 1828. Y. Coll. 1777. Minister of New Marlboro 1781-2, and of Mendon from Apr. 12, 1786, to Dec. 7, 1802. Not succeeding in the attempt to es tablish a college at Fairfield, N.Y., he took charge of an acad. at Onondaga. He pub. Latin and English grammars ; an " Essay on the Deity of Christ," 1796 ; " Grammar Ele ments ; " a translation of Virgil into literal English prose, Worcester, 1796 ; " Columbian Dictionary," 1800; Arithmetic, 1802, and " Young Ladies and Gentlemen s Instruc tor." Sprague. Alexander, EDMUND B., col. U. S. A., b. Va. ab. 1802. West Point, 1823. Asst. Q.- M., rank of capt., 6 Dec. 1833 ; capt. 3d Infy. July 7, 1838 ; com. his regt. in Mexico in 1847 ; maj. 8th Infy. Nov. 10, 1851 ; col. 10th Infy. Mar. 3, 1855. Brev. for Cerro Gordo, Contreras, and Churubusco. In the spring of 1863, he was ordered to St. Louis as acting- asst. provo.-marshal-gen. Brev. brig.-gen. Oct. 18, 1865. Retired Feb. 22, 1869. Alexander, JAMES, sec. of the province of N.Y., b. Scotland; d. N.Y. Apr. 2, 1756. In 17 15, he came to America in consequence of the part he had taken in favor of the Pretender, accompanied by Wm. Smith, afterward chief- justice of N.Y. He was the first recorder of Perth Amboy in 1718, but, having served as an officer of engineers in Scotland, was made sur veyor-gen, of N.J. and N.Y. He devoted his leisure to the study of the law, in which he at tained eminence; was many years a member of the legisl. and council ; was deputy-clerk of the council in 1719, attorney -gen. in 1721-3, naval officer 1723-33 ; was a particular friend of Gov. Burnet, and by his industiy and abil ities acquired great wealth. One of the coun sel for Zenger, the printer, he was arbitrarily excluded from the bar on that account in 1735, but, on a change of administration, was re stored in 1737. A stanch advocate of liberal principles, he lost his life by repairing to Al bany while suffering from severe illness, to op pose a ministerial project oppressive to the colony. He, with Franklin and others, founded 15 the Amcr. Philosophical Society. He was the father of Wm. Alexander, commonly known as Lord Stirling, and presumptive heir to the earldom of Stirling Alexander, JAMES WADDELL, D.D., an eloquent Presb. clergyman and author, b. near Gordonsville, Louisa Co., Va., Mar. 13, 1804; d. at the Va. Springs, July 31, 1859. N.J. Coll. 1820. Eldest son of Dr. Archibald. Tu tor in N.J. Coll. in 1824. He was a minister in Charlotte Co., Va., from 1825 to 1827; in Trenton, N.J., from 1829 to 1832, and of the Duane-st. Church, N.Y. City, from 1844 to 1851, when he was elected pastor of the Fifth- ave. Church. Editor of the Presbyterian news paper pub. in Phila. from 1830 to 1833 ; prof, of rhetoric and belles-lettres in N.J. Coll. in 1833-44; and from 1849 to 1851 prof, of ecclesiastical history and church government in the theological sem. at Princeton. The degree of D.D. was conferred on him by La fayette Coll. Pa., in 1843, and by H. Coll. in 1854. He pub. a vol. of sermons entitled " Consolation; " "Thoughts on Family Wor ship ;" " The Amer, Mechanic and Working- man ;" a biography of his father, Dr. Archibald Alexander; "Discourses on Christian Faith and Practice," 1858; a vol. of "Sacramental Discourses," and " Gift to the Afflicted ; " "Geography of the Bible," 1830; "Plain Words to a Young Communicant," 12mo; " Amer. Sunday School and its Adjuncts," Phila., 1 856 ; numerous contributions to the Bib lical Repertory and Princeton Review, and some of the publications of the American Tract Society. He wrote for the Literary World under the signature of " Caesariensis." After his death, 2 vols. of his letters were pub. by Dr. Hall of Trenton. Alexander, JOHN HENRY, chemist and physicist, b. Annapolis, Md., 1812; d. Balti more, Mar. 2, 1867. In 1850, he pub. a " Uni versal Dictionary of Weights and Measures," of standard authority. In 1857, he was com missioner to England on international coin age, and, in the summer of 1866, was app. by Pros. Johnson a commissioner to the Paris Exhibition, but was taken fatally ill just before he was ab. to set sail. He had held many positions of honor and trust, and was learned on the subject of weights and meas ures and coins. Author of " Treatise on Math ematical Instruments," &c., 8vo, 1835; " Treat ise on Levelling by F. W. Simms, with large additions/ 8vo, 1838; "Contributions to the History of the Metallurgy of Iron," 1840; " Introits, or Ante-Communion Psalms," 12mo, 1844 ; " Reports on Standards of Weights and Measures for Md.," 8vo, 1846 ; " Catena Domi nica," Phila. 12mo, "Reports on the new Map of Md.," 1838-40; "International Coinage/ 8vo, Oxfcn-d, 1857. Various papers by him are in the scientific journals of Europe and the U.S. A memoir by Wm. Pinkney, read before the Md. Hist. Society, was pub. Baltimore, 8vo, 1867. Alexander, JOSEPH ADDISON, D.D., a learned divine and author, b. Phila. Apr. 24, 1809; d. Princeton, N.J., Jan. 28, 1860. N.J. Coll. 1826. Son of Dr. Archibald. From 1830 to 1833, he was adjunct prof, of ancient languages and literature in his alma mater, and was prof, of biblical criticism and ecclesi astical history at Princeton Theol. Sem. from 1838 to 1852, when he was transferred to the chair of biblical and ecclesiastical history, which he held till his death. He received the degree of D.D. from Marshall Coll., Pa. His works are "A Translation of and Commen tary on the Psalms," 3 vols. ; " A Critical Commentary on the Prophecies of Isaiah," and an abridgment of the same ; a vol. on primitive church government, and numerous essays in the Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review. He subsequently aided Dr. Hodge in preparing a commentary on the New Testa ment. He was an excellent linguist. See a memoir by H. C. Alexander, 1869. Alexander, DR. NATHANIEL, gov. of N. C. 1805-7, b. Mecklenburg, 1756; d. Salis bury, Mar. 8, 1808. Princeton Coll. 1776. He served in the Revol. army, and afterward practised medicine at the High Hills of Santee and Mecklenburg. He was several years a member of the legisl. andM.C. 1803-5. Alexander, STEPHEN, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1852), astronomer, b. Schenectady, N.Y., Sept. 1, 1806. Un. Coll. 1824 ; Princeton Theol. Sem. 1832. Tutor in N.J. Coll. in 1833, ad junct prof, of mathematics from 1834 to 1840, prof, of astronomy from 1840 to 1845, of mathematics from 1845 to 1854. He has since that period held the professorship of mechan ics and astronomy. Author of many scien tific papers, some of which have been trans lated and pub. in Europe. Among them is one on the " Physical Phenomena attendant upon Solar Eclipses," one on " The Funda mental Principles of Mathematics," one on "The Origin of the Forms and the Present Con dition of some of the Clusters of Stars," on " The Form and Equatorial Diameter of the Asteroid Planet," and also on the " Harmo nies in the arrangement of the Solar System." In 1860, he led an exped. to the coast of Lab rador to observe the solar eclipse of July 18. Alexander, WILLIAM, first earl of Stir ling, created earl in 1633, b. 1580; d. Lond., Feb. 1640. Through the friendship of Sir Fer- dinando Gorges, Sir Wm. received, Sept. 10, 1621, a patent, embracing the whole territory of Acadia, which was confirmed to him and his heirs by King James, and erected into a pala tinate to be holden as a fief of the crown of Scotland. It resulted, however, only in losses and disappointments. He was knighted in 1613. Charles I. founded the order of Nova- Scotia baronets in Scotland to further the settlement. Sir Wm. was subsequently made sec. of State for Scotland, and created Viscount Canada. He was a poet of some merit. His uncle, John Alexander, was the ancestor of Lord Stirling of the Revol. army. He developed his colonization scheme in a pamphlet, " An Encouragement to Colonies," 1625 ; " The Map and Delineation of N. Eng land," &c., 1630. Alexander, WILLIAM, " Lord Stirling," maj.-gen. Revol. army, b. N.Y. City, 1726; d. Albany, 15 Jan. 1783. Son of Sec. James Alexander. He received the best education the country afforded ; became the partner in 16 business of his mother, the widow of David Provost ; joined the commissariat of the British army, and, attracting the notice of Gov. Shirley, was for three years his aide-de-camp and pri vate sec. Accompanying Shirley to Eng. in 1755, he was examined before the House of Commons in 1757, and commenced the prosecution of his claim to the earldom of Stirling, in which he was unsuccessful. Soon ifter his return in 1761, he m. the dau. of Philip Livingston. He succeeded his father as surveyor-gen., and, until the Revol., was a member of the prov. council. A prominent patriot, he was app. a col. in 1775, and Mar. 1776, was commis. brig.-gen. by Congress. When Gen. Lee left for the South, Stirling was left in command at N.Y. His bravery was conspicuous at the battle of Long Island, 27 Aug. 1776, and he was made prisoner, but was soon exchanged. Maj.-gen. Feb. 1777. Disting. at Brandywine and at Ger- mantown, where he com. the reserve. At Monmouth, he com. the left wing, and so lisposed his command as to aid in the success if the day. In 1781, he took command at Albany. He aided in founding a library for his native city in 1754, and in the founding of King s, now Col. Coll. His youngest dau. m. Col. Wm. Duer. He pub. " An Account of the Comet of June and July, 1770," in Am. Philos. Coll., and " The Conduct of Maj.-Gen. Shirley Briefly Stated." He was convivial in his habits, and dignified in his appearance, and displayed considerable scientific attainments. See Life of Lord Stirling by his grandson, Wm. A. Duer, in N.J. Hist. Coll. Alexander, WILLIAM, of the U. of Penn., author of " Poetical Works," and sketch of his life. Phila., 1847. Alford, JOHN, founder of the professor ship of natural religion, moral philosophy, and civil polity in Harvard Coll., bap. July 5, 1685 ; d. Charlestown, Ms., Sept. 29, 1761. He had been a member of the colonial council. His executors divided his bequest for " charitable uses " equally between Harvard Coll., Prince ton Coll., and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Indians. To the latter $10,675 was paid in 1787. Alger, CYRUS, iron-founder, b. W. Bridge- water, Ms., 1782 ; d. Feb. 4, 1856. He com menced early in life the business of an iron- founder at Easton, but in 1809 established himself in South Boston ; made many improve ments in the art of casting, and was partic ularly celebrated for the excellent cannon which were made at his establishment. He was prominent in various projects beneficial to South Boston. He was liberal and charitable, was a member of the city council the first year of its organization, and alderman in 1824 and 1827. Alger, REV. HORATIO, jun., author, b. N. Chelsea, Ms , Jan. 13, 1834. H.U. 1852 ; Camb. Theol. School 1860. From 1852 to 1857, he was a teacher, and wrote for the Boston and N.Y. press. In 1861, he made a European v tour. From 1861 to 1864, he was a private tutor at Cambridge. Dec. 8, 1864, he was ord. over a Unitarian Church at Brewster, Ms. He pub. "Bertha s Christmas Vision," 1855 ; " Nothing to Do, a Tilt at our Best Society," a poem, 1857; "Frank s Campaign; or, What Boys Can Do," 1864; "Paul Preston s Charge," 1865 ; and has contributed a number of poems to Harper s Weekly and other period icals. Alger, WILLIAM ROUNSEVILLE, clergy man and author, b. Freetown, Ms., Dec. 30, 1822. Camb. Theol. School, 1847. In that year he became minister of a Unitarian society at Roxbury,and in 1855 exchanged for a similar charge in Boston. He now preaches at the Music Hall, Boston. He pub. " A Symbolic History of the Cross of Christ," 1851 ; " The Poetry of the East," 1856. His chief work is " A Critical History of the Doctrines of a Future Life," with a Complete Bibliography of the Subject, by Ezra Abbot, 1864. He also edited with an introduction, in 1858, " Studies of Christianity by James Martineau." Contrib. to the Christian Examiner and other periodicals. Duyckinck. Alison, FRANCIS, D.D., Presb. divine and scholar, b. Lac, Donegal Co., Ireland, 1705 ; d. Phila. Nov. 28, 1779. U. of Glas gow. He came to America in 1735; was pastor of a church at New London, Pa., until 1752, when he took charge of an acad. in Phila. He had previously taught school at New London, and was the tutor of many of the eminent men of the Revol. From 1755 until his death, he was vice-provost, and prof, of moral philosophy of the College of Phila., and pastor of the First Church. In Aug. 1758, he was chaplain to Col. Byrd s exped. to Fort Cumberland. He received the degree of D.D. from the U. of Glasgow in 1758. By his will he freed all his slaves. May 24, 1758, he preached before the synods of N.Y. and Pa. a sermon, entitled " Peace and Unity recommended." Sprague. Allan, COL. JOHN, Revol. patriot, b. Edinburgh Castle, Scotland, Jan. 13, 1746 ; d. Lubec, Me., Feb. 7, 1805. Wm. his father, a retired British officer, emigrated to Nova Scotia in 1749. John engaged in agricultural and mercantile pursuits near Fort Cumberland ; became a justice of the peace, clerk of the Supreme Court, and was a member of the Provincial Assembly in 1770-6. Sympathizing with the Americans in their struggle for liberty, he secured to them the friendship of the Indian tribes in his vicinity, and applied personally to Congress, who app. him superintendent of the Eastern Indians and a col. in the army in Jan. 1777. The authorities of N. S. offered a reward of 100 for his apprehension ; and during the struggle, his house was burned and his wife kept for months in prison at Halifax. Col. Allan rendered great service to the patriot cause, and, with his Indian allies, protected the exposed north-eastern frontier. In 1784, he settled in Maine. He received from the govt. of Ms. 22,000 acres of wild land (now the town of Whiting) in 1792, and in 1801, in consequence of losses incurred by him in the war, a grant from Congress of 2,000 acres in Ohio, where Columbus now stands, but then of little value. See " Military Ope rations in Eastern Maine and Nova Scotia," by Frederic Kidder. AT/T. 17 Allen, REV. BENJAMIN, rector of St. Paul s Church, Phila. ; d. at sea on his return from Europe, Jan. 27, 1829. Author of " Hist, of the Church of Christ," 2 vols. 1833. Editor of the Christian Magazine. See Memoir by his brother, Phila., 1832. Allen, CHARLES, LL.D. (H. U. 1863), ju rist and statesman, b. Worcester, Ms., Aug. 9, 1797; d. there Aug. 6, 1869. Adm. to the bar in 1818, he began practice at New Brain- tree, but soon removed to Worcester. Many years a member of the State legisl. ; member of the North-eastern Boundary Commission in 1842; Judge C. C. P. 1842-4; chief-justice Suf folk Co. Sup. Court 1858-9, and of the Mass. Sup. Court 1859-67; M. C. 1849-53. One of the founders of the Free Soil party; editor of the Boston Whig, afterwards called the Re publican. An influential member of the Const. Conv. of 1853, and a delegate to the Peace Congress in 1861. A sound lawyer, and an able and upright judge. He rec d an hon. degree from Y. C. in 1836. State senator in 1835, 1838 and 1839. Allen, DAVID OLIVER, D.D., missionary, b. Burre, Ms., 1804; d. Lowell, Ms., July 17, 1863. Arab. Coll. 1823. After working on a farm, and teaching, he studied at the And. Theol. Sem., and in Sept. 1827, went to Bom bay. There he labored until his return in June, 1853; and in 1856 pub. a " History of India." From 1856 to 1860, he preached at Wen ham and other places. MYRA his wife d. Bombay, Feb. 5, 1831. He contrib. extensive ly to journals in India and America. Member of the " Royal Asiatic " and " American Ori ental " societies. Allen, EBENEZER, Revol. soldier, and one of the founders of Vt. ; d. 1805. He was at the capture of Ticonderoga and Mount Defi ance, and disting. himself in the battle of Ben- nington. Rogers. Allen, EPHRAIM W., printer, and 30 years editor of the Newburyport Herald, b. about 1 780; d. Mar. 9, 1846. Allen, ETHAN, Revol. soldier, b. Litchfield, Ct., Jan. 10, 1737; d. Burlington, Vt., Feb. 12, 1789. His parents removed to Cornwall, and subsequently to Salisbury ; where, in 1762, Ethan was one of the proprietors of the iron v furnace. Of six: brothers who received the bare rudiments of education, four emigrated in 1772 to the territory west of the Green Mountains, where Ethan had preceded them in 1766, and where they became renowned in the border feuds and in the Revol. struggle. This territory called " The New-Hampshire Grants," was claimed by N. Y. ; but the settlers, under the lead of Allen, seconded by Seth Warner and Remember Baker, resisted their sheriffs and constables, and held them at bay, until the Revol. turned the efforts of all in another direction. During this controversy, several pamphlets were written by Allen, and in his peculiar manner, which were well suit ed to the state of public feeling, exhibiting the injustice of the claims. The State of N. Y. declared Allen an outlaw, and offered a re ward of 150 for his capture. Immediately after the battle of Lexington, a plan for the capture of Ticonderoga was matured in Hart ford; and Edward Mott and Noah Phelpswith 16 men were joined by Cols. Eastou and Brown at Pittsfield, and "by Allen at Benning- ton, who was chosen to command. At Castle- ton, they were joined by Arnold, who had been commissioned by the Massachusetts Commit tee to raise 400 men for the same object, and who, it is said, accompanied the expedition as a volunteer. They arrived at the lake oppo site the fortress, on the evening of May 9 ; and at daybreak, Allen, with 83 men, surprised the garrison, and captured the stronghold with all its valuable stores. The capture of Cro\\ n Point by Col. Warner the same day, and of a sloop-of-war soon after, gave them the mastery of Lake Champlain, and gave a brilliant dat to the opening of the war. His success as a partisan, occasioned his being twice despatched into Canada, during the .fall of 1775, to gain over the Canadians to the American cause. In the last of these expeditions, he undertook, in conjunction with Col. Brown, the capture of Montreal. Crossing the river with 110 men on the morning of Sept. 25, he was attacked by a large force, before Col. Brown could ef fect a junction, and made prisoner. He was put in irons, and treated with great severity by Gen. Prescott ; then sent to Eng., and treated with extreme cruelty on the passage, bv Brooke Watson. After three weeks con finement in Pendennis Castle, he was, in Jan. 1776, sent to Halifax; and, five months after, was removed to N. Y. He experienced great kindness from the captain ; and, while on the passage, his refusal to join in an attempt to seize the vessel, prevented the execution of the plan. May 6, 1778, he was exchanged for Col. Camp bell, returned to Vt., where he was received with honors, and given the command of the militia ; receiving also from Congress the com mission of lieut.-col. in the Continental Army. A fruitless attempt was made by the British, through Beverley Robinson, to bribe him to lend his support to a union of Vt. with Cana da, the only result of which was, that, by feigning negotiations, Allen was able to secure the neutrality of the British towards his moun taineers until the close of the war. As a member of the State legisl. and a special dele gate to Congress, he succeeded in his great ob ject, the ultimate recognition of Vt. as an independent State. Before the end of the war, he removed to Bennington, thence to Arling ton, and finally to the vicinity of Onion River, where he died. Two of his sons, gracltiates of West Point, became capts. of artillery. Be sides a narrative of his captivity, and some pamphlets on the Controversy with N. Y., he pub. in 1784 " Allen s Theology, or the Oracles of Reason," the first publication in the U. S. openly directed against the Christian religion. He was a brave, generous, and independent man, but was eccentric and ambitious. A Life by Hugh Moore was pub. Plattsburg, 12mo, 1834 ; "Ethan Allen, and the Green Mountain Heroes of 76," by H. DePuy, 8yo, Buffalo, 1853. There is also a memoir in Sparks s Amer. Biog., vol. i. Allen, HEMAN, LL.D., lawyer and politi cian of Colchester, Vt., b. Poultney, Vt., Feb. 23, 1779; d. Highgate, Vt., Apr. 9, 1852. Dartm. Coll. 1795. Son of Maj. He her, and nephew of Ethan Allen. He adopted the pro fession of the law, was sheriff of Chittenden Co. in 1 808-9 ; chief-justice of the county court from 1811 to 1814; an active member of the State legisl. from 1812 to 1817 ; quartermaster of militia with the title of brigadier; and a trustee of the U. of Vt. M. C. 1817-18. U. S. marshal for the District of Vt. 1818-23. He was minister to Chili in 1S23-", and held the Presidency of the U. S. Branch Bank at Burlington, from 1830 until the expiration of its charter. Dartm. Coll. Alumni. Allen, HENRY, a religious enthusiast, b. Newport, R.I., June 14, 1748; d. Northamp ton, N.H., Feb. 2, 1784. He was settled at Falmouth, N. S., where he taught that our first parents were not corporeal before the Fall, that there will be no resurrection of the body, and that men are not bound to obey the ordi nances of the gospel. He pub. some treatises and sermons, and a book of lyrics. Allen, HENRY WATKINS, statesman and soldier, b. Prince Edward Co., Va., Apr. 29, 1820; d. city of Mexico, Apr. 22, 1866. His father, Dr. Thomas Allen, removed to Lexing ton, Mo. Disliking mercantile life, the son was placed in Marion Coll., but ran away two years after ; became a teacher at Grand Gulf, I.Ipi. ; studied law, and had attained a successful practice, when, in 1842, he raised a company for the Texan war. After its close, he returned, married, and in 184G was elected to the State legisl. He afterward settled on his estate at West Baton Rouge; and in 1853 was in the La. legisl. In 1854, he went to Cam bridge U. as a law-student. He visited Europe in 1859, one result of which was a volume of " Travels of a Sugar-Planter." Re-entering the legisl., he became a prominent, speaker, and, when Buchanan became Pres., left the Whig for the Democ. party. When the Rebellion broke out, he was made lieut.-col., and then col., of the 4th La., and afterward military gov. of Jackson. He was wounded at Shiloh, com. a brigade at Baton Rouge, where he was despe rately wounded ; was made brig.-gen. in Sept. 1864, but almost immediately after was elected gov. of La. In this position, he showed great ability, improving the finances of the State, encouraging manufactures, and enforcing the laws. At the close of the war, he took up his residence in Mexico, where he established the Mexican Times, which he edited until his death. See " Recollections of Henry \V. Allen," by Mrs. Sarah A. Dorse//. iV. F., 1867. Allen, IRA, one of the founders of Vt., b. Cornwall, Ct., Apr. 21, 1751 ; d. Phila., Jan 7, 1814. A younger bro. of Ethan, he went with him to Vt., and took part with him in the controversy with N.Y. He was an active patriot; was a member of the legisl. in 1776-7; a member of the convention which framed the constitution of Vt. in 1778; was sec. of State, and subsequently surveyor-gen., and treasurer, and member of the council. Upon Burgoyne s advance, Allen, then a mem ber of the Committee of Safety and a col. of militia, suggested the raising a regt. by the confiscation and sale of Tory property. It was soon raised, and, together with that of Col. Warner, did good service in the battle of Ben nington. With Messrs. Bradley and Fox, he was a commissioner to Congress in 1780-81, in behalf of Vt., and in opposition to the claims of neighboring States. In Apr. 1781, he was app. to settle a cartel, and also to agree to an armistice with the British troops in Canada, which was accordingly done. These politic measures brought about a final settlement of the difficulties with N.Y., whose claims were extinguished upon the payment of $30,000. In 1789, he drew up a memorial in favor of the establishment of the University at Burlington. In Mar. 1792, he was a delegate to the con vention which ratified the U.S. Constitution. In 1795, having become senior maj.-gen. of mi litia, he went to Europe to purchase arms for the supply of his State. On his way home with the muskets and cannon purchased of the French Republic, he was taken and carried to Eng., where, after a litigation of eight years in the Court of Admiralty, on the accusation of intending to supply the Irish rebels with arms, the case was decided in his favor. In 1798, he was imprisoned in France, and returned home in 1801. He was the author of a " Natural and Political History of Vermont," 8vo, London, 1798, and of " Statements Appended to the Olive Branch," 1807. Allen, ISAAC, lawyer and loyalist of Trenton, N.J. ; d. Frederickton, N.B*, 1806, a. 65. N.J. Coll. 1762. In 1782, he was lieut.- col. of the 2d batt. of N.J. Vols. One of the grantees of St. John, N.B., he held a seat in the council, and was a judge of the Supreme Court. iSabine. Allen, JAMES, clergyman, b. Eng., 1632; d. Boston, Sept. 22, 17*10. Fellow of New Coll., Oxford. Having been ejected for non conformity, he came to N.E. in 1662, with a high reputation as a scholar and divine, and was ord. Dec. 9, 1668, as colleague with Mr. Davenport in the First Church, Boston. In 1669, 17 ministers pub. their testimony against the conduct of Allen and Davenport in regard to the settlement of the latter. This contro versy between the 1st and 3d churches inter ested the whole Colony. The General Court having, in 1670, declared the conduct of those churches and elders who assisted in establish ing the 3d church illegal and disorderly, at its next session, some of the members being changed, the censure was taken off. Mr. Al len possessed great zeal and influence, and took a deep interest in Harvard Coll., of which cor poration he was several years a member. He pub. occasional sermons and essays on polemic divinity. Allen, JAMES, first minister of Brookline, Ms., b. Roxbury, 1692; d. Feb. 18, 1747. H. U. 1710. Ord. Nov. 5, 1718. In 1722, he pub. a "Thanksgiving Sermon," in 1727 a " Discourse on Providence ; " a " Fast Ser mon on the Great Earthquake in 1731." Allen, JAMES, poet, b. Boston, July 24, 1739; d. there Oct. 21, 1808. The son of a wealthy merchant, he studied at Harvard Coll. but left it at the end of the third year. His chief production, " Lines on the Massacre," written at the request of Dr. Warren, to ac company the oration which he delivered, waa 19 suppressed by the committee having the sub ject in charge, owing to suspicions of his polit ical faith. His friends, indignant at this treat ment, pub. it, with extracts from the " Retro spect," also by Allen, which they accompanied by a vindication of the author s political sound ness and poetical merits: pub. Boston, 1772. He also wrote a patriotic epic, entitled " Bun ker Hill," now supposed to be lost, and a few magazine pieces. Uwjckinck, Allen, COL. JOHN, b. Roekbridge Co., Va., Dec. 30, 1772; killed in battle of the River Raisin, Jan. 22, 1813. His father was an early settler in Ky. The son was educated at Dr. Priestley s acad. at Bardstown ; settled in the practice of law at Shelbyville in 1795, and at tained high rank in the profession. Early in 1 81 2, he raised a regt. of riflemen, part of which was in the action at Brownstown, Jan. 18, 1813. It formed the left wing of the American force at the disastrous battle of the River Rai sin. ColUns s Hist, of Kentucky. Allen, JOSEPH, b. Boston, Sept. 2, 1749 ; d. Worcester, Sept. 2, 1827. H. U. 1774. His mother was a sister of Samuel Adams. He was a merchant in Leicester, Ms., and an ac tive Whig ; a member of the State Const. Conv., 1778 ; clerk of Worcester Co. court from 1776 to 1810; M. C. 1811-13; council lor 1815-18 ; a founder and patron of Leicester acad. He went to Worcester 1776. Allen, JOSEPH, D.D. (H. U. 1848), b. Medtield, Ms., Aug. 15, 1790. H. U. 1811. Ord. 1814. He studied theology under Rev. Dr. Ware at Cambridge. Ord. minister of Northboro Oct. 30, 1816, died there Feb. 23, 1873. Del eg. to the Peace Congress at Paris in 1849. Author of " Hist. Account of North boro " in Worcester Mag., July, 1826 ; " Ser mon on Completing the 25th Year of his Min istry," 1841; "Centennial Discourse," 1846; " Memoir of Rev. Dr. Lathrop of Springfield," 1823; " Hist, of the Worcester Association," 1868; "Allen Genealogy," 1869. Allen, MOSES, minister of Medway, Ga., b. Northampton, Ms., Sept. 14, 1748; d. Feb. 8, 1779. N. J. Coll. 1772. Ord. at Christ s Church parish, near Charleston, S.C., Mar. 16, 1775; resigned June 8, 1777, and established himself at Medway. His emigrant ancestor, Samuel, d. Windsor, Ct, 1648. An ardent patriot, he became obnoxious to the British, who dispersed his society, and burned his meeting-house. Made prisoner at the capture of Savannah, and put on board a prison-ship, he was drowned in attempting to escape to the shore. Allen, PAUL, editor and poet, b. Providence, R.I., Feb. 15, 1775; d. Baltimore, Aug. 18, 1826. B.U. 1796. After studying law, he went to Phila., where he wrote for the Portfolio and U.S. Gazette. In 1801, he pub. a small vol. of poems, superintended the publication of" Lewis and Clarke s Travels," in 1814 ; and projected a " Life of Washington," and obtained a great number of subscribers, but from indolence made no effort to fulfil the obligation he had in curred. Successively editor of the Federal Re- pnbhcan, the Journal of the Times, and a con tributor to the Portico, a magazine, he sank into poverty, and was for a time insane. He final ly became editor of the Morning Chronicle, al Baltimore, which he conducted until his death. In 1819, a history of the Arner. Revol. appeared in his name, but really written by John Neal, and another friend, named Watkins. Allen contrib. a portion of the preface. His poem of " Noah," pub. in 1821, was judiciously re duced from 25 to 5 cantos, by his friend Neal. He also pub. a " Life of Alexander I.," 1818. Allen, PHILIP, politician, b. Providence, R.I., Sept. 1, 1785; d. there Dec. 16, 1865. B. U. 1803. He was long and successfully en gaged in the cotton manufacture in R.I. ; was a member of the State legisl. in 1819-21 ; gov. of R.I. 1851-3 ; and U.S. senator, 1853-9 ; pres. of the U.S. Branch Bank, 1827-36. He constructed the first Watt and Boulton steam- engine in Providence. Allen, PHIXEAS, editor, b. Northampton, Ms., Aug. 11, 1776 ; d. Pittsfield, Ms., May 8, 1860. Son of Rev. Solomon. After serving an apprenticeship in the office of the Hampshire, Gazette, he established, Sept. 16, 1800, the Pitts- field Sun, which he continued 60 years. He was often in the State legisl. Allen, RICHARD L., agriculturist, b. Hamp- den Co., Ms., Oct. 1803 ; d. Stockholm, Sweden, Sept. 22,1869. He was a merchant in N.Y., but impaired health led him to farming on a tract on the Niagara River, in 1832. In 1842, with his bro., A. B. Allen, he founded the American Agriculturist, contributing, co- editing, and publishing 14 years; when the brothers relinquished editing to carry on the agricultural-implement business, which became very extensive. He pub. " The American Farm-Book," 8vo, 1856 ; a valuable treatise on " The Diseases of Domestic Animals," 1 848 ; " American Agriculture," and " American Farmer s Muck- Book," 18mo. At the time of his death, he was making the tour of Northern Europe. Allen, COL. ROBERT, soldier and politi cian, b. Augusta Co., Va., 1777 ; d. near Car thage, Tenn., Aug. 19, 1844. Bred a merchant, he settled in Carthage about 1804, and was many years clerk of the county court. He commanded a regt. in the War of 1812, serving under Jackson with honor and credit. He was a member of Congress in 1819-27. Allen, ROBERT, brig.-gen. vols., b. O. West Point, 1836. Entering the 2d Art., he was made 1st lieut. July 7, 1838; assist.-quarter- master, May 11, 1846; brev. maj. for gallant and merit, conduct at Cerro Gordo, Apr. 18, 1847; quartermaster of Twiggs s division in the Valley of Mexico; capt. Oct. 19, 1847 ; maj. May 17, 1861 ; aide-de-camp, rank of col, Feb. 19, 1862; brig.-gen. May 23, 1863. He was stationed at St. Louis, where his services were of the greatest value during the Rebellion, since which he has been chief quartermaster div. of the Pacific; brev. maj.-gen. March 13, 1865 for merit, services in the Rebellion ; col. and assist, quartermaster-gen. July 28, 1866. Allen, SAMUEL, gov. of N.H. ; d. New Castle, May 5, 1705, a. ab. 70. A merchant of London, he bought into Mason s patent ic 1691 ; and was gov. in 1691-9. His purchase brought to him and his heirs only embarrass ment and contention. His son Thomas con- 20 tinned to agitate his claim, which was contested by various persons. The final verdict in 1707 being against him, he appealed ; but his death in 1715, before the appeal was heard, put an end to the suit. Allen, SAMUEL CLESSON, politician, b. Ber- nardston, Ms., Jan. 5, 1772; d. Northfield, Ms., Feb. 8, 1842. Dartm. Coll. 1794. He was from 1795 to 1798 pastor of a Cong, church in Northfield ; afterward practised law in Green field and Northfield ; was in the legisl. in 1806- 10; State senator, 1812-15 and 1831; M.C. 1817-29; and executive councillor, 1829-30. Afterward lecturer on political economy in Amh. Coll. He delivered a eulogy on Dr. Wheolock, pres. of Dartm. Coll. 1817, and an oration, July 4, 1806. Dartm. Coll. Alumni. Allen, REV. SOLOMON, b. Northampton, Ms., Feo. 23, 1751; d. N. Y., Jan. 20, 1821. He with four of his brothers served in the Revol. army ; Moses and Thomas as chaplains. At the time of Andre s capture, he was a lieut. and adj., and conveyed him to Lower Salem. Lieut. Allen then proceeded to West Point to deliver to Arnold the letter from Col. Jameson, his commander, which enabled the traitor to es cape, by giving him the in formation so essential to his safety. After the war, in which he rose to the rank of maj. he was actively employed in quelling the insurrection of Shays. At the age of 50, though his education had been scanty, he became a preacher, and was exceed ingly* successful. His labors were performed in the western part of Ms. and the State of N. Y., in a country newly settled, and whose in habitants were mostly poor. Allen, THOMAS, minister of Charlestown, Ms., b. Norwich, Eng., 1608 ; d. there Sept. 21, 1673. He grad. at Cambridge ; was minister of St. Edmund s ; was silenced by Bp. Wren in 1636, for refusing to read the "Book of Sports," as required of the clergy ; and in 1638 came to Boston. He preached at Ctiarlestown from that time till 1651, when he returned to Norwich, continuing his ministry until ejected in 1662, but continued to preach till his death. While in this country, he pub. an ! Invitation to Thirstv Sinners to come unto their Saviour." He also* pub. "The Scripture Chronology," 1659; " Way of the Spirit in bringing Souls to Christ ; " and several sermons upon " The Necessity of Faith." Eliot. Allen, THOS., minister of Pittsfield, Ms., from Apr. 18, 1764, to his death, Feb. 11, 1810. H. U. 1762. Bro. of Moses and Solomon, b. Northampton, Jan. 17. 1743. A chaplain in the Revol. army at White Plains and atTicon- deroga. He was conspicuous at the battle of Bennington, and was one of the first to enter the German breastwork. He visited Eng. in 1799. He took an active part in the political discussions of his time. He pub. some ser mons. Sprague. Allen, WILLIAM, chief-justice of Pa., 1 750- 74, and a distinguished friend of literature and the arts; d. Eng., Sept. 1780. Son of Wm., an eminent merchant of Phila., who d. 1725. His wife was a dau. of Andrew Hamilton, whom he succeeded as recorder of Phila. in 1741. He was a patron of West the painter*, and co operated with Fianklin in establishing the Coll. of Phila. Being a loyalist, lie with drew to Eng. in 1774. He pub. mLond., 1774, " The American Crisis," suggesting a plan for restoring the dependence of America. His son ANDREW succeeded Mr. Chew as attorney-gen., and after being a member of Congress and of the Committee of Safety, together with his bros. John and William, put himself, at the close of 1776, under the protection of Gen. Howe at Trenton. This son d. in Lond., Mar. 7, 1825, a. 85. His bro. WILLIAM had been a lieut.-col. in the Continental service, but in 1778 raised a regt. of Pa. Loyalists. He was noted for wit, good humor, and for affable and gentlemanly manners. Sabine. Allen, WILLIAM, D.D. (D. C. 1820), cler gyman and author, b. Pittsfield, Ms., Jan. 2, 1784 ; d. Northampton, Ms., July 16, 1868. H.U. 1802. Son of Rev. Thomas. After being licensed in 1804, he preached for some months in various places in the western part of N.Y. While a regent in Harvard Coll. he prepared the first edition of his "American Biographical and Historical Dictionary," pub. in 1809. The second edition of this work appeared in 1832 ; the third, in 1857. In 1807, he prepared the lives of Amer. ministers for Rev. David Bogue s "History of the Dissenters." In Oct. 1810, he was ord. pastor of the church in Pittsfield, as his father s successor. In 1812, hem. Maria M., dau. of Pres. John Wheelock. He was made pres. of Dartm. Coll. in 1817, and from 1820 to 1839 was pres. of Bowd. Coll. Among his writings are contributions of " Words not found in Dictionaries of the English Lan guage," to Worcester and Webster ; " Bacca laureate Addresses," 1823-9; " Junius Un masked," identifying him with Lord Sack- ville ; "Accounts of Shipwrecks;" "Psalms and Hymns," 1835 ; " Memoirs of Dr. Eleazer Wheelock and of Dr. John Codman," 1853; " An Historical Discourse on the Fortieth An niversary of the Second Ch. in Dorchester," 1848; "*A Discourse at the Close of the Sec ond Century of the Settlement at Northamp ton, Ms.," 1854 ; " Wunnissoo, or the Vale of Housatonnuk," a poem, 1856; besides a "Dudleiau Lecture" at Cambi-idge ; " Chris tian Sonnets," 1860; "Poems of Nazareth and the Cross," 1866 ; " Sacred Songs," 1867, and various sermons and reports. A discourse commemorative of Dr. Allen, by Dr. W. B. Sprague, has been pub. Allen, WM. HENRY, a distinguished naval officer, b. Providence, R.I., Oct. 21, 1784; d. Aug. 15, 1813. His father, Wm. Allen, was a maj. in the Revol. army, and in 1799 brig.-gen. of State militia. His mother was a sister of Gov. Jones. At a very early period, he discov ered a surprisingly inquisitive mind, and a ro mantic inclination to visit foreign countries. He entered the navy as a midshipman, Apr. 28, 1 800, and sailed in the frigate " George Washing ton," Capt. Campbell, to Algiers ; subsequently sailing to the Mediterranean, under Barron, in "The Philadelphia;" under Rodgers, in " The John Adams; " and a fourth time, in 1804, as sailing-master to " The Congress." In this voy age, he narrowly escaped death, having fallen, during a gale, into the sea, luckily rising near the niizzcn-chains, which he grasped. Lieut, of 21 " The Constitution " in 1805, he visited and Vesuvius, Herculaneura and Pompeii ; and, returning in 1806, was 3d lieut. of " The Chesa peake " when she struck her colors to the British frigate " Leopard." He drew up the letter of the officers to the sec. of the navy, urging the arrest and trial of Barren for neglect of duty. In 1809, he became 1st lieut. of the frigate " United States," under Decatur, and, soon after the breaking-out of the War of 1812, highly dis- tiug. himself in the action with " The Mace donian," and brought her safely into N. Y. har bor. Promoted, July 24, 1813, to be master- Cummandant, he carried Mr. Crawford, the min ister, in the brig "Argus," to France, and then proceeded to the Irish Channel to harass Eng lish commerce, in which he was highly success ful. Aug. 14, 1813, he fell in with the British brig " Pelican," and, in the engagement which ensued, was soon mortally wounded, and \n9 vessel, after a vigorous resistance, taken. Car ried into Plymouth, the next day he died, and was buried with military honors. Allen, WILLIAM HOWARD, a naval officer, b. Hudson, N.Y., July 8, 1790. Killed near Matanzas, Nov. 9, 1822, while gallantly lead ing a boat-attack upon a piratical squadron. Midshipman Jan. 1, 1808; lieut. July 24, 1813. He was 2d lieut. of " The Argus," Capt. Allen, when she was taken by " The Pelican," on the English coast, in 1813, and commanded in the latter part of the action ; both his superiors having been wounded. His native town erected a monument to his memory. Allende (al-yen -de), JOSE, a Mexican rev olutionist, shot at Chihuahua, July 27, 1811. A captain in the army, he lent to the revolu tionists the military skill they so much needed, and a powerful influence over the natives. Nov. 29, 1810, he joined Hidalgo, and Transported over the Cordilleras, with the aid of the na tives, heavy guns from San Bias. Hidalgo having fought a battle against his advice, he was defeated. Allende brought off the remnant of his army, but was taken near Saltillo by the treachery of Elizondo, and was shot soon after. Allerton, ISAAC, a Plymouth Pilgrim, b. ab. 1583 ; d. 1659. He was one of those who left Eng. in 1608, and settled in Leyden. His name is attached to the memorable compact signed on board "The Mayflower," Nov. 11, 1620. His wife Mary d. Feb. 25, 1621. He possessed a considerable estate, and was one of the leading and enterprising men of the colony. Mar. 22, he, with Miles Standish, " went ven turously " to treat with Massasoit. He was subsequently for some years an assistant. Ab. 1626, he m. Fear, dau. of Elder William Brew- ster, and in the autumn of that year was sent to Eng., partly to obtain supplies, and partly to negotiate with the adventurers. Having in a second trip purchased for his associates their rights for 1,800, payable in nine yearly in stalments, and obtained also a patent for a trading-station for Kenneljec, he returned early in 1628 to Plymouth. In a fourth trip, after much delay and difficulty, he succeeded in ob taining the enlargement and correction of the Kennebec patent, and also another for Ply mouth, and facilitated the removal of the re mainder of the church at Leyden. la 1-631, in consequence of a difficulty vith the colony, " he was dismissed as their agent." Quitting them, he, in June, 1632, hired the " White An gel," arid attempted to establish a tradmg-hou.^e on the Kennebec River, and also at Penobscot ; but the latter was destroyed by the French In 1633, he established a trading-house at Ma- chias, which was attacked and plundered by the French and Indians in 1634, and burned soon afterwards. In 1634, his pinnace, return ing from a trading-voyage with the French ab. Port Royal, was cast away; and in the same year his wife was earned off by a " pestilent fever." In Mar. 1635, he " was to be nodded by the civil authorities that he had leave to de part from Marblehead ; " and during this year another of his coasting-vessels was wrecked at Cape Ann, and 21 persons perished, including Rev. John Avery, his wife, and 6 children. From 1643 until his death, he resided at New Haven, though spoken of Oct. 27, 1646, as "of New Amsterdam in the province of New Neth erlands, merchant." Chosen a member of the council of New Amsterdam in 1643. Point Alderton in Boston harbor is supposed to be named from him. His third wife d. 1684. His son Isaac grad. at H. U. 1650. Allibone, SAMUEL AUSTIN, b. Phila., 17 Apr. 1816, author of a "Critical Dictionary of English Literature and Authors," 3 vols. roy. 8vo, 1859-70. A work of immense labor and research, and of very great importance and utility. Allin, JOHN, first minister of Dedham, b. Eng., 1596; d. Dedham, Ms., Aug. 26, 1671. Driven from Eng. by the persecution of the Puritans in 1637, he was settled in Dedhara, Apr. 24, 1639, and continued there till his death. Assisted by Mr. Shepherd of Cambridge, he pub. his " Defence of the Nine Propositions " of Church discipline, also a " Defence of the Synod of 1662 against Pres. Chauncey," and a few discourses. Dr. Mather calls him a diligent student and good scholar. Eliot. Allison, PATRICK, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1782), 35 years pastor of the Presb. Church, Balti more, b. Lancaster Co., Pa., 1740 ; d. Bait. Aug. 21, 1802. Phila. Coll. 1760. Ord. 1765. He ranked high as a preacher, was an active patriot in 1775, and was app. chaplain to Con gress, Dec. 23, 1776. He pub. treatises on Liberty, &c. An original founder of Baltimore Coll. and Library. Sprague. Allouez, CLAUDE, a Jesuit missionary, who visited Lake Superior in 1665-7, founded a mission at Green Bay in 1669, where he en dured many hardships, and in 1687 was at St. Louis. While confined to his bed at that place by illness, he stole away on hearing of the approach of La Salle, whom he had injured. See Parkman s Discovert/ of the Great \Vest. Allston, GEN. JOSEPH, gov. of S. C., 1812-14, b. 1778; d. Sept. 10, 1816. Son of Col. Wm. His wife Theodosia, dau. of Aaron Burr, was lost at sea in 1812. He was a planter of education and ability, and several years a disting. member of the S.C. legisl. Allston, ROBERT FRANCIS WITHERS, gov. of S.C., 1856-8, b. All Saints Parish, S.C., Apr. 21, 1801 ; d. near Georgetown, S.C., Apr. 7,1864. West Point, 1821. Retiring from the 22 army in 1822, upon a rice-plantation on the Pedee, he became very successful. Survey. - gen. of the State, 1823-7 ; member of the lower branch of the legisl. 1828-32 ; of the Senate, 1832-56, and pres. of that body in 1850-6. He was a State-rights politician. In the legisl. he fostered the agricultural and educational interests of the State. Trustee of S.C. Coll. 1841-64. Author of "Memoir on Rice," 1843; " Report on Public Schools," 1847 ; " Essay on Sea-coast Crops," 1854. Allston, WASHINGTON, an eminent paint er, b. Waccamaeo, S C., Nov. 5, 1779; d. Cambridge, Ms., July 9, 1843. H. U. 1800. Between the a<res of 7 and 17, he was at school in Newport, R. I., where he made the acquaint ance of Malbone, and first essayed his artistic talent. In 1801, he went to Europe, having sold his patrimonial estate to enable him to cultivate his love of the art, and became a student at the Royal Acad. During 8 years residence abroad, he made himself familiar with the works of the great masters. Return ing to Cambridge in 1809, he delivered a poem before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and m. the sister of Dr. Wm. E. Channing. From 1811 to 1818, he was again in Eng., where, besides producing some of his best pictures, he pub. in 1813, "The Sylphs of the Seasons," and other poems. He built himself a house and studio in Cambridge, and, having lost his first wife, m. in 1830 a dau. of Judge Dana. Among his best works are " Saul and the Witch of Endor," "Elijah in the Desert," "Jacob s Dream," " The Angel Liberating Peter from Prison," "The Dead Man Restored to Life by Elijah," "The^Angel Uriel in the Sun," ""Anne Page and Slender," and " JBelshazzar s Feast," which, though left unfinished, is no in adequate monument to the genius of this great painter. His works exhibit a power ful imagination ; and his skill as a colorist earned him the title of the " American Titian." The execution of his pictures was marked by a rare combination of strength, freedom, and grace. Besides his poems, which are much esteemed, he pub. " Monaldi/ a prose tale, 1841, and "Lectures on Art and Poems," 1850. Allston, COL. WM., Revol. soldier, b. 1757; d. Charleston, S.C., June 26, 1839. He was a capt. under Marion, was afterward a successful planter and a large slaveholder, and many years a member of the S.C. Senate. He m. a dau. of Rebecca Motte. Allyn, JOHN, D.D. (H.U. 1813), pastor of the Cong. Church, Duxbury, Ms., from Dec. 3, 1788, till his death. B. Barnstable, Mar. 21, 1767; d. Duxbury, July 19, 1833. H.U. 1785. He studied theology with Dr Samuel West. He pub. " The Christian Monitor," " Memoirs of Dr. West and of Rev. David Barnes," and occasional sermons. A memoir by his son-in-law, C. Francis, is in Ms. Hist. Coll, iii. vol. 5. His son RUFUS BRADFORD, b. Mar. 27, 1793; d. Belfast, Me., Jan. 25, 1857. H. U. 1810. Was a disting. lawyer and schol- lar of Belfast. Alma-gro (al-ma-gro), DIEGO, one of the Spanish conquerors of Peru, b. ab. 1463; d. July, 1538. His diligence and perseverance in forwarding supplies to Pizairo, in spite of formidable obstacles, were of the utmost im portance to the success of his great enterprise. In 1535, he took Cuzco, the ancient capital of the Incas, by storm. His barbarity to the mon- arch,Atahualpa. whom he put to d eath with ex treme cruelty, and his profligacy, have handed down his name to the execration of posterity, notwithstanding his valor. Quarrelling with his companions about the division of spoil and power, Almagro was defeated, made prisoner by Pizarro, and strangled. The friends of the father, rallying round the son, assassinated Pizarro, July 26, 1541, and were themselves executed by order of the Viceroy of Peru in 1542. Almagro s frank and winning manners made him very popular with the soldiers. Almon, JOHN, an English political writer and publisher, b. Liverpool, 1738; d. 1805. He was apprenticed to a bookseller ; went to sea in 1759; afterward settled in London. He pub. an edition of " Junius," and attempted to prove Hugh Boyd its author. A man of strong sympathies and liberal ideas, he placed his pen and press at the service of John Wilkes, whose " North Briton " he published. He also pub. " The Remembrancer," in 17 vols., a great magazine of information on the war of the Amer. Revol. In 1777, he added a vol. of "Prior Documents" to this work. He also wrote several party pamphlets during the Am erican war. The first regular publication of parliamentary debates was begun by him in 1774. He also pub. "Anecdotes of Lord Chat ham," and " Biographical Anecdotes of Emi nent Persons." Almonte (al-mon -ta), JUAN NEPOMU- CENO, Mexican gen. and statesman, b. Valla- dolid, Mexico, 1804; d. Paris, Mar. 20, 1869. Reputed son of the priest and partisan chief, Morelos. Receiving a superior education in the U.S., he early disting. himself by his talents and courage. In the Texan war of 1836, he served under Santa Ana; and the records of the massacre of the Alamo were chiefly made up from his journal. Disting. at the battle of San Jacinto, and made minister of war by Pros. Bustamente. He displayed great courage in quelling the insurrection of Urrea in 1840 ; but was deprived of his office by the revol. of that year, and supported him self by scientific lectures in the city of Mexico. Afterward ambassador to the U. S., he de manded his passports upon the annexation of Texas, and, in the war which followed, was disting. in the battles of Buena Vista, Cerro Gordo, and Churubusco. He was re-app. minister to the U. S. in 1853 and to the court of St. James in 1856. He returned to Mexico with the allied exped. in 1862, holding, for a brief period, the supreme power there ; and was afterward one of the triumvirate for the management of Mexican affairs, having charge of finances and the foreign dept. ; made a marshal of the empire in 1864 by Maximilian, on whose fall he became an exile in Europe. Almy, JOHN J., commodore, U.S.N., b. R.I., Apr. 25, 1814; midshipm. Feb. 2, 1829; licut. Mar. 8, 1841 ; com. Apr. 24, 1861 ; capt. Mar. 3, 1865; commo. Dec. 30, 1869; attached to " The Ohio," and present at Vera 23 Cruz and Tuspan, Mexican war ; coast survey 1851-7; com. "The Fulton" at Nicaragua in 1857, when Walker and his filibusters sur rendered to her, and in the Paraguay exped. 1858-9; com, steamer "South Carolina," S.A. block, squad., 1862 ; com. steamer " Connecti cut," 1863-4, and captured several valuable prizes; and in 1865 com. the " Juniata," S.A. block, squad. Chief signal-officer of the navy. Hamersly* Almy, WILLIAM, philanthropist of Prov idence, It. I., b. Feb. 17, 1761 ; d. Feb. 5, 1836. He belonged to the society of Friends, and was a teacher ; marrying the only dau. of Moses Brown, he engaged in business with her bro. Obadiah in manufacturing cotton goods, and became wealthy. Among his charities was the endowment of the N. E. Yearly Meeting Boarding School, at Providence, in which he paid the expenses of the education of eighty young persons placed there by him. Alsop, GEORGE, author of " A Character of the Province of Maryland," Lond., 1666, reprinted by VVni. Gowans, N.Y., 1869. Alsop was b. 1638 ; was an apprentice in Lond., and resided in Maryland in 1658-62 : of his subse quent career nothing is known. His tract was designed to stimulate emigration to Md. ; and derives its chief value from its " Relation cf the Susquehanna Indians." Alsop, JOHN, member of the Continental Congress in 1774-6, b. Middletown, Ct. ; d. Newtown, L. I., Nov. 22, 1794. An opulent merchant, his ability, patriotism, and integrity secured his election to that remarkable body. On the occupation of N. Y. by the British, he withdrew to Middletown, Ct., returning after the peace. His dau. Mary m. Rufus King. Alsop, RICHARD, poet and wit, b. Middle- town, Ct., Jan. 23, 1761 ; d. Flatbush, L.I., Aug. 20, 1815. He was brought up a mer chant, but preferred literary pursuits ; for which lie was fitted both by his talents and attain ments. He is best known by his principal share in the "Echo," a series of burlesque pieces, begun in 1791, and ended in 1805, the character of which underwent a change, from a mirth-provoking essay to a bitter political satire directed against the Democ. party. D wight, Hopkins, and others, known as the " Hartford Wits," were joined in the author ship. This, with other poems, was repub. in 1807. In 1800, he pub. in heroic verse a " Monody on the Death of Washington," and in 1808 " The Enchanted Lake of the Fairy Morgana." Besides a number of fugitive jiit-ces in prose and verse, he pub. in 1808 " The Natural and Civil History of Chili, from the Italian of Molina," and in 1815 a narrative of the captivity of John R. Jewett. He was fond of field-sports and natural history. His youngest bro., JOHN, also a poet, b. Feb. 5, 1776; d. Nov. 1, 1841. He practised law at New London ; and was afterward a book seller at Hartford and N.Y. See specimens in Everest s Poets of Ct., and Dui/ckinck. Alston, PHILIP WHITMEL, rector of Cal vary Church, Memphis, Tenn. A vol. of his sermons, with Memoir by Bishop Otey, was pub. Phila., 8vo, 1854. Alston, WILLIS, col. of the Halifax dist. in 1776; member of the H. of Commons, 1791-2; M. C. 1799-1803. His son WILLIS, Jun., b. Halifax Co., N.C. ; d. there Apr. 10, 1837; member State legisl. in 1794 and subsequently; M. C. 1803-15 and 1825-31; chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means in the War of 1812. Alvarado (al-vii-ra -do), ALONZO DE, one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico, and after ward of Peru; held a high command under Puarro. Sent with 500 men to i-e-enfbrce the bros. of Pizarro, he was defeated and made prisoner by Almagro in 1537. After *he death of Pizarro, he took arms against Almagro the younger, and joined his force to that of De Castro (1542). He was lieut-gen. of the army which suppressed the rebellion of Gonzalo Pi zarro in 1548. Alvarado, PEDRO DE, one of the con querors of Spanish Amer., b. at Badajos: d. 1541. In 1518, he sailed with his four bros. for Cuba, whence he accompanied Grijalna on his exploring exped. along the coast. In Feb. 1519, he accompanied Cortes in his exped., in which he took an important part : left by Cortes in charge of the city of Mexico, his cruelty and rapacity caused an insurrection, and he narrowly escaped with his life. In the famous retreat of the night of July 1, 1520, Alvarado again disting. himself by his ex ploits; in commemoration of which, an enormous ditch, over which he leaped to escape the enemy, is called to this day, "El Salto de Alvarado." On his return to Spain, Charles V. made him gov. of Guatemala. He m. a dau. of the illustrious Albuquerque : subsequently he had violent contests with Pizarro; but the emperor appointed him gov. of Honduras, as well as of Guatemala. He made many discoveries on the California coast, and continued to colonize and explore the Amer. Continent until 1541 ; when he was killed in a skirmish with the Indians. Alvarez (aK-va-reth), BERNARDO DE, a Spanish adventurer, b. Seville, 1514; d. 1584. At the age of 14, he joined the Mexican army, but was expelled for misconduct, and trans ported to the Philippines ; escaping thence, he went to Peru, and acquired a fortune, with which he established hospitals in Mexico and other cities of New Spain. These hospitals were supported by the charitable society of St. Hyppolitas, which he founded and endowed. Alvarez, JUAN, leader of the Mexican revol. of 1855, b. 1790. His energy and cour age, as well as his repub. principles, had previously made him popular in Southern Mexico. He ended the dictatorship of Santa Ana by the decisive battle at Saltillo, July 22- 3, 1855. The " Plan of Ayutla," promulged by Alvarez, Mar. 1, 1854 announced the dep osition of Santa Ana, and proposed repub. principles. Proclaimed pres. by the assembly at Cuernavaca, Oct. 4, 1855, Nov. 15, he en tered the city of Mexico, escorted by his In dian body-guard, whose barbarian appearance excited the apprehensions of the citizens. Dissensions in the cabinet, and the opposition of the army and the clergy, caused by the abolition of their ancient privileges, induced Alvarez to resign, Dec. 8. He p.aced Comon 24 fort, his minister of war in power ; took $200,- 000 trom the treasury, and such arms and mu nitions as he could seize, and returned with his Indians to their homes in Southern Mex ico; d. in 1870. Alvord, BENJAMIN, brev. brig.-gen. U.S. A., b. Rutland, Vt., Aug. 18, 1813. West Point, 1 833. Entering the 4th Inf., he served in the Seininole war in 1835-6; was assist, prof, of mathematics at West Point in 1837 ; and until 1839 was assist, prof, of natural and ex perimental philosophy. In the Mexican war, lie won the brevets of capt. and maj. for gal lantry at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and tiier engagements. June 22, 1854, he became Kivm. with rank of maj., and April 15, 1862, rig.-gen., and was put in command of the di.st. of Oregon. Chief paym. dist. of Omaha and Nebr. since May 25, 1867. Brev. brig.- si-cn. U.S.A., Apr. 9, 1865; A.M. of U. of Vt. [854. Author of numerous scientific papers, essays, and reviews. Outturn. Alzate y Ramirez (al-tha -te e ra-me - retn), JOSE ANTONIO, Mexican scientific writ er, b. Mexico; d. ab. 1795. A correspondent of the Acad. of Sciences, Paris ; he pub. the Gaceta de Literatura, also an essay sur la limite des neiyes perpetuelles en volcan Pococatexetl. Ames, ADELBERT, brev. inaj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Me., 1835. W.Pt., 1861. 1st lieut. 5th Art. May 14, 1861 ; brev. maj. July 21, 1861, for Bull Run ; brev. lieut.-col. for Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862; col. 20th Me. Vols. Aug. 29, 1862; brig.-gen. U.S. Vols. May 20, 1863, for Chancellorsville; brev. col. July 1, 1863, for Gettysburg; com. div. or brigade 18th Corps in the operations before Petersburg, and en gaged at Port Walthall Junction, May 7, and Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864; capt. 5th Art. Juno 11, 1864; com. div. 10th Corps, Oct. 10 to Dec. 2, 1864, in actions of Darby town, Oct. 13 and 27 ; com. div. 24th Corps in assault and capture of Fort Fisher, and in operations in N.C. Jan.-Apr. 1865, for which brev. maj.-gen. vols. and brig.-gen. U.S.A. ; com. div. 10th Corps Apr.-May, 1865 ; lieut.-col. 24th Inf. July 28, 1866. "U.S. senator from Mpi. 1871; prov. gov. Mpi. June, 1868-9. Ames, EDWARD B., bishop of the M.E. Church, b. Athens, O., May 20, 1806. His grandfather was a chaplain at Valley Forge. Edward was educated in the Ohio U.; was an instructor in McKendreeColl. in 1823-9; was licensed to preach in 1830; was soon after as signed to the Ind. conference, and ord. dea con and elder. He took part in the general conference at Baltimore in 1840, when he was elected corresponding sec. of the missionary society, and travelled in its behalf through the Western States and among the Indian tribes a distance in all of over 25,000 miles. In 1842, he officiated as chaplain to a council of Choctaws. From 1844 to 1852, when he was made a bishop, he travelled as presiding elder through various districts of Ind. A resident of Baltimore since 1861. Ames, FISHER, LL.D. (N J. Coll. 1796), orator and statesman, b. Dedham, Ms., Apr. 9, 1758; d. there July 4, 1808. II. U. 1774. Son of Dr. Nathaniel. His precocity is indi cated by his having entered college at the age of 12. The poverty of his widowed mother com* pelled him to teach school for a support until 1781, when he began to practise law, and soon displayed brilliant oratorical powers. His great abilities first became known by his polit ical writings in the Boston newspapers under the signatures* of " Brutus" and " Camillas." In the convention which ratified the U.S. Con stitution, he was a dialing, speaker, especially on the subject of biennial elections. In the legisl. of 1788, he was so conspicuous for oratory and business-talent, that he was elected to "Con gress for the Suffolk dist. over Samuel Adams. He continued in that body during the whole of Washington s administration (1789-97), of which he was the zealous defender. His great speech on the British treaty, Apr. 28, 1795, is considered the era of his political life. At its close, a member in opposition moved to post pone the decision of the question, that they might not vote under the influence of a sen sibility which their calm judgment might con demn. He was acknowledged to be the most eloquent debater in the house, and was the author of the address of that body to Wash ington on his retirement from the Presidency. He was several years a member of the council of Ms., and, while in that body, delivered a eulogy upon Washington before the State legisl. Chosen pres. of H. Coll. in 1804, but declined. He wrote a number of essays on the French Revol., the character and tendencies of which inspired him with horror. The con versation of Mr. Ames was instructive and de lightful, and his character one of amiable sim plicity and moral purity. His writings, with a memoir by Dr. Kirkland, were pub. in 1809 in one vol. 8vo, and an enlarged edition in 2 vols. in 1854, edited by his son, Seth Ames, judge Ms. Sup. Court. Ames, JOSEPH, b. Roxbury, N.H. Has painted many portraits in Boston and Balti more. Among them are " Pius IX," Gaz- zaniga," " President Felton," and " Death of Webster : " he has also produced " Maud Muller," and the "Old Stone Pitcher;" d. New York City, Oct. 30, 1872. Ames, NATHANIEL, physician and mathe matician, b. Bridgewater, Ms., 1708; d. Ded ham, July 11, 1764. He inherited a taste for astronomy from his father, Nathaniel (1677- 1736), and from 1725 till his death pub. his famous almanacs. They were continued until 1775 by his son Nathaniel. Removing to Dedham, where he kept a house of public en tertainment, he m., in 1735, Marv Fisher by whom he had FISHER the celebrated orator, and Nathaniel (1741-1823), H.U. 1761, also a physician, and a surgeon in the Revol. army. Ames, NATHANIEL, seaman and author, b. Dedham, Ms.; d. Providence, R.I., Jan. 18, 1835. He was the son of Fisher Ames, and author of " Mariner s Sketches," 1830, "Nau tical Reminiscences," 1832, and "An Old Sail or s Yarns." Ames, NATHAN P., a skilful manufacturer of cannon, swords, cutlery, &c., at Chicopee Falls and Cabotville, Ms., b. 1803 ; d. Cabot- ville, Apr. 23, 1847. He commenced the cut lery business in 1829. In 1834, the Ames man ufacturing Co. was incorporated, with N. P, 25 .AJSTD Ames as agent. This company has supplied the U. S. Government with swords since 1831. In 1840, he visited Europe to inspect foreign armories, and acquire information in regard to tools, cutlery, and improvements in arms. In 1 836, the bronze foundry was erected, which has become the most famous in the U. S. : since its erection, nearly all the brass guns made for the Amer. army have been cast at this estab lishment. Here the celebrated statues of De Witt Clinton in Greenwood Cemetery, Brook lyn, Washington in Union square, N.Y., and that of Franklin in School St., Boston, were cast. In 1854, the British Government ordered of this company a complete set of the machines for perfecting the stock of the musket. They are now in use at the government armory near Woolwich, Eng. Amherst, JEFFREY, baron, a celebrated British gen., b. Kent, Eng., Jan. 29, 1717 ; d. Aug. 3, 1797. He was page to the Duke of Dorset while lord lieut. of Ireland ; became an ensign in the army in 1731 ; was aide to Lord Ligonier at Dettingen, Fontenoy, and Rou- coux, and afterward to the Duke of Cumber land at Laffeldt. Made maj -gen. in 1756, in 1758 he was given the command of the exped, against Louisburg. Landing June 8, a lodge ment was effected July 26, and the place sur rendered, as did also St. John s and other French strongholds. App. commander-in- chief Sept. 30,1758, the surrender of Quebec to Wolfe s forces, and that of Fort Niagara to Townshend and Johnson, was followed by that of Crown Point (July 26), and that of Ticon- deroga (Aug. 4, 1759), to Amherst in person. Obtaining the naval supremacy on Lake Cham- plain, Fort Nevis and Isle Aux Noix fell into his hands; and Sept. 8, 1760, Montreal and the whole of Canada became a British posses sion. He was rewarded with the thanks of parliament and the insignia of the Bath ; was made gov. of Virginia in 1763, and of Guern sey in 1771, created a baron in 1776, com- mander-in-chief of the forces from 1778 until 1795, and field-marshal in July, 1796. His bro. WILLIAM, lieut.-gen., col. 32d Foot, and gov. of St. John s, Newfoundland, d. May 13, 1781. He was aide-de-camp to his bro. in Amer., and was at the capture of Louisburg. Amidas, PHILIP, navigator, b. Hull, 1550; d. Eng. 1618. He com. one of the two ships fitted out by Raleigh, under Arthur Barlow, and sent to North Amer. 27 Apr. 1584. En tering Ocracock Inlet, 13 July, they landed on Wocoken Island, of which they on their return gave glowing accounts. Reaching Eng. hi Sept., their discoveries were made known by Raleigh to Queen Elizabeth, who called the new country Virginia. Amidas had charge of an exped. to Newfoundland some years after. Ammeil, DANIEL, Capt. U. S. N., b. O., July 7, 1819. Midshipman, July 7, 1836; lieut. Nov. 4, 1849; capt. July 25, 1866. Attached to the coast-survey, 1848-62 ; com. steamer " Seneca/ S. A. B. squad, at the battle of Port Royal, Nov. 7, 1861 ; at Tybee Island; com. monitor "Patapsco," S. A. B. squad, at Fort McAllister, Mar. 1863; attack on Fort Sumter, Apr. 7, 1863 ; suppressed a mutiny while on board the Calif, steamer "Ocean Queen," bound to Aspinwall, in May, 1864 ; com. steamsloop " Mohican," N. A. B. squad, in both attacks on Fort Fisher; chief of bureau of yards and docks, 1869. Hamersly. Ammen, JACOB, brig.-gen. Vols. b. Bote- tourt Co., Va., Jan. 7, 1808. West Point, 1831. Entering the 1st Artillery, he was for some years an instructor at West Point, and resigned in Nov. 1837. He was prof, of math ematics successively in Bacon Coll., George town, Ky., Jeff. Coll., Mpi., the U. of Ind., and Jeff. Coll. again. In 1861, he became col. 24th O. Vols., and July 16, 1862, brig.-gen. for ser vices at Pittsburg Landing. From Apr. 1864, until after the battle of Nashville, he com. the 4th Div. 23d Corps at Knoxville. Resigned, Jan. 14, 1865. Apapudia (am-poo -de-a), PEDRO DE, a Mexican gen., promoted by Santa Ana, in 1840, to that rank ; in 1842, led a party under Gen. Woll to attack the Texan frontier ; took a prominent part in the conflicts at Loredo and Mier with the Texans, and in Dec. 1842, com. at the siege of Campeachy in Yucatan. Com pelled to retreat by Commodore Moore on the night of June 26, 1843, Ampudia proceeded to Tabasco, where, in the summer of 1844, he aroused great indignation by his cruel execu tion of Gen. Sentmanat, who had attacked that town. Ampudia was removed, but Apr. 11, 1846, appeared before Matamoras, as gen. in the Mexican army, under Arista. Intrusted with the command at the siege of Monterey, he was, after a spirited defence, compelled to surrender that city to Gen. Taylor, Sept. 24, 1846. Anburey, THOMAS, author of " Travels in America," 2 vols. 8vo, Lond., 1789, was a capt. in the army of Gen. Burgoyne, whose conduct in the campaign of 1777 he attempts to vindicate, and returned to Eng. soon after the capture of Cornwallis. Anchieta (an-she-a -ta), JOSE, a Portu guese Jesuit, surnamed " the Apostle of the New World," b. Teneriffe, 1533 ; d. near Espi- ritu Santo, June 9, 1597. He was a relative of Loyola, and was stationed at Coimbra. Senfc in 1553 to Brazil, he founded there the first college for the conversion of the natives. App. gov. of the converted Indians, he contrib. with them to the foundation of St. Sebastian. Both the Portuguese and the savages ascribed to Father Anchieta the working of miracles. Of his many writings, one, on " The Natural Productions of Brazil," was pub. by the Acad. of Sciences at Madrid. Anderson, ALEXANDER, the first wood- engraverin Amer. (1798), b. N. Y. City, 1775 ; d. Jersey City, Jan. 16, 1870. He was origi nally a physician, having grad. M. D. at Col. Coll., N. Y. In 1804, he pub. "A General History of Quadrupeds," with wood-engrav ings. Among his best-known works are 40 il lustrations of Shakspeare, and those in Web ster s Spelling-book. Mr. B. J. Lossing pre pared a memorial lecture of this pioneer en graver. See Harper s Weekly, Feb. 5, 1870. Anderson, GEO. B., gen. C. S. A., b. Wil mington, N.C., 1831 ; d. Raleigh, N.C., Oct. 16, 1862. West Point, 1852. Entering the 2d Dragoons, he became 1st lieut. Dec. 13, 1855, adjt. Aug. 1857, but resigned, Apr. 25, 1861, 26 .AJSTD and was made a brig.-gen. in the rebel army. He commanded the N. C. coast-defences in Nov. 1861, and led a brigade at the battle of Autietam, where he received a wound in the foot, which caused his death. Anderson, DR. HENRY JAMES, LL. D. (1850), b. 1798. Prof, mathematics Col. Coll., N.Y., 1825-43; Emeritus prof. 1866. Col. Coll. 1818. M.D. Coll. Phy. and S. 1824. Author of " Geology of Lieut. Lynch s Exped. to the Dead Sea," " Geological Reconnoissance of part of the Holy Land," 1848 ; pub. by the U. S. Government. Anderson, HUGH J., lawyer, b. Me. 1801. Clerk Waldo Co. courts 1827-37 ; M. C. 1837- 41 ; gov. of Me. 1844-7 ; commissioner of customs in Washington 1853-8 ; app. 6th au ditor U. S. treas. Oct. 1866. Anderson, ISAAC, D.D., clergyman and pioneer preacher in the West ; b. Rockbridge Co., Va., Mar. 26, 1780; d. Kocktbrd, Tenn., Jan 28, 1857. At the age of 7, he had read the easier Latin authors. At 14, he entered Liberty Hall Acad., afterwards Washington Coll., and, after leaving the academy, studied theology. Removing with his father s familv to Union, Tenn., he was in 1802 licensed to preach by the Union Presbytery ; preached there 9 years, and in 1811 became pastor of a church in Maryville, where he established the south-west Theol. Sem. Sprague. Anderson, JAMES, first Presb. minister of N. Y., b. Scotland, Nov. 17, 1678; d. Done gal, Pa., July 16, 1740. He was ord. by Ir vine Presbytery, Nov. 17, 1708, with a view to his settlement in Va., where he arrived in Apr. 1709, but settled at Newcastle, Del., un til, in Oct. 1717, he took charge of the church forming in X. Y. City. A division took place in 1720; and in Aug.* 1727, he was installed in Donegal. Pa. His bro. John of Perth Amboy was made in 1712 one of the council of the province, and d. Mar. 1736, a. 73, pres. of the council. Anderson, JAMES, M. D., physician ; d. at his seat near Chestertown, Md., D*ec. 8, 1820, a. 68. Commencing his medical studies under his father, a physician from Scotland, he contin ued them at Phila. and at Edinburgh, but was obliged to return home before taking a degree. For more than 30 years he enjoyed a most ex tensive practice, which his infirmities com pelled him, when at the age of 60, to relinquish. He was a zealous disciple of Wesley, and was exceedingly liberal and benevolent. Thacher. Anderson, JAMES PATTON, gen. C. S. A., b. Mpi. He was lieut.-col. commanding of batt. of Mpi. Rifle Vols. in Mexican war. He com. a brigade in the 2d corps of the rebel army at Shiloh and at Stone River; was highly commended for valor and ability. Anderson, JOHN, lawyer and politician, b. Cumberland, Me., 1792; d. Aug. 21, 1853. Bowd. Coll. 1813. He studied law with Ste phen Longfellow, and was adm. to the bar in 1816. Member of the Me. senate in 1824; M. C. 1825-33 ; mayor of Portland in 1833 and 42; coll. customs at P. 1837-41 and 1843-8. Actively instrumental in securing the construc tion of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence R.R. U.S. dist. atty. for Me. 1833-7. Anderson, JOHN WALLACE, M. D., phj sician, b. Hagerstown, Md. 1802: d. Liberia, Apr. 12, 1830. M. D. Phila. Coll. 1828. Son of Col. Richard, a Revol. officer. He prac tised medicine at Hagerstown, but in Jan 1830 sailed to Liberia to promote the cause of temperance there, and died of fever soon after his arrival. Anderson, JOSEPH, statesman, and Revol. soldier, b. N. Jersey, Nov. 5, 1757 ; d. Wash ington, Apr. 17, 1837. He received a good education ; studied law ; was app. an ensign in the N. J. line in 1775 ; fought at Monmouth as a capt.; was in 1779 in the exped. of Sulli van against the Six Nations ; in 1780 was at Valley Forge ; in 1781 at the siege of York ; and after the war received the brevet of maj. He practised law in Del.; was in 1791 app. by Washington judge of the territory south of the Ohio River, and remained in that position until the constitution of Tenn. was formed, and in which he assisted ; and was an influential member of the U. S. Senate from Tenn. from 1797 to 1815, serving upon many important committees, and acting on two occasions as pres. protempore of the Senate. From 1815 to 1836, he was first comptroller of-the U. S. treasury. Lanman. Anderson, MRS. OPHELIA BROWN, ac tress, b. Boston, July 24, 1813; d. Jamaica Plain, Roxbury, Ms., Jan. 27, 1852. Dau. of Mrs. Pelby ; made her dbut at the Washing ton Garden Theatre, Boston, in 1815, as Co ra s child in "Pizarro." Afterward appeared at the Tremont Theatre, while it was under her father s management; and, after he took the National, she was for many years the chief attraction there. She was a superior actress and a great favorite. She first appeared at the Chestnut-st. Theatre, Phila., Sept. 7, 1840, as Julia in " The Duke s Bride." Anderson, COL. RICHARD, Revol. officer, d. Phila., June 22, 1835, a. 84. App. capt. 4th Md. regt. Nov. 15, 1777, he fought at German- town, and was wounded at the battle of Cow- pens. Anderson, RICHARD CLOUGH, Jun., law yer and politician, b. Louisville, Ky., Aug. 4, 1 788 ; d. Tubaco, July 24, 1826. Wm. and M. Coll. 1804. Son of R. C., a Revol. soldier, who d. Nov. 6, 1826, by a sister of Gen. George Rogers Clarke. He studied law under Judge Tucker, and practised with distinction in Lou isville. Member of the Ky. legisl. ; M. C. 1817-21 ; again a member and speaker of the legisl. in 1822; minister to Colombia in 1823, and envoy extraordinary to the Panama Con gress in 1826, but died while on the way there. Anderson, RICHARD HENRY, lieut.-gen. C.S.A., b. S. C. ab. 1822. West Point, 1842. He was brev. for gallantry at San Augustin, Mexico, Aug. 20, 1847, and was a capt. 2d Dra goons, when, Mar. 3, 1861, he resigned, and was made a brig.-gen. Confed. service. Maj.-gen. in Aug 1862, and com. the 5th div. of Bragg s army in Tenn. Wounded at Antietam ; com. a division at Gettysburg, July 4, 1863 ; made lieut.-gen. May, 1864. June 23, 1864, he made a successful attack on Gen. Wright s division, in front of Petersburg ; Oct. 7, he attacked and routed the U. S. cavalry near New Market , AJSTD 27 and com. the 4th corps of Lee s army, at its surrender, Apr. 9, 1865. Anderson, ROBERT, brig.-gen. U. S. A., b. near Louisville, Ky., June 14, 1805. West Point, 1825. His father was Col. Joseph of the Revol. army, and his mother a cousin of Chief-Justice Marshall. Entering the artillery, he was an instructor at West Point; was brev. capt. for gallantry in the Florida war, Apr. 2, 1838; capt. Oct. 23, 1841 ; brev. maj. Sept. 8, 1847, for gallantry at Molino del Key, where he was severely wounded; maj. 1st Artillery, Oct. 5, 1857 ; col. May, 1861 ; and brig.-gen. May 15, 1861. He was in command at Charles- ton harbor when the Rebellion broke out, and transferred his small force to Fort Surnter, which he held until Apr. 14, when, after a heavy bombardment of two days, he was obliged to surrender. Promoted, and assigned to the dept. of the Cumberland, ill health caused him to withdraw from active duty. He has trans lated from the French " Instructions for Field Artillery " and "Evolutions of Field Batter ies/ Brev. maj. -gen. Feb. 3, 1865; retired Oct. 27, 1863. D. Nice, Oct. 26, 1871. Anderson, ROBERT H., brig.-gen. C.S. A., from Ga. West Point, 1857. Lieut. 9th U.S. Inf. in 1861; killed at the battle of Jonesboro , Gil., Sept. 1, 1864. Anderson, Rurus, Cong, minister, b. Londonderry, N.H., Mar. 5, 1765; d. Wenham, Feb. 11, 1814. Dartm. Coll. 1791. Oct. 22, 1794, he was ord. pastor in North Yarmouth, Me.; dismissed Sept. 1804; installed at Wen- ham, June 10, 1805, and dismissed in 1810. He pub. two discourses on the Fast, 1802, and seven letters against the close com munion of the Baptists, 1805. Sprague. Anderson, REV. RUFUS, D.D., LL.D., son of the preceding, over 40 years sec. of the A.B.C.F.M., b. Me., 1796. Bowd. Coll. 1818 ; And. Theol. Sem. 1822. Ord. May 10, 1826. Lecturer on Foreign Missions at And. Sem. 1867-9. Author of Observations upon the Pelo ponnesus and Greek Islands, I2mo, Boston, 1830 ; History of the Sandwich Islands Mission, 1871; "Foreign Missions, their Relations and Claims;" "Memoir of Catharine Brown," 1825. Anderson, SAMUEL, a N. Y. loyalist ; d. near Cornwall, Can., Oct. 6, 1336, a. 101. At the commencement of the Revol., he went to Canada, was a capt. under Sir John Johnson, and after the war received half pay. He be came a magistrate, judge of a district court, and associate justice of the court of King s Bench. Sabine. Anderson, WILLIAM, Revol. officer, b. Chester Co., Pa., ab. 1759; d. there Dec. 13, 1829. He joined the army early in the strug gle, and at its close was a capt., participating in the sufferings of Valley Forge, the battle of Germantown, and the siege of Yorktown. He held many public trusts; was a Jeffersonian Democrat; M.C. from 1809 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819; and in the latter part of his life was a judge of Delaware Co. court, and was employed in the collection of the customs. His daughter, Evelina, m. Com. Porter, U.S.N. Smith s Del. Co. Andrada e Sylva (an-dra -da a seTva), BONIFACIO JOSE DE, a Brazilian naturalist, b. Santos, 1765; d. 1838. He studied at the U. of Coimbra, Portugal, and returned to Brazil in 1819. He possessed great courage, ability, and eloquence, and took the lead in making Brazil an independent empire in 1 822. He was prime-minister of Brazil for a short time in 1822-3, and guardian of the emperor s minor children in 1831. He wrote several works on mining. His bros., Antonio Carlos (d. 1845) and Martin Francisco, were both disting. for talents and eloquence, and held high office under the Brazilian Government. Andre, JOHN, maj., a British officer, who suffered as a spy in the Revol. war, b. London, 1751; d. Oct. 2, 1780. His father, a London merchant, and a native of Geneva, d. 1769. After receiving his education at Geneva, he returned to London before he was 1 8, and en tered a counting-house. His literary taste and genius procured him the acquaintance of seve ral of the writers of the day, among whom was Anna Seward. Between Andre and this lady s cousin, Honora Sneyd, a reciprocal attachment sprung up ; but their marriage was prevented by the girl s father, and she became, a few years later, the wife of Richard Lovell Edge- worth. Andre entered the British army, Mar. 4, 1771 ; visited the courts of Germany in 1772-3; and, in Sept. 1774, as lieut. of the Roy al Fusileers, landed at Phila. Taken prison er by Montgomery at St. John s, Nov. 2, 1775, he was sent to Lancaster, Pa. ; but was ex changed Dec. 1776, and promoted to a captain cy Jan. 18, 1777, having gained the favor of Gen. Howe by a memoir with which he pre sented him, on the existing war. In a letter to a friend, he said, " I have been taken prisoner by the Americans, and stripped of every thing except the picture of Honora, which I con cealed in my mouth. Preserving that, I yet think myself fortunate." This picture he had himself delineated on his first acquaintance with her, at Buxton, in 1769. In the summer of 1777, he was app. aide to Gen. Grey, and was in the engagements in N.J. and Pa. in 1777. On the departure of Grey, he was app. aide to Sir Henry Clinton, by whom he was, in 1780, promoted* to the rank of maj., and made adju tant-gen. Selected by his commander to ar range with Arnold the details of the treasonable surrender of West Point, he had, on his return from that post, passed safely all the American posts and guards by means of a pass from Ar nold, when, on the 23d of Sept., he was stopped by 3 militiamen, whom he sought to bribe, but without success. They found in one of his boots, in Arnold s handwriting, exact returns of the state of the forces, stores, ordnance, and defences of West Point, with those of all its dependencies, with various other kinds of in formation necessary to the success of the plan. The board of officers composing the court- martial, at whose head was Greene, and among whom were Lafayette and Steuben, found him guilty of being a spy, and sentenced him to be hanged on his own admissions, he hav ing thrown off all disguise, and acknowledged every thing. Every effort was made by Sir Henry Clinton to procure a remission of the verdict, but without avail. When led forth to execution, he manifested some emotion at the 28 sight of the gibbet, and exclaimed, "Must I die in this manner ? " and in a moment added, " But it will be only a momentary pang," and met his fate with dignity and composure. The sympathy of the American officers was univer sal for one so young, so gallant, so accom plished, and so unfortunate. He contrib. poetry to the loyal newspapers; and it is a singular fact, that the last canto of his satirical poem, " The Cow-Chase," was pub. in Rivington s Gazette, in N. Y., on the day of his capture. It ends with the following stanza : * And, now I ve closed my epic strain, I tremble as I show it, Lest this same warrio-drover Wayne Should ever catch the poet." Wayne com. the division of the army at Tap- pan, where Andre was executed. His memory has been embalmed in verse by Miss Seward, and perpetuated by a beautiful monument near the "Poet s Corner" in Westminster Abbey. His remains were placed near this monument Nov. 28, 1821. A pension was settled upon his family, and the honor of knighthood was conferred upon his brother. Anna Marguerite, his last surviving sister, d. in London in 1848 a. 90. (Lossing}. See his Life, by Winthrop Sargent, 8vo, 1861. Andrew, JAMES OSGOOD, D.D., bishop of the M. E. Church, South, b. Augusta, Ga., May 3, 1794; d. Mobile, Mar. 2, 1871. His father was a Revol. soldier and a Methodist minister. Entering the S. C. Conference in 1813, he was ord. deacon in 1814, and bishop in 1832 at Phila. His marriage with a lady who owned slaves was one of the causes of the division of the church into two independent bodies in May 1845. Andrew, JOHN ALBION, LL.D., states man, b. Windham, Me., May 31, 1818; d. Boston, Oct. 30, 1867. Bovvd. Coll. 1837. Robert his ancestor settled in Rowley, Ms., and d. there in 1668. Adm. to the Boston bar in 1840, he became especially conspicuous in cases arising under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850; and in 1858, after being 10 years an anti- slavery man, was chosen to the legisl. In 1860, he was a member of the convention which nominated Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency, and was himself chosen gov. of Ms. by the largest popular vote ever cast for any candidate. An ticipating the conflict with the seceded States, he took early steps to render the State militia efficient, and within a week after the President s proclamation of April 15, 1861, despatched five regts. of inf., a battalion of riflemen, and a battery of artillery, to the assistance of gov ernment. He was re-elected by large majorities in 1861-4, evinced great executive ability, and declined a renomination in 1865, on account of impaired health and the pressure of private affairs. During the war, he was very active in raising troops, animating the people by his fervid eloquence, and in providing comforts for sick and wounded soldiers ; frequently confer ring with the government officers on national affairs. He took part in the conference at Al- toona, Pa., in Sept. 1862, prepared the address which they presented to the President, and was one of the most urgent in impressing upon the administration the necessity of emancipating the slaves, and of accepting the services of col ored troops. He declined the presidency of Ant. Coll. in 1865. In that year, he presided over the first national Unitarian convention, and was a leader of its conservative wing. He was a powerful debater and an eloquent orator. Pres. of the N. E. Hist. Geneal. Society 1866-7. A memoir of his " Official Life " by A. G. Brown, jun., was pub. 1868. Andrews, ETHAN ALLEN, LL.D., b. New Britain, Ct.,1787; d. there Mar. 25,1858. Y.C. 1810. He studied law, and was some years engaged in practice. In 1 822, he was prof, of ancient languages in the U. of N. C. at Chapel Hill. After this he taught at New Haven, Ct., and at Boston, a high school for young ladies ; returning in 1839 to his native town. In con junction with Prof. Solomon Stoddard, he pub. a Latin grammar, of which 65 editions have been issued. He pub. many other books of Latin instruction, the chief of which is the large Dictionary on the basis of Freund. Andrews, BRIG. GEN. GEORGE L., b. Bridgewater, Ms., 1827. West Point (1st in class), 1851. Entering the engineer corps, he superintended, under Col. Thayer, the erection of fortifications in Boston harbor. Acting assist, prof, of engineering at West Point, 1 854 ; resigned, Sept. 1, 1855. He was subsequently a civil engineer in the employ of the Amos- keag Manuf. Co. As lieut.-col. and then col. 2d Ms. regt., he was disting. in all its hard- fought engagements, first under Banks in the Shenancloah Valley, conducting the rearguard in his memorable retreat, at Cedar Mountain, in the campaign under Pope, and at Antietam. Made brig.-gen. Nov. 10, 1862, and com. a brigade in Banks s exped. and the Port Hudson Campaign ; com. the Corps d Afrique, July, 1863, to Feb. 13, 1865 ; and, for service at the capture of Mobile, brev. maj.-gen. Vols., Mar. 26, 1865. App. Apr. 8, 1867 , U. S. marshal for Ms. App. prof, of French at West Point, Feb. 27, 1871. Andrews, JOHN, D.D., Epis. clergyman, b. near the head of Elk, Cecil Co., Md., Apr. 4, 1746 ; d. Phila., Mar. 29, 1813. Phila. Coll. 1765. Ord. at London, Feb. 1767. He offici ated in different parts of Md., but, not sharing in the patriotic sentiments of the day, left his parish in Queen Anne Co., for school-teaching in Yorktown. Principal of the Phila. Epis. Acad. 1785-9 ; prof, of moral philos. U. of Pa. in 1789, vice-provost, 1789-1810 ; and provost from Dec. 1810 till his death. He officiated some years at St. James s, Bristol. Author of " Elements of Logic," and a sermon on the parable of the unjust steward, 1789. Andrews, JOSEPH, one of the best line- engravers of this country, b. Hingham, Ms., Aug. 17, 1806 ; was apprenticed to Abel Bowen of Boston in 1821, and in 1836-7 received in struction in London from Goodyear, a leading English engraver. Of his best-known works are, " Annette de 1 Arbre " by West, " Duke d Urbino " by Titian, " Head of Washing ton " by Stuart, and " Plymouth Rock, 1620," by Rothermel; d. Hingham May 9, 1873. Andrews, LORING, journalist, d. Charlesr - ton, S.C., Oct. 19, 1805. Bro. of Rev. John of Newburyport( 1788-1 845; II.U. 1786). He ANT) 29 pub. in Boston the Herald of Freedom, after ward, at Stockbridge, the Western Star, and in 1803 established the Charleston Courier, an able political journal. Andrews, STEPHEN PEARL, author, b. Ms., 1812. Pub. " Comparison of the Common Law with the Roman, French, &c.," " Phono graphic Class-books," "Love, Marriage, and Divorce," 12mo, "French with or without a Master," 12mo, " True Constitution of Govern ment," &c. Contrib. to the London Times and other journals. A/libone. Andrews, COL. TIMOTHY PATRICK, U. S. A., I). Ireland, 1794; d. Washington, D.C., Mar. 1 1 , 1868. He offered his services to Com. Barney, whose flotilla was confronting the en emy during the War of 1 812, and was empioyed as his aide. He was subsequently engaged in active service in the field, and in 1822 was app. paymaster in the army. In 1847, he re signed to take command of the regt. of Volti- geurs raised for the Mexican war. He was disting. in the battle of El Molino, and brev. a brig.-gen. for gallantry at Chapultepec. At the close of the war, he was reinstated as paymaster, and in 1851 was made dep. pay master-gen. On the death of Gen. Larned, he succeeded him as paymaster-gen, of the army, Sept. 6, 1862. Retired Nov. 20, 1864. Andrews, WM. D., inventor of centrifugal pumps and oscillatrhg engines, b. Grafton, Ms., 1818. In 1828, his father removed to Needham, where he attended the district school. Removed to N. Y. City in 1840, and turned inventor be cause of his connection with a wrecking-com pany ; the pumps then in use becoming choked with sand, &c. His pump was patented in 1846, was subsequently improved by him, and manuf. by Wm. D. Andrews & Bro. in N. Y. City. Andros, SIR EDMUND, a colonial governor, b. Lond., Dec. 6, 1637 ; d. there Feb. 24, 1714. He was disting. in the war with the Dutch, which closed in 1667. Maj. in Prince Rupert s dragoons in 1672. In 1674, on the death of his father, he succeeded him as bailiff of Guernsey. He was gov. of N. Y., where he had previously held a command, from 1674 to 1681 : gov. of New England from 1686 to 1689, and of Va. in 1692-8. Knighted by Charles II. in 1678. While in N. Y., he was principally occupied in passing grants to the subjects, and presiding in the Court of Ses sions. He arrived at Boston, Dec. 21, 1686. Here he interfered with the liberty of the press, levied enormous taxes without authority, and required the proprietors of lands to obtain from him new titles at great expense. In Oct. 1687, he demanded at the head of his troops the surrender of the charter of Ct. ; but it was concealed in the famous Charter Oak. In 1688, he caused an Indian war by his aggres sions on the Penobscot tribes. Apr. 18, 1689, the people of Boston deposed and imprisoned him. The abdication of James II. prevented trouble with the British Government ; but no judicial decision was rendered in his case. While gov. of Va., he founded Wm. and Mary Coll., encouraged manufactures and the cotton culture, and by these and other commendable acts gained the esteem of the people. Charges were, however, preferred against him by Com missary Blair, as an enemy to religion, the church, and the college, and he was removed. Gov. of Guernsey, 1704-6. His narrative of his proceedings in New England was pub. in 1691, and repub. in 1773. The "Andros Tracts," edited by W. H. Whitmore, were pub. by the Prince Soc., Boston, 1868, 2 vols. 4 to. O Callaghan. Andros, R. S. S., poet and author, son of Rev. Thos., d. Berkley, Ms., Aug. 1868. In early life, he was editor* of several newspa pers, and contrib. poems of great beauty to the Democ. Rev. Some years dep.-col lector of the port of Boston, and latterly confidential agent of the treas. dept. at the South. Author oi the " Customs Guide," a standard authority, and "Chocorua, and other Sketches," 1838. Andros, THOS., minister of Berkley, Ms., from Mar. 19, 1788, to June 15, 1834, b. Nor wich, Ct., May 1, 1759 ; d. Dec. 30, 1845. He joined the army at Cambridge in 1775, and was in the battles of Long Island and White Plains, and other engagements. In 1781, he enlisted in a N. London privateer, was captured, and placed in the Jersey prison-ship at N.Y., but escaped a few months later. He then studied theology with Dr. Benedict of Plain- field. His last sermon was preached Oct. 5, 1845, after walking 2 miles to church. He pub. some sermons, and a narrative of his im prisonment, and escape from the Jersey prison- ship. Ange, FRANCIS, d. 1767, a. 134. He lived between Broad Creek and the head of Wico- moco River, Pa. ; remembered the death of Charles I. ; was in good health at the age of 130; and his memory and other faculties of mind were perfect when he died. Angell, ISRAEL, col. 1st R. I. regt. in the Revol., d. Smithfield, R.I., May, 1832, a. 91. Maj. of Hitchcock s regt. at the siege of Bos ton; commissioned col. Jan. 18, 1777, and served through the war ; disting. at Springfield, N.J., June 23, 1780. Angell, JOSEPH KINNICUT, legist, b. Prov idence, R.I., Apr. 30, 1794; d. Boston, May 1, 1857. B.U. 1813. Adm. to the bar ab. 1816, he went in 1820 to Eng., where he prosecuted, without success, a claim to a large estate. From 1829 to 1831, he edited the Law Intelli gencer and Review; was for some years re porter to the Supreme Court of R. L, and editor of the earliest vol. of R. I. Reports. In connection with Sam l Ames, he pub. a " Trea tise on Corporations." His other publications are, the " Law of Watercourses," "Law of Tide waters," " Limitations of Actions at Law and in Equity and Admiralty," " Law of Carri ers," " Law of Fire and Life Insurance," " A Practical Summary of the Law of Assign ments," " Adverse Enjoyment," 8vo, 1837. His " Law of Highways " was completed after his death by Thos. Durfee. Angers, REAL, an eloquent Canadian ad vocate and author, b. 1823 ; d. Apr. 1860. Be* sides some poetical essays, he pub. Re ve la- tions da Crime, and a treatise on stenography. With M. Aubin, he reported and pub. the Speeches in the Lower House in 1857-60. Morgan. 30 Anghiera (an-ge-a ra), PIETRO MARTIRO DE, or Peter Martyr, Italian historian and ge ographer, b. Arona, Lake Maggiore, 1455 ; d. Granada, 1526. Of noble birth, he was edu cated at Rome, served in 3 campaigns against the Moors, and entered the church, but, by de sire of Queen Isabella, opened a school for the education of young noblemen. Sent in 1501 on a mission from the king to the Sultan of Egypt, he visited the Pyramids and other mon uments of antiquity. Made prior of the church of Granada in 1505, Charles V. afterward pre sented him with a rich abbey. His "History of the New World " is the best of the early works extant upon that subject. Original materials were furnished for it by Columbus, also from the minutes of the Council of the Indies ; and it contains a notice of newly-discovered islands. Angus, SAMUEL, capt. U. S. navy, b. Phila., 1784; d. Geneva, N.Y., May 29, 1840. Entering the service in 1799, he was madelieut. Feb. 4, 1807 ; master-commandant, July 24, 1813; capt. Apr. 27, 1816. He was several times severely wounded, in the action between " The Constellation " and the French frigate "La Vengeance," Feb. 1, 1800, and soon af ter in an action between the schooner " Enter prise " and a French lugger ; in an attack on the English opposite Black Rock, in 1812, and afterward while commanding the flotilla in Delaware Bay. He was selected to carry to Europe Messrs. Adams and Clay, Commis sioners to Ghent. Owing to wounds received in the service, his mind as well as his health became impaired ; and he was dismissed from the navy June 21, 1824. Ansbhutz, KARL, a German musical di rector and composer, b. Coblentz, Germany, Feb. 1813 ; d. N. Y. City, Dec. 30, 1870. Ed ucated by his father a musical prof., he was, until 1848, Royal Musical Director at Cob lentz ; was afterwards a musical conductor in London ; came to the U. S. in 1857 ; founded the German Opera of N. Y. City in 1862, and established a conservatory of music there. Anselme, JACQUES BERNARD MODESTE D , a French gen., b. July 22, 1740; d. Sep. 1814. Son of an officer of the regt. Soissonnais, in which, according to custom, his name was enrolled at the age of 5 years. He became its lieut.-col. July 17, 1777,* and made with it the campaigns of the war of Amer. Independence. Made lieut.-gen. May 22, 1792, in the follow ing Sept. he passed the Var, at the head of his corps d arin&e, took Nice and the fortress of Montalban, and also the castle of Ville- franche, defended by a hundred pieces of can non, gaining a complete victory. Defeated at Sospello, accusation and imprisonment at I Ab- bai/e soon followed The revolution of the 9th Thermidor (July 27,1794) restored him to lib erty, and he d. in an obscure retreat. Biog. Univ. Suppl. Ansorge, CHARLES, teacher of music, and editor of the Ms. Teacher, b. Spiller, Silesia, 1817 ; d. Chicago, 28 Oct. 1866. He grad. at the Collegiate Institute of Breslau, was a teach er and editor, and for his liberal sentiments was expatriated by the government of Prussia ; came to Boston in 1849 ; was 13 years organist and chorister of the First Church, Dorchester, and 4 years teacher of music in the Asylum fof the Blind, So. Boston. In 1863, he removed to Chicago, where he was a successful teacher of music. He took great interest in education, and was a thorough musician. Anspach (uns -pak), Rev. L. A., a magis trate of Newfoundland, pub. " Summary of the Laws of Commerce and Navigation adapted to the Island of Newfoundland," Lond., 1809. Allibone. Anthon, CHARLES, LL.D., a classical scholar, b. N.Y., Nov. 19, 1797 ; d. there July 29, 1867. (Col. Coll. 1815.) His father, Dr. George C. Anthon, a German by birth, attained the rank of surgeon-gen, in the British army, in which he served from the commencement of the French war until the final surrender of Detroit, ab. 1784. He then resigned his com mission, and settled in N.Y. Charles, the fourth of his six sons, studied law in the office of his bro. John, and in 1819 was adm. to the bar. In 1820, he was app. adjunct prof, of languages in Col. Coll. ; in 1830, he produced his edition of "Horace," and became rector of the grammar school attached to the college ; and in 1835 succeeded prof. Moore as the head of the classical dept. of that institution. Besides his labors both in college and school, he produced some 50 vols., chiefly editions of the Latin clas sics, and aids to classical study. He was an ac curate and thorough scholar, and an acute and ingenious critic of the ancient languages. His works have often been repub. in Eng., and are used extensively in schools. His " Clas sical Dictionary," pub. in 1841, entirely super seded that of Lempriere. He excelled as an instructor, and conferred on the public schools of his native city 6 free scholarships. Anthon, HENRY, D.D. (1832), bro. of the preceding, rector of St. Mark s, N. Y. City; d. there Jan. 5, 1861, a. 69. Col. Coll. 1813. Author of Hist. Notices of St. Mark s Church, from 1795 to 1845, Svo, N. Y., 1845. Rev. Wm. H. Anthon, D.D., is a bro. Anthon, JOHN, LL.D., b. Detroit, 1784 ; d. N.Y. City, Mar. 5,1863. Col. Coll. 1801. LL. D. 1861. Son of Dr. George C. Anthon. During the War of 1812, he com. a company at the Narrows for the defence of N.Y. He prac tised law with great assiduity, and is said to have tried more causes than any man that ever lived. He was instrumental in establishing the City Sup. Court and the Law Institute, of which he was pres. at the time of his death. Author of " Digested Index to the Reports of the U. S. Courts," 5 vols. 8vo, 1813; "Re ports of Cases at Nisi Prius in the N. Y. Sup. Court in 1820;" "Analyt. Abridgment of Blackstone s Commentaries, with prefatory Es say;" "Anthon s Law Student;" "Amer. Precedents," Svo, 1810. Anthony, HENRY B., statesman, of Quaker ancestry, b. Coventry, R. I., Apr. 1, 1815. B.U. 1833. Edited the Providence Journal from 1838 to 1859 ; gov. of R.I. 1849-51, re-elected, but declined; U.S. senator, 1859-71. Lan- man. Anthony, SUSAN B., reformer, b. So. Adams, Ms., Feb. 15, 1820. Daniel her father was a Quaker, and a cotton manufacturer. He moved in 1826 to Washington Co., N. Y., and 31 in 1846 to Rochester. She was educated in a small select school in her father s house, and at a boarding-school in Phila. 15 years of teach ing in N. Y., v.t one-third of the salary paid to men, taught her the lesson of woman s rights ; and, since 1852, she has been one of the leaders in that movement, and its acting sec. and gen eral agent. As early as 18-48, she engaged in the temperance cause, forming societies, and lecturing, and in 1851 she called a State con vention in Albany. With her co-worker, Mrs. E. C. Stanton, she succeeded in obtaining the admission of women to educational and other contentions, with the right to speak and vote, to be put on committees, and to make reports. Miss Anthony in 1858, at Troy, read an able report on educating the sexes together. From 1857 to 1866, she was an agent and a faithful worker in the antislavery cause. She has been untiring in her efforts to secure liberal legis lation for women in N.Y., assailing each year its legisl. with petitions, appeals, and addresses. In the winter of 1854-5, she held 54 conven tions in different counties of the State, to de mand equal property rights and the ballot. In the autumn of 1867, she went with Mrs. Stanton and Lucy Stone to Kansas, and succeeded in obtaining 9,000 votes in that State for woman s suffrage. Her bro. Daniel R. has been mayor of Leavenworth. She has since established " The Revolution," with the aid of Geo. Fran cis Train, and has been one of the editors. Her style of speaking is rapid, vehement, con cise, and in her best moods she is sometimes eloquent. Women of the Time. Anthony, SUSANNA, of Quaker parentage, eminent for piety, b. R.I. 1726; d. Newport, June 23, 1791. Dr. Hopkins pub. her mem oirs, with many extracts from her writings. 12mo, 1799. Anville D (don-veT), N. DE LA ROCHE FOUCAULD, duke, b. ab. 1700; d. of grief, Sept. 16, 1746, at Chibouctou, now Halifax, N.S. He early entered the French navy, and in 1745 was sent with a fleet of 14 ships of the line to recover Louisburg. A violent tempest dis persed his squadron, and ruined the exped. He had the literary taste and elegance of man ners characteristic of his illustrious family. Apes, WILLIAM., an Indian preacher of the Pequot tribe, pub. " Indian Nullification," Boston, 12mo, 1835 (written by W. J. Snell- ing) ; " Eulogy on King Philip," pronounced at the Odeon, Boston, 8vo, 1836; "A Son of the Forest," 1831 ; " Experiences of Five Christian Indians of the Pequot Tribe," 1833. Appleton, DANIEL, founder of the exten sive book-publishing house of Appleton & Co., b. Haverhill, Ms., 1785 ; d. N.Y., Mar. 27, 1849. Appleton, JESSE, D.D. (H.U. 1810), di vine, b. New Ipswich, Nov. 17, 1772 ; d. Bruns wick, Me., Nov. 12, 1819. Dartm. Coll. 1792. Samuel, his ancestor, came to Amer. in 1635. He taught an acad. in Dover ; was licensed to preach in 1795; and Feb. 22, 1797, was ord. pastor of the Cong, church at Hampton, N. H. From Dec. 1807, until his death, he was pres. of Bowd. Coll. Under the signature of Leir/k- ton, he contributed valuable essays to the Pis- r.ataqua Evangelical Magazine. His works, em bracing lectures, course of theology, addresses, and sermons, with a memoir, were pub. in 2 vols., 1837. He was a member of the Acad. cf Arts and Sciences; and was, while at Hamp ton, a trustee of Phillips (Exeter) Acad. His dan. June m. pres. Franklin Pierce. Appleton, JOHN, lawyer and politician, b. Beverly, Ms., February 11, 1815; d. Port land, Aug. 22, 1864. Bowd. Coll. 1834. He commenced the practice of law at Portland in 1837 ; was editor of a Democ. paper, the Eastern Argus, from 1839 to 1844, and part of the time was also register of probate for Cumberland Co. In 1845, he became chief clerk in the navy dept. ; subsequently suc ceeded Mr. Trist as chief clerk of the State depart. ; and in 1848, was app. chanje d af faires to Bolivia. On his return from that mission, early in 1849, he resumed the practice of law at Portland ; .was elected to Congress in Sept. 1850; in 1855-6 was Mr. Buchanan s sec. of legation in Lond. In 1857, having been obliged, from ill health, to decline the editor ship of the Washington Union, he was assist, sec. of State ; app. minister to Russia in May, 1860. Appleton, JOHN, LL.D., b. 1804. Bowd. Coll. 1822. Judge of the Sup. Court of Me. 1852; chief-justice, 1862; authorof" Reports of the Sup. Jud. Court of Maine," in 1841, 2 vols. Appleton, JOHN JAMES, diplomat, son of John, who was U. S. consul at Calais, b. France, Sept. 22, 1792; d, Rennes, France, Mar. 4, 1864. H. U. 1813. He was sec. of legation to Portugal in 1819-22 ; to Spain, 1822-5; charge" d affaires to the Two Sicilies, 1825, and to Sweden, 1826-30. He resided in France, where he owned a valuable estate. While at Stockholm, he negotiated a treaty of commerce. Appleton, NATHAN, LL.D. (H.U. 1855), merchant, and writer on political economy, b. New Ipswich, N.H., Oct. 6, 1779 ; d. Boston, July 14, 1861. In 1795, he left Dartm. Coll. to engage in business with his bro. Samuel, in Boston, and, on coming of age, became a part ner. He was one of the first proprietors of the Waltham cotton manufactory, where, in 1814, the power-loom was first put in operation in this country ; was one of the founders of Lowell ; and was the projector and largest proprietor of the Hamilton Company. He was several times in the State legisl., and in Con gress in 1831-3 and 1842. Author of speeches and essays on currency, banking, and the tariff, and of an account of the introduction of the-power loom, and the origin of Lowell, 1858. He was a member of the Acad. of Sciences and Arts, and of the Ms. Historical Society. A memoir of his life was pub. by Ti. C. Winthrop. Appleton, NATHANIEL, D. D. (H. U. 1771), Cong, minister, b. Ipswich, Ms., Dec. 9, 1693 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., Feb. 9, 1784. H.U. 1712. John, his father, 20 years judge of pro bate for Essex Co., and one of the king s coun cil, was disting. for his exertions to Christianize the Indians. The son was ord. to succeed Mr. Brattle, Oct. 9, 1717, and remained 66 years. He was a friend of civil and religious liberty, uniting useful talents with exemplary piety. He was one of the corporation of H. U. from 32 1717 to 1779. He pub. a number of sermons and occasional discourses. Spragtie. Appleton, SAMUEL, philanthropist, b. N. Ipswich, N. H., June 22, 1766; d. Boston, July 12, 1853. One of twelve children. His earlv years were spent on a farm and in school- teaching. He next kept a store ; but removed to Boston in 1794, where he engaged in the importation of English goods, with his bro. Nathan, and acquired great wealth. He sub sequently engaged in the cotton manufacture at Waltham and at Lowell. From 1799 to 1820, he passed much of his time abroad. His liberality and beneficence kept pace with his means to indulge them. In 1823, on his retire ment from active business, he determined to spend his entire income annually; and he gave, each year, the sum of $25,000. He also be stowed his bounty upon various philanthropic, religious, charitable and scientific associations ; and, at his death, $200,000 was distributed for similar purposes. He regularly placed large sums in the hands of physicians and others, who were in the way of seeing those in destitution, to be distributed as their judg ment should indicate. A memoir by I. A. Jewett, pub. 8vo. Boston, 1850. Appleton, WM., merchant, b. Brook- field, Ms., Nov. 16, 1786; d. Longwood, near Boston, Feb. 15, 1862. Son of Rev. Joseph of Brookfield. He came to Boston in 1807. He was a successful merchant; was pres. of the U.S. Branch Bank in 1832-6; and M. C. in 1851-5 and 1861-2. He devoted his surplus means to benevolent objects ; giving, at vari ous times, $30,000 to the Ms. Gen. Hospital, of which, as also the Provident Institution for Savings, he was president. Appling, COL. DANIEL, b. Columbia Co., Ga., Aug. 25, 1787 ; d. Fort Montgomery, Ala., Mar. 18, 1817. He entered the army as lieut. of Rifles, May 3, 1808 ; was made capt. Apr. 1812, major 1st Rifles, Apr. 1814; brev. lieut.-col. May 30, 1814, "for gallant conduct in capturing a superior force of the enemy in Sandy Creek, N.Y;" brev. col. 11 Sept. 1814, " for disting. services at Plattsburg ; " resigned June 1, 1816. Gardner. Apthorp, EAST, Episcopal divine and author, b. Boston, 1733; d. Cambridge, Eng., Apr. 17, 1816. U. of Cambridge, Eng., 1758. Cnarles, his father, was a merchant of Boston. While a missionary in N. E., for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (1761-5), he engaged in a warm contro versy with Dr. Mayhew, on the design and conduct of that body. The hostility of the people to the Episcopacy decided him to return to Eng., where he eventually filled the stall of Fiusbury in St. Paul s Cathedral. Among his writings are " Letters on Christianity, in reply to Gibbon," " Discourses on Prophe cy," 2 vols. 8vo. He m. Elizabeth, dau. of Eliakim Hutchinson. Arbuckle, MATTHEW, soldier, b. Green- brier Co., near the Warm Springs, Va., 1776 ; d. Fort Smith, Ark., June 11, 1851. He en tered the army an ensign, Mar. 3, 1799 ; was made capt. June, 1806 ; major 3d Inf. Aug. 15, 1812; lieut.-col. Mar. 9, 1814; col. 7th Inf. Mar. 10, 1820; brev. brig.-gen. Mar. 16, 1830. Stationed for many years on the fron tier, he was well acquainted with the Indian character, and by his good conduct acquired their confidence. He com. a successful exped. against the Fowltown Indians, Nov. 23, 1817. Arbuthnot, MARRIOT, a British adm., b. ab. 1711 ; d. Lond., Jan. 31, 1794. Nephew of Dr. Arbuthnot the poet. After commanding various ships, he was naval commissioner, resi dent at Halifax, in 1775-8, and returned to Eng. a rear-adm. Made vice-adm. of the blue, and com.-in-chief on the N. Amer. station, he proceeded to his destination in Mar. 1779; but was confined to port soon after his arrival, l>v D Estaing s fleet. Dec. 26, 1779, he com eyed Sir Henry Clinton s troops to the siege of Charleston, in which he co-operated, and which was soon forced to surrender, and earned by this success the thanks of parlia ment. Mar. 16, 1781, in a distant action with the French fl^et off the capes of Va., he ob tained some advantage, but was prevented, i>y a thick haze, from following it up. Made adm. of the blue, Feb. 1, 1793. Arce (ar -tha), MANUEL JOSE, pres. of the Republic of Central Amer. in 1824-9. Having incurred the enmity of the aristocratic clerical party to which he belonged, a civil war broke out, and Arce was, in 1827, defeated at Apopa and Santa Ana. In April, 1829, Gen. Mora- zan, leader of the liberal party, entered Gua temala, assumed the government, and seized Arce, who, together with some of the superior clergy, were expelled the country. Archdale, JOHN, gov. of N. C. 1695-6, author of a " History and Description of Car olina," Lond., 1707. Son of Thos. of Loaks in Chipping Wycomb, Bucks Co., Eng. Gov. Gorges of Me. in. his sister Mary ; and in 1664 he came as his agent to N. E. Archdale was in N.C. in Mar. 1686, and was a commissioner for Gorges in Me. in 1687-8. Landing first in S.C., he formed a new commission of sensible and moderate men ; arrived in N.C. in the sum mer of 1695, and had a successful and highly popular administration. He was a proprietor of the province, and was a man of great pru dence and sagacity. Though a Quaker, he promoted a militia law, exempting the Friends from military service. Elected a member of parliament in 1698, he would only affirm, in stead of taking the required oaths, and was not permitted to take his seat. O Callar/han. Archer, DR. BRANCH T., Texan revol ist, b. Va., 1790; d. Brazoria Co., Tex., Sept. 22, 1856. He studied medicine in Phila., prac tised for many years in his native State, and was often a member of its legisl. Removing to Tex. in 1831, he became a prominent actor in her revolution ; presided over the " Consul tation " in Nov. 1835, and was by that body elected a commissioner to the U. S. with S. F. Austin and N. H. Wharton, to solicit aid in her struggle for independence ; was elected to her first Congress on his return in 1836, was speaker of the house of representatives, and sec. of war from 1839 to 1842, when, on account of ill health, he retired to private life. He was a ripe scholar and an eloquent speaker. Archer, JOHN, physician and legislator, b. llarford Co., Md. in 1741 ; d. 1810. Prince- 33 ton Coll. 1760. M,D. 1768 V He received from the Phila. Med. Coll. the first medical diploma ever issued in the New World. At the com mencement of the Revol., he had command of a military company; was a member of the State legisl.; and was M.C. from Md. from 1801 to 1807. Several of his medical discoveries have been adopted by the profession. Archer, COL. SAM L B. ; d. Phila., Dec. 11, 1825. He was app. from Va., capt. 2d Art. March 12, 1812; brev. maj. May 27, 1813, " for gallantry and good conduct in cannonade and bombardment of Fort George, May 26 and 27. 1813 ; " disting. at Stony Creek, June 6, 1813; insp.-gen., with rank of col., Nov. 10, 1821. Gardner. Archer, STKPHENSON, LL.D., judge of the Md. Court *>f Appeals. Son of Dr. John, b. Harford Co., Md. ; d. June 25, 1848. N. J. Coll. 1805. M.C. from Md., 181 1-1 7; then app. judge of Mpi. Terr., and was again in Congress in 1819-21. Archer, WM. S., statesman, b. Amelia Co., Va., Mar. 5, 1789; d. there Mar. 28, 1855. W. and M. Coll. 1806. Of Welsh descent. His grandfather, Col Wm., captured by Tarleton, d. of small-pox on Hoard a prison-ship. His father, Maj. John, aide to Wayne at Stony Point, was brev. capt. for gallantry in that affair. Wm. S. studied law; was a member of the legisl. 1812-19; M.C. 1820-35; U. S. senator, 1841-7, and chairman of the commit tee on foreign relations. In Congress he took an active part in all matters of national im portance, and was a member of the committee on the Missouri Compromise. ArciszefFski (art-se-sheV-ske), CHRISTO PHER, gov.-gen. of Brazil, b. ab. 1600; d. Lissa, Poland, 1668. Leaving Poland on account of religion, he entered the Dutch military ser vice, and on the conquest of Brazil was app. its gov. He fortified the principal cities, and was an excellent mathematician as well as a skilful soldier. A medal was struck by the Dutch in commemoration of his services. Arey, HARRIET ELLEN GRANNIS, poet, b. Cavendish, Vt., Apr. 14, 1819. John Grannis, her father, a member of the Canadian parlia ment at the breaking-out of the rebellion of 1837, afterward held offices of trust under the U.S. Gov. She was a school-teacher in Cleve land, 0., a contributor to the Daily Herald; was in 1848 m. to Oliver Arey; has since edited the Youth s Casket and the Home Monthly in Buffalo and N.Y. ; and in 1855 pub. "House hold Songs and other Poems." Poets and Poetry of the West. Argall, SAMUEL, dep.-gov. of Va. in 1617, b Bristol, Eng. 1572; d. 1639. In 1612, he carried off Pocahontas to Jamestown, the temptation to the perfidious chief in whose chaige she was being a brass kettle. In 1613, he broke up the French settlement at Mt. Des cry on the coast of Me., causing a war be tween the French and English colonists. He also destroyed the French settlements of St. Croix and Port Royal. After a visit of 3 years to Eng., he returned to Va. as deputy gov. ; his purpose being to traffic in violation of the laws he was to administer. He enacted severe sumptuary laws, and by his arbitrary conduct became odious to the colony. Recalled to an swer for his misconduct, he was shielded by his trading partner, the Earl of Warwick. He was a capt. in the exped. against the Algerines in 1620; was knighted by James I. in 1623; and in 1625 was engaged in Cecil s exped. against the Spanish. An account of his voy age from Jamestown, 1610, and his letter re specting his voyage to Va. in 1618, are pre served in Purchas. After the death of Lord Delaware, Argall took charge of his estate ; and letters of the countess are in existence ac cusing him of the most flagrant and barefaced peculation. Argenson, D (dar-zhon -son ), PIERRE DE VOTER, VISCOUNT, gov. of Canada from Jan. 27, 1657, to 1661, b. 1626 ; d. France, ab. 1709. He was of a noble family, and disting. himself at the siege, of Bordeaux and at the battle of Sens. Subsequently Reeve of Tou- raine. Some progress was made by him in dis covery, in the country beyond Lake Superior, and on Hudson s Bay; but his government seems to have " consisted of little else than barbaric invasions and civil and religious quarrels." Morgan. Arias, DON FRANCISCO GABINO, traveller, b. Salto, Buenos Ayres ; d. ab. 1808. He was a col. in the army, and in 1774 undertook to penetrate the desert part of the continent, des ignated by the name of "(/rand chaco." Af ter making an exploration of this region with Matorras, who d. ab. 1775, Arias, in 1780, c mtinued the labors of his former companion (the pacification of the Indian inhabitants), in an exped. lasting from June 2, 1780, to Jan. 31, 1781. The next year, he explored the course of the Bermijo, establishing the facts that the navigation of the river was free, that craft of a medium size could descend it, that the na tions inhabiting its borders were pacific, and also that it emptied not into the Parana, as was supposed, but into the River Paraguay. The narrative of his expedition, drawn up by himself, was pub. by his son Dr. Jose An tonio Arias, by order of the government. Nouv. Biog. Univ. Arillaga (a-rel-la-ga), REV. BASILIO MAN- DEL, D.D., superior of Jesuits in Mexico, and rector of the Coll. of St. Ildefonso ; d. Aug. 1867, in the prison of St. I., though over 80 years of age. In 1865, he pub. 3 pamphlets in reply to the charge of the French Abbe Tes- tory, that the Mexican clergy were ignorant and corrupt. He was one of the most erudite of Mexican scholars ; and his reply is a master piece of learning, wit, and sarcasm. Arismendi, JUAN BAUTISTA, a Vene zuelan gen., b. in the Island of Margarita. He had attained the rank of capt. ; and, when the revol. broke out, took command of the i atriot forces, and, after a long struggle, defeated the Spanish gen. Morillo, and drove him from the island. In conjunction with Bolivar and Paez, he drove Morillo from New Granada in 1819, and from the greater part of Venezuela, of which he was made vice-pres. In Paez s in surrection against Bolivar, in 1826, he espouse / the cause of the latter in his absence, and ren dered great service to the nation. Arista (a-res ta), MARIANO, a Mexicao 34 en., b. San Luis Potosi, Mex., July 16, 1802 ; d. Spain, Aug. 9, 1855. His father, a Spanish officer, gave him a military education ; and he served in the Spanish army till June, 1821 ; when he joined the patriots. In Apr. 1 829, he was made a lieut.-col., and, having supported Bustamente, was made a col., and brev. brig.- gen. Upon the accession of Santa Ana, Apr. 1, 1833, Arista was made gen. of brigade, and in June, 1833, was second in command of the army. Having joined Duran in his unsuccess ful revolt, he was deprived of his rank, and expelled from Mexico. After passing a year and a half in the U. S., he returned in June, 1835, was restored to his rank in the army, and was judge of the supreme tribunal of war, from Aug. 1836, to Apr. 1837. Taken prisoner by the French at Vera Cruz, Dec. 5, 1 838, he was 2 months after released on parole. In 1839, with but 400 men, he suppressed the revolt of Urrea at Tampico. App. commandant-gen, of Tamaulipas, at the close of 1839 he became gen.-in-chief of the northern division. For defeating the insurgents of the eastern dept, he received a special cross of honor. Made gen. of division in Sept. 1841, he caused the government of Herrera, who succeeded Santa Ana in Dec. 1844, to be recognized through out the eastern depts. In the war with the U.S., in 1846-7, he com. at the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. In June, 1848, he was app. by Pres. Herrera minister of war, and displayed activity and judgment in the suppression of 17 revolts that occurred during 2 years. Elected pres. of the republic in the fall of 1850, he resigned the government, Jan. 5, 1853. Banished from the country by his enemies, he made a voyage to Europe, visited Spain, and died while on his way to France, on the day that Santa Ana, who had usurped his seat, fled from the city of Mexico. The government of Alvarez in i857 decreed him to have " merited well of his country." Armand (ar-mSn ), CHARLES i UFIN, MARQUIS DE LA ROUARIE, a French soldier, b. Fougeres, 14 Apr. 1751 ; d. Jan. 30, 1793. Entering the gardes du corps, at Paris, his pas sion for an actress in that city led to a duel, in consequence of which he left France. Volun teering in the cause of America, May 10, 1777, he received from Congress the commission of col. He fought at Red Bank ; was with La fayette in N. J. in the fall of that year; and in 1778 was actively engaged in Westchester Co., N.Y., opposing the corps of Simcoe, Em- merick, and Baremore the loyalist, whom he captured near Kingsbridge, Nov. 8, 1779. His corps was incorporated with that of Pulaski in Feb. 1780 ; and he was with Gates at the defeat of Camden, and strongly censured the conduct of that officer. In 1781, though dissatisfied with the promotions in the army, in which he saw no chance of advancement, he procured from his own means clothing and accoutre ments in France, returning in season to par ticipate in the victory at Yorktown. He was made a brig.-gen. Mar. 26, 1783. Returning home, he took part in the French Revolution ; was for a time a prisoner in the Bastile ; took an active part with the royalists of La Vende e, and was a leader of those of Brittany, Anjou, and Poitou. The execution of Louis XVI. gave his system such a shock, that he sunk under a nervous malady. Gen. Armand was urbane and polished in manner, an eloquent and persuasive speaker, and was greatly beloved by his friends. Armistead, GEORGE, lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. Newmarket, Va., Apr. 10, 1780; d. Baltimore, Apr. 25, 1818. The ancestor of this family came from Hesse D Armstadt. 5 bros. en gaged in the War of 1812, 3 in the regular army, and 2 iu the militia. George was app. 2d lieut. Jan. 8, 1799; capt. Nov. 6, 1806; maj. 3d Art. Mar. 3, 1813; was disting. at the capture of Fort George, U.C., May, 1813, and was brev. lieut -col. for the defence of Fort McHenry, Sept. 14, 1814. Armistead, LEWIS ADDISON, gen. C.S.A., b. Newbern, N.C., 18 Feb. 1817 ; killed at the battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. West Point, 1836 Son of Gen. Walter K. Enter ing the 6th Inf. in 1839, he won the brevets of capt. and maj. for gallantry at Contreras, Churubusco, and Molino del Rey At Chapul- tepec, he was one of the storming-party, was highly disting., and wounded. Capt. Mar. 3, 1855. In 1859, he com. a detachment sent against the Indians from Fort Mohave, Cal., and defeated them. He resigned in 1861 ; was made col. 57th Va. Inf. in Apr., and in the same month a brig.-gen. in the Confederate Army ; took part in the peninsular campaign, and was in Longstreet s corps in Lee s invasion of Md., and was wounded at Antietam. Armistead, WALTER KEITH, brev. brig.- gen., bro. of George, b. Va. ab. 1785; d. Up- perville, Va., Oct. 13, 1845. Entering the en gineer corps from West Point, Mar. 5, 1803, he was chief engineer of the army in Canada in 1812, and engaged at Fort Niagara, 21 Nov., and engineer for the defence of Chesapeake Bay in 1813-18; col. and chief engineer, Nov. 12, 1818; inspector Milit. Acad. Nov. 1818 to June, 1821 ; col. 3d Art. 1 June, 1821 ; brev. hrig.-gen. Nov. 12, 1828. He com. in 1840-41 against the Seminoles in Florida. Armstrong, JAMES, commodore U.S.N., b. Shelby ville Ky. , 1 7 Jan. 1 794 ; d. Charlestown, Ms., 27 Aug. 1868. His parents emigrated from Va. Midshipm. U. S. N. 15 Nov. 1809 ; lieut. 27 Apr. 1816 ; com. 3 Mar. 1825 ; capt. 8 Sept. 1841, and commo. 16 July, 1866. Cap tured in " The Frolic " in 1814, by the British frigate " Orpheus," and kept a prisoner until Mar. 1815. Com. the E. I. squad, in 1855-8, and in 1857 attacked and captured the Barrier forts in the Canton River. Compelled by a large rebel force to surrender the Pensacola navy-yard 12 Jan. 1861. See Notice of Capt. A. s Services in the N. E. H. $ G. Reg., July, 1871. Armstrong, JAMES FRANCIS, 30 years pastor of the church at Trenton, N.J., b. W. Nottingham, Md., 3 Apr. 1750; d. Trenton, Jan. 19, 1816. N. J. Coll. 1773. He studied under Rev. John Blair ; was licensed to preach in 1777, and served as chaplain through the War of Independence. Sprayue. Armstrong, JAMES F., capt. U. S. N., b. N.J., Nov. 20, 1816. Midshipm. Mar. 7, 1832 ; lieut. Dec. 8, 1842 ; com. Apr. 27, 1861 ; capt 35 July 16, 1862. He com. steamer "Sumter," 1861 ; steamer " State of Georgia," N.A. block, squad. 1862-4; bombardment and surrender of Fort Macon, Apr. 25, 1862; comg. steamsloop "San Jacinto," E. Gulf block, squad. 1864; com. Pensacola navy -yard, 1865-8. Hamersly. Armstrong, JOHN, Gen., b. Pa. ; cl. Car lisle, Pa., Mar. 9, 1795, at an advanced age. In 1756, he headed an exped. as col. of the provincial forces of Pa. against the Indians at Kittaning, destroyed the settlement, and took the stores sent by the French for the use of their native allies. For this service, the cor poration of Phila. presented him with a vote of thanks, a medal, and a piece of plate. He enjoyed in a high degree the confidence of the proprietors of Pa., and was resorted to for advice in whatever related to Indian affairs. Mar. 1, 1776, he was app. a brig. -gen. in the Continental Army, and did good service at the defence of Fort Moultrie and at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, in which latter engagements, he com. the militia of Pa., hav ing left the army, Apr. 4, 1777, on account of dissatisfaction in regard to rank. He was in Congress in 1778-80 and 1787-8, and sustained many other honorable offices. Armstrong, JOHN, soldier and writer, b. Carlisle, Pa., Nov. 25,1758; d. Red Hook, N.Y., Apr. 1, 1843. He was the youngest son of Gen. John Armstrong of Carlisle. In 1775, while a student at Princeton, he volunteered in Potter s Pa. regt. ; was soon made aide-de camp to Gen. Mercer, and held a similar post with Gates in the campaign against Burgoyne, and until the close of the war, having the rank of maj. He was the author of the celebrated " Newburgh Letters," setting forth the services and destitution of the soldiers, and urging them to take measures for their relief. These letters, powerfully and eloquently written, were in tended to arouse Congress and the States to a sense of justice to the army then about to be disbanded, and, but for the prudence of Wash ington, might have produced serious results. After the war, he was sec. of State, and adj.- gen. of Pa., and in 1784 conducted the vigor ous operations against the settlers at Wyoming. App. by Congress in 1787 one of the judges for the western territory, he declined, and having in 1789, m. a sister of Chancellor Livingston, removed to N.Y., purchased a farm, and devoted himself to agriculture. U. S. senator in 1800- 2, and 1803-4 ; minister to France in 1804-10 ; brig.-gen. July 6, 1812 ; sec. of war, 1813-14, and effected many salutary changes in the army; but the lack of success in the operations against Canada, and the sack of Washington City, made him unpopular, and he resigned. He pub. a brief but able " History of the War of 1812," " Memoirs of Gens. Montgomery and Wayne " (in Sparks s Amer. Biog.), valuable treatises on agriculture and gardening, and a " Review of Gen. Wilkinson s Memoirs." He had par tially prepared a history of the Amer. Revol. Armstrong, RICHARD, lieut.-gen. in the British army ; d. ab. 1823. Entered the Queen s Rangers as capt., became a maj., and a most efficient partisan officer on the side of the crown during the Revol. war. In 1783, he and Capt. Saunders were deputed to write Col. Simcoe a parting address. He became col. Jan. 26, 1797; maj.-gen. Sept. 25, 1803; lieut.-geii. Oct. 25, 1809. Sabine; Philipan. Armstrong, RICHARD, D.D., missionary, b. Northumberland Co., Pa., 1805; d. Hono lulu, Sept. 23, 1860, from injuries by a fall from a horse. Dickinson Coll. 1827 ; Prince ton Theol. Sem. He went to the Sandwich Islands in 1832 ; was 8 months a missionary at Nukahivah, Marquesas Islands ; preached 5 years at Walluka, and then returned to Hono lulu to take the station vacated by Mr. Bing- ham s return to the U. S. Dec. 6, 1847, he was made minister of instruction, and* soon after pres. of the board of education. His talents were rewarded by the king s appointing him to a seat in the house of nobles and to a membership in the privy council. Armstrong, GEN. ROBERT, b. E. Tenn., 1790; d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 23, 1854. He settled in Nashville ; com. a company of Tenn. artillery under Jackson, in the Creek war of 1813-14, in which he was disting., and dangerously wounded, Jan. 24, 1814, at Talla- dega ; disting. in command of the artillery at the battle of New Orleans ; and was brig.-gen. commanding Tenn. Mounted Vols. at the battle of Wahoo Swamp in the Florida war, 1836. Postmaster of Nashville, 1829-45; U. S. con sul at Liverpool, Eng., 1845-52 ; and subse quently editor and proprietor of the Washing ton Union newspaper, and confidential adviser of Pres. Polk. Armstrong, WILLIAM JESSUP, D.D., sec. of the Amer. Board of Foreign Missions, b., Mendham, N.J., Oct. 29, 1796 ; d. Nov. 27, 1846, in the wreck of the steamer " Atlantic." A. M. ofN.J. Coll. 1816; D.D. 1840. Son of the Rev. Dr. A. Armstrong. After three years of theo logical study, he was sent to Albemarle Co., Va., as a missionary ; was pastor of a church in Trenton, N.J., three years, and in 1824-34 was pastor of the First Presb. Church in Rich mond, Va. In 1834, he was app. sec. of the Presb. Board of Foreign Missions for Va. and N.C., and at the same time general agent of the Amer. Board of Missions for these States. In Sept. of that year, he was app. successor to Rev. Dr. Wisner, sec. of the Amer. Board. In Apr. 1838, after a residence of two years and a half at Boston, he removed to N. Y. A memoir of his life, with a collection of his ser mons, edited by Rev. Hollis Read, was pub. N.Y., 1853, Armstrong, WILLIAM MORRIS, capt. U.S.N., b. Ky., 1797 ; d. Norfolk, Va., June 24, 1861. Midshipman, Nov. 14, 1814; lieut. Mar. 3, 1821 ; commander, Sept. 8, 1841 ; capt. May 24, 1845. Arnold, BENEDICT, gen. Revol. army, in famous for attempting to betray his country, b. Norwich, Ct., Jan. 3, 1741 ; d. Lond.. June 14, 1801. In his youth he was mischievous, bold, and turbulent. Apprenticed to an apothecary, he ran away, enlisted as a soldier, but soon deserted ; was a druggist and book seller in New Haven in 1763-7 ; was afterward master and supercargo of a vessel trading to the W. Indies, and became a bankrupt with the reputation of dishonesty. Immediately afrei the battle of Lexington, he raised a volanteel company with which he marched to Cambridge, proposed to the Ms. Committee of Safety the capture of Ticonderoga, and, being commis sioned a col., joined Allen s party in that affair in May, 1775. Sept. 16, with ab. 1,000 men, he began the march through the wilder ness of Maine, having the capture of Quebec as its object, and displaying the qualities of an able commander. Wounded in the leg in the assault Dec. 31, in which Montgomery was killed, he was promoted, Jan. 10, 1776, to brig.- gen. Placed in command of a flotilla of small vessels on Lake Champlain, he encountered a superior force Oct. 11, 1776, and, though he exhibited great skill and bravery, was defeated. Congress, early in 1777, deeply offended him by promoting 5 of his juniors to the rank of maj.- gen. Though his appointment to the same grade was afterward dated Feb. 17, 1777, the affront still rankled in his heart. He was involved in fre quent difficulties by his violent temper, and his dishonesty in pecuniary transactions. In Aug. 1777, he relieved Fort Schuyler, then invested by the British and Indians. At the battle of Bemis Heights, Sept. 19, 1777, he com. the left wing, but resigned the post soon afterward in consequence of a quarrel with Gen. Gates, who appears to have been jealous of him. He fought with desperate courage as a volunteer without command in the decisive battle at Still- water, Oct. 7 ; was in the thickest of the fight, and, being the highest officer on the field, his orders were obeyed when practicable ; though all accounts state that his conduct was rash in the extreme. Again severely wounded in the leg, he was disabled for several months, during which Congress accorded him his full rank. In June, 1778, he was app. the command of Phila. He lived here extravagantly, ran deeply in debt, and endeavored to sustain himself by acts of peculation and rapacity. In 1779, he in. Margaret, dau. of Edward Shippen of Phila. Charges were preferred against him ; and Jan. 26, 1780, he was sentenced by a court- martial to receive a reprimand from the com- rnander-in-chief. This, though mildly adminis tered, was ill received, Arnold having 6 months previously begun his treasonable overtures to the enemy. To enhance the value of his treach ery, he sought and obtained the command of West Point, the" Gibraltar of America," which he proposed to betray into the hands of Sir II. Clinton, who had employed Maj. Andre in the negotiation. The capture of Andre, Sept. 23, 1780, led to the exposure and defeat of the plot; and Arnold narrowly escaped (Sept. 25) in the British sloop " Vulture." For his deser tion, he is said to have received as indemnity 6,315, and the grade of brig.-gen. in the British service. App. to command an exped. against Va. in Dec. 1780, he ascended the James River, and inflicted great injury by burn ing and pillage. In Sept. 1781, he led another exped., which took Fort Griswold, Ct. by assault, massacred the garrison after they had surrendered, and burned New London. In 1782, he com. the " American Legion." He afterward resided chiefly in Eng., where he was "shunned and despised by everybody except the king and a few persons in authority." In 1786 and in 1790-2, he was at St. John s, N.B., engaged in trade and navigation, but was vert unpopular, and was hung in effigy. His wife d. Lond., Aug. 24, 1804, a. 43. His son James Robertson became a gen. in the British army. See Sparks s Life of Arnold in Amer. Biog. Arnold, BENEDICT, b. Eng., Dec. 21, 1615; d. June, 1678. He resided in Provi dence as early as 1636. In 1657, he with Cod- dington, purchased of the Indians the Island of Quononoquat, afterward called Jamestown. Winthrop speaks of him as " a great friend of Massachusetts, especially in negotiations with the Indians, he having a perfect knowledge of their language. In 1653, he removed to New port; was made assist, in 1654; pres. by the Royal Charter in 1663, and so continued for 8 years. Arnold, GEORGE ("McArone"), editor and poet, d. Strawberry Farms, N.J., Nov. 3, 1865. Widely known as the author of the " McArone Papers," some biographical works, and by contributions to Vanity Fair, the Leader, and other journals. Some of his poems are of remarkable sweetness. He served with honor in the Union army during the civil war, doing duty a long time at one of the forts on Staten Island. His poetical pieces were collected and pub. in 1867 ; "Drift" and other poems, edited by Wm. Winter, in 1868. Arnold, ISAAC N., M. C. from 111. 1861-5 ; author of a " Life of Abraham Lincoln," 1866 ; b. Hardwicke, Otsego Co., N.Y., Nov. 1815 ; adm. to the bar in 1835, settled in 1836 in Chicago, where he was prominent in politics, and was in 1865-6, sixth auditor U. S. treas. Lanman. Arnold, SIR JAMES ROBERTSON, a British gen., b. Phila., 1780; d. Lond., Dec. 27, 1854. His father was Benedict Arnold the traitor. Entering the royal engineers in 1798, he at tained the rank of col. ; was transferred from that arm in 1841, and became a lieut.-gen. in 1851. He was commanding engineer at Nova Scotia and N. Brunswick in 1816-23 ; displayed great courage in the attack on Su rinam, where he was dangerously wounded, and became aide-de-camp successively to William IV. and Victoria. In person and features, he bore a striking resemblance to his father. Arnold, DR. JONATHAN, statesman, b. Providence, R.I., Dec. 14, 1741 ; d. St. Johns- bury, Vt., Feb. 1, 1793. He was a member of the Assembly in 1776, author of the act of May, 1776, repealing the laws providing for the oath of allegiance to the mother-country, member of the Old Congress in 1782-4, and surgeon in the Revol. army. After the war, moved to St. Johnsbury, Vt., where he was judge of the Orange County Court from 1782 till his death. Arnold, JOSIAS LYNDON, poet, b. Provi dence, Apr. 22, 1768; d. St. Johnsbury, Vt., June 7, 1796. Dartm. Coll. 1788. Son of Dr. Jonathan Arnold. After graduating, he taught school in Plainfk-ld, Ct., then studied law in Providence, and was adm. to prac tice, but quitted the bar for a tutorship at B. U. On his father s death, he returned to St. Johns- bury. His poems were collected after his death in a small volume (pub. 1797), with a biographical preface signed James Burrell, jun. 37 It comprises translations and imitations of Horace, short descriptive pieces, a humorous eclogue, and a few songs. Duyckinck. Arnold, LEMUEL HASTINGS, statesman, son of Dr. Jonathan, b. St. Johnsbury, Vt., Jan. 29, 1792; d. Kingston, R.I., June 27, 1852. Dartm. Coll. 1811. He practised, law in Providence in 1814-21 ; then engaged in manufactures; was a member of the council during the Dorr Rebellion in 1842-3 ; gov. of R. I. 1831-3 ; M. C. 1845-7, and represented Providence in the General Assembly in 1826-31. Arnold, LEWIS G., brig.-gen. U. S. Vols., b. N.J.Dec. 1815. West Point, 1837. Entering the 2d Art., he won two brevets in Mexico by his gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, where he com.* his company, and at Chapul- tepec. He was afterward disting. in Florida, commanding a detachment in a conflict with a large force of Seminoles at Big Cypress, Apr. 7, 1856. May 15, 1861, made maj. 1st Art., and Jan. 24, 1862, brig.-gen. vols., serv ing with the forces at N. Orleans. Lieut.-col. 2d Art. Aug. 1, 1863. Retired Feb. 8, 1864. He served at Fort Pickens in 1861-2, was in the repulse of the rebels on Santa Rosa Island, Fia., Oct. 9, 1861, and com. the Dep t of Fla. Feb.-Oct. 1862; d. South Boston Sep. 22, 1871. Arnold, PELEG, many years chief-justice of the Supreme Court of R. I. ; d. Smithfield, R.I., Feb. 13, 1820, a. 68. He was a member of the Assembly, and a delegate to Congress in 1786-8, when he was app. judge. Arnold, RICHARD, brev. maj. -gen. ^.Prov idence, R.I., 12 Apr. 1828. West Point, 1850. Son of Gov. L. H. Arnold. Entering the ar tillery, he served in Florida; was aide to Gen. Wool in Cal.; capt. 5th Art. June, 1861 ; served at Bull Run, and through the peninsular cam paign ; app. chief of art. to Gen. Banks s exped. in Nov. 1862; brig.-gen. vols. 19 Nov. 1862; rendered important service at the siege of Port Hudson, and in the Red River campaign ; was afterward also chief of cavalry dept. of the Gulf; contrib. greatly to the reduction of Ft. Morgan in Mobile Bay, in Aug. 1864; was brev. maj .-gen. vols. 22 Aug. 1865 ; and Aug. 1S66, brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A. Bartlett s R. I. Officers. Arnold, SAMUEL GREENE, historian and politician, b. Providence, R.I., 12 Apr. 1821. B. U. 1 841 . Camb. Law School, 1 845, and adm. to the R. I. bar. After travelling extensively in Europe, in the East, and in S. Amer., he be came, in 1852, lieut.-gov. of R. I., being the only man elected on the Whig ticket. Was in 1861 a delegate to the peace convention ; was atrain lieut.-gov. of the State ; took the field in 1861 in command of a battery of artillery, and as aide-de-camp to Gov. Sprague ; was again lieut.-gov. in 1862, and U. S. senator in 1863, for the unexpired term of J. F. Simmons, serv ing on the committee on naval affairs. Author of a valuable "History of R. L," 7 vols., 1859-60; the article on " Tristam Burges" in "Appleton s Cyclop. ;" " Spirit of R. I. Histo ry," a discourse before the R. I. Hist. Soc., 17 Jan. 1853 ; an address before the Amer. Insti tute, N. Y., Oct. 1850; addresses, articles in the North American and Christian Reviews, &c. Arpin, PAUL, journalist, b. France, 1811 , d. N. Y. City, 18 May, 1865. Long editor of the N. Orleans Bee, later, of the Courier des iZtats Unis, and a contrib. to the " New Amer. Cyclopaedia." Arrington, ALFRED W., lawyer, b. Ire- dell Co., N.C., Sept. 1810; d. Chicago, 111., 31 Dec. 1867. Son of Archibald (M. C. 1841-5). In 1829-34, he was a Methodist preacher in Ind. and Mo., displaying great el oquence. Adm. to the Mo. bar, he removed ab. 1835 to Ark., attained distinction ; was sent to the legisl. ; was judge of the 12th Dist. of Tex. in 1850-6; settled in Chicago in 1857, and had a high reputation as a constitutional lawyer. A fine scholar and writer, he contrib., under tbe nom de plume of " Charles Sumraerfield," to the Democratic Rev. and Southern Literary Mes senger. Arthur, Sir GEORGE, bart., a British statesman, b. June 21, 1784 ; d. Sept. 19, 1854. He early entered the army, in which he attained high rank, and, after being successively gov. of Hondufas and Van Dieman s Land, Mar. 23, 1 838, was app. lieut.-gov. of Upper Canada. His measures to suppress the rebellion of 1837-8 were prudent, vigorous, and successful, and, with the aid of Sir John Colborne, peace and harmony were completely restored. In 1839, on the union of the provinces, and the app. of C. Paulett Thompson as first gov.-gen. of Can ada, Sir George returned home, and was imme diately app. gov. of Bombay. Morgan. Arthur, TIMOTHY SHAY, author, b. near Newburg, Orange, Co., N.Y., 1809. He had little education ; was apprenticed to a trader in Baltimore ; was for several years a clerk, and, in 1833, visited the West as agent of a banking company. On his return to Baltimore, where he pub. a newspaper called the Athen&um, he began a series of short novels, chiefly of a do mestic character, which have been widely cir culated in newspapers and in cheap editions, and were quite popular. For several years, Mr. Arthur has been engaged in journalism, and has resided in Phila. since 1 841 . In connection with W. H. Carpenter, he prepared a series of school histories of several of the States. Among his later novels are, " Out in the World," " Nothing but Money," and " Our Neighbors." Artigas (ar-tee -gas), JOSE, a Montevidean gen., b. ab. 1760; d. Nov. 1825. During the insurrection of the Spanish colonies, the fate of the new republic of La Plata was for some time in his hands. In 1811, while a capt. in the royal army, he entered the service of Buenos Ayres in consequence of a quarrel with the gov. of Santo Sacramento, and, gaining a victory over the royalists at Las Piedras, the junta of Buenos Ayres speedily invested him with the command of an army with which he soon brought the Bra zilian Government to terms. Having withdrawn his troops from the siege of Montevideo, the jealousy and suspicion of Posadas, the director of the junta, were aroused ; and Artigas was outlawed. Placing himself at the head of the na tive cattle-drivers of La Plata, called Guachos, he made himself master of Santa Fe and Mon tevideo in 1815, and compelled the junta to recognize him as independent chief of the Bandit Oriental. In 1816, the Portuguese again en- 38 deavored to extend their territory to the La Plata, but, after several engagements, were forced to leave Artigas in possession of the country. In 1 820, Artigas became master of the capital, in consequence of the government having lent itself to a plot for the establishment of an hereditary government, but was defeated in a decisive battle in Oct. 1820, and was, un til his death, a captive in the hands of Francia, dictator of Paraguay. He was active and brave, and possessed an indomitable will. Asboth, ALEXANDER SANDOR, brig.-gen. U. S. Vols., b. Keszthely, Co. of Zaln, Hungary, Dec. 18, 1811 ; d. Buenos Ayres, Jan. 21, 1868. He studied at Oedenburg, served in the Aus trian army, and afterwards devoted himself to engineering. Attaching himself to the Liberals on the outbreak of the war of 1848-9, he entered the Hungarian army, took part in several bat tles, and at the close of the struggle was adj.- gen. of the army. Accompanying Kossuth to Turkey, he shared his confinement at Kutaiah, and on their release, in the autumn of 1851, came in the frigate " Mississippi " to the U. S., of which he became a citizen. He was succes sively a farmer, engineer, and manufacturer, until, in the spring of 1861, he offered his ser vices to government, and in July went as chief of Fremont s staff to Missouri. Sept. 26, he was made brig.-gen., and in Fremont s western campaign com. the 4th division. His division formed the rearguard on the retreat to Rolla. He took an active part in Gen. Curtis s winter campaign in Ark., and was prominent in the 3- days battle of Pea Ridge, where he was severely wounded. In Feb. 1863, he com. at Columbus, Ky., and in Aug. was assigned to the command of W, Florida. In the fight at Mariana, Fla., Sept. 27, 1864, his left cheekbone was broken, and his left arm fractured in two places. Brev. " maj.-gen. for his services in Fla., Mar. 13, 1865; resigned Aug. 1865. The wound in his face fi nally caused his death. App. minister to the Argentine Republic April 5, 1867. Asbury, FRANCIS, bishop of the M. E. Church, b. Handsworth, Staffordshire, Eng., Aug. 20, 1745; d. Spottsylvania, Va., Mar. 31, 1816. He became an itinerant under Wes ley in his 23d year; came to tlieU. S. in 1771 ; in 1772 was app. by Wesley general supt. in Amer., and held the office throughout the Rev olution. At the peace, the Methodists in this country organized as a body separate from the Church of Eng. ; and Asbury was consecrated bishop by Dr. Coke in 1784. For 32 years, Bishop Asbury travelled yearly through the U. S., ordaining not less than 3,000 preachers, and preaching about 17,000 sermons. Asgill, SIB CHARLES, bart., a British gen., b. I76f ; d. July 23, 1823. Son of Sir Charles, alderman of London. Entering the 1st foot guards in Feb. 1778, he became a capt. Feb. 3, 1781, and, joining the army under Cornwallis in America, was included in the surrender at Yorktown. By order of Washington, the cap tured officers of his rank drew lots, that one might suffer in retaliation for the execution of the Amer. capt. Huddy. The lot fell upon Asgill; but by the intervention of the French queen, to whom his mother had made most pa thetic appeals, he was, after 6 months deten tion, released by act of Congress. He afterwara served during the Irish rebellion, and attained the grade of gen. June 4, 1814. Ashburton, ALEXANDER BARING, lord, many years the head of the great mercantile house "Baring Brothers Co.," b. 1774; d. May 13, 1848. Son of Sir Francis Baring. After a business-education in Lond., came to the U. S. to co-operate in the business of his firm. From 1812, until he was raised to the peerage in 1835, he was a member of parlia ment. Commencing political life as a Whig, he became, on the formation of the Peel ministry in 1834, pres. of the Board of Trade. In 1842, he was app. by Peel a special commis sioner to settle the Maine boundary dispute, which then threatened to involve us in a war with Eng. In conjunction with Daniel Web ster, on the part of the U. S., an amicable set tlement was effected, known as the Ashburton Treaty. In 1798, Lord Ashburton m. the dau. of Wm. Bingham of Phila. Ashby, TURNER, brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Rose Hill, Fauquier Co., Va., 1824 ; killed near Har- risonburg, Va., June 6, 1862, in a skirmish pre ceding the battle of Cross Keys. His grand father, Jack Ashby, was a capt. in Marshall s 3d Va. regt. in the Revol. war. He engaged in the grain-business at Markham, Va., and was afterward a farmer and politician. When the civil war broke out, he raised a regt. of cavalry, and, being an accomplished horseman, soon be came celebrated. He was with Gen. T. J. Jack son, covering the retreat of his army before the advance of Gen. Banks, and subsequently of Gen. Fremont up the Shenandoah, and daily skirmishing with the Union vanguard. In May, 1862, he was app. a brig.-gen. Confed. provis ional army. Ashe, JOHN, gen., b. Eng., 1721 ; d. Du- plin Co., N.C., Oct. 24, 1781. He came to Amer. with his father, who settled on Cape Fear River, N.C., in 1727. He was some years in the Colonial legisl., and was speaker in 1762-5 ; warmly opposed the Stamp Act, and, at the head of an armed force, com pelled the stamp-master to resign. As a col. of militia, he aided Try on against the Reg ulators in 1771, but soon became a zealous republican. A member of the legisl., of the committee of correspondence and of safety, he was exceedingly active and vigilant ; was one of the first projectors of a Provincial Congress ; with 500 men, destroyed Fort Johnson, in 1775, and was denounced as a rebel. Member of the first Provincial Congress, he raised and equipped a regt. at his own expense ; was app., Apr. 23, 1776, brig, of Wilmington dis trict, and, at the close of 1778, joined Lincoln in S. C. After his surprise and defeat by Gen. Prevost, at Brier Creek, Mar. 4, 1779. he returned home. Wilmington became a British post in 1781 ; and Col. Ashe and his family suffered much at their hands. Made a prisoner, he contracted the smallpox during his confinement, of which disease he died. Ashe, JOHN BAPTISTE, soldier and states man, b. N. C., 1748; d. Nov. 27, 1802. Son of Gov. Samuel Ashe. In 1776, he was a capt. in the Continental service, and closed his mili tary career at Eutaw, a lieut.-col. He was a 39 member of the State legisl., delegate to the old Congress in 1787-8, M. C., 1790-3. Elected gov. of N. C., but died before his in auguration. Ashe, SAMUEL, jurist and statesman, bro. of Gen. John, b. N. C., 1725 ; d. Rocky Point, N.C., Feb. 3, 1813. He was a lawyer, and exhibited his patriotism and talents in the council of safety, in the Congress of N. C., of which he was a leading member in 1774-6, and also as a soldier in some of the emergencies of the times. Chief-justice of N. C. in 1777- 96, and gov. of N. C. in 1795-8. Ashe, COL. SAMUEL, son of the preced ing, b. 1763; d. near Fayetteville, N.C., Nov. 10, 1834. He was a Re vol. soldier ; was made prisoner at the capture of Charleston in 1780, and, after his exchange, served to the end of the war; first under Lafayette, and finally under Gen. Greene. He subsequently represented in the State Assembly the county of New Hano- over for many years. He was a man of great kindness and be nevolence. Ashe, THOMAS, clerk, on board his Majes ty s ship, " The Richmond," sent out in 1680; pub., on his return in 1682, " Carolina; or, a Description of the Present State of that Country, and the Natural Excellences thereof," &c. It forms 26 8vo pages in the reprint in Carroll s Hist. Coll. of S. C.Duyckinck. Ashe, THOS., called Capt. Ashe, an English traveller, author of " Travels in America in 1806;" d. 1835. Ashley, JOHN, maj.-gen., d. Sheffield, Ms., Nov. 5, 1799, a. 63. Y.C. 1758. Son of Col. John, one of the settlers, in 1732, of Hous- satonnuc, afterward Sheffield, who d. there Sept. 1, 1802, a. 92. Gen. A. com. the militia which dispersed the insurrectionary force of Shay s at Sheffield, Feb. 26, 1787. He was a lawyer, and held many public trusts. Ashley, JONATHAN, minister of Westfield ; and subsequently of Deerfield, Ms., b. 1713; d. there June, 1787. Y. C. 1730. Ord. 1738. He was a man of strong mind ; was an earnest and pungent preacher, and a warm loyalist, in consequence of which, and of the imprudent boldness with which he expressed his senti ments, difficulties occurred between him and his people. He pub. a sermon on " Church- membership ; " at the ordination of John Nor ton, Deerfield, 1741; "The Great Duty of Charity/ 1742; "A Letter to W. Cooper," 1745. Ashley, GEN. WILLIAM H., b. Powhatan Co., Va. ab. 1778; d. near Booneville, Mo., Mar. 26, 1838. He emigrated to Missouri, then Upper La. ; in 1808 settled near the lead-mines, and became brig.-gen. of militia. In 1822, he projected the "Mountain Expedition," uniting the Indian trade in the Rocky Mountains with hunting and trapping; enlisted ^ab. 300 hardy men in the business, from which they realized handsome fortunes. He was the first lieut.-gov. of Mo., and M. C. from 1831 to 1837. Lanman. Ashmead, ISAAC, printer, inventor of composition printing-rollers, d. Phila., Mar. 1, 1870, a. 80. He was a founder of the Amer. S. S. Union, and aided in establishing the Amer. Presbyterian and the Presb. Quarterly Review. Ashmun, ELI POUTER, lawyer, b. Bland ford, Ms., June 24, 1770; d. Northampton, May 10, 1819. Middlebury Coll. 1807. Ha practised law in his native town until 1807; was several years in the house and senate of Ms. ; and was U. S. senator from 1816 until his resignation in May, 1818. He received an honorary degree from H. U. in 1809. Ashmun, GEORGE, lawyer and politician, b. Blaudford, Ms., Dec. 25/1804; d. Spring field, July 17, 1870. Y. C. 1823. He settled in Springfield as a lawyer in 1828; was some years in the legisl., and was speaker in 1841. M. C. 1845-51 ; and pres. of the Chicago Nat. Repub. Convention in 1860. He was an able debater and a sterling patriot. Ashmun, JEHUDI, agent of the Amer. Colonization Soc., b. Champlain, N. Y., Apr. 1794; d. Aug. 25,1828. Burl. Coll. 1816. After preparing for the ministry, he was for a short time prof, in the Bangor Theol. Sera. Removing to the Dist. of Columbia, he edited the Theohgical Repository. App. to take charge of a re-enforcement to the colony at Liberia, he arrived at Cape Montserado, Aug. 8, 1822. He was legislator, soldier, and engi neer, laying out fortifications, and superin tending their construction, though suffering great affliction from the loss of his wife, and laboring under an attack of fever. Ab. three months after his arrival, his force of 35 men and boys was attacked by 800 armed savages, whom he repulsed, and a second time defeated them a few days later. Compelled by ill health to take a voyage to Amer., he d. a fortnight after his arrival at New Haven. He pub. " Memoirs of Rev. Samuel Bacon," 1822, and papers in the African Repository. See Life by R. R. Gurley, 8vo, 1835* Ashmun, JOHN HOOKER, legal scholar, b. Blandford, Ms., July 3, 1800; d. Cam bridge, Ms., Apr. 1, 1833. Son of Eli P. H U. 1818. He became associated with Judge Howe and Elijah H. Mills in conducting a law school at Northampton ; and, when the law- school at Cambridge was organized in 1829, he was app. prof, there. Though he d. young he had acquired a high reputation. Judge Story, in his funeral discourse, said, " The honors of the university were never more wor thily bestowed," and " he gathered about him all the honors which are usually the harvest of the ripest life." Aspinwall, COL. THOMAS, b. Brookline, May 23, 1786. H. U. 1804. Son. of Dr. Win. He studied law with Wm. Sullivan, and, at the commencement of the War of 1812, was a practitioner at the bar. App. maj. 9th U. S. Inf., which he aided in raising, Mar. 12, 1812, he received the brevs. of lieut.-col. for gallantry at Sackett s Harbor, May 29, .1813, and of col. for Brown s sortie from Fort Erie, in which he lost an arm, Sept. 17, 1814 ; and was also disting. in Gaines s victory at Fort Erie. U. S. consul at London from 1816 to 1854. Since a resident of Boston. Aspinwall, WILLIAM, M.D., physician, b. Brookline, Ms., May 23, 1743; d. Apr. 16, 1823. H. U. 1764. He studied at Phila., and took his diploma there ab. 1768. He prac tised in Brookline until the Revol. war. He 40 served as a vol. at Lexington, then as a surgeon, and afterward as deputy director of a military hospital at Jamaica Plain. He afterward engaged in inoculation for small pox, and erected hospitals in Brookline for that pui-pose, and adopted vaccine inoculation as soon as -it was introduced into the U. S. Many years a member of the house and senate of Ms., and of the executive council, also a justice of the peace, and was in politics a decided Republican. He was blind for several years before his death. William, his eldest son, also a physician of Brookline, d. 1818. Astor, JOHN JACOB, a wealthy merchant, founder of the Astor Library of N. Y., b. Waldorf, Germany, July 17, 1763; d. N. Y. City, March 29, 1848. At the age of 16, he joined his elder bro., a dealer in musical in struments, in London, and at 20, with a small stock of furs, began business in N. Y. He carried on a fur-trade with the Indians, and, extending his business to the Columbia River, founded there, in 1811, Astoria. He was long engaged in the Canton trade ; and, by judicious purchases of real estate in N.Y., accumulated an immense fortune, the bulk of which he left to his son, Win. B. Astor. Besides giving $400,000 for the library, he made many liberal donations during his life-time. His will con tained, among other charitable provisions, one of $50,000 for the benefit of the poor of his native village. The incidents of the establish ment of Astoria are narrated by Irving in his "Astoria" and in his "Life of Capt. Bonne- ville." Atahualpa (a-ta-hwal -pa), or ATABALI- PA, last inca of Peru, strangled by order of Pizarro, Aug. 29, 1533. Made king of Quito on his father s death in 1529, he soon after de posed his eldest brother Huescar, and sought to secure his seat by the murder of his children. The civil war which ensued enabled Pizarro to obtain a foothold in Peru. Obtaining posses sion of the inca s person by treachery, he was for some time kept in respectful custody to issue such orders as the conquerors dictated ; but at length, to prevent contention ab. the di vision of his ransom between his captors and the newly-arrived troops of Almagro, he was, after a mock trial, strangled at the stake. Atchison, DAVID R., U. S. senator from Mo., 1841-55, b. Frogtown, Fayette Co., Ky., Aug. 11, 1807. He settled in Liberty Co., Mo., in April, 1830 ; practised law ; was a member of the Mo. legisl. in 1834 and 1838; and, in Feb. 1841, was app. judge of the Platte Co. Circuit Court ; pres. pro tern. U. S. senate, 1846-9 and 1852-4. Prominent in the legisl. upon the or ganization of the Territories of Kansas and Ne braska, and claims to have originated the clause in the bill repealing the Missouri Compromise. He was a proslavery leader in the Kansas troubles in 1856-7. Resides in Clinton Co., Mo. Atherton, CHARLES GORDON, senator, son of Charles H., b. Amherst, N.H., 4 July, 1804 ; d. Manchester, N.H., 15 Nov. 1853. H. U. 1 822. Adm. to rhe bar in 1 825, he opened an office in Nashua, and afterward in Dunstable ; was many years a Democ. member of the N. H. iegisl., and t iree years speaker of the House. M. C. 1837-43; U. S. senator 1843-9, and again in 1853, and chairman of the finance committee. 11 Dec. 1838, he introduced re solves declaring that " Congress has no juris diction over the institution of slavery in the several States of the confederacy, and that all petitions relating to slavery, or to its abolition, be laid on the table without debate." These rules were in force until 1845. Atherton, CHARLES HUMPHREY, lawyer, b. Amherst, N.H., Aug. 14, 1773; d. there Jan. 8, 1853. H. U. 1794. Son of Hon. Josh ua. He descended from James, one of the founders of Lancaster, Ms. ; began to practise law in Amherst in 1797; soon established a reputation for solid attainments and exact hab its of investigation ; and was register of pro bate from 1798 to 1837. M. C. 1815-17, and an ardent member of the Federal party. Mem ber of the State legisl. in 1823 and 1838-9. He made valuable contributions to the collec tions of the N. H. Hist. Soc. Atherton, HUMPHREY, maj.-gen., a dis tinguished Ms. soldier; d. Boston, Sept. 17, 1661, by a fall from his horse. He came from Eng. ab. 1636, at which time he signed the covenant of the church at Dorchester. Adm. a freeman in 1638; dep. to the General Court from Dorchester for that year, and in 1639, 41, and 53, from Springfield, when he was chosen speaker. Capt. of the Art. Co. 1650. In 1654, and from 1664 to his d. he was assist., and in 1656, maj.-gen. He was much employed in negotiations with the Indians. The manner of his death is commented on by Hubbard as one of the judgments of God. Atherton, JOSHUA, lawyer and loyalist, b. Harvard, Ms., June 20, 17*37; d. Amherst, N.H., Apr. 3, 1809. H. U. 1762. Son of Col. Peter of Lancaster. He studied law, be gan practice at Petersham, removed to Litch- field, and in 1773, with the app. of register of probate of Hillsborough Co., to Amherst, where he acquired property, and reputation in his pro fession. Though an open and firm loyalist, and subjected to all the insults and indignities bestowed on such, he refused to fly. Having taken the oath of allegiance to the U. S., he was in 1779 admitted to practise in the Supe rior Court. Gradually recovering his lost popularity, he became a member of the Con vention to adopt the Federal Constitution, and led the opposition.- He objected to the provis ions concerning slaves and slavery. Subse quently he was elected to the house and senate of N. H., and in 1793 was made attorney -gen. of the State. His last office was that of com missioner for U. S. direct tax. He was re markable for courtesy, urbanity, and other social qualities. Sabine. Atkinson, HENRY, gen. ; d. June 14, 1842, at Jefferson Barracks, Mo , a. 60. He was app. from N. C. capt. 3d Inf. July 1, 1808; inspec tor-gen. Apr. 25, 1813; col. 45th Inf. Apr. 15, 1814; brig.-gen. May 13, 1820; adjutant-gen. June 1, 1821, and com. the Western army at the defeat of the Sac Indians under Black Hawk, near Bad Axe River, Aug. 2, 1 832. His bro. Gen. RICHARD served in N.C. legisl.; was col. of a N.C. regt. in the Creek war (1813-14); d. Person Co., N.C., Dec. 3, 1821. 41 Atkinson, THEODORE, judge, b. Newcas tle, N.H., Dec. 20, 1697 ; d. Sept. 22, 1779. H. U. 1718. Son of Col. Theodore. Sec. of the Colony in 1741, chief -justice in 1754, and maj.-gen. of militia in 1769. The Revol. de prived him of all these offices. A delegate to the Congress at Albany in 1754, he was one of the committee which drew up the plan of union for the defence of the Colonies. Many years in the legisl. and council ; he also held the offices of clerk of the C. C. P., col. of militia, and in active service during the French and Indian wars ; collector of Ports mouth, and sheriff. At his death, he left 200 to the Epis. Church of Portsmouth, the inter est to be spent in bread for the poor. Atkinson, THEODORE, Jun., his son, b. Portsmouth, Apr. 29, 1737; d. Oct. 28, 1769. H. U. 1757. Was a member of the council, and sec. of the Colony, 1760-9. Atkinson, WILLIAM KING, lawyer, b. Portsmouth, N.H., Jan. 6, 1764; d. Sept. 29, 1820. H. U. 1783. He changed his name, which was King, from respect to his relative, Judge A. Commencing the practice of law at Dover, N.H., he acquired high repute, was many years register of probate, was attorney- gen., and afterward a justice of the Supreme Court. Atlee, SAMUEL JOHN, col. Revol. army, b. 1738; d. Phila., Nov. 25, 1786. He com. a Pennsylvania company in the French war. Aug. 27, 1776, he com. an advanced battalion on Long Island, and was made prisoner, re maining some time in the hands of the British. He was afterward a commissioner to treat with the Indians. Member of the Continental Con gress in 1778-82, and one of the committee on the mutiny of Pa. troops in 1781. Atlee, WASHINGTON L., M.D., lecturer and medical writer, b. Lancaster, Pa., Feb. 22, 1808. Has contrib. many valuable papers to the medical journals of the U. S., and is the author of 13 pamphlets, lectures, and addresses on medicine, chemistry, botany, &c. Allibone. Atondo y Antillon, ISIDORO, a Spanish admiral concerned in the colonization of Lower California; d. in the latter part of the 17th century. He sailed from Chacala, May 18, 1683, with two vessels equipped at his own cost. Landing Oct. 6 in a great bay situated in latitude 26 30 , which he called St. Bruno, he built a church, and took possession of the territory of Lower California for the crown of Spain. After a year s exploration of the in terior, during which 400 Indians were baptized, discouraged by the sterility of the soil, Aton do quitted the bay, returned to Cinaloa, where he had formerly revictualled his ships, and en gaged in pearl-fishing. Ordered back to St. Bruno, he declined to remain there, and, after spending three years, returned. Atondo was charged with a new expedition in 1686 ; but ncne took place until 8 years after, when Francisco de Hamarra undertook it, and the colonization was afterward completed by the fathers Kino and Salva Tierra, who acco mpa- nied Atondo. Nonv. Biog. Gen. Attucks, CRISPDS, a mulatto, or half-In dian, a resident of Framingham, Ms. Killed Mar. 5, 1770, in the affray known as the Bos ton Massacre, in which he was a ringleader Several affrays had recently taken place be tween the people and the soldiery, who were mutually exasperated. Leading his party to King Street to attack the main guard, Attucks seized the bayonet of a soldier, knocked him down, and, in the fatal discharge which fol lowed, was the first to fall. The funeral of the victims was attended with great pomp and solemnity. The shops were all closed, and all the bells of the town wer^ tolled, as were those of the neighboring towns. The Massacre, as it was called, was commemorated yearly by an oration in Boston, and was effectively used to stimulate the Revol. sentiments of the people. Atwater, CALEB, author, b. N. Adams, Ms., Dec. 25, 1778 ; d. Circleville, 0., Mar. 13, 1867. Williams Coll. 1804. He practised law ; removed to 0. in 1811 ; was some years member of the legisl., and postmaster of Cir cleville ; and was an Indian commissioner un der Jackson. Author of a " Tour to Prairie du Chien in 1829," 12mo, Columbus, 1831 ; " Western Antiquities," 1833; "Writings of Caleb Atwater," 8vo, 1833; "History of Ohio," 8vo, 1838 ; and " Essay on Education," 1841. Atwater, JEREMIAH, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 1810), first pres. of Middlebury Coll., Vt., 1800-9 ; pres. of Dick. Coll. Pa., 1809-15 ; b. N. Haven, Ct., 1774; d. there 29 July, 1858. Yale Coll. 1793. Tutor there, 1795-9. Aubert Dubayet (6-bair du-bar-ya), JEAN BAPT. ANNIBALE, a French soldier, b. La., Aug. 19, 1757 ; d. Constantinople, Dec. 17, 1797. In 1780, he was a lieut. in the regt. Bourbonnais in the army of Rochambeau, serv ing in America; and at the outset of the French Revol. was a capt. of cavalry in gar rison at Metz. A deputy in the legislative assembly in 1791, he was in 1792 its pres., and a defender of Lafayette. Brig. -gen. in 1793, he defended Mayence, and on its surrender led the garrison against the Vendeans, who defeated him at Clisson. In 1795, he com. the army of the coast of Cherbourg, but was called to the ministry of war by the Directory, and 3 months later was sent ambassador to Constantinople, where he died. Auberteuil, HILLARD D , see Hilliard d A. Aubry, capt., Knight of St. Louis; d. Feb. 24, 1770. Made prisoner by Sir Wm. Johnson at Niagara, in 1759, and was in com. of 4 companies at N. Orleans, where he suc ceeded to the government of La., Feb. 4, 1765. In Mar. 1766, he surrendered the colony to Gov. Ulloa, upon whose expulsion in 1768, he continued to administer the government until relieved by Gen. O Reilly, in July, 1769. He then sailed for Bordeaux, and was wrecked in the Garrone, nearly all on board perishing. O Callaghan. Aubrey, COL. THOMAS, a British officer ; d. Jan. 15, 1814. Son of Sir Thomas. En sign 9th Foot, Oct. 26, 1762; capt. 47th, 1771, and engaged at Bunker Hill, 1775; maj. 1782. He served through the Amer. war, particular ly distinguishing himself in command of the troops upon Diamond Island, where he acquit ted himself so as to receive the thanks of tho 42 -A.UG commander in chief. M. P. for Wallingford, 1 784-90. Auch.mu.ty, ROBERT, an eminent lawyer, d. Boston, Apr. 1750. His father, the descend ant of an ancient Scotch baronial family, settled in Eng. ; but Robert, after receiving his educa tion in Dublin, and studying law at the Temple, came to this country ab. the commencement of the 1 8th century, and established himself at Boston, where he was in practice ab. the year 1719. In Sept. 1733, he was made judge of the Court of Admiralty ; and in 1740 was one of the directors of the Land Bank. In 1741, he was sent to Eng. as agent for the Colony in the boundary dispute with R. I. While there, he advocated the exped. to Cape Breton in a pam phlet, entitled "The Importance of Cape Breton to the British Nation, and a Plan for taking the Place." His talents were extraordinary ; and he was famous for his wit and shrewdness. To him, it is said, the profession in Ms. is indebted for the high character it has since maintained. He was a resident of Roxbury from 1733 till his death. He left two sons, Samuel and Rob ert; a dau., who became the wife of Chief-Jus tice Benjamin Pratt of N.Y. ; and also a third son James, a talented lawyer, and a judge in Nova Scotia. Auchmuty, ROBERT, lawyer, son of the preceding, b. Boston ; d. Marylebone, Eng., Dec. 1788. His great natural talents and in dustry enabled him to dispense with a collegiate education. He was an eloquent and successful advocate, and, with Adams and Quincy, de fended Capt. Preston and the British soldiers engaged in the Boston Massacre. He was judge of admiralty from 1769 till 1776, when, being a zealous royalist, he went to Eng. His letters to persons in Eng. were sent to Amer., with those of Gov. Hutchinson, by Franklin, in 1773, and created great excitement. Auchmuty, SAMUEL, D.D., bro. of the preceding, an Episcopal clergyman, b. Boston, Jan. 16, 1722; d. N.Y., Mar. 6, 1777. H. U. 1742. He studied in Eng.; wasord.,andapp. an assist, minister of Trinity Church, N.Y., and in 1764, upon the death of the rector, was assigned the charge of all the churches in that city. Op posed, like most of his Episcopal brethren, to the Revol., he continued to read prayers in his church for the king, until Lord Stirling, while in command in N. Y., compelled him to close his church. When the British obtained possession of the city, he resolved to return, but, not being allowed to pass the Amer. lines, re turned on foot by a circuitous route, after un dergoing great hardships. His church and parsonage had been burnt to the ground, and his papers and the church-records all destroyed. The Sunday following, he preached in St. Paul s for the last time; an illness, brought on by his exposure and hardships, terminating his life in a few days. He received his degree of D.D. from Oxford, and from Kings Coll. in 1767. Trumbull calls him a " high-church clergyman," and makes him the subject of re mark in " McFingal." Auchmuty, SIR SAMUEL, a British gen., son of Rev. Samuel, b. N.Y., June 22, 1758; d. Dublin, Aug. 11, 1822. Kings Coll. 1775. lie volunteered in the 45th Foot in Aug. 1776 ; was in the battles of Brooklyn and White Plains ; and, after serving in three campaigns against his countrymen, procured a captaincy in the 75th, with which he served in India from 1783 to 1796, and was at the first siege of Se- ringapatam. He was adj.-gen. to Abercrom- by s exped. to Egypt in 1800; was employed as a brig.-gen. in South America in 1806 ; and, in Feb. 1807, took by assault, after a most de termined resistance, the fort and city of Monte video, for which he was thanked by parliament. In 1810, he com. the forces in the Carnatic ; in 1811, reduced the valuable settlements of Java and Batavia, was again thanked by parlia ment, and, returning to Eng. in 1813, was made a lieut.-gen., and in 1822 commander in chief in Ireland. Audubou, JOHN JAMES, ornithologist, b. N. Orleans, May 4, 1780 ; d. Minniesland, near N. Y., Jan. 27, 1851. His father had been an admiral in the French navy. From his earli est years, his parents trained his mind to the study of Nature. He was educated at Paris, where he attained considerable skill as a painter, under the tuition of the celebrated David. At 17, he returned home, and began a collection of drawings of the " Birds of America." His fa ther gave him a farm in Pa., and he married. " For a period of nearly 20 years," he says in the preface to his great work, " my life was a series of vicissitudes. I tried various branches of commerce; but they all proved unprofitable." As early as 1810, he sailed down the Ohio with his wife and child in an open boat, in search of a congenial spot for his forest home. Devoting all his energies to his favorite pursuit, hardly a region in the U. S. was left unvisited. Wilson the ornithologist was his companion in some of his Western excursions. In 1811, Audubon visited Florida, gathering by his rifle and pen cil the subjects of his great work. With a view to its publication, he went to Phila. and N.Y. in 1824, and in 1826 to Europe, to obtain sub scribers. From Herschel, Cuvier, and Hum- boldt, whom he had known in Amer., he had a warm reception. "The Birds of America" appeared in numbers, beginning in 1825, and was completed in 4 vols., June 20, 1838, ex ceeding by its merits all expectation. In 1829, he returned to the U.S. ; and, renewing his explorations, found materials for a new work, called " Ornithological Biographies." He vis ited Eng. in 1834, and, returning in 1839, estab lished himself on the banks of the Hudson. There, with the aid of Dr. Bachman, he pre pared " The Quadrupeds of America," pub. in 1850. He was a man of simple manners, but of marked characteristics of genius and energy. He was assisted in some of his labors by his two sons, the younger of whom, John W., d. Feb. 21, 1862, while preparing a new edition of the "Birds of America," afterward completed and pub. by his widow in 1869. Augur, CHRISTOPHER COLON, brig -gen. U.S.A., b. N. Y. ab. 1821. West Point, 1843. App. from Mich., he entered the 2d Inf. ; was aide-de-camp during the Mexican war to Brig.- Gen. Hopping, and, after his death, to Gen. Ca leb Gushing; capt. Aug. 1, 1852; and was in 1855-6 disting. in several conflicts with the Indians of Oregon. Maj. 13th Inf. May 14, 43 -A.TJS 1861, he was a short time com. of cadets at West Point, and Nov. 12 became brig,-gen. of vols. He was first assigned a command in Mc Dowell s corps ; in July, 1862, took a division in the army corps of Gen. Banks, and was wounded at the battle of Cedar Mountain, Aug. 9, 1862. In Oct., he was a member of the court of inquiry to investigate the surrender of Har per s Ferry, and in Nov. was ordered to report to Gen. Banks for service in his Southern exped. He was made maj.-gen. 9 Aug. 1862; col. 12th Inf. Mar. 15, 1866; Mar. 4, 1869, brig.-gen. U. S. A. He won the brevets of brig.-gen. U. S. A. at the capture of Port Hudson, and maj.- gen. for services in the field during the Rebellion. He com. the dept. of Washington from Oct. 1863 to Aug. 1866. Assigned to the dept. of the Platte in 1867. Augur, HEZEKIAH, sculptor, b. Feb. 21, 1791, N. Haven, Ct.; d. there Jan. 10, 1858. Not succeeding in trade, he turned his attention to art, and in 1827 chiselled a Washington and a Sappho. He produced several works, the best of which is his " Jephthah and his Daughter," in the Trumbull Gallery of Yale Coll. Pos sessing also much mechanical genius, his inven tion of the carving machine is now in general and successful use. A. M. of Y. C. 1833. Augustus, JOHN, a philanthropic shoe maker of Boston ; d. there June 21, 1859, a. 74. For more than 20 years he attended the crimi nal courts for the purpose of endeavoring to re claim the poor and unfortunate, to whom his purse and his house were always open. Aulick, JOHN H., commo. U. S. N., b. Va. Midshipman, Nov. 15, 1809; master s mate in the action between "The Enterprise" and "Boxer," Sept. 4, 1813; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; com. Mar. 3, 1831 ; capt. Sept. 8, 1841 ; commo. retired list, July 1 6, 1 862. He com. E. I. squad. 1852-3; d. Washington, D.C., April 27, 1873. Aury, Luis DE, was from New Grenada; became a lieut. in the navy, 9 June, 1813 ; and com. the naval forces of New Grenada at the siege of Carthagena. Sept. 1, 1816, he ac companied Herrera to Texas as commo. of the united fleets of the Republics of Mexico, Vene zuela, La Plata, and New Grenada ; was app. gov. of Texas and Galveston Island, and held the office until 1817. In July, 1817, he aided Sir Gregor McGregor in the exped. against Florida; and afterwards assisted the patriots of the South Amer. republics. He m. a lady of N. Orleans, resided there some time, and was in 1845 at Havana. Yoakum s Texas. Austin, DAVID, b. N. Haven, 1760. Yale Coll. 1779. Minister of Elizabethtown, N.J., from 1788 to 1797, when dismissed for his second-advent opinions, and of Bozrah, Ct., from 1815 to his death, Norwich, Feb. 5, 1831. He pub. the "American Preacher," by various ministers, 4 vols., "The Downfall of Babylon," and some sermons, and edited a commentary on the Bible. Austin, BENJAMIN, political writer, b. Boston, 1752 ; d. there May 4, 1820. Son of Benjamin, who d. Boston, Mar. 14, 1806, a 89. His mother was a Waldo. He was a merchant and a political writer before the Revol. In 1784, he engaged in business with his bro. J. L. Austin. He engaged zealously on the Democ. or Republican side of tne viol ent po litical controversy, which terminated in the triumph of Jefferson, and was app. by him commissioner of loans for Ms. He was a member of the house and senate of Ms., and was long known as a writer in the Independent Chronicle, under the signatures of Honestus and Old South. His essays under the latter title were pub. in 8vo, in 1803. His son CHARLES attempted, in 1806, to chastise Thos. O. Selfridge for abuse of his father, and was killed by him in State Street, Boston. Selfridge was tried and acquitted. Austin, JAMES TRECOTHIC, LL.D., law yer and author, b. Boston, Jan. 7, 1784 ; d. there May 8, 1870. H. U. 1802. Son of Jonathan L. Austin. He was town advocate in 1809, member of the State legisl., county attorney for Suffolk, 1812-32, and attorney-gen, of Ms. in 1832-43. He delivered an oration at Lexington, July 4, 1815; edited the Emer ald, a literary periodical; was a contributor to the Christian Examiner and to various polit ical journals ; pub. several orations and other similar productions, and in 1828 a "Life of Elbridge Gerry," whose dau. he m. in 1806. He was an anti-Federalist, and a decided op ponent of the antislavery movement. Austin, JONATHAN LORING, a merchant, b. Boston, Jan. 2, 1748 ; d. there May 10, 1826. H. U. 1766. Son of Hon. Benj. Austin. He became a merchant in Portsmouth, N.H. ; was maj. in Langdon s regt. ; became aide-de camp to Gen. Sullivan, and was sec. of the board of war in Ms. until Oct. 1777. De spatched to France with the news of Burgoyne s surrender, and to obtain supplies of clothing, &c., for the army, the good Dr. Chauncy prayed, that, " whatever might befall the young man, the packet might be preserved." Arriving in Nov., Dr. Franklin transferred to the messenger of such glorious tidings the affection of a father ; constituted him additional private sec., and sent him as an agent to London. Charged with the despatches of the commissioners to Congress, he arrived in Phila., May, 1779. Sent to Europe by the State of Ms., in Jan. 1780, to negotiate a loan, he was captured on the passage ; was liberated in Eng. by means of his old friends, but did not succeed in his mission, and returned in the fall of 1781. He served many years in the State senate ; represented Cambridge in the legisl., and was successively elected sec. and treas. of the State. He delivered the oration, July 4, 1786, in Boston. Loring s Bost. Orators. Austin, COL. JONATHAN WILLIAMS, son of Benj., a Revol. patriot, b. Boston, Apr. 18, 1751 ; d. in a Southern State in the summer of 1778. H.U. 1769. He read law with John Adams ; was adm. to the Suffolk bar, July 27, 1772 ; was a member of the Middlesex con vention in 1774, and chairman of the com mittee that prepared resolutions adopted by the convention. Maj. in the army of the Revol., and in 1776 com. at Castle William. He wrote poetical and political essays, and de livered the oration on the Boston Massacre, March 5, 1778. Loring s Boston Orators. Austin, REV. JOHN MATHER, b. N.Y., 1805. Author of " Voice to Youth," " Voice tu 44 the Married," "Sunday-School Exposition," " Life of John Quincy Adams," &c. Alli- bone. Austin, MOSES, Texan pioneer, b Dur ham, Ct. ; d. Louisiana, June 10, 1821. Emi grating West with his family in 1798, he engaged in lead-mining from 1800 to 1820, when he was at Bexar, Tex. He applied to the Mexican commandant at Monterey for permis sion to colonize 300 families in Tex. ; and the enterprise was successfully prosecuted by his son Stephen F. On his return to the Sabine in Jan. 1821, he was robbed, and caught a severe cold, which caused his death. Austin, SAMUEL, D.D. (Williams Coll. 1807), pres. of the U. of Vt. (1815-21), b. New Haven, Ct., Oct. 7, 1760; d. Glastenbury, Ct., Dec. 4, 1830. Y.C. 1783. He spent two years in teaching, and in the study of divinity ; was ord. at Fairhaven, Nov. 9, 1786, but was dismissed Jan. 19, 1790; and was many years pastor of the First Cong. Church at Worcester. Here he became celebrated for his eloquence and learning, and acquired great popularity. In 1821, he took charge of a small and pecuniarily-embarrassed congregation at New port, R.I., once under the care of the celebrated Dr. Hopkins. Increasing age and infirmities occasioned his return to Worcester in 1825. For the last three years of his life, he was partially deranged. He pub. " A View of the Church," 1807 ; "Letters on Baptism," 1805 ; " Reply to Merill s Letters," 1806 ; " Disserta tions on Several Fundamental Articles of Christian Theology," 1806; a number of sermons, orations, and addresses, also numer ous contributions to the periodicals of his time. Sprague. Austin, STEPHEN F., founder of the first Amer. col. in Tex., son of Moses ; d. Dec. 27, 1836. Leaving Natchitoches, July 5, 1821, to prosecute the grant for the formation of a colony previously issued to his father, he went to the city of Mexico, where it was con firmed Feb. 18, 1823. By it he was invested with almost absolute power over the colonists of Austin, then the capital of Tex., the site of which he selected. A convention met Mar. 1, 1833, without the concurrence of the Mex ican population, to form a State constitution ; and Austin was one of the delegates to the central government at Mexico, to obtain its ratification. In consequence of the delays he met with, he recommended a union of all the municipalities, and the organization of a State under the Ada Constitutive^ of May 7, 1824. Arrested, and taken back to Mexico, he was detained until Sept. 1835. Finding the country in a state of confusion and insecurity upon his return, he took part with the revol. party ; was put in command of a small force, and undertook to drive the Mexicans out of Tex. Gen. Houston was elected to the command of the army in Nov. 1835 ; and Austin was made commissioner to the U.S. He returned to Tex. in July, 1836, and, at the time of his death, was engaged in negotiations to obtain the official recognition of Texan independence. A biography of him by M. B. Lamar was said to have been prepared. Austin, WILLIAM, lawyer and author, b. Charlestown, Ms., Mar. 2, 1778; d. there June 27, 1841. H.U. 1798. In 1801, he de livered an oration at Charlestown on the battle of Bunker s Hill. His " Letters from London," written in 1802 and 1803, were printed in Boston, 8vo, 1804. Ab. 1805, he was wounded in a duel with James H. Elliott, growing out of a political newspaper alter cation. In 1807, he pub. a vol. of Unitarian views, entitled " An Essay on the Human Character of Jesus Christ." He contrib. to the New-England Galaxy a remarkable legendary tale, entitled " Peter Rugg, the Missing Man," and to the New-England Magazine the paper " The Late Joseph Natterstrone." He was eminent at the bar of Suffolk and Middle sex. Duyckinck. Autichamp d (do-te-shon ), ANTOINE JOSEPH EULALIE DE BEAUMONT, COMTE, a French gen., b. 1744; d. 1822. He served in Corsica, where he was wounded at the affair of Pontegolo. Returning to France, he became col. of the inf. regt. of Agenois, and led it in America under Rochambeau, distinguishing himself at Yorktown and at the taking of St. Christopher s, where he had the misfortune to lose his eldest son. During the Revol., he emigrated, served in all the campaigns of the army of Conde, and returned to France during the consulate. Avalos y Piguera (a-vii -los efe-ga -ra), DON DIEGO DE, author of" Miscellanea Aus tral," Lima, 1602 ; was of a noble family of Ecija, and left Spain on account of a hopeless passion. The last 15 chapters of his book, which is in prose and verse, treat of the history and antiquities of Peru. Avaugour (dar vd-goor ), PIERRE DU Bois, BARON D , gov. of Canada, 1661-3 ; killed in 1 664, while defending the fort of Serin in Croatia against the Turks. He had gained distinction in the wars of Hungary, and, being of resolute and unbending character, v/as, while gov. of New France, constantly engaged in disputes with the clergy, especially with Bish op Laval, who caused his recall. In 1662, he made a treaty with the Onondaga, Cavuga, and Seneca nations. Morgan. Averell, GEN. WM. WOODS, b. Cameron, Steuben Co., N.Y., Nov. 5, 1832. ^ W. Pt. 1855. Entering the mounted rifles, he disting. himself in N. Mexico by the surprise and capture of a party of Kiowas in Dec. 1857, and was severely wounded in a night-attack by the Navajoes in the autumn of 1858. 1st lieut. 14 May, 1861 ; col. 3d Pa. Cav. ; capt. 3d U.S. Cav. 17 July, 1862; brig.-gen. vols. 26 Sept. 1862. He took part in the battles of Williamsburg, Malvern Hill, and of Pope s campaign, July-Aug. 1862 ; re-enforced Pleasonton in the advance of the army after Antietam ; was brev. maj. for Kel- ley s Ford, Va., where he com. 17 Mar. 1863 ; com. the 2d div. of Stoneman s caval. corps of Hooker s army ; won a decisive victory over a force of 4,000 rebels at Droop Mountain, 6 Nov. 1863, for which he was brev. lieut.-col.; and brev. col. 15 Dec. 1863, for services in the Salem exped. in Va. He served in West Va. under Siegel, Hunter, and Sheridan in 1864, and was in the actions of Winchester, Moor- field, Opcquan, and Fisher s Hill, and was brev 45 maj.-gen. for Moorfield, 13 Mar. 1865. U.S. consul-gen, in Canada since 1866. Avery, EPHRAIM K., Meth. clergyman, b. Ct. ab. 1799 ; d. Pittsfield, O., Oct. 23, 1869. He was noted for eloquence and ability, and was stationed at Fall River in 18323, when the murder and seduction of Sarah Maria Cornell, a member of his church with whom he had been intimate, led to the suspicion that he was the murderer. He was tried and ac quitted by an ecclesiastical court ; and a civil court failed to make a case against him : but the community believed him guilty ; and he withdrew from the ministry, and removed to <)., where he was an industrious and highly - resnected farmer. Avery, WAITSTILL, Revol. patriot, b. Groton, Ct., May 3, 1745 ; d. Burke Co., N.C., Mar. 15, 1821. N. J. Coll. 1766. He studied law in Md., and, in Jan. 1769, settled in practice in Mecklenburg, N.C. He was prominent among the petitioners and remonstrants of that day against the oppressive acts of the govern ment, and also in the famous Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. In 1775, he was a delegate to the Congress at Hillsborojigh which organized the military force of the State. In the summer of 1776, he joined the army of Gen. Rutherford in the Cherokee nation, and was a commissioner at the treaty of Holston, which gave peace to the western frontier. In the fall of 1 776, he was again a member of the State Congress. In 1779, he was col. of the county militia in active service during the British in vasion. In 1781, he moved to Burke Co., which he represented many years in the State legisl. He was the first State attorney-gen, of N.C. in 1777, and, for some years before his death, the patriarch of the N.C. bar. Avezac, AUGUSTE D , lawyer, b. of French parents in the Isle of St. Domingo, 1777; d. Feb. 15, 1851. He was educated at a military ^acad. in France, while his family was obliged by the insurrection of the blacks to take refuge in the U.S. Studying medicine in N.C., he practised in Accomac Co., Va. ; but, after the annexation of La., by advice of his relative, Edward Livingston, he studied law, and became disting., especially in criminal cases. In the War of 1812, he served as judge-advocate, and aide to Jackson at the battle of New Orleans. In 1 829, Pres. Jackson app^. him sec. of legation to the Netherlands, charge d affaires in 1831 ; and in 1841 and 1843, he was a representative in the N. Y. legisl. ; charge d affaires to Holland, 1845-9. He prepared " Reminiscences of Ed ward Livingston," a portion of which was pub. in the Democratic Review in 1840. Avezac, PIERRE VALENTIN DOMINIQUE JCLIAN D , a French scholar, b. St. Domingo, Jan. 17, 1769; d. U.S., Feb. 1, 1831. Edu cated in France, at the outbreak of the French Revol., he returned to his native island, vainly hoping to save some of his property there. He came to N. Orleans, and occupied himself in literary pursuits. Avezac was pres. of the first college established at N. Orleans. He is the author of the French official translation of the penal code of La. His niece, the young widow de Lasay, m. Edward Livingston, author of that code Ayezzana (a-vet-za -na), JOSEPH, an Italian patriot, and merchant in N.Y. City, b.at Chieri, Piedmont, Feb. 19, 1797. He fought under Napoleon in 1813 and 14; served in the Sar dinian army until Mar. 1821 ; next served as capt. of inf. in the Liberal cause in Spain, but was taken prisoner, and came to America, ar riving at N. Orleans at the close of 1823. In 1825, he visited Mexico, obtained a grant of land on the site of the present city of Tampico., and in a short time gained a competence. In 1832, he espoused the cause of Santa Ana; was intrusted with the defence of the city ; gained a complete victory over Gen. Mora at Ciudad Victoria, and on the triumph of the Liberals, resigned his command, having been previously named gen. of Tamaulipas, Coha- huila, Texas, and Nuevo Leon. In 1834, he established himself in business in N.Y., where he married an Irish lady ; but, on the revol. outbreak of 1848, returned to Italy, and was app. commanding gen. of the National Guards of Genoa. After an unsuccessful struggle, he resigned, and withdrew on board the U.S. steamer " Princeton." Landing at Civita Vec- chia, he hastened to Rome, then under a re publican government, and was app. minister of war and com.-in-chief of the army. For two months, this small force kept at bay 4 armies, amounting to 100,000 men; but on the night of July 2, he fled in disguise, and at the close of Aug. reached N.Y., where he has since resided. Appleton s New Amer. Cydop. Axtell, COL. WILLIAM, loyalist, b. on the Island of Jamaica, 1720 ; d. Sept. 2, 1795, at Chertsey, Eng. He resided many years in N.Y., where he m. Margaret, dau. of Abraham De Peyster, and was app. a member of the council, May 4, 1771. During the Revol., by which he lost a large estate, he was col. of a provincial corps, became entitled to half-pay, and received from parliament a considerable sum of money as a loyalist. He was descended from the celebrated Col. Daniel Axtell, who was executed by Charles II. for the part he took in the great rebellion. He went to Eng. in 1783. Ayer, PETER, one of the founders of the society of Shakers at Canterbury, N.H., b. 1760; d. there Sept. 14, 1857. He was a powerful and athletic man, and a soldier of the Revol. before becoming a member of the sect with which he was connected 70 years. Ayeta (a-ya -ta) FRANCISCO DE, a Fran ciscan friar, author of "Apologia del Orden de S. Francisco en la America," 1690, also "Ver- dad Vindicada," or "La Verdad Defrndida;" the three titles, perhaps, of the same work. He was custodian of the province of Santo Evangelio, and procurador-gen. of the Indies Duycfcinck. Ay lion (da-Il-y5n), LUCAS VASQUEZ DE, a Spanish adventurer, who in 1509 was council lor of the superior tribunal of St. Domingo, and was afterward employed by Cortes on a mission to Velasquez, who was arming against him ; d. 1526. In 1520, he made an exped. to Florida, landed near the mouth of the Conebahee River, S.C., treacherously made captive a large num ber of the natives, who nearly all perishedj and named the country " Chicora." He after 46 ward returned, wishing to found a colony, and obtained provisions of the gov. of Chicora, but was ruined by the expense. He is believed to have perished in a second exped. to Florida. Aylmer (aT-mer) MATTHEW WHIT- WORTH, fifth lord, a British gen., b. 1775 ; d. Lond., Feb. 23, 1850. He succeeded to the peerage on the death of his father Henry, Oct. 22, 1785, entered the array as ensign 49th Foot in 1787, served at the siege of Copenhagen, in Portugal in 1809, in the peninsular campaigns, and became a full gen. May 27, 1825. He was gov.-gen. of Canada from 1830 to Sept. 1833, and was held in high estimation by the Canadians. Morgan. Ayolas, DE or D AYOLAS JUAN, a Span ish adventurer who sailed with Pedro de Men- doza in 1534, on a voyage of conquest and discovery to the La Plata. Mendoza, having been disabled by disease in 1536, gave the com mand to Ayolas, who ascended the Paraguay to Asuncion, where he defeated the natives, and remained six months. Leaving a garrison there, he ascended the river about 80 leagues, and then marched westward with 200 Span iards. He never returned. An Indian re ported that Ayolas and his men were decoyed into a morass, and killed by the Payngos. Ayres, ROMEYN B., brev. maj.-gen. U. S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1847. He served in the 3d Art. in the Mexican war, 1847-8; became capt. 5th Art. May 14, 1861; brig.-gen. vols. Nov. 29, 1862; was engaged at Bull Run ; chief of Art. of Gen. W. F. Smith s div. Oct. 1861 to Nov. 1862, and of the 6th Corps from Nov. 1862 to Apr. 1863; was in the peninsular campaign ; was engaged at South Mountain, Antietam, and Fredericks- burg; com. a brigade in 5th Corps at Chan- cellorsville ; com. div., and brev. maj. for Get tysburg, July 2, 1 863 ; served through the Richmond campaign of 1864-5, earn ing brevs. of lieut.-col. for battle of Wilderness, May 5, 1864 ; col. Aug. 18, 1864, for battle on Wei- don Railroad ; brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. Mar. 13, 1865, for battle of Five Forks, and for gal lant and meritorious services during the Rebel lion; lieut.-col. 28th Inf. July 28, 1866. Cullum. Azara (de-ath-a ra) FELIX DE, Spanish naturalist, b. May 18, 1746; d. Aragon, 1811. He was educated in part at the military acad. at Barcelona; was wounded in the exped. .igainst Algiers in 1775 ; became a lieut.-col. of engineers, and was app. a commissioner to determine the boundaries of the Spanish and Portuguese territories in S. Amer. Reaching his destination in 1781, he devoted much time to constructing correct maps of the country, and in preparing his " Natural History of the Quadrupeds of Paraguay," pub. soon after his recall in 1801. This work was pub. in French ny Moreau St. Mery, in 2 vols. 8vo. While in Paris in 1803, he made the acquaintance of M. Walkenaer, who pub. Azara s travels in S. Amer. from 1781 to 1801, with notes by the celebrated Cuvier, 4 vols, 8vo, 1809. Azevedo Coutinho (a-za-va -do ko-teV- yo), JOSE JOAQUIM DA CUNHA, a Portuguese bishop and author, b. Brazil, Sept. 8, 1742; d. Sipt. 12, 1821. He pub. in 1792 " Ensais economico sobre o commercio de Portugal e sua colonias." In 1794, he was made bishop of Pernambuco. He pub. in London, 1798 a pamphlet against the abolition of the slave- trade by Great Britain. Shortly before his death, he was chosen to the Cortes as a repre sentative of Rio de Janeiro. Chosen bishop of Elvas, he declined, and was app. inquisitor- gen. Author of a memoir on the conquest of Rio de Janeiro bv Dugnai Trouin in 1711. Azevedo y ^uniga (a-tha-va do e thoon- yee -ga) GASPAKD DE, Count of Monterey, a Spaniard, who in 1603 succeeded Luis deVe- lasco as viceroy of Peru and Mexico ; d. Mar 16, 1606. He equipped a fleet to search for the great southern continent, which, under the command of Pedro Fernandez de Quirre, dis covered several islands ab. lat. 28 S. Babbitt, ISAAC, inventor of the " Babbitt Metal" used in all railroad-car axle-boxes, b. Taunton, Ms., 26 July, 1799; d. McLean Asylum, Somerville, Ms., 26 May, 1862. He learned the trade of a goldsmith, and ab. 1831 made at Taunton the first bri tan nia- ware man ufactured in this country. Removing to Bos ton in 1834, he was employed in Alger s foundry, and ab. 1839 invented the anti-friction metal which bears his name. He received in 1841 a gold medal from the Ms. Char. Mech. Asso., and from Congress $20,000, for this valuable invention, for which he took out pat ents in Eng. in 1844, and in Russia in 1847. He was for many years engaged in the manu facture of this metal, and subsequently carried on the manufacture of soap. He became de ranged a few years before his death. Babcock, MAJ. ELISHA, pub. the Amer ican Mercury 37 years ; d. Hartford, Ct., Feb. 1821, a. 68. Babcock, COL. HENRY, b. R.I., 1736 ; d. 1800. Y. C. 1752. Son of Chief-Justice Bab cock of R. I.; bro. of Rev. Luke (b. 1738; d. 18 Feb. 1777. Y. C. 1755). At 18, he was a capt. ; at 19, he was in the force under Col. Williams, which was defeated at Lake George ; maj. in 1756, lieut.-col. in 1757, and col. in 1758, of a R.I. regt., with which he took part in the attack on Ticonderoga, and was wound ed in the knee. He was afterwards at its cap ture by Amherst. M. and settled at Stonin- ton, Ct. Made, in Feb. 1776, com. of the forces at Newport, but was removed in May on account of insanity. Babcock, RUFUS, D.D., clergyman and author, b. N. Colebrook, Ct., Sept 18, 179S. B.U. 1821. He was 2 years tutor in Col. Coll., D.C. ; was ord. pastor of the Baptist Church Poughkeepsie, 1823; became pastor 1st Baptist Church, Salem, 1826; was pres. of Waterville Coll., Me., in 1833-6; and for 3J- years was pastor of the Spruce-st. Church, Phila. ; he then returned to his former charge in Poughkeepsie, and is now settled in Paterson, N. J. He was twice sec. of the Amer. and Foreign Bible Soci ety, and has been sec. of the S.S. Union and the Pa. Colonization Society. He founded and for 5 years edited the Baptist Memorial ; pub. "Claims of Education Societies," 1829; "Re view of Beckwith s Dissuasive from Contro versy on Baptism," 1829; " Making Light of Christ," 1830; "Memoirs" of Fuller, 1*30 47 BA.C George Learned, 1832, Abraham Booth, and Isaac B ickus ; " History of Waterville Coll.," 1836; -Tales of Truth for the Young," 1837 ; "Personal Recollections of Rev. John M. Peck, I). D.," 1858; and "The Emigrant s Mother," 1859; d. Salem, Mass. May 4, 1875. Bache (batch), ALEXANDER DALLAS, LL. D., A.A.S., physicist, b. Phila., July 19, 1806 ; d. Newport, R.I., Feb. 17, 1867. West Point, 1825. He was a great-grandson of Dr. Frank lin ; and his mother was the dau. of A. J. Dal las. He was a lieut. of engineers until his res ignation in 1829, engaged in constructing Fort Adams and other works at the entrance of Nar- ragansett Bay. From 1827-32, he was prof, of chem, and nat. philos. in the U. of Pa., and then took charge of the organization of Girard Coll., spending some time in 1836 inspecting the great schools of Europe, publishing, upon his return, a valuable report on the subject. In 1839, he resigned his connection with this coll., and became in 1841 principal of the Phila. High School. In 1843, he was app. su perintendent of the U. S. coast-survey. Its valuable contributions to geodetic and physical science are found in the annual reports of the survey, and in the proceedings of the Asso. for the Advancement of Science. He was one of the founders of the Amer. Asso. for the Pro motion of Science, took a prominent part in founding the Amer. Acad. of Science, was made pres. of the Amer. Philos. Society in 1855, and was an active and efficient member of the U.S. Sanitary Commission throughout the war. The degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by the U. of N.Y. in 1836, by the U. of Pa. in 1837, and by H.U. 1851. He was made a regent of the Smithsonian Institution in Aug. 1846. In 1833, he edited Brewster s "Optics," with notes. He pub. " Observations " at the Observatory of Girard Coll. 1840-5, 3 vols. 8vo; "Report of Experiments to navigate the Chesap. and Del. Canal by Steam," 8vo, Phila., 1834, and contrib. many valuable papers to the scientific journals of the day. Bache, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, journalist, son of Richard, b. Phila., Aug. 12, 1769; d. there Sept. 10, 1798. He accompanied his grandfather, Dr. Franklin, to Paris, was edu cated in France and Geneva, and gained a knowledge of printing in the celebrated publish ing-house of Didot. Returning in 1785, he studied for a time in the Coll. of Phila., and in Oct. 1790 began to publish the General Adver tiser, afterwards called the Aurora, the ablest and most influential, as well as the most vio lent, opposition journal during the administra tions of Washington and Adams. Bache, FRANKLIN, M.D., an eminent phy sician, great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin, son of B. F. Bache, b. Phila., Oct. 25, 1792; d. there Mar. 19, 1864. U. of Pa. 1810; M.D. 1814. He was an assist, surgeon in the army in 1813, and surgeon in 1814-16, when he re signed, and began practice in Phila. Physician to the Walnut-st. Prison, 1824-36; prof, of chemistry to the Franklin Institute, 1826-32; physician to the Eastern Penitentiary, 1829-39; prof, of chemistry in the Phila. Coll. of Phar macy, 1831-41 ; and from 1841 to his death held the same chair in the Jeff. Med, Coll. ; pres. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1854-5, and at his death pres. of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum Corpora tion. As joint author, with Dr. Wood, of the "U.S. Dispensatory," from 1833 to 1864, he is probably best known to the medical world. He also rendered much service to medical liter ature by his contributions to the " U. S. Phar- macopaeia" upon the Materia Medica. Author of "A System of Chemistry," 8vo, 1819; "In troductory Lectures on Chemistry," 1841-52. Editor, with Dr. Hare, of " Ure s Dictionary of Chemistry," 8vo, 1821; "Cutbush s Pyro- techny," 8vo, 1825; "Dr. Hare s Chemical Compendium," 1836; "Turner s Chemistry/ and one of the editors of the North Amer. Med. and Surg. Journal, 1823-32. Contrib. to a large number of medical and scientific jour nals. (See Memoir by Geo. B. Wood, Phila., 1865.) RICHARD (1794-1836) capt. of ord nance, U. S. A., author of "Notes on Colom bia," 1822-3, Phila., 8vo, 1827, was a brother. Bache, GEORGE MIFFLIN, hydrographer, b. Phila. ab. 1810; d. Sept. 8, 1846. Great- grandson of Franklin, bro. of A. D. Bache. Entering the navy Jan. 1, 1825, he became a lieut. Mar. 3, 1835, and ab. 1838 was placed upon the coast-survey. He was engaged upon the survey of the Gulf Stream, and perished in the hurricane of Sept. 8, 1846. Bache, HARTMAN, brev. brig.-gen. U. S. A., b. Pa. ab. 1797. West Point, 1818. Bro. of Franklin Bache. Entering the U. S. topog. engineers, he became brev.-maj. July 24, 1828 ; maj. July 7, 1838 ; lieut.-col. Aug. 6, 1861 ; col. Mar. 3, 1863; brev. brig.-gen. Mar. 13, 1865; retired Mar. 7, 1867; d. Phila. Oct. 8, 1872. Bache, RICHARD, U. S. postmaster-gen. (Nov. 1776-1782), b. Settle, Yorkshire, Eng., Sept. 12, 1737; d. Settle, Berks Co., Pa., July 29, 1811. He came while young to Amer., became a merchant, and, at the beginning of the Revol., was chairman of the republican soc. of Phila. In 1767, he m. Sarah, only dau. of Benj. Franklin, and succeeded him as postmas ter-gen. His bro. THEOPHILACT, a loyalist, pres. of the N. Y. Chamber of Commerce in 1773; d. N. Y. City, 1807, a. 78. His kind ness to Whig prisoners during the war merits especial notice. Bache, MRS. SARAH, only dau. of Dr. Franklin, b. Phila., Sept. 11, 1744 : d. Oct. 5, 1808. In 1767, she m. Richard Bache, and deserves special mention for her patriotic ser vices during the Revol. war. In the severe winter of 1780, many of the soldiers were barefoot and only half clad. The laiit-s undertook to supply them with clothing, and made the garments with their own hands. In this noble charity, Mrs. Bache was one of the most zealous. On other occasions, her active benevolence was called into exercise. She performed hospital duties, dressing the wounds of the soldiers, and administering to them medicines and cordials to mitigate their suffer ings. Bachi (ba-kee ), PIETRO, Ph. D. of the U. of Padua, teacher of Italian and Spanish in H.U. (1826-46), b. Sicily, 1787; d. Boston, Aug. 22, 1853. He was bred to the law. Implicated in Murat s attempt to asceid the throne of Naples in 1815, he was banished, and resided .BAG 48 in Eng. until 1825, when he came to the U.S. He was well versed in jurisprudence, and was a skilful teacher, but became intemperate in his habits, was deprived of his post in H.U., and d. soon after. Author of an " Italian Grammar," 1829. Bachman (bak -man), JoHN.D.D ,LL.D., b. Dutchess Co., N.Y., Feb. 4, 1790; d. Charles ton, Feb. 25, 1874. Pastor of the German Lu theran Church in Charleston, S.C., since 1815. He assisted Audubon in his great work on ornithology, and was the principal author of the work on the quadrupeds of N. A., illustrat ed by Audubon and his sons. Author of " Notice of the Types of Mankind, by Nott and Gliddon," 1854; "Examination of Prof. Agassiz Sketch of the Natural Provinces of the Animal World," &c., 1855; " Characteristics of Genera and Species as applicable to the Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race," 1854; "Catalogue of Phenogamons Plants and Ferns growing in the Vicinity of Charles ton, S.C. ; " "Two Letters on Hybridity," 8vo, 1850 ; " Viviparous Quadrupeds of N.A.," and a work in defence of Martin Luther, 1853. In the Med. Jour, of S.C. , he has ably discussed the bearings of science upon theology. Back, SIR GEORGE, F.R.S., an arctic ex plorer, b. Stockport, Eng., Nov. 6, 1796. En tering the royal navy in 1808, he accompanied Capt. David Buchan on an exped. to Spitz- bergen in 1817; and in 1819 went with Sir John Franklin on his overland exped. from the western shore of Hudson Bay to the northern coast, near the Coppermine River. The exped. returned to York Factory in 1823. In 1821, he was made lieut. In 1825, he joined Franklin s second exped. in the endeavor, in conjunction with Beechey and Parry, to dis cover from opposite quarters the north-west passage. Lieut. Back penetrated as far as fat. 70 24 N. ; long. 149 37 W., and on the return of the exped. was left in charge of the remaining officers and men at Fort Franklin, with all the stores, journals of the voyage, &c. ; returning to Eng. in 1827, hav ing in 1825 been made commander. In 1833, he took charge of the party sent in search of Sir John Ross, who had left Eng. in 1829, of which voyage he pub. an interesting history. Receiving news of Ross s safety, he returned home in 1835; obtained post rank, and in June, 1836, started on his last voyage. (See Narrative of an Exped. in H. j\f. ship " Terror," undertaken with a View to Geographical Discovert/ on the Arctic Shores in 1836-7.") He received a gold medal from the Geog. Society in 1837, was knighted in 1839, and subsequently held a lucrative treasury appointment. Men of the Time. Backus, AzEL,.D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1810), clergyman and educator, b. Norwich, Ct., Oct. 13, 1765; d. Dec. 28, 1816. Yale Coll. 1787. Nephew of Rev. Charles Backus. After leav ing college, he taught school at Wethers field, Ct., with his classmate, John H. Lothrop. Licensed to preach in 1789 ; minister at Beth lehem, Ct., and successor of Dr. Bellamy from 1791 to 1812 ; and pres. of Ham. Coll., N. Y., from its establishment in Sept. 1812, till his death. While at Bethlehem, he instituted and conducted a school of some celebrity. In 1798, he preached the annual election sermon before the Ct. legisl. A vol. of his sermons, with a sketch of his life, has been pub. Sprague. Backus, CHARLES, D.D. (Williams Coll. 1801), theologian, uncle of Azel, b. Norwich, Ct., Nov. 9, 1749; d. Somers, Ct., Dec. 30, 1803. Y. C. 1769. Pastor of the Cong. Church at Somers from Aug 10, 1774, until his death. He was a fervent and eloquent preacher, and a successful teacher of theology. Besides sermons, he pub. a vol. on Regener ation, " Five Discourses on the Truth of the Bible," 1797, and an historical discourse upon the town of Somers, 1801. Sprague. Backus, ELECTUS, lieut.-col., mortally wounded in defence of Sackett s Harbor, May 29, and d. June 7, 1813. App. maj. light dragoons, Oct. 7, 1808; lieut.-col. Feb. 15, 1809. His son ELECTUS, col. U.S.A., b. N.Y., 1804. West Point, 1824. Aide to Gen. Brady, 1828-37; capt. Oct. 17, 1837; brev. maj. Sept. 23, 1846, "for gallant and meritorious conduct at Monterey ; " maj. 3d Inf. June 10, 1850; lieut.-col. Jan. 19, 1859; col. 6th Inf. Feb. 20, 1862; d. Detroit, June 7, 1862. He saw service in the Seminole War, 1838-40, and in the Navajoe exped. 1858. Backus, FRANKLIN THOS., a disting. law yer of Cleveland, O. ; d. there May 14, 1870 ; b. Lee, Ms., May 6, 1813. Y.C. 1836. He went to Cleveland in 1836; was adm. to the bar in 1839; pros. atty. for Cuyahoga Co., 1841; member of the house of rep. 1846, of the State senate in 1848, and of the peace con vention of 1861. A. T. Goodman. Backus, ISAAC, Bapt. minrster and author, b. Norwich, Ct., 1724; d. Nov. 20, 1806. He began to preach in 1746; was ord. a Con- gregationalist, at Middleborough, Ms., Apr. 13, 1748 ; and, becoming a Baptist, formed achurch there in 1756. He was an advocate of religious freedom, and in 1774 was the agent to Congress of the Warren Association to advocate equality of privileges to all denominations. He vin dicated his course in this affair in an article in the Boston Chronicle., Dec. 2, 1779, and argued against an article in the Bill of Rights of the State constitution then under discussion in the con vention. He was the delegate of Middleborough to the convention which adopted the Federal Constitution, which he supported in a speech. The Baptist denomination is greatly indebted to him for its prosperity. He pub. a " History of the Baptists," 3 vols., 1777 and 1784 and 1796 ; also an abridgment brought down to 1804, and a History of Middleborough in the 3d vol. Ms. Hist. Colls. See Life and Times of, by Alvah Hovey, D.D., 1859. Bacon, DAVID FRANCIS, M.D., author, and physician of the Colonization Soc. at Libe ria, 1836-41, b. Prospect, Ct., 30 Nov. 1813 ; d. N.Y. City, 23 Jan. 1866. Y. C. 1831 ; Med. Coll. 1836. He engaged in politics in N.Y. City, and frequently contrib. to the periodicals of the day ; author of " Lives of the Apostles," 1835; "Wanderings on the Seas and Shores of Africa," 1843. Bacon, EZEKIEL, LL.D., son of Rev. John, b. Boston, Ms., September 1, 1776; d. Utica, N.Y., Oct. 18, 1870. Y.C. 1794. He waa BA.C 49 a member of the State legisl. in 1805-6 ; chief- justice of Common Pleas, 1813 ; 1st comp troller U.S. treasury, 1813-15; and M.C. 1807-13. Removed to Utica, N.Y. ; delegate to the State Const. Conv. of 1821. He pub. " Recollections of 50 Years since " a lecture, 1843. Bacon, HENRY, author, and Universalist minister, b. Boston, 12 June, 1813; d. Phila., 19 Mar. 1856. Ord. over 2d Church, Cam!)., Ms., Dec. 1834, remaining 3 years ; afterward successively settled at Haverhill, Marblehead, Providence, R.I., and over the Church of the Messiah, Phila. 20 years editor of the Ladies Depository, Boston. Author of " Christian Comforter," " Sacred Flora," " Memoir of Mrs. Jerauld," and over 50 tracts and sermons. " The Pastor s Bequest," selections from his sermons by Mrs. E. A. Bacon, was pub. Boston, 1857. Bacon, HENRY, figure-painter, b. Win chester, Ms., 1840. He studied with W. A. Gay of Boston; went to Paris in 1864, where he has since resided ; studied at the Beaux Arts, and afterwards at Ecouen under E. Frere. He has a happy talent in telling a story by a picture. Bacon, JOEL SMITH, D.D. (Wash. Coll. 1845), Bapt. minister and educator, b. Cayuga Co., N.Y., 1801 ; d. Richmond, Va., Nov. 9, 1869. Ham. Coll. 1826; Newton Theol. Inst. 1 831 . Before graduating, he was a teacher in Amelia Co., Va. ; was afterward a classical teacher at Princeton, N.J. ; pres. of George town Coll., Ky., 1831-3; pastor of the Baptist Church at Lynn, 1833-4; prof. Ham. Inst., N.Y., 1834-7 ; was some time an agent for Indian missions; pres. of Col. Coll., D.C. 1843-54 ; then taught in female seminaries ; was two years at the head of an institution at Tuscaloosa, Ala. ; and in 1859-67 was a teacher at Warrenton, Va. He was finally a travelling agent in the South for the Bible Society. Bacon, JOHN, clergyman and politician, b. Canterbury, Ct., 1737; d. Stockbridge, Ms., Oct. 25, 18-20. N.J. Coll. 1765. He studied theology ; preached in Somerset Co., Md., in 1768; and Sept. 25, 1771, was settled over the Old South Church, Boston. Owing to differ ences of opinion with his church, he was dis missed Feb. 8, 1775, and removed to Stock- bridge, where he was a magistrate, a representa tive, associate and presiding judge of the Com mon Pleas, a member and pres. of the State senate (1803-4), and M. C. 1801-3. He pub. a sermon after his installation, 1772; an answer to Huntington on a case of discipline, 1781 ; a speech on the courts of the U.S., 1802 ; " Con jectures on the Prophecies," 1805. Bacon, LEONARD, D.D., Cong, clergyman and author, b. Detroit, Mich., Feb. 19, 1802. Y. C. 1820; And. Theol. Sera. 1824. David, his father, was a missionary to the Indians, and the first settler of Tallmadge, 0. In Mar. 1825, he was installed pastor over the Centre Church, New Haven, Ct. A disting. cham pion of N. E. Congregationalism, and a close adherent to the traditions and practices of the Puritan fathers. He has written a number of occasional addresses and sermons, and has contrib. to the Christian Spectator, the New-Englander, and the N. Y. independent. Among his pub. are " Select Practical Writings of Richard Baxter," 2 vol. 8vo, 2d ed., 1835 ; " Manual for Young Church-Members," 18mo, 1833 ; " Slavery Discussed," 8vo, N.Y., 1846; " Thirteen Discourses on the 200th Anniver sary of the First Church in New Haven," 1839, " Hist. Disc, at the Old South Meeting-house, Worcester, 22 Sept. 1 863." Bacon, NATHANIEL, an early patriot of Va., b. Suffolk, Eng. ab. 1630; d. in Jan. Hi 77. His father was the author of " Nathaniel Bacon s Historical and Political Observations," 1647. He was educated at the Inns of Court, Lond., settled in Gloucester Co., Va., owned a large estate at the head of James River, became in 1672 a member of the council, and acquired great popularity. An Indian war having sprung up, Gov. Berkeley built a few frontier forts ; but the people, desirous of more active and energetic measures, chose Bacon as their leader. The gov. refused to commission him ; but he defeated the Indians, and 29 May, 1676, was proclaimed a rebel. Tried and acquitted, he received the gov. s pardon, June 9 ; was restored to the council, and was promised a gen. s commission for the Indian war. Ber keley refused to keep his promise; and Bacon, at the head of 500 men, extorted his signature. He then turned his attention to the war, which he vigorously prosecuted. Again proclaimed a rebel, he issued a declaration against thegov., whom he drove from Williamsburg, and whom he was about to attack at Accomac, when death ended his career. At the time of his death, he was one of the burgesses for the county of Henrico. His story has been novelized by Caruthers of Va. See Force s Tracts, 1840*; Sparks s Amer. Biog. iii., New Series. Bacon, SAMUEL, Prot.-Epis. clergyman, b. Sturbridge, Ms., 22 July, 1781 ; d. Kent, Cape Shilling, Africa, 3 May, 1820. H. U. 1808. He studied law ; edited the Worcester ^Egis, afterward the Hive, at Lancaster, Pa. ; in 1812, was an officer of U.S. marines ; subsequently practised law in Pa., and then took orders in the Prot.-Epis. Church. App. U.S. agent to establish a colony in Africa, he reached Sierra Leone, 9 Mar. 1820, and d. shortly after. Set Life, by J. Ashniun. Bacon, THOMAS, Prot.-Epis. clergyman and author, b. Frederickton, Md. ; d. May 24, 1768. He compiled a complete system of the revenue of Ireland, 1737, also a complete body of the laws of Md., folio, 1765. Bacon, WILLIAM THOMPSON, poet and clergyman, b. Woodbury, Ct., Aug. 24, 1814. Y. C. 1837. After two years passed at the Epis. Acad. at Cheshire, he, at the age of 17, established himself in business at New Haven. He delivered the valedictory poem at Yale ; studied at the N. Haven Divinity School, and from 1842 to 1845 was pastor of the Cong. Church at Trumbull, Ct. He became sub sequently one of the editors of the New-Eng lander, was also for a few years editor anif proprietor of the N. Haven Journal and Courier, since which he has been engaged in ministerial labors in Kent and in Derby, Ct. In 1837, Mr Bacon pub. a vol. of poems, which in 18-10 50 passed to a third edition. In 1848, a new vol. was issued. Badeau, ADAM, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. Capt. and aide-de-camp U. S. Vols , Apr. 1862 ; on staff of Gen. Sherman ; severe ly wounded at Port Hudson ; joined Gen. Grant, Jan. 1864, as military sec. and lieut.- rol., and was made brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., for faithful and merit, services in the war. Col. and aide-de-camp to the gen. of the army, Mar. 1865 to May 1869, when retired. Sec. of le gation to the court at London. Author of " History of Gen. U. S. Grant," 2 vols., 8vo, 1868. Badger, GEORGE EDMUND, LL. D. (Y.C. 1848), statesman and jurist; b. Newbern, N.C., Apr. 13, 1795; d. Raleigh, N.C., May 11, 1866. Y. C. 1813. He practised law in Ra leigh, where he soon disting. himself by solidi ty and strength in his profession. He became a member of the legisl. in 1816; was judge of the Supreme Court in 1820-5; sec. of the na vy in 1841, but resigned on Pres. Tyler s veto ing the bill to re-charter the U. S. Bank ; and U. S. senator from 1846 to 1854. Nominated to the supreme bench in 1851, but not con firmed by the senate. In the State convention of May, 1861, he spoke ably in defence of the Union. He was an excellent lawyer, and a vigorous speaker, abounding in wit and humor. Badger, GEN. JOSEPH, b. Haverhill, Ms., Jan. 11, 1722; d. Apr. 4, 1803. Prior to his removal to Gilmanton in 1763, he held vari ous civil and military offices in Haverhill, and became col. in 1771. During the Revol., he was an active and efficient officer, a member of the Provincial Congress, was muster-master of troops raised in his section of the State, and was employed in furnishing supplies for the army. He was app. brig.-gen. 1780, was judge of probate 1784 to 1797, member of the conv. which adopted the Constitution, and of the State council in 1784, 90-91. He did much towards founding and erecting the acad. in Gilmanton. Badger, JOSEPH, an early missionary west of the Alleghanies, b. Wilbraham, Ms., Feb. 28, 1757 ; d. Perrysburg, O., May 5, 1846. Y. C. 1785. Giles his ancestor settled in Newbury, Ms., in 1635. His early education was slight; and, at the age of 18, he entered the Revol. army, in which, with the excep tion of a few weeks, he remained until the end of 1778. $200, which he had saved in Continental bills, were then so reduced in value as hardly to purchase him cloth for an ordinary coat. Notwithstanding his destitu tion, he resolved to obtain an education, and earned money to pay his coll. bills by teaching school. He studied for the ministry, was pas tor at Blandford, Ms., 24 Oct. 1787-24 Oct. 1800, and was then sent by the missionary society to the unsettled parts of 0. Here for 30 years his labors were only exceeded by his hardships. During the War of 1812, Mr. Badger was app. by Gen. Harrison brig, chap lain. His familiarity with the country enabled him to act the part of a temporal as well as spiritual guide, and, at the close of the war, he resumed his missionary functions. His poverty was at times extreme ; and in 1826 he became a Revol. pensioner. See Life by E. G. Holland, N. Y., 1854. Badger, LUTHER, lawyer, b. Partridge- field, Ms., Apr. 10, 1785. Ham. Coll. 1807. Adm. to the bar of Broome Co., N.Y., in 1812; judge-advocate of the 27th brig. N Y. Militia, 1819-27; M. C. 1825-7; examiner in chancerv, and commissioner U. S. loans, 1840-3; U. S. dist.-atty. for N. Y. 1846-9. Badger, STEPHEN, minister to the Natick Indians from Mar, 27, 1752, until dism. July, 1799 ; d. Aug. 28, 1803 ; b. Charlestown, Ms., Apr. 12, 1726. H. U. 1747. He was em ployed by the commissioners for propagating the gospel in N. E. He pub. a letter concern- ing the Indians, in the Ms. Hist. Coll., dated 1797, and two discourses on drunkenness, in 1774, afterward reprinted. Badger, WILLIAM, gov. of N. H., 1834-6, b. Gilmanton, N.H., Jan. 13, 1779; d. Sept 21, 1852. His youth was employed in business pursuits. He was successively in the legisl. (1810-12) and senate (1814-1*6) of his native State; Pres. of the senate in 1816; an asso. justice of the C. C. P. 1816-21, hiyh sher iff of Stafford Co. 1822-32. Hist. Gilmanton. Badlam, STEPHEN, gen., Revol. officer, b. Milton, Ms., Mar. 17,1745; d. Dorchester, Ms., Aug. 24, 1815. Left an orphan at an early age, his education was limited. Joining the army in 1775, he was made a lieut. of artillery, soon became a capt., and was ordered to N.Y., where he made the acquaintance of Alex. Ham ilton, who frequently consulted him on tactics. He had also the esteem of Washington, whose disciple in politics he continued to his death. Made a maj., he was ordered to command the artillery of the dcpt. of Canada. Returning thence to Crown Point, he took possession of Mt. Independence on the memorable July 4, 1776; from which circumstance it was named by Maj. Badlam. He did good service in the action at Fort Stanwix, under Willet, in Aug. 1777. In 1779, he was made brig.-gen. of mi litia. See Codman s Fun. Sermon: PanopUst xi. 572. Baena (ba-a -na) ANTONIO LADISLAUS MONTEIRO, Portuguese historian and geog rapher in the military service of Brazil ; d. ab. 1851. Author of a " Chorographic Essay on the Province of Para," 1839, and of other valuable works. Baez, BUENAVENTURA, pres. of Hayti, a mulatto, b. Azua, Hayti, 1820. His father was active in the insurrection of 1808. The son became influential by his wealth and tal ents, and, having co-operated with Santana in securing the independence of the republic, was, after the expulsion of Jemines, chosen pres. At the next election, Santana was chosen ; and from being friends they became bitter enemies. Oct. 6, 1856, Baez again be came pres., but surrendered the government to Santana, June 11, 1858, and left the coun try. Returning in 1865, he was a third time elected pres., but in Mar. 1866 was again ex pelled by Gen. Cabral. Late in 1867, he in augurated a new revol., and has since been in power in the eastern part of the island ; the sale of which he endeavored to effect to the U. S. in 1871. 51 Baffin, WILLIAM, an English arctic ex- Elorer, b. 1584; d. 1622. On returning from is first West Greenland voyage in 1612, he wrote an account of it, giving for the first time a method for determining the longitude at sea by an observation of the celestial bodies. He also pub. an account of a second voyage to Greenland in 1615, and of a voyage to Spitzbergen in 1614, containing important information. In 1618, he was mate of a mer chant-vessel in the Arabian Sea. In 1616, he com. a vessel in which he is said to have reached 8l deg. N. latitude, and is supposed to have ascertained the limits of the vast inlet of the sea since known by his name. He was killed at the siege of Ormuz in the Persian Gulf, while attempting, in conjunction with a Persian force, to expel the Portuguese from that island. Bagby, ARTHUR P., gov. of Ala., 1837- 41, b. Va., 1794 ; d. Mobile, Ala., 21 Sept. 1858. Liberally educated, he settled in Ala., taking at once a high position as a criminal lawyer; was a member of the legisl. in 1820- 2, and speaker of the house ; U. S. senator in 1843-9, and minister to Russia in 1848-9. Subsequently a commissioner to codify the laws of the State. Bagot, SIR CHARLES, a British statesman, b. Blithfield, Stafford Co., Eng., 23 Sept. 1781; d. Kingston, Canada, May 18, 1843. Second son of William Lord Bagot. Made un der-sec, for foreign affairs in 1807 ; sent in 1 814 on a special mission to Paris; from 1816 to 1819 min.-plenipo. to the U. S. ; successively ambassador to St. Petersburg, the Hague, and special ambassador to Vienna in 1834. From 10 Jan. 1842, to his death, gov.-gen. of Brit. North Amer., which he governed with wis dom and prudence. Bailey, EBENEZER, educator, and author of a treatise on algebra; d. 1839. Y. C. 1817. He pub. also a "Review of the Mayor s Re port upon the High School for Girls," 1828. See Sketch of his Life and Educ. Labors, 8vo, 1861, Hartford. Bailey, GAMALIEL, proprietor and editor of the National Era, b. Mt. Holly, N.J., Dec. 3, 1807 ; d. June 5, 1859, on board steamer "Arago," while on his way to Eng. Remov ing to Phila. at the age of 9, he studied med icine; receiving his degree in 1828. Sailed to China as physician of a ship, and began his career as an editor on the Methodist Protestant in Bait. In 1831, he removed to Cincinnati, and was physician to the cholera hospital dur ing the pestilence. The expulsion of some students from Lane Sem. on account of their antislavery sentiments first prompted his hostility to slavery. In 1836, with J. G. Bir- ney, he conducted the first antislavery news paper in the West, the Cincinnati Philanthro pist. Their printing-office was twice attacked by a mob, the press thrown into the Ohio River, and the books and papers burned. In 1837, Dr. Bailey became sole editor of the Philanthropist, the organ of the Libertv party, and was a principal leader in the presidential canvass in 1840. In 1841, his press was de stroyed by a mob, which was dispersed by the military. Jan. 1, 1847, he began to edit at Washington the National Era, an antislavery paper. In 1848, a mob for three days besieged his office. Addressing the multitude in a speech remarkable for its coolness and its in dependent spirit, the mob, that had proposed to tar and feather him, was disarmed by his eloquence. " Uncle Tom s Cabin " was ori ginally pub. in the Era. Bailey, JACOB, soldier, b. Newbury, Ms., July 2, 1728; d. Newbury, Vt.. Mar. 1, 1816. Settled in Hampstead, 1745; was a capt. in French war, 1 756, and escaped from the mas sacre at Fort Wm. Henry in Aug. 1757; col. at the taking of Ticonderoga and Crown Point in 1759. In 1764, chartered a township in Vt., to which he removed ; app. brig.-gen. of mili tia by the State of N.Y., and commis.-gen. Northern dept. during the Revol., in which he performed valuable service with purse, pen, and sword. Coffin. Bailey, JACOB, Pr.-Ep. clergyman and loyalist, b. Rowley, Ms., 16 Apr. 1731 ; d. Annapolis, N.S., 26 July, 1808. H. U. 1755. Ord. in Eng., he officiated many years at Pownalboro, now Wiscasset, Me. ; and in 1779, during the Revol. war, went to Annapolis, where he was rector of St. Luke s. His eldest son Percy, a capt. in the British army, was killed at the battle of Chippewa, July 5, 1814. See his Journal, with Memoir by Rev. W. S. Bartlet. Bailey, JACOB WHITMAN, naturalist, b. Ware, Ms., Apr. 29, 1811 ; d. West Point, Feb. 26, 1857. Removing to Providence, R.I. in early life, he received a common school education. Grad. West Point, July, 1832, and was app. lieut. of art. In 1839, he was app. assist, and afterwards prof, of chemistry, botany, and mineralogy, at W. Point. His wile and dau. perished when the steamer " Henry Clay" took fire on the Hudson in 1852; and his exertions and exposure on that oc casion caused his death. Inventor of " Bai ley s Indicator," and of many improvements in the microscope. His investigations with this instrument, illustrating botany and zool ogy, gave him great distinction. His "Mi croscopic Sketches," together with his collec tion of about 4,500 specimens of algte, he bequeathed to the Boston Soc. of Nat. History. He was pres. of the Amer. Asso. for the Advancement of Science in 1857. His pub. papers, more than 50 in number, are found in Silliman s Journal of Science, Transactions of the Asso. of Geol ogists and Naturalists, The Smithsonian Con tributions to Knowledge, and in the various State geological surveys. Journal of Micro scopic Science. Bailey, COL. JOHN, Revol. officer, b. Hanover, Ms., Oct. 30, 1730; d. there Oct. 27, 1810. At the outset of the war, he was lieut.-col. of the Plymouth regt., with which he marched to Cambridge, in May, 1775; suc ceeded Col. John Thomas in its command, and throughout the war was col. of the 2d Ms regt. of the Continental line. He was con spicuous in the campaign against Burgoyne, and had the reputation of a brave and faith ful officer. Late in life he was an innkeeper in Hanover. Bailey, JOSEPH, brig. -gen. of U.S. Vols. ; murdered by bushwhackers near Nevada, Mo., Mar. 21, 1867. Gen. Bailey achieved a high reputation in the Red River exped. in May, 1864, by a skilful and original feat of engi neering, by which he brought the iron-clad gun boats of the Mpi. squadron safely over the dangerous falls and rapids of the *Red River above Alexandria. He joined the army in Wisconsin, where he had previously been a lumberman, and was acting chief-engineer of the 19th Army Corps, with rank of lieut.-col., when the retreating Union forces found that the water of the Red River had fallen so much, that Admiral Porter s squadron could not pass the rapids. In this perilous emergency, Col. Bailey proposed to construct dams which should raise the water sufficiently to permit the gunboats to descend safely. The most skilful engineers in the army said the propo sition was absurd; but in 11 days the fleet were safely over the falls. For this brilliant achievement, he was made brig.-gen., and re ceived the thanks of Congress. He settled after the war in Newton Co., Mo., of which he was chosen sheriff. He became for midable to bushwhackers, but after arresting two of them, brothers, named Pixley, was shot by them. Bailey, JOSEPH ROOSEVELT, R. C. bishop of Newark since 1853, b. N.Y., 1814 ; studied for the Pr.-Ep. Church, embraced Catholicism, 1842 ; studied at St. Sulpice, Paris; was ord. priest, and returned to the U. S. in 1844. Bailey, KIAH, Cong, minister, b. Brook- field, Ms., 11 Mar. 1770; d. Hardwick, Vt., 17 Aug. 1857. Dartm. Coll. 1793. He stud ied theol. under Dr. Emmons ; was minister of Newcastle, Me., 7 Oct. 1797-1824 ; subse quently of Greensborough, Vt., and Thornton, N.H., *and in 1833 settled on a farm at Hard- wick. Member Ms. leirisl. in 1819-20; pres. of the Me. Missionary Soc. Bailey, RUFUS WM., D.D. (Hamp. Sid. Coll. 1859), clergyman and author, b. North Yarmouth, Me., Apr. 13, 1793; d. Huntsville, Tex., Apr. 25, 1863. D. C. 1813. He taught <m acad. at Salisbury and at Blue Hill, Me. ; was tutor at D. C. 1817-18; pastor of the Cong. ch. at Norwich, Vt., Nov. 29, 1819, to Nov. 12, 1835; at Pittsfield, Apr. 14, 1824, to Sept. 27, 1827; taught school in S. C., in Fay- etteville, N.C., and in Staunton, Va. ; went to Texas in 1854; prof, of languages at Austin Coll , Huntsville, 2 years, and its pres. from Dec. 16, 1858, to his death. He pub. " The Issue," a vol. on slavery, 1837 ; " The Family Preach er," 1838 ; a primary grammar, and a "Man ual of Grammar ; " "The Mother s Request; " and "The Beginnings of Evil." AlumniD.C. Bailey, THEODORUS, b. Duchess Co., N. Y., 1752 ; d. N. Y. City, Sept. 6, 1828. M. C. from N. Y., 1793-7 and 1799-1803; U. S. sen ator 1803-4; postmaster N. Y. City, 1804-28. Bailey, THEODORUS, rear-adm. U. S. N., b. N. Y., 1803. Son of Judge Wm. Bailey of Plattsburg. Midshipman, Jan. 1, 1818; Jieut. Mar. 3, 1827 ; commander, Mar. 6, 1849 ; sapt. Dec. 15, 1855; commo. July 16, 1862; rcar-adm. retired list, July 25, 1866. He com. the storeship " Lexington " during the Mexi can war, and manifested enterprise and gal Ian try in numerous expeds. against the enemy. Com. frigate " Colorado," West Gulf block, squad. 1861-2 ; second in command and offi cially commended by Adm. Farragut for cap ture of N. Orleans, where he led the attack and Eassage of the forts; com. the Eastern Gulf lock, squad. 1862, and was energetic and suc cessful in breaking up blockade-running on the Florida coast. Com. Portsmouth navy-yard, 1865-7. Said to have taken over 150 blockade- runners; d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 10, 1877. Baillargeon, C. F., R. C. Bishop of Que bec; d. Oct. 14, 1870, a. 72. App. administra tor of that diocese in 1855. Bailly, JOSEPH A., sculptor, b. Paris, 1825 ; came to Phila., 1850. Among his works are "Adam and Eve," "Eve and her Two Chil dren," and the monument of Washington, placed (1869) in front of the State House, Phila. Baily, JOHN, clergyman, b. near Black burn, Lancashire, Eng., 24 Feb., 1644; d. Bos ton, Dec. 12, 1697. He began his ministry in Chester, Eng., in 1665, but was imprisoned for nonconformity, and preached to crowds through the bars of Lancashire jail. He preached 14 years in Limerick, and subse quently again in Eng., but was driven by persecution to Amer., and landed in Boston in 1684. Ord. minister of Watertown, Oct. 6, 1686, he became assist, minister of the First Church, Boston, July 17, 1693. He pub. an address to the people of Limerick. His funeral-sermon was preached by Cotton Ma ther. Sprague ; Nonconformist s Memorial ; Biocjraphia Evangelica. Bainbridge, HENRY, lieut.-col. U. S. A., b. N.Y., 1803; d. at sea near Galveston, Tex., May 31, 1857. West Point, 1821. Capt. 15 June, 1836; brev. maj. Sept. 23, 1846, "for gallant and meritorious conduct at Monterey, Mexico," where he was wounded, Sept. 21 ; maj. 7th Inf. 16 Feb. 1847 ; brev. lieut.-col. 20 Aug. 1847, "for gallant and meritorious con duct in battles of Contreras and Churubusco ; " military and civil gov. of Jalapa, Mex., June, 1848 ; engaged in hostilities with the Seminoles in 1849-51 ; lieut.-col. 1st Inf. 11 June, 1851. Outturn. Bainbridge, WILLIAM, commo. U. S.N., b. Princeton, N.J., May 7, 1774; d. Phila., July 28, 1833. Son of Di\ Absalom B. He went to sea at 16, and at 19 com. a ship. App. Aug. 3, 1798, to com. the U. S. schooner " Retalia tion," he was captured by the French while cruising near Guadaloupe, and, after 3 months confinement, reached home in Feb. 1799. Mas ter com. Mar. 29, 1799; capt. May 29, 1800. In 1799, he cruised again in the W. Indies in the brig "Norfolk," 18 guns. In 1800, he sailed to Algiers in com. of the frigate " George Washington," and was compelled by the dey to convey his ambassadors, with presents, to Constantinople. On his return to Algiers, he was instrumental in saving the French residents there, the dey having declared war with France, thus preventing their imprisonment and slavery. For this act he received the thanks of Bonaparte, then first consul, and the ap proval of his own government. While com- manding the frigate "Philadelphia," engaged in the blockade of Tripoli, Oct. 31, 1803, she ran upon some rocks, and was, with her crew, captured. Released after 13 months confine ment, Capt. Bainbridge was acquitted of all blame by a court of inquiry held at his own re quest. Sept. 15, 1812, he took command of the frigate "Constitution." Cruising near the coast of Brazil, Dec. 29, he fell in with the Brit ish frigate "Java," Capt. Lambert, which, in an action of an hour and 55 minutes, was so in jured . that, after her capture, she was blown ;i}). Both commanders were wounded, Lambert mortally. He treated his prisoners with great kindness; was enthusiastically received upon hi?, return, and was awarded a gold medal by Congress. After the peace of 1815, he superin tended the building of "The Independence," 74, in which he sailed for Algiers, but was fore stalled by a treaty of peace. He was afterward one of the navy commissioners, and com. the navy-yard at Charlestown. His last cruise was in " The Columbus," 80, in the Mediterranean, in 1820-21. (See Life, by Thos. Harris, M.D., pub. Phila., 8vo, 1837.) His bro. JOSEPH, capt. U. S. navy, d. Nov 18, 1824. A lieut. at the destruction of " The Philadelphia " frigate in the harbor of Tripoli, Feb. 16, 1804, and in the actions of Preble s squadron in that harbor, July-Sept. 1804. Baine, A. C., lawyer and author, b. Ra leigh, N.C., 21 Sept. 1810; d. Clifton, Nevada, 21 Dec. 1863. -About 1849, he settled in Stock ton, Cal., as a lawyer, and was greatly esteemed for scholarship and integrity. Author of " Di vine Faith and Natural Reason," 1861 ; and at the time of his death had nearly completed a vol. on " Relations of Human Liberty to Nat ural, Moral, and Divine Law." Baird, ABSALOM, brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A., b. Washington, Pa., Aug. 20, 1824. Wash ington Coll. 1841 ; West Point, 1849. He studied law before entering the military acad. Ent. the 2d Art.; served in Fla. in 1850-3; and between 1853 and 1859 was assist, instruct or, and assist, prof, of mathematics at West Point. In Mar. 1861, he was ordered to Wash ington to com. Magruder s battery, and 1 1 May, became assist, adj. -gen., rank of capt. He was chief of staff to Gen. Tyler at the battle of Bull Run ; 12 Nov. 1861, assist, insp.-gen, rank of maj. ; and in Mar. 1862, chief of staff, and insp.-gen. to the 4th army corps, Gen. Keyes : and waa At the siege of Yorktown and the bat tle of Williamsburg. Apr. 28, 1862, brig.-gen. of vols., and placed in com. of a brigade under Gen. Morgan, at Cumberland Ford, Ky. In April, 1863, he com. a div. under Gen. Gran ger, when attacked by Van Dorn at Franklin, Tenn., and also at Chickamauga, for which he was brev. lieut.-col. 20 Sept. 1863. Brev. col. Nov. 20, for Chattanooga; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for the capture of Atlanta; and brev. maj.-gen. vols. 1 Sept. 1864, for services in the Atlanta campaign, particularly for the battles of Resacca and Jonesborongh, and op s against Savannah. He com. a div. of the 14th corps, in Sherman s " march to the sea," at tiie battle of Bentonville, N.C., 20 Mar. 1865, and surrender of Johnston s army, 26 Apr. 1885. Cdlam. Baird, ROBERT, D.D., author and clergy man, b. of Scotch parents, Fayette Co., Pa., Oct. 6, 1798; d. Yonkers, N.Y., Mar. 15, 1863. Jeff. Coll. 1818; D.D. 1842. He taught school a year at Bellefonte; studied 3 years at Princeton Theol. Sem., in which he was one year a tutor ; had charge of a sem. at Prince ton from 1822 to 1827 ; was agent of the N.J. Missionary Society in 1828; of the Amer. Sunday School Union in 1829, and in 5 years increased its revenue from $5,000 to $28,000. From 1835 to 1843, he was most of the time in Europe, striving to revive the Protestant faith in the south, and to promote the cause of temperance in the north, earning the title of " The International Preacher," so wide spread had been his labors. On the formation of the Foreign Evangelical Society in 1849, he became its agent and corresp. sec. On his last visit to Europe in 1862, he ably vindicated the cause of the Union against secession before London audiences. He pub. " Religion in America," 1842 ; " Visit to Northern Europe ; " " Memoir of Anna J. Linnard," 1835 ; " State and Prospects of Religion in America," 1842 ; " View of the Valley of the Mississippi," 1832 ; "Transplanted Flowers," 1839; "Memoir of Rev. Joseph Sanford," 1836 ; " Protes tantism in Italy," 1845; "Impressions and Experiences of the W. Indies and N. America in 1849," 12mo, Phila. ; " The Christian Ret rospect and Register," 1851 ; " History of the Albigenses, Waldenses, and Vaudois," " His tory of the Temperance Societies of the U.S.," Paris, 1836; " Union of Church and State in N. England," Paris, 1837. Editor of the Christian Union, monthly, 1847-8, and corresp. of many leading foreign and Amer. journals. His son, Rev. Charles, had charge of a Prot estant chapel at Rome ; and another son, Henry M., is disting. for proficiency in Greek literature, and pub. a memoir of his father, 1866. Baird, SPENCER FULLERTON, LL.D., natu ralist, b. Reading, Pa., 1823. Prof. nat. sciences. Dick. Coll. 1846 ; assist, sec. Smiths n. Inst. The editor and translator of " The Iconographic Encyclop.," 4 vols. 8vo, N.Y., 1851. Author of papers on zoology, and of reports on natu ral history colls., made by Capt. Stansbury, Capt. Marcy, Lieut. Gilliss, the U.S. and Mex ican Boundary Survey, and the Pacific R. II. Survey; also, with J. Cassin, " The Birds of North America," 2 vols. 4to, 1860; "Mam mals of North America," 4to, 1861. He has made valuable contributions to the publications of the Jrtur. of Sciences, Phila., the Smith sonian Institution, &c. Baker, DANIEL, lieut.-col. U.S.A. ; d. Detroit, Mich., 10 Oct. 1836. App. from Vt., Ensign 16th Inf., 8 Jan. 1799; adj. in 1802 ; assist, military agent at Detroit; capt. Mar. 1812; assist, dep. quartermaster, Apr. 1812; brev. maj. Aug. 9, 1812, for disting. service in battle of Brownstown, Maguago, where he was wounded; aide-de-camp to Gen. Lewis, June, 1813; maj. 45 Inf. Apr. 15, 1814; disting. in affair at Lyon s Creek, under Gen. Bissell; maj. 7th Inf. 1 June, 1819 ; lieut.-col. 6th Inf. May 1, 1829; com. his regt in battle of the Bad Axe. Gardner. Baker, DANIEL, D.D. (Laf. Coll. 1849), pres. of Austin Coll., Texas, Presb. clergy man; d. 1857. N. J. Coll. 1815. Has pub. "Affectionate Address to Mothers," and to " Fathers," " Plain and Scriptural View of Baptism," 18mo, " Revival Sermons," 12mo, 2 series. Baker, DAVID JEWETT, politician, b. E. Haddam Ct., Sept. 7, 1792; d. Alton, 111., Aug. 6, 1869. Ham. Coll. 1816. He went with his parents to Ontario Co., N.Y., in 1800, worked on a farm, studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1819; settling in Kaskas- kia, 111. He had a large practice, and was probate judge of Randolph Co.; U.S. senator 1830-1, carrying through Congress the im portant measure of selling the public lands to actual settlers in quantities of 40 acres ; U.S. attorney for 111. in 1833-41. He opposed the introduction of slavery into 111. in 1823, with >uch energy, that his opponents tried to kill him. Baker, EDWARD DICKINSON, soldier and senator, b. Lond., Feb. 24, 1811 ; killed in the battle of Ball s Bluff, Oct. 21, 1861. His family came to the U.S. ab. 1815, and settled in Phila., but in 1825 removed to 111. The son studied law, was admitted to practise in Greene Co., 111. ; removed to Springfield ; in 1837 was chosen to the legisl. ; was State sen ator from 1840 to 1844, and then M.C. until the breaking-out of the Mexican war, when he resigned, and became col. of Illinois Vols. He shared in the siege of Vera Cruz, com. with great gallantry a brigade at Cerro Gordo and all the subsequent conflicts, and after the war removed to Galena, and aided in the nomination of Gen. Taylor to the presi dency. In 1848-9, he was again in Congress, but, becoming connected with the Panama Railroad Co., declined a re-election, settled in the successful practice of law in Cal. in 1852, and connected himself with the Republican party. When Senator Broderic was killed in a duel in 1859, he delivered a funeral-oration over the body of his friend in the public square of San Francisco, and soon after removed to Oregon, where in 1860, by a coalition between the Republicans and Douglas Democrats in the legisl., he was elected to the U. S. senate. On the breaking-out of the civil war in 1861, he raised the " California " regt. in N.Y. and Phila., and, declining to be app. a gen., went into the field at its head. At Ball s Bluff, he com. a brigade, and fell in advance of the line while serving a piece of artillery. Baker, HENRY FELT, author and inventor, b. Salem, Ms., Nov. 7, 1797; d. Portsmouth, O., Feb. 20, 1857. H.U. 1815. He became a merchant and trader. In 1846, he patented the well-known " Improvement in Steam- Boiler Furnaces." Ab. 1848, he went to Cin cinnati, became clerk in a bank, and in 1853 and 1854, pub. in two parts a work on " Banks and Banking in the U.S.," and contrib. fre quently to the Bankers Magazine. The name of Baker, his stepfather, was added to his ori ginal name. Baker, LAFAYETTE C., brev. brig.-gen. vols., and chief of the detective service during the civil war, b. Stafford, N.Y., 1824 ; d. Phila., July 3, 1868. In 1867, he pub. a work detail ing much ot the secret history of the war, and charging President Johnson with being privy to the pardon-brokerage business. Baker, OSMON CLEANDER, D.D., Bishop M. E. Church, b. Mar low, N. H., 1812 Licensed 1829. Consec. bishop in May, 1852. He was stationed in N.H., and was prof, in the Meth. Bibl. Inst. in 1847-52. Author of " Discipline of the M.E. Church," 12mo ; " Last Witness." D. Concord, N.H., Dec. 20, 1871. Baker, CAPT. REMEMBER, soldier and pioneer of Vt., b. Woodbury, Ct. ab. 1740; killed by Indians, near hie Aux Noix, in Aug. 1775. A soldier in the French war in 1757-9, and in the bloody battle at Ticonderoga ; settled at Arlington, on the " N.H. Grants," in 1764, and, in the struggles of the settlers against the claims of N.Y., was an active and efficient second to Ethan Allen. On one occa sion, he was captured and cruelly maimed, but was rescued the same day. He was out lawed by the gov. of N.Y., and a price set upon hfs head. May 10, 1775, with Col. Warner, he participated in the capture of Crown Point. He was on a scouting exped. when killed. Balboa, MIGUEL CAVELLO,a Spanish mis sionary who visited S. America ab. 1566, and collected materials for a history of Peru, which was pub. in Paris, 1840. Balboa, VASCO NUNEZ DE, a Spanish dis coverer and conqueror in Arnerica,b. Xeresde los Caballeros, 1475; d. Castilla de Oro in 1517. In 1501, he went to the West Indies, in the ex ped. of Bastidas. He is said to have been the first European who ascertained Cuba to be an island. From Hispaniola, he sailed in 1510 to the River Darien, and established a colony on the Isthmus of Panama, where he built Santa Maria de la Antigua, the first town on the con tinent of South America. In Sept. 1513, Bal boa set out on an exped. across the isthmus, and discovered the Pacific Ocean, Sept. 29. Kneel ing, he thanked God for this great discovery, of which he took possession in the name of the sovereigns of Castile. Returning, he sent to Spain an account of his discoveries. His mer its, however, were neglected, Enciso, a rival, haying traduced him to the Spanish Govt.; and Pedrarias Davila was sent out with a fleet and troops as gov. of Darien. Balboa was after wards made lieut.-gov. with independent au thority. But, disputes arising between him and Davila, the latter accused him of disloyalty, and a design to revolt ; on which charge he was tried and convicted : and in spite of the entrea ties of the judges themselves, and of the whole colony, he was beheaded, leaving the character of an active and enterprising adventurer, infe rior to none of the Spanish leaders in America in courage or abilities, and whose object was fame, and not the accumulation of wealth. In his intercourse with the Indians, he displayed great humanity and prudence. Balbuena de (da-bal-bwa -na), BERNAR DO, a Spanish poet, and bishop of Porto Rico, in the W. Indies, from 1620 to his death, 1627, b. Val de Penos, 1568. Author of " The Age of Gold, "a pastoral romance; "El Bernardo," an epic poem, and some lyrics. See Ticknw a Ifist. Span. Lit. 65 IB AX, BalcarreS, ALEXANDER LINDSAY, Earl of, a British gen., b. 1752; d. London, 27 Mar. 1825. Eldest son of the 5th Earl Balcarres, whom in 1767 he succeeded in the family hon ors. He became an ensign in the 53d Foot, obtained a majorate, Dec. 9, 1775, and served 3 years in N. America under Carleton and Bur- goyne. He was present at the actions of Trois Rivieres, June 1, 1776; com. the light infantry of the army at Tieonderoga and Hubbardton, July 7, 1777; also at Freeman s Farm, Sept. 19, on the heights of Saratoga, with the com. of the advanced corps of the army. Brig.-Gen. Fraser being killed in the action, Oct. 7, Oct. 8 Balcarres was app. lieut.-col. 24th Foot, and was included in the convention of Saratoga. At the battle of Hubbardton, where he was wounded, 13 balls passed through his clothes. Made maj.-gen. 1793, and in 1794 sent to com. the forces in Jamaica, where he was also placed at the head of the civil administration as lieut.- gov., but soon after returned to Eng. Lieut.- gen. 1798; gen. 1803. At the time of his death, he was one of the representative peers for Scot land, but took no active part in politics. Balch, GEORGE B., capt. U.S.N., b, Tenn., Dec. 30, 1821. Midshipman, Dec. 30, 1837; lieut. Aug. 16, 1850 ; com. July 16, 1862 ; capt. July 25, 1866. Actively engaged in the war with Mexico from first attack on Alvarado, Nov. 1, 1846, to surrender of Vera Cruz, Mar. 1847. While on the sloop "Plymouth," in com. of the advance post at Shanghai, China, he was wounded in the hip in a fight between the rebels and imperialists. Com. steamer " Pocahontas," S. A. squadron ; engaged rebel battery at Stono, S.C., and on the Black River in Aug. 1862; com. steamer "Pawnee," at tacked by 2 rebel batteries, who at the same time attacked Gen. Terry s forces, and were re pulsed July 16, 1863 ; engaged and captured 2 rebel guns in the Keowah River, Dec. 25, 1863 ; in the operations of Dahlgren and Foster in Stono River, S.C., July,1864; and Feb. 9, 1865, with the " Sonoma" and " Daffodil," engaged 3 rebel batteries on Togoda Creek, North Edis- to, S.C., driving the enemy from his works. Humersty, Balch, WILLIAM, minister of the Second Church, Bradford, b. Beverly, Ms., Oct. 2, 1704 ; d. Bradford, Jan. 12, 1792. H. U. 1724. Ord. 7 Jan. 1727. In 1744, he pub. a pamphlet upon a dispute between himself and a few dissatis fied members of his church ; and in 1746, he wrote an able reply to Messrs. Wigglesworth and Chipman, who had attacked him for propa gating Arminian tenets. Besides the above- named, he pub. " A Discourse upon Self-right eousness," 1742, and "Election Sermon," 1749. Eliot. Baldwin, ABRAHAM, statesman, b. Guil- ford, Ct., Nov. 22, 1754 ; d. Washington, D.C., Mar. 4, 1807. Y. C. 1772. Being a good clas sical and mathematical scholar, he was tutor there 5 years, and from 1777, till the close of the war, was a chaplain in the army. Remov ing to Savannah at the request of Gen. Greene, early in 1784 he abandoned the clerical pro fession for that of the law, was a member of the legisl. in 1784, a delegate to Congress in 17S5-8, an active and disting. member of the convention which framed the Federal Consti tution in 1787, under which he was M. C. 1789-99, and a U. S. senator from 1799 til! his death. During the 22 years of his legislative career, he was never absent an hour, until the week preceding his death. In the Georgia legisl. he originated the plan of the State Uni versity, drew up the charter by which it was endowed with 40,000 acres of land, and, with the aid of Gov. John Milledge, carried it through successfully. It was located at Ath ens, and he was several years its pres. He was the bro.-in-law of Joel Barlow; was a man of great talents, ardent patriotism, and exten sive benevolence. Having never been ma:ried, he was enabled by economy to assist many young men in obtaining an education ; and, on the death of his father in 1787, protected and educated 6 orphan-children, his half bros. and sisters, among them Judge Henry Baldwin. Baldwin, ASHBEL, Pr.-Ep. clergyman, b. Litchfield, Ct., Mar. 7, 1757 ; d. Rochester, N. Y., Feb. 8, 1846. Y. C. 1776. He served as a quartermaster in the Re vol. war, and was ord. by Bishop Seabury in 1785, the first Epis. ordination in this country. Minister of Strat ford, 1792-1824. He was a delegate to the General Convention, sec. of the Diocesan Con vention for many years, and sec. of the General Convention several times. After leaving Strat ford, he officiated at Wallingford, Meriden, North Haven, and Oxford, until 1832, when he became disabled by age. He had preached about 10,000 times, baptized 3,010, married 600 couples, and assisted at the burial of about 3,000 individuals. Blake. Baldwin, CHARLES H., Capt. U. S. N., b. N. Y. City, Apr. 24, 1822. Midshipra. Apr. 24, 1839; lieut. Nov. 1853; resigned, and re-en tered navy in 1861 ; com. Nov. 18, 1862; capt. 1869. Served in frigate "Congress" in Mexi can war ; com. steamer " Clifton " at the cap ture of New Orleans, and at the first attack on Vicksburg, 1862. Hamersly. Baldwin, ELIHD WHITTLESEY, Prcs. Wa- bash Coll., Ind., 1835-40, b. Durham, N.Y., 25 Dec. 1789 ; d. Crawfordville, Ind., 15 Oct. 1840. Y. C. 1812 ; And. Sem. 1817. S.T.D. Bloom. Coll. 1839. Minister 7th Presb. Ch., N. Y. City, 1 820-35. See Memoir, by E. F. Hatfield, N.Y. 1843. Baldwin, HENRY, LL.D. (1830), jurist and statesman, bro. of Abraham, b. N. Haven, Ct., Jan. 14, 1780; d. Phila., 21 Apr. 1844. Y. C. 1797. He became eminent at the bar, settled at Pittsburg, Pa., was M. C. from Pa. in 1817-22, and in 1830 was made a justice of the U. S. Supreme Court. Author of " A General View of the Origin and Nature of the Consti tution and Govt. of the U. S.," Phila., 1837. Baldwin, HENRY P., gov. of Michigan, 1869-71, b. Coventry, R.I., 22 Feb. 1814. He engaged in mercantile business in his youth, emigrated to Detroit in 1838, became pres. Sec ond Nat. Bank, and was two years a State senator. Baldwin, JEDDTHAN, col. of engineers in the Revol. army, b. Woburn, Ms., Jan. 13, 1732; d. Brookfield, Ms., June 11, 1788. He com. a company in the exped. against Crown Point, Sept. 15 to Nov. 27, 1755. He was ac- 58 live iu planning the works around Boston during its investment; was made assist, en gineer, rank of capt., at Cambridge, Mar. 16, 1776, and ordered to N.Y. ; placed on the continental establishment, with rank and pay of lieut.-col, Apr. 26, 1776, and ordered ^ to Canada, Sept. 3, 1776; made engineer, with rank of col., and served at Ticonderoga. He was at West Point with his regt. of artificers in Oct. 1780, and resigned Apr. 26, 1782. He was a prominent member of the Ms. Provincial Congress, 1774-5, and a friend of literature. Ha left a bequest of 100 to Leicester Acad. Baldwin, JOHN DENT SON, author, editor, and M.C. (1863-9), b. N. Stonington, Ct., 28 Sept. 1810. A. M. of Y. C. 1839. He studied law and theology ; connected himself with the press, first in Hartford, next in Boston, and afterward became proprietor of the Wor cester Spy. Deleg. to the Chicago Conv. of 1860. Author of " Raymond Hill and other Poems," 1847, and "Prehistoric Nations." Baldwin, JOSEPH G., judg-e Sup. Ct. of Cal. 1857-63, chief-justice, 1863; d. San Fran cisco, 30 Sept. 1 864. Author of " Flush Times of Alabama and Mississippi," 8vo, 1853, and " Party Leaders," 8vo, 1855. His son ALEX. W., U.S. dist. judge for Nevada, was killed at Alameda, Cal., by a railroad accident, 15 Nov. 1869, a. 34. Baldwin, COL. LOAMMI, engineer, b. Woburn, Ms., Jan. 21, 1745; d. there Oct. 20, 1807. A descendant of Deacon Henry, one of the first settlers of Woburn. Having- a good common school education, he devoted his lei sure to the study of mathematics ; attended the lectures of Prof. Winthrop at Harvard Coll. with Bcnj. Thompson, afterward Count Rum- ford, and became a practical surveyor and en gineer. A leading and active Whig of the Revol., he was a member of the county con vention in Middlesex, held in Aug. 1774 ; en tered the army as a major; was chosen lieut.- col. of Gerrish s regt. June 16, 1775 ; was col. of the 26th regt. in Nov. 1775 ; served at Lex ington, at New York, and in the surprise of the Hessians at Trenton, but left the army early in 1777, in poor health. Sheriff of Mid dlesex Co. 1780 to 1794. Member of Ms. legisl. 1778-9 and in 1800. A principal pro prietor of the Middlesex Canal, of which he was superintendent, 1794-1804. Member of the American Acad. His son LOAMMI, engineer, b. Woburn, May 16, 1780; d. June 30, 1838. H.U. 1800. Was often employed in public works by the govt. ; and his skill is well at tested by the dry docks at Charlestown and Newport. Baldwin, MATTHIAS W., a pioneer in ventor, and builder of locomotive-engines, b. Elizabethtown, N.J., 10 Dec. 1795 ; d. Phila., 7 Dec. 1866. He was originally a jeweller, and, while thus employed, invented a new process of gold-plating. He afterward manu factured bookbinders tools, and calico-printers rolls, at which time he built his first steam- enuine. In 1832, he constructed his first loco motive for the Phila. and Germantown Rail way, called the " Ironsides." He made many important improvements in locomotive-engines, and, in Aug. 1842, patented the flexible truck locomotive. He was a member of the Const. Conv. of 1837, and of the State legisl. in 1853 Many years pres. of the Phila. Horde. Soc. Baldwin, ROGER SHERMAN, LL. D. (Y C. 1845), lawyer and senator, b. N. Haven, Jan. 4, 1793; d. there Feb. 19, 1863. Y.C 1811. Son of Judge Simeon by a dau. of Roger Sherman. He studied at the Litchfield Law School ; began practice at N. Haven in 1814 ; soon became eminent in the profession ; was State senator in 1837, and pres. pro tern, in 1838; representative in 1840-1; gov. of Ct. 1844-6; U.S. senator, 1847-51; and a mem ber of the Peace Congress in Feb. 1861, oppos ing the projected amendments to the Constitu tion. His plea in the " Amistead " case, in which he was asso. with John Quincy Adams, was one of the ablest forensic efforts ever made in the U.S. Supreme Court. In the U.S. senate, he advocated the exclusion of slavery from the territory acquired by the Mexican war, and opposed the compromises of 1850, especially the Fugitive Slave Bill. See Biotj. Disc, by Rev. Dr. Dutton in N. Englander, Apr. 1863. Baldwin, SIMEON, jurist, father of the preceding, b. Norwich, Ct., 14 Dec. 1761 ; d. New Haven, 26 May, 1851. Y.C. 1781. Tu tor at Yale in 1783-6; admitted to the N. Haven bar, acquired an extensive practice ; was clerk of the District and Circuit Courts in 1790-1803; M.C. 1803-5; judge of the State Supreme Court, 1806-17, and of the Court of Errors ; pres. of the Board of Corns, to locate the Farmington Canal in 1822-30, and mayor of the city of New Haven in 1826. Baldwin, THOMAS, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1803), Baptist clergyman, b. Norwich, Ct., 23 Dec. 1753; d. Waterville, Me., 29 Aug. 1825. With little early education, he became, by dili gent effort, an eminent preacher, and the head of his sect in N. E. Ord. 11 June, 1783, at Canaan, N.H., and in Nov. 1790, over the Second Church, Boston. Prominent in the establishment of Waterville Coll., Me., 1820, and Columb. Coll., D.C., 1821. He began the Amer. Bapt. Mag. in 1803 ; was sole editor until 1817, and senior editor till his d. Several times a member of the legisl., and mem ber of the State Const. Conv. of 1820. Author of " Baptism of Believers only," 1806, and a number of sermons. Balfour, NISBET, a British gen., b. Edin burgh, 1743; d. Denbigh, Co. Fife, Oct. 10, 1823. Son of an auctioneer and bookseller of Edinburgh. Entering the service as an ensiVn in the 4th Foot in 1761, he obtained a company in 1770; was wounded at the battle of Bunker s Hill in 1775, and again in the action at the landing on Long Island; was at the rap ture of Brooklyn, and at the taking of New York in 1776, on which occasion he was sent home by the com. -in-chief with despatches, and received, in consequence, the brev. of maj. Nov. 19, 1776. He was present in the action near Elizabethtown, N.J., in the spring of 1777; in the engagements of Brandywine and Germantown ; at the siege of Charleston, and served, under Lord Cornwallis, part of the campaign after the surrender of the latter place. He was com. at Charleston in 1781, and caused Col. Isaac Hayne s execution, an act of un justifiable cruelty. He was app. lieut.-col 23d Foot in 1778, col. and aide-de-camp to the king in 1782 ; attained the rank of maj.-gen. in 1793 ; served in Flanders and Holland in 1794 ; became lieut.-gen. in 1798, and gen. in 1803. Gent s Mag. 1823. Balfoiir, WALTER, Universalist clergy man, b. St. Miniaus, Scotland, 1777; d. Charlestown, Ms., where he had long been settled, 3 Jan. 1852. Educated a Presbyte rian, be came to the U. S. at the age of 20 , acquired popularity as an extempore speaker ; became a Baptist at 30, and a Universalist 10 years later, by reading Prof. Stuart s letters to Dr. Channing. He pub. " Inquiries Con cerning the Devil," and " Scriptural Import of the Words translated Hell," 1824; "The State of the Dead," 1833; "Reply," and " Letters to Prof. Stuart," " Letters to Hud son," and other controversial works. Ball, DYER, M.D., clergyman and mis sionary, b. W. Boylston, Ms., June 3, 1796 ; d. Canton, China, March 27, 1866. Tin. Coll. 1 826. He studied at Phillips Acad., and at Yale, but was obliged to go South for his health. After a theological course at N. Haven and Andover, he was licensed to preach in 1828, and ord. in 1831. He taught school in St. Au gustine, Fla., and was a missionary and teacher in the South until 1837 ; having also the degree of M. D. from the medical institution in Charleston. He sailed for Singapore, May 25, 1838; labored there two years; went to Macao in June, 1841 ; removed to Hong Kong in April, 1843, where he lost his first wife; and in 1845 removed to Canton, where he again m., and passed the remainder of his life in mis sionary, medical, and educational labor. For many years he printed a Chinese Almanac. He visited the U. S. in 1854-7. Ball, EPHRAIM, inventor of the Ohio Reaper and Mower, b. Stark Co., 0., 1812. Passed his youth without the advantages of even a common-school education. In 1840, he began to make ploughs ; and " Ball s Blue Ploughs " became a success. He subsequent ly associated with himself, in this business, Cornelius Aultman and Lewis Miller, whose large establishment at Canton, O., became widely known. "The Ohio Mower " appeared in 1854, and was patented in 1856; and in 1858 the "Buckeye" machine was brought out, which attained a large popularity. Ball, THOMAS, sculptor, b. Charlestown, Ms., June 3, 1819. Possessing a fine bass voice, he sang solo parts in oratorios in Boston. His first art attempts were at portraits. Among his best pictures are those of Mrs. Barrett the actress, and a full length of Webster. He has executed, in marble, busts of Webster, Choate, Jonas Checkering; statuettes of Lincoln, Web ster, and Clay ; full-length statues of Webster and Everett, and an equestrian statue of Wash ington in the Boston Public Garden. He has also produced ideal statues of Eve, Pandora, Truth, and the Shipwrecked Sailor-Boy. In Feb. 1871, his statue of John A. Andrew was placed in the State House, Boston. Tucker- nan. Ballard, MAJ. BLAND, b. Fredericksburg, Va., Oct. 16, 1761 ; d. Shelby Co., Ky., Sept 5,1853. He went to Ky. in 1779, and took part in many of the Indian conflicts of those days. As maj. of Ky. Vols., he led the advance against the British and Indians at the River Raisin, and was wounded, and taken prisoner. He was often chosen to the Ky. legisl. Ballard, ED WARD, D.D.(Trin. Coll. 1865), Pr.-Ep. clergyman, sec. N.H. Hist. Soc., b. Hopkinton, N.H., 1805; d. Brunswick, Me., Nov. 14, 1870. Formerly a school-teacher, latterly rector of St. Paul s church, Brunswick. Dr. B. was well versed in the Indian languages, and early history of Maine, and was a contrib. to the pub. collections of the Me. Hist. Soc. Brunsw. Teleg. Nov. 18. Ballard, HENRY E., com. U.S. Navy, b. Md., 1785; d. Annapolis, Md., May 23, 1855. Son of Maj. Ballard of the Rev. army. Mid shipman, Nov. 2, 1804 ; lieut. April 2*6, 1810 ; master, April 27, 1816; Capt. March 3, 1825. Lieut, in the frigate " Constitution " in the action with the " Cyane " and "Levant," Feb. 20, 1815. Ballou, HOSEA, a prominent Univ. min ister, b. Richmond, N.H., Apr. 30, 1771 ; d. Boston, June 7, 1852. He was one of six sons of Rev. Maturin Ballou, a Baptist minister, of whom Benj. and David, as well as the sub ject of this memoir, afterwards became Univ. preachers. His father, who had a large family, received no salary for preaching, and was ex tremely poor. As there were no schools in his native town, nor pen, ink, nor writing-pa per in his father s house, he was obliged to be his own teacher, to substitute birch-bark for paper, and to use charcoal in place of pen and ink. By perseverance, he enabled himself to read and write at the age of 16. He began to preach when ab. 21, and labored principally in R. I., but subsequently in various portions of N.E. In 1794, he settled at Dana, Ms. At the age of 30, he removed to Vt. to officiate in Woodstock, Hartland, Bethel, and Barnard. He there wrote his popular "Notes on the Parables," 1804, and "Treatise on the Atone ment." In 1807, he became pastor of the Univ. society in Portsmouth, N.H., where he disting. himself by his controversial writings ; and in 1815 removed to Salem, Ms. He was installed pastor of the 2d Univ. society in Bos ton, Dec. 17, 1817, where he labored over 35 years. He commenced the Universalist Maga zine in 1819, conducted for a few years solely by himself, and afterwards by Rev. Thos. Whittemore. Besides the works already named are a series of 26 lecture sermons, and 20 select sermons; "An Examination of the Doctrine of Future Retribution," 1846. His essays, fugitive sermons, and other pub. works, it is estimated would make 100 12mo vols. In 1831, he commenced with his nephew, Rev. Hosea Ballou, 2d. a quarterly publication, en titled the Universalist Expositor, which he ed ited two years, and continued a contributor to till his death. A vol. of his fugitive verses consists mostly of hymns, many of which are included in the " Universalist Collection," by Adams and Chapin. A Life by his son, M. M. Ballou, has been pub., also by Thos, Whitte more, 2 vols. 8vo, 1854. 58 BallQU, HOSEA, 2d, D.D. (H. U. 1844), Univ. clergyman and author, b. Halifax, Vt., Oct. 18, 1796; d. Somerville, Ms., May 27, 1861. Grandson of Benj., elder bro. of Rev. Hosea Ballou of Boston. He received his early education at Halifax, Vt. About 1815, he was settled as pastor of Stafford, Ct., where he continued 4 or 5 years. July 29, 1821, he was installed pastor of the church at Roxbury, where he remained until June, 1838, when he was installed at Medford, Ms. In May, 1853, he was chosen first pres. of Tufts Coll., Som erville, Ms., which he had been active in es tablishing, and after visiting Europe, and ex amining the colleges there, on his return, Aug. 22, 1855, entered upon his duties. In May, 1822, he became one of the editors of the Universalist Magazine (now the Trumpet), and in July, 1830, in connection with Rev. Hosea Ballou, sen., he commenced the publication of the Universalist Expositor, which he edited many years under that title and the title of the * Universalist Quarterly. In 1829, he pub. " The Ancient History of Universalism," and a collection of psalms and hymns for the use of Univ. societies and families, 1837. He ed ited Sismondi s " History of the Crusades " 12mo, Bost., 1833. Ballou, MATORIN M., b. Boston, 1822, son of Rev. Hosea, editor and proprietor of Ballou s Pictorial and the Flag of our Union. Author of " History of Cuba/ 1854, "Biog raphy of Rev. Hosea Ballou," and " Life- Story of Hosea Ballou," a juvenile work. Baltimore, LORD, see Calvert, George. Bancroft, AARON, D.D., a Unitarian minister, b. Reading, Ms., Nov. 10, 1755; d. Worcester, Ms., Aug. 19, 1839. H. U. 1778. D.D. 1810. Though his studies were much interrupted by the Revol., he became one of the most accomplished scholars of the country. He shouldered a musket as a volunteer at Lexington and Bunker s Hill. After spending some time in teaching, he studied theology, was licensed to preach, and spent three years as a missionary in Yarmouth, N.S. Feb. 1, 1786, he was settled ir. Worcester, where he spent the residue of his life. He was a pio neer in liberal Christianity, and took an ac tive part in associations, conventions, and ec clesiastical councils. He pub. a " Eulogy on Washington "in 1800, " Life of Washington " in 1807, and in 1822 a vol. of controversial sermons. He delivered, Jan. 1, 1836, a dis course on the 50 years of his ministry at Wor cester, which has been printed with historical notes. He was in straitened pecuniary circum stances in the early part of his career, and, in the last years of his life, he was oppressed by severe domestic afflictions. Member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Father of Hon. George Bancroft, LL. D. Bancroft, DR. EDWARD, political and scientific writer, b. Westfield, Ms., Jan. 9, 1744 ; d. Eng. 8 Sept. 1820. Pres. Adams, in his autobiography, says that Bancroft had been a pupil of Silas Deane when the latter was a school-teacher; after some education, he was apprenticed to a trade, from which he ran away, and went to sea in debt to his master ; returned successful, and compensated his em ployer ; went again to sea ; practised med .cine in "Guiana in 1763, and, taking up his resi dence in Eng., pub. in London, in 1769, his " Natural History of Guiana," a work of mer it. He next wrote " Sir Charles Wentworth," a novel in which Christianity was vilified. He was a member of the Roy. Coll. of Physicians Lond., and Fellow of the Roy. Society. Gain ing the intimacy of Dr. Franklin, the latter recommended him to the editors and proprie tors of the Monthly Review, for whom he was to review all publications relative to America. In this labor, Franklin also participated. He was also a " meddler in the stocks." In the summer of 1777, being suspected by the Brit ish Govt. of participation in the attempt to burn Portsmouth dockyard, he fled to Passy. He then went to Paris to meet Silas Deane, and render assistance to the Amer. cause. He had previously pub. a vol. in support of Amer. colonial rights, entitled "Remarks on the Re view of the Controversy between Great Bri tain and her Colonies," Lond., 1769, written by Wm. Knox. He had "a clear head and a good pen, and wrote some pieces relative to the connection between France and Amer., which were translated, and printed in a work, entitled Affaires de I Anyleterre et de I Ame rique." Bancroft the historian accuses him of being a spy in the pay of the British Government, and of making a dupe of Deane, who showed him all his instructions and correspondence. After the peace, he obtained a patent in France for the exclusive importation of the bark of the yellow oak, for the dyers, and afterward pro cured a similar patent in Eng., by which he is said to have realized 800 a year. In 1794, he pub. the first vol. of " Experimental Research es concerning the Philosophy of Permanent Colors," &c., followed by a second in 1813. He never returned to America. Bancroft, GEORGE, LL.D., historian and politician, b. Worcester, Ms., Oct. 3, 1800. H. U. 1817. Son of Rev. Aaron Bancroft. He studied at the German universities, and re ceived at Gottingen, in 1820, the degree of Ph. D. Returning to Amer. in 1822, he officiated one year at Harvard as tutor of Greek. In 1823, in conjunction with Dr. J. G. Cogswell, he established the Round Hill School at North ampton, as a preparatory school for collegiate instruction. He began at this time collecting materials for a history of the U. S., the first vol. of which appeared in 1834, and the 9th 1866. In 1826, in an oration at Northampton, he declared himself for universal suffrage and uncompromising democracy. In 1835, he draft ed an address to the people of Ms., at ^he re quest of the young men s Democ. Convention, and was active as a public speaker, and in drawing up political resolutions and addresses. In 1838-41, he was collector of Boston, and was a frequent orator in political assemblies. In 1844, he was the Democ. candidate for gov. of Ms., but was not elected. In 1845, he en tered Mr. Polk s cabinet as sec. of the navy, signalizing his administration by the establish ment of the naval school at Annapolis. In 1846-9, he was minister-plenipo. to Great Bri tain, and occupied himself in perfecting his col lections on Amer. history. He also brought 59 ab. changes in the British navigation laws fa vorable to Amer. commerce. App. minister to Prussia in 1867, and has negotiated a treaty with the N. Germ. Confed., by which German naturalized citizens of the U. S. are released from allegiance to the government of their na tive country. In 1823, he pub. a translation of Heeren s " Politics of Ancient Greece." Besides many public addresses, he has collected a vol. of " Miscellanies," chiefly upon historical and philosophical topics. In 1849, the Univ. of Oxford made him a doctor of civil law ; and in that year he returned to the U. S. A small vol. of poems pub. at Boston in 1823 witnesses to the poetical enthusiasm with which he traversed the ruins of Italy and the sublime scenery of Switzerland. He was a contrib. to the N. A. Review. He has filled the office of pres. of the Amer. Geographical Society, and is adisting. member of the Ethno logical and N. Y. Historical Societies. Mr. Bancroft has also pub. an abridgment of his history. In Oct. 1855, he delivered an address on the site of the battle of King s Mountain, S.C. ; another, Sept. 10, 1360, at the inaugura tion of the statue of Com. Perry at Cleve land, O. ; a eulogium on Prescott the historian, in 1859, before the N.Y. Hist. Society, and in Mar. 1866, delivered a eulogy on Pres. Lin coln, before both houses of Congress. Bangs, NATHAN, D.D., Methodist minis ter, and scholar, b. Stratford, Ct., May 2, 1778; d. N. Y. City, May 3, 1862. He com menced business-life as a schoolmaster and land- surveyor, making a tour in Upper Canada, and continued these occupations until, in 1801, he entered the itinerant ministry of the Methodist Church. In the discharge of this function he travelled in Canada 7 years, and, returning to the U. S. in 1808, had charge of several circuits, stations, and districts, until 1820, when he was elected agent and editor of the Methodist Book Concern. He was in 1828- 32 editor of the Christian Advocate and Jour nal, the Quarterly Review, and also of the books issued from the establishment in 1832-36. He was cor. sec. of the missionary society of the M. E. Church in 1836-41; pres. of the Wes- leyan Univ. at Middletown, Ct., 1841-3 ; then took charge of different churches in N. Y. and Brooklyn, for 10 years. Author of " The Er rors of Hopkinsianism," "Predestination Exam ined," " Reformer Reformed," Life of Garret- son," " History of the Methodist-Episcopal Church," "History of Missions," 1832, "An Original Church of Christ," "Emancipa tion," "Letters on Sanctification," "State Prospects and Responsibilities of the M. E. Church," " Life of Arminius," " Scriptural Vindication of the M. E. Church," 1820. Banister, JOHN, naturalist, b. Eng. ; d. Va., 1693. He came from the W. Indies to Va., and settled near Jamestown. Formerly a clergy man, he devoted himself here to botanical pur suits, in which he was long and successfully engaged. He fell a victim to his favorite pursuit, being killed by a fall while climbing some rocks in one of his botanical excursions. He was at the time engaged upon a work on the natural history of Va. In 1680, he sent a catalogue of plants to the naturalist Ray, who pub. them in the 2d vol. of his work. Among his pubs, were " Observations on the Natural Productions of Jamaica," " The Insects of Virginia," 1700, " Curiosities in Virginia," "Observations on the Unseen Lupus," "On Several Sorts of Snails," " A Description of the Pistolochia or Serpentaria Virginiana, the Snakeroot." Banister, COL. JOHN, b. Va. ; d. near Hatcher s Run, Dinwiddie Co., Va., 1787. Educated in Eng., and studied law at the Temple. Member of all the patriotic conventions of the Revol. period ; col. in the Va. line ; member of the Assembly, and of the Continental Con gress in 1778-9, and one of the framers of the Articles of Confederation. In 1781, he was lieut.-col. of cav. under Gen. Lawson, and, dur ing the invasion of Va., was active in repelling the enemy, and lost much property. For spe cimens of his literary abilities, see the Bland Papers, and also Sparks s Revol. Corresp. Grif/sbi/, and Campbell s Va. Bankhead, JAMES, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b.Va., 1783; d. Baltimore, Md., Nov. 11,1856. Son of James Bankhead of Port Royal, planter and Revol. off., who d. Aug. 1840. App. capt. 5th Inf. 18 June, 1808 ; brigade maj. to Gen. Smyth, 1812; assist, adj.-gen. 5 Mar. 1813; maj. 4th Inf. 15 Aug. 1813; adj.-gen. Sept. 9, 1813; lieut.-col. 3d Art. Apr. 26, 1832; brev. col. " for meritorious conduct in campaigns in Florida," July 7, 1838; col. 2d Art. Sept. 16, 1838; brev. brig.-gen. "for gallant and meri torious conduct at the siege of Vera Cruz," Mar. 29, 1847; com. dept. of Orizaba, Mex., Jan. 1848, and at the time of his death com. the military depart, of the east. His son JOHN P. BANKHEAD, capt. U. S. N., b. S.C. ; d. Aden, at the mouth of the Red Sea, Apr. 27, 1867. He com. the famous "Monitor," which foundered in a gale off Cape Hutteras on the night of Dec. 30, 1862; com. "The Pembina " at the capture of Port Royal, and " The Florida" at the capture of Fernandina. He entered the navy 10 Aug. 1838. Banks, JOHN, lawyer, b. Juniata Co., Pa., 1793 ; d. Reading, Pa., Apr. 3, 1864. Received a classical education. Adm. to the bar in 1819, and practised in the western part of the State ; M. C. 1831-6; pres. judge 3d judicial dist. 1836-47 ; State treasurer in 1847. Banks, NATHANIEL PRENTISS, statesman, b. Walthara, Ms., 30 Jan. 1816. His parents were operatives in a factory. With only a common school education, he applied himself earnestly to study ; edited a newspaper in Wal- tham, and afterward in Lowell ; studied law ; became a popular Democ. speaker, and, during Polk s administration, held an office in the Boston custom house. Member of Ms. legisl. 1849; speaker in 1851-2, and a prominent advocate of the coalition between the Demo crats and Freesoilers, by which the Whig as- cendency in Ms. was terminated ; pres. of the State Const. Conv. of 1853; M. C. 1853-7, separating from his party on the question of slavery, and, after a protracted contest, chosen speaker of the house in 1855 ; gov. of Ms. in 1858-61 ; pres. of the Illinois Central Rail road when the Rebellion began, and, offering his services to Pres. Lincoln, was made maj. 60 gen. 16 May, 1861, and app. to com. the An napolis military district, and subsequently that of the Shenandoah. 24 May, 1862, he was attacked by Stonewall Jackson, and compelled to make a rapid retreat. He com. a corps under Gen. Pope in the battle of Cedar Moun tain, Vtu, 9 Aug., 1862, and in Dec. succeeded Gen. Butler in com. of the dept. of La. He took Opelousas in Apr. 1863, after defeating the enemy, and capturing 2,000 prisoners, and Alexandria in May, 1 863. His capture of Port Hudson, 8 July, 1863, opened the navigation of the Mississippi, and had important results. In Mar. 1864, he made a fruitless exped. to the Red River, being defeated by Dick Taylor at Sabfne Cross Roads, 8 Apr., and, in turn, re pulsing him 9 Apr. at Pleasant Hill. He was relieved from com. in May, 1864. M. C. since 1865, and chairman of the com. of foreign relations. He is less eminent in debate than as a presiding officer. Banneker, BENJAMIN, a negro astron omer, b. Md.,Nov. 9, 1731 ; d. Baltimore, Oct. 1806. Of African descent, he learned to read and write of his maternal grandmother, a white woman, who liberated and married one of her slaves. While employed in daily agricultural labor, he taught himself mathematics and as tronomy, and made the necessary calculations for, and from 1792, for many years, pub., al manacs for Md. and the adjoining States. In 1792, he pub. a letter addressed to Jefferson, the sec. of State. He assisted Ellicott in lay ing out the city of Washington, and in running the boundary-lines of the District of Columbia, and was complimented for his scientific ac quirements by Condorcet, sec. of the French Acad. of Sciences, to whom Thomas Jefferson had sent one of Banneker s Almanacs. See Memoir by J. H. B. Latrobe, 1845, and by J. S. Norris, 1854, pub. by the Md. Hist. Soc. Baraga, FREDERIC, D.D., R.C. bishop of Marquette and Sault Ste. Marie, b. Dobernich, Austria, 1797; d. Marquette, Jan. 19, 1868. He settled at Sault Ste. M. before 1838. Con secrated bishop Nov. 1, 1853. Made bishop of Sault Ste. M., Jan. 9, 1857, and of Mar quette and S. S. M., Oct. 15, 1865. Author of " Grammar of the Otchipwe Language/ Detroit, 12mo, 1851; "Dictionary of the Otchipwe Language," Cincin., 1853. Baranov (ba-ra nof), ALEXANDRE ANDRE VITH, gov. of Russian Amer., d. at sea n. Java, Apr. 28, 1819. At first a Siberian merchant, he embarked, in Aug. 1790, for the Island of Kodiak, and, immediately upon his arrival, opened a trade with the natives. In 1796, he established a mercantile colony at Behring s Strait, and, in 1799, he took possession of the large Island of Sitka. He had many natural obstacles to overcome ; but his efforts were as sisted by the Russian company ; and he ob tained from the Emperor Alexander a title of nobility. After having lost, and again recover ing in Oct. 1804, the fortress of the Isle of Sitka, he established there an important factory, and transacted business with Canton, Manilla, Boston, N.Y., and Cal. ; and he even founded a small colony in the vicinity of San Francisco. He withdrew from the field of bis labors in 1818, but did not revisit his country ; for, touching at Batavia, the climate proved fatal to him. Nouv. Biog. Gen. Barbe, MARBOIS, see Marbois. Barber, COL. FRANCIS, Revol. officer, b. Princeton, N.J., 1751 ; d. Feb. 11, 1783. N.J. Coll. 1767. He became in 1769 rector of the acad., and pastor of the Presb. Church, at Elizabethtown, N.J., and had among his pupils Alexander Hamilton. Resigning these posts, he was, in Feb. 1776, commissioned by Con gress major of the 3d N.J. batt. ; lieut.-col. in Nov., and subsequently assist, insp.-gen. under Baron Steuben. He served at Trenton, Prince ton, Brandy wine, German town, and Mon- mouth, where he was severely wounded ; in 1779, he was adj. -gen. in Sullivan s Indian exped., and was wounded in the battle of Newtown. He was engaged in the battle of Springfield, and in 1781 was intrusted with the delicate and important duty of suppress ing the revolt of the Pa. and N.J. troops, in which he was successful. He was with the army at Newburgh in 1783; and, on the same day that Washington announced to the army the conclusion of the treaty of peace, Col. Barber was killed by the falling of a tree while riding along the skirt of a wood. Two younger bros., John and William, were officers in the N.J. line. Barber, JOHN WARNER, historian, b. Windsor, Ct., 1798. Has pub. " History and Antiquities of New Haven," 12mo, 1831 ; "Religious Events," 12mo, 1832 ; " Historical Colls." of Connecticut, 8vo, 1836, Massachu setts, 8vo, 1839, and New Jersey, 1844, Vir ginia, 18t4, Ohio, 1847, and New York, in connection with H. Howe. He has also pub. "Incidents in Amer. Hist." 12mo, 1847; "Elements of Gen. Hist." 16mo, 1844; "Re ligious Emblems and Allegories," 12mo, 1848 ; "European Hist. Colls." 8vo, 1855; " History and Antiquities of N. E., N.Y., and N.J., 8vo, 1841; "Our whole Country, Historical and Descriptive," 8vo, Cincin., 1861; "Hist. Scenes in the U. S." 1827, and, in connection with Eliz. G. Barber, "Historical, Poetical, and Pictorial American Scenes," 12mo, 1850. Barber, JONATHAN, M.D., elocutionist, b. Eng., 1784 ; d. near Montreal, May 11, 1864. He practised medicine at Scarborough, and after ward at London successfully ; came to the U.S. ab. 1820 ; devoted himself to teaching elocution at Yale and Harvard Colleges; then lectured on phrenology extensively; went to Canada in 1842; resumed medical practice there as a homceopathist in 1845, and was afterward prof, of oratory in the McGill U., Montreal. He pub. several works on elocution. Barbour, JAMES, statesman, b. Orange Co., Va., June 10, 1775 ; d. there June 8, 1842. Son of Col. Thomas. He obtained a limited education while serving as a dep. sheriff ; be gan to practise law at 19, and first disting. himself as a member, and then as speaker, of the Va. House of Delegates. Participating in every important debate, he ably vindicated the resolutions of Mr. Madison in 1798, and was the proposer of the anti-duelling law, one of the most stringent and effective legisl. acts ever passed. Gov. of Va. 1812-14; U. S. senator, 1815-25, sec. of war, 1825-8; and 61 minister to Eng. in 1828-9; prcs. of the Har- risburg convention in 1839. In the senate, he took an important part in the discussion of the Mo. question, was chairman of the com mittee on foreign affairs, and ultimately pres. pro tern. Barbour, JOHN S., politician, b. Culpep- per Co., Va., Aug. 8, 1790; d. there Jan. 12, 1855. Son of Mordecai, a Revol. officer. He was at William and Mary Coll. in 1808-9; then studied law with his relative Gov. B. ; and, in the War of 1812, was aide to Gen. Madison. He was a member of the State legisl. ; M.C. 1823-33; again in the Va. legisl. in 1833-4, and was prominent and influential in the public affairs of Va. and of the U.S. He was of the Stare Rights school, and was an able debater. One of his best speeches in Congress was de livered in defence of McDuffie s proposition to break up the system of voting for President by States, and establish a uniform system of vot ing by districts. Member of the Const. Conv. of 1829-30. Barbour, PHILIP PENDLETON, jurist and politician. Son of Col. Thomas, a Revol. patriot, b. Orange Co., Va., May 25, 1783; d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 24, 1841. He was a lawyer of talent, represented his county in the Va* legisl. in 1812-14, and was an acknowl edged leader of the "war party/ M.C., 1814-25 and 1827-33; an opponent of public improvements being made by Congress, and of a tariff, and sustained the Southern side of the Mo. question. Speaker of the house in 1821 ; judge of one of the Va. courts in 1825-7 ; pres. of the Va. Const. Conv. in 1829; pres. of the Free Trade Conv. in Phila. in 1831 ; judge of the U.S. Circuit Court for the eastern district of Va. in 1829-36; and asso. judge of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1836-41. Barcena (bar-tha -na;, ALFONSO, a Span ish missionary to S. America, b. Cordova ; d. 1598. He wrote for the use of the natives, and in their language, some religious and edu cational works. Barcia de (bar-thee -a), ANDREA GON ZALEZ, who lived about 1700, was author of " A General History of Florida," and " First Historians of the West Indies." Barclay, HENRY, D.D. (Oxf. U. 1761), Pr.-Ep. rector of Trinity Church, N.Y. City, from Oct. 1746 to his death, 20 Aug. 1764; b. Albany. Y. C. 1734. He took orders in Eng. 30 Jan. 1 738, and was some years a mis sionary to the Mohawk Indians. The transla tion of the church Liturgy into the Mohawk, under his direction and that of Revs. N. An drews and J. Ogilvie, was pub. in 1769. Barclay, J. T., M.D., b. Hanover C. H., Va. , 1 807. Three and a half years a missionary to Jerusalem, and since 1858 a permanent resident there. Has pub. " The City of the Great King ; or, Jerusalem as it was, as it is, and is to be," Phila., 8vo, 57 ; " Map of Jerusalem and Environs," N.f., 1856 Barclay, R. H. capt. R. N., com. of the British fleet in the battle on Lake Erie, b Scotland ; d. Edinburgh, May 8, 1 837. He had served with Nelson, lost an arm at Trafalgar, and assumed the com. on the lake in May, 1813. He fitted out the naval armament which he afterward com., and displayed great energy and activity. His fleet, however, owing to the scarcity of sailors, was poorly manned, and in the obstinate battle of the 10th of Sept. this deficiency, together with the superior weight of metal in the Amer. fleet, compelled the surrender of Barclay and his entire force. He was dangerously wounded, and his remain ing arm rendered useless. A trial by court- marshal resulted in his honorable acquittal. Morgan. Bard, JOHN, physician, b. Burlington. N.J*, Feb. 1, 1716; d. Hyde Park, N.Y., Mar. 30, 1799. He was of a family which the edict of Nantes had driven from France. Peter, his father, came to Md., a merchant, in 1703, buf soon moved to N. J., where he was many years a privy-councillor and second judge of the Supreme Court. He received the rudiments of a classical education at Phila. ; was seven years a surgeon s apprentice there, and began a lasting friendship with Dr. Franklin. He established himself in New York in 1746, and soon ranked among the most skilful in his profession. In 1750, he assisted Dr. Middle- ton in the first recorded dissection in America. In 1759, he was app. to take measures to pre vent the spread of ship-fever, and selected Bedloe s Island for a hospital, of which he took charge. In 1778, he withdrew from the city; but, after the Revol., he resumed practice there, and in 1788 became first pres. of the N.Y. Medical Society. In 1795, when the yellow-fever raged in New York, Dr. Bard, though near 80, remained at his post, but gave up practice in May, 1798. He left an essay on malignant pleurisy, and several pa pers on the yellow-fever, pub. in the Amer ican Medical Register. Bard, SAMUEL, M.D. (U.ofEdinb. 1765), LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1815), physician, son of Dr. John, b. Phila., 1 Apr. 1742; d. 24 May, 1821. On his passage to Edinburgh, where he studied medicine, he was captured by the French (Sept. 1761 ), and owed his release, five months later, to Dr. Franklin, then living in London. After a tour through Scotland and Eng., he returned home in 1767, having gained the annual medal given by Prof. Hope for the best collection of plants. He began practice in New York with his father; organized a med ical school, which was united to King s Coll., in which he took the chair of physic in 1769, subsequently becoming dean of the faculty. He m. his cousin Mary Bard in 1770, pur chased his father s establishment and business in 1772, and in 1795 took Dr. Hosack into partnership. In 1774, he gave a course of clinical lectures ; caused the establishment of a public hospital in 1791, of which he was app. visiting physician ; and in 1813 was app. pres. of the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons. While the seat of govt. was in N.Y. City, he was Washington s family physician. In 1798, he retired to his country-seat in N.J., but, on the approach of the yellow-fever, returned to his post. He took the disease, but, nursed by his faithful wife, soon recovered. He was a skilful horticulturist, as well as an eminent physician. Besides addresses anl discourses, he pub. " The Shepherd s Guide;" de Viri 62 *us Opii, 1765; on Angina Suffocativa, in vol. I. Amer. Phil. Trans., and " Compendium of Midwifery," 1 807. See Life, by John Me Vicar, 1822. Barker, JACOB, financier, b. Swan Island, Kennebec Co., Me., 7 Dec. 1779. He was of a Quaker family, connected, on his mother s side, with the mother of Dr. Franklin. At 16 he went to New York, soon began to trade on his own account, and at 21 was the owner of four ships and a brig, and engaged in large transactions. He became a State senator, and, when sitting in the Court of Errors, delivered an opinion in an insurance case in opposition to that of Judge Kent, and was sustained by the court. His ships were all captured during the War of 1812. He established the Union newspaper to advocate the election of Gov. Clinton ; started the Exchange Bank in 1815; became largely concerned in stocks, and, on the failure of the " Life and Fire Insurance Co.," was indicted with others for conspiracy to defraud. He defended himself ably, and the trial was quashed ; but public confidence was shaken, and he removed to New Orleans in 1834. He was adm. to the bar, and became a political and business leader there ; but the Rebellion brought ruin again upon him, and in Dec. 1867, at the age of 88, he was again in bankruptcy. See incidents of his Life, 1800- 55, N.Y., 1855. D. Phila. EL-c. 27, 1871. Barker, JAMES NELSON, soldier, author, politician, b. Phila., June 17, 1784 ; d. Wash ington, D.C., Mar. 9, 1858. Son of Gen. John. He was a brave officer in the War of 1812, in which he gained the rank of major; was alderman in 1817, and mayor of Phila. in 1820; collector of that port in 1829-38; comptroller of the U.S. treas. 1838 to 1858. In 1814, he was severely wounded in a duel, and was assist, adj.-gen. 4th milit. district, from 1814 to 1817. He wrote two dramas, " Marmion," and the " Indian Princess ; " " Superstition/ a tragedy ; the comedy of " Smiles and Tears," and a poem called "The Sisters." He was a contrib. to the public journals of Phila. and Washington. His poem " Little Red Riding Hood" is in " Gris- wold s Poets and Poetry of America." " Sketch of the Primitive Settlements on the River Del aware," 8vo, Phil., 1827. Barker, JOHN, D.D., pres. of Alleghany Coll., Meadville, Pa.; d. there Feb. 26, 1860. Barksdale, WILLIAM, brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Rutherford Co., Tenn., Aug. 21, 1821 ; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. He studied at the Nashville U.; removed to Co lumbus, Mpi.; was adm. to the bar, where he practised successfully, and, while editing the Democrat sustained the principle of State Rights. During the Mexican war, he served in the 2d Mpi. Vols. In 1851, he was a mem ber of the State convention to discuss the rompromises of 1850. From 1853 he was a leading State Rights member of Congress of the Democ. party, until the war broke out; when he left his seat, and joined the Confed. army. He assisted Brooks in his assault upon Senator Sumner. At the head of the 13th Mpi. Regt., he took part in the various cam paigns of Va., attained the rank of brig.-gen., and com. the 3d brigade of Early s division, Swell s corps. Barlow, FRANCIS CHANNING, maj.-gen vols., b. Brooklyn, N.Y., Oct. 19, 1834. H. U. 1855. First in his class. He studied law, began practice in N.Y. City, was for a time connected with the Tribune, and, in Apr. 1861, became a private in the 12th N.Y. Regt., in which he served three months, rising to 1st lieut. He then became lieut.-col. 61st N.Y. Vols., and, during the siege of Yorktown, col., distinguishing himself at Fair Oaks. In the retreat from the Chickahominy to James River, his regt. rendered important service*. At Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862, he captured two stands of colors and 300 prisoners, receivei? two severe wounds, and was carried off the field for dead. Sept. 19, he was app. brig.- gen. for disting. conduct at the battle of Fair Oaks, June 1, 1862. He com. a brigade of Howard s div. at the battle of Chancellors- ville, May 2, 1863. At Gettysburg, he was again severely wounded. In Grant s cam paign of 1864, he captured the whole division of Gen: Johnston ; com. a division tit the bat tles of the -Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and the assault on Petersburg. In the final struggle and pursuit of Lee s routed army, he rendered essential service. Secretary of State of N.Y. 1866-8 ; U.S. marshal for the Southern dis trict of N.Y., 1868. Barlow, JOEL, poet, b. Reading, Ct., 24 Mar. 1755; d. Zarnowicke, near Cracow, Po land, 22 Dec. 1812. Y. C. 1778. He served as a volunteer in the Revol. army, studied the ology, was licensed as a Cong, minister, and in 1778-83 was a chaplain in the army, vary ing his clerical duties with the composition of patriotic songs and addresses to keep up the spirit of the soldiers. About 1781, he m. a sister of Hon. Abraham Baldwin, and delivered at New Haven a poem, entitled " The Prospect of Peace." Settling at Hartford, he tried book selling, established the American Mercury, a weekly paper, and in 1785 was adm. to the bar. In 1786, he pub. a revision of Dr. Watts s ver sion of the Psalms, containing some pieces of his own. He was also one of the authors of the " Anarchiad," and in 1787 pub. his " Vi sion of Columbus." VisitingEurope in 1788, as agent of the Ohio Land Co., he pub., in aid of the French revol., " Advice to the Privileged Orders," " Letter to the National Conven tion," 1791, and the "Conspiracy of Kings," a poem. Towards the end of 1792, as a dep. of the London Constitutional Society, he pre sented an address to the French Convention, by whom he was invested with the rights of a French citizen, and given employment in Sa voy, where he wrote his mock-heroic poem, " Hasty Pudding." U. S. consul at Algiers in 1795-7, and negotiated treaties with Algiers and Tripoli. In 1799, he pub. his "Letter to the People of the U. S.," and endeavored to bring about an adjustment of our difficulties with France, and, in a memoir to the French Govt., denounced privateering as mere sea-rob bery. Having enriched himself by commer cial speculations in France, he returned to the U. S. in 1805, and built himself an elegant res idence on the Potomac, near Washington. In 63 1807, he pub. "The Columbiad," an epic po em, the most magnificent work which had yet been issued in America, and superbly illus trated ; but it proved a failure. App. ambassa dor to France in 1811, in Oct. 1812, he was invited by the French minister to a conference with Napoleon at VVilna, but died before his arrival there. A eulogy was delivered in Paris by Dupont de Nemours, before the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry; and an account of his life and writings, in quarto, was pub., with extracts from " The Colum biad." He was one of the foremost American authors of his time, and for his patriotism, public services, and purity of life, deserves a high place in our history. An edition of his political writings was pub. 1796. Barnard, DANIEL DEWEY, LL.D., law yer and politician, b. Sheffield, Ms., 1797; d. Albany, Apr. 24, 1861. Wms. Coll. 1818. His father, a native of Hartford, was a commissary in the Revol. Daniel passed his youth on his father s farm, Ontario Co., N.Y., but, inclining to literary pursuits, was, at 14, dep. in the coun ty clerk s office. After leaving coll., he studied law at Rochester, N.Y. ; was adm. to the bar in 1821 ; was county attorney in 1826; M. C. 1828-30 and 1839-45. Travelled in Europe in 1830-1, corresp. with one of the Rochester journals, removed to Albany in 1832, and be came a prominent member of the Whig party, serving in the N. Y. Assembly. U. S. minis ter to Prussia, 1849-53. Many of his addresses, discourses, and speeches, have been pub. In 1839, he read before the Albany Institute "An Historical Sketch of the Colony of Rensselaer- wick," which was pub. He was a constant contrib. to the Whig Review. The colleges of Geneva and New York conferred on him the degree of LL.D. Barnard, FRED. AUG. PORTER, D.D., LL.D. (Jeff. Coll. Mpi.), scholar and educator, b. Sheffield, Ms., 1809. Y. C. 1828. Tutor at Yale in 1829 ; teacher in the Hartford Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb in 1831-3, and in a similar institution in N.Y. in 1833-8; prof, of math, and nat. philos. in Ala. U. 1838-48; of chemistry, 1848-54; of math, and astron. from 1854 ; and pres. of the Mpi. U. 1856-61 ; and, in 1864, became pres. of Col. Coll. N.Y. In 1856, he took orders in the Pr.-Ep. Church. Au thor of a treatise on arithmetic, 1830 ; a gram mar, 1834; "Report on Collegiate Education," 1854; and "Lectures on College Government," 1855. A contrib. to the Amer. Jour, of Edu cation from its origin. Barnard, HENRY, LL.D. (H.U. 1852), ed ucate- b. Hartford, Ct., Jan. 24, 1811. Y. C. 1830. He was adm. to the bar in 1835 ; trav elled extensively in Europe until 1837, when he was a representative in the State legisl., and was twice re-elected. In that body, he effected a re-organization of the State common-school system. He was for four years sec. of the Board of School Commissioners. His first annual report in 1839 was pronounced by Chancellor Kent " a bold and startling document, founded on the most painstaking and critical inquiry." During this period, he issued 4 vols. of the Connecticut Common School Journal, and subse quently continued it from 1850 to 1855. From 1843 to 1849, he had charge of tl * public schools of R. I., where he established a modeJ system of popular education. He next inter ested himself in school architecture, and, from 1850 to 1854, was State superintendent. In the summer of 1855, he began the American Jour nal of Education. He became pres. of the Amer. Asso. for the Advancement of Education, in 1855, and was offered the presidency of two State universities. Commissioner of the new department of education at Washington, 1867-70. His principal works are "School Architecture," 1854; "Normal Schorls in the U. S. and Europe," 1851 ; " Tribute to Gal- laudet," 1852; "National Education in Eu rope," 1854; "Journal of R. I. Institute of Instruction," 3 vols. 1845-8; "Educational Biography;" "History of Education in Ct., 1638-1854;" "Report on Public Schools in R. I.," 1845 and 1848; "Hints and Methods for the Use of Teachers," 1857; "Life of Ezekiel Cheever, and Notes on the Free Schools of N. E.," 1856; "Education in Factories," 1842; "School Libraries," 1854; "Educa tional Tracts," 1842-6. Barnard, ISAAC D., soldier and senator, b. Aston, Pa., 1791 ; d. Westchester, Pa., Feb. 28, 1834. Receiving an ordinary education, he began to study law in Chester in 1811 ; was app. capt. 14th Inf. Mar. 12, 1812; rnaj. June 26, 1813; was disting. at Lyons Creek, under Gen. Bissell, and at the capture of Fort George, in May, 1813; and left the army in 1815. Re suming his legal studies, he was adm. to the bar in 1816, in Westchester; was soon made dep. atty.-gen. ; chosen State senator in 1820; sec. of State in 1826 ; and was U. S. senator in 1827-31. Barnard, JOHN, minister of Marblehead, b. Boston, Nov. 6, 1681 ; d. Jan. 24, 1770. H. U. 1700. He was for some time assist, to Dr. Colman ; but his fondness for active life in duced him to accompany as chaplain theexped. to Port Royal in 1707, of which he left a MS. account. In London, where he became ac quainted with some of the famous dissenting ministers, he was offered a chaplaincy by Lord Wharton, but refused to conform to the articles of the National Church. Ord. minister of Marblehead, July 18, 1716, as colleague of Mr. Cheever. He received Mr. Whitwell as his assist, in 1762, and preached his last sermon, Jan. 8, 1769. Eminent for his learning and piety, Mr. Barnard was famous among the divines of America. He taught his people to improve the advantages of their situation, and took great pains to learn the "mystery of the fish-trade," which was introduced there by his ef forts; and he also successfully encouraged them to undertake commercial voyages, and transport their fish to the West Indies and Europe. He generally supported at school two boys, whose parents were unable to meet the expense, and gave by his will 200 to Harvard Coll. The pubs, of Mr. Barnard were mostly sermons. His was the first Dudleian lecture ever pub., and, at the age of 70, he pub. a version of the Psalms. There is in the Mass. Hist. Colls, a letter from him to Pres. Stiles, giving a sketch of the emi nent ministers of N. E. One of the first N.E clergymen who deviated from Calvinism. 64 Barnard, JOHN GROSS, LL.D. (Y. C. 1864.) Brev. maj.-gcn. U.S.A., b. Essex Co., Ms., 19 May, 1815. West Point, 1833. En tering the engineer corps, he became capt. 7 July, 1838; maj. 13 Dec. 1858; lieut.-col. 3 Mar. 1863 ; col. 28 Dec. 1865 ; brig.-gen. vols. 23 Sept. 1861. He was long employed upon Forts Jackson and St. Philip, La. ; upon the defences of Tampico, Mex., 1846-7; chief- engineer to survey the projected Tehuantepec Railroad, Mex., 1850-1 ; employed on the Delaware Breakwater, 1852-3, in the fortifica tion of San Francisco harbor, 1854 ; superint. and instructor, U.S. Milit. Acad., 1855-6; em ployed on Forts Gaines and Morgan, Mobile. 1857-8, and on the defences of N.Y. harbor, 1853-61. Chief engineer in Manassas cam paign of July, 1861 ; of Army of the Potomac, 1861-2, and "brev. col. for services in the Pe ninsular campaign ; chief engr. defences of Washington, Sept. 1862 to May, 1864 ; chief- engr. " of the armies in the field " on staff of Gen. Grant, 1864-5 ; and brev. brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for gal lant and meritorious services in the campaign ending with Lee s surrender, and during the Rebellion. Author of " Survey of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec," 1852; "Phenomena of the Gyroscope," 1858; "Dangers and Defences of" New York," 1859; "Notes on Sencoast Defence/ 1862; " The C.S.A. and the Battle of Bull Run," 1862 ; " The Peninsular Cam paign," 1864 (jointly with Gen. W. F. Barry) ; " Reports of the Engineer and Artillery Ope rations of the Army of the Potomac," 1863 ; " Eulogy on Gen. Totten," 1866 ; and various scientific and military memoirs and reports. Corporator of Nat. Acad. of Sciences, 3 Mar. 1863. Outturn. Barnes, REV. ALBERT, Presb. clergyman, b. Rome, N.Y., Dec. 1, 1798; d. Phila., 24 Dec. 1870. Ham. Coll. 1820. Employed in his father s tannery until 17 years of age. He studied theology at Princeton, and was pastor of the Presb. Church of Morristown, N.J., from Feb. 1825 to 1830, after which he had charge of the First Presb. Church of Phila. He held a prominent position in the new school of his denomination, and took an early and decided stand both in his sermons and writings against slavery. His Bible commentaries are well known, and are in general use. The " Notes on the New Testament" (11 vols.) had reached in 1870 a circulation of a million vols. He also pub. able works on the Episcopacy, on the " Scriptural Views of Slavery," numerous contribs. to periodicals, occasional essays and discourses, and an elaborate " Introductory Essay to Bishop Butler s Analogy." He was an impressive pulpit orator, and ranked high as a divine. Also author of commentaries on Job, Isaiah, the Psalms, and Daniel, "Manual of Prayers," 1854; " Sermons on Revivals," " The Way of Salvation," 1 855 ; " Practical Sermons,"" 1855 ; " The Church and Slavery," 1857; "Prayers for Family Worship," 1858 ; " Miscellaneous Essays and Reviews," 2 vols. 1855; "The Atonement," 1859; "Claims of Episcopacy," 1856; "Church Manual," 8vo, 1841 ; " Defence " on his trial for heresy by the Phila. Synod," and "Life of St. Paul." Barnes, DANIEL H.,conchologist, b. 1785; d. Oct. 27, 1818, by being thrown from a car riage. In conjunction with Dr. Griscom, he originated and conducted with reputation the High school of New York. He was also a Baptist preacher. Besides his great attain ments as a classical scholar and philologist, he was probably the most eminent conchologist in the U. S.; and his learned communications on that science were pub. in S lilt man s Journal with explanatory plates. His writings in that journal arc " Geological Section of the Canaan Mountain," " Memoir on the Geneva Unioand Alasmodonta, with numerous figures," "Five Species of Chiton, with Figures," " Memoir on Batrachian Animals and Doubtful Reptiles," " On Magnetic Polarity and Reclamation of Unios." Barnes, JAMES, brev. maj.-gen. vols., b. Boston; d. Springfield, Ms., Feb. 12, 1869. West Point, 1829. After seven years armv- service, he resigned, and became a railroad en gineer and superintendent on the Western R. R. of Ms., 1836-48, and chief engineer of the Seaboard and Roanoke R.R., 1848-52. He aided in constructing several other railroads between 1848 and 1857. Col. 18th Ms. regt. from July 26, 1861, to Nov. 29, 1862, when he was made brig.-gen. ; brev. maj.-gen. Mar. 13, 1865; mustered out, Jan. 15, 1866. He participated in most of the battles of the Army of the Potomac, was at Fredericksburg, Chan- cellorsville, the skirmishes of Aldie andUppcr- ville, and at the battle of Gettysburg com. a division, and was severely wounded. Barney, JOSIIUA, commodore U. S. Navy, b. Baltimore, 6 July, 1759 ; d. Pittsburg, Pa., 1 Dec. 1818. His parents resided on a farm near Baltimore, where he was sent to school until 10 years of age. Inclined to a seafaring life, he made several foreign voyages, in the last of which, when but 16 years of age, the care of the ship devolved, by accident, upon him. In Oct. 1775, he became master s mate of the sloop of war " Hornet," and joined the fleet of Com Hopkins in the capture of New Providence. Before he was 17, he was made a lieut. for good conduct in the action between the schooner " Wasp " and the British brig " Tender," in Del. Bay. Lieut, of " The Sachem," Capt. Isaiah Robinson, and, after a severe action with an English brig, brought her into port ; soon afterward he was taken prisoner, but was almost immediately ex changed, and in " The Andrea Doria," aided, in the spring of 1777, in the defence of "The Delaware." Again captured in the frigate " Virginia," he was exchanged in Aug. 1778 ; was a third time a prisoner in the following year, and, after his exchange, was for the fourth time captured in " The Saratoga," of 16 guns; was sent to Plymouth, and confined in the Mill Prison, whence he escaped in May, 1781. After being retaken, and again escap ing, he arrived in Phila. in Mar. 1782; took command of " The Hydcr Ally" of 16 guns, in which he captured, after a gallant light, the ship " General Monk " of superior force, for which the legisl. of Pa. voted him a sword. After the war, he engaged in business ; travel led in the West in 1786-8, and took part in the 65 adoption of the U. S. Constitution. In 1792, while returning from Cape Francois with a large number of women and children, whom he had rescued from the blacks, his vessel was captured by an English privateer ; but he re captured her from her prize-crew. Again cap tured in 1793 by an English brig, he was im prisoned as a pirate, and his ship and cargo condemned. In 1794, he accompanied Monroe to France, and was the bearer of the Amer. flag to the National Convention. Made a capt. in the French navy, he com. a squad ron, but resigned in 1799. In the War of 1812, he engaged successfully in privateering; was made a capt. in the U. S. Navy, 25 Apr. 1814, and com. the flotilla for the defence of the Chesapeake. Ordered to the defence of Washington in July, he was severely wounded and made prisoner, while gallantly resisting the British invaders at the battle of Bladensburg, 24 Aug. 1814. A sword was voted him by the city of Washington, and a vote of thanks by the legisl. of Ga. He was sent on a mission to Europe in May, 1815, but returned in Oct., suffering from his wound ; the ball never hav ing been extracted. His death took place just as he was about emigrating with his family to Ky., where he had purchased land. He was in 26 engagements. In 1780, he m. the dan, of Alderman Bedford. His son John, M.C. from Baltimore, 1825-7; d. Washington, B.C., 26 Jan. 1857, a. 72. See Memoirs of Com. Barney, by Man/ Barney, 8vo, 1832. Barnum, FHINBAS TAYLOR, showman, b. Bethel, Ct., 5 July, 1810. He was a trader, afterward pub. the Herald of Freedom in Dan- bury, Ct., and suffered 60 days imprisonment for a libel. Removing to N. Y. in 1834, he be gan his career of showman in 1835, with Joice Heth, a colored woman, the reputed nurse of Washington. In Dec. 1841, without owning a dollar, he bought Scudder s Amer. Museum, and, at the end of one year, had paid for it in full. In 1842, he began to exhibit Gen. Tom Thumb, with whom he visited Europe in 1844-7. In 1849, he engaged Jenny Lind to come to America, paying her $1,000 per night for 150 nights. In 1855, he retired to Bridge port, Ct., and pub. an account of his career. He soon lost all he had made, and was obliged to compound with his creditors in 1857. 13 July, 1865, his museum was burnt. He opened another, which was also destroyed by fire, and has since been interested in Wood s Mu seum on Broadway. An unsuccessful candi date for Congress in 1857. He has pub. a " History of Humbugs," and has written and lectured on agriculture and temperance. Barnwell, ROBERT WOODWARD, states man, b. Beaufort, S.C., Aug. 10, 1801. H. U. 1821. He studied law ; was M.C. in 1829-33 ; pres. of S. C. Coll. 1835-41 ; U.S. senator, 1850. In Dec. 1860, he was a commissioner to visit Washington in behalf of S.C., and was a member of the Confed. Congress. Pres. of the U. of S.C. Barras DE (deh-ba-ra ), Louis COUNT, a French naval officer, b. Provence ; d. ab. 1800. During the War of Amer. Independence, he exhibited qualities much more rare than ex perience or courage. The superior of De 6 Grasse, and free to act as chief in the northern waters of the U.S., he did not hesitate to plact himself under the orders of that admiral when he thought a junction necessary to the good of the service. Barras had at first followed D Estaing, and disting. himself at the naval combat of Grenada. He fought under De Grasse in Chesapeake Bay, and at the Antilles, also, on the 25th and 26th Jan. 1782, against Hood, whose fleet was moored under the guns of St. Christopher, which was taken by Bouille. Barras was detached to possess himself of Nevis and Montserrat, soon after which he re turned to Europe, and retired from the service. Barre DE LA (deh la bar), ANTOINE LE FEVRE, a French naval officer ; d. May 4, 1688. He was app. gov. of Guiana in 1663, and re took Cayenne from the Dutch, 1667. Lieut.- gen. in 1667, he defeated the English in the Antilles, forcing them to raise the blockade of St. Christopher. In 1682, he was app. gov. of Canada, succeeding Frontenac. He was, however, recalled in 1685, for having, by his irresolution, caused the failure of the exped. to treat with the savages. He was the enemy of La Salle, and is said to have enriched himself by his corrupt practices. Barr6, COL. ISAAC, a British orator and soldier, b. Dublin, 1726 ; d. London, July 20, 1802. His parents, who were French, kept a small grocery-store in Dublin. Isaac entered the army in 1747 ; became alieut Oct. 1, 1755 ; accompanied the exped. against Louisburg ; was app. by Wolfe, " his early protector and friend," major of brigade, May 12, 1758; and May 4, 1759, adj.-gen. of the army before Que bec. In the battle on the Plains of Abraham, he was so severely wounded as to lose the sight of an eye. In West s picture of the " Death of Wolfe," Barre s figure is conspicuous. He served under Amherst in 1760, and bore to England the news of the surrender of Mon treal ; promoted to lieut.-col. Jan. 19, 1761. Placed in parliament through the interest of Lord Shelburne in 1761, Barre soon found himself in the opposition, and, in consequence, was deprived of the offices given for his services in America. His speech upon the Stamp Act in 1765 deserves a place in the memory of every American. Throughout the administra tion of Lord North, Col. Barre continued the warm friend of the American Colonies ; disting. himself greatly by the boldness of his senti ments, and his inflexible opposition to the American war. He was blind during the last 20 years of his life. For 15 years, he held a lucrative office. He was one of the supposed authors of Junius s Letters. A town in Ms. perpetuates his memory. His oratory wag powerful, but coarse, his manners rugged, his countenance stern, and his stature athletic. Barringer, DANIEL MOREAU, statesman b. Cabarrus Co., N.C., ab. 1807. U. of N.C 1 826. He established himself in the practice of law in 1829, became distinguished in his profession ; was several years in the State legisl. ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1835; M.C. 1843-9; minister to Spain in 1849-53 ; afterward travelled in Europe, and, on his return, served in the State legisl. until 1855, when he devoted himself to literary pursuits He wa* a delegate to the Peace Congress of 1 SGI ; il. White Sulph. Springs, Va., Sep. 1, 1873. Barritt, FRANCES FULLER, poet, b. Rome, N.Y., May, 1826. In 1830, her parents re moved to Northern Pa., and, in 1839, to Wors- ter, O. She early became a contrib. to the leading belle-lettres journals of the country. In 1851 appeared a vol. of her poems edited by Rufus W. Griswold, of great merit, containing, among other pieces, " Azlea, a Tragedy." In 1853, she m. Jackson Barritt of Pontiac, Mich. After a few years residence west of the Missouri, she took up her residence in N.Y. City. A younger sister, METTA VICTORIA (sec Victor), is also a poetess. Poets and Poetry of the West. Barren, JAMES, commodore U. S. N., b, in Va., 1768; d. Norfolk, Apr. 21, 1851. He commenced his naval career under his father, James, who d. in 1787, and who held the rank of commodore of the Va. navy during the Revol. war, and was also a member of the Va. Board of War. His bro. Richard was a capt. during the whole war. The vessels com. by the Barrens were " The Liberty " and " The Pa triot." The former was engaged in 20 actions, and was very successful. On the formation of the U S. navy, Mar. 9, 1798, he was made iieut., and served under Commo. Barry in the brief war with France. Made capt. May 22, 1799, and ordered to the Mediterranean under the command of his elder brother, Commo. Samuel Barren, and was esteemed one of the most accomplished and efficient officers, and one of the best disciplinarians, in the service. He served actively afloat until 1807, in which year he com. the frigate " Chesapeake" at the time of her unfortunate encounter with the British frigate " Leopard." Barren was tried by a court-martial, and suspended for five years. In 1820, a corresp., which grew out of this af fair, led to a duel with Decatur, Mar. 22, 1820, in which the latter was killed, while Barren was severely wounded. Barren, SAMUEL, commo. U. S. N., bro. of James, b. Hampton, Va., Sept. 25, 1765; d. there Oct. 29, 1810. He was disting. for gal lantry in the Revol. navy of Va., in which his father, his uncle, and his brother, also partici pated. In 1798, he com. the brig "Augusta," fitted out by the citizens of Norfolk against the French. Made capt. U. S. navy, Sept. 13, 1798, he left the merchant-service; was con spicuous in the Tripolitan war; and in 1805 com. a squadron of 10 vessels. He co-operated with Gen. Eaton in the capture of the town of Derne, on the Tripolitan coast, Apr. 27, 1805, but, in consequence of extreme ill health, soon after returned to the U. S. Barren, SAMUEL, admiral in the Confed erate navy, b. Va. Midshipm. U. S. N. 1 Jan. 1812 ; Iieut. 3 Mar. 1827 ; com. 15 July, 1847 ; capt. 1855. He com. "The Wabash," the flag ship of Commo. Lavalette in the Mediterrane an, in 1859. Made . $ft* in the Confed. navy in 1861, and put ;: \ e of the naval de fences of N. C. an h the rank of flag- officer; took charge oi the""defence of Forts Clark and Hatteras during the attack by Flag- officer Stringham and Gen. Butler, 27 Aug. 1861, and, after their surrender, was a prisoner in New York until exchanged in 1862. Barrow, GEN. WASHINGTON, minister to Lisbon, 1841-3; M. C. 1847-9; b. Tenn. ab. 1817; d. St. Louis, 19 Oct. 1866. He was a lawyer ; some years editor of the Nashville Banner, and a leader of the old Whig party ; State senator in 1861, and for a time impris oned by the federal authorities during the civil war. Barrundia, JOSE FRANCISCO, statesman of Honduras, b. 1779 ; d. N. Y. City, Aug. 4, 1854. He was the first to raise the standard of re vol. against the Spanish Govt. Member of the first republican assembly, Apr. 10, 1824, he introduced and carried a decree for the abo lition of slavery, and devoted himself to the cause of social and civil reform. Pres. of the republic in 1829, he served with wisdom and moderation, and organized a general system of public instruction. Minister to the U. S. in 1854, he purposed the annexation of Honduras to the U. S., but died soon after his arrival. Barry, JOHN, first commodore in the U. S. navy, b. Tacumshane, Wexford Co., Ireland, 1745; d. Phila., Sept. 13,1803. He went to sea very young ; came to Phila. at the age of 15 ; soon rose to the com. of a ship, and accu mulated wealth. When the war commenced, he offered his services to Congress, "abandon ing," to use his own language, " the finest ship and the first employ in America." In Feb. 1776, he was app. to com. "The Lexington," 14, in which, after a sharp action, he took " The Edward," tender, the first war-vessel captured by a regular Amer. cruiser in action. He was then transferred to "The Effinghara," frigate, which being useless during the suspen sion of navigation the following winter, he ob tained the com. of a company of vols., and with some heavy cannon assisted in the opera tions at Trenton, continuing with the army, and performing important services, during the winter campaign. At the head of 4 boats, he carried an enemy s man-of-war schooner in gallant style, without the loss of a man ; for which he was publicly thanked by Washington. He was for a short time aide-de-camp to Gen. Cadwalader. When the British obtained pos session of Phila., he took " The Effingham " up the Delaware, with the hope of saving her ; but she was subsequently burned by the enemy. An offer was made him, by Gen. Howe, of 15,- 000 guineas if he would bring in the ship. It was rejected with scorn. In Sept. 1778, he took com. of " The Raleigh," 32, which a British squadron compelled him to run on shore at Fox s Island in Penobscot Bay. In Feb. 1781, he sailed in " The Alliance " with Col. Laurens, ambassador to France, and cruised successfully until autumn. May 29, he captured, after a severe contest, two British ves sels, " The Atlanta " and " Trepasa." Return ing in Oct. 1781, " The Alliance" was refitted, and after carrying Lafayette and Noailles to France, cruised in the VVest Indies, with suc cess, until Mar. 1782. After the foundation of the present navy, June 6, 1794, Barry was named as the senior officer, in which station he died. He superintended the building of the frigate " United States," and was assigned to her command. He was a man of deep religion? feeling, and strict honor. 67 Barry, JOHX, D.D., R. C. bishop of Sa vannah, consecrated Aug. 2, 1857 ; d. Nov. 21,. 1859. Barry, JOHN S., gov. Michigan, 1842-6 and 1850-2, b. Vt. 1802 ; d. Constantino, Mich., Jan. 15, 1870. Educated at the public schools of Vt. ; studied law, but in 1832 went to Con- stantine, and engaged in mercantile business. Member of the first Const. Conv. of Mich., in which he took a leading part, and was chosen State senator in 1836, and again in 1840. Mem ber of the Chicago Democ. Conv. of 1864. Barry, WILLIAM FARQDHAR, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. City, Aug. 18, 1818. West Point, 1838. Entering the 4th Artillery, and stationed on the northern frontier during the troubles in Canada, he served part of the time on an armed schooner on the Lakes, and also as capt. of a guard at Lewiston. In 1838, he assisted Maj. Ringgold in organizing the first battery of light artillery introduced into the U.S. army ; was ordered to R.I., during the Dorr rebellion ; became 1st lieut. 1842; served throughout the Mexican war; was assist, adj.-gen. of Patterson s division, 1847; aide-de-camp to Gen. Worth, 1848; capt. in 1852, and served 2 years against the Seminole Indians. In 1857, he served against the Sioux and Chippewas in Minnesota. In April, 1861, he re-enforced Fort Pickenswith a company of flying artillery. Maj. 5th Artil lery, May 14, 1861. Ordered to Washington in July, he joined Gen. McDowell, participated in the battle of Bull Run, and, July 23, was ordered to re-organize the field artillery of the army. Brig.-gen. vols., Aug. 20, 1861, and assigned to the staff of Gen. McClellan, as chief of artillery of the Army of the Potomac, taking part in the peninsular campaign. Lieut.- col. 1st Art., Aug. 1, 1863 ; col. 2d Art., Dec. 11, 1865 ; chief of Art. on staff of Gen. Sher man, 1864-6; brev.-col. U.S.A., and maj.-gen. vols. for campaign of Atlanta, 1 Sept. 1864; brev. brig.-gen. U. S. A., 13 Mar. 1865, for services in the campaign ending in the sur render of Johnston s army ; and brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., for merit, services during the Rebellion. Author (with Gen. Barnard) of "Reports of Engr.. and Art. Operations of the Army of Potomac to the Close of the Peninsular Cam paign," 1863. Cuttum. Barry, WILLIAM TAYLOR, statesman, b. Lunenburg, Va., Feb. 5, 1784; d. Liverpool, Eng., Aug. 30, 1835. William and Mary Coll. 1803. He moved to Ky. at the age of 11 ; and, being adm. to the bar, his gift of popular eloquence soon established his fame. He served in both branches of the Ky. legisl.; was M.C. in 1810-11 ; U.S. senator, 1814-16; judge of the Supreme Court of Ky. ; succes sively lieut.-gov., sec. of State, and chief- justice of Ky. Postmaster-gen. 1828-35 ; min ister to Spain in 1835; died on his way to Madrid. He acted as sec. and aide to Gov. Shelby in the battle of the Thames, and was the first U. S. postmaster-gen, admitted to the cabinet. Barry, WILLIAM TAYLOR SULLIVAN, lawyer, b. Columbus, Mpi., Dec. 12, 1821 ; d. there Jan. 29, 1868. Y. C. 1841. He took a plantation in Oktibbcha Co. ; practised law in Columbus 2 or 3 years ; was a member of the legisl. in 1849 and 1851 ; afterward removed to Sunflower Co.; M.C. 1853-5; again practised law in Columbus; was speaker of the legisl. in 1855 ; seceded from the Charleston Conven tion in 1860; and in 1861 was pres. of the secession convention of Mpi., and member of the Provisional Congress. He entered the military service of the Confederacy in June, raised and com. the 35th Mpi. Regt. in the spring of 1862, and until captured at Mobile, in Apr. 1865; afterward practised law in Co lumbus. Y. C. Obit. Record, p. 320. BarstOW, COL. WILLIAM A., gov. Wis., 1854-6; d. Leavenworth, Kan., 14 Oct. 1865, a. 54. He raised the 3d Wis. Cavalry in 1861, with which he served in the south-west with credit until his health gave way. Barthe, J- G.. Canadian journalist. Left the College of Nicolet in 1832. Studied medicine, and, after a short imprisonment on suspicion of having written an ode to Papineau and the exiles, established himself in 1838 as an advo cate in Montreal. He was 5 years editor of L Avenir des Canadas. M. P. for the county of Yamaska, 1841-4; clerk of appeals of Lower Canada, 4 years, and resided in Paris in 1853-6, where he pub. " Canada Reconquis par la France." Morgan. Bartholomew, EDWARD SHEFFIELD, sculptor, b. Colchester, Ct., 1822; d. Naples, May 2, 1858. Becoming a resident of Hart ford, he learned dentistry, then pursued paint ing, and afterward sculpture, in which he be came disting. From 1845 to 1848, he had charge of the Wadsworth Gallery in Hartford, then came to New York, and about 1850 went to Italy. Among his most celebrated finished works, are Paradise Lost, Shepherd Boy, Sappho, Youth and Old Age, Monument to Charles Carroll (greatly admired), Belisarius at the Porta Pincinia, a group representing Gany mede and the Eagle of Jupiter, and Eve after the Fall. Bartlett, ELISHA, M.D. (B. U. 1826), physician and writer, b. Smithfield, R.I., Oct. 6, 1804; d. Providence, July 19, 1855. After passing a year in Europe, on his return in 1827, he commenced practice at Lowell, and, in 1836, became first mayor of the new city. He delivered courses of lectures at Pitts- field in 1832, and at Dartm. Coll. in 1839 ; took charge of the medical department of the Transyl. U., Lexington, Ky. in 1841, and again, in the autumn of 1846, after a second visit to Europe ; that of the U. of Maryland in 1844; that of the Med. Institute of Louisville in 1849 ; and in 1850, that of the U. of N.Y., which position he relinquished in 1852 to occupy that of Materia of Medica and Medical Jurisprudence in the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons of that city, in which he continued until his death. Duri the spring and sum mer months from 1 " . <r 1850 inclusive, he occupied himself in the Vt. Med. Coll. at Woodst.^... -io principal works are, " The Fevers in the U. S.," 1842; " An Es say on the Philosophy of Medical Science," 1844 ; " An Inquiry into the Dignity and Cer tainty in Medicine," 1848 ; " A Discourse on the Life and Labors of Dr. Wells, the Discoverer of 68 the Philosophy of Dew," 1849 ; " A Discourse on the Times, Character, and Works of Hip pocrates/ 1852 ; and poems, entitled " Simple Settings in Verse for Portraits and Pictures from Mr. Dickens s Gallery," 1855. He edited a while the Monthly Journal of Med. Lit., at Low ell, afterward merged into the Med. Magazine. See Memoir, by S. PI. Dickson, in Gross s Med. Biog, Bartlett, ICHABOD, lawyer, b. Salisbury, N. H., July 24, 1786; d. Portsmouth, Oct. 19, 1853. Dartm. Coll. 1808. Adm. to the bar in 1812. After practising a short time at Dur ham, he removed to Portsmouth, where he re sided till his death. He held high rank among his disting. competitors at the N.H. bar, in cluding Webster and Mason. He was 7 years in the State legisl. ; was clerk of the State senate in 1817-18 ; solicitor for the county of Rockingham in 1819 ; speaker of the house in 1821; and M. C. in 1823-29; member of the State Const. Conv. of 1850. Bartlett, JOHN RUSSELL, author, b. Prov idence, R.I., Oct. 23, 1805 ; was early placed in a banking-house, and was for six years cashier of the Globe Bank, Providence. While there, he was one of the projectors of the Ath- enaaum, and an active member of the Franklin Society for the Cultivation of Science, before which he occasionally lectured. In 1837, he engaged in business in N. Y., but was unsuc cessful. He then established a foreign book store ; was an active manager of the N. Y. Hist. Society, and a projector of the Ethnolo gical Society. In 1850, he was app. by Pres. Taylor commissioner to fix the boundary-line between the U. S. and Mexico, under the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which occupied him until Jan. 7, 1853. He pub. in 1854 a person al narrative of explorations and incidents in the countries which he had visited ; having previously published, in 1847, a small work on the Progress of Ethnology, and, in 1848, a Dictionary of Americanisms. He became sec. of State of R. I., May 1, 1855, and still holds that office, having arranged, edited, and pub. the records of the colony (10 vols 1636-1790); acting gov. 1861-2. Mr. B. has also pub. " Bibliography of R. I." 1864 ; " A History of the Destruction of H. B. M. Schooner, Gaspee" 1862 ; " Index to the Acts and Resolves of the General Assembly of R.I.," 1758-1862 ; " Bib- liotheca Americana," 1493-1800, 4 vols., 8vo, 1865-70; "Literature of the Rebellion," N.Y., 8vo, 1866; "Reminiscences of Albert Galla- tin,"N. Y., 1849; "Memoirs of R. I. Officers in Service during the Rebellion/ 4to, 1867; "Primeval Man," 1868; "Naval Hist, of R.I.," contrib. to the Hist. Mag. He has two sons in the U. S. service, JOHN R., lieut. com. U. S. N., and HKNRY A., capt. U. S. marine corps. Bartlett, JOHN SHERREN, M.D., jour nalist, b. Dorsetshire, Eng., 1790; d. N. J., Aug. 24, 1863. He was educated a physician in London ; app., on recommendation of Sir Astley Cooper, surgeon in the royal navy in 1812; was taken in the packet " Swallow/ by an Amer. frigate, and remained a prisoner in Boston until 1813. He m. at Boston, and es tablished himself there as a physician. The Albion, was commenced by him in New York, June 22, 1822, as an English conservative organ ; and it gained a large and profitable cir culation. He afterwards established two other papers, also the European at Liverpool. He withdrew from the Albion in 1848. In 1855, he issued the Anglo-Saxon, a weekly paper at Boston. In 1857, he was British consul at Baltimore. Bartlett, JOSEPH, wit, poet, and adventur er, b. Plymouth, Ms., 1Q June, 1762 ; d. Bos ton, 20 Oct., 1827. H. U. 1782. Visiting Eng., he pursued a checkered and adventurous career, gambled, got into prison, wrote a plav for his release, and went upon the stage himself. Procuring a large stock of goods on credit, he was shipwi-ecked on Cape Cod, and, failing in business in Boston, studied law. Capt. of vols. in Shays insurrection, then opened a law- office in Woburn, painting it black, and call ing it " the coffin" to attract notice. Remov ing to Cambridge, he busied himself with the affairs of the town and of the college. Af terwards a lawyer and politician in Me., and member of the legisl. While in Saco, in 1805, he edited the Freeman s Friend, and, July 4, delivered an oration at Biddeford. He finally closed his improvident life in Boston. In 1799, he delivered a satirical poem on Physiognomy, before the Phi Beta Kappa Society. The edi tion of 1823, included aphorisms on men, principles, and things. His poem, " The Vicar of Bray," was quite celebrated. He delivered the 4th of July oration at Boston, in 1799. Bartlett, JOSIAH, M. D., signer of the Declaration of Independence, b. Amesbury, Ms., Nov. 21, 1729; d. May 19, 1795. With a common-school education, and such knowl edge of medical science as he could acquire from study with a practitioner of his native town, he commenced practice at Kingston, N.H., in 1750, and soon became eminent. Dur ing the prevalence of a fatal throat- disease among children, in 1754, he introduced the use of Peruvian bark with success. In 1765, and annually until the Revol., Dr. Bartlett was chosen to the legisl.; in 1770 was app. lieut. -col. 7th regt. of militia, but was deprived of his commission in Feb. 1775, on account of the active part he took in the controversy with Great Britain ; he was a member of the com mittee of safety, upon whom devolved, for a time, the whole executive govt. of the State, and on the organization of govt. by a provin cial congress, of which he was a member, he was app. a justice of the peace, and col. of the 7th regt. Sept. 1775. A delegate to Con gress in 1775 and 1776, he was the first to give his vote for the Declaration of Independence, and its first signer after the President. In 1777, he accompanied Gen. Stark to Benning- ton, as agent of the State, to provide medicine and other necessaries to the N.H. troops. From April to Nov". 1778, he was again a del egate to Congress; was app. chief-justice of the Common Pleas in 1779, judge of the Supreme Court, 1782, and chief-justice in 1788. He was an active member of the convention called to adopt the Federal Constitution, in 1788. From 1790 to 1793, he was pres. of the State, and, under the new constitution, gov. in 1793; retiring from public business in 1794 on account 69 of infirm health. He was pros, of the N. H. med. soc., which he was chiefly instrumental in founding, and received an honorary degree of M.D., from Dartm. Coll. He was always a patron of learning, and a friend to learned men. His son JOSIAH, M.D., M. C. 1811-13, a phy sician of extensive practice, d. Stratham, N.H., Apr. 14, 1838, a. 70. Bartlett, WILLIAM, a benevolent mer chant, b. Newburyport, Jan. 31, 1748 ; d. there Feb. 8, 1841. Descended from one of the first settlers of that ancient town. Acquiring great wealth by mercantile enterprises, he em ployed it in assisting the needy, and especially to advance the cause of religion and morals. The temperance reformation, foreign missions, and the gratuitous education of young men for the ministty, were especial objects of his muni ficence. He gave $30,000 to found the Theol. Sem. at Andover; then liberally endowed a pro fessorship, and erected an expensive dwelling- house for the use of the incumbent. His bene factions to this institution were estimated, by those familiar with his affairs, to have reached the munificent sum of a quarter of a million dollars. He gave a large amount in the ag gregate to other worthy objects. Bartlett, WILLIAM H. C., LL.D. (Geneva Coll.), prof, of natural and experimental phi losophy at West Point, b. Lancaster Co., Pa., 1804. West Point, 1826. Assist. Prof. Eng rg. Mil. Acad., Aug. 1826 to Aug. 1829. Acting prof. nat. and exper. philos. Nov. 1834, and Prof, since Apr. 20, 1836. Author of "Elem. Treatise on Optics," 1839; "Elements of Mechanics," of " Nat. Philos./ 1850, "Acou stics and Optics," N. Y., 1852; "Analytical Mechanics, 1854; "Spherical Astronomy," 1855. Member of Philos. Soc. of Phila., and of Acad. Arts and Sciences, Boston. Bartlet, REV. WILLIAM STOODLEY, Prot.-Epis. clergyman, b. Newburyport, Ms., Apr. 8, 1809. Gen. Theol. Sem. 1839. A.M. of Trin. Coll., Hartford. Formerly rector of Immanuel Church, Little Falls, N.Y. ; of St. Andrew s, Providence, R.I. ; and of St. Luke s, Chelsea, Ms. Member of the Ms. Hist. Soc., and of the N.E. Hist, and Geneal. Soc. He pub. " The Frontier Missionary," a memoir of Rev. Jacob Bailey, 8vo, 1853 ; contrib. to the National Quarterly an article on vocal cul ture, in Mar. 1863; and in 1864 delivered at Lowell an oration at the tercentenary celeb, of the birth of Shakspeare, which was pub. Con trib. hist, papers to various periodicals, and to the " Memorial of Bishop Burgess." Bartley, MORDECAI, gov. of 0., 1844-6, b. Fayette Co., Pa., Dec. 16, 1783; d. Oct. 10, 1870. His grandparents emigrated in June, 1724, and settled in Loudon Co., Va. He at tended school during intervals of labor on his father s farm, removed to Ohio in 1809, and engaged in agriculture in Mansfield, Richland Co. Capt. and adj. under Harrison in the War of 1812. Was a State senator 1817-18 ; register of the land office, 1818-23; M. C. 1823-31. T. W. Bartley, was acting gov. in 1844. Memoir, by A. T. Goodman. Bartol, CYRUS AUGUSTUS, author and Cong, clergyman, b. Freeport, Me., Apr. 30, 1813. Bowd. Coll. 1832 ; Camb. Div. School, 1835. Settled as colleague pastor with Rev Charles Lowell, D.D., of the West Church, Boston, Mar. 1, 1837. His principal writings are "Pictures of Europe," 1855 ; " Discourses on the Christian Spirit and Life," 1850 ; " Dis- courses on the Christian Body and Form, 1 1854; and a history of the " West Church and its Ministers." His latest work is on ecclesiastical polity. He has also pub. many occasional and miscellaneous discourses and essays, besides numerous contribs. to the lead ing periodicals of the day, and several poetical compositions. Barton, BENJAMIN SMITH, M.D., natu ralist, b. Lancaster, Pa., 10 Feb. 1766 ; d. 19 Dec. 1815. Son of Rev. Thos. Barton by a sister of Rittenhouse the mathematician. While a student in Pa. Coll., he accompanied Ritten house and the other U. S. commissioners to settle the boundary line west of Pa. From 1786 to 1789, he was studying medicine at Edinburgh, London, and at Gottingen, where he took his degree of M.D. He then settled in Phila., where he soon acquired an extensive practice; was in 1789 app. prof, of nat. hist, and botany in the Coll. of Phila., and Apr. 1813, was appointed prof, of raateria medica. Besides papers contrib. to the Amer. Philos. Trans, and to the Jfedica! and Physical Journal, begun by him in 1804, he pub. "Observations on some parts of Natural History," Lond., 1787 ; "New Views of the Origin of the Tribes of America," 1797 ; " Elements of Botany," 1804, arid in 2 vols. 1812 ; an edition of Cul- len s Materia Medica ; " Eulogy on Dr. Priest ley ; " Discourse on the Principal Desiderata of Nat. Hist.," Phila., 1807 ; "Collections to wards a Materia Medica of the U. S.," 3d ed., 1810 See Biog. Sketch, by his nephew, W*P. C. Barton, M.D., and Thacher s Med. Biog. Barton, WILLIAM P. C., M.D. (U. of Pa. 1808), prof, of botany in the U. of Pa., nephew of B. S. Barton ; d. 1855. N.J. Coll. 1805. He pub. " Florae Philadelphia?," 4to, 1815-25; " Compendium "of the same, 2 vols., 1818; "Flora of North America," 3 vols., 4to, 1821-3 ; " Materia Medicaand Botany," 2 vols. " Medical Botany/ 2 vols., 8vo ; " Hints to Naval Officers cruising in the W. I.," 1830; "Plan for Marine Hospitals in the U.S." 1817; "Memoirs of B. S. Barton," "Disser tation on Nitrous-Oxide Gas." &c. 1808. Allibone. Barton, GEN. WILLIAM, Revol. officer, b. Providence, R.I., 1747 ; d. there Oct. 22, 1831. He held the rank of lieut.-col in the R.I. militia, when on the night of July 10, 1777, with a small party, he crossed Narragansett Bay, passed unobserved 3 British frigates, landed about half-way from Newport to Bristol Ferry, and captured the British Gen. Prescott. For this service, Congress honored him by the presen tation of a sword, a commission of col., and a grant of land in Vt. By the transfer of some of this land, he became entangled in the toils of the law, and was imprisoned for debt in Vt. many years, until liberated by Lafayette, who paid the claim against him in 1825. Col. Barton was wounded in the action at Bristol Ferry in Aug. 1778, and was disabled from further service during the war. Member of T) the convention which adopted the U. S. Con stitution. See Life of, by Mrs. C. M. Wil liams, 1839. Bartow, FRANCIS S., brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Ga. ; killed in battle of Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861. Bartram, JOHN, botanist, b. Derby, Chester Co., Pa., 23 Mar. 1699; d. 22 Sept. 1777. Left an orphan at the age of 13, he was self-taught, and became proficient in botany, medicine, and surgery. In the intervals of agricultural labor, by which he supported a large family, he made excursions to Fla. and to Canada, and at the age of 70 made a journey to East Fla. to explore its natural productions. He was also a skilful mechanic, and built the house in which he lived. In 1728, he founded un the banks of the Schuylkill, near Phila., the first botanic garden in America, and which still bears his name. The gardens of Europe are indebted to his contributions ; and some foreign scientific bodies bestowed their honors upon him, and pub. communications from him in their transactions. Until 1758, he was a member of the Society of Friends. He pub. in 1751 " Observations " on his travels to Lake Ontario, and "Description of East Florida, with a Journal," 1766. See Memorials of Bartram and Marshall, edited by Darlington, 1 849. Bartram, WILLIAM, naturalist, son of the preceding, b. Kingsissing, Pa., 9 Feb. 1 739 ; d. 22 July, 1823. He established himself in business in N.C. in 1761 ; studied natural history, and accompanied his father in his botanical explorations in E. Fia. ; resided some time on the River St. John, and returned home in 1771. In 1773-8, he explored the Floridas, Carolina, and Georgia, and transmitted to his employer, Dr. Fothergill, at London his valua ble collections. Elected in 1782 prof, of botany in the U. of Phila., he declined, on ac count of ill health. In 1786, he became a member of the Amer. Philos. Soc., and was admitted into other scientific bodies at home and abroad. In 1791, he pub. an account of his travels, including notices of the Creeks, Cherokees, and Choctaws. In 1789, he wrote a reply to a series of questions proposed to him on the condition of those Indians, lately printed in the Trans, of the Ethnological Society. He was the author of the most complete and ac curate table of American ornithology which had appeared previously to the work of Wilson ; and science owes to him its knowledge of many curious and beautiful plants peculiar to this continent. He also pub. " Memoirs of J. Bartram," " Anecdotes of a Crow," " Descrip tion of Certhia," and a work on the site of Bristol. Bascom, HENRY BIDLEMAN, D.D., LL.D., bishop of the M. E. Church South, b. Hancock, Delaware Co., N.Y., May 27, 1796; d. Louisville, Ky., Sept. 8, 1850. Enter ing the ministry in 1813, after filling various appointments in the Ohio, Tenn., and Ky. con ferences, he was elected chaplain to Congress. Pres. of Madison Coll., Pa., in 1827 ; he then became agent of the Colonization Society. I rom 1832 to 1842, he was prof, of moral science and belles-lettres in Augusta Coll., Ky., and \vas subsequently pres. of Transylvania U., Ky. He declined the presidency of La Coll. and of the Mo. U. tendered him in 1839 In the general conference in 1844, when the separation between the Methodist churches North and South took place, he drew up the protest of the Southern members against the action of the conference upon slaveholding, and in 1845 was member of the convention at Louisville which organized the Church South, and author of its report. In 1846, he became editor of the Southern Methodist Quarterly Review. He was chairman of the commis sioners of the Church South to settle the con troversy between the two divisions of the Church. In 1849, he was elected bishop, ord. May, 1850. He pub. a vol. of " Sermons," 1850, " Lectures on Infidelity," " Lectures and Essays on Moral Science," and sermons and sketches. His life was written by Rev. Dr. Henkle; and his "Posthumous Works," edited by Rev. T. N. Ralston, appeared in Nashville, 2 vols., 8vo, in 1855. D.D. of Wesl. U. 1838. LL.D. of La Grange Coll. 1845. Basilio de Gamaroa-see -le-odaga -ma), JOSE, b. San Jose, Brazil, 1740 ; d. ab. 1795. One of the founders of the Brazilian Acad. Author of " Uruguay," a popular poem, and some lyrics. Bass, EDWARD, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1789.) first Prot.-Epis. bishop of Ms., b. Dorchester, Nov. 23, 1726 ; d. Sept. 10, 1803. H. U. 1744. He taught school for several years, and was ord. in Eng., May 24, 1752, by Bp. Sherlock at the request of the society of St. Paul s Church, Newburyport. In 1 796, he was elected bishop of the Prot.-Epis Church of Ms., and was consecrated May 7, 1797. He was after wards elected bishop of the R.I. churches, and in 1803 of those in N.H. Bassett, RICHARD, gov. of Delaware in 1798-1801 ; d. Sept. 1815. A member of the old Congress in 1787, and of the convention which framed the Constitution. He was U.S. senator in 1789-93, and was U.S. district judge in 1801-2. He was a lawyer of repute. His dan. Ann. m. James A. Bayard. Bassini, CARLO, music-teacher and writer, b. Cuneo, Piedmont, 1812; d. Irvington, N.J., 26 Nov. 1870. Obtaining distinction as a vio linist, he went with an operatic company to South America, became director, and afterward settled as a teacher of music in N. Y. City. Among his best known works are " Art of Singing," 1857 ; " Method for the Barytone," 1868; "Method for the Tenor," 1866; "Me lodic Exercises," 1865 ; " New Method," 1869. He composed some exquisite pieces. Batchelder, SAMUEL, inventor, b. Jaf- frey, N.H., 8 June, 1784. In 1808, he began the manufacture of cotton at New Ipswich ; superintended the erection of the Hamilton Mills at Lowell in 1825, and of a mill for the York Manuf. Co. at Saco, Me., in 1831. He now resides in Cambridge, Ms. Among his inventions, that of the dynamometer, for ascer taining the power for driving machinery, first used in the York Mills in 1837, is perhaps the greatest. In early life, he contrib. to the Port folio, and has pub. a " History of the Cotton Manuf. of the U. S" Bateman, DR. EPHRAIM, b. Cumberland 71 N J. 1770; d. there, Jan. 29, 1829. While a mechanic s apprentice, he studied medicine, became noted in the profession ; was many years in the State legisl. ; was an M. C. 1815- 23, and U. S. senator, 1826-9. Bateman, KATE JOSEPHINE ( Mrs. George Crowe), actress, b. Baltimore, Md., Oct. 7, 1842. Her father, H. L. Bateman, was a well- known theatrical manager; her mother, Fran- oes, an actress and dramatist. The children, Kate and Ellen, were on the stage almost from infancy. Ellen retired from the stage, and is now Mrs. Claude Greppo. Kate re-appeared, Mar. 19, 1860, after 4 years absence, as Evan- yeline, in a drama by her mother, at the Winter Garden, and performed in a variety of parts until, in Dec. 1862, she made, at Boston, her first appearance as Leah, a character with which her name is now identified, and in which she has appeared in all the large cities of the U. S. ami Great Britain. In London, where she appeared first in Oct. 1863, the part was repeated 211 nights in succession. Oct. 13, 1866, she became the wife of George Crowe, some time editor of the London Daily News, who resides near Bristol, Eng. Bates, BARNABAS, advocate of cheap post age, b. Edmonton, Eng., 1785 ; d. Boston, Oct. 1 1, 1853. He was brought to this country by his parents when a child, and became a Baptist preacher in R. L, but was afterwards a Unita rian. For a short time, he was collector of the port of Bristol, but in 1825 removed to N. Y., where he pub. a weekly paper, The Christian Inquirer. While holding an office in the N. Y. post-office, he turned his attention to cheap postage, publishing pamphlets, writing in the newspapers and magazines, and lecturing on the subject in various parts of the U. S. He succeeded in the reduction of the land postage to a reasonable rate, but died before effecting a corresponding decrease in the rate of ocean postage. Bates, EDWARD, LL.D. (H. U. 1858), statesman and jurist, b. Belmont, Goochland Co., Va., Sept 4, 1793 ; d. St. Louis, Mar. 25, 1869. Educated under the care of Benjamin Bates, a relative, he in 1814 emigrated to Mo. with his elder brother Frederick, who was sec. of the territory, and its gov. 1824-6. Com mencing the practice of law in 1816, he became eminent at the bar ; was app. pros. atty. for the St. Louis Circuit in 1818; atty.-gen. of the new State in 1820-22; U. S. dist. atty. 1824-6; was many years a leading member of the Mo. legisl., member of the convention which framed the constitution of the State in 1820, and was a member of the 24th Congress. The delivery of his celebrated speech at the Chicago Internal Improvement Convention in 1847 brought him into general notice. He, however, refused to be a candidate for office in Mo., and declined a seat in Pres. Fillmore s cabinet. He was the friend of Henry Clay in 1824; supported the administration of Mr. Adams ; in 1854 was an opponent of the re peal of the Mo. Compromise ; co-operated with the Free Labor party in Mo., and opposed the admission of Kansas under the Lecompton Constitution. Judge of the St. Louis Land Court in 1853-6, and pros, of the Bait Whig convention in 1856. On the election of Pres. Lincoln, he accepted the post of U. S. atty.- gen., resigning in Sept. 1864. Bates, ISAAC C., lawyer and statesman, b. Granville, Ms., 1780; d." Washington, D.C., Mar. 16, 1845. Y. C. 1802. He settled as a lawyer in Northampton, rose to eminence at the bar, and was for many years in both branch es of the State legisl. and in the exec, council. M. C. 1827-35, and in 1842 was elected U. S. senator, making an able speech against the annexation of Texas only a few days before his death. Bates, JOSHUA, D.D. (Y. C. 1818), reholai and divine, b. Cohasset, Ms., Mar. 20, 1770; d. Dudley, Ms., Jan. 14, 1854. H. U. 1800. Descended from Clement, b. Eng., 1592, came to America ab. 1636, settled at Hingham, and d. 1671. The son of a farmer of limited means, he toiled on a farm until he was 17. On leaving Harvard, he became an assist, in Phillips Acad. , pursuing a course of theol. stud ies at the same time. Ord. pastor of the Cong. Church in Dedham, Mar. 16, 1803, where he labored successfully until Mar. 1818. Pres. of Middlb. Coll. 1818-39. He was subsequently chaplain during one session of the U. S. sen ate ; and was installed pastor of a church in Dudley, Mar. 22, 1843. Member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. He pub. " Remi niscences of Rev. John Codman ; " two ser mons on Intemperance, 1813; a volume of Ser mons; Inaugural Address, 1818; Anniversary Discourse at Dudley, 1853 , and Sermons and Discourses. Sprague. Bates, JOSHUA, financier, b. Weymouth, Ms., 1788; d. London, Sept. 24, 1864; son of Col. Joshua, who d. 1804. He re ceived his early education from Rev. Jacob Norton, and, at the age of 15, entered the counting-house of William R. Gray in Boston. Entering the employ of Mr. Gray s father, long a leading merchant of N.E., he was sent by him to the north of Europe, to look after his interests there. In 1826, he formed a con nection in London with John Baring, under the firm of Bates & Baring. On the death of Mr. Holland, they were both made partners in the house of Baring Bros. & Co. In 1854, he was umpire between the commissioners of the English and U.S. govts. for settling claims growing out of the War of 1812. In 1852, he contributed $50,000 to the Public Library of the city of Boston, then being established, on condition that the income of his fund should annually be spent in the purchase of books of permanent value and authority, and that the city should provide comfortable accommoda tions for their use, both day and evening, by at least 100 readers. Up to Jan. 1858, when the building was dedicated, he had given to it some 30,000 vols., besides the sum above named. The large hall of the library is desig nated as Bates Hall. His only surviving child is the wife of Van de Weyer, an eminent Belgian statesman. During the Rebellion, his sympathies were actively enlisted in behalf of his country, and he did much by prudent coun sel and judicious suggestions to avert a war between England and the US. See Memorial of Joshua Bates, from the City of Boston, 1865. 72 Battle, LORENZO, Uruguayan statesman, b. 1812. Minister of war under Gen. Flores ; provisional pres. of Uruguay, 1866-8; elected pres. after the assassination of Flores, 28 Feb. 1868. Baugher, HENRY L., D.D., Lutheran clergyman, and educator, b. Abbotstown, Pa., ab. 1803 ; d. Gettysburg, Pa., April 14, 1868. Dick. Coll. 1825. He studied theology at Princeton and Gettysburg ; was licensed to preach by the Md. synod ; elected pastor at Boonsboro in 1829 ; took charge of the classi cal school at Gettysburg in 1830; and in 1832, when it became a coll., filled the chair of the Greek language, and belles-lettres, until 1850, when he became pres., continuing in that office until his death. He was a frequent contrib. to the Evangelical Review. Baume, FREDERICK, lieut.-col. of the Brunswick Dragoons in Burgoyne s exped., mortally wounded at the battle of Bennington, Vt., 16 Aug., and d. 18 Aug. 1777. He ar rived in Canada in 1776 ; 13 Aug. 1777, he was sent on an exped. to obtain supplies, and was defeated by the militia under Gen. Stark. Baxter, GEORGE ADDISON, D.D. (U. of N.C. 1812), Presb. clergyman, b. Rockingham Co., Va., 22 July, 1771 ; d. April 24, 1841. Liberty Hall, 1796. Licensed by the Lexing ton Presbytery, 1 Apr. 1797. Prof, mathe matics at Liberty Hall (afterward Wash. Coll.), 19 Oct. 1798-18*27, and was at the same time pastor of New Monmouth and Lexington. In 1827, he became the second pres. of Wash. Coll., Lexington, Va., resigning in 1829. In Apr. 1832, he accepted the office of prof, in the Union Theol. Sem., Prince Edward Co. Sprague. Bay, ELIHU HALL, jurist, b. York, Pa., 1 754 ; d. Charleston, S.C., 19 Nov. 1838 An drew, his father, a native of Ireland, long a Presb. minister in Pa., d. Newtown, L.I., 1776. The son was attorney-gen, of S.C., under the colonial re /ime, and, from 1791 to his d., asso. justice of the General Sessions and C. C. P. Author of " Reports of Superior Courts of S. C. since the Revol.," 2d ed., 2 vols., 1809-11. Bayard, GEORGE I)ASHiELL,gen., b. Sen eca Falls, N. Y., Dec. 18, 1835 ; killed at Fred- ericksburg, Va., Dec. 14, 1862. W. Pt. 1856. Entering the 1st Cavalry, he became capt. 4th Cavalry, Aug. 20, 1861. He com. the 1st Pa. Cavalry, and was made brig. -gen. April 28, 1862. Attached to Gen. McCall s reserves, he participated in the various battles of that fight ing corps. Nov. 20, 1861, he made a most brilliant and successful dash at the head of his regt. upon Dranesville. He subsequently served in the army-corps of Gen. McDowell, and in the army of Va., under Gen. Pope. After the battle of Antietam, he com. a cavalry- brigade in the advance of the army, with which he did excellent service, making frequent dashes into the enemy s lines, and driving them from the traps of the Blue Ridge ; chief of cav. 3d army-corps ; engaged in the battles of Cedar Mountain, 9 Aug. 1862, Manassas, Aug. 27- 31, and in the defences of Washington, D.C., Sept.-Oct. 1862. He was attached to Gen. Franklin s com. at t he attack on Fredericks- burg. Bayard, JAMES ASHETON, statesman, b. Phila., 28 July, 1767 ; d. Wilmington, Del., 6 Aug. 1815. N.J. Coll. 1784. Of Huguenot descent. On the death of his father, Dr. J. A. Bayard (8 June, 1770), he was received into the family of his uncle, Col. John. He studied law under Gen. Joseph Reed ; was adm. to the bar in 1787; settled in Del., and acquired reputa tion and practice. M.C. 1797-1803, and a leader of the Federal party ; U.S. senator, 1804- 13. He disting. himself in conducting the im peachment of Senator Blount; contrib. power fully to the election of Jefferson over Burr in their memorable contest for the Presidency ; and in the debate which preceded the repeal, in Mar. 1802, of the judiciary bill, displayed consum mate ability in defence of the system, which was, however, overthrown. He declined the post of envoy to the French republic, tendered him by Mr. Adams. In the senate, he opposed the declaration of war with Great Britain in 1812. Sent as a commissioner to treat for peace under Russian mediation, he left Phila., 8 May, 1813, arrived at St. Petersburg in July, and in Jan. 1814, proceeded to Holland. He afterward visited Eng., and with his colleagues, Messrs. Adams, Clay, Gallatin, and Russell, negotiated in Dec. 1814, at Ghent, the treaty that bears the name of that place. Included in the commission to make a commercial treaty with Great Britain, he was preparing to go there, when an alarming illness caused him to return home, which he reached only to die. As a lawyer and political orator, he took high rank. His son JAMES A. was U.S. senator from Del., 1851-69. Another son, RICHARD B., U.S. senator, 1836-9 and 1841-5; charge to Belgium, 1850 ; b. Wilmington, Del., 1796; d. Phila., 4 Mar. 1868. Ann, his wife, dau. of Gov. Richard Bassett, d. 10 Dec. 1854, a. 76. Bayard, COL. JOHN, merchant, and Revol. patriot, b. Cecil Co., Md., 11 Aug. 1733; d. N. Brunswick, N.J., 7 Jan. 1807. Member of the Revol. Committee of Safety; maj. 2d Phila. batt., which he led at the battle of Trenton ; many years speaker of the Pa. Assembly ; mem ber Old Congress in 1785; removed in 1788 to N. Brunswick, of which he was mayor, and judge of C.C.P. Bayard, SAMUEL, jurist (1765-1840), pub. " A Digest of Cases on the Law of Evidence," 1810, and an "Abstract of the Laws of the U.S." Bayfleld, HENRY WOLSEY, an English hydrographer, entered the navy in 1806 ; corn, a gunboat on the Arner. Lakes in 1814 ; made surveys of Lake Ontario in 1815, Lakes Erie and Huron in 1817-23, Lake Supericr in 1823-5, and of the River and Gulf of St. Law rence in 1827, being the first to make known the wonders of the Saguenay ; made capt. in 1834, and rear-admiral in 1856. His series of charts of the above surveys are leading author ities. Bayley, MATTHIAS, remarkable for lon gevity ; d. ab. 1 789, at Jones s Creek, a branch of the Pedee in North Carolina, a. 136. He was baptized at the age of 134. His eyesight re mained good, and he retained his strength, in a great degree, up to the time of his deata.- Bhke. 73 IBELA. Bayley, RICHABD, M.D., physician and medical writer, b. Fairfield, Ct., 1745 ; d. Staten Island, Aug. 17, 1801. Having finished his professional education in London, he settled in N.Y. in 1772. The prevalence of the croup in that city afforded him an opportunity for the display of his skill and judgment, treating it in a new manner, as an inflammatory disease ; and, in 1781, his publication, entitled "A View of the Croup," led to the adoption of his plan. In the autumn of 1775, he revisited London, where he engaged in study and practice with the aid of Dr. Hunter ; and, in the following spring, he returned to N.Y. as a surgeon in the English army, under Sir W. Howe. This post he resigned in 1777, and passed the re mainder of his life in practice in that city. In 1787, he gave lectures on surgery; in 1792, he was app. the first prof, of anatomy in Col. Coll. ; and, in 1793, prof, of surgery, his favorite subject. In 1796, he pub. a treatise on yellow- fever, in which he is said to have proved its local origin, repudiating the theory of contagion. He had previously been app. health physician of N.Y., and, in 1798, pub. his "Letters from the Health Office." He died of ship-fever. In 1788, his house was broken into by the " Doc tor s Mob," who destroyed his cabinet contain ing his valuable colls, in morbid anatomy, be sides some valuable preparations. To him the State of N.Y. is indebted for its quarantine laws. In 1781, he pub. "Angina Tracheatis," with the mode of cure, 8vo, N.Y. Thacher. Baylies, FRANCIS, lawyer and politician, b. Taunton, Ms., Oct. 16, 1783; d. there Oct. 28, 1852. After receiving an academical edu cation, he practised law in Tauuton. M. C. 1821-7; member of the State legisl. 1827-32 and in 1835; register of probate, 1812-20 ; chargtf d affaires to Brazil in 1832. Author of a valuable history of Plym. Col., 2 vols. 8vo, 1828, repub., with notes and additions by S. G. Drake, in 1866. Baylies, NICHOLAS, judge, b. Uxbridge, Ms., 1772; d. Lyndon, Vt., Aug. 17, 1847. Dartm. Coll. 1794. He practised law at Wood stock and Montpelier, and was a judge of the Supreme Court of Vt. in 1831-4. Author of " A Digested Index to the Modern Reports of the Courts of Common Law in Eng. and the U.S." 3 vols., 1814; and an " Essay on Free Agency." Baylies, WILLIAM, M.D., physician, b. Uxbridge, Ms., Dec. 5, 1743 ; d. Dighton, Ms., June 17, 1826. H. U. 1760. He established himself as a physician in Dighton, where he remained through life an exceedingly successful and popular practitioner. He zealously en gaged in the political controversies of the times, was a representative of the town of Dighton ; a member of the 3 Prov. Congresses of Ms. in 1775, serving on several important commit tees ; was also a member of the State conven tion that adopted the Federal Constitution ; and State senator, 1783. He was for several years A judge of the C. C. P. for the county of Bristol, and for a long time register of probate for that county. M. C. 1805-9. Member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences ; of the Ms. Hist. Soc., and also of the Ms. Medical Soc., of which he was one of the founders. His two sons, William and Francis, were both disting lawyers and statesmen. Baylor, COL. GEOEGE, Re vol. officer, b. Hanover Co., Va. ; d. 1784, at Barbadoes, whither he had gone for his health. App. aide to Washington, Aug. 15, 1775; served at Trenton, and carried the news of that success to Congress, by whom he was presented with a horse caparisoned for service, and recom mended for promotion. Made col. of dragoons, Jan. 8, 1777 ; surprised and dangerously wounded on the night of Sept. 27, 1778, at Tappan, N.Y., by Gen. Grey. 67 of his men were butchered in cold blood, and the remain der, with himself, captured. He served to the close of the war, and was esteemed an officer of bravery and merit. Bayly, THOMAS HENRY, M. C. from Va., b. Accomac Co., Va., 1810 ; d. there June 22, 1856. U. of Va. Son of Thos. M. (1775-7. Jan. 1834. M. C. 1813-15. N. J. Coll. 1794.) He came to the bar in 1830. At the age of 25, he was chosen a member of the Assembly, and was re-elected for five years in succession. He was elected by that body a brig.-gen. of rnilitia ; was judge of the Circuit Superior Court until 1844, and M. C. 1845-56. He was for a time chairman of the house Committee of Ways and Means. He lived and died on the spot where his English ancestors landed in 1666, and where they established the family home. Beach, ABRAHAM, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1789.) Prot.-Epis. clergyman, b. Cheshire, Ct., Sept. 9, 1740; d. Sept" 11, 1828. Y. C. 1757. He was ord. by the bishop of London in June, 1767. Rector of N. Brunswick, N.J., until 1783; assist, minister of Trinity Church, N.Y., 1783-1813. He pub. "Hearing the Word," and a " Funeral Sermon on Dr. Chandler," 1790. Beach, MOSES YALE, invent, and pub., b. Wallingford, Ct., Jan. 7, 1800; d. there July 19, 1868. Exhibiting in his boyhood some mechanical skill, he was apprenticed to a cabi net-maker at Hartford, subsequently went into business for himself at Northampton and Springfield ; manufactured a gunpowder en gine for propelling balloons, and endeavored to introduce steam-navigation on the Con necticut, between Hartford and Springfield. His plan was executed by others, his inventive skill enabling them to take a steamer over what had before been deemed the insurmount able Enfield Falls. He next devised a rag- cutting machine, now in general use in paper- mills ; then engaged in the manufacture of paper in Ulster Co., N.Y., but lost during the 7th year all he had before made. In 1835, he removed to New York, became interested in the Sun newspaper, the pioneer of the penny press, of which he soon made himself sole proprietor. During the Mexican war, he was sent to Mex ico by Pres. Polk, as an agent, to arrange a treaty of peace. The negotiations, however, when nearly concluded, were broken off by a false report that Santa Ana had annihilated the army of Gen. Taylor. Mr. Beach retired from business in 1857, and returned to his native town. Beall, BENJAMIN LLOYD, col. U.S.A., b. D.C. ; d. Bait, Aug. 16, 1863. Son of Maj. Beall 74 of Md. ; app. cadet, Jan. 1814; capt. Wash. City Vols. for the Florida war, June 1, 1836; capt. 2d Dragoons, June 8, 1836 ; brev. major, March 15, 1837, "for gallantry in war against Florida Indians ; " raaj. 1st Dragoons, Feb. 16, 1847; brev. lieut.-col., " for gallant conduct in battle of Santa Cruz de Resales, Mex.," Mar. 16, 1848 ; lieut.-col. Mar. 3, 1855 ; col. 1st Cav alry, May 13, 1861; retired Feb. 15, 1862. Gardner. Beall, GEN. REAZIN, d. Wooster, Ohio, Feb. 20, 1843, a. 73. App. from Pa. ensign, March 7, 1792; batt.-adj. and q master, 1793; served under Wayne; and was brig.-gen. of Ohio Vols. in Sept. 1812. He occupied various public stations in Ohio, and was M.C., 1813- 15. Beall, WILLIAM DENT, col. U.S.A., b. Md.,1755 ; d. Prince George Co., Md., Sept. 24, 1829; a maj. in the Revo), army; disting. at Long Island and at Camden, S.C. ; he was app. maj. 9th Inf. Jan. 8, 1799; dep.-adj.-gen. and dept.-insp.-gen. April, 1800; disbanded June 15, 1800; lieut.-col. 5th Inf. Dec. 12,1808; col. 3d Inf. Nov. 30, 1810 ; transferred, April, 1812, to 5th Inf. ; resigned Aug. 15, 1812 ; he com. a regt. of militia in the battle of Bladensburg ; sheriff of Prince George County. Gardner. Beard, JAMES H., artist, b. Buffalo, 1815. James, his father, removed to Painesville, O. ; d. there ab. 1827, leaving a wife and 5 small children penniless. With little teaching, he made himself a portrait-painter, settled in Cin cinnati, and was many years a leading artist in the West. He painted Harrison, Clay, Taylor, and J. Q. Adams. Among his compositions are " The Long Bill," " The Land Speculat or," and the " North Carolina Emigrants." Tuckerman. Beard, WM. H., artist, bro. of James H., b. Painesville, O., ab. 1824. At the age of 21, he became a peripatetic portrait-painter ; settled in Buffalo in 1850; visited Europe in 1858-60, and after the loss of his wife, to whom he had been recently united, in the latter year set tled in N. Y. City. He brought with him a few humorous pictures, " The Astronomer," " The Owl," " Bears on a Bender," and " Grimalkin s Dream." His other pictures are " The Guar dian of the Flag," "In and out," " Little Red Riding Hood," " Christmas Eve," " Raining Cats and Dogs," " A Bird in the Hand," and " Dance of Silenus." Tuckerman. Beardsley, SAMUEL, LL.D. (Ham. Col. 1849) a N.Y. politician, lawyer, and judge, b. Otsego Co., N.Y. ; d. Utica, N.Y., May 6, 1860. He studied law in Rome, Oneida Co., where he practised until his removal to Utica in 1825; dist. atty. of Oneida Co., 1821-5 ; was State senator in 1823; U.S. dist. atty. for the north ern district of N.Y. in 1827-31 ; M.C. from Oneida Co., N.Y., in 1831-6 and 1843-5; and Chairman of the judiciary committee; atty.- gen. of N.Y., 1837 ; app. judge of the Sup. Court of N.Y., 1844, arid chief-justice in 1847. Beasley, FREDERICK, D.D., Pr.-Ep. cler gyman and writer, b. near Eden ton, N.C., in 1777; d. Elizabethtown, N.J., Nov. 2, 1845. N.J. Coll. 1797. He was a tutor in that insti tution in 1798-1800, and, in 1801, was ord. deacon, and took charge of a parish in Eliza bethtown, N.J. After being rector of St. Peter s Church, Albany, N.Y., and co-rector of Christ Church, Baltimore, he was, in 1813, app. pro vost of the U. of Pa., filling also the chair of Mental Philosophy. Here he pub., in 1822, "A Search of Truth in the Science of the Human Mind," a work in defence of the phi losophy of Locke. After 15 years connection with this university, he took charge of the Ep. Church in Trenton, N.J., and, while there, pub an examination of Channing s arguments against the Trinity. In 1836, he returned to Eiizabethtown. He also pub. "An Examina tion of the Oxford Divinity ; or, the Tracta- rian Controversy." Blake. Beasley, GEN. NATHANIEL, pioneer of Ohio ; d. Knox Co., O., Mar. 27, 1835, a. 84. He was a noted Indian fighter and scout, being a large and powerful man; was in St. Glair s and Wayne s campaigns ; afterwards settled in Chillicothe, 0. ; was a member of the legisl., and a canal commissioner, and many years a maj.-gen. of militia. A. T. Goodman. Beatty, REV. CHARLES, Presb. minister, b. Co. Antrim, Ireland, ab. 1715; d. Aug. 13, 1772, at Bridgeton, Barbadoes. He came while young to Amer., engaged in trade, stud ied theology under Win. Tennent, was licensed Oct. 13, 1742, ord. Dec. 14, 1743, and succeeded Mr. Tennent at Neshaminy, 26 May, 1743. In 1760, he visited Eng. to obtain aid for the Presb. clergy, their widows and orphans. Sent to Va. and N. C. in 1754, he accomp. Franklin in an exped. against the frontier In dians, as chaplain, in 1755. He was often en gaged in missionary labors among the Indians in Western Pa., and was esteemed for his piety and charity. His journal of a two-months tour to promote religion among the frontier inhabitants of Pa. was pub. in London, 8vo, 1768. Sprague. Beatty, JOHN, M.D., physician and sol dier, son of Rev. Charles, b. Bucks Co., Pa., Dec. 10, 1749; d. Trenton, N.J., April 30, 1826. ^N. J. Coll. 1769. He studied medi cine with Dr. Rush, but joined the army early in the Revol. contest, and, in Sept. 1776, had attained the rank of lieut.-col. in the Pa. line. At the capture of Fort Washington, he was taken prisoner. Severe treatment greatly im paired his health ; but, having been exchanged, he was app., May 28, 1778, to succeed Dr. Bur- dinot as commissary-gen, of prisoners, with rank of col., which post he resigned Mar. 31, 1780. He then settled as a physician in Princeton ; was a delegate to the Old Congress in 1783-5; was frequently a member of both branches of the State legisl., and speaker of the house ; was a member of the convention that adopted the Federal Constitution ; and was a member of Congress in 1793-5. From 1795 to 1805, he was sec. of State for N.J. He su perintended the erection of the bridge across the Delaware at Bloomsbury, and, in 1815-26, was pres. of the Trenton Bank. Beauharnais (bo -ar -na), ALEX., Vis count, a French gen., b. Martinique, 17GO, guil lotined at Paris, 23 July, 1 794. He served as a maj. under Roehambeau in the Amer. Revol. war. Dep. from Blois to the states-iron. , he was one of the first to join the tiers ctat; be- 75 same pres. of the National Assembly; gen. of division in the army of the Rhine in 1792; minister of war in 1793; falsely accused of having promoted the surrender of Mentz, he was condemned by the revol. tribunal. Jose phine, his widow, became Empress of France. Eugene, his son, made by Napoleon viceroy of Italy, d. 1824. Beauharnais, CHARLES, MARQUIS DE, natural son of Louis XIV., gov. of New France, 1726-46, was an able and efficient officer. He had been disting., and held the rank of com modore in the navy. On the breaking-out of war with Eng., he fortified and strengthened the country, and built the fortress of Crown Point. Morgan. Beaujeu (bo -zhoo ) HYACINTHE MARIE L. DE, a French officer, who corn, and was killed at Braddock s defeat, at the battle of Monongahela, 9 July, 1755; b. Montreal, 9 Aug. 1711. He had attained the rank of capt. and the Cross of St. Louis, for ser vice in the navy. In 1733, he obtained the seigniory of La Colic, on the Chambly ; suc ceeded Contrecoeur at Ft. Du Quesne, in 1755, and planned the ambuscade which destroyed the army of Braddock. Beaujour (bo -zhoor"), Louis FELIX, DE, author and diplomatist, b. Provence, 1765 ; d. July 1, 1836. He entered the diplomatic ca reer in 1788, and was successively sec. of lega tion at Munich and Dresden, and consul-gen, in Sweden and Greece. Afterwards sec. and pres. of the tribunate, he wrote two remarkable tracts on the treaties of Luneville and Amiens. In 1804, he was app. consul-gen, and chargtf d affaires to the U.S. While here, he composed a work, which, on his return in 1814, he pub. with an admirable map, under the title of " A Sketch of the U.S. at the Commencement of the 19th Century." He was made consul-gen, of Smyrna in 1816, insp.-gen. of the French establishments in the Levant in 1817, and, re turning to France in 1819, was rewarded with the title of baron. Beaumarchais (bo -mar-sha ), PIERRE AUGUSTIN CARON, DE, b. Paris, Jan. 24, 1732; d. May 19, 1799. He gave striking proof, while young, of the possession of me chanical and musical talents ; assisted his fa ther in watchmaking, and afterwards became teacher of the harp to the daughters of Louis XV. He laid the foundation of his immense wealth by a rich marriage. In his celebrated lawsuit against Goesman, he exhibited all his talent ; and his " Memoirs," pub. at Paris in 1774, entertained all France. "The Barber of Seville " and " The Marriage of Figaro " have given him a permanent reputation. In his memoir, " Mes Six jEpoques" he relates the dangers to which he was exposed in a revol., where a celebrated name, talent, and riches were sufficient causes of proscription. As early as Sept. 1775, he had submitted to the king a memorial, in which he insisted upon the necessity for the French Govt. to come secretly to the assistance of the Colonies against Eng. As an agent of the French ministry, he passed part of 1775 in Eng., where he had interviews with Arthur Lee. By letters, representations, and adroit flattery, he brought over Maurepas, and obtained secretly from the French Govt. 1,000,000 livres, an equal sum from Spain, and arms and ammunition from the public arsenals, on condition that he would pay for or replace the same. Under the firm of Roderique Hor- talez & Co., early in 1777 he forwarded 3 ships with 200 pieces of ordnance, 25,000 muskets, 200,000 Ibs. of gunpowder, and other ammu nition. He had also engaged more than 50 officers, among them Pulaski and Steuben. He continued his shipments, until, in the begin ning of 1779, the U.S. were indebted to him in more than 4,000,000 francs. The final balance of this claim, ab. 800,000 francs, was not paid until 1835. The transaction, far from having been profitable to him, resulted in losses, which he was enabled to withstand, through govt. aid, and successful speculations of various kinds. The aid furnished by Beaumarchais was of in calculable advantage to the Amer. cause. The recent biography of this remarkable man, by M. de Lomenie, discloses the falsity of Arthur Lee s statement to Congress, that this aid to Amer. was a gift : it was not so. The ship ments of Roderique Hortalez & Co. were to be re-imbursed by return-cargoes of rice, to bacco, and indigo; and the falsehood of Lee placed Silas Deane in the position of a man trying fraudulently to obtain payment for a gift, and prevented Beaumarchais from furnish ing further aid, by cutting off his means of doing so ; since he had already far exceeded the capital loaned him by France and Spain. See De Lomenie, " Beaumarchais and his Times." Beaumont DE (deh-bo -mon ), de la Bonniere, GUSTAVE AUGUSTE, a French advocate and writer, b. depart, of Sarthe, Feb. 6, 1802; d. Paris, Feb. 22, 1866. In 1831, he was commissioned, with DeTocqueville, to visit the U.S., and examine its penitentiary system. Their report, " Du Si/steme Penitentiaire aux ltats Unis et de son Application en France," has become a standard work on the subject. Beaumont also wrote "Marie, on de I Esclavage aux iZtats Unis," which has been translated and reprinted in the U. S. He was a member of the chamber of deputies in 1840, of the con stituent assembly, 1848, and was app. ambassa dor to Eng. by Gen. Cavaignac. He was a grandson of Lafayette, and, in 1836, he m. a grand-dau. of the marquis. He was imprisoned for opposition to the coup d &at of Dec. 2, 1851. He wrote in 1839 " L Irlande, Sociale, Politique, et Religieuse " (2 vols., 1839). Beaumontj WILLIAM, M. D., a celebrat ed physician, b. Lebanon, Ct., in 1785; d. St. Louis, Apr. 25, 1853. After completing his medical education at St. Alban s, Vt., in 1812, he was app. assist, surgeon in the U. S. army, in which he served until 1837. In 1825, while stationed at Michilimacinac, he became acquainted with the Canadian St. Martin ; and it is to his experiments with this man, that Dr. Beaumont is indebted for his wide-spread fame. A gunshot wound in the side of St. Martin, healed without closing up, so that the stomach was exposed to observation ; and Dr. Beau mont made careful experiments for several years upon the processes of digestion. The result of his observations, pub. in 1838 ; shed U3EA. 76 BEG new light upon this most interesting and important subject, and is the only authority, based on actual observation, in that branch of science. After leaving the armv, Dr. Beau mont practised his profession at St. Louis. Beauregard, PETER GUSTAVUS Tou- TANT, gen. C.S. A., b. on his father s plantation, near N. Orleans, 1817. West Point, 1838. Entering the 1st Art., he was transferred to the engineer corps ; became 1st lieut. in 1839, and in the Mexican war won the brevets of capt. at Contreras and Churubusco, and maj. at Chapultepec, where he was twice wounded. He was present at the capture of the city of Mexico, and received another wound at the Belen Gate. Capt. Mar. 3, 1853. After the war, he had charge of the construction of the N. Orleans mint and custom-house, and of the fortifications near the mouths of the Mpi. Resigning his commission Feb. 20, 1861, he joined the rebel army; was made brig.-gen., conducted the attack on Fort Sumter, and, in June, took com. of the army at Manassas. July 21, he gained the battle of Bull Run, and was the same day promoted to be gen. C.S. A. Mar. 5, 1862, he took com. of the army of the Miss., under Gen. A. S. Johnston, who joined him at Corinth, ab. Apr. 1, and directed the battle of Shiloh until he was killed, Apr. 6 ; after which, Beauregard held the chief com. Fortifying himself at Corinth, he held the army of Gen. Halleck in check for nearly 2 months, and, when forced to retire, did so with slight loss. He was soon after relieved, at his own request, on account of ill health. In Aug., he received the com. of the military dept. com posed of S. C. and Ga. Jan. 31, 1863, he is sued a proclamation, as gen. com g in S. C., that the blockade of Charleston harbor had been raised. This canard was soon disproved ; but he successfully defended Charleston against Dahlgren and Gillmore. In May, 1864, he joined Lee at Richmond ; com. at Petersburg in June ; took com. of the military division of the West, Oct. 17, and com. at Charleston, S.C., in the following spring; but, on Gen. Sherman s approach, retired to N. C., and united his forces with those of Gen. J. E. Johnston, who surrendered soon after to Sher man. Beck, CHARLES, Ph. D., LL.D. (H. U. 1865), scholar, b. Heidelberg, Germany, Aug. 19, 1798; d. Cambridge, Ms., Mar. 19, 1866. Educated at the U. of Berlin, he studied theol ogy also ; was ord. July, 1822, and, in 1823, re ceived his degree at Tubingen. He was some time tutor at the U. of Basle; but his republi can sentiments endangered his liberty, and, in 1824, he came to New York. He soon con nected himself with the Round Hill School, Northampton, but in 1830 established a school at Philipstown, on the Hudson, opposite West Point. From 1832 to 1850, he was prof, of Latin language and literature at Cambridge U. He pub. in 1863 "The Manuscripts of the Satyricon of Petronius Arbiter, described and collated." He was a member of the Oriental Society, and of the Acad. of Sciences ; was 2 years in the State legisl., was a man of en larged views and great public spirit ; and was specially interested in the soldiers fund, the sanitary commission, and the organizations foi the care and education of the freedmen. Beck, GEORGE, painter and poet, b. Eng., 1749 ; d. Lexington, Ky., Dec. 24, 1812. He was app. prof, of mathematics in the Royal Acad. at Woolwich in 1776, but lost the office for neglecting its duties. After coming to Amer. in 1795, he was employed in painting by Mr. Hamilton of the Woodlands, near Phila. Besides original poetic pieces, he trans lated Anacreon, and large portions of Homer, Virgil, and Horace. He pub. " Observations on the Comet," 1812. Beck, JOHN BRODHEAD, M.D., b. Sche- nectady, Sept. 18, 1794; d. Rhinebeck, N.Y., Apr. 9, 1851. Columb. Coll. 1813. Bro. of T. R., Nicholas, Lewis, and Abraham Beck. Ed ucated by his uncle, Rev. John B. Romeyn of Rhinebeck. He commenced practice on the completion of his medical studies, in 1817, and became disting. In 1822, with Drs. Dyckman and Francis, he established the N. Y. Med. and Phys. Journal, of which he was 7 years chief editor. In 1826, he was app. prof. of materia medica and botany in the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, but subsequently exchanged the chair of botany for that of medical jurispru dence, which, together with that of materia medica, he continued to hold until his death. Physician of the N. Y. Hospital, 1835-45. He pub. "Medical Essays," 1843, and, with his bro. T. Romeyn Beck, produced the great work on "Medical Jurisprudence," 1823. Al so author of "Infant Therapeutics," 12mo, N. Y., 1849 ; " Hist. Sketch of the State of Medi cine in the Colonies," 1850. See Memoir, by C. R. Oilman, in Gross s Med. Biog. Beck, LEWIS C., M.D., chemist, b. Sche- nectady, N.Y., Oct. 4, 1798 ; d. Albany, April 21, 1853. Un. Coll. 1817. Bro. of John B. and Theod. Romeyn Beck. Adm. to practise medicine in Schenectady in 1818, he resided in St. Louis in 1820-21, and afterward settled in Albany. Prof, of botany in the Rensselaer School, 1824-9; prof, of botany and chemis try in the Vt. Acad of Med., 1826-32 ; gave a course of chemical lectures at Middleb. Coll. in Apr. 1827 ; mineralogist of the survey of N. Y. in 1837. In 1830, he was app. prof of chem istry and natural history in Rutgers s Coll., and, at the time of his death, was prof, of chemistry in the Albany Med. Coll. He pub. " Account of the Salt Springs at Salina," 1826; "On Adulterations," 12mo, N. Y., 1846 ; " Botany of the U. S.," and of the " U. S. North of Vir ginia," 12mo, 1848; "Mineralogy of N. Y.," 4to, 1842; "Illinois and Missouri Gazetteer," 8vo, 1823; "Chemistry," 1831. For a com plete list of Dr. Beck s writings, see Memoir, by Alden March in Gross s Med. Biog. Beck, PAUL, a philanthropic merchant, b. Phila. ab. 1760; d. there Dec. 22, 1844. Hia father emigrated from Nuremberg in 1752. The son was apprenticed to a wine-merchant, served in the militia during the Revol., and, at its close, began a highly-successful business- career, accumulating a very large fortune. He was long port-warden of Phila., one of the founders of the Pa. Acad. of Fine Arts, pres. and a liberal benefactor of the Deaf and Dumb Institution, one of the originators, and subse- BEG 77 quently the pres., of the Amer. S. S. Union and was a liberal contrib. to literary, religious and charitable objects. Beck, THEODORIC ROMEYN, M.D., LL.D. medical prof, and author, b. Schenectady, N.Y. 11 Aug. 1791; d. Utica, N.Y., 19 Nov. 1855 Un. Coll. 1807. He studied medicine under Dr. Hosack, obtained his degree in 1811, be gan practice in Albany, and in 1813 addressed the Albany Society of Arts upon the mineral resources of the U. S., believed to be the first pub. systematic account of Amer. minerals. App. in 1815 prof, of the institutes of medicine, and lecturer on med. jurisprudence, in the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons in Western N. Y. ; prof. of med. jurisp. at Fairfield Med. Coll. in 1826-36, and, from 1836 to 1840, prof, of mate- ria medica; prof of materia medica in the Al bany Med. Coll. 1840-54; principal of the Al bany Acad. 1817-48; made pres. of the State Med. Society in 1829 ; a manager of the N. Y. State Lunatic Asylum, and in 1854 elected pres ; a founder and active supporter of the Al bany Institute, and some years its pres ; mem ber of many learned societies, and an earnest promoter of all philanthi opic enterprises. His statistics of the deaf and dumb influenced the State legisl. to take measures for their educa tion. He edited for many years the American Journal of Insanity, and in 1823 pub. his fa mous work on "Aledical Jurisprudence," a standard work in Europe as well as in America. He also pub. many addresses, reports, and con- tribs. to scientific journals. See Memoirs, by F. If. Hamilton, in Gross s Med. Bioq. Beckwith., SIR GEORGE, an English gen., b. 1753 ; d. 20 Mar. 1823. He served as adj. of grenadiers in the unsuccessful attack on Fort Moultrie ; was at the battles of Brooklyn, White Plains, Brandywine, Monmouth, and the capture of Fort Griswold ; became a capt. in May, 1777, and aide to Knyphausen, and in June, 1782, became aide to Carleton, whom he accomp. to Canada in 1786. Adj. -gen. in N. Amer. in 1793; col. 1795; gov. of Bermuda, 1798-1803, and afterwards of St. Vincent s and Barbadoes; and, in 1809-10, captured all the French W. Indies. Made full gen. 4 June, 1814, and com.-in-chicf in Ireland in 1816-20. Beckwith, GEORGE C., D.D., Cong, cler gyman, d. Boston, 12 May, 1870, a. 70. A founder of the Amer. Peace Society ; 33 years its corresp. sec. ; editor of its magazine, The Advocate of Peace, and devoted his whole time and rrfind to the cause. Bedard, PIERRE, Canadian jurist and pol itician, b. Quebec, 1763; d. 1827. One of the first native Canadians adm. to the bar, leader of the opposition to Gov. Craig in the As sembly, and one of the founders of Le Cana dian, newspaper. He was imprisoned for some violent attacks upon the executive in this jour nal, and, after his release was long a district judge. Morgan. Bedel, COL. TIMOTHY, Revol. officer, d. Haverhill, N.H., Feb. 1787. Originally from Salem, N.H., he settled in Haverhill, was a lieut. in GofTe s regt. in 1760, and served in Canada. App. capt. of rangers, July 6, 1775. Col. 1st N. H. regt. Jan. 20, 1776, he joined the Northern army under Schuyler. While absent at Montreal on duty, his subordinate, Capt. Butterfield, surrendered in a most cowardly manner at the Cedars. July 30, 1776, he was ordered by Congress to be tried by court-mar tial for neglectof duty. He was afterward maj.- gen. 2d div. N. H. militia. Bedell, GREGORY TOWNSEND, D.D., an eloquent clergyman, b. Staten Island, Oct. 28. 1793 ; d. Baltimore, Aug. 30, 1834. Col. Coll. 1811. His mother was a sister of Bishop Moore ofVa. Ord. deacon, Nov. 4, 1814. In 1815,he became rector of the church in Hudson, and, in 1818, of that in Fayetteville, N.C., when, after 3 years of successful labor, ill health in duced him to come north. The Church of St Andrew s, in Phila., was built for him, and was consecrated May 21, 1823. Here Dr. Bedell officiated till his death. His sermons were re markable for simplicity and point ; and none could have heard him preach without remem bering and appreciating the peculiarities of his oratory. He pub. " Cause of the Greeks/ 1827; "Ezekiel s Vision;" "Is it Well?" " It is well ; " " Onward, or Christian Progres sion ; " "Pay thy Vows; " " Renunciation ; " " Way Marks ; " " Basket of Flowers ; " " Bi ble Studies," 2 vols., 1829; "Religious Sou venir," 1834. Thirty of his sermons were pub., with a Memoir by Rev. Dr. Tyng, 1836, 8vo, 2 vols. Bedford, GUNNING, Revol. patriot, mem ber Old Congress in 1783-5 ; gov. of Del. 1796- 7 ; d. Newcastle, Del., 30 Sept. 1797, while in office. B. Phila. Lieut, in the French war in 1755; maj. 20 Mar. 1775; lieut.-col. in Has let s regt., 19 Jan. 1776, and wounded at White Plains; muster-m.-gen. 18 June, 1776. See Life Geo. Read, by Wm. T. Reed, 1870. Bedford, GUNNING, jun., cousin of the preceding, also a Revol. patriot, b. Phila., 1747 ; d. Wilmington, Del., 30 Mar. 1812. N. J. Coll. 1771. Practised law at Dover, and afterwards at Wilmington, Del. Member of the legisl., and atty.-gen. of the State ; member Cont. Congress, 1785-6, and of the convention that formed the U. S. Constitution; U. S. district judge from 1789 to his death. Life of Geo. Bedford, GUNNING S., M.D. (Rutg. Coll. 1829), b. Baltimore, 1806; d. N.Y. City, 5 Sept. 1870. Mt. St. Mary Coll. 1825. Grand- nephew of the preceding. Prof, at Charleston, S.C., and afterwards in the Albany Med. Coll., but in 1836 went to N.Y., and obtained a lucrative practice. Prof, of midwifery in the U. of N.Y., 1840-62. Author of "Lectures on the Diseases of Women and Children/ "Midwifery," 1859, and has translated from the French, and edited, " Chailly s Midwifery," " Magrier s Anatomy," " Baudelocque on Puerperal Fever," "Boisseati on Cholera, &c." Bedinger, MAJ. GEORGE M., Revol. officer, b. Va. ; d. Lower Blue Licks, Ky., ab. 1830. One of the earliest emigrants to Ky., he served as adj. in the exped. against Chil- licothe in 1779, as maj. at the battle of Blue Licks in 1782, and did good service throughout the war as an Indian spy. He led a batt. from Winchester, Va., under St. Clair, in his cxped. in 1791 ; was maj. of U.S. Inf. from Apr. 1792, to Feb. 1793 ; was a member of the BED 78 Ky. legisl. in 1792, and M. C. from 1803 to 1807. Bedinger, HENRY, politician, b. near Shepherdstown, Va., 1810; d. there Nov. 26, 1858. Daniel his father, a Revol. soldier and a Democ. leader, d. ab. 1820. He began to practise law at Shepherdstown at 22 ; was after wards a partner of his bro.-in-law, Gen. George Rust, at Charlestown ; succeeded him as M. C. in 1845-9, and, in 1853-8, was minister to Den mark, settling by a treaty the vexed question of the Sound dues. He was a popular and effective speaker. Bee, BARNARD E., brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Charleston, S.C., ab. 1825 ; killed at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. West Point, 1845. Entering the 3d Inf., he was brev. for gal lantry at Cerro Gordo, where he was wounded, and for Chapultepec, where he was one of the storming-party. 1st lieut. 1851 ; capt. 10th Inf. Mar. 3, 1855, and, being ordered to Utah, was acting lieut.-col. of a batt. of vols. from Dec. 1857, to Sept. 1858. He resigned Mar. 3, 1861, and was app. brig.-gen. in the rebel army. Bee, JUDGE THOMAS of S.C., a Revol. patriot ; member of the Assembly, speaker of the house of reps., member of the privy council ; judge of the State courts ; member of the council of safety ; lieut.-gov. ; member of Continental Congress, 1780-2, and finally judge of the district. Suffered greatly in prop erty by the war. He pub. " Reports of the Dist. Court of S.C." 1810. Beebe, BEZALEEL, COL., a Revol. officer, b. Litchtield, Ct., Apr. 28, 1741 ; d. there May 29, 1824. In 1758, he joined Rogers s Rangers, and was engaged in the sanguinary fight in which Putnam was captured, and shared in the reduction of Montreal. Capt. in Jan. 1776, he was app. to Hinman s regt., and was made prisoner at the capture of Fort Washington. Maj. in Aug. 1777, havingjust been exchanged ; lieut.-col. 1780; col. early in 1781; and was soon after app. to the command of the Ct. troops raised for the defence of the sea-coast. From Oct. 1781 to 1795, he was frequently a member of the State legisl. His son Ebenezer, maj. U.S. A., d. in the service during the War of 1812. Beecher, CATHARINE ESTHER, eldest dau. of Rev. Lyman, b. East Hampton, L.I., Sept. 6, 1800, received her early education at Litchfield. The death of Prof. Fisher of Yale Coll., to whom she was betrothed, was a severe blow, from which she sought consolation in a lite of activity. In 1822-32, she conducted a female sem. at Hartford, and prepared for the press a manual of arithmetic, 1830, and ele mentary books of instruction in theology and moral philosophy. In 1832, she accomp. her father to Cincinnati, where, for 2 years, she was at the head of an institution for female in struction. She has for many years employed herself in developing a plan for female Chris tian education, to be promoted through a national board, with high schools and normal schools to provide a sufficient supply of well- instructed teachers. Among her writings in this cause are " Domestic Service," " The Duty of Amer. Women to their Country," " The True Remedy for the Wrongs of Wo man," 1851; "Treatise on Domestic Econo my," a work on "Physiology, and the Condition and Habits of American women," 1856, and the first vol. of a course on theology and moral philosophy. She has also pub. " Housekeeper s Receipt Book," " Suggestions on Education," 1829; "Letters on Difficulties in Religion," 1 836 ; " The Moral Instructor," 1 838 ; Memoir of her brother, Rev. George Beecher, 1844; " Truth Stranger than Fiction," 1850; Phys iology and Calisthenics," " Letters on Health and Happiness," 1855 ; d. Elmira, May 12, 1878. Beecher, CHARLES, son of Dr. Lyman, b. 1815. Ord. 1844 pastor of a church at Newark, N.J. ; settled at Georgetown, Ms., since 1857. He has pub. a popular vol., " The Incarnation, or Pictures of the Virgin and her Son ; " " Review of the Spiritual Manifesta tions," 12mo, N.Y., 1853; " Pen Pictures of the Bible/ 1855. With his brother Henry Ward, he prepared the "Plymouth Coll. of Hymns and Tunes," 1856. Beecher, EDWARD, D.D. (Marietta Coll. 1841), eldest son of Rev. Lyman, clergyman, b. 1804. Y. C. 1822. He studied divinity at Andover and New Haven; was tutor at Y.C. in 1825, pastor of Park-st. Church, Boston, 1826-31; pros. 111. Coll., Jacksonville, 1831- 44 ; pastor of Salem-st. Church, Boston, 1846- 56 ; now pastor of a church in Galesburg, 111. He has pub. " Conflict of Ages," 1854, " Papal Conspiracy," 1855, a work on "Baptism," 12mo, 1850, and "Riots at Alton," 1838. Beecher, HENRY WARD, a popular orator, and minister of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, N.Y., son of Rev. Lyman Beecher, b. Litch field, Ct., June 24, 1813. Amh. Coll. 1834. He studied theology under his father at the Lane Sem., Cincinnati, and was first settled in 1837 as Presb. minister at Lawrcnceburg, Ind. In 1839, he removed to Indianapolis. In 1847, he became pastor of the Plymouth Church. He visited Eng. in the summer of 1863, and rendered important service to his country by his eloquent vindication of its policy in the war for the Union. In Apr. 1865, at the request of the govt., he delivered an oration at Fort Sumter, on the anniversary of its fall. Be sides occasional addresses, he is the author of " Lectures to Young Men," editor of " The Ply mouth Collection of Hymns," also one of the founders of the Independent, a weekly religious newspaper of N.Y. Two vols. of these contribu tions have been collected under the nnme*Df the " Star Papers." Fragments from his discourses, entitled " Life-Thoughts," and " Notes from Plymouth Pulpit," have had a wide circulation. He has also pub. "Eyes and Ears," 1S62; "Freedom and War,"* 1863; "Norwood," a novel of New-England life, 1866 ; and " Ser mons," 2 vols. 8vo. He is a popular lecturer ; and, as a preacher, he addresses himself with vigor and effect to the hearts and understand ings of his hearers. He opposed the institution of slavery, and, in the presidential contest of 1856, took an active part in favor of the Repub licans, not only with his pen, but by addressing mass meetings throughout the Northern States. See H/en of our Time, by II. B. Stoice. Beecher, LYMAN. D.D., an eminent Presb, BEE 79 BEL clergyman, h. N. Haven, Ct., Oct. 12, 1775 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Jan. 10, 1863. Y.C. 1797. He studied theology under Pres. Dwight; was pastor of the church in E. Hampton, L.I., from Dec. 1798 to 1810 ; of the First Church, Litch- field, Ct., from 1810 to 1826 ; of the Hanover- st. Church, Boston, from 1826 to 1832, and of the Second Church, Cincinnati, 0., in connec tion with the presidency of the Lane Theol. Sem. there, from 1832 to 1851. Returning to Boston, he preached occasionally, but removed to Brooklyn in 1855, where he ended his days. In Litchtield, he aided in organizing the Mis sionary, the Education, and the Amcr. Bible Societies. In the theological controversies which led to a division of the Presb. Church in 1837-8, he took an active part, though free from bitterness. His forcible preaching, his strong views in regard to evangelical truth, and his boldness in denouncing laxity in regard to the standard of Christian orthodoxy, made a deep impression on the public mind. He was the most widely known, and the most influential, preacher in the country, from 1815 to 1851. He was conspicuous in the temperance move ment, and pub. a famous series of sermons on intemperance, which greatly aided the cause. His numerous publications, mostly sermons, include a vol. on " Political Atheism." His Autobiography, and a selection of his works, edited by his son Charles, were pub. in 1865, in 2 vols., 12mo. His works, 3vols., 8vo, were pub. Boston, 1 852. All his sons became Cong, clergymen ; viz., William, Edward, D. D., George (d. 1843), Henry Ward, Charles, Thos. K., and James. The daughters are Catharine E. and Harriet (well-known authors), Mary, and Isabella. Beechey, FREDERIC WILLIAM, British navigator, b. London, Feb. 1796 ; d. there Nov. 29, 1856. Son of the painter, Sir Wm. He entered the navy at the age of 10, and saw service at New Orleans ; a lieut. in 1815; in 1818, he sailed under Sir John Franklin on his first voyage of arctic discovery, acting as artist to the exped. In 1819, he accomp. Sir Edward Parry in ".The Hecla," in his first arctic voy age. In 1821, he was commissioned, with his brother, H. W. Beechey, to survey the north coast of Africa from Tripoli to Derne. Made a com., he sailed in 1825, in " The Blossom," on another arctic exped., via Cape Horn, to act in concert with Franklin and Parry, and, having passed Behring s Straits, arrived in Aug. 1826, at a point north of Icy Cape, reach ing in boats 71 23 31" N. lat., and 156 21 30 " W. long. He pub. a narrative of this voy age in 1 831 . Beechey subsequently discovered, in 1827, two secure harbors south-east of Cape Prince of Wales, and near Behring s Straits, which he named Port Clarence and Grantly Harbor. In 1829-39, he was employed in mak ing surveys of the coasts of S. America and Ireland. In 1854, he was app. rear-adm. of the blue, and in 1855 was chosen pres. of the Roy. Geog. Society. Behem, MARTIN, geographer and navi gator, b. Nuremberg, ab. 1430; d. Lisbon, July, 1506. He studied astronomy and mathema tics ; went in 1477 to Flanders, and in 1480 to Lisbon, where he is said, by Herrera, to have sustained Columbus s view of a western passage to India. In 1483, he was app. a commis. for calculating an astrolabe and tables of declen sion. Next year, he was cosmographer to the exped. to the W. coast of Africa. In 1486, he established a Flemish Colony at Fayal, and in 1490 returned to Nuremberg, where he con structed a terrestrial globe, on which historical notices were written, and which is a valuable memorial of the discoveries and geog. knowl edge of the time. The discovery of Fayal is claimed for Behem in 1459, and of Brazil in 1484 (8 years before the voyage of Co lumbus). Behring, VITUS, a Danish navigator, well known for his shipwreck and death on an island still disting. by his name, b. Horseus, Jutland, 1680 ; d. Dec. 8, 1741. In his youth, he made several voyages to the East and West Indies. He made, in 1725, an exped. to the Northern Seas, to discover an overland passage to America. He served in the Russian navy, and, in 1728, was intrusted by Peter the Great with an exped. to ascertain how far the coast of Amer. extended towards the east, but made no discoveries of consequence, either in this or the two subsequent voyages for the same govt. in 1730 and 1741. In the last of these at tempts, he was shipwrecked and lost in the straits, and on the island which retain his name. He became a commodore in 1732. Though Behring s exped. terminated so unfor tunately, the finding of this island led to the discovery of others abounding with valuable furs, and finally to that of the Aleutian Isles : it is also the foundation of the claim of Russia to that part of America. Belcher, SIR EDWARD, arctic explorer, grandson of Judge Jonathan, b. 1799. Entered the English navy, 1812; present at the battle of Algiers; com. "The ^Etna," 1830; "The Terror," and " The Erebus," for arctic service, in 1833, and "The Sulphur" in 1836-42; knighted in 1843; capt. of "The Samarang" in the E. Indies, 1843-9; com. the exped. in search of Sir John Franklin, 1852-4 ; admiral, 1861. Author of several narratives of his voy ages, and other works ; d. London, Mch. 18. 1 ^77. Belcher, JONATHAN, a colonial governor, b. Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 8, 1682; d. Elizabeth- town, N.J., Aug. 31, 1757. H.U. 1699. Son of Andrew, one of the council of the province, who d. in 1717 ; and grandson of Andrew, who lived in Cambridge in 1646. His education was carefully superintended by his father Visiting Europe, he formed an acquaintance with the Princess Sophia and her son, after wards King George I., which laid the founda tion of his future honors. After his return from a six-years sojourn, he was a merchant of Boston, a member of the Prov. Assembly, then a member of the council, and in 1729 was sent as agent of the province to Eng land. This position, according to Hutch- inson, was not attained by him in a very creditable manner. Nov. 29, 1729, he was app. gov. of Ms. and N.H. He was superseded in 1741, in consequence of the violent clamor against him. He succeeded in vindicating him self at the British court, and took the govt. of N.J., where he arrived in 1747, and where he 80 passed the remainder of his life. He extended the charter of N.J. Coll., was its chief patron and benefactor, and rendered eminec* service to the State. Belcher, JONATHAN, jurist, b. Boston, July 28, 1710; d. Halifax, March 29, 1776. H.U. 1728. Son of Gov. Jonathan. He studied law at the Temple, London, and attained some eminence at the English bar. He was one of the first settlers of Chebucto, afterwards called Halifax, and being, in 1760, senior councillor, was, on the death of Gov. Lawrence, app. lietit.- gov., in which office he was succeeded by Col. \Viltnot in 1763; app. chief-justice in 1761, and in the same year, as com.-in-chief, made a treaty with the Miramichi, Micmac, and other tribes of Indians. ANDREW, his son, a disting. citizen of Halifax, was member of the council, 1801. Belcher, JOSEPH, D.D., clergyman and author, b. Birmingham, Eng., April 5, 1794; d. Phila., July 10, 1859. He came to this country in 1844. His publications number nearlv 200. Among them are lives of Whitefield and Robert Hall, " History of Re ligious Denominations of U.S.," 1855 ; " Bap tist Manual," " Sketches from Life/ "Poetical Sketches of Biblical Subjects," " The Clergy of America," 1855; "The Baptist Pulpit of the U.S.," 1850. He furnished many of the biog raphies for the Amer. Portrait Gallery. His last book was " A History of Hymns and their Authors." Belgrano, MANUEL, a South-American patriot, b. Buenos Ayres; d. 1820. His par ents, who emigrated from Italy, were wealthy ; and their son, after completing his education at the U. of Salmanca, was app. sec. of the con sulate at Buenos Ayres, and became popular. He entered zealously into the measure of de posing the Viceroy Cisueros, in May, 1810. Raised to the rank of gen., he com. an unsuc cessful exped. against Paraguay. Sept. 4, 1812, Belgrano gained a victory over the royalist fen. Pio Tristan at Tucuman, and on the 13th eb. following obtained another victory over him at Salta, but imprudently released Tris tan and his troops upon their parole, which the Spaniards dishonorably violated. In conse quence of this, Gen. Pezuela.with the very same troops, added to others collected in Peru, at tacked and defeated him at Vileapuzio, Oct. 1, ISlo, and again at Ayoma in the same year ; and San Martin succeeded him in the com. Belknap, JEREMY, D.D. (H. U. 1792), clergyman and historian, b. Boston, June 4, 1744"; d. there June 20, 1798. H. U. 1762. He studied theology, taught school 4 years, was pastor of a church in Dover, N.H., from Feb. 18, 1767, to 1786, and of the Federal-st. Church, Boston, from April 4, 1787, until his death. He founded the Ms. Hist. Society in 1791 ; was an overseer of Harvard U., and was a useful member of many literary and humane societies. He was a warm friend of the Revol. and of the Federal Constitution, an opponent of African slavery, and a promoter of literature and science. Besides numerous sermons, he pub. a " History of New Hampshire," 3 vols., 8vo, 1784-92; a collection of Psalms and Hymns, 1795 ; "American Biography," 2 vols., 8vo, 1794-8 ; " The Foresters," a work of wit and humor, descriptive of American manners a century discourse on the Discovery of Amer ica, 1792; " Dissertations upon the Character and Resurrection of Christ," 1795, 12mo; and contribs. to the Columbian and Boston mag azines, the Hist. Colls., and the newspapers of the day. His historical writings are charac terized by extensive information and research. He was highly esteemed as a preacher. A Memoir, with selections from his corresp., was pub. by his grand-dau. in N. Y., in 1847. Belknap, WILLIAM GOLDSMITH, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Newburgh,N.Y., Sept. 14, 1794; d. Fort Wachita, Tex., Nov. 10. 1851. Made a lieut. 23d Inf. Apr. 5, 1813 ; disting. and wounded in the sortie from Fort Erie, 1 7 Sept. 1814; capt. 1 Feb. 1822; brev. maj. 1 Feb, 1832; maj. 8th Inf. 31 Jan. 1842; and Mar. 15, 1842, brev. lieut.-col. for good con duct in the Florida war. He was \fith Gen. Taylor on the Rio Grande ; was brev. col. for services in the battles of May 8 and 9, 1846, and was presented with a sword by his fel low-townsmen of Newburgh. Acting insp.- gen. at the capture of Monterey ; lieut.-col 5th Inf. Sept. 26, 1847; brev. brig.-gen. 23 Feb. 1847, for Buena Vista. From Dec. 1848 to May, 1851, he was in com. of Fort Gibson. In 1 828-9, Capt. Belknap established Fort Leav- enworth near the site of the thriving city of that name. Belknap, WILLIAM WORTH, sec. of war, 1869, b. Io., 1831. N.J. Coll. 1848; Princeton Mil. Coll, N.J. Served through the Rebellion, and, in the campaigns of Tenn. and Ga., com. a division. Coll. of revenue in Iowa, 1866-9. Bell, CHARLES H., rear-adm., b. New York, Aug. 15, 1798. Midshipm. June 18, 1812; lieut. Mar. 28, 1820; com. Sept. 20, 1840; capt. Aug. 12, 1854; cornmo. July 16, 1862 ; rear-adm. July 25, 1866. He was in Decatur s squadron in 1813-14, in that of Chauncy on Lake Ontario, in 1814, and in Deeatur s, in the Mediterranean, in 1815; in 1824, com. schooner " Ferret " in the W. Indies ; was cap sized at sea, and remained 21 hours on the wreck ; attached to " The Erie " in 1829 ; as sisted in cutting out the pirate schooner "Fed eral " from the forts at Guadaloupe, W. I. ; com. Norfolk navy-yard, 1860; com. Pacific squad. 1862-4; N. Y. navy-yard, 1865-8; d. New Brunswick, N. J. Feb. 14, 1875. Bell, HENRY H., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. N.C. ab. 1808; drowned at the mouth of Osaka River, Japan, Jan. 11,1868. Midshipm. Aug. 4 1823 ; lieut. Mar. 3, 1831 ; com. Aug. 12, 1854 , capt. 1861 ; commo. July 16, 1862 ; rear-adm. July 25, 1866. His first service was in " The Grampus," in clearing the coast of Cuba of pirates. He com. one of the vessels of the E. I. squadron, which, in Nov. 1856, captured and destroyed the four barrier forts near Canton, China. Assigned to the Gulf squadron in 1861, he took an active part, as fleet-captain, in the capture of New Orleans and the siege of Vicksburg, and did essential service in the coast blockade. He was for a time, in 1863, in com. of the West Gulf squadron ; and, when Adm. Thatcher was ordered to other duty, its com. again devolved on him. In July, 1865, BEL 81 BEL he was ordered to com. the E. I. squadron, and was very active in putting down the pi rates thut infested the Chinese seas. In 1867, he was retired, but had not been relieved when he was drowned. Bell* JAMES, lawyer and statesman, b. Fran- cestown, N.H., Nov. 13, 1804 ; d. Gilford, N.H., May 26, 1857. Bowd. Coll. 1822. Son of Gov. Samuel. He studied law with his bro. Samuel D. Bell, and at the law school at Litchfield, Ct. ; in 1825, was adm. to practise in Gilman- ton, N.H., and ab. 1831 removed to Exeter, where he practised till 1846, when he removed to Gilford. In 1846, he was elected to the N. H. legisl. from Exeter ; in 1850, a member of the State-Const. Conv. from Gilford ; and in 1855, he was elected by the legisl. to the U. S. senate. Bell, JOHN, gov. N. H., 1829-30; d. Ches ter, N.H., 22 Mar. 1836, a. 70. Bro. of Gov. Sam l Bell. Many years a merchant in Ches ter ; councillor of the State ; and sheriff of Roekingham Co., 1823-8. Bell, JOHN, statesman, b. near Nashville, Term., Feb. 15, 1797 ; d. there Sept. 10, 1869. U. of Nashv. 1814. He studied law; was adm. to the bar in 1816, and settled at Franklin, Williamson Co. In 1817, he was elected to the State senate; was M. C. in 1827-41, offi ciating during one term as speaker ; was sec. of war in 1841 ; was in 1847 a member of the Tenn. legisl., but, before the close of the year, was elected to the U. S. senate, and was re- elected in 1852, serving from time to time as chairman of important committees. He was the Union candidate for Pres. in 1860, Mr. Ev erett being on the ticket for vice-pres. In Con gress, he was an earnest advocate of the policy of protecting American industry, and of im proving the great rivers and lake harbors. He opposed nullification, favored the reception of petitions for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, opposed the policy of an nexation, favored the compromise measures of 1850, and protested against the passage of the Nebraska Bill in 1854. He took decided ground against the so-called Lecompton Constitution, and in an elaborate speech charged that that measure tended directly to the overthrow of the Union. Mr. Bell was one of the very few Southern men whose course was whblly na tional in character. Bell, LUTHER V, M.D., LL.D., physician, son of Gov. Saml. Bell of N.H., b. Chester, N.H., Dec. 20, 1806 ; d. in camp near Budd s Ferry, Md.,Feb. 11,1862. Bowd. Coll. 1823. He studied medicine in N.Y. City with an elder bro., received his degree from the Hanover Med. Sehool,and began practice in N.Y. Afterwards, removing to his native town, he became eminent as a surgeon and as a medical writer, gaining 2 Boylston prizes before he was 30. The es tablishment of the State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester, Ms., caused him to advocate a simi lar institution for N. H. ; and he was superin tendent of the McLean Asylum, at Somerville, Ms., from Jan. 1837 to 1856". In 1845,he visited Europe for the trustees of the Butler Hospital for the Insane, at Providence, R.I. Dr. Bell was in 1850 one of the exec, council of Ms., and was a member of the Const. Conv. of 1853. Pres. Ms. Med. Asso. 1857. He went to the seat of war as surgeon of the llth Ms. regt., but was soon after made brigade-surgeon in Hooker s division. Dr. Bell was the author of several able professional works, and some polit ical essays, also of an investigation of alleged spiritual manifestations. Bell, PETER HANSBROUGH, col., b. Va. Capt. Texas Rangers, 1845-6, on frontier ser vice. Lieut.-col. of Hays s regt. mounted vols. in Mexican war, 1847-8*; col. of regt. for frond jr defence, from July 1848, to Feb. 1849; gov. of Texas, 1849 to 1853; M.C. 1853-7, after ward judge of the Supreme Court of the State., Gardner. Bell, SAMUEL, LL.D., statesman and ju rist, b. Londonderry, N.H., Feb. 9, 1770; d. Chester, N.H., Dec. 23, 1850. Dartrn. Coll. 1793. His ancestors were originally from Scotland, but settled near Londonderry, Ire land, where his grandfather John was b., who, in 1722, emigrated to Amer. with 4is family, and settled in that part of N. H. known as the town of Londonderry, where he d. in 1742. He worked on his father s farm until 18, when he prepared himself for coll. After graduating, he studied law, and was adm. to practise in 1796 ; member of the legisl. in 1804-8, occupy ing the position of speaker; in 1807 and 1808 was a member of the senate; in 1809, a mem ber of the exec, council; in 1816-19, judge of the Sup. Court of the State; and in 1819-23, gov. Declining a re-election, he was a member of the U.S. senate from 1823 to 1835. He re ceived the degree of LL.D. from Bowd. Coll. 1821. Among his sons were James, a celebrated lawyer, Saml. Dana, LL.D, and Luther V, M.D., LL.D. His youngest son, COL. LEWIS BELL, b. 1836, d. of wounds at Fort Fisher, Jan. 16, 1865. Brown U. 1853. He began the practice of law, entered the army in April, 1861, as capt. 1st N.H. vols., and, at the time of his death, was col. 4th N.H. vols., and acting brig. - gen. Bell, SAMUEL DANA, LL.D. (D.C. 1854), jurist, b. Francestown, N.H., Oct. 9, 1798 ; d. Manchester, N.H., July 31, 1868. H.U. 1816. Son of Gov. Saml. Bell. He began to practise law in Meredith, removed to Chester in 1820, to Concord in 1 830,and from 1 839 to his death lived in Manchester. He was a member of the legisl. in 1825 ; solicitor for Rockingham Co. in 1823- 8 ; several years clerk of the legisl. ; commis sioner to revise the statutes of N.H. in 1830, 1842, and 1867; judge of the Police Court, Manchester, 1846-9 ; justice of the Superior Court, 1849-55; justice of the Supreme Court, 1855-9; chief-justice, 1859, to Aug. 1, 1861. He was one of the most eminent and profound jurists of N.E., and an early and valuable member of the N.H. Hist. Society. Vice-pres. of the N.E. Hist. Gen. Society, from 1859 till his death. Bellamy, JOSEPH, D.D. (U. of Aberdeen, 1768). Cong, minister of Bethlehem, Ct., from 1740 to his d., 6 Mar., 1790 ; b. N. Cheshire, Ct., Feb. 20, 1719. Y.C. 1735. He was one of the most learned divines of the country, was a supe rior preacher, and instructed many young men in divinity. His system of theology is similar to that of Jona. Edwards. His appearance w.ts 13 KL 82 commanding ; and he possessed great wit and humor. During the great revival of 1742, he preached in many places in N.E. and N Y. Author of " True Religion Delineated," 1750, " Theron, Paulinus, and Aspasio," 1759, and " Nature and Glory of the Gospel," 1762. His works were pub. in 3 vols., 181 1, and in 2 vols., 1850, with a Memoir by Dr. T. Edwards. Bellingham, RICHARD, gov. of Ms., of which he was an original patentee, b. in Eng. in 1592; d. Dec. 7, 1672. He was bred a lawyer; came to Amer. in 1634, and the next year was chosen dep.-gov. In 1641, he was chosen gov. in opp. to Winthrop; was re-chosen in 1654, and again in 1666, after the death of Endicott, continuing in office for the remainder of his life. He was long a prominent public man, was dcp.-gov. 13 years, and gov. 10. In 1664, he was made maj.-gen. ; and in that year the king sent four commissioners to regulate the affairs of the province, ordering Bellingham and others, who were obnoxious, to proceed to Eng., and answer the accusations against them in person ; but the Gen. Court, by the advice of the ministers, refused compliance, and main tained the charter rights. His Majesty, how ever, was appeased by the present of a shipload of masts. He was violently opposed to inno vation in religious matters, and was exceeding ly severe towards the Quakers, who affirm that he died distracted. This is rendered probable from the fact, that he suffered at times from temporary aberration of intellect. His sister Anne, widow of Wm. Hibbens, an assist., was executed as a witch in June, 1656. His will provided, that after the decease of his wife, and of his son by a former wife, and his grand daughter, the bulk of his estate should be spent for the yearly maintenance "of goodly minis ters and preachers " of the true church, which he considered to be that of the Congregation- alists. Bellomont, RICHARD COOTE, EARL, a popular colonial gov., b. 1636 ; d. N.Y., Mar. 5, 1701. His father, Richard, was raised to the peerage for services in restoring Charles II. Richard was the first of his three sons ; was in parliament in 1688, and in several succeeding ones ; but in that held by James II. at Dublin, in 1689, he was attainted, having been one of the first who went over to the Prince of Orange. He received his appointment early in May, 1695, but did not arrive in N.Y., a place then remarkably infected with the two danger ous diseases of an unlawful trade and practice of piracy, until April, 1698. He reached Bos ton, May 26, 1699. He succeeded, by affabili ty and condescension, in ingratiating himself with the people; wisely avoided all controver sies with the legisl., and thus obtained a larger sum as a salary and as a gratuity than any of his predecessors or successors. He did much to suppress piracy, and sent the notorious Capt. Kidd to England for trial, the law here being insufficient to execute criminals guilty of pira cy. Soon after the May session of the General Court in 1700, he returned to N.Y., where he died. Bellows, HENRY WHITNEY, D.D. (H.U. 1854), pastor of All Souls Church, N.Y., b. Boston, Mass., June 11, 1814. H.U. 1832; Camb. Divinity School, 1837. Ord. pastor of the First Cong. Church (All Souls ), New York, Jan. 2, 1838. He was the principal originator of the Christian Inquirer, a Unitarian newspaper of N.Y. in 1846, and its chief contrib. until the summer of 1850. He is a ready extempore speaker, and a popular lecturer, and has spoken and pub. much upon the prominent topics of the day, especially those of a social and philan thropic character. He was a contrib. to the Christian Examiner. In 1857, he delivered a course of lectures on " The Treatment of Social Diseases," before the Lowell Institute, Boston, and before the Dramatic Fund So ciety of N.Y. an address since pub., entitled " The Relation of Public Amusements to Pub lic Morality, especially of the Theatre to the Highest Interests of Humanity," N.Y., 1857. In I860, Dr. B. pub. in N.Y. " Re-statements of Christian Doctrine in 25 Sermons," and has since pub. " The Old World in its New Face." During the war for the Union, Dr. Bellows held the important post of head of the U.S. sanitary commission. In 1864, he supplied for a time the pulpit of his deceased friend Starr King, in San Francisco. Dui/ckinck. Belmont, REV. FRANCIS VACHON DE ; d. Monti-eal, 1732. Of a disting. family in Burgundy, and highly educated, he abandoned brilliant prospects at home to become a mis sionary in Canada. In 1680, he took charge of the school connected with the Iroquois Mission at Montreal, and at his own cost built a church there, of which he became pastor in 1681. From 1701 to his d., he was superior of the Seminary of Montreal. Author of a " Histoiredu Canada," printed in the Colls, of the Quebec Lit. and Hist. Soc. Callayhan. Belton, FRANCIS S., col. U.S.A., b. Md. ; d. Brgoklyn, N.Y., Sept. 10, 1861. App. 2d lieut. light dragoons, March 27, 1812; pay master, June 22, 1813; aide-de-camp to Gen. Gaines, and disting. in defence of Fort Erie ; assist.-adj.-gen. Oct. 18, 1814; assist.-insp.- gen. May, 1816; capt. 4th Inf. July, 1817; major 4th Art. Sept. 16, 1838; lieut.-col. 3d Art. Oct. 13, 1845; com. his regt. in the Val ley of Mexico ; brev. col. for gallant conduct in battles of Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847, and disting. in the capture of the city of Mexico; col. 4th Art. June 10, 1857; re tired in Aug. 1861. Army Did. Benavides (ba-na-vee-des), ALONSO DE, Franciscan friar, author of a memoir addressed to the King of Spain in 1630, concerning the temporal and spiritual affairs of New Mexico, the character of the country, and the nations inhabiting it, pub. Madrid, 4to, 53 leaves. When, in 1621, the religious establishment was erected by the provincial chapter into a Cns- todia, Benavides was elected custodian. So successful was his administration, that, in 1627, the viceroy ordered him to report thereon in person to the king. The result was the above memoir. Duyckinck. Benedict, DAVID, D.D., b. Oct. 16, 1778. Settled in the ministry in early life ; pub., in 1813, " Gen. Hist, of the Baptist Denom. in America and Other Parts of the World," 2 vols., 8vo, new and enlarged ed., N.Y. 1838 ; " Hist* tory of All Religions," 12mo, 1824 ; " Poem d& 83 livered in Taunton,"6 Sept. 1807 ; " Fifty Years among the Baptists," 1860. He preached, Oct. 10, 1870, at the age of 92, at Pawtucket, R. I. where he died, Dec. 5, 1874. Benedict, ERASTUS CORNELIUS, LL.D. (Rutg. Coll. 1865), author, b. Branford, Ct., Mar. 19, 1800. Wms. Coll. 1821. Son of Rev. Joel. T. He taught school ; was adm. to the bar in 1824 ; became a trustee of schools in New York in 1842 ; a member of the Board of Education in 1850, and pres. for several years, resigning in 1863. Since 1855, a regent of the U. of N.Y. Member of the city council in 1840, and of the legisl. in 1848 and 1864. Au thor of "American Admiralty," 1850; " A Run through Europe," 1860; "The Hymn of Hildebert, and other Mediaeval Hymns," 1868, and many pamphlets, reviews, and addresses, including " The Beginning of America," an anniversary discourse before the N.Y. Hist. Soc. in 1863. Member N. Y. senate 1872-3. Benedict, LEWIS, brev. brig.-gen. U. S. vols., b. Albany, N.Y., Sept. 2,1817; killed at the battle of Pleasant Hill, La., Apr. 9, 1864. Wms. Coll. 1837 Adm. to the Albany bar in 1841; was city atty. in 1845-6; judge advo cate, 1847; surrogate of Albany, 1848-52; member N.Y. assembly, 1860. Made lieut.- col. 73d N.Y. vols. June, 1861 ; served in the peninsular campaign, and was captured at Williamsburg, Va. After several months con finement in Libby and Salisbury Prisons, he was exchanged ; col. 162d N.Y. m Sept. 1862, and ordered to the Gulf, where he became acting brig.-gen. His bravery was conspicuous in the assault on Port Hudson, June 14, 1863, where he gained his brevet, and in the Red River campaign at Pleasant Grove, Apr. 8, and at Pleasant Hill, Apr. 9, where he com. the 3d brig., 1st div., 19th corps, and where he fell, while bravely leading a charge on the enemy. Benet, STEPHEN V., maj. U.S.A., b. Fla. West Point, 1849. Entering the ordnance dept., he was instructor in ordnance and gun nery at West Point, 1861-4; brev. maj. and lieut.-col. 13 Mar. 1865, and maj. ordnance 22 Dec. 1866. Translator from the French of Jomini of "Campaign of Waterloo," 1853; author of" Military Law and Courts-Martial," 1862. Outturn. Benezet, ANTHONY, philanthropist, b. St. Quentin, France, Jan. 31, 1713; d. Phila., May 3, 1784. His parents, who were Huguenots, were driven from France ; spent some years in London, where they became Quakers, and came to Phila. in Nov. 1731. Apprenticed to a merchant, he found that trade excited too worldly a spirit, and articled himself to a :-ooper, but in 1742 began to teach in the Trinity School, continuing to teach nearly all his life. His simplicity and benevolence made him the idol of the poor. During the Revol., and the occupation of Phila. by the British troops, he was indefatigable in alleviating the sufferings of prisoners. His writings were com posed chiefly with the view of inculcating the peaceful doctrines of the gospel in opposition to the spirit of war, to expose the flagrant injus tice of slavery, and to fix the stamp of infamy on the traffic in human blood. He was the author of " A Caution to Great Britain and her Colo nies, in a Short Representation of the Calamitou* State of the Enslaved Negroes in the British Dominions," 8vo, 1767 ; " Some Historical Ac count of Guinea, with an Inquirv into the Rise and Progress of the Slave Trade"," 1772 ; " Ob servations on the Indian Natives of this Conti nent," 1 784 ; " A Short Account of the Society of Friends," 1780; "Dissertation on the Christian Religion," 1782, and tracts against the use of ardent spirits. In 1783, he ad dressed a letter to the Queen of England, on the subject of the slave-trade, soliciting her in fluence on the side of humanity. By^his will, he left his estate, after the decease of his wife, to the African school, in which he taught the last two years of his life. There is a full and interesting memoir by Roberts Vaux, 12mo, N.Y., 1817. Benham, HENRY W., brev. maj.-iren. U.S. A., b. Cheshire, Ct., ab. 1816. West Point, 1837, first in his class. App. 1st lietit. en gineers in July, 1838; wounded at Buena Vista, Mexico, and brev. capt. 24 May, 1848; assist. U.S. coast survey, Mar. 1853, and super intended the construction of fortifications around N.Y. City; brev. col. 13 July, 1861, for Carricks Ford ; brig.-gen. vols. 13 Aug. 1861, and disting. at Rich Mountain and Cheat Mountain Pass ; at capture of Fort Pulaski, 11 Apr. 1862; com. in attack on Secessionville, S.C., 16 June, 1862; com. engineer brigade, Army of the Potomac in 1863-4 ; maj. of engineers, 6 Aug. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 3 Mar. 1863; col. 7 Mar. 1867; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for the campaign ending in Lee s surrender, and brev. maj. -gen. for gallant serv ices in the Rebellion. Engaged in the construc tion of harbor and coast defences of Boston, 1865-7. Outturn. Benjamin, JCDAH PETER, lawyer and politician, b. in St. Domingo, of Jewish par ents, in 1812. In 1816, the family emigrated to Savannah, Ga. The son entered Y. C., but left, without graduating, in 1827. He began to study law in N. Orleans in 1831, was clerk to a notary, taught school, and afterward m. Miss St. Martin, one of his pupils. Adm. to the bar in 1834, he was soon its leader in N. Or leans. A Whig in politics, he was in 1845 a member of the State Const. Conv. U.S. sena tor in 1853-61, he attained pre-eminence in the southern wing of the Democ. party. He had a sharp controversy with Jefferson Davis ; but a duel was prevented by an apology from the latter. He advocated the Kansas-Nebraska Bill in 1854, but subsequently insisted that the principle of popular sovereignty was set aside by the Dred Scott decision. Withdrawing from the senate Feb. 4, 1861, he was immedi ately app. atty.-gen. in the southern confeder acy. In Aug. 1861, he became acting sec. of war, and was sec. from Nov. 10 till after the capture of Roanoke Island, Feb. 7, 1862, which caused his resignation ; and he was app. sec. of State, to succeed R. M. T. Hunter. Mr. Benjamin was largely interested in the Tehuantepec Railroad speculation, and a par ticipant in the so-called Houmas land-grant He is at present (1871) a member of the Lon don bar. Benjamin, PARK, poet and journalist, b IBEJvT 84 Deraerara, Aug. 14, 1809; d. N. Y. City, 12 Sept. 1864. Trin. Coll., Hartford, 1829. His father, a N. Englander of Welsh descent, re sided as a merchant at Dcmerara. An illness in his youth, improperly treated, caused him a permanent lameness; and he was sent to his father s home in N. E., for medical advice, and to be educated. He studied two years at H.U., ^egan to practise law in Boston in 1832, and was one of the original editors of the New- England Mag. In 1836, he removed to N. Y. ; edited, in connection with C. F. Hoffman, the American Moni hit/ May., and subsequently the New-Yorker, with Horace Greeley. He was engaged Jan. 1840, in connection with Epes S -indent and R. W. Griswold, as editor of the New World, a cheap weekly periodical. 5 years after, he sold his interest in this journal, and was afterward a lecturer both in prose and verse. His poems have never been collected. Benner, PHILIP, pioneer iron manufac turer of the West, b. Chester Co., Pa., 1763 ; d. 29 July, 1832. He served in the Revol. ar my under his relative, Gen. Wayne. In 1792, he erected a forge in Spring township, Centre Co., and by so doing assisted in developing the mineral wealth of that district. The bor ough of Bellefonte was greatly indebted to his enterprise and liberality. He was a maj.- gen. of militia. Bennett, CALEB P., gov. of Del., and last surviving officer of the Del. regt. in the Revol. army; d. Wilmington, Del., May 7, 1836, a. 78. " He held the rank of maj., and was en gaged in the battles of Brandywine, German- town, and Monmouth. Gov. from 1833 to his death. Bennet, DAVID, physician, b. Eng., Dec. 1, 1615; d. Rowley, Ms., Feb. 4, 1719. He possessed his teeth and his senses to the age of 103. His wife was Rebecca, dau. of Roger Spencer, and sister of the wife of Sir Wrn. Phips ; and his son Spencer took that name, and was lieut.-gov. of Ms. Bennett, JAMES GORDON, founder and pro prietor of the N. T. Herald, b. Sep. 1, 1795 at New Mill Keith, in Banflfshire, Scotland. He went to a Roman-Catholic sem. at Aberdeen, intending to take orders in that church ; but, acting under a sudden impulse, he embarked for Amer. in Apr. 1819, and, arriving in Hali fax, kept school for a living. Coming to Bos ton in the autumn of 1819, he became proof reader in the pub.-house of Wells and Lilly, and wrote several poetical pieces. In 1822, he went to New York, connected himself with various papers, and became a warm partisan of the Democ. party in the columns of the New -York Courier, the National Advocate, the Inquirer, Courier and Inquirer, Neiv-York Globe, Pennsylvanian, at Phila., and in May, 1835, issued the first number of the New-York Herald, with which journal his name has since been idc-ntified. See Memoirs of J. G. Bennett and his Times, N. Y., 1855; d. June 1, 1872. Bennett, MILO LYMAN, LL. D. (D. C. 1851), jurist, b. Sharon, Ct.,1790; d. Taunton, Ms., 7 July, 1868. Yale, 1811. Litchf. Law School. Practised law in Burlington, Vt. ; Judge Vt. Sup. Court, 1839-59. Author of * Vermc nt Justice," and other legal text-books. Benson, EGBERT, LL.D., statesman and jurist, b. N. Y. City, 21 June, 1746; d. Ja- maica, L.I., Aug. 24, 1833. Col. Coll. 1765. He was a member of the Revol. committee of safety ; was a proficient in the science of plead ing ;"held a high rank in jurisprudence ; was in 1777 app. first att.-gen. of the S*tate ; was also a member of the first State legisl. of 1777 ; one of the three commissioners to superintend the embarkation of the Tories for Nova Scotia in June, 1783; delegate to the Old Congress in 1784-8; M. C. 1789-93 and 1813-15; re gent of the N. Y. U. in 1789-1802; judgo of the Supreme Court of N. Y. 1794-1801, and of the TJ. S. Circuit Court. He received literary honors from H. U. in 1808, and from Dartm. Coll. in 1811. First pres. of the N.Y. Hist. Society; author of a" Vindication of the Captors of Maj. Andre," pub. 8vo, N. Y., 1817, "Memoir on Dutch Names of Places . " 1835. Bentley, GIDEON, a Revol. soldier of remarkable longevity, b. 1751 ; d. Constantia, Oswego Co., N." Y., Jan. 1858. Bentley, WILLIAM, D.D., minister, poli tician, and scholar, b. Boston, June 22, 1759 ; d. Salem, Dec. 29, 1819. H. U. 1777, and afterwards tutor there. Ord. over the Second Church in Salem, Sept. 24, 1783. For ab. 20 years, he edited the Essex Register, a Democ. print. His knowledge was uncommonly exten sive and various. His theological discourses were marked by a good deal of freedom and oirginality, indicating Unitarian sentiments. His valuable library and cabinet he bequeathed to the coll. at Meadville, Pa., and to the Amer. Antiquarian Society at Worcester. Besides sermons, he pub. a collection of psalms and hymns, three Masonic addresses, and a Mason ic charge, and a hist, of Salem, in Hist. Colls., vol. vi. Benton, THOMAS HART, statesman, b. near Hillsborough, N.C., March 14, 1782; d. Washington, April 10, 1858. He studied some time at a grammar school, and afterwards at Chapel Hill U., but, before finishing his studies, removed to Tenn. He studied law, soon attained eminence in the profession, and served one term in the legisl., where he pro cured the passage of laws reforming the judi cial system, and giving to slaves the benefit of a jury trial. He became aide-de-camp to Gen. Jackson, with whom he contracted a close intimacy, which was Suddenly terminated by an affray with pistols and daggers, in which severe wounds were given and received, and which estranged them many years. He was col. of a Tenn. regt. from Dec. 1812 to April, 1813, and lieut.-col. 39th Inf. from 1813 to 1815. Removing in 1813 to St. Louis, he established the Missouri Inquirer, also practis ing law, and took a vigorous part in favor of the admission of Mo., notwithstanding her slav ery constitution. He was rewarded by a seat in the U. S. senate, which he held for 30 years. In this body, his energy, iron will, industry, and self-reliance placed him in the front rank. He opposed the administration of Mr. Adams, but strongly supported those of Jackson and Van Buren. Upon the U. S. Bank question, he made several elaborate speeches; and his 85 IBER opinions in favor of a specie currency procured for him the sobriquet of " Old Bullion." He was peculiarly the exponent and guardian of the interests of the West, and, by persistent ef fort, succeeded in liberalizing the policy of government in relation to the sale of public lands. The price was reduced to $1 .25 per acre ; and in time other important changes, including a homestead law, were secured. He also procured the repeal of the tax on salt, and succeeded in throwing open for sale and occupation the saline and mineral lands in the hands of the General Govt., hitherto withheld. He was the early and untiring advocate of a railroad to the Pacific, did much to open up and pro tect the trade with New Mexico, to establish military stations on the Missouri, to cultivate amicable relations with the Indians, and pro mote the commerce of our inland seas. He moved the expunging of the resolution of censure upon Gen. Jackson, and successfully carried his point. He opposed the boundary line of 54 40 , and caused the adoption of that of 49. He supported the Mexican war, op posed the Compromise Measures of 1850, think ing the fugitive-slave law clause defective and ill-judged; warmly opposed nullification, and, in 1850, was defeated for the senate by the ultra slavery men of his party. To break up the ascendency of this party, Col. Benton, in 1852, announced himself a candidate for Con gress, and was elected. Against the repeal of the Mo. Compromise, he exerted all his strength, delivering a memorable speech in the house, that did much to excite the country against the act. He was defeated in 1854 by a combination of his old opponents with the new Amer. party, and stumped the State for gov. in 1856, but failed of an election. In the presidential election of that year, he supported Buchanan in opposition to his son-in-law Fre mont. He then devoted himself to literary pursuits. His " Thirty Years View " was finished in 1854. He also pub. an abridgment of the debates of Congress from the founda tion of the government to 1856, and a review of the Dred Scott case. Col. B. was m. to Elizabeth, dau. of Col. James McDowell of Rockbridge Co., Va. Berckel, PETER I. VAN, of Rotterdam, minister from Holland to the U. S. ; d. New ark, N.J., Dec. 17, 1800, a. 76. Berkeley, GEORGE, Bishop of Cloyne, b. Kilerin, Ireland, 12 Mar. 1684; d. Oxford, Eng, 14 Jan. 1753. Trin. Coll., Dublin, Fellow, in 1707. He had disting. himself by his "Theory of Vision" (1709) and other philosophical writings, when, in 1724, he was made Dean of Deny. In 1725, he pub. "A Proposal for Converting the Aborigines of America," received from George I. a charter for a coll., and, embarking for America, arrived at Newport, R.I., 23 Jan. 1729. Finding at length that his scheme was impracticable, he reluctantly took his departure in Sept. 1731, and, in 1733, was made Bishop of Cloyne. He gave his house, and a farm of 100 acres, as a benefaction to Yale and Harvard Colleges, and gave to one of those colleges, and to sev eral missionaries, books to the value of 500. In his " Minute Philosopher," Berkeley at tacks free-thinkers with great ingenuity and effect. Berkeley, SIR WILLIAM, royal gov. of Va., 1641-77, b. near London, ab. 1610; d. Twickenham, July 13, 1677. Son of Sir Mau rice, and bro. of Lord John Berkeley of Strat- ton. He grad. M. A. at Oxford in 1629, travelled extensively in Europe in 1630, and returned an accomplished cavalier and courtier. In 1641, he was app. gov. of Va., arrived in Feb. 1642, and by some salutary measures, as well as by his prepossessing manners, soon rendered himself acceptable to the people. During the civil war in England, Berkeley took the royal side ; and Va. was the last of the possessions of England which acknowl edged the authority of Cromwell. He mani fested shrewdness as well as courage when the fleet of parliament appeared in the James River in 1751, and made terms satisfactory to both parties. Upon the death of " worthy Samuel Mathews," in 1659, Berkeley was elected to succeed him by the people. He re mained for a long time at the head of affairs, and only lost popularity by his extreme se verity toward the followers of Nathaniel Bacon, to whose rebellion his own faithlessness and obstinacy had given occasion. Many were put to death, and he was only restrained by the remonstrance of the Assembly. Charles II. is reported to have said, " The old fool has taken more lives in his naked country than I have taken for my father s murder." Through the influence of the planters, he was recalled, and d. before he could have an interview with the king. In his reply to commissioners sent to inquire into the condition of the colony, Berkeley said, " Thank God ! there are no free schools nor printing-presses ; and I hope there will be none for a hundred years; for learning has brought disobedience and heresy and sects into the world, and printing has di vulged these and other libels." He wrote two plays, and is the author of "A Description of Virginia," folio, 1663. Berkenhout, JOHN, naturalist, b. Leeds, 1730; d. April 3, 1791, at Beffelsleigh, near Oxford. M. D. of the U. of Leyden, 1765. In 1778, he was sent by the British Govt. with the commissioners to America, and was for some time imprisoned at Phila., on suspi cion of having been sent as a spy by Lord North, and of improper intrigues with the members of Congress at Phila. He was re warded, on his arrival in England, with a pen sion. He wrote some botanical and other works. Bernard, SIR FRANCIS, gov. of Ms., and benefactor of Harvard Coll., b. Nettleham Lincoln Co., Eng., 1714; d. June 16, 1779. Educated at Oxford, where he took his degree in 1736. He was a solicitor at Doctor s Commons when made gov. of N.J. in 1758. He succeed ed Pownall as gov., arriving Aug. 3, 1760 The Stamp Act and other arbitrary measures aroused the hostility of the Colonies, not only to the crown, but to its local representatives. Bernard had no talent for conciliation, and attempted to crush the spirit of freedom by causing troops to be sent to Boston. The attempt to obtain an alteration in the charter, 80 transferring the right of electing the council from the general court to the crown, though it brought upon him the indignation of the peo ple, was so pleasing to the ministry, that, on his recall in 1769, he was created a baronet. One of his last public measures -was the pro roguing of the general court in consequence of its refusal to make provision for the sup port of the British troops in Boston. He was a friend of literature, and gave a part of his library to Harv. Coll. The collection printed at Cambridge in 1761, " Pletas et Gratulatis," contains several elegiac pieces by him in Greek and Latin. In 1752, he pub. the Latin Odes of Anthony Alsop. His select letters on the trade and govt. of America, written in Boston in 1 763- 8, were pub. Lond., 1 774. His other letters, writ ten home in confidence, were pub. in 1768-9. Bernard, JOHN, actor, b. Portsmouth, Eng., 1756; d. London, Nov. 29, 1829. His first appearance was at Bristol in 1774. He was a popular comedian at the Co vent Garden Theatre, where he first app. as Archer in the " Beaux Stratagem " in 1787, and succeeded Edwin in many of his parts. After being actor and manager in various theatres, he embarked for America, where he made his d&ut as Gold finch in " Road to Ruin " at the Greenwich-st. Theatre, N.Y., June 4, 1797 ; was manager and lessee of the Boston Theatre in 1806, and remained in the U. S., as actor, and manager of various theatres, about 20 years. He took final leave of the stage at Boston in 1820, in his favorite character " Lord Ogleby," returned to Eng. with his family, and died there in poverty. In his later years, he prepared his " Retrospections of the Stage," an amusing production pub. in 1830, in which he was aided by his son William Bayle Bernard, a disting. dramatist, b. Boston, Jan. 1, 1808. Bernard, GEN. SIMON, engineer, b. Dole, France, Apr. 28, 1779 ; d. Paris, Nov. 5, 1839. Educated at the Polytechnic School under La Place, Haiiy, and others, he became one of the most disting. engineers and aides-de-camp of Napoleon. When a col., he was employed in fortifying Antwerp, and had his leg shattered in the retreat of the grand army from Leipsic. Lieut.-gen. of engineers under Napoleon, and was assist, eng., rank of brig.-gen. U.S.A., from Nov. 16, 18L6, until he resigned, Aug. 10, 1831. In 1824, he was made chief eng. of the army. Among the many admirable works executed by him in this country is Fortress Monroe at the mouth of James River, Va. Returning to France, he became aide to Louis Philippe, lieut.- gen. of engineers, and was minister of war fn 1834, and 1836-7. Berrian, WILLIAM, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1828), rector of Trinity Church, N.Y. City, 1830- 62 ; d. 7 Nov. 1862. Col. Coll. 1808. Ord. deacon, 1810 : became assist, min. of Trinity Parish in 1811. He pub. "Travels in France and Italy in 1817-18," 8vo, 1820 ; " Devotions for the Sick -Room," "Enter thy Closet," " Family and Private Prayers," " On the Communion," " Sailor s Manual," " Historical Sketch of Trinity Church, N.Y.," 8vo, 1847 ; " Recollections of Departed Friends," 12mo, 1850. Edited, with memoir, " Works of Bishop Uobart," 3 vols., 8vo, 1833. Berrien, JOHN MACPHERSON, LL.LX statesman, b. N.J., Aug. 23, 1781 ; d. Savan nah, Ga., Jan. 1, 1856. N. J. Coll. 1796. Son of Maj. John Berrien by a dau. of Capt. John Macpherson of the provincial navy. Adm. to practise at the Ga. bar at the age of 18, he attained a high reputation as a lawyer. He was solicitor of the eastern district of Ga. in 1809 ; judge from 1810 to 1821 ; State senator in 1822-3; U. S. senator, 1825-9 and 1840- 52 ; attorney-gen, of the U. S. 1829-31 ; judge of the Supreme Court of Ga. 1845. He was one of the most gifted orators and able states men in the U. S. senate. Few contemporary statesmen left a fame so free from reproach. During the War of 1812, he com. a regt. of vol. cav. He was one of the board of regents of the Smithsonian Inst. Berry, HIRAM GEORGE, maj.-gen. vols., b. Thomaston, Me., Aug. 27, 1824 ; killed in the battle of Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. He worked some years as a carpenter, was afterward successfully engaged in navigation, served in the State legisl., and was mayor of Rockland. Col. 4th Me. vols. June 4, 1861, he was in the battle of Bull Run, and took part in the siege of Yorktown. Made brig.-gen. Mar. 17, 1862, he took charge of the 3d brigade, 3 div., of Heintzelman s(3d) army corps, taking part in the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, and the peninsular campaign, June 25 to July 1, 1862. Under Kearney, he participated in the second Bull Run battle, and in that of Chan- tilly, where Kearney was killed Sept. 1. At the battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862, Berry s brigade especially disting. itself, and was complimented by Gen. Birney. Made maj.- gen. Mar. 9, 1863, dating from Nov. 29, 1862, he was placed in com. of the 2d division of the 3d (Sickles s) army corps, at the head of which he fell in the gallant repulse of the army of Gen. Lee near Chancellorsville. Berthier (beY-te -a ), Louis ALEXANDER, prince of Neufchatel, and one of Napoleon s marshals, b. Versailles, Nov. 20, 1753 ; killed Junel, 1815,atBamberg, Bavaria. Heentered the army in 1766 ; was a capt. of dragoons in 1777, and, with his brother Caesar, served in America on Rorhambeau s staff in 1780-83. He became gen. of division in 1795, was chief of Bonaparte s staff in Italy and in Egypt ; became minister of war in 1799, marshal in 1804, prince of Neufchatel in 1806, and of Wagram in 1809, maj.-gen. of the grand army in the Russian campaign in 1812, of Saxony in 1813, and of France in 1814. At the restoration of Louis 18th, he was made a peer of France, but, on the return of Napoleon, withdrew to Bam berg, where he was killed by 6 men in masks who threw him out of one of the windows of his father-in-law s palace. Bethisy (ba -te-ze), JULES JACQUES ELE- ONORE, VICOMTE DE, a French gen., b. 1747 ; d. Paris, in consequence of his wounds, at the close of 1816. He entered the navy in 1764 ; passed into the regt. of Royal Auverrjne, in which he became 2d col., and served with this corps through the American campaigns of 1779-82. He was under D Estaing at Savannah, where he received 5 severe wounds, and, while return ing home, received 2 more in a sea-fight. He BET 87 BID emigrated during the French Revol. ; made all the campaigns of the army of Conde, and was created lieut.-gen. Jan. 1, 1814. Bethune, GEORGE WASHINGTON, D.D., clergyman and author, son of Divie, b. N.Y. City, Mar. 1805; d. Florence, Italy, April 28, 1862. Dick. Coll. 1822; Princeton Theol. Sem. 1825, Entering the Presb. ministry in 1826, in 1827 he passed to that of the Dutch Ref. He settled first at Rhinebeck on the Hudson, then in Utica, in Phila. in 1834, and, in 1849-59, over a large and influential congre gation in Brooklyn, N.Y. In 1859-60, he preached a while in the Amer. Chapel at Rome, then became asso. pastorof a church in N.Y.,but was forced by ill health to return to Italy. He is the author of "Fruit of the Spirit," "Early Lost," "Early Saved/ "History of a Penitent," a vol. of " Lays of Love and Faith, and other Poems," 1847 ; " The British Female Poets," 8vo, 1848; "Commentary on the 130th Psalm," 12mo, 1847 ; " A Word to the Afflict ed ; " " Expository Lectures on the Heidel berg Catechism," 1864, and of a collection of orations, discourses, and sermons, 8vo, 1846. He was a wit, as well as a scholar, and edited, in 1847, "Walton s Complete Angler," being himself an enthusiastic fisherman. He was a sound and learned divine, an eloquent preach er, and an orator of excellent fancy and pleas ant humor. A Memoir, by A. R. Van Nest, D.D., was pub. 1867. Betts, SAMUEL ROSSITER, LL.D., jurist, b. Richmond, Ms., June 8, 1787 ; d. N. Haven, Ct., Nov. 2, 1868. Williams Coll. 1806. He studied law, and began practice in Sullivan Co., N.Y. ; was judge-advocate in the army during the War of 1812; M.C. in 1815-17; some years dist.-atty. of Orange Co., and from 1823 to 1867 was judge of the U.S. Dist. Court. To him belongs the high honor of having shaped and settled in a great degree the mari time laws of the U.S. He ranks among the ablest of Amer. jurists. Author of "Admiral ty Practice in the Courts of the U.S. for the Southern Dist. of N.Y.," 8vo, 1838. Betts, THADDEUS, a disting. lawyer, atone time lieut.-gov. of Ct., and a U.S. senator at the time of hisd. at Washington, D.C., 7 Apr. 1840, b. Norwalk, Ct. Y. C. 1807. Beveridge, JOHN, poet, b. Scotland. He had been a schoolmaster in Edinburgh, having among his pupils the blind poet Blacklock. In 1752, he came to N.E., where he remained 5 years, and became intimate with Dr. Mayhew and other leading men. In 1758, he was app. prof, of languages in the coll. and acad. of Phila. Alex. Graydon, one of his scholars, notices him in his memoirs, and shows him to have been a poor disciplinarian. In 1765, he pub. a collection of Latin poems, " Epistolce Familiares et Alia Qucedam Miscellanea" Diiycldnck. Beverley, ROBERT, historian, b. Va. ; d. there 1716. His father, Maj. Robert, clerk of the council of Va., d. 1687. Beverley s " Hist, of Virginia" was first pub. in 1705; another edition, with Gribelius s cuts, in 1722, and one with an Introduction by C. Campbell, in 855. Biard (be -aV), PETER, b. Grenoble,France, 1565; d. France, 1622. He was a Jesuit mis sionary, was for a time at Port Royal, and sub sequently at Mt. Desert, Me., where his project ed missionary colony was crushed by Argal, and wrote a "Relation de la Nouvelle France," &c. (Lyons, 1616), an account of his labors, and of the English outrage which left one of his co- workers dead on the island, and bore himself and another off as prisoners. This is the first of the valuable series of " Jesuit Relations," of which there are 41 vols. (pub. annually 1632-72). He came to Port Royal in June, 1611. In 1612, he ascended the Kennebee, and was well received by the Indians, from whom the name of the river was derived. In 161 3, he visited the settlement of St. Sauveur, on the Penobscot. Dm/ckincTc. Bifoaud (be -bo ), MICHEL, a Canadian author, b. at the Cote des Neiges, near Montre al, Jan. 20, 1782 ; d. there Aug. 3, 1857. He studied at the Coll. of St. Raphael, and, enter ing upon the career of literature, labored hard in defence of Canadian nationality and for the conservation of the French language. Besides contributing in turn to the " Aurore des Cana- das,"ihe " Bibliotheque Canadienne" the " Ma- gasin du Das Canada," " Observateur Canadien," and the " Encyclopedic Canadienne, he has written verses of much merit, the first French Hist, of Canada since the conquest, on " Arith- mel ique fil&nentaire," and edited the "Voy age de Franchere," and many other valuable little works. A few months before his death, he was engaged in translating the reports of the geol. commission. His son, F. M. U. M. BIBAUD, LL.D., also an author, b. Montreal, Nov. 1824; law prof, at the Jesuits Coll., Montreal. Among his many publications re lating to Canada are," Discours Historique sur les Races Sauvages de I Aine rique Septentrio- nale" 1846, "Les Sagamos lllustres de I Aine rique Sept." 1848, " Dictionnaire Historique des Homines lllustres du Canada et de I Ame rique," 1857, " Tableau Historique des Progres Matri- els et Intel/ ectuels du Canada," 1858, " Pantheon Canadien," 1858, &c. Morgan. Bibb, GEORGE M., jurist and senator, b. Va., 1772; d. Georgetown, D.C., Apr. 14, 1859. N.J. Coll. 1792. He studied law, and settled in Ky. ; served in the State legisl. ; was three times elected chief-justice of the State ; was in the State senate two years ; chancellor of the Chancery Court of Louisville, and sec. of the U. S. treasury under Pres. Tyler in 1844; U.S. senator," 1811-14 and 1829-35. After leaving the treasury dept., he practised law at Washington, and was an assist, in the atty.-general s office. Author of " Reports of Cases at Common Law and in Chancery in the Ky. Court of Appeals, in 1808-17;" 4 vols., 8vo, Frankfort, Ky., 1815-17. Bibb, WILLIAM WYATT, terr. gov. of Ala., 1817-19, first gov. of the State, 1819-20, b. Va., 1 Oct. 1780 ; d. near Ft. Jackson, 9 Julv, 1820. M.D. of U. of Pa. 1801. Son of Capt. Wm. Bibb. He served in both branches of the Ga. legisl., was M.C. from that State in 1806- 13, and U.S. senator, 1813-14. Thos. Bibb succeeded him as gov. in 1820-21. Biddle, CHARLES JOHN, b. Phila., 1819. N. J. Coll. 1837. Son of Nicholas. Adm. to BID 88 BOD the bar in 1840; disting. as a capt. of volti- geurs at El Molino and Chapultepec, Mexico, where he won the brev. of maj. ; wrote " The Case of Maj. Andre" in "Memoirs of the Pa. Hist. Soc.," vol. vi. Col. in the Pa. reserve corps, 1861, and M. C. 1862. Biddle, CLEMENT, col. in the Revol. army, b. Phila., May 10, 1740 ; d. there July 14, 1814. Descended from one of the Quaker settlers and proprietors of Western N. J., he continued in their society until the commencement of the Revol., when he was instrumental in forming the "Quaker" company of vols. raised in Phila. in 1775, cf which he was made an officer. In early life, he was engaged in commercial pur suits. He took an active part, as did his bro. Owen, in the early political movements of the patriots of the State ; Owen having been one of the framers of the State Constitution in 1776. July 8, 1776, he was app. by Congress deputy quartermaster- gen. of the militia of Pa. and N.J., and participated in the battles of Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. As commissary -gen. of forage under Gen. Greene, he rendered important ser vices to the army at several critical periods, particularly at Valley Forge, and was actively engaged until Sept. 1780. App. 11 Sept. 1781, quartermaster-gen, of the State. After the Federal Govt. was organized in 1787, Col. Bid- die was app. U. S. marshal of Pa. by Wash ington, his friend and correspondent. Life of Pres. Reed, vol. ii., p. 465. Biddle, EDWARD, son of Wm., and bro. of r"om. Nicholas, b. 1739; d. Baltimore, 5 Sept. 1779. He was an officer in the French war of 1 756-63 ; became eminent as a lawyer in Read ing, Pa. ; was a member and speaker of the As sembly, and was a delegate to the first Con gress in 1774-5. He was one of the foremost advocates of Independence. Biddle, HORACE P., lawyer and poet, b. Fairficld Co., O., ab. 1818. The son of an garly Ohio pioneer, he studied law, was adm. to the bar at Cincinnati in Apr. 1839, and set tled at Logansport, Ind. Pres. judge 8th Judi cial Circ. 1846-52 ; member Ind. Const. Conv. 1850. Elected sup. judge in 1857, but not com missioned. He has made some excellent translations from French and German poets ; became a contrib. to the South. Lit. Messenger in 1842, and has since contrib. to the Ladies Repos., and other periodicals. Collections of his poems have been pub. in 1850, 52, and 58, at Cincinnati. Poets and Poetry of the West. Biddle, JAMES, capt. U. S. navy, b. Phila., Feb. 18, 1783 ; d. there Oct. 1, 1848. Son of Charles, and nephew of Com. Nicholas, he was educated at the U. of Pa. ; entered the navy as a midshipman, Feb. 12, 1800. Of 7 bros.,John and Thomas served in the regular army in the War of 1812, Richard and Wm. L. served ac tively in the militia, and Nicholas in the State legisl. James was wrecked in the frigate " Phi ladelphia " off Tripoli in Oct. 1803, and was a prisoner 19 months; lieut.Feb.il, 1807. As 1st lieut. of " The Wasp," he led the boarders in the brilliant action with " The Frolic," Oct. 18, 1812 Captured by " The Poictiers," 74, and taken to Bermuda, "he was exchanged, Mar. 5, 1813 ; made master com., and given a flotilla of gunboats on the Delaware. While in com. or " The Hornet," he was blockaded in N. London, but escaped, and March 23, off the island of Tristan d Acunha, captured the British brig " Penguin," after a sharp action, in which he received a wound in the neck. April 27, he displayed his seamanship in escaping from " The Cornwallis," 74, after a chase of 4 days, during which he threw overboard his guns and equipments to lighten his ship. For his action with " The Penguin," Congress voted Capt. Biddle a gold medal ; Phila. presented him a service of plate; and other honors were bestowed upon him. Capt. Feb. 28, 1815. He afterward held special and important commands at vari ous times, in the Pacific, upon the coast of S. America, and in the W. Indies, and the Medi terranean squadron from 1830 to 1832, during which period he was a commissioner to nego tiate a treaty with the Ottoman Govt. In 1845, he ratified a treaty with China as a U. S. com missioner ; visited Japan in "The Columbus," 74; and subsequently com. the squadron cruis ing on the W. coast of Mexico during the war. From 1838 to 1842, he had charge of the naval asylum on the Schuylkill. Biddle, NICHOLAS, a, gallant naval officer, bro. of Judge Charles Biddle, b. Phila., Sept. 10, 1750; killed Mar. 7, 1778. Manifesting a partiality for the sea, he had, before the age of 14, made a voyage to Quebec. In a voyage to the West Indies in 1765, he was cast away, and for two months lived on an uninhabited island. In 1770, he went to London, and en tered the British navy. While a midshipman, he absconded from his own vessel, and entered on board " The Carcass," before the mast, in the exploring exped. of Capt. Phipps, in which Horatio Nelson also served. Returning to Phila. after the commencement of the Revol., he was app. to com. the brig " Andrea Doria," and sailed under Com. Hopkins in the success ful exped. against New Providence. After re fitting at New London, he cruised off New foundland, and in 1776 captured, among other prizes, two ships from Scotland, with 400 High land troops. App. to com. the frigate " Ran dolph," of 32 guns, he sailed from Phila. in Feb. 1777, and soon carried into Charleston 4 valuable prizes. A small fleet was now fitted out under his com., with which he cruised in the West Indies. Mar. 7, 1778, in an action with the British ship " Yarmouth " of 64 guns, Biddle was wounded; and a few minutes after wards, while he was under the hands of the sur geon, " The Randolph " blew up, and of the en tire crew, consisting of 315 men, but 4 escaped. Biddle, NICHOLAS, LL.D., financier, b. Phila., Jan. 8, 1786; d. there Feb. 27, 1844. N. J. Coll. 1801. His ancestors came over wilh Win. Penn. His father, Charles, vice-pres of Pa., d. Apr. 4, 1821, a..76. He was named for his uncle the commodore. In 1804, he went to Paris as sec to Armstrong the American min ister, and afterward filled a similar post with Monroe in London. After travelling in Eu rope, he returned to Phila. in 1807, and prac tised law. He edited the Portfolio, compiled a commercial digest, and prepared the narrative of Lewis and Clarke s exped. to the Pacific. He was in the State legisl. in 1810-11, disting. BZD 89 JBIG- hiniself by his efforts to establish a general sys tem of education, and was a senator in 1814, and an ardent supporter of the war with Eng. His report of a committee of the senate respect ing the Hartford Convention was an able State paper. A director of the U. S. Bank in 1819, and pres. from 1823 to 1836, his administration of its affairs demonstrated high ability. In 1836-9, he was pres. of the U. S. Bank of Pa. He was a zealous promoter of public improve ments and beneficent institutions. During the suspension of the payment of interest on the debt of Pa., he pub. a series of essays with .sug gestions for its liquidation, some of which were adopted by the legisl. He was pres. of the Agric. and Hort. Societies, and of the trustees of the U. of Pa. and of Girard Coll. The Bank of the U. S. and Girard Coll., Phila., evince his taste in architecture. A polished and effective speaker, he delivered an eulogium on Jefferson before the Philos. Society, and an address on the Duties of the American, before the alumni of Princeton Coll. H3 was a model man of business, a vigorous writer, and an accom plished scholar. See Memoir, by R. T. Con rad, in Amer. Port. Gallery. Biddle, RICHARD, lawyer and author, bro. of Nicholas, b. Phila., 25 Mar. 1796 ; d. Pitts- burg, Pa., 6 July, 1847. During the War of 1812, he served for the protection of Phila. He became a leader of the Pittsburg bar ; visited Eng. in 1827-30 ; occupied in historical investigations ; resumed practice on his return, and was M. C. in 1837-41. While in Eng., he pub. an expose of Capt. Basil Hall s " Travels in America." His " Life of Sebastian Cabot" (1831) brought to light new and im portant facts in the discovery of America. Biddle, MAJ. THOMAS, U. S. A., son of Charles, b. Phila., Nov. 21, 1790 ; d. St. Louis, Aug. 29, 1831. App. capt. of art. July 6, 1812; disting. at Fort George and at Stony Creek ; com. the art. at the reduction of Fort Erie ; was severely wounded in the subsequent defence of that place, and brev. maj. Aug. 15, 1814; com. a light battery at the battle of Niagara, July 25, 1814, particularly disting. himself by bringing off the field the only piece of the enemy s artillery retained by the Amer icans as a trophy of that hard-fought battle, and again wounded. Aide-de-camp to Gen. Izard, Dec. 1814, and paymaster, 1820. He was killed in a duel with Spencer Pettis, the distance, in consequence of the defective eye sight of Maj. Biddle, being 5 feet; and both were mortally wounded at the first fire. Bidwell, DANIEL D., brig. -gen. U.S. vols., b. Buffalo, N.Y., ab. 1816; killed at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864. He resigned the office of police justice in Buffalo to enter the 65th regt. as a private, and, in Sept. 1861, be came col. 49th regt. anH, during the Seven-Days battles, com. a brigade, but, after the battle of Antietam, resumed com. of his regt. He was at Fredericksburg and Chancel lorsville ; com. a brigade at Gettysburg ; and in all the battles near Petersburg and in the Shenandoah Val ley, and was made brig.-gen. in July, 1864. Biedma (be-ad -ma), Luis HERNANDEZ DE, a Sp mish officer in the army of Hcrnando de Soto in the exped. for the conquest of Fla. in 1538; wrote a "Relation de la Tsla de fa Florida" printed, in 1857, in the Collection de Varios Documentos para la Historia de la Florida." London, folio, pp. 208, with notes by Juan Baptista Munoz. Duyckinck. Bienville (bean -vel), JEAN BAPTISTS LEMOINE, SIEUR DE, colonial gov. of La., b. Montreal, Feb. 23, 1680; d. France, 1768. Son of Charles, he entered the French naval service, with his bro. Iberville, serving under him in 7 voyages. He was severely wounded in a conflict off the coast of N. E., between the French ship "Pelican, "42, Capt. Iberville, and three English men-of-war, in which " The Peli can " was victorious. When Iberville in 1698 founded a colony at the mouth of the Mpi., he took with him his two brothers, Sanvolle and Bienville. The latter explored the country around the first settlement at Biloxi, Dec. 7, 1699. Sanvolle was made gov. of La.; and Jan. 17, 1700, Bienville assisted in constructing a fort 54 miles above the mouth of the river, where he afterwards com. On San voile s death, July 22, 1 701 , Bienville took the direction of the colony, whose principal seat was now trans ferred to Mobile. May 17, 1713, Bienville was superseded by Lamotte Cadillac ; and Bienville was made lieut.-gov. De 1 Epinay super seded Cadillac, Mar. 9, 1717; and Bienville received the Cross of St. Louis. He succeeded De 1 Epinay as gov. March 9, 1718, planted the city of N. Orleans, and, May 14, took Pen- sacola from the Spaniards, placing his brother Chateauguay in command. In 1723, he trans ferred the seat of government to N. 0. Jan. 16, 1724, he was ordered to France to answer charges that had been brought against him, and was removed from office, 9 Aug. 1726. Before leaving the colony, in March, he pub. his Black Code, relating chiefly to slaves, which remained in force till after the transfer of La. to the U.jS. In 1733, Bienville was re-app. gov., and raised to the rank of lieut.-gen. In 1736, and again in 1739, he led expeds. against the Chickasaws. Bienville was soon after super seded, and May 10, 1743, departed for France, where he passed the rest of his life. Bierstadt, ALBERT, landscape-painter, b. Dusseldorf, 1829. In 1831, his parents brought him to New Bedford, where he received his school education, and first developed his artistic powers by clever sketches in crayon. In 1853- 7, he visited Europe, where he painted his " Sunshine and Shadow," which brought him into notice. Accompanying Gen. Lander s exploring exped. in 1858, he produced his great pictures, " The Kocky Mountains, Lander s Peak," " Storm in the Rocky Mountains," " The Domes of the Yosemite," " Laramie Peak," "Valley of the Yosemite," "Emi grants crossing the Plains," &c. He visited Europe again in June, 1867, to make studies for a picture of the discovery of the North River, on whose banks, near the Tappan Zee and the Palisades, he has a spacious studio. Tucker/nan. Bigelow, ERASTUS BRIGHAM, LL.D. (Amh. 1867), inventor, b. W. Boylston, Ms., Apr. 1814. His father was a cotton manufac turer. The son, before he was 1 8, had invented a hand-loom for weaving suspender-webbing, BIG- 90 BIG a machine for ranking piping-cord, and had pub. a book on stenography. He obtained a patent for an automatic loom in 1838 for weav ing counterpanes, which he improved in 1840. He also invented a loom for weaving coach- lace, and soon after turned his attention to carpet- weaving. In 1839, he produced his first power-loom for weaving 2-ply ingrain carpets. This he subsequently improved, and it is ex tensively used. In the spring of 1862, Mr. Bigelow proposed a scheme of uniform taxation throughout the U. S. by means of stamps, and the same year pub. " The Tariff Question con sidered in Regard to the Policy of Eng. and the Interests of the U.S." He is the founder of the manufacturing town of Clinton, Ms. Bigelow, GEORGE TYLER, LL.D., jurist, >. Watertown, Ms., Oct. 6, 1810. H. U. 1829. App. a judge of the Ms. Supreme Court, Nov. 21, 1850; chief-justice, Sept. 7, 1861 ; resigned, 1868; State senator, 1847-8. Bigelow, JACOB, M.D., LL.D., physician and writer, b. Sudbury, Ms., Feb. 27, 1787. H. U. 1806, and commenced practice in Boston in 1810. A skilful botanist, he pub. in 1814 the " Florula Bostoniensis" enlarged in 1840; also, in 1820, " American Medical Botany," 3 vols., 8vo, plates. He was many years "a disting. practitioner in Boston ; 20 years physician of the Ms. General Hospital, and held (1815-55) the office of prof, of materia medica and of clinical medicine in II. U. In 1816-27, he de livered lectures on the application of science to the useful arts at Cambridge, as Rumford Prof., and pub., in 1829, " Elements of Technology." One of the committee, in 1820, to form the "American Pharmacopoeia," the nomenclature of the materia medica afterwards adopted by the British colleges is due to him. He has pub. numerous medical essays and discourses ; some of them in a vol., entitled " Nature in Disease," 1854; "A Discourse on Self-limited Diseases/ delivered before the Ms. Med. Soci ety in 1835; in 1858, a " Brief Exposition of Rational Medicine, to which is prefixed the Paradise of Doctors, a Fable ; " " The Useful Arts," 2 vols., 1840; "Treatise on Materia Medica," 1822; "History of Mt. Auburn," 1860. He was the founder of Mt. Auburn Cem etery, the first of the kind in the U. S. He has occasionally contrib. to the literary period icals and reviews. A vol. of poems, entitled " Eolopoesis," has been attributed to him. He was many years pres. of the Ms. Med. Society and of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Duyckinck. Bigelow, JOHN, editor and author, b. Mai- Jen, N. Y, Nov. 25, 1817. Un.Coll.1835. He practised law in N. Y. City about 10 years. In 1840, he was literary editor of the Plebeian, in 1843-5 was a frequent contrib. to the Demo cratic Revieio, for which he wrote " Consti tutional Reform," " Executive Patronage," " The Reciprocal Influences of Civil Liberty and the Physical Sciences," " Pascal," &c. He also edited Gregg s " Commerce of the Prai ries," and other popular books of travel. An inspector of Sing-Sing Prison in 1845-8, he originated useful reforms in its discipline. In Nov. 1850, he became a partner of Bryant in the Earning Post. His "Jamaica in 1 850 " gave an accurate picture of the social and political condition of that island. He again visited the West Indies in 1854, collecting materials for a work on Hayti. He pub. a " Life of Fre mont " in 1856; Corresp. from Abroad with the Post in 1854-60; became consul at Paris in 1861, and succeeded Mr. Dayton as minister in 1864-6. He pnb. in Paris " Lcs HJtats Unis d Ame n que en 1863," giving to the French valu able information of the statistics and resources of this country, and edited " Autobiography of Franklin," 1868. Ed. N. Y. Times since 1869. Bigelow, LEWIS, lawyer, b. Worcester, Ms., ab. 1785; d. Peoria, 111., Oct. 3, 1838. Wms. Coll. 1803. He studied and practised law in Ms. ; was M. C. in 1821-3 ; and was the author of the Digest of the first 17 vols. of the Ms. Reports ; also of a Digest of Pickering s Reports, vols. 2-7, 2d ed., 8vo, Boston, 1825. He subsequently removed to 111., where he pur sued his profession, and at the time of his death was clerk of the court of Peoria Co. Bigelow, COL. TIMOTHY, b. Worcester, Aug. 12, 1739; d. there March 31, 1790. He was a blacksmith and a leading patriot; mem ber of the Prov. Congress, 1774-5 ; marched at the head of a company of minute-men to Cam bridge on hearing of the battle of Lexington ; was a maj. in Ward s Worcester regt. May 23, 1775, and in Arnold s exped., and was cap tured in the attack on Quebec, remaining a prisoner until the summer of 1776. Made col. Feb. 8, 1777 ; at the head of the 15th Ms. regt, he assisted in the capture of Burgoyne ; was at R. I., Valley Forge, and West Point. Af ter the war, he had charge of the arsenal at Springfield. He was an original grantor of Montpelier, and a benefactor of Leicester Acad. His son TIMOTHY, lawyer (H. U. 1786), many years in the Ms. legis., b. 30 Apr. 1767; d. 18 May, 1821. His dau. Katharine m. Hon. Abbott Lawrence. Bigger, SAMUEL, Whig gov. of Indiana in 1840-3, b. Warren Co., Ohio, ab. 1800; d. Fort Wayne, 1845. Athens U. He studied law at Lebanon, and commenced practice in Ind., at taining eminence in the profession. He was a representative in 1834 and 1835, and after wards judge of the Circuit Court. By his recommendation, the Indiana Hospital for the Insane was established. Bigler, WILLIAM, Dcmoc. politician, b. Shermansburg, Cumberland Co., Pa., Dec. 1814. Receiving a moderate school education, and becoming a printer, he established, and for several years carried on, the Clearjield Demo crat. In 1841, he was elected to the State convention, and was a member of the State senate, part of the time speaker, up to 1847 ; in 1852-5, he was gov. of Pa. ; subsequently be came pres. of the Phila. and Erie Railroad Co., and in 1855-61 was U. S. senator. Delegate to the Chicago convention in 1864, and to the Phila. convention of 1866. Biglow, WILLIAM, poet and schoolmaster, b. Natick, Ms., Sept. 22, 1773 ; d. Boston, Jan. 12, 1844. H. U. 1794. He taught school in Salem, and then took charge of the Latin School in Boston, preaching occasionally, and writing for periodicals. Becoming in temperate. he was obliged to retire to his home in Natick 91 He afterwards taught a village school in Maine, and was ultimately proof-reader in the Univer sity printing-office, Cambridge. His " Cheer ful Parson," and others of his songs, were very popular. In 1830, he pub. a history of Natick, and one of Sherburne, Ms. ; " The Youth s Library/ 1808; " Introd. to the Making of Latin," 1809 ; " Education, a Poem," delivered at Cambridge, 18 July, 1799. His best writ ings were in the Village Messenger of Amherst, N.H., which he edited in 1796, the Federal Orrery, and Ms. Magazine. Billings, ELKANAH, F.R.G.S., Canadian geologist, b. Gloucester, Canada, May 5, 1820. His father, a native of Ms., settled, after the Revol., near Brockville. He was adm. to the bar in 1845, and practised in Ottawa, but, since 1856, has been paleontologist of the geological survey of Canada. Besides contributions to papers and scientific journals, he has pub. val uable memoirs of the third and fourth decades of the geol. survey of Canada, and in 1856 edited the Canadian Naturalist, to which he has since contrib. Morgan. Billings, JOSEPH, an English navigator in the Russian service. He accompanied Cook in his last voyage, and took charge of the astro nomical department. In 1785, he. entered the service of Catharine II., who sent him on a voyage of discovery " to complete the knowl edge of the seas situated between Siberia and the continent of Amer." He set out overland in Oct. 1785, put to sea from Kolyma in 1787, visited and examined many island s of the N.W. coast; in July, 1790, penetrated Prince Wm. s Sound, where Cook had been in 1778 ; and re turned to Kamtschatkain 1791. An account of his voyage was pub. in London in 1802. Billings, WILLIAM, the first Amer. musical composer, b. Boston, Oct. 7, 1746; d. there Sept. 26, 1800. By trade a tanner. A love of music led him, while still young, to become a teacher of singing and a composer of psalm- tunes, which became highly popular; among them that called "Jordan " is well known ; He pub. 6 collections, which, with a few exceptions, were of his own composition. They were founded upon the new style of church-rnusic, and caused a revolution in musical taste in N.E. Billings s patriotic songs were in vogue among the N.E. troops of the Revol. army. He was the first teacher of singing in this country, introduced the first musical concerts, the first instrument the bass-viol as an accompa niment, formed the first choirs to unite in sing ing in churches, and kept the first music-store in Boston. His " Psalm-singers Amusements " became very popular. Bingham, CALEB, teacher and bookseller, b. Salisbury, Ct., 1757; d. Boston, Apr. 27, 1817. D. C. 1782. He was preceptor of Moore s Acad., and was many years a teacher in Boston. He next kept a large book-shop in Cornhill, Boston, and was for several years a director of the State Prison, in which capacity he exerted himself for the mental improve ment of the younger criminals. He pub. " The Hunters," "Young Lady s Accidence," 1789, " Epistolary Correspondence," " Historical Grammar," 1802, "The Columbian Orator," " Amer. Preceptor/ "Child s Companion," and the " Geographical Catechism." Of the Amer. Preceptor, 64 editions, or 640,000, were sold. Bingham, JOHN A., lawyer and politician, b. Pa., 1815 ; spent two years in Franklin Coll., O. ; adm. to the Ohio bar in 1840; State atty. for Tuscarawas Co., 1845-9; M.C. 1855-63 and 1865-71 ; judge-advocate of the army, 1864; solicitor Court of Claims, Aug. 1864; assist, judge-advocate in the trial of the con spirators for the murder of Pres. Lincoln in May, 1865 ; delegate to the Phila. conven tion of 1866, and one of the managers of the impeachment-trial of Pres. Johnson in 1868. Bingham, KINSLEY S., statesman, b. Camillus, Onondago Co., N.Y., Dec. 16, 1808 ; d. Green Oak, Livingston Co., Mich., Oct. 5, 1861. He received an academic education, be came a clerk in a lawyer s office, emigrated to Mich, in 1833, and settled upon a farm; was a member of the legisl. in 1835-42; three years its speaker; M.C. from 1849 to 1851 ; was gov. of Mich, from 1855 to 1859, and U.S. senator from 1859 till his decease. He had also held the offices of postmaster, supervisor, prosec.- atty., judge of probate, and brig.-gen. of militia. Bingham, WILLIAM., statesman, b. Phila., 1751 ; d. Bath, Eng., Feb. 7, 1804. Phila. Coll. 1768. In 1771, he was consul at St. Pierre,W.I. During the Revol., he was Amer. agent at Mar tinique; was delegate to Congress in 1787-8, and U.S. senator from 1795 to 1801. In 1780, he m. Anne Willing of Phila., a lady of great beauty and accomplishments, and the centre of fashionable society in Phila. She d. May 1 1 , 1801, a. 37. A dau. m. a son of Sir Francis Baring. Bingham was a man of great wealth and aristocratic hauteur. He pub., in 1784, " A Letter from an American on the Subject of the Restraining Proclamation," "Description of Certain Tracts of Land in the Dist. of Maine," 1793. Binney, AMOS, naturalist, b. Boston, 18 Oct. 1803; d. Rome, Italy, 18 Feb. 1847. Brown U. 1821. M.D. 1826. He was a success ful merchant, but, devoting his leisure to natu ral science, was a founder of the Boston Society of Natural History, and its pres. in 1 843-7, and was active in establishing the Amer. Asso. of Geologists and Naturalists. As a member of the legisl. of Ms., he was instrumental in pro curing zoological and botanical commissions, which resulted in the important volumes of Harris, Emerson, Storer, and Gould. He gave many years study to the mollusks of the U.S., and fitted out several expeds. to Florida, Texas, and other places, to collect materials. His "Terrestrial Mollusks of the U.S." was pub. 1851-7, in 3 vols., 8vo. Many of his papers are pub. in the " Proceedings " of the Soc. of Nat. Hist. Binney, RT. REV. HIBBERT, Prot.-Epis. bishop of Nova Scotia, consec. 4th bishop, 1851, b. Nova Scotia, 1819 ; educated at King s Coll., London, and at Oxford, where he grad. 1842. Binney, HORACE, LL.D. (H. U. 1827), lawyer of Phila., b. 4 Jan. 1780. H. U. 1797. Son of Dr. Barnabas, surgeon Revol. army. Adm. to the bar in 1800, he attained high dis tinction in the profession. Member of the 92 BIS Pa. legisl. in 1806-7 ; an opponent of the ad ministration of Jackson, and a leading member of Congress in 1833-5, and an early and active ar.tislavery man. Many years a director in the U.S. Bank, and one of the trustees in wind ing up its affairs. One of his most successful efforts at the bar was his defence of the city of Phila. against the heirs of Stephen Girard. Author of " Reports of Sup. Ct. of Pa., 1799- 1814," 6 vols., 1809-15 ; Eulogiums on Chief- Justices Tilghman and Marshall, 1827 and 1836; d. Phila. Aug. 12, 1875. Binns, JOHN, journalist, b. Dublin, Ire land, Dec. 22, 1772 ; d. Phila., June 16, 1860. He received a good education, but, becoming involved in the revol. movements in Ireland, was arrested, and for two years imprisoned, for his alleged political offences. Soon after his release in 1801, he came to Baltimore with his brother Benjamin, and commenced at Northumberland, Pa., in March, 1802, the Republican Argus, which gave him great in fluence with the Democ. party. From 1807 until Nov. 1829, he conducted, at Phila., the Democratic Press, the leading paper in the State, until, in 1824, it opposed the election of Jack son. He was for 20 years an alderman of Phila. In 1854, he pub. an Autobiography, entitled " Recollections of the Life of John Binns ; 29 Years in Europe, and 53 in the U.S.," " Binns s Magistrate s Manual," 8vo, 1850. Birch, THOMAS, artist, b. London ab. 1779; d. Phila., Jan. 14, 1851. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1793, established himself in Phila. about 1800, and commenced the paint ing of profiles. A visit to the capes of Del. in 1807 turned his attention to marine views, in the delineation of which he acquired a high reputation. During the War of 1812, he ex ecuted a series of historical paintings, repre senting the naval victories of the U.S. He also painted many landscapes, which are highly prized, particularly those representing snow- scenes. Blake. Bird, ROBERT MONTGOMERY, M.D., novelist, b. Newcastle, Del., 1803 ; d. Phila., Jan. 22, 1854. He was educated in Phila. for the medical profession, but early turned his attention to literature ; contrib. to the Monthly Magazine of Phila., and wrote three tragedies, " The Gladiator," " Oraloosa," and " The Bro ker of Bogota; " all of which have been popular on the stage, especially the former, the princi pal character of which is one of the favorite personations of Edwin Forrest. His first novel, " Calavar," appeared in 1834, and was suc ceeded by " The Infidel," 1835 ; " The Hawks of Hawk Hollow;" "Nick of the Woods," 1837 (scene in Ky. ab.the close of the Revol.) ; Peter Pilgrim," 1838; and "Robin Day," 1839. They are marked by picturesqueness of description, and an animated narration. In 1839, Dr. Bird retired to his native village, but, for a few years previous to his death, edited the North-Amer. Gazette at Phila., of which he became a proprietor. Birdseye, NATHAN, remarkable for lon gevity, b. Stratford, Ct., 19 Aug. 1714 ; d. June 28, 1818. Y.C. 1736 He was settled pastor at West Eiven from 1742 to 1758, and preached occasionally in his latter years, once at Strut ford, when he was more than 100 years old At his death, he left 206 descendants. Spraque. Birkbeck, MORRIS, traveller and author, b. Eng. ; drowned in returning from a visit to Robert Owen at Harmony in 1825. Having purchased 16,000 acres of land in 111., he founded the town of New Albion, and resided there. When the State was organized in 1818, he oppposed the introduction of slavery into it. Author of "Notes on a Journey through France," 8vo, 1815, and "Notes on a Journey in America," 8vo, 1818 (in which he gave flattering accounts of Illinois), and "Letters from Illinois," 1818. Birney, DAVID BELL, maj.-gen. vols., b. Huntsville, Ala., May 29, 1825; d. Phila., Oct. 18, 1864. In youth, he removed to Cincinnati with his father, J. G. Birney, and studied law, but, before beginning practice, was engaged in business in Michigan. In 1848, he removed to Phila., where he practised law. He raised the 23d Pa. Vols. in May, 1861 ; was made brig.-gen.^Feb. 3, 1862; was disting. at York- town, Williamsburg, and the battles before Richmond, and especially in the second battle of Bull Run, Aug. 29, 1862, also at Freder- icksburg and at Chancellorsville, and aided in cheeking the advance of Jackson s troops after the panic in the llth corps. After the death of Berry, he took com. of his division (maj.- gen. May 23, 1863), led it at Gettysburg; and com. the corps after Gen. Sickles was wound ed. In all the operations of Gen. Grant in Va. in 1864, his bravery and skill were conspicuous. July 23, 1864, he received com. of the 10th corps. He died of malarious fever, contracted in the service. Birney, JAMES G. antislavery politician, b. Danville, Ky., 4 Feb. 1792 ; d. Eagleswood, N.J., 24 Nov. 1857. N. J. Coll. 1812. He studied law in the office of A. J. Dallas, Phila. ; began practice in Ky. in 1814, and at 22 was a member of the legisl. In 1825, he became a planter in Ala., served in the legisl., and prac tised law at Huntsville. Removing to Ky., he, in 1834, emancipated his slaves, and, being un able to find there a printer for an antislavery paper, established one in Ohio at great personal risk. About 1836, he went to New York as secretary of the Amer. Antislavery Society, and labored to build a political party upon that sole issue. In 1840, he took part in the anti- slavery movements in Eng. In 1844, he was the candidate of the Liberty party, for Pres., one result of which was the defeat of Henry Clay, the candidate of the Whig party. Fa ther of Gen. D. B. Birney. Biscaccianti, ELIZA (OSTINELLI), b. Boston, 1825, a distinguished vocalist. Louis Ostinclli, her father, leader of the orchestra in the principal cities, and a talented musician, m. in Apr. 1822, the dau. of Mr. Hewett, a celebrated musical composer of Boston. Eliza went to Italy in 1843, studied under the best masters, was m. to Signor Biscaccianti, also a musician, and in May, 1847, made her first appearance at Milan, with complete success. She made her debut in America at the Astor Place Opera House, in Feb. 1848, and in BIS Phila., Mar. 1, 1848, at the Chestnut-st. thea tre, as "Lucia." Sung in the principal cities with great applause, and became an especial favorite in California. Bishop, ABRAHAM, a political writer, b. New Haven, 1763 ; d. there Apr. 28, 1844. Y. C. 1778. He was an active politician, and for more than 20 years was collector of the port of New Haven. He pub. orations, and " Proofs of a Conspiracy," 1802. Bishop, MADAME ANNA, n& Reviere, a celebrated singer, b. London, 1816 ; educated at the Royal Acad. of Music, London ; made her dbut at a concert given by M. Bochsa, July 5, 1839, and won a triumphant success. She sang in most of the principal cities of Eu rope and the U. S., where she made her debut at the Walnut-st. theatre, Phila., Nov. 22, 1847, as " Nonna." Author of " Travels in Mex ico in 1849," Phila., 1855. Her husband, H. Bishop, d. Apr. 30, 1855. Apr. 30, 1858, she m. Martin Shultz. Bishop, GEORGE, a Quaker writer, joined the sect in 1654, and, between 1600 and 1668, pub. several works on their doctrines. He pub., in 1661, "New England judged, being a Brief Relation of the Sufferings of the Quakers in that part of Amer. from the Beginning of the 5th Month, 1656, to the Endof the 10th Month, 1 660," &c. A second part appeared in 1 667; and both were reprinted in 1703, with " An Answer to Cotton Mather s Abuses," by John Whiting, with an Appendix. Bishop, JOEL PRENTISS, b. Volney, Oswe- go Co., N. Y., 1814, author of " Commenta ries on the Law of Marriage and Divorce," 2 vols., 8vo, 1 856 ; " Criminal Law," 2 vols., 8vo, Boston, 1858; "Thoughts for the Times," 1863 ; " Secession and Slavery," 1864 ; " Com- mentai ies on Criminal Procedure," 2 vols., 1866 ; " First Book of the Law," 1868. Bishop, ROBERT HAMILTON, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1825), Presb. divine and scholar, b. near Edinburgh, Scotland, 26 July, 1777 ; d. College Hill, O., 29 Apr. 1855. U. of Edinb. 1797. He came in 1801, at the solicitation of Dr. Ma son, to N.Y. ; preached there a while; was ord. a missionary to the north-west territory, and ar rived at Chillicothe in 1802. Prof, in Transylv. Univ. 1804-24; pres. of Miami Coll. 1825-41; prof. hist, and polit. science until 1844, and subsequently prof, of hist, and polit. economy in the Farmer s Coll. near Cincinnati, 0. He was a warm friend of Henry Clay. Author of "Sermons," 1808; "Memoirs of David Rice," 1824; "Elements of Logic," 1833; " Philosophy of the Bible," 1833 ; " Science of Government," 1839 ; " Western Peacemaker," 1839, besides sermons, addresses, &c. Sprarjm. Bissell, CLARK, LL.D. (Y. C. 1847), ju rist and statesman, b. Lebanon, Ct., 1782; d. Norwalk, Ct., Sept. 15, 1857. Yale Coll. 1806. He was a lawyer, and, during most of his life, resided at Norwalk. Judge of the Su preme Court of Ct. in 1829-39, gov. of Ct. in 1847-9, and was Kent Prof, of law in Y.C. in 1847-55. Bissell, GEN. DANIEL, U. S. A., d. St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 14, 1833. App. cadet from Ct., Sept. 1791 ; ensign 1st Inf. Apr. 11, 1792; Ueut. Jan. 1794; capt. Jan. 1799; lieut.-col. Aug. 18, 1808; col. 5th Inf. Aug. 15, 1812; brig.-gen. Mar. 9, 1814 ; com. in successful af fair at Lyons Creek, U.C., Oct. 19 1814 ; May, 1815, col. 1st Inf. with brev. of brig.-gen.; col. 2d Art. Jan. 16, 1826. Gardner. Bissell, SIMON B.,commo. U.S.N., b. Vt., Oct. 28, 1808. Midshipm. Nov. 6, 1824 ; lieut. Dec. 9, 1837; commander, Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commodore, Oct. 19, 1866. Attached to the sloop " Albany," during the war with Mexico ; present at the siege of VeraCruz, and stationed at the naval battery ; com. sloop " Cyane," Pacific squad., 1861-2; navy-yard, Man Island, Cal., 1863-4 ; sloop of war""Monongahela," N. A. squad., 1866-7. Hamersly. Bissell, WILLIAM H., statesman, b. Coop- erstown, N.Y., Apr. 25, 1811 ; d. Mar. 18, 1860. Phila. Med. Coll. 1835. He was self-educated, attending school in summer, and teaching in the winter; practised medicine 2 ycais in Steuben Co., N. Y., and 3 years in Monroe Co., 111. Chosen to the 111. legisl. in 1840, he disting. himself as a forcible and ready debat er ; studied law, and practised successfully in Belleville, St. Clair Co. ; became prosec.-atty. in 1844 ; col. of the 2d 111. Vols. in the Mexi can war, and disting. at Buena Vista ; M. C. in 1849-55, and gov. of 111. in 1857-60. He separated from the Democ. party upon the pas sage of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and was chosen gov. as a Republican. Black, JEREMIAH S., lawyer, b. in the Glades, Somerset Co., Pa., June 10, 1810. Adm. to the bar in 1830, he was, in Apr. 1842, app. pres. judge of the judicial district in which he lived; was in 1851 elected to the bench of the Supreme Court, and made chief-justice; was re-elected in 1854, and, Mar. 5, 1857, received from Pres. Buchanan the app. of atty.-gen. Appearing in behalf of government in a dis puted land-claim from California, he achieved a great success, at once establishing his repu tation as a jurist. U. S. sec. of State from Dec. 1860, to Mar. 1861. Blackburn, GIDEON, D.D. (Gen. Coll. 1818), an eloquent Presb. clergyman, b. Au gusta Co., Va., 27 Aug. 1772; d. Carlinville, 111., Aug. 23, 1838. Educated at Martin Acad., Washington Co., Tenn. Licensed to preach by Abingdon presbytery, 1795, and settled many years at Marysvi lie, Tenn. Minister of Frank lin, Tenn., 1811-23, and of Louisville, Ky., 1823-7. He passed the last 40 years of his life in the Western States, laboring zealously in preaching, organizing churches, and during apart of each year, from 1803 to 1809, in his mission to the Cherokees, establishing a school at Hywassee. He set up a school in Tenn. in 1806. Pres. of Centre Coll., Ky., 1827-30. Sprague. Blackford, ISAAC NEWTON, jurist, b. Bound Brook, NJ., Nov. 6, 1786; d. Wash ington, D.C., Dec. 31, 1859. N. J. Coll. 1806. Completing his legal studies under Gabriel Ford of Morristown, N. J., he in 1812 re moved to Ind., and settled in Vincennes ; be came clerk of the territorial legisl., in 1813 ; judge of the irst judicial circuit, 1814-15 ; speaker of the first State legisl. 1816 ; judge of the Supreme Court of Ind., 1819-35 ; and a 94 judge of the U.S. Court of Claims, from Mar. 1855 until his death. His reports, of which there are 8 vols., gave great credit to the State abroad. A 7 . E. II. $ G. Rey. xvii. 174. Black Hawk (Ma-ka-tae-mish-kia-kiak), a noted chief of the Sac and Fox tribes of Indians, though by birth a Potawatomie, b. Kaskaskia, 111., 1767; d. at his camp on the River Des Moines, Oct. 3, 1838. At 1 5, he was ranked with the braves, and became a success ful leader in expeditions against the Osage and Cherokee tribes. About 1 788, he succeeded as head chief of the Sacs, his father, who had been killed by a Cherokee. Moved by the exhor tations of the Shawnee Prophet (brother of Te- cumseh) and by the presents of British agents, Black Hawk, with the title of gen., joined the British, with 500 warriors, during the War of 1812. A repulse in a battle near Detroit, and an unsuccessful attack on a fort, surprised and disgusted the red men, who soon tired of the service. Bv a treaty made at Prairie du Chien, July 15, 1830, and signed by chiefs of various tribes, among them Keokuk, chief of a party of Sacs, their lands east of the Mississippi became the property of the whites. Their re moval west was opposed by Black Hawk, but, June 25, 1831, a force under Gen. Gaines com pelled them to depart ; and, after a brief conflict in the following spring, the Indians were com pletely defeated at the River Bad Axe, Aug. 2, by Gen. Atkinson, and the surrender of Black Hawk took place on the 27th. Black Hawk, with his two sons and seven other head war riors, were detained as hostages; were taken through the principal eastern cities ; and were confined in Fortress Monroe until June 5, 1833, when they were released, and returned to their tribe. An account of his life, taken from his own lips, was pub. by J. B. Patterson, 1834. Blackhoof, a chief of the Shawanese tribe of Indians; d. Wapagh Konnetta, Oct. 1, 1831, aged 1 14 years. He was at St.Clair s, Harmar s, and Crawford s defeats, and was, perhaps, the last survivor of those who were concerned in Braddock s defeat. Blackstone, WILLIAM, the first white settler of Boston ; d. Rehoboth, May 26, 1675. He is supposed to have been a graduate of EmanuelColl., Cambridge, in 161 7, A.M., 1621, and to have been a clergyman of the Church of Eng. He settled at Shawmut, the Indian name of Boston, ab. 1 623; not liking his Puritan neigh bors, he sold out to them in April, 1633, and removed to Rehoboth, R.I. A small round eminence west of his house there is called Study Hill, from its being his place of retire ment for study. In 1659, he m. Mary, widow of John Stevenson of Boston. See Mass. Hist. Coll. 2d. ser., vol. x. Blackwell, ELIZABETH, the first woman who received the degree of M.D. in the U.S., b. Bristol, Eng., 1821 ; came to N.Y. with her father in 1831 ; emigrated to Cincinnati in 1837, and taught school there several years. She studied medicine at Charleston, S.C., while teaching music ; at Phila. ; and finally took the degree of M.D. at the Medical School of Geneva, N Y., in Jan. 1849, after making ap plication unsuccessfully at the schools of Phila., N. Y., ar 1 Boston. She also pursued a course of clinical study in Blockley Hospital, Phila, After 6 mos. study and practice of midwifery in the Maternitg at Paris, she was adm. as a physician, to walk the Hospital of St. Barthol omew in London, where she could not have been a student. After passing a year there, she returned to N.Y. City, where she has since practised her profession with success. In 1859, she again visited Europe, and gave a course of medical lectures in London. In 1854, with her sister Emily, she opened the New-York Infirm ary for Women and Children. She pub. " The Laws of Life," 12 mo, 1852. Her sister ANNA is a poetess of merit; and EMILY, another sister, has also obtained a medical diploma. Elaine, JAMES GILLESPIE, speaker 41st and 42d Congresses, b. Washington Co., Pa., 31 Jan. 1830. Wash. Coll. 1847. His grand father, Col. Eph. Blaine, commis.-gen of the middle dept. in the Revol. War ; d. Carlisle, Pa., in Mar. 1804, a. 63. He was a teacher in the South ; settled in Maine about 1851 ; engaged in journalism ; edited the Kennebec Journal in 1852-8, and the- Portland Daily Advertiser in 1858-61. Member Me. legisl. 1857-62; two years speaker of the house, and M.C. since 1863. Blair, AUSTIN, gov. of Mich., 1861-5, b. Caroline, Tompkins Co., N.Y., 8 Feb. 1818. Union Coll. 1839. Studied law; removed to Mich. ; was county clerk of Eaton Co. ; prosec.- atty. of Jackson Co.; member of the legisl. and of the State senate, and, as gov. of the State, took an active part in putting down the Rebel lion. M.C. 1866-72. Resides at Jackson. Blair, FRANCIS PRESTON, journalist and politician, b. Abingdon, Va., Apr. 12, 1791. James Blair, his father, removed to Ky. about 1800, and became atty.-gen. The son grad. at Transyl. U. ; studied law, but, from ill health and lack of voice, never engaged in practice. Early a politician, he supported his friend, Mr. Clay, for the Presidency in 1824, but became politi cally estranged from him during the administra tion of J. Q. Adams. An article in a Ky. newspaper, against the nullification movement, procured him an invitation from Gen. Jackson to remove to Washington, and edit a Democ. journal to be established there. The Globe was commenced in 1830, powerfully sustaining the policy of the administration, especially in relation to the U. S. Bank and nullification ; and the intimate relations which then sprung up between Mr. Blair and the pres. subsisted till the latter s death. Mr. Blair retained the control of the Globe until the accession of Polk in 1845. He afterward successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits at Silver Spring, Mont gomery Co., Md. He withdrew from the Democ. party in 1848; took a prominent part in the organization of the Republican party after the repeal of the Mo. Compromise, and in the attempt, in 1856, to elect Col. Fremont to the Presidency. Was master of an easy and vigor ous style; d. Silver Springs, Md., Oct. 18, 1876. Blair, FRANCIS PRESTON, jun., soldier and politician, son of the preceding, b. Lexington, Ky., 19 Feb. 1821. N. J. Coll. 1841. Set tled as a lawyer in St. Louis. In 1845, he made a journey to the Rocky Mountains for his health ; served as a private in the Mexican 95 war, and, in 1847, resumed practice at St. Louis. He supported the Freesoil party in 1848; was elected to the legisl. in 1852, and was a member of Congress in 1856-60, propos ing in a ipeech in 1857 to colonize the blacks of the U.S. in Central America. He was at one time editor of the Missouri Democrat. Col. of vols. in 1861, brig.-gen. 7 Aug. 1862, and maj.- gen. 29 Nov. 1862. He com. a division in the Vicksburg campaign, and the 17th corps in the army of the Tennessee in Sherman s cam paigns from Chattanooga to Atlanta in 1864, and in S. and N. Carolina in Mar. 1865 ; elect ed to the 38th Congress, he resigned to take his position in the army ; app. collector of customs in St. Louis in 1866, and commissioner for the Pacific Railroad. U.S. senator from Missouri, 1870-73; d. St. Louis, July 9, 1875. Blair, JAMES, divine and scholar, b. Scot land, about 1660 ; d. Williamsburg, Va., Aug. 1, 1743. Not succeeding as a Pr.-Ep. clergy man in Scotland, he went to London, and, in 16S5, was sent as a missionary to Va. His zeal and ability procured him, in 1689, the high office of commissary. Having raised by sub scription 2,500, and procured a patent for the erection of William and Mary Coll. in 1693, he was its first pres ., and held the office 50 years. He was rector of Williamsburg from 1711. He was also pres. of the council of Va. In 1727, he assisted in compiling " The State of His Majesty s Colony in Va.," by Hartwell, Blair, and Chilton ; " Sermons and Discourses," 4 vols., 8vo., Lond., 1742. He left his library and 500 to the coll. Blair, JOHN, statesman and judge, b. Wil liamsburg, Va., 1689; d. there Nov. 5, 1771. Nephew of Pres. Blair. Member of the house of burgesses as early as 1736. By his efficient services, he qualified himself for the position of pres. of the council of Va., and of acting gov. of Va. in 1757-8 and 1768. In a letter to the atty. of Spottsylvania, while acting gov., he manifested a spirit of toleration as rare at that day as it was creditable. Blair, JOHN, jurist, b. Williamsburg, 1732 ; d. there Aug. 31, 1800. Wm. and Mary Coll. He studied law at the Temple, London ; soon rose to the first rank as a lawyer ; was a mem ber of the legisl. as early as 1765, and, on the dissolution of the house in 1769, he, with Washington and other patriots, met at the Raleigh Tavern, and drafted the non-importa tion agreement. He was one of the committee, which in June, 1776, drew up the plan for the govt. of the State ; was elected to the council, and, on the establishment of the judiciary in 1777, was elected a judge of the Court of ^Ap peals; then chief-justice, and, in 1780, a judge of the High Court of Chancery. A delegate to the Phila. convention to revise the articles of confederation, he supported the " Virginia Plan," and with Washington and Madison alone, of all the Va. delegates, voted for the adoption of the Federal Constitution, and also for its ratification in the State convention. In Sept. 1789, Washington app. him a judge of the U.S. Supreme Court. He was discing, for his private virtues no less than for his public services. He resigned his seat on the supreme bench in 1796. Blair, MONTGOMERY, statesman, b. Frank lin Co., Ky., May 10, 1813. West Point, 1835. Son of Francis P. Entering the 2d Art., he served in the Florida war ; resigned May 20, 1836 ; studied law, and began practice in St. Louis in 1837. He was U.S. dist.-atty. for Mo in 1839-43, and was judge of the C.C.P. in 1843-49. In 1842, he was also mayor of St. Louis. In 1852, ho removed to Md., and, from Mar. 1861 to 23 Sept. 1864, was U.S. post master-gen. Before the repeal of the Mo. Com promise, he had been a Democ., but afterward attached himself to the Repub. party, and was removed by Pres. Buchanan from tlie office of solicitor to the Court of Claims, to which he had been app. by Pres. Pierce, and in 1860 he presided over the Repub. State convention of Md. In the famous Dred Scott case, he was counsel for the plaintiff. Brother of F. P. Blair, jun. Counsellor at law, Montgom. Co. Md., since 1863. Blair, SAMUEL, Presb. minister and edu cator, b. Ulster, Ireland, June 14, 1712; d. July 5, 1751. He came to Pa. while young; was educated at Tennent s Acad. at Nesha- miny ; settled as a preacher in Shrewsbury, N.J., in May, 1734, and, in 1740, established an acad. at Fogg s Manor, Chester Co., Pa., and took pastoral charge of the church at that place. He pub., in 1744, " A Narrative of a Revival of Religion in Several Parts of Pa." A vol. of his writings, pub. in Phila., 1754, contains an elegy by Samuel Davies, one of his scholars. JOHN, his bro., prof, of divinity at N. J. Coll. 1767-9, d. Dec. 8,1771. He pub. a few sermons. Blair, SAMUEL, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1790), son of the preceding, b. Fogg s Manor, Pa., 1741; d. Germantown, Pa., Sept. 24, 1818., N.J. Coll. 1760. Tutor at Princeton, 1761-4 ; settled as colleague of Dr. Sewall over the Old South Church, Boston, Nov. 26, 1766, having been ordained as a Presb. in 1764. Chosen pres. of N.J. Coll. 1767, declined. Dismissed from Old South, Oct. 10, 1769, on account of ill health and theol. differences. Returned to Phila. in consequence of loss of voice and impaired health, resulting from shipwreck be tween Boston and Phila. He was the principal founder of the Eng. Presb. Church, German- town ; was often a member of the Pa. As sembly ; was 2 years chaplain to the Continen tal Congress, and m., in 1769, a dau. of Dr. Shippen of Phila. He pub. an oration on the death of George II., 1761. Blake, GEORGE A. H., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A.,b. Pa. ; 1st lieut. 2d Dragoons, June 11, 1836; in actions with the Seminoles at Fort Mellen and Jupiter Inlet in 1841 ; capt. Dec. 1839 ; engaged at Cerro Gordo, Puebla, Con- treras, Molino del Rey, Chapultepec, and City of Mexico, in the Mexican war, 1846-7 ; brev. maj. for gallant and meritorious conduct at St. Augustine, Mex. ; maj. 1st Drags., July, 1850, and served against the Apache and Navajo In dians; lieut.-col. 1st U.S.cav. May, 1861 ; col. Feb. 15, 1862; slightly wounded at Gaines s Mill, Jan. 1862 ; present at the actions at Aldie, Middletown, Upperville, and at Gettysburg, for which brev. brig.-gen. Blake, GEORGE SMITH, commo. U S.N., 9G b. Worcester, Ms., 1803 ; d.Longwood, Ms., 24 June, 1871. Son of Francis Blake, a disting. lawyer of Worcester. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1818 ; lieut.Mar.31,1827 ; cruised in "The Grampus" on the W. I. station for the suppression of piracy ; was employed in 1 832 on a special survey of Narragansett Bay; from 1835 to 1846/on the coast survey, and in 1846, when the Mexican war broke out, com. the 10-gun brig " Perry." While cruising off Cuba, he encountered" the great hurricane of that year. " The Perry " was wrecked on the coast of Fla., but was got off, and taken to Phila. under jury-inasts. He was made commander, Feb. 27,*1847, and attached to the bureau of con struction and equipment. He was employed on special duty connected with the Stevens Bat tery. Sept. 14, 1855, he was made capt., and, in 1857-65, was supt. of the U. S. naval acad. Soon after the civil war broke out, the acad. was removed to Newport. On the re-organiza tion of the navy, July 16, 1862, Capt. Blake was promoted to be commodore. Light-house inspector, 1866-9. Blake, JOHN LAURIS, D.D., author, b. Northwood, N.H., Dec. 21, 1788; d. Orange, N.J., July 6, 1857. B. U. 1812. Manifesting a taste for mechanics, he was apprenticed to a cabinet-maker ; then studied at Phillips Exeter Acad. ; was some years a teacher; was ord. a Prot.-Epis. clergyman in 1815 ; organized the parish of St. Paul s at Pawtucket, R.I., where he continued 5 years ; established a young ladv s sem. at Concord, N.H., in 1820, which he "re moved to Boston in 1822, and continued, with high reputation, until 1830 ; pastor of St. Mat thew s Church, Boston, from 1824 to 1832, and edited the Literary Advertiser and the Gospel Advocate, lie was a prolific writer, having written or compiled nearly 50 vols., mostly text books for schools. His first book, ^Text- Book of Geography and Chronology," appeared in 1814. He is the author of a Biographical Dictionary, a new edition of which was pub. in 1856 ; a " Family Encyclopaedia," roy. 8vo ; " Farmer s Every Day Book," 8vo, 1852 ; "Modern Farmer," 12mo, 1853; "History of the Amer. Revol.," 18mo, N.Y. Blake, JOSEPH, gov. of S.C. in 1694, and from 1696 to his death in 1700. He was a pro prietary, and a nephew of the famous Admiral Blake. Blake, WILLIAM HUME, Canadian jurist ; d. Toronto, Nov. 15, 1870. Chancellor from 1849 to 1862. Many years prof, of law in the U. of Toronto. Blake, WILLIAM Rurus, comedian, b. Halifax, N.S., 1805 ; d. Boston, 22 Apr. 1863. lie was intended for the medical profession, but at 17 went on the stage at Halifax, and first appeared at the Old Chatham Theatre, N.Y., in 1825, as Frederick in "The Poor Gentle man," and in Elliston s favorite character in the " Three Singles." He visited Eng. in 1 839. He had been stage-manager of the Tremont Theatre, Boston, joint manager of the Walnut- st. Theatre, Phila., and stage-manager of the Broadway Theatre, N.Y. He excelled in the delineation of old men and eccentricities, at tained the head of his profession, and as " Jessie Rural "in " Old Heads and Young Hearts " was incomparable. Author of " Nero," " The Turned Hea.l," an adaptation of "Norman Leslie/ and " The Buggs," a burlesque. He m. Mrs. Waring, a sister of Henry and Tom Placide. Blakeley, JOHNSTON, capt. U.S.N., b. Seaford, Co. Down, Ireland, Oct. 1781 ; lost at sea in 1814. U. of N.C. 1800. His father emigrated to Wilmington, N.C. The members of his family dying one by one, he was left alone in the world, and had also the misfortune to lose the little remnant o r their property. A friend gave him an education, and procured for him a midshipman s warrant, Feb. 5, 1800. Made lieut. Feb. 10, 1807; master com. July 24, 1813; capt. Nov. 24, 1814. In 1813, he com. the brig "Enterprise," and did good service in protecting our coasting trade. In Aug. he was app. to " The Wasp," in which, June 28, 1814, he captured, after an action of 19 minutes, in latitude 48 36 north, H. B. M. ship " Reindeer," which he was obliged to burn. This severe action showed the manifest superiority of Arner. gunnery. " The Rein deer" made 3 attempts to board, in the last of which her gallant com. was slain. For this exploit, Congress voted him a gold medal with suitable devices. Sept. 1, 1814, in a severe action with the brig " Avon," he compelled her to strike ; but the approach of another enemy prevented his taking possession of her. " The Wasp " was afterward spoken off the West ern Isles, and, on Sept. 21, captured the brig " Atalanta," which arrived safely in Savannah, and brought the last direct intelligence ever received from " The Wasp." Being heavily armed and sparred, and very deep waisted, she probably foundered in a gale. His only child, a dan., was educated at the expense* of the State of N.C. Blanc (b!5n), ANTHONY, D. D., first archbishop of N. Orleans, b. Lyons, France ; d. N. 0., June 20, 1860. He came here quite young, was consecrated bishop, Nov. 22, 1835, and archbishop in 1851. Blanc, VINCENT LE, author and traveller, b. France, 1554; d. 1640. He travelled in Asia, Africa, and America, from the age of 12 to 60, and in his " Vbyayes Fameux," 1648, gives an account of Canada. Charlevoix. Blanchard, COL. JOSEPH, soldier and judge, b. Dunstable, near Nashua, N.H., Feb. 11, 1704; d. Apr. 7, 1758. He was a manda mus councillor from 1740 to 1758; judge of the Sup. Court of N.H. from 1749 to 1758 ; com. a N.H. regt. in 1755, and was engaged at Crown Point. He was a great speculator in lands, and in conjunction with Rev. Samuel Langdon, D.D., produced a map of N.H., pub. 1761. Blanchard, THOMAS, mechanic and in ventor, b. Sutton, Ms., 24 June, 1788 ; d. Bos ton, 16 Apr. 1864. While engaged with his bro. in the manufacture of tacks by hand, he invented a machine which made 500 per min ute, and sold the patent for $5,000. He also invented " a lathe to turn the whole of a mus ket-barrel from end to end, by the combination of one single self-directing operation," the lathe for turning irregular forms, now in use in all armories, for making musket-stocks, also 97 applied to busts, shoe-lasts, handles, spokes, &c., and a machine for bending timbers, called the " Compound Bend." He was also engaged in the construction of railroads and locomo tives, and in boats so contrived as to ascend the rapids of the Connecticut and the western rivers. He had taken out 24 patents for differ ent inventions ; and, though he struggled long against discouragements and difficulties, he ul timately acquired wealth. Bishop s American Manufacturers, Blanchelande (blonsh -lond ), PHILI- BERT FRANCOIS RoussEL BE, French gen., b. Dijon, 1735 ; d. Apr. 11, 1793. Entering the army at the age of 12, his courage and good conduct obtained for him rapid promotion, and in 1779 he was sent to America with the regt. d Auxerrois, of which he was major, and, soon after its arrival at Martinique, lieut.-col. He successfully defended the Isle of St. Vincent against the English, which service procured him the rank of brigadier ; assisted at the tak ing of Tobago, of which he was made gov. in 1781, but which he soon exchanged for that of Dominica, which he retained until his return to France at the epoch of the Revol. He was sent to St. Domingo as gov. of the French part of the island ; but evincing openly a disposition to re-establish the old order of things, in oppo sition to the decrees of the National Assembly, giving the blacks equal rights, he was taken to France, brought before the Revol. tribunal, condemned, and executed. His son soon after shared his fate. Bland, RICHARD, an able political writer, b. Va., 1708; d. Williamsburg, Va., Oct. 28, 1776. Wm. and Mary Coll. and U. of Edin burgh. He was a fine classical scholar, familiar with British and Va. history, and was the ora cle of his time on all questions touching the rights and privileges of the Colony. A disting. member of the house of burgesses from 1745, he opposed the Stamp Act in 1764, with great zeal, and was one of the committee to memo rialize the king, lords, and commons, but opposed the famous resolutions of Patrick Henry in 1765. In 1768, he was one of the committee to remonstrate with parliament on the subject of taxation. In 1769, when the house was dissolved, and its members met at the Raleigh Tavern, he was among the first to sign the non-importation agreement there pro posed. He was one of the committee of cor- resp. in 1773 ; of safety in 1775-6 ; was promi nent in all the committees of the conventions of that period ; was a delegate to Congress in 1 774, and was again chosen, Aug. 12, 1775, but declined. He pub. " A Letter to the Clergy on the Twopenny Act," in 1760; "An Inquiry into the Rights of the British Colonies " in 1766, the first and ablest tract written on that subject. Bland, COL. THEODORIC, M.D., states man and soldier, b. Prince George Co., Va., 1742; d. New York, June 1, 1790. Through his grandmother, Jane Rolfe, he was fourth in descent from Pocahontas. John Randolph was a nephew. He received his doctor s degree at Edinburgh; returned home ab. 1764, and oractised medicine, but distinguished himself as a leader of vols. in opposing Lord Dunmore, 7 and soon after pub. a series of bitterly indig nant letters against the gov. under the signa ture of Cassius. Made capt. of the 1st troop of Va. cavalry, he joined the main army in 1777 as lieut.-col.; became col., and signalized himself upon many occasions as a vigilant and energetic officer, particularly at Brandywine. In 1779, he com. the convention troops at Albe- marle Barracks, Va. ; was a member of the Old Congress, 1780-3, and, subsequently, of the State legisl. He opposed the adoption of the U.S. Constitution in the convention, but repre sented his State in the first Congress held under it, and spoke in favor of the assumption of the State debts, though opposed by all his col leagues. "The Bland Papers," pub. in 1840 and 1843, by Charles Campbell, contain valua ble memorials of our Revol. history. Col. Bland was a poet, as well as a patriot, and was highly esteemed not only for his integrity, and devotion to principle, but also for his social accomplishments, which set off an elegant and imposing person. Bland, THEODORIC, jurist, 22 years chan cellor of Md., b. 1777; d. Annapolis, Md., Nov. 16, 1846. He began his judicial career in Baltimore, as judge of the County Court, from which station he was raised to the bench of the U. S. Dist. Court for Md. He pub. " Reports of Cases decided in the High Court of Chancery, Md.," Bait., 1836-41. Blaquiere, PETER BOYLE DE, Canadian politician, b. Dublin, Apr. 27, 1784; d. York- ville, near Toronto, Oct. 1860. Son of John, Lord de B. of Ardkill. He was a midshipman at the battle of Camperdown, but left the navy, and emigrated to Canada in 1837. Member of the legislative council from 1838 to 1860; some time chancellor of the U. of Toronto. Bledsoe, ALBERT T., teacher and author, b. Ky. West Point, 1830. Lieut. 7th Inf.; resigned 31 Aug. 1832; instr. of math, and French in Kenyon Coll., 1833-4; prof, of math., Miami U., 1835-6 ; lawyer in Spring field, 111.. 1840-8; prof. math, and astron., U. of Mpi., 1848-53, and in U. of Va., 1853-61, afterward taking part in the Rebellion against the U.S. Author of " Exam, of Ed wards on the Will," 1845; "A Theodicy or Vindication of Divine Glory," 1856; " Essay on Liberty and Slavery," 1856. Contrib. to many literary, scient. and theol. reviews ; d. Alexandria, Va. Dec. 8, 1877. Bledsoe, JESSE, a distinguished advocate and jurist of Ky. ; U.S. senator from 1813 to 1815 ; prof, of law in the U. of Transylv., and chief-justice of the Supreme Court of Ky. ; d. Nacogdoches, Texas, June 30, 1837. Yield ing to habits of intemperance, he became a miserable outcast and wanderer. Bleecker, ANN ELIZA, poetess, b. New York, Oct. 1752; d. Tomhanick, above Alba ny, Nov. 23, 1783. Youngest dau. of Brandt Schuyler, she in 1769 m. John J. Bleecker, lived with him one year at Poughkeepsie ; then removed to Tomhanick, whence she was driven by the news of the approach of Bur- goyne s army. After much suffering, they es caped to Albany, and thence to Red Hook, re turning home after Burgoyne s surrender. Her pieces are to be found in the early numbers 93 BLO of the New -York Magazine ; and a collection of her stories and " poetics " in a vol. was pub. in 1 793 by her dau., Margaretta V. Faugeres. Bleecker, HERMAN us, LL. D.. M. C. 1811-13 ; charge d affaires at the Hague, 1839. B. Albany, 1779 ; d. there July 1-9, 1849. He was a lawyer by profession, and opposed, in Congress, the War of 1812. Regent of the N. Y. U. 1822. Blenker, LEWIS, brig.-gen. vols., b. Worms, Hesse Darmstadt, 1812 ; d. at his res idence in N. J., Oct. 31, 1863. Brought up by his father, a jeweller, he at 20 enlisted in the Bavarian Legion, which was raised to accom pany the newly-elected King Otho to Greece. He then studied medicine at Munich ; engaged in the wine-trade at Worms; and in 1849 be came a leader of the revolutionists of that city, being burgomaster, and com. of the national guard. He fought in one or two successful en gagements with the Prussians ; but the revol. was soon completely crushed, and he fled to Switzerland. Ordered, in Sept. 1849, to leave that country, he came to the U. S., and settled in N. Y. City, where he was engaged in busi ness until 1861. He then raised the 8th N. Y. Vols., and, early in July, was put at the head of a brigade of the 5th division, Col. Miles. At the first battle of Bull Run, he covered the re treat with great steadiness, and for this service was made a brig.-gen. vols., Aug. 9, 1861. He com. a division of the Army of the Potomac until the commencement of the Yorktown cam paign ; when he was ordered to Western Va., participating in the battle of Cross Keys, June 8, 1862. Gen. Fremont, after entering the val ley of Va. in July, 1 862, relieved him from duty ; and he was discharged from service, Mar. 31, 1863. Blennerhassett, HARMAN, noted for his unfortunate connection with Aaron Burr, b. Hampshire, Eng., Oct. 8, 1765 ; d in the Is of Guernsey, Feb. 1, 1831. U. of Dublin. He was of Irish descent; practised law in Dublin, and, being a republican in principle, emigrated to Amer., after marrying Adeline, grand-dau. of Gen. Agnew, in 1796. He settled on an island in the Ohio, below Parkersburg, where he had an elegant residence, furnished with taste and lux ury. Burr was his guest in 1 805, and succeeded in involving him in his treasonable schemes, in which his credulity, as well as his embarrassed pecuniary situation, disposed him to engage. He invested largely in boats, provisions, arms, and ammunition, left his home and friends, and went to Ky. Warned of Burr s real designs, he returned to his home, greatly disheartened ; but, through Burr s solicitations and the per suasions of his wife, he persisted. His property was seized and sold, and he was prosecuted as an accomplice of Burr, but was discharged, broken in mind, and bankrupt. He was sub sequently a cotton-planter near Port Gibson ; removed to Montreal in 181 9, and practised law, but in 1822 went to the West Indies. His wi dow returned to N. Y., and preferred claims against the U. S., but d. in 1842, while prose cuting her suit. A memoir, by Wm. H. Saf- ford, was pub. at Chillicothe, 12mo, 1850, and Cincin., 8vo, 1853. Bliss, COL. WILLIAM WALLACE SMITH, U.S.A., b. in Northern N. Y., Aug. 1815 ; d. E. Pascagoula, Mpi., 5 Aug. 1853. West Point, 1833. Son of Capt. John of the Revol. army. Assist, prof, of math, at W. Point in 1835-40; brev. capt.and assist, adj. -gen. in Taylor s army in Fla. in 1840 ; brev. maj. and lieut.-col. for Palo Alto and Buena Vista, Mexico, and also re ceived a gold medal and a sword from his native State. He m.Pres. Taylor s youngest dau. Blissett, FRANCIS, comedian, b. London, ab. 1773; d. Guernsey, Eng., 1848. He was the son of an eminent comic actor of Bath ; came with Wignell s company to Phila. in 1793, from which he withdrew in 1821, having by his father s death, come into possession of a competency, and retired to the Isle of Guern sey. Though a famous comedian, he was a confirmed hypochondriac. Wood s Recollec tions of the Stage. Blbdget, SAMUEL, remarkable for enter prise, b. Woburn, Ms., Apr. 1, 1724; d. II a- yerhill, Ms., Sept. 1, 1807. He was engaged in the exped. against Louisburg in 1745, and was before the Revol. a judge of C. C. P. for Hillsborough. Having in 1783, by a machine of his own invention, raised a valuable cargo from a ship sunk near Plymouth, he went to Europe to undertake similar enterprises, but met with discouragements in Spain and in Eng land, where he proposed to raise " The Royal George." On his return in 1791, he com menced the manufacture of duck, and in 1793 removed to N. H., and began the construction of the canal, which bears his name, around Amoskeag Falls. Blondin, M., EMILK GRAVELET (his true name), was b. France, ab. 1830. In 1855, he was engaged by Wm. Niblo to perform with the Ravel troupe in New York, and was subse quently part proprietor of a circus. June 30, 1859, he accomplished the wonderful feat of crossing the Niagara River on a tight-rope, and has since performed feats still more as tounding. Bloodworth, TIMOTHY, statesman, d. near Washington, N.C., Aug. 24, 1814, n. 78. He was 30 years a member of the N. C. legisl.; member of the Continental Congress in 1 786-7 ; M. C. 1790 and 1791; U. S. "senator, 1795- 1801, and afterward collector of the port of Wilmington. He was brought up in poverty ; was, by turns, farmer, smith, preacher, doctor, wheelwright, and politician, and was one of the kindest and most charitable of men. Bloomfield, JOSEPH, statesman and sol dier, b. Woodbridge, N.J. ; d. Burlington, N.J., Oct. 3, 1823. He studied law until the breaking-out of the War of Independence ; was made a capt. in Dayton s regt. (3d N.J.) in 1776, and served through the war, attaining the rank of major. He was subsequently atty.- gen. of the State; was gov. in 1801-12; w as brig.-gen. during the War of 1812-15; M.C. 1817-21 ; and was chairman of a select commit tee on Revol. pensions. He was a firm Repub. in politics, a brave soldier, and a sound legis lator. Blount, THOMAS, soldier and statesman of N.C., b. 1760; d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 7, 1812. Son of Jacob, member of the Provin cial Assemblies of 1775-6, from Newbern; BLO 99 brother ( f Wm. and Willie. He volunteered in the lievol. army at 16 ; became dep. paym.- gen. in 1780, and, with the rank of maj., com. a batt. of N.C. militia at the battle of Eutaw Springs. He became a maj.-gen. of militia ; and was M. C. in 1793-9, 1805-9, and in 1811-12. Blount, WILLIAM, statesman, b. N. C., 1744; d. Knoxville, Tenn., March 21, 1800. He was a delegate from N.C. to the Old Con gress in 1782, 3, 6, and 7 ; member of the assem bly from Newbern in 1780 and 1784 ; a signer of the Federal Constitution in 1787, and, in 1790, was app. gov. of the Territory of Ohio. Chosen pres.of the convention to form the State of Tenn. in 1796, he was its representative in Congress, but was expelled in July, 1797, for having instigated the Creeks and Cherokees to assist the British in conquering the Spanish territory in La. The proceedings against him increased his popularity in Tenn., and he was elected to the State senate, and chosen pres. of that body. Blount, WILLIE, Gov. of Tenn. from 1809 to 1815 ; d. near Clarksville, Tenn., Sept. 10, 1835, a. 68. He was sec. to his bro. William while territorial gov. of Ohio ; afterwards re moved to Montgomery Co., Tenn. ; was soon returned to the legisl., and in 1834 was in the convention that revised the State constitution. Blowers, SAMPSON SALTER, jurist, b. Boston, Mar. 22, 1742 ; d. Halifax, N.S., Oct. 25, 1842. H. U. 1763. Grandson of Rev. Thomas B., minister of Beverly (1701-29). He studied law under Gov. Hutchinson. With Adams and Quincy, he was engaged as junior council in 1770 in the defence of the British soldiers concerned in the " Boston Mas sacre." Being a loyalist, he went to England in 1774, but returned in the spring of 1778 to his native city, and, after a short imprisonment, went to Halifax, where he successfully pursued his profession until raised to the bench in 1795. In 1785 was app. atty.-gen., and speak er of the house of assembly; and in 1797 chief-justice of the Supreme Court, having had for some years a seat in the council. In 1801, he became presiding judge, which office he re signed in 1833. Saline. Blunt, EDMUND, engineer, son of E. M., b. Newburyport, Ms., 23 Nov. 1799; d. Brook lyn, N.Y., 2 Sept. 1866. At 17, he surveyed N.Y. harbor; until 1833, he was engaged in surveys of the W. Indies, Guatemala, and the coast of the U.S., on his own account. From 1832 to his death, he was 1st assist, on the U.S. coast survey. He introduced into the U.S. the Fresnel light, and invented the dividing engine. In 1855-6, he furnished the points to determine the exterior line of N.Y. harbor. Blunt, EDMUND MARCH, nautical writer, b. Portsmouth, N.H., 20 June, 1770; d. Sing Sing, N.Y., 2 Jan., 1862. He was a book-sell er, and pub. the Newburyport Herald. In 1796, he pub. his first "Coast Pilot," which is still in use, and which has been translated into most of the languages of Europe. He also pub. "Stranger s Guide to N.Y. City," 1817, and numerous nautical books and charts. Blunt, JAMES G., maj.-gen. vols., b. Tren ton, Me., 20 July, 1826. From 14 to 19 years of age, he was a sailor. Removing to 0., h grad. at the Sterling Medical Coll., Columbus, 1849; practised in Darke Co., 0., until 1856 ; and then settled in Anderson Co., Kan., as a physician and farmer. He was a prominent leader in the free State party in 1856-7, and a member of the convention which formed the present constitution of the State. In July, 1861, he was made lieut.-col. 3d Kan. vols. He com. the cavalry of Gen. Lane s brigade, and, Apr. 8, 1862, was app. brig.-gen., and assigned to the department of Kan. Oct. 22, 1862, he engaged a Confederate force at Maysville, near the N. W. corner of Arkansas, and totally routed it. Nov. 28, 1862, he attacked and drove Marmacluke s forces at Cane Hill, Ark. ; with Gen. Ilerron, defeated Hind man at Prairie Grove, Dec. 7, and on the 27th and 28th defeated a body of rebels, and captured Van Buren, a fort on the Ark. River. In June, 1863, he was relieved from com. of the Kan. dep t, and took the field with the army of the frontier. July 16, 1863, he defeated Gen. Cooper at Honey Springs, near the Ark. River; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862- Resides in Leavenworth, Kan. Blunt, JOSEPH, lawyer and politician, son of Edmund M., b. Newburyport, Ms., Feb. 1792; d. N.Y. City, June 16, 1860. He was first brought to notice by writing on the Mo. question in 1820. Soon after, he wrote for the N. A. Review an article on the Laybach Cir cular, which brought him into acquaintance with leading national men. He was long a leading Whig and protectionist, and was one of the first members of the Repub. party, and drew up the original resolutions of the Repub. State convention at Saratoga in 1854. Mr. Blunt declined the commissionership to China offered him by Pres. Fillmore. He was district atty. not long before his death. He edited the American Annual Register, 1827-35. He pub. "Historical Sketch of the Formation of the American Confederacy," N. Y., 8vo, 1 825 ; " Speeches, Reviews, and Reports," 8vo, 1843 ; "Merchants and Shipmasters Assistant," 8vo, N. Y., 1829 and 1848. Boardman, GEORGE DANA, Baptist mis sionary, b. Livermore, Me., Feb. 8, 1801 ; d. Burmah, Feb. 11,1831. Water. Coll. 1822. His father was a clergyman. He studied at the And. Theol. Sem. ; was ord. at West Yar mouth, Me., Feb. 16, 1825; m. Miss Sarah Hall, July 4, and on the 16th sailed for Cal cutta, where he arrived Dec. 2. Acquiring the Burman language, he entered upon his labors at Maulmain in the latter part of May. 1827, and planted a mission which became the central point of all the Baptist missions in Burmah. In Apr. 1828, he established a mission at Tavoy, where he soon afterwards baptized Ko-mah-byn, a Karen convert, whose labors were very suc cessful among his countrymen. In Feb. 1828, he made a tour among the Karen villages with such success that he determined on a systematic course of itinerary labor. His exertions oc casioned the loss of his health ; and he was carried off by consumption. Boardman, HEXRY AUG., D.D., clergy man and author, b. Troy, N.Y., 9 Jan. 1808. Y. C. 1829. Since 1833, pastor 10th Presb. Church, Phila. Chosen in 1853 to fill he chair BOE 100 of pastoral theology at Princeton, he declined it. He has pub. " The Scriptural Doctrine of Ori ginal Sin," 1839; " Letters to Bishop Doane on the Oxford Tracts," 1841 ; " The Prelatical Doctrine of the Apostolical Succession Ex amined," 1844; "The Bible in the Family," 1851 ; " The Bible in the Counting-House," 1853 ; some sermons, and a eulogium on Daniel Webster. Dm/ckinck. Boernstein, HENRY, journalist, b. Ham burg, Germany, 4 Nov. 1805. His parents re moved in 1813 to Lemberg, where he received at the U. a medical education. After serving in the Austrian army, he was some years con nected with the stage in Vienna; became man ager of the German Opera at Paris in 1842, and a playwright, and came to the U. S. in Dec. 1848. In Mar. 1850, he became pub. editor and proprietor of the Anzetger des Westens at St. Louis, one of the most influential German papers of the west. Edward s Great West. Bogardus, JAMES, inventor, b. Catskill, N.Y., 14 Mar. 1800; apprenticed to a watch maker, 1814; invented the Ring Flyer for cotton-spinning, 1828; a dry gas-meter, 1832; an engraving machine, 1836; a machine for pressing glass ab. 1840, and many other mechanical improvements. His factory in N.Y., constructed, in 1847, entirely of iron, was the first erected in theU. S. of that material. Another remarkable invention of his is the pyrometer; d. N. Y. City Apr. 13, 1874. Bogardus, GEN. ROBERT, near 50 years a practitioner at the N.Y. bar: d. N.Y. City, Sept. 12, 1841, a. 70. Col. 41st Inf. from July 29, 1813, to June, 1815. Bogart, ELIZABETH, poetess, b. N.Y. City ; contrib. to the N.Y. Mirror under the nom de plume " Estelle." See Specime.nes in " Gris- vold s Ft male Poets of America" Boggs, CHARLES STUART, rear-admiral U.S.N., b. Brunswick, N. J., Jan. 28, 1810. Nephew of Capt. James Lawrence, he entered the navy, Nov. 1, 1826; lieut. Sept, 6, 1837; was in "The Princeton" of Com. Conner s squadron during the Mexican war ; was present at the siege of Vera Cruz; com. boat exped. which destroyed " The Truxton " after her sur render to the Mexicans ; commander, Sept. 14, 1855, and assigned by the sec. of the navy to the U.S. mail-steamer " Illinois," which he com. 3 years He then became light-house insp. for California, Oregon, and Washington Ter ritory. In 1861, he was ordered to the gunboat " Varuna " of Farragut s Gulf squadron. In the attack on the Mpi. forts, Apr. 18-24, he destroyed 6 of the Confederate gunboats, but finally lost his own vessel after driving his an tagonist ashore in flames. He returned to Washington as bearer of despatches ; was ordered to the command of the new sloop-of- \va. - " Juniata ; " was promoted to the rank of capt. July 16, 1862; commodore, July 25, 1866 ; com. steamer " De Soto," N. Atl. squad. 1867- 8; rear-adrn. July, 1870. Bohlen, GEN. HENRY, b. Bremen, Oct. 22, 1810; killed in Va., Aug. 22, 1862. Hecame to Amer. young, and settled as a liquor- merchant in Phila. In 1861, he became col. 75rh Pa. (German) vols., and was attached to Gen. Blenker s com. Mai e brig.-gen. of vols. Apr. 28, 1862, he served under Frtmont in Western Va., disting. himself at the battle of Cross Keys, June 8, and was specially com mended for his services in the Shenandoah Valley under Gen. Sigel. He covered the re treat of the army of Va. across the Rappahan- nock, and fell while directing the movements of his brigade in a skirmish near that river. His son, who was on a visit to his native land, d. in Baden-Baden on the same day with his father. Boker, GEORGE HENRY, dramatist and poet, b. Phila., 1823. N. J. Coll. 1842. He studied, but never practised law. After a tour in Europe, he returned to Phila., and, in 1847, pub. " The Lesson of Life and other Poems." He has also written " Calaynos," a tragedy, 1848, successfully performed in London ; "Anne Boleyn," " Leonor de Guzman," "Francesca da Rimini," "The Betrothal," " The Widow s Marriage," a comedy, and some minor poems, " War Lyrics," " All the World a Mask," " Konigsmark and other Poems," and " Plays and Poems," 2 vols. Bolivar y Ponte (bo-lee -var e pon -ta), SIMON, the "liberator" of Colombia, b. Ca racas, July 24, 1783; d. San Pedro, near Santa Martha, Dec. 17, 1830. Of a wealthy Creole family, he was educated at Madrid and Paris. He returned from a second visit to Europe in 1809, and, in 1810, was sent by the Revolutionists on a mission to purchase arms, and solicit the protection of the British Govt. In Sept. 1811, Miranda, the insurgent chief, gave him the rank of lieut.-col. and the com. of Puerto Cabello, the strongest fortress of Venezuela. In Jan. 1813, he headed an exped. at Carthagena against Venezuela, which in a short time left to the Spaniards only the fortress of Puerto Cabello. The vic tories of Boves, however, soon changed the aspect of affairs. Bolivar, who had been made dictator, was defeated by Boves, Aug. 8, 1814 ; distrust and dissension ensued among the repub licans ; and Bolivar returned to New Granada, where he was made com. -in-chief ; but his mili tary operations were unsuccessful, and on the arrival of Morillo with Spanish re-enforce ments, March 25, 1815, Bolivar fled to Ja maica. In concert with Louis Brion, he under took an exped. April 16, 1816, against Vene zuela, and by July 20, 1817, the Spaniards had evacuated the whole of the provinces. Nevertheless, by the end of May, 1818, he had lost a number of battles, and all the provinces lying north of the Orinoco. The convening of a national Congress, and the aid of foreign ers, again turned the scale. He was made pros. of Venezuela in Feb. 1819, and in Aug. entered Bogota in triumph. In June, 1821, he gained the victory of Carabobo. The Re publics of Venezuela and New Granada hav ing united, under the name of the Republic of Colombia, in 1821, Bolivar was elected pres. In 1823, he went to the assistance of the Peruvians, aided them in establishing their independence, and was rewarded with supreme authority, which he resigned in Jan. 1825. In 1825, he was declared perpetual protector of Bolivia ; for which State he framed a constitu tion, giving to the pres. for life irresponsible BOIL, 101 powers. The purity of his motives was called in question ; and he was charged with aiming at a perpetual dictatorship. Paez, the Vice- Pres. of Venezuela, revolted, secretly insti gated, it is said, by Bolivar, who led his body guard and 1,800 Peruvians against the rebels. When they met, he contirmed Paez in his com., rebuked the friends of the constitution, and assumed dictatorial powers, Nov. 23, 1826. In Dec. 1826, he was declared pros, for life of Peru, which had adopted the Bolivian code. His aim was the erection of the whole of S. America into one republic, with himself as its dictator. The Colombian troops in Peru hav ing revolted, Gen. Lamar was made pres. of Peru, and, driving out the Colombians, waged a successful war against Colombia; and the Congress of Ocaiia, convoked by Bolivar with a view to modify the constitution in favor of his arbitrary power, in March, 1828, came to naught. Paez having been placed at the head of Venezuela, and insurrections having broken out in several places, Bolivar resigned for the 5th time in Jan. 1830, but again accepted the presidency, and, with 8,000 men, entered Mara- caibo ; but, being confronted by Paez with a strong force, he finally resigned, April 27, 1830. Bolivar is represented as a coward and an un skilful general ; but his services in securing the independence, and in ably organizing three great republics, entitle him to distinction among the founders of States. Bollan, WILLIAM, agent of Ms. in Eng. ; d. there in 1776. He was bred to the legal profession; came to Boston, ab. 1740, with Gov. Shirley, whose dau. he m. in 1743. He was conspicuous for talent and integrity. In 1745, when he had just received the app. of collector of customs for Salem and Marblehead, he was sent to Eng. as agent to solicit a re-imburse- ment of the expenses incurred in the exped. against Cape Breton. After 3 years labor, he at last succeeded in obtaining a full repayment of the expenditure, 183,649. He was again sent to Eng. as agent, but was dismissed in 1762. In 1769, he obtained from Alderman Beckford copies of 33 letters, from Govs. Ber nard and Gage, calumniating the inhabitants of Boston, which he sent to Ms., being then in the employ of the council ; and this act, for which he was denounced in parliament by Lord North, restored his popularity here. In 1775, he exerted himself in recommending concilia tory measures to the mother-country ; and John Hancock declared in the house of representa tives, that there was no man to whom the Col onies were more indebted. He pub. " Impor tance and Ad vantage of Cape Breton truly stat ed," Lond., 1746; " Colonise Anglican Illus- tratae," Lond., 1762; "Ancient Rights to the Amer. Fishery examined and stated," Lond., 1764 ; " Freedom of Speech and Writing upon Public Affairs considered," Lond., 1770; "A Petition to the King in Council, Jan. 26, 1774, intended to promote the Harmony of Great Bri tain and her Colonies." This petition he of fered as agent for Ms. Bollman, Euic, M.D., memorable for his efforts for the escape of Lafayette from the Austrian prison of Olmutz, b. Hoya, Hano ver, 1769; d. Jamaica, Dec. 9, 1821. After studying medicine at Gottingen, he practised at Carlsruhe and in Paris, where he became an actor in the Revol., aiding Count Narbonne to escape to London. In 1794, aided by Col. Francis Huger, of S. C., he attempted the lib eration of Lafayette. They rescued him from the guard, Nov. 8, but, losing their way, were captured. For this attempt, he w3s imprisoned one year, and then banished. Emigrating to Amer., he applied himself to mercantile and scientific pursuits, especially chemistry and political economy ; was implicated in Aaron Burr s conspiracy in 1806; returned to Europe in 1814, and attended the Congress of Vienna. He afterwards visited S. America. He wrote "Paragraphs on Banks," 1810; "Improved System of the Money Concerns of the Union," 1816; " Strictures on the Theories of M. Ri- cardo." Bolton, WILL AM COMPTON, capt. U.S.N., b. Eng.; d. Genoa, 22 Feb. 1849. Midship man, 20 June, 1806 ; lieut. 4 Jan. 1813; mas ter com. 28 Mar. 1820; capt. 21 Feb. 1831. His original name, Wm. Bolton Finch, was changed by act of Congress, 14 Jan. 1833. He com. " The Vincennes " in 1829-30, and the Medit. squad, in 1848-9. Bomford, GEORGE, col. of ordnance, U. S.A., b. N. Y., 1780 ; d. Boston, Mar. 25, 1848. West Point. Lieut, of engineers, 1805; was made capt. 23 Feb. 1808; maj. July 6, 1812 ; inventor of bomb cannon, called " Columbi- ads," used in the War of 1812, afterward in troduced with slight modification, in the French service, by Gen. Paixhan, and called " Paix- han Guns ; " brev. lieut.-col. Dec. 22, 1 814, and col. of ordnance, May 30, 1832. He won dis tinction in the War of 1812, his skill and in ventive talent being of great use ; he being al most the only one well informed in the mauuf. of ordnance in the U.S. Cullum. Bomford, JAMES V., son of Col. George, b. N.Y. West Point, 1832. Capt. 4 Mar. 1845; brev. maj. for gallantry in battles of Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847, in the storming-party, and brev. lieut.-col. for Molino del Rey, 8 Sept. 1847, and disting. at Chapultepec; maj. 6th Inf. Oct. 17, 1860, lieut.-col. 16th, Jan. 10, 1862; col. 8th Inf. May 18, 1864. Chief of staff to Gen. McCook, at the battle of Perryville, for which brev. col. 8 Oct. 1862. Cullum. Bonaparte, CHARLES LUCIEM JULES LAURENCE, prince of Canino and Musignano, an eminent ornithologist, eldest son of Lucien, bro. of Napoleon Bonaparte, b. Paris, May 24, 1803 ; d. there July 30, 1857. A.M. of N.J. Coll. 1825. During the revol. of 1848, he was one of the leaders of the repub. party at Rome, and in 1849 was vice-pres. of the constituent assembly. During his residence in the U.S., he pub. a continuation, in 4 vols., of Wilson s Ornithology, " Observations on the Nomencla ture of Wilson s Ornithology" in the Journal of the Acad. of Phila., "A Synopsis of the Birds of the U.S. " for the " Annals of the Ly ceum of N.Y.," and " A Catalogue of Birds of the U.S.," in the Contributions of the Maclu- rian Lyceum of Phila., besides numerous arti cles on ornithology in the same journals. His principal work is " Icoiioyrafia della Fauna Ital 102 :BO:N tea," 3 vols., fol., Rome, 1835-45. He has also cootrib. to various scientific journals. See Memoirs of, written by himself, N.Y., 1836. Bonaparte, JEROME NAPOLEON, son of Jerome (Napoleon s bro.) and Elizabeth, dau. of Wm. Patterson, merchant of Baltimore. B. Eng., July 7, 1805 ; d. Baltimore, June 17, 1870. H.U? 1826. His mother, who had m. Jerome on his visit to Anier. as capt. of a fri gate, in Dec. 1803, and who was abandoned by him on account of Napoleon s displeasure at the match, returned to the U.S. during his boyhood, and he was reared in Baltimore. He studied, but never practised, law. Early in life, he m. Susan May, dau. of Benjamin Wil liams of Roxbury, Ms. He resembled Napo leon, more than either of his own brothers did, in the shape of the head, regularity of features, and the dark eyes of peculiar tint which char acterized the emperor. He had two sons, Je rome and Charles Joseph. Bond, GEORGE PHILLIPS, director of the Cambridge Observatory, and Phillips Prof, of astronomy, H.U., from 1859 to his d. Feb. 17, 1865, b. Dorchester, Ms., May 20, 1825. H.U. 1845. Son of Wm. Cranch Bond. Member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, and an astron omer of the highest rank. He received from the Royal Astron. Soc., London, a gold med al for his great work on the Donati Comet. Author of papers on the Rings of Saturn, on the Orbits of Hyperion, on the Nebula of An dromeda, on Stellar Photography, &c. Bond, HENRY, M.D., physician and genealogist, b. Watertown, Ms., March 21, 1790; d. Phila., May 4, 1859. Dartm. Coll. 1813. Grandson of Col. Wm. Bond of the Revol. army, who d. near Ticonderoga, 31 Aug. 1776. He studied medicine, settled first in Concord, N.H., and in Nov. 1819, in Phila., where he resided till his death. He was the author of many valuable papers on professional subjects, and contrib. largely to medical and other journals ; was a member of numerous his torical and other societies, and of religious and charitable associations, and was several years pres.of the Phila. Board of Health. Besides his nigh reputation as a physician, he obtained that, aiso, of being a successful and thorough gene alogist. In 1855, he pub. his " Genealogies and History of Watertown, Ms.," unrivalled among works of its kind. See N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg. xiii, 174. Bond, SHADRACH, gov. of 111. 1818-22, b. Md. ; d. Kaskaskia, 111., 13 Apr. 1832. An early emig. to 111. ; many years a disting. member of the ten-it, legisl ; deleg. to Con gress, 1811-15, and, in 1815, app. receiver of public moneys. Bond, THOMAS EMERSON, M.D., D.D., Meth.-Ep. clergyman, b. Baltimore, Feb. 1782 ; d. N.Y., March 14, 1856. Engaged in practice in Baltimore, he rapidly rose in the profession, and was called to a chair in the Med. Coll. of Md., which he rilled until de clining health obliged him to resign. He united himself early with the M. E. Church, and filled, for many years, the office of a local preacher. During what was termed the "Rad ical Controversy," he edited the Itinerant, de- feuding with much ability the polity of his sect. For 12 years, he conducted the Christian Advo cate and Journal, its leading official organ, earn ing the title of " Defender of the Church." Bond, WILLIAM CRANCH, astronomer, b. Portland, Me., Sept. 9, 1789; d. Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 29, 1859. While an apprentice to his father, a watchmaker, he showed a love for astronomy, and at an early age established a private observatory at Dorchester. In 1815, he went to Europe, and executed a commission from H.U. for a contemplated observatory. In 1838, he was app. by the U.S. Govt. to conduct a series of astronomical and meteorological observations in connection with the exploring exped. then fitting out. In 1839, he was app. superintendent of the erection of the observatory of H.U., of which he became director. He ranked among the greatest astronomers of his time. He pub. " Result of Astron. Observ. in 1852-3," 4to, Camb., 1855. In 1842, the honor ary degree of A.M. was conferred upon him by H.U.; and he was a member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, of the Philos. Soc., and of the Royal Astronomical Soc. of London. Bonham, MILLEDGE L. , gen. C.S.A., b. S.C., ab. 1815. S.C. Coll. 1834. He studied law ; was adm. to the bar at Columbia in 1837, and settled at Edgefield, C.H. Served in Mex ico at the head of a batt. of S.C. troops ; was solicitor for the Southern Circuit, from 1848 to 1850; and was M.C. from 1856 until the with drawal of the members from S.C. , Dec. 24, 1880, after the secession of that State. App. maj.-gen. of the S.C. troops, and afterward brig.-gen in the Confed. army, and took part in the battles of Blackburn s Ford and Bull Run. Being elected to the Confederate Con gress, he withdrew from the army ; gov. of S.C. 1862-4, and then resumed his military position, which he held at the time of Lee s surrender.. Bonner, ROBERT, proprietor of the N. Y. Ledger, b. Londonderry, Ireland, Apr. 28, 1824, of Scotch Presb. ancest. While a lad in the printing-office of the Hartford Courant, he could set up more type in a day than any man in the State. He went to N.Y. City in 1844; pur chasing the Ledf/er, an obscure sheet, he brought it to the high position it now occupies, by engaging Fanny Fern, Edw. Everett, H. W. Beecher, and other eminent writers, as contrib utors. By industry and sagacity, he has ac quired a large fortune, and has made the Ledyer the foremost weekly paper in the world. Bonneville (bon -veT), C. DE, a French engineer, b. Lyons, ab. 1710; d. ab. 1780. He was a capt. of engineers, and after serving in Prussia, and being imprisoned some time in the Fortress of Spandau, was employed in the war against the English, terminated by the peace of 1763. While in America, he turned his attention to the study of the productions of this part of the world, as well as the manners of its inhabitants, and pub., in 1771, " De I Ame riyue et des Am^ricains," &c. Bonneville was the author of several other works Nouv. Biofj Univ. Sappt. Bonneville, BENJAMIN L. E., brev. brig.- gen. U S.A., b. France, ab. 1795. West Point, 1815. Lieut, of artillery, Dec. 11, 1815 ; assist, commissary of subsist. Oct. 1813; capt. 14 Oct. 1825 ; maj. 6th Inf. July 15, 1845 ; com. BON 103 BOO that regt. in the Valley of Mexico ; brev. lieut.- col. for Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847, in which he was wounded; lieut.-col. 4th Inf. May 7, 1849 ; col. 3d Inf. Feb. 3, 1855 ; com. in the Gila exped. in June, 1857 ; retired Sept. 9, 1861 ; made brev. brig.-gen. March 13, 1865. Author of a Journal of an Exped. to the Rocky Mountains, edited by Washington Ir ving. Bonnycastle, CHARLES, mathematician, b. Woolwich, Eng., 1792; d. at the U. of Va., Oct. 1840. John, his father, was prof, of math ematics at the Military Acad. of Woolwich, and was assisted by his son in the preparation of several elementary books on mathematical subjects, occasionally writing articles for the encyclopaedias and for periodicals. App. first prof, of natural philosophy in the U. of Va., lie arrived in the U.S. in Feb. 1825, and, in 1827, he was, at his own request, transferred to the chair of mathematics. Author of a treatise on Inductive Geometry, and several memoirs on scientific subjects. Bonnycastle, SIR RICHARD HENRY, bro. of the preceding, b. 1791 ; d. 1848. He served at Flushing in 1809, in Canada in 1812-15; became capt. of royal engineers in 1825 ; was com. engineer in Canada West, from 1837 to 1839; was knighted for services in the defence of Kingston, Canada, in 1837 ; was com. en gineer in Newfoundland, and in 1848 was made lieut.-col. He is the author of " The Canadas in 1841," " Canada as it Was, Is, and May Be," &c., and " Spanish America," Lond., 2 vols., 1818. Morgan. Bonpland (bon -plon ), AIME, a French traveller and naturalist, b. La Rochelle, Aug. 22,1773; d. Santa Ana in Uruguay, 11 May, 1858. While a medical student, he was, for a short time, a surgeon in a man-of-war. At Paris, he became the pupil of Corvisart, and the friend and fellow-student of Humboldt, whom he accomp. in the scientific journey described in Humboldt s " Voyage to the Equinoctial Regions of the New World." After 5 years absence, Bonpland presented his collections to the govt., and was rewarded with a pension. Made intendant of Malmaison, he devoted himself to the publication of his travels, but, on the death of the Empress Jose phine, returned to Amer., reaching Buenos Ay res in 1816. Having set out on his travels to the Andes, he visited the old missions of the Jesuits in Paraguay, where he was arrested bv the agents of the dictator Francia, in 1821, who detained him in the country, and forced him to support himself by the practice of med icine in an Indian village. He was released in Feb. 1831, afterward m. an Indian woman, and retired to a plantation near Borja in Uruguay. His "Nova Genera et Species Plan- tarum," 12 vols., folio (Paris, 1815-29), with 700 colored plates, is one of the finest works ever printed. Author, also, of " Equinoctial Plants of Mexico, Cuba," &c., 2 vols., fol., 140 plates. Boomer, GEORGE BOARDMAN, brig.-gen. vols., b. Sutton, Ms., July 26, 1832; killed at Vicksburg, Mpi., May 22, 1863. Son of Rev. Job Borden Boomer. Settled at an early age m St. Louis, as a bridge-builder. He laid out and partly built the town of Castle Rock on the Osage River. As col. 22d Mo. Vols., he was present at the surrender of Island No. 10, and, at the battle of luka, was disting., and severely wounded. At the battle of Champion Hills, near Vicksburg, he com. the 2d bri gade of Quinby s div., McPherson s corps, with such conspicuous gallantry, that he was highly recommended for promotion. Killed in a charge on the fortifications of Vicksburg. Boone, DANIEL, pioneer settler of Ky., b. Bucks Co., Pa., 11 Feb. 1735; d. Charettc, Mo., 26 Sept. 1820. His parents, who were English, removed to the Yadkin River, N. C., where Boone became a skilful hunter and woodsman From May, 1769 to Mar. 1771, he was explor ing the wilds of Ky., whither, in Sept. 1773, he led a party of settlers. In June, 1774, he con ducted a party of surveyors to the falls of Ohio, and, in the campaign against the Shaw- nees, defended against their attacks 3 frontier forts. In April, 1775, he built the fort where Boonesborough now stands, and repulsed sev eral attacks made at various times by hostile Indians. 7 Feb. 1778, while making salt at the Licking River, he was captured, and taken to Detroit. Adopted into an Indian family at Chillicothe, he escaped, Juno 16, on learning of an intended attack on Boonesborough, reaching the fort, 160 miles distant, in 4 days. In 1780, he took part in the disastrous battle of the Blue Licks, where he lost his second son, and accomp. Gen. Clarke s exped. against Vincennes immediately afterward. In 1795, having been deprived of the lands he had settled, in consequence of an imperfect legal title, he indignantly shouldered his rifle, and plunged into the forests of Missouri. Here a valuable tract of land in the Femme Osage district was given him for his services, which he also lost, because he would not go to New Orleans to complete his title. He had left Ky. in debt, but eventually obtained a valuable lot of peltry, turned it into cash, went on foot to Ky., paid every one whatever was demanded, and, returning home with half a dollar, said he was ready to die content. Notwithstanding his many Indian encounters, Boone was a lover of peace, and was moral, temperate, and chaste. In 1810, he went to live with his son- in-law, Flanders Galloway. His portrait, by Chester Harding, is in the State House of Ky. An account of his adventures, by himself, was pub. in Filson s Supplement to Imlay s De scription of the Western Terr., 1793. His son Nathan L., col. U.S.A., served in the War of 1812; d. Springfield, Mo., Jan. 1857, a 75. Boone, WILLIAM JONES, D.D.,, Prot.-Ep. missionary, bishop to Shanghai, China, b. S.C., July 1, 1813 ; d. Shanghai, July 17, 1864. He studied law, then theology, at the sem. at Alex andria, Va., and, in Jan! 1837, went as a mis sionary to China. Consecrated bishop, 26 Oct. 1844. Having a thorough knowledge of Chi nese language and literature, he translated the prayer - book in 1 846, and was selected to review the translation of the Bible, in which he displayed great ability and learning. Booth, EDWIN F., actor, son of the cele brated J. B. Booth, b. on his father s farm near Baltimore, Md., in Nov. 1833. He was ed BOO 104 BOO acuted for the stage, travelling with his father on his starring engagements, occasionally play ing small parts, and making his first regular ap pearance at the Boston Museum, Sept. 10, 1849, as Tressell in " Richard III." In 1851, on occa sion of his father s illness, he took his place, playing Richard at the Chatham Theatre, N. Y. In 1852, he went to Gal., and engaged for "util ity " business, and in 1854 visited Australia, stopping on the way at many of the Pacific islands. He returned to Cal. after playing a succe*sful engagement in the Sandwich Islands, and in 1 857 appeared as Richard at Burton s Theatre, N.Y. In Nov. 1860, when he played at this theatre, under its new name of the " Winter Garden," he achieved that high posi tion on the stage which he now holds. He made a professional visit to Eng. in the sum mer of 1861, played at the Hay market, studied his art one year on the Continent, and returned to its practice in N.Y. in Sept. 1862. He has won high distinction in the character of Ham let. In 1869, he erected on 23d St., N.Y., a magnificent theatre. His first wife, Mary Devlin, a danseuse, d. Dorchester, Ms., Feb. 21, 1863. June 7, 1869, he m. Mary McVick- er, ne Runnion. Booth, JAMES C., chemist, b. 1810. Prof, of applied chemistry in Franklin Institute; melter and refiner in U.S. Mint., Phila. Has pub. " Encyclopaedia of Chemistry," &c., 1850 ; " Recent Improvements in the Chemical Arts," 1851, in the Smithsonian Reports. In both works, he was assisted by Campbell Morfit. Booth, JOHN WILKES, the assassin of President Lincoln, b. Harford Co., Md., 1839 ; d. April 26, 1865. Third son of the celebrat ed actor. His early education was irregular, and deficient in moral training. In 1856, he went on the stage, where he was noticeable for beauty, grace, and physical strength, but be came dissipated in his habits. From the out break of the Rebellion, he was a violent seces sionist, so much so, that his brother Edwin, the tragedian, forbade him his house. He with drew from the stage early in 1864, for the pur pose, as is supposed, of plotting the crime he afterward perpetrated ; failed in an attempt to abduct Mr. Lincoln early in 1865, and failed again in the attempt to murder him on the day of his inauguration. Enlarging his scheme to include the principal members of the cabinet, the vice-pres., and the lieut.-gen., he trained several accomplices, who all failed ; though Mr. Seward and his son were saved from death almost by miracle. On the evening of April 14, after firing the fatal shot at Mr. Lincoln, at Ford s Theatre, Booth leaped from the box to the stage ; and, his spur catching upon the flag which draped the front of the President s box, he fell upon the stage, and fractured one of the bones of the leg, but, springing up, he flourished a knife, and shouting, " Sic semper tyrannis," fled by a private entrance, where one of his accomplices was holding a horse for him. With Harold, another accomplice, he rode near 30 miles, to the house of Dr. Mudd in Va., where his broken limb was set. Mudd aided hi 5 escape southward ; and he crossed the Rap- pa ban nock at Swan Point, making his way with gtiat diticuity to Garrett s Farm, ab. 20 miles below Fredericksburg. Here Col. Bak er, with a squad of detectives, found him on the night of April 25 ; and, refusing to sur render, he was shot. Booth, JUNIUS BRUTUS, the greatest of American tragedians, b. London, May 1, 1796 ; d. on the passage from N. Orleans to Cincin nati, Dec. 1, 1852. His father was an atty., his mother a lineal descendant of John Wilkes. After trying various avocations, he joined a strolling company, and appeared at Peckham, Sept. 13, 1813, as Campillo, in " The Honey moon." After performing at Deptford, near London, and at Brussels, in 1814 he made his debut at Covent Garden Theatre, London, as Richard III. His personification of the char acter was so striking, that he competed success fully with the famous Edmund Kean. The managers of Drury Lane induced him to act there in the same plays with Kean ; but when, after a few nights, he was again announced at Covent Garden, his appearance was the signal for a serious theatrical riot, which resulted in driving him, for a time, from the London stage. July 13, 1821, he made his first appearance in the U.S., at Petersburg, Va., and, Oct. 5, at the Park Theatre, N.Y., in his favorite character of Richard. From that time until the close of his life, he acted in nearly every theatre in the U.S., and in spite of his irregular habits, which sometimes interfered with the performance of his engagements, enjoyed an extraordinary popularity. In 1824, he bought a farm in Bel Air, 30 miles from Baltimore, where he lived in a retired and frugal manner, selling his eggs and butter in that city. In 1825, he visited Eng., opened at Drury Lane as Brutus, and revisited it in 1836. His last appearance was at the St. Charles, N. Orleans, Nov. 19, 1852, as Mortimer and John Lump. He had just returned from a lucrative tour to Cal. when he died. His range of characters was confined almost exclusively to those which he had stud ied in the beginning of his career. In that of Richard, after the death of Kean, he had no rival. Among his other most popular person ations were lago, Sir Giles Overreach, Pescara, Lear, Shylock, Hamlet, and Sir Edmund Mor timer. In his peculiar sphere, the sudden and nervous expression of concentrated pas sion, as also in the more quiet and subtile passages of his delineations, he exercised a won derful sway over his audience. His voice was singularly flexible and melodious, and suscepti ble of the most exquisite pathos. He was, un questionably, one of the greatest actors that ever lived. No animal food was permitted in his family, and ail animal life was sacred to him. He reverenced all forms of religion and all temples of devotion ; never passing them without baring his head. Several of his chil dren inherited a portion of his dramatic talent , and one of them, Edwin, has attained an envi able position on the American boards. See Life, bif his dau(jhtei;N.Y.,l85G. Booth, MRS. MART H. C., poet, b. Ct., 1831; d. N.Y. City, 11 Apr., 1865. She m. an editor, with whom she went to Milwaukee, Wis., ab. 1850. She resided a few years in Zurich for the benefit of her impaired health, corresponding with some American papers and BOO 105 BOS journals, and, in 1864, pub. a vol. of poems, : Wayside Blossoms." She returned to N.Y. in that year. Booth, MARY L., author and translator, b. Yaphank, L.I., April 19, 1831. In 1845-6, she taught in her father s school at Williams- burg, L.I., but relinquished the pursuit on ac count of ill health. She then became a con- trib. to various journals and magazines. She has translated many works from the French. In 1859, she pub. " A Hist, of the City of New York." She is at present engaged in translat ing Henri Martin s " History of France." Duyckinck. Borda, JEAN CHARLES, a scientific French navigator, b. Dax, 4 May, 1733 ; d. Paris, 20 Feb. 1799. He was a teacher of mathematics; became a capt. in the French navy, and by his scientific knowledge was of great service to the Count D Estaing during the Amer. war, in which he com. the " Solitaire" with distinction. Made a member of the Acad. of Sciences in 1756. In 1771, he made a voyage to Amer. for scientific purposes, and again in 1774, and at a later period, of which he pub. an account in 1778. He founded the School of Naval Architecture in France, invented nautical in struments, was one of the scientific men who framed the French metric system, and pub. some treatises on hydraulics. Member of the French Institute. Borden SIMEON, civil engineer, b. Fall River, Ms., Jan. 29, 1798; d. there Oct. 28, 1856. Brought up at Tiverton, R.I., he studied mathematics and geometry, as applied to me chanical combinations, arid made himself one of the ablest practical mechanics of his day. Becoming a surveyor, he made his own survey ing compass, took charge of a machine-shop in Fall River in 1828, and in 1830 devised and constructed for the State of Ms. an apparatus for measuring the base line of the trigonomet rical survey of that State, of which he took charge in 1834-41. An account of it may be found in " The Amer. Phil. Transactions," vol. ix., p. 34. He traced and marked the boundary lines between Ms. and R.I. ; also constructed several railroads, and pub. in 1851 "Formula for Constructing Railroads." In 1851, he sus pended a telegraph-wire across the Hudson, from the Palisades to Fort Washington, upon masts 220 feet high. Member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, the Philos. Society, and other learned bodies. Bordley, JOHN BE ALE, judge and agric. writer, b. Annapolis, Md., Feb. 11, 1727; d. Phila., Jan. 26, 1804. A lawyer by profession, he was prothonotary of Baltimore Co. in 1753-66; judge of the Prov. Court in 1766, and of the Admiralty Court in 1767-76, and a commissioner to fix the boundary line be tween Md. and Del. in 1768. He was one of the few who held seats in the Prov. councils of the time, who acquiesced in the Revol., and rejoiced in its accomplishment. Removing to Phila. in 1793, he established there the first agric. society in the U. S. Fond of husbandry, by his experiments upon his estate in Wye Is land, in Chesapeake Bay, and by his writings, he was instrumental in diffusing a knowledge of the art. He pub. " Forsy th on Fruit-Trees, with Notes ; " " On Rotation of Crops," 1 792 , " Essays and Notes on Husbandry and Rural Affairs, with plates," 1799-1801 ; and " A View of the Courses of Crops in Eng. and Md.," 1784. Borland, SOLON, soldier and statesman, b. Va. ; d. in Texas, Jan. 31, 1864. Educated in N.C. Settled as a physician in Little Rock, Ark. Served in the Mexican war as maj. in Yell s caval. ; made prisoner with Maj. Gaines in Jan. 1847, and aide-de-camp to Gen. Worth in the battle of ElMolino, and up to the capture of the city of Mexico, Sept. 14, 1847. U. S. senator from Ark. from 1849 to 1853, and was app. by Pres. Pierce minister to Central Amer. He also received from him the app. of gov. of the Territory of New Mexico, but declined. An insult offered him in May, 1854, at San Juan de Nicaragua, was the principal cause for the bombardment of the town by Com mander Hollins of the sloop-of-war " Cyane," July 13, 1854. He resumed practice at Little Rock, until the spring of 1861, when, long before the secession of the State, he raised a body of troops, and, Apr. 24, took possession of Fort Smith. He held the rank of brig.-gen. in the rebel army. Boscawen, EDWARD, a Brit, admiral, b. Aug. 19, 1711 ; d. Jan. 10, 1761. Capt. R.N. 12 Mar. 1737. Having particularly disting. himself at Portobello and at Carthagena, he was in 1744 promoted to " The Dreadnought " of 60 guns, in which he took " The Media." At the battle off Cape Finisterre in 1747, he signalized himself under Anson, and, being made a rear-admiral, was despatched in 1748, with a squadron, to the East Indies. Failing in an attempt on Pondicherry, he succeeded in making himself master of Madras, and, upon returning to Eng., took his seat at the admi ralty board in 1751. In 1755, he sailed for N. Amer., and, in an action with a French squad ron, captured two ships of the line. In 1758, he succeeded in reducing Louisburg and Cape Breton in conjunction with Gen. Amherst, who com. the land forces; and in 1759, having then the com. in the Mediterranean, pursued the Toulon fleet under De la Clue through the Straits of Gibraltar, and, coming up with it in Lagos Bay, completely defeated it, burning two ships, and taking three. The thanks of parliament, and 3,000 a year, with the rank of gen. of marines, was the reward of these services. M. P. 1743-61. Bostwick, DAVID, Presb. divine, b. New Milford, Ct., Jan. 8, 1721 ; d. N.Y. City, Nov. 12, 1763. A. M. of N. J. Coll. 1756. John, his grandfather, came from Cheshire, Eng., to Stratford, Ct., ab. 1668. After teaching in an acad. at Newark, N. J., he was pastor of the church at Jamaica, L. I., from Oct. 9, 1745, to May, 1756, and of the Presb. church in N.Y., from 1756 till his death. He was a man of great eloquence. He pub. a sermon, " Self disclaimed, and Christ exalted," 1758; a " Life of President Davies," prefixed to his sermon on the " Death of George II." 1761 ; and a " Vindication of Infant Baptism," repub. Lond., 1765. Sprague. Bostwick, HELEN LOUISE (BARROW), poet, b. Charlestown, N.H., 1826. Dau. of Dr. 330S 106 BOTJ Putnam Barrow ; removed to 0. in 1838; ra. there in 1844; resides at Ravenna, 0. Long a contrib. to literary journals. A vol. of her poems has been pub. in N.Y., entitled " Buds, Blossoms, and Berries." Poets and Poetry of the West. BOSSU, F., a French traveller, b. Baigneux- les-juifs, ab. 1725. Capt. in the navy, he was one of the first travellers who explored La. He made three journeys in this country by order of his government, and pub. an account of his discoveries, in two works, entitled " Noaveaux Voyages aux Indies Occi dental es," etc. Paris, 1763, translated into English by J. B. Forster, with the title of " Travels through that Part of North America formerly called Louisi ana, Lond., 1771; and " Nouueaux Voyages dans VAmerique Septentrionale" Amsterdam, 1777, 8vo. BotetOUTt, NORBONNE BERKELEY, Bar on de, one of the last and best of the royal governors of Va., b. ab. 1734; d. Williams- burg, Va., Oct. 15, 1770. Son of John Symes Berkeley ; was col. of the N. Gloucestershire militia in 1761 ; represented that shire in par liament, and in 1764 was raised to the peer age. Having ruined himself by gaining, he became, says Junius, " a cringing, bowing, fawning, sword-bearing courtier." In July, 1768, he was made gov. of Va. Instructed to assume more dignity than was usual with colonial governors, he paraded the streets of Williamsburg with guards, a coach, and other insignia of vice-regal pomp. The Va. Assem bly, having in 1769 passed resolutions against parliamentary taxation, and the sending ac cused persons to Eng. for trial, was dissolved by him. He was deeply mortified by the wid ening of the breach between Eng. and the Colonies, and soon after d. of disease aggravated by mental suffering. In 1774, a statue was erected to his memory by the Assembly. He was a warm friend to William and Mary Coll. and was extremely partial to literary men. Botta, ANNE CHARLOTTE (LYNCH), poet ess, b. Bennington, Vt. Her father, one of the United Irishmen of 98, was banished for life, and came to Amer. Miss Lynch, who was educated at Albany, began early to contrib. to literary journals ; pub. at Providence, in 1841, " The R.I. Book," and soon after removed to N. Y. City. A coll. of her poems, illustrated by Durand, Darley, Huntington, Brown, and other artists, has been pub. Her prose contribs. to periodicals, consisting of essays, tales, and criticisms, are numerous. She was m. in 1855 to Vincenzo Botta, nephew of the historian of America, formerly doctor of philosophy and divinity in the U. of Turin, member of the Sardinian parliament of 1849, and author of a work on public education, pub. under the patronage of that government ; author, also, of " Hand-book of Universal Literature." Botta, CARLO GIUSEPPE GUGLIELMO, an Italian historian, b. San Giorgio Canavese, Piedmont, Nov. 6, 1766; d. Paris, Aug. 10, 1837. He received a medical education at Tu rin, and occupied his leisure in studying bota ny, music, and literature. In 1792, he was imprisoned, and put to the torture, on a politi- tal accusation, but, after 17 months incarcer ation, established his innocence, and vas re leased. He then went to France, served as a sur geon in the Army of the Alps, then in that of Italy, and produced his first work, a plan of govt. for Lombardy. While stationed in 1796, in the Venetian Islands of the Adriatic, he wrote his " Historical and Medical Description of the Island of Corfu." In 1798, he was app. a mem ber of the provisional govt. of Piedmont, which the Austro-Russian invasion soon terminated. He went to France, and was restored to his rank in the medical staff of the Army of Italy. After the battle of Marengo, he was one of the executive commission for the govt. of Pied mont, and in that capacity procured the release from prison of the man who had caused his own imprisonment and torture. He also aided in the establishment of a permanent fund for pub lic instruction. When, in 1802, Piedmont was re-annexed to France, he became a member of the administrative council, and in 1803 was the representative of the dept. in the deputation to Bonaparte. He then pub. his " Precis His- torique de la liaison de Sawrie et du Piemont." In 1804, he represented the dept. of the Dora in the legisl. body,and thenceforth resided in Paris. In 1808 and 9, he was vice-pres. of the legisl. assembly. On the fall of Napoleon, he retired to private life. In 1815, he pub. "11 Camilla o vejo conquistala," an epic poem in 12 cantos. From 1817 to 1822, he was rector of the acad. of Rouen. His " History of Italy, from 1789 to 1814," appeared in 1824. In 1830, he pub. his "History of Italy, from 1532 to 1789." His "History of the American Revol." was pub. in Paris in 1809, and was translated by G. W. Otis of Boston. It was long the best work on that subject. Botsford, WILLIAM, jurist, b. N. Haven, Ct., Apr. 1773; d. Sackville, N.B., 8 May, 1864. Y.C. 1792. Amos, his father, a loyalist, b. Newtown, Ct., 31 Jan. 1744; d. St. John, 14 Mar. 1812 (Y. C. 1763). He was a law yer, and was two years speaker of the N. S. assembly. The son was adm. to the bar in 1795; was judge of Vice-Admiralty of N. B., 1802-7; member of the assembly, 1812-17; speaker, 1817-23 ; solicitor-gen. 1817-1823, and was judge of the Supreme Court in 1823-46. BottS, JOHN MINOR, Whig politician, b. Dumfries, Prince Wm. Co., Va., 16 Sept. 1802; d. Richmond, Va., 8 Jan. 1869. He lost his parents at the burning of the Richmond Thea tre in 1811. Adm. to the bar in 1820, he prac tised 6 years, and then retired to a farm in Hen- rico Co. Prominent in the legisl. in 1833-9; M. C. 1839-43 and 1847-9; a supporter of Mr. Clay for the Presidency in 1844 ; afterwards attached himself to the Amer. party ; opposed the repeal of the Mo. Compromise, and did his best to prevent the secession of Va., after which he retired to his farm, an object of hatred to his fellow-citizens. In Mar. 1862, he was taken at night, and kept in prison 8 weeks in solitary confinement. In 1866, he was prominent in the Southern Loyalists Convention, and la bored earnestly for the earlv restoration of his State to the Union. After the war, he pub. " The Great Rebellion, its Secret History, &c." Boucher, JONATHAN, Pr.-Ep. clergyman, b. Blencogo, Cumb. Co., Eng., March 12, 1738 ; BOU 107 d. Epsom, 27 Apr. 1804. He came to Amer. in 1 754 ; was a private tutor some time ; afterward an Epis. clergyman at Hanover and St. Mary s Parish, Va., until 1775, when, being a loyalist, his estates were confiscated, and he went to Eng., where he was, until his d., vicar of Ep som. He pub. in 1797 " A View of the Causes and Consequences of the Amer. Revol.," in 13 discourses preached in N. A., 1763-75. He subsequently prepared a " Glossary of Provin cial and Archaeological Words," purchased of his family in 1831 for the proprietors of Web ster s Dictionary. Boucher (boo -sha ),PiERRE, gov. of Trois Rivieres, Canada, pub. in 1664 an account of Canada, entitled "Histoire Veritable et Naturelle des Mceurs et Productions." He was sent to France to represent the temporal and spiritual wants of the colony, and lived nearly a cen tury. Bouchette (boo-sheY), JOSEPH, topogra pher, b. Canada, 1774; d. Montreal, Apr. 9, 1841. Son of Commo. B., who was disting. in the early operations of the war of the Revol. on the northern frontier. The son, in 1790, en tered the office of his uncle, Maj. Holland, sur veyor-gen, of British N. A., to which office he succeeded in 1804. He served meanwhile in the prov. navy on the Lakes, and in the Roy. Cana dian Vols., until 1802. He was actively em ployed in the campaigns of 1813 and 1814. In Aug. 1814, he went to Eng. to pub. his topog. and geog. description of Canada, which ap peared in 1816. While there, he was app. sur veyor-gen., under the treaty of Ghent, for estab lishing the boundary between the British pos sessions and the U. S. This labor occupied him during the years 1817 and 1818. During a second visit to Eng., he pub. "The British Do minions in N. A.," 1831, the result of 15 years labor on the geography, topography, and sta tistics of the country ; and " Topog. Diet, of Lower Canada," 4to, 1832. Bouck, WILLIAM C., statesman, b. Scho- harie Co., N.Y., 1786 ; d. there Apr. 19, 1859. He was early elected to town offices ; was app. sheriff of the county, 1812; member of the State Assembly, 1813, 15, and 17; State sen ator, 1820; canal commissioner, 1821-40; gov. of the State, 1843-5; member of the Const. Conv. in 1846; and from 1846 to 1849 was assist, treasurer in N. Y. City. The last ten years of his life were devoted to agriculture. Boudinpt, ELIAS, LL.D. (Y. C. 1790), philanthropist, b. Phila., May 2, 1740; d. Bur lington, N. J., Oct. 24, 1821. Of Huguenot descent. He received a classical education, and studied law under Richard Stockton, whose sis ter he m., and became eminent in his profession. In 1777-8, he was commissary-gen, of prison ers, and in 1778-9, and 1781-3, was a delegate to Congress, of which body he was chosen pres. in 1 782, and in that capacity signed the treaty of peace. Resuming the practice of law, he was M. C. 1789-95, and in 1795 succeeded Rit- tenhouse as director of the U. S. mint, which office he resigned in 1805. He devoted himself earnestly to the study of biblical literature, and, being possessed of an ample fortune, made liberal donations to various charitable and theol. Uisiitutions. He was the first pres. of the Bi ble Society, which he assisted in creating in 1816, and to which he gave $10,000; was a member of the Board of Commissioi ers for Foreign Missions, to whom he gave 100 ster ling ; and was a trustee of Princeton Coll., in which he founded in 1805 the cabinet of natu ral history, which cost $3,000. He was deeply interested in the efforts to meliorate the con dition of the Indians, to instruct the deaf and dumb, to educate youth for the ministry, and to relieve the wants and miseries of the sick or suffering poor ; and his home was the seat of hospitality and benevolence. By his last will, he bequeathed his large estate principally to charitable uses. Dr. Boudinot pub. " The Age of Revelation," 1790; an Oration before the Society of the Cincinnati, 1793 ; " Second Advent of the Messiah," 1815 ; "Star in the West, or An Attempt to discover the Long-lost Tribes of Israel," 8vo, 1816, in which he con curs with Adair in the opinion that the Indi ans are the lost tribes. Bougainville (boo -gan -veT), Louis AN- TOINE, a French navigator, b. Paris, 11 Nov. 1729; d. August 31, 1811. He studied for the bar, and was adm. a counsellor of the Par liament of Paris. He paid particular attention to mathematics, and pub. in 1752 a work on the Integral Calculus. In 1753, he became aide-de-camp to Gen. Chevert. He then went to London as sec. of embassy, and was made fellow of the Royal Society. He afterwards served as aide-de-camp under the Marquis de Montcalm, in Canada, was sent to France in 1758 to demand re-enforcements, and returned to Canada in 1759 a col. and a Knight of St. Louis. It was principally owing to his exer tions in 1758, that 5,000 French withstood suc cessfully an English army of 16,000 men. On the capture of Quebec, where he distinguished himself greatly, he returned home, and in 1760 was aide-de-camp of Chpiseul Stainville in Ger many. Peace ensuing, he engaged in the naval service. In his voyage round the world in 1766-9, pub. in 1771, he enriched geography with a great number of discoveries. He com. with distinction ships of the line in the Ameri can war, disting. himself in all the engage ments between the fleets of France and Eng. He was made commodore in 1779, and in 1780 obtained further promotion. In the memora ble defeat of De Grasse, " The Auguste,"com. by Bougainville, suffered most severely, but maintained its station in the line to the last extremity, and by a judicious movement suc ceeded in rescuing 8 sail of his own division, which he conducted safely to St. Eustace. He endeavored, ineffectually, to allay the disturb ances at Brest in 1790. but at length retired from professional employment, after having served in the army and navy with great repu tation for more than 40 years. In : 796, he was elected a member of the geog. section of the institute, and afterwards of the Bureau des Longitudes. He was made a senator on the cre ation of that body, and afterwards a count of the empire. Commersan, who accompanied him in his vovage round the world, as botan ist, gave his name to a new genus of plants of the family of Nyctaginea, or night-blooming flowers. BOU 108 BOTJ Bouille (boo -ya ), FRANCIS CLAUDE AMOUR, Marquis de, a French gen., b. Auvergne, Nov. 19, 1739; d. London, Nov. 14, 1800. He entered early upon a military career, disting. himself in the seven-years war ; was app. gov. of Guadaloupe in 1768; and, during the Ainer. war, conquered Dominica, St. Eu- statia, Tobago, St. Christopher, Nevis, and Montscrrat, disting. himself no less by his mag nanimity than by his prowess. Returning to Paris after the peace of 1783, he was app. a lieut.-gen., and after travelling in England, where he received tokens of admiration from the merchants, through Holland, and a great part of Germany and the Cont., he was made chief of the province Trois-Jvech&. In the assembly of notables, he supported the proposed reforms of Calenne, and displayed bravery and ability in repressing the outbreak of the garri sons of Metz and Nancy, but was distrusted by the revolutionists. He concerted the plan for the escape of Louis XVI., which doubtless would have succeeded, but for the prohibition of bloodshed by the king, and which, even then, came so near succeeding, as to turn upon the slightest accidents. After enlisting under the banners of Conde , and sharing the dan gers and fatigues of the emigrant nobility, he went to Eng. in 1796. There he wrote his in teresting and impartial "Memoirs of the Revol.," London, 1797. Boulbon (or RAOUSSET-BOULBON), GAS- TON RAOULX, Comte de, a French adventurer, b. Avignon, 1817 ; d. near Guaymas, Aug. 12, 1854. After having squandered his estate in Paris and Algiers, he went, in 1852, to Cal., induced a number of adventurers to join him in an exped. to Sonora, and took pos session of the Mexican gold-mines at the point of the bayonet. He then raised 500 men, seized Arispe, the capital of Sonora, and pro claimed a republic. Defeated by the Mexicans Jan. 4, 1853, he returned to Cal., from whence he planned a new invasion in April, 1854, but, again repulsed by the Mexicans July 13, he was captured, and put to death. An account of him was pub. in Paris in 1855. Bouquet, GEN. HENRY, a British officer, b. Rolle, Switzerland, 1719 ; d. Pensacola, Fla., Feb. 1766. Entering the Dutch service, he was afterward in that of Sardinia, and in 1748 was a lieut.-col. in the Swiss Guards, in the service of Holland. He entered the English army as lieut.-col. in 1756 ; Feb. 19, 1762, col. 60th Foot; brig.-gen. 1765. He co-operated actively with Gen. Forbes, and Oct. 12, 1758, repulsed an attack by a large body of French and Indians at Loyal Hanna, which was fol lowed by the capture of Fort Duquesne. Sent from Canada by Gen. Amherst for the relief of Fort Pitt, he was attacked Aug. 5 and 6, 1763, by a large Indian force, but by skill and bravery defeated them, and reached the fort with supplies four days later. In an exped. against the Ohio Indians, in Oct. 1764, he compelled the Shawanese, Delawares, and others, to make peace at Tuscarawas. An ac count of this exped., by Wm. Smith, D.D., was pub. in Phila., 1765, with map and plates. Bourlamarque (boor -la-mark), M. DE, a French gen. ; d. 1764, gov. of the Island of Guadaloupe. Col. of engineers ; arrived with Montcalm in Canada, May, 1756 ; directed the operations at the capture of Forts Oswego and George, 14 Aug. 1756, in which he was wound ed ; at the capture of Fort Wm. Henry, com. the left column, and directing the siege, and risked his life to save the English from massa cre after the capitulation; 9 July, 1757, he commanded the left of the defences of Ticon- deroga against the assault of Gen. Abercrom- bie, and was dangerously wounded ; promoted brig.-gen. 19 Feb. 1759; com. at Ticonderoga, which he blew up and abandoned in July, 1759; retired to the Isle AuxNoix; disting. and again wounded at the battle of Sillery, 28 Apr. 1760; returned to France after the con quest of Canada; 1 Aug. 1762, he addressed a memoir on Canada to the French Govern ment, which see in O Callaghan s Paris Docs, x. p. 1139. Bourne, BENJAMIN, LL.D., jurist, b. Bris tol, R.I., Sept. 9, 1755; d. Sept. 17, 1808. H.U. 1775. Grandson of Ezra (chief-justice C. C. P. Barnstable Co.), who was grandson of Benj. Was an able lawyer, often a member of the State legisl. ; M. C. 1790-6 ; and in 1801 was app. judge of the Circuit Court of the U.S. Bourne, RICHARD, missionary to the Marshpee Indians, b. Eng. ; d. Sandwich, Ms., in 1682. Acquiring the Indian language, he began as early as 1658 to devote himself to their instruction and welfare, and was ord. pastor of the Indian Church at Marshpee, Aug. 17, 1670. Bouton, JOHN BELL, author, b. Concord, N.H., Mar. 15, 1830. Dartm. Coll. 1849. He read law; became in 1851 associate editor of the Cleveland Plain Dealer ; removed to N. Y. City in 1857, and was one of the editors of the Journal of Commerce, 1857-64 ; and is engaged in commercial business in that city. He pub. "Loved and Lost," a series of essays, 1857 ; " Round the Block," a novel, 1864 ; " Treasury of Travel and Adventure," 1865 ; andcontrib. most of the scientific articles to the New Am. Cyclop, for 1866. Alumni D. C. Bouton, REV. NATHANIEL, D.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1851), b. Norwalk, Ct., settled over a Cong, church in Concord, N.H., 23 Mar. 1825. Y.C. 1821 ; And. Sem. 1824. Author of "Memoir of Mrs. Eliz. McFarland," 1839; " Hist. Discourse on the 200th Anniv. of the Settlement of Norwalk, Ct., 9 July, 1851 ;" " The Fathers of the N.H. Ministry," a dis course, 22 Aug. 1848 ; " Hist, of Education in N.H." a discourse, 12 June, 1833; "History of Concord, N.H." 1856; "Discourse Com- mem. of a 40 years Ministry, Concord, 23 Mar. 1865." Boutwell, GEORGE SEWALL, LL.D. (H. U. 1851 ), statesman, b. Brookline, Ms., Jan. 28, 1818. He worked on a farm when a boy ; was engaged in mercantile business 20 years; then studied law, and was adm. to the bar; was 7 years in the Ms. legisl. between 1842 and 50 ; member of the Const. Conv. of Ms. in 1853; bank commissioner, 1849-50; gov. of Ms., 1851-3 ; 5 years sec. of the Ms. Board of Education; 6 years member of the Board of Overseers of Harvard Coll. ; first commis sioner of interval revenue, from July, 1862, to BOTJ 109 BOW Mar. 1863; M. C. 1863-9; sec. of the U. S. treasury Mar. 1869 to Mar. 1873. One of the managers of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson in 1868. A vol. of his " Speeches and Papers " was pub. in 1867. Author of " Manual of U. S. Direct, and Excise Tax System," 1863. Resides in Groton, Mass. Bouvier, JOHN, jurist, b. Codognan, France, 1787 ; d. Phila., Nov 18, 1851. Of a Quaker family, which emigrated to this coun try in 1802. He was employed in a bookstore some years, pub. a newspaper, The American Telegraph, at Brownsville in Western Pa., 1814 ; studied law, and was adm. to the bar at Uniontown, Fayette Co., in 1818. At this place, he pub. The Genius of Liberty and American Telegraph, from Apr. 181 8, to July, 1820. He began practice in Phila. in 1823 ; was recorder of Phila., Jan. 1836; asso. judge of the Court of Criminal Sessions from Mar. 1838, and was learned in the law, as well as in the literature of several languages. He pub. a " Law Dictionary," 1839; an edition of "Bacon s Abridgment of the Law," in 1841, and "In stitutes of American Law," 1851. Bovadilla (bo-va-deT-ya), DON FRANgois DE, an arrogant and incompetent Spanish gov. ; d. June 29, 1502. He was commander of the order of Calatrava, and in 1500 was sent to Saint Domingo by Ferdinand and Isabella, charged to examine the conduct of Columbus, and, if he found him guilty, to deprive him of command, and seize his person. He performed the latter part of his instructions regardless of the former, seized upon the authority on his arrival, put Columbus in irons, and sent him home to Spain, with an act of accusation filled with contemptible charges. Bovadilla was soon succeeded by Nicolas Ovando ; and Columbus was restored to liberty. The persecutor of this great man embarked in the Spanish fleet, to render an account to his country of his conduct, and perished in a tempest with the greater part of the vessels which accompanied him. Boves (bo -v6s), JOSEPH THOMAS, a Span ish-American partisan ; d.Dec. 5, 1814. He was a Castilian of low origin, a sergeant of marines ; afterwards served in the coast-guard, but was punished by imprisonment for allowing him self to be bribed, and, on leaving prison, became a peddler. Becoming a capt. of militia in 1810, the defeat of the royalist Cagigal, to whose corps he was attached, decided him to make war on his own account. He established himself at Calabozo, and with about 500 men, mostly slaves, defeated Marino, dictator of the eastern provinces. Thenceforward with his little army, swollen with vagabonds, escaped convicts (black and white), he commenced a devastating partisan warfare. His atrocities gave his horde the well-merited name of the " Infernal Division ; " and the butchery of 1,200 prisoners was the commencement of a long series of similar barbarities on both sides. Feb. 19, 1814, he defeated Bolivar at Saint Mateo, and again, June 14 ; Boves then advanced upon Valencia, raised the siege of Porto Cabello, driving back the independents : the city capi tulated. To give to the articles of capitulation a more solemn sanction, mass was celebrated between the two armies ; and, at the moment of the elevation, the royalist gen. promised a faithful and strict observance of the treaty. Entering the city, Boves had the repub. officers and a number of soldiers shot. Again a con queror at Antirnano, Bolivar withdrew to Bar celona ; and the Spaniards entered Caracas. Aug. 8, he gained a new success, killing or wounding 1,500 of the independents, and tak ing four pieces of cannon. Dec. 5, he saw at Urica his last triumph, being killed by the thrust of a lance. Nouv. Biog. Univ. Bowden, JOHN, D.D., a Pr.-Ep. divine, b. Ireland, Jan. 1751 ; d. Ballston, N.Y., July 31, 1817. Col. Coll. 1772. The son of a British officer who served during the French war, he followed his father to Arner., and, after study ing 2 years at N. J. Coll., returned with him to Ireland. He came to Amer. again in 1770, studied divinity, and returned to Eng., where he was ord. in 1774. In the summer of that year, he returned to N.Y., where he became assistant minister of Trinity Church. He took charge of the church at Norwalk, Ct., from Dec. 1784, until Oct. 1785, when weakness of the lungs induced him to take charge of the church at St. Croix in the West Indies. Com pelled, after two years residence, to give up preaching, he settled at Stratford, Ct. From 1796 to 1805, he had charge of the Ep. acad. in Cheshire, Ct., and from 1801 to 1817 was prof, of moral philos. and belles-lettres in Col. Coll. He pub. a number of controversial letters, an address to the members of the Ep. church in Stratford, some remarks, &c. ; A Full-length Portrait of Calvinism ; The Essentials of Or dination, and Observations on the Catholic Controversy. S. T. D. (Col. Coll. 1797.) Bowditch, NATHANIEL, LL.D. (H. U. 1816), F.R.S., mathematician and astronomer, b. Salem, Mar. 26, 1773; d. Boston, Mar. 16, 1838. The poverty of his parents occasioned his withdrawal from school at the age of 10, and, after an apprenticeship in a ship-chandler s shop until he was 21, he spent nine years in a seafaring life, attaining the rank of master. He was pres. of a Marine-Ins. Co. in Salem, from 1804 to 1823, when he became actuary of the Ms. Hospital Life-Ins. Co. in Boston. By his extraordinary genius and industry, he made great acquisitions in knowledge, mastered many languages, and did more for the reputation of his country among men of science abroad, than has been done by any other man, except, per haps, Dr. Franklin. " He pub. in 1800, while engaged as a supercargo, his well-known " Practical Navigator," still a standard work of great utility and value. Among his scien tific labors were numerous and important com munications to the memoirs of the An.er. Acad., of which he was pres. ; but his fame as a man of science will DrinciDallv rest on his Commentary on the Me canique Cdeste of La Place, of which he made the first entire trans lation, and which he has elucidated in a man ner that commands the admiration of scienti fic men. The elucidations and commentaries of Bowditch formed more than half the work. They record subsequent discoveries, and show the sources whence La Place derived assistance. He contrib. many valuable papers to " The Memoirs of the Amer. Acad./ and an article BOW 110 33OW on Modern Astronomy to vol. 20 " North Am. Review." At his death, he was a member of the principal scientific societies of Europe. He twice had a seat in the executive council of Ms. See Memoir, by his son N. I. Bowditch, 1840. Bowditch, NATHANIEL INGERSOLL, con veyancer, and historical writer, b. Salem, Jan. 17, 1805; d. Brookline, Ms., Apr. 16, 1861. H.U. 1822. Eldest son of the eminent math ematician. He was adm. to the Suffolk bar in 1825, but a few years afterward relinquished practice, and devoted himself to business as a conveyancer. He was noted for accuracy and thoroughness; and a proof of his industry is found in the 55 folio vols. of land-titles he had written, containing nearly 30,000 pages, and also plans and maps. In Apr. 1835, he m. a dau. of the wealthy Ebenezer Francis, and, having a large income, devoted much of it to charitable objects. Under the signature of " Gleaner," he contrib. many articles of histor ical interest and value to the Boston Tran script. Author of " A History of the Ms. Gen eral Hospital," 1851, 3 editions of "Suffolk Surnames," and " Memoir of N. Bowditch," 1840. Bowdoin, JAMES, LL.D. (U. of Edinb. 1785), statesman, b. Boston, Aug. 7, 1726 ; d. Nov. 6, 1790. H. U. 1745. He was of a Huguenot family who landed at Falmouth, Me., in 1687, and in 1690 removed to Boston. On the day succeeding their removal, the in habitants of Casco Bay were all cut off, and the settlement burnt, by the Indians. The death of his father, Sept. 8, 1747, put him in possession of an ample fortune. At 24, he had formed an acquaintance with Franklin, who communicated to him his papers on electricity, and with whom he frequently corresp. He be came a member of the Gen. Court in 1753, and senator and councillor in 1756. Prominent in opposing the royal gov. before the Re vol., his writings and other services were eminently useful. Such was his prominence, that Gov. Bernard negatived him as a councillor in 1769, upon which he was at once elected a represen tative. Chosen delegate to Congress in 1774, he was prevented by illness from attending. Member of the committee of corresp., pres. of the council of govt., pres. in 1779 of the con vention for forming a Constitution, and in 1785 and 1786 was gov. of Ms.; member of the convention which adopted the Federal Consti tution in 1 788. During his administration, the " Shays Rebellion " in the western counties oc curred ; but it was quickly suppressed by his vigorous and decisive ^ measures. His health was precarious, and his life a long consump tive disease ; but he was always vigorous in public affairs. One of the founders, and first pres., of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, from 1780 till his death, and bequeathed to it his valuable library. He aided in founding the Ms. Humane Society, ami was a benefactor of Har. Coll., to which he left a handsome legacy. He contrib. 3 pieces to the Pietas et Gratulatw, on the accession of George III., and was the author of a vol. of verses, pub. anonymously in Boston in 1759. Bowdoin, JAMKS, diplomatist, only son of the preceding, b. Sept. 22, 1752; d. Nau shon Island, Ms., Oct. 11, 1811. II. U. 1771. Pie spent several years travelling in Europe, and one year in the study of law at the U. of Oxford. Returning to Amer. in 1775, he suc cessively filled the offices of representative, member of the Const. Conv. of 1789, senatot and councillor, and in May, 1805, proceeded to the court of Madrid as ministcr-plenipo., returning home in Apr. 1808. He was a mu nificent patron of Bowd. Coll., to which he made a donation of 6,000 acres of land, and more than 1,100. He pub. a translation of Daubenton s " Advice to Shepherds," and, anonymously, " Opinions Respecting the Com mercial Intercourse between the U.S. and Great Britain." He brought home with him from Paris an extensive library, philosophical ap paratus, and a collection of paintings ; all of which he left at his death to Bowd. Coll., to gether with the reversion of the Island of Xau- shon, which had been his favorite residence. Bowen, FRANCIS, author, b. Charlestown, Ms., Sept. 8, 1811. H.U. (with the highest honors) 1833. From 1835 to 1839, he was in structor there in intellectual philos. and politi cal economy. Returning from a visit to Europe in 1841, he established himself in Cam bridge, pub. " Virgil," with English notes, and a vol. of critical essays on speculative phi losophy, in 1842. He edited the N. A. Review from 1843 to 1854, and delivered two courses of Lowell Lectures in 1848-9, on the application of metaphysical and ethical science to the evi dences of religion, pub. in 1849 and in 1855. In the winter of 1850, he delivered a course of lectures on political economy before the Lowell Institute, and another, in 1842, on the origin and development of the Eng. and Amer. Constitutions. In 1853, he succeeded Dr. Walker as Alford Prof, of natural religion, moral philos., and civil polity. In 1854, he pub. an abridgment of Stuart s Philos., with notes, and in the same year compiled and edit ed "Documents of the Constitution of Eng. and Amer., from Magna Charta to the Federal Constitution of 1789." To Sparks s Biog., he contrib. lives of Phipps, Steuben, Otis, and Gen. Lincoln. He has written much in defence of the doctrines of Locke and Berkeley, and against those of Kant, Fichte, and Cousin. Since the commencement of 1858, he has deli vered a course of lectures bef. Lowell Inst., on the English mctaphysicans and philosophers. Bowen, JOHN S., maj.-gen. C. S. A., b. Ga., 1829; d. Raymond, Mpi., July 13, 1863. West Point, 1853. Entering the mounted rifles, he resigned, May 1, 1856, and settled in St. Louis as an architect. He was adj. to Gen. Frost at the time of the expecl. to the border in search of Montgomery, and, when the Rebellion broke out, took com. of the 2d regt. of Frost s brigade. He was acting chief of the staff to Gen. Frost at the Camp Jackson affair. Disregarding his parole, he raised at Memphis the 1st Mo. Inf., which was unsur passed in gallantry, discipline, or drill. He comd. a brigade in Breckenridge s corps at Shiloh, April 6, 1862, and was severely wound ed. He com. at the battle near Port Gibson, in May, 1863, stubbornly resisting Gen. Grant s 111 BOY Advance. He was in all the subsequent battles around Vicksburg; was prominent in the ne gotiations for its surrender, and is said to have died of mortification at that event. Bowen, NATHANIEL, D.D. (H.U. 1803), Pr.-Ep. bishop of S.C., b. Boston, 1779; d. Aug. 25, 1839. S.C. Coll. 1796. He became a tutor in that institution, and, having com pleted his theol. studies at Boston, was in 1800 adm. to orders, and became, in Oct. 1802, assist, minister of St. Michael s Church, Charleston, S.C. He was rector of this church in 1808, and of Grace Church, N.Y.,from 1809 to 1818, when he was elected bishop (conse crated, Oct. 8, 1818), and was a second time rector of the parish of St. Michael s in Charles ton. Two vols. of his sermons have been pub. Bowen, OLIVER, commodore, a Revol. patriot of Augusta, Ga. ; d. Providence, R.I., Aug. 1800, a. 59. July 10, 1775, he seized a large quantity of powder at Tybee Island, near Savannah. In June, 1778, he was in the unsuccessful exped. against Wilmington. Member Provincial Congress of 1775, and of the Council of Safety. Bowie, ROBERT, gov. of Md. in 1803-5 and 1811-12; d. Nottingham, Jan. 8, 1818, a. 67. He was a captain in the 2d batt. of the Md. flying camp in 1776. Bo W-lec(" BILLY BowLEGs"),aSeminole chief; d. in the Seminole country, 11 Mar. 1859. He was a terror to the settlers of Florida, and one of the greatest Indian warri ors of this century, and had been in all the principal battles with the whites for over 30 years. Bowles, SAMUEL, journalist, b.Springfield, Ms., Feb. 9, 1826. Samuel, his father, established there the Republican, of which, since 1844, the son has been the sole conductor, and, by per severance and industry, has placed it in the first rank of Amer. journals. From 1849 to 1860, Dr. J. G. Holland (Timo. Titcomb) was assoc. editor. He spent the summer of 1862 in Europe, and in 1865 joined Speaker Colfax in a tour to the Pacific coast. His letters to the Republican, describing this journey, were pub. as " Across the Continent," 1865. " The Switzerland of America" was pub. 1869. Bowles, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS, self-styled "General" and " Indian agent," b. Frederick Co., Md., 1763; d. Havana, Dec. 23, 1805. The son of an English schoolmaster. At the age of 13, he stole from home, and, joining the Bri tish army at Phila., soon obtained a commis sion, but" at Pensacola was, for some neglect, dismissed the service. Afterward entered the service of the Creek Indians, and m. an Indian woman. He instigated many of their excesses, for which he was rewarded by the British. May 9, 1781, when Pensacola surrendered to the Spaniards, Bowles com. the Creek Indians, whom he had brought there to assist the Eng lish. For this service, he was reinstated in the British army. After the war, he joined a company of players at N. Y. ; played at the Bahamas, where he also painted portraits, thus exhibiting the versatility of his talents. Gov. Dunmore app. him trading-agent for the Creeks ; and he established a house upon the Chattahoochie, but was driven thence b} McGillivray. He then went to England : on his return, his influence with the Indians, who had chosen him com. -in-chief, was so disastrous to the Spaniards, that they offered $6,000 for his apprehension. Bowles had assumed to act among the Indians under authority of the British Govt. ; but, on inquiry by the pres., the ministry promptly and explicitly denied that they had afforded him countenance, assistance, or protection. For a long time, Bowles did all in his power to annoy Georgia, and prevent the settlement of her difficulties with the In dians. He was entrapped in Feb. 1792, sent a prisoner to Madrid, and thence to Manilla, in 1795. Obtaining leave to go to Europe, he re paired to the Creeks, and commenced his dep redations anew, but, being again betrayed into the hands of the Spaniards in 1804, he was confined in the Moro Castle, where he died. A memoir of him was pub. in London in 1791, in which he is called "Ambassador of the United Nations of Creeks and Cherokees." Bowman, SAMUEL, D.D., assist. Pr.-Ep. bishop of Pa., consec. at Phila., 25 Aug. 1858 ; d. 3 Aug. 1861. Boyd, JOHN PARKER, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Newburyport, Ms., Dec. 21, 1764 ; d. Bos ton, Oct. 4, 1830. He entered the military service of the U.S., Oct. 20, 1786. We next find him in India, at the head of 3 battalions, of 500 men each, armed and equipped at his own expense, at the service of the highest bid der, and he at one time com. 10,000 cavalry. He was in the pay of Holkar, in the Peishwa s service, and afterward in that of Niham All Khan. Arriving in Madras in July, 1789, he was given by the Nizam the command of ^ 1,000 men. Having sold out for want of em ployment, he went to Paris in 1808, and soon returned to the U.S. App. col. 4th Inf. Oct. 7, 1808, com. a brigade, and was disting. at the battle of Tippecanoe, Nov. 7, 1811. He com. the detachment of 1,500 men, of Wilkinson s army, which fought the battle of Williamsburg, Nov. 11, 1813, and led his brigade at the cap ture of Fort George, U. C. ; app. brig.-gen., Aug. 26, 1812 ; app. naval officer of the port of Boston, March 4, 1830. He pub. " Documents and Facts relative to Military Events during the Late War," 1816. Boyd, LINN, a statesman of Tenn., b. Nashville, Nov. 22, 1800; d. Ky , Dec. 18, 1859. His educational advantage s were limit ed. In 1827, he was elected to the legisl. of Tenn., serving 3 sessions, and in 1831 was re-elected. M.C. from 1835 to 1837, from 1839 to 1847, and from 1847 to 1855; and was chairman of the committee on territories in the 31st Congress, during his last term occupy ing the chair of speaker. He served one term as lieut.-gov. of Ky. Boyden, SETH, inventor, b. Foxborough, Ms., 17 Nov. 1788; d. Middleville, N.J., 31 Mar. 1870. He engaged in the leather manuf. in Newark in 1813, invented a machine for splitting leather, began the mAnuf. of patent leather in 1819, made the first malleable iron in 1826, perfected the first locomotive with the driving-rod outside the wheel, produced the first daguerrotype in America, invented the BOY 112 process of making spelter, discovered the art of making Russian sheet-iron, and patented a hat-body doming-machine used in all the hat manufs. in the U.S. Boyer, JEAN PIERRE, pres. of Hayti, h. Portau Prince, Feb. 2, 1776; d. Paris, July 9, 1850. His father was a shopkeeper and tailor in Port au Prince, and his mother was a ne- gress, who had been a slave. In 1 792, he joined the revolted blacks, then struggling against the French for their independence. Joining the French commissioners Santhonax and Polve- rel, he withdrew with them, after the arrival of the English, to Jacquemel, having previ ously disting. himself in the defence of the fort of Biroton and in other dangerous enter prises. Attaching himself while here to Ri- gaud, he set out with him for France. He took part, like many other persons of color, in the exped. of Le Clerc against St. Domingo. On the death of Le Clerc, he joined Petion s party, in whose service he became private sec., gen. of the airondissementof Port au Prince, and was finally named by him his successor. Upon the death of Petion, March 29, 1818, Boyer was immediately installed in his office, and assumed the functions of govt. On the breaking-out of the revolution in the north part of the island in 1820, he placed himself at the head of the insurgents ; and, upon Christophe s death, the north and south parts of the island were united into one govt., under his administration, by the name of the " Republic of Hayti." He was vain and weak, and destitute of ability ; and by an absurd arrangement with France, to whom he foolishly agreed to pay an indem nity of 150,000,000 francs in five equal an nual instalments, in consideration of which France merely recognized the actual govt. of Hayti, the agriculture, commerce, and wealth of Hayti, which under his govt. had gradually declined, became totally prostrated. Finally, in 1842, an insurrection took place; Boyer was overthrown, and took refuge in Jamaica until Feb. 1848, when, with his family, he settled in Paris. Boyle, JOHN, jurist, b. Botetourt Co., Va., Oct. 28, 1774; d. Jan. 28, 1834. His father emigrated to Ky. in 1779. John received a good education ; practised law at Lancaster from 1797 to 1803; was M.C. 1803-9; app. gov. of Illinois territory in 1809; judge of the Court of Appeals, April, 1809, to April, 1810; chief-justice, April, 1810, to Nov. 1826; U.S. district judge for Ky., Nov. 8, 1826, to his death. Collins s Hist. Ky. Boylston, NICHOLAS, a benefactor of Harv. Coll. ; d. Boston, Aug. 18, 1771, a. 55. He was a merchant of singular probity, and at his decease bequeathed to H. U. 1,500 to found a professorship of rhetoric and oratory, in which John Quincy Adams was installed as first prof., June 12, 1806. Boylston, ZABDIEL, F.R.S., a physician, eminent as the first to inoculate for the small pox in America, b. Brookline, 1680 ; d. Boston, March 1, 1766. After receiving a good educa tion, he studied medicine under his father and Dr. John Cutler, and in a few years acquired a reputation and a fortune. He also acquired iistinction as a naturalist, sparing no labor nor expense in obtaining rare plants, animals, and insects, manv of which, then unknown in Europe, he at different times transmitted to Eng. Upon the re-appearance of the small pox in Boston in 1721, Cotton Mather called the attention of the physicians to an account of the practice of inoculation at the East, in a vol. of the Trans, of the Philos. Society. Boyl ston was so impressed with its utility, that he immediately inoculated his own son and two servants, with complete success. He enlarged his practice, but met with great opposition from the physicians, who were unanimous in their opinion against it, from his fellow-citi zens, and the selectmen of the town, who passed an ordinance prohibiting it. He persevered in the practice, however, encouraged and justi fied by the clergy ; and, of 286 persons inocu lated in 1721 and 22, only 6 died. He enjoyed the satisfaction of seeing inoculation in general use in N.E. for some time before it became common in Eng. In 1725, he visited Eng., and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. In addition to his communications to that body, he pub. a paper on inoculation, Boston, 1721, and an hist, account of the smallpox inocula tion in N. Eng. and London, 1726. Boynton, EDWARD C., brev. maj. U.S.A., b. Vt. West Point, 1846. Entering the 2d Art. he served in the Mexican war, and was brev. capt. 20 Aug. 1847, for Contreras and for Churubusco, where he was severely wounded. Assist, prof, of chem., mineral., and geol. at VVest Point, 1848-55; served against the Seminole Indians in 1855-6, and resigned 16 Feb. 1856. Prof, of chem., ruin., and geol., U. of Mpi., 1856-61 ; capt. llth U. S. Inf. 23 Sept. 1861 ; adj. and quarterm. at West Point to 30 Sept. 1865; brev. maj. 13 Mar. 1865; transf. to 29th Inf. 21 Sept. 1866. Author of " History of West Point and the U. S Milit. Acad.," 1863; "Hist. U. S. Navy." Cul/um. Bozman, JOHN LEEDS, lawyer, poet, and historian, b. Talbot Co., Md., Aug. 25, 1757 ; d. there Apr. 23, 1823. U. of Pa. 1783. His family was among the earliest settlers in that place. He completed his legal studies at the Middle Temple in London. After considerable practice, having for several years acted as dep. atty.-gen. of the State, he abandoned the law for literature. His chief work is " The History of Maryland to the Restoration in 1660," pub. in 1836 under the auspices of the General As sembly of that State. He was a contributor to the Portfolio, and pub. an " Essav upon Colonization in Africa," in 1822. He wrote an "Historical and Philos. Sketch of the Prime Causes of the Revol. War," in which he praised Washington, and condemned Franklin ; but it was suppressed. Brace, CHARLES LORING, clergyman and author, h. Litchrield, Ct., 1826. Y. C. 1846. After a few months of school-teaching, he studied theology, completing his preparation for the ministry at the Union Theol. Sem. of N.Y., and has since been a preacher without any settled charge. In 1850, he made a pedes trian journey in Great Britain and Ireland, also visiting the Rhine, Belgium, and Paris, an ac count of which, entitled " Walks and Talks of BRA. 113 an American Farmer in England," was after ward pub. In 1851, he was tried as a spy in Hungary, but was soon set at liberty through the efforts of C. J. McCurdy, charge d affaires. Returning to the U. S., he became interested in the benevolent labors of Rev. Mr. Pease among the most degraded class in N. Y., and was subsequently chiefly instrumental in the formation of the Children s Aid Society, of which he is sec. and principal agent. In 1852, he pub. " Hungary in 1851," " Home Life in Germany, 1853; "in 1857, " Norsefolk," a description of the religious, social, and political condition of Sweden and Norway ; " Races of the Old World," 1863; "The New West," 1869, and " Short Sermons for Newsboys." Bracken, REV. JOHN, minister, arid prof, of humanities (1773-1818), and pres. of Wm. and Mary Coll. in 1813 ; d. Williamsburg, Va., 15 July, 1818. Brackenridge, HENRY M., jurist and diplomatist, son of Hugh Henry, b. Pittsburg, Pa., May 11, 1786; d. there 20 Jan. 1871. At the age of 20, being adm. to the bar, he began practice in Somerset, Pa. He descended the Mpi. in 1811, and soon received the app. of dep. atty.-gen. for the Territory of Orleans, af terwards Louisiana. Made dist. judge at 28. During the War of 1812, he furnished impor tant information to the govt., and afterwards wrote a history of the war, which was translated into French and Italian. He joined with Clay in advocating the acknowledgment of the inde pendence of the South Amer. republics. Be sides other productions, his pamphlet, under the signature of an "American," addressed to Pres. Monroe, was repub. in Eng. and France, and, being supposed to express the views of the Amer. Govt., was replied to by the Duke of San Carlos, the Spanish minister. He was one of the commissioners to the South Amer. republics in 1817-19, and, on his return, pub. his " Voy age to South Amer." In 1821, he went to Fla. with Gen. Jackson, aided him in forming his government ; was made alcalde of Pensa- cola, and in May was app. judge of the western district, in which office he remained 10 years. Removing to Pittsburg in 1833, he became an active politician, and in 1841 was named a com missioner under the treaty with Mexico. His political writings were numerous. He pub. an account of Louisiana in 1812, and, in 1834, the first vol. of his " Recollections of Persons and Places in the West." In 1847, he pub. a series of letters in favor of the Mexican war. His eulogy on Jefferson and Adams, delivered at Pensacola in Aug. 1826, was highly praised by Wirt. In 1859, he pub. a " History of the Western Insurrection, in vindication of his father.. Author also of a " Journal of a Voy age up the Missouri River," Pittsburg, 1814. Duyckinck, Brackenridge, HUGH HENRY, author and judge, b. near Campbelton, Scotland, 1748; d. Carlisle, Pa., June 25, 1816. N. J. Coll. 1771. At the age of 5, he came with his father to Pa., and supported himself, while ac quiring his education, by farming and teach ing. He became a tutor at Princeton ; was master of an acad. in Md., when the Revol. war broke out ; removed to Phila., where he was a conspicuous writer and speaker, and having studied divinity, preached sometime in that city. Relinquishing the pulpit for the bar, he edited for a time the U. S. Magazine at Phila. In 1784, he settled at Pittsburg, soon rose to the head of the bar of that section ; was sent in 1786 to the legisl. to obtain the establishment of the county of Alleghany ; was made a judge in 1789 ; and, from 1799 till his death, was judge of the State Supreme Court. The part he took in the " Whiskey Insurrec tion " made him prominent. He appeared to side with the insurgents in order to keep them within the limits of reason and law, and even tually to reconcile them, without bloodshed, to the govt. He vindicated his course in his " In cidents of the Insurrection in Western Pa in 1794," 8vo, Phila., 1795. Brackenridge de serves to be better known through his writings. He had wit, humor, and sound judgment. His judicial decisions were celebrated for their in tegrity and independence. In politics, he was a supporter of Jefferson. He pub. a poem on the " Rising Glory of America," 1 774 ; " Eulogium of the Brave who fell in the Contest with Great Britain, delivered at Phila., 4 July, 1779 ;" " Modern Chivalry, or the Adventures of Capt. Farrago," 1796, an admirable satire; " Oration, July 4, 1793 ; " " Gazette Publica tions Collected," 1806. Brackett, ALBERT G., brev. col. U.S.A., b. N.Y. 1st lieut. 4th Indiana Vols., June, 1847, and at the battle of Huamatlan, siege of Puebla and Atlixco, in Mexico ; capt. 2d U.S. cav., Mar. 1855 ; disting. in actions with Ca- manche Indians ; com. cavalry at Bull Run, Va. ; col. 9th 111. cav., Aug. 1861 ; engaged at Waddell s Farm and Cache Bayou, and wound ed at Stewart s Plantation ; maj. 1st U.S. cav., July, 1862; com. cav. brigade W. Tenn. ; en gaged in the attack on Memphis and Charles ton R.R. ; asst. insp.-gen. of cav., dept. of Cumberland, 1864; engaged at the siege of and battles in front of Atlanta, Ga., and battle of Nashville, Tenn. ; lieut.-col. 2d U.S. cav., June, 1868 ; brev. maj. for Arkansas campaign ; brev. lieut.-col. for Atlanta campaign; brev. col. for gallant and merit, services in the war. Author of " Gen. Lane s Brigade in Central Mexico," 1848; "Hist. U.S. Cavalry," 1865. Henry. Brackett, ANTHONY, a soldier, and early settler at Casco,now Portland, Me.; killed by In dians, Sept. 21, 1689. Son of Anthony of Green land, N.H. He was at Casco as early as 1662, and had a farm of 400 acres. Captured by the Indians, Aug. 11, 1676, he escaped in Nov., re turned to Casco after the peace, April 12, 1678 ; received the com. of Fort Loyall in 1682, and in 1688 held the com. of the three forts erected by Andros. His second wife, m. in 1679, was Susannah Drake of Hampton. Brackett, EDWIN E., sculptor, b. Vassalbo- rough, Me., Oct. 1, 1819. Began modelling in 1838, and has made many portrait busts, among them Harrison, Allston, R. H. Dana, sen., W. C. Bryant, Longfellow, Choate, Sumner, John Brown, Garrison, Wendell Phillips, and Gen. Butler. His group of " The Shipwrecked Mother," is at Mount Auburn. His brother, WALTER M., b. Unity, Me., 14 June, 1323, baa 114 made the painting of game-fish a specialty, and has achieved a high reputation. Tucker man. Brackett, JOSHUA, M.D., physician, b. Greenland, N.H., 5 May, 1 733 ; d. July 17,1802. H.U. 1752. He studied theology, and became a preacher, but afterwards studied medicine, and established himself at Portsmouth, N.H. He bequeathed $1,500 towards the professorship of natural history in Harv. Coll. He was also a founder and benefactor of the N.H. Med ical Society, of which he was pres. from 1793 to 1799. His wife, Hannah Whipple of Kit- tery, d. Apr. 23, 1805, a. 70, bequeathing also to that society $500. Dr. Brackett was a zeal ous patriot, a member of the committee of safety, and, during the Rcvol., was app. judge of the Maritime Court of N.H. Thacker. Bradbury, THEOPHILUS, jurist, b. New- burv, Ms., Nov. 13, 1739 ; d. there Sept. 6, 1803. H.U. 17o7. A descendant of Thomas of Salisbury. After keeping the grammar school at Falmouth, Me., he practised law there from May, 1761, until 1779, and afterward in his native town, with success ; filled several local offices ; was a representative and senator in the .Ms. legisl.; M. C. 1795-7, and was (1797-1803) a judge of the Supreme Court of Ms. Member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Bradbury, THOMAS of Salisbury, d. there Mar. 16, 1695 ; b. pr. Wicken, Eng.,*16lO. He was in N.E. in 1634; was made freeman, May 13, 1640 ; became first clerk of the writs at Salisbury, Dec. 10, 1641 ; was clerk of Norfolk Co. from Apr. 24, 1649, to Feb. 4, 1680; several years dep. to the Gen. Court; was frequently a commissioner to settle boundary disputes ; was capt. of a military co., and an asso. judge for Norfolk Co., 1659 and 1675-7. Bradbury, WILLIAM B., music teacher and composer, b. York, Me., 1816; d. Mont- clair, N.J., Jan. 7, 1868. From his parents, both of whom were excellent singers, he inher ited his musical taste, and, before he was 14, had mastered every instrument that came in his way. In 1830, he moved to Boston, where he was an organist, and in 1 836 began teach ing in New York, where he attained notoriety and popularity by his concerts. In 1847, he went to Leipsic, where he received instruction from the best masters. In 1854, he began in New York the manufacture of pianos, in which he was very successful. He was the author of "The Golden Chain," "Golden Shower," " Golden Censer," and " Fresh Laurels." He did much to elevate the standard of musical taste in the U.S. With the aid of the com poser Hastings, he produced " The Shawm," " The Jubilee," " The Key Note," and " The Temple Choir," all of which were deservedly popular. Braddock, EDWARD, a British gen., d. July 13, 1755. Son of Maj.-Gcn. B. He en tered the army as ensign in the Coldstream Guards, Oct. 11, 1710; fought a duel with Col. Waller, with sword and pistol, May 26, 1718; became a capt. Feb. 10, 1736, served in Flan ders ; became second major of his regt. in 1743; was present at Fontenoy, May 11, 1745 ; was made lieut.-col. Nov. 21, 1745, brig.-gen. Apr. 23, 1746 ; served again in Flanders in 1747-8; col. 14th Foot, 1753; maj.-gen. March, 1754. and, Sept. 24, com.-in-chief of his Majesty s forces in America. He sailed from Eng. Dec. 21, 1754. He arrived in Va. in Feb. 1755, and conducted in person an exped. against Fort Du- quesne, now Pittsburg. 1 he delays occasioned by the necessity of opening new roads deter mined him to advance with 1,200 men, leaving the heavy baggage in the rear. He reached the Monongahela, July 8, and on the following morning, expecting to invest the fort that day, made the necessary dispositions. Despising his foes, with whose wily tactics he was wholly unacquainted, he disregarded the counsel of Washington, his aide upon that occasion, to place the provincial companies in front for the purpose of scouring the woods, and discover ing any ambuscade which might be found for him. His van, led by Lieut.-Col. (afterwards Gen.) Gage, was suddenly attacked when ab. 7 miles from the fort, by an invisible enemy concealed in the high grass. The whole army was thrown into confusion; and Braddock, who exerted himself bravely to re-form his troops, who were constantly falling under the close and murderous fire to which they were exposed, after having 3 horses shot under him, received a mortal wound. All his mounted officers ex cept Washington, upon whom the duty of bringing off the shattered remnant of the army devolved, were either killed or wounded ; and the troops fled precipitately to thecarnp of Col. D unbar, near 50 miles d istant, where Brad- dock, who was brought off the ground in a tumbrel, expired of his wounds. His private character was that of a heartless, broken-down gambler and spendthrift. Bradford, ALDEN, LL. D. (Bowd. Coll. 1803), author, b. Duxbury, Ms., Nov. 19, 1765 ; d. Boston, Oct. 26, 1843. H.U. 1786. Son of Col. Gamaliel, and a lineal descendant of Gov. Wtn. Bradford. He was a tutor at Har vard in 1791-3 ; pastor of the Cong. Church at Wiscasset, Me., 1793-1801 ; was for a time clerk of the Supreme Court of Ms., and a bookseller in Boston, and was sec. of State in 1812-24. Edited the Boston Gzette, 1826. He pub. a " History of Ms. from 1764 to 1820," 3 vols.; "Eulogy on Washington/ " Oration," 1804; "on the Death of Gen. Knox," 1806; "Life of C. Strong," 1820, of "Jonathan Mayhew," 1838; a vol. of "N.E. Biography," 1842 ; an account of Wiscasset and Duxbury in Hist. Colls.; "N.E. Chronology, 1497- 1800," Bost., 1843; a number of sermons; " History of the Federal Government," 1843, and a vol. of Ms. State papers. Bradford, ALEX. WARFIELD, LL.D., jurist, b. Albany, 1815; d. N.Y. City, 5 Nov. 1867. Columb. Coll. Son of J.M. Bradford, D.D. Acquired high reputation for knowledge of civil law. Surrogate of N.Y. City and Co., 1848-51. He pub. 4 vols. of " Reports of Sur rogate s Cases ; " six of " Bradford s Reports ; " edited a work on " American Antiquities," 1841, and, with Dr. Anthon, edited The Protest ant Churchman. Latterly one of the commis sioners to codify the laws of the State. He pub. in 1863 a semi-centennial address to the Albany Acad., and, in 1846, a discourse before the N.Y. Hist. Soc. in 1845. 115 Bradford, ANDREW SOWLES, printer, b. Phila., 1686 ; d. Nov. 23, 1742. Son of Wm. Bradford, first printer of Phila., from whom he learned the art in N.Y. He was the only printer in Pa. from 1712 to 1723. He pub. the American Weekly Mercury, the first newspaper in Phila., Dec. 22, 1719 ; was Franklin s first employer on his arrival there in 1723 ; in 1732 was postmaster ; in 1 735 kept a boukstore at the sign of the Bible, in Second st., and in 1738 removed to No. 8, South Front St., occu pied as a printing-house in 1810, by his de scendant, Thomas Bradford, pub. of the True American. In 1741, he pub. a periodical, the American Magazine. Bradford, GAMALIEL, col. in the Revol. army, b. Duxbury, Ms., Sept. 2, 1731 ; d. there Jan. 9, 1807. He was a descendant of Gov. B. Gamaliel, his father, judge of the C/C.P. of Plymouth, and a councillor under Govs. Bernard and Hutchinson, d. Apr. 24, 1778, a. 73. He served in the French war as a captain of militia; rose to the rank of major, and, dur ing the Revol., com. the 14th Mass. Continental Regt. After the war, he was a representative and a judge. Bradford, THOMAS, son of Col. Wm., printer, editor, and publisher, b. Phila., May 4, 1745; d. there May 7, 1838. Leaving the Coll. of Phila. in 1762, he entered his father s printing-house, and was his partner, and associ ate editor of the Pennsylvania Journal, which, in 1801, became the True American. An active opponent of the Stamp Act, and other ai bitrary measures of the British Government, he be came, in 1775, capt. of a military company in Phila., and subsequently he was commissary gen. to the Pa. division, and printer to Con gress. One of the founders of the Philos. Soc. His son THOMAS, LL.D., lawyer and philan thropist, b. Phila., Sept. 11, 1781 ; d. there Oct. 25, 1851. Bradford, WILLIAM, 2d gov. of Plymouth Colony, and one of "The Mayflower" Pil grims, b. Ansterfield, Yorkshire, Eng., in Mar. 1588; d. May 9, 1657. Possessed of a good patri mony, he yetearly in life, connected himself with the Dissenters, and, at the age of 1 7, was one of a company which made an attempt to seek in Holland that toleration due to its enlightened commercial policy ; but, being betrayed by the master of the vessel, they were thrown into prison at Boston, Lincolnshire. After another unsuccessful attempt, he at length joined his brethren at Amsterdam, learned the art of silk- dyeing, and, coming into possession of his prop erty at the age of 21, engaged unsuccessfully in "commerce. He entered zealously into the plan of removing to America the congregation of Mr. Robinson s church at Lcyden; sailed in the first ship, and, on its arrival in the harbor of Cape Cod, was one of the foremost in selecting a site for the colony. Before this was accomplished, his wife fell into the sea, and was drowned. Upon the death of Gov. Carver, April 5, 1621, Mr. Bradford was elected to fill the place. Among the first of his acts was the cultivation of friendly relations with the Indian sachem Massasoit, who, in return for his good offices, disclosed a dangerous conspiracy then forming among the Indians for the purpose of totally extirpating the English. He was annu ally rechosen gov. as long as he lived, except ing in the years 1633, 1G34, 6, 8, and 1644, when he declined an election. He wrote a history of Plymouth Colony from 1602 to 1647. On the retreat of the British army in 1775, the MS. was carried away from the library of the Old South Church, Boston, and, after having been lost 80 years, was recovered, and was pub. by the Ms. Hist. Soc. in 1856. A frag ment of his Letter Book, found in a grocer s shop at Halifax, has also been printed by the same society, accompanied by a descriptive and historical account of N. E. in verse. Bradford, MAJOR WILLIAM, second son of Gov. B., b. June 17, 1624 ; d. Feb. 20 ,1704. He resided in what is now Kingston, Ms. He com. the Plymouth troops in King Philip s War, and was wounded in the Narragansett Fort fight, Dec. 19, 1675, at East Kingston, R.I. Bradford, WILLIAM, the first printer in Pa., b. Leicester, Eng., May 20, 1660 ; d. N.Y., May 23, 1752. Being a Quaker, he emigrated in 1682, and landed on the spot where Phila. was afterwards built. He learned his trade in London. In 1686, he printed an almanac. In 1692, he was imprisoned for libel ; the writings of George Keith, which he printed, having caused a quarrel among the Quakers. On his trial, Bradford maintained, that "the jury are judges in law, as well as the matter of fact." He was not convicted, but, having incurred the displeasure of the dominant party in Phila., re moved to New York in 1693. In that year, he printed the laws of the Colony. Oct. 16, 1725, he began the first newspaper in New York, the N. Y. Gazette. In 1728, he established a paper- mill at Elizabethtown, N.J. For more than 50 years, he was printer to the govt. of N. Y., and, for 30 years, the only one in the province. His son ANDREW was a printer in Phila. Bradford, WILLIAM, physician, lawyer, and legislator, b. Plympton, Ms., Nov. 4, 1729 ; d. Bristol, R.I., July 6, 1808. He was a descendant of Gov. Bradford, received a good education, and studied medicine under Dr. Ezekiel Hersey of Hingham. After a few years practice at Warren, R.I., he removed to Bris tol, where he erected an elegant seat on Mount Hope. He afterward studied and practised law, attaining high rank in his profession. He was a leading member of the committee of corresp., and took a decided part in the con troversy with Great Britain. During the can nonade of Bristol, Oct. 7, 1775, Gov. Bradford went on board " The Rose," in behalf of the inhabitants, and treated with Capt. Wallace for the cessation of the bombardment. He was a U.S. senator from 1793 to 1797, and was dep. gov., and speaker of the house pf assembly. His eldest son, Maj. WM. BRADFORD, aide to Gen. Charles Lee, of the Revol. army, b. Bris tol, Sept. 17, 1752; d. Nov. 1811. H. U. 1773. Bradford, COL. WILLIAM, printer and Revol. soldier, b. N.Y., 1719 ; d. Phila., Sept. 25, 1791. Grandson of the first printer of Phila., and became a partner of his uncle An drew, who had adopted him; but the connection was dissolved on account of a love-affair. In 116 1741, he visited Eng., returning the next year with books and printing-material, and in Dec. 1742, he pub. the first number of the Pennsyl vania Journal, which was continued until the close of the century ; when his son Thomas, who was his business-partner, changed its name to the True American. Besides his business of printing, he opened in 1754 the London Coffee House, and in 1762, in connection with Mr. Kydd, a marine-insurance office. He opposed the Stamp Act, and, having long held a com mission in the Pa. militia, when the Revol. war began, served as a maj. and col. at Tren ton, at Princeton where he was wounded, and at Fort Mifflin. He left the army with shat tered health, and ruined fortune. Franklin said of him," His writing was spirited, his press correct, and his sword active." Bradford, WILLIAM, lawyer, b. Phila., Sept. 14, 1755; d. Aug. 23, 1795. N. J. Coll. 1772. Son of Col. Wm. Studied law under Edward Shippen ; adm. to the bar of the Su preme Court in 1779; app. atty.-gen. of Pa. in Aug. 1780; made a judge of the Supreme Court of Pa., Aug. 22, 1791, and atty.-gen. of the U. S., Jan. 28, 1794. In Aug. 1794, he was one of the commissioners to confer with the insurgents of Western Pa. He was a maj. of brigade under Gen. Robcrdeau in 1776, was acapt. in Hampton s regt., and from Apr. 1777, to Apr. 1779, was dep. muster-master-gen., with the rank of lieut.-col. He was material ly assisted in obtaining a valuable practice at the bar, and in various other ways, by his elder brother Thomas. In 1793, he pub. "An In quiry how far the Punishment of Death is Ne cessary in Pa.," and succeeded in effecting be neficent modifications in the penal code of that day. Some of his early poetical efforts, in im itation of the Pastorals of Shenstone, were pub. in the Philadelphia Magazine. Bradford, WILLIAM, b. N. Bedford, Ms., of Quaker parentage, has painted truthfully many of the coast-scenes of N.E. Unsuccess ful as a merchant in Fairhavcn, Ms., he studied the coast of N. E., Nova Scotia, and Labrador. Among his best pictures are " The Coast of Labrador," " The Island of Grand Menan," " Fishing-Boats Getting under Way," " Sud den Squall in the Bay of Fundy," " Shipwreck off Xantucket," " Boarding the Sloop," c. Tucker man. Bradish, LUTHER, LL.D. (Wms. Coll.), statesman, b. Cummington, Ms., Sept. 15, 1783; d. Newport, R.I., Aug. 30, 1863. Wms. Coll. 1 804. He studied law, made a tour in Europe, and in 1820 was engaged in procuring infor mation for the govt. respecting the commerce of the Levant prior to establishing diplomatic relations with the Porte. He returned to N. Y. in 1826, settled in Franklin Co., where he was a large land-owner ; was a member of the as sembly m 1827-30 and 1835-8; lieut.-gov. 1829-43 ; and assist. U.S. treas. at N.Y., dur ing Fillmore s administration. He latterly occupied himself with educational, charitable, and reformatory projects, and at his death was pres. of the N. Y. Hist. Society and the Amer. Bible Society. Bradlee, CALEB DAVIS, pastor of the Allen-st., Church, Cambridge (Dec. 11, 1854- Dec. 11, 1857), and of the Church of the Redeemer at Boston, since Apr. 6, 1864, b. Boston, 24 Feb. 1831. H. U. 1852. He has pub. several occasional sermons, one on the death of Pres. Lincoln ; has contrib. to the N. E. Hist, and Geneal. Register, and to vari ous periodicals and newspapers ; and has been recording and corresponding sec. of the N. E. Hist, and Gen. Soc., and is a member of many other historical and literary societies. Bradley, STEPHEN Row, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1805), statesman, b. Wallingford, Ct., Oct. 20, 1754; d. Walpole, N. H., Dec. 16, 1830. Y. C. 1775 He studied law under Judge Reeve, and was adm. to practise in May, 1779. He com. a company called the Cheshire Vols. early in the Revol. war, and was the aide of Gen. Wooster when that officer fell at Danbury. Removing to Vt. in 1779, he was a friend of Ethan Allen ; pub. " Vermont s Ap peal," 1 779 ; was active in organizing the State, and was its senator in Congress in 1791-5 and 1801-13. He was a man of eminent ability, but of eccentric habits. Bradley, WILLIAM CZAR, LL.D. (Vt. U. 1851), lawyer, son of S. R., b. Westminster, Vt., Mar. 23, 1782; d. there Mar. 3, 1867. Y. C. 1817. Adm. to the bar in 1802 ; State atty. for Windham Co., 1804-11 ; member of the legisl. 1806-7 and 1850, and of the coun cil, 1812; M. C. 1813-15, 1817-22, 1823-7; agent of the U.S. under the treaty of Ghent, and member of the State Const. Conv. in 1857. Bradley, WILLIAM El., M. D., poet, b. Hartford, Ct., July 24, 1802; d. Cuba, 1825. Educated a physician. He pub. " Giuseppino," 1822, and many fugitive pieces. Son of Dr. Wm. Bradley, afterward a resident of Phila. Bradstreet, ANNE, poet, b. Northampton, Eng., 1612; d. Sept. 16, 1672. She was the dau. of Gov. Thomas Dudley, and m. Simon Bradstreet, afterwards gov. of Ms., with whom she came to N. E. in 1630. Her poems, dedi cated in verse to her father, and entitled " The Tenth Muse lately sprung up in Amer., or Sev eral Poems compiled with Great Variety of Wit and Learning, full of Delight," were pub. at London, 1650. A more complete edition, pub. at Boston in 1678 (after her death), contains her best piece, entitled " Contemplations." A reprint of this appeared in 1758. Her works, including poetry and prose, were pub. at Charlestown in 1867, edited by John Harvard Ellis. Bradstreet, JOHN, maj.-gen., b. 1711 ; d. N.Y. City, 25 Sept. 1774. In the exped. against Louisburg in 1745, he was lieut.-col. of Pep- perell s (York, Me.) regt., and contrib. largely to its success by his zeal, activity, and judg ment, and by " his particular knowledge in the circumstances of this place." Made a capt. in a regular regt., called Pepperell s, 5 Sept. 1745, and app., 16 Sept. 1746, to the sinecure place of lieut.-gov. of St. John s, Newfoundland. Ordered by Braddock to Oswego in 1755, and made adj. -gen." to Gov. Shirley. In 1756, he was again ordered to conduct supplies to Os wego, and on his return, July 3, was attacked by a strong party of the enemy, which he de feated; app. to a company in the 60th (Roy. Amer.) regt. in Mar. 1757, and, 27 Dec., was 117 made lieut.-col. and dep. Q.M. gen. In 1758, he took part in the unsuccessful attack on Ticonderoga ; was made Q.M. gen., rank of col., in Araer., 20 Aug., and, 27 Aug., captured Ft. Frontenac. An account of this exped. was pub. in London in 1759. He accomp. Arnherst in his exped. against Ticonderoga and Crown Point; was made col. in Feb. 1762, maj.-gen. 25 May, 1772. In 1764, he com. an exped. against the Western Indians, with whom he negotiated a peace at Detroit, Sept. 7 He had two daughters, Martha and Aga tha, by his wife Mary, who had by her first husb. (Maj. John Bradstreet), Elizabeth, who Became the wife of Peter Livius, and Samuel, maj. 40th Foot. Bradstreet, SIMON, gov. of Ms., b. Hor- bling, Lincolnshire, Eng., March, 1603; d. Salem, Ms., March 27, 1697. His father, Rev. Simon Bradstreet, was a nonconformist minis ter. Bred in the religious family of the Earl of Lincoln, after studying one year at Eman- uel Coll., Cambridge, he became steward to the Countess of Warwick. Having m. Anne, dau. of Thomas Dudley, he was persuaded to engage in the settlement of Ms., was chosen assist.-judge of a court about to be established there, and arrived in Salem in the summer of 1630. He took part in the proceedings of the first court held in Charlestown, Aug. 23 ; be came agent and sec. of Ms., and commissioner of the United Colonies. In 1631, he was among the founders of Cambridge. He was among the first settlers of Andover, and resid ed also at Ipswich, Salem, and Boston. In 1653, he, with his colleagues, vigorously and successfully opposed making war on the Dutch in N.Y., and on the Indians ; though it was strongly urged by all the commissioners of the other Colonies. In 1662, he was sent to Eng. to congratulate Charles II. on his restoration, and to act as agent for the Colony. He was assistant from 1630 to 1679.; gov. fr*om 1679 to 1686, when the charter was annulled. He strenuously opposed the arbitrary measures of Andros, and after his overthrow in May, 1689, was again gov. until May, 1692, when, at the a. of 89, he became first councillor. He was in service in the govt. 62 years, except during the brief administrations of Dudley and Andros. He was a popular magistrate ; a man of great integrity, piety, and prudence ; was opposed to the witch delusion in 1692, and lived to be the Nestor of N.E. He advised the surrender of the charter of Ms. to Charles II., warily dis trusting the ability of the Colonists to resist. Bradstreet, SIMON, minister of Charles- town, Ms., from 26 Oct. 1698 to his d., 31 Dec. 1741 ; b. New London, Ct., 7 Mar. 1671. H.U. 1693. Son of Rev. Simon of N. L., (1640-83), and grandson of Gov. Simon. He ranked high as a preacher and a scholar. His son SIMON, minister of the second Cong. Church, Marblehead, and a disting. linguist, d. Marblehead, 5 Oct. 1771, a. 62. Ord. 4 Jan. 1738. H.U. 1728. Brady, HUGH, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. North umberland Co., Pa., in July, 1768 ; d. Detroit, April 15, 1851. He was a bro. or nephew of Capt. Samuel Brady, a celebrated Indian scout and fighter, b. Shippensburg, 1758. Ensign, March 7, 1792, and served in Wayne s Indian campaign. He left the service, but re-en tereci it in 1808; July 6, 1812, was app. col. 22d regt. ; col. 2dlnf., 1816 ; brevet brig.-gen. July 6, 1822 ; maj.-gen. May 30, 1848. He disting. himself at Lundy s Lane, at Chippewa, and at Niagara, and was wounded in the two latter engagements. Stationed at Detroit during the patriot disturbances in Canada, he contrib. greatly to the preservation of peace on the frontier. Brady, JAMES TOPHAM, an eminent law yer of New York, b. there April 9, 1815; d. Feb. 9, 1869. His father, Thos. S. Brady, a lawyer and politician, trained him to the bar, to which he was adm. in 1835, and where he early attained reputation. His forte was crimi nal cases, in nearly all of which for 30 years he was engaged; and he won especial distinction in the celebrated Forrest divorce case, and by his defence of Daniel E. Sickles in 1859. A State-rights man and a Democ. before the Re bellion, when that crisis came, he was a zealous supporter of Mr. Lincoln s administration, but would never take any political office, though often urged to do so. During the civil war, he made many speeches on national questions. Near the close of the war, he was one of a com mission to inquire into the administration of the Dept. of the Gulf, under Gens. Butler and Banks. He was an amiable and social man, of much literary culture and taste, and had been a contrib. to the old Knickerbocker Mag azine. One of the best of his pieces, "A Christ mas Dream," was put in a vol. as an illustrated holiday present. Bragg, BRAXTON, gen. C.S.A., b. Warren Co., N.C., ab. 1815. West Point, 1837. Enter ing the 3d Art., he served against the Semi- nole Indians, 1839-43; brev. capt. for gal. conduct in defence of Fort Brown, May 9, 1846 ; capt. 8 June, 1846 ; brev. major for gal lantry at Monterey, Mex., Sept. 23, 1846 ; brev. lieut.-col. for Buena Vi.sta, Feb. 23, 1847; maj. 1st cav., March 3, 1855; resigned Jan. 3, 1856, and lived on his extensive plantation at Thibodeaux, La., until the civil war. Made a brig.-gen. in the Southern army in March, 1861, and took com. of the forces at Pensacola des tined to reduce Fort Pickens. In Feb. 1862, he was made maj.-gen., and ordered to join the army of the Mpi. He bore an important part in the battle of Shiloh, where he com. the 2d corps. ; was promoted to gen. in place of Gen. A. S. Johnston, killed in that battle, and in May succeeded Beauregard in com. of that dcpt. In Aug., he left Chattanooga, success fully turned Buell s left flank, and, passing through East Tenn., entered Ky. at the head of a large army. Buell leaving his posts in Ala., marching on a much shorter line, reached Louisville before him, and compelled Bragg to retire after the battle of Perryville, Oct. 9, with the force under Gen. McCook. He carried away a vast amount of supplies and a large number of recruits from Ky. He was removed from his com., and placed under arrest in Rich mond, but was soon restored, and took com. of the army opposed to Rosecrans, Nov. 1862. At the battle of Murfreesboro , Dec. 31, 1862. after a partial success, he was forced to retire 118 Sept. 19, 1863, he defeated Rosccrans at Chick- amauga ; Nov. 25, 1863, he was decisively de feated by Gen. Grant at Mission. Ridge. Re lieved from com. ab. 2 Dec. 1863. He led a small force from N.C. to Ga. in the autumn of 1864 ;d. Galveston, Texas, Sept. 1876. Bragg, THOMAS, politician, b. Warrcnton, N.C., Nov. 9, 1810. Chiefly educated at the Middlctown, Ct., Milit. Acad. ; began to prac tise law in 1831 ; member of the N.C. Assem bly, 1842; gov. of N.C. 1855-9 ; U.S. senator 1859 to July, 1861, when he was expelled, hav ing previously taken part in the Rebellion. Bro. of Braxton ; d. Raleigh, N. C. Jan. 2 1 , 1 872. Brainerd, DAVID, missionary to the Indi ans, b. Haddam, Ct., April 20, 1718; d. North ampton, Oct. 9, 1747. He was remarkable at an early age for a serious turn of mind. He entered Y. Coll. in 1739, and was disting. for application and general correctness of con duct, but was expelled in 1742 for some trivial offence. Licensed to preach in July, 1742. His strong desire to preach the gospel among the heathens was at length gratified by an app. from the Society for Propagating Chris tian Knowledge, as missionary to the Indians. In 1743, he commenced his labors at Kauna- muk, an Indian village situated between Stock- bridge and Albany. On the removal of the Kaunamuks the next year to Stockbridge, he turned his attention to the Delaware Indians. Ord. in Jane, 1744, by the presbytery at New ark, N.J., he took up his habitation near the forks of the Delaware, in Pa., where he resided for a year, and made two visits to the Indians on the Susquehanna River. His exertions, however, were unattended with much success, until he went to the Indians at Crosweeksung in N.J. A complete reformation in the lives of the savages took place within a year, and nearly 100 were baptized. In 1747, he went to Northampton, Ms., and passed there, in the family of the celebrated Jonathan Edwards, the residue of his days. Brainerd was a man of vigorous intellect and quick discernment. Gift ed with a powerful eloquence, a strong memo- rv, and with an intimate knowledge of human nature, he was eminently qualified for the business of instruction. His biography was written by Pres. Edwards. A new edition, to gether with his journals, " Mirabilic. Dei apud In d! cos," and " Grace Displayed," was pub. in 1822. JOHN, his brother, also a missionary, b. Haddam, Ct.,28 Feb. 1720; d. Deerfield, Ms., March 21, 1781. Y.C. 1746. He succeeded to his brother s mission in 1748 ; resided in New ark, N.J., in 1755 ; was some time at Mt. Holly, and officiated to churches around Egg Harbor, in 1760-77, but went to Deerfield in 1777. .b>c Life of, ly Rev. Thomas Brainerd, 1865. Brainerd, JOHN GARDINER CAI.KINS, poet, b. New London, Ct., Oct. 21, 1796; d. there Sept. 26, 1828. Y.C. 1815. He was the son of Judge Jeremiah G., who d. Jan. 7, 1830, a. 69. Educated for the bar, inadequate success in that vocation led him to assume in 1822 the editorial charge of the Ct. Mirror at Hartford ; but the ravages of consumption obliged him, about a year before his death, to return to New London. A vol. of his poems was pub. in N.Y., 1825 ; an enlarged ed. in 1832, entitled " Literary Remains," and a 3d ed. (Hartford, 1842) edited by J, G. Whittier. Brainerd, THOMAS, D.D., Presb. clergy man, b. Central N.Y., June 17, 1804 ; d. Scran ton, Pa., Aug. 22, 1866. Ord. Oct. 7, 1831. Descended from Daniel Brainerd the Puritan. He at first studied law, but soon entered the And. Theol. Sem., studied afterward under Dr. Patterson of Phila., and removed to Cin cinnati, where he assisted Dr. Lyman Beecher; edited the Christian Herald, Cincinnati Journal, and Youths Magazine, 1833-6, and assisted on the Presbyterian Quarterly Review, From 1837 to his death, he had charge of the Old Pine- street Church, Phila. Author of " The Life of John Brainerd." See Memoir, by M. Brai nerd, 8vo, Phila. Branch. JOHN, sec. of the U. S. N., b. Halifax, N.C., Nov. 4, 1782 ; d. Edgcfield.N.C., Jan. 4, 1863. U. of N.C. 1801. He studied and practised law; became a judge of the Superior Court ; was a member of the State senate from 1811 to 1817; gov. of the State in 1817-20; again a State senator in 1822; a U.S. senator from 1823 to 1829; sec. of the navy under Pres. Jackson from 1829 to 1831 ; M.C. 1831- 3; again a State senator in 1834; in 1835, a member of the State Const. Coriv. ; and, in 1854-5, gov. of Fla. Terr. Lanman. Branch, LAWRENCE O BRIEN, gen. C.S.A., b. Halifax Co., N.C., in 1820; killed in battle at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. N.J. Coll. 1838. Son of the preceding. He stud ied law, settled at Raleigh, and was M C. from 1855 to 1861, supporting the measures of the Democ. party. After the secession of N.C., May 21, he entered its military service, and was made brig. -gen. in Nov. 1861. He com. at Newbern when it was captured by Gen. Burnside, and subsequently took part in sev eral of the battles in that State and on the pe ninsula. Brandt, JOSEPH (THAYANDANEGA), a Mohawk chief, b. ab. 1742; d. at his seat at the head of Lake Ontario, U.C., 24 Nov. 1807. He is said to have taken an active part in the Niagara campaign of 1759, under Sir "Win. Johnson, who, in 1761, sent him to Dr. Whee- lock s Indian school at Hanover, where he translated portions of the New Testament into the Mohawk language. In 1763, he was in the war against Pontiac. He was, at the breaking-out of the Revol. war, sec. to Guy Johnson, superintendent of the Indians, whom he excited to take arms against the Colonists. Returning from a visit to Eng. in 1775-6, he was employed by the British in predatory ex cursions against the Colonists in connection with the savage Tory refugee, Col. John Butler ; served under St. Leger at the investment of Fort Stanwix ; was a leader in the severe battle of Oriskany, 6 Aug. 1777, and, though not present at the Wyoming Massacre, was in that at Cherry Valley, and in July, 1779, led the band that destroyed Minisink, and defeated the party of Col. Tusten. He held a col s, com mission from the king, and, after the war, pre vailed on the various tribes to make a perma nent treaty of peace. In 1786, he again vL-it- ed Eng., where he was received with distinc tion, and collected funds for the erection of 119 ERE she first church built in Upper Canada, and was afterward employed by Gov. Carleton in the public service. He opposed the confederation of the Indians, which led to the exped. of Wayne in 1793, and did his utmost to preserve peace between the Indians and the U.S. He translated the Gospel of St. Mark into the Mohawk language, and did much for the wel fare of his people. His son JOHN, an officer in the British service in the War of 1812, d. Brantford in Sept. 1832, a. 36. A dau. rn. W. J. Kerr of Niagara in 1824. See Life of Brandt, by W. L. Stone. Brannan, JOHN MILTON, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. D.C.,ab. 1820. West Point, 1841. Entering the 1st Art., he became 1st lieut. Mar. 3, 1847 j disting. himself at Cerro Gordo ; won the brev. of capt. for gallantry at Con- treras and Churubusco ; was severely wounded at the Belen Gate of Mexico, Sept. 13, 1847 ; capt. 1st. Art. Nov. 4, 1854; and brig.-gen. Vols. Sept. 28, 1861, and served in the dep. of the South, having for a time com. of South ern Florida. Transferred to S.C., he com., Oct. 22, 1862, a reconnoissance from Hilton Head to the Broad River and its tributaries, and had an engagement with a Confed. force, which he drove across the Pocotaligo River, with severe loss on both sides. He com. a division in McCook s corps at Chickamauga, 20 Sept. 1883 ; was chief of art. dept., Cumberland, 1863-5; brev. col. for Chickamauga; maj. 1st Art. Aug. 1, 1863; in the battle of Mission ary Ridge, Nov. 23-25, 1863; in the battles and operations ending in the capture of At lanta, 2 Sept. 1864, for which brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865; and brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for merit, services in the field during the Rebellion. Culliim. Brannan, WILLIAM PENN, artist and poet of Cincinnati, b. 22 Mar. 1825 ; d. there 9 Aug. 1866. Author of the " Harp of a Thousand Strings ; " wrote under the pseudo- nyme of " Vandyke Brown," and produced some paintings of decided merit. See Poets and Poetn/ of the West. Brattle, WILLIAM, F.R.S., lawyer, preach er, physician, soldier, and legislator, b. Cam bridge, Ms., ab. 1702; d. Halifax, N.S., Oct. 1776. H.U. 1722. Son of Win., minister of Cambridge (b. 22 Nov. 1662 ; d. 15 Feb. 1717. H.U. 1680. Ord. 25 Mar. 1696). Author of a compendium of logic. The son was long a member of the legisl. and of the council ; practised physic extensively; was capt. of the Art. Co., 1733, and a maj.-gen. of militia; a benefactor of H. U. ; member of the Stamp A-jt Congress in 1765; and, being a loyalist, left Boston with the British troops in Mar. 1776. Bravo (bra vo), NICOLAS, a Mexican gen., b. Chilpanzingo, ab. 1792; d. there Apr. 22, 1854. Leonardo his father, a patriot, b. near San Luis Potosi, 1766; d. of prison-fever, in the hands of the Spaniards in the city of Mexico in 1812. Attached to the party of in dependence from the outset, he placed himself, after the death of Hidalgo in 1812, under Morelos, and contrib. powerfully to the suc cess of the Republican cause by his victory over the Spanish gen. Musitu. In 1817, he was taken by the viceroy Apodaca, wno spared his life only at the urgent solicitation of many prominent royalists. He was released at the general amnesty, March, 1820. He op posed Iturbide in 1822 ; and the provisional govt. which succeeded was confided in 1823 to Bra vo, Vittoria, and Negrette. Feb. 2, 1824, Vit- toria obtained the presidency, and Bravo the vice-presidency; Dec. 23, 1827, he put him self at the head of a Revol. movement, but was easily defeated by Gen. Guerrero ; Bravo and other officers who were taken, after passing 5 months in prison, being banished to Guate mala. Recalled in 1829 by the overthrow of Guerrero, he was sent against him, and ob tained his revenge on that chieftain, whom be took with arms in his hands, and who was shot Feb. 14, 1831. At the close of 1833, Bravo was again at the head of a small body of insurgents, and was beaten in the year fol lowing by Vittoria. In July, 1839, as pres. of the council, he was charged with the supreme administration of the govt. during an inter im of a week, and again, from Oct. 26, 1842, till March, 1843, during Santa Aiia s absence as dictator at the head of the army, and for the last time from July 29 to Aug. 4, 1846, when he was deposed by a Revol. During the war with the U.S., he took part in the battle of Cerro Gordo. Bravo was one of the most upright, honorable, and disting. men Mexico has produced. N. B. G. BraxtOH, CARTER, signer of the Decla ration of Independence, b. Newington, Va., Sept. 10, 1736; d. Oct. 10, 1797. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1756. His father was a wealthy planter, and his mother the dau. of Robert Carter, at one time pres. of the council. In 1760, he returned from a residence of some years in Eng., and in 1765 disting. himself in the Va. II. of burgesses, in support of Pat rick Henry s celebrated Stamp Act resolu tions, and in the subsequent assemblies which were dissolved by the gov. He was a member of the Va. convention of 1769, and of that of Williamsburg in 1774; was an active mem ber of the last house of burgesses convened under royal authority in Va., and was a mem ber of the committee to whom was referred the difficulty between it and Gov. Dunmore. In 1775, he was a member of the convention which met at Richmond to devise measures for the public good, and was, Dec. 15, app. successor to Peyton Randolph in Congress. He did not remain long in that body, but served in the Va. legisl. till 1786 ; from 1786 to 1791 was a member of the State council, and also from 1794 to 1797. He inherited several planta tions ; but the close of his life was imbittered by pecuniary embarrassment, and the entire wreck of his fortune. He was a man of talent, of sound judgment, and remarkable prudence and forethought. In 1776, he pub. at Phila. " An Address to the Convention of Va. on the Subject of Govt." Brearly, DAVID, jurist ; d. Trenton, N.J., 16 Aug. 1790, a. 44. Lieut.-col. in the Revol. army, and a cool and brave officer. Member of the State and Federal Const. Convs., and 9 years chief-justice ofN.J., app. in July 1779. Breathitt, JOHN, gov. Ky., 1832-4, b. neai 120 New London, Va., Sept. 9, 1786; d. Frank- tort, Ky., Feb. 21, 1834. His father settled in Logan Co. in 1800. John was a surveyor and school-teacher, and, acquiring some prop erty, studied law ; adm. to the bar in Feb. 18io ; was several years thereafter in the legisl.; was lieut.-gov. in 1828-32. He was a warm supporter of Jackson for the Presidency. Collins s Hist, of Ky. Brebeuf, JEAN DE (1593-1649), was one of the earliest missionaries sent to Canada, whither, in 1625, he accompanied Champlain, and established himself among the Hurons. During a residence among them of 3 years, he acquired their language, gained their confi dence, and exercised a paternal influence ovei them. He fell a victim to the implacable hatred which existed between the Hurons and Iroquois. In 1649, in a combat where the Hurons, unexpectedly attacked, had the disad vantage, Brebeuf fell into the hands of the Iroquois, who put him to death with the fright ful torments which they usually inflict on their prisoners of war. At the end of his " Voyages," Champlain has printed the " Catechisme traduit dans la Langue des Hurons," by father Brebeuf. This is the first known specimen of the idiom of the savages of Canada, Paris, 1652. Breck, DANIEL, LL.D., jurist, son of Rev. Daniel (1748-1845), b. Topstield, Ms., Feb. 12, 1788. D.C. 1812. He studied law, and re moving to Richmond, Ky., in 1814, commenced practice there. Judge of a county court; from 1824 to 1829, he was a member of the State legisl. ; from 1835 to 1843, he was pres. of the branch bank of Ky. at Richmond ; in 1843, he was app. judge of the Supreme Court of Ky., and was M.C. from 1849 to 1851. LL. D. of Transyl. U. in 1843. Lanman. Breck, ROBERT, minister of Springfield, Ms., from July 26, 1 736, to his d., Apr. 23, 1784, b. July 25, 1713. H.U. 1730. Son of Robert, minister of Marlborough, 1704-31. His settle ment gave rise to much controversy as to his religious views. He was a man of great learn ing, and a close rdasoner. He pub. a century sermon on the burning of the town by the In dians, Oct. 16, 1675. Sprague. Breck, SAMUEL, son of Rev. Daniel, b. Boston, 17 July, 1771 ; d. Phila., 1 Sept. 1862. At the Roy. Milit. Coll. of Loreze in 1783-7. His family moved to Pa. in 1792. He was many years in the Pa. legisl. and in the Phila. citygovt. ; M.C. 1823-5; member of the Pa. Hist. Soc. He pub. historical sketch of Con tinental paper-money, 1843, and some histori cal addresses. Breckinridge, GEN. JAMES, lawyer and politician, b. near Fincastle, Botetourt Co., Va., March 7, 1763 ; d. there Aug. 1846. W. and M. Coll. 1785. He was a Revol. soldier, serving in Col. Preston s rifle regt., under Greene, in 1781 ; was adm. to the bar in 1787, and became a successful lawyer ; a prominent leader of the old Federal party in the gen. as sembly of the State, and M.C. 1809-17. He was an active and efficient friend of that great improvement by which Va. proposed to con nect the waters of the Chesapeake with those of the Ohio, and a zealous co-laborer with Mr. Jefferson in founding the U. of Va. Breckinridge, JOHN, U.S. atty.-gen. in 1805, author and advocate of the celebrated " Resolutions of 1798-9 " in the Va. legi?!., b. Va. 1760; d. Lexington, Ky., Dec. 14, 1806. Emigrating to Ky., he was chosen U.S. sen ator in 1801, and introduced, in 1802, a resolu tion for the repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801 , establishing several new tribunals. In the de bate which followed, Mr. Breckenridge disting. himself by his eloquent speeches. He also took an active part in the discussion relative to the free navigation of the Mpi. A vol. of his speeches was pub. Breckinridge, JOHN, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1835), b. Cabell s Dale, Ky., 4 July, 1797 ; d. near Lexington, Ky., 4 Aug. 1841." N.J. Coll. 1818. Son of the preceding. Licensed to preach in 1822 ; chaplain to Congress in 1822- 3 ; pastor of a Presb. church at Lexington, 10 Sept. 1823-1826, during which time he estab lished the Western Luminary, a religious news paper. In 1826-31, he was colleague with Dr. Glendy at Baltimore; sec. and gen. -agent of the Presb. Board of Education at Phila. in 1831-6; prof, of theology at the Princeton Sem. in 1836-8; sec. and gen. -agent of the Board of Foreign Missions, 1838-40, and at the time of his d. pres. elect of Oglethorpe U., Ga. In 1836-8, he was settled at N. Orleans. He was an able controversialist; and his discus sion with Bishop Hughes of N.Y. was pub. with the title, " Roman-Catholic Controversy." He was an eloquent preacher and an a"ble polemic writer. Pres. of the African Coloni zation Soc. Sprague. Breckinridge, JOHN CABELL, vice.-pres. of the U.S., b. near Lexington, Ky., Jan. 21, 1821. Grandson of Senator John B. Centre Coll., Ky. He studied law at the Trans-yl. Institute, and was adm. to the bar at Lexing ton. After residing at Burlington, Io., for a time, he returned to Lexington, where he prac tised his profession with success. He served as a major during the Mex. war, and disting. him self as the counsel of Gen. Pillow during the famous court-martial. On his return, he was elected to the State legisl, and was M.C. from 1851 to 1855. The mission to Spain was ten dered him by Pres. Pierce, but was declined. He became V.P. in March, 1857. One of his first public performances was the delivery of a eulogy on Henry Clay. He entered the senate in 1861 as successor of J. J. Crittenden. Can didate of the Southern Democ. for Pres. in 1860, and defeated; expelled from the senate, Dec. 4, 1861 ; made amaj.-gen. C.S.A., 5 Aug. 1862; he com. the reserve at Shiloh, Apr. 6, 1862; com. the force which attacked Baton Rouge, La., Aug. 5, 1862, and was repulsed ; com. a division in Polk s corps at Murfreess* boro , Dec. 31, 1862; at Chickamauga, Nov. 25, 1863 ; defeated Sigel near Newmarket, Va., May 13, 1864; then joined Lee s army, and was at the battle of Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864 ; com. a corps under Early in the Shenandoah Valley, when defeated by Gen. Sheridan, Sept. 1864; defeated Gen. Giflem in E. Tenn., Nov. 12 ; was in the battle near Nashville, Dec. 15, and in Jan.-Apr. 1865, was sec. of war at Rich mond ; was in Europe after Lee s surrender, 1865-8; d. Lexington, Ky., May 17, 1875. 121 Breckinridge, ROBERT JEFFERSON, D. D., LL. D., Presb. divine, b. at Cabell s Dale, Ky., Mar. 8, 1800. Un. Coll. 1819. He practised law from 1823 to 1831, and was, meanwhile, several times in the Ky. legisl. From 1832 to 1845, he was pastor of the First Presb. Church, Baltimore, and noted for his eloquence. Pres. of Jeff. Coll., Pa., from 1845 to 1847, when he returned to Ky. ; assumed the pastorate of the First Presb. Church in Lexington, and became superintendent of pub lic instruction for the State. He resigned these stations in 1853, having been elected prof of theology in the newly-established sera. at Danville, Ky., an office which he held till his death. While in Baltimore, he edited the Literary and Religious Magazine and the Spirit of the \$th Century, and his discussions with the Catholics evinced great knowledge of church-history and theology. He is the princi pal author of the common-school system of Ky. la the antislavery discussions of the day, he opposed the extremists of either side, and ear nestly supported the Union cause during the civil war. He pub. 2 vols. of " Travels in Europe " in 1838, and besides a great number of tracts, essays, and letters, in 1857 pub. an important work on " Theology objectively considered." LL.D. of Jeff. Coll. 1847; H.U. 1862; D.D. of Un. Coll. 1839. D. Danville, Ky. Dec. 27, 71. Breese, SAMUEL L., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. N.Y., 1794; d. Mt. Airey, Penn., Dec. 17, 1870. Midshipm. Sept. 10, 1810; lieut. Apr. 27, 1816; commander, Dec. 22, 1835; capt. Sept. 8, 1841 ; rear-adm. July 16, 1862. He was present at the battle of Lake Champlain, Sept. 11, 1814 ; com. frigate " Cumberland," Medit. squad., 1845; was present at the capture of Tuspan and Tabasco, Mexico, and at the cap ture of Vera Cruz, 1847 ; com. Mediterranean fleet, 1S56-8; com. N.Y. navy-yard, 1859-61. Breese, SIDNEY, senator and jurist, b. Whitesboro , Oneida Co., N.Y., July 15, 1800. Un. Coll. 1818. He removed to 111., and in 1821 was adm. to the bar; became assist, sec. of State, and was State atty. from 1822 to 1827, when he was app. U. S. atty. for 111. In 1829, he pub. a vol. of Decisions of the Supreme Court, the first octavo vol. pub. in the State ; served as a lieut.-col. of vols. in the Black Hawk War ; in 1835 was elected a circuit judge ; was U. S. senator in 1843-9, and was chairman of the com. on public lands, and a regent of the Smithsonian Inst., during Polk s administration. In 1850, he was speaker of the 111. legisl. ; was one of the originators of the 111. Central R.R. ; in 1855, he was again placed upon the Circuit Court bench of which he was made chief judge. Lanman. Bremer, FREDRIKA, a Swedish novelist, b. near Abo, Finland, 17 Aug. 1801 ; d. Arsta, near Stockholm, 31 Dec. 1865. Sl*e was care fully educated by her parents, who were weal thy, and taught an acad. at Stockholm. "The Neighbors," her first work, app. in 1824. Her visit to the U. S. in 1849-51 is recorded in her " Homes in the New World." She after ward pub. an account of her travels in Swit zerland, Italy, and the Holy Land. See her Life, Letters, and Posthumous Works, by her Sis ter Charlotte, 1868. Brenton, JAHLEEL, post-capt. British na under Wm. III., d. 1732; and his son JAHLEEL, 3d, who seems to have been a great land- holder (b. Aug. 15, 1691), m. the dau. of Saml. Cranston, gov. of R. I. By this lady he had 7 daughters and 8 sons, one of whom, JAHLEEL, 4th, m. Henrietta Cowley (of the Cowleys of Worcestershire), who bore him a large family. In his youth, he entered the navy, but had attained only the rank of lieut., and was living quietly on the patrimonial estate in R. L, when the Revol. began. He was a man of high char acter and respectable talents : efforts were made to enlist him on the patriot side. He was offered high rank in their navy, but re fused, and at last escaped to a British cruiser off the coast, sacrificing all but a small frag ment of a liberal fortune. He served with rep utation, rose to be a post capt., and brought up three sons to the same prof. His son Sir JAH LEEL, rear-adm. of the Blue,, b. R. L, 1770, d. Elford, Eng., Apr. 3, 1844. He first served in 1781, in " The Queen," commanded by his father. His second son, EDWARD PELHAM, author of " The Naval History of Great Bri tain," d. a post capt. in London, 1839. Brenton, WILLIAM, gov. of R. L, d. New port, 1674. The family, who were persons of wealth and consideration in Hammersmith, Eng., emig. to Amer. in the reign of Charles I. He was a representative of Boston for several years, dating from 1635 ; lieut.-gov. of R. I. before 1660, and in 1663; pres. of R. L be tween 1660 and 1661, and gov. under the char ter, from 1666 to 1669. Brevard, DR. EPHRAIM, a Revol. patriot of N.C., author of the Mecklenburg Declara tion of Independence ; d. at Charlotte, N.C., near the close of the war. N. J. Coll. 1768. He was one of the " seven sons " of his wid owed mother, who were in the army. Studied medicine, and settled as a physician in Char lotte, N.C. In May, 1775, he was clerk of the convention held in Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., and, as one of the committee to prepare resolu tions, produced the famous document by which they anticipated by more than a year the Dec laration by Congress. When the British invad ed the Southern States, Dr. Brevard entered the Continental army as a surgeon, and was taken prisoner at Charleston, in May, 1780. Broken by disease, when set at liberty he- re turned to Charlotte, where he soon after died. Lossing. Brewer, COL. JONATHAN, Revol. officer of Waltham, Ms., b. Framingham, 3 Feb. 1726; d. there 6 Jan. 1784. He had been an officer in the French war, and, at Bunker s Hill, com. a regt., behaved with spirit, and was wounded. In May, 1775, he proposed to the Prov. Con gress an exped. to Quebec by way of the Kennebec and Chaudiere ; thanked by the Prov. Cong, for giving up his regt. to Col. Whitcomb, and app. barrack-master, 16 Nov. 1776. Brewer, COL. SAMUEL, b. Framingham, Ms.; d. after 1781. Bro. of Col. Jonathan Brewer ; adj. -gen. of the troops at Roxbury, IBRJE 122 under Gen. Thomas, in the spring of 1775 ; wounded at Bunker s Hill ; authorized to raise a regt. for service at Ticonderoga in Aug. 1776 ; col. 12th Ms. Continental regt. 1777-8; cashiered 1778. Brewerton, HENRY, LL.D. (Dick Coll. 1847), brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1819. Entering the engineer corps, he became col. 22 Apr. 1864 ; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, retired 7 Mar. 1867; supt. engr. of the defences of Baltimore harbor, and of Del. River and Bay, 1861-5, and of N.Y. har bor defences, 1865-7. Cullum. Brewster, CHARLES WARREN, editor and author, b. Portsmouth, N.H., 13 Sept. 1802 ; d. there 3 Aug. 1868. He received a common school education, was an apprentice in the of fice of the Portsmouth Journal, with which he was connected over half a century, and was 43 years its proprietor. He was in 1846-7 a member of the State legisl. and in 1850 a member of the last Const. Conv. Author of " Fifty Years in a Printing-Office," " Ram bles about Portsmouth," 2 series, 1859-1870. Brewster? WILLIAM, a Pilgrim of Ply mouth, elder and only teacher for some years, b. Scrooby, Eng., in 1566; d. Plymouth, Ms., April 16/1644. After an education at Cam bridge U., he entered the service of William Davison, ambassador of Queen Elizabeth, in Holland, between whom and himself a strong attachment subsisted. Through Davison s in fluence, he was made postmaster of Scrooby. Turning his attention to religious subjects, he withdrew from the Established Church, and es tablished with others a separate society. This new church met on the Lord s Day, at Mr. Brewster s house, as long as they could assem ble without interruption. Endeavoring by flight to avoid their persecutors, Mr. Brewster, and Mr. Bradford and others, were seized in 1607, just as they were going to Holland, and imprisoned at Boston in Lincolnshire. Mr. Brewster, having most property, was the greatest sufferer, and, obtaining with much dif ficulty and expense his liberty, he first assisted the poor of the society to emigrate, and then followed them to Holland. His means being exhausted, he opened a school at Leyden for teaching the English language. By the assist ance of some friends, he also procured a print ing-press, and pub. several books against the hierarchy, but could not obtain a license for their pub. in Eng. Such was his reputation in the church at Leyden, that he was chosen a ruling elder, and accomp. its members who emig. to N. E. in 1620. The church at Ply mouth being for several years destitute of a minister, Mr. Brewster, who was respected for his character and venerable age, frequently officiated a r j a preacher, though he could never be persuaded to administer the sacraments. See Life and Times of Wm. Brewster, by A. Steele, 1857. Brickett, JAMES, physician and Revol. pa triot, b. 1737 ; d. Haverhill, Ms., 9 Dec. 1818. He practised physic successfully many years in Haverhill ; was a surgeon in the army at Ti conderoga in 1 759-60 ; became lieut.-col. of Frye s Essex regt. 20 May, 1775, and was en gaged and wounded at Bunker s Hill, 17 June; was app. brig.-gen. of the forces to be sent to Canada, 11 July, 1776 ; com. the escort of Burgoyne s captive soldiers from Saratoga to Cambridge, Ms., in Oct. 1777. Chase s Hist., Haverhill. Bridge, HORATIO, b. Augusta, Me., Apr. 8, 1806. Bowd. Coll. 1825. Son of Judge James. Studied law, and opened an office at Augusta; entered the navy as paymaster in 1838 ; chief of the bureau of clothing and pro vision, 1845-68. Author of "Journal of an African Cruiser." Bridgman, LAURA, a blind deaf-mute, b. Hanover, N.H., Dec. 21, 1829. At the age of 2 years, a severe illness deprived her of sight and hearing, and consequently of speech; while the sense of smell was also destroyed, and that of taste-much impaired. She gradually recov ered her health ; but none of her senses were restored. At the age of 8, she became an in mate of the Perkins Inst. for the Blind, in Bos ton, under the care of Dr. S. G. Howe,where she was taught the names and qualities of objects, and how to write. Subsequently acquired the rudiments of arithmetic; took lessons on the piano, in which she became quite skilful ; and acquired a practical knowledge of needlework and of some household duties. She manifests in a remarkable degree that maidenly coyness and reserve which have been so often regarded as the result of education. She is still an in mate of the Perkins Asylum. Appleton s New Amc,r. Cycl. BriggS, CHARLES FREDERICK, author and journalist, b. Nantucket. Removing to N.Y. City early in life, he has since resided there. In 1845, in conjunction with Edgar A. Poe, he edited the Broadway Journal, a weekly ; also edited Putnam s Magazine from 1853 to 1856, in connection with G. W. Curtis and Parke Godwin, and has since been one of the editors of the New-York Times. He was also connect ed with the Evening Mirror. He pub. in 1839 " The Adventures of Harry Franco/ a novel ; "Story of the Telegraph," 1858; in 1844, " The "Haunted Merchant," and in 1847," The Trippings of Tom Pepper." He is a vigorous and caustic writer. Some of his poetical pieces have appeared in Putnam s Monthly, and others in a choice vol. of selections, " Sea weeds from the Shores of Nantucket." d. Brooklyn, N.Y. June 20, 1877, a. 67 BriggS, GEORGE NIXON, LL.D. (Wms. Coll. 1844), gov. of Ms., b. Adams, Ms., April 13, 1796 ; d. Pittsfield, Sept. 12, 1861. A.M. of H.U. 1828. His father served under Stark at Bennington. He learned the trade of a hatter ; studied law ; was adm. to the bar in Oct. 1818; practised successively in Adams, Lanesborough, and Pittsfield, and in 1827, in the defence of a Stockbridge Indian tried at Lenox for murder, established his reputation as one of the ablest criminal lawyers of the State. Register of deeds from 1824 to 1831 ; M.C. 1831-43 ; gov. of Ms. 1844-51 ; judge of C. C. P. in 1851-6. He was a member of the State Const. Conv. of 1853. In 18G1, he was one of a committee to adjust the differences between the U.S. and New Grenada; but his death, from the accidental discharge of a gun, prevented his entering upon that duty. A BRI 123 strenuous advocate of temperance ; pres. of the Temperance Union, of the Ms. S. S. Union, the Baptist Missionary Union, and the Tract So ciety at Boston. A biography by Rev. Wm. C. Richards appeared in 1866. His son, Col. HENRY SHAW BRIGGS, com. 10th Ms. Vols. ; made brig. -gen. 17 July, 1862 ; wounded at Fair Oaks ; b. 1 Aug. 1824. Wms. Coll. 1844. A lawyer by profession. Brigham, AMARIAH, M.D., physician, and superintendent of asylums for the insane, b. New Marlboro , Ms., Dec. 26, 1798 ; d. Sept. 8,1849. Left an orphan at 1 i, and at 1 7 he com menced the study of medicine, supporting him self by teaching school during winters. Com mencing practice in 1821, he resided success ively in Enfield and Greenfield, Ms., and in Hartford, Ct., and spent a year (1828-9) in European travel and study. In 1837, he deliv ered a course of lectures before the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, N.Y. He was su perintendent of the Insane Asylum at Hartford, 1840-2, and at the State Lunatic Asylum, Uti- ca, N.Y., from 1843 till his death. He deliv ered lectures on the treatment of the insane, prepared reports, and- established, in 1844, a Journal of Insanity. He pub. in 1832 a small work on " Asiatic Cholera," soon after, a trea tise on " Mental Cultivation and Excitement ; " in 1836, "The Influence of Religion upon the Health and Physical Welfare of Mankind ; " in 1840, " The Anatomy, Physiology, and Pa thology of the Brain ; " in 1849, a small vol. of aphorisms and maxims for the use of those who had been under his care, with the title of "The Asylum Souvenir." See Memoir, by E. K. Hunt, in Gross s Med. Biog. Brigham, PAUL, d. Norwich, Vt, June 16, 1824, a. 79. Four years a capt. in the Revol. army ; high sheriff of Windsor Co., Vt., 5 years; maj.-gen. of militia; 5 years chief-justice County Court; and 22 years lieut.-gov. of Vt. Bright, JESSE D.,U. S. senator (1845-62), b. Norwich, Chenango Co., N.Y., Dec. 18, 1812. Removing to Ind., he received an aca demic education, and studied and practised law. He was circuit judge of Ind. ; State senator, U. S. marshal, lieut.-gov. of the State, and pres. of the U. S. senate during several sessions. In 1857, the Democ. members of the State legisl. re-elected him to the senate in a manner which was denounced as fraudulent and unconstitutional by his Republican opponents; and his seat was contested. He continued a senator until Feb. 1862, when, on a charge of disloyalty, the principal proof of which was, that in March, 1861, he wrote a letter to Hon. Jefferson Davis, pres. of the Confed. States, " recommending to him a person desirous of furnishing arms," he was expelled by a vote of 32 to 14; d. Baltimore, May 20, 1875. Bright, JONATHAN BROWN, merchant of N. Y. City, b. Waltham, Ms., Apr. 23, 1800; pub. in 1858 "The Brights of Suffolk, Eng., represented in America by the Descendants of Henry .Bright, jun., who settled at Water- town, Ms., ab. 1630." Duyckinck. Brignoli, SIG. PASQUALINO, long an es tablished and favorite tenor on the Amer. ope ratic stage, b. Milan, 1832. At 15, he produced an opera in his native city. Disgusted with the rendering of its finest aria by Cartalani, he rushed on the stage in his street-dress, and sang the role to the delight of all. Brown & Amer. Stage. Brinley, FRANCIS, b. Boston, Nov. 10, 1800. H. U. 1818. Adm. to the Suffolk bar in 1821. Member of the council of Boston some years, and its pres. in 1850, 51 ; member of the Ms. legisl. 1832, 50, 54; of the senate in 1852, 53, 63, and of the State Const. Conv. in 1853. He was an early advocate of railway and other internal improvements, of the aboli tion of imprisonment for debt, and of a well regulated militia system, and was thrice chosen capt. of the Ancient and Hon. Art. Co. Author of a life of his bro.-in-law, William T. Porter, 1860, and contrib. to Hunt s March. Mag. and the American Jurist. His articles on Dower are cited by Chancellor Kent in his Commen taries. Also a frequent contrib. to the press, and a successful lecturer. He pub. in 1830 an Address before the Franklin Debating Society of Boston. Duyckinck. Brion (bre-6n), PETER Louis, adm. of Co lombia, b. Caracas, July 6, 1782; d. Sept. 20, 1821. He studied navigation in the U. S. After the death of his father, who bequeathed him a large fortune, he returned to his country, bought a vessel, and made several voyages, and settled at Caracas in 1804, where he estab lished a mercantile house. He took an active part in the events of 1809 and 1810; volunteered his services in 1811 to the Republic of Caracas, and was app. capt. of a frigate. At his own expense, he fitted out a fleet, and attacked the Spanish forces at the Island of Marguerite, where he gained a signal victory. Brion dis- ting. himself at the conquest of Guiana, and also at Santa Marta and Carthagena, and was in 1816 the active coadjutor of Bolivar. He is reproached for his partiality, if not bar barity, in the affair of Gen. Piar. It is, how ever, the only stain on his character. Brisbane, ABBOTT H., engineer, b. S. C. West Point, 1825. In 3d Art. 1825-8. Col. S. C. Vols. against the Seminole Indians, 1835-6, and in the skirmish of Tomoka, 10 Mar. 1836. Railroad engineer in S. C. and Ga., 1836-48; prof, of belles-lettres and ethics, S. C. Milit. Acad., 1848-53; planter near Charleston, S. C., since 1853. Author of " Ralphton, or the Young Carolinian of 1 776," a political romance. Cullum. Brissot (bre -so ) de Ouarville, JEAN PIERRE, French author and revolutionist, b. Ouarville, 14 Jan., 1754 ; guillotined, Paris, 30 Oct. 1793. Abandoning the law for literal. ire, he in 1780 pub. his "Theory of Criminal Laws," and was in 1784 thrown into the Bas- tile for his writings. He afterwards visited Geneva and Eng., and, on his return to France, established at Paris a society for the abolition of negro slavery. In 1788, he travelled in America, and pub. an account of his journey in 1791. He then established at Paris the French Patriot, a revol. journal ; became in July, 1789, a member of the Paris municipal ity, and was a member of the National As sembly, and a leader of the Girondists. Ac cused by Robespierre, and brought before the BRI 124 revol. tribunal, he was speedily put out of the way. He was a great admirer of the Ameri cans, assumed the habits of the Quakers, and introduced the fashion of wearing the hair with out powder. Among his many writings are an " Examination of the Travels of Chastellux in America," " The Commerce of America with Europe, " 8vo, Lond., 1793, and " Letters on the History of England." Bristed, CHARLES ASTOR, author, b. N.Y., 1820. Y. C. 1839. Son of Rev. John Bris ted. He spent 5 years at Cambridge, Eng., and took his degree at Trinity Coll. in 1845. At both universities, he gained frequent prizes for classical attainments. Returning home, he m., in 1847, the dau. of Henry Brevoort. He has latterly resided in Paris and in Baden-Ba den. His corresp. with the N. Y. Spirit oftfie Times records the matters of art, literature, the drama, and the social aspect of the times pass ing under his eye; and an article in Fraser, of July, 1855, treats of the relation of the English press to the U. S. Author of many lively pa pers in Eraser s and other magazines, of editions of some of the classics, and of "Five Years in an English University," pub. in 1852. One of the original trustees of the Astor Library. Died Washington City, Jan. 15, 1874. Bristed, JOHN, Pr.-Ep. clergyman and au thor, b. Dorsetshire, Eng., in 1778; d. Bristol, R.I., Feb. 23, 1855. After studying the clas sics at Winchester Coll., and medicine at Ed inburgh, he turned his attention to the study of the law, and, arriving at New York in 1806, practised law there many years with distinction. Ord. in 1828, when he became assist, to Bishop Griswold, then rector of St. Michael s at Bris tol, R.I. In 1829, the bishop removed to Ms., and was succeeded by Mr. Bristed in the rec torship of St. Michael s, which he resigned in 1843. He m., in 1820, a dau. of John Jacob Astor. Author of "Resources of the U. S.," 1818; "The Adviser, or the Moral and Lit erary Tribunal," 4 vols., 1802; "A Pedestrian Tour through Part of the Highlands of Scot land in 1801 ; " a coll. of" Critical and Philos. Essays," 1804; "The Society of Friends Ex amined," 1805; and, in 1806, "Edward and Anna." In 1807, he conducted the Monthly Register; in 1809, he pub. in N. Y. " Hints on the National Bankruptcy of Britain ; " in 1811, " The Resources of the British Empire." In 1814, he delivered an oration on "The Utility of Literary Establishments." Bristol, JOHN BUNTAN, landscape-painter, b. Hillsdale, N.Y., Mar. 14, 1824. His early life was a struggle without aid, instruction, or sympathy. In 1859, he visited Fla., and in 1862 settled in N. Y. City. Among his pic tures are, " Afternoon on the St. John s," "Au tumn Afternoon near Bolton, Lake George," "Mansfield Mountain at Sunrise," and "An Afternoon in Haying Time." Tuckennan. Brock, SIR ISAAC, a British maj.-gen., b. Guernsey, Oct. 6, 1769 ; killed at the battle of Queenston, Canada, Oct. 13, 1812. Enter ing the army as ensign in 1783, he had seen service in Holland, and in the attack on Copen hagen in 1801, when, Oct. 9, 1811, with the rank of maj.-gen., he was app. pres. and ad ministrator of the govt. of Upper Canada. He took prompt measures to place the provinca in a condition to meet the impending conflict with the U. S. ; captured the army of Gen. Hull at Detroit, Aug. 16, 1812, and, while rallying his troops on the field of Queenston, fell pierced by 3 balls. A monument marks the spot where he fell. Brockenborough, WILLIAM, judge, b. July 10, 1778; d. Richmond, Va., Dec. 10, 1838. Representative of Essex Co. in legisl. , afterward councillor ; judge Gen. Court, 1809- 1834 ; judge of the Court of Appeals, 1834-8. Broderick, DAVID COLBRETH, politician, b. Washington, D.C., Dec. 1818; killed in a duel with Judge Terry in Cal., Sept. 21, 1859. His father, a native of Ireland, and a stone cutter, removed to N.Y. during his early youth, and ab. 1837, with his mother and only bro. d. there. Acquiring great political influence in N.Y. City, while engineer in the fire dept., he was a candidate for Congress in 1846. In 1849, he was in Cal. ; was in the senate of that State in 1850; pres. of that body in 1851 ; again State senator in 1852, and in 1856 was sent to the U. S. senate. He was eminent as a debater, opposed the admission of Kansas as a slave State under the Lecompton Constitution, and separated from the Democ. party on the question of slavery in 1858. Brodhead, GEN. DANIEL, b. Va., 1736; d. Milford, Pa., Nov. 15, 1809. He raised a company of riflemen in 1775, who served in the battle of Long Island ; app. col. 8th Pa. regt. In Apr. 1778, he led an exped. against the Indians. In the spring of 1781, he led another exped. against the Muskingum Indians, which was successful. He made two important treaties with the Indians, one of them, July 22, 1779, with the Cherokees. He received the thanks of Congress, and was many years surveyor-gen, of Pa. DeHass. Brodhead, JACOB, D.D., b. Ulster Co., N.Y., May 14, 1782; d. Springfield, Ms., June 6,1855. "Un. Coll. 1801. His ancestor, Capt. Daniel of Yorkshire, was an officer in the exped. under Col. Nicolls against New Netherland in 1664, and settled in Esopus or Kingston, N.Y., in 1665. Tutor in Un. Coll. in 1802 ; pastor of the Ref. Dutch Church at Rhinebeck from 1804 till 1809, when he settled in N.Y. as one of the pastors of the Collegiate Church. He established the First Dutch Church in Phila., whither he went in 1813; returned to N.Y. in 1826, and took charge of the church in Broome St. until 1837, when he removed to Saugerties, and became pastor of the church at Flatbush. He removed to Brooklyn, 1841, and was the minister of the Central Ref.-Prot. Dutch Church, until he relinquished his pastoral service there in 1847. Brodhead, JOHN C., 44 years minister of the M. E. Church, and M. C. from N.H., 1829-33; d. Newmarket, N.H., Apr. 7, 1838, a. 67. Brodhead, JOHN ROMETN, son of Rev. Jacob, politician and historian, b. Phila., Jan. 2,1814. Rutg. Coll. 1831. Adm. to the bar in 1835 ; practised 2 years in N.Y., then devoted himself to the study of American history. Attached to the U. S. legation at the Hague in 1839, he was app. by the legisl. of N. if. iti 125 BRO agent to procure and transcribe original docu ments concerning the history of the State. He spent 3 years in the archives of Holland, Eng., and France, obtained more than 5,000 separate papers, 16 vols. from Holland, 47 from Eng., 17 from France, comprising the reports of home and colonial authorities, and returned to N.Y. with this rich freight in the summer of 1844. All these documents were pub. by act of the legisl. They make 1 1 quarto vols., and were edited by E. B. O Calhighan. From 1846 to 1849, he was sec. of legation to Mr. Bancroft at London, and from 1853 to 1857 was uaval officer of N.Y. He is at work upon a history of the State, the first vol. of which was pub. in 1853, the second in 1871. In the spring of 1855, he was app. consul-gen, to Japan, but did not accept. He delivered an address ^>efore the N.Y. Hist. Soc., 1844, and on the commercial history of N.Y., before the Mercan tile Library Assoc. at the opening of Clinton Hall, June 8, 1854 ; d. N.Y. City, May 6, 1873. Broglie (brog le ), CLAUDE VICTOR MARIE DE, son of the Marshal de Broglie, b. Paris in 1757 ; guillotined, June 27, 1794. 2d col. of the regt. d annis at the age of 23. He volunteered his services in the cause of Amer. Independence; was transferred to the regt. Saintonge under Custine, and served until the capture of Yorktown. On his return to France he became col. of the regt. Bourbonnais. Elected dep. to the States-gen., he espoused the popular cause, voting for the admissibility of all citizens to office. As sec. of the assembly in 1790, he labored to organize the military force. Pres. of the National Assembly, Aug. 14, he, on the 31st, requested a com. in the array, and was made marshal de camp in the Army of the Rhine. His conduct was praised until Aug. 10, 1792, when, not wishing to recognize the decree sus pending the king from his rights, he resigned; was soon afterwards arrested, brought before the Revol. tribunal, and was condemned to death. Nouv. Biog. Gen. Broke, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERB, an English adm., b. Sept. 9, 1776; d. Jan. 2, 1841. He entered the navy in 1792, and be came a post captain in 1801. He is chiefly known by his capture in " The Shannon " of the Amer. frigate " Chesapeake " in June, 1813, a victory that was exceedingly agree able to his countrymen, who had begun to be seriously alarmed at the repeated successes of the little Amer. navy. He was raised at once to the dignity of a baronet. In this action, he received so severe a wound as to incapacitate him from service ; and he retired on half-pay. Bromfield, JOHN, merchant, b. Newbury- port, April 11, 1779; d. Boston, Dec. 8, 1849. He was the last representative in Amer. of the male line of a family disting. for more than a century, among the citizens of Boston, for in tegrity and benevolence. EDWARD, his ances tor, came to Boston in 1675. He acquired a fortune as European agent for Amer. mercan tile houses, then by the Canton trade, and afterwards by investments of his capital in Boston, where he resided during the latter part of his life. In 1845, he gave to the Boston Athenaaum $25,000, and at his death he left munificent bequests to several charitable insti tutions. See Reminiscences of J. B., Salem, 1852. Bronson, GREENE CARRIER, LL.D., (Un. Coll. 1848), lawyer and politician, b. Oneida Co., N.Y., 1789; d. Saratoga, Sept. 3, 1863. He acquired high repute as a lawyer in Utica ; became surrogate of the Co. in April, 1819; member of the assembly, 1822; atty.- gen. 1829 to Jan. 1836; then a puisne judge of the Superior Court, chief-justice Supreme Court, 1845, and a judge of the Court of Ap peals, 1847. He afterward practised law in N.Y. City, lost most of his property by specu lation, was collector of that port in "l 853-4 and corp. counsel from Dec. 1859 to Jan. 1863. He stood high as a lawyer, and was a leader of the " Hard Shell " Democ. Bronson, ISAAC H., jurist, b. Rutland, N.Y., 16 Oct. 1802; d. Pilatka, Fla , 13 Aug. 1855. Adm. to the bar in 1822, and became disting. ; sent to Congress in 1837, but re signed on account of ill health; U. S. Terr, judge of Fla., 1838-45, and, from that time to his d., U.S. Dist. judge for the State. Brooke, FRANCIS J., jurist, b. Smithfield, Va., Aug. 27, 1763; d. March 3, 1851. In 1780, he was app. a lieut. in Harrison s regt., his twin bro. John obtaining a like commis sion in the same regt., and served under La fayette and Greene. On returning to Va., he studied medicine one year with his elder bro. Lawrence, then studied law, and in 1 788 was adm. to the bar. He practised in the Coun ties of Moriongahela and Harrison ; was app. Commonwealth s atty. in the Dist. Court, and afterward practised in Essex Co., and in the Northern Neck. In 1794-5, he represented Essex Co. in the H. of Delegates. In 1796, removed to Federicksburg ; in 1800, was elect ed to the senate, and in 1804, while its speak er, was elected a judge of the General Court. In 1811, he was elected judge of the Court of Appeals, of which he was pres. 8 years. In 1831, he was re-elected a judge of the same court, of which he was a member at the period of his death. FRANCIS J., son of the preceding, joined the army in 1822, was made adj. Apr. 1833 ; 1st lieut. May, 1835 ; fell, Dec. 25, 1837, in the battle of Okeechobee, Fla. Brooke, GEORGE MERCER, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., bro. of F. J., b. Va.; d. San An tonio, Texas, Mar. 9, 1851. He entered the army, May 3, 1808, as 1st lieut. 5th Inf. ; was made capt. May 1, 1810; maj. 23d Inf. in 1814\; lieut.-col. 4th Inf., Mar. 1, 1819, and in July, 1831, col. 5th Inf. His first brev., that of lieut.-col., Aug. 15, 1814, was for " gallant con duct in the defence of Fort Erie ; " his second, that of col. Sept. 17, 1814, was for " disting. services in the sortie from Fort Erie." He wag made a brev. brig.-gen. Sept. 17, 1824, and was brev. maj .-gen. May 30, 1848. Brooks, CHARLES, Unitarian clergyman and author, b. Medford, Ms., 30 Oct. 1795. H.U. 1816. Descended from Thos. of Water- town, 1631. He officiated for a short time as a reader in the Pr.-Ep. Church ; was pastor of the 3d Cong. Church, Hingham, 17 Jan. 1821-1839; chosen prof, of nat. hist, in the U. of N.Y. in 1838 ; sailed in Nov. 1839 for Europe, where he passed 4 years in the study BRO 126 of the animal kingdom, and on his return pub. a large vol. on ornithology. Failure of eye sight compelled him shortly after to resign his professorship. He strongly advocated the Prus sian system of education, and the establish ment of normal schools, and has labored in behalf of peace, temperance, and African colonization. Besides contribs. to periodicals, pamphlets, sermons, c., he has pub. " History of Mcdford," 1855, " Family Prayer-Book," " Daily Monitor," 10 vols. of biography, a paper on the sanitary survey of the State, and a report on the tornado in Middlesex Co. in Aug. 1851; d. July 7, 1872. Brooks, CHARLES TIMOTHY, Unitarian clergyman and author, b. Salem, Ms., June 20, 1813. H.U. 1832. He commenced preaching at Nuhant in the summer of 1835, and settled, June 4, 1837, in Newport, R.L In 1851, he pub. at Newport a pamphlet, " The Contro versy touching the Old Stone Mill." In 1853, he made a voyage to India for his health. Be sides bis translations from the minor German poets, he is the author of numerous occasional verses, a series of Festival, New Year, and An niversary Addresses. He is an accomplished German scholar, and has pub. a translation of Schiller s " William Tell," 1838 ; a vol. of miscellaneous poems from the German in the series of " Specimens of Foreign Standard Literature ; "a translation of Schiller s " Hom age to the Arts," 1847, c. ; " German Lyrics," 1853, " Songs of the Field and Flood," and an admirable translation of Goethe s " Faust," 1857. In 1863, he pub. a transl. from the Ger man, of " The Life, Opinions, Actions, and Fate of Hieronimus Jobs ; " " Titan," by Jean Paul Richter, in 1865, "Hesperus," a compan ion romance; " Aquidnec," and other poems, 1848. Duyckinck. Brooks, COL. DAVID, a Revol. soldier, b. 1756; d. at his house in Duchess Co., N.Y., Aug. 30, 1838. Lieut, in the Pa. line in 1776 ; captured at Fort Washington, Nov. 16, 1776 ; exchanged 1778, and promoted to assist, clothier-gen., in which responsible post he secured the friendship of Washington. After the war, he settled in Duchess Co., N.Y. ; was 6 years a member of the assembly ; representative in Congress from May to July, 1797 ; a com missioner for making the first treaty with the Seneca Indians, and subsequently, for 16 years, first judge of Duchess Co. He was an officer of the customs at the time of his death. Brooks, ELEAZER, Revol. soldier, b. Con cord, Ms., 1727; d. Lincoln, Ms., 9 Nov. 1806. Without any schooling, he acquired by read ing and observation a fund of information, and even a knowledge of civil and political law. He rose from acapt. of militia, in 1773, to the rank of brig.-gen. ; disting. himself greatly at White Plains, where he com. a regt. ; chosen to the Gen. Court in 1774; he was afterwards a member of the senate and of the council, with drawing from public life in 1801. Brooks, ERASTUS, journalist, b. Portland, Me., Jan. 31, 1815. At 8 years of age, he was sent to Boston ; was employed in a grocery- store, and attended an evening school. He subsequently became a printer, ami pub. the Yankee, at Wiscasset, Me. He studied at Brown U., then taught a grammar school at Haverhill, Ms., and edited the Haver/till Gci* zette. In 1836, he became the Washington corresp. of the N. Y. Daily Advertiser, and sev eral N.England papers. Acquiring an interest in the N.Y. Express, just established by his brother James, in 1836, he continued from that time one of its editors and proprietors. He travelled extensively in Europe in 1843, was in the N.Y. Senate in 1853 and in 1855, and in the summer of 1856 was the candidate foi the Amer. party for gov. of the State, and afterward joined the Dernoc. party. While a member of the senate, he had a controversy with Archbishop Hughes of N.Y., in relation to the title to church-property in real estate. Brooks, HORACE, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Boston. West Point, 1835. Son of Maria Brooks, poetess. Entering the 2d Art., he was brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry in the war against Florida Indians, Dec. 31, 1835; assist, prof, mathematics at West Point, Nov. 1836 to Aug. 1839; capt. 18 June, 1846; brev. major for Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847 ; brev. lieut.-col. for Molino del Rev, Sept. 8, 1847; com. 2d artillery, and disting. at Cha- pultepec and San Cosme Gate; maj. 2d Art. Apr. 28, 1861; lieut-col. Oct. 26, 1861; col. 4th Art., Aug. 1, 1863; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, services during the Re bellion, in which he served in defence of Wash ington, Fort Pickens, Fla., Apr.-Oct. 1861, and Ft. Jefferson, Fla., 1861-2. Cullum. Brooks, JAMES, journalist, b. Cape Eliza beth, Me., Nov. 10, 1807. Waterville Coll. 1S31. Losing his father in 1814, he had to struggle with poverty. At 16, he taught school, was afterwards at the head of the Latin school in Portland, then travelled through the Southern States, and among the Creek and Cherokee Indians, and corresp. with various journals. He afterwards became the corresp. at Washing ton of several papers, and originated the sys tem of regular Washington correspondences. A member of the Me. legisl. in 1835, he intro duced the first proposition for a railroad from Portland to Montreal and Quebec. The same year he visited Europe, travelling on foot over a great part of the Continent and the British Isles, and wrote a scries of interesting letters to the Portland Advertiser. In 1836, he estab lished the N. Y. Express, which has attained a large circulation. He was a member of the Assembly in 1847, and of Congress from 1849 to 1853 and from 1865 to 1871, taking an active part, particularly in matters relating to trado and commerce. He took part in favor of the "compromise measures" in 1850, became a prominent advocate of and identified with the fortunes of the American party, and, since the Rebellion, a prominent Democrat. Delegate to the State Const. Conv. of 1867 ; d. Apr. 30, 1873. Brooks, JAMES GORDON, poet, b. Claver- ack, N.Y., Sept. 3, 1801 ; d. Albany, Feb. 20, 1841. Un. Coll. 1819. Son of David Brooks, a Revol. officer. He studied law, and removed in 1823 to New York, where he edited the Mi nerva, a literary journal, am) afterward the Lite- ran/ Gazette, the Athenceum, the Hominy Courier, and contrib. to the Commercial Advertiser under the signature of "Florio." In 1828, he m. Mary 127 BRO Elizabeth Aiken of Poughkeepsie, who had written under the signature of "Norma," and in 1829 pub. " The Rivals of Este, and other Poems," by James G. and Mary E. Brooks. They removed to Winchester, Va., in 1830, and In 1838 to Albany. Brooks, JOHN, M.D., LL.D., soldier and statesman, b. Medford, Ms., May 31, 1752 ; d. March 1, 1825. Brought up on the farm of his father, Capt. Caleb Brooks, he received a common school education, and at the age of 14 was indented as an apprentice to Dr. Simon Tufts for 7 years. The celebrated Count Rum- ford was a fellow-student; and their intimacy was continued by corresp. until the death of the count. He commenced the practice of physic at Reading, where he com. a company of minute-men, with whom, April 19, 1775, he did good service at the battle of Lexington. App. maj. in Bridges s regt , and active in in trenching Breed s Hill on the night of June 16, but was not in the battle of the 17th. On the re-organization of the army in Feb. 1776, he was made major of Col. Charles Webb s (19th) regt., which assisted in fortifying Dorchester Heights, and accompanied it to Long Island. Being a good tactician and disciplinarian, his command was disting. throughout the war for gallant conduct in battle, and regularity in re treat. In the battle of White Plains, his regt. was the last to quit the field, which it did with the steadiness of veterans, and received the dis ting. acknowledgments of Washington. Early in 1777, he was promoted to lieut.-col. of the 8th Ms. regt., principally recruited by himself. On the death of Col. Alden, in Nov. 1778, Brooks was made col. of his regt. (7th Ms.). In Aug. 1777, he accompanied Arnold s com. against St. Leger, who, with a body of Cana dians, Indians, and Tories, besieged Fort Stan- wix. To Brooks belongs the credit of the suc cessful stratagem of sending one Cuyler to spread exaggerated reports of Arnold s forces to alarm and put them to flight. At the battle of Saratoga, Oct. 7, 1777, he led on his regt. with fearless intrepidity, turning the right of the enemy ; stormed their intrenchments, enter ing them, sword in hand, at the head of his men, and put to rout the veteran German troops that defended them. After the app. of Steuben as insp.-gen. early in 1778, Brooks was associated with him in the arduous duty of introducing a uniform system of exercise and manoeuvres. In the battle of Monmouth, he was acting adj. -gen. After the war, he resumed the practice of medicine in Medford. He was for many years moj.-gen. of the militia of his county, and, as a member of the legisl., ac tively supported the measures for suppressing Shavs Rebellion. He was a delegate to the State convention for the adoption of the Fed eral Constitution, which he zealously advocat ed. App. by Washington marshal of his district, and inspector of the revenue in Dec. 1795; successively a State senator and coun cillor ; during the War of 1812-15, adj.-gen. of the State; and its gov. from 1816 to 1823, when ho retired to private life. He received from H. U. in 1816 the degrees of M.D. and LL.D. He was pres. of the Ms. Mod. Society from 1817 to his death; of the Cincinnati from 1787, and of the Ms. Bible Society. He lad two sons, Col. ALEXANDER SCAMMELL, an offi cer of the U.S. army, and Lieut. JOHN of the navy, who was killed in the battle on Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813. Brooks, MARIA (GOWEN), poetess, named by Southey " Maria del Occidente," b. Medford, Ms., ab. 1795; d. Matanzas, Nov. 11, 1845. Her father, whom she lost while young, was an educated man, and had possessed coii-ider- able property, but lost it just before his death. Mr. Brooks, a Boston merchant, provided for her education, and on its completion m. her. At this period, she first evinced poetic talent, but pub. nothing until 1820; when "Judith, Esther, and other Poems," appeared. On the death of her husband in 1823, she removed to Cuba, where she finished her principal work, "Zophiel, or the Bride of Seven," the first canto of which was pub. at Boston in 1825. In 1830, she visited Paris and London, where her work was pub. in 1833. In a passage in " The Doctor," Mr. Southey terms Mrs. Brooks " the most impassioned and most imaginative of all poetesses." In 1843, she pub. privately " Idomen, or the vale of Yumuri." Her " Ode to the Departed " was written in 1843. Her son, HORACE BROOKS, is a col. in the army. Brooks, NATHAN COVINGTON, LL.D. (Em. Coll., Ga., 1859). Poet and teacher, b. Cecil Co., Md., Aug. 12, 1819. St. John s Coll. He became a teacher at the age of 18; was elected principal of the Baltimore High School in 1839, and in 1848 organized the Bait. Female Coll., of which he is pres. Mr. Brooks ranks high as a writer of occasional poetry : among the best of his pieces are " Shelley s Obsequies," and "The Fall of Superstition." He has also produced one of the best histories of the Mexican war that has yet appeared. Author of a series of Latin and Greek text books, of which the Virgil has received high praise. He has contrib. to different European periodicals, and won the prize offered by the Southern Churchman for the best poem, over such competitors as Mrs. Sigourney, George W. Bethune, and N. P. Willis. Brooks, PETER CHARDON, merchant, b. N. Yarmouth, Me., 6 Jan. 1767 ; d. Boston, 1 Jan. 1849. Rev. Edward, his father, returned to Medford, where he d. 1781. The son worked on a farm, received a common school education ; and, establishing himself in Boston, his talent and integrity soon insured success. Engaging in the business of marine insurance, he acquired great wealth and was some years pres. of the N. E. Ins. Co. Member of both branches of the State legisl., of the exec, council, and of the first city council of Boston, and a delegate to the Const. Conv. in 1820. He m. the dau. of Judge Nathl. Gorham, and had, for sons-in- law, Edward Everett, Rev. N. L. Frothingham, and Charles Francis Adams. Brooks, REV. PHILLIPS, an eloquent Prot.-Epis. clergyman, b. Boston, 13 Dec. 1835. H. U. 1855. Studied at the Theol. Sera, at Alexandria, Va. ; was ord. 1859, and became pastor of the Church of the Advent, Phila. ; in 1862, of the Holy Trinity; and, in 1870, of Trinity Church, Boston. Brooks, PRESTON S., lawyer and M. C. 128 in l53-7, b. Edgefield District, S.C., Aug. 4, 1819; d. Washington, D.C., Jan. 27, 1857. S.C. Coll. 1839. Adra. to the bar in 1843, and was a State representative in 1844. He was a capt. in the Palmetto Regt. during most of the Mex. war. May 22, 1856, he made a most violent personal assault upon Charles Stunner in the U. S. senate-chamber, which event caused great excitement through out the country. The attack was caused by words uttered in debate by Senator Sumner against Senator Butler, who was Mr. Brooks s relative. A committee of the house reported, June 2, in favor of his expulsion : this was lost, 121 to 95, not two-thirds. After this occurrence, he resigned his seat in the house, and was re-elected by his constituents. Lan- man. Brooks, WILLIAM T. H., brig.-gen. vols., b. O., ab. 1815; d. Huntsville, Ala., 19 July, 1870. West Point, 1841. Entering the 3d Inf., he became 1st lieut. in Sept. 1846 ; brev. capt. for gallantry at Monterey; assist, adj. - gen. to Gen. Twiggs in the Valley of Mexico ; brev. maj. for ContrerasandChurubusco; capt. Nov. 10, 1851 ; disting. in battle with Indians in New Mex., Oct. 10, 1858; maj. 18th Inf., Mar. 12, 1862, and brig.-gen. U.S. vols., Sept. 28, 1861. He served in the Army of the Potomac, in the corps of Gen. Franklin ; took part in the battles before Richmond ; and at Antietam led his brigade in the division of Gen. W. F. Smith, and was wounded ; com. a divis ion in Sedgwick s corps at Chancellorsville, and in July, 1864, was temporarily in com. of the 10th army corps, in operations before Richmond ; in actions of Swift s Creek, May 9-10, 1864; Drury s Bluff, May 16-29; Cold Harbor, June 2-12 ; siege of Petersburg, and resigned 14 July, 1864. Outturn. Broom, JACOB, statesman, delegate to the convention which framed the Federal Consti tution ; d. Phila., Apr. 1810, a. 58. He filled many offices of honor and trust in Del. JAMES M., Princeton Coll. 1794 ; M. C. 1805-7, from Del. ; d. 1850. Broome, JOHN, merchant, member of the N.Y. Const, Conv. of 1777 ; lieut.-gov. of N.Y., 1804; d. Aug. 8, 1810, a. 72. He was many years at the head of Various commercial, charitable, and religious institutions. BrOUgh, JOHN, gov. of Ohio, 1864-5, b. Marietta, ()., Sept. 17, 1811; d. Cleveland, Aug. 29, 1865. He began life as a printer, and entered the 0. University. In 1831, he pub. at Marietta the Washington County Republican, a Democ. paper. In 1833, with his bro. Charles H., he bought the Lancaster Eagle, which took high rank as a Democ. journal. Clerk of the O. senate in 1835-8 ; then a member of the legisl ; auditor, 1839-45. In 1846, he opened a law- office in Cincinnati, and with his bro. managed the Inquirer, and took high rank as a political orator. Retiring from active political life in 1848, he became pres. of the Madison and Indianapolis Railway, and, in 1853, of the Bellefontaine and Indianapolis Road. Hav ing, in 1863, made a speech declaring slavery destroyed by the act of rebellion, and earnest ly appealing to all patriots, of whatever pre vious predilections, to unite in support of the govt, he was nominated for gov. and elected by the heaviest majority ever given in the State. Brougham, JOHN, an Irish actor and playwright, b. Dublin, May 9, 1814. He was intended for the medical profession ; but, dis appointed in the hope of a, govt. clerkship in London, he gave lessons in drawing for a time, and in July, 1830, became an actor in the Olympic Theatre. He appeared with great success at the Haymnrkct in June, 1832, as Looney McTwolter in " The Review ; " became; a favorite in light comedy, and Irishmen, occa sionally writing farces and minor dramas. In 1842, he came to Amer., appeared at the Park in " The Irish Lion," and has since performed in almost every principal theatre in the Union He built the Lyceum (Wai lack s) in N.Y. in 1850, but relinquished it in 1852. He managed the Bowery in 18567, and visited Eng. in 1860-5. He is a very popular actor; author of various comedies, dramas, and extravagan zas ; and has also successfully adapted pieces from the novels of Dickens and Bulwer. He has pub. " A Basket of Chips/ 2 vols., and " The Bunsby Papers." Broughton, CAPT. WILLIAM ROBERT, an English circumnavigator, b. Gloucestershire, 1762; d. Mar. 12, 1821. He went to sea in Dec. 1774, and, in the sloop "Falcon," arrived at Boston 3 days before the Lexington battle, and participated in the attack on Bunker s Hill. He was soon after made prisoner in an attempt to bring off a schooner which had been driven ashore at Cape Ann; was exchanged, Dec. 1776, and served on the station until 1778. He was actively engaged under Sir Ed. Hughes in the E. Indies ; in 1790, accompanied Van couver in his voyage of discovery ; app. com mander, Oct. 1793 ; made a second voyage in 1796 of 4 years duration, and assisted in the capture of Java in 1811. Vancouver gave the name of Broughton s Archipelago to some islands in the Pacific in about 50 degrees N. latitude. He pub. " Voyage of Discovery to the N. Pacific Ocean," 1894. See Ann. Obituary, 1821. Broughton, COL. THOMAS, gov. of S.C. from 1735 to hisd., 1738; was a councillor and collector of the customs in 1708; afterward lieut.-gov. ; succeeded Gov. R. Johnson, May 3, 1735. Oldmixon s Carolina. Brown, AARON VAIL, postmaster-gen, of the U. S., b. Brunswick Co., Va., Aug. 15, 1795; d. Washington, D. C., Mar. 8, 1859. Chapel Hill U. 1814. In 1815, he removed to Tenn., where he was for many years a law-partner with James K. Polk. Member of the Tenn. legisl. 1821-32 ; M. C. from 1839 to 1845; gov. of Tenn. in 1845, and was made in 1857, by Pres. Buchanan, post master-gen. A delegate to the Southern con vention at Nashville, in 1850, and wrote the report known as the " Tennessee Plat form." He was also a member of the conven tion of the Democ. party at Baltimore, in 1 852, to which he reported the platform adopted by them. Among- the measures of his administra tion was the establishment of a new and short er communication to California by Tchuante pec, and another across the continent bv the 129 way of Salt Lake. His speeches were pub. at Nashville in 1854. Brown, ALBERT G., statesman, b. Chester District, S.C., May 31, 1813. Removing with his parents to Mpi. while a child, he was app. a brig.-gen in the State militia when only 19. He adopted the law as a profession ; was a member of the State legisl. from 1835 to 1839, and was M.C. from Mpi. in 1840-1. He was also a judge of the Circuit Superior Court in 1841-3 ; gov. of Mpi. from 1843 to 1848 ; again M. C. from 1848 to 1854 ; and a U. S. senator from 1854 to 1858; re-elected for six years, commencing Mar. 4, 1859, but resigned in 1861 to join the Rebellion. He was an unflinching champion of the views of the Democracy of the South. A vol. of his speeches was pub. in 1S59. Brown, ANDREW, editor, b. in the north of Ireland, ab. 1744; d. Phila., Feb. 4, 1797. Educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin, he came to Amer. in 1773 as an officer in the British ser vice, and settled in Ms. He fought on the patriot side at Lexington and Bunker s Hill ; was made muster-master-gen, in 1777, and served under Gates and Greene, with the rank of rnaj. After the peace, he established an acad. for young ladies, first at Lancaster, Pa., and afterward at Phila. He relinquished this occu pation, for which his irritable temper unfitted him, and, in 1788, established the Federal Ga zette, the title of which was, in 1793, changed to the Philadelphia Gazette. This was the chan nel through which many of the friends of the Federal Constitution addressed the public. He was the first who regularly reported the debates in Congress. His death was caused by injuries received while fruitlessly endeavoring to save his wife and 3 children from the fire which destroyed his establishment on the night of Jan. 27, 1797. His son ANDREW, until 1802, carried on the Gazette, but, taking the English side in politics, became unpopular, and left for Eng., where he d. 7 Dec. 1847, a. 73. Brown (BLACKWELL), ANTOINETTE L., Cong, minister, b. Henrietta, Monroe Co.,N.Y., May 20, 1825. After attending an acad., she continued her studies at Oherlin, until 1849. Her coll. vacations were spent in teaching, or in extra study of Hebrew and Greek. It was customary for the students at Oberlin to receive a license to preach ; and, before the completion of their studies, they would begin the practice of speaking in the neighboring pulpits ; and she frequently preached at Henrietta, O., and in other places, during the remainder of her term of study. She subsequently preached, and occasionally lectured on literary topics, temperance, and the abolition of slavery. At the Woman s Rights Convention at Worcester, 1850, Miss Brown was one of the speakers, and has been a prominent advocate of the cause. From 1853 to the summer of 1854, she was settled over a Cong, church in South Butler, Wayne Co., N.Y., when ill health and doctri nal doubts interrupted the connection. She subsequently lectured on reformatory subjects, and investigated the character and causes of vice in N.Y. City, with special reference to its bearing upon woman. In 1855, she pub. in a N.Y, journal a number of sketches from life, 9 under the general title of " Shadows of our Social System." In Jan. 1856, she rn. Suml. C. Blackwell, whose bro. had m. her friend Lucy Stone. Brown, B. GRATZ, statesman, b. Lexing ton, Ky., May 28, 1826. Transylv. U. 1845"; Y.C. 1847. Grandson of Senator John Brown of Ky. Settled as a lawyer in St. Louis, Mo. ; member of the State legisl. in 1852-8 ; assist ed in establishing the Missouri Democrat, and edited it in 1854-9 ; a speech delivered by him in the legisl. in 1857 was the initial movement in behalf of freedom in that State. Early in 1861, he raised a regt., which assisted in the capture of Camp Jackson. He subsequently com. a brigade of militia during an invasion of the State. He was foremost in organizing the movements which resulted in the ordinance of freedom in Mo. in 1864. U.S. senator 1863-7; gov. Mo. 1871. Brown, BARTHOLOMEW, musical compos er, b. Sterling, Ms., Sept. 8, 1772; d. Boston, Apr. 14, 1854. H.U. 1799. He was a lawyer at Sterling and E. Bridgewater, and, with Judge Mitchell, edited about 20 years " The Bridgewater Coll. of Church Music," which contains many pieces of his composition. He wrote the calendars in " The Farmer s Alma nac " for 59 years. Brown, CHAD, minister of Providence, R.I., ancestor of many disting. citizens of R.I. ; d. 1665. He fled thither, from persecution in Ms., in 1636 ; became a member of the Baptist Church founded by Roger Williams in 1639, and in 1642 was associated with Wm. Wicken- den in the pastoral care. In 1792, the town of Providence voted a monument to his mem ory. Brown, CHARLES BROCKDEN, novelist, b. Phila., Jan. 17, 1771 ; d. Feb. 22, 1810. He was of Quaker lineage, his ancestors having emigrated with Wm. Penn. His middle name was derived from his uncle, the " skilful con veyancer" and "great scrivener," of whom Franklin writes in his Autobiography. His attachment to books while a child was remark able, and after receiving a liberal education, under Proud the historian, he had, at the age of 16, already formed plans of extensive lite rary works. He was apprenticed to Alexander Wilcox, an eminent lawyer, but occupied him self with literary, instead of legal studies. He became intimate with a literary club in N.Y., to which city he removed in Sept. 1796, which increased his devotion to letters, and his eagerness to be conspicuous as a writer. In 1798 appeared his first novel, " Wieland," a powerful and original romance, and in 1799, " Osmond ; or, The Secret Witness." At this time, he had begun no less than five novels, two of which, " Arthur Mervyn " and " Edgar Huntly," were soon pub. In "Arthur Mervyn," the ravages of the yellow-fever, which the au thor had witnessed in N.Y. and Phila., are painted with terrific truth. In Apr. 1799, he pub. the first number of the Monthly Mag. and American Review, continued until the end of the year 1800. In 1800, he pub. the 2d part of "Arthur Mervyn;" in 1801, "Clara Howard," and "Jane Talbot " in 1804. In Nov. 1804 he m. Elizabeth, dau. of Dr. W. Linn of N.Y. ICO In 1803, having returned to Phila., he began the Literary Magazine and American Register, in which he persevered 5 years. In 1806, he commenced a serai-annual American Register, 5 vols. of which he lived to complete. In 1809, discovering that his lungs were seriously af fected, he consented to travel for the recovery of his health. The remedy, however, was ap plied too late. In Nov., after an excursion into N. J. and N.Y., he betook himself to his chamber, as he thought, for a few days ; but his confinement terminated only with his life. Mr. Brown was a man of romantic temper, benevolent heart, pregnant invention, exten sive attainments, and great industry. His nov els abound both with excellences and faults, and bear a character of originality. He is said to have been the first in Amer., who ven tured to pursue literature as a profession. He also pub. " An Address to the Govt. of the U. S. on the Cession of Louisiana to the French, and the Late Breach of Treaty by the Spaniards" (1803), " The British Treaty," and " An Address to the Congress of the U.S. on the Utility and Justice of Restrictions on Foreign Commerce," &c., 1809. Browne, CHARLES F. (ARTEMUS WARD), humorist, b. Wateriord, Me., Apr. 26, 1834; d. Southampton, Eng., Mar. 6, 1867. He began the printer s trade, as a compositor on the Skowhegan Clarion, and afterward worked on the Carpet Bag, a comic weekly in Boston, which contained his first literary efforts. Con necting himself with the Cleveland Plaindealer, he began his series of "Artemus Ward s Say ings," which gained for him the reputation of being a clever and original humorous writer. While editing Vanity Fair, in N.Y., he com menced his humorous lectures, " The Babes in the Wood," " Sixty Minutes in Africa," &c. These were also very successful. After a visit to Cal. and Utah in 1862, he gave comic lec tures on Mormonism, with panoramic accomp., which were the best of their kind ever attempt ed, and constantly drew crowded houses. In 1866, he visited Eng., and was exceedingly popular, but broke down completely in health, and was about to return home when overtaken by death. His papers were coll. and pub., en titled " Artemus Ward, his Book," " Arte mus Ward, his Travels," " Artemus Ward in London." Brown, CLARK, Pr.-Ep. minister of Wil liam and Mary Parish, Md. ; d. there Jan. 12, 1817. He had been a Cong, minister in Ma- chias, Me., in 1795-7, and at Brimfield in 1798-1803. A vol. of his sermons was pub. after his death. Brown, DAVID, a converted Cherokee ; d. Creek Path, Mpi., Sept. 14, 1829. He was ed ucated, with his sister Catharine, at the school of Rev. Cyrus Kingsbury in the Cherokee ter ritory, and at Cornwall, Ct., and engaged with her in educating and Christianizing their na tive tribe. He was a preacher and interpreter, and also acted as sec. of the Indian Govt. His letters and reports show cultivation and intel ligence. CATHARINE, who was first among all her tribe in wealth, rank, and personal beauty, baptized in Jan. 1818 ; d. July 18, 1823, a. 23. Brown, DAVID PAUL, lawyer, b. Phila., 1795, gained distinction as a pleader in crimi nal cases. Author of " The Forum ; or, Forty Years Full Practice at the Phila. Bar," 2 vols., 1856. Brown, ETHAN ALLEN, jurist and states man, b. Darien, Ct., July 4, 1776 ; d. Indian apolis, Feb. 24, 1852. Roger, his father, d. 1816, a. 82. He was educated by an Irish scholar, and acquired a critical knowledge of languages. He read law in the office of Alex. Hamilton; was adm. to the bar in 1802 ; emi grated to the West, with his cousin, Capt. John Brown, and in 1804 settled at Cincinnati, ac quiring an extensive practice. He was a judge of the Supreme Courtof O. from Feb. 10, 1810, to 1818 ; gov. 1818-22; U. S. senator, 1822-5 ; canal commissioner, 1825-30; U. S. minister to Brazil, from May 26, 1830, to Apr. 11, 1834 ; commissiorer of the gen. land office, from July 24, 1835, to Oct. 31, 1836; and member of the Ind. legisl. in 1842, having removed to Rising Sun, Ind., Nov. 1, 1836. ^. T. Good man s Memoir. Brown, GEORGE L., landscape-painter, b. Boston, 1814. His tastes led him to study wood-engraving; but his desire to be a painter occasioned a visit to Antwerp ; and, during a residence at Florence (1840-6), he painted many excellent pictures, among others a moonlight view of Venice, of rare merit. His special merit is a susceptibility to the language of at mosphere and skies. In 1860, after a 12-vcars* res. at Rome, he returned to the U. S., and re sides in Boston. His " Crown of New Eng land," the highest of the White Mountains, was purchased by the Prince of Wales. He has executed several American landscapes, views of Niagara, the White Mountains, and the N. E. and Southern coasts. Among his best pictures are " The Bay of New York," " Monte Pel- legrino," " Capri, and Italian Sea-coast," "Rome," "Lake of Lucerne," "View of Na ples," "Florence by Sunset," "The Campagna of Rome," and "Lake of Como." 1nc.ke.r- man. Brown, GOOLD, grammarian, b. Provi dence, R.I., Mar. 7, 1791 ; d. Lynn, Ms., Mar. 31,1857. Of Quaker parentage He was edu cated in the schools and academies of his na tive State, and at 19 began his vocation of teacher. He first taught a district school in R. I. ; then a Friends boarding-school in Duchess Co., N.Y., in 1811 ; removed to New York in 1813, where, for over 20 years, he con ducted an acad. He pub. " Institutes of Eng lish Grammar," 1823; "First Lines of English Grammar," 1823 ; and "A Grammar of English Grammars," 1851. He had, at the time of his death, just concluded the revision of the latter work. Duyckinck. Brown, HARVEY, brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A., b. Roxbury, N.J., 1795. West Point, 1818. Entering the art., he became 1st lieut. 4th Art., 23 Aug. 1821 ; capt. 10 Apr. 1835; maj. 2d Art, 9 Jan. 1851 ; lieut.-col. 4th, 28 Apr. 1861 ; col. 5th, May 14, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols., 28 Sept. 1861 ; declined ; retired 1 Aug. 1863. He won the brevets of maj., 21 Nov. 1836, for "gal lantry " and "general efficiency " in the Flori da war; lieut.-col. for Contreras, 20 Aug., and col. for the Gate of Belen, City of Mexico, BRO 131 13 Sept. 1847 ; being also engaged at Mon terey, vera Cruz, and Cerro Gordo ; was en gaged in repulse of rebel attack on Santa Rosa Island, Fla., 9 Oct. 1861 ; and brev brig.-gen. U.S.A., 23 Nov. 1861, for gallantry in the en gagement between Fort Pickens and the rebel batteries, Nov. 22-23 ; and 2 Aug. 1866, brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A. for services in suppressing riots of July 12-16, 1863, in N. Y. City. d. Clifton, Staten Island, Mar. 31, 1874. Brown, HENRY KIRKE, sculptor, b. Ley- den, Ms., 1814. At 18, he went to Boston to study portrait-painting, but turned his atten tion to sculpture; and, to obtain means to visit Italy, he became a railroad-engineer in 111. In i 842, he succeeded in getting to Italy, where he passed 4 years in study. Returning, he fixed his residence in Brooklyn, N.Y., applied him self to the casting of bronze, and is said to have produced the first bronze statue ever cast in this country. He has produced in marble, " Hope," " The Angel of Retribution," " The Indian and Panther," " The Pleiades," " The Four Seasons; " and in bronze, a statue of De Witt Clinton, the colossal statue of Washington in Union Square, New York. Brown, JACOB, maj.-gen. U. S. A., b. Bucks Co., Pa., May 9, 1775 ; d. Washington, Feb. 24, 1828. Of Quaker ancestry. He taught school at Cross wicks, N.J., from the age of 18 to 21, and passed the next two years in survey ing public lands in Ohio. In 1798, he opened a school in N. Y. City, studied law, and wrote political articles for the press ; but his active temperament led him to purchase land on the borders of Ontario and the River St. Lawrence, where he established himself, and erected the first building within 30 miles of the lake. A flourishing settlement soon sprang up ; he be came county judge, col. of militia in 1809, brig.-gen. 1810, and in 1812 was app. to com. the frontier from Oswego to Lake St. Francis, 200 miles. Oct. 4, he repulsed the attack of a superior British force upon Ogdensburg, his headquarters. He was offered the com. of a U. S. regt., but declined. At the request of Col. Backus, he took com. at Sackett s Harbor in season to defeat an attack by superior num bers, May 29, 1813. App. brig.-gen. U. S. A., July 19, 1813, maj.-gen. Jan. 24, 1814, and placed in com. of the northern division of the army at French Mills. From this period, suc cess attended our operations in Canada. He took possession of Fort Erie ; gained a victory over Gen. Riall on the plains of Chippewa, Ju ly 5, 1814 ; over a superior force under Lieut- Gen. Drummond in the battle of Niagara Falls, July 25, 1814, where he received two severe wounds ; and in the sortie from Fort Erie over the same officer, Sept. 17, 1814, thus raising the siege. He received the thanks of Congress, Nov. 3, 1814, and a gold medal emblematical of those triumphs. At the close of the war, he was retained in command of the northern divis ion of the army, and was made gen. in chief Mar. 10, 1821. Nat. Port. Gallery; Gardiner. Brown, JAMES, lawyer and statesman, b. near Staunton, Va., Sept. 11, 1766; d. Phila., April 7, 1835. Wm. and Mary Coll. He studied law, and, emigrating to Ky., rose to distinction at the bar. In 1791, he com. a com pany in an exped. against the Indians, and in 1792 became sec. to Gov. Shelby. Soon after the cession of La., he emigrated thither; aided Livingston in compiling the Louisiana code, and became sec. of the territory; U. S. atty. for La.; U. S. senator in 1812-17 and 181 9-24; and was U. S. minister to France in 1824-9. His bro. John was U. S. senator from Ky. Brown, JOHN, statesman of Ky., brother of James, b. Staunton, Va.,Sept. 12, 1757; d. Frankfort, Ky., Aug. 29, 1837. His father, John, 44 years pastor of a Presb. church in Rockbridge, d. 1803, a. 75, John left N. J. Coll. to join the Revol. army ; subsequently completed his education at Wm. and Mary Coll.; went to Ky. in 1782; practised law; was a member of the Va. legisl. from Ky. dist. ; member of the Old Congress, 1787-8; M. C. 1789-93 ; and U. S. senator, 1793 to 1805. He was active in the Indian warfare of his day, in the admission of Ky. into the Union, and the securing for the West the navigation of the Mississippi. Collins s Hist. Ky. Brown, JOHN, a philanthropic merchant, b. Providence, R.I., Jan. 27, 1736; d. there Sept. 20, 1803. One of 4 brothers, Obadiah, Nicholas, John, and Moses, partners in a mer cantile firm disting. for enterprise and public spirit. He led the party, which, on the night of June 17, 1772, destroyed the British sloop- of-war " Gaspe " in Narragansett Bay, and was sent in irons to Boston on suspicion of having been concerned in that affair, but was released through the efforts of his brother Moses. Anticipating the war, he instructed his captains to freight their vessels on their return- voyages with powder, and furnished the army at Cambridge with a supply, when it had not 4 rounds to a man. He was a member of Congress in 1799-1801, a great projector of works of public utility, and a munificent patron of Brown U., of which he was for 20 years treasurer. Chosen delegate to the Continental Congress in 1784, but did not take his seat. Brown, JOHN, Revol. patriot, b. Sandis- field, Ms., Oct. 19, 1744 ; killed by the Indians, Oct. 19, 1780, while marching to relieve Schuy- ler, in the Mohawk- Valley campaign. Y.C. 1761. He was king s atty. at Caughnawaira, N.Y., afterwards practised law in Pittsfield, Ms., and was an active patriot. In 1774, and again in 1775, he entered Canada in disguise, and endeavored to secure the co-operation of the inhabitants with the other Colonies in the Revol. He was a delegate to the Prov. Con gress in 1775; aided Allen in the capture of Ticonderoga, and, Sept. 24, took Fort Chambly. In the attack on Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775, maj. Brown co-operated, by making a false attack upon the walls to the south of St. John s Gate. He was with Montgomery when he fell, and was, on his recommendation, made lieut.-col. Aug. 1, 1776, with rank and pay from Nov. 1775 ; Sept. 18, 1777, early in the morning, he surprised the outposts of Ticonderoga, set free 100 Amer. prisoners, captured 4 companies of regulars, a quantity of stores and cannon, and destroyed a large quantity of boats, and an armed sloop. He left the service on account of his detestation of Arnold, whose treachery he predicted, but continued to act with the mi- 182 litia of Berkshire. Member of the legisl. in 1778. Brown, CAPT. JOHN of Ossawattomie, a disting 1 . champion of liberty, b. Torrington, Ct., 9 May, 1800; hung at Charlestown, Va., 2 Dec. 1859. In a letter to a relative, dated from his prison, 19 Nov. 1859, he says, "I suppose I am the first of our mutual kindred, since the landing of Peter Bj^own of The May flower/ that has either been sentenced to im prisonment or to the gallows. Our grandfather, Capt. John Brown, fell in 1776, and he, too, might have perished on the scaffold, had cir cumstances been but very little different. I should be 60 years old were I to live till May 9, 1860. I have enjoyed much of life as it is, and have been remarkably prosperous ; having early learned to regard the welfare and pros perity of others as my own. I have not as yet been driven to the use of glasses, but can see to read and write quite comfortably, and I have generally enjoyed remarkably good health." His father removed to Ohio in 1805. In 1815- 20, he worked at the trade of a tanner and cur rier. In 1820, he m. Dianthe Lusk. He re moved, in 1846, to Springfield, where he was a dealer in wool ; afterward visited Europe on business ; emig. in 1855 to Ks., where he took an active part in the contest with the proslavery party. A devout member of the Cong. Church, and a man of strict moral character, possessed of unflinching courage, and intense earnest ness, he was specially adapted to the work he was to do. As early as 1839, he conceived the idea of becoming a liberator of the Southern slaves. In Aug. 1856, he defeated at Ossawat tomie a band of Missouri invaders ten times more numerous than his own force. In May, 1859, he called a secret convention of the friends of freedom, which met at Chatham, Canada, organized an invasion of Va. to liber ate the slaves, and adopted a constitution. In July, he rented a farm-house about 6 miles from Harper s Ferry, and collected there a supply of pikes, guns, &c. On the night of 16 Oct. 1859, with about 20 men, he surprised Harper s Ferry, seized the arsenal and armory, and took 40 prisoners. Attacked by the Va. militia, on the 17th, after two of his* sons, and nearly all of his men, had been killed, and he himself had been wounded in several places, he was cap tured. " Enemies and friends/ says Redpath, " were equally amazed at the carriage and say ings of the wounded warrior." He was tried in Nov., and met death with serene composure. He was twice married, and had 20 children. See Life, by Redpath, 1860; Life and Letters, by R. D. T7ei6,1861. Brown, JOHN NEWTON, D.D., Baptist clergyman and author, b. New London, Ct., June" 29, 1803; d. Germantown, Pa., May 15, 1 868. He grad. at what is now Madison U., Hamilton, N.Y., with the highest honors in 1823 ; preached one year in Buffalo, afterwards at the 1st Bapt. Church, Providence, in Maiden, Ms, and in Exeter, N.H. He edited "The Encyclopaedia of Religious Knowledge" (1835), repub. in Eng. From 1838 to 1845, he was prof, of theol. and eccl. history in the New Hampton Theol. Institution, N.H., but was obliged by ill health to go South. From 1845 to 1849, he was pastor of a church at Lexington, Va., and was subsequently editorial sec. of the Amer. Bapt. Pub. Society, and editor of the Cf.ristian Chronicle and the National Baptist. He edite^ for this society the works of Bunyan and Ful- # ler, and " Fleetwood s Life of Christ." The Baptist articles of faith, called the "N.H. Con fession," were prepared by him, and revised in 1852. He also wrote verse ; one of his best ef forts being a translation of the Dies Irce, " Emily, and other Poems," he pub. 1840. Brown, JOHN SULLIVAN, author, b. Moul- tonborough, Sept. 5, 1825. Dartm. Coll. 1848. Solicitor of patents at Washington, D.C., since Apr. 1851. Has 7 patents of his own, and 30 or 40 improvements of other inventions ; has pub. " A Catalogue of all Patents prior to 1867," " Hives, and the Managing of Bees/ and the Pen and Lever, devoted to mechanism and inventions. Alumni of D.C. Brown, JOHN W., author, b. Schenectady, N.Y., Aug. 21, 1814; d. Malta, Apr. 9, 1849. Un. Coll. 1832. After completing his studies at the General Theol. Sem., he settled as a Pr.-Ep. minister at Astoria, N.Y., July 3, 1836; conducted the Astoria Female Institute in 1838-45; became in 1845 editor of the Prot estant Churchman ; was the author of the " Christmas Bells, a Tale of Holy Tide," 1842, and other poems, and of several religious tales in prose. Brown, MASON, LL.D. (Trans. U.), jurist and legal writer, b. Phila., 10 Nov., 1799; d. Frankfort, Ky., 27 Jan. 1867. Y.C. 1820. He studied in the office of J. J. Crittenden and in the Lexington Law School ; practised at Frankfort; became the partner of Charles S. Morehead, with whom he compiled " Morehead and Brown s Digest ; " was many years judge of the Circuit Court of his dist., and sec. of State, 1855-9. Father of Senator B. Grarz Brown, and of Brig.-Gen. J. M. Brown. Son of Sen. John Brown of Ky. by a sister of John M. Mason, D. D. Y. C. Obt. Record, 237. Brown, MATTHEW, D.D. (NJ.Coll. 1823), LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1835; Jeff. Coll. 1845), educator, b. Northumb. Co., Pa., 1776; d. Pittsburg, Pa., 29 July, 1853. Dick. Coll. 1794. Licensed to preach by the Presb. of Carlisle, 3 Oct. 1 799 ; some time pastor at Canonsburg, Pa. First pres. of Wash. Coll., Pa., 1806-16, and pres. of Jeff. Coll. Pa., 1822-45. Besides addresses and sermons, he pub. " Memoir of Rev. 0. Jennings, D.D.," 1832, and " Life of Rev. John McMillan, D.D." Sprague. Brown, MOSES, capt. U.S.N. ; d. New- buryport, Jan. 1, 1804, a. 62. In the Revol. war, he com. several of the largest privateers of N.E. ; was engaged in many severe battles ; disting. himself particularly in one with a ship of superior force, and was a zealous, brave, and successful officer. On the establishment of the U.S. navy, the merchants of Newburyport built a ship by subscription for the govt., the com. of which was given to Capt. Brown, who was commissioned capt. Sept. 15, 1798. While he com. " The Merrimack," he was as enterpris ing and successful as formerly. Brown, NICHOLAS, merchant, b. Provi- BRO 133 dence, R.I., April 4, 1769; d. there Sept. 27, 1841. R.L Coll. 1786. He descended from Chad Brown, one of the early colonists with Roger Williams, and was the son of Nicholas, (one of the 4 brothers), who d. May 29, 1791, a. 61. In 1791, he founded the mercantile house of Brown & Ives, one of the most successful in the country. For many years, he was a member of the R.I. legisl. He was one of the most munificent patrons of R.I. Coll. which, in 1804, changed its name to Brown Univ. In 1823, he built a second coll. edifice, entirely at his own expense, and gave, in all, nearly $100,000 to that institution. He gave nearly $10,000 to the Providence Athenaeum, liberally aided in the building of churches and the en dowment of colleges and academies, and be queathed $30,000 for an insane asylum, to be established at Providence. His son, John Carter Brown, has also been a munificent patron of B. U. See Hunt s Lives of Amer. Merchants. Brown, PATRICK, M.D., b. Mayo Co., Ireland, ab. 1720; d. 1790. Author of" Civil and Nat. Hist, of Jamaica," 1756. Brown, PHCQBE HINSDALE, poetess, b. Canaan, N.Y.,1 783 ; d. Oct. 10, 1861, at Henry, 111., at the house of her dau., Mrs. Elijah Smith. She m. Timothy H. Brown. One of her sons is a missionary at Japan. Some of her lyrics are in Cleveland s " Lyra Sacra Americana." Brown, COL. RICHARD, a Cherokee Indian ; d. Tenn., Jan. 26, 1818, a. 45. He led the Cherokees in every battle of the Creek war, under Gen. Jackson, whose personal friendship he enjoyed, and was severely wounded at the battle of the Horse Shoe. At the time of his death, he was one of the Cherokee delega tion to Washington respecting a treaty. Brown, GEN. ROBERT, b. Northampton Co., Pa., 1745 ; d. there Feb. 26, 1823. App. at the beginning of the Revol. an officer in the Pa. "Flying Camp," he was made prison er on Long Island, and being permitted to work at his trade, that of a blacksmith, dis tributed the proceeds of his wages among his fellow-prisoners. He was made a brig.-gen. of the State militia, filled several civil stations, was a member of the State senate for some time; M.C. from 1798 to 1815. Rogers. Brown, SAMUEL, M.D., physician, b. Rockbridge Co., Va., Jan. 30, 1769; d. Ala., Jan. 12, 1830. Dick. Coll. 1789. He studied medicine under Dr. Rush, in Phila., and took the degree of M.D. at Aberdeen. He practised a while near what is now Washington City ; settled in Lexington, Ky., in 1797 ; in 1806, in New Orleans ; at Natchez, where he m. Miss Catharine Percy, in 1808, after whose death, he settled on a plantation near Huntsville, Ala. Prof, of medicine in Transylv. U. in 1 81 9-25. He was extensively engaged in prac tice ; suggested the process now in general use for clarifying ginseng, and for the applica tion of steam to the distillation of spirits ; was a member of the Philos. Society and a contrib. to its " Transactions," vol. vi., and also to the N.Y. Med. Repos. With his dis- ting. brothers, John and James Brown of Ky., and Henry Clay, he endeavored in 1799 to carry a project for the emancipation of the slaves, but did not succeed. Author of a trea tise on yellow-fever, 1800. Memoir by L<* Roche, in Gross s Med. Bioy. Brown, SAMUEL GILMAN, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1853), educator, b. N. Yarmouth, Me., Jan. 4, 1813. Dartm. Coll. 1831 ; And. Theol. Sem. 1837. Son of Francis (pres. of D.C., 1815-20). He was principal of a high school at Ellington, Ct. ; travelled in Europe in 1838-40; was pxof. of oratory and belles let- tres at D.C., 1840-63, and of intell. phil. and polit. econ. in 1863-7; ord. a Cong, preacher at Woodstock, Vt., Oct. 6, 1852; pres. of Hamilton Coll., Clinton, N.Y., since 1866. He has pub. addresses, and c.ontribs. to reviews, " Hist. Discourse before the Alumni of D.C., 21 July, 1869," being its 100th anniver sary ; also " The Life of Hon. Rufus Choate," "Biography of Self-Taught Men," 1847 ; and has written 10 courses of lectures, one on " The Earlier Eng. Literature," the other on " British Orators," delivered before the Lowell Institute, Boston, in 1859, and elsewhere. Brown, SAMUEL R., author, d. at Cherry Valley, Sept. 15, 1817, a. 42. He was a vol. during the War of 1812, and afterwards edited, until 1815, a newspaper called the Patriot, at Cayuga, N.Y. He pub. " A View of the Cam paigns of the North-western Army,". 1814 ; History of the War of 1812," in two vols. ; " Western Gazetteer ; or, Emigrant s Direc tory," 1817. Brown, SOLYMAN, M.D., b. Litchfield, Ct.,Nov. 17, 1790. Y.C. 1812. Ord. a Cong, minister in 1814 ; preached and taught school until 1822; when he removed to N.Y., where he preached Swedenborgianism. Since 1832, he has practised dentistry in that city. He pub. in 1818 an essay on Amer. poetry, to gether with some miscellanies ; "Dentologia," a poem on the diseases of the teeth, 1833 ; and, in 1838, " Dental Hygeia," a poem on the general laws of health. He has contrib. to the N.Y. Mirror, and been co-editor of the Journal of Dental Science. Everest s Poets of Conn. Brown, THOMAS, capt. U.S. navy, b. Del. ; d. Phila., Nov. 28, 1828. Midshipman, Apr. 27, 1801 ; lieut. March 21, 1807; master, March 1, 1815 ; capt. March 3, 1825. Brown, WILLIAM, an early naval com mander of the Revol.; d. Boston, Nov. 29, 1809, a. 77. Brown, WiLLiAM,adm. of Buenos Ayres,b. Ireland, ab. 1779; d. He came to Baltimore in 1793, and was employed in the mercantile marine until 1796, when he was impressed by a British man-of-war. In 1814, being at Buenos Ay res, in the com. of an Eng. merchant-ship, during the War of Independence, he was in duced to enter the naval service of that coun try. Receiving the command of its flotilla, he engaged in April, 1 814, some Spanish vessels off the island of Martin Garcia. In the ensuing May, a more decisive engagement took place off Montevideo, in which 4 of the enemy s ves sels were taken or destroyed, and the rest dis persed, causing the speedy capture of Monte video. Brown was made adm., and, his services not being required, he planned an exped. against the Spaniards in the Pacific.Ocean, and BRO 134 was for some time successful, making many rich prizes. After having greatly annoyed the Spanish commerce in the Pacific, he was re turning with a rich booty, when he was cap tured by a British ship-of-war, carried into Antigua, and condemned upon frivolous and unreasonable allegations. Owing to this un just proceeding, Brown lived at Buenos Ayres in retirement, and almost in poverty, until the war with Brazil commenced. This event brought him once more into notice, and gave him an opportunity of acquiring no small share of naval reputation. Brown, WILLIAM HILL, poet; d. Mur- freesborough, N.C., where he was studying law, Sept. 2, 1793, a. 27. He wrote a tragedy founded on the death of Andre, and a comedy. His " Ira and Isabella " was pub. in 1807. Browne, COL. THOMAS, loyalist officer of the Revol., of Augusta, Ga. ; d. St. Vincent s, Aug. 3, 1825. In 1775, he fled, but was brought back by the Whigs, tried, tarred and feathered, and drawn 3 miles in a cart exposed to the populace. Removing to Fla., he made, at the head of a small force, predatory incur sions to the banks of the Savannah. Joined in 1778 by about 300 Tories from the interior, he organized the " King s Hangers," uniformed, and com. them as lieut.-col. In 1779, at the head of 400 mounted men, he made a forced march to Augusta, and, after being wounded and twice defeated by Cols. Twiggs and Few, established there a military post, and was re- enforced. In Sept. 1780, Col. Clarke besieged him ; but the talent and skill of Browne, who was himself shot through both thighs, enabled him to hold out 4 days, and until relieved by Col. Cruger. His barbarity to Col. Clarke s wounded, whom he hung, covers him with in famy. Again besieged in April, 1781, by Pickens and Lee, he was forced to surrender in June. Such was the hatred his cruelties had inspired, that he was obliged to be specially and strongly guarded until delivered at Savan nah, or he would have been torn limb from limb. After he was exchanged, he served at Savannah. In May, 1782, he inarched out with a considerable force, but was completely rout ed by Wayne. His estates, both in Ga. and S.C., having been confiscated, he retired to the Bahamas at the peace, whence, in 1786, he wrote an elaborate and able reply to Ramsay s comments on his conduct during the war, ad dressed to the historian himself. In 1809, he was a petitioner in Eng. for a grant of crown- lands, and received 6,000 acres in the Island of St Vincent. It has been stated, that in 1812, he was convicted in London of forgery, which seems unlikely. For his services, he had been made col. com. of his Majesty s late regt. of S.C. or Queen s Rangers, and also superinten dent of Indian affairs in the southern dist. of N. A. Sabine. Browne, JOHN Ross, traveller and author, b. 1817. In his 18th year, he descended the Mississippi and Ohio, from Louisville to New Orleans. In 1846, after visiting a great part of the world, he pub. "Etchings of a Whaling- Cruise, with Notes of a Sojourn on the Island of Zanzibar." He has been in California and the Holy Land, and was app. minister to China in 1868. Author, also, of "An Amer. Family in Germany," " Adventures in the Apache Country," " Land of Thor," " Crusoe s Island, with Sketches of California and Washoe," and " Yusef, Travels in the East." d. Dec. 8, 1875. Browne, WILLIAM, loyalist of Salem, Ms., b. Feb. 27, 1737 ; d. Eng., Feb. 13, 1802. H.U. 1755. Grandson of Gov. Burnet. He was many years a representative of Salem ; one of the 17 rescinders in 1768 ; a col. of the Essex Co. militia ; a judge of the Superior Court, 1773-4, and was banished in 1778 ; and his immense landed estates were confiscated. Gov. of Bermuda in 1781-90. Sabine. Brownell, THOMAS CHURCH, D.D. LL.D., Prot.-Ep. bishop of Ct., b. Westport, Ms., Oct. 19, 1779 ; d. Hartford, Jan. 13, 1865. Un. Coll. 1804. In this institution, he held, in turn, the situations of tutor, prof, of logic and belles-lettres, lecturer on chemistry, and prof, of rhetoric and chemistry, until, in Apr. 1816, he took orders in the church ; and became an as sist, minister in Trin. church, N.Y., in the summer of 1818. He was consec. bishop of Ct., Oct. 27, 1819, and, removing to Hartford, was chosen first pres. of Trin. Coll., which took its rise under his auspices in 1824. He was chiefly instrumental in the liberal endow ments of its professorships, and in procuring important additions to the general fund. He resigned the pres. in 1831. He became presid ing bishop in 1 852. He pub. "A Bible Class and Family Expositor to the Study of the New Testament," and "A Commentary on the Book of Common Prayer." In 1839-40, he prepared 5 vols., entitled " Religion of the Heart and Life." He is also the author of several impor tant charges to his clergy, and various sermons on special occasions, and has contrib. in other ways to the current literature of the day. Browning, ORVILLE H., lawyer and poli tician, b. Harrison Co., Ky., ab. 1810. While a clerk in the office of the clerk of Bracken Co., he went through a course of classical study at Augusta Coll., studied law, was adm. to the bar in 1831, and settled in Quincy, 111. He served through the Black Hawk war in 1832 ; member of the 111. senate in 1836-40; of the lower house in 1841-3, and, in conjunction with his friend Abraham Lincoln, was mainly in strumental in forming the Repub. party of 111. at the Bloomington convention. Delegate to the Chicago convention of 1860, and a warm supporter of the govt. during the Rebellion; U.S. senator in 1861-3 to fill the vacancy oc casioned by the death of Mr. Douglas ; an active member of the Union exec, commit tee, June, 1866; and sec. of the interior in 1866-8 ; and from March, 1868 to March, 1869, also performed the duties of U.S. atty.-gen. Brownlow, WILLIAM GANNAWAT, cler gyman and politician, b. Wythe Co., Va., Aug. 29, 1805. He was left an orphan at 11, and, by hard labor as a carpenter, obtained a fair education. Entering the Methodist ministry in 1826, he was an itinerant preacher for 10 years. While travelling in S.C., he took part in the nullification controversy, opposing the project, and pub. a pamphlet in his own vindi cation, on account of the strong opposition excited against him. In 1828, he advocated in imo 135 Tenn. the election of J. Q. Adams to the Pres idency. Ab. 1837, he became editor of the Knoxville Whig, a political newspaper of wide circulation, and obtained the sobriquet of the " fighting parson." In 1858, in a public debate at Phila., with Rev. A. Pryne, on slavery, after ward pub. in a vol. entitled " Ought American" Slavery to be perpetuated ? " Mr. Brownlow maintained the affirmative. From the begin ning of the secession movement in 1860, he boldly maintained in his paper the principle of adherence to the Union as the best safe guard of Southern institutions. This course subjected him to much persecution after the secession of Tenn. Oct. 24, 1861, he published the last number of the Whig, and, after remain ing some time concealed, was induced, by a promise of passports, to report to the com.-gen. at Knoxville, where he was arrested Dec. 6, and thrown into jail. March 3, 1862, he was released, and escorted to the Union lines at Nashville. He afterward made a tour of the Northern States, delivering speeches in the principal cities ; was joined by his family, who had also been expelled from Knoxville ; and pub. " Sketches of the Rise, Progress, and De cline of Secession, with a Narrative of Personal Adventures among the Rebels," 12mo; 1862. He returned to Nashville after its capture by the Union forces, and was gov. of Tenn. in 1865-9 ; U.S. senator since 1869. Among his other writings are " The Iron Wheel Examined, and its False Spokes Extracted" (I2mo, Nashville), a reply to attacks on the Methodist Church, 1856; d. Knoxville, Tenn. Apr. 29, 77. Brownson, NATHAN, statesman, d. Lib erty Co., Ga., Nov. 1796. Y.C. 1761. He was a physician of Liberty Co., and an early supporter of the rights of his country ; member of the Prov. Cong, of 1775; was some time a surgeon in the army ; was speaker of the legisl. of 1781, by which body he was chosen gov. of Ga. ; member of the Cont. Cong, of 1776 and 1778 ; speaker of the Ga. H. of representatives in 1788; pres. of the senate in 1789-91, and member of the convention that framed the State Constitution in 1789. Ga. Hist. Colls. 213. Brownson, ORESTES AUGUSTUS, LL.D., author, b. Stockbridge, Vt., Sept. 16, 1803. He became in 1825 a Universalist minister, and preached in various places in Vt. and N.Y., writing for and editing various religious peri odicals. Making the acquaintance of Robert Owen, he was attracted by schemes of social reform, and in 1828 was prominent in the formation of a workingmen s party in N.Y. The writings of Dr. Channing led him, in 1832, to become pastor of a Unitarian church. In 1836, he organized in Boston the Society for Christian Union and Progress, of which he had charge till he ceased preaching in 1843. On removing to Boston, he pub. his "New Views of Christianity, Society, and the Church." He established the Boston Quarterly Review in 1838, and was almost its sole writer during the 5 years of its continuance, and xmtrib. largely to it during the first year after it was merged into the Democ. Review of N.Y. In 1840, he pub. " Charles Elwood, or the In fidel Converted," which passed through several editions in Eng. He entered the Roman com munion in 1844, and has since labored uously for the doctrines of that church. The later pubs, of Mr. Brownson are, "The Spirit- Rapper," 1854 ; and " The Convert, or Leaves from my Experience," 1857. Since 1844, he has supported, almost single-handed, Brownson s Quarterly Review, devoted especially to the defence of Catholic doctrines, but also discusses questions of politics and literature. Trans lations of several of his works have been pub. in Europe; d. Detroit, Apr. 17, 1876. Bruce, ANDREW, lieut.-col. 5th Foot, a British officer, who served at Lexington, Bunker s Hill, &c. ; d. Eng., Feb. 5, 1792. Bruce, ARCHIBALD, M.D. (U. of Edinb. 1800), physician, b. N. Y., Feb. 1777 ; d. there Feb. 22, 1818. Col. Coll. 1795. His father, William Bruce, the head of the medical dept. of the British army at N. Y., upon being ordered to the West Indies, specially directed that his son should not be brought up to the med. pro fession. However, from the medical lectures of Nicholas Romayne, the teachings of Dr. Hosack, and attendance on the courses of medical instruction of Col. Coll., he attained a knowledge of the science. He went to Europe \ in 1798, and in a tour of two years in France, \ Switzerland, and Italy, collected a minera- logical cabinet of great value. He m. in London, and, in the summer of 1803, re turned to N.Y. City, and commenced practice. From 1807 until 1811, he was prof, of materia medica and mineralogy in the Coll. of Phy sicians and Surgeons. Having, in connection with Romayne and others, afterward constituted another medical faculty, he delivered lectures on his favorite studies. In 1810, he edited a vol. of a Journal of American Mineralogy, which, as well as his discovery of the hydrate of magnesia at Hoboken, contrib. materially to extend his fame. Member of many learned associations in this country and Europe. * Thacher. Bruce, SIR FREDERICK, an English di plomatist, bro. of the Earl of Elgin, d. Boston, Ms., Sept. 1867. App. ambassador to the U.S. early in 1865. Bruce, GEORGE, an eminent type-founder, b. Edinburgh, Scotland, June 26, 1781 ; d.N.Y., July 5, 1866. He came to the U.S. in June, 1795 ; was apprenticed to a printer in Phila. ; afterward went to Albany, and thence to N.Y., where, in 1803, he was foreman, and a con tributor to the Dai/i/ Advertiser. In 1806, with his bro. David, he opened a book-printing- office. In 1812, David went to Eng., and brought back with him the secret of stereotyp- ing. In 1816, they sold out their printing- business, and began that of type-founding, into which George introduced many valuable im provements. In connection with his nephew, David Bruce, jun., he invented the only type casting machine which has stood the test of experience, and is now in general use. He was many years pres. of the Mechanics In stitute, and an active member of several literary and benevolent associations. Bruen, MATTHIAS, minister of the Bleecker st. Church, N. Y. (14 June, 1825-1829), b Newark, N.J., Apr. 11, 1793; d. N.Y., Sept. 6, 1829. Col. Coll. 1812. He travelled in BRIT 136 BUG Europe with his preceptor, Dr. Mason, in 1816 ; was orcl. in London in 1819, and preached six months in the Amer. chapel, Paris. In 1822, he became a missionary in N.Y. He was active in missionary, religious, and educational work. Author of " Sketches of Italy." See Life and Character of, N.Y., 1831. Bruyas, REV. JACQUES, of Lyons, mis sionary, arrived at Quebec, Aug. 3, 1666; became chief of the Iroquois Missions in 1671, and was superior of his order in 1693-1700. In 1700, he was instrumental in making a peace with the Five Nations, which lasted over 50 years. In Aug. 1701, he attended the grand ratification of this treaty. He wrote several works in the Mohawk tongue. His Dictionary, Catechism, and " Racines Agnieres " are still extant. Callaghan. Bryan, GEORGE, judge, b. Dublin, Ire land, 1731 ; d. Phila., Jan. 27, 1791. He came to Amer. in early life ; was engaged some years in commercial pursuits in Phila. ; was a mem ber of the State Assembly, and, in 1765, was a member of the Stamp-act Congress, in which, and in the subsequent struggle, he took an active part. Vice-pres. of the supreme exec, council of Pa., from the period of the Declara tion of Independence, he was, in May, 1778, advanced to the presidency; and in 1779 he was elected to the legisl., when he projected and procured the passage of an act for the gradual abolition of slavery. App. a judge of the State Supreme Court in 1780, he remained in that position until his death. In 1784, he was elected one of the council of censors. He strenuously opposed the adoption of the Federal Constitution. He was an impartial and incor ruptible judge. Bryant, WILLIAM CULLEN, poet and jour nalist, b. Cummington, Ms., Nov. 3, 1794. His X 1 :r Peter, a physician, superintended the ation of his children. Young Bryant com municated verses to the county gazette before he was 10; and his "Embargo," a political satire, and " The Spanish Revolution," were pub. in his 14th year, and again in 1809. At 18, he wrote " Thanatopsis," first pub. in the North Amer. Review in 1817. After 2 years study at Wms. Coll., he studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1815; commenced practice in Plainfield, and afterward removed to Great Bar- rington ; but, though he rose to distinction in the courts, his tastes inclined him to literature. He wrote several prose articles for the North American; in 1821 delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of H. U. a poem on the " Ages; " and a vol. containing several of his poems, pub. at Cambridge, at once stamped him as a genuine poet. He removed to New York in 1825; edited the N. Y. Review, soon after merged into the U. S. Review, and in 1826 connected himself with the Evening Post. This he subsequently, upon obtaining its exclusive control, changed from a Federal to a Democ. print, favoring free trade. From 1827 to 1830, with Sands and Verplanck, he edited the " Tal isman," an annual, and contrib. "Medfield " and the "Skeleton Cave" to the " Tales of the Glauber Spa." In 1832, a complete edition of his poems appeared in N. Y. ; and Irving, then ill Eng., caused it to be reprinted there with a laudatory preface, securing him a European reputation. Having associated Win. Leggett with himself in the management of the Post, he visited Europe in 1834, and travelled there ex tensively. He went, again in 1845, and in a third visit, in 1849, extended his journey to Egypt and Syria. His letters written to the Post during these journeys were pub., with the title of " Letters of a Traveller," soon after his last return. Ab. 1845, he purchased an an cient mansion near the village of Roslyn, on Long Island, where he has since resided. In 1848, he delivered a funeral-oration on Thos. Cole, the great landscape-painter ; and in 1852 a discourse on the life and writings of James Fenimore Cooper. He made another journey to Europe in 1857 and 8, described in a series of letters to the Evening Post, pub. in 1859 as "Letters from Spain and Other Countries." Apr. 3, 1860, he delivered at the Acad. of Mu sic, N. Y., an address on Washington Irving. A new vol. of verses, entitled " Thirty Poems," appeared in 1864. His brother JOHN HOW ARD, also a poet, b. July 22, 1807, first came into notice in 1826 by the publication of " My Native Land." He went to 111. in 1831 ; has been a representative in the legisl., and pub. a coll. of his poems in N. Y. in 1855. Bryson, ANDREW, capt. U. S. N., b. New York, July 25, 1822. Midshipman, Dec. 21, 1837; lieut. Aug. 30, 1851; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. He com. steamer " Chip- pewa " on special service, 1862-3 ; com. iron clad " Lehigh," S. A. B. squadron, at the re duction of Fort Macon, and in all the princi pal actions in which the iron-clads were engaged off Charles ton, from Sept. 1 863, to Apr. 5, 1864, and wounded slightly by fragment of a shell ; com. iron-clad " Essex," Mississippi squadron, 1864-5. Hamersly. Buchanan, FRANKLIN, an officer of the Confed. navy, b. Baltimore, Sept. 17, 1800; d. Talbot Co., Md., May 12, 1874. Midshipm. Jan, 28, 1815 ; he became lieut. Jan. 13, 1825; mas ter-corn. Sept. 8, 1841 ; first supt. of the naval acad. 1845-7; capt. Sept. 14, 1855. Apr. 19, 1861, he sent in his resignation; but, finding that Md. did not secede, he petitioned to be re stored; was refused; entered the Confederate service, and superintended the fitting-out of the frigate " Merrimack." He com. her in the attack on the U. S. fleet in Hampton Roads, and was so severely wounded as to be obliged to relinquish his com.- He was in com. when Gen. Wool occupied Norfolk, and blew up his ship to save her from capture. Made a rear- adm., he com. the iron-clad "Tennessee" in Mobile Bay, Aug. 1864, where he was defeated by Adm. Farragut, and taken prisoner. " Buchanan, ISAAC, member of the Cana dian parliament, and pres. of the board of trade of Hamilton, b. Glasgow, N.B., 1810. He was liberally educated ; became a leading merchant and politician ; was active in sup pressing the rebellion in 1837; was elected to parliament from Toronto in 1841, and has been many years a member, and at one time pres., ol the exec, council of Quebec. Author of " Tho Relations of the Industry of Canada with tho Mother-Country and the U. S." Buchanan, JAMES, British consul at N.Y.; IBTJC 137 BUG d. at Elmwood, near Montreal, Oct. 1851, a. 80. While a resident of N. Y., he wrote and pub. " Sketches of the History, Manners, and Cus toms of the N. Amer. Indians," 2 vols., 12mo, 1824, repub. in Lond. the same year, a work of merit. N. E. H. and Geneal. Reg., vi., 101. Buchanan, JAMES, 15th Pres. of the U. S., b. Franklin Co., Pa., 23 Apr. 1791 ; d. Wheatland, near Lancaster, Pa., 1 June, 1868. Dick. Coll. 1809. His father came from Ire land in 1783 : his mother, Elizabeth Spear, was the dau. of a farmer. Adm. to the bar in 1812, he practised at Lancaster with such success, that, at the age of 40, he retired with a compe tency. Beginning as a Federalist, he was an M, C. in 1821-31, and supported Jackson for the Presidency in 1828 ; minister to Russia in 1832-4; U. S. senator, 1834-45; sec. of State, under Pres. Polk, in 1845-9, opposing the Wilmot Proviso and the antislavery move ment ; and U. S. minister to Eng. in 1853-6. In 1856, he was the Democ. candidate for Pres., and was elected," receiving 174 electoral votes to 129 for Fremont (Republican), and Fill- more (American). In Congress, he favored a tariff merely for revenue, and, as chairman of the judiciary committee of the house, conducted with ability the prosecution of Judge Peck of Me. in 1829-30. As minister to Russia, he concluded a commercial treaty, securing to us important privileges in the Baltic and Black Seas. In the senate, where he was regarded as a leader of the Democracy, he urged Congress to declare that it had no power to legislate on the subject of slavery, and advocated the an nexation of Texas. As one of the 3 members of the Ostend Conference in 1854, he declared, that, if Cuba could not be purchased, we should be justified in wresting it from Spain. His cab inet was composed principally of disunionists and their friends. In the first year of his ad ministration, great excitement was produced by an attempt to establish slavery in Kansas. In his message, Dec. 1857, he urged that Kansas be adm. with the Lecompton Constitution, which the proslavery party, aided by executive influence, had framed. In his last message, Dec. 1860, Buchanan cast on the Northern peo ple the blame for the disruption of the Union, then imminent, and declared that the Constitu tion did not delegate to Congress or to the Ex ecutive power to coerce or to prevent the seces sion of a State. Dec. 12, 1860, Cass resigned the State secretaryship, because the Pres. de clined to re-enforce Fort Sumter. Most of the slave States seceded in the winter of 1860-61 ; and nearly all the forts, arsenals, and custom houses within their limits, were seized by the insurgents, the movements of the disunionists to found and fortify a Southern confederacy be ing facilitated by the outgoing administration. He withdrew to private life Mar. 3, 1861. Au thor of "Mr. Buchanan s Administration," 1866. Buchanan, ROBERT CHRISTIE, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. Md. West Point, 1830. Lieut, of inf., 1830; adj. 1835-8; served in Serainole war, 1836-7; capt. 1 Nov. 1838; brev. maj. for gallant and disting. service in battles of R. de la Palma and Palo Alto," Aug. 1846 ; lieut.-col. com. batt. Md. vols. in Mex. war, Sept. 1846, to May, 1847 ; acting maj. and dia ling, in battle of Churubusco ; brev. lieut.-col for El Molinodel Rey, July, 1848 ; acting insp.- gen. to Gen. Butler in 1848; maj. 4th Inf., Feb. 3, 1855 ; com. and disting. in several con flicts with Indians near Rogue River, Oregon, in 1856; lieut.-col. Sept. 9, 1861 ; col. 1st Inf., Feb. 8, 1864 ; brig.-gen. U.S. vols., 29 Nov. 1862 ; was in the battles and sieges of the peninsular camp.; battles of Manassas, Antie- tam, and Fredericksburg ; brev. brig.-gen. U. S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for Malvern Hill; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., for Manassas and Fredericks- burg. Cullum. Buckingham, JAMES SILK, traveller and author, b. Eng., 1784; d. London, June 30, 1855. He made tours in various parts of Eu rope and N. America, the published accounts of which make many vols. ; 9 of them are upon Amer. He visited the U.S., and lectured on temperance and slavery in most of the cities fcf the Union. M. P. 1832-7. Buckingham, JOSEPH TINKER, editor, b. Windham, Ct., Dec. 21, 1779; d. Cam bridge, Ms., Apr. 11, 1861. His father, Nehe- miah Tinker, a Revol. soldier, d. in 1783, leav ing his family destitute. Joseph worked on a farm; entered a printing-office at 16 ; came to Boston in Feb. 1800, and in 1804 had his name changed by act of the legisl. He began to pub. the Polyanthos in 1805, the Ordeal, a weekly of 16 pages, 8vo, in Jan. 1809, the N.E. Gal axy, in conjunction with S. L. Knapp, in Oct. 1817, and in Mar. 1824, the Boston Courier, as the special and avowed advocate of the Amer. system. He retired from the Courier in June, 1848. From 1831 to 1834, in connection with his son, he pub. the N. E. Magazine. He was several times elected to the legisl., and was a member of the State senate in 1847-8, and 1850-1. He is the author of " Specimens of Newspaper Literature," &c., 2 vols., 1850 ; " Personal Memoirs and Recollections," 2 vols., 1852; "Annals of the Ms. Char. Mechanics Assoc.," 1853. He was pres. of the Ms. Char itable Assoc., of the Bunker Hill Monument Assoc., and of the Middlesex Agric. Society. Buckingham, WILLIAM ALFRED, LL.D. (Y.C. 1866), gov. of Ct., 1858-66, b. Lebanon, Ct., May 28, 1804. His ancestor was Rev. Thos. of Saybrook. He engaged in business in Norwich, in 1825, and became a successful merchant and carpet manuf. His patriotism and efficiency during the Rebellion were of great service to the national cause. U.S. sen ator since 1 869. He gave $25,000 to the Theol. School of Y.C. See H. B. Stowe s Men of our Time; d. Norwich, Ct., Feb. 4, 1875. Buckminster, JOSEPH, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1803), minister of Portsmouth, N.H., b. Rut land, Ms., Oct. 14, 1751; d. June 10, 1812. Y.C. 1770, where he was a tutor from 1774 to 1778. Thos. his ancestor came early to Boston, and d. Brookline, 1656. He became attached, while at New Haven, to a lady of reputation anc* celebrity, whose history is the basis of Miss Foster s story, " The Coquette." Ord. in Jan. 1779, pastor of the North Church ; but after a ministry of 33 years, his health becoming greatly impaired, he left home June 2, 1812, accompanied by his wife arid two friends, but BTJC 138 BUE JL a few days after. He pub. some sermons, and a short sketch of Dr. Mackintosh, Eliza B. Lee, his dau., pub. " Memoirs of the Rev. Joseph Buckminster, D.D.," 1851. Sprague. Buckminster, JOSEPH STEVENS, a cele brated preacher and scholar, b. Portsmouth, N.H., May 26, 1784; d. June 9, 1812. H.U. 1800. Son of Rev. Joseph. He devoted him self for 4 years to theology and general litera ture. Ai/assist. in Exeter Acad. after leaving coll., he was one of the teachers of Daniel Webster. In Oct. 1804, he preached in Bos ton for the first time, and accepted, in 1805, an invitation from the Brattle-st. society there. A voyage to Europe was rendered necessary for the restoration of his health ; and in 1806-7 he travelled extensively in Eng. and on the Continent. He was an active member of the Anthology Club, famous for the many gifted men which it included, and for having origi nated one of the first purely literary periodicals of this country. In 1809, he delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of H. U. an ad dress on " The Dangers and Duties of Men of Letters." He maintained by his sermons the highest rank among popular preachers, and was a contrib. to the periodicals of the day. The Greek Testament of Griesbach was edited by him in 1808. In 1811, he was app. the first lecturer on biblical criticism at H. U. ; and, while busily preparing for the execution of this office, a violent fit of epilepsy at once de stroyed his intellect, and gave a shock to his frame, which he survived but a few days. In 1808, he pub. a collection of hymns for the use of his society. A vol. of his sermons was pub., with a memoir of his life and character, by S. C. Thatcher in 1814. He was a member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, and of the Ms. Hist. Society. Buckminster, COL. WILLIAM, Revol. officer, b. Framingham, Dec. 15, 1736 ; d. June 22, 1786. He removed toBarre in 1757 ; com. the minute-men in 1774; was lieut.-col. of Brewer s vegt. at Bunker s Hill, and received there a wound which crippled him for life. Buckner, SIMON BOLIVAR, gen. C.S.A., b. Ky., ab. 1824. West Point, 1844. En tering the 2d Inf., he was from Aug. 1845, to May, 1846, assist, prof, of ethics at West Point ; brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Contre- ras and Churubusco, where he was wounded ; capt. for gallantry at Molino del Rey ; assist, instructor inf. tactics at West Point, Aug. 1848, and resigned Mar. 25, 1855. He then prac tised law, and became the most prominent of the Knights of the Golden Circle in Ky. Af ter the civil war broke out, he was made com. of the State guard of Ky., and adj.-gen. of the State. Sept. 12, 1861, he issued from Russelville an address to the people of Ky., calling on them to take up arms against the usurpation of Abraham Lincoln ; after which he removed to Bowling Green. After the cap ture of Fort Henry, he evacuated Bowling Green. Com. a brigade at Fort Donelson, in the battles of Feb. 13, 14, and 15, and, after the escape of Pillow and Floyd, surrendered the fort, Feb. 16, to Gen. Grant, with 16,000 pris oners and vast stores. He was imprisoned at Fort Warren, Boston, until exchanged in Aug. 1862. He subsequently com. the Isi division of Gen. Hardee s corps in Bragg s army in Tenn. Later he was made a maj.-gen., assigned to the 3d grand div., and was in the battles of Murfreesborough and Chickamauga, and surrendered with Kirby Smith s army to Gen. Canby, at N. Orleans, May 26, 1865. Buell, ABEL, an ingenious mechanic, b. Killingworth, Ct., ab. 1750 ; d. N. Haven, Ct., ab. 1825. In his youth, he was apprenticed to a gold and silver smith, and at the age of 20 was detected and punished for an ingenious alteration of a colony note. His next exploit was the construction of a lapidary machine, be lieved to be the first used in this country. Re moving to N. Haven ab. 1770, he was employed by Bernard Romans, who was constructing his map of N. Amer., to survey the coast of Pen- sacola, and afterwards to engrave the map, which was pub. during the Revol. He next established a type-foundry, and, for his various services to the public, was restored by the legisl. to his civil rights. After the war, he was em ployed by the State in coining coppers ; for which he made all the apparatus. He then vis ited Eng., where he gained some knowledge of the machinery used in the manuf. of cloth, and, on his return, erected a cotton-factory in N. Haven, one of the first in the country. Buell, DON CARLOS, maj.-gen. vols., b. near Marietta, O., Mar. 23, 1818. West Point, 1841. Entering the 3d Inf., he became 1st lieut. June, 1848, and won the brevets of captain at Monterey, and major at Contreras and Churu busco, where he was severely wounded. Lieut.- col. May 11, 1861; brig.-gen. vols. May 17, 1861. In Nov., he superseded Gen. W. T. Sher man in the dept. of the Cumberland, which was re-organized as that of the Ohio. Maj.-gen. of vols. March 21, 1862, and on the same day his dist. was incorporated with that of the Mpi., Gen. Halleck. He arrived with a part of a di vision on the battle-field of Shiloh, near the close of the first day s action, Apr. 6, in time to succor the hard-pressed army of Gen. Grant ; 3 of his divisions arriving the next day, the Confederates were driven to their intrench- ments at Corinth. June 12, he took com. of the dist. of Ohio. In July and Aug., Bragg s army advanced into Ky., capturing a number of Buell s posts, compelling the abandonment of Lexington and Frankfort, and the remov al of the State archives to Louisville, which city was threatened, as well as Cincinnati. At mid night of Sept. 24, Buell s retreating army en tered Louisville amid great excitement, as it was feared that Bragg would reach there first. Sept. 30, by order from Washington, Buell turned over his com. to Gen. Thomas, but was restored the same day, and, Oct. 1, began to pursue the Confederates. On the 8th, a severe but indecisive battle was fought with them at Perryville by a portion of Buell s army. On the 24th, he was ordered to transfer his com. to Gen. Rosecrans. A court of inquiry to inves tigate his operations made a report, which has never been pub. Resigned 1 June, 1864. Pres. Green River, Ky., Iron Works, since 1865. Buel, JESSE, agriculturist, b. Coventry, Ct., Jan. 4, 1778; d. Danbury, Oct. 6, 1839. Originally a printer, he removed to Albany in 139 BTJX, 1813, and established the Argus, which he edit ed until 1821, when he devoted himself to ag- ricul. pursuits in that vicinity with great suc cess. He was often a member of the State assembly ; at one time a magistrate ; was Whig candidate for gov. in 1836, and, at the time of his death, was a regent of the U. In 1834, he established the Cultivator, which has probably exerted a greater influence among agricultu rists, and been the means of effecting more im provement in husbandry, than any other simi lar journal in the U. S. He delivered numer ous addresses, pub. the "Farmer s Instructor," in 10 vols., and the "Farmer s Companion," 1839. Member of many Amer. and foreign horticultural and agricultural societies. Buffum, EDWARD GOULD, journalist and author, b. R. I. ; d. Paris, France, Dec. 24, 1867. Son of Arnold Buffum, the well-known philanthropist. In early life, he became a writer for the New -York Herald, but in 1846 joined Col. Stevenson s N. Y. regt., and accomp. it to Cal. as a lieut. Being there at the time of the discovery of gold, he was actively engaged in explorations of the State, and subsequently pub. an interesting and valuable work, the first of its kind, on the gold-mines of Cal. He was a long time editor in chief of the Alta Califor nium ; and in the State legisl., of which he was a member from San Francisco, displayed great ability as a debater. He wrote a history of Col. Stevenson s regt., graphically describing life in Cal. in its early days. At the time of his death, he had for 8 years been the Paris corresp. of the N. Y. Herald. He possessed extensive ac quirements, and was a frequent contrib. to the leading magazines of Europe and America. Buford, COL. ABRAHAM, Revol. officer of Va.; d. Scott Co., Ky., June 29, 1833. Made col. of Morgan s llth Va. regt., May 16, 1778. May 29, 1780, his com. was surprised and mas sacred by Col. Tarleton at Waxhaw Creek. Buford, JOHN, maj.-gen. U. S. vols., b. Ky., 1825; d. Washington, D. C., Dec. 16, 1863. West Point, 1848. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he became capt. Mar. 9, 1859; served in the Utah exped. ; became insp.-gen., rank of major, Nov. 12, 1861 ; was attached to the staff of Gen. Pope in the Army of Va., June 26, 1862 ; brig.-gen. July 27, 1862 ; com. a brigade of cavalry under Gen. Hooker, and early in Aug. 1862, was so severely wounded near the Eappahannock River, that he was re ported dead. He served on McClellan s staff at the battle of Antietam. Assigned to the com. of the reserve cavalry brigade, he was con spicuous in many engagements, and began the attack at Gettysburg before the arrival of Rey nolds. He was Gen. Burnside s chief of caval ry, and was one of the best officers in that branch of the service. He had been assigned to the com. of the Army of the Cumberland just before his death. Gen. N. B. Buford was his half-bro. Buford, NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, brev. maj.-gen. vols., half-bro. of Gen John, b. Wood- ford Co., Ky., Jan. 13, 1807. West Point, 1827. Entering the 3d Art., he was employed in various surveys ; obtained leave in 1831 to enter the Law School of H.U. In 1833, he was assist, prof, cf nat. philos. at West Point. Resigning in 1835, he was engaged in the pub lic improvements of Ky. until 1842. In 1843, he removed to Rock Island, 111., where he was a merchant, an ironfounder, and banker. Col. 27th 111. Vols., Aug. 1861, he com. the troops that accomp. the gunboat flotilla to Colum bus and Island No. Ten ; captured Union City, March 30, 1862, and became brig.-gen. vols., April 15, 1862 ; in the battle of Corinth, Oct. 3-4, 1862, and siege of Vicksburg, Feb. 1863; brev. maj.-gen. vols., 13 Mar. 1865; special U.S. com. Indian affairs in 1867. Bulflnch, CHARLES, architect, b. Aug. 8, 1763 ; d. Boston, April 15, 1844. H.U. 1781. Son of Dr. Thos. He acquired by travel in Europe a cultivated taste, and a knowledge of architectural science. The primitive condi tion of this country had occasioned a total neg lect of art ; and, on his return from Europe in 1786, he devoted himself to architecture as a profession. He drew the plan for the State House and City Hall in Boston, and for the Capitol at Washington. He was a member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, and of the Mass. Hortic. Society. Bulflnchi, STEPHEN GREENLEAF, D.D., clergyman and author, b. Boston, June 18, 1809; d. Cambridge, Oct. 12,1870. Col. Coll. D.C. 1826. At the age of 9, he was taken by his father, Charles, architect of the Capitol, to Washington. After studying at the Camb. Div. School, he was from 1830 to 1837 a Uni tarian clergyman at Augusta, Ga. He next kept school, and preached at Pittsburg, Pa., and was similarly engaged at Washington, D.C., for 6 years. In 1845, he was settled at Nashua, N.H., and in 1852 removed to Boston. He pub., " Contemplations of the Saviour," 1832 ; a vol of poems, Charleston, S.C., 1834 ; " The Holy Land," 1834 ; " Lays of the Gos pel," 1835; a devotional vol., "Communion Thoughts," 1852 ; " The Harp and the Cross," 1857, with several sermons, and contributions to the magazines. He was a contrib. to the coll. of Unitarian hymns in use by that de nomination. Diiyckinck. Bulflnch, THOMAS, author, b. Boston, July 15, 1796 ; d. there May 27, 1867. H.U. 1814. He was in mercantile business until 1837 ; and during the rest of his life was a clerk in the Boston Merchant s Bank. He pub. in 1855 "The Age of Fable; " "Age of Chivalry," 1858; " Legends of Charlemagne," "Poetry of the Age of Fable," " Oregon and Eldorado, or Romance of the Rivers," "Hebrew Lyrical History," 1853, and " The Boy Inventor," 1860. Bulkley, PETER, first minister of Con cord, Ms., b. Odell, Bedfordshire, Eng., Jan. 31, 1583 ; d. Concord, Mar. 9, 1659. He was educated at Cambridge U., and succeeded to the living of his father, Dr. Edward, retaining it 21 years. Removed by Laud for nonconform ity, he came to Cambridge in 1635, and in 1636, with a few companions, founded Con cord, Ms., where he afterward resided. Author of some Latin poems contained in Cotton Mather s " History of N.E.," and also of the "Gospel Covenant Opened," London, 1646; and an elegy on Rev. Thos. Hooker. He was as remarkable for benevolence and kind BU3L, 140 dealing, as for strict virtue. EDWARD his son succeeded him in the pastoral charge at Con cord. Bull, HENRY, one of the original purchasers and settlers of Aquidneck, now R.I., b. South Wales, in 1609; d. 1694. After a short resi dence in Ms., whither he had emigrated, he joined himself with 17 others, who purchased land and settled at Newport in 1638. He was gov. of the new colony in 1685, and again in 1689. Bull, OLE BORNEMANN, Norwegian violin ist, b. Bergen, 1810. He studied under Spohr ; went to Paris, where he was so destitute as to be on the point of committing suicide, when he was relieved by a lady of rank. Brilliantly successful in the European capitals, he came in 1845 to America. He bought 120,000 acres of land in Pa., where he founded a Norwegian colony, to which he gave the name of Oleona. Bull, WILLIAM, M.D., physician, b. 1714 ; d. London, July 4, 1791. Son of Wm. Bull, lieut.-gov. of S. C. (1738-43), several years speaker of the assembly, son of Stephen Bull, one of the early settlers of Carolina, and sur veyor-gen., who d. in March, 1755, a. 72. A pupil of Boerhaave, he, in 1735, defended a the sis before the U. of Leyden, and was quoted by his-fellow student, Van Swieten, as the learned Dr. Bull. After his return to America, he was in 1751 a member of the council; in 1763 speaker of the house of representatives, and in 1764 lieut.-gov. of S.C., which office, with that of com. -in-chief, he held many years. Faithful to the crown in 1776, when the British troops left S.C. in 1782, he accomp. them to Eng. Bullard, HENRY ADAMS, jurist, b. Groton, Ms., Sept. 9, 1788; d. New Orleans, Apr. 17, 1851. H.U. 1807. The son of a minister of Pepperell. He practised law, and became connected in Phila. with Gen. Toledo, who was organizing an exped. to revolutionize New Mexico. Joining him as aide and military sec., they were defeated in the spring of 1812, at San Antonio, and, after suffering severe hard ships, he reached Natchitoches, and opened a law-office there. He was raised to the bench of the Dist. Court in 1822, was M.C. in 1831- 4; judge of the Supreme Court of La., from 1834 to 1846, with the exception of a few months in 1839, when he acted as sec. of State. Removing to New Orleans, he was in 1847 app. prof, of civil law in the law school of La., and delivered two courses of lectures. In 1850, he was chosen to the legisl., and was M.C. in 1850-1. His most elaborate speech was on the tariff-bill, in 1832. Bullions, PETER, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1837), clergyman and educator, b. Moss Side, near Perth, Scotland, Dec. 1791 ; d. Troy, N.Y., Feb. 13, 1864. In his youth, he worked on his father s farm, and attended school ; spent three years at the U. of Edinburgh ; studied theology four years, sustaining himself by teaching during vacations ; was licensed to preach by the pres bytery of Edinburgh, in June, 1817, and then married, and came to the U.S. In March, 1818, he was ord. pastor at Argyle, N.Y., and, from Nov. 1824 until 1848, was prof, of lan guages at the Albany Acad From 1832 to 1852, he preached at Troy. He then visited Europe, and, after his return, resumed his pas torate over the United Presbyterians. He was an able preacher and instructor, and prepared a very complete series of classical text-books, which are extensively used ; among them are, " Practical Lessons in English Grammar and Composition;" " Principles of English Gram mar," 1834 ; " Introduction to Analytical Eng lish Grammar ; " " Analytical and Practical English Grammar," 1850; "Progressive Ex ercises in Analysis and Parsing ; " " Latin Grammar," "Latin Reader," and "Exercises ; " " Cassar," " Sallust," and " Cicero," with notes; " Latin-English Dictionary, with Syno- nymes ; " " First Lessons in Greek," " Gram mar," and " Reader ; " " Memoir of Rev. Alex. Bullions." Bullitt, ALEXANDER SCOTT, statesman of Ky., b. Prince William Co., Va., 1761 ; d. Jefferson Co., Ky., April 13, 1816. Nephew of Capt. Thomas, an early explorer of Ky., and dep. adj.-gen. in Va. in 1776 ; founder of Louisville, Ky. ; served under Washington on the frontier, and was at Brad dock s defeat. His father, Cuthbert, was judge of the Supreme Court of Va. at his death in 1790. The son em igrated toKy. in 1784; m. the dau. of Col. Wm. Christian in 1785 ; was a delegate to the Const. Conv. of 1792 ; pres. of the Ky. senate until 1799, when he was pres. of the convention to amend the State Constitution ; lieut.-gov. in 1800-4 ; again in the legisl. until 1808. Col lins. Bullock, ALEX. HAMILTON, LL.D. (H. U. 1866), gov. of Ms. 1866-9, b. Royals ton, Ms., March 2, 1816. Amh. Coll. 1836. Adm. to the bar, 1841 ; member Ms. legisl. 1845, 7, 8, 61-2; mayor of Worcester, 1859; State sen ator, 1849 ; com. of insolvency, 1853 ; judge of insolv. 1856-8. He has pub. several addresses and speeches. Bullock, ARCHIBALD, Revol. patriot of Ga., b. Charleston, S.C.; d. Feb. 1777. He was a delegate from Ga. to the Congress at Phila. in 1775, and June 20, 1776, Avas chosen pres. of the Exec. Council of Ga., the first posi tion in the State, which post he filled until the formation of the State Constitution, Feb. 5, 1777. His son WILLIAM B., lawyer, mayor of Savannah in 1809, and U.S. senator in 1813, d. Sav. 6 Mar. 1852, a. 76. Bullock, WILLIAM, pub. " Virginia Impar tially Examined," Lond., 1649. Bumstead, FREEMAN JOSIAH, M.D. (1851), physician and author, b. Boston, Apr. 21, 1826. Wms. Coll. 1847. He studied at Paris in 1852, and then settled in practice in New- York City. He was some years surgeon to St. Luke s Hospital, and is now (1870) sur geon to the Eye and Ear Infirmary, and to the Charity Hospital, Blackwell s Island. During the session of 1866-7, he was lecturer on ma- teria medica at the Coll. of Physicians and Sur geons, N.Y., and is now prof, of venereal dis eases there. He pub. a translation of Ricord s Notes to Hunter on Venereal, 1854 ; "Pa thology and Treatment of Venereal Diseases," 1861, and a translation of Cullerier s Icono- graphic des Maladies Yen., 1867. Bunch, SAMUEL, col., b. 1786; d. Granger 141 BUR, Co., Tenn., Sept. 5, 1849. He com. a regt. of Tenn. mounted gunmen, in 1813, under Jack son, and was disting. in the attack on the Creek Indians at Hillibeetown, Nov. 18, 1813; M.C. 1833-7. Buncombe, COL. RICHARD, Revol. offi cer, b. St. Kitts, W.I. ; d. Phila., 1777, from wounds at the battle of Brandvwine. Edu cated in Eng., he inherited a large estate; re moved in 1776 to Tyrrell Co., N.C. ; was an active patriot, and raised and com. the 5th N. C. regt. A county of N. C. perpetuates his name. Burbank, SIDNEY, brev. brig.-gen. U.S. A., son of Lieut.-Col. Sullivan, b. Ms. West Point, 1829. Entering the 1st Inf., he served in the Black Hawk and Seminole Indian wars ; capt. 8 Nov. 1839; maj. 2d Inf., 8 Dec. 1855; lieut.-col. 13th Inf., 14 May, 1861 ; col. 2d Inf., 16 Sept. 1862; com. brigade of regulars in the Rappahannock campaign, and in battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, for which he was brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Cullum. Burbeck, GEN. HENRY, Revol. officer, b. Boston, June 8, 1754; d. New London, Oct. 2, 1848. His father was an officer at Castle Wil liam. In 1776, he was made a lieut.; capt. of art. Sept. 12, 1777, and continued in active service until the close of the war, when he received the brev. of major. He participated in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, as well as in the terrible privations and sufferings of Valley Forge ; shared the perils of the memorable retreat through N. J., and was present at the battle of Monmouth. In 1786, he again entered the service with the rank of capt, and was actively engaged for several years in the Indian war on our western border, under Gen. Wayne. Maj. com. art. Nov. 4, 1791; lieut.- col. May 7, 1798; col. art. Apr. 1, 1802; and brev. brig.-gen. Sept. 10, 1813; retired 1815. Geneal. Reg. iii., 101. Burden, HENRY, inventor, b. Dumblane, Scotland, 20 Apr. 1 791 ; d. Troy, N.Y., 19 Jan. 1871. ^ Brought up on his father s farm, his inventive faculty was first tested on a threshing- machine. After a thorough course of scientific study at Edinburgh, he came, in 1819, to the U. S.; made an improved plough; in 1820 in vented the first cultivator used in America; patented a machine for making wrought-iron spikes in 1825, and in 1835 a machine for making horse-shoes. In 1843, he patented his hook-headed spike, now used upon every rail road. In 1822, he became agent of the Troy Iron and Nail Factory. These works he greatly enlarged, and was finally sole propri etor. He was much interested in ocean navi gation. Burges, TRISTAM, LL.D., orator and ju rist, b. Rochester, Ms., Feb. 26, 1770; d. Prov idence, R.I., Oct. 13, 1853. B. U. 1796. Like his father, he was both a farmer and a cooper, and, though his early education was limited, he sought knowledge with avidity. He taught school in Providence; was in 1799 admitted to the R.I. bar ; rose to the head of the profession, and became a leader of the Federal party ; in 1811 entered the State legisl.; became chief-jus tice of :he Supreme Court of R.I. in 1815, and was soon after app. prof, of oratory and belles lettres in B. U., retiring in 1825. M. C. 1825- 35. His ^peeches, and his famous passage- at-arms with John Randolph, showed that he was able to contend successfully with the ablest debaters in Congress. His style was ornate and peculiar, rich in classical and scriptural illus tration. He was an acute logician, and un equalled in sarcasm. A Memoir, with selections from his speeches and occasional writings, by Henry L. Bowen, was pub. in 1835, and an other in 1869. He pub. " Battle of Lake Erie, with Notices of Com. Elliot s Conduct," 1839 Burgess, EBENEZER, D.D., Cong, clergy man, b. Wareham, Ms., 1 Apr. 1790; d. Ded- ham, Ms., 5 Dec., 1870. B.U. 1809. He was tutor at B.U., and afterwards a prof, in Vt. U. One of the founders of the colony of Liberia in 1817. Studied theology at Anclover and Prince ton, and was ord. pastor at Dedham in Mar. 1 821 . Author of " The Dedham Pulpit," 1 846, and "The Burgess Genealogy," 1865. Burgess, GEORGE, D.D., Prot.-Ep. bishop of Me., b. Providence, R. I., Oct. 31, 1809; d. on the passage home from the West Indies, Apr. 23, 1866. B. U. 1826. Son of Judge Thomas Burgess. He was a tutor in B. U., afterwards travelled in Europe, and studied two years in the Universities of Gottingen, Bonn, and Berlin. He was rector of Christ Church, Hartford, from 1834 to 1847, when he was consec. bishop of Maine (Oct. 31), and became at the same time rector of Christ Church, Gar diner. His death was very sudden. He had been establishing an Episcopal mission in Hayti, and was on his way from Migroam to Port Au Prince, when he was seized "with pa ralysis, and died instantly. He pub. two aca demic poems, a metrical version of some of the Psalms, 1840, "Pages from the Ecclesiastical History of New England," a curious treatise on death, entitled " The Last Enemy, Con quering and Conquered," 1851, a vol. of " Ser mons on the Christian Life," and a discourse in 1854 before the Me. Hist. Society. His style is remarkable for its vigor. In the house of bishops, he occupied a prominent position as the leader of the moderate church party. See Memoir, by his bro., Rev. Alex. Burgess. Burgoyne, JOHN, gen. and dramatist, b. .Feb. 5, 1723; d. Lond., 4 Aug. 1792. Son of John and grandson of Sir John Burgoyne, he was liberally educated ; entered the army, and m. clandestinely a dau. of the Earl of Derby, who subsequently helped him to rise in his profession. Brig.-gen. of the force sent for the defence of Portugal in 1762, and at Alcantara and at Villa Franca manifested skill and en terprise. May 25, 1775, he arrived at Boston, and, June 25, wrote a graphic account of the battle of Bunker s Hill to Lord Stanley, which was pub. in the newspapers of the day. Gen. Lee, his old comrade in Portugal, having opened a corresp. with him, vindicating the Americans, Burgoyne replied, and proposed an interview, which, however, did not take place. He returned home 11 Dec. 1776, concerted with the ministry a plan for the campaign of 1777, and was made a lieut.-gen. A large force was to proceed toward Albany from Canada by way of the Lakes ; while another large body BUR 142 BUR advanced up the Hudson in order to cut off communication between the northern and southern Colonies, in the expectation, that each being left to itself would be subdued with little trouble. Arriving in Canada early in 1777, he issued a proclamation in June, inviting the Indians to his standard, and captured Ticon- deroga, with all its artillery and stores, July 6 ; but the natural difficulties of the country, the inclemency of the weather, and the scarcity of provisions, retarded his advance, and enabled the Americans, under Gen. Gates, to concen trate a superior force in his front. A battle was fought at Stillwater, 19 Sept., and another at Freeman s Farm, 7 Oct.; and 16 Oct. 1777, he was compelled to capitulate at Saratoga with his whole army. Returning to Eng. in May, 1778, he in vain solicited a court-martial, but ably vindicated himself in parliament, and, joining the opposition, was in 1779 dis missed the service. On the change of ministry in 1782, he was restored to his rank, and app. com.-in-chief in Ireland. In 1780, he pub. a narrative of his exped. and the proceedings at his trial before a committee of parliament. As a dramatist, he is best known by his comedy of " The Heiress," and " The Lord of the Manor," a comic opera. His plays and poems were coll. and pub. in two vols., 1808. Burgoyne s " Orderly Book," edited by E. B. O Callaghan, was piib. by Munsell, Albany, 1860. Burke, ^EDANUS, jurist, b. Galway, Ire land, 1743; d. Charleston, S.C., Mar. 30, 1802. Educated at St. Omer s for a priest, he visited the West Indies, came thence to S. C., and was a vol. in the struggle for independence. A lawyer by profession, he was in 1778 app. a judge of the State Supreme Court; served again in the army in 1780-82 ; resumed his seat on the bench; M.C. 1789-91 ; was many years in the State legisl., and a short time before his death became chancellor of S.C. He zealously opposed the establishment of the Society of the Cincinnati ; against the aristocratic features of which he wrote a famous pamphlet, subse quently translated by Mirabeau, and used by him with great effect during the French Revol. He opposed the Federal Constitution, fearing consolidated power. Judge Burke was emi nent for wit and eccentricity. Burke, EDMUND, statesman and orator, b. Dublin, 1 Jan. 1730; d. 9 July, 1797. The son of a prominent Dublin attorney. He grad. at Trinity Coll. 1748; studied law; pub. in 1756 his "Vindication of Natural Society," and the essay on " The Sublime and Beauti ful ; " in 1757, "An Account of the European Settlements in America," and, in 1758-9, es tablished with Dodsley The Annual Register. In 176 1-5, he was the friend and adviser of Wm. Gerard Hamilton, sec. to the lord-lieut. of Ire land, and in 1765-6 was sec. to the prime-min ister, Rockingham, and entered parliament 14 Jan. 1766. He took an active part in the dis cussion of American questions, and proved himself an able and eloquent speaker. His thorough acquaintance with American affairs was rewarded, in Nov. 1771, by the app. of agent for the Colony of N.Y. April 19, 1774, he made a speech on American taxation, con sidered by many as the greatest effort of ora tory ever heard in the House of Commons. His speech of Mar. 22, 1775, recommending conciliatory measures towards the Colonies, also excited general admiration. Returned from Bristol in 1774, he lost popularity in that city in 1780, by advocating the claims of the Roman Catholics, and opposing the policy of repressing the trade of Ireland, and was after ward the representative of Malton. During Rockingham s brief administration in 1782, Burke was a privy councillor and paymaster of the forces, a place he also held under the "Coalition" ministry in 1783. He took a prominent part in the affairs of India, and, in Jan. 1786, began the prosecution of Warren Hastings. His speech on the opening of Hast- ings s trial, 10 Feb. 1788, was worthy of the oc casion and of his great reputation. Though the impeachment of Hastings was not carried, the herculean labors of Burke in behalf of India were not fruitless. In Nov. 1790, he pub. his great work in opposition to the French Revolution, entitled " Reflections on the Rev olution in France." May 6, 1791, an open rupture took place between Burke and Fox, who accused him of abandoning the principles of his party. Burke vindicated himself in his "Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs." In 1796, he wrote his " Letter to a Noble Lord," one of the most successful and popular of all the productions of his pen. As a statesman, a thinker, or an orator, he was without an equal. See Lives of BnrJce, by Prior, Bissef, McCormicJc, Croly, and P. Burke. Burke, EDMUND, lawyer, b. Westminster, Vt., Jan. 23, 1809 ; admitted to the bar in 1829; removed to N. H. in 1833, and estab lished, and for many years edited, in Sullivan Co., the N. H. Argus. M.C. 1839-45 ; U. S. comr. of patents, 1845-50. He pub. a pam phlet, " The Protective System Considered," 1846. Burke, JOHN DALY, historian, b. Ireland ; killed in a duel with Felix Coquebert in conse quence of a political dispute, April 11, 1808. Trin. Coll., Dublin. He emigrated to Ameri ca in 1796, conducted a daily paper for a short time at Boston (1796-7), and afterwards at N.Y., where he was arrested under the sedition law. He afterwards removed to Petersburg, Va., where he practised law, and wrote his history. He was made the master of ceremonies at the Boston Theatre; pub. " Bunker s Hill," a tra gedy ; " Bethlem Gabor," an historical drama, 1803; an oration delivered March 4, 1808; " History of the Late War in Ireland," Phila., 8vo, 1799 ; and a history of Virginia from its first settlement to 1804, in 3 vols., of which an additional vol. was pub. in 1816, the joint pro duction of Messrs. Jones and Girardin. A Memoir of Burke, by C. Campbell, was pub. 1868. Burke, THOMAS, Revol. patriot, and gov. of N.C., b. Ireland, ab. 1747 ; d. Hillsborough, Dec. 2, 1783. Son of Ulick Burke of Gal- way. He left Ireland ab. 1764, and resided some years in Accomac Co., Va., engaged in the study and practice of medicine. He next stu died law, and removed to Norfolk, and in 1774 to Hillsborough, N.C. Of a bold and impetu ous temper, a ready writer and speaker, he BTJH 143 BUR became one of the leading spirits in the Revol. contest. His writings in opposition to the Stamp Act drew him into notice ; and he had a large share in the formation of the constitution of N.C. Member of the Prov. Congress at Halifax in 1776, and a volunteer at the battle of Brandywine. He was an efficient and active member of Congress from Dec. 1776, until his election as gov. in the early part of 1781. In Sept. of that year, he was surprised and seized by the Tories,and retained at James Island,S.C., as a prisoner on parole. Obnoxious to the To ries from his previous course, he was in daily apprehension of assassination, to escape which, after having endeavored unsuccessfully to obtain an exchange, or a parole to some other State, he effected his escape in the night of Jan. 16, 1782, after an imprisonment of 4 months. Regularly exchanged soon after, he was at lib erty to return home, and resumed hisgovt.; but, at the next ensuing session of the legisl., he voluntarily retired from public life. Burke, CAPT. WILLIAM, of Boston, app., in Nov. 1775, to com. one of the first 4 vessels of the American navy ; d. Western Ms., May 24, 1787, a. 40. Burleigh, WILLIAM HENRY, poet, b. Woodstock, Ct., Feb. 2, 1812; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 18 Mar. 1871. Rinaldo, his father, a popular and successful teacher ( Y. Coll. 1803), died Plainfield, Ct., 10 Feb. 1863, a. 89. Bred on a farm, at 16 he became apprentice to a clothier, then to a village printer, afterwards labored in various places as a journeyman printer, and finally as editor. He had charge of the Literary Journal at Schenectadv, the Christian Witness at Pittsburg, the Charter Oak at Hartford, and the Washington Banner, in which papers, and in others, he produced many short poems, a coll. of which was pub. in 1840. Mr. Burleigh also took an active part in various religious and social movements, and was well known as a lecturer upon anti- slavery. Celia M. Burleigh, his widow, is known as a graceful writer and an eloquent lecturer. His mother was descended from Gov. Bradford. Charles C., George S., and Lucien Burleigh, all disting. as writers or speakers, are his brothers. Burlingame, ANSON, LL.D., statesman and diplomatist, b. New Berlin, Chenango Co., N.Y., Nov. 14, 1822; d. St. Petersburg, Feb. 23, 1870. H. U. 1846. His youth was spent on the Western frontiers, surveying and par ticipating in the making of Indian treaties far beyorvi the confines of civilization. He laid the foundation of his education at the Branch U. of Michigan. Studied law, and practised in Boston ; was a member of the State senate in 1852; a member of the convention for revis ing the State constitution in 1853; M.C. from Boston, 1856-61; minister to Austria,! 861, and subsequently to China, 1861-7. From 1867 until his death, he was in the employ of the Chinese Govt., negotiating treaties with foreign powers. He was an eloquent and effective po litical speaker. Burnaby, ANDREW, an English divine, b. 1732 at Asfordby, Leceistershire ; d. Mar. 9, 1812. Educated at Westmin. and Camb. (M. A. 1757) and in 1776 pub. " Travels through the Middle Settlements of North America, in 1759-60." In 1786, he was preferred to the archdeaconry of Leicester. He also wrote a vol. of sermons, and a journal of a tour to Corsica in 1766, 8vo. Burnap, GEORGE W., D.D. (1849), Uni tarian clergyman and author, b. Merrimack, N.H., Nov. 30, 1802; d. Phila., Sept. 8, 1859. H.U. 1824. Son of Rev. Jacob Burnap, ord. pastor in Baltimore, Apr. 23, 1828. Forcible and impressive in the pulpit, he was character ized also by his sturdy integrity and inde pendent frankness. Among his pubs, are "Lectures to Young Men," 1840; "On the History of Christianity," 1842; "On the Sphere and Duty of Woman," 1840; "Life of Leonard Calvert" in "Sparks s Am. Biog.," 1844; "Popular Objections to Unitarian Christianity considered and answered," 1848 ; "Expository Lectures on the Bible," 1845; " Lectnres on the Doctrines of Controversy between Unitarians and Other Denomination s of Christians," 1835 ; a vol. of " Miscella nies," and a " Biography of Henry A. Ingalls," 1845; in 1850, 20 discourses " On the Recti tude of Human Nature," and, in 1855, " Chris tianity, its Essence and Evidence," the most compendious statement of the biblical theology of the author s school of Unitarianism ; and occasional addresses and discourses. Burnet, JACOB, LL.D., jurist, son of Dr. W. B., b. Newark, N.J., Feb. 22, 1770; d. Cincinnati, April 27, 1853. N. J. Coll. 1791. He studied law in the office of Judge Boudinot, and was adm. to the bar in 1796. He then re moved to Cincinnati, where he became disting. In 1799, he was app. to the legisl. council of the territory, continuing until the formation of a State govt. In 1812, he was a member of the State legisl., was a judge of the Su preme Court of Ohio in 1821-8, and in 1828- 31, U.S. senator. He was soon after chosen by the legisl. of Ky. a commis. to adjust some ter ritorial disputes with Va. ; took a leading part in the establishment of the Lancastrian Acad. of Gin., and of the Gin. Coll., of which he was the first pres. ; was active in re-organizing the Med. Coll. of Ohio, over which he several ye"ars presided. A delegate to the Harrisburg con vention in 1839, he was mainly instrumental in securing the nomination of Harrison to the Presidency. He was the first pres. of the Col onization Soc. of Cin., also of the Astron. Society, and at the instance of Lafayette, the friend of his father and of his bro. Maj. Bur- net, was elected a member of the French Acad. of Sciences. His efforts in 1821 to alleviate the distress felt by the purchasers of Western lands, on account of indebtedness to govt. which they were wholly unable to pay, result ed in an act of Congress granting relief to the entire West, raising them from a state of de pression, which, had it been continued, must have produced distressing results. In 1847, he pub. a vol., entitled " Notes on the Early Set tlement of the Northern Territory." Lan- man. Burnett, DAVID G., b. Newark, N.J., April 4, 1789; d. Galveston, Texas, Dec, 5, 1870. He entered a counting-house in N.Y. ; joined Gen. Miranda s exped. m 1806; in 1817, BTJR- 144 BUR, oecame a merchant in Natchitoches, La., after ward studied law in Cincinnati; emig. to Texas in 1 826 ; was a member of the San Felipe Con vention in 1833 ; app. judge of the municipality of Austin in 1834, and, when Santa Ana as sumed dictatorial Bowers in 1836, became pres. ad interim of the incipient republic. He was afterward chosen vice-pres., and lived in re tirement, near the battle-field of San Jacinto. Chosen U. S. senator from Texas after the Rebellion, Congress refused to admit him. Burnett, WALDO IRVING, M.D. (1849), naturalist and microscopist, b. Southborough, Ms., July 12, 1828; d. Boston, July 1, 1854. He early began the study of entomology; studied medicine under his father, who was a physician; and visited Europe. During the last 5 years of his life, and while suffering from consumption, he accomplished a great share of intellectual labor, the results of which may be found in various scientific periodicals. His principal work was the Prize Essay on " The Ceil, its Physiology, Pathology, and Philos ophy. " He was last engaged in translating from the German the " Comparative Anatomy of Siebold and Stannius." Burnet, WILLIAM, a colonial gov., b. at the Hague, Mar. 1688; d. Boston, Sept. 7, 1729. Son of Bishop Burnett, he had for a godfather William of Orange. Involved pecuniarily by the "South Sea" speculation, he accepted the govts. of N. Y. and N. J. to retrieve his for tunes. He had previously been a comptroller of the customs. Arriving in N. Y. 19 Sept. 1720, his administration was popular until the passage of an act prohibiting the sale to the French of goods proper to the Indian trade. Some of his decrees as chancellor also gave dis satisfaction ; and, on the accession of George II., he was transferred to the govts. of Ms. and N.H. He arrived in Boston in July, 1 728, and at once became unpopular by insisting upon a fixed salary. He was majestic in stature, frank in manner, possessed a ready wit, and shone in con versation. He pub. astron. observations in the Trans, of the Roy. Soc., and in 1724 an essay on Scripture prophecies. Burnet, WILLIAM, physician and patriot, b. Elizabeth, N.J., Dec. 13, 1730; d. Newark, N.J., Oct. 7, 1791. N.J. Coll. 1749. He held at different times various offices in the State govt; was a member of Congress in 1780-81, and was chief physician and surgeon in an im portant section of the army during the Revol. war. He suffered much in property by the dep redations of the enemy, who carried off his large and valuable library. He was a skilful and successful physician of extensive practice. Judge Jacob B. of Cincinnati was his son. Ahlon. Burnham, HIRAM, brig.-gen. vols., b. Me.; killed at Chaffin s Farm, Sept. 29, 1864. He entered the service as col. 6th Me. regt., be haved gallantly through the peninsular cam paign, at Antietam, Frederieksburg, and Gettys burg; brig.-gen. April, 1864. Conspicuous in all the campaign from the Wilderness to Peters burg. He com. a brigade in Stannard s div. 1 8th corps. Burns, WILLIAM W. brev. brig.-gen. U. S. A., b. O., ab. 1827. West Point, 1847. En tering the 5th Inf., he became 1st lieut. Aug 12, 1850, and in Jan. 1859, relinquished rank in the line, being made a capt. in the subsistence dept. Maj. and com. subsistence, 3 Aug. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. Sept. 28, 1861; served in the Army of the Potomac; was wounded in one of the battles before Richmond, and Nov. 2, 1862, took com. of a div. in the army corps of Gen. Wilcox; participated in the battle of Fredericksburg; maj.-gen. vols. 29 Mar. 1862; resigned March 20, 1863; brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A. 29 June, 1862, for Savage Station; brev. col. 30 June, 1862, for Glendale, and brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, ser vices in the Rebellion. Cullum. Burnside, AMBROSE EVERETT, maj.-gen. vols., b. Liberty, Ind., May 23, 1824. West Point, 1847. His grandparents came from Scotland near the close of the last century, and settled in S.C. Entering the 3d Art., he marched in Patterson s column to the city of Mexico, and was in 1849 ordered to New Mex., where, in charge of a squadron of cavalry, he highly disting. himself in a conflict with the Apaches. In 1850-51, he was quartermaster to the Mexican boundary commission. Dec. 1851, became 1st lieut. He went to R.I. ; re signed in 1853, and built an establishment for the manuf. of his breech-loading rifle, which he invented when on duty in Mex. This proving unprofitable, he removed to Chicago, and be came cashier in the land office of the 111. Central Railroad. - He soon became treasurer, and transferred his office to N.Y. City, where he resided in 1861. Col. 1st R.I. Vols. At the battle of Bull Run, July 21, he com. a brigade in Hamilton s div., and was highly commended by Gen. McDowell for bravery and coolness. Made brig.-gen. vols., Aug. 6, 1861, he assisted Gen. McClellan in organizing the army. In trusted with an exped. for the capture of Roanoke Island, he left Hampton Roads in Jan. 1862, with 10,000 men, convoyed by a fleet under Flag-officer Goldsborough. Feb. 8, the island was taken by a combined attack; 2,000 of the enemy being captured. For this victory, the legisl. of R.I. voted him a sword ; and Mar. 18, he was made maj.-gen. of vols. Mar. 14, he captured Newbern, and Beaufort and Fort Macon soon afterward. On McClellan s retreat to the James River, July, 1862, Burn- side was ordered to re-enforce him with the greater part of his army. Occupying Fred ericksburg, the defeat of Gen. Pope compelled him to fall back toward Washington. When the Confederates invaded Md., his com. was largely increased, and, with Gen. McClellan, he pushed forward to meet them, defeating them at South Mountain, Sept. 14. At the battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, he com. the left wing, and was highly disting. Assigned to the 9th army corps, he occupied Leuttsville, Va , Oct. 26. Ab. the same time, he was placed in com. of one of the 3 grand armies into which the Army of the Potomac was divided. Nov. 7, he superseded McClellan in com. of the Army of the Potomac, and Dec. 13, was defeated by the Confederates under Lee at Fredericksburg. Relieved of the com., Jan. 28, 1863, assumed com. of the dept. of the Ohio, Apr. 26 ; re pulsed Longstreet a attack on Knoxville, Nov BTJR 145 BUR 28. 1 863, and took com. of the 9th corps in the following Apr., participating in the campaigns around Richmond and Petersburg until Lee s surrender. Gov. of R. I., 1866-71. Burnyeat, JOHN, one of the earliest preachers of the Society of Friends, b. Crab- treebeck, Cumberland, 1631 ; d. Dublin, July 11, 1690. He travelled in Eng. and Ireland, and in 1672 came with George Fox to Amer. His " Memorials " describe the condition of Md., and the other Colonies through which he passed from N. Eng. to N.C. He was a zeal ous advocate of his creed, and suffered much persecution. Burr, AARON, pres. of N.J. Coll., b. Fair- field, Ct., Jan. 4, 1716 ; d. Sept. 24, 1757. Y.C. 1 735. Of German extraction. He was a de scendant of John, an early settler of Springfield, Ms., and of Rev. Jonathan, minister of Dor chester, who d. Aug. 9, 1641. Ord. by the Pres bytery of East Jersey, Oct. 25, 1737. In 1738, he was invited to take charge of the Presb. church at Newark, N.J. Unanimously elected in 1748 to the pres. of the coll. which he was instrumental in founding. In 1754, he accomp. Mr. Whitefield to Boston. Mr. Burr. pub. " The Supreme Deity of our Lord Jesus Christ Maintained ; " also a Fast-day sermon, Jan. 1, 1755; "The Watchman s Answer to the Question, What of the Night ? " a sermon, 1756, and a funeral sermon on Gov. Belcher, 1757. He prepared a Latin grammar, pub. in N.Y. in 1752, used in the college of N. J., and known as " The Newark Grammar." The eulogium on his death, by William Liv ingston, celebrates his virtues with animated panegyric. He was pre-eminent in force and elegance of mind, in learning, eloquence, and excellence as a preacher. In 1752, he m. a dau. of Jonathan Edwards. Burr, AARON, vice-pres. of the U.S., b. Newark, N.J., Feb. 6, 1756 ; d. Staten Island, Sept. 14, 1836. N.J. Coll. 1772. Son of Pres. Burr, and grandson of Pres. Edwards. In 1775, he joined the army at Cambridge; accomp. Arnold as a private in his exped. against Quebec ; acted as aide to Gen. Mont gomery in the assault on that stronghold, en deavoring to bring off his body when he fell at his side ; acted as brigade-major to Arnold, and on his return, in May, 1776, joined the military family of Washington with the rank of maj. Dissatisfied with this position, he quitted it in 6 weeks to become an aide to Gen. Putnam, participating in the defence of N.Y. In July, 1 7 7 7, he became a lieut.-col. in Malcom s regt , and was disting. at Monmouth, where he com. a brigade in Stirling s division. Dur ing the winter of 1778-9, he was stationed in Westchester Co., N.Y., and com. for a short time at West Point, but resigned from ill health, Mar. 10, 1779. Burr belonged to the Lee and Gates faction, and always affected to despise the military talents of Washington. He began to practise law at Albany in Apr. 1782, but removed to N.Y. in 1783. He was a member of the N.Y. legisl. in 1784 and 1798 ; wasapp. atty.-gen. of the State, Sept. 27, 1789 ; com missioner on Revol. claims in 1791, and from 1791 to 1797 was a conspicuous Democ. leader in the U. S. senate. At the next presidential 10 election, Jefferson and Burr had each 73 votes, and the choice was decided by Congress, on the 36th ballot, in favor of Jefferson for pres. and Burr, for vice-pres. July 12, 1804, he mortallv wounded in a duel Alexander Hamilton, long his professional rival and political opponent. He soon after undertook his mad enterprise in the western territories of the U. S., for which he was apprehended and tried at Richmond, on a charge of treason, in Aug. 1807, and, after a long trial, acquitted. To escape further legal requisition, and to avoid numerous creditors, he went to London in 1808, and lived some years in extreme poverty there and in Paris, endeavoring, unsuccessfully, to procure means to carry out his Mexican project. It was sup posed that he intended establishing an empire in Mexico, which should embrace some of the South-western States of the Union. He re turned to N.Y. in 1812, and practised law, but lived in obscurity and poverty. By his first wife, the widow of Gen. Augustine Prevost, he had a dau., who m. Mr. Allston of S. C. At the age of 78, he m. his second wife, a Mrs. Jumel. Burr was small in stature, had a remarkably brilliant eye, and a striking ap pearance. He possessed disting. talents, but manifested a lamentable want of principle both in public and private life. He was charitable, and benevolent to the poor. A memoir of his life and times was pub. by James Parton, N.Y., 1857. Another, by M. L. Davis, 2 vols., 1836-7. Burrall, JONATHAN, a Revol. officer, b. 1753; d. Goshen, N.Y., Nov. 18, 1834. In 1776, he joined the northern army under Schuyler. His talents soon procured him the app. of assist. paym.,and, at the close of the war, a place in the commission for settling the ac counts of the commissary and quartern!, depts. He was afterward assist, postmaster.-gen. ; cashier of the U. S. Branch Bank of N.Y., and one of the managers of the N.Y. State lotteries at a time when public confidence in them had been shaken. His ability, industry, and in tegrity were of a high order. Burrill, ALEXANDER M., legal writer, d. Kearney, N.J., Feb. 7, 1869, a. 62. Col. Coll. 1824, with highest honors of the class. He studied several years in the office of Chancellor Kent, and was remarkable for his scholarly precision and discrimination in the use of lan guage. Author of " Circumstantial Evidence," " Assignments," " Practice," and a " Law Dictionary." He also aided in compiling " Worcester s Dictionary." Burrill, JAMES, LL.D., lawyer and states man, b. Providence, R.I., April 25, 1772; d. Washington, Dec. 25, 1820. B.U. 1788. Adm. to practise law in Sept. 1791, his superior talents soon gave him the first rank at the bar. He was atty.-gen. of R.I. from 1797 to 1813, when the decline of his health caused his retire ment from the bar. Member of the legisl. iti 1813, speaker in 1814, chief-justice of the Su preme Court in 1816, U.S. senator, 1817-20. He bore a disting. part in the U.S. senate, espe cially in the debate on the Mo. Compromise, to which he was inflexibly opposed. He was dignified in character and eminent in scholar ship. BTJR 140 BUR Burrington, GEORGE, gov. of N.C., 1723- 4 and 1730-4: was app. because his father had been active in support of the govt. at the accession of George I. He withdrew from the Colony in 1734, to avoid prosecution, and evade justice, and was found murdered one morning in St. James s Park, Lond. Williamson s N.C. Burritt, ELIHU, "the learned black smith," reformer, b. New Britain, Ct., Dec. 8, 1S11. The son of a shoemaker, he was edu cated at u common school, and at 16 was ap prenticed to a blacksmith. Desirous of read ing the Scriptures in their original languages, in the intervals of labor, by diligence and a remarkable facility, he acquired several lan guages. He removed to Worcester for the benefit of the library of the Antiquarian Soci ety, and, while still plying his trade, became acquainted with the principal ancient arid mod em languages. In 1844, he edited at Worces ter the Christian Citizen, a paper advocating a peaceful settlement of international difficul ties. In this cause, he delivered many public lectures. In 1846, he went to Eng., where he formed the "Leagueof UniversalBrotherhood," whose object was "to employ all legitimate means for the abolition of war throughout the worid; " and was proprietor and editor of the Peace Adcocate, and pub. a periodical tract, the Bond of Brotherhood. He took a promi nent pan in all the European peace congresses, returning to America in 1853. The promotion of temperance, cheap ocean-postage, and the abolition of American slavery, have been ob jects of his exertions. He was for twenty-five years U.S. consul at Birmingham. His prin cipal publications are, " Sparks from the An vil," 1848, " Miscellaneous Writings/ 1850, and " Thoughts and Things at Home and Abroad," Boston, 1854. Burroughs, CHARLES, D. D., Prot.-Ep. clergyman, b. Boston, 27 Dec. 1787 ; d. Ports mouth, N.H., 5 Mar. 1868. H.U. 1806. Ord. priest, 1812, and rector of St. John s Church, Portsm., nearly 50 years. Nearly 30 years pres. N.H. Asylum for the Insane; of the Portsm. Athenaeum nearly 40 years, and of the Gen. Theol. Library of Boston, from its origi nation until his death. Author of " Memoirs of Horace B. Morse," 1829, " The Poetry of Religion and other Poems," 1851. Burroughs, GEORGE, minister of Salem ; executed for witchcraft, 19 Aug. 1692. H.U. 1670. In 1676, he was settled at Fal mouth (now Portland), Me. ; 25 Nov. 1680, he was ord. at Salem, but, in consequence of a dispute with some of his people, resigned in 1685, and returned to Falmouth. On the destruction of this place by the Indians, in 1690, he is said to have returned to Salem. Examined for witch craft, and imprisoned at Boston, May 8, he was brought to trial, 3 Aug., for having, by his " wicked arts, tortured, afflicted, pined, con sumed, wasted, and tormented Mary Walcott, and also for having performed feats of extraor dinary strength." On the strength of these charges, made by professed witches, or those who were victims of their influence, he was hung. Burroughs, STEPHEN, adventurer, b. Hanover, N.H., 1765; d. Three Rivers, Cana da, 23 Jan. 1840. Son of a Cong, clergyman, and reputed " the worst boy in town. At 14, he joined the army, but soon deserted. He lelt Dartm. Coll. clandestinely, became succes sively privateersman, ship s physician, and schoolmaster, and finally a preacher. Under the name of Davis, he was a Cong, pastor in Pel- ham, Ms. ; was afterward imprisoned in Spring field for passing counterfeit money ; set fire to his jail, and was removed to Castle Island, Boston harbor. After his release, he again connected himself with a gang of counterfeiters, in Canada, but afterward became an exem plary Catholic, and educated the sons of wealthy Canadians. He was remarkable throughout his career for charitable deeds. He pub. 2 vols. of Autobiography. Burrows, WILLIAM, U.S.N., b. Render ton, near Phila., Oct. 6, 1785; d. Sept. 5, 1813. Son of col. W. Ward Burrows, com. of U.S. marines; midshipm. 10 Nov. 1799, and served under Preble in the Tripolitan war ; lieut. March 19, 1807 ; app. to the sloop-of-war "Enterprise," he sailed from Portsmouth, and on Sunday, Sept. 5, 1813, fell in with the British brig " Boxer " off Portland, and, after an action of 45 minutes, captured her, her com. Biythe being killed. Burrows was mortally wounded at the first fire. For his gallantry, Congress voted a gold medal to his nearest male rela tive. Burt, WILLIAM A., surveyor, b. Worces ter, Ms., 13 June, 1792; d. 18 Aug. 1858. He received a good education ; was some years an engineer in Erie Co., N.Y. ; settled near Detroit, Mich., in 1824; served several terms in the Ten*. Council ; became U.S. clep. sur veyor, and in 1840-7 surveyed Northern Mich. He originated the idea of the solar compass, introduced important improvements in geol. surveying; received in 1851, from the London Industrial Exhib., a prize medal for his com pass, and in 1856 patented an equatorial sex tant, but d. before bringing it to perfection. He had been a judge of the Mich. Circuit Court, and member of the legisl. for several terms, and was a prime mover in the construc tion of the Saute Ste. Marie Canal. Burton, ASA, D.D. (Middleb. Coll. 1804), divine, b. Preston, now Griswold, Ct., Aug. 25, 1752 ; d. Thetford, Vt., May 1, 1836. Dartm. Coll. 1777. Ord. at Thetford, Jan. 19, 1779, over a church of 16 members, he continued his pastorate more than half a century. He pub lished several sermons and discourses, and " Essays on Some of the First Principles of Metaphysics, Ethics, and Theology," 8vo, 1824. A memoir has been pub. by Thomas Adams. Spraaue. Burton, HENRY S., brev. brig.-gen. U.S. A., b. N.Y., 1818; d. Fort Adams, R.I. April 4, 1869. West Point, 1839. He servec in the art. in the Seminole war ; was an in structor at West Point in 1843-6 ; and, as lieut.-col. N.Y. vols., disting. himself by his defence of La Paz in Lower Cal., in Nov. 1847 ; maj. May 14, 1861 ; lieut-col. July 25, 1863; col. 5th Art. Aug. 11,1863; brev. brig.-gen. March 13, 1865, for services at the capture of Petersburg. Burton, HUTCHINS G, a politician of BUR 147 BUS N. C., b. Granville Co.; d. Apr. 21, 1836. After studying law, he settled in Mecklenburg, which, in 1810, he represented in the House of Commons. Atty.-gen. of the State, 1811-16; removed to Halifax Co. in 1816, again becom ing a member of the House ; was M. C. 1819- 24, and gov. 1824-7. Burton, NAPIER CHRISTIE, a British gen., " an American by birth ; " d. Eng., Jan. 1835, a. 76. He entered the service in Aug. 1775, as ensign 22d; was made capt. Sept. 1779. During the winter of 1779-80, he served in the Jerseys ; in actions of Elizabeth town and Springfield in 1780; in Aug. went to Ports mouth, Va., and thence to S. C ; engaged in the affairs of the Catawba and Yadkin, in the battles of Guilford and Cross Creek, and was taken prisoner at Yorktown ; lieut.-col. in 1789; served in Flanders; app. lieut.-gov. Up per Canada in 1799 ; lieut.-gen. Jan. 1, 1805; gen. June 4, 1814; M. P. for Bcvcrley, 1796- 1806. Philipart. Burton, MAJ.-GEN. RALPH; d. 1768. lieut.-col. 48th Foot, Oct. 14, 1754. and wound ed at Braddock s defeat ; com. the 3d brigade in the exped. against Louisburg in 1758; was wounded at the capture of Quebec ; com. the reserve at the Plains of Abraham ; was made lieut.-gov. of Quebec, brig.-gen. in 1760, and maj.-gen. July 10, 1762. In Gen. Murray s operations at the reduction of Montreal, he com. the 1st brigade. O Callaghan. Burton, COL. ROBERT, Revol. officer, b. 1747, Mecklenburg Co., Va. ; d. Granville Co., N. C., 1825. He was a planter, and moved to Granville ab. 1775. Member of the Old Con gress, 1787-8. Commissioner on boundary line between N. and S. Carolina and Ga., in 1801. Burton, WARREN, author and clergyman, b. Wilton, N. H., Nov. 13, 1800 ; d. Salem, Ms., June 6, 1866. H. U. 1821. His grand father was one of the first settlers of Wilton, a soldier in the French war, and an officer of the Revol. war. He studied at the Cambridge Theol. School, was ord. 5 Mar. 1828, at East Cambridge, Ms., but, after a brief ministry, devoted himself to objects of reform, still con tinuing to preach occasionally. He was a min ister at large in Boston, from 1844 to 1848. Chaplain of the Worcester prison in 1849, to the State senate in 1852, to the house in 1858 and 1860, and to the State convention in 1853. He labored to promote true culture, to raise the condition of schools, and especially to secure universal attention to the sphere of home education, by lectures, meetings for dis cussion, and through the newspaper press. His publications are, " Cheering Views of Man and Providence ; " " Uncle Sam s Recommen dations of Phrenology," 1842 ; "District School as it was ; " " Helps to Education in the Homes of our Country," 1863 ; " Scenery Showing, or Word-Paintings of the Beautiful, Pictur esque, and Grand in Nature ; " " My Religious Experience at my Native Home," 1829 ; " Es say on the Divine Agency in the Material Uni verse," besides articles in annuals and periodi cals. Burton, WILLIAM EVANS, comedian and author, b. London, Sept, 1802; d. N. Y., Feb. 10, I860. Intended for the church, he received a classical education, but, at the age of 18, took charge of his father s printing-office, and edited a monthly magazine. After acting several years on the Norwich circuit, he appeared with success at the Haymarket in 1832. He wrote several dramatic pieces, one of which, " Ellen Wareham," was played at 5 theatres in Lon don on the same evening. He made his debut at the Arch-st. Theatre, Phila., as " Dr. Olla- pod," Sept. 3, 1834, appearing first in N.Y. at a complimentary benefit to Woodworth, in 1839. He was the lessee of theatres in the chief At lantic cities, residing principally in Phila. and N.Y. In Phila., he built the "National," and started in 1837 the Gentlemen s Magazine. He was proprietor of the Opera House, N. Y., when burned in 1 841 . In 1 847, he purchased Palmo s Opera House, in Chambers Street, where he managed dramatic performances with popular favor 10 years. In 1856, he purchased the Met ropolitan Theatre on Broadway, to which his name was attached. The part of " Toodles " was one of his specialties. He was very success ful as a manager and performer, and was unri valled in a wide range of eccentric and comic parts. An excellent Shaksperian scholar, he possessed a very full Shaksperian library. He edited for several years the Literary Souvenir, and compiled in 1858 a " Cyclopaedia of Wit and Humor," 2 vols. royal 8vo. He was a man of unsullied integrity and great generosity. Bush, MAJ. GEORGE, Revol. officer of Del . ; d. ab. 1794. His bro. Maj. LEWIS fell at the battle of Brandy wine, Sept. 11, 1777. WIL LIAM S. BUSH, lieut. of marines, nephew of George and Lewis, killed in the action between the frigates " Constitution " and " Guerriere," Aug. 19, 1812. Bush, REV. GEORGE, an eminent Sweden- borgian divine and author, b. Norwich, Vt., June 12, 1796; d. Rochester, N.Y., Sept. 19, 1859. Dartm. Coll. 1818. He studied theol ogy at the Princeton Sem., made a brief mis sionary tour in Indiana, and was pastor of a Presb.* church in Indianapolis, from 1824 to 1829. Elected in 1831 prof, of Hebrew anJ Oriental literature in the U. of N.Y., he first became known as an author by his popular " Life of Mohammed," 1832. He afterwards pub. " Scriptural Illustrations," " Treatise on the Millennium," 1833 ; " New Church Miscel lanies," 1855; "Priesthood and Clergy un known to Christianity," 1857 ; " Hebrew Gram mar," 1835; in 1840 commenced a series of Bible commentaries in 7 vols.; " Anastasis," 1844, and edited the Hierophant, a monthly mag., in 1844. In his work on mesmerism, 1847, he deems it a confirmation of the truth of Sweden* borg s revelations. He was a man of simple manners, genial and kind. Embracing the doc trines of Swedenborg, he became pastor of the New Jerusalem Church, N.Y., in 1845, and be came editor of the New Church Repository, to develop and maintain the principles of that philosopher. He finally became a Spiritualist. A vol. of Memoirs of Bush, by W. M. Fernald, appeared in 1860. Bushnell, DAVID, inventor, b. Saybrook, Ct., ab. 1754; d. Warrenton, Ga., 1824. Y.C. 1775. During the Revol., he turned his mind to the invention of a machine for blowing up BUS 148 BUT vessels : he made one capable of conveying an operator, with 100 Ibs. of powder, which was tried in vain on " The Eagle," a British 64 gun- ship lying in N.Y. harbor. An account of this machine is found in Silliman s Journal for 1820. Bushnell prepared a largf number of machines in kegs to be floated by the tide upon the British vessels lying in the river at Phila., the result of which attempt occasioned the bal lad of -the "Battle of the Kegs," by Hopkin- son. He became a capt. in the army, and af ter the war went to France. Returning, he was several years at the head of one of the most respectable schools of Ga., and later set tled at Warrenton, as a practitioner of physic, where he was known as Dr. Bush. Bushnell, HORACE, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1842), Cong, divine and author, b. New Preston, Ct., 1802. Y.C. 1827. At one time literary ed. of the JV. Y. Journal of Commerce, then a teacher in the Norwich Acad. ; tutor at Yale in 1829-31. May 1833-1857, pastor of the North Cong. Church, Hartford, Ct. ; an elo quent preacher, and a disting. philos. essayist. In 1837, he delivered at N. Haven a Phi Beta Kappa oration on the " Principles of National Greatness." He also pub. " Christian Nur ture," 1847 ; "God in Christ," 1849, and a defence of it, entitled " Christian Theology," in 1851 ; " Sermons for the New life," 1858 ; " Nature and the Supernatural," 1858 ; " Work and Play," 1864 ; " Christ and his Salvation," 1864; "The Vicarious Sacrifice," 1865, and " Woman s Suffrage, the Reform against Na ture." Also a contrib. to the./V. Englander and other periodicals ; d. Hartford, Ct. Feb. 1 7, 1 876. Bushyhead, JESSE, chief-justice of the Cherokees ; d. at the mission in the Cherokee nation, West, July 17, 1844. He was a self- made man, acquired great distinction among his tribe, and filled with fidelity many public trusts. Bussey, BENJAMIN, a benefactor of H.U., b. Canton, Ms., March 1, 1757; d. Roxbury, Jan. 13, 1842. At 18, he enlisted as a soldier in the Revol. army, and was at the capture of Burgoyne. At age of 22, he m., commenced business as a silversmith in Dedharn, with a capital of $10, and in 1782 removed to Bos ton ; where, engaging in foreign commerce, he acquired a fortune. He left a widow, one grandchild, and some great grandchildren. On the death of the last survivor, the whole of this estate, estimated at $350,000, will pass to Har vard University, one half to endow a Farm School, for instruction in practical agricul ture, &c., the other half to be devoted to the support of the law and divinity schools. Bustamente (boos-ta-man -ta), ANASTA- sio, pres. of Mexico, b. in Guadalajara, 1782; d. St. Miguel de Allende, 1851. At 21, he re ceived the diploma of M.D., began practice in San Luis Potosi, and was family physician to Calleja, viceroy of Mexico. On the breaking- out of the revol. of 1810, he fought in behalf of the Spanish Govt. ; but the cruelty of Cal leja made him a patriot. When, Feb. 24, 1821, Iturbide pronounced against the Span ish Govt., Bustamente was one of the first to sustain him. Iturbide made him gen. of div., and com. of the interior provinces, which office he held till called to the vice-pres. of the republic, Dec. 31, 1829. He took part against Guerrero, and in Dec. 1830, Santa Ana having headed a Revol. called the " plan of Jalapa," he was charged with the executive power till Aug. 14, 1 832. Being succeeded in the presidency by Pe- draza, he took com. of the army, and was soon after overthrown by Santa Ana, who banished him. He visited France, but, on the outbreak of Texas in 1836, returned to Mexico; in 183741 was again pres., excepting a short interval in 1839, but was again overthrown and banished by Santa Ana. He fled to Eu rope, resided some time in Genoa, but, on the fall of Santa Ana in 1845, again returned to Mexico, and served his country in many offices till his death. Under his administration, the republic prospered. Bustamente, DON CARLOS MARIA DE, Mexican arch geologist, b. Mexico, ab. 1790. Author of " Statistical Memoir on the Oaxaca Country," 1821 ; " Tezcoco in the Last Days of its Ancient Kings," 1826 ; " Description Hist, y Crowd, de las dos Piedras" &c., 1832. Editor of a " Complete History of Events in New Spain," 1839,3 vols., by the Monk Sahagan, and the Mexican translation of " The Conquests of Fernando Cortes," 1826. Butler, ANDREW PICKENS, U.S. senator from 1846 to his d., Edgefield dist., S.C., 25 May, 1857 ; b. there 18 Nov. 1796. S.C. Coll. 1817. Son of Gen. Wm., a gallant Revol. soldier of Va. Adm. to the bar in 1818, and soon attained high rank; became also an able debater in the State legisl. ; judge of the ses sions, 1833, and of the State Court in 1835- 46; chairman of the senate judiciary com., he made an elaborate speech on reporting the fugitive slave law, and was conspicuous on the Kansas and other important questions ; his last speech being a reply to Mr. Sumner, and a defence of S.C. Butler, BENJAMIN F., a politician and law yer of N.Y., b. Kinderhook, Dec. 15, 1795 ; d. Paris, France, Nov. 8, 1858. He was a lineal descendant of Oliver Cromwell on his moth er s side. He studied law with Martin Van Buren, and, on his adm. to the bar in 1817, be came his partner, and was dist.-atty. of Al bany in 1821-5. He served in the State assembly, and, with John Duer and J. C. Spencer, revised the statutes of N.Y. He was U.S. atty .-gen. under Jackson (1831-4), also act ing sec. of war from Oct. 1836 to March, 1837 ; U.S. dist.-atty. for the southern dist. of N.Y. 1838-41. He left the Democ. party on account of the Nebraska bill, joined the Repubs., and voted for Fremont. Resuming his profession, he also performed the duties of principal prof, of law in the U. of N.Y., which institution he was instrumental in establishing. See Life and Opinions of, by W. L. Mackenzie. Butler, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, lawyer and politician, b. Deerfield, N.H., Nov. 5, 1818. Waterville Coll., Me., 1838. Zephaniah, his grandfather, was a Revol. officer. He studied law at Lowell, Ms. ; was adm. to the bar in 1841, and practised law in Ms. until April, 1861, with high reputation, especially in crim inal cases. He became identified with the Democ. party, was active in politics ; was a BUT 149 BUT member of the Mass, legisl. in 1853, and of the State senate in 1859-60, of the Const. Conv. of 1853, and in 1860 was a delegate to the Democ. pres. convention at Charleston, and afterward at Baltimore, in which he supported the nomination of Breckinridge. As brig.- gen. of Ms. militia, April 17, 1861, he marched with the Ms. 8th regt. to Annapolis, brought out the frigate " Constitution," and was placed in com. of the dept. of Annapolis, including the city of Baltimore; made maj.-g^n. of vols. May 16, and transferred to the com. of Fortress Monroe, and the dept. of Easter a Va. To some slaves who came to the fort for piotec- tion, Butler applied the famous phrase "con traband of war." Aug. 22, he proceeded v/ith an exped. against Forts Hatteras and Clark on the coast of N.C., which fell on the 29th. He then organized an exped. for the capture of New Orleans ; left Boston, Feb. 20, 1862, and on the surrender of Fort St. Philip and Fort Jackson to Flag-officer Farragut, May 1, took possession of the city, and by a vigorous admin istration reduced it to order and security. He was removed in Nov. 1862. In the latter part of 1863, he obtained com. of the dept. of Va. and N.C. He operated on the south side of the James River against Richmond, in trenching himself at City Point and Bermuda Hundred, 5 May, 1864. He was attacked on the 16th near Drury s Bluff, and forced back to his intrenchments, so that he could not take the offensive. He com. the land force in the unsuccessful exped. against Fort Fisher in Dec. 1864. M.C. 1866-71 ; one of the mana gers of the impeachment of Pres. Johnson, 1868. See Parton s Butler in New Orleans; Greeley s Aimer. Conflict. Blitler, CALEB, b. Pelham, N.H., Sept. 13, 1776 ; d. Groton, Ms., Oct. 7, 1854. Dartm. Coll. 1800. Studied law in Groton, and was the principal instructor of the Groton Acad. for 11 years. He pub. a Masonic oration, 1816 ; " Facts, &c., as to Affairs in Groton," 1827 ; " Review reviewed," 1850, " History of Groton," 1848. Butler, EZRA, statesman, d. Waterbmy, Vt., July 19, 1838, a. 76. In Sept. 1786, he came from Weathersfield, Vt., and settled in Waterbury. He was of the Jeffersonian school in politics; was 11 years a member of the as sembly ; 15 years of the council ; first judge of Chittenden Co. Court, 1803-6 ; chief-justice, 1806-11; ch.-jus. of Jefferson Co., 1814-26; M.C. 1813-15 ; member of the Vt. Const. Conv. 1822; gov. of Vt. 1826-8. He was 53 years in the public service, beside the town offices he held at home. Deminy s Vt. Officers. Butler, COL. JOHN, a Tory leader of the Revol., b. Ct. ; d. Niagara, 1794. Before the war, he was in official connection with the Johnsons, and com. a militia regt. in Tryon Co., N.Y. In 1776, he organized a band of marauders, who dressed and painted like In dians, but who were chiefly American traitors and vagabonds in disguise. He was active in the predatory warfare which so long disturbed Tryon Co. ; was at the battle of Oriskany in Aug. 1777 ; com. the 1,100 men who desolated Wyoming in July, 1778; was among those who opposed Sullivan s exped. to the Indian country in 1779, and accomp. Sir John John son s raid on the Schoharie and Mohawk set tlements in 1780. After the war, he went to Canada, and was richly rewarded by the Bri tish Govt., succeeding, in part, to the agency of Indian affairs, long held by the Johnsons ; and, ab. 1794, had a salary of 500 per annum, and a military pension of 200 more. His son WALTER, a major in the British service, kilK-d in battle in 1781, was a man of ferocious and brutal character. Butler, MANN, author of a " History of Kentucky ; " d. in Nov. 1835, in consequence of a railroad accident in Mo. He emig. to Ky. in 1806, and pub. his history at Louisville in 1834. Butler, GEN. PERCIVAL, 4th of the Butler bros., b. Pa., 1760; d. Port William, Ky., Sept. 11, 1821. The bros. Richard, William, Thomas, Percival, and Edward, all served with dist. in the Revol., and the succeeding Indian wars. Capt. in the Revol. army. He was Morgan s second in com. at Saratoga, and com. in the conflict with Col. Simcoe at Spen cer s Ordinary, June 25, 1781, and served at the siege of Yorktown. After the war, he removed to Jessamine Co., Ky., and was adju tant-gen, in the War of 1812. Butler, PIERCE, senator, b. Ireland, 1744 ; d. Phila., Feb. 15, 1822. He was of the family of the Dukes of Ormond ; was made a Heut. 46th regt. Aug. 18, 1761 ; capt. 29th in July, 1762 ; major in April, 1766, and was stationed in Boston, but resigned before the Revol., and settled in S.C. He was a member of the Old Congress in 1787 from S.C. ; in 1788 of the convention which framed the Federal Constitu tion, and was a senator from S.C. in 1789-96 and 1802-4. Director in the U.S. Bank. His wife, dau. of Col. Middleton of Charleston, S.C., whom he m. in 1768, d. 1790. Butler, COL. PIERCE M., soldier and statesman, b. Edgefield dist., S.C., April 11, 1798; killed Aug. 20, 1847, in battle of Churu- busco, Mexico. Son of Gen. Wm. Butler, and bro. of Senator A. P. Butler. Lieut. 4th Inf., Aug. 13, 1819; capt. Dec. 1825; resigned Oct. 1, 1829 ; became cashier and subsequently pres. of the State Bank at Columbia ; lieut.- col. of Goodwin s mounted vols. in Fla. war, Feb. 17, 1836; gov. of S.C. 1836-8; U.S. agent for the Cherokees west of the Mpi. ; re moved by Mr. Polk, who app. him to treat with the Comanche Indians ; made col. of the Palmetto regt. in the Mexican war, Dec. 22, 1846, in com. of which he was disting. and twice wounded. Butler, RICHARD, major-gen., b. Ireland ; killed Nov. 4, 1791. He came to Arner. before 1760; was made lieut.-col. Pa. line at the begin ning of the war, in the spring of 1777 was lieut.-col. of Morgan s rifle corps, and disting. himself on many occasions. While with Lafay ette s detachment near Williamsburg, Va., June 26, 1781, he attacked Col. Simcoe s rangers, gaining the advantage. He held the rank of col. 9th Pa. regt. at the close of the war ; was agent for Indian affairs in 0., ab. 1787, and in the exped. of St. Clair against the Indians in 1791, com. the right wing, with the rank of maj.-gen.; attacked early in the morning of Nov. 4, he BUT 150 BUT repeatedly charged the enemy, but received several severe wounds, and finally was toma hawked and scalped. Butler, COL. THOMAS, 3d of the Butler bros., b. Pa., 1754, d. N. Orleans, Sept. 7, 1805. In 1776, while studying law with Judge Wilson of Phila., he joined the army, soon ob tained a company; was in almost every action in the Middle States during the Revol., and was wounded. At the Brandy wine, Sept. 11, 1777, he received the thanks of Washington on the field for intrepidity in rallying a retreating detachment. At Monmouth, he received the thanks of Wayne, for defending a defile in the face of a- heavy fire, while Col. Richard But ler s regt. withdrew. After the war, he retired to a farm, but in 1791 was made major, com. a batt. from Carlisle in Gibson s regt., under St. Clair, at whose defeat, Nov. 4, he was twice wounded. His leg had been broken by a ball. Hi elder bro. Richard was killed, and he was with difficulty removed by his surviving bro. Edward. Maj. 4th sub legion, April 11,1 792 ; lieut.-col. com. July 1, 1794 ; col. 2d Inf., Apr. 1802. WILLIAM, second of the bros., lieut.-col. 4th Pa. regt. Revol. army, made an exped. in Oct. 1778, into the Indian settlements at Una- dilla and Anaguaga, which were destroyed. An account of this exped. was pub. Butler, WILLIAM, lieut.-col. 38th British regt. at Bunker s Hill battle; d. Bristol, Eng., in July, 1796. Butler, GEN. WILLIAM, Revol. soldier and politician, b. Prince William Co., Va., 1759; d. Columbia, S.C., Nov. 15, 1821. Son of James Butler, who, while com. a party of Whigs, was captured and afterward murdered by the notorious Cunningham. Grad. atS.C. Coll. as a student of medicine. He became a lieut. in Lincoln s army in 1779 ; was engaged at Stono, and served in the famous corps of Pulaski until the death of the latter. Butler next joined Gen. Pickens, subsequently served with Gen. Lee, under Greene, at the siege of Ninety-Six, and was detached on several sepa rate services requiring celerity, courage, and vigilance. He at length rose to a command of mounted rangers, and took part in many affairs with the Tories. He was soon after "the war made a brig.-gen., and, in 1796, major-gen, of rnilitia. M.C. 1801-11. He was a member of the convention of 1787 to consider the adop tion of the Federal Constitution, and, with Gen. Su inter and others, voted against it. He was subsequently a member of the convention which passed the present constitution of S.C. ; was for some time a member of the legisl. ; sheriff in 1794, and at one time served as a magistrate. In tba War of 1812, he com. the S.C. troops for Stafi defence. Father of Senator A. P. Butler and Pierce M. Butler. He was large and handsome in person, a bold rider, and had a great passion for horses. Butler, WILLIAM ALLEN, lawyer and poet, b. Albany, N.Y., 1825. U. of N.Y. 1843. He studied law in the office of his father, Hon. B. F. Butler, travelled in Europe from 1846 to 1848, and has since been actively engaged in the practice of law in N.Y. City. He pub. in 1846 a poem, entitled "The Fu ture ; " has contrib. many papers in prose and verse to the Democratic Review, to the ^/t Union Bulletin, The Cities of Art and the Early Artists, and to the Literary World, Out-of~tht- Watj Places in Europe, a few pleasant sketches of travel, and several humorous papers in prose and verse, entitled The Colonel s Club. In 1856, he pub. " Barnum s Parnassus," a vol. similar to the " Rejected Addresses ; " in 1857, the poem of " Nothing to Wear ; " a new poem, entitled "Two Millions," in 1858, and " Martin Van Buren, Lawyer, Statesman, and Man, 1 862. Dui/ckinck. " Butler, GEN. WILLIAM ORLANDO, soldier and politician, b. Jessamine Co., Ky., 1793. Son of Gen. Percival Butler. He was liberally educated, and designed for the bar ; lieut. 2d Inf., Sept. 28, 1812 ; wounded and made pris oner at the River Raisin; afterward served with distinction under Jackson, at New Orleans, and was brev. major, Dec. 23, 1814 ; aide to Jack son, rank of lieut.-col., in 1816-17. He prac tised law in Ky. for the next 25 years ; M.C. 1839-43; Democ. candidate for gov. of Ky. in 1844, and also an unsuccessful candidate for vice-pres. in 1848. Made maj.-gen. of vols. for the Mexican war, June 29, 1846; disting. and wounded in the battle of Monterey, Sept. 21, 1846, for which he was presented by Con gress with a sword ; succeeded Gen. Scott in com. of the army in the Valley of Mexico, in Feb. 1848. App. gov. of Nebr. Terr, by Pres. Pierce, declined. Author of some fugitive poems of merit, among which " The Boatman s Horn " attained popularity. Member of the peace congress in 1861. Butler, COL. ZEBULON, Revol. officer, b. Lyme, Ct., 1731 ; d. Wilkesbarre, Pa., 28 July, 1795. He served in the French war and in the exped. to Havana, and rose to be a capt. in 1761. In 1769, he settled at Wyoming, Pa. ; lieut.-col. Ct. line, serving in N.J., in 1777-8; col. 13 Mar. 1778 ; and 3 July, 1778 com. the weak garrison at Wyoming at the time of the massacre, which he was unable to prevent. He accomp. Sullivan in his Indian exped. in 1779, and served with distinction throughout the war. J\ finer s } Vyoming. Butterfleld, DANIEL, maj.-gen. vols., b. Orieida Co., N.Y., Oct. 1831. Un. Coll. 1849. He was a merchant in N.Y. City, and col. 12th regt. N.Y. rnilitia when the civil war broke out. Accompanying his regt. to Washington in July, he joined Gen. Patterson on the Upper Potomac, and com. a brigade. Lieut.-col. 12th U.S. Inf., May 14, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. Sept. 7, 1861, and assigned to the army corps of Fitz- John Porter, in which he made the campaign of the peninsula. He rook part in the great battles under Pope and McClellan in Aug. and Sept. 1862, and, near the close of Oct., took command of Mo roll s division. Maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862 ; col. 5th Inf., Julyl, 1863 ; com. 5th corps at battle of Fredericksburg, Va. ; chief of staff, Army of the Potomac, at Chan- cellorsville and at Gettysburg, where he was wounded ; ordered to re-enforce Rosecrans s Army of the Cumberland, Oct. 1863; chief of staff to Hooker at Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, and Pea Vine Creek, Ga. ; com. a division of 20th corps at battles of Buz zard s Roost, Resaca, Dallas, New BUT 151 Church, Kenesaw, and Lost Mountain, Ga., and brev. brig, and maj. gen. for gallant and merit, conduct. Author of " Camp and Out post Duty," 1862. Button, SIR THOMAS, an early English navigator and explorer of the N. E. coast of N. Ainer. He sailed in 1612 with 2 vessels, "The Resolution " and " The Discovery ; " passed through Hudson s Straits, and was the first to reach land on the western coast of the bay, in lat. 62, and named it Carey s Swan s Nest. A river was first named by him Nelson s, after the master of his ship. He wintered there, and during the next summer explored and named several places on the coast of Hudson s Bay, and; advancing to lat. 65, became convinced of the possibility of the north-west passage. He was knighted for his services. Buttrick, COL. JOHN, one of the leaders of the Concord militia on the memorable 19th of April, 1775; d. Concord, May 16, 1791, a. 60. Byfield, NATHANIEL, judge, b. Long Dit- ten, Surry, Eng., 1653 ; d. Boston, June 6, 1733. Richard his father wag one of the Westminster Assembly divines ; his mother, a sister of Bishop Juxon. He arrived in Boston in 1674, became an eminent merchant, and one of the 4 proprietors and principal settler of the town of Bristol, R.I. He returned to Boston in 1724 ; was speaker of the H. of representa tives ; 38 years judge of the C. C. P. for Bris tol Co., of Suffolk Co., 1730-32; was many years member of the council, and judge of the vice-admiralty in 1704-15 and in 1729. He pub. an account of the late Revolution in N. England, in 1689. Allen. ByleS, MATHER, D.D., Cong, clergyman, and wit, b. Boston, March 15, 1707; d. there July 5, 1788. H. U. 1725. Ord. over the church in Hollis Street, Dec. 20, 1733. He was disting. among his contemporaries for literary taste and for solid learning. He received from the U. of Aberdeen, in 1765, the degree of D.D. The correspondent of Pope and Swift, hQ himself pub. a vol. of miscellaneous poems in 1736. His reputation, however, rests upon his wit, cheerful flow of spirits, and conversa tion. He had, however, just claims to regard as a pulpit orator ; and his pub. sermons evince a fine imagination, great skill and com. of lan guage combined with terseness of expression. He maintained his loyalty during the troubled ante-revol. period in Boston. In Aug. 1776, at the age of 70, his connection with his parish was on this account dissolved. The next year, he was denounced in town-meeting as an ene my to the country, tried, and condemned to imprisonment in a guard-ship, and to subse quent exile. This sentence was afterwards commuted. A sentinel was placed before his door, but was afterwards withdrawn, and finally replaced. Released soon after, he alluded to these changes of treatment, saying that " he had been guarded, regarded, and disregarded." JHis two daughters lived unmarried to a great age, and to the last were stanch loyalists. The last survivor d. Boston, 1837. His son MATH ER, D.D., formerly a Cong, clergyman in Now London, Ct., became an Episcopalian in 1768, was several years rector of Christ Church, Bos ton, left that place with the Tories, and d. rector of a church in St. John s, March 12, 1814. He was a man of learning and ability, and received from Oxford the honorary degree of D.D. H.U. 1751. B.Jan. 12, 1735. Byrd, COL. WILLIAM, a disting. Virginian, b. Westover, March 28, 1674 ; d. Aug. 26, 1744. Born to an ample fortune, and liberally edu cated, having been called to the bar in the Middle Temple, Lond., he became the patron of science and literature in Va. He studied in the Low Countries, visited the court of France, and became a fellow of the Roy. Society. He was long receiver-gen, of the revenue in Va., was thrice agent of the Colony in Eng., and, being 37 years a member, finally became pros, of the council of the Colony. In 1728, he was one of the commissioners for running the bounda ry line between N; C. and Va., and, on his return, caused his notes of the journey to be copied. In 1841, " The Westover Manuscripts " were pub. by Edmund Ruffin. They contain sketches of old Virginia travel, a " Progress to the Mines" in 1732, and a "Journey to the Land of Eden," in 1733. In 1733, he laid out the cities of Richmond and Petersburg, Va. He wrote for the " Philos. Transactions " an account of a negro-boy dappled with white spots. His son, Col. WILLIAM, com. a regt. at Fort Cumberland, in Aug. 1758, and was a member of the council in 1775, but d. soon afterwards. Byrne, ANDREW, D.D., R. C. bishop of Little Rock, Ark., consec. March 10, 1844; d. 1862. Byron, JOHN, navigator, b. Newstead Abbey, 8 Nov. 1723, d. 1786. Son of Wm., 4th Lord Byron, and grandfather of the poet. He entered the navy at an early age, and was a midshipman in "The Wager," in Anson s S. Sea Exped., in 1740, of which he pub. an interesting " Narrative." Made capt. 30 Dec., 1746; rear-adm. 1775 ; sent with a fleet to de molish the fortifications of Louisburg in 1760. Placed in com. of an exped. to the South Sea, he circumnavigated the globe, 21 June, 1764-May, 176G, an account of which is in Hawksworth s Coll. of Voyages. Com. in chief at Newfoundland, 1769. Com. in the West Indies during the Amer. war, and 6 July, 1779, fought a severe battle with D Estaing off Granada, and was promoted to vice-ad m. Gabell, COL. SAMUEL JORDAN, a Revol. officer ; d. Nelson Co., Va., Sept. 4, 1818, a. 61. Eldest son of Wm. C. of Union Hill. He left Wm. and Mary Coll. at the beginning of the war, rose to the rank of lieut.-col. in the Cont. army, and at the fill of Charleston, May 12, 1780, he became a prisoner until the closfe of the war. He was many years a member of the assembly, a member of the Va. convention to ratify the Federal Constitution, and M.C. in 1795-1803. Cabell, COL. WILLIAM, statesman, of Union Hill, Va., b. March, 1730; died early in 1798. Wm., his father, formerly a surgeon in the British navy, came to Va. in 17^0, and settled on James River, where he d. in 1774. The son received a good education, was long a member of the House of Burgesses ; county lieut. ; member of all the conventions before 152 CAJ3 that of May, 1776, in which he was one of the committee to draft a declaration of rights and a plan of government. He was a member of the committee of safety ; charged with the civil and military control of the colony ; a mem ber of the State senate from Amherst district, and was subsequently a member of the house of delegates and of the convention to ratify the Federal Constitution. His brothers Joseph, John, and Nicholas, were all active patriots. Gri(}sby. Cabell, WILLIAM H., son of Nicholas, and nephew of Wra., gov. of Va., 1805-8 ; d. Rich mond, Jan. 17, 1853. He was pres. of the* Court of Appeals after being gov., and 50 years in public life. Cabeza de Vaca (ka-ba -tha da va -kii), ALVAR NUNEZ, a Spaniard, who explored the River La Plata in 1540. Cabot, GEORGE, statesman, b. Salem, Dec. 3, 1752; d. Boston, April 18, 1823. After pass ing two years at H. U., he went to sea for a short time, and then engaged in the mercantile profession, in which ho was very eminent and successful. Before he was 26, he opposed, in the Prov. Congress of Ms., the attempt to es tablish a maximum price for the sale of pro visions ; thus early manifesting his correct views of political economy. Member of the State Const. Conv.. and also of that which ratified the Constitution of the U. S. U. S. senator in 1791-6, becoming one of the confidential friends <*f Washington and Hamilton, to the latter of whom he was an able coadjutor in the forma tion of his financial system. He received, May 3, 1798, the app. of sec. of the navy, which he declined; was in 1808 a member of the council of Ms. ; in 1814 a delegate to the convention which met at Hartford, and was pres. of that body. He was a leader of the Federal party , and exercised great influence upon public opinion. Cabot (kab -ut), JOHN, discoverer of the North-American continent. March 28, 1476, denization was granted him in Venice, after the usual residence of 15 years. In 1495, he resided at Bristol, with his wife, a Venetian, and 3 sons, and as early as 1491 had sent from that city an exped. in search of "Brazil and the Seven Cities." Mar. 5, 1496, John and his 3 sons obtained a patent from Henry VII., au thorizing them to search forislands, provinces, or regions in the eastern, western, or northern seas, and to occupy the territories that might be found, with an exclusive right to their com merce, on paying the king a fifth of all profits. Accompanied by his son Sebastian, he sailed in May, 1497, in a single vessel, 700 leagues west, and June 24, 1497, saw the land, which he reported to have been a part of a continent. A letter of that year states that he sailed 300 leagues along the coast, landed, and planted on the soil the banners of England and Venice. He reached Bristol in Aug., and was favorably re ceived by the king, who granted him special au thority to impress 6 English ships, and to enlist volunteers, Feb. 3, 1498. Of his subsequent ca reer nothing is known. Seethe Venetian Ar chives; tfie Patent granted him 1496; the License 1498 ; a Letter, dated Aug. 23, 1497, from Lorenzo Pasqualiyo, a merchant at London, to his brothers at Venice ; and the Legend on the map of Sebastian Cabot cited in Hakluyt. Cabot, SEBASTIAN, discoverer of the coast line of the U. S. as far south as the Chesa peake, b. ab. 1472 ; d. ab. 1557. Son of the preceding. At the age of 17, Sebastian had acquired skill in mathematics, and had made several voyages. In May, 1497, pursuant to letters-patent obtained from Henry VII., John and Sebastian sailed to the west, discovering, in June, Newfoundland, exploring the coast as far as latitude 67. In May, 1498, with 2 ships, and a large company of vols., from Bristol, he sailed in search of a short north-western passage to China and Japan. He reached the main land of N. A., landed in several places, and saw natives clad in the skins of beasts, and making use of copper. The discoveries of the Cabota were so little valued, that the family suffered the patent granting them the exclusive privi lege of trade to be lost. In 1512, he went to Spain by invitation of King Ferdinand, until whose death, in 1516, he enjoyed honor and emolument. In the reign of Henry VIII., he procured another ship for discovery, and in 1517 attempted a southern passage to the East Indies, in which he failed. He then visited Spain, where he was well treated, and app. pi lot-major by Charles V. He soon after received from a company of merchants the command of an exped. to the Spice Islands, through the recently-discovered Straits of Magellan. In April, 1525, he accordingly sailed from Cadiz to the Canaries and Cape de Verde Islands ; and failing, from the opposition of his crew, in his plan of reaching the Spice Islands, he pro ceeded to the River La Plata, where he discov ered St. Salvador, and erected a fort. He af terwards visited the great River Paraguay, and endeavored for some time to form an establish ment on the Amer. coast; but, disappointed in the expected aid from Spain, he returned home, where he met with an unfavorable reception. He returned to England near the close of 1548. A pension was settled upon him by Edward VI., as grand pilot of England, and he was thenceforward consulted on all questions of navigation; and in 1552, being gov. of the company of merchant-adventurers, he drew up instructions, and procured a license, for an ex ped. to discover a northern passage to the East Indies. He first noticed the variation of the compass ; and, besides the ordinances preserved in Hakluyt, he pub. a large map of the world, and " Navagazione nelle parte Septentrionale." He was also gov. of the Russian company, and was very active in their affairs. The best work on Sebastian Cabot is the Memoir by Richard Biddle, 8vo, 1831. Cabral, PEDRO ALVAREZ DE, the princi pal discoverer of Brazil, b Portugal ; d. ab. 1526. King Emanuel having fitted out an ex ped. to Calicut of 13 ships, Cabral was app. com. in chief. After passing the Canaries, he took a westerly course, resulting in the discov ery of Brazil, of which, Apr. 24, 1500, he took, possession in the name of his king. lie then sailed for India, losing half his fleet in a tem pest, landed at Calicut, and succeeded, after negotiating with the Indian princes, in estab lishing a factory there. 153 CAJL. Cadwalader (cad-wor-a-der), GEORGE, maj.-gen. vols., son of Gen. Thomas, grandson of Gen. John, b. Phila. He studied and prac tised law in Phila., and, on the breaking-out of the Mexican war, was app. brig.-gen. March 3, 1847. Disting. at El Molino, he was brev. maj.-gen. for gallantry at Chapultepec. In 1861, he was app. by the gov. of Pa. maj.-gen. of State vols. ; had com. at Baltimore in May, and was second in com. in the force which moved on Winchester, under Gen. Patterson, in June. Apr. 25, 1862, he was app. maj.-gen. of vols. One of the commission to revise the military laws and regulations, Dec. 17, 1862. His " Services in the Mexican Campaign of 1847" was pub. Phila., 8vo, 1848. Cadwalader, JOHN, gen., son of Dr. Thomas, b. Phila., 1743; d. Shrewsbury, Md., Feb. 10, 1786. He was a member of the Pa. convention in 1775; an active member of the committee of safety, and com., in Phila., "The Silk Stocking Company," of which nearly all the members were app. to commissions in the army. He was afterward made col. of one of the city battalions ; was promoted to brig.-gen., and was intrusted with the com. of the Pa. rniiitia, and co-operated in the attack on the Hessians at Trenton. He took part in the battle of Prince ton, Jan. 3, 1777. He acted with his com. as a vol. at Brandywine, Germantown, and Mon- mouth. In the autumn of 1777, at the request of Washington, he assisted in organizing the militia of the eastern shore of Md. After the disgrace of Gen. Conway, he was called to ac count by Cadwalader for some offensive re marks in reference to Washington. In the duel which followed, Conway was severely wounded. After the war, Gen. Cadwalader removed to Md., and was a member of the legisl. His dau. Fanny, in 180(3, m. D. M. Erskine, after wards Baron Erskine. His grandson, Gen. George Cadwalader, disting. himself in the Mexican war. He pub. a reply to Gen J. Reed s " Remarks," 1783. Cadwalader, COL. LAMBERT, M. C. 1789-91 and 1793-5, b. Trenton, N.J., 1741; d. there Sept, 13, 1823. He com. a Pa. regt. in the Revol. ; assisted in the defence of Fort Washington, Nov. 16, 1776 ; was taken prison er at its capture, and retired to his estates, near Trenton. Member of the Old Congress, 1784-7. Cady, ALBEMARLE, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.H. West Point, 1829. Entering the 6th Inf., he became capt. 7 July, 1838 ; major, 27 Jan. 1853 ; lieut.-col. 7th Inf., 6 June, 1861 ; col. 8th Inf., 20 Oct. 1863; retired, 18 May, 1864 ; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. He served in the Florida war, 1838-42; in the Mexican war, 1846-8; was at the siege of Vera Cruz, battles of Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, and Mo- lino del Rey, where he was wounded, and brev. maj. 8 Sept. 1847 ; and in the Sioux exped. was engaged in action of Blue Water, Dak., 3 Sept. 1855. Cullum. Cahill, REV. DANIEL WILLIAM, D.D., an Irish priest, chemist, astronomer, and pulpit orator, b. Queen s Co., Ireland, 1802 ; d. Bos ton, Oct. 27, 1864. Studied at Carlow Coll., and at Maynooth, where he was ord. Prof, of nat. hist, in Carlow Coll. Author of several pamphlets, and former editor of the Dublin Telegraph, CaineS, GEORGE, reporter of the Supreme Court of N.Y. ; d. Catskill, N.Y., July 10, 1825, a. 54. He pub. "Lex Mercatoria Ameri cana," 1802; "Cases in the Court of Errors," 2 vols., 1805-7; "Forms of the N.Y. Supreme Court," 1808 ; " Summary of the Practice in the N.Y. Sup. Court," 1808; "Cases in the Court for the Trial of Impeachments," &c. 1805-7, 2 vols., 8vo; "N.Y. Sup. Court Re ports," 1803-5, 3 vols., 8vo, 2d ed., 1852. Caldas, FRANCISCO JOSE DE, naturalist, 1. Popayan, N. Granada, 1770; executed by order of "Morillo in 1816. By his own exertions, he acquired the rudiments of astronomy, botany, and medicine, and constructed a ba rometer and sextant, unaided even by books. He accompanied for a time the Spanish explor er, J. C. Mutis. Subsequently he explored the Andes, and the Magdalen River, and in 1804 measured the height of Chimborazo and Tunguragua. After having been nominated director of the observatory at Santa Fe de Bogota, he began to edit, in 1807, the " Semi- nario de la Nueva Granada." He was employed by the Congress of New Granada to complete the flora of Bogota, when the disturbed state of public affairs interrupted the work ; and himself and colleague, Don Losano, were put to death. Caldas, PEREIRA DE SOUZA ANTONIA, a Brazilian poet, b. Rio de Janeiro, 1762; d. 1814. He studied at Coimbra, but, on being consigned to a convent by the Inquisition, took holy orders. His writings were pub. in Paris, 1821, entitled " Poesias sagradas e profanas," with a commentary by Gen. Stockier. A new edition of his poetical works, exclusive of his translations, was brought out in 1836. Calderon de la Barca (FRANCES IN- GLIS), b. Scotland ; m. in 1838 to Don Calderon de la Barca, Spanish minister to the U. S., and subsequently to Mex. ; pub. " Life in Mexico," with a preface by Win. H. Prescott the his torian, in 1843. Caldicott, THOMAS FORD, D.D., Baptist clergyman and author, b. Buckby, Eng., 1803 ; d. Toronto, Canada, July 9, 1869. He emi grated to Canada in 1824 ; removed to Hamil ton, N.Y., in 1831, and preached successively there, at Lockport, at Boston, and at Brooklyn, N.Y., 26 years, writing much for the periodical press during the time. From 1860 till his death, he was pastor of the Bond-st. Church, Toronto. A thorough scholar, an able writer, and an eloquent preacher. Caldwell, CHARLES, M.D., physician and author, b. Caswell Co., N.C., May 14, 1772; d. Louisville, Ky., July 9, 1853. The son of an Irish officer. He first taught school in N.C. ; went to Phila. in 1792 ; studied and practised medicine there ; and, during the yellow-fever of 1793, particularly disting. himself. He was surgeon of a brigade during the " Whiskey Insurrection." In 1810, he filled the chair of natural history in the U. of Pa. ; was prof, of materia medica in Transyl. U. in 1818-37; and in 1837-40 in the Louisville Med. School. He translated Blumenbach s " Elements of Physiology" in 1795; pub. " Malaria," Svo^ CAJL, 154 C-AJL, N.Y., 1831 ; " Unity of the Human Race," 8vo, 1830; edited the Portfolio in 1814; edited " Cullen s Practice of Physic" in 1816, and in 1819 pub. his "Life of Gen. Greene." In 1855, his Autobiography appeared. He pub. " Memoirs of Horace Holley," 1828 ; and " The Roval Foundlings," a Persian tale ; " Medical and Phys. Memoirs," &c., 1801 ; " Medical Theses," &c., 1805 ; and wrote over 200 pieces in various departments of literature and science. He wrote much upon phrenology. A bio graphical sketch was read by Dr. B. H. Coates before the Amer. Phil. Soc. Caldwell, CHARLES HENRY BROMEDG, capt. U.S.N., b. Hingham, Ms., June 11, 1823. Midshipm. Feb. 27, 1838 ; lieut. Sept. 4, 1852 ; com. July 16, 1862; capt. Dec. 12, 1867. With a detachment from " The Vandalia," he defeated a tribe of cannibals at Wega, one of the Fejee Islands, and burned their town, Oct. 11, 1858; com. steamer " Itasca," West Gulf block, squad, at the battle of New Orleans ; at Grand Gulf, Mpi. River, June 10, 1862 ; com. ironclad "Essex," Mpi. squadron, 1862-3; Port Hudson, from March to July, 1863, in com. of " Essex," and mortar flotilla ; com. steamer " Glaucus," N. A. B. squad., 1863-4; steamer "R. R. Cuyler," N. A. B. squad., 1864-5, and present at surrender of Wilming ton. Hamersly. Caldwell, DAVID, D.D. (U. of N.C. 1810), b. Lancaster Co., Pa., Mar. 22, 1725; d. Aug. 25, 1824. N.J.Coll. 1761. He was a house-carpenter until his 25th year; was li censed to preach in 1763; ord. July 6, 1765, and installed pastor of Buffalo and Alamance, Hanover, N.C. He also opened a classical school, which he continued nearly 50 years, and became a skilful and successful physician. Member of the convention which met at Hali fax, Nov. 12, 1776, and of the convention to ratify the Federal Constitution. He retired from the ministry in 1820. See Life, by E. W. Candhers, D.D., 1842. Caldwell, HOWARD H., poet, b. New- bury, S.C., Sept. 20, 1831. S.C. Coll. 1851. Adm. to the bar, 1855; has since practised at Columbia. In 1853, he pub. "Oliatta and other poems." He has contrib. frequently to the periodicals of the South ; and a new vol. of his poems was pub. 1858. Caldwell, JAMES, Presb. minister and Revol. patriot, b. of Scotch parents, Charlotte Co., Va., Apr. 1734; d. Elizabethtown Point, N.J., 24 Nov. 1781. N.J. Coll. 1759. Ord. over the 1st Church at Elizabethtown, Mar. 1762. Eloquent and energetic in arousing a Revol. spirit in the people, he served in the war as chaplain, and afterward as commissary to the N.J. troops ; was the special object of the hatred of the loyalists, and was obliged to remove his family to Connecticut Farms for safety. During the frequent incursions of the enemy, the bell of his church always sounded the alarm, and raised the country. His church was burned ; his wife, Hannah Ogden, whom he had in. in 1763, was deliberately shot at and killed, 8 June, 1780, then her house fired and burnt down ; and he himself was shot by a sen tinel who had been bribed to do the deed. A marble monument at Burlington was dedicated to their memory on the 64th anniversary of his death. His son, JOHN E. of N.Y., was taken to France, and educated by Lafayette. He was a disting. philanthropist, edited the Christian Herald, and founded the Bible Society. Sprague. Caldwell, GEN. JOHN, lieut.-gov. of Ky., 1804; b. Prince Edw. Co., Va. D. Frank fort, Ky., Nov. 9, 1804. He went to Ky. in 1781 ; served in the conflicts with the Indians ; became a maj.-gen of militia ; member of tho State conventions of 1787-8, and of the State senate, 1792-3. Caldwell, JOSEPH, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1816), b. Leamington, N.J., April 21, 1773 ; d. Chapel Hill, N.C., Jan. 24, 1835. N.J. Coll. 1791. At school, he displayed a taste for math ematics, and that diligence and energy which characterized his subsequent career. He stu died for the ministry, taught school, and in 1796 was chosen presiding prof, of the infant U. of N.C., also performing the duties of math ematical prof. Licensed to preach 22 Sept. 1796. In 1804, a presidency was created, to which he was chosen, and which he held until the period of his death. Upon his election to the presidency, he vacated the mathematical chair for that of moral philosophy. In 1824, he visited Europe in order to direct in person the construction of a philosophical apparatus, and to select books for the library. To him N.C. is indebted for various internal improve ments of his suggesting, as well as to his ser vices in the cause of education. He pub. in 1822 a treatise on geometry, and " Letters of Carlton," 1825. Sprague. Caldwell, SAMUEL, gen., maj. of Ky. " levies of 1791 ; " disting. in Wilkinson s ex- ped. against the Indians on the Wabash in Aug. 1791 ; lieut.-col. com. Ky. Vols. 1812, and in Clay s brigade under Gen. Harrison in 1813 ; brig. Ky. Vols. Aug. 1813, and com. a brigade in battle of the Thames, Oct. 5, 1813. Gardner. Calef (or CALFE), ROBERT, merchant of Boston, famous for his opposition to the witch craft persecution of 1692 ; d. ab. 1723. 2d son of Robert of Roxbury, who d. Apr. 13, 1719. Such was the prevalence of the belief which he so powerfully attacked, that, un able to pub. his defence in Boston, it was print ed in London in 1700. Its title, " More Won ders of the Invisible World," wns suggested by Cotton Mather s "Wonders of the Invisi ble World ; " and its plain facts and common- sense arguments contrib., notwithstanding the learned and powerful were its opponents, most essentially to a change of public opinion Dr. Increase Mather, pros, of H. C., ordered the wicked book to be burnt in the coll. yard. The members of the Old North Church pub. a de fence of their pastors, the Mathers, entitled " Remarks upon a Scandalous Book," &c., with the motto, " Truth will come off Conquer or." The complete triumph of Calef turned the satire upon them ; judges and jurors con fessed their errors ; and the people were aston ished, and ashamed of their own follies. Jus tice was, however, withheld from him in his day ; and traces of his unpopularity are discov erable in several proceedings of the town. A GAIL, 155 new edition of his work was printed at Salem in 1796. Calhoun, JOHN CALDWELL, LL.D., states man, b. Abbeville District, S.C.,18 Mar. 1782; d. Washington, B.C., 31 Mar. 1850. Y. C. 1804, with the first honors. Patrick, his fa ther, a native of Ireland, com. a company for frontier defence, and was for 30 years, and until his d. in 1796, a member of the legisl. His mother, Martha Caldwell, was of Scotch- Irish descent. From his boyhood, he was grave, thoughtful, ardent, and persevering. He studied law at Litchfield, began practice in his native district in 1807, took high rank in his profession, and, with a lucrative practice, entered early upon the political arena. He was in the State legisl. in 1808-10; M.C. 1811-17, and influential in procuring the dec laration of war with England in 1812 ; sec. of war in Monroe s cabinet, 16 Dec. 1817-Mar. 1825; vice-pres. of the U.S., 1825-31; U.S. senator, 1831 and 1845-50; sec. of State 1844- 5. As presiding officer of the senate, he was punctual, methodical, and accurate. The pe culiar doctrine of this eminent man, which he honestly entertained and earnestly advocated, was, that the Constitution was a mere treaty, from the conditions of which any State might separate herself if desirable to the inhabitants, the doctrine of " State Rights," as it is called. Calhoun s influence in his own State was so great, that his ultra views of the tariff, nullifi cation, and slavery, controlled the opinions of the majority of his constituents. His collected writings and speeches, edited byR. K. Cralle, with a biography, were pub. in 6 vols., 8vo. His son, Maj. PATRICK, U.S.A., d. Pendleton, S.C., 1 June, 1858, a. 37. Another son, Col. WILLIAM LOWNDES, a planter, d. Abbeville Dist., 19 Sept. 1858, a. 28. Calhoun, JOHN EWING, lawyer and sen ator, b. 1749; d. Pendleton District, S.C., Nov. 26, 1802. N.J. Coll. 1774. While very young, he lost his father, but was taken by his Uncle Patrick, who provided him with an ex cellent education. He studied law, became disting. in the profession, was many years in the legisl. of S.C., and was a U.S. senator in 1801-2. He was on the committee to report a modification of the judiciary system of the U.S., and was an eloquent and independent man. Calhoun, WILLIAM BARRON, LL.D. (Amh. Coll. 1858), b. Boston, Dec. 29, 1795 ; d. Springfield, Ms., Nov. 8, 1865. Y. C. 1814. He studied law with George Bliss of Spring field, and for 40 years was prominent there. Member of the Ms. legisl. 1825-35; speaker, 1834-5; M.C. 1835-43; pres. of the State senate, 1846-7 ; sec. of State of Ms. 1848-51 ; mayor of Springfield, 1859 ; and again member of Ms. legisl. 1861. Many years a contrib. to the Springfield Republican. JOHN, his brother, who while surv.-gen. of Kansas, gained an unenvia ble reputation in the attempt to force the Le- compton Constitution upon the people, d. Oct. 19, 1859. Call, DANIEL D., an eminent lawyer; d. Richmond, Va., May 20, 1840, a. ab. 75. Bro.- in-law of Judge Marshall. He pub. 6 vols. of "Reports of the Va. Court of Appeals," 1790-1818, 2d ed., 1824-33, edited by Joseph Tate. Call, MAJ. RICHARD of Va. Revol. offi cer; fought at Charleston, S.C., May 6, 1780; com. rifle corps in action with Col. Simcoe at " Spencer s Ordinary," Va., June 25, 1781, and served under Lafayette ; made surv.-gen. of Ga., Jan. 1784. Call, RICHARD K., gen., b. Ky. ; d. Talla hassee, Sept. 1862. App. from Ky. lieut. 44th Inf., July 15, 1814 ; brev. capt. Nov. 7, 1814 ; vol. aide to Gen. Jackson, April, 1818, and acting insp.-gen. to the army in the field, May, 4818 ; capt. July, 1818 ; resigned May 1, 1822. Member legisl. council of Fla., Apr. 1822; brig.-gen. W. Fla. militia, Jan. 1823 ; delegate in Congress, 1823-5 ; receiver land office, W. Fla. March, 1825 ; gov. of Fla. and com. of the army against the Seminoles, Dec. 6, 1835, to Dec. 6, 1836; com. in 2d and 3d battles of Wahoo Swamp, Nov. 18 and 21, 1836; U.S. gov. Fla. Terr., 1836-Mar. 1 844 ; maj.-gen. Fla. militia, July 1 to Dec. 8, 1846. Gardner. Calleja (kal-la -ha), DON FELIX DEL REY, COUNT DE CALDERON, a Spanish gen., b. 1 750 ; d. ab. 1821 . After having been treas. of the council of the Indies in Amer., he com. in 1810 at San Luis Potosi, Mexico, when he was ordered to pursue the insurgent Hidalgo, who was advancing on the capital with a large native force. Easily defeating him, he carried Guanaxoato by assault, and Jan. 12, 1812, de feated and mortally wounded him at Guadalax- ara. He gained other advantages, but through his cruelty caused the insurrection to become much more formidable; and, under Morelos, the success was balanced between the two par ties. Calleja was made viceroy, 4 Mar. 1813; ordered Morelos, who had been made prisoner, to be shot, 22 Dec. 1815; was succeeded in his viceroyship in 1817, and, returning to Spain, was made a count. In 1819, he was given the com. of troops destined to act against the in dependents of Paraguay, but was taken pris oner by Riego, and confined in the Isle of Leon, dying soon after recovering his liberty. Callender, JAMES THOMPSON, political writer, b. Scotland ; d. Richmond, Va., July, 1803. He was exiled for pub. his " Political Progress of Britain," Edinb., 1792. Came to Phila., where he pub. the " Political Register," 3 Nov. 1794 to 3 Mar. 1795, 8vo ; "Amer. Annual Register for 1796," 8vo, 1797. He was at one time the friend of Jefferson, but became his enemy and calumniator. The Richmond Recorder, which he edited some years, was noted for its virulent assaults upon the admin istrations of Washington and Jol n Adams. He was drowned while bathing in the James River. Author, also, of " The Prospect before us," and " Sketches of Amer. Hist.," 1798. Callender, JOHN, Baptist minister of Newport, R.I., b. Boston ; d. Jan. 26, 1 748, a. 41. H.U. 1723. He was a nephew of the Rev. Elisha, a Baptist minister of Boston ; was li censed to preach in 1727; was pastor of the Baptist Church in Swansey, Ms., from Aug. 1728 to Feb. 1730, and Oct. 13, 1731 was ord. minister of the second Baptist church in Amer., formed in 1644. His centennial discourse in 1738 is very valuable, and contains much of the 156 CAJL, early history of R. I., especially in ecclesiasti cal "affairs: this was reprinted in 1838, in the Colls. R. I. Hist. Soc., with notes by Dr. El ton. He also pub. sermons on the death of Rev. Mr. Clapp, 1 745, and Rev. Mr. Condy, 1739. His collections relating to the history of the Baptists in this country were used by Mr. Backus. Callieres (deh-ka -leair / ), CHEVALIER Louis HECTOR, DE, b. Torigny, France; d. Montreal, Ca., May 26, 1703. He was a gallant military officer, and came to Canada as a mem ber of the Montreal company. App. gov. of Montreal in 1684, he enclosed the town with palisades. In 1689, he went to France to sug gest a project for the conquest of N. Y., in which, but for its failure, he would have had the chief com. Gov. of Canada from the death of Frontenac, in 1698, until his own death : his ability and valor made him popular in the Colony. He had several negotiations with the Indians, but died in the midst of his labors, and was succeeded by Vaudreuil. He endeav ored to unite all the Indian tribes in a perma nent peace, and to attach them to the French interest. Charlevoix. Calmes, GEN. MARQTJIS, Revol. officer; d. Woodtbrd Co., Ky., Feb. 27, 1834, a. 79. He was a capt. in the Revol., and was disting. at the battle of Monmouth. Made brig.-gen. Ky. Vols., Aug. 31, 1813. He served under Harrison, and com. a brigade at the battle of the Thames. Calvert, BENEDICT, gov. of Md., 1727-32 ; d. June 1, 1732, on his passage toEng. ED WARD HENRY, bro. of Benedict, and pres. of the council, d. Annapolis, Apr. 24, 1730, a. 28. His wife was dau. of the Earl of Litchfield, and sister of the wife of Edward Young the poet. FREDERICK, Baron Baltimore, and last proprietor of Md., succeeded Charles, Lord B., in 1751 ; d. Naples, Sept. 30, 1771, leaving his property in Md. to his son Henry Harford. He pub. a " Tour in the East," &c., 1767. Calvert, SIR GEORGE, the first baron of Baltimore. Founder of the province of Mary land, b. Kipling, in Yorkshire, in 1582 ; d. London, Apr. 15, 1632. He was descended from a Flemish family. Grad. at Oxford in 1597, and, after travelling abroad, entered the service of Robert Cecil, afterwards Earl of Salis bury. He was knighted by JAMES I. in 1617, and made clerk of the privy council, and, in 1619, one of the sees, of State. This post he resigned in 1624 in consequence of having be come a Roman Catholic. Notwithstanding this, he retained the confidence of the king, who in 1625 raised him to the Irish peerage of Baltimore. He had previously obtained a grant of land in the Island of Newfoundland, which he named Avalon, where he was pre vented from making a settlement by the inva sions of the French. Still desirous of forming a settlement in Amer., whither he might retire with his family and friends of the same reli gious principles, he in 1629 visited Va., whose fertility and attractions had been highly laud ed. Meeting with an unwelcome reception on account of his religion, he turned his attention to the territory north of ftie Potomac, and, on his return to Eng., obtained a grant of it from. Charles I. ; but, dying before the patent was completed, it was again drawn in the name of his eldest son Cecil, who succeeded to his honors, and it passed the seals, June 20, 1632. This territory, named in honor of Henrietta Maria, queen -consort of Charles I., was col onized under the patronage of Lord Baltimore, who displayed justice and good faith in his dealings with the Indians, and liberality to re ligious sectaries in his legisl. arrangements, highly creditable to his principles and charac ter. Lord Baltimore wrote some political tracts ; and his speeches in parliament, and let ters of State, have also been pub. See Life of Calvert, by S. F. Streeter. Calvert, GEORGE HENRY, author, b. Bal timore, Md., Jan. 2, 1803. H. U. 1823. His father w.as of the family of the founder of Md. ; and his mother, a lineal descendant of the painter Rubens, was a native of Antwerp. Af ter studying at Gottingen, he edited for several years the Baltimore American. In 1832, he pub. " Illustrations of Phrenology," the first Amer. treatise on the subject; in 1833, "Life of Rob ert Barclay;" in 1836, a metrical version of Schiller s "Don Carlos ; " in 1840, a fragment on " Arnold and Andre ," 2 cantos of " Cabi- ro "a poem, and " Count Julian," a tragedy ; in 1845, a portion of the correspondence of Goethe and Schiller, and, in 1846 and 1852, 2 series of Scenes and Thoughts in Europe ; " in 1856, An Introduction to Social Science;" " The jentlemen," 1863 ; two additional cantos of Cabiro " in 1864; a new edition of his Scenes and Thoughts in Europe," 1865 ; and Comedies," Boston, 12mo, 1856 ; " Thoughts of Joseph Joubert, with a Biog. Notice." Since 1843, he has resided at Newport, R.I., of which city he was mayor in 1853, and was the orator at the celebration of the 40th anni versary of the battle of Lake Erie. He has contrib. to the N. A. Review, Putnam s Monthly, and other literary periodicals. Duijckinck. Calvert, LEONARD, first gov. of Md. ; d. June 9, 1647, a. 41. His bro. Cecil, the pro prietor, sent him to Amer. as superintendent of the colony in 1633. After landing with his company of 200 at Point Comfort, Va., Feb. 24, 1634, he sailed up Chesapeake Bay, Mar. 3, entered the Potomac a distance of 12 leagues, and anchored at an island which he named St. Clement s, of which he took formal possession. Having convinced the natives that his designs were peaceful, he took possession of the territory, giving to the town the name of St. Mary s, and to the creek on which it was situated the name of St. George. The liberal policy of security of property and toleration, upon which its col onization was based, made a Roman-Catholic colony an asylum for those who were driven from N. E. by the persecutions there carried on among Protestants. He experienced much trouble from a settler of Kent Island, Wm. Clayborne, who denied his jurisdiction, and took up arms against him, but who was ultimately driven out of the province. Calvert superin tended the affairs of the colony until the civil war in Eng., when the name of a papist became so obnoxious, that the parliament assumed the govt. of the province, and app. a new <rov. At the restoration, Cecil Calvert recovered his right 157 Cambreling, CHURCHILL C., merchant and M.C., b. Washington, N.C., 1786; d. West Neck, L.I., Apr. 30, 1862. He received an academical education at Newbern, removed in 1 802 to N.Y. City, where he subsequently re sided, and, engaging at an early day in mercan tile pursuits with John Jacob Astor, travelled extensively over the world. He was M.C. from N.Y. from 1821 to 1839, and chairman of the com. of commerce, of ways and means, and of foreign affairs. Of his numerous reports and political pamphlets, that on commerce and navi gation passed through several editions, and was repub. in London. While travelling in Europe in 1 839, he was app. minister to Russia. Mem ber of the State Const. Conv. in 1846. Lan- nian. Cameron, SIR ALAN, a British gen.; d. Fulhiun, Eng., Mar. 9, 1828. He was con cerned with Connolly in 1775 in the plan of arousing and combining the Indian tribes against the Colonists ; was taken prisoner near Hagerstown, Md., and remained for nearly 2 years in the common jail at Phila. In attempt ing to escape from this confinement, Sir Alan had both his ankles shattered and broken; and he never perfectly recovered from the pain ful effects of those injuries. He was subse quently placed upon half-pay as a prov. officer ; but in 1793 he raised the 79th, or Cameron Highlanders, at his own expense. With this regt. as major, and then col. comg., he served in the Netherlands and in the West Indies, and subsequently in the peninsula, where he disting. himself particularly at Talavera and Busaco. Sir Alan was app. maj.-gen. July 25, 1810; after the peace, K.C.B.; and, on the 12th of Aug. 1819, lieut.-gen. Cameron, SIMON, statesman, b. Lancaster Co., Pa., 1799. Left an orphan at 9, he learned the trade of a printer ; worked at Harrisburg and at Washington, D.C., employing his leisure in study. In 1820, he became editor of a news paper at Doylestown, Pa.; in 1822 settled in Harrisburg, editing a journal advocating Gen. Jackson s election to the Presidency, and in 1 832 was pres. of the Middletown bank of Pa. He became pres. of two railroad companies, and adj. -gen. of the State. U.S. senator in 1845-9 and 1857-61. In that body, he voted for Mr. Douglas s proposition to extend the Mo. Compromise line to the Pacific. After the repeal of the Mo. Compromise in 1854, and the attempt to force slavery upon the people of Kansas, he connected himself with the "People s Party" in Pa., and in 1856 voted for Fremont. Mr. Lincoln made him, 4 Mar. 1861 , sec. of war, which post he filled until Jan. 14, 1862, when he resigned, and was app. minister to Russia ; but he soon returned to the U.S., arriving Nov. 8, 1862. Delegate to the Bait, convention, 1864, the Phila. convention of 1866, and was again a U.S. senator for the term ending in 1873. Suc ceeded Mr. Sumncr as chairman of the com. on foreign affairs in Feb. 1871. His brother Col. JAMES, b. Maytown, Pa., Mar. 1, 1801 ; killed at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861, leading a charge of the 79th N.Y. regt. He began life a printer in his bro. s office, and edited the Political Sentinel, 1827. Cammerhof, JOHN FRED K, a Moravian bishop; d. Bethlehem, Pa., Apr. 28, 1751. He came to the U.S. in 1746, visited the establish ment at Shomokin on the Susquehanna in 1 749, and in 1750 went to Onondaga to labor amongst the Iroquois. His was a character of much benevolence, and he was greatly beloved. Loskiel. Campbell, ALEX., D.D., founder of the sect called " Campbellites," b. Antrim Co., Ireland, June, 1786; d. Bethany, Va., 4 Mar. 1866. Educated at the U. of Glasgow, He came to the U.S. in 1809, settled in Washing ton, Pa., and preached at Brush Run in 1810. Originally a Presb., but in 1812 became a Bap tist. With his father Thomas Campbell, he founded several congregations, which united with the Baptists, but protested against all creeds ; and in 1 827 was excluded from fel lowship with the Baptist churches. In 1864, his followers numbered 350,000, mostly in the States of Va., Ky., and Tenn. In 1844, he founded Bethany Coll., of which he was made pres. A history of the sect is in the Christian Baptist and Millennial Harbinger, edited by him in Bethany (1823-63). Including his "De bates," he pub. 52 vols. He was a man of strong intellect, fine scholarship, and great logi cal powers. See Memoir, by Robert Richardson, 2 vols., Phila., 1868. Campbell, SIR ARCHIBALD of Inverneil, a British maj.-gen.; d. Mar. 31,1791. App.capt. 42d regt Oct. 1758; maj. Dec. 1760 ; lieut- col. 7lst in 1775, and was, with a portion of his corps, made prisoner while entering Boston harbor, just after Gen. Howe had departed. Made a subject of retaliation for the cruel treatment of captive American officers, he yet displayed gentleness and humanity towards his foes, while conducting, afterward, active opera tions in the South, where he proved himself a brave and skilful commander. Nor. 27, 1778, he com. an exped. against Savannah, defeated Gen. Robert Howe, and, Dec. 29, captured that city. He captured Augusta, Ga., Jan. 29, 1779; was made col. Dec. 7, 1779 ; M.P. for Stirling, 1774-80 and in 1789; gov. of Madras, 1785-89, and gov. of Jamaica in 1781-4. Campbell, COL. ARTHUR, a Western pio neer, b. Augusta Co., Va., 1742; d. Yellow Creek, Knox Co., Ky., 1815. At the age of fifteen, he was taken by the Indians, and made himself master of their language. Escaping in 1759, he served as guide in an exped. to the Upper Lakes, and was rewarded by govt with 1,000 acres near Louisville, Ky. In 1769, he settled at "The Royal Oak/ on Holstein River; was app. major of militia; was col. of a regt. more than 30 years ; and was engaged in and com. several military expeds., especially that against the Cherokees, in Jan 1781, with whom he made an important treaty. In the spring of 1776, he was elected to the Va. assem bly, and, as a member of the State Const. Conv., took a decided stand against an established church. He was for some years county lieut. of AVashington Co., Va. After 35 years resi dence at Holstein, he removed to Yellow Creek. He m. a sister of Gen. Wm. Campbell, and was the father of Col. John B. Campbell, CHARLES, historian, b. Peters burg, Va., 1807. N. J. Coll. 1825. Son of 158 C^JYI John Wilson Campbell, a bookseller of Pe- tersb. Author of a Hist, of Va., 1813. Has pub. " The Bland Papers," 8vo, 1840 ; " History of Virginia," 8vo, 1859; "Memoir of John Daly Burke," 1868 ; " Genealogy of the Spotswood Family," 1868. Contrib. to the Southern Lit. Messenger from its commencement. Editor of " The ()rderly Book " of Gen. Andrew Lewis in 1776, 4to, 1 860 ;d. Staunton, Va. July 1 1,1876. Campbell, DAVID, gov. of Va., 1836-9; d. Abingdon, Va., March 19, 1859, a. 80. App. major 12th Inf., July 6, 1812 ; lieut.-col. 20th Inf., Mar. 12, 1813; resigned Jan. 28, 1814. Campbell, DUNCAN R., D.D., Baptist clergyman, b. Scotland, ab.1797 ; d. Covington, Ky., Aug. 11, 1865. Graduate of a Scottish university ; soon after came to the U. S. ; preached some years, and after a pastorate at Georgetown, Ky., was pres. of Georgetown Coll. from 1849 until his death. Campbell, GEORGE WASH., statesman, b. Tenn., 1768; d. Nashville, Feb. 17, 1848. N. J. Coll. 1794. M. C. from 1803 to 1809, during the last two years of which period he was chair man of the committee of ways and moans; U.S. senator, 1811-14 and 1815-18; sec. of the treasury from Feb. 9 to Oct. 6, 1814; envoy- extraor. and minister -plenipo. to Russia in 1818-21 ; and at one time judge of the U. S. Dist. Court of Tenn. A commissioner in 1831 to settle the claims on France. Campbell, HUGH F., commodore U. S. N; d. Washington, Nov. 11, 1820. App. master- corn. July 27, 1799; capt. Oct. 16, 1800. Campbell, JACOB, author of "Political Essays," b. R.I. 1760; d. l"8S.Allibone. Campbell, JAMES, jurist, b. Phila., 1813. Son of an Irish emigrant, who gave his chil dren a thorough education. His persevering, energetic, prompt, and inquiring mind soon gave him a high rank among the proverbially acute and eloquent members of the Phila. bar ; and in 1841-50 he was a judge of the C. C. P.; atty.-gen. of the State in 1850-3 ; U. S. post master-gen, in 1853-7. Campbell, JAMES ARCHIBALD, judge U. S. Supreme Court, 1853-61, b. Washington, Ga., June 24, 1811. U. of Ga. 1826. His grandfather was an aide-de-camp to Gen. Greene. Adm. to the bar in Montgomery, Ala., in 1830, and practised with success. He opposed the secession of Ala. ; did all in his power to bring the war to a close in 1864, and in 1865 re sumed practice in N. Orleans. Campbell, JOHN, bookseller, and post master of Boston many years, and until 1718 ; pub., 24 Apr. 1704, the Boston News Letter, the first perman. newsp. issued in N. Amer ; b. Scot land, 1653 ; d. Boston, Mar. 1 728. Some years justice of the peace for Suffolk Co. Drake s Boston, 528, 538. Campbell, JOHN, political writer, b. Edin burgh, Mar. 8, 1708; d. Dec. 28, 1775. Agent of the British Govt. for Ga. from 1755 to his d. Author of a " Concise Hist, of Span. America," 1741; "Lives of the Eng. Admirals," 1744; " New Sugar Islands in the W. Indies," 8vo ; " Trade of Great Britain to America," 4to, 1772; "Political Survey of Great Britain," &c. Campbell, JOHN, a British gen., b. Stra- chur, Scotland; d. early in 1806. He entered the army in June, 1745, as lieut. of London s Highlanders ; served through the Scotch rebel lion ; made the campaign in Flanders in 1747 ; capt. 1 Oct. 1747 ; April 9, 1756, he was app. to the 42d Highlanders ; was wounded in the at tack on Ticonderoga in 1 758 ; major of the 1 7 th Foot, July 11, 1759; lieut.-col. in the army, Feb. 1, 1762, and com. this regt. in the experts, against Martinico and Havana. May 1, 1773, he became lieut.-col. of the 37th Foot ; returned to Amer. in 1776 with his regt , at the outset of theRevol.; was app. maj.-gcn.Feb. 19, 1779 ; col. of his regt. Nov. 2, 1780; and com. the British forces in West Fla., where, after a gal lant defence, he was obliged to surrender Pen- sacola to the Spaniards, May 10, 1781 ; lieut. - gen. Sept. 28, 1 787 ; gen. in the army, Jan. 26, 1797. Campbell, JOHN B., col., b. Ky. ; d. of wounds reed, in the battle of Chippewa, Aug. 28, 1814. Nephew of Col. Campbell of King s Mountain renown. Was app. lieut.-col. 19th Inf., March 12, 1812 ; com. detachment against the Mississinewa Indians, Dec. 1812, for which he was brev. col. ; col. llth Inf., Apr. 9, 1814 ; disting., and severely wounded in battle of Chippewa, July 5, 1814, where he com. the right wing of the army under Scott. Gardner. Campbell, JOHN N., D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1835), Presb. clergyman, b. Phila., March 4, 1798; d. Albany, March 27, 1864. He stud ied theology with Rev. Ezra Stiles ; was for a while at the U. of Pa., and was afterward a teacher of languages in Hamp. Sid. Coll. In May, 1817, he was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Hanover, Va. In 1820, he was chaplain to Congress. After preaching in Pe tersburg, Newbern, and elsewhere, he, in 1823, became the assist, of Dr. Balch of Georgetown, D.C. From 1825 to 1831, he was pastor of the N.Y.-ave. Church in Washington, D.C. ; and from 1831 to his death, he was pastor of the First Presb. Church at Albany. He was for more than 20 years one of the regents of the N.Y. U. He was an eloquent preacher and a vigorous writer. Campbell, JOHN POAGE, M.D., Presb. minister of Chillicothe, 0., b. Aug. Co., Va., 1767; d. near Chillicothe, 4 Nov. 1814. Hamp. Sid. Coll. 1790. Licensed to preach in May, 1792 ; settled in Ky. in 1795. He pub. " Doc trine of Justification Considered," " Strictures on Stone s Letters," 1805; "Vindex,"in an swer to " Stone s Reply," 1806. He left a MS. Hist, of the Western country. Sprague. Campbell, JOHN W., jurist, b. Augusta Co., Va., 23 Feb. 1782 ; d. Delaware, 0., 24 Sept. 1833. His parents removed to Ky. in 1791, and afterward to O. He received a com. school education; was adm. to the bar in 1808; became pros. atty. Adams and Highland Coun ties; member of the legisl. ; M.C. 1817-27, and U.S. dist. judge from 1829 to his d. See Biog. Sketch and Lit. Remains by his widoiv, 8vo, 1838. Campbell, LEWIS D., Democ. politician, b. Franklin, 0., 9 Aug. 1811. He had a lim ited education ; became asst. editor of the Cin cinnati Gazette; studied and practised law; was M.C. 1849-57, and chairman of the com. on 159 CAN ways and means, 1853-5; app. minister to Mexico in Dec. 1865; again M.C. 1871-3. Campbell, P., author of " Travels in N. Amer. in 1791-2," Edinb., 8vo, 1793. Campbell, COL. RICHARD of Va. ; killed at the battle of Eutaw Springs, S.C., Sept 8, 1781. Was commissioned capt. Feb. 19, 1776 ; was a lieut.-col. at the battle of Hobkirk s Hill, and at the siege of Ninety-six. Campbell, COL. ROBERT, Indian fighter, b. Va., 1755; d. near Knoxville, Tenn., Feb. 1832. He displayed great bravery in many conflicts with the Cherokees, and subsequently at the battle of King s Mountain. He was nearly 40 years a magistrate of Washington Co., Va., and in 1825 emigrated to Tenn. Campbell, LORD WILLIAM, gov. of S.C. ; 1774-6; d. Sept. 5, 1778. Youngest son of the 4th Duke of Argyle. Became a capt. in the navy, Aug. 20, 1762"; M.P. in 1764; gov. of Nova Scotia in 1766-73. Entering upon his administration in June, 1775, he was active in fomenting insurrectionary movements favor able to the crown among the border population and the red men. Detected in this practice, and the public military stores having been secured by the people, he fled on board a frigate, and in the following year was mortally wounded on board " The Bristol," during the attack on Fort Moultrie. In May, 1763, he m. Sarah, sister of Ralph Izard, a leading patriot of the Revol. Campbell, GEN. WILLIAM, Revol. offi cer, b. Augusta, Va., 1745; d. Sept. 1781. He received a liberal education. Formed by Nature for a soldier, and was at the battle of Point Pleasant, 1774; was app. a capt. in the first Va. regt. in 1775, but resigned in the latter part of 1776, on account of the breaking-out of an In dian war, which called him home. He was then made lieut-col. of Washington Co. mili tia, and in 1 778, col. With his regt., he marched 200 miles to attack Maj. Ferguson, at King s Mountain, at which battle he com. Oct. 7, 1780; and for his disting. services on this occasion, the legisl. presented him with a sword, horse, and pistols, and named a county after him. His conduct at Guilford drew from Greene and Col. Lee flattering letters, and from the Va. legisl. the rank of brig.-gen. He joined Lafayette to oppose the invasion of Cornwallis, and received the com. of the light infantry and riflemen, but died, after a short but brilliant military career, just before the siege of Yorktown. Va. Hist. Colls. Campbell, WILLIAM B., soldier and pol itician, b. Sumner Co., Tenn., Feb. 1, 1807 ; d. Lebanon, Aug. 19, 1867. He studied law; practised at Carthage, Tenn. in 1830; was elected dist -atty. 4th dist. in 1831, and be came a member of the legisl. in 1835. He was a capt. of vols. during the Creek and Fla. wars; M.C. in 1837-43 ; col. 1st Tenn. Vols. in Mexican war ; com. a brigade, and was dis ting. in the battle of Cerro Gordo, and at Mon terey; was made judge 4th circuit of Tenn. soon after his return, and was in 1851-3 gov. of the State ; chosen judge of the Circuit Court in 1857. In 1861, he canvassed his State in opposition to the secessionists, and June 30, 1862, was made brig^-gen. vols., but, on account of feeble health, resigned 26 Jarn. 1863. Campbell, WILLIAM W., judge, grand son of Col. Samuel ; b. Cherry Valley, N. Y., June 10, 1806. Un. Coll. 1827. Ha studied law with Judge Kent ; commenced practice in N. Y. City in 1831 ; was M. C. in 1845-7 ; then spent a year in Europe; app. in 1849 a justice of the Superior Court of N. Y. City ; served seven years, and was subsequently elected a judge of the State Supreme Court. Author of "Annals of Tryon County, N.Y.," 8vo, 1831 ; new ed., revised, entitled "Border War fare," N. Y., 1 849, 1 2mo ; " Life and Writings of De Witt Clinton," 1849, 8vo; " Sketches of Robin Hood and Capt. Kidd," 12mo, 1853; " Life of Mrs. Grant, Missionary to Persia " 12mo, 1840. Canby, EDWARD RICHARD SPRIGG, brig - gen. U. S.A., b. Ky., ab. 1819. West Point, 1839. Served in the. Florida war, 1839-42; assist, adj.-gen. (rank of capt.) 3 Mar. 1847; disting. at Cerro Gordo ; brev. major for Con- treras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1 847 ; brev. lieut.-col. for gallant conduct at the Belen Gate, Sept. 13, 1847; capt. 2d Inf. June, 1851 ; major 10th Inf. Mar. 3, 1855; col. 19th Inf. May 14, 1861, and brig.-gen. vols. March 31, 1862. He served in the Utah exped. under Gen. A. S. Johnston, and in 1859-60 com. Fort Bridger, Utah. When the civil war began in 1861, he was in New Mexico, and displayed great energy and skill in defending the territory against the confederates. He afterwards served in the war dept. at Washington ; com. the troops in and around N. Y. City at the time of the riots in July, 1863, and resumed his post in the Avar dept. in Nov. 1 863 . 7 May, 1 864, he was made maj .-gen. comg. the district embracing the depts. of the Mo., Ark., and the Gulf. He com. the exped. which captured Mobile, Apr. 12, 1865, and May 4; received the surrender of the rebel Taylor and his army. Brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. Mar. 13, 1865; brig.-gen. U.S.A. July 28, 1866; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. for battle of Valverde, New Mex.; maj.-gen. for Mobile; Nov. 4, 1868, com- 5th military district; Assas. Apr. 11, 1873. Canfield, FRANCESCA ANNA, poetess, b. Phila., 1 803 ; d. 1 823. Dau. of Dr. F. Pascalis, an Ital. physician. She was distinguished for her knowledge of languages, and the excellence of her verses, many of which are in Griswold s Female Poets of America, and in the periodi cals of the day. Allibow. Canfleld, HENRY JUDSON, b. Ct., 1789; d. 1856. Y. C. 1806. Author of "Treatise on Sheep." Contrib. to Ohio Cultivator, Amer. Agriculturist, &c. Allibone. Cannon, CHARLES JAMES, poet, dramatist, and novelist, b. N.Y., of Irish parentage, Nov. 4, 1800 ; d. there Nov. 9, 1860. Among his numer ous works are " Facts, Feelings, and Fancies," " The Poet s Quest," " Mora Carmody," " Fa ther Felix ; poems, dramatic and miscellaneous ; dramas, including the " Oath of Office " and " Tighe Liffbrd." He also compiled a speller and a series of readers. See Brownson s Quar terly/or Oct. 1857 ; Hist. Mag. v. 30. Cannon, JAMES SPENCER, D.D., clergy man of the D. R. Church, b. 1776; d. New Brunswick, N.J., July 25, 1852. Rutg. Coll. 1811. He was for 51 years a trustee, and from 1826 until his death, prof, of metaphysics 160 and the philosophy of the human mind in Rutg. Coll. Author of "Lectures on Chro nology," "Lectures on Pastoral Theology," 8vo, 1853. Cannon, NEWTON, soldier and statesman, b. Guilford Co., N.C., ab. 1781; d. Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 29, 1841. Member State legisl. 1811-12, and State Const. Conv. of 1834. Col. Tenn. Mounted Rifles, Sept. to Dec. 1813, and com. the left in battle of Tallahatchie, Nov. 3, 1813 ; was M.C. from Tenn. from 1814 to 1817 and from 1819 to 1823; was app. by Monroe one of two commissioners to treat with the Chickasaws in 1819; and was gov. of Tenn. from 1835 to 1839. Cannon, WILLIAM, gov. of Del., 1864-5, b. Bridgeville, Del., 1809 ; d. Phila., Mar. 1, 1865. He was some time in the State legisl.; was State treasurer, and member of the peace congress in 1861. Canonicus, a Narragansett chief, uncle of Mumtonomoh, b. ab. 1565; d. June 4, 1647; was the firm friend of the English, especially of Roger Williams. From him, Williams obtained, March 24, 1638, the grant of land for his settlement of the future State of R.I. In 1622, two years after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, Canonicus sent as a challenge a bundle of arrows tied with a snake-skin. The skin was returned filled with powder and ball ; but the peace was unbroken. In 1632-5, there was a war between the Pequots and Nar- ragansetts, about the ownership of land lying between Paucatuck River and Wecapaug Brook. Canonicus, after losing his son, burned his own residence, and all his goods in it. Roger Williams calls him " A wise and peace able prince." During his life, the Narragan- setts, though engaged in wars with other Indians, remained at peace with the whites. Many years after his death, however, under the famous King Philip, they made war on the English, and were exterminated. Capers, WILLIAM, D.D. (Aug. Coll., Ky., 1839), bishop M. E. Church, b. St. Thomas s Parish, S.C., Jan. 26, 1790; d. Anderson, S.C., Jan. 29, 1855. S.C. Coll. 1808. He became a travelling minister in 1808. In 1821, he was app. missionary to the Indians in Western Ga., and travelled extensively throughout the State. He established a mission among the Creek In dians on Flint River in 1822; preached in Charleston from 1825 to 1831, and edited the Wesleyan Journal. In 1828, he was sent to Eng. as the representative of his church at the British conference. In 1835, he was elect ed prof, of the evidences of Christianity in the U. of S.C., and afterwards took charge of the Southern Christian Advocate. For several years, he was one of the gen. missionary secretaries, and in May, 1846, was elected bishop of the southern division, which, at the gen. conference held at N.Y. in 1844, had separated from the northern on the slavery question. He was remarkable for urbanity, elegance of style, and the oratorical finish and force of his pulpit ministrations. Capron, ELISHA S,, counsellor at law, author of " Hist, of California, from its Dis covery to 1854," b. N.Y., 1806. CardOZO, ISAAC N., journalist and politi cal economist, b. Savannah, Ga., June 17, 1786 ; drowned in James River, Va., Aug. 26, 1850. He received a plain English education in Charleston, S C. In 1816, he became edi tor of the Southern Patriot, a free-trade organ in Charleston, becoming sole proprietor in 1823, in which year he was active in establish ing the chamber of commerce. He opposed the tariff act of 1828, but did not adopt ex treme nullification views. In 1845, he sold the Patriot, and soon after established the Evening News, another daily, of which he was commer cial editor. He was a contrib. to the Southern Quarterly Review, and other periodicals, and in 1826 pub. "Notes on Political Economy. Carew, SIR BENJAMIN HALLOWELL, adm. R.N., b. Boston, 1760; d. Beddington Park, Eng,, 2 Sept. 1834. Son of Benj. Hal- lowell, customs commissioner at Boston. En tering the navy at an early age, he became u lieut. in Aug. 1781, capt. 1793, rear-ad m. 1811, and vice-adm. 1819, K.C.B. 1819, K. G.C. 1831. He was with Rodney in the great fight with DeGrasse ; com. a ship of the line under Hotham in the action off the Hieres Islands ; was a vol. on board " The Victory," in the battle of Cape St. Vincent; and, in com. of " The Swiftsure," contrib. essentially to the great victory of the Nile. He was with Hood at the reduction ot St Lucia and Tobago, and with Nelson in the W. Indies. He succeeded to the estates of the Carews on the death of a cousin in 1828. Sabine. Gary, ALICE and PHGSBE, two sisters, poets. Alice was b. Mount Healthy, nearCin- cin., O., Apr. 26, 1820; d. N.Y. City, 12 Feb. 1871. Walter, her emigrant ancestor, settled at Bridgewater, Ms. Her grandfather, a Revol. soldier of Ct., settled after the war in Hamilton Co ., O. Robert her father, one of the first settlers of Cincin., d. 11 Feb. 1866, a. 80. Alice first became known by a series of sketches in the National Era, signed " Patty Lee." The sisters pub. jointly in 1850 a vol. of poems. She pub. a vol. of prose-sketches, " CLovernook," in 1851, a second series in 1853, and a third in 1854 ; " Lyra and other Poems," 1853; " Hagar, a Story of To-day," 1852; " Married, not Mated," 1856 ; a new collection of poems, 1855; "Pictures of Country Life," 1859; "Lyrics and Hymns," 1866; "The Bishop s Son," 1867; " The Lover s Diary," 1867 ; and " Snowberries." In 1852, the sisters removed to N.Y. City. PHCEBE, b. Clover- nook, Sep. 4, 1824 ; like her sister, was a frequent contrib. to periodicals, pub. in 1854 a vol. of poems and parodies, and recently, " Poems of Faith, Hope, and Love." D. 31 July, 1871. Carey, HENRY CHARLES, political econo mist, son of Matthew, b. Phila., Dec. 15, 1793; was brought up a bookseller, becoming a partner in his father s firm in 1814. In 1821, he became the leading partner in the firm of Carey & Lea, the largest publishing-house in the country, and in 1835 withdrew from busi ness to employ his capital in industrial enter prises. Long a student of political economy, and originally a zealous partisan of free trade, he eventually" became a protectionist. He has pub. " Essay on the Rate of Wages." 1835; " The Principles of Political Economy," 3 CA.R 161 vols., 8vo, 1837-40; "The Credit System in France, Great Britain, and the U.S.," 1838 ; " The Past, the Present, and the Future," 1848; "The Harmony of Interests," 1850; " The Slave Trade, Domestic, and Foreign ; " " Letters on International Copyright," 1863 ; " Letters to the President on the Foreign and Domestic Policy of the Union," 1858; "Prin ciples of Social* Science," 3 vols., 8vo, 1858-9 ; " A Series of Letters on Polit. Economy," addressed to W. C. Bryant, 1860, and another series addressed to Hon. Schuyler Colfax, 1865. For several years, he contrib. the leading pa pers in the Plough, the Loom, and the Anvil, some of which were afterwards collected in his " Harmony of Interests." He has also written much on other subjects in the newspapers. Duykinck. Carey, MATTHEW, political writer, pub lisher, and philanthropist, b. Dublin, Ireland, 28 Jan. 1760; d. Phila., 16 Sept. 1839. Ap prenticed to a printer, he in 1779 wrote a pamphlet on the Irish Catholic question, and was obliged to withdraw to France. Return ing in 1780, he pub. the Freeman $ Journal, and, 13 Oct. 1783, began the Volunteer s Journal, for which he was committed to Newgate prison. Restored to liberty, 14 May, 1784, he came to Amer., landed in Phila., 15 Nov., and by the aid of Lafayette, who sent him $400, established the Pennsylvania Herald, 25 Jan. 1785. In a duel with Col. Oswald, 21 Jan. 1786, he re ceived a wound which confined him to his house for 16 months. He was subsequently connected with the Columbian Magazine and the American Museum, and engaged extensively in bookselling and publishing in connection with his sons. He took an active part in chari table enterprises, and every fortnight dispensed food and other necessaries of life to hun dreds of poor widows. In 1793, he founded the Hibernian Society. He pub. a " History of the Yellow Fever of 1793 ; " " Miscellane ous Trifles," 1796; "Amer. Pocket Atlas," 1801 ; " Essays on Polit. Economy," 8vo, 1822 ; "Miscell. Essays," 1830; "The Olive Branch," an attempt to harmonize the Fed eral and Democ. parties, 1814; " Vindicise Hibernica," 1819; and " Philosophy of Com mon Sense ; " " The New Olive Branch," 1820 ; A zealous champion of the " protective system " of American industry, his writings in its favor number 59. He also advocated the system of internal improvements to which Pa. is" so much indebted. In 1833-4, he contrib his Auto biography to the N. E. Magazine. In 1796-8, he had a controversy with Wm. Cobbett, which he closed with " The Porcupiniad, aHudibras- tic Poem," 1799. Carillo (ka-reT-yo), BRAULIO, dictator of Costa Rica, b. Cartago, 1800; assassinated 1845. Member of the Federal Congress of Central Amer., he was afterward elected gov. of Costa Rica, and dictator from 1838 to 1842. His dictatorship was advantageous to the country ; for, while he repressed with a strong hand all revol. tendencies, he devoted the energies of a powerful mind to the promotion of the material interests of the State. He adjusted its foreign debt, built roads and bridges, and, above all, introduced the culture of coffee, 11 now the great staple of the country, and raised it from the poorest to the richest State of Central Amer. He transacted all public affairs with the aid of his wife only. Carleton, GUT (LORD DORCHESTER), a British gen., b. Strabane, Ireland, Sep. 3, 1 724 ; d. 10 Nov. 1808. Entering the Guards at an early age, he became in 1 748 lieut.-col. 72d regt. ; was aide-de-camp to Cumberland in the German campaign of 1757 ; served under Amhcrst at the siege of Louisburg in 1758 ; under Wolfe, at Quebec, as quartermaster-gen, in 1759 ; and was a brig.-gen., and was wounded at the siege of Belleisle. Made a col. in the army in Feb. 1762, he served as quartern! .-gen. in the Havana exped., and was wounded in the successful as sault on the Moro Castle. In 1766, he became lieut.-gov.,andin 1774, gov., of Quebec; in 1772, maj.-gen. and col. 47th Foot; and 29 Aug. 1774, gov.gen. of the Province of Quebec. In Oct, 1775, he attempted to retake Ticonderoga and Crown Point, recently captured by the Amer icans, but was defeated, and himself narrowly escaped capture. Reaching Quebec, he exerted himself successfully in putting it in a state of defence, and, 31 Dec. 1775, repulsed the assault of the Americans, who lost their brave leader, Montgomery. Receiving re-enforcements from Eng., he drove the Americans from the province, and in a naval battle on Lake Champlain, 13 Oct. 1776, totally defeated the flotilla under Arnold. In 1777, he was superseded by Bur- goyne ; in 1778, was made alieut.-gen., and in 1781 was app. com.-in-chief in Amer., where he had the credit of having done all in his power to soften the rigors of war and to conciliate the people. He embarked for Eng., 25 Nov. 1783 ; was created Baron Dorchester, 21 Aug. 1786, and, from 1786 to 1796, was gov. of British N. Amer. ; his administration being marked by mildness and justice. He was succeeded in his- title and estate by his eldest son Thomas. Carleton, HENRY, jurist, b. Va., 1785; d. Phila., Mar. 28, 1863. Y.C. 1806. Origi nally named Henry Carleton Coxe. Removing to Mpi., he established himself in N. Orleans in 1814 ; served as a lieut. under Jackson in the campaign of that year ; practised law, and, with L. Moreau, translated of "Las Siete partidas," a celebrated Spanish code, such portions as were in use La. Made atty . of the east, district of La. in 1832, he was afterward judge of_the Supreme Court, resigning in 1839. He visited Europe several times, and pub. in 1857 a voL on " Liberty and Necessity." Ob. Record, Y. C. Carleton, GEN. JAMES HENRY, b. Me. ; d. San Antonio, Tex., Jan. 7, 1873. Capt. of a co. of Me. riflemen during the boundary dispute with Great Britain in Feb. 1839, and, on its set tlement, was made 2d lieut. 1st U.S. Dragoons. 1st lieut. Mar. 1845, served on Gen. Wool s staff in Mexico; made capt. Feb. 1847, and brev. maj. for gallantry at Buena Vista ; Sept. 7, 1861, made maj. 6th caval. Early in 1862, he raised the vols. known as the " Column from Cal.," and marched with them to the Rio Grande. He was made brig.-gen. vols. Apr. 28, 1862, and ordered to relieve Gen. Canby in com. of the dept. of N. Mexico ; lieut -col. 4th cav. July 31, 1866 ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for merit, services in the war; col. 2d U.S. cav. 162 CLAJR June, 1868. Author of a " History of the Battle of Buena Vista," N.Y., 1848. Carleton, OSGOOD, a teacher of mathe matics and navigation ; d. Litchtield, N.H., in June, 1816. A resident of Ms., he pub. valuable maps of that State and of the district of Me. " The Amer. Navigator," 1*801 ; " The South Amer. Pilot," 1804; "A Map of the U.S.," 1806, and " Practice of Arithmetic," 1810. Carleton, THOMAS, British gen., bro. of Sir Guy ; d. Feb. 2, 1817 a. 85. App. ensign Wolfe s regt., 1755; capt. 1759; brev. maj., 1 773 ; quartermast.-gen. to the army in Canada in Nov. 1775; lieut.-col. 19th, 1776; col. Nov. 20.1782; maj.-gen. 1793; lieut.-gen., 1798; gen. 1803. He had seen service in Germany ; was wounded in the naval contest with Arnold on Lake Champlain in 1776, and was gov. of N. Brunswick in 1783. Philipart. Carlin, THOMAS, gov. of 111., 1838-42, and a pioneer to that State in 1813, b. Ky., 1791 ; d. 4 Feb. 1852. Carlin, WILLIAM P., brev. -maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Greene Co., 111., Nov. 24, 1829. West Point, 1850. Entering the 6th Inf., he took part in the Sioux exped. in March, 1855, under Gen. Harney, and, in the summer of 1857, com. a company in the exped. of Col. Sumner against the Cheyennes, who were de feated at Solomon s Fork, Ks., Aug. 29, 1857. Early in 1858, he joined the Utah exped. under Gen. A. S. Johnston; capt. March 2, 1861 ; Aug. 15, 1861, he took com. of the 38th 111. regt., and, Oct. 21, defeated Jeff. Thompson at Fredericktown, Mo. He com. the district of South-east Mo. till March, 1862, then com. a brigade under Gen. Steele in the exped. into Ark., and joined Pope s army in season to aid in the pursuit of Beauregard from Corinth. He disting. himself in the battle of Perryville, Ky. , Oct. 8, 1862, and at Knob Gap, near Nolens- ville, where he defeated Wharton s rebel cav alry. His brigade bore a prominent part in the battle of Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862, as is shown by its losses in that memorable conflict. He was made brig.-gen. 29 Nov. 1 862 ; was in the Tullahoma campaign, battles of Chicka- mauga, Lookout Mountain, and Mission. Ridge, Ringgold, Buzzard s Roost, Resacca, Kenesaw Mountain, siege and capture of Atlanta ; com. 1st div. 14th corps in Sherman s march to the sea ; brev. coi. for the battle of Jonesboro , Ga., Sept. 1, 1864; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for Bentonville, and brev. maj.-gen. for gallant and merit, services in the field during the Re- belllion. Maj. 16th Inf., 8 Feb. 1 864 ; transfer red to 34th Inf., 21 Sept. 1866. Ciillum. Carlisle, FREDERICK HOWARD, 5th earl of, one of the 3 commissioners sent to Amer. in 1778 to treat with the revolted colonists, b. May, 1748 ; d. Sept. 4, 1825. In the house of peers, he first disting. himself by his recom mendation of conciliatory measures toward the American Colonies. Lord lieut. of Ireland, 1780-2. Uncle and guardian of Lord Byron, and himself a poet of some merit. Carman, CAPT., a brave seaman ; lost at sea on the coast of Spain in Dec. 1645. In Dec. 1642, he sailed from New Haven for the Canaries, and, near the Island of Palma, was attacked by a Turkish pirate-ship of 300 tons, with 200 men and 26 cannon ; he having only 20 men and 7 cannon. The tiller of the Turk was disabled ; and she fell off, leaving 50 men who had boarded Carman s ship. These ho attacked and killed, or forced overboard. He, with others of his men, were wounded; but he lost only one man. Savage s Winth. ii., 124, 239. Carmichael, WILLIAM, diplomatist, b. Md. ; d. early in 1795. A man of fortune, of a disting. family. He was on his way to Amer. in July, 1776, with despatches from Arthur Lee, but was detained at Paris by sickness, and assisted Mr. Deane, our minister, in his corresp. and transaction of business for more than a year. He communicated to the king of Prussia, at Berlin, intelligence concerning Amer. commerce ; assisted the commissioners at Paris ; was a delegate to Congress from Md. in 1778-80; was sec. of legation during Mr. Jay s mission to Spain ; and when the lat ter left Spain, in June, 1782, he remained as charge d affaires, and retained that office ab. 13 years. In March, 1792, Win. Short was joined with him in a commission to negotiate a treaty with Spain ; but the attempt was unsuccessful. His letters are in vol. ix of Sparks s " Dipl. Corresp." Carnahan, JAMES, D.D., LL.D., pres. of the Coll. of N.J. from 1823 to 1854, b. Cum berland Co., Pa., Nov. 15, 1775; d. Newark, N.J., March 2, 1859. N.J. Coll. 1800. At the time of his death, he was one of the trustees of the Coll., and pres. of the board of trustees of Princeton Theol. Sem. D.D. of Ham. Coll. 1821. Carnes, THOMAS P., jurist, b. Md. 1762; d. Milledgeville, Ga., May 8, 1822. Removing to Ga., where he attained high rank as a lawyer, he became successively solicitor-gen., atty.- gen., and judge of the Supreme Court. M.C. 1793-5. Carnochan, JOHN MURRAY, surgeon, b. Savannah, 1817. His father was a native of Scot land, and his mother was descended from Gen. Putnam. After graduating in the high school and U. of Edinburgh, he returned to the U.S., and studied in the office of Dr. Valentine Mott of N.Y. After taking his degree, he again visited Europe, and passed several years in at tendance upon the clinical lectures of Paris, London, and Edinburgh. In 1847, he began practice in N.Y., where his skilful and original operations gained him distinction. In 1851, he was app. surgeon-in-chief of the N.Y. State Immigrant Hospital. In 1852, he performed the operation of amputating the entire lower jaw. In 1854, he exsected the entire ulna, saving the arm, with its functions unimpaired, and subse quently, in another case, successfully removed the entire radius. In 1856, he performed the startling operation of exsecting, for neuralgia, the entire trunk of the 2d branch of the 5th pair of nerves. Amputation at the hip-joint he has frequently performed. In 1851-63, he was prof, of surgery in the N.Y. Med. Coll. He has pub. his lectures on partial amputations of the foot, lithotomy and lithothrity, and also a " Treatise on Congenital Dislocations," 1850; " Contributions to Operative Surgery," and has translated Sedillot s " Treatise on Operative 163 Mtdicine," and Karl Rokitansky s " Pathologi cal Anatomy." Carpenter, BENJAMIN, b. Rehoboth, 1726; d. Guilford, Vt., Mar. 29, 1823. He was a founder of Guilford in 1770, a field-officer of the Revol., member of the first Const. Conv. of Vt., member of the council, and lieut.-gov. in 1778, and one of the council of censors. Carpenter, FRANCIS B., portrait-painter, b. Homer, N.Y. His portrait of David Lea.- vitt was exhibited at the Nat. Acad. in 1852. Besides portraits of several ex-presidents and governors, he has produced "The Emancipa tion Proclamation," the likenesses in which are excellent. His book, " Six Months in the White House," contains valuable personal me moirs of Abraham Lincoln. Tucker man. Carpenter, GEORGE W., merchant and scientist, b. German town, Pa., July 31, 1802 ; d. there June 7, 1860. He was a highly-suc cessful merchant ; was treasurer of the Acad. of Nat. Sciences from 1823; had a choice collection of minerals ; ranked high as a geolo gist, and was a member of many European scientific societies. Author of " Essays on Materia Medica," and " Medical Chest Dis pensatory," and was a contrib. to the Journal of Medical Science. Carpenter, STEPHEN CDLLEN, author, b. Eng. ; d. 1820. Reporter of Hastings s trial. Came to Amer. in 1803. In 1805, he com menced in Charleston, S.C., with Bristed, the Monthly Register, Magazine, and Review of the, U.S. In 1809, he pub. at N.Y. 2 vols of "Memoirs of Jefferson," a decidedly anti-Jef- fersonian work. In 1810 and 11, he edited at Phila. the Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Cen sor, and in 1815 pub. at Phila. 2 vols. of " Se lect Amer. Speeches, with Prefatory Re marks," being a sequel to Dr. Chapman s " Se lect Speeches." He also wrote "D. Campbell s Overland Journey to India," N.Y., 1809-10. Duyckinck. Carr, DABNEY, a member of the Va. house of burgesses; d. Charlottesville, Va., May 16, 1 773, a. 30. He moved and eloquently supported a resolution to app. a committee of corresp. in consequence of British encroachments, which was adopted Mar. 3, 1773. He m. a sister of Jefferson, by whom he is described as a man of sound judgment and inflexible purpose, and of a powerful eloquence. DABNEY his son, b. Apr. 1773, d. Richmond, Va., Jan. 8, 1837. Commenced to practise law at Albemarle ; was chancellor of Winchester dist. from 1811 to 1824, and judge of the Court of Appeals from 1824 to 1837. Carr, DABNEY S., of Baltimore, several years naval officer of that port, and U. S. min ister to Turkey in 1843-9 ; d. Charlottesville, Va., Mar. 24, 1854, a. 51. Carr, EUGENE A., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Erie Co., N.Y., Mar. 20, 1830. West Point, 1850. Entering the mounted rifles, he was for several years engaged in Indian warfare in New Mexico, Texas, and the West. In a skir mish near Diablo Mountain, 10 Oct. 1854, he was severely wounded, and for his gallantry was promoted to 1st lieut. 1st cavalry. In 1858, he was in the Utah exped. ; 11 June, 1858, he was made capt. 1st cav., and in 1861, he was made col. 3d 111. vol. cavalry, and fought under Lyon at Wilson s Creek. At Pea Ridge, he com. a division, and was severely wounded. For his gallantry, he was made brig.-gen. vols., dating from Mar. 7, and assigned a command under Gen. Curtis, in Ark.; July 17, 1862, maj. 5th cavalry. He com. a division in the battles of Port Gibson, 1 May, 1863; Big Black, 17 May ; the assaults on Vicksburg, 19 and 22 May ; at the capture of Little Rock, Ark., Sept. 10, for which he was brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865; and com. the 3d div. of A. J. Smith s corps, and led the assault on Spanish Fort, the key of the defences of Mobile, which was captured Apr. 3, 1G65. For this exploit, he was made brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. Carr, JOSEPH B., brig.-gen. vols., b. Alba ny, N.Y., ab. 1824. Apprenticed to a tobacco nist at Troy, he entered the vol. militia, rose to be col., and, in Apr. 1861, became lieut.-col. 2d N.Y. Vols. Col. in May, 1861, he was or dered to Newport News. During the cam paign of the Chickahominy, he was attached to Gen. Hooker s command, and made brig.- gen. Sept. 7, 1862. He com. the 4th div. Han cock s corps in the Va. campaign of 1864, and was in the battles of the Wilderness. Carr, SIR ROBERT, British commissioner in N. E. ; d. Bristol, Eng., June 1, 1667. He was of Ithall, Northumberland Co. He was app. commis. by Charles II. in 1664, in conjunc tion with Nicolls, Cartwright, and Maverick. Aug. 27, 1664, Nicolls and Carr captured New Amsterdam from the Dutch, and called it New York in honor of the duke, afterwards James II. Carr forced the Swedes and Dutch on the Delaware, into a capitulation, Oct. 1, 1664 ; returned to Boston in Feb. 1665, and, in con junction with his co-adjutors, assumed the principal powers of govt. Carrell, GEORGE ALOYSIUS, D.D., R. C. Bishop of Ky., b. Phila., June 13, 1803 ; d. Covington, Ky., Sept. 25, 1868. Completing theol. studies at Mount St. Mary s, Em- his mettsburg, he was ord. priest in 1829 ; spent several years in Phila. and Wilmington, Del. ; became in 1837 prof in the U. of St. Louis, and pastor of the coll. church of St. Xavier; was rector of the U. in 1845-8 ; pres. of the Purcell Mansion Coll. and St. Xavier Church, Cincinnati, in 1849-53; and Nov. 1, 1853, was consecrated Bishop of Covington. Carrera (kar-ra -ra) JOSE MIGUEL, JUAN JOSE, and Louis, three bros., disting. in the revolutions of Chili. T.he first of these, b. St. Jago, Chili, was a maj. of grenadiers at the beginning of the troubles, and defeated the Spaniards on many occasions. After the bros. had been some time at the head of the revol. govt., they were taken prisoners by the Span iards in 1813, and confined at Taloa, but soon regained their liberty, and also their power, which had been assumed by O Higgins during their confinement. The defeat at Raucagua, in Oct. 1814, compelled the Carreras to quit the country. Juan and Luis were again taken at Mendoza, and, at the instigation of Gen. San Martin, were executed Apr. 8, 1818. Don Jose was also captured after a brave resistance, and, after a partial trial, executed Sept. 1, 1821 164 CAR Carrera, MARTINEZ, ex-pres. of Mexico; d. 11 Apr. 1871. Carrera, RAFAEL ruler of Guatemala, b. Guatemala City, 1814, of mixed Indian and negro blood ; d. Apr. 14, 1865. In 1829, when Morazan was pres., Carrera became a drummer- boy. In 1837, he placed himself at the head of a band of insurgent mountaineers, and in Feb. 1838, occupied the city of Guatemala, with 6,000 Indians, whom he restrained from their anticipated pillage and massacre ; but, an accommodation having taken place, Carrera was sent in an official capacity to Meta, a neighboring district. Apr. 13, 1839, he again entered the capital, and in 1840 he completed the triumph of the disunionistsand State-rights party by the defeat of Gen. Morazan. Ruling first as* gen-in-chief, he was elected, Mar. 21, 1847, pres., and Oct. 19, 1851, pres. for life. In Feb. 1851, with 1,500 men, he defeated the combined forces of San Salvador and Hondu ras. When first elected pres., he did not know how to read and write, but afterward, in some measure, repaired the deficiencies of his educa tion. His govt. was absolute. Men of the Time. Carrier, THOMAS, of remarkable longevity, b. in the west of Eng. ; d. Colchester, Ct.,May 16, 1735, a. 109. He settled in Andover, Ms., and in 1664 m. Martha Allen, who, Aug. 19, 1 692, fell a victim to the witchcraft delusion at Salem. He passed the last 20 years of his life at Colchester, and, shortly before his death, walked 6 miles to see a sick man, and visited his neighbors the very day before he died. Notwithstanding his age, his head was not bald, nor his hair gray. Carrigain, PHILIP, lawyer, b. Concord, N.H., Feb. 20, 1772 ; d. there Mar. 16, 1842. Dartm. Coll. 1794. His father Philip, b. N.Y., 1746, d. Concord, Aug. 1806, was a physician and surgeon of eminence in C. The son practised law successively at Concord, Ep som, Chichester, and again at Concord ; was sec. of State of N. H. 4 years, and also clerk of the senate. He surveyed a great part of N.H., of which he pub. an excellent map in 1816. Carrington, EDWARD, lieut.-col. Revol. army, b. Va., Feb. 11, 1749; d. Richmond, Va.i Oct. 28, 1810. Commissioned lieut.-col. of Harrison s art. regt., Nov. 30, 1776. De tached with a portion of this regt. to the South, he was made prisoner at Charleston. Carring ton was afterward employed by Gates and by Greene, who made him his quartermaster-gen. Aided by capt. Smith of the Md. line, he ex plored the River Dan, and made every prepa ration for Greene to cross it with his army ; then joined him near the Yadkin, and was an active and efficient officer in the memorable re treat to the Dan. He com. the artillery, and did good service at the battle of Hobkirk s Hill, Apr. 24, 1781, and also at Yorktown. M. C. in 1785-6, and was foreman of the jury in Burr s trial for treason. Carrington, COL. PAUL, statesman of the Revol., bro. of Col. Edward, b. Va., Feb. 24, 1733; d. at his seat, Charlotte Co., Va., June 22,1818. Wm. and Mary Coll. Of English de scent, his maternal grandfather and his father had emigrated to Va. by way of Barbadoes, and were both engaged in the exped. of Col. Byrd, in 1736, to fix the boundary -line between Va. and N.C. He studied law in the office of Col. Clem ent Read, clerk of the Co. of Lunenburg, ab. 1748 ; m. his dau. ; commenced practice at 21, and soon rose to eminence. From 1 765 to 1 775, he was a member of the house of burgesses, and voted against the Stamp-act resolutions of Pat rick Henry. He was a member of various con ventions in 1 775-6, and of the committee which reported the Declaration of Rights and the State Constitution. He then took his seat in the house of delegates, from which he passed to the bench of the General Court in May r 1779, and to the Court of Appeals in 1789, in which last he remained until 1811. Member of the committee of safety during the whole of its existence, and, in the Va. convention, voted for the adoption of the Constitution, and was a member of the committee to report amend ments. Three of his sons were in the army, GEORGE ; PAUL, who was at the battle of Guil- ford, a graduate of Wm. and Mary Coll., mem ber of the H. of delegates at 22, afterward in the Va. senate, and judge of the Superior Court, d. Jan. 8, 1816, a. 52 ; and Col. CLEM ENT, who was severely wounded at Eutaw. Griqsby. Carroll, CHARLES, last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, b. Annap olis, Sept. 20, 1737; d. Baltimore, Nov. 14, 1832. Descended from a wealthy Irish Catholic family, who came to Md. during the reign of William and Mary. He was educated at St. Omer s, and at a Jesuit coll. at Rheims, and studied law in France, and at the Temple, Lon don. Returning home in 1764, he soon became noted as an able political writer, and advocate for liberty. He inherited a vast estate, and was considered the richest man in the Colonies. In 1775, he was a member of the first committee of observation established at Annapolis, and a delegate to the prov. convention. In Feb. 1776, he was app. a commissioner with Franklin and Chase, accomp. by Rev. John Can-oil, to visit Canada, and induce the Canadians to unite with the Colonies. A journal of this mission, with a memoir by B. Mayer, was pub. 1845. Returning in June, he labored assiduously in the convention to authorize the Md. delegates in Congress to join in a decl. of indep., which was done June 28. He was a delegate to Con gress from July 4, 1776, until 1778, and an effi cient member of the board of war. In the lat ter part of 1776, he was one of the committee to draft the constitution of Md.; and in Dec. 1776, also in 1781,1786, and 1797, was elected to the State senate. He was a U. S. senator in 1789-91 ; and in 1799-1801 was a commis sioner to settle the boundary-line between Va. and Md. July 4, 1828, when he had passed the patriarchal age of 90, attended by one of the most imposing civic processions ever seen in the U. S., he laid the corner-stone of the Bal timore and Ohio Railroad. In natural saga city, in refinement of taste, and in unaffected and habitual courtesy, he had few equals. Ilia grand-daughter, Miss Caton, afterward Mar chioness of Wellesley, d. Ilamy ton Court Pal ace, Dec. 17, 1853. 165 Carroll, DANIEL, cousin of Charles, b. Md.; d. Washington, D. C., 1849, at a great age. Delegate to the Old Congress, 1780-4. He was a delegate from Md. to the convention which framed the U. S. Constitution ; M. C. in 1789-91, and was in the latter year app. commissioner for surveying the Dist. of Co lumbia. His farm formed the site of the pres ent city of Washington. Carroll, DANIEL LYNN, D.D., Presb. cler gyman, b. Fayette Co., Pa., 10 May, 1797 ; d. Phila., Nov. 23, 1851. Jeff. Coll. 1823. Li censed to preach, 6 Oct. 1826. IXD. of the U. of N. Y, He succeeded Dr. Beecher as the minister of Litchfield (1827-9) ; was in 1829- 35, pastor in Brooklyn ; in 1835-8, pres. of Hanap. Sid. Coll. ; in 1838-44, pastor in Phila,; and afterward sec. of the N. Y. Colonization Society. He pub. 2 vols, of sermons, 1846-7, some addresses, sermons, and tracts. Sprwjue. Carroll, JOHN, D.D., LL.D., cousin of Charles, R. C. bishop of the U. S., b. Upper Maryborough, Md., Jan. 8, 1735; d. Bait., Dee. 3, 1815. Educated at St. Omer s, Liege, and Bruges; ord. a priest in 1769, and became a Jesuit shortly after. In 1770, he accomp. Lord Stourton on a tour through Europe as private tutor, and in 1773, on his return to Bruges, ac cepted a professorship in the coll. After a brief residence in Eng., he returned to Md. in 1775, and entered upon the duties of a parish priest. Apr. 2, 1776, by desire of Congress, he accomp. Dr. Franklin, Charles Carroll, and Samuel Chase, on a mission to Canada. In 1786, at the instance of Dr. Franklin, Mr. Carroll was app. vicar-gen., and fixed his abode in Balti more. In 1789, he was named first R. C. bishop of the U. S., and went to Eng. in the summer of 1790, wliere he was consecrated, Aug. 15. In the same year, he returned to Baltimore, and, as the seat of his episcopal see was established in that city, assumed the title of Bishop of Bal timore. In 1791, he founded St. Mary s Coll., and, in 1804, obtained a charter for Baltimore Coll. Devoid of intolerance, he lived in friend ly communion with persons of other sects. A few years before his d., he was raised to the archiepiscopacy. Carroll, SAMUEL SPRIGG, brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A., b. Washington, D.C. West Point, 1856. Entering the 10th Inf., he became capt. 1 Nov. 1861; col. 8th Ohio Vols., 15 Dec. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols., 12 May, 1864 ; lieut.-col. 21st U. S. Inf., 22 Jan. 1867. He served in West Va., Dec. 1861, to May, 1862; com. a brigade in Shields s division, May-Aug. 1862 ; engaged at Port Republic and Cedar Mountain ; was wounded at the Rapidan, 14 Aug. 1862; com. brigade 3d corps at Fredericksburg; brev. maj. 3 May, 1863, for Chancellorsville, and lieut.-col. 3 July, 1863, for Gettysburg; com. brigade 2d corps, and brev. col. 5 May, 1864, for battle of the Wilderness ; wounded, and brev. brig, -gen., 13 Mar. 1865, for battle of Spottsvlvania (9-13 May, 1864); and brev. maj.- gen. vols., and also of U. S. A , 13 Mar. 1865, for gallant and merit, services during the Re bellion. Outturn. Carroll, GEN. WILLIAM, soldier and statesman, b. Pittsburg, 1788; d. Nashville, Tenn., Mar. 22, 1844. He was engaged in the hardware business in Pittsburg, whence, in 1810, he went to Nashville. Tall, well-formed, and fond of military life, he attracted the at tention of Jackson, by whom he was made capt. and brigade-insp. in his division, Feb. 20, 1813 ; col and insp.-gen. Sept. 1813, to May, 1814. In 1813, he fought a duel with Jesse, brother of Col. Thos. H. Benton. Disting. him self at Euotochopco ; was wounded in the battle of the Horse-shoe Bend of Tallapoosa River, Mar. 27, 1813; maj.-gen. of Tenn. militia, Nov 13, 1814, to May 13, 1815 ; disting. in the de fence of New Orleans, and especially in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815. Gov. of Tenn. in 1821-7 and 1829-35. Carruthers, WILLIAM A., novelist, b. Va., ab. 1800; d. ab. 1850. He was a student of Wash. Coll. in 1818; and in the Knicker bocker Mag. for July, 1838, gives an account of a hazardous ascent of the Natural Bridge, Va. He pub. several works in N.Y., ab. 1834, and removed to Savannah, Ga., where he practised medicine, and wrote for the Maynolia, and other Southern magazines. He pub." The Cavaliers of Virginia," " The Kentuckians in New York, or the Adventures of Three Southerners," " The Knights of the Horse Shoe," Wetump- ka, Ala., 1845, and "Life of Dr. Caldwell." Duyckinck. Carson, CHRISTOPHER, popularly known as " Kit Carson," mountaineer, trapper, and guide, b. Madison Co., Ky., Dec. 24, 1809; d. Fort Lyon, Col. Terr., May 23, 1868. While yet an infant, his family emigrated to Howard Co., Mo. He became a skilful hunter. The early years of his life were passed as a trapper ; and he was for 8 years hunter to Bent s fort. Fremont engaged him as guide in his explora tions. In 1847, Carson was sent to Washing ton, bearer of despatches, and received an app. as lieut. U.S. Rifles. In 1853, he drove 6,500 sheep to Cal., a difficult undertaking, and, on his return to Taos, was app. Indian agent in New Mexico. He was subsequently largely instrumental in bringing about treaties between the U.S. and the Indians. During the late war, he rendered great service to the Union, in New Mexico, Colorado, and the Indian Territory, and was a brev. brig.-gen. At its close, he re sumed his duties as Indian agent. In 1868, he visited Washington with a deputation of the Red men, and made a tour of several of the Northern and Eastern States. Unlike many of his profession, he was a man of remarkable mod esty, and was an excellent judge of the Indian character. See Life by Burdett (Phila., 1869). Carter, JAMES GORDON, educationist, b. Leominster, Ms., Sept. 7,1795; d. Chicago, July 22, 1849. H. U. 1820. He taught school at Leominster until 1830. In 1823, hecontrib. to the Boston Patriot a series of papers subse quently pub. with the title of " Carter s Essays on Popular Education." In 1823, his " Letters to the Hon. William Prescott, on the Free Schools of N.E., with Remarks on the Princi ples of Instruction " first developed the idea of a normal school, or seminary for teachers. In 1824, he edited the U.S. Review, at Boston. In 1830, he assisted in organizing the Amer. Institute of Instruction, of which he was long an active member and officer. His lecture? be- 166 fore that body in 1830-31 are valuable contri butions to its transactions. From 1835 to i840, he was a member of the house or senate ; was chairman of the committee on education, and in 1837 drafted the bill establishing the board of education. Gov. Everett app. him the first member of the board. Author of Geography of Ms., of Middlesex and of Wor cester Counties, 1830, and of N. H., 1831. Carter, NATHANIEL HAZELTINE, author, b. Concord, N.H., Sept. 17, 1787; d. Mar seilles, France, Jan. 2, 1 830. Dart. Coll. 1811. He taught school at Salisbury, N.H., and at Portland, Me.; studied law; and, from 1817 to 1820, was prof.of languages in Dartm. Coll. In 1 820, he became editor and proprietor of the Albany Register, afterward the N. Y. Statesman, a paper of Clintonian politics, and in Jan. 1822 removed to N.Y. City. He made the tour of Europe in 1825-7, and, on his return, pub. " Letters from Europe," 2 vols., 8vo, 1827._ He passed the winter of 1828 in Cuba ; relinquished his paper in 1829, and went to France for his health, and while on shipboard, believing his end near, he wrote the lines entitled " The Closing Scene ; or, The Burial at Sea." His longest poetical piece, entitled " The Pains of Imagination," was delivered at Dartm. Coll. in 1 824. His " Hymn for Christmas " is pre served in " Specimens of American Poetry." Carter, SAMUEL POWHATAN, brig.-gen. vols., b. Elizabethtown, Carter Co., Tenn., Aug. 6, 1819. He was educated at N.J. Coll., and, in Feb. 1840, became midshipman in the navy. From 1851 to 1853, he was assist, in structor of inf. tactics at the naval acad. In 1855, he was made lieut. ; was present at the capture of Vera Cruz, serving on board " The Ohio," and also assisted in the capture of the Carrier forts near Canton, China, in 1856, and was complimented for gallantry on that occa sion. He was ordered again to the Annapolis naval school as assist, instructor of seaman ship, 1858-9. In July, 1861, he was tempora rily transferred to the war dept., for the special duty of organizing troops from East Tenn. He was app. col. 2d Tenn. Vols. ; was acting brigadier at the battle of Mill Spring, and Avas made brig.-gen. May 1, 1862. In Dec. 1862, he com. a cavalry exped. which cut the E.Tenn. Railroad, destroying nearly 100 miles of the track, besides inflicting other damage. He participated in the capture of Knoxvilie, and com. in E. Tenn. in the fall of 1863. He com. a div. under Gen. Schofield in the N.C. cam paign of Mar. 1865. Cartier, SIR. GEORGE ETIENNE, Canadi an lawyer and statesman, descended from Jacques, b. St. Antoine, L.C., 6 Sept. 1814; d. Eng. May 20, 1873. In 1835, he began practice in Montreal ; member of the Canadi an parliament, 1848-61 ; prov. sec. Jan.-May, 1856; atty.-gen. May 24, 1856; leader of the French Canadian conservative party ; prime- minister, Aug. 1858-May, 1862 ; atty.-gen. for Lower Canada, Mar. 1864; delegate to Eng. on the questions of confederation and the inter colonial railway in 1865, and again in 1866. Author of many legislative and judicial re forms. Min. of militia Dom. Govt. 1867-72. Cartier (kar -teea ), JACQUES, a French navigator, b. St. Malo, Dec. 31, 1494 ; d. ab. 1555. The importance of having a "olonv near the fisheries of Newfoundland induced Francis I., after some unsuccessful attempts, to send out Cartier in 1534. He sailed from St. Malo, Apr. 20, with 2 ships of 60 tons, and 122 men. May 10, he saw Bona Vista, on the Is land of Newfoundland ; but, compelled by the ice to steer to the south, he entered a harbor at the distance of 5 leagues, to which he gave the name of St. Catharine. Entering the Straits of Belle Isle, he visited the greater part of the coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and took possession of the country in the name of the king. A bay which he discovered, was, on ac count of the sultry weather experienced in it, named by him de Chaleur; and he explored the great river afterwards called the St. Lawrence, returning home in Sept. A settlement having been determined upon, he received a more ample commission, was assigned 3 vessels, and sailed May 19, 1535. Ascending the St. Law rence, he discovered an island, which he named Bacchus, but which is now called Orleans, in the vicinity of Quebec, and continued his voyage as far as Hochelaga, an Indian settle ment upon an island which he called Monte Royal, now Montreal. He set sail for France in the following May, taking with him 10 of the natives, and arrived in July. In May, 1540, as pilot, with the command of 5 ships under Roberval, commissioned lieut.-gov. of Canada, he sailed on his third expedition, and built a fort which he called Charlesbourg, near the present site of Quebec. On his way to France, in the spring of 1542, he stopped at St. John s, Newfoundland, where he met Ro- berval, who did not accompany him in his voy age, by whom he was ordered to return to Canada; but choosing, rather, to pursue his voyage to France, he sailed out of the harbor privately in the night. After his return from his second voyage, he pub. (1545) "Memoirs of Canada." The journals of the two first jour neys of Cartier are contained in the 32d vol. of Ramusio s Italian Collection (Venice, 1565), also in Lescarbot s " Histoire de la Nouvelle France ; " a description of his 3d journey is in the 3d vol. of Hakluyt s "Principal Naviga tors," &c., 1600. Cartwright, COL. GEORGE, was one of the commissioners to N.E. with Nicolls, Carr, and Maverick, in 1664. When, on their arri val at Boston, the commissioners informed the General Court that they should next day sit and hear a cause against the gov. and company, the court pub. "by sound of trumpet " its clisap- probation of this proceeding, and prohibited all persons from abetting it. The commission ers, finding that they had to deal with men of this stamp, soon departed in displeasure. Cartwright, on his voyage to Eng. in 1665, was taken by the Dutch, and barely escaped with his life. Cartwright, CAPT. GEORGE, author of "A Journal of Transactions and Events during a Residence of nearly 16 Years in Labrador," 3 vols., 1792, Newark; b. Marnham, 1739; d. 1819. In the 7-years war, he served in Germa ny, and attained the rank of capt. Cartwright, MAJOR JOHN, political ro 167 former, b. Eng., Sept. 28, 1740 j d. London, Sept. 23, 1824. He had been an officer in the British navy. In 1774, he attracted notice by advocating the freedom of the Colonies, and, in 1775, pub. a tract, entitled "American Inde pendence the Glory and Interest of Great Bri tain." This publication caused a rupture be tween him and his friend, Lord Howe, whose offer of a com. under him, against the Ameri cans, he had rejected. It advocated a union between the Colonies and the mother-country under separate legislatures, and placed the question on the foundation of natural, inherent right. April 2, 1777, he presented to the king an address, recommending peace with Amer., and proposing the union he had before sug- fested in his letters on Amer. independence, n 1 780, he joined with Dr. Jebb and Granville Shurpe in forming the " Society for Constitu tional Information." His sentiments in favor of liberty subjected him to trial, and the pay ment of a fine, June 1, 1821. He pub. several political tracts, and, in his "Letters on the Slave Trade," favored the making that traffic piracy. His Life and Corresp., by his niece, Frances D. Cartwright, contains a map of his discoveries and explorations in Newfoundland, remarks on the aborigines, corresp. with Thos. Jefferson, c. Carvajal (kar-va-hal ), FRANCIS DE, a Spanish captain, b. ab. 1464; d. 1548. He disting. himself at the battle of Pavia, and at the sack of Rome in 1527; then served in Amer., whither avarice had led him, and con tributed to the victory of Chiapas, which Vaca de Castro, gov. of Peru, obtained over the young Almagro, and, in 1542, became a major- gen. Ranging himself on the side of Gonzales Pizarro, he became the soul of his party. Made prisoner with him in 1548, he was condemned to be hung. He was then 84 years old. Car vajal resembled the other conquerors of the New World, both in valor and cruelty. More than 20,000 Indians whom he had enslaved are said to have given way under the weight of the labor he had heaped upon them. Carvallo (kar-val -yo), MANUEL, lawyer and diplomatist of Chili, b. Santiago, June, 1808. Finishing his education in the National Institute in 1830, he was at once app. chief clerk of the congress of plenipotentaries at San tiago, chief clerk of the state dept., represen tative in Congress, and charged affaires to the U. S. He m. at Washington, returned home in 1835, and became a disting. lawyer. Minis ter to the U. S. in 1846. He has a profound knowledge of the law of nations ; is a member of the committee to reform the Chilian Code ; of the faculty of law and political science of the U. of Chili, and of some foreign societies. His printed legal opinions and arguments form a thick vol. Carver, JOHN, first gov. of Plymouth, b. Eng.; d. Plymouth, Ms., April 5, 1621. He had a good estate in Eng., which he spent in the emigration to Holland and Amer., and was H deacon or elder in Mr. Robinson s church. He had quitted his country for the sake of re- ^ ligion, and had established himself at Leyden, when he was sent to effect a treaty with the Va. Company concerning territory in N. Amer. He obtained a patent in 1619, embarked in " The Mayflower," and, after a dangerous voy age, landed at Plymouth, Dec 21, 1620. Pre vious to their landing, on Nov. 21, the colonists agreed upon and subscribed a written instru ment, by which they formed themselves into a body politic for their better order and preser vation ; and Carver was unanimously elected gov. He managed the affairs of the infant colony with prudence; was a man of great piety, integrity, and firmness of mind; and exhibited great address in his intercourse with the Indi ans, but died soon after landing. Carver, JONATHAN, traveller, b. Stillwater, N.Y., 1732; d. London, Jan. 31, 1780. In the French war, he com. with reputation a company of provincials in the exped. against Canada. In 1763, he undertook to explore the vast territory gained by Great Britain in N. Amer. He ac cordingly left Boston in 1766, and having reached Michilimacinac, the remotest English post, applied to Mr. Rogers, the gov., for an assortment of goods, as presents for the Indians inhabiting the track he intended to pursue. Having received a part of the required supply, with a promise that the remainder should be sent after him at the Falls of St. Anthony, he continued his journey ; but, the remainder of the goods not reaching him, he was under the necessity of returning to Prairie du Chien. Hence, in the beginning of 1767, he directed his steps northward, with a view of finding a communication from the heads of the Missis sippi into Lake Superior. He reached Lake Superior, and returned, after continuing some months on its northern and eastern borders, and exploring the bays and rivers that empty themselves into this large body of water. Soon after his arrival at Boston, in Oct. 1768, up to which time he had travelled near 7,000 miles, he set out for Eng., " to communicate the dis coveries he made, and render them beneficial to that kingdom." On his arrival, he presented a petition to the king, praying fora re-imburse- ment of the sums he had expended ; and, after undergoing an examination by the board of trade, he received permission to publish his papers. His travels were pub. in 1778. The profits he derived from it were, however, in sufficient to relieve his necessities; and, in the winter of 1779, he obtained a subsistence by acting as clerk in a lottery-office. Having sold his name to a historical compilation, which was pub. in 1779, in folio, entitled " The New Universal Traveller," containing an account of all the empires, kingdoms, and states in the known world, he was abandoned by those whose duty it was to support him. In the early part of 1780, he was reduced to a state of extreme destitution, and was carried off by dysentery. The circumstances of his death were made known to the public by the benevo lent Dr. Lettsom, who brought out a new edi tion of his travels, for the benefit of his widow and children, and made such a representation of the author s sufferings, as finally led to ths institution of the Literary Fund. Besides his " Travels," Carver wrote an excellent trea tise on the cultivation of the tobacco-plant. Gary, COL. ARCHIBALD, patriot and states man, b. Va.,ab. 1730; d. Ampthill, Sept. 1786, CAJR 168 CLA.S He early became a member of the H. of bur gesses. In 1764, he served on the committee which reported the address to the king, lords, and commons ; in 1773, he was one of the com mittee of correspondence, and he served with distinction in the convention of 1776. As chair man of the committee of the whole, he reported the resolutions instructing the Va. delegates in Congress to propose independence. Upon the organization of the State govt., he was re turned to the senate, where he presided with great dignity and efficiency until his death. He was descended from Henry, Lord Hunsdon, and at the time of his death was heir-apparent of the barony. He was a man of singular courage and intrepidity, short in stature, but possessed of great personal beauty. Gary, JOHN, colored servant of Washing ton, whom he accomp. in the old French war, at Braddock s defeat, and through the Revol. war ; b. Westmoreland County, Va., Aug. 1729; d. at Washington, June 2, 1843, in his 1 14th year. Gary, LOTT, a Baptist preacher, originally a slave in Va., b. there ab. 1780; d. Monrovia, Nov. 10, 1828. In 1807, he joined a Baptist church in Richmond, Va., made rapid progress in learning, and soon, exhibiting talents of a superior order, became a preacher, and saved a sum sufficient to purchase the freedom of him self and family. He accomp. a colony of emi grants to Liberia in 1821, the existence of which was mainly preserved by his efforts, in appreciation of which, he was in 1825 elected the vice-agent. While engaged with others in making cartridges for an exped. against the natives, who had robbed a neighboring fac tory, a candle was overturned, occasioning an explosion, which caused the death of Gary and seven others. Gary, COL. RICHARD, aide-de-camp to Washington in the Revol., b. Charlestown, Ms., Jan. 13, 1747 ; d. Dec. 13, 1806. H. U. 1763. App. A. D. C., 21 June, 1776. Gary, COL. SIMEON, b. Bridgewater, Ms., Dec. 6, 1719; d. 1802. Capt. in the French war, col. in the Revol., and held many local offices. Casa Irujo de (ka-sae-roo-ho), CARLOS MARIA, MARTINEZ, MARQUIS, a Spanish statesman, b. Cartagena, 1765; d. 1824. From 1795 to 1808, he was minister to the U.S., where he m. a dau. of Gov. Thos. McKean. Plenipo. at the congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818 ; ambassador to Paris in 1821 ; minis ter of foreign affairs, and pres. of the council, 1 823-4. Casal de (da-ka-sal ), MANUEL AYRES, a Portuguese geographer, who emigrated to Bra zil in his youth ; made explorations there, resid ing some time in Rio Janeiro, and d. in Lis bon many years after the publication of his Historical and Geographical Description of Brazil, 1817. Gasas (dalaska-sas), BARTHOLOMEW DE LAS, a philanthropic Spanish missionary, b. Seville, 1474; d. Madrid in 1566. In 1493, he, with his father, accomp. Columbus to the West Indies. 5 years after, he returned to Spain, and entered the ecclesiastical order. He agaiu accomp. Columbus in his second, third. and fourth voyages ; was ordained on his arrivM at St. Domingo in 1510, and, on the conquest of Cuba, settled there, and disting. hims jlf by his humane conduct towards the oppressed na tives, over whom he attained great influence. Besides setting at liberty those who had fallen to his share in the division, he interested him self so much for them, that, in 1516, he went to Spain to lay a statement of their case before King Ferdinand, whose death at that time pre vented any measures for their redress. The regent, Cardinal Ximenes, however, app. a com mission, whom Las Casas accomp. with th j title of " Protector of the Indians." He next ap plied for a grant of an unoccupied tract in order to try his own plan with a new colony. Having obtained this, with 200 persons whom he had persuaded to accompany him, he landed at Porto Rico in 1521, but found an exped. advancing to ravage this very tract, and con vey its inhabitants to Hispaniola as slaves. He endeavored in vain to prevent the threat ened danger, and with a few adherents returned to Hispaniola to solicit succor. During his absence, the natives attacked the colonists with such success, that, in a short time, not a Span iard remained in that part of America. In despair at the failure of his project, Las Casas retired to the Dominican Convent at St. Do mingo, and assumed the habit of the order. While on a mission to Spain in 1542, he com posed his celebrated treatise, "Brevissima Rela tion de la Destruction des Indes," in which he exposed the cruelties practised by the Span iards. His unremitting perseverance at length obtained a new code of laws aud regu lations, by which the natives were greatly relieved. He returned in 1544, at the age of 70, and for the 8th time, to Arner. as Bishop of Chiapa, which office he resigned upon his return to Spain in 1551. He met with diffi culties in the administration of his bishopric, and, having refused the sacraments to those of the colonists who reduced the Indians to sla very, drew upon himself not only the hostility of the planters, but also the disapproval of the church. The charge that he advised the im portation of negro slaves as a substitute for In dians has been completely refuted by M. Gre- goire, says the "Nouuelle Biof/raphie G&itrale." He composed several unpublished works, among which is a "General History of the Indies," which greatly assisted Herrera in his history. All his works display profound learn ing, piety, and sound judgment. Case, AUGUSTUS LUDLOW, commodore U.S.N.,b. Newburgh, N.Y., Feb. 3, 1812 ; mid- shipm. Apr. 1, 1828; lieut. Feb. 25, 1841; commander, Sept. 14, 1855 ; capt. Jan. 2, 1863 , commo. Dec. 8, 1867. He served in the Bra zil squad, and in the W.I., 1828-34 ; in the ex ploring exped., 1838-42. During the Mexican war, 1846-8, he participated in the capture of Vera Cruz, Alvarado, and Tabasco ; after taking possession of Laguna, he took with 25 men, and held for a fortnight, the town of the same name on the Palisada River; com. steamer " Caledonia," Brazil squadron and Paraguay exped., 1859; com. steam-frigate "Minnesota, 1861-2; engaged Forts Clark and Hatteras, Aug. 28, 29, 1861 ; took part in 169 CA.& the battle of Roanoke Island, Feb. 7-8, 1862 ; com. Iroquois N.A. blockad. squad. 1863. He had charge of the blockade of New Inlet, N.C., and was engaged in cutting out the steamer " Kate " from under the batteries at New Inlet. Lighthouse insp. 1867-69; chief of bureau of ordnance, Aug. 10, 1869. Casey, GEN. LEVI, Revol. officer; M.C. 1803-7, b. S.C., 1749; d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 1, 1807. He com. a company, with which be assisted in the assault on Savannah ; was disting. at Rocky Mount, Hanging Rock, Musgrove s, King s Mountain, Fishing Creek, Blackstocks, and the Cowpens, where he per formed services of great importance to Mor gan ; and represented the Newbury dist. in the State legisl. and in Congress. Nat. Intell. Feb. 6, 1807. Casey, SILAS, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. East Greenwich, R.I., July 12, 1807. West Point, 1826. Entering the*2d Inf., he became capt. 1 July, 1839, disting. under Worth in Flor ida war in" 1837-41 ; brev. major for Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847 ; com. and severely wounded while leading stormers at Chapultepec ; and brev. lieut.-col. July, 1848 ; lieut.-col. 9th Inf., March 3, 1855 ; com. and disting. in operations against Indians on Puget s Sound, W.T., 1856 ; col. 4th Inf., Oct. 9, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols., Aug. 31, 1861, and charged with organizing and disciplining the vols. in and near the capital. He was afterward assigned a division in Gen. Keyes s corps of the Army of the Potomac, and, occupying with it the ex treme advance before Richmond, received the first attack of the enemy at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862, for which he was brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A.; maj.-gen. May 31, 1862; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for gallant and merit, services in the Rebellion. Retired July 8, 1868. In 1867, he received the thanks of the R.I. legisl. for his services in the Rebellion, and especially for his bravery, skill, and energy at the battle of Fair Oaks. Author of " System of Infantry Tactics," 2 vols., 1861, and of " In fantry Tactics for Colored Troops," 1863. Cullum. Casilear. J. W., landscape-painter of New York. Engraver and designer for the Amer. Bank Note Co. until 1854. He spent 2 years in Europe in 1840-2, visiting the great galleries of art. In 1857-8, he sketched in Switzerland and Savoy. He excels in lake scenes and in Alpine peaks. Among his best works are " Lake George," " June," " Swiss Lake," " The Four Seasons," and " Chocorua Mountain, N.H." His works evince truth, precision, and delicacy. He m. a N.H. lady in 1867. Cass, LEWIS, statesman, b. Exeter, N.H., 9 Oct. 1782 ; d. Detroit, 17 June, 1866. Son of Jonathan, capt. in Revol. army, who d. Zanesville, O., 14 Aug. 1830, a. 77. At 17, with an academic education, he crossed the Alle- ghany Mountains on foot, studied law, and be gan practice in Zanesville, ab. 1802. Member 0. legisl. at 25 ; marshal of the State in 1807- 13 ; col. 3d 0. regt., which, under Gen. Hull, invaded Canada, and surrendered at Detroit, Aug. 16, 1812 ; app. col. 27th Inf., Feb. 1813 ; brig.-gen. U.S.A., 12 Mar. 1813, and was a vol. aide to Harrison at the battle of the Thames; app. gov. of Michigan Terr., Oct. 1813, and, as superintendent of Indian affairs, negotiated 19 Indian treaties. In 1819-20, ha organized a scientific exploration of the Up per Mpi. Resigning the office of gov. in 1831, he was app., in July, sec. of war by Pres. Jack son ; was minister to France in 1836-42; U.S. senator, 1845-8, and, nominated by the Democ. convention at Baltimore to the presi dency in May, 1848, received 137 electoral votes to 163 for Gen. Taylor, the Whig candi date. Again U.S. senator, 1851-Mar. 1857, he voted for Douglas s Kansas-Nebraska Bill in 1854. Sec. of State to Pres. Buchanan, Mar. 1857-Dec. 1860, resigning on account of the pres. declining to re-enforce the garrison of Fort Sumter. While sec. of war, the policy of removing the Indians to the west of the Mpi., which he strenuously advocated, led to the war with the Seminoles in Florida, who were finally subdued at the cost of much blood and treasure. At the close of his diplomatic career, he attacked the " quintuple treaty," for the suppression of the slave-trade. His criti cisms on the Ashburton Treaty, negotiated by Mr. Webster, then sec. of State, produced a sharp controversy between the two. In his letter to Mr. Nicholson, in Dec. 1847, he op posed the Wilmot Proviso, and questioned the power of Congress to exclude slavery from the Territories. It first enunciated the doc trine of " Popular (Squatter) Sovereignty." He supported the compromise measures of 1850, and favored a compromise in the disunion movement that followed Mr. Lincoln s election. Though approving Buchanan s denial of the existence of any power in the Constitution to coerce a State, he was yet in full sympathy with the national cause during the Rebellion. Author of " France, its King, Court, and Gov ernment," 1840 ; articles upon Indian affairs in the N. A. Review, Nos. 50 and 55, also contrib. to the Southern Lit. Messenger. See Schoolcraft, Life of Cass, 1848; W. L. G. Smith, Life of Cass, 1856. Cassin, JOHN, capt. U.S.N., b. Phila., ab. 1750; d. Charleston, S.C., Mar. 24, 1822. He was app. from the merchant-service a lieut. in the navy, Nov. 13, 1799 ; master, Apr. 2, 1806; post capt. July 3, 1812. He com. the naval forces in the Delaware, for the protec tion of Phila., in the War of 1812. Father of Com. Stephen Cassin, U.S.N. Cassin, JOHN, ornithologist, b. near Ches ter, Pa., Sept. 6, 1813 ; d. Jan. 10, 1869. He removed to Phila. in 1834, and, excepting a few years of mercantile pursuit, devoted himself to ornithology. He contrib. descriptions of new species to the Proceedings and the Journal of the Phila. Acad. of Natural Science, and pub. "Birds of California and Texas," 8vo, con taining descriptions and colored engravings of 50 species not given by Audubon ; a " Sy nopsis of the Birds of N. America," " Ornithol ogy of the U.S. Exploring Exped.," " Ornithol ogy of the Japan Exploring Exped.," " Orni thology of Gilliss s Astronomical Exped. to Chili," and the chapters on rapacious and wad ing Birds in " The Ornithology of the Pacific Railroad Explorations and Surveys." He was CAS 170 CAT of a Quaker family, several of whom have disting. themselves in the naval and military service. Com. John Cassin was his great-un cle. Cassin, STEPHEN, commodore U.S.N., b. Phila., Feb. 16, 1783; d. Georgetown, B.C., Aug. 29, 1857. Son of Capt. John Cassin. Entered the navy as midshipman, Feb. 21, 1800; became a lieut. Feb. 12, 1807 ; master, Sept. 11, 1814; capt. Mar. 3, 1825. Served with distinction in the war with Tripoli ; com. " The Ticonderoga," in Macdonough s victory on Lake Charaplain ; was rewarded by Congress with a gold medal for bravery in that action, and was a terror to the pirates who infested the West Indies, and captured 4 of their ves sels, Sept. 28, 29, 1822. Castilla (kas-teT-ya), RAMON, pres. of Peru; b. Tarapaca, Aug. 31, 1797; d. May 25, 1867. In 1821, Castilla, then a lieut. in the Spanish cavalry, joined the liberating army, and disting. himself. In 1 834, he fought brave ly against Pres. Orbegoso, when the latter be trayed his country to Santa Cruz, pres. of Bolivia. In 1844, he overthrew the dictator Vivanco, for which eminent service he was elected pres. in 1845. Under his administra tion, negroes received equality of rights, Indi ans were freed from oppressive burdens, capi tal punishment was abolished, and freedom of the press secured. At the close of his term, in 1851, he was succeeded by Gen. Echenique, but usurped the power in 1855, and was re- elected pres. in Aug. 1858. In 1861, he made an unsuccessful attempt to annex Bolivia. In 1867, he headed an insurrection against Pres. Prado. Castilla was one of the last of the representative men who freed S. Amer. from Spanish rule. Castin (kite-teen 7 ), VINCENT, BARON DE, b. Oleron, France. Was of a noble family ; was well educated; was col. of the king s body guard, and of the regt. of Carignan, which he accomp. to Canada in 1665. Disbanded at the close of the war, he established a trading- house, at Penobscot, now Castine, in 1687, and m. the dau. of Madocawando, a Penobscot chief. During his absence in 1688, his house was pillaged by the English. In 1696, he, with Iberville, led 200 savages against Pemaquid, which he captured. In 1706, he assisted in the defence of Port Royal, and again in 1707, when he was wounded. He was much es teemed by the Indians, and feared by the Eng lish. His son, the Baron de St. Castin, who succeeded him in the com. of the Penobscot Indians, was surprised in Dec. 1721, and car ried prisoner to Boston. He d. on his estate in France. Castries (kas -tre ), ARMAND NICOLAS AUGUSTINE, Due DE, son of the Marshal de Cas tries, and a col. in the Amer. war, where he was known as the Count de Charlus, b. Apr. 1756 ; d. 1842. Col. en second regt. Saintonye; made brig, of cavalry in 1782; received the brevet title of Duke de Castries in 1784. He was deputy to the nat. assembly in 1789, and iefended the monarchy with such energy as occasioned a duel with Charles Lameth. In 1794, he raised a corps of emigrants in the pay 9t Eng., returned to France with Louis XVIII., and was made a peer and lieut.-gen. He was gov. of Rouen when Napoleon returned from Elba, and made strenuous efforts in the cause of royalty. Castro de (da kas -tro), VACA, a Spanish officer, b. at Leon ; d. 1558. He was a judge of the Royal Court at Valladolid, when, in 1540, Charles V. sent him as gov. to Peru, then dis turbed by the rebellion of Almagro. In 1542, a battle was fought at Chupas, in which Al magro was defeated and taken, and, by order of Castro, executed on the spot. Super seded in 1 544, he returned to Spain, where he was several years imprisoned. Prescott s Con quest of Peru. Caswell, ALEXIS, D.D. (B.U. 1841), LL.D. (1865), pres. B.U. since Feb. 1868. B.U. 1822. Prof, of languages Col. Coll., D.C.; prof, of math, and nat. philos. B.U., 1828-50, and of math, and astron., 1850-64. Author of "A Memoir of John Barstow," 1864; b.Taun- ton, Ms., Jan. 29, 1799; d. Prov. Jan. 8, 1877. Caswell, RICHARD, statesman and soldier, b. Md., Aug. 3, 1729; d. Fayetteville, N.C., Nov. 20, 1789. He moved to N.C. in 1746; was for some years employed in the public of fices, and afterward studied and practised law successfully. He was a member of the assem bly from 1754 to 1771 ; speaker of the house in 1770-1, and com. the right wing of Gov. Tryon s forces at the battle of Allamance, May 16, 1771. Identifying himself with the patriots at the breaking-out of the Revol., he was a dele gate to Congress in 1774-5; treasurer of the southern district of N.C., Sept. 1775 ; 3 years pres. of the Prpv. Congress, which framed the State constitution in Nov. 1776, and was gov. of the State during the trying period of 1777-9. Feb. 27, 1776, he com. at the battle of Moore s Creek, defeating a large body of loyalists under Gen. McDonald, who was made prisoner, a victory of great benefit to the patriot cause in N.C., and which earned for him the thanks of Congress and the app. of maj.-gen. for the dis trict of Newbern. In 1780, he led the State troops in the disastrous battle of Camden ; was chosen speaker of the senate, and controller-gen. in 1782; was again gov. in 1784-6; was a delegate to the convention which framed the Federal Constitution in 1787, and in 1789 was elected to the State senate fromDobbs Co., and also a member of the convention which in Nov. ratified the Federal Constitution. When the assembly met, he was chosen speaker, and while presiding, Nov. 5, 1789, was struck with paralysis. He was grand-master of Free Masons in N.C. ; and on his death a funeral oration was delivered by Francois X. Martin. His son William served through the Revol., and was a brig.-gen. of militia in 1781. Catesby, MARK, F.R.S., naturalist, b. Eng., 1679; d. London, Dec. 24, 1749. A taste for natural history, early imbibed, induced him in 1710, after studying the natural sciences in London, to make a voyage to Va., where he was occupied in collecting its various produc tions. He returned to Eng. in 1719, with a rich collection of plants, but at the suggestion of Sir Hans Sloane, and other eminent natu ralists, re-embarked for Amer., with the pro fessed purpose of describing, delineating, and CAT 171 collecting the most curious natural objects in that country, arriving in May, 1722. He re sided chiefly in Carolina, whence he made excursions to Ga., Fla., and the Bahama Is lands, and, on his return to Eng. in 1 726, he prepared for publication, in two vols. folio, " The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands," 1731-48. In this work were found the first descriptions of several plants which are now cultivated in all Euro pean gardens. The figures were etched by himself, from his own paintings ; and the colored copies were executed under his own inspection. Catesby was a fellow of the Roy. Society, to whose transactions he contrib. a paper assert ing the migration of birds, on his own obser vations. A plant of the tetrandrous class has been called, after him, Catesbea, by Gronovius. He wrote " Hortus Brittanno Americanus." Cathcart, WILLIAM SCHAW, Earl, soldier and diplomatist, b. 1755; d. June 16, 1843. Educated at the U. of Glasgow, and designed for the law. Entered the army in June, 1777 ; came to Amer., and served with the 16th dra goons, and afterward as the aide of Gen. T. S. Wilson and Sir Henry Clinton. He served gallantly at the storming of Forts Montgomery and Clinton, and was wounded at Brandywine and at Monmouth. He raised and com. the Caledonian Vols., subsequently known as Tar- leton s British Legion ; maj. 38th Foot, April 13, 1779, and com. that regt. in the actions at Springfield and Elizabethtown, N.J., in June, 1780; served as quartermaster-gen, until the arrival of Gen. Dalrymple ; was present at the siege of Charleston, and returned to Eng. in Oct. ; brig.-gen. in 1793, under Lord Moira, and served under the Duke of York in 1794 ; lieut.-gen. 1801 ; com. in Hanover in 1805 ; was minister to Sweden in 1807, and joined Lord Gambier in the exped. against Copenhagen ; made viscount, Nov. 3, 1807; gen. in 1813; minister to Russia, 1813-14, and created a Bri tish peer, June 18, 1814. He was the represen tative of England in the Congress of Vienna. In April, 1779, he m. the dau. of Andrew Elliot ofN.Y. Cathrall, ISAAC, M.D., physician, b. Phila., 1764; d. Feb. 22, 1819. He studied medicine under Dr. Redman, and in London, Edinburgh, and Paris. Returned home early in 1793, and during the prevalence of yellow-fever in that year (in which he suffered severely with the disease), and in 1797-9, he remained at his post, and even dissected those who d. of the disease. He pub. " Remarks on the Yellow- Fever/ 1794; "Buchan s Domestic Medicine, with Notes," 1797 ; "Memoir on the Analysis of the Black Vomit," 1800, in vol. 5 of the "Trans, of the Amer. Philos. Society," and a pamphlet on the yellow-fever in conjunction with Dr. Currie, in 1802. He was a surgeon of the city almshouse from 1810 to 1816. Thacher. Catlin, GEORGE, artist, and tourist among the Indians, b. Wyoming Valley, Pa., ab. 1796. His father was a lawyer. George studied law in Ct., practised 2 years, and subsequently, though un instructed in the art, became a painter in Phila. In 1832-9, he visited some 48 Indian tribes, painted 200 of the chiefs and warriors. He also visited Fla. and Ark. His letters were pub. in 2 vols., 8vo, with illustra tions, 1841; also "North-American Portfolio of Hunting-Scenes," fol., 25 plates, Lond., 1844; " Notes of 8 Years Travel and Residence in Europe," Lond., 2 vols., 8vo, 1848; " Lifa among the Indians," " Okeepah,"Lond., 1867. His gallery of aboriginal portraits was exhib ited in the principal cities of America and Europe; d. Jersey City, N. J. Dec. 23, 1872. Gatron, JOHN, jurist, b. Wilkesbarre, Va., 1778; d. Nashville, Tenn., 30 May, 1865. With only a common school education, he studied in Tenn., and was adm. to the bar in 1815. He served one campaign, under Gen. Jackson ; became State atty. for his circuit, and removing in 1818 to Nashville, where he sub sequently resided, attained high rank as a chancery lawyer; chosen judge of the State Supreme Court in Dec. 1824; he was chief- justice in 1830-6, and in March, 1837, was made a justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, where his great knowledge of the laws applicable to land-titles rendered him exceedingly useful. In 1860-61, he opposed secession, and was driven from the State, but returned in 1862. His State decisions are in " Yerger s Tenn. Re ports," i.-viii.; his opinions as a national judge, in the later vols. of Peters, the 20 vols. of Howard, and the 2 vols. of Black. Caulkins, FRANCES MANWARING, au thor, b. N. London, Ct., April 26, 1J795 ; d. there Feb. 3, 1869. She taught school in Nor wich and N. London, until 1834, when she adopted literature as a profession, residing in New Haven from 1836 to 1842, and afterward in N. London. She was a contrib. in prose and verse to the N. London papers, and wrote for the Amer. Tract Society ; 6 vols. of " Bible Studies," 1854-9 ; and " Eve and Her Daugh ters," 1861. She was also a contrib. to their American Messenger. Author of a " History of Norwich," 1845, a new and enlarged edition, 1866, 8vo, and "History of New London," 8vo, 1852 and 1860. She was a member of several historical societies. Cavendish, LORD JOHN, a British states man. Son of the 3rd Duke of Devonshire ; d. Dec. 19, 1796. He was one of the lords of the treasury under the ministry of the Marquis of Rockingham. and, in the Amer. war, was a constant opponent of Lord North, whom he succeeded as chancellor of the exchequer in 1782. Cavendish, THOMAS, an eminent p]nglish navigator, b. 1564; d. 1593. He was the son of a gentleman who possessed a good estate at Trimley St. Martin, in Suffolk, which he in herited ; but, having impoverished himself by living at court, he fitted out some vessels for a predatory exped. against the Spanish-American Colonies, with a view to retrieve his affairs. In 1585, he accomp. the exped. under Ralph Lane and Sir R. Grenville, to colonize Va. He sailed from Plymouth with 3 small ships, July 21, 1586, and after having ravaged the western coasts of America, and taken a Spanish vessel of 700 tons, richly laden, he sailed across the South Sea, and returned by way of the Cape of Good Hope to Eng., Sept. 9, 1588 ; having circumnavigated the globe in less tira 172 than any preceding adventurer. The great \vealth, as well as fame, which he acquired from this undertaking, prompted him to engage in another voyage, on which he embarked Aug. 26, 1591. Tempestuous weather, sickness, and other causes, contributed to render the scheme unfortunate; and Cavendish himself died on the coast of Brazil, or on the passage home, from sickness, and grief at his ill success. Au thor of " Voyage to Magellanica in 1586." Cerrachi (cha-rak -kee), GIUSEPPE, an Italian sculptor, and an ardent Republican, guillotined for conspiring against Napoleon, 1801, b. ab. 1760. Came to Phila. in 1791, and executed a noble bust of Washington, also of Alex. Hamilton, and other eminent men. When Bonaparte invaded Italy in 1796, he made a statue of that general. In 1800, hav ing formed with Arena and others a design to assassinate the first consul, he proposed to make another statue ; but his design was de tected. Chabert (sha -bair ), JOSEPH BERNARD, Marquis of, a distinguished navigator, astron omer, and geographer, b. Toulon, Feb. 28, 1724; d. Paris, Dec. 1, 1805. He entered the naval service in 1741 ; was an enthusiastic to pographer, and planned and executed maps of the shores of N. America and the Mediterra nean, especially of Greece; became in 1758 a member of the French Academy, and, during the Arner. war, he disting. himself so highly, that, in 1781, he was made commander of a squadron, and vice-admiral, 1792. Driven by the Revol. to England, he returned to Paris in 1802, when Bonaparte assigned him a pen sion, and, in 1804, app. him to the board of longitude. One of his principal works com prises his observations on the American coast, and is entitled " Voyages sur les Cote s de I Am- rique Septentrionale* Paris, 1753, 4to. Nouv. Biog. Gen. Chalkley, THOMAS, Quaker preacher, b. London, Mar. 3, 1675 ; d. Tortola, one of the Virgin Islands, Sept. 4. 1741. He was pressed on board a man-of-war at the age of 20, but was dismissed, as his principles forbade him to fight. After finishing his apprenticeship to a trade, he travelled and preached in Eng. for a few months, and engaged in the love of the gospel to visit friends in Amer. Landing in Md. in Jan. 1698, he travelled one year, visiting N. Eng. and Va., and, after " several good and open meetings in Va.," returned to Eng. After a journey to Ireland, he removed permanently to Amer. Settling his wife in Phila., 1701, he occupied himself in journeys through various parts of the country. In 1707, he again visited Barbadoes ; sailed thence for Eng., and was shipwrecked on the Irish coast. Upon leaving Ireland, he journeyed through Great Britain, and, after a visit to Holland and Germany, re turned to Phila. His " Journal," which he continued to within a few days of his death, was pub., with a coll. of the author s writings, in Phila. in 1749, reprinted at N.Y. in 1808. By a bequest in his will, he founded the Library of the Friends at Phila. Duyckinck. Chalmers, GEORGE, historical and political writer, b. Fochabers, Scotland, 1742 ; d. in London, May 21, 1825. He was educated at King s Coll., Aberdeen, and a, Edinburgh. In 1763, he accomp. his uncle to Amer. fortht purpose of giving him legal assistance in the recovery of a large tract of land in Md., and practised his profession at Baltimore, where in a few years he acquired an extensive and profit able business. On the breaking-out of the Revol. in 1775, he went to Eng., not one of the least suffering loyalists. Not receiving com pensation for his losses, he applied himself to the preparation of his " Political Annals of the Present United Colonies," pub. in 1780 ; " An Introduction to the History of the Revolt of the Colonies ; " " Estimate of the Comparative Strength of Great Britain during the Present and Four Preceding Reigns," which went through several editions, and was translated into French and German ; and " Opinions on Interesting Subjects of Public Law and Com mercial Policy, arising from American In dependence." In Aug. 1786, he was app. chief clerk of the board of trade ; and, for the next 40 years, continued to pub. a variety of works, of which the principal are " Churchyard Chips concerning Scotland," " Life of Mary, Queen of Scots," and his " Caledonia," which he did not live to complete, but by which alone he will be known to posterity. Under the nom de plume Francis Oldys of the U. of Pa., he pub. " Life of Thos. Paine," Lond. 8vo, 1791-2. Chalmers, LIONEL, M.D., physician, b. Cambleton, in the West of Scotland*, ab. 1715 ; d. 1777. A graduate of the U. of Edinburgh. He came to Carolina when very young, and practised, first in Christ Church Parish, and afterwards in Charleston. In 1754, he wrote " Useful Remarks on Opisthotonos and Te tanus," which were pub. in the first vol. of " The Observations and Inquiries of the Medical Society of London," and in 1767, at Charleston, " An Essay on Fevers." Besides several smaller productions, he also pub. a valuable work illustrative of the weather and diseases of S. C., 2 vols., Lond., 1776. Thacher. Chambers, EZEKIEL F., LL.D. (Y. C. 1833), jurist and statesman, b. Kent Co., Md., Feb. 28, 1788; d. Charlestown, Md., Jan. 30, 1867. Wash. Coll., Md., 1805. Adm. to the Md. bar in 1808. In the War of 1812, he did military duty, and subsequently became brig.- gen. of militia. In 1822, he was elected to the State senate; was a U. S. senator from 1826 to 1835, disting. himself as an able debater ; was chief judge of the second judicial dist. and of the Court of Appeals, from 1834 to 1851, and was an active member of the State Const. Conv. in 1850. In 1852, ill health compelled him to decline the post of sec. of the navy offered him by Pres. Fillmore. Chambers, GEORGE, LL.D. (Wash. Coll., Pa., 1861), jurist and author,b. Chambersburg, 1786; d. there, Mar. 25, 1866. N. J. Coll. 1804. Grandson of the founder of his native town. Was adm. to the bar in 1807, his talent, energy, and integrity placing him in the front rank of his profession. He was M.C. in 1833- 7. Member of the Pa. Const. Conv., and in 1851 became a judge of the Pa. Supreme Court. He was much interested in the early history of his State, had pub. some of his re 173 searches in his " Tribute to the Scotch-Irish," and had prepared others for the Hist. Society, unfortunately destroyed when the rebels burned Chambersburg. Chambers, JOHN, chief-justice of N.Y., member of the exec, council in 1754, and a commissioner to the Albany Congress, June 14, 1754; d. N.Y., April 10, 1765. Allen. Chambers, JOHN, lawyer, and gov. of Iowa (1841-5), b. N.J., 1779; d. near Paris, Ky., Sept. 21, 1852. At the age of 13, he went to Ky., and located himself in Washington, Mason Co., where he studied and practised law, soon obtaining a lucrative business. In 1813, he became a vol. aide to Gen. Harrison, whose election to the presidency in 1840 he zeal ously promoted. Mr. Chambers was frequent ly a member of the Ky. legisl., and M.C. 1827- 9 and 1835-9. Chamorro, FRUTO, a Central Amer. statesman and gen., b. Guatemala, 1806, elect ed supreme director or pres., 1853 ; d. 1855. Champe, JOHN, a brave Revol. soldier, b. Loudoun Co., Va., 1752; d. Ky., ab. 1798. He is noted for his daring attempt to capture the traitor Arnold, for which duty he was selected by Col. Lee, of whose legion he was sergt. -major. He failed in the attempt in con sequence of the removal of Arnold s quarters on the day designated for his capture. Champlain (sham-plan ), SAMUEL DE, founder and gov. of Quebec, b. of good fami ly, in Brouage, Saintonge, 1567; d. Dec. 25, 1635. He had acquired a high reputation as a skilful officer previous to his employment by De Chaste to make a voyage to Canada, whither he sailed, March 16, 1603, arriving at Tadoussac, May 25. In a light bateau, he ascended the St. Lawrence to the falls of St. Louis, which was the limit of Cartier s discov eries in 1535 ; and, after exploring much of the country along the river, he sailed for France in Aug. On his arrival there in Sept., De Monts engaged him as his pilot in another voy age to the New World. Sailing, March 7, 1 604, he arrived at Acadia, May 6, and selected for settlement a small island, to which De Monts gave the name of " St. Croix." In this voyage, he explored the coast as far as Cape Cod. In 1 608, he was sent on another voyage to Tadous sac, accomp, by Pontgrave. In July, 1608, he laid the foundation of Quebec, and subsequent ly, while engaged in a hostile exped. against the Iroquois, discovered the lake which still bears his name. He again sailed from France in April, 1610, and, in another exped. against the Iroquois, was wounded by an arrow, and soon after returned to France. App. lieut.- gov., with extensive powers, he returned to Amer. in 1612, where he made new discoveries, exploring the Ottawa River, Lakes Huron, and Ontario. He went home to get permis sion to fortify the settlement. He returned with his family, and the title of gov. in 1 620. In July, 1629, he was obliged to capitulate to Sir David Kirk, and was carried to France in an English ship. In 1632, Canada, with Acadia and Cape Breton, being restored to France by treaty, the company of New France resumed all their rights, and app. Champlain gov. His eeal for the propagation of Christianity was very great. A coll. was established at Quebec, in which the children of the savages were trained in habits of civilization, and in the use of the French language. In 1603, he pub. an account of his first voyage, in 4to, and, in 1620, a continuation, in 8vo. In 1632, he pub. an edition of both these in one vol., entitled " Les Voyages a la Nouvelle France Occidentals, et Can ada," 4to. This work comprises a history of New France from the first discoveries of Ver- razani to 1631. The best edition of his works is that pub in 4to, 1640. His " Voyage to the W. Indies and Mexico," 1599-1602 , ed. by N. Shaw, was pub. by the Hakluyt Soc., Lond., 1859. Champlin, CHRISTOPHER GRANT, b. Newport, April 12, 1768 ; d. there March 28, 1840. H.U. 1786. His uncle GEORGE (1738- 1809) was a merchant of Newport, an officer of the Revol.; memb. Cont. Congress, 1785-- 6, and of the convention which adopted the U.S. Constitution. He resided some years in Europe, where a part of his time was passed at the Coll of St. Omer s ; M.C. 1797-1801 ; U.S. senator, 1809-11. Many years pres. of the Bank of R.I. Champlin, STEPHEN, commodore U.S.N., b. S. Kingston, R.I., Nov. 17, 1789; d. Buffa lo, Feb. 20, 1870. His father Stephen was a vol. in the Amer. Revol. His mother, Eliza beth Perry, was an aunt of Com. Perry. At 16, he began a seafaring life, and, at 22, com. a ship out of Norwich. May 22, 1812, he was app. sailing-master in the navy ; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; commander, June 22, 1838; capt. Aug. 4, 1850, and commo. on retired list, July 16, 1862. He first com. a gunboat under Perry at Newport ; was second in com. of " The Asp," in the affairs of Little York and Fort George, U.C. ; and, joining Perry at Lake Erie, took com. of " The Scorpion," in which he did good service at the battle of Sept. 10 ; 1813, captur ing " The Little Belt." Of this battle, in which he fired the first and last guns, he was the last surviving officer. In the following spring, he com. " The Tigris," and, while block ading Mackinac, was attacked at night by an overwhelming force, severely wounded, and made prisoner. In 1816, he "com. " The Por cupine," but performed little subsequent ser vice on account of his wound. He was a resi dent of Buffalo from 1834. Buffalo Coml. Adv., Feb. 21. Champlin, STEPHEN G., brig.-gen. vols ; d. Grand Rapids, Mich., Jan. 29, 1864. He rose from the rank of major to that of brig.- gen. Nov. 29, 1862, was disting. in the princi pal battles of 1862-3, including those of An tie- tarn and Fredericksburg, and was severely wounded at Fair Oaks. Champney, BENJAMIN, landscape-painter, b. N. Ipswich, N.H., Nov. 20, 1817. Came to Boston in 1834, worked in Pendleton s litho graphic establishment in 1837-40; studied and painted at the Louvre Gallery, Paris, in 1841-5 ; then visited Italy with Kensett, and, revisiting Europe in 1847-8, painted a panorama of the Rhine. Since 1853, he has passed his sum mers at N. Conway, where he has a cottage and studio, and has painted many White Mountain views, as well as those of Switzerland, whico 174 are owned in and around Boston. In 1865-6, he again visited Italy and Switzerland. Charnpney, JAMES WELLS, " Champ," painter of genre pictures, b. Boston, July 16, 1843. Apprenticed to a wood-engraver at the age of 16. Enlisted for 9 months in the 45th Ms. Vols. In 63, after return from the war, designed on wood. Teacher in drawing at Dr. Dio Lewis s Sem., at Lexington, for two years. Sailed for Paris, Oct. 16, 1866 ; studied abroad until June 1870. Pupil of Edouard Frere, and of the Fine Arts School in Ant werp. Settled in Boston in Oct. 1870. Has painted, among other pieces " The Roguish " Sister," " Little Boy Shelling Peas," and " Domino-Player." Chanche, JOHN J., D.D., R.C. bishop of Natchez, consec. March 14, 1841 ; d. July 22, 1852. Chandler, ABIEL, a philanthropic mer chant, b. Concord, N.H., Feb. 26, 1777; d. Walpole, N.H., March 22, 1851. H.U. 1806. Occupied until the age of 21 in agricultural labors, and from 1806 to 1817 was a teacher in Salem and Newburyport. For many years, he was engaged in business in Boston, and was well known as a partner in the house of Chan dler, Howard, & Co., retiring in 1845 with a for tune. He bequeathed $1,600, and also the sur plus of his estate, to the N.H. Asylum for the Insane, end $50,000 to Dartm. Coll., for the es tablishment of a scientific school connected with that institution. Chandler, ELIZABETH MARGARET, poet, b. Centre, near Wilmington, Del., Dec. 24, 1807 ; d. Nov. 22, 1834. Dau. of Thomas Chandler, a Quaker farmer; was educated at the Friends school in Phila., and commenced writing verses at an early age. Her poem, "The Slave-Ship," written at 18, gained a prize offered by the Casket, a monthly maga zine. Most of her subsequent productions ap peared in the Genius of Universal Emancipation, an antislavery periodical of Phila. In 1830, she removed to Mich., and settled near the vil lage of Tecumseh, on the River Raisin. In 1836, her poetical works, with a Memoir by Benjamin Lundy, were pub. at Phila. Duyc- kinck. Chandler, GEN. JOHN, b. Monmouth,Ms., 1760; d. Augusta, Me., Sept. 25,1841. Ori ginally a blacksmith, by perseverance and indus try, he became wealthy. Was a counsellor and senator from 1803 to 1805; M. C. 1805-8; brig.-gen. July 8, 1812 ; wounded and made prisoner at Stony Creek, U.C., June 6, 1813 ; and from 1820 to 1829, U.S. senator from Me.; collector of Portland, 1829-37; trustee of Bowd. Coll., sheriff of Kennebec Co., and maj.-gen. of militia. Chandler, JOSEPH R., editor, b. Kings ton, Ms., 1792. He adopted the profession of the law ; was M.C. from Pa., 1849-55 ; and in 1858-61 was minister to Naples. He edited the United-States Gazette in Phila. for many years, and subsequently the Philadelphia North American. He pub. a " Grammar of the Eng lish Language " in 1821, and subsequently a large number of essays and addresses upon lit erary and social topics, and congressional speeches. Chandler, THOMAS BRADBURY, DD (Oxf. U. 1766), Prot.-Epis. clergyman and con troversialist, b. Woodstock, Ct./26 Apr. 1726 d. Elizabethtown, N.J., 17 June, 1790. Y. C 1745. In 1747, he became lay-reader in St. John s Church, Elizabethtown, and, after being ord. in Eng. in 1751, was rector there till his death, excepting in 1775-85,when, being a loy alist, he was in Eng. App. bishop of Nova Scotia, but declined. He was a zealous defend er of Episcopacy, and in 1767 pub. "An Appeal in Behalf of the Church of Eng. in Amcr." This was attacked by Dr. Chauncey, to whom he replied with " The Appeal Defended," and, in 1771, "The Appeal Further Defended." Also author of " A Life of Samuel Johnson," pres. of King s Coll., 12mo, 1805. Channing, EDWARD TYRREL, LL.D. (H.U. 1847), prof, of rhetoric in H. U. U819- 51), b. Newport, R.I., 12 Dec. 1790; d. Cam bridge, Ms., 8 Feb. 1856. Bro. of Rev. Wil liam E. Channing. He studied at H.U., but did not graduate, and opened a law-office in Boston. Editor of the N. Amer. Rev. 1819- 21, and a contrib. until his death. His style was vigorous and pure, his taste severe and critical ; and he excelled in conversation. He delivered the oration in Boston, 4 July, 1817. Author of a Memoir of William Ellery, in Sparks s "Amer. Biog." In 1856, a vol. o"f his lectures was pub. with a memoir, by R. H. Dana, jun. Channing, WALTER, M.D. (U. of Pa.), physician, bro. of W. E. and E. T. Channing, b. Newport, R.I., Apr. 15, 1786. He was at H.U. in 1804-7. Studied medicine under Dr. James Jackson of Boston, and Prof. Barton of Phila. Afterward studied at the U. of Edinburgh, at Guy s and St. Thomas s Hospi tals, London, and began practice in Boston in 1812. Lecturer inl 81 2, and prof, of obstetrics and med. jurisp. in H.U. from 1815 to 1854 ; assist, phys. Ms. Hospital from 1821 to 1840. Dr. C. has been a frequent contrib, to med. and literary periodicals, besides pub. a vol. of "Miscellaneous Poems," 1851; "A Physi cian s Vacation, or a Summer in Europe," 1856; "Etherization in Childbirth," 1848; "Address on the Prevention of Pauperism," 12mo, 1843; "Professional Reminiscences of Foreign Travel," 8vo ; "New and Old," 12 mo, 1851 ; "Reformation of Medical Science," 1851. He has also written many fugitive pieces in prose and verse. His son, WILLIAM ELLERY, (whose wife, ELLEN K., sister of Mar garet Fuller, d. Sept. 22, 1856, a. 36), has pub. "Poems," 1843, 1847, and 1849; "Youth of the Poet and Painter," in "The Dial," 1844; " Conversations in Rome," 1847. Channing, WILLIAM ELLERY, D. D. (H.U. 1820), a Unitarian divine of great celeb rity, b. Newport, R.I., April 7, 178C ; d. Ben. nington, Vt., Oct. 2, 1842. H.U. 1798. Hia father Wm., an eminent lawyer of Newport, d, Oct. 1793, a. 42 : his mother was the dau. of Wm. Ellery, one of the signers of the Decl. of Indep. The influences of the climate and scenery of the island where his boyhood was passed, had no slight influence upon the social and moral attributes of his mind. At the university, he attained the highest honors. CHA. 175 On leaving coll., he spent one year in Rich mond, Va., as a teacher in the family of David "M. Randolph. Returning from the South in feeble health, in 1802, he went through a course of theol. study, and June 1, 1803, became the pastor of the Federal-st. Society in Boston, which was extremely small at the time of his ordination, but soon rose from his popularity to he one of the first parishes in the city. A feeble constitution, and liability to disease, oc casioned, probably, by his residence in Va., proved great impediments to his labors through out his professional career. He made a voyage to Europe in 1822 for this cause, remaining little more than a year; and, in the autumn of 1830, he again left the U.S., and spent the win ter in St. Croix. His bodily infirmities occa sioned the app. of a colleague in 1824 ; but he occasionally officiated in the pulpit until 1840, when he resigned, delivering his last public ad dress 1 Aug. 1842, at Lenox, in commemora tion of the abolition of slavery in the West Indies. The pub. works of Dr. Channing in clude a large number of religious discourses, the articles on Milton, Bonaparte, and Fenelon, which appeared in the Christian Examiner in 1826-9, and a variety of tracts on temperance, education, slavery, and the condition of the laboring classes. An edition of his works has been pub. in 6 vols., 1846. His "Sermon on War," before the conv. of Cong, ministers in 1816, was widely circulated, and contrib. power fully to the formation of peace societies in the U.S. His lectures on "Self-Culture," 1839, and on " The Elevation of the Laboring Class es," 1840, had an extensive circulation, and were repub. in Eng. He was one of the earli est agitators of antislavery in the U.S., but did not, until he delivered his address in Faneuil Hall in 1837, become publicly identified with the political movement for abolition. In 1837, he addressed a letter to Henry Clay, against the annexation of Texas, and in 1841 pub. his work on Slavery. Among his theol. discours es, his lecture on " The Evidences of Chris tianity," delivered at II.U. in 1821, is, perhaps, the most remarkable. He was a man of great independence of mind. He paid no respect to men on account of their wealth or office. His sermons on "The Paternal Character of God," on " The Loveliness of the Example of Christ," on " The Evidence of Christianity," and on " Political and Moral Integrity," are admirable. He spoke out in intelligible terms on conjugal infidelity and licentiousness. In the pulpit, his gravity and solemnity exceeded that of most preachers. His elocution was peculiar. His preaching and his writings were corroborated by a life of high moral character. During the Unitarian controversy, Dr. Channing was the acknowledged head of the liberal party, and was obliged, though averse to disputation, to take an active part. " He was unrivalled in his en thusiasm for moral and progressive ideas, and in his high estimate of the moral capacities of man." Coleridge said of him, "He has the love of wisdom, and the wisdom of love." See " Memoirs, Correspondence," $*c., by his nephew, W. IL Channing, 1848. Channing, WILLIAM FRANCIS, M.D., son of Wm. Ellery, b. Boston, 1820; has pub. " Davis s Manual of Magnetism," 12mo, 1841 , "Notes on the Medical Application of Elec tricity," 1849; "Fire-Alarm Telegraph," 1 855; contrib. to " Silliman s Jour.," &c. One of the inventors of the system of fire-alarm tele graphy now in general use. Allibone. Channing, WILLIAM HENRY, clergyman, nephew of Wm. E., b. Boston, May 25/1810. H.U. 1829 ; Camb. Divinity School, 1833. Ord. Cincinnati, May 10, 1839. His father, Francis Dana Channing, died when he was very young. He has been settled in Mead- ville, Pa., N. Y. City, Cincinnati, Nashua, Bos ton, Rochester, and Liverpool, Eng., where he is pastor of the Hope-street (Unitarian) Church, as successor of Rev. James Martineau. He ed ited the Western Messenger one year, the Pres ent, the Harbinger, and the Spirit of the Age, and has been a contrib. to the Dial, Christian Examiner, and N. Amer. Review. He has writ ten and pub. " The Translation of Jouffroy s Ethics," 2 vols., 1840 ; "Memoirs of Dr. Wm. E. Channing," 3 vols., 1848 ; " Life and Writ ings of James H. Perkins," 2 vols. ; " Memoirs of Madame Ossoli (Margaret Fuller)," sermons, reviews, and miscellanies. He has labored much in social reforms, and is a zealous and eloquent preacher. Chapin, ALONZO BOWEN, D.D., clergy man and author, b. Somers, March 10, 1808; d. Hartford, July 9, 1858. He quitted the study of theology for the law ; adm. to practise in 1831, and established himself at Walling- ford. He edited the Chronicle of the Church, an Episcopal paper at N. Haven, 8 years, and, re suming his theol. studies, was ord. in 1838; was rector of Christ Church, West Haven, until 1850, and of St.Luke s, Glastenbury, until 1855, when he removed to Hartford, and edit ed the Calendar. Besides numerous contribs. to magazines and reviews, Dr. Chapin is the author of "A View of the Organization and Order of the Primitive Church," 1850 ; "Views of Gospel Truth ; " " Glastenbury for 200 Years," 1853 ; a " Classical Spelling-book ; " "Puritanism not Protestantism," 1847; " In- aug. Discourse at Beloit Coll., 1850," as pres. Chapin, CALVIN, D.D., Cong, clergyman, b. Springfield, Ms., July 22, 1763; d. Weth- ersfield, Mar. 17, 1851. Y. C. 1788. He was a teacher in Hartford two years ; from 1791 to 1794 was a tutor in Y. C., and was pastor of a church in Wethersfield, Ct., from 1794 to 1847. Dr. Chapin was an efficient member of the mis sionary, Bible, and temperance societies, and was for 32 years rec. sec. of the A. B. C. F. M. During his connection with the church at Wethersfield, he was offered, and declined, the presidency of 2 different colleges. He pub. an essay recommending the substitution of water for wine in the Lord s supper. Allen. Chapin, EDWIN HUBBELL, D.D. (H. U. 1856), an eloquent preacher, b. Union Village, Wash. Co., N.Y., Dec. 29, 1814. He completed his school-education at a sem. in Bennington, Vt. ; commenced preaching in 1837 ; was first settled over a society of Unitarians and UTU- versalists in Richmond, Va. ; removed to Charlestown, Ms., in 1839 ; thenc? to Boston in 1846, and in 1848 to New York, where he is still pastor of the 4th Universalist Church. Dr. CliA 176 CHLA. Chapin is one of the most powerful and effec tive pulpit orators of America. He has been a frequent speaker before lyceums and literary associations, and, as an advocate of temperance and other movements of moral reform, he ex ercises a vast influence. One of his best speech es is, perhaps, that before the Peace Conven tion at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in 1850. He has pub. "Moral Aspects of City Life," 1853 ; "True Manliness/ 1854; several vols. of ser mons and religious lectures, and a few occa sional discourses. His " Crown of Thorns " attained a wide circulation. See Golden Age of Amer. Oratory, by E. G. Parker, 1857. * Chapin, STEPHEN, D.D. (B. U. 1822), clergvman, b. Milford, Ms., Nov. 4, 1778; d. Washington, D.C.,Oct. 1,1845. H.U.1804. He studied theology with Dr. Emmons. Ord. pas tor of the Cong. Church in Hillsborough, N.H., June 1 9, 1 805. In Nov. 1 809, he took charge of the Cong. Church in Mt. Vernon, N.H., but, becoming a Baptist, resigned in 1818, and was pastor of the Baptist Church, North Yarmouth, Me., from Nov. 28, 1819, until called, in 1822, to the chair of theology in Waterville Coll., Me. He remained there until 1828, when he was made pres. of Col. Coll., Washington, which office he resigned in 1841. Chaplin, JEREMIAH, D.D. (S. C. Coll. 1819), Baptist minister, b. Rowley, Ms., 2 Jan. 1776 ; d. Hamilton, N.Y., May, 1841. B. U. 1799. Descended from Hugh. 3 years tutor in B. U. ; minister in Danvers from 1802 to 1818; pres. Waterville Coll., Me., 1820-32; afterward preached in Rowley, Wellington, Ct., and Hamilton, N.Y. Chapman, CHARLES, an eminent crim. lawyer, and politician, b. Newtown, Ct., 21 June, 1799; d. Hartford, Ct., 7 Aug. 1869. Son of Judge Asa. Educated at an acad. : adm. to the bar in 1823 ; practised at Newton, 1824-7 ; at N. Haven, and, from 1832, at Hart ford ; 3 times member of the legisl. ; U. S. dist. atty. 1841-5 ; M. C. 1851-3. A man of great powers of wit and sarcasm. Chapman, GEORGE THOMAS, D. D. (Trans. U. 1824), Pr.-Ep. clergyman, b. Pilton, Devonshire, Eng., Sept. 21, 1786. Dartm. Coll. 1804. He came to the U. S. in 1795; practised law in Bucksport, Me., from Dec. 1808 to 1815 ; ord. deacon by Bishop Griswold, 1816; priest, Jan. 6, 1818; rector of Christ Church, Lexington, Ky., July 1, 1820, to July 1, 1830; of St. Paul s Church, Portland, Me., 1 832-5 ; of Grace Church, Newark, N. J., 1837-41 ; preached in Belleville, N.J., in 1842 ; rector of St. Stephen s Church, Pittsfield, Ms., 1 846-52 ; preached some months in Hanover, N.H. Resides in Newburyport, Ms. He pub. " The Ministry, Worship, and Doctrines of the Prot.-Epis. Church," a vol. of 20 sermons, also a vol. of 27 "Sermons to Presbyterians of all Sects," besides 18 other sermons, and, in 1867, " Sketches of the Alumni of Dartra. Coll." Chapman, JOHN G., b. Charles Co., Md., July 5, 1798; d. Dec. 10, 1856. Educated at Yale, but did not grad.,on account of his health. He studied law with Wm. Wirt ; practised ome years ; between 1824 and 44 was almost constantly in the Md. legisl. ; M. C. 1845-9; pres. of the Const. Conv. of Md., and of the National Whig Conv. of Baltimore in 185K He was an eloquent speaker. Lanman. Chapman, JOHN GADSBY, artist, b. Alex andria, v a. He studied and practised his art at Rome several years. Establishing himself in New York, he obtained ample employment by his ingenuity and taste. He has furnished many original designs for the illustration of works of taste or fancy, among them Schmidt s " Tales," Whittier s " Songs of Labor," and Harper s Bil>!e. He also painted the " Bap tism of Pocahontas" for one of the panels in the rotunda at Washington. Since 1848, he has resided in Rome. Among his pictures are, " Israelites Spoiling the Egyptians," "Etruscan Girl," "A Donkey s Head," "The Last Arrow," and " First Italian Milestone." He pub. "American Drawing-Book," N.Y., 4to, and "The Amateur s Drawing Manual," 4to, 1858. Chapman, NATHANIEL, M.D., physician and scholar, b. near Alexandria, Va., 28 May, 1780; d. Phila., 1 July, 1853. U. of Pa. 1801. His paternal ancestor, a capt. in the army, and a relative of Sir Walter Raleigh, came to Va. with the first colonists. Completing his stud ies at London and Edinburgh,where he took his degree, he began practice in Phila. in 1804. Prof, of materia medica in 1813-16, and of practice, institutes, and clinical med., in the U. of Pa., from 1816 to 1850. Founder of the Med. Institute in 1817, he lectured there dur ing the summer for nearly 25 years. He had charge of the city hospital during the epidem ic of 1820, and was many years clinical lecturer in the hospital of the city almshouse. Pres. Amer. Philos. Society, 1846-8, and for many years of the Phila. Med. Soc. Author of " Lec tures on the Theory and Practice of Medicine," " Eruptive Fevers," " Thoracic Viscera," " El ements of Therapeutics and Materia Medica," 1817, "Select Speeches, with Critical and Il lustrative Remarks," 5 vols., 8vo. In 1820, he began, and for many years edited, the Phila. Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences, and contrib. to the Portfolio under the signature of "Falkland." ,/. B. Biddle, in Gross s Amer. Med. Biog. Chapman, ROBERT HETT, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1815), pres. of the U. of N. C. at Chapel Hill, 1812-16, b. Orange, N.j!, 2 Mar. 1771 ; d. Winchester, Va., 18 June, 1833. N.J. Coll. 1789. Son of Rev. Jedediah of Western N.Y , who d. 22 May, 1813. Licensed by the Pres bytery of N. Y., 2 Oct. 1793 ; pastor of Rail way, N.J., 1796-1799, and of Cambridge, N.Y., in 1801-12, afterwards officiating in Va., N.C., and Tenn. Charlevoix( shar-leh-vwa, ), PETER FRAN CIS XAVIER, a French historian and mission ary, b. St. Quentin, Oct. 29, 1682 ; d. Lafleche, Feb. 1, 1761. He acquired reputation as a teacher of languages and philos. in Jesuit col leges. Was for some years a missionary in Canada, and, on his return, had a chief share in the Journal de Trevoux for 24 years. In 1720, he again visited Canada, by order of the French king, and passing up the St. Lawrence, and through the Lakes, to Michilimacinac, he descended through Lake Michigan and the Rivers 111. and Mpi., to N. Orleans. In 1722, 177 he returned to France by way of St. Domingo. His works are, " Journal of a Voyage from Kaskaskias to the Gulf of Mexico," 1721 (French Hist. Colls, of La., vol. ii.), " His- toire et Description Ge ne rale de Japan," " His- toire Ge ne rale de Paraguay," " Ilistoire de I Isle de St. Dominique," " Vie de Mere Marie de I In carnation," and a " H/stoire Gene rale de la Nouvelle France," of which the latter is most valuable, describing his own experience, and the manners and customs of the natives, for which he is often quoted as good authority, though not free from partiality and credulity. Charlton, ROBERT M., jurist and author, b. Savannah, 19 Jan. 1807; d. there 18 Jan. 1854. Son of Judge Thos. B., a capt. of art. at the capture of Charleston, S.C., who d. Nova Scotia, 1847. Adm. to the bar, and elected to the legisl. in 1828 ; app. U.S. dist.-atty. by Pres. Jackson, and at the age of 27 was app. and afterward elected judge of the Sup. Court of the eastern dist. of Ga. Twice mayor of Savannah, and U.S. senator in 1852-3. He pub. in 1839 a vol. of poems, including the poetical remains of a deceased bro., 2d ed., 1842 ; and contrib. many pieces both in prose and verse to the Knickerbocker Mag. Esteemed fur his finished oratory and for his geniality. Chase, CARLTON, D.D. (U. of Vt. 1839), Prot.-Epis. bishop of N.H. (consec. 20 Oct. 1844), b. Hopkinton, N.H., Feb. 20, 1794 ; d. Ciaremont, N.H., Jan. 18, 1870. Dartm. Coll. 1817. Ord. deacon, 1818; priest, 1820; rector of Immanuel Church, Bellows Falls, Vt, from 1819 to 1844; and of Trinity Church, Ciare mont, N.H. in 1844-63. After the deposition of Bishop Onderdonck of N.Y., Bishop Chase performed for a time the episcopal duties of that diocese. At his death, he was a royal arch Mason. Chase, DUDLEY, statesman and jurist, b. Cornish, N.H., Dec. 30, 1771; d. Randolph, Vt., Feb. 23, 1846. Dartm. Coll. 1791, where also his 4 bros. were educated, Salmon, father of the senator ; Baruch, a lawyer ; Heber, who d. in 1797; and Philander, bishop of O. Adm. to the practice of law in 1793, he was State atty. for Orange Co. from 1803 to 1811 ; mem ber of the Const. Conv. of 1814 and of 1822 ; tor a number of years a member, and, from 1808 to 1812, speaker, of the house of repre sentatives of Vt. ; U.S. senator from 1813 to 1817; chief-justice of the Supreme Court of Vt.,1817-21,and again U.S. senatorin 1825-31. Chase, IRAH, D.D., theologian, b. Strat- ton, Vt., Oct. 5, 1793; d. Newtonville,Ms., Nov. 1, 1864. Middleb. Coll. 1814. After studying at Andover, he was ord. in 1817 ; labored as a Baptist missionary in Western Va. ; became in 1818 prof, in the theol. school at Phila., which was soon after transferred to Washington. In 1825, he was prominent in establishing the theol. school at Newton Centre, Ms., of which he was prof, till 1845. In 1830, he was instrumental in founding the Baptist mis sion in France. He subsequently contrib. to reviews on questions of church history and Christian doctrine. He pub. " Life of Bunyan," " The Design of Baptism," " The Constitu tion of the Holy Apostles," " Infant Baptism an Invention of Man," &c. 12 Chase, LUCIEN B., M.C. from Tenn. 1845-9; author of a "History of President Folk s Administration." B. Vt.. 1817: d. Dec. 1864. Chase, PHILANDER, D.D., Prot.-Epis. bishop of 111., b. Cornish, N.H., Dec. 14, 1775 ; d. Peoria, 111., Sept. 20, 1852. Dartm. Coll. 1796. He was descended from Aquila Chase, who came from Cornwall, Eng., in 1640, and settled at Newbury. His grandson Dudley, father of the bishop, removed to a township above Fort No. 4 on the Ct., and founded the town of Cornish. A severe injury to one of his limbs prevented his becoming a farmer. Ord. deacon, May 10, 1798, and priest, Nov. 10, 1799, and was for several years zealously en gaged in missionary labors in Western N. Y. In 1805, he went to N. Orleans, and took an active part in the organization of the Prot.-Epis. church in that city ; returning to the North in 1811, and, until 1817, was rector of Christ Church, Hartford, Ct. Feb. 11, 1819, he was consec. bishop of O., and in 1823 went to Eng. to solicit aid for Kenyon Coll. and theol. sem. in his diocese, with great success. Difficulties having arisen with some of his clergy in regard to the disposal of the funds he had collected, and other matters, he resigned the jurisdiction of his diocese, Sept. 9, 1831 ; removed toMich., and Mar. 8, 1835, being made bishop of 111., he visited Eng. a second time in behalf of education in the West. In 1 838, he returned, with funds sufficient to lay the foundation of Jubilee Coll. at Robin s Nest, Peoria Co., 111. Bp. Chase, notwithstanding his size and cor pulence, was an exceedingly active and labori ous man, and, though not* learned, had great diplomatic talents, and intuitive knowledge of human nature, great shrewdness, and accom plished an amount of good tenfold greater than many incomparably his superiors in scholastic knowledge. He pub. in two 8vo vols. " Rem iniscences " of his life and labors ; " Plea for the West," 1826 ; " Star of Kenyon Coll.," 1828; "Defence of Kenyon Coll.," 1831. A serious injury, caused by being thrown from his carriage, hastened the aged bishop s decease, and, a few days after, he sank quietly to rest. Chase, SALMON PORTLAND, statesman, nephew of Bishop Chase, b. Cornish, N.H., 13 Jan. 1808. Dartm. Coll. 1828. Losing his father at the age of 12, he found a home with his uncle, the bishop, who superintended his studies. He taught school in Washington, D.C., in 1827-9 ; studied law under Wm. Wirt settled in Cincinnati ab. 1830; prepared an edition of the statutes of 0., of received author ity ; and became eminent at the bar, where his hostility to slavery found frequent expression. He was in the city council in 1840, and sup ported Harrison for the presidency ; took a lead ing part in organizing the " Liberty party " at Columbus in Dec. 1841 ; was active in its con ventions ; and in that held at Cincinnati in June, 1845, prepared an address, widely circulated, giving a history of slavery in the U.S., and arguing the necessity of political organization to denationalize it. The convention of the "Free Soil" party at Buffalo in Aug. 1848, called through his efforts, nominated Van Buren for the presidency. Chosen by the Democrats ITS CI3LA of the Ohio legisl. to the U.S. senate in Feb. 1849, he spoke against the Compromise Bill in 1850, and separated from that party on the nomination of Mr. Pierce to the presidency in 1852. In 1854, he drafted an appeal to "the people against the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and in a speech, 3 Feb., elaborately exposed its objects. He proposed to add a clause to it, that " the people of the territory, through their ap propriate representatives, may, if they see fit, prohibit the existence of slavery therein : " rejected 10 to 36. He advocated the Homestead Bill, and the grant of aid toward the construc tion of the Pacific Railroad. Gov. of O., 1855- 9. Supported J. C. Fremont for the presidency in 1857. His decided action compelled the resignation, in 1857, of the State treasurer, who was a defaulter ; and his prompt and judicious arrangements protected the credit of the State, and averted a large pecuniary loss. At the peace conference in Feb. 1861, he proposed compen sation to the owners of fugitive slaves. Made sec. of the treasury in Lincoln s cabinet, Mar. 4, 1861. In Jan. 1862, he recommended that the U.S. notes be made a legal tender. He raised money by the issue of " greenbacks," which bore no interest, and by loans, which were taken at moderate rates, mostly by the people of the U.S. His financial services during the Rebellion were second only in importance to those of the war dept. Resigning, 30 June, 1864, his friends endeavored to procure for him the nomination to the presidency, but without success. He succeeded Chief Justice Taney as the head of the U.S. Supreme Court, 12 Oct. 1864. He presided over the court of impeach ment (Mar. 1868) for the trial of Pres. Johnson, whose acquittal he favored. Unsucessful can didate for the Democ. nomination for pres. in July, 1868. He has contrib. to the N. A, Review, and to the Western Monthly Magazine, and is the author of some good verses ; d. N. Y. City, May 7, 1873. Chase, SAMUEL, jurist and statesman, b. Somerset Co., Md., 17 Apr. 1741 ; d. 19 June, 1811. Son of Rev. Thos. Chase, a native of Eng., by whom he was carefully educated. Adm. to the bar in 1761, and settled in Annap olis, where his talents, industry, intrepidity, imposing stature, sonorous voice, and energet ic elocution raised him to distinction. In the colonial legisl., of which he was 20 years a member, he vehemently opposed the Stamp Act ; was a member of the committee of cor- resp., and a delegate to Congress in 1774-9. He denounced Zubly of Georgia as a traitor, compelling him to flee the Congress, whose se crets he was divulging to the enemy ; was in 1 776, with Franklin and Carroll, acommission- er to form a plan of union between the Colo nies and Canada, and, on his return, labored successfully to change the sentiment of Md., so as to authorize him to vote, as he did, for the Declaration of Independence, of which he was one of the signers. He served with unwearied industry on many of the important committees of Congress. In 1 783, he was the agent of Md. in Eng., to reclaim a large sum of money in trusted to the Bank of Eng., $650,000 of which was subsequently paid over to the State. In 1788, he was a member of the convention to consider the Constitution of the U. S., which he did not regard as sufficiently democ. ; chief justice of the Gen. Court of Md., 1791-6; asso.-justice U. S. Supreme Court, 27 Jan. 1796 to his d. Warmly attached to the prin ciples and measures of the administrations of Washington and Adams ; after the change of administration in 1804, he was, at the instance of John Randolph, impeached for his conduct in the trials of Fries and Callender, solely on political grounds, but was acquitted by the senate. He was a somewhat irascible man, and sometimes was overbearing as a judge, but was learned, able, and patriotic. Chase, THOMAS, dep. Q. M. gen., north ern department, in Revol. war ; d. Boston, May 17, 1787. Chastellux (sha -ta -luks"), FRANCOIS JEAN, MARQUIS DE, author and soldier, b. Paris, 1734; d. there Oct. 28, 1788. Entering the army at 15, he was col. of the regt. Guyennc through the war in Germany, 1754-63; be came Mare chal de Camp, and in 1780 was a maj.-gen. in Rochambeau s army in Amer., gaining the particular friendship of Washing ton. On his return to France, he was made a field-marshal, and a member of the Acad. His literary reputation was established, in 1772, by his De la Ftlicite Publique" His "Voyage dans I Am&ique Septentrionale dans les Anne es 1780-2," 2 vols., 8vo, Paris, 1786, contains noti ces of the natural history of the country, inter esting details of the localities and events of the war, and observations on the character of the principal actors in it. This work was translated by Geo. Grieve, and pub. in London in 1787. His discourse " De la D&ouverte de I Ame rique," and " Discours en Vers, addresses aux Officiers ft Soldats des Differentes Armies Ame ricaiues," were translated by David Humphreys. The year before he d. he m. Miss Plunket, a young lady of Irish extraction. Chatham, WILLIAM PITT, Earl, orator and statesman, b. Westminster, 15 Nov. 1708 ; d. 11 May, 1778. Son of Robert Pitt, Esq., of Boconock, Cornwall. Studied at Eton and Oxford, entered parliament in 1735, and opposed Sir Robert Walpole with such effect, that the Duchess of Marlborough bequeathed Pitt a legacy of lO,Ct)0. Made joint vice- treas. of Ireland in 1746, soon afterward treas. and paymaster of the army, and privy council lor. He was dismissed from office in 1 755, hav ing connected himself with the Grenville party, through his marriage with Hester, dau. of Richard Grenville. Made in 1757 sec. of State, he infused his own spirit and energy into the public service everywhere, made Eng. trium phant in every quarter of the globe, and added Canada to her dominions. He resigned in Oct. 1761, and received a pension of 3,000 a year. He advocated a conciliatory policy toward the Amer. Colonies, and the repeal of the Stamp Act. In 1766, he formed a new ministry, in which he took the privy seal, and was made Earl of Chatham, but quitted office finally in 1768. In the house of lords, he opposed the coercive measures employed against Amer., in speeches of great ability and eloquence; but in reply to a motion by the Duke of Portland, in Apr. 1778, urging the acknowledgment of 179 the independence of Amer., Chatham, who had just left a sick-bed, opposed it with all the ar dent eloquence of his younger days. The Duke of Richmond having replied to this speech, Chatham attempted to rise again, but fainted, and was borne home in a state of ex haustion, from which he never recovered. He had a public funeral at the national expense, and a monument in Westminster Abbey. Chaumonot (sho -mo -no ), or CHAUMON- NOT, PIERRE MARIE JOSEPH, a French Jesuit, b.near Chatillon-sur- Seine, in 1611 ; d. Lorette, near Quebec, Feb. 21, 1693. After robbing an uncle, who directed his education, he went to Rome, where, under an assumed character, he became ft Jesuit. Repenting of his errors, he was, after being ord. priest, sent, at his own request, as a missionary to the N. Amer. Indi ans. Landing at Quebec with Father Poncet, in 1639, he devoted himself to the instruction of the Hurons and Neutrals. When the Hu- rons were dispersed by the Iroquois, in 1650, he accomp. a small party of the fugitives to Quebec. The next year, he formed with the Hurons a Christian settlement at Isle Orleans. In 1655, he visited the Onondagas, but re turned in 1658, and helped found the mission of Notre Dame de Foye, near Quebec. Soon after its removal to Lorette, in 1693, which mission he had founded ab. the year 1670, he ended his long career of labor and hardship. He left an excellent grammar of the Huron tongue, pub. by the Hist. Society of Quebec, 1835, a list of radical and derivative words, a catechism, and a series of instructions, all in the same language, and a memoir of his own life. These are unpub. Appleton s New Amer.Cyclo. Chauncy (chahn -si), CHARLES, B. D., 2d pres. of H. U., and the ancestor of all who bear the name in the U.S. ; b. Yardley Herts., Eng., 1592; d. Feb. 19, 1672. Educated at Westminster and Cambridge, he made the ac quaintance of Archbishop Usher, and was app. prof, of Hebrew, and afterward of Greek, at Cambridge. He was a scholar at Westminster at the time of the gunpowder plot to blow up the building. In 1627, he became vicar of Ware, Hertfordshire. His stern Puritanism involved him in difficulties with the ecclesiastical au thorities : he was imprisoned and fined, and recanted, but soon repented of his recantation. He therefore determined to embark for N.E,, where he arrived a few days before the great earthquake, June 1, 1638. He was re-or dained, and for 3 years remained in Plymouth, as assist, pastor to Mr. Raynor, and then took pastoral charge of the church in Scituate, Ms. A change in the ecclesiastical polity of Eng. determined him to return to his vicarage in Ware ; but the offer of the presidency of the university, which he accepted Nov. 27, 1654, kept him here till his death. He pub. a few theol. works, and a number of sermons. He was zealous against wearing long hair, and baptizing the children of non-communicants ; a man of great industry and learning, and was eminent as a physician. He left 6 sons, who all grad. at Harvard, and became preachers. Chauncy, CHABLES, D.D. (U. of Edinb. 1 742), clergyman of Boston, great-grandson of Pres. C., b jan. 1,1705; d. Feb. 10, 1787. H.U. 1721. Ord. pastor of the 1st church in Boston, Oct. 25, 1727, as the colleague of Mr Foxcroft. He was minister of one parish for 60 years. Among his numerous publications are, " A Complete View of the Episcopacy," being the substance of a discussion with Dr. Chand ler of N.J. ; " Seasonable Thoughts on the State of Religion in N. England; " " Discourse on Enthusiasm," 1742, directed against White- field ; " Remarks on the Bishop of Llandntfs Sermon," 1767; "Mystery hid from Apes, or the Salvation of all Men," 1785 ; " The Benevolence of the Deity," 1784; "Five Dis sertations on the Fall and its Consequences," 1785. He was a warm friend of his country during the Revol. struggle, was a man of great learning and piety, and was an active contro versialist. See Chauncey Memo ls, W. C. Fowler. Chauncey, CHARLES, LL. D. (Mid. Coll. 1811), a disting. lawyer, b. Durham, Ct., June 11,1747; d. New Haven, April 29, 1823. Y. C. 1779. Removing to New Haven, he was adm. to the bar in Nov. 1768; app. State s atty. in 1776; and was a judge of the Superior Court in 1789-93. He was 40 years a lecturer on jurisp., and was pres. of the first agric. society of Ct., of which he was a principal founder. His son CHARLES, LL. D. (Y. C. 1827), a leading lawyer of the Phila. bar, b. N. Haven, Aug. 17, 1777; d. Wilmington, N. J., Aug. 30, 1849. Y. C. 1792. He removed ab. 1798 to Phila. Chauncey, ISAAC, capt. U. S. N., b. Black Rock, Ct., Feb. 20, 1772; d. Washington, Jan. 27, 1840. Entering the merchant-service very young, he com. a ship at 19, and made several successful voyages to the E. Indies in the ships of J. J. Astor. On the organization of the navy, he was made a lieut. Sept. 17, 1798; was acting capt. of the frigate " Chesapeake " early in 1 802 ; was highly praised for his conduct in several actions off Tripoli ; became master, May 23, 1804; and capt. April 24, 1806. In the War of 1812, he com. the naval force on Lake Ontario, but was unable to bring the British com., Sir James Yeo, to action. April 25, 1813, he conveyed Gen. Pike s force to York, which was captured, Chauncey s gallantry being conspicuous. May 27, he again co-operated with the land-force in the capture of Fort George, which brought about the evacuation, by the British, of the whole Niagara frontier. Sept. 27, Chauncey succeeded in getting up with Yeo, in York Bay. " The Pike," his flagship, was, on this occasion, manoeuvred and fought in a man ner ever since a theme of admiration in the navy. Before the whole Amer. squadron could get into action, the enemy bore up, Chauncey folloAving. A heavy gale stopped the chase, and prevented the destruction of the British fleet. After the war, he com. in the Mediterra nean, and with Wm. Shaler, consul, negoti ated a treaty with Algiers. Navy commiss. at Washington in 1820, and from 1833 until his death. He was a model of gallantry, energy, and skill ; father of Com. J. S. Chauncey, COM. JOHN S., U. S. N., b. New York; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 11 Apr. 1871. Midshipman, Jan. 1, 1812; lieut. Jan. 13, 1825; com. Sept. 8, 1841 ; capt. Sept. 14, 1855 ; comm. July. 16, 1862; in sloop "Peacock," W. L 180 CHIC squadron, in Aug. 1822; engaged in capturing 7 pirate vessels and a heavily-armed pirate schooner off Bahia Honda, Cuba ; assist, insp. of ordnance, 1838-43 ; insp. of do., 1847-50 ; com. sloop " Vandalia," W. I. squadron, 1843- 5 ; com. steam-sloop" Susquehanna," 1861 ; en gaged forts Hatteras and Clark, as second in com., Aug. 29-30, 1 861 ; in com. of blockade of sounds of Va. and N.C., Sept. 1 861. Hamersly. Chauncey, ICHABOD WOLCOTT, capt. U. S. N. ; d. Pensacola, Oct. 14, 1835. Mid. June 28, 1804 ; lieut. Jan. 7, 1810; master, March 5, 1817; capt. Apr. 24, 1828. Chauveau (sho-vo 7 ), PIERRE J. O., LL. D., Canadian author and politician, b. Quebec, May 30, 1820, Son of a merchant. Was edu cated at the sera, of Quebec ; studied law, and wrote political articles for " Le Canadlen " and " Le Courier des jtftdts Unis," N. York. He was elected to parliament in 1844 and 1848; was app. solicitor-gen, in 1851 ; prov. sec. in 1853 ; and in July, 1855, superintendent of educa tion. His best work is "Charles Gurin,Roman de Mceurs Canadiennes," 1853. He is liberal in politics. Morgan. Chauvenet, WILLIAM, LL. D., mathe matician, b. Milford, Pa., 1820; d. St. Paul, Minn., 13 Dec., 1870. Y. C. 1840. He was first employed in taking meteor, observations at Girard Coll. Obs. ; became in 1841 instr. in maths, at the U. S. Naval Asylum, Phila. ; prof, of astron. and maths, at the Naval Acad., Annapolis, 1845-59; prof, of astron. and maths, at Wash. U., St. Louis, 1859-62; chancellor of the U., 1862-9. Author of "Binomial Theorem and Logarithms," 1843; "Plane and Spherical Trigonometry," 1850; "New Method of Correcting Lunar Distances," 1850; "The Great Circle-Protractor," fol., 1855; "Manual of Spher. and Pract. Astron., "2 vols., 1863; and " Elem. Geom.," 1870. Cheetham, JAMES, editor American Citi zen, N.Y., 1798; d. there Sept. 19, 1810, a. 37. He pub. "Reply to Aristides," 1804; "Nine Letters on Burr s Defection," 1803; "Peace, or War?" 1807; "Life of Thos. Paine," 1809. Of this work, penned with "settled malignity," Cheetham left a revised copy in the library of the N. Y. Hist. Soc. He was an English radical, escaped from the Manchester riots of 1798, had a mind largely cultivated by reading, and remarkable powers of invective. See Dr. Francis s Old New York. Cheever, EZEKIEL, an eminent N. E. schoolmaster, b. London, Jan. 25, 1616; d. Boston, Aug. 21, 1708. The son of a linen- draper. He had a superior classical training, as evinced by some Latin verses and essays still extant in MS. Came to Boston in 1637, but in 1638, with Davenport and Eaton, founded New Haven. Chosen a deacon soon after the organization of a church, he occasionally offi ciated as a preacher; taught a public school there from 1638 till 1650, and represented the town in the Gen. Assembly in 1646. He was master of the grammar school at Ipswich from 1650 to 1661 ; taught the free school in Charlestown from 1661 to 1670, and from that time until his death had charge of the Boston Latin School. While teaching at New Haren, ke prepared the " Accidence, a Short Introduc tion to the Latin Tongue," which, in 1785, hav! reached 20 editions, and was for more than a century the hand-book of the Latin scholars of N. E. He also wrote a little treatise, " Scripture Prophecies Explained, in 3 short Essays." A funeral disc, by Cotton Mather, with poems from his MS., was pub., Boston, 1828. His son SAMUEL, first minister of Marblehead, d. there May 29, 1724, a. 85. H. U. 1659. B. New Haven,Ct., Sept. 22, 1639 ; ord. Aug. 13, 1684. Cheever, GEORGE BARRELL, D.D., clergy man and author, b. Hallowell, Me., Apr. 17, 1807. Bowd.Coll. 1825 ; And. Thcol. Sem. 1830. Ord. pastor Howard-st. Cong. Church, Salem, Ms., 1832. While at Andover and Salem, he contributed in prose and verse on literary and theological topics to the North Am. Review, Bib lical Repository, and other periodicals. Enga ging in the Unitarian Controversy, he wrote a defence of the orthodoxy of Cudworth. Es pousing the temperance cause, he pub. in a Salem newspaper, in 1835, a dream, entitled " Deacon Giles s Distillery." The friends of the deacon made a riotous attack on Mr. Cheever, who was tried for libel, and imprisoned 30 days. Resigning his pastorate, he went to Europe, contrib. letters to the2V. Y. 06serer,and, on his return in 1839, took charge of the Allen-st. Presb. Church, N.Y. He soon after delivered his lectures on the " Pilgrim s Progress," and on "Hierarchical Despotism." In 1843, in 3 public debates with J. L. O Sullivan, he argued for capital punishment. He was in Eu rope in 1844, as corresp. editor of the N.Y. Evangelist, of which he was principal editor after his return in 1845. Since 1846, he has been pastor of the Church of the Puritans, in New York, and is disting. as a preacher. He has contrib. much to the N. Y. Independent, and the Bibliotheca Sacra. Among his publications are "Commonplace Books of Prose and Poetry/ 1828 and 29; "Studies in Poetry," 1830 " Select Works of Archbishop Leighton," 1832 "Lectures on the Pilgrim s Progress," 1844 "Wanderings of a Pilgrim," 1845 and 46 "Journal of the Pilgrims at Plymouth in 1620," 1848; " Windings of the River of the Water of Life," 1849 ; "Lectures on the Life, Genius, and Sanctity of Cowper," 1856 ; " God against Slavery," 1857 ; " Voyage to the Ce lestial Country," &c. Cheever, HENRY T., brother of the pre ceding, a Cong, clergyman, has written several popular books of travel and biography, among them " Island World of the Pacific," " Life in the Sandwich Islands," " The W^hale and his Captors," 1849; " Autobiog. and Memorials of Capt. Obadiah Congar," 1851 ; " Biogra phy of Nathaniel Cheever, M.D.," 1851 ; "The Pulpit and the Pew," 1858. Resides at Green Point, L.I. Cheney, HARRIET V., author, dau. of Hannah Foster, b. Ms. Has pub. " The Sun day-school," written in conjunction with her sis ter, "A Peep at the Pilgrims," 1850; "The Rivals of Acadia," " Sketches from the Life of Christ," " Confessions of an Early Martyr," 1840. Mrs. Cushing, her sister, has pub. " Es ther," a dramatic poem, and some works for the young, both reside in Montreal. CHE 181 CTTEJ Cheney, SETH, an artist celebrated for his crayon-drawings; d. Manchester, Ct., Sept. 10, 1856, a. 55. He excelled in giving a purity and spirituality to his pieces. John Cheney, his brother, excelled as an engraver of head s. Even. Post, Sept. 1 1 . Chesebro, CAROLINE, authoress, b. Ca- nandaigua, N.Y. Her first tales and sketches appeared in 1848, in Graham s Magazine, and Holden s Dollar Magazine. In 1851, a vol. of her writings was pub., entitled " Dreamland by Daylight, a Panorama of Romance ; " in 1852, "Isa, a Pilgrimage," and in 1856, " Vic toria, or the World overcome," a novel. She has also pub. " The Beautiful Gate, and other Tales," and has contrib. occasionally to news papers, and frequently to the magazines ; d. Piermont, N. Y. Feb. 16, 1873. Chester, COL. JOHN, Revol. officer, b. Wethersfield, Jan. 29, 1749; d. there Nov. 4, 1809. Y.C. 1766. Son of Col. John (H.U. 1722), whose gr.-grandfather Leonard, of Bla- by, Leicestershire, Eng., came over in 1633, was an original settler of W., and d. there 1 1 Dec. 1648, a. 39. A representative in 1772, he was a capt., and disting. at the battle of Bunker s Hill ; was afterwards made col., and continual in the army until 1777. He was subsequently some time speaker of the legisl. of Ct., and a member of the council, 1788-91 and 1803; supervisor of the dist. of Ct., 1791-1801, and he also held for some time the office of judge of the county court of probate. Chester, JOSEPH LEMUEL, antiquary, b. Norwich, Ct., April 30, 1821. He was en gaged in mercantile pursuits in Phila. until 1852, and was a frequent contrib. to the press, principally under various signatures, of which the best known is that of "Julian Cramer." He then became connected with the Phila. press, and was some time an assist, clerk in the U.S. H. of Representatives. Since 1858, he has resided in London. In 1869, he assist ed in forming at London " The Harleian So ciety," for the pub. of inedited MSS. relating to genealogy, heraldry, &c., and was chosen a member of its council. In 1870, he was made one of the council of the Hist. Soc. of Great Britain, recently organized. He has pub. "Greenwood Cemetery and other Poems," 1843; "A Preliminary Treatise on the Law of Repulsion," 1853 ; " Educational Laws of Va., the Personal Narrative of Mrs. Margaret Douglas," 1854; "John Rogers," with a genealogy of the family, 1861. He is a con trib. to various historical and genealogical journals, and is an hon. member of several learned societies in Eng. and America. Chevalier (sheh-valea) MICHEL, a French political economist, b. Limoges, Jan. 13, 1806; studied at the polytechnic and the mining schools, and was app. engineer in the dopt. du Nord. He joined the Disciples of St. Simon, shared the penalties they incurred, and, alter a short imprisonment, was sent by M. Thiers to the U.S., with the special mission of acquainting himself with the Amer. system of railroads. He arrived in N.Y. near the end of 1832, travelled 2 years over the U.S., Mexi co, and Cuba, and pub. the results in the Journal des Debats, and in 1836, in book-form, entitled, "Lettres sur I Am&ique du Nord" He entered the council of state in 1840, suc ceeded M. Rosse as prof, of political economy at the Coll. of France, and, a few months later was made chief eng. of mines. In his " His- toire et Description des Voies de Communication aux J&taU Unis" 2 vols., 1840-42, he gives a full account of American railroads, with a view of their influence upon social intercourse. He is an advocate of free trade, and in 1851 was elected a member of the acad. of moral and political science. Made a senator in 1860, grand officer of the Legion of Honor, 1861. He has also pub. " L hthine de Suez," 1844 ; "La Libert faux fitats Unis," 1849; "Ques tions Politiqueset Sociales," 1852 ; " Mexico An cient and Modern," 1864; " L Expedition du Mexique," in 1862, and " Cows d Economic Politique." Cheverus(sheVe-rus) JEAN Louis ANNE MADELEINE LEPEVREDE, D.D., cardinal, arch bishop of Bordeaux, b.Mayenne, 28 Jan. 1768 ; d. Bordeaux, 19 July, 1836. Educated at the Coll. of Louis le Grand. Paris, 1 786 ; ord. priest in 1790 ; was some time a curate at Mayenne ; came to Boston in Oct. 1796; was consec. 1st R.C. bishop of Boston, 1 Nov. 1810; bishop of Montauban, 1823; archbishop of Bordeaux, 1826, and cardinal in 1835. He founded a church in Newcastle, Me. ; spent 3 months in successful missionary labors among the Indi ans on the Penobscot, and, during the preva lence of yellow-fever in Boston, manifested de votion and benevolence not confined to those of his own creed. Learned, talented, amiable, and devout, he was regarded by Protestants, as well as Catholics, with sincere affection and respect. Cheves, LANGDON, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1824), jurist and statesman, b. Abbeville Dist, S.C., Sept. 17, 1776; d. Columbia, S.C., June 25, 1857. He was adm. to the bar in 1800; entered the legisl. in 1808, becoming its leader ; was atty.-gen. of the State; M.C. 1811-16; speaker during the 2d session of the 13th Con gress; judge of the C. C. P. 1816-19, and for some time pres. of the U.S. Bank. He was a zealous supporter of the War of 1812; was chairman of the naval com. in 1812, and of that of ways and means in 1813, and made several eloquent speeches, and advocated the creation of a navy. He was chief commission er under the treaty of Ghent for settling some of its provisions. Though advocating a South ern confederacy, he refused to sanction the scheme of nullification in 1832. He was a del egate to the Nashville convention in 1850, and to the State convention in 1852. Of his lit erary efforts, the best known is his essay on the subject of the U.S. Bank, signed " Say." Chew, BENJAMIN, jurist, b. W.River, Anne Arundel Co., Md., Nov. 29, 1722; d. Jan. 20, 1810. His grandfather, Col. Saml. Chew, came from Chewton, Somersetshire, in 1671, with Lord Baltimore. Samuel, his father, phys. and judge, and a Quaker, d. 16 June, 1744. His speech to the grand jury of Newcastle, on the lawfulness of defence, was pub. in 1741, and repub. in 1775. After studying law with Andrew Hamilton, and also in London, in 1743 he settled on the Delaware, and in 1754 CHI 182 went to Phila., where he held respectively the offices of recorder (1755-72), register of wills, atty.-gen. (resigned in 1766), and be came in 1774 chief-justice of Pa. He was long speaker of the H. of delegates of the 3 lower counties in Del. Claimed by both par ties when the Revol. broke out, he took, after the Decl. of Indep., a decided stand against the Whigs. Refusing in 1777 to sign a parole, he was sent a prisoner to Fredericksburg, Va. Pres. of the High Court of Errors and Appeals, 1790-1806. Chickering, JESSE, M.D. (1833), a sta tistical writer, b. Dover, Aug. 31, 1797; d. West Roxbury, Ms., May 29, 1855. H.U. 1818. He studied theology, and became a Uni tarian preacher ; then medicine, which he prac tised ab. ten years in Boston, when he removed to West Roxbury. Author of " The Popula tion of Ms. from 1765 to 1840," 1846 ; " Im migration into the U.S.," 1848, and " Reports on the Census of Boston," 1851, and contrib. many valuable articles to magazines and peri odicals. His last publication was a "Letter addressed to the Pres. of the U.S. on Slavery considered in Relation to the Constitutional Principles of Govt. in Great Britain and in the U.S.," 1855. Chickering, JONAS, philanthropist, and piano-forte maker, b. New Ipswich, N.H., Apr. 5, 1798 ; d. Boston, Dec. 8, 1853. The son of a blacksmith. After receiving a common school education, he learned the trade of a cabinet maker. In 1818, he went to Boston, and became a workman in John Osborne s piano forte manuf., and in 1823 began business for himself. He latterly constructed 1,500 instru ments annually, and at least one grand piano, worth $1 ,000, or more, every week. Just a year before his death, he lost, by the burning of his establishment, more than $200,000, but at once projected and completed an extensive factory at the south part of the city, covering a space of between 60 and 70,000 square feet, 5 stories in height. He was widely known for his liber ality and kindness to the poor, and those who have struggled for fame in their musical career. He had been a member of the legisl., pros, of the Handel and Haydn Society, and of the Ms. Charitable Mechanics Assb., which last office he filled at the time of his death. His son THOMAS E. CHICKERING, col. 41st Ms. regt. in the civil war, b. Boston, 22 Oct. 1824 ; d. there 14 Feb. 1871. Succeeded his father in the management of the large piano-forte manuf. established by him. Child, LYDIA MARIA, philanthropist and author, b. Medford, Ms., Feb. 11, 1802. Her ancestor, Richard Francis, settled in Cam bridge, Ms., in 1636. Her brother, Convers Francis, was an eminent Unitarian divine. She was educated at the public schools, and one year in a sem. at Medford. From 1825 to 1828, she kept a private school in Watertown, and in 1828 was in. to David Lee Child, a law yer of Boston. In 1841-9, she, with her hus band, edited the Antislavery Standard in N.Y., where she was a member of the family of the Quaker philanthropist, Isaac T. Hopper. While there, she wrote for the Boston Courier her 2 series of "Letters from N.Y.," afterward pub in 2 vols., 1843 and 1845. She has since resided at Wayland, Ms. She has pub. " Ho- bomok, a Tale of Early Times," 1821 ; " The Rebels, or Boston before the Revol.," 1822; "Juvenile Miscellany/ 8 vols. from 1827 to 1835 ; " The Frugal Housewife," 1829, which had in 1855 reached 33 editions ; "Mother s Book," 1831 ; " The Girl s Own Book," 1831 ; "The History of Woman," 1832; "Biogra phies of Good Wives," "Memoirs of Madame DeStael, Madame Roland, Madame Guyon, and Lady Russell; "The Coronal," 1833; " Appeal for that Class of Americans called Africans," 1833 ; the first antislavery work ever printed in Amer. in book-form ; " The Oasis," an annual, 1834; "Antislavery Cat echism ; " " Authentic Anecdotes of American Slavery ; " " The Evils of Slavery and the Cure of Slavery;" "Philothea," a novel,. 1836; "Fact and Fiction," a collection of Tales, 1846; "Flowers for Children," 3 vols., collected from the Juvenile Miscellany ; " Isaac T. Hopper, a True Life," 1853 ; " The Progress of Religious Ideas," 3 vols. 1855 ; "Autumnal Leaves," 1857 ; "The Patriarchal Institution " and " The Duty of Disobedience tf the Fugitive Slave Law," 2 small tracts, 1860; " The Right Way and the Safe Way," 1860; "Looking Toward Sunset," 1864; " The Freedman s Book," 1865 ; and, in 1867, " A Romance of the Republic." Upon the arrest of Capt. John Brown, she wrote to him, offering her services as a nurse, enclosing it in one to Gov. Wise. He replied, declining her offer, but asking her to aid his family, which she did. With this letter came one from Gov. Wise, reproving her expressions of sympathy for the prisoner, which she answered. She was also the recipient of a singular epistle from Mrs. M. J. C. Mason, to which she replied in her best vein. This series of letters, pub. in pam phlet form in 1860, had a circulation of 300,000. Her antislavery writings contrib. in no slight degree to the formation of the public sentiment which ultimately prevailed. See Mem. bi/ T. W. Higginson in "Em. Women of the Age." ChildS, HENRY HALSEY, M.D., physician, b. Pittsfield, Ms., June 7, 1783 ; d. Boston, Mar. 22, 1868. Wms. Coll. 1802. Son of Dr. Timothy, an eminent physician. In Sept. 1823, he organized the Berkshire Med. Institute, which became a college in 1837, and of which he was prof, of the theory and practice of med., and pres. until 1863. He was a Jeffer- sonian Democ. ; represented Pittsfield in the legisl. of 1816 and 1827; in the Const. Conv. of 1820 ; State senator in 1837, and was lieut- gov. of Ms. in 1843. He was a man of strict integrity and great benevolence. ChildS, THOMAS, brig.-gen. U. S. A., b. Pittsfield, Ms., 1796; d. Tampa Bay, Fla., 8 Oct. 1853. Son of Dr. Timo., and gr.-son of Col. James Easton. West Point, 1814. Enter ing the art., he was disting. at Niagara and Fort Erie; became capt. 1 Oct. 1826 ; brev. maj. for gallantry at Fort Drane, Fla., 21 Aug. 1836 ; brev. lieut.-col. for gallantry in tfie Fla. war, 1840-2 ; brev. col. for Palo Alto and Resaca, 9 May, 1846 ; com. the storming party at Mon terey ; joined Gen. Scott before Vera Cruz ; maj. 1st Art., 16 Feb. 1847 ; disting. at Cerro CHI 183 Gordo ; brev. brig.-gen. for defence of Puebla, 12 Oct. 1847; milit. gov.of Jalapa, Apr. 1847, and of Puebla, Aug. 1847. He joined to un daunted bravery great professional skill. Childs, TIMOTHY, M.D. (H. U. 1811), physician and patriot, b. Deerfield, Ms., Feb. 1743; d. Feb. 25, 1821. Entering H. U. in 1764, he was obliged from poverty to leave there in 1767, and, returning to Deerfield, studied physic, and in 1771 removed to practise in Pittsfield. An ardent patriot, he was com missioned in* a company of minute-men, with which he marched to Boston in Apr. 1775, and was soon after app. surgeon of Col. Patterson s regt., with which he went to N. Y., and in the exped. to Montreal. In 1777, he left the ar my, and resumed practice at Pittsfield, where he continued till his death. In 1792, and for several years after, he was a representative, and also a senator in the General Court, and was a member of the exec, council. He was a warm supporter of the Republican, or Democratic party. Thacher. Chipman, DANIEL, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1848), lawyer, b. Salisbury, Ct., Oct. 22, 1765 ; d. Bipton, Vt, Apr. 23, *1850. Dartm. Coll. 1788. In 1775, his father removed to Tinmouth. Daniel labored on a farm until 1783. After studying law with his bro. Nathaniel, at Hut- land, Vt., he commenced practice there, but in 1794 removed to Middlebury. He became dis- ting. in his prof., and also in literature ; was made a member of the Amer. Acad., 1812 ; prof, of law in Mid. Coll. from 1806 to 1816. He rep resented. Rutland in the State Const. Conv. of 1793, and was often a member of the State legisl. between 1794 and 1808, when he was elected a member of the council, and from 1809 to 1815, and again in 1818 and 21 ; speaker in 1813-14; M. C. 1815-17; member of the Const. Convs. of 1816 and 1850. Besides these duties and distinctions, he was the first reporter of the Supreme Court of Vt. ; pub. a valuable treatise on the Law of Contracts, and a vol. of Reports of the Supreme Court, 8vo, 1835 ; a bi ography of his bro. Nathaniel Chipman, and also of Col Seth Warner and Gen. Thos. Chit- tenden, 1849. He was the youngest of 7 bros., all highly distinguished men. Chipman, NATHANIEL, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll.) jurist, b. Salisbury, Ct., Nov. 15, 1752; d. Tinmouth, Vt., Feb. 15, 1843. Yale Coll. 1777. Bro. of Daniel. Lieut, in the Revol. army in the spring of 1777, and participated in the battles of Monmouth and White Plains. He studied law, was adm. to the bar in March, 1779, and removed to Tinmouth, Vt. He im mediately took a high stand at the bar ; was a member of the State legisl. in 1784-5 ; a judge of the Supreme Court of Vt. in 1786, and chief- justice in 1789. In that year, he was one of the commissioners on behalf of Vt. to adjust differences with N. Y., and in 1791 to nego tiate the admission of Vt. into the Union. In 1791, he was app. by Washington judge of the U. S. Dist. Court of Vt., which he resigned in 1793; in Oct. 1796 was again chosen chief- justice of the Supreme Court, and at the same time was app. one of a committee to revise the statutes, the duties of which were almost wholly performed by him. He was U. S. senator from 1797 to 1803; from 1806 to 1811 was a repre* sentative to the State legisl. ; in 1813, he was one of the council of censors ; in 1813-15 was once more chief-justice of the Supreme Court ; and was prof, of law in Mid. Coll. from 1816 until his death. Judge Chipman enjoyed high reputation as a jurist and a lawyer, and pos sessed, also, considerable literary and scientific attainments. He pub. in 1793 " Sketches of the Principles of Govt.," and a small vol. of " Reports and Dissertations." In 1826, ho re vised the laws of Vt. His bro. Daniel pub. a memoir of his life. Chipman, WARD, LL.D., chief-justice of N. Brunswick, b. St. John, N.B., July 10, 1787 ; d. St. John, 26 Dec. 1851. H.U. 1804. Son of Judge Ward Chipman, a loyalist. He held, successively, the offices of advocate-gen, and clerk of the circuits, recorder of St. John, solicitor-gen., puisne judge of the Supreme Court (Mar. 18, 1825), and Sept. 29, 1834, was app. chief-justice. He had also been a speaker of the assembly, and pres. of the legisl. coun cil, and was a liberal benefactor of churches and schools. Chittenden, MARTIN, gov. of Vt. (1813- 15), son of Gov. Thomas, b. Salisbury, Ct., Mar. 12, 1769 ; d. Williston, Vt., Sept. 5, 1841. Dartm. Coll. 1789. In May, 1776, the family removed to Williston, Vt., but, during the same year, took up their abode in the south part of the State, where they remained until the close of the war. Owing to feeble health, he devoted himself to agric. pursuits, of which he was ex ceedingly fond, at Jericho, in Chittenden Co. Was a member of the convention that adopted the U. S. Constitution; was in 1790 elected county clerk and representative, to which sta tion he was re-elected for 6 successive years, and also at occasional subsequent intervals. He was judge of the Co. Court in 1793-5; chief-judge in 1796-1803; and was M. C. from 1803 to 1813, and judge of probate in 1821-2. He was gov. during the war with Eng., and refused to com ply with the requisition of Gen. Macomb for the State militia. This act was severely commented upon by his political opponents, and prevented his re-election. At the age of 33, he attained the rank of maj.-gen. of militia. Chittenden, THOMAS, first gov. of Vt., b. East Guilford, Ct., Jan. 6, 1730 ; d. Willis- ton, Vt., Aug. 24, 1797. With a scanty edu cation, at the age of 20, he m., and removed to Salisbury, where he commanded a regt. ; was many years representative, and justice of the peace, but in May, 1774, emJg. to the N.H. grants, as Vt. was then called, and settled at Williston, on Onion River. During the con troversy with N.Y., and the war of the Revol., he was assiduously engaged in the councils of his State, to which he rendered great ser vice ; was a member of the convention, which, Jan. 16, 1777, declared Vt. an independent State; and was app. one of the com. to communicate to Congress the proceedings of the inhabitants, and to solicit admission into the Confederacy. He was a leading mem ber of the convention at Windsor, July 2, 1777, which framed the first constitution of Vt. ; and pres. of the council of safety, which was vested with all the powers of 184 govt., executive, legislative, and judicial. A memoir of him, with a history of the con stitution of Vt. during his administration, was pub. in 1849, by Daniel Chipman. Un der the constitution established in 1778, he was elected gov. of the State, and, with the exception of one year, filled that office until his death. In the difficult position in which Governor Chittenden was placed, contending for independence on the one hand, and unac knowledged by Congress as a State, in conse quence of the claims of N.Y., upon the other, a profound policy was requisite. To prevent invasion, hopes were held out to the British, of a return to its allegiance to the king ; while the possibility of her deserting the American cause operated, in Congress, to prevent her be ing required to submit to the claims of N.Y. Chitwood, M. LOUISA, poet, b. 29 Oct. 1832; d. Mt. Carmel, Ind., 19 Dec. 1855. She was a contrib. to the Louisville Journal, Ladies Repos., Arthur s Home Gazette, &c., and, at the time of her death, was preparing for publication a vol. of poems, which appeared in 1857, with an introd. by Geo. D. Prentice. Choate, RUFUS, LL.D. (Y.C. 1844), an eminent lawyer and orator, b. Essex, Ms., 1 Oct. 1799; d. Halifax, N.S., 13 July, 1859. Dartm. Coll. 1819. Tutor in D.C. one year; he then studied at the Camb. Law School, and in the office of Wm. Wirt, at Washington, D.C. ; began practice at Danvers in 1824, and, in 1834, removed to Boston, where he gained the highest position as an advocate. He was a State representative in 1825 ; State senator in 1827, and M.C. from the Essex District in 1832-4 ; U.S. senator, as successor to Mr. Webster, Feb. 1841-Aug. 1845. He spoke ably on the McLeod case, the Fiscal Bank Bill, Oregon, the Smithsonian Institution (of which he was a regent), and in opposition to the an nexation of Texas. In 1853, he was atty.- gen. of Ms. and a member of the Const. Conv. After the death of Mr. Webster, he was the acknowledged leader of the Ms. bar. In 1858, impaired health compelled his retire ment from professional labor ; and he sailed for Europe, but proceeded no farther than Hali fax, where he died. Tall and commanding in person, he had a face of remarkable expres sion, and a rich, musical, and sympathetic voice. His speech was wonderfully persua sive, exuberant, and brilliant, and his learning various and extensive. In the management of causes, he possessed consummate tact, and uner ring judgment. Skilful in the examination of witnesses, never making a mistake himself nor overlooking one in an opponent, his powers as a lawyer were seen to the greatest advantage in the unpremeditated discussion of the law- points that incidentally arose. RUFUS, his son, an officer in the 2d Ms. Vols., d. Dorchester, Ms., 15 Jan. 1866, a. 32. See his Works, with Memoir by S. G. Brown, 1862; Golden Age of American Oratory, by E. G. Parker, 1857. Choisi d.8 (deh shwa -ze ), a French gen. of brigade, of disting. merit, in the army of Rochambeau ; com. the force which invested Gloucester, Va., Oct. 3, 1780, attacked and de feated Tarleton s Legion, and aided in the cap ture of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Va. Choules, JOHN OVERTON, D.D., Baptist clergyman and author, b. Bristol, Eng., Feb. 5, 1801; d. New York, Jan. 5, 1856. After completing his school education, he became in 1822 a divinity student in the Baptist Coll. at Bristol. After his arrival in America in 1824, he was 2 years principal of an acad. at Red Hook, N. j. ; officiated in his clerical capacity in Newport, R.I., in New Bedford, Ms., Buf falo (1837-41), at Jamaica Plain, near Boston, 1843, and while at the latter place, and in New port, he had charge of a select school of boys, for which he was admirably qualified. At the time of his death, he had the pastoral charge of a Baptist church at Newport. He was also a public lecturer, a contrib. to the press, and pub. " The History of Christian Missions," a narrative of a yachting excursion to Europe in company with Mr. Vanderbilt, 1854, an edition of Neal s " History of the Puritans," 1843; a continuation of Hinton s "History of the U.S.," edited an edition of Foster s " Statesmen of the Commonwealth of Eng land," 1846; James s "Church-Member s Guide," and " Young American Abroad, or Va cation in Europe," describing an excursion- tour with several of his pupils. He delivered excellent anniversary addresses ; was much in terested in agricultural and political matters ; and was a warm partisan and personal friend of Mr. Webster. Of low stature, in person the beau ideal of a bon vivant, his knowledge of the world, humor, and vivacity, made him a most agreeable companion, in addition to which, he was exceedingly benevolent. Chouteau (shoo -to"), AUGUSTE and PIERRE, two brothers, founders of the city of St. Louis, b. N. Orleans ; d. (the first) Feb. 24, 1 829, a. 80, and Pierre, July 9, 1 849, a. 90. They joined the exped. of Laclede in Aug. 1763, to establish the fur-trade in the region west of the Mpi. Auguste, the elder, was in com. of a boat. In the following winter, they selected a point 61 miles above St. Genevieve, on the western bank of the Mpi., for their principal post, and named this St. Louis. Auguste was in charge of the party that commenced opera tions here Feb. 15, *1764. The brothers be came, in time, the heads of numerous families of the highest respectability ; acquired affluence and a name, which, after a lapse of 70 years, is still a passport that commands safety and hos pitality among the Indians of the north-west. PIERRE, son of the last-named, b. 19 Jan. 1789; d. 8 Sept. 1865. Was a leading mer chant in the fur-trade in St Louis ; a principal member or the head of most of the successive companies formed for conducting this business. In 1834, he, with Messrs. Pratte and Cabanne, purchased the interest of John Jacob Astor in the American Fur Company. In 1839 was formed the house of P. Chouteau, jun., & Co., which nearly monopolized the fur-trade of the west and north-west. Edwards s Great West. Christian, COL. WILLIAM, b. Berkeley Co., Va., 1732; d. June, 1782. Emigrating with his family to Pa., he served against Pontiac ; was a capt. inForbes s cxped. against Fort Duquesne in 1758, and was efficient in Dunmore s campaign against the Sciotos. He was an intimate friend of Washington. 185 CKTJ Settled at Braddock s Ford on the Youghi- ogeny in 1768, and raised and com. a regt. dur ing the Revol. In 1782, he reluctantly accepted the com. of an exped. to ravage the Wyandotte and Moravian Indian towns on the Muskingum; was taken prisoner, and put to death with ex cruciating tortures. Christie, GEN. GABRIEL ; d. Montreal, Nov. 1798. Capt. 48th Foot, Nov. 13, 1754, and was in com. at Albany in the summer of 1 757. He served at the siege of Louisburg in 1758, was app. maj. Apr. 7, 1759 ; d.q.-m.-gen. in Amer., Aug. 14, and entered Canada with the British army in 1760. He became brevet lieut.-col. Jan. 27, 1762; lieut.-col. 60th roy. Americans, Dec. 24,1768. Sept. 18, 1775, he was changed to the first batt. ; app. quartermast.- gen. in Canada, Apr. 2, 1776 ; brev. col. Apr. 29,1777; col. coin. 2d batt. May 14, 1778; m.-gen. Oct. 19,1781 ; lieut.-gen. Oct. 12, 1793; gen. Jan. 1, 1798. Gen. C. was proprietor of Isle Aux Nois in the Richelieu River, a little north of Lake Champlain, which he afterwards sold to the crown ; and of several seigniories in the vicinity of the island. Christie, JOHN, col. U.S.A., son of James, b. N.Y. City, 1786; d. Fort George, U.C., July 22, 1813. Col. Coll. 1806. He studied law; was app. lieut. of inf., May 3, 1808; capt. Feb. 1809; lieut.-col 13th Inf., Mar. 12, 1812; wounded at Queenstown, Oct. 13, 1812, where he com. the regular troops. He displayed here the courage and skill of a veteran, but was compelled, after an heroic struggle, to surrender to an overwhelming force. Insp.-gen., Mar. 18, 1813 ; col. 23d Inf., Mar. 12, 1813. Christie, ROBERT, M.P.P., a Canadian historian, b. Nova Scotia, 1788 ; d. Quebec, Oct. 13, 1856. Author of "History of L. Canada," 6 vols., 12mo. He was at various times a cohtrib. to the Quebec Gazette and to the Quebec Mercury. Christophe (kres tof ), HENRI, king of Hayti, b. Oct. 6, 1767, in the Island of Granada, or of St. Christopher; d. Oct. 8, 1820, by his own hand. One account states that he was, at the age of 12, taken to St. Domingo, sold as a slave, and employed as a cook : others relate, that after serving in the Amer. war, and receiv ing a wound at the siege of Savannah, he went to St. Domingo, and was employed on the plantation of Limonade, displaying as an over seer his characteristic severity. From the com mencement of the troubles amongst the blacks, he took a decided part in favor of independence, and signalized himself by his energy, boldness, and activity in many bloody engagements. Toussaint made him a brig.-gen., and employed him to suppress an insurrection. This was speedily accomplished ; and Christophe was made gov. of the province of the north. He com. at the cape in 1802, when Leclerc arrived with a French army destined for the subjugation of the negroes. Dessalines and Christophe were declared outlaAvs. Their heroic efforts, aided by the climate, left, at the close of 1805, no vestige of a French force in Hayti. Christophe was gen.-in-chief during the brief administration of Dessalines, and was app., in Feb. 1807, pres. for life. The popularity of Petion in the south, however, led to the organization, at the same time, of a republic at Port au Prince under that officer ; but the civil war which ensued did not prevent Christophe from taking judicious measures for the establishment of order, and the promotion and encouragement of the industry of his people. Having abolished the repub lican forms, he was, Mar. 28, 1811, proclaimed king of Hayti by the name of Henri I., and was crowned at the cape, June 2, 1812. Fol lowing the example of Napoleon still further, he compiled from the " Code Napoleon " the " Code Henri," which had the merit of judicious adaptation to the situation of Hayti. A sus pension of hostilities between Petion and him self took place in 1814. They broke out afresh upon the death of Petion in 1818 ; and an in surrection, begun by the army, soon extended itself in all directions. Christophe, whose deposition was demanded, and who was confined by illness in his fortified palace of Sans Souci, perceiving his case to be desperate, and resolved not to gratify the insurgents by becoming their prisoner, shot himself. His eldest son was mas sacred ; but his widow and daughter were pro tected by Boyer, who enabled them to withdraw to Europe with a competent fortune. Christy, WILLIAM, lawyer, b. George town, Ky., Dec. 6, 1791. He began practice in 1811. Served under Harrison in the War of 1812, and was afterward a merchant in N. Orleans. Resuming practice, he pub. in 1826 a "Digest of the Decisions of the Sup. Court of La." During the Harrison presidential campaign in 1840, he was a ready and fre quent speaker in behalf of his old friend. Chronicle, MAJ. WILLIAM, an officer of the Revol., b. S.C., 1755 ; killed at the battle of King s Mountain, N.C., Oct. 7, 1780. He belonged to the S.C. contingent, furnished in 1779, after the defeat at Savannah. In 1780, he became maj., and fell while gallantly leading his men in the attack on Maj. Ferguson. A monument was erected to his memory upon the battle-field. Church, ALBERT E., LL.D. (Y.C. 1852), mathematician, b. Salisbury, Ct. West Point (1st in class), 1828. Son of Judge Samuel. Entering the 3d Art., he became 1st lieut. 13 Jan. 1836 ; assist, prof, of math., West Point, Oct. 1833 ; prof, since 13 Mar. 1838 ; A.M. of Wash. Coll., Ct., and N. J. Coll. 1837 ; mem ber of several scientific asso. Author of Ele ments of Diff. and Integ. Calculus," 1842; improved ed., 1851; "Elements of Analyt. Geom.," 1851; "Elements of Descriptive Geom.," &c., 1865 ; d. W. Point, Mch. 30, 1878. Church, COL. BENJAMIN, disting. in the early Indian wars of N. E., b. Plymouth, Ms., 1639 ; d. Little Compton, where he had settled in 1674, Jan. 17, 1718. He was engaged in several severe skirmishes in King Philip s war, one of which was in a swamp near Bridge- water ; and in Aug. 1676, com. the party by which Philip was killed. Com.-in-chief of an exped. against the Eastern Indians in 1689, he ascended the Kennebec, and rescued Casco for a time. He made 4 other expeds. against the Indians in Me., doing much injury to the French and Indians on the Kennebec, Penob- scot, and Passamaq noddy Rivers. Under his di- CHTJ 186 CIE rection, and from his minutes, his stm THOMAS wrote a " History of Philip s War," 1716, last edition, with notes by H. M. Dexter, 1865. He was equally dieting, in the various walks of life by his integrity, justice, and piety. In his old age, he was corpulent ; and he d. by a fall from his horse. THOMAS, his grandson, b. Little Compton, d. Dighton, Ms. ; was app. col. in the R.I. army of observation in May, 1775; was a member of the State senate in 1776, and an assist, in the R. I. govt. Church, BENJAMIN, physician, great- grandson of the preceding, b. Newport, R. I., Aug. 24, 1734; lost at sea, May, 1776. H.U. 1754. He studied medicine in London, and, after his return to Boston, became eminent as a surgeon. Ab. 1768, he built an elegant man sion at Raynham, where he is said to have led an extravagant and licentious life. The pecu niary embarrassment resulting from this is supposed to have led to his defection from the cause of his country. For several years pre ceding the Revol., he was a conspicuous and leading Whig. He was a representative, a member of the Prov. Congress of 1774, and physician-gen, to the patriot-army. In 1774, Church was found to have written parodies of popular songs, composed by himself in favor of liberty, for the Tory journals. In Sept. 1775, an intercepted letter in characters, to Maj. Cain in Boston, which had passed through the hands of a woman who was kept by Church, was deciphered; and the woman final ly confessed that Church was its author. Oct. 3, 1775, he was convicted by a court-martial, of which Washington was pres., " of holding a criminal corresp. with the enemy," and was imprisoned at Cambridge. He was expelled from the house, notwithstanding a brilliant and ingenious defence, and by order of Congress was confined in jail at Norwich, Ct, and debarred the use of pen, ink, and paper. Released in May, 1776, on account of failing health, he sailed for the W. Indies, and was never after ward heard from. His family was pensioned by the crown. He was an elegant orator and poet, and the best of the contributors to the Pietas et Gratulatio. He wrote " The Choice," a poem ; "The Times," 1765, a satire on the Stamp Act and its abettors ; an elegy on Dr. Mayhew, 1766, on Whitefield, 1770 ; "Address to a Provincial Bashaw, by a Son of Liberty," 1769 ; " Oration, Mar. 5, 1773." An account of his examination and defence is in Ms. Hist. Colls, vol. i. Church, FREDERIC EDWIN, landscape- painter, b. Hartford, Ct., May, 1826. A pupil of Thos. Cole, he was first brought into notice by his view of East Rock, near New Haven. Subsequent representations of Amer. scenery, increasing his reputation, he went in 1853 to S. Amer. His views of the gjeat mountain-chains of New Granada were among the first seen here ; and they attracted great attention at the exhibition of the N.Y. Acad. of Design. In 1857, he made a second visit, and also painted a large view of Niagara Falls, which greatly increased his reputation. It represents the Horse-Shoe Fall as seen from the Canadian shore, near Table Rock, and has been pro nounced, both here and in Eng., the best rep resentation of the Falls ever painted. Mr. Church has for some years been a resident ot N.Y. His " Heart of the Andes," " Cotopaxi," "The Icebergs," and "Rainy Season in the Tropics," are among his best efforts. Church, SAMUEL, LL.D. (Trin. Coll. 1847), jurist, b. Salisbury, Ct., Feb. 1785; d. at Newtown, Sept. 12, 1854. Y.C. 1803. He studied law, and settled in his native town, of which ho was a representative and senator (1818-31) ; 11 years judge of probate; judge of the Superior Court in 1833, and in 1847-54 chief-justice. He removed to Litchfield in 1845. He pub. an address at the Salisbury Centennial Jubilee, 1841. Churchill, SYLVESTER, brig.-gen.U.S.A., b. Woodstock, Vt., Aug. 2, 1783; d. Wash ington, Dec. 7, 1862. Educated in the schools of his native place, he pub. in Windsor, in 1808, a weekly Democ. newspaper, The Ver mont Republican. App. lieut. of art. in Mar. 1812; capt. Aug. 1813, of a company raised by himself, and did good service on Burlington Heights in protecting Macdonough s fleet dur ing an attack, while undergoing repairs. Asst. insp.-gen. Aug. 29, 1813; ordnance officer under Gen. Wade Hampton, serving as such through the war. He was in the attack on La Cole Mill ; was subsequently on the staff of Gen. Izard, and was acting adj. -gen. to Gen. Macomb, at Plattsburg; maj. 3d Art., Apr. 6 1835; acting insp.-gen. in Creek Nation and in Florida, from July, 1836, to 1841 ; insp.-gen. June 25, 1841 ; brev. brig.-gen. Feb. 23, 1847, " for gallant and meritorious conduct in battle of Buena Vista." Retired Oct. 1861. His eldestson, Capt. Wm. H. Churchill, d. at Point Isabel in 1847. West Point, 1840. Churchman, JOHN, Quaker preacher, b. Nottingham, Pa., June 4, 1705 ; d. there July 24, 1775. He entered on the ministry in 1733 ; travelled and preached in N.E. in 1742; in N.Y. in 1743, and again in 1774; in Eng., Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and Holland in 1750-4, and, in 1775, visited the Eastern shore of Md. He was an able preacher and an ex emplary man. An account of his labors and experiences was pub., Lond., 1780. Coll. of Quaker Memorials. Churchman, JOHN, a Quaker, disting. for his researches after the cause of the varia tion of the magnetic needle, b. Md. ; d. on the passage from Europe, July 24, 1805. He pub., besides several philos. tracts, a useful variation- chart of the globe, magnetic atlas and explana tion, Phila., 1790 ; was a member of the Rus sian Imperial Acad., and was presented by it with a set of its Transactions. Churruca y Elorza de (dachoor-roo - ka e a-lor -tba), C. DAMIAN, an able Spanish naval officer, b. Guipuzcoa, 1761 ; killed at the battle of Trafalgar, 1805. Sent with the exped. to survey the Straits of Magellan, his valuable " Diary of the Exploration of Terra del Fuego," was pub. in 1793. He com. an exploring exped. to the Gulf of Mexico in 1791 , from which resulted numerous charts of the coasts. Cieza,or Cieca de Leon (the-a -tha da la-on ), PEDRO, b. Seville, ab. 1520; served under Pizarro in the W. Indies ; resided many CTL* 187 years in Peru. Author of " Cronica del Peru " (1553), commended by Prescott. See Con- guest of Peru. Cilley, GEN. JOSEPH, Revol. officer, b. Not tingham, N.H., 1734; d. there Aug. 1799. His father was one of the first settlers of N. in 1727. With little education, he became a self-taught lawyer. In Dec. 1774, he, with other patriots, dismantled the fort at Portsmouth, and re moved the cannon. Immediately after the bat tle of Lexington, he led 100 vols. to Boston ; became a major in Poor s regt. in May, 1775; lieut.-col. Nov. 8, 1776, and col. 1st N.H. regt., Feb. 22, 1777. He com. his regt. at Ticonde- roga in July, 1777 ; was conspicuous for brav ery at Bemis Heights in Sept. ; was at the storming of Stony Point, at the battle of Mon- mouth, aud in Sullivan s exped. against the Indians in 1779, serving to the end of the war. Maj.-gen. of militia, June 22, 1786, and held various offices. Cist, CHARLES, editor and author; d. Cin- cin., 6 Sept. 1868. Editor of " Cists s Adver tiser," Cin., 1844-53, and of 3 vols. of Annals of Cincinnati, 1841, 51, and 59, and Cincinnati Miscellany, 8vo. Cist, LEWIS J., poet, son of Charles, b. Harmony, Pa., 20 Nov. 1818. Removed when a child to Cincinnati, and in 1852 to St. Louis, where he has long been a bank-officer. From his contribs. to the " Hesperian," his father s " Advertiser," and other papers, he collected and pub. in 1845 a vol. of "Trifles in Verse." See Poets and Poetry of the West. ClaSLin, WILLIAM, LL.D.(Wesl. U. 1868), gov. of Ms., 1869-71, b. Milford, 6 Mar. 1818. Many years engaged in the shoe and leather business, Boston. Member Ms. legisl. 1849- 52; senator, 1860; pres. senate, 1861, and lieut.- gov. 1866-9. Claggett, JOHN THOMAS, D.D., first Ep. bishop of Md., b. Oct. 2, 1742, at White s Landing, Md.; d. Aug. 2, 1816. N.J. Coll. 1764; D.D. 1787. Son of a clergyman ; adm. to priest s orders by the bishop of Lond., Oct. 11, 1767. He took charge of All Saints parish, Calvert Co., Md., until the Revol., and after wards of St. James s parish, Anne Arundel Co., preaching alternately in both. In 1791, he removed to his large paternal estate at Groom in Prince George s Co. After the organiza tion of the church in the diocese of Md., Dr. Claggett was elected its first bishop, and was consec. Sept. 17, 1792. Claiborne, FERDINAND LEIGH, gen., b. Sussex Co., Va., 1772; d. 1815. Bro. of Wm. C.C. App. ensign of inf., Feb. 1793 ; capt. Oct. 1799 ; brig.-gen. militia Mpi. Terr., Feb. 1811 ; col. Mpi. vols. 1812-13; brig.-gen. vols. 1813 ; com. in engagement with Creek Indians at the " Holy Ground," Dec. 1813 ; legislative coun cillor Mpi. Terr., 1815. Resettled in the Mis sissippi Territory, and presided over the delib erations of its legisl. Claiborne, JOHN F. H., journalist and author, b. Natchez, Mpi. Educated as a lawyer in Va. ; member Mpi. legisl. 3 sessions ; M.C. 1835-8 ; editor Natchez Fair Trader and Louisi ana Courier, and afterward of an agric. paper in N. Orleans ; app. U.S. timber agent for La. and Mpi. by Pres. Pierce ; author of " Life of Gen. Sam. Dale," 1860; "Life of Gen. Quit- man," 2 vols. 12mo. Hist. May. iii. 352. Claiborne, NATHANIEL HERBERT, poli tician, of the same family as the above, and! bro. of Gov. Wm. C. C., b. Franklin Co., Va., 1777 ; d. on his plantation there, Aug. 15, 1859. He was the son of Win. Claiborne and Mary Leigh ; was many years a disting. member of both branches of the Va. legisl., where he was a reformer of extravagance and abuses of the govt. ; was afterward a member of the exec, council, and was a M.C. from 1825 to 1837. Author of "Notes on the War in the South," Richmond, 12mo, 1819. Claiborne, WILLIAM CHARLES COLE, statesman, b. Va., 1773; d. N. Orleans, Nov. 23, 1817. Bred a lawyer, he settled in Tenn., where he soon received the app. of territorial judge ; assisted in framing a State constitution in 1796, and was M.C. from 1797 to 1801. He was app., by Jefferson, gov. of Mpi. in 1802 ; was a commissioner with Gen. Wilkinson to take possession of La. on its purchase from the French, and, on the establishment of the new govt. in 1804, was app. gov., to which position he was elected by the people from 1812 to 1816. Elected to the U.S. senate in the latter year, he was prevented by sickness from taking his seat. Of the same family as the above were, 1st, Col. THOMAS of Brunswick, Va., M.C. 1793-9, 1801-5; 2d, his son, Dr. JOHN, M.C. from 1805 to his death, Oct. 9, 1808; 3d, THOMAS of Nashville, Tenn., M.C. 1817-19; 4th, NATHANIEL H. of Va. Lanman. Clap, NATHANIEL, minister of Newport, R.I., b. Jan. 20, 1669; d. Newport, Oct. 30, 1745. H.C. 1690. Grandson of deacon Nicholas, a settler of Dorchester in 1636. He began to preach in Newport in 1695 ; was ord. Nov. 3, 1720, and preached there until his death. Whitefield and Bishop Berkeley both speak of his appearance as most venerable. He was a man of great earnestness, goodness, and charity. He pub. " Advice to Children," 1691, and a sermon on some extraordinary dispensa tions, 1715. Clap, CAPT. ROGER, one of the first settlers of Dorchester, b. Salcomb, Devonshire, Eng., Apr. 6, 1609 ; d. Boston, Feb. 2, 1691. Emi grating to Ms. in 1630, with Warham, Maver ick, and others, he began a plantation at Dor chester. He sustained several military and civil offices ; was a representative from 1652 to 1666, and capt. of Castle William from Aug. 1665, till his removal to Boston in 1 686. Being a man of remarkable piety, he officiated as chap lain at the castle. His manuscript memoirs a most touching memorial of the New-England worthies, prepared for the benefit of his chil dren, to whom he gives excellent advice were first pub. by Rev. Thos. Prince in 1731, and have been 5 times reprinted, the last time by the Dorchester Hist. Soc. Hist, of Dorchester. Clap, THOMAS, divine and scholar, b. Scit- uate, Ms., June 26, 1703; d. N. Haven, Jan. 7, 1767. H. U. 1722. He was educated by Dr. McSparran, the R. I. missionary ; was minis ter of Windham, Ct., 1726-39, and pres of Y. C. 1739-66. He was one of the most learned men of his time in N. E.; constructed the first orrery in America, and was eminent as a math* 188 ematician, astronomer, and natural philoso pher. The coll., unler his administration, rose greatly in reputation. He was an accomplished instructor, and a man of indefatigable industry and unaffected piety. He wrote a " History of Yale Coll.," 1766; " An Abridgment of the Established Doctrines of the N. E. Churches," 1755 ; also sermons ; a tract on meteors; " Es say on the Religious Constitution of Colleges," 1754; " Nature and Foundation of Moral Vir tue and Obligation," 1765; "Letter to Mr. Edwards," 1745 ; and " Remarks on Graham s Vindication of B. Gale." Clapp, ASA, merchant, b. Mansfield, Ms., March 15,1762; d. Portland, May 17, 1848. The son of a respectable farmer. He was a vol. in Sullivan s exped. to R. I. in 1778, and served as an officer of a privateer until the close of the Revol., when he obtained the com. of a ship. He was at St. Domingo during the negro insurrection, and rendered much service to the distressed inhabitants. Quitting the sea in 1796, he established himself in business in Port land, and became one of the wealthiest and most disting. merchants of Me. He was a State councillor, a delegate to the convention for framing the constitution of Me. in Oct. 1819, and several years a representative in the State legisl. He was noted for benevolence ^ and rectitude. A memoir, by J. A. Lowell, is in " Lives of American Merchants." Portland Advertiser, May 18. Clapp, REV. THEODORE, Unitarian clergy man, b. Easthampton, Ms., March 29, 1792 ; d. Louisville, Ky., Apr. 17, 1866. Y. C. 1814. He studied theology at Andover in 1818-19, and in 1822 became pastor of the First Presb. Church in N. Orleans. In 1834, he adopted Unitarian views, and dissolved his connection with the Presb. Church, but remained pastor of nearly the same congregation as before, or ganized under the name of the Church of the Messiah. He resided in N. Orleans through 20 fatal and wide-spreading epidemics, including yellow-fever and cholera, and, by his laborious devotion to all classes, earned the esteem and affection alike of his own parishioners and of the whole body of Protestant and Catholic in habitants. In 1847, he travelled in Europe ; re signed his pastorate from ill health in 1857, and in 1858 pub. a vol. of "Autobiographical Sketches and Recollections of a 35-Years Res. in N. Orleans ; " in 1859, " Theol. Views," &c. An instance of the esteem in which he was held, even by his bitterest religious foes, is found in the fact, that, for many years, the use of a large church in N. Orleans was given him by its owner, Judah Touro, a wealthy Jew, free of expense. Clapp, WILLIAM WARLAND, Jun., jour nalist, b. Boston, 11 Apr. 1826, succeeded his father, in 1847, as editor of the Boston Sat. Evening Gazette. After the death of C. 0. Ro gers, he became a proprietor of the Boston Jour nal. Author of a " History of the Boston Stage." Clark, ABRAHAM, signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Elizabethtown, N.J., 15 Feb. 1726; d. Rahway, Sept. 15, 1794. Bred a farmer, he taught himself a knowledge of mathematics and of the law ; held the offices of high sheriff and clerk of the assembly, and, from his habit of giving legal advice gratuitously, was called "the poor man s counsellor." Active in the Revol. movement, he was on the committee of public safety ; was, with few intermissions, a delegate to Congress from June 11, 1776, un til the adoption of the Federal Const., and was a member of the conventions at Annapolis in 1786, and of that which framed the U. S. Const. in 1787. Member of the State legisl., 1782-7 ; M. C. 1789-94. Two of his sons, officers of the army, were at one time inmates of the Jer sey prison-ship ; and the sufferings of one of them were such that Congress ordered a retali ation. His zeal, public spirit, and patriotism made him one of the most useful men of his time. Clarke, SIR ALURED, a British field-mar shal, b. 1745; d. Sept. 16, 1832. He entered the army in 1755; became maj. Nov. 1771; lieut.-col. 7th Foot, 1777 ; brev. col. May, 1781 ; maj.-gen. 1790; lieut.-gen. 1797; gen. 1802; field-marshal, 1830. He com. the British forces in Savannah, until their withdrawal, 11 July, 1782, and gained the good will of the Ameri cans by his courtesy and by the protection of property at the evacuation. Gov. of Jamaica ; gov. of Quebec, 1792-3 ; com. at the capture of the Cape of Good Hope in 1795 ; com. -in- chief of Madras, 1795-7; gov.-gen of India, Sept. 1797-Apr. 1808 ; and com. -in-chief of the forces in India, May, 1798-1801. Clark, ALVAN, portrait-painter, and maker of telescopes, b. Ashfield, Ms., March 8, 1804. A farmer s boy, at 22 he became a calico-engrav er at Lowell. In 1836, he became a success ful portrait-painter in Boston, and still contin ues to practise this art. When over 40 years of age, he became interested in telescopes, and, with his sons, succeeded in producing instru ments of great accuracy. No. 9 of vol xvii. of the " Proceedings of the Roy. Astron. Society of Lond.," contains a list of discoveries by Mr. Clark, with telescopes of his own manufacture. He is also the inventor of a double eye-piece, an ingenious and valuable method of measur ing small celestial arcs from 3 to 60 . Jan. 3, 1863, the French Imperial Acad. of Sciences awarded him the La Lande prize for his dis covery of the new star near Sirius with the great reflecting telescope made by him. A.M. of Amh. and N. J. Colleges. Clark, DAVIS WASGATT, D.D., Methodist clergyman, b. on the Island of Mt. Desert, Me., Feb. 25, 1812 ; d. Cincin., 23 May, 1871. Wesl. U. 1836. He presided over Amenia Sera., N. Y., 7 years. For 9 years, he filled important sta tions, 4 of them in N. Y. City. In 1852, he was elected editor of books and of the Ladies Repository, at the Western Book Concern, Cin cinnati, O. He presided over 42 annual con ferences. Elected pres. of Lawrence U. 1852, and in 1853 of Ind. Asbury U. Elected bishop in 1864. In 1849, he received from his alma mater the degree of D.D. He pub. an algebra in 1843; was a frequent contributor to the Methodist Quarterly Review; pub. a " Treatise on Mental Discipline," 1848 ; "Fireside Read ings," 5 vols. ; "Life and Times of Bishop Hedding," 1854; "Man Immortal," 1864; " Sermons," 1868. 27 vols. have been edited 189 by him, and pub. by the Book Concern. He has also been actively engaged as a preacher. Alumni Rec. Wesl &. Clark, DANIEL, lawyer and senator, b. Stratham, N.H., Oct. 29, 1809. Dartm. Coll. 1834. He began practice at Epping in Sept. 1837, and in Manchester in 1839; member N.H. legisl. 1842-3, 46, and 1854-5; U.S. senator, 1857-66, and pres. pro tern. 1864-5; judge U.S. District Court since 1866. Clarke, REV. DORUS, D.D.,b. Westhamp. Ms., Jan. 2, 1797. Wms. Coll. 1817. Some time pastor 4th Cong. Ch., Springfield, Ms. Author of " Lectures to Young People in Man ufacturing Villages ; " " Fugitives from the Es critoire of a Retired Editor," 1864. "Ortho dox Congregationalism and the Sects." 1871. Editor 2VTJS?! Puritan and the Christian Times in Boston, and of the Christian Parlor Maq. in N.Y. Clarke, GEN. ELIJAH, b. N.C. ; d. Wilkes Co., Ga., Dec. 15, 1799. He removed to Ga. in 1774; became a capt. in 1776, and disting. himself in engagements both with Indians and British on the frontiers of Ga. App. a col. of militia, and subsequently a brig.-gen., he de feated the British at Musgrove s Mill and Black- stocks, and contrib. greatly to the capture of Augusta in June, 1 781 . At the battle of Long Cane, he was severely wounded, and, on his recovery, joined the com. of Gen. Pickens. He afterward fought many battles, and made several treaties, with the Creek Indians. He was accused, in 1794, of a design to establish an independent govt. in the Creek nation, where he had settled in violation of law. Clarke, GEORGE, gov. of N.Y. from March, 1736 to 1743 ; d. Chester, Eng., 1763. Of an ancient family Jn Somersetshire, he was bred to the law, and assumed the administration as senior counsellor on the death of Gov. Cosby. His administration, like that of his predecessor, was agitated by contention with the assembly. Clark, GEORGE H., poet, b. Northamp ton, Ms., 1809. Inn-merchant at Hartford, Ct., and, besides contributing poems to news papers and magazines, has pub. " Now and Then," and "The News," poems of ab. 1,000 lines, and " Under Tow of a Trade Wind Surf," a coll. of sentimental and humorous pieces. Duyckinck. Clarky, GEORGE ROGERS, gen., b. Albe- marle Co., Va., Nov. 19, 1752 ; d. near Louis ville, Ky., Feb. 13, 1818. Originally a land- surveyor, he com. a company in Dunmore s army in 1774. In 1775, he went to Ky., and took com. of the armed settlers. In the spring of 1778, Maj. Clarke was intrusted by Gov. Henry of Va. with the com. of an exped. against the British fort at Kaskaskia, which he surprised and captured. He succeeded, also, in reducing other posts in this region, including that at Vincennes, which were organized into a county, under the jurisdiction of Va., and named Illinois. Promoted to col. by the Va. authorities, he applied himself successfully to the pacification of the Indian tribes. While thus engaged, he learned that Gov. Hamilton of Detroit had captured Vincennes, and that further blows were to be struck against Amer. posts. Anticipating the enemy, Col. Clarke commenced his march against Vincennes, Feb. 7, 1779,with 175 men, traversing a wilder ness and the drowned lands of Illinois, suffering every privation from wet, cold, and hunger. The place was besieged on the morning of the 19th, and was surrendered the next day. He intercepted a convoy of goods worth $10,000, and built Fort Jefferson on the west bank of the Mpi. In retaliation for the inroads of the British and Indians into Ky., in June, 1780, he led a force against the Shawnees on the Great Miami, defeating them, with heavy loss, at Pickawa. DuringArnold s invasion, Clarke took a temporary com. under Baron Steuben. He afterwards succeeded in raising a considerable force for an exped. against Detroit, and was made a brigadier ; but the progress of Cornwal- lis, and the poverty of the country, restricted the frontiersmen to the defensive. In Sept. 1782, Gen. Clarke, at the head of more than 1,000 mounted riflemen,assembled at the mouth of the Licking, invaded the Indian towns on the Scioto, burned five of their villages, and laid waste their plantations, producing a salu tary effect, and so awing the savages, that no formidable Indian war-party ever after invaded Ky. In 1786, Clarke com. an exped. of 1,000 men against the Indians on the Wabash. It was a failure. His great services to his coun try were passed over, and he d. in poverty and obscurity. A Sketch of his Campaign in 111. in 1778-9, by H. Pirtle, was pub. 8vo, Cincinnati, 1869. Clark, GEN. ISAAC, d. Castleton, Vt., Jan. 31, 1822, a. 73. Member of the Const. Conv., and many years chief-judge of the Vt. Co. Court, a soldier of the Revol., and col. llth U.S. Inf., Mar. 12, 1812. Com. a successful exped. against Massequoi, L. Canada, Oct. 12, 1813. Clark, J. HENRY, M.D., physician and author, b. Livingston, N.J., June 23, 1814 ; d. Montclair, N.J., March 6, 1869. U. of N.Y. 1841. He studied medicine in N.Y. and Eu rope, and settled in practice at Newark, ab. 1846, gaining a high reputation. He was some years pres. of the Essex Co. Med. Society. Author of " Sight and Hearing," 1856 ; " Med. Topography of Newark and its Vicinity," 1861 . Clark, COL. JAMES, b. July 1730; d. Leb anon, Ct., Dec. 29, 1826. Descended from Daniel, an early settler of Windsor, Ct. A capt. in Putnam s regt., and disting. at Bun ker s Hill ; made lieut.-col of Huntington s regt. Nov. 4, 1775, and was disting. at Harlem Heights and White Plains. Clark, JAMES, gov. Ky., 1836-9, b. near the Peaks of Otter, Bedford Co., Va., 1779 ; d. Frankfort, Ky., Aug. 27, 1839. His father having moved to Clark Co., Ky., James prac tised law in Winchester in 1797 ; was several times a member of the State legisl., was judge of the Court of Appeals, 1810-12 ; M.C. 1813- 16 and 1825-31 ; judge of the Circuit Court, 1817-24, and member of the State senate, and speaker, in 1 832. Collins s Hist. Ky. Clarke, JAMES, journalist and politician, b. Westmoreland Co., Pa. ; d. near Burlington, Iowa, July 28, 1850, a. 38. He went to St. Louis in 1836, then to Beloit, Wis., where he was territorial printer, and in 1837 to Barling- 190 ton, Iowa, where he conducted the Territorial, now State Gazette, until the winter of 1839-40, when he was app. sec. of the Terr. ; resumed the conduct of that paper from 1843 to 1845 ; was gov. of the Terr, in 1846, and again edited the Gazette, from the fall of 1848, till his death. Clarke, JAMES FREEMAN, D.D. (H.U. 1863), clergyman, b. Hanover, N.H., April 4, 1810. H. U. 1829 ; Camb. Div. School, 1833. Pastor of the Unitarian Church at Louisville, Ky., from 1833 to 1840, of the Church of the Disciples, Boston, from 1841 to 1850, and from 1 853 to the present time. He edited the Western Messenger at Louisville, 1836-9 ; translated De Wette s "Theodore," 2 vols., 1840; pub. "Life and Military Servicesof Gen. Wm. Hull," 1848 ; " Eleven Weeks in Europe," 1851 ; " Christian Doctrine of Forgiveness," 1852; "Service- Book and Hymn-Book for the Church of the Dis ciples," 1844,1856; "Memoirs of the Mar chioness D Ossoli," 1852 ; " Christian Doctrine of Prayer," 1854 and 1856 ; " Ten Great Re ligions," 1870; also occasional sermons, poems, articles in reviews, &c. In 1864, he delivered a tercentenary discourse on Shak- speare in Boston. Dr. Clarke has ever been devoted to practical reforms, to the im provement of the forms of worship and fellow ship, and was long engaged in the antislavery movement. The worship of the Church of the Disciples combines the features of re sponses on the part of the congregation, as in the English Church, the extempore prayer of the Congregationalists, and the silent prayer of the Friends. His treatises on prayer and forgiveness have attracted much attention. Clarke, JOHN, a founder of R.I., b. Bed- fordsh. Eng., Oct. 8, 1609; d. Newport, April 20, 1676. He was a physician in Lond., came to Ms. soon after its settlement, but espousing the canse of Anne Hutchinson, and publicly claiming, with Roger Williams, full license for religious belief, was obliged to flee from the Colony. Welcomed by Roger Williams, the fugitives formed themselves into an organiza tion, March 7, 1637-8, and obtained from the Indians Aquidneck, which they named the Isle of Rhodes, or Rhode Island. The settlement began at Pocasset, in 1638 ; and Mr. Clarke, who commenced preaching, founded at New port in 1644, and became pastor of, the second Baptist Church in Amer. In 1649, he was treas. of the Colony-. Visiting his friends in Lynn, while preaching there, July 24, 1651, he was arrested, was taken before the court, and was condemned, for what were adjudged false teachings, to pay a fine of 20, or be publicly whipped. He proposed a discussion, but was obliged to pay his fine, and was ordered to leave the Colony. He was sent to Eng., with Roger Williams, in 1651, as an agent of the Colony of R.I., and there pub., in 1652, "111 News from New England; or, a Narrative of New England s Persecution." Remaining 12 years in Eng., he succeeded in obtaining a revocation of Coddington s commission as gov., and finally procured a second charter for the Colony, which secured to every person complete freedom in matters of religious concernment. Returning in 1663, he resumed his pastorate at Newport, retaining it till his death, and was for 3 suc cessive years dep. gov. of the Colony. In his will, he left his farm for charitable purposes, the income of it only to be expended ; and it has since produced annually about $200. Duyckinck. Clarke, JOHN, D.D. (U. of Edinb.), Cong, minister, b. Portsmouth, N.H., April 13, 1755 ; d. April 2, 1798. H.U. 1774. He became a teacher, and was ord. pastor of the First Church, as colleague with Dr. Chauncey, July 8, 1778. He pub. a tract, entitled "An Answer to the Question, Why are you a Christian?" 1797, and " A letter to a Student at Coll.," 1796. A vol. of his sermons was pub. in 1799, and " Discourses to Young Persons " in 1804. Clarke, JOHN, gov. of Del., 1 816-17 ; d. Smyrna, Del., Aug. 1821. Clarke, GEN. JOHN, gov. of Ga., 1819-23, b. 1766 ; d. West Fla., Oct. 15, 1832. At 16, he was app. lieut., then capt., of militia. He fought under his father, Gen. Elijah Clarke, in the Revol. army ; at the siege of Augusta ; and, at the battle of Jack s Creek in 1787, greatly disting. himself, and attained the rank of maj.- gen. of the State militia. At a critical period in the War of 1812, he was app. by the gov. to the com. of the forces destined to defend the sea- coast of Ga. Clarke, JOHN A., D.D., Pr.-Ep. clergy man and author, b. Pittsfield, Ms., May 6, 1801 ; d. Nov. 27, 1843. Rector of St. An drew s Church, Phila. Un. Coll. 1823. He early became a popular preacher and writer. He pub. " Gathered Fragments," " Awake, Thou Sleeper," " The Pastor s Testimony," " The Young Disciple," " Gleanings by the Way," and " A Walk about Zion." "Glimpses of the Old World " was pub., with a memoir of the author, by the Rev. S. H. Tyng, in 2 vols., 8vo, Lond., 1847. Clark, JOHN B., lawyer, b. Madison Co., Ky., April 17, 1802. Removing to Mo., he was clerk of Howard Co. Court, 1824-34 ; com. a mounted regt. in Black Hawk war; maj.- gen. of militia, 1848; member of legisl. 1850- 51 ; as gen. of militia, expelled the Mormons from Mo. ; M.C. from 1857, until expelled in July, 1861. Clark, REV. JONAS, minister of Lexing ton, and Revol. patriot, b. Newton, Ms., Dec. 25, 1730; d. Lexington, Nov. 15, 1805. H.U. 1752. Ord. successor of Mr. Hancock at Lex ington, Nov. 5, 1755, he proved an able and faithful minister. He was disting. as a patriot, and saw his people shot down at their doors on the 19th of April, 1775. During the war, him self and parishioners religiously observed the anniversary of this event. He pub. sermons, and "Narrative of the Lexington Battle," 1776. Allen. Clark, LABAN, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1853), Methodist clergyman, b. Haverhill, N.H., July 19, 1778; d. Middletown, Ct., Nov. 28, 1868. He received an academical education at Brad ford, Vt. ; began to preach in 1800 ; joined the N.Y. Conference in 1801, and for 50 years was a successful and able preacher in N.Y., N. E., and Canada. He was one of the founders of the Methodist Ep. Miss. Society in 1819, and also of the Wesleyan U. at Middletown, Ct., where he fixed his residence in 1851. 191 Clark, Louis GATLORD, editor, b. Otisco, N.Y. 1810. He and his twin-brother Willis were chiefly educated by their father, a Revol. soldier, and a man of reading and observation. In 1834, Louis became editor of the Knicker bocker Magazine. His contribs., called " The Editor s Table," and " Gossip with Readers and Correspondents," display humor, pathos, culture, and geniality. In 1852, "Knick- Knacks from an Editor s Table," selected from the magazine, appeared in an 8vo vol. He had previously pub. a selection of papers by Ir ving and others, called " The Knickerbocker Sketches." In 1855, the leading Amer. con tribs. to his magazine pub. " The Knickerbocker Gallery," illustrated with their portraits, and consisting wholly of their original contribs. The design was to purchase a cottage residence for Mr. Clark at Piermont on the Hudson, where he died Nov. 3, 1873. Clarke, MCDONALD, poet, b. N. London, Ct., June 18, 1798; d. N.Y., Mar. 5, 1842. He went to N.Y. City in 1819 ; m. an actress, and was for many years one of the features of Broadway ; was always celebrating in verses the belles of the town and the topics of the day, and was familiarly known as the " mad poet." His oddities were all amiable ; he had no vices ; always preserved a gentility of deportment, and was a regular attendant at the fashionable Grace Church. His poems were humorous, sentimental, and indignant, and have a vein of tenderness pervading all their grotesqueness and irregularity. They contain many touches of delicate human sensibility. They are now rare, though several times pub. ; some of their titles being, " A Review of the Eve of Eter nity, and other Poems," 1820; "The Elixir of "Moonshine," by the Mad Poet, 1822; " The Gossip," 1825; ""Poetic Sketches," 1825; " The Belles of Broadway ; " " Death in Dis guise," a temperance poem, 1833; "Poems," 1836. His last effusion, "A Cross and a Coronet," was pub. 1841 Appleton s Cyclop. Clarke, NEWMAN S., brev. brig . -gen. U.S.A. ; d. San Francisco, Oct. 16, 1860. App. from Vt. ensign llth Inf., Mar. 12, 1812; adj. 1813; brig.-maj. to Gen. Ripley, 1814; brev. capt. " for gallantry in the battle of Niagara," July 25, 1814; capt. Oct. 1814; brev. maj. July 25,1824; maj. 2d Inf., July 21, 1834; lieut.-col. 8th Inf., July 7, 1838 ; col. 6ih Inf., June 29, 1846 ; com. brig, in Mexico in 1847 ; brev. brig.-gen. " for siege of Vera Cruz," Mar. 29, 1847. Gardner. Clark, RUFUS WHEELWRIGHT, D.D. (U. of N.Y. 1862), Presb. minister, b. Newbury- port, Ms., 1813. Y.C. 1838. Rector of the North Church, Portsmouth, until Dec. 1851 ; of the Maverick Church, E. Boston, from Dec. 1851 to 1S58 ; now of the D. R. Church, Al bany. Has pub. " Heaven and its Scriptural Emblems ; " " Memoir of Rev. John E. Em erson," 1851; "Lectures to Young Men," "Review of Prof. Stuart on Slavery," 1850; " Romanism in America," 1859 ; " Life- Scenes of the Messiah ; " also pamphlets, ser- njons, &c., and contribs. to various journals. Clarke, SAMUEL (1599-1682), pastor in Saint Bonnet Fink, Lond., pub. " A True and Faithful Account of the Four Chiefest Plan tations of the English in America/ Lond., folio, 1670 ; also a number of theol. works. ; " New Description of the World," 1689, fol. Clark, SAMUEL A., Epis. minister, b. New- buryport, Ms. Has pub. " Memoir of Rev. Albert W. Day," prefaced to Day s Sermons, 8vo, 1846; "History of St. John s Church, Elizabethtown,N.J." ( 1703-1 857), Phila., 1857, 12mo. Clark, SHELDON, benefactor of Yale Coll., b. Oxford, Ct., Jan. 31, 1785 ; d. there Apr. 10, 1840. He studied under the direction of Pres. D wight, and became a farmer. He founded, in 1823, a prof, of moral philos. and metaphysics at Y.C. ; afterwards established a scholarship fund; bought for the coll. a superior telescope, and bequeathed to iyffie residue of his property, $15,000. Clark, THOMAS, author of a " Naval Hist, of the U.S.," 2 vols., 1813-14, and " Sketches of the Naval Hist, of the U.S.," 1813; app. from Pa. lieut. of art., Apr. 1813 ; assist, topog. engr., rank of capt., 1 Apr. 1813 ; disbanded, June, 1815. Gardner. Clark, THOMAS MARCH, D.D. (Trin. Coll. 1851), LL.D. (Cantab. 1867), bishop of R.I., b. Newburyport, Ms., July, 1812. Y.C. 1831. Ord. 1836; consec. Providence, Dec. 16, 1854. Has pub. " Lectures on the Formation 3f Character," 1852; "Purity, a Source of Strength," "The Efficient S.S. Teacher," "An Efficient Ministry," " Early Discipline," 1855. Clark/, GEN. WILLIAM, explorer, and gov. of La. Terr. 1813-20, b. Va., Aug. 1, 1770; d. St. Louis, Sept. 1, 1838. In 1784, he removed to where Louisville now stands, where his bro. George Rogers had built a fort. He served in campaigns against the Indians, was adj. and quartermaster in 1793, resigned in 1796. App. lieut. of art. in 1803, and joined with Meri- wether Lewis in the north-western expl. exped. which left St. Louis in Mar. 1804, returned in the fall of 1806, and kept the journal of the exped., afterwards pub. He was then made In dian agent, and afterward brig.-gen. of Upper La. App. supt. of Indian affairs in May, 1822, he made treaties with many tribes. Four of his bros. were disting. in the Revol. One fell in the struggle, another was killed by the Indians on the Wabash. Well acquainted with Indian character and habits, he was ever considerate in his treatment ef them. Clark, WILLIS GAYLORD, miscell. writer, bro. of Louis, b. Otisco, N.Y., 1810 ; d. Philu., June 12, 1841. He gave early indications of literary talent ; established a weekly journal at Phila. in 1830, which was soon abandoned ; be came co-editor with Dr. Brantley of the Colum bian Star, a religious and literary weekly; and was subsequently, until his d., editor and pro prietor of the Phila. Gazette. In Sept. 1833, he recited his longest poem, " The Spirit of Life "before the Franklin Soc. of B.U. In 1844, a vol. of his literary remains, including " Ollapodiana," poems, and magazine articles, was pub. A complete ed. of his poems was pub. in 1847, under the supervision of his bro. He was a frequent contrib. to the annuals and magazines, particularly the N. Y. Knickerbocker, in which appeared the original, racy, and fan ciful papers, entitled "Ollapodiana." 192 Clarkson, COL. MATHEW, a disting. Re- vol. officer; d.N.Y. City, April 22, 1825, a. 66. His great-grandfather, Mathew, 13 years sec. of the province, d. in the autumn of 1708, the year of the great sickness. He was aide-de camp to Gen. Gates in the battle of Stillwater, and, while carrying an order in front of the lines, was severely wounded in the neck. He had previously been aide to Arnold, and was wounded at Fort Edward, in July, 1777. In his later years, he was vice-pres. of the Am. Bible Society. Clary, ALBERT G., capt. U.S.N., b. Ms., May 8, 1815. Midshipm. May 8, 1832; lieut. Apr. 11, 1845 ; com. July 16, 1862; capt. Nov. 21,1866. Attached to the sloop "Treble," present at Tuspan and Tabasco, during the Mexican war ; comg. steamer " Anacostia," Potomac flotilla in engagement at Acquia Creek, May 31 and June 1, 1861 ; battle of Port Royal, Nov. 7, 1861 ; com. steamer "Mt. Vernon,* N.A.B. squad., 1862; steamer "Ti- 0a," W.I. squad., 1863; steamsloop " Daco- tah," N.A.B. squad., 1864; steamsloop " Semi- nole," W. Gulf squad., 1864-5. Hamersly. Clason, ISAAC STARR, author and actor, b. New York, 1789 ; d. Lond., 1834. The son of a wealthy merchant. He possessed brilliant natural parts. He received a good education, and inherited a fortune, which he soon dissipat ed; and he supported himself as a writer, teacher of elocution, and actor. He appeared at the Bowery and Park Theatres in leading parts, but with moderate success. In 1825, he pub. 2 cantos of " Don Juan," supplementary to the work of Lord Byron, which, probably, approach nearer to the brilliant original than any other of its numerous imitations. In 1826, he pub. poems, entitled " Horace in New York." He is also the author of some feeling lines to the memory of Thomas Addis Emmett. Having gone to London as a theatrical adventurer, and being reduced to poverty, he sealed up, in com pany with his mistress, the room in which they lodged, lighted a fire of charcoal, and died by its fumes. Claviere (kla -veair ), ETIENNE, states man and financier, b. Geneva, 1735 ; d. Dec. 8, 1793. He was forced from political reasons to emigrate to France. Displaying great zeal in the re vol. in France, he was app. minister of finance in Mar. 1792, but, on the fall of the Gi rondists, was imprisoned, and committed sui cide. He accomp. Brissot in his tour in the U.S. in 1783, and pub., in conjunction with him, " De la France et des Jtftats Unis" transl. and pub. in Lond., 1788. Clavigero (kla-ve-ha -ro), FRANCISCO SA- VERIO, a Mexican historian, b. Vera Cruz, Mexico, ab. 1720; d. Cesena, Italy, Oct. 1793. Educated as an ecclesiastic, and resided nearly 40 years in the provinces of New Spain, where he acquh ed the languages of the Mexicans and other indigenous nations, collected many of their traditions, and studied their historical paintings and other monuments of antiquity. After the suppression of the order of Jesuits, of which he was a member (1767), he retired to Cesena. The fruit of his researches was a " His tory of Mexico," written in Italian, an Eng lish translation of which was pub. in 2 vols., 4to, 1787. This work affords much information relative to the natural and civil history, anti quities, and religion of Mexico. Claxton, ALEXANDER, commodore U.S. N., b. Md., ab. 1790; d. March 7, 1841, at Tal- cahuana, Chili, while in com. of the squad ron in the Pacific Ocean. Entering the navy in June, 1806, he was promoted to a lieut. Jan. 8, 1813, and served in the sloop-of-war " Wasp," in her action with " The Frolic," Oct. 18, 1812. Master com. March 28, 1820 ; capt. Feb. 22, 1831. His son, Col. F. S. CLAXTON, invented the mitrailleur, or canister-battery, recently introduced in France. His brother THOMAS, roidshipm. U.S.N., Dec. 17, 1810, mortally wounded at the battle of Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813; d. early in Oct. Clay, CASSIUS MARCELLUS, politician, son of Gen. Green Clay, b. Madison Co., Ky., Oct. 19, 1810. Y.C. 1832. He practised law ; was a member of the Ky. legisl. in 1835, 37, and 40, and of thenat. Whig conv. of 1840 at Harris- burg. The improved jury system, and the common school system, of Ky., are principally due to his efforts while in the legisl. He de nounced the scheme for the annexation of Texas ; stumped the Northern States in favor of Henry Clay, Whig candidate for the Pres. in 1844, and June 3, 1845, issued, in Lexing ton, Ky., the first number of the True Ameri can, a weekly antislavery paper. In Aug., his press was seized by a mob ; and it was afterward printed in Cincinnati, and pub. in Lexington, whither he had removed in 1840, and afterward in Louisville. Capt. in the Mex. war, and made prisoner at Encarnacion, 23 Jan. 1847. He aided in nominating Taylor to the presi dency in 1848 ; called a convention of emanci pationists at Frankfort in 1849 ; separated from the Whig party in 1850, and, as an antislavery candidate for gov., received nearly 5,000 votes. App. maj.-gen. U.S. vols., 11 Apr. 1862; re signed, Mar. 11, 1863; minister to Russia, 1862-9. A vol. of his speeches, edited by Horace Greeley, was pub. in 8vo, 1848. Clay, CLEMENT COMER, jurist and states man, b. Halifax Co., Va., Dec. 17, 1789; d. Huntsville, Ala., Sept. 9, 1866. U. of East Tenn. His father, Wm. Clay, a Revol. soldier, after the war settled in Granger Co., Tenn., where he d. Aug. 4, 1841. He was adm. to the bar in 1809, and in 1811 removed to Hunts ville, Ala. During the Creek war (1813), he saw some service as a soldier. In 1817, he was elected to the territorial council of Ala. ; in 1819, he was chosen one of the judges of the Circuit Court ; in 1820 was chosen chief-justice, and resigned in 1823. In 1828, he was elected to the State legisl., and was made speaker ; M.C. 1829-35; conspicuous as an advocate and defender of the leading measures of Jack son s administration ; govTof Ala. in 1836 and 1837, and U.S. senator from 1837 to 1842, and a supporter of Van Buren s administration. His son, C. C., jun., was U.S. senator from Ala. Clay,CLEMENT COMER, jun., son of the pre ceding, also U.S. senator from Ala., b. Madi son Co., 1819. He grad. from the law dept. of the U. of Va. in 1839; was adm. to the bar in 1840 ; was elected to the legisl . in 1842 and 1844 ; judge of the county court, 1846-8: 193 took his scat in the U.S. senate in Dec. 1854, and was re-elected for 6 years, from March 4, 1859. In Dec. 1857, he pronounced a brief but eloquent oration on the occasion of the death of Senator Butler of S.C. In the spring of 1858, he delivered a speech in favor of the ad mission of Kansas under the Lecompton con stitution. He also spoke in favor of a bill re pealing the bounty on vessels engaged in the Newfoundland fisheries. He left his post in Feb. 1861, to take part in the slaveholders Re bellion, as a senator in the Confed. congress. After the surrender of Lee, he took refuge in Canada. Clay, EDWARD W., caricaturist, b. Phila., 1792; d. N.Y. City, Dec. 31, 1857. He was a relative of Henry Clay; had a liberal educa tion ; served as a midshipman under Perry, then turned his attention to the law, and, though very young, was at once app. prothon- otary of Phila. His artistic tastes, however, led him to Europe, and he studied the old mas ters for 3 years. On his return to Phila., he sketched " The Rats Leaving the Falling House," on the dissolution of Jackson s cabi net. This brought him into notice, and, for more than 20 years, he was a noted caricatur ist. Failure of eyesight caused him to accept the offices of clerk of the Chancery Court, and of the Orphan s Court, Del., which he held for several years. Clay, GREEN, gen., b. Powhatan Co., Va., Aug. 14, 1757; d. Oct. 31, 1826. He emi grated to Ky. before he was 20 ; became a dep. surveyor ; afterwards a surveyor on his own account, and, by locating lands, laid the foun dation of a fortune. He was a representative of the Ky. dist. in the Va. legisl. ; was a mem ber of the Va. convention which ratified the Federal Constitution in 1789, and was a leader of the convention which formed the Ky. consti tution in 1799. He served for a long time in both branches of the State legisl., and was speaker of the senate. App. brig.-gen. March 29, 1813, he led 3,000 Ky. vols. to the relief of Fort Meigs, and forced the enemy to withdraw. Gen. Harrison left him in com. of Fort Meigs, which he skilfully defended from the attack of a large force of British and Indians under Gen. Proctor and Tecumseh. Clay, HENRY, orator and statesman, b. Hanover Co., Va., Apr. 12, 1777; d. Washing ton, D.C., June 29, 1852. His father, a Baptist minister, d. when Henry was 5 years old. He was taught the rudiments of education in a log-cabin schoolhouse ; labored on a farm, and, at 15, entered the office of the clerk of the Chancery Court ; adm. to the bar in Nov. 1797, he opened an office in Lexington, Ky. ; soon acquired extensive practice, and gained repute in criminal cases. He was elected to the legisl. in 1803 and in 1807-8, and was speaker in 1808; U.S. senator, 1806-7 and 1809-10; M.C. and speaker, 1811-14; a commissioner to Ghent, to trdat for peace, in 1814 and 1815 ; again M.C. 1815-21 and 1823-5, and 5 times re-elected speaker; sec. of State, 1825-9, and again senator, 1831-42. He was an unsuccess ful candidate for Pres. in opposition to Jack son in 1832, and again in 1844, when defeated by Polk, the Deraoc. nominee. Though de- 13 feated, he was long the most popular man in the U.S. He was in the senate for the last time in 1849-52, and took a leading part in the compromise measures of 1850. Mr. Clay re ceived from Madison the successive offers of the mission to Russia, and a place in the cabinet, and, from Monroe, a cabinet office and the mis sion to Eng., all of which he declined. In Con gress, his eloquence roused the country for the War of 1812 with Eng.; contrib. to secure the recognition of S. Amer. Independence, to inau gurate a system of internal improvements, and the protection of Amer. industry. Pie advocated a thorough Amer. policy, to the exclusion of European influence on this continent. S(.m>: of his most eloquent speeches were said to have been made to Ky. juries in criminal cases, be fore he had passed his 25th year. He fought a duel with Humphrey Marshall in 1808, and subsequently with John Randolph, who had attacked the administration of J. Q. Adams. He was interested in the Colonization Society, and was for a time its pres. His Life and Let ters were pub., and also his Speeches, by Calvin Colton, 1846-57. His widow, Lucretia Hart, d. Louisville, Apr. 6, 1864, a. 83. THOMAS HART CLAY, his son, min. to Nicaragua during Lincoln s administ., and afterwards to Hon duras, d. Lexington, Ky., Mar. 18, 1871, a 68. Clay, HENRY, lieut.-col., b. Ky., April 10, 1811; killed, Feb. 23, 1847, at the battle of Bucna Vista. Transylv. U. 1828 ; West Point, 1831. Son of Hon. H. Clay. He applied him self to the study of the common and civil law ; twice represented his native county of Fayette in the general assembly, 1835-7. He became lieut.-col. of McKee s regt. Ky. Vols. in the Mexican war, June 9, 1846, ami extra aide-de- camp to Gen. Taylor, Oct. 5, 1846. Clay, JAMES B., M.C. 1857-9, son of Hen ry, b. Washington, D. C., Nov. 9, 1817; d. Montreal, Jan. 26, 1864. Transylv. U. At 15, he went to Boston, spent two years in a count ing-house ; then settled upon a farm near St. Louis ; at 21, removed to Ky. ; was engaged two years in manufactures. He then studied at the Lexington Law School, and practised as the partner of his father until 1849, when he was app. chargg d affaires to Lisbon. A change in the administration soon brought him home. He resided again at Mo. from 1851 to 1853, when he became the proprietor of Ashland. He was also a member of the peace conven tion of 1861 ; but, fraternizing with the Rebel lion, he died in involuntary exile, and, it is said, through his own excesses. Clay, COL. JOSEPH ; d. Savannah, Ga., Jan. 1805. He was a member of the Revol. committee of 1774-5; member of the Cont. Cong. 1778-80, and judge of the Dist. Court of Ga. 1 796-1 801 . Paym.-gen. of the Southern dept. in the Revol. Ga. Hist. Colls. Clay, REV. JOSEPH, lawyer and clergyman, son of the preceding, b. Savannah, Ga., Aug. 16, 1764 ; d. Boston, Jan. 11, 1811. N.J. Coll. 1784. He studied law, rose to the highest em inence in his profession ; was a leading mem ber of the State Const. Conv., and was U. S. dist. judge of Ga., 1796-1801. In 1802, he entered the Baptist ministry. Ord. Sav. 194 1SU4; installed colleague with Dr. Stillman, Boston, Aug. 19, 1807 ; dism. Nov. 1808; vis ited Savannah, but returned to Boston, 1810. Clayborne, WILLIAM, an early Va. colo nist, received in 1627, from the gov. of V;i., au thority to discover the head of Chesapeake Bay, or any part of Va. from lat. 34 to 41 N. In 1631, King Charles granted him a license to make discoveries, and trade. He established a trading-post on Kent Island, in Chesapeake Bay, near Annapolis. Ejected by Lord Balti more, he took refuge in the more settled part of Va. ; and his estate on Kent Island was seized by the Md. authorities as forfeited. He went to Eng. with witnesses, presented a pe tition to Charles I., setting forth his griev ances ; and, in 1638, the king severely repri manded Lord Baltimore for having, in viola tion of his royal commands, ousted Clayborne from his rightful possessions on Kent Island, and slain several persons inhabiting there. Nev ertheless, in 1639, the commissioners of plan tations decided in favor of Lord Baltimore. In 1645, taking ad vantage of the civil war in Eng., at the head of a body of armed insurgents, he expelled Leonard Cal vert, dep.-gov., and seized upon the govt. In 1646, Calvert was re-instat ed ; but Clayborne escaped with impunity. In 1651, he was app. a commissioner to reduce Va. to obedience to the Commonwealth of Eng. Bennet and Clayborne, in " The Gui nea," frigate, reduced Md. also to obedience ; the former was made gov., and Clayborne, sec. of State. After the restoration, he was superseded in the office of sec. He was a member of the court-martial that tried the prisoners in Ba con s rebellion. He lived in New Kent Co., and d. at an advanced age. His descendants, now numerous, spell the name Claibome. Clayton, AUGUSTIK SMITH, jurist, b. Fredeheksburg, Va., Nov. 27, 178-3 ; d. Athens, Ga,, June 21, 1839. U. of Ga. 1804, and sub sequently a tutor there. He practised law with eminent success; served in the State legisl., which, in 1810, app. him to compile the statutes of Ga. from 1800; was judge of the Superior Court of the western circuit, from 1819 to 1825, and from 1828 to 1831, when he was superseded for maintainingjin opposition to the policy of the State, the right of the Cherokee Indians to dig gold on their lands ; M. C. 1831-5, and a prom inent opponent of the tariffand the U. S. Bank. He was a proficient in the classics, and in high esteem as an able writer. He acquired some distinction as a politician, and is said to have written the political pamphlet called " Crock ett s Life of Van Buren." He pub. "Laws of Georgia, 1800-10," Augusta, 4to, 1812. Clayton, JOHN, botanist, b. Fulham, Eng., 1686; d. Va., Dec. 15, 1773. Ab. 1706, he emigrated to Va., where his father was, atty.- gen., and resided near Williamsburg. Edu cated a physician, he was an indefatigable bot anist ; passed a long life in exploring and de scribing the plants of his country, and is sup posed to have enlarged the botanical catalogue as much as any man who ever lived. 15 years clerk of Gloucester Co. J. Clayton s letter to the Roy. Soc., May 12, 1688, giving an ac count of several observables in Va., is in Force s Tracts. Vol. III. His essays on the natu ral history of Va. were pub. in the " Phil. Transactions " of the Roy. Soc. of Lond. He also sent dried specimens of the flora of Va. to Gronovius, who, with Linnaeus, pub. an ac count of a portion of them at Leyden, 2 parts, in 1739-43. After the death of Gronovius, the remainder were described in a 3d part by his son, in 1762, who gave Clayton s name to a genus of plants. Clayton, JOHN MIDDLETON, LL.D. (Y.C. 1846), ttittcsman and jurist, b. Sussex Co., Del., July 24, 1796; d. Dover, Del.. Nor. 9, 1856. Y. C. 1815. He was bred U the bar, having studied at the Litchfield Law School ; commenced practice in 1818, and soon attained eminence in his profession. He was in 1824 elected to the State legisl., and subsequently sec. of State; from 1829 to 1837 was U. S. senator; chief-justice from 1837 to 1839 ; again U. S. senator from 1845 to 1849, when he be came U. S. sec. of State under Pres. Taylor, which position he occupied until the death of Taylor in July, 1850. He was a third time U. S. senator, from Mar. 1851, until his death, and vindicated with marked ability the princi ples of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty, which he negotiated in 1850. He was an active and in fluential member of the convention to revise the State constitution in 1831. in the U. S. senate, he delivered a speech during the famous debate on Foote s resolution, which secured for him a place among the leading members of the body. He also made an impressive argu ment in favor of paying the claims for French spoliations. One of his most remarkable speeches was on Pres. Pierce s veto of the act ceding public lands for an insane asylum. Clayton, JOSHUA, physician and states man, d. Del., Aug. 1798. He practised medi cine many years. During the scarcity of Peruvian bark in the Revol. war, he success fully substituted for it in his practice a mixture of poplar and the root of the dogwood in nearly equal parts, and half the quantity of the interior bark of the white-oak. He was pres. of Del. from 1789 to 1793; gov. 1793-6, and U.S. senator, 1798. Clayton, POWELL, gov. Ark. 1866-71 ; U.S. senator for the term 1871-7. Before the war, he was a lawyer in Leavenworth, Kan. Early in 1861, made col. 1st Kan. cav. ; brig.- gen. 1864; May 6, 1863, he com. an exped. from Helena, Ark., to the White River to break up a guerilla band, and destroy Confed. stores, which was successful. He also com. a success ful exped. from Pine Bluff, Ark., in March, 1864, inflicting severe loss or die en:my. Clayton, THOMAS, senator and jurist of Del., b. 1778; d. Newcastle, Del., Aug. 21, 1854. M. C. 1813 to 1817; U.S. senator, from 1823 to 1826, and from 1837 to 1847 ; Mr. Clayton also served at different times in the State legisl. as well as in the offices of chief- justice of C. C. P. and of the Superior Court. He was opposed to the Mexican war. Cleaveland, COL. BENJ., Revol. soldier ; d. Wilkes Co., Ga. Before the war, he moved from CulpepperCo.,Va., to Wilkes Co., N.C. App., in 1775, ensign 2d N.C. regt. ; fought at Guilford, also in many actions against the Tories, and was one of the leaders and heroes 195 of King s Mountain. He was afterward sur veyor of Wilkes Co. An impediment in his speech prevented his attaining political dis tinction. His son JOHN was capt. of dragoons at the battle of Camden. Cleaveland, ELISHA LORD, D.D., Cong, clergyman, b. Topsfield, Ms., 25 Apr. 1806; d. N. Haven, Ct., 16 Feb. 1866. Bowd. Coll. 1829; And. Sem. 1832. Ord. 24 July, 1833, over the Third Cong. Church, N. Haven. He pub. some occas. sermons. Grandson of Rev. John of Ipswich, son of Dr. Nehemiah of Topsfield, 1760-26 Feb. 1837. Cleaveland, JOHN, minister of Ipswich, Ms., from 1747 to his d., Apr. 22, 1799, b. Canterbury, Ct., Apr. 22, 1722. Y.C. 1745. Descended from Moses of Woburn, Ms. He first ministered to a Separatist society in School Street, Boston, but declined settlement there. Chaplain in Col. Baglcy s regt. at Ticonderoga in 1758, and at Louisburg in 1759, and was in the army at Cambridge in 1775, and in Ct. and N.Y. in 1776 in the same capacity. He had a controversy with Dr. Mayhew, which brought out several ponderous pamphlets. He was an energetic and successful preacher. He pub. a " Narrative of the Work of God at Chebacco in 1763-4," an essay in defence of the atonement, and a treatise on infant baptism, 1784. Cleaveland, PARKER, M.D., LL.D., mineralogist, b. Rowley, Ms., Jan. 15, 1780; d. Brunswick, Me., Oct. 15, 1858. H.U. 1799. Son of Rev. John and Mary, dau. of Parker Dodge. He taught school at Haverhill and York, Me. ; was tutor of math, at H.U. in 1803-5 ; prof, of math, and nat. phil. in Bowd. Coll., Me., 1805-28, and prof, of chem., mineral ogy, and nat. philos. there from 1828 to 1855. In the science of mineralogy, he had no equal in America ; and his proficiency procured him the honors of Amer. and foreign literary and scientific institutions. The mineralogical col lections of the coll. were made very complete by his zealous and laborious explorations of the surrounding country. He aided the med. school at Bowd. Coll. in 1820, and was con nected with it as a lecturer on chemistry, dean, and librarian. He pub. "Elements of Mine ralogy and Geology," 1816, an enlarged edition in 1822, and a still larger one in 1856, pronounced the most useful work on the subject in the English language. Hem. Martha Bush of Cambridge, Ms. Cleaveland, CAPT. STEPHEN of theRevol. navy, b. E. Haddam, Ct., 1740; d. Salem, 1801. He went to sea at 14 ; was taken by a British press-gang in Boston in 1756, and kept in service till 1763. Soon after the Decl. of Indep., he was commissioned by Congress capt. in the navy, and brought from Bordeaux valuable munitions of war. His son, RICHARD JAFFREY of Salem, has pub. his " Voyages and Commercial Enterprises," 2 vols. From 1829 to 1834, he was U.S. vice-consul at Havana. Allen. Cleburne, PATRICK R., gen. C. S. A., b. near Queenstown, Ireland, Mar. 17, 1828; killed at the battle of Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1 864. At the age of 22, after 3 years ser vice as a private in the British army, he came to the U.S., settled at Helena, Ark., and stud ied law. He was in successful practice \\hen the war broke out ; enlisted as a private, but was soon promoted to col. In Mar. 1862, he was made a brig.-gen., and at Shiloh com. the 2d brigade of the 3d corps, being specially com mended for valor and ability. He was wounded at the battle of Perryville. Maj.-gen. Dec. 1862, com. a division of the right wing at Mur- freesboro and Chickamauga ; disting. himself in com. of the rear-guard at Mission. Ridge, and received the thanks of the rebel congress for his defence of Ringgold Gap. At Jonesboro , he covered the retreat of Hood s defeated army, and at Franklin he com. a corps when killed. He was very popular with both officers and men ; was skilful and daring in action, and possessed a commanding presence, being over 6 feet in height. Clemens, JEREMIAH, lawyer and politi cian, b. Huntsville, Ala., Dec. 28, 1814; d. there May 21, 1865. U. of Ala. 1833. He studied law at Transyl. U., Ky., and was adm. to the bar in 1834. In 1838, he was app. U.S. atty. for the northern dist. of Ala. ; was elected to the State legisl. in 1839-41, and 43, 44; in 1842, he raised a company of vols., and went to Texas. Having volunteered for the Mexi can war, he was app. maj. 13th Inf., Mar. 3, 1847; lieut.-col. 9th Inf., July 16, 1847; col. Apr. 1848. In 1848, he was app. gov. of the civil and military dept. of purchases in Mexico, and was U.S. senator from 1849 to 1853. In 1855, though previously a Democrat, he publicly advocated the principles of the Amer. party. Member of the Ala. convention which voted the State out of the Union, but protested against its action. He afterwards held office under the Confederacy, but, in 1864, advocated the re-election of Lincoln. He was eminent at the bar and in debate. He pub. " Bernard Lile," 1856; "Mustang Gray," 1857, a story of the times of Aaron Burr and Alex. Hamilton; and " Tobias Wilson," 1865. Lanman. Clemens, SAMUEL LANGHORNK, " Mark Twain/ humorist, b. Florida, Monroe Co., Mo., 30 Nov. 1835. Entered journalism in Virginia, Nevada, in 1862 ; continued in it 3 years there, 3 years in San Francisco, and one in Buffalo. A uthor of " The Jumping Frog, and other Sketches," 12mo, 1867; "The In nocents Abroad," 8vo, 1869, of which 100,000 copies have been sold in two years. Contnb. of humorous sketches to " The Galaxy," 1870-1. Clerc, LAURENT, a deaf-mute, one of the founders and teachers of the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, Ct., b. La Balme, near Lyons, France, Dec. 26, 1785; d. Hart ford, July 18, 1869. His father was mayor of the commune 34 years. When ab. a year old, Laurent fell into the fire, was badly burned, and lost the sense of smell and hearing. Taken to Paris at the age of 12, to the Abbe Sicard, under whose skilful instructions he made rapid proficiency ; in 1 805 was app. tutor, and, in 1806, a teacher. While on a visit to Eng. in 1815, he made the acquaint ance of Dr. Gallaudet, who persuaded him to come to this country to lay the foundation of deaf-mute instruction. They arrived in N.Y., CLE 196 CLI Aug. 1816, opened the asylum at Hartford, April 15, 1817; and much of its success is doubtless due to his patient and earnest labors. He retired on a pension in 1858. His eldest son is an Episcopal clergyman of high repute at St. Louis. Cleveland, AARON, poet and clergyman, b. Haddam, Ct, Feb. 3, 1744; d. Sept. 21, 1815. Aaron, his father, a missionary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, dying when the son was but 13 years of age, the latter had little education. He was for many years a hatter in Norwich and in Guil- f ord, Ct., and was an active member of the legisl. At the age of 19, he produced a de scriptive poem of some merit, " The Philoso pher and Boy," " Family Blood," a burlesque poem ; soon after, became a Cong, minister ; pub. a poem on slavery in blank verse in 1775, and also wrote some satirical poems against the Jefferson ians. He preached in Royalton, Vt., and in N. Haven, but was never settled. His Memoir, by his grandson Arthur Cleveland Coxe, with extracts from his poems, is in " The Poets of Ct." Rev. CHARLES CLEVELAND, missionary among the poor of Boston, his son b. June 21, 1772 ; d. Boston, June 5, 1872. Cleveland, CHARLES DEXTER, LL.D. (U. of N.Y. 1866), author and scholar, b. Salem, Ms., Dec. 3, 1802; d. Phila., Aug. 18, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1827. Son of Rev. Charles of Boston. Originally in a counting- house ; prof, of Latin and Greek, Dick. Coll., 1S30-2 ; of Latin language and literature, U. of N.Y., in 1832-4, and, from Oct. 1834 till his health failed, taught a young ladies school in Phila. ; U.S. consul at Cardiff, Wales, in 1861-7. He is best known by his Compendiums of Eng lish, American, and classical literature, but has written a large number of school text-books. Also " Address of the Liberty Party of Pa. to the People of the State," 1844; "Hymns for Schools," 1850; and, in 1853, an ed. of Milton s poetical works, with a complete in dex ; "Lyra Sacra Americana," 1868; "The Moral Characters of Theophrastus," 1827 ; "Epitome of Grecian Antiquities," 1828, en larged in 1831. Alumni of D.C. Cleveland, CHAUNCEY F., LL.D., lawyer and statesman, b. Hampton, Ct., 1799. He received a common school education, studied law, was adm. to the bar in 1819 ; was in the legisl. in 1826-9, . 32, 5, 6, 8, 47, 8, and twice elected speaker; State atty. in 1832; gov. of Ct. in 1842 and 1843, and M.C. from 1849 to 1853; member of peace congress, Mar. 1861. Lanman. Cleveland, HENRY RUSSELL, writer of Boston ; d. St. Louis, Mo., June 12, 1843, a. 34. II. U. 1827. Son of Richard Jaffrey. He edited an approved edition of " Sallust," con- trib. to Sparks s " Amer. Biog." a " Life of Henry Hudson," also many pieces, of much excellence, both of style and thought, to our pe riodical literature, and pub. a little vol. on classical studies in 1834. He also pub. "Ad dress before the Harvard Musical Assoc.," 1840, 8vo, " Letter to Daniel Webster on the Causes of the Destruction of the Steamer Lexing ton," 1840; confrib. to the N. A. Rev. and the iV. E. Mag. A selection of his writings, with a Memoir by G. S. Hillard, was printed in Boston, 1844. Clevenger, SHOBAL L. VAIL, sculptor, b Middletown, O., 1812; d. at sea, Sept. 28 1843. In his youth, he was a stone-cutter in Cincinnati, and attracted attention by the fig ure of an angel, which he carved on a tomb. Removing to Boston, he executed busts of Web ster, Everett, Allston, Clay, Van Buren, and others. He afterwards executed similar works in Italy. Clifford, JOHN D. ; d. Lexington, Ky., May 8, 1820, a. 42. He formed a valuable cabinet of natural history, and pub. essays on the antiquities of the western country in the Western Review, 1819-20. Clifford, JOHN HENRY, LL.D., gov. of Ms., 1853-4, b. Providence, R.I., 16 Jan. 1809. Br. U. 1827; d. Jan. 2, 1876. Lawyer in N. Bedford; memb. Ms. legisl. 1835 ; atty.-gen. of Ms. ,1849-53 and 1854-8. Pres. Ms. senate, 1862. Clifford, NATHAN, jurist, b. Rumney, Grafton Co., N.H., Aug. 18, 1803. He stud ied at the Haverhill Acad. and at the Hamp ton Literary Inst ; studied law, and, after being adm. to the bar, removed to Me. in 1827. From 1830 to 1834, he was a member, and two years speaker, of the State legisl. ; was atty.- gen. of Me. from 1834 to 1838 ; M.C. from 1 839 to 1843 ; U.S. atty. -gen. from 1846 to Mar. 1847, when he was app. commissioner to Mexico, and was subsequently minister to that Repub lic. On his return to the U.S., he settled as a lawyer in Portland, and in 1858 was app. by Pres. Buchanan an assoc.-justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Author of U.S. Circuit Court Reports, 2 vols., 8vo., 1869. Lanman. Clifton, WILLIAM, poet, b. Phila., 1772 ; d. Dec. 1799. He was the son of a wealthy Quaker mechanic, and early displayed a taste for literature ; but his father brought him up strictly in the manners and principles of his sect. At the age of 19, the rupture of a blood vessel incapacitated him for active business, and enabled him to devote himself to the lite rary pursuits so much to his taste. Clifton was member of an association called the Anchor Club, combining social objects with that of "producing a disposition in the public mind towards war with France." He first contrib., in prose and verse, to the newspapers and other fugitive publications, exercising his pen in satires in support of Jay s treaty and the administration of Washington, the longest of which was entitled " The Group : " another of similar tenor, "A Rhapsody on the Times," was in Hudibrastic measure. He commenced a poem, entitled " The Chimeriad," which he left unfinished, in which he personifies with much spirit and boldness the genius of false philosophy then prevalent in France, in the character of the witch Chimera. Probably the best of his productions is the epistle to Gifford, pub. anonymously in the first Amer. edition of Gifford s poems. One of his best papers was a pretended French MS. in prose and verse, describing a descent of Talleyrand intc hell. He became also accomplished in music, drawing, and field-sports, and relinquished the Quaker dress. A collection of his poems was pub. in New York in 1800. C:LI 197 Clinch, DUNCAN L., brig.-gen. U. S. A., b N.C. ; d. Macon, Ga., Nov. 27, 1849, a. 51. App. a first lieut. 3d Inf., July 1, 1808, capt. 1810, lieut.-col. in Aug. 1813, col. 1819, and in 1829 was brev. a brig.-gen. When the Serai- nole war broke out in Florida, in 1835, Gen. Clinch was in com. of that dist. ; and in its earlier events he acted a conspicuous part. In the battle of Onithlecooche, Dec. 31, 1835, he displayed the most intrepid courage. He re signed his commission in Sept. 1836, and from 1843 to 1845 was M.C. from Ga. His dau. m. Jen. Robert Anderson. Clingman, THOMAS L., lawyer and poli tician, b. Huntsville, Surrey Co., N.C. U. of N.C. 1832. He studied law, but was elected to the H. of commons just as he was ab. to com mence practice. On his retirement from the legisl. in 1836, he removed to Ashville in Bun combe Co., where he ^till resides. He was soon after elected to the State senate, was M.C. from 1843 to 1858, with the exception of one terra, and, in Nov. 1858, was app. a U.S. sena tor. He has made con tabs, to the sciences of geology and mineralogy, and brought to light many facts connected with the mountains of N.C., one of the highest peaks of which now bears his name. While a member of Congress, he shared in almost all important debates, and acquitted himself with ability as chairman of the committee on foreign relations. Originally a Whig, he afterwards united himself with the Dcmoc. party. Expelled from the senate in "July, 1861, he took part in the Rebellion as a col. Lanman. Clinton, COL. CHARLES, soldier and judge, b. Longford Co., Ireland, 1690; d. Ulster, now Orange Co., N.Y., Nov. 19, 1773. His grand father, Wm., an officer in the army of Charles I., settled in Ireland. In May, 1729, with a number of relatives and friends, he chartered a ship to convey his party to Phila.; but the cap tain, having formed the design of starving them to death, either with a view to acquire their property, or deter emigration, landed them at Cape Cod, after receiving a large sum of money as a commutation for their lives. Many of the passengers died, among them a son and dau. of Mr. Clinton. In the spring of 1731, he removed to the county of Ulster, N.Y., where he formed a flourishing settlement, ab. 60 miles from the city of N.Y., and 8 miles from the Hudson River. Mr. Clinton pursued the occupation of a farmer and surveyor. He was soon app. a justice of the peace, county judge, and lieut.-col. of the militia of Uls ter Co. March 24, 1758, he was app. a lieut.-col. in DoLancey s regt., in which he served under Col. Bradstreet at the siege and capture of Fort Frontenac. Of four sons, ALEXANDER (N.J. Coll. 1750) was a physician, CHARLES was a surgeon in the army which took Ha vana (d. Apr. 1791 ), JAMES was maj.-gen., and GEORGE vice-pres. of the U.S. Rogers. Clinton, DEWITT, statesman, b. Little Britain, Orange Co., N.Y., 2 Mar. 1769; d. Albany, 11 Feb. 1828. Col. Coll. 1786. Son of Gen. James and Mary DeWitt. Adm. to the bar in 1788, but practised very little. Pri vate sec. to his uncle, Gov. George Clinton, 1790-5, and a leading champion, through the press, of his administration, and a Rcpuo. iu politics. Member of the legisl. in 1797, and in 1798-1802 of the State senate, and a leader of the Democ. party ; U.S. senator, 1802-3, and made a powerful speech on the navigation of the Mpi., and opposed a war with Spain ; mayor of N.Y. City, 1803-7, 1809-10, and 181 1-14, and, by his wise and efficient adminis tration, contrib. much to the prosperity of the city. The Historical Society and the Acud. of Fine Arts were established under his auspices. Offered the embassy to Eng. by Mr. Adams, he declined ; was a member of the State sen ate in 1805-11, and iieut.-gov. in 1811-13 Clinton was the political rival of Aaron Burr, and, after his disgrace, of Daniel* D. Tompkius, who excelled him in gaining popular favor. Opposed to the War of 1812, he was the peace candidate for the presidency in 1812, receiving 89 electoral votes, but was defeated by James Madison. He was the first pres. of the Lite rary and Philos. Soc., founded ab. 1814; ini tiated the construction of the Erie Canal in 1815, and was, in 181 6, canal commissioner, and pres. of the board, which post he also held in 1823-4; gov.ofN.Y. in 1817-22 and in 1824- 7. The opening of the Erie Canal was cele brated with great pomp in Oct. 1825, when Clinton was conveyed in a barge on a trium phal progress from Lake Erie to N.Y. City. He was pre-eminent for comprehensive views, and his liberal patronage of learning and of schools. In 1811, he delivered an elaborate discourse on the Iroquois, before the N.Y. Hist. Soc., and, in 1814, an introductory discourse before the Lit. and Philos. Soc., in whose Trans actions appeared in 1822 his "Letters on the Natural History and Internal Resources of the State of N.Y." See Renwick s Life of Clinton, 1 840 ; W. W. Campbell s Life of Clinton, 1849 ; D. Llosack s Life of Clinton, 1829. Clinton, ADMIRAL GEORGE, gov. of N.Y. Sept. 1743-Oct. 1753; d. gov. of Newfound land, 10 July, 1761. Youngest son of Francis, sixth Earl of Lincoln. App. commodore and gov. of Newfoundland, 1732. May 21, 1741, app. gov. of N.Y., his want of skill in civil af fairs peculiarly exposed him to the tumults and commotions of colonial govt. In his contro versies with the assembly, Golden, afterwards Iieut.-gov., was his champion with the pen ; his chief opponent being Horsemanden. Clinton afterwards became gov. of Greenwich hospital ; in 1745 became vice-adm. of the Red, and adm. of the fleet in 1757. Clinton, GEORGE, soldier and statesman, son of Col. Charles, b. Ulster, N.Y., July 26, 1739; d. Washington, April 20, 1812. After returning from a cruise in a privateer, he ac- comp. his bro. James in the exped. against Fort Frontenac, as a lieut. He subsequently studied law under Wm. Smith ; settled in his native county, where Gov. George Clinton gave him a clerkship ; practised law with repute, and, as a member of the assembly, opposed the ar bitrary measures of the British ministers. He took his place in Congress, May 15, 1775, and voted for independence ; but the invasion of N.Y., calling him to her defence, prevented his signing the instrument. In 1776, he was a dep. to the N.Y. Prov. Congress, which framed CLI 198 CLI the first State constitution. Active in defend ing the State as a gen. of militia, he was app. brig.-gen. by Congress, March 25, 1777. He defended the posts at the highlands, and proved his heroism by the brave defence of forts Mont gomery and Clinton, when attacked by Sir H. Clinton, Oct. 6, 1777. Chosen first gov. of the State, April 20, 1777, he was re-elected until 1795, exhibiting great energy, and ren dering important services throughout the war, both in his civil and military capacity. In Jr.ne, 1788, he presided over the convention to ratify the Federal Constitution, the adoption of which he opposed, not deeming it sufficiently decided in favor of State sovereignty. When, in 1792, Washington was re-elected pros., Clin ton received 50 electoral votes for the vice- presidency. Chosen to the legisl. in 1800, he was again gov. in 1801-4, and vice-pres. of the U.S. in 1804-12. His casting-vote negatived the renewal of the U. S. Bank charter in 1811. Clinton, SIR HENRY, an English gen., and com.-in-chief of the British forces in Amer., b. 1 738 ; d. Dec. 23, 1 795. Grandson of Francis, sixth Earl of Lincoln, and son of George, gov. of N.Y. After receiving a liberal education, he entered the army ; served for some time in Han over, and on the Continent during the 7-years war, and in 1775 obtained the rank of major- gen., and disting. himself during the early part of the Amer. war. He participated in the bat tle of Bunker s Hill, leading the re-enforcement, and after having assisted at the unsuccessful attack on Charleston, S.C., entered N. York, after the defeat of the Americans on Long Is land, and took the command. He attacked and carried Forts Clinton and Montgomery in Oct. 1777, and May 11, 1777, was made Knight of the Bath. In Jan. 1778, he succeeded Howe in the chief com., and arrived on the 8th of May at Phila., whence, on the approach of Washington, about the middle of June, in obedience to previous orders from Eng., he commenced his retreat to N.Y. At Monmouth Court House, he engaged and compelled the Amer. to retreat with considerable loss. In 1779, he became col. of the 7th or "King s Own" regt., and in the course of the year undertook an exped. against N.J., where his troops be haved with great barbarity. He also, in con junction with Gen. Prevost, who com. in East Florida, concerted and carried into effect an invasion of Ga., and captured Savannah, invest ing Charleston, S.C., in Jan. 1780. It sur rendered on the llth of the following May. He shortly afterwards, through the medium of Andre , endeavored, unsuccessfully, to obtain possession of West Point, esteemed the Gibral tar of America. After having made an inef- lectual attempt to succor Cornwallis, who was compelled to capitulate, he commenced prep arations, in 1782, to attack the French settle ments in thi Antilles, but was superseded in his com. before he could carry the project into ef fect. On his return to Eng., June 12, 1782, a pamphlet war took place between him and Cornwallis, as to the surrender of the latter, the entire blame of which each party attributed to the other. He subsequently obtained the governorship of Limerick, and, in 1793, that of Gibraltar, in possession of which he died. H was for some time a member of parl t. Clin ton is justly chargeable with the barbarities ex ercised by his troops in N.J., as admitted even by the British historian Stedman, himself an officer in the army in America. In 1783, he pub. " A Narrative of his Conduct in Amer.," 8vo ; " Observations on Earl Corn wall is s An swer to the Narrative," 8vo, 1783 ; " Letter to the Commissioners," 8vo, 1784. Clinton, JAMES, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Orange Co., N.Y., Aug. 9, 1736 ; d. Dec. 22, 1812. He was third son of Col. Charles, who provided him with an excellent education ; but his ruling inclination was for a military life. App. by Gov. Sir Charles Hardy an ensign in the 2d regt. of Ulster Co. militia, he became its lieut.-col. before the commencement of the Revol. During the war of 1756, between the English and French, he particularly disting. himself at the capture of Fort Frontenac, where he was a capt. under Bradstreet, rendering essential service by capturing a sloop-of-war on Lake Ontario, which impeded the operations of the army. The confidence reposed in his character may be estimated by his app. as capt.- commandant of four regts. levied for the pro tection of the western frontiers of Ulster and Orange Counties, a position of great respon sibility and danger. After the French war, he ra. Mary DeWitt. At the commencement of the Revol., he was app. (June 30, 1775) col. of the 3d N.Y. regt., and in the same year ac- comp. Montgomery to Quebec. App. a brig.- gen. Aug. 9, 1776, he com. Fort Clinton when it was attacked, in Oct. 1777, by Sir Henry Clinton. After a gallant defence by about 600 militia against 3,000 British troops, Fort Clin ton, as well as Fort Montgomery, of which his bro. George, the gov., was com.-in-chief, was carried by storm. Gen. Clinton was the last man to leave the works, escaping with a severe wound.. In 1779, he joined with 1,600 men the exped. of Gen. Sullivan against the Indians, by way of the Mohawk. After an engagement, in which the Indians were defeated with groat loss at Newtown, now Elmira, all resistance upon their part ceased ; their settlements were destroyed ; and they fled to the British fortress of Niagara. Gen. Clinton, during a great part of the war, was stationed at Albany. He was present at the siege of York town. He was a commissioner to adjust the boundary - line between N.Y. and Pa.; member of the legisl. and of the convention which adopted the present Constitution of the U.S., and a senator. ClitZ, HENRY B., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. Son of Capt. John, 2d U.S. Inf. West Point, 1845. Entering the 7th Inf., he served with distinction in most of the battles of the Mex. war ; brev. 1st lieut. for Cerro Gor- do, 18 Apr. 1847 ; capt. 3d Inf., 6 Dec. 1858; served in defence of Ft. Pickens, Fla., Apr.- Jtinc, 1861; maj. 12th Inf., 14 May, 1861; wounded at siege of Yorktown, Va. ; wounded, and made prisoner, at the battle of Gaines s Mill, Va., 27 June, 1862, and brev. lieut.-col. ; com. cadets, and instr. tactics, 23 Oct. 1862, to 4 July, 1864; lieut.-col. 6th Inf., 4 Nov. 1863; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and dist. CLI 199 COB services in the field, 13 Mar. 1865, Col. 10th. Inf. 22 Feb. 1869. Outturn. Glitz, JOHN M. B., capt. U. S. N, b. N.Y., Dec. 1, 1820. Midshipman, Aug. 12, 1837; lieut. Apr, 6, 1851 ; com. July 16, 1862 ; capt. July 25, 1866. Attached to bomb brig " Hecla " at capture of Vera Cruz and Tuspan, 1847; com. steamer u Penobscot," N.A. block, squad., 1863 ; steam-sloop" Juniata," East Gulf squad., 1863 ; steamer " Osceola," N. A. block, squad., 1864-5, in both attacks on Fort Fisher; com. " Pawnee," S. A. squad., 1868-9. Hamersly. Clowes, REV. TIMOTHY, LL.D. ; d. Hemp- stead, L.I , June 16, 1847, a. 60. Col. Coll. 18(J8. In 1821, he was principal of Erasmus Hall. In 1323, he was chosen pres. of Wash ington Coll., Md., and rector of the church in Chestertown and St. Paul s, Kent Co. From 1828 to the fall of 1832, he presided over the Clinton Liberal Institute, Orieida Co. He excelled as a mathematician. Cluseret (klu -zeh-ra ), GDSTAVE PAUL, brig.-gen. vols., b. Paris, France, June 13, 1823. He received a good education. Entering the military school of St. Cyr in 1841, in 1843 he became sub. -lieut. in a regt. com. by his father. For 4 years, he taught fortification, topography, tactics, and strategy. During the revol. of June, he com. a column in the Hue St. Jacques under Gen. Dumesne, and was wounded. In July, he was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor. He was retired from active service in Jan. 1849, and soon after put on half-pay by Pres. Louis Napoleon on account of his re publican opinions. He then opened a painter s studio, but, after 2 years, returned to the service as lieut. of chasseurs a pied in Algeria. Here he participated in several expeds., and was en gaged in preparing the "Dictionnaire Hfstorique ef Ge ograpltique de i Algtfrie." In 1854, he was ordered to the Crimea, where he was twice wounded, and was promoted to capt. at the Mamdon Vert. He returned to France in 1 856 ; joined the exped. against the Kabyles in 1857 ; on the outbreak in Italy, joined the staff of Garibaldi, with the rank of major in the Italian army; and was soon afterward placed in com. of the French legion. Wounded at the siege of Capua, he received, two days after, the brev. of col. (Nov. 1, 1860). He arrived at Wash ington in Jan. 1862 ; was app. aide-de-camp to Gen. McClellan, with rank of col., and was soon after assigned to Gen. Fremont, who placed him in com. of his advanced guard He was in the battles of Strasburg, Harrisonburg, and Cross Keyes, and, for his gallantry in the latter battle, was made brig.-gen. of vols. Oct. 14. Resigned, Mar. 2, 1863. A leader of the Paris Communists in the spring of 1871, and minis, of war. Clymer, GEORGE, signer of the Declara tion of Independence, b. Phila., 1739 ; d. Mor- risville, Bucks Co., Pa., Jan. 23, 1813. His father emigrated from Bristol, Eng., to Phila., and left him an orphan at the age of 7. His maternal uncle, Wm. Coleman, educated him, took him into his counting-room, and eventually left him the bulk of his fortune. At the tea- meeting in Phila., Oct. 16, 1773, he was app. chairman of the committee to request the tea- agents to resign. He was also a member of the council of safety. July 20, 1775, he was app. joint treasurer of the State with Michael Hillegas, and converted all his specie into Continental currency, besides subscribing _ib- erally to the loan. July 20, 1776, he was delegated to Congress. Sept. 1776, he was sent with Stockton to confer with Washington on the affairs of the army ; and when, in Dec., Congress retired to Baltimore, Clymer was one of the commissioners left in Phila. to guard the public interests. Again elected to Congress in 1777. His house was plundered by the British after the battle of Brandy wine. Dec. 7, 1778, he was a commissioner to treat with the Indians at Fort Pitt; in 1780 was a third time elected to Congress; in Nov. 1780 was deputed, with John Nixon, to organize the Bank of North America, and in 1782 wasassoc. with Rutledge in his mission to the Southern States. Re moving to Princeton at the close of the war, he was in 1784 elected to the Pa. legisl., where he aided in modifying the criminal code. He was a member of the convention that framed the Federal Constitution, and in Nov. 1 788 was elected to the first U.S. Congress. In 1791, he was app. collector of the duty on spirits, which, in Pa., led to the whiskey riots. Resigning this office, he was, with Messrs. Pickens and Haw kins, app. to negotiate a treaty with the Creeks and Cherokees, consummated June 29, 1796, when he withdrew from public affairs. Besides other institutions indebted to him were the Pa. Agricultural Society, of which he was vice- pres., the Acad. of" Fine Arts, and the Pa. Bank, of both which he was pres. Cobb, DAVID, Revol. soldier and legislator, b. Attleborough, Ms., 14 Sept. 1748 ; d. 17 Apr. 1830. H. U. 1766. Many years a practising physician ; sec. of the Bristol Co. convention of 1774, and member of the Prov. Congress in 1775. Lieut.-col. of H Jackson s regt. in 1777-8, serving in N. J. and R. I., and several years a member of Washington s milit. family. Afterwards maj.-gen. of militia; judge of C. C. P.; M. C. 1793-5 ; member of the Ms. senate and house, and some time pres. and speaker ; member of the exec, council, and lieut.-gov. 1809. While a resident of Me. (1796-1820), he was chief-justice of C. C. P., maj.-gen. 10th milit. div., and, during the War of 1812, was on the board of milit. defence. Cobb, Ho WELL, lawyer, and clergyman of the M. E. Church, b. Savannah, Ga./1795. After serving an apprenticeship to a printer, he engaged in teaching in Perry, Houston Co., till, in 1827, he was adm. to the bar. In 1830, he- was a State senator ; soon after established the Cherokee Gazette. In 1845, he pub. a work on legal forms, and soon after compiled the penal code of the State. He has written much for the press, and is the author of a curious work on the African race. Cobb, HOWELL, statesman, b. Cherry Hill, Jefferson Co., Ga., Sept. 7, 1815 ; d. N. Y. City, Oct. 9, 1868. Franklin Coll., Athens, 1834. Adm. to the bar in 1836; solicitor-gen, of the western circuit of Ga. in 1837-41, and built up an extensive and lucrative practice ; M. C. 1843-51 ; speaker of the 31st Congress; gov. of Ga., 1851-3; again M. C. 1856-7 ; sec. of the treasury under Buchanan, 1857-60. Zeal COB 200 COB oas in the secession movement, he was a dele gate to the Montgomery Congress, and chosen its pres. Feb. 4, 1861. Made a brig., and then a maj.-gen., but did not disting. himself in the field. At the close of the war, he opposed all the measures for reconstruction. In Congress, he disting. himself by his familiarity with the rules of the house, his skill as a debater, his vehement professions of love for the Union, and his equally earnest advocacy of State rights. His imperiousness, and his bold championship of slavery, made him the leader of the South ern party in the house. He demanded the ex tension of slavery into Cal. and New Mexico, and advocated the compromise measures of 1850. See Memorial Vol., ed. by Saml. Boykin, Phi la., 1869. Cobb, JOSEPH BECKHAM, politician and author, son of Thos. W., b. Oglethorpe Co., Ga., Apr. 11, 1819; d. Columbus Ga., Sept. 15, 18. )8. Educated at Wilmington, N.C.,and at Franklin Coll., Ga. He removed in 1838 to Noxu!>ee Co., Mpi. In 1851, he was elected by the Whigs to the State convention ; was sub sequently, for some years, a member of the State senate, and in 1853 an "American" can didate for Congress. Author of " The Creole," a novel, 1848; "Sketches," 8vo, 1851; and " Leisure Hours," 1858; and a contrib. to Pe terson s National Mag. and to the Amer. Rev. Cobb, NATHANIEL R., a philanthropic mer chant of Boston, b. Falmouth, Me., Nov. 3, 1798 ; d. Boston, 22 May, 1834. Cobb, SYLVANUS, D.D., Universalist min ister, b. Norway, Me., July, 1799; d. E. Bos ton, Oct. 31, 1866. In 1828, he was settled at Maiden and Waltham, Ms. ; was the author of a " Commentary on the New Testament," " Compend of Divinity," " Discussions," and some other works, and edited the Christian Freeman more than 20 years. His son STL- VAN us, b. Waterville, Me., 1823, is a popular writer of novelettes. He was editor and pub. of a paper called The Rechabite ; edited the New- England \Vashingtonian ; and was a principal contrib. to Gleason s Pictorial, Flag of our Union, and the N. Y. Ledger. He pub. " The Autobiog. of Rev. Sylvanus Cobb," with a memoir, in 1867. Cobb, CAPT. THOMAS, b. Buckingham Co., Va. ; d. Columbia Co., Ga., Oct. 1832, a. 110. He took a patriotic part in the Revol. strug gle ; was often associated in the councils of the times ; held offices under the State govt. until his removal to Ga., ab. 1783, and effi ciently managed his plantation for 80 or 90 years. N. E. Mag., iii., 520. Cobb, THOMAS R. R., lawyer, b. Jefferson Co., Ga., 1820; killed at the battle of Freder- icksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. U. of Ga. 1841. Bro. of Howell. Adm. to the bar, he was re porter of the Supreme Court of Ga. from 1849 to 1857. In 1851, he pub. a new digest of the laws of Ga., and in 1858 an "Inquiry into the Laws of Negro Slavery." He was a trus tee of the university, was active in the cause f education in Ga., and had a high reputation and large practice as a lawyer. An able and eloquent member of the Confederate Congress, in which he served as chairman of military affairs ; afterward a gen. in the rebel army. Cobb, THOMAS W., statesman, b. Colum bia Co., Ga., 1784; d. Greenesborough, Feb. 1, 1830. After studying law in the office of Wm. H. Crawford, he settled at Lexington, Ga., and disting. himself at the bar. M. C. from 1S17 to 1821 and 1823-4 ; U. S. senator from 1824 to 1828; judge of the Superior Court from 1828 till his d. He wrote excellent political essays, and was an eloquent and argumenta tive debater, prominent in the discussion in 1819 of the Mo. question. Cobbett, THOMAS, clergyman and author, b. Newbury, Eng., 1608 ; d. Ipswich, Ms., Nov. 5, 1685. He studied at Oxford, but left on account of the plague, and became a pupil of Dr. Twiss. Persecuted for nonconformity, he came to Ms. in 1637 with Davenport, and was colleague to his old friend, Mr. Whiting of Lynn, until, in 1656, he became pastor of the First Church in Ipswich, where he remained till his death. During his ministry, there was a powerful and extensive revival in that town. He was remarkable for the frequency of his prayers, and his assurance of their efficacy. He pub. in 1645 a work on infant baptism ; " The Civil Magistrate s Power in Matters of Religion, modestly debated," &c., 1653; "A Practical Discourse of Prayer," 8vo, 1654 ; " On the Honor due from Children to their Parents,," 1656; "Narrative of New Eng land s Deliverances " (in N.E. H. and G. Reg., vol. vii.). Cobbett, WILLIAM, political writer, b. Farnham, Surrey, Eng., 9 Mar. 1762; d. 17 June, 1835. He was a farmer s son, and was self-educated. After a clerkship of some months to an atty. in London, he, ab. 1784, enlisted in the army, in which, by good conduct, he rose to the grade of sergt.-maj. After 5 years service in Nova Scotia, he returned to Eng. in 1791, obtained his discharge, m., and in 1792 settled as a bookseller in Phila. There he issued Peter Porcupine s Gazette, a Federalist paper, assailing with great power, and coarse ness of language, the supporters of the French Rcvol.; pub. his "Observations," and other political tracts, and was fined $5,000 for a libel on Dr. Rush. Returning to Eng. in 1800, he began a daily paper called The Porcupine, but in 1802 established his famous Political Regis ter, at first a Tory paper, afterward in opposi tion to Pitt and the Tories, and discontinued in 1835. For his libels or satires on members of the govt., he was several times heavily fined, and in 1810 was imprisoned for two years. The passage of the famous " Six Act Bill " caused him to emig. again to the U.S. ; and his Registers were dated from Long Island, from 1817 to his return in Dec. 1819, on which occasion he took to Eng. the bones of Thos. Paine. Again tried for libel in 1831, he de fended himself with such ability, that he was acquitted. After two unsuccessful attempts to enter parliament for Oldham, he was returned in 1832, and again in 1834. Besides his politi cal writings, he was the author of many use ful and popular books. He was master of a vigorous Saxon-English style, unrivalled for sarcasm and common sense ; and possessed great powers of observation and description. Among his works are " Advice to Young COB 201 COG Men," " Cottage Economy," " Grammars of the English and French Languages," " A Year s Residence in America," " History of the Refor mation," "Rural Rides," " Emigrant s Guide," 20 vols. of " Parliamentary Debates," "Letters on the Late War between Eng. and the U.S.," 1815, and "Pride of Brittania Humbled," 1815; "Life of Andrew Jackson," 1834; "Life of Peter Porcupine," 1796; "Porcu pine s Works," 12 vols., 8vo, 1801. See Life of Cobbett, Phila., 1831 ; HazUtt s Misc. Works, vol. v. Cobbs, NICHOLAS HAMNER, D.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of Ala., b. Medford Co., Va.., Feb. 1796 ; d. Jan. 11, 1861. He taught a classical school some years ; was ord. deacon in 1824 ; priest in 1825; then labored 14 years in his native county, and 4 years in Petersburg, Va. ; then took charge of St. Paul s Church, Cincinnati, (").; and was consec. bishop, Oct. 20, 1844, at Phila. Cochrane, SIR ALEX. FORESTER INGLIS, an Eng. adm. (1758-1832). Disting. in the wars with Amcr. and France, especially for an unequal combat with five French vessels in Chesapeake Bay. Com. the British fleet on the Anier. station in the War of 1812-15, and assisted the land-forces in the attack on N. Orleans. Made adm. of the Blue in 1819. Cochran, JAMES, inventor of the art of making cut nails, b. 1763, Batavia, Genesee Co., N7Y. ; d. Dec. 31, 1846. He was a brass- founder; and to his shop, while he lived in Phila., Franklin paid frequent visits. In ad dition to the above invention, he claimed to have manuf. the first cents in this country. Cochran, JOHN, M. D., physician and surgeon-gen, of the Revol. army, b. Chester Co., Pa., Sept. 1, 1730; d. Palatine, Mont gomery Co., Apr. 6, 1807. Educated at the school of Dr. Francis Allison, and had finished his medical studies when the war with France broke out in 1755. Entering the army as sur geon s mate, he quitted the service at the close of the war, with the character of an able and experienced practitioner, and, settling in Alba ny, m. Gertrude, sister of Gen. Schuyler. He soon removed to New Brunswick, N.J., and, late in 1776, offered his services as a vol. in the hospital dept. At the warm recommendation of Washington, he was app. Apr. 10, 1777, physician and surgeon-gen, in the middle dept.., and in Oct. 1781, Congress app. him director- gen, of the hospitals of the U.S. His experi ence in the British service enabled him to make great improvements in the hospitals. Soon after the peace, he removed his family to N.Y., and, on the adoption of the Federal Con stitution, Washington made him commis. of loans for N.Y. Thacher. Cochrane, JOHN, brig.-gen. vols., b. Pala tine, Montgomery Co., N.Y., Aug. 27, 1813. Ham. Coll. 1831. Adm. to the bar, he prac tised law some years in the Valley of the Mo hawk ; removed to N.Y. City in 1846 ; became a leader of that branch of the Democ. party popularly called " Barnburners," and, during the administration of Prcs. Pierce (1853-7), was surveyor of the port of N.Y. M.C. from 1856 to 1862. Mar. 1861, he visited Richmond to confer with the Union members of the Va. convention, and in Aug. took the field as col. 1st U.S. (vol.) Chasseurs, which he com. at Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, and other battles of the Chickahominy campaign. Brig.-gen. of vols. 17 July, 1862, he was assigned a brigade in Couch s division of the Potomac Army. He was with the reserve at the battle of Antietam, and afterward pursued the retreating enemy. Resigned Feb. 25, 1863. Nominated in 1864 vice-pres. on the ticket with Fremont. Atty.- gen. N.Y., 1865. Cock, THOMAS, M.D., physician and med ical author, b. Glen Cove, L. 1, 1802 ; d. N.Y., June 14, 1869. He studied in the office of Dr. Seaman, with whom he was afterward partner. During the yellow-fever epidemic of 1822, he was indefatigable in his efforts to overcome the disease, as also during the cholera of 1832. He had been pres. of the Acad. of Medicine of N.Y., prof., and subsequently pres., of the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, and was many years attending and consulting physician of the N.Y. hospital. Long an active member, and at his death vice-pres., of the American Bible Society. Cockburn (ko -burn), SIR GEORGE, an English adm., b. Lond., 1771 ; d. Aug. 1853. He entered the navy in 1783, became a post- captain in 1795, and, after disting. himself on many occasions, became, in 1812, a rear-adm. In the early part of 1813, he com. " The Marl- borough " 74, on the N. Amer. station, and suc cessfully attacked various towns, and reposito ries of stores, on the banks of the rivers at the head of Chesapeake Bay. June 26, 1813, he assisted in taking the camp and fortified works at Hampton. In the following month, he ob tained possession of two islands in N.C., and captured two small vessels of war. In the be ginning of Aug. 1814, he accomp. the exped. which succeeded in taking the city of Wash ington, and which had, it is said, been suggest ed by himself to the commanders, Gen. Ross and Adm. Cochrane. He was employed in the unsuccessful attempt on Baltimore, in Sept. 1814. In Jan. 1815, he was made a K.B ; on the 12th of Aug. 1819, a vice-adm., and on the 5th of April, 1821, maj.-gen. of marines. Cocke, JOHN, gen.,b. Brunswick, Nottaway Co., Va., 1772; d. Granger Co., Tenn., Feb. 16, 1854. Wm. his father participated in the civil, legislative, and military service of Va. ; removed to Tenn., and became a gen. of mili tia; State legisl. 1813; judge Circuit Court; U.S. senator, 1796-7 and 1799-1805; app. in 1814 agent for the Chickasaw Indians. In early life John emigrated to Tenn., adopted the profession of the law, became a member of the first legisl. in 1796, was speaker of the house for many years, was subsequently a member of the senate, and was M.C. from 1819 to 1827. He was maj.-gen. Tenn. vols., Sept. 25, 1813, in service against the Creeks. Col. Tenn. regt. Nov. 14, under Gen. Jackson, at New Orleans. Gardner. Cocke, JOHN H., brig.-gen. War of 1812 ; d. at his residence, Fluvanna Co., Va., July 1, 1866, a. 85. Cocke, PHILIP ST. GEORGE, gen. C.S.A. b. Virginia, 1808; shot himself at his resi dence in Powhatan Co., Va., Dec. 26, 1861. COD 202 COF West Point, 1832. Entering the 2d art., he was adj. in 1833-4; resigned, April, 1834, and was made a brig.-gen. Confed. army early in 1861, and took part in the first battle of Bull Run, com. the 5th brigade. After a campaign of 8 months, he returned to his home shattered both in mind and body, and in a paroxysm of insanity put an end to his life. President Va. Agric. Soc. 1853-6. Author of " Plantation and Farm Instruction," 1852. Codazzi (ko-dat -see), AGOSTINO, an Ital ian engineer, b. near Ferrara, 1792. He made several campaigns under Napoleon, and after wards disting. himself as an engineer in S. America. Entering the Columbian service as lieut.-col. of art., he was employed in making charts, and in preparing plans of defence. In 1831-40, he prepared charts of Venezuela, and was rewarded with the rank of col. In 1838- 9, he explored the interior of Guiana, pene trated nearly to the sources of the Orinoco ; and the valuable results of his labors, "Geo- graphia de Venezuela," appeared in Paris in 1841, accomp. by an extensive chart of Venezu ela. Codazzi afterwards established a German colony in Venezuela. In 1848, he was em ployed by the govt. of New Granada upon a topographical survey. Codding, ICHABOD, Presb. clergyman, and an eloquent antislavery lecturer, b. Bristol, N.Y., 1811 ; d. Baraboo, Wis., 17 June, 1866. He studied at Middleb. Coll., lectured for the Amer. Antislavery Society in 1837-42 ; entered the ministry, and was successively pastor at Princeton, Lockport, Joliet, Baraboo, and Bloomington, 111. His addresses were marked by great eloquence and fervor. Coddington, WILLIAM, founder of R.L, b. Lincolnshire, Eng., 1601 ; d. Nor. 1, 1678. In 1 630, he came in " The Arabella " to Salem, a magistrate of Ms., app. by the crown. For some years, he was a merchant in Boston. In 1636, when "VVinthrop succeeded Vane as gov., Coddington s name was dropped from the roll ; but the freemen, on the following day, sent him and Vane as deputies to the court. He defend ed Anne Hutchinson against Winthrop and his party, and opposed, though unsuccessfully, the proceedings against Wheelwright, but finally, with 18 others, removed, Apr. 26, 1638, to the Island of Aquidneck, now R.I. Cod dington was elected judge, with a council of 3 elders, who were enjoined by a vote of the freemen to be " guided by God s laws." Mar. 12, 1640, Coddington was elected gov.; contin ued 7 years in office, until a charter was ob tained, and the island incorporated with the Providence plantations. Having made a voy age to Eng. in 1651, he returned with a com mission as gov. of Aquidneck Island, but he soon resigned. He was again gov. in 1674-5. After his settlement in R.I., he adopted the tenets of the Quakers. He was earnest for liberty of conscience. Author of "A Demon stration of True Love unto you the Rulers of the Colony of Ms.," 4to, 1674. Codman, JOHN, D.D. (H. U. 1840), min ister 2d Ch., Dorchester, from Dec. 7, 1808, to his d., Dec. 23, 1847 ; b. Boston, Aug. 3, 1782. H.U. 1802. Son of John, a Boston merchant. He studied at Cambridge and at Edinburgh, and preached in the Swallow-st. Church, Lond., in 1808. He was a benefactor of the theol. seminaries of Princeton and Andover. A Memoir by Dr. Allen, with 6 sermons, was pub., 8vo, 1853; sermons on various occa sions, 1834 ; narrative of a visit to Eng., 1836, and many separate sermons. Allen. Coffee, JOHN, gen., b. Nottaway Co., Va., 1772; d. near Florence, Ala., July 7, 1833. In 1804, he engaged in business with Andrew Jackson, near Nashville, Tenn., but in 1807 resumed his old occupation of surveying. Ever the strong personal friend of Jurkson, he seconded him in his affray with the Bcntons in Sept. 1813. Col. of Tenn. vols. under Jack son, Dec. 1812 to Apr. 1813; brig.-gen. Tenn. mounted gunmen, Sept. 24, 1813; com. de tachment engaged with Creek Indians at Tal- lahatchie, Nov. 3, 1813 ; badly wounded in battle under Gen. Jackson, with Creek Indians at Emucfau, Jan. 22, 1814 ; in attack on Pen- sacola, Nov. 1814; disting. in defence of N. Orleans in battles of Dec. 23, 1814, and Jan. 8, 1815; in service to June, 1815. U.S. survey or of public lands, March, 1817. His son AN DREW J. served as extra aide-de-camp to Gen. Taylor at Buena Vista, and was brev. lieut.- col. for his gallant and meritorious conduct, Feb. 23, 1847. Coffin, CHARLES, D.D. (Wms.Coll. 1808), Presb. clergyman, b. Newburyport, Ms., Aug. 15, 1775; d. Greenville, E. Tenn., June 12, 1853. H.U. 1793. Son of Dr. Charles. Li censed to preach by the Essex Middle Assoc., May 14, 1799. Pres. of Greenville Coll., Tenn., 1810-27, and of Knoxville Coll. 1827-33. He passed the last 50 years of his life in Tenn. Spraqne. Coffin, SIR ISAAC, a British adm., b. Bos ton, 16 May, 1759; d. Cheltenham, Eng., 23 July, 1839. Son of Nathaniel, collector of the customs, and a loyalist, by Elizabeth, dau. of Henry Barnes of Boston. Educated in the Boston schools ; entered the British navy in 1773; became a lieut. in 1778; was actively em ployed on the Amer. coast ; was made com mander in July, 1781; acted as signal-officer to Adm. Arbuthnot in the action off Cape Henry, 16 March, 1781, and served as a vol. in the action between Rodney and DeGrassc in 1782. Post-capt. 1790; rear-adm. of the Blue, 23 Apr. 1804 ; baronet, 19 May, 1804 ; vice-adm. April, 1808; June 4, 1814, adm. of the Blue, and, on the death of George IV., adm. of the White. M. P. 1818, and again in 1826. He ever retained a strong regard for his native land, and in 1826, while visiting Nantucket, where many of his kindred resided, authorized the purchase of a building for the " Coffin School," for the support of which he after wards invested a fund of 2,500. Coffin, JOHN, a British gen., bro. of Sir Isaac, b. Boston, 1751; d. St. John s Co., N. Brunswick, 12 May, 1838. He accomp. the British troops in the action at Bunker s Hill ; rose to the rank of capt. of the N.Y. vols. ; disting. himself at the siege of Savannah, the battle of Hobkirk s Hill, the action of Cross Creek, near Charleston, S.C., and especially at the battle of Eutaw, 8 Sept. 1781, where he exacted even the admiration of Greene in his COF 203 COGJ- despatches to Congress, and was at once made major of the King s Amer. regt. At the close of the war, he settled in N. Brunswick ; became a col. in the army in 1797; maj.-gen. 1803; lieut.-gen. 1809; gen. 1819. In 1783, he was wounded in a duel with Col. Campbell ; mem ber of the N. B. Assembly, chief magistrate of King s County, and member of the council, retiring to private life in 1 828. His wife Ann, dau. of Wm. Mathews of S. C., d. Bath, in Apr. 1839, a. 76. Coffin, JOSHUA, genealogist and antiqua ry, b. Newbury, Ms., Oct. 12, 1792; d. there June 24, 1864. Dartm. Coll. 1817. Many years a teacher. He pub. " The History of Ancient Newbury," 8vo, 1845, genealogies of the Woodman, Little, and Toppan families, besides many articles in periodicals. He was the schoolmaster of the poet Whittier. Coffin, NATHANIEL, M.D., physician, b. Portland, Me., May 3, 1744; d. there Oct. 18, 1826. He studied under his father Nathaniel, who was a physician, and at Guy s and St. Thomas s Hospitals, Lond., under Hunter, Akenside, and McKenzie ; and commenced practice at the age of 21. At the death of his father, in 1766, he succeeded to an extensive practice, and in 1769 m. the dau. of Isaac Fos ter of Charlestown. When Capt. Mowatt, in 1775, prepared to destroy the town, then called Falrnouth, Dr. Coffin, with two others, went on board his ship, and endeavored fruitlessly to avert the impending storm. As an opera tive surgeon, he ranked high. The hon. deg. of M.D. was conferred on him by Bowd. Coll., Brunswick. He was the first pres. of the Me. Med. Society, and for many years discharged the duties of hospital surgeon for marine pa tients in his dist. Thacher. Coffin, EGBERT STEVENSON, poet, b. Brunswick, Me., July 14, 1 797 ; d. Rowley, Ms., May 7, 1827. He was apprenticed to a printer in Newburyport, whither his father had removed; was a sailor during the War of 1812, and once a prisoner on board an English frigate, and sub sequently worked on newspapers in Boston, N.Y., and Phila., publishing occasional verses. His poems were coll. in a vol. entitled " The Oriental Harp, Poems of the Boston Bard," Boston, 1826. His Life, written by himself, was pub., 12mo, 1825. Coffin, SIR THOMAS ASTON, bart. (19 May, 1804), loyalist, b. Boston, Mar. 31, 1754; d. London, May 31, 1810. H.U. 1772. Son of Wm. of Boston, and cousin of Adm. Sir Isaac. At one period of the Revol., he was private sec. to Sir Guy Carleton. He was afterward commiss.-gen. in the British army, and in 1804, sec. and comptroller of accounts of Lower Canada. Sabine. Coffin, TIMOTHY GARDNER, lawyer, b. Nan- tucket, Ms., Nov. 1,1788; d. New Bedford, Sept. 19, 1854. B.U. 1813. He early en gaged in a seafaring life, but, receiving severe injuries from a fall, turned his attention to the law. Adm. in 1816 to practise at the Bristol bar, he obtained the foremost rank in the pro fession, trying his intellectual strength against such opponents as Webster and Choate. As a /.sv r>ritis lawyer, he had few equals. Coggeshall, CAPT. GEORGE of Ct., b. 1 784. Pub. " Voyages to Various Parts of the World, 1799-1841," 2 vols., 8vo, 1851-2; " History of Amer. Privateers," 8vo ; " Reli gious and Miscellaneous Poetry." He com. two privateers in the War of 1812-15. Cogswell, REV. JONATHAN, D.D. (U. of N.Y. 1836), b. 3 Sept. 1782 ; d. N. Brunswick, N.J., 1 Aug. 1864. H.U. 1806. Tutor at Bowd. Coll. ; prof, of eccl. hist., Theol. Inst. of Ct. at East Windsor, 1834-44 ; afterward a resident of N.B. Author of a sermon delivered 24 Aug. 1819, before the York Co. Assoc., Alfred, Me. ; " Farewell Discourse at Saco," 1 2 Oct. 1828; " Discourses," 8vo, Hartford, 1842; " Discourses," N. Brunswick, N.J., 12mo, 1845 ; "Hebrew Theocracy," 12mo, 1848; " Calvary and Sinai," 8vo, 1852 ; also discourses, &c. Alii bone. Cogswell, JOSEPH GREEN, LL.D. (H.U. 1863), scholar, b. Ipswich, Ms., Sept. 27,1786. H. U. 1806. Proceeding to the East Indies in a merchant-ship, on his return, he studied law with Fisher Ames, and in 1814 was a tutor at Cambridge. In 1816, he went to Europe, studied at Gottingen and other German uni versities, and travelled on the Continent. From 1820 to 1823, he was librarian, and prof, of mineralogy and geology, at Cambridge, when, with George Bancroft, he founded the Round Hill School at Northampton, which he carried on until 1836. He afterwards had charge of a similar establishment in Raleigh, N.C., but before 1839 settled in N.Y. City, edited the N.Y. Review, and assisted John Jacob Astor in arranging the plans for the great library which he endowed. He several times visited the principal libraries and cities of Europe, collecting books for it. He presented to it his own bibliographical coll., one of the largest and finest in the country. Many years supt. of the Astor Library. With Mr." Andrew Rit chie, he purchased in Germany, and presented to H.U., a cabinet of ab. 5,000 minerals, and gave to the Botanic Garden at Cambridge nearly 4,000 choice specimens of dried plants of Central Europe. He had been a contrib. to B/ackwood s Mag., Monthly Anthology, and the N. A. Review. A resident of Cambridge until his death, 26 Nov. 1871. Cogswell, MASON FITCH, M.D., physi cian, b. Canterbury, Ct., 1761 ; d. Hartford, Dec. 1830. Y.C. 1780. Son of Rev. James. He assisted his bro., Dr. James, a surgeon in the army ; established himself in Hartford in 1789, and took high rank, especially as a sur geon. He was particularly successful in opera tions for the cataract, and, in Nov. 1803, was the first in this country to secure the carotid artery by a ligature. He was chiefly instrumental ii founding the asylum for the deaf and dum;,, and was a friend and supporter of the Retreat for the Insane at Hartford, and was 10 years pres. of the State Med. Soc. His son, of the same name, also an eminent physician, b. Hartford, Ct., 10 Nov. 1809; d. Albany, 21 Jan. 1865. M. D., Coll. of Phys. and Surg. 1832. Williams Med. Biog. Cogswell, NATHANIEL, son of Thomas, b. Haverhill, Ms., Jan. 19, 1773; d. Rapids of Red River, La., Aug. 1813. Dartm. Coll. 1794. He began to practise law at Gilraantot, COG- 204 COL 1805; removed to Newburyport in 1808, and afterward was a gen. in the Spanish Patriot Army. Cogswell, THOMAS, soldier and jurist, b. Haverhill, Ms., Aug. 4, 1746; d. Gilraanton, Sept. 3,1810. He was a capt. in Gerrish s regt. at Bunker s Hill ; maj. of Vose s regt., Feb. 21, 1777; lieut.-col. 15th Ms. regt., Nov. 26, 1779, serving to the close of the war. Set tling at Gilraanton, he was chief-justice C.C.P. from 1784 till his death. Two of his sons d. in the army, in the War of 1812. M., in 1774, Ruth, dau. of Gen. Joseph Badger of Gil- man ton. Hist. Gilmanton. Cogswell, WILLIAM, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1833), clergyman and author, b. Atkinson, N. II., June 5, 1787; d. Gilmanton, N. H., Apr. 18, 1850. Dartm. Coll. 1811. The son of a physician of Atkinson. From Apr. 26, 1815, to Dec. 15, 1829, he was pastor of the South Church in Dedham ; was in 1829 app. gen. agent of the Amer. Education Society, its sec. and director in 1832; prof, of hist, in Dartm. Coll. in 1841, and in 1844 was elected pres. of the Gilmanton Theol. Sera., and prof, of theology. Dr. Cogswell pub., besides dis courses, " A Manual of Theol. and Devotion," "Christian Philanthropist," "Theol. Class- Book," " Letters to Young Men preparing for the Ministry," "Occasional Sermons," "Re ports of the Amer. Education Society," and " Reports of the Northern Acad. of Arts and Sciences." He edited the N. H. Repository, the N.E. H. and G. Register, for 1847, and the Amer. Quarterly Register. Member of many literary societies. Alumni Dartm. Coll. Coit, THOMAS WINTHROP, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1834),LL.D. (Trin. Coll. 1853), b. N.London, Ct., June 28, 1803. Y. C. 1821. Pres. Transyl. U. Prof. Trinity Coll. 1849. Has pub. " Theol. Commonplace Book," 1832-57 ; "Remarks on Norton s Statement of Reasons," 8vo, 1833; "Paragraph" Bible, 1834; " Townsend s Chronol. Bible," 2 vols., 8vo, 1837-8; "Puritanism," 12mo, 1844. Con- trib. to Church Review, Churchman, &c. Allibone. Coke, THOMAS, D.D., LL.D., one of the first bishops of the M.E. Church, b. Brecon, S. Wales, Sept. 9, 1747 ; d. at sea, May 2, 1814. He was educated at Oxford, and at 23 became mayor of his native town, but took orders, and obtained a curacy at Petherton. Making the acquaintance of Wesley in 1776, he joined the Methodists ; became in 1780 supt. of the Lond. dist., and pres. of the Irish conference in 1782. Ord. by Wesley as bishop of the church in Amer., he arrived in N. Y. in 1 784, and, on Dec. 27, ord. Asbury a bishop, and joint supt. of the church in Amer. They proceeded together to visit the different conferences until June, 1785, when he returned to Eng., and visited Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. The first mission which he established was in the W. Indies, in 1786, which he again visited in 1788-9, 1790, and 1792-3. Hrs 9th and last visit to Amer. was in 1803. After the death of Wesley, he was chosen sec. of the English Conference, and, in lonjunction with Mr. Moore and Dr. White- aead, pub. in 1792 a Life of Wesley. In a voyage to Amer. in 1797, the vessel he was in was taken by a privateei and he was most cru elly treated, being plundered of every thing but his books. He completed his Commentary on the Bible in 1807. In 1803, he established a mission in Gibraltar. From this time until 1808, he was engaged in travelling to various parts in aid of the missionary cause. Through his influence, a mission was established in 181 1 , at Sierra Leone, and missionaries sent out. De termining in 1813 to establish a mission at Ceylon, such was his zeal, that, when the con ference hesitated on account of the expense, he furnished the monev from his own private purse. The missionaries embarked Dec. 30 ; and, after having been out 4 months, he was found dead in his cabin. Besides his Commen tary, he wrote " A History of the W. Indies," " History of the Bible," " Six Letters in De fence of the Doctrine of Justification by Faith," " Four Discourses on the Duties of a Minis ter," "Preacher s Manual," 12mo. He ren dered valuable assistance to Wesley in procur ing what was called the deed of declaration, providing for the settlementof the Methodist Chapels in the connection, and restricted the conference to 100 of the preachers, and their successors, forever. See Memoir by Samuel Drew, 1853. Cplborne, SIR JOHN, LORD SEATON, a British gen., b. 1779; d. 1863. He entered the army an ensign, in 1794; served in Hol land, Egypt, and Italy ; was in the battle of Maida in 1806; was military sec. to Sir John Moore, and fought at Corunna; served un der Wellington in Spain and at AVaterloo. He received several orders of Knighthood for his brilliant services ; became lieut.-gov. of Guernsey; maj. -gen. in 1825; lieut.-gen. 1838; gen. 1854, and in 1860 field-marshal. In 1829, he became lieut.gov. of U. Canada. He found a strong reform party, which he firmly repressed. In 1835, he solicited and obtained a recall, but as he was ab. to embark for Europe, was app. com. -in-chief of the forces in Canada. He returned to Quebec, and took efficient and prompt measures to check the rebellion then preparing, and, on its breaking-out, took the field in person, in several engagements, and completely routed and discomfited the insur gents. He was twice temporarily gov.-gen. of British N. Amer., and rendered great services to that country. In 1839, he returned to Eng., where his great services were requited with the barony of Seaton, the post of privy-councillor, and a pension of 2,000 per annum. He was afterward com. in Ireland. Mort/an. Colburn, WARREN, mathematician, b. Walpole, Ms., Mar. 1, 1793; d. Lowell, Sept. 15, 1833. H. U. 1820. The son of poor parents, he worked in factories, but studied mathematics, and acquired the trade of a machinist. He opened a select school in Boston in 1821, and pub. " First Lessons in Intellectual Arithmetic." It had an extraordinary sale of more than 2,000,000, and has been translated into most of the languages of Europe, and into several of the languages of Asia. In April, 1823, he was app. supt. of the Boston Manuf. Co. at Waltham, and, Aug. 1824, of the Mer- rimack Co. of Lowell. Many important im provements in the machinery of our naanuf COL 205 cor, establishments are the fruits of his scientific researches and ingenuity. In 1 825, he delivered a course of lectures on the natural history of animals, followed, in subsequent years, with lectures on light, the eye, the seasons, electricity, hydraulics, astronomy, &c. His " Sequel " w"as pub. in 1824; his " Algebra," 1828. Mem ber of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Colburn, ZERAH, mathematical prodigy, b. Cabot, Vt., 1 Sept. 1804; d. Norwich, Vt., 2 Mar. 1839. At 8, he began to show his pre cocity in computation, and was exhibited by his father in Vt., N.H., and Ms., visiting Boston in Nov. 1810, where the boy excited great interest, as well as at the South, and in Eng., where he went in May, 1812. The Earl of Bristol placed him at school ; but his father took him out in 1819. He studied, unsuccess fully, for the stage ; then taught school ; re turned to the U.S. on the death of his father in 1824; was ord. in the Meth. Church in 1825, and labored as an itinerant, until, in 1835, app. prof, of languages and literature in the infant U. at Norwich. He lost his wonderful talent some time before leaving Eng. Among his mental operations was giving the number of seconds from the commencement of the Christ. Era, the square root of 106,929 (given before the number could be written down), and the cube root of 268,336,125, given with equal facility and promptness. Through practice, he increased his powers of computation. His processes did not differ from those in ordinary use, excepting in finding the square root of large numbers, for which he had invented a method. See Colburn 1 s Autobiog., 1833. Colburn, ZERAH, engineer, b. Saratoga, N.Y., 1832 ; d. by his own hand, 4 May, 1870, in a country town in Ms. He was named for his uncle, the celebrated arithmetician. In his boyhood, he worked on a farm. At 15, he entered the Lowell machine-shop, Boston, and afterwards became supt. of the locomotive works of Mr. Souther, and of those at Patter son, N.J. He connected himself with the Rail road Journal; pub. the Railroad Advocate in N.Y. in 1854-5 ; and in 1858, with Mr. Holley, visited, and made a valuable report on, the rail ways of Europe, which was pub. with many illustrations. For some years, he edited the London Engineer, and, from 1866 until a few weeks before his death, pub. there his scientific journal, Engineering. He received medals from the Institution of Civil Engineers for his papers on " Iron Bridges," and on " Amer. Locomo tives and Rolling Stock," and was a first-rate authority on these subjects, and on general mechanical engineering. Overwork and irregu larity caused him to become partially insane. He came to the U.S. in April, avoided all his 3ld friends, and, straying away, committed suicide. He pub. " The Locomotive Engine," Boston, 1851. Colden, CADWALLADER, physician, author, botanist, and politician, b. Ireland, Feb. 17, 1688; d. at his seat on Long Island, Sept. 21, 1776. U. of Edinburgh, 1705. Son of Rev. Alex. Colden. He devoted himself to medicine and mathematics, in which he made great pro ficiency. Emigrating to Pa. in 1710, he prac tised physic a few years, and in 1715 returned to Eng., where he acquired considerable repu tation by a work on " Animal Secretions. After visiting Scotland, became again to Amer. in 1716; settled a second time in Pa., but, in 1718, removed to N.Y. at the request of Gov Hunter. The next year, he was app. the first surveyor-gen, of the Colony, and also master in chancery. In 1720, he obtained a seat in the king s council under Gov. Burnet. Ab. 1755, he took up his residence on a tract of land about 9 miles from Newburgh, on the Hudson, for which he had received a patent, and where he was exposed to the attacks of the Indians. Succeeding to the presidency of the council, he administered the govt. in 1760 In 1761, he was app. lieut.-gov. of N.Y., which station he occupied during the remainder of his life ; being repeatedly placed at the head of affairs by the absence or death of several govs. During one of these periods, the paper intended for distribution in N. Y., under the Stamp Act, arrived, and was put under his care in Fort George. The populace burned him in effigy, and destroyed his carriage in, his sight. After the return of Gov. Tryon in 1775, he retired to a seat on Long Island. Besides some medical treatises, he is the author of a " History of the Five Indian Nations of Canada/ 1727, 3d ed., Lond., 1755. Colden took a great interest in the study of botany, and first introduced the Linnsean system in America a few months after its publication in Europe. His description of 300 or 400 Amer. plants was printed in the Ac.ta Upsaliensa. From 1710 to 1776, he corresp actively with the leading scientific men of Europe and Amer. Among his MS. are " Observations on Smith s Hist, of N.Y." He was a man of great learn ing and superior talents. Golden, CADWALLADER DAVID, lawyer, b. Spring Hill, Flushing, Apr. 4, 1769; d. Jersey City, Feb. 7, 1834. Son of David, who excelled in mathematics and nat. philos., and grandson of Cadwallader. His education, begun in the town of Jamaica, L.I., was completed in Lon don. Returning to the U.S. in 1785, he stud ied law ; commenced practice in N.Y. in 1791, and in 1793 removed to Poughkeepsie, where he became district atty., and, in a few years, stood at the head of his profession as a com mercial lawyer. In 1 812, he was col. of a regt. of vols. In 1818, he was elected to the as sembly, and the same year was mayor of N.Y. City. M.C. 1821-3, and in 1824-7 a member of the State senate. He was, in con nection with De Witt Clinton, among the earliest and most efficient promoters of the system of internal improvements. Upon the completion of the Erie Canal, he pub. a memoir of the subject. He also wrote, in 1817, " The Life of Robert Fulton," of whom he was an early and intimate friend. Public education, and the reformation of juvenile offenders, were also subjects to which he devoted much attention. For many years, he was one of the govs. of the N.Y. Hospital. Cole, JOSEPH FOXCROFT, landscape and figure painter of Boston, b. Jay, Me., 9 Nov. 1837. Was a pupil of Lambinet and Charles Jacque, Paris ; has painted a large picture owned by the Union Club, " The Ram and COL 206 COL Ewe," " New - England Farm," and "The Shepherdess." Cole, SAMUEL ; d. Chelsea, Ms., Dec. 3, 1851. Author of a valuable work on " Fruits and Fruit-Trees," and other agric. works, and editor of the N. E. Fanner. Cole, THOMAS, a celebrated painter, b. Bolton-le-Moor, Lancashire, Eng., Feb. 1, 1801 ; d. Catskill, N.Y., Feb. 11, 1847. His parents, who had lived here previous to his birth, re turned to Araer. in 1819, and settled in Phila., where Thomas applied himself to wood-en graving, amusing his leisure hours with a flute ; having a passionate fondness for music. In Jan. 1820, he went to St. Eustatia to recruit his health ; and, on his return in May, he joined his father in Steubenville, O., where he began portrait-painting. In Feb. 1822, he left home as an itinerant portrait-painter, but, not meet ing much success, turned his attention to landscape-painting. He returned in Nov. 1823 to Phila., and met with encouragement. In the spring of 1825, he removed to N.Y., where his family were then established. The scenery of the Hudson called out all his artistic en thusiasm ; and, during a visit to the Catskills in the autumn, he painted several landscapes, which were exhibited on his return to the city. This was the turning-point in his career. For the nexi 4 years, commissions flowed in from all quarters. In 1829, he visited Eng., remain ing about 2 years ; then Paris, and thence to Italy, returning to N.Y. in Oct. 1832. He finally took up his residence at Catskill, N.Y. His two great works are, " The Course of Em pire " and " The Voyage of Life ; " the former consisting of 5, and the latter, of 4 pictures, " Childhood," " Youth," " Manhood," and " Old Age." A second visit to Europe in 1 841 , to enable him still further to perfect himself by studying the great masters, resulted in a sequel to " The Voyage of Life ; " and, after an absence of less than two years, he returned. He painted, among other works, " The Cross in the Wilder ness," "L Allegro," and "II Penseroso," " Home in the Woods," " The Hunter s Return," " The Mountain Ford," &c. In 1835, he composed a dramatic poem, " The Spirits of the Wilderness," still unpublished. In early life, he wrote for the Phila. Saturday Evening Post " a tale called " Emma Moreton ; " and some of his sketches of travel have been pub. in the Literary World. A memoir of his life has been pub. by Rev. L. L. Noble, 12mo, 1855. Coleman, JOHN, D.D., Episc. clergyman, b. Baltimore, 1803. Editor of " Faber s Dif ficulties of Romanism," with Introd. Essay, Phila., 1840 ; of " The Episc. Manual," by Dr. Wilmer, 1841. Contrib. to various religious journals. Editor of the Banner of the Cross, Phila., with Rev. F. Ogilby. Altibone. Coleman, LYMAN, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1847), b. Middlefield, Ms., 14 June, 1796. Y. C. 1817. 3 years principal of the Latin School, Hartford; tutor at Yale, 1820-5; pastor of a church at Belchertovvn, Ms., 7 years ; principal of the Burr Sem., Vt., 5 years; principal of the English depart, at Andover; studied and travelled a year in Germany ; prof, of German in N. J. Coll. ; prof, of Latin and Greek in Laf. Coll. Has pub. " Antiquiries uf tlu Chris tian Church/ trans, from the German, N. Y, 1 846 ; "The Apostolical and Primitive Church," 12mo; "Hist. Geog. of the Bible," Phila., 1850; "Ancient Christianity," 8vo, Phila., 1852; "Hist. Text-Book and Atlas of Bibli cal Geog.," 8vo, Phila., 1854, new ed., revised, 1859. Allibone. Coleman, OTHO M., inventor, b. Barnsta- ble, Ms., Jan. 23, 1817; d. Saratoga, N.Y., Apr. 5, 1845. Of German and English par entage. At the age of 16, he lived in New Bed ford ; was relieved from extreme poverty by the sale of his invention of the automaton lady- minstrel and singing-bird for $800 ; removed to Saratoga in 1842, and invented the -ZEolian attachment to the piano-forte, for which he re ceived $100,000 here, and $10,000 ; n Eng., whence he returned in Jan. 1845. Coleman, WILLIAM, journalist, b. Boston, Feb. 14, 1766; d. New York, July 13, 1829. He was educated for the bar, and ab. 1794 com. practice in Greenfield, Ms., which he repre sented twice in the legisl. He served against the insurgents in Shays rebellion. Removing to New York in 1797, he was for a short time a partner of Aaron Burr in the practice of law ; afterwards, until 1800, he was reporter of the Supreme Court of N. Y.,and was editor of the Evening Post, a leading Federal paper, from 1801 to his d.,and sole editor for 20 years. He was an able, honest, fearless man, and a warm Federalist. Appleton s Ci/cl. Coles, EDWARD, statesman, b. Albemarle Co., Va., Dec. 15, 1786; d. Phila., July 7, 1868. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1807. In 1810-16, he was private sec. to Pros. Madison, who sent him to Russia on a diplomatic mission in 1817. Returning in 1818, he soon after removed to Illinois, taking with him his slaves, whom he liberated. He was gov. of 111. from 1823 to 1826; a resident of Phila. subsequent to 1833. He read before the Pa. Hist. Society, June 9, 1856, "A History of the Ordinance of 1787," pub. 8vo, Phila. Coles, ISAAC A., col. U. S. A., b. Albem. Co., Va., Feb. 15, 1780; d. Charlottesville,Va., July 21, 1841. Capt. light dragoons, Jan. 16, 1809 ; maj. 12th Inf., Mar. 20, 1812 ; col. Mar. 12, 1813; clisb. June, 1815. He was sec. to Pres. Jefferson 4 years ; member of the Va. legisl. Coles, COL. THOMAS, b. Eng., Dec. 4, 1752; d. Providence, Oct. 13, 1844. Capt. in C. Greene s (1st) R. I. regt. in April, 1779; became aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and after wards a naval commander. Collector of the port of Providence many years, and was re moved by Pres. Jackson. Walker Family, 159. Colesworthy, DANIEL CLEMENT,!). Port land, Me., July 14, 1810. Descended from an old Boston family, one of whom was a member of the famous " Tea-Party." He became a printer ; pub. and edited the Portland Tribune in 1840-4, and since 1850 has been a book seller in Boston. He has pub. " Sab.-School Hymns," 1833; "Advice to an Apprentice," 1836 ; " Opening Buds," 1838 ; " Touch at the Times," 1840; "Chronicles of Casco Bay," 1830 ; " Group of Children, and 3thcr Poems," 13G5, &c. COL 207 COL Colfax, SCHUYLER, vice-pres. U.S., b.N.Y. City, Mar. 23, 1823. Grandson of Gen. Wm. of the Revol , com. of Washington s Life Guard, who d. Pompton, N.J., 7 Sept. 1838. A mer chant s clerk for 3 years ; in 1838 removed, with his widowed mother, to Ind., where he studied law. In 1845, he established the Saint Joseph Valley Register, an able Whig paper, at South Bend, which he continued until 1855. Mem ber of the State Const. Conv. in 1850, and op posed the clause prohibiting free colored men from settling in that State ; delegate and sec. of the Whig national conventions of 1848 and 1852; M. C. 1855-69, and speaker of the house in 1863-9 ; became vice-pies. 4 Mar. 1869. While in Congress, he made an eloquent speech :xi the Kansas question, of which 500,000 were circulated. During the civil war, he was the intimate friend and adviser of Pres. Lincoln. He was the most popular presiding officer of the house since Henry Clay. See Lives of Col fax, by Moore and Martin ; Grant and Co! fax, by C. A. Phelps. Colnoun, EDMUND K., capt. U. S. N., b. Pa., May 6, 1821. Midshipm. Apr. 1, 1839; lieut. 1861; com. Nov. 17, 1862; capt. 1869. During the Mexican war, he served at the at tack on Alvarado and at Tabasco, but left the navy, June 27, 1853. Com. steamer " Hunch back," N. A. B. squad., at Roanoke Island, Feb. 7-8, 1862; capture of Newbern, March 14, 1862 ; engagements on the Blackwater River, Oct. 1862; com. steamer " Ladona," 1863, monitor " Weehawken," S. A. B. squad., in the different actions with the Charleston forts, July to Sept. 1863 ; com. monitor " Saugus," N. A. squad., 1864-5; engaged Howlett s battery on James River, June 21 and Dec. 5, 1864; in both attacks on Fort Fisher; now (1870) commands iron-clad "Dictator," N. A. squad. Hamersly. Collamer, JACOB, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1849; D. C. 1857), jurist and senator, b. Troy, N.Y., 1792; d. Woodstock, Vt., 9 Nov. 1865. U. of Vt. 1810. His father removed to Burlington, Vt., where Jacob pursued his studies without any other pecuniary means than his own indus try supplied. He served as a subaltern in 1812, in the war with Eng. ; was adm. to the bar in 1813 ; practised in the Counties of Orange and Windsor, with marked ability and success, until 1833 ; was several years a member of the legisl.; judge of the Sup. Court of Vt. in 1833-42; M. C. 1843-9; U. S. postmaster-gen. 1849- 20 July, 1850 ; again judge Sup. Court of Vt., Irom 8 Nov. 1850, to Oct. 1854; and was U.S. senator from Mar. 1855, to his death. He was a logical reasoner, and a man of remarkable industry. Colles, CHRISTOPHER, philosopher, b. Ire land, ab. 1738; d. New York, 1821. Left an orphan at an early age, he was educated by Po- cocke, afterward Bishop of Ossory, upon whose death, in 1765, he left Ireland, and in 1772 lectured in Phila., upon pneumatics. The next year, he delivered in New York a series of lec tures on inland lock-navigation. In April, 1774, he proposed to build a reservoir for N. Y. City. In 1775, he lectured on gunnery, and was employed as instructor to the artillery dept. of the army, until the arrival of Baron Steuben in 1777. Colles was the first to sug gest canals and improvements to connect Lake Ontario with the Hudson, and surveyed the Mohawk River as far as Wood Creek. The results of his labors were pub. by Samuel Lou- don in 1785. In 1808, Colles pub. a pamphlet on inland navigable communications. He next made a tour through Pa. and N. Y. ; and in 1789 pub. a book of roads through N.Y. In 1796, he settled in N. Y. City, and manuf. band boxes and paper-hangings, rat and mouse traps, Prussian blue and other pigments; and, by these and various other useful avocations, he barely maintained himself. His chemical skill pro cured him an app. to test the specific gravity of imported liquors, and he also made proof- glasses. Finally, through his friend John Pintard, he received, the app. of supt. of the Acad. of Fine Arts. He was benevolent; and his long career was highly useful to his adopted country. During the War of 1812, he was the projector and attendant of the telegraph erected on Castle Clinton. He is said to have built the first steam-engine in Amer. Appleton s New Amer. Cycl. Colleton, JAMES, colonial gov. of S. C. from 1686 to 1690. He was a bro. of one of the proprietors ; was app. landgrave, and en dowed with vast landed possessions. Assum ing the govt. when disputes were rife concern ing tenures of land and quit-rents, he procured alierations in tbe fundamental laws in 1687 ; declared martial law during a rebellion of the people, and was impeached by the assembly, and banished from the province. Collier, SIR GEORGE, a British adm. ; d 6 Apr. 1795. Made capt. R.N., 12 July, 1762; commo.inN.Amer., 1779; adm. 1793. He cap tured " The Hancock," Capt. Manly, in Apr. 1777; in May, 1779, he destroyed the princi pal towns in the Chesapeake; ravaged the coasts of Va. and Ct., destroying several armed ves sels; assisted at the capture of Stony Point, on the Hudson, in June ; July 5, took part in the plundering exped. to N. Haven, and then sailed to the Penobscot, where he captured and destroyed the fleet of Com. Saltonstall. He was knighted for his services in Amer. Col lier s Journal in " The Rainbow," 1776-9, was pub. by Ithiel Town, N.Y., 1835. Collier, HENRY WATKINS, jurist, b. Lu- nenburg Co., Va., Jan. 17, 1801 ; d. Bailey s Springs, Ala., Aug. 28, 1855. Educated "in Abbeville Dist, S.C. ; went to Ala. in 1818 ; adm. to the bar in 1821 ; began practice at Huntsville, and, in 1823, removed to Tuscaloo- sa ; judge of the Circuit Court of that dist. 1827-37 ; chief-justice of Ala. in 1837-49; gov. 1849-53. Collins, CHARLES, D.D. (Dick. Coll., Pa., 1851), b. N. Yarmouth, Me., Apr. 17, 1813. Wesleyan U. 1837. Pres. of the Emory and Henry Coll., Va., 1838-52, and of Dickinson Coll., Pa., from 1852 to 1860, of the State Female Coll., Tenn., 1860-6. Author of " Methodism and Calvinism Compared." Died Memphis, Tenn., July 17, 1875. Collins, ISAAC, printer and bookseller, b. Del., Feb. 16, 1746 ; d. Burlington, N.J., Mar. 21, 1817. Charles, his father, was an emig. from Bristol, Eng. Isaac learned the trade of COL 208 COL a printer, and at 21 went to Phila., and in 1770, to Burlington, N.J., having been app. printer to George III. He removed to Tren ton in 1778, and pub. the first quarto Family Bible in the U.S. In 1796, he removed his family and business to N.Y., but returned to Burlington in ISO?. He was some years one of the govs. of the N. Y. Hospital. Several of his sons became prominent booksellers and publishers in N.Y. See Memoir of Isaac Col lins, 1848. Collins, JOHN, gov. of R.I., 1786-9, mem ber of the Cont. Congress from 1778 to 1783 ; d. Newport, R.I., March, 1795, a. 78. M. C. 1789. lie was first assist, in 1776, and in Apr. 1778, a commissioner to settle the accounts of R.I. with Congress. Collins, JOHN, gov. of Del., 1820, to his d., Apr. 15, 1822, at "Wilmington. Collins, NAPOLEON, commo. U. S. N., b. Pa., May 4, 1814. Midshipman, Jan. 2, 1834; lirut. Nov. 6, 1846; com. July 16, 1862 ; capt. July 25, 1866; commo., Jan. 1871. Attached to sloop " Decatur," and present at Tuspan and Tabasco, Mexican war ; comg. steamer "Ana- costia," Potomac flotilla, in engagements at Acquia Creek, May 31 and June 1, 1861; comg. gunboat "Unadilla" at battle of Port Royal, Nov. 7, 1861, and in various expeds. on the coasts of S.C., Ga., and Fla., 1861-2 ; comg. steamer "Octarora," W.I. squad , 1863 ; steamer " Wachusett," special service, 1863-4. Oct. 7, 1864, he seized the rebel steamer " Flor ida," in the harbor of Bahia, Brazil ; d. Callao, Peru, Aug. 9, 1875. Collins, THOMAS, gov. Del., 1786-9, b. 1732 ; d. near Duck Creek, Kent Co., Del., 29 Mar. 1789. High sheriff of Kent Co. ; 4 years a member of the council ; brig.-gen. of militia, 1776-83; member of the assembly, and chief- justice of C.C.P. Collins, ZACCHEUS, philanthropist, b. Phila., Aug. 26, 1764; d. there June 12, 1831. Member of the Society of Friends ; an ardent promoter of the advancement of the natural sciences, and was an officer or member of many philosophical, humane, and religious societies. Collot, A. G., b. France, 1796; settled in the U.S. Pub. " Complete Study of French," 6 vols ; " French and English Dictionary," 8vo, Phila., 1853; d. Phila. Sept. 11, 1860. Collot, GEN. VICTOR, pub. a map of De troit in 1796, also "Voyage dans le Nord de I Ame rique en 1796," an English trans, of which was pub. in 1826; d. Paris, July, 1805. Collyer. REV. ROBERT, pastor of Unity Church, Chicago, since Feb. 1859 ; b. Keighly, Yorkshire, Eng., 8 Dec. 1823. His youth was passed in a factory and at the forge; but all his leisure was devoted to study. In 1847, he joined the Methodists, emigrated to the U.S. in May, 1850, and was a blacksmith and preacher at Shoemakerstown, Pa. ; but in Jan., having embraced Unitarian views, he was brought up for heresy, and the conference refused to renew his license to preach. He is a simple, earnest, and eloquent preacher, a worker in all needed reforms, and a successful lecturer. Author of a Life of A. H. Conant, 1868. Colman, BENJAMIN, D.D. (U. of Glasg. 1731], clergyman, b. Boston, 19 Oct. 1673 ; d. there 29 Aug. 1747. H. U. 1692. Son of Wra., who came from Lond. ab. 1671. H began to preach in Medford in 1693, embarked for Eng. in July, 1695, but was captured by a privateer, and kept some time pris. in France ; then visited and preached in Eng., gaining the friendship of Bates, Calamy, Howe, and other em. divines, and, returning" to Boston in 1699, became pastor of the Brattle-st. Church, where he preached on the last Sunday of his life. This church was formed in opp. to the Cam bridge platform ; and the other Boston church es long refused to hold communion with it. Chosen pres. of H.U. in 1724, but declined. A benefactor of Harv. and Yale Colleges ; was employed by the Gen. Court in important affairs; and was much esteemed as a pulpit orator. A coll. of his sermons was pub. in 3 vols., 1 707-22. Author, also, of some poems, and a tract in favor of inoculation for the small-pox, 1721. His "Life" was pub. in 1749, by Rev. E. Turell, who m. his dau N.E. PI. and G. Reg. iii. 110. Colman, HENRY, agric. writer and clergy man, b. Boston, Sept. 12, 1785; d. Islington, Eng., Aug. 14, 1849. Dartm. Coll. 1805. From 1807 to 1820, he was a Cong, minister at Hingham, Ms., where he also taught school ; was a teacher in Boston in 1820-5, and, from Feb. 1825 to Dec. 1831, had charge of a Uni tarian church in Salem, when he left, in ill health. Engaging in agriculture at Deerfield, Ms., he was employed by the State, from 1836 to 1842, to investigate its agric. condition and resources. In 1842, he visited Europe, in the employ of the Ms. Agric. Soc., for a similar purpose, and pub. in 2 vols., 8vo, " European Agric. and Rural Economy," and " Agric. and Rural Economy of France, Belgium, Holland, and Switzerland," 8vo, 1848, the result of 6 years observation. He also pub. " Report on Silk Culture," 1840, and "Reports on the Agric. of M.S.," 1838-9; "Letters on European Life and Manners," 2 vols., 1849, and 2 vols. of ser mons. Visiting Eng. again for his health in 1849, he d. soon after his arrival. Colinan, SAMUEL, landscape-painter, b. Portland, Me., 1832. Son of Samuel, book seller and publisher of N.Y., and also dealer in engravings and pictures ; has painted, among other fine pictures, "Rock of Gibraltar," "Lake George " " Street Scene in Seville," " Conway Valley," " Harbor of Seville," and " Barges on the Hudson," " Hill of the Alhambra," and " Tower of the Giralda." His first picture was exhib. at the Acad. in 1850. He went abroad in 1860, studied and sketched in Anda lusia and in Paris, and was made a member of the Acad. of Design in 1862. He is one of the most poetical of Amer. painters. Colquitt, WALTER T., Democ. politician, b. Halifax Co., Va., Dec. 27, 1799; d. Macon, Ga., May 7, 1855. Adm. to the bar in 1820 ; brig.-gen. of militia at the age of 21 ; in Dec. 1826, app. a dist. judge; re-app. in 1829; a member of the State senate in 1834 and 1837 ; M.C. 1839-43; U.S. senator, 1843-9. He sup ported the Polk administration in the contro versy relative to Oregon, and, throughout the Mexican war, was prominent in oppo. to the Wilmot Proviso, and was one of the mo?i COL 209 COIL, earnest speakers in the Nashville convention in 1850, in defence of the " rights " of the South. He had also been a Methodist preacher, and, even during the turmoil of a most exciting po litical career, was in the habit of officiating at the Methodist churches. He took an active part in public affairs, and was a ready speaker. Bench and Bar of Ga. Colt) SAMUEL, inventor, b. Hartford Ct., July 19, 1814; d. there Jan. 10, 1862. In July, 1829, he ran away from home, and shipped, as a boy before-the-mast, on an East-India voyage. After his return, under the assumed name of Dr. Coult, he lectured on chemistry in the U.S. and Canada. The proceeds of these earnings were devoted to the prosecution of his invention of the revolver, the first model of which, in 1829, was of wood. In 1835, when only 21, he took out his first patent for revolv ing fire-arms, securing patents in Eng. and France ; and a company was formed at Patter son, N.J., which suspended in 1842. In 1837, during the Florida war, Colt s revolvers were first successfully used. During the Mexican war, a demand sprung up ; and Mr. Colt com menced their manuf. at Hartford. The extraor dinary emigration to Cal., and afterward to Australia, greatly increased the demand ; and he erected an armory of Portland stone, with a capacity for the manuf. of 1,000 per day. A part of the establishment is devoted to the manuf. of machinery for making these fire arms elsewhere, which has already supplied a large portion of the machinery for the armory at Enfield, Eng., and the whole of that for the Russian Govt. armory at Tula. Various im provements were patented after the Mexican war; and it was adopted by the U.S. Govt. as a regular weapon for the army. The Cri mean and Indian campaigns suggested still further improvements in its construction, also secured by patent, rendering the arm compar atively perfect, and of superior efficiency. From almost all the govts. of Europe, he received orders of merit, medals, diplomas, and other tokens of their appreciation of his great inven tion. Mr. Colt also invented a submarine battery of great power and efficacy, and was one of the inventors of the submarine teleg. cable ; having laid, and operated with perfect success, in 1843, such a cable from Coney Island and Fire Island to the city of N.Y., and from the Merchants Exchange to the mouth of the harbor. He acquired an immense fortune. Colton, CALVIN, LL.D. (Hob. Coll. 1852), clergyman and author, b. Longmeadow, Ms., 1789 ; d. Savannah, Ga., March 13, 1857. Y.C. 1812. Settled over the Presb. church at Batavia, N.Y., 1815 ; he subsequently entered the ministry of the Pr.-Ep. church, but relin quished preaching in 1826 from failure of his voice. After a long tour through the U.S., he went to Eng. in 1831, as corresp. of the AM 7 . Observer. In 1848, he wrote on political economy, of which science he was choson prof, in Trin. Coll., Hartford, in 1852. From 1842 to 1 844, he edited the True Whig in Washing- ion. He pub. in Eng. "A Manual for Emi grants to Amer.," and the " History and Char acter of Amer. Revivals of Religion," 1832; " The Americans, by an Amer. in London," 14 1833; "Amer. Cottager," "A Tour of the Lakes," 1833 ; "Church and State in Amer.," "Protestant Jesuitism," 1836; "Abolition a Sedition," and " Abolition and Colonization Contrasted," 1838 ; " A Voice from. Amer. to Eng./ 1839; "The Crisis of the Country," "Amer. Jacobinism," and "One Presidential Term," 1840; "Junius," a series of tracts, 1843-4; "Life and Time of Henry Clay," 1846; "Four Years in Great Britain," 1835; " Thoughts on the Religious State of the Country," " The Genius and Mission of ihe Ep. Church in the U.S." 1853 ; " The Rights of L;i- bor," 1844 ; " " Public Economy of the U.S.," 8vo, 1848; "Private Corresp. of Henry Clay," 8vo, 1855 ; " Last Seven Years of the Life of Henry Clay," 8vo, 1856; "Speeches of Henry Clay," 2 vols., 8vo, 1857. Colton, GEORGE HOOKER, author, b. Westford, N.Y., Oct. 27, 1818; d. NY. City, Dec. 1, 1847. Y.C. 1840. SonofCalvin. lie immediately after grad. engaged as a teacher in Hartford, where he wrote the poem of " Te- cumseh ; or, The West 30 Years Since," pub. 1842. He delivered a course of lectures on the Amer. Indians in 1842-3, and a poem before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Y. C., 1844, and in 1845 started the American Whig Review in N.Y., which he conducted till his death. Duyc- kinck. Colton, WALTER, author, bro. of Calvin, b. Rutland, Vt., May 9, 1797; d. Phila., Jan. 22, 1851. Y. C. 1822. After teaching school, and studying theology at Andover, he became, in 1825, prof, of moral philos. and belles-let tres at Middletown Acad., Ct. In 1828, he was editing a Whig paper in Washington, but, becoming a favorite with Pres. Jackson, was app. chaplain in the navy. In 1831, he sailed to the W. Indies in " The Vincennes ; " in 1832-5 in " The Constellation," to the Mediter ranean, and in 1838 was assigned to Phila., where, in 184 1-2, he was principal editor of the North American, and pub. a pamphlet, entitled " The Bible in the Public Schools." July 28, 1846, he was made by Com. Stockton alcalde of Monterey, Cal., also officiating there as judge of admiralty during the Mexican war, and established the first newspaper in Cal. He returned to Phila. in 1849. Among his works are " Ship and Shore," 1835 ; " Con stantinople and Athens," 1836; "Deck and Port," 1850; "Three Years in California," 1850 ; " Land and Sea," 1851 ; " The Sea and the Sailor," " Notes on France and Italy," and other literary remains, with a memoir by Rev. H. T. Cheever, 12mo, 1851. Columbus, BARTHOLOMEW, a younger bro. to Christopher, b. Genoa, ab. 1436; d. 1514. He displayed great ingenuity in drawing spheres and sea-charts at Lisbon in 1470. Ab. 1486, he visited the Cape of Good Hope, prob ably with Barthelemi Diaz. Queen Isabella sent him, in com. of 3 store-ships, to the new colony of Hispaniola, where Christopher re ceived him with joy, and app. him adelantado, or lieut.-gov. of the Indies. In this position, he showed great bravery and decision. The Spanish monarchs confirmed his title, and <rave him the lordship of the small Islnnd of Mona, near St. Domingo, with 200 Indians as liis COL 210 COL personal body-guard. Bartholomew shared the honors and dangers of his brother s discoveries ; became very wealthy, and was the founder of the town of St. Domingo. Columbus. CHRISTOPHER, discoverer of America, b. at Cogerio, 20 miles west of Genoa, ab. 1435; d. Valladolid, Spain, May 20, 1506. He was the eldest son of Domenico Colombo, a cloth-weaver ; though his ancestors followed the sea. Sent at the age of 10 to the U. of Pavia, he studied cosmography, history, phi losophy, and other sciences having a bearing on navigation. Entering the Genoese marine in 1445-50, he continued in it 20 years. In an action with the Venetians, his vessel took fire, and he saved himself by swimming ashore, whence he went to Lisbon, where he staid until 1484, supporting himself by drawing charts in conjunction with his brother, and making occa sional voyages to Madeira, the Canaries, Azores, and the Portuguese settlements in Af rica. While at Lisbon, he m. Felipa, dau. of Bartolomeo di Palestrello, a disting. Italian navigator. In 1477, he made a voyage to the N. VV., 100 leagues beyond Ireland, into lat. 73. Columbus had by this time matured his views ; namely, that the earth was spherical, that Asia extended to the parallel now known as 180 E. from Greenwich, that a navi gable ocean only intervened, and that not more than y of the earth s circumference separated Europe and Asia. He applied for aid in find ing this western route to India, first to the re public of Genoa, and, subsequently, to either Alfonso V., or John II. of Portugal. The lat ter referred it to his council, who reported against it. Hopeless of success in Portugal, he set out, in 1484, with his son Diego, for Spain. Stopping at a convent near Palos to beg some bread for his boy, he acquired the friendship of the superior, Juan Perez de Marchena, with whom he remained till the spring of 1486. While awaiting the result of his application to Ferdinand and Isabella, Columbus served in the war against the Moors of Granada. Re ceiving an unfavorable reply in 1491, he next applied to Charles VIII. of France. Finally, with the aid of the Spanish sovereigns, 3 small ships were fitted out at Palos, and sailed, Aug. 3, 1492. At 2 o clock, A.M., of Friday, Oct. 12, 1492, after having been 71 days at sea, "The Pinta " fired a gun, the signal for land. This land he took possession of in the name of the crown of Castile, and named the Island San Salvador. He also discovered others of the W.I. Islands, and built on the Bay of Caracola a fort with the timbers of " The Santa Maria," and, leaving in it 39 men, sailed, Jan. 4, 1493, for Spain; taking with him several of the natives. He was well received by the king and queen, confirmed in all the dignities previously be stowed, and given the command of 17 ships and 1,500 men to prosecute the discovery. With this fleet, he sailed from Cadiz, Sept. 25, 1493; discovered the Windward Islands, Ja maica, and Porto Rico, and founded a colony in Hispaniola, of which he left his brother Bar tholomew lieut.-gov., and reached Cadiz June 11, 1496. He succeeded in clearing himself of the charges and clamor raised against him by the adventurers who had accomp. him in the expedition of finding gold, and May 30, 1498, sailed on his 3d voyage with 6 ships. He discovered the mouth of the Orinoco, then re visited Hispaniola to recruit his enfeebled health, and again became the victim of malice and misrepresentation. A commissioner sent from Spain to inquire into the trouble put Co lumbus and his bro. in chains, and sent them to Spain. The officers of the ship offering to liberate him from his fetters, he replied proudly, "I will wear them as a memento of the grati tude of princes." The indignation expressed throughout Spain at this outrage caused the king to disclaim having authorized it ; but the nobles were jealous of his superior rank, and the king dissatisfied with the small profits of the enterprise. The only subsequent employ ment Columbus received was the command of 4 caravels, with 150 men, to search for a passage through the sea, now the Gulf of Mexico. He left Cadiz, May 9, 1 502 ; coasted the south side of the Gulf of Mexico, and, after much suffering from hardship and famine, reached San Lucar, Nov 7, 1504, where he lay sick some months, and, upon recovery, had his claims for redress finally rejected by the king. At the age of 70, infirm in body, but in full possession of his mental faculties, having, in his own words, " No place to repair to, except an inn, and often with nothing to pay for his sustenance," the dis coverer of the New World died. The tomb over his remains bears this inscription, " To Castile and Leon, a new world gave Colon." His re mains, taken in 1536 to St. Domingo, were, in 1796, conveyed with great pomp to the Cathedral of Havana, where they now repose. His son DIEGO sued the king in the high council of the Indies, and, recovering the viceroyalty of Hispaniola, m. Maria, niece of the Duke of Alva. Their eldest son, Luis, became Duke of Veragua, Marquis of Ja maica. See Life and Voyages, by Irving. Colver, REV. NATHANIEL, D.D., Baptist clergyman, b. Orwell, Vt., May, 1794 ; d. Chi cago," Sept. 25, 1870. He had a limited edu cation, was a vol. in the War of 1812, and was by trade a tanner. He began his ministry at Union Village, N.Y., in 1836, and was set tled successively in Boston (1843), Detroit, Cincinnati, and Chicago (1860). He was emi nent as an antimason and an abolitionist, was an able preacher, and had great power with the masses. After the war, he founded, and put in successful operation at Richmond, the " Colver Institute," for educating young men of color for the ministry. Author of three lectures on Odd Fellowship. 1844. ColvUle, ALEXANDER, lord, made an adm. in 1762, and com. in N. Amer. ; retook Newfoundland; d. 1779. Colvocoresses, GEORGE M., capt U.S.N., b. Greece. App. from Vt. midshipm Feb. 21, 1832 ; com. July 1, 1861 ; capt. and re tired, 1867. Attached to Wilkes s expl. exped. 1838-42 ; as 1st lieut., participated in capture of the barrier forts, Canton, China ; com. store- ship "Supply," 1861-3, and captured "The Stephen Hart," loaded with arms and am munition for the rebels ; com. " Saratoga," S.A.B. squad., 1864, and received thanks of the adm. and of the navy dept. for merit, ser- COL 211 COIN" vices; com, sloop " St. Mary s," Pacific squad., 1865-6 ; d. Bridgeport, Ct., June 3, 1872. Colwell, STEPHEN, author, b. Brooke Co., Va., Mar. 25, 1800. JefF. Coll., Pa., 1819. Adm. to the bar in Va., 1821 ; practised some time in Pittsburg, but has been many years an iron-merchant in Phila. Author of " New Themes for the Protestant Clergy," &c., 1851 ; "Politics for Amer. Christians," 1852 ; " Religious Instruction in Public Schools," &c., 1854 ; " The Ways and Means of Commercial Payment," &c., 1858 ; and a number of pam phlets on politics, banking, and polit. economy. Died Phila. 15 Jan. I871.Allibone. Combe, GEORGE, a Scottish phrenologist, b. near Edinburgh, Oct. 21, 1788; d. Moor Park, Surrey, Eng., Aug. 14, 1858. He was bred to the legal profession, but in 1816, with his bro. Andrew, devoted himself to the propa gation of the science of phrenology as writer and lecturer. In 1838-40, accomp. by his wife, he visited the U.S., and delivered 158 lectures in various parts of the country. He pub. many works on phrenology and educa tion, and also "Notes on the U.S. of Ameri ca," 3 vols., 1841. Combs, LESLIE, lawyer and politician, b. Ky., 1793. His father, a Virginian, was a Revol. officer, and a hunter of Ky. Leslie, the youngest of 12 children, joined the army in 1812 ; was disting. for energy and bravery ; com. a company of scouts ; was wounded near Fort Meigs, and narrowly escaped death. He afterward practised law, took part in politics as a personal friend and supporter of Henry Clay, and was a fluent, eloquent, and effective speaker. In 1836, he raised a regt. for the south-western frontier at the time of the revol. in Texas. A gen. of militia, and resides in Lexington, Ky. Comegys, CORNELIUS G., M.D., b. Del. Prof, of Institutes of Medicine in Miami Coll., O. Author of " A History of Medi cine," 8vo, Cincin., 1856. Comer, THOMAS, actor and musician, b. Bath, Eng., Dec. 19, 1790; d. Boston, July 27, 1862. He played at Covent Garden and Drury Lane; came to this country in 1827, and was successively musical director at the Treraont Theatre, Museum, and Boston Thea tre, He excelled in eccentric parts and in Irish personations, and was skilled in musi cal composition. Comly, JOHN, a Friend, author of some popular school text-books, b. Pa. ; d. Byberry, Pa., Aug. 17, 1850, a. 76. See Journal of the Life and Religious Labors of John Comly of By- berry, pub. by his children, 8vo, Phila. , 1853. Comonfort, YGNACIO, pres. of Mexico, 1855-8, b. Puebla, March 12, 1812; murdered Nov. 13, 1863. He entered the Jesuit Coll. in 1826, became a capt. of cav. in 1832, and es poused the liberal cause. In 1 834, he was made prefect and military gov. of the dist. of Tlapa ; in 1842, he was elected to Congress, and re- elected in 1846. In the revol. of Aug. 1846, Comonfort took a conspicuous part. App. 3d alcalde of the capital, and afterward prefect of Western Mexico, he relinquished these posi tions to engage in the war with the U.S., at the close of which he was summoned to the Congress of Queretaro. He was then chosen senator of Puebla, and served until 1851. In 1852-3, he represented in Congress the newly- created State of Guerrero, and acted as custom house director of Acapulco and other places, until Santa Ana s return, when he was dismiss ed from office. He now joined Alvarez, raised the standard of revol., proclaimed the plan of Ayutla, March 11, 1854, visited N.Y., and raised funds there to carry on the war, finally compelling Santa Ana, in 1855, to abdicate. Alvarez resigned the supreme power to Comon fort, Dec. 1 1, 1855. He soon met with strenuous opposition from the clergy, the army, and the large body of the conservative party. An in surrection broke out at the capital, resulting, after a bloody struggle, in the elevation of Juarez; and Comonfort, in Feb. 1858, came to the U.S. He soon went to France, but, on the first movement of the French for the invasion of Mexico, returned thither, and offered his services to Juarez, who made him com. in chief. He was murdered by banditti while on his way to San Luis Potosi. Comstock, ADAM, a Revol. officer; d. Saratoga Co., N.Y., Apr. 10, 1819, a. 79. Formed by nature for a soldier, he early en gaged in the Revol. conflict, and was lieut.-col. of Lippits s R.I. Regt. Enjoying the confi dence of Washington, he was soon promoted to a colonelcy ; was the " officer of the day " at the victory of Red Bank, and alternately com. with Col. Saml. Smith in the gallant af fair of Mud Fort. After the war, he settled in Saratoga, N.Y. ; filled various judicial offices, serving near 20 years in the legisl. and the council. Comstock, ANDREW, M.D., prof, of elo cution, and lecturer on .oratory, b. N.Y., 1795. Author of a "New System of Phonetics," "Phonetic Speaker," "Testament," "Reader," " Historia Sacra," and " Homer s Iliad," " El ocution," 16th ed., 1854. Comstock, JOHN LEE, physician and au thor, b. East Lyme, Ct., 1789; d. Hartford, Ct., Nov. 21, 1858. He was self-educated ; was a surgeon in thearmyduring the War of 1812-15, and afterwards resided in Hartford. He pre pared for the use of schools, text-books on chem istry, natural history, botany, physical geogra phy, physiology, and mineralogy ; a " History of Gold and Silver ; " " History of the Greek Revolution," 1829; and " Cabinet of Curiosi ties." His " Natural Philosophy " became a standard book ; and its sale, which was not con fined to this country, reached nearly a million copies. He possessed great mechanical skill, constructed most of his apparatus himself, and, being a skilful draughtsman, made the drawings for most of the illustrations of his works. Conant, HANNAH O BRIEN CHAPLIN, dau. of Rev. Jeremiah Chaplin, b. Danvers, Ms. 1812; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Feb. 18, 1865; m^ Dr. T. J. Conant in 1832. In 1838, she began editing the Mother s Monthly Journal, and was a constant contrib. to the periodical press. By her knowledge of Oriental languages, she ren dered great service to her husband in the prep aration of the new version of the Scriptures. Author of a number of works, original and CON 212 COUNT translated, among them, "Lea; or, The Bap tism in Jordan," by Strauss, 1844 ; translations of Neander s Commentaries on the Epistles of John and James, and the Epistle of Paul to the Philippians, 1850-52; the " Earnest Man," a biog. sketch of Dr. Judson, 1855 ; a " Popular History of English Bible Translation," 1856; and the "New-England Theocracy," 1857, a translation from the German ; " The History of the English Bible," 1859. Conant, ROGER, an early settler in Ms., b. Budleigh, Devonshire, Eng., April, 1593; d. Beverly, Ms., Nov. 19, 1679. He came to Plymouth in 1623; removed to Nantasket in 1625, and thence, in the autumn, to Cape Ann, charged by the adventurers in Eng. with the care of that settlement. He founded Salem, where, in 1626, he built the first house. He was a representative at the first court in 1634 ; in 1637, he was a justice of the Quarterly Court in what was afterward known as Essex Co. He organized the first Puritan church at Cape Ann. In 1640, his son Roger, "being the first-born child in Salem," received from the town a grant of 40 acres of land. See Notice of Conant, by J. B. Felt, in Geneal. Reg., ii., 233, 329. Conant, THOMAS J., D.D., Orientalist and biblical scholar, b. Brandon, Vt., Dec. 13, 1802. Midd. Coll. 1823. After a brief tutor ship at Col. Coll., D.C., he was made prof, of languages in Wat. Coll., Me., which he resigned in f833. In 1835, he was made prof, of bibli cal literature and criticism in the theol. sem. at Hamilton, N. Y., and in 1850, he assumed a similar office in Rochester Sem., which he re signed ab. 1859. While prof, at Hamilton, he visited Europe, spending 2 years at Halle and Berlin. He has been long engaged in the prep aration of an improved popular version of the Scriptures. His first elaborate production, writ ten while at Middlebury, was an essay on the laws of translation. In 1839, he translated " Gesenius s Hebrew Grammar." He pub. a version of the " Book of Job " in 1857. Concanen, LUKE, O. P., first R. C. bishop of N. Y. ; consec. Apr. 24, 1808; d. 1810. Concha, JOSE, MARQUIS DE LA HABANA, capt.-gen. of Cuba, b. Buenos Ayres, 1800. Took part in the struggle in S. A., and against Don Carlos; was app. lieut.-gen. in 1839, and was capt.-gen. of the Basque provinces from 1843 to 1846. Placed at the head of the Span ish cavalry, he was capt.-gen. of Cuba from 1849 to 1852, when he was removed, after the attempt of Lopez, and replaced by Canedo. Joining his bro. in opposing the govt., he was banished from Spain in June, 1854. After the revol. of July, 1854, he was re-app. capt.-gen. of Cuba, and, with the exception of a short pe riod in 1856, held the office until Dec. 1858. Minister of war, 1863 ; pres. Spanish senate, 1864 ; app. nominal prime-minister by the queen just after the revol. broke out in Spain in Sept. 1868. Condamine, CHARLES MARIE DE LA, a French mathematician and geographer, b. Paris, Jan. 28, 1701 ; d. there Feb. 4, 1774. Educated at the U. of Paris, he abandoned the military career, in which he was disting., and, joining an exploring exped., visited Troas, Cy prus, Jerusalem, and Constantinople. In 1735, the Acad. of Sciences sent him to Peru to measure an arc of the meridian. He returned to France in 1743, and prepared accounts of the voyage, travels, and labors of the commission. was made a fellow of the Rcy. Soc. of Lond., and in 1760 a member of the Acad. of Sciences in Paris. Condict, JOHN, senator, b. 1755; d. Or ange, N.J., May 4, 1834. He was a soldier and surgeon in the Revol. army ; was several years a member of the N.J. legisl.; M. C. from 1799 to 1803 and 1819-20; and IT. S. senator from 1803 to 1817. Lanman. Cpndict, LEWIS, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1794), politician, b. Morristown, N.J., Mar. 1773 ; d there May 26, 1862. He was high-sheriff of Morris Co. before 1800 ; member of the State legisl. from 1805 to 1810, officiating as speaker two terms ; one of the commissioners for set tling the boundary between N. Y. and N. J. ; and M. C. in 1811-17 and 1821-33. Condict, SILAS, member of the State le gisl., M. C. 1831-3, member of the State Const. Conv. of 1844, many years pres. of the Newark Banking Co. b. N. J., 1777 ; d. Newark, N.J., Nov. 29, 1861. N. J. Coll. 1795. Silas, his father, was a delegate to the Old Congress in 1781-4. Condie, D. FRANCIS, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1818), b. Phila., May 12, 1796. Has pub. "An Abridgment of Thomas s Practice," 1817 ; "Course of Examination for Med. Students," 1824 ; " Catechism of Health," 1831 ; " Trea tise on Epidemic Cholera," in conjunction with Dr. John Bell, 1832 ; "Diseases of Chil dren," 4th ed., 8vo, 1854. Editor of Church ill s " Diseases of Women." Contrib. to " Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine," Phila., 1834, and to numerous medical journals ; d. Del. Co., Pa., Mar. 31, 1875. Condorcanqui, JOSEPH GABRIEL, an American Spaniard, who, having been ill-treat ed by a magistrate of Lima, attempted the re dress of his own grievances, and the oppres sions of the Indians, by exciting an insurrec tion in 1780. He was an artful and intrepid man, and, to conciliate the Indians, assumed the name of the Inca Tupac-Amaru, professing a design to restore the ancient dynasty of Peru, a project which had been entertained by Raleigh. His plan was at first successful ; and, after a contest of 3 years, he was hailed inca of Peru. Having become obnoxious to the Spanish settlers, troops were sent against him ; and, the efforts of the Indians proving too fee ble and desultory, he was deserted by his fol lowers, taken, and cruelly put to death. Humboldt. Cone, SPENCER HOUGHTON, D.D. (B.U. 1842), a Baptist clergyman, b. Princeton, N.J., Apr. 30, 1785; d. N.Y., Aug. 25, 1855. At the age of 14, he was obliged to leave N. J. Coll., and assist, by teaching, in the support of his widowed mother and family. Becoming an actor, he played 7 years with great success, principally in Phila. Abandoning the stage in Dec. 1812, he connected himself with the CON 213 CON Baltimore American, and afterwards with the Baltimore Whig. He was present, in com. of a company of vols. from Baltimore, at Bladens- burg and Fort McHenry, and afterwards be came a clerk in the treasury dept. at Washing ton. Ord. a Baptist minister in 1815, he be came, a few weeks afterwards, chaplain to Congress; was pastor of the Baptist Church in Alexandria, D. C., from 1816 until May 1823; of the Oliver-st. Church, N.Y. City, for 1 8 years ; and of the First Baptist Church, from 1841 until his death. In 1836-49, Dr. Cone was pres. of the Bible Society. He was one of the most popular pulpit orators in the U.S. He was a leading member of the Baptist gen eral Convention of the U.S. till he became its pres. in 1832 ; was foremost in directing the measures of the Societies of Home and Foreign Missions ; and was one of the authors of a tract in 1850, calling for a new translation of the Bible more definitely in accordance with Bap tist views. See Memoir, by his Sons, N. Y.,l 856. Conkling, ALFRED, jurist, b. E. Hamp ton, N.Y., Oct. 12, 1789. Un. Coll. 1810. Adm. to the bar in 1812 ; dist.-atty. for Mont gomery Co., two or three years ; M.C. 1821-3 ; settled in Albany ; app. U.S. dist. judge of the northern dist. of N.Y. ; minister to Mexi co in 1852, and, on his return, settled at Gene- see, N.Y. Author of " Conkling s Treatise," " Conkling s Admiralty," 1857; "The Pow ers of the Executive Departments of the U.S.," 1867 ; " Young Citizen s Manual." Two of his sons are members of Congress. Conkling, ROSCOE, lawyer and senator, son of Alfred, b. Albany, 1829. Received a good education, and adopted the profession of law ; settled in Utica in 1846, of which place he was mayor in 1858 ; app. dist.-atty. of Oneida Co. in 1849; M. C. 1859-63; U. S. senator, since 1867. Disting. as a debater. Conner, DAVID, commo. U.S.N., b. Har- risburg, Pa., 1792 ; d. Phila., Mar. 20, 1856. He entered a counting-house in Phila. in 1806, and, in a voyage to the W. Indies, developed an inclination for the sea. Midshipman, Jan. 16, 1809, and, as acting lieut., took part in the action between " The Hornet " and " Peacock," Feb. 24, 1813. Charged with the duty of re moving the prisoners, Lieut. Conner was among the last to leave the sinking vessel. July 24, 1813, he became a lieut., and remained in " The Hornet" under Capt. Biddle. In the action with " The Penguin," Mar. 23, 1815, he was dangerously wounded, and, for his gallantry, was presented with a medal by Congress ; and the legisl. of Pa. unanimously voted him a sword. Mar. 3, 1825, he was promoted to the rank of com., and Mar. 3, 1835, to that of capt. Com. the squadron on the W. India station, just before the commencement of hostilities with Mexico, he was much commended by govt. for the manner in which he performed his duties. He established an efficient blockade of the Mex ican ports on the gulf. Nov. 14, 1846, the port of Tampico was captured. Mar. 9, 1847, he di rected the landing of the army of Gen. Scott, at Vera Cruz, but was soon after compelled, by the failure of his health, to return home. Conner, SAMUEL SHEPARD, b. N.H. ; d. Covington, Ky., 17 Dec. 1820. Y. C. 1806. App. maj. 21st Inf., Mar. 12, 1812; aide-de camp to Gen. Dearborn, 1813; lieut.-col. 13th Inf., Mar. 1813 to July 1814 ; M. C. from Ms., 1815-17; surveyor-gen, in O., 1819. Gardner. Conolly, JOHN, physician and adventurer, b. Lancaster Co., Pa. He resided at Pittsburg, and was a business corresp. of Washington s, who pronounced him, " A very sensible, intelli gent man." He was seized and imprisoned, while at the head of an armed party, in 1774, by the authorities of Pa., with whom he had a bitter controversy respecting land at the Falls of the Ohio, granted him by Lord Dun- more. In 1775, he was authorized by Dun- more to raise and com. a regt. of loyalists and Indians, to be called the "Loyal Foresters." While on his way to execute this design, he was taken, and held prisoner till near the end of the war. Ab. 1788, he and other disaffect ed persons held conferences at Detroit, with prominent citizens of the West, as to the seiz ure of N. Orleans, and the forcible control of the navigation of the Mpi. The attention of Washington was attracted to the subject; and measures were taken to counteract the plot. Sabine. Connolly, JOHN, R. C. bishop of N.Y., consec. Nov. 16, 1814 ; d. N.Y. Feb. 6, 1825. Connor, HENRY W., M. C. 1821-41, b. Prince George Co., Va., Aug. 1793 ; d. N.C., Jan. 15, 1866. U. of S. C. 1812. Aide to Gen. Graham in the Creek war of 1814; member of the assembly in 1848. Conover, THOMAS A., com. U. S. N., b. N.J., 1794 ; d. S. Ainboy, N.J., Sept. 24, 1864. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1812; lieut. Mar. 5, 1817 ; com. Feb. 28, 1838 ; capt. Oct. 2, 1848. His first cruise was in " The Essex," Com. Porter. He was in Macdonough s fleet in the victory on Lake Charnplain, Sept. 11, 1814. Com. the African squadron in 1857-9, and was made commo. on the retired list, July 16, 1862. Conrad, CHARLES M., statesman, b. Win chester, Va., ab. 1804. While an infant, he was taken by his father to Mpi., and thence to La., where he has since resided. Adm. to the N. O. bar in 1 828 ; served some years in the State legisl. ; U.S. senator in 1842-3 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1844 ; M.C. from 1849 to Aug. 1850; sec. of war under Pres. Fillmore from Aug. 15, 1850, to Mar. 7, 1853 ; served as a brig.-gen. in the rebel army ; mem ber Confed. Cong. 1862-4; d. Feb. 11, 1878. Conrad, ROBERT T., lawyer, politician, and man of letters, b. Phila., June 10, 1810 ; d. there June 27, 1858. Son of John, publisher and bookseller of Phila. Educated for the bar, his tastes led him to literature. Before he was 21, he wrote a tragedy, Conradin, and in 1832 pub. the Daily Commercial Intelligencer, which was merged into the Pkila. Gazette. Abandon ing this occupation from ill health, in 1834, he returned to the law ; became recorder of the Northern Liberties, and, in 1838, judge of the criminal sessions for the city and county of Phila. When the latter court was dissolved, he resumed the pen, edited Graham s Magazine, and became asso. editor of the North American. Upon the consolidation of the districts with the city, he was elected mayor by the Whig anrf CON 214 coo American parties. In 1856, he was app. to the bench of the Quarter Sessions, serving in that capacity till the fall of 1857. In literature, he is best known by the tragedy of " Aylmere," purchased by Mr. Forrest, and in which that actor sustains the part of " Jack Cade." In 1852, Judge Conrad pub. a vol. entitled " Aylmere and Other Poems," the principal of which are " The Sons of the Wilderness," and a series of sonnets on the Lord s Prayer. Judge C. was also celebrated as a popular political speaker. Conrad, TIMOTHY ABBOTT, naturalist, b. N.J., 1803. Member Imperial Soc. of Nat. Hist, of Moscow. Ha* pub. " Fossil Shells of the Tertiary Formations of the U.S.," 1832; " New Fresh Water Shells of the U.S.," 1836 ; " Miocene Shells of the U.S.," 1838 ; " Paleon- tologv of Lynch s Palestine Exp." in. Tour. Acad. Nat. "Set., Phil. ; of " The Pacific R. R. Survey in Cal.," 1854; of " The Mex. Boundary Sur vey," 1854, and in " N.Y. State Ann. Report," 1840; " Monography of the Urionidae of the U.S." 1836; N.Y. Geological Report, 1837, and " New Fresh Water Shells and Fossils of the U.S." in Sittiman s Jour.;d.. Aug. 8, 1877. Contee, BENJAMIN, D.D., Prot.-Epis. clergyman ; d. Charles Co., Md., Nov. 3, 1815, a. 60. An officer in the 3d Md. batt. in 1776 ; a delegate to the Old Congress, 1787-8 ; M.C. 1789-91; chief judge of the County Tes tamentary Court. Converse, CHARLES CROZAT (Karl Reden, E. C. Revons, and C. O. Nevers, noms de plume) ; b. Warren, Ms., 1834 ; grad. in music, Leipsic, 1857, and in law, 1 86 1 . Author of " Spring and Holiday," a cantata, 1855 ; " New Method for the Guitar," 1855 ; " Musi cal Bouquet," 1859; a cantata, the 126th Psalm, 1860; "Sweet Singer," 1863; " Church Singer," 1863 ; " Sayiugs of Sages," 1863. Allibone. Conway, THOMAS, COUNT DE, gen. in the Revol. army, b. Ireland, Feb. 27, 1733; d. ab. 1800. Taken to France when 6 years old, he was educated there, attained the rank of col. and the decoration of St. Louis ; and in 1777, on the recommendation of Silas Deane, came to the U.S. ; made brig.-gen. May 13, 1777, and led his brigade at Brandywine and Germantown; maj.-gen. and insp.-gen., Dec. 13, 1777; resigned, 1778. Conway was one of the most active of the secret enemies of Washington, and endeavored to elevate Gates to the supreme com., a conspiracy known as the " Conway Cabal." His course made him unpopular ; and, much to his surprise, his res ignation was accepted. In a duel with Gen. Cadwallader, July 4, 1778, receiving what he supposed a fatal wound, he wrote a letter of apology to Washington, containing the ex pression, " You are, in my eyes, the great and good man." He recovered, returned to France, and in 1784 was marshal-de-camp, and app. gov. of Pondicherry and all the French settle ments in Hindostan. He desired, in 1788, to issist the Republican party in the Dutch set tlements, but was prevented by the Marquis Cornwallis. When the French revol. broke out, he was obliged to fly ; and his life was saved only by the energetic efforts of the British authorities. He m. a dau. of Baron de Copley, marshal-de-camp. See Ross s Life of Corn wallis. Conway, WILLIAM, actor, b. London ; d 1828. Educated for the bar, his first appear ance on the stage was at the Haymarket. Ha terminated a 3-years engagement in 1816; starred till 1821, and, after an engagement at the Haymarket, came to America in 1823. After visiting the Western and Southern cities, early in 1828 he took passage for Savannah, and, off Charleston bar, threw himself into the sea, and was drowned. He possessed a cul tivated mind, and in Coriolanus was excelled by Kemble alone. Conwell, HENRY, D.D., R.C. bishop of Phila., consec. Lond., Eng., 1820 ; d. Phila., Apr. 22, 1842, a. 91. Cony, SAMUEL, gov. of Me., 1864-7, b. Augusta, Me., 27 Feb. 1811 ; d. there Sept. 5, 1870. B. U. 1829. Son of Gen. Samuel ; grandson of Dr. Daniel. He began the prac tice of law in 1832; member Me. legisl. 1835 and 1862; member council, 1839; judge of probate, 1840-7; State treas. 1850-5; mayor of Augusta, 1854. Cooke, ELISHA, father and son, eminent politicians of Ms. I. A physician, b. Bos ton, Sept. 16, 1637 ; d. Oct. 31, 1715. H.U. 1657. An assist, under the old govt., he was in 1689 the agent of Ms. in Eng. for the res toration of her charter. He opposed the ac ceptance of the new charter in 1691, and was in the exec, council from 1694 to 1703. He was for 40 years in places of public trust. II. An orator and politician, b. Boston, Dec. 20, 1678; d. Aug. 24, 1737. H.U. 1697. He was a representative to the Gen. Court, from 1713 to 1734 ; was a member of the council in 1717, and a -popular opponent of Gov. Shute. Rechosen in 1718, he was negatived by the gov., as also for the speaker s chair in 1720. Agent for Ms. in Eng. in 1723; member of the council soon after his return in May, 1726 ; in 1730, justice of C. C. P. Suffolk Co. He was long the leader of the popular party, and pub. some political tracts. Cooke, GEORGE FREDERICK, actor, b. Eng., 17 Apr. 1756; d. N.Y. City, 26 Sept. 1812. A printer s apprentice. His fondness for the stage led him early into that career ; he be came a star at the provincial theatres ; was 3 years in Dublin, and, in Oct. 1800, appeared at Covent Garden as Richard III., taking his place in the first rank of actors. He was also celebrated in Macbeth, lago, Shy lock, Sir Per- tinax Macsycophant, &c., and was the rival of John Kemble. Oct. 21, 1810, he app. as Rich ard at a N.Y. theatre. He attracted large au diences there, and in Phila., Bait., and other cities, but, by his capricious and contemptuous conduct,disgusted everybody, and finally, by his habitual intemperance and debauched habits, destroyed his constitution, and hastened his death. See Cooke s Life, by Wm. Dunlap, 1812, and his novel, " Thirty Years Ago," pub. 1836. Cook, HENRY F., brig.-gen. C. S. A., b Mpi.; killed at Bristow Station, Va., Oct. 14 1863. In the Mex. war he was 1st lieut. in Jeff. Davis s regt. ; was disting. and wounded at coo 215 coo Monterey; com. company C at Buena Vista; joined the Confed. army in 1861, and rose by successive steps to brig.-gen. in 1863. Cook, JAMES, an illustrious English navi gator, b. Marton in Yorkshire, Oct. 27, 1728; d. Feb. 14, 1779. Owing to the poverty of his parents, his education was limited. He en tered the merchant-service; in 1755, embarked in " The Eagle," man-of-war, obtained the notice of the capt., and was May 15, 1759, app. master of " The Murray," in which he joined the fleet engaged in the siege of Quebec. Em ployed to take the soundings of the. St. Law rence, between Orleans and the north shore, as well as to survey the most dangerous parts of the river below Quebec, those important ser vices he most successfully performed in the very face of the French encampment. Having as sisted at the recapture of Newfoundland, he, in 1762, returned to Eng. Early in 1763, he went out, with Capt. Greaves, to Newfound land, as surveyor of its coasts, and in the fol lowing year accomp. Sir Hugh Pallisser to Labrador and Newfoundland, as marine survey or. Lieut, in 1768, he was app. to the com. of " The Endeavor," in which he sailed to Otaheite, accomp. by Mr. Banks and Dr. So- lander to observe the transit of Venus in 1769. This object accomplished, Cook proceeded upon his voyage of discovery, and, after en countering many difficulties, " The Endeavor" arrived in Eng. on the llth of June, 1771; and, on the 29th of Aug., Cook was made a capt. in the navy. After another voyage, com menced the following year, in which many valuable discoveries were made, and which lasted 3 years, he was promoted to the rank of post-captain, Aug. 9, 1775. In 1776, he re ceived the Copleian gold medal from the Roy. Soc. His third and last exped. had for its ob ject to determine whether a maritime communi cation existed between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in the arctic regions of the globe. Unhappily, while touching at Owhyhee, Cook was murdered by the natives. A medal in commemoration of him was struck by order of the Roy. Society. Cooke, JAY, financier, b. Sandusky, O., Aug. 10, 1821. Francis Cooke, the emig. ances tor, came over in " The Mayflower." Eleuthe- ros,his father, a prominent lawyer, and M.C. of Ohio, d. Dec. 28, 1864. Jay went in 1838 to Phila., entered the banking-house of E. W. Clark & Co., in which he became at 21 a part ner; retired in 1858, and in 1861 established the firm of Jay Cooke & Co. By his energy and business-capacity, Mr. Cooke succeeded in popularizing the govt. loans, and thereby con tributed materially to the success of the Union arms. Now (1871), of the banking-firm of Cooke, McCulloch, & Co., London. Cook, JOHN, brig.-gen. vols., b. Belleville, 111., June 12, 1825. Left an orphan with a large fortune at an early age, he entered the coll. at Jacksonville, but was not a graduate, and in 1855 was mayor of Springfield. Made col. 1st 111. vols. April, 1861 ; and for gallantry at the capture of Fort Donelson, where he com. a brigade, was made brig.-gen. March 22, 1862. Cooke, JOHN ESTBN, novelist, son of J. R. Cooke, b. Winchester, Va., Nov. 3, 1830. Hia family removed to Richmond in 1839, where he commenced the practice of law in 1851. He served in the Confed. army, first as a pri vate of art., and afterward on the staff of Stewart and other generals, throughout the war. He wrote a Life of Stonewall Jackson, which appeared in New York, as the work of John M. Daniel. Since the war, he has writ ten much for the N.Y. World. Author of "Fairfax," and " Mohun," "Hilt to Hilt," " Hammer and Rapier," " Out of the Foarn," " Leather Stocking and Silk," " The Virginia Comedians," and " The Youth of Jefferson." In 1855, he pub. " Ellie, or the Human Come dy ; " in 1856, " The Last of the Foresters," and in 1858, " Henry St. John, Gentleman." He has written much for the Southern Literary Messenger, Harper s Magazine, and other peri odicals. He has also written poems, among them a tribute to Dr. E. K. Kane. Cooke, JOHN H., brig.-gen. in the War of 1812; d. Richmond, Va., June, 1866, a. 86. He was a successful farmer and vigorous agri cultural writer. Cooke, JOHN P., composer and musician, b. Chester, Eng., 1820; d. N.Y. City, 4 Nov. 1865. His father was a musician and actor. After leading the orchestra of the Adelphi, the Strand, and Astley s London, he came in 1850 to N.Y. as leader at Burton s Theatre. He composed and arranged the music for the Winter s Tale, Midsummer Night s Dream, and other Shaksperian plays ; also for the Sea of Ice, and furnished many other compositions of merit. Cooke, JOSEPH PLATT, delegate to the Old Congress, 1784-8, b. Ct., 1730 ; d. Danbu- ry, Ct., 1816. Y.C. 1750. Cooke, NICHOLAS, gov. of R.I., b. Provi dence, Feb. 3, 1717 ; d. Sept. 14, 1782. Dep. gov. from May to Oct. 1775; gov. of R.I. from Oct. 1775 until May, 1778. " He merited and won the approbation of his fellow-citizens, and was honored with the friendship and con fidence of Washington : " such is the inscrip tion upon his monument in Providence bury- ing-ground. Cooke, PARSONS, D.D., Cong, clergyman and writer, b. Hadley, Ms., Feb. 18, 1800 ; d. Lynn, Ms., Feb. 12, 1864. Wms. Coll. 1822. He studied theology. June 26, 1826, he was ord. pastor of a newly-organized church in Ware, Ms. ; removed to Portsmouth in 1836, and, a few months after, became pastor of the First Church at Lynn, remaining there until he died. In 1840, he edited the N. E. Puritan, and subsequently the Boston Recorder. An active controversialist, he pub. in 1829 a ser mon on " The Exclusiveness of Unitarian- ism," and was constantly in controversy with the new-school Calvinistic Congregationalists, or other religious denominations. Cooke, PHILLIP PENDLETON, poet, son of J. R. Cooke, b. Martinsburg, Va., Oct. 26, 1816; d. Jan. 20, 1850. N. J. Coll. 1834. Adm. to the bar in 1837. He pub. several poems in the Knickerbocker Magazine, contrib. to the Southern Lit. Messenger, and in 1847 pub. "Froissart Ballads, and Other Poems. At the time of his death, he was publishing coo 216 coo serially " The Chevalier Merlin," an historical prose paara. His best pieces are the short lyrics," Florence Vane," "To My Daughter tily," and " Rosa Lee." The first of them has been translated into many languages, and taken as a theme for music by celebrated com posers. Appleton s New Amer. Cyd. Cooke, PHILIP ST. GEORGE, brev. maj.- o-en. U.S.A., b. Berkeley Co., Va., 1809. West Point, 1S27. Adj. 6th Inf. at battle of the Bad Axe ; capt. May 31, 1835 ; lieut.-col. com. batt. of vols. in Mex. war, 1846-7, in Gal. ; maj 2(1 Drags., 16 Feb. 1847 ; brev. lieut.- col. for merit, services in Cal., 20 Feb. 1847 ; col. 2d Drags., 14 June, 1858; brig.-gen. 12 Nov. 1861; brev. maj. -gen. 13 Mar. 1865; com. and disting. in conflict with Apaches in New Mex., Apr. 8, 1854; defeated the Co- manches at Cineguilas, New Mex., in 1855; com. in Kansas during the troubles there in 1856-7, performing that delicate duty to the sat isfaction of all ; took part in the Utah exped. ; com. all the regular cavalry in the Potomac Army, particularly in the siege of Yorktown, and battles of Williamsburg, Gaines s Mill, and Glendale. Author of " Scenes and Adven tures in the Army," Phila., 1856. Cullum. Cook, RUSSELL S., Cong, clergyman, b. N. Marlboro , Ms., March 6, 1811 ; d/Pleasant Valley, N.Y., Sept. 4, 1864. He studied at the Auburn Theol. Sem., and was settled over the church at Lanesboro , Ms., in 1836-8. Losing his voice, he connected himself with the Tract Society, of which he was a sec. from 1839 to 1856. Devoting himself to the system of American colportage, he was instru mental in placing religious reading in almost every dwelling in the land, still further aiding he objects of the society by establishing the American Messenger in 1843. Visiting Em-ope in 1853 and in 1856, he succeeded in estab lishing the colporter enterprise in Scotland. Appleton s Ann. Cyclop., 1864. Cook, THOMAS, R.C. bishop of Three Rivers, Canada, from 1852; d. Montreal, 30 Apr. 1870, a. 78. Cook, W. H., M.D., b. N.Y. City, 1832. Prof, therap. in Phys. Med. Coll., O. Au thor of "Treatise on Dysentery," 1855; " Principles and Practice of Physio. Med. Surgery," Cincin., 8vo, 1857. Cookman, GEORGE G., Meth. preacher, b. Kingston-upon-Hull, Eng., 1800; lost at sea March, 1841, in the steamer "President." In 1821, he came to the U.S. on business, but obtained a license to preach ; went to Phila. in 1825, and, at the ensuing session of the Phila. conference, was adm. into the travelling con nection. In 1833, he was transferred to the Bait, conference, and was twice chaplain to Congress. His preaching was nervous and elegant, and attracted large crowds. A vol. of his speeches was pub. 18mo, by the Meth. B.C. Cooley, DR. ABIEL A., inventor of fric tion-matches ; d. Hartford, Ct.,Aug. 18,1858, a. 76. He was also the inventor of one of the *irst power-presses in use, as well as of an in genious shingle-machine, and was the first to apply the cam-movement to pumps. Cooley, JAMES EWING, b. Ms., 1802. Pub. " The American in Egypt," &c., in 1839- 40, 8vo, N.Y., 1842. Cooley, THOMAS M., jurist, b. Attica, N. Y., 6 Jan. 1824. Removed to Mich, in 1843; was adm. to the bar at Adrian in 1846, where he settled permanently in 1848. In 1857, he was app. to compile the statutes of Mich., which were pub. in 2 vols. Reporter of the Supreme Court, 1858-64, and pub. 8 vols. of reports ; Jay prof, of law in Mich. U. since 1850, and, since 1864, a justice of the Supreme Court. He has also pub. a " Digest of Mich. Re ports," 1866, and a " Treatise on Constitu tional Limitations of the Legis. Power of the States," 1868. Lanman. Coolidge, CARLOS, LL.D. (Mid. Coll. 1849), gov. of Vt, 1848-50, b. Windsor, Vt., 1792; d. there Aug. 15, 1866. Mid. Coll. 1811. He practised law in Windsor 52 years; was State atty. for the Co. in 1831-6 ; repre sentative, 1834-7 and 1839-42; speaker in 1836 and 1839-42 ; and senator, 1855-7. Coombe, THOMAS, D.D. (Dub. U. 1781), Pr.-Ep. divine and loyalist, b. Phila., 1747 ; d. London, 15 Aug. 1822. Phila. Coll. 1766. Ord. by the bishop of London in 1769. App. chaplain to the Marquis of Rockingham in 1771 ; app. assist, min. of Christ Church, Phila., in 1772, but was removed for his Toryism ; went to Eng. in 1779; became chaplain-in-or- dinary to the king in 1794 ; prebendary of Can terbury in 1800, and, in 1808, rector of St. Michael s Queenhithe. Many years minister of Curzon-st. Chapel, an impressive speaker, and a disting. scholar. He pub. sermons, and " The Peasant of Auburn," a poem, 1783. Gents Mag., 1822. Cooper, BENJAMIN, commo. U.S.N., b. N. J. ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., June 1, 1850, a. 57. He entered the service, Jan. 16, 1809, and served with distinction under Lawrence in " The Hornet," in the action with " The Pea cock," Feb. 24, 1813. Lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; master, Apr. 24, 1828 ; capt. 28 Feb. 1838. Cooper, GEORGE H., capt. U.S.N., b. N.Y., July 27, 1821. Midshipm. Aug. 14, 1837 ; lieut. May 8, 1851 ; com. July 16, 1862 ; capt. Dec. 2, 1867. He served in the Florida war in 1837, and in the Mexican war, 1846-7 ; present at Tabasco, Alvarado, and Tuspan ; com. supply-steamer "Massachusetts," 1862; steamer " Mercedita," S A.B. squad., 1863 ; was 7 weeks in com. of monitor "Sangarnon," inside of Charleston Roads, on picket-duty, constant ly shelling Fort Sumter and the batteries on Sullivan s Island ; stationed at Stono Inlet, S.C., co-operating with the army, and fre quently engaged; com. steamer "Sonoma," S.A.B. squad., 1863-4; steamer " Glaucus," E.G.B. squad., 1864-5 ; steamer " Winooskie," special service, 1866-7. Cooper, JAMES, brig.-gen. vols., b. Fred erick Co., Md., May 8, 1810 ; d. Columbus, O., Mar. 28, 1863. Wash. Cell., Pa., 1831. He studied law with Thaddeus Stevens; was adm. to the bar in 1834; was M.C. in 1839-43, and a leading advocate of the tariff of 1842 ; mem ber of the State legisl. in 1843-6 and 184 7 , when he was speaker, introducing and carryir g through, after a violent struggle, measures to relieve the credit of the State, then on the verge coo 217 coo of permanent repudiation ; travelled in Europe in 1847 ; was made atty.-gen. ki 1848, and U.S. senator from 1849 to 1855. In politics, he was a Whig. Authorized in 1861 to raise a brigade of loyal Marylanders, he was app. brig.-gen. May 11, 1861, and served in Va. un der Fremont. Cooper, JAMES B., commander U.S.N., b, Bucks Co., Pa., Mar. 6, 1753; d. Haddonfield, N.J., Feb. 5, 1854. He was a capt. in Lee s Legion in the Revol. War; was at Stony Point arid Paulas Hook, Guilfbrd Court House, and Eutaw Springs ; was a sailing-master in the navy in the War of 1812, and served through the war; lieut. Apr. 22, 1822; commander, Sept. 8, 1841. Cooper, JAMES FENIMORE, novelist, b. Burlington, N. J., 15 Sept. 1789; d. Coopers- town, N.Y., 14 Sept. 1851. Son of Judge Wm. Pie studied at Yale, but did not grad uate, and in 1811, after 6 years service in the navy, m. a Miss De Lancey, and settled at Mamaroneck, N.Y. His first work, " Precau tion," pub. anonymously in 1821, was followed by " The Spy," " The Pioneer," 1823, and "The Leather-stocking Tales," which gave him great popularity. This was increased by his sea- novels, " The Pilot," " Red Rover," " Water Witch," "Two Admirals," "Wing and Wing," &c., and by " The Bravo," " Heiden- maur," and " Headsman," pub. during a visit to Europe, in 1826-33. After his return, he pub. "Letter to his Countrymen," "Home ward Bound," and " Home as Found," which somewhat lessened his popularity. Besides oth er works of fiction, he wrote a " History of the U.S. Navy," 2 vols., 8vo ; " Battle of Lake Erie," 1843; " Lives of Amer. Naval Officers," 2 vols., 12mo; 6 vols. of " Gleanings in Eu rope," " Sketches of Switzerland," and a com edy performed at Burton s" Theatre, N.Y., in 1 850. The latter part of his life was imbittered by quarrels and lawsuits with the editorial fra ternity. His later productions were unworthy the high fame which Mr. Cooper justly de served and enjoyed. Cooper, MYLES, LL.D. (Oxf. U. 1768), scholar and clergyman, b. Eng., 1735; d. Edinburgh, May 1, 1785. Oxford U. 1760. Afterward a Fellow of Queen s Coll. In 1761, he pub. at Oxford, by subscription, a vol. of poems. In 1762, he came to Amer., on the nomination of Archbishop Seeker, as assist, of Dr. Samuel Johnson, pres. of Col. Coll., whom he succeeded in that office, May, 1763. In 1771, he visited Eng. ; and on his return to N Y., on the breaking-out of the Revol., Cooper was active on the Tory side, and is said to have had a hand in the tract, " A Friendly Address to all Reasonable Ameri cans," &c., which one of his pupils, young Alex. Hamilton, answered with signal ability. Be coming exceedingly obnoxious to the Whigs, in Apr. 1775 he and his friends received a sig nificant hint from a pub. letter, signed "Three Millions," to fly for their lives. On the night of May 10, after destroying the guns on the bat tery, the mob proceeded to expel him from the coll. He escaped on board an English ship of war, in which he sailed to Eng. A poem commemorating this event was pub. by him in the Gents Mag. for July, 1776. Dec. 13, 1776, he preached a sermon before the U. of Oxford, " On the Causes of the Present Rebel lion in Amer.," which gave rise to much con troversy between the Whig and Tory parties of the day. He was, until his decease, one of the ministers of the English Chapel in Edinburgh. He was a man of taste and learning; advocated, in an "Address to the Episcopalians of Va.," the app. of bishops for the Colonies. He pub. in 1774 "The Amer. Querist." Duyckinck. Cooper, PETER, a benevolent and enter prising manuf., b. N. Y. City, Feb. 12, 1791. His maternal grandfather, John Campbell, was mayor of N. Y., and dep. quarterm.-gen. dur ing the Revol. war. His father, also a Revol. officer, established a hat manuf., in which Peter assisted him. He afterward learned coach- making, the manuf. of cabinet-ware, then the grocery business, and finally engaged in the manuf. of glue and isinglass, about 1828. In 1830, he erected extensive iron-works at Can ton, near Baltimore. He next erected a roll ing and wire mill in the city of N. Y., in which he first successfully applied anthracite to the puddling of iron. In 1845, he removed the machinery to Trenton, N.J., where he erected the largest rolling-mill then in the U. S. for the manuf. of railroad-iron, and there first rolled wrought-iron beams for fire-proof build ings. At Baltimore, he built the first locomo tive-engine on this continent. Pres. of the N. Y., Newfoundland, and London Teleg. Co. ; pres. of the Amer. Teleg. Co., and of the N. A. Teleg. Assoc. He has served in both branches of the N. Y. common council, and was a prom inent advocate of the construction of the Cro- ton aqueduct. In pursuance of his great object, the education and elevation of the industrial classes, the " Union for the Advancement of Science and Art," commonly called the Cooper Institute, has been established in N. Y., at the intersection of 3d and 4th Avenues, at a cost of over $500,000, devoted, with all its rents and profits, to the instruction and elevation of the working-classes of N. Y. It includes a school of design for females, evening courses of in struction for mechanics and apprentices in the application of the sciences to the business of life, a free reading-room, galleries of art, and collections of modern inventions, and a poly technic school. Cooper, SAMUEL, D.D. (U. of Edinburgh, 1767), an eminent divine and patriot, b. Bos ton, Mar. 28, 1725; d. Dec. 29, 1783. H. IT. 1743. Son of the Rev. William. At the age of 20, he commenced preaching in the Brattle- st. Church, where he was ord. colleague with Dr. Colman, May 21, 1746, continuing his min istry until his death. He took an early and decided part in the politics of his time. In 1754, he wrote the "Crisis," in opposition to the "Excise Act" then in contemplation. From the time of the Stamp Act, some of the best political pieces in the Boston Gazette were from his pen. The letters of Gov. Hutchinson were sent him by Dr. Franklin, with an injunction not to allow their publication. He placed them in the hands of a friend, whose disregard of the prohibition, though a breach of private con fidence involving serious consequences, was % coo 218 coo great public benefit. Dr. Cooper was a mem ber of several religious and literary societies, and was the first vice-pres. of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. He was remarkable in prayer, in the taste and elegance of his ser mons, and as a critic, and was the esteemed corresp. of many disting. Europeans. Cooper, GEN. SAMUEL, jun., b. N. Y., ab. 1796. West Point, 1815. Aide-de-camp to Gen. Macomb from May, 1828, to 1836; capt. 11 June, 1836 ; assist, adj. -gen. July 7, 1838; chief of staff to Col. Worth in Florida war, 1841-2, and in action of Pilaklikaha, 19 Apr. 1842; brev. col. "for meritorious conduct in the war with Mexico," May 30, 1848 ; adj.-gen. of the army, July 15, 1852 ; resigned March 7, 1861, and app. adj.-gen. in the rebel army, standing first in its list of generals. Bro.-in- law of J. M. Mason of Va., formerly U. S. senator. Author of "Concise System of In struction for the Militia and Vols. of U. S.," Phila., 1836; d. Alexandria, Va. Dec. 3, 1876. Cooper, SUSAN FENIMORE, b. 1815, eld est dau. of the novelist, and author of " Rural Hours," 1850 ; " Rhyme and Reason of Coun try Life," 1854; an annotated edition of an English work, the " Journal of a Naturalist," 1852 ; and, in 1858, a beautiful little tribute to the character of Washington, given in aid of the fund for the purchase of Mt. Vernon. She has also contrib. to various popular periodi cals. Cooper, THOMAS, M.D., LL.D., natural philosopher, politician, and author, b. London, Oct. 22, 1759; d. Columbia, S.C., May 11, 1 839. Educated at Oxford, he afterward stud ied law and medicine ; was adm. to the bar, and travelled a circuit for a few years, and, with Watt the inventor, was sent by the Democ. clubs of Eng. to those of France, where he sided with the Girondists. Called to account for this by Mr. Burke in the house of com mons, Cooper replied with a violent pamphlet. While in France, he had learned to make chlo rine from common salt; and he became a bleacher and calico-printer in Manchester, but was unsuccessful. In 1795, he established him self as a lawyer in Pa., whither his friend Priest ley had also emigrated. Uniting himself with the Democrats, he violently attacked Pres. Ad ams in a newspaper in 1799; was tried for libel, and sentenced to 6 months imprisonment and a fine of $400. He became a land com missioner in 1806, and overcame the difficulties with the Ct. claimants in Luzerne Co., but, being made j udge, became obnoxious to mem bers of his own party, and was removed in 1811, on a charge of arbitrary conduct. He was an efficient supporter of the administrations of Jef ferson, Madison, and Monroe. He successively occupied the chair of chemistry in Dick. Coll., in the U. of Pa., and in Col. Coll., S. C., be coming pres. of the latter in 1820, discharging also the duties of prof, of chemistry and politi cal economy. On his retirement in 1834, he was app. to revise the State statutes, 4 vols. of which he had completed when he died. He possessed great versatility and extensive knowl edge, displaying, as a lecturer, great erudition, and was an admirable talker. In philosophy, be was a materialist, and in religion a free thinker. In the nullification contest he was an ultra State-rights man. He pub. " Informa tion Concerning America," Lond., 1794; a collection of political essays, reprinted from a Phila. newspaper in 1800; a translation of the "Institutes of Justinian," 1812; a work on " Med. Jurisprudence," 1819 ; 2 of the 5 vols. of " Emporium of Arts and Sciences," Phila., 1812-14 ; " Lectures on the Elements of Polit. Economy," Charleston, 1826 ; " Letters on the Slave Trade," 1787 ; " Tracts, Ethical, Theo logical, and Political," 1790 ; " The Bankrupt Law of America compared with that of Eng.," Phila., 8vo, 1801; "Account of the Trial of Thomas Cooper of Northumberland," 1800 ; "Introd. Lecture at Carlisle Coll.," 1812; " Observations on the Writings of Priestley ; " two Essays, " Foundation of Civil Govt.," and "On the Constitution of the U. S.," 1826; and many vigorous polit. pamphlets. Cooper, THOMAS APTHORPE, actor, b. Lond., 1776; d. Bristol, Pa., Apr. 21, 1849. He received a good education ; became the ward of Holcroft and Wm. Godwin on the death of his father, and at 17 made his debut upon the stage in Stephen Kemble s company at Edin burgh. In 1795, he appeared with success at Covent Garden, as Hamlet and Macbeth, and Dec. 9, 1796, made his detmt in Phila., with Wignell s company, as Hamlet. Ho soon ob tained a considerable reputation as a tragedian, and in 1802 returned to Eng., where, for nearly 3 years, he was one of the chief actors on the London boards. Returning to the U.S. in Nov. 1804, he soon after became a lessee of the N.Y. theatre. In 1810, he again visited Eng. He continued on the stage until late in life. App. military storekeeper at Frankford, Pa., in 1841, by Pres. Tyler, whose son m. Cooper s dau. He was some years insp. to the N.Y. and Phila. custom-houses. He was 6 feet in height, and possessed a remarkably fine per son. Cooper, WILLIAM, clergyman, b. Boston, 1694; d. there Dec. 13, 1743. H.U. 1712. Ord. 23 May, 1716, colleague pastor with Mr. Colman of Brattle Street, Boston, where he preached till his death. In 1737, he was chosen pres. of H.U., but declined the trust. He excelled in prayer, and was an eminent preacher, having a pleasing voice and an im pressive elocution. Author of " Predestination Explained and Vindicated," 1740, repub. in 1804, and a number of sermons. WILLIAM his son, 49 years town-clerk of Boston, and an eminent patriot of the Revol., d. Boston, Nov. 28, 1809, a. 89. Coote, SIR EYRE, a British gen. ; d. Dec. 10, 1823, a. 66. Nephew of the celebrated Sir Eyre Coote. Ensign 37th regt. Apr. 15, 1774 ; lieut. July, 1776; capt. Aug. 10, 1778; maj. 47th, Feb. 20, 1783; col. Jan. 21, 1796; maj. -gen. 1798; lieut.-gen. 1805; gen. June, 1814. He served at the battle of Brooklyn, L.I., at the reduction of Fort Washington, and in the expeds. to R.I. and the Chesapeake, the battles of Brandy wine, Germantown, Monmouth, and the attack on Mud Island. He was present at the siege of Charleston, the campaign in Va., and was taken at Yorktown. He served under Gen. Grey in the W. Indies in -1 793-5; was CO:P 219 COR severely wounded in the Ostend exped. in 1798, and served under Abercrombie in Egypt. On his return to Eng., he received thanks of par liament, the order of the Bath, and afterward the Turkish order of the Crescent. Lieut.- gov. of Jamaica, 1805-8. Publicly disgraced, and deprived of all rank, in consequence of an abominable act committed in one of the chari table institutions of England. Pkilipart, &c. Cope, THOMAS PYM, merchant, b. Lan caster Co., Pa., Aug. 26, 1768; d. Phila., Nov. 22, 1854. Son of Caleb, a Quaker of Lancas ter, Pa., who protected Andre from a mob, while a prisoner in 1775. Said to be maternal ly descended from John Pym. He entered a counting-house in Phila. in 1786; began on his own account in 1790, importing his own goods; established in 1821 the first line of packets between Phila. and Liverpool, and ac quired great wealth. He was active in allevi ating the small-pox sufferers in 1797 ; was a a member of the city council ab. 1800 ; an effi cient member of the* committee for introducing water into the city ; served in the State legisl. in 1807, and in the State Const. Conv. ; was pres. of the Board of Trade and the Mercantile Library Co., and was an executor of Girard s will, and a trustee of the bank, and subse quently a director of the Girard Coll. He was also an efficient worker in completing the Ches apeake and Del. Canal, and in securing the construction of the Pa. Railroad. EDWARD D. COPE, naturalist, author of " The Origin of Genera," " Extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of N.A.," " Our Own Birds of the U.S., &c., is a grandson ofThos. P., and son of Alfred. See Hunt s Amer. Merchants; Simpson. Copley, JOHN SINGLETON, painter, b. Boston, July 3, 1737 ; d. Lond., Sept. 9, 1813. Like West, he was self-taught ; and some of his pieces executed at Boston, and, to use his own words, " before he had seen any tolerable pic ture," were unsurpassed by his later productions. After acquiring considerable reputation, par ticularly by his portraits (among which are those of Samuel Adams, Thos. Hancock and lady, W. W. Boylston, Judge Tyng, Judge Foster, Mrs.D. Sargent, &c.), he, in 1774, pro ceeded by way of Eng. to Rome, where he arrived in Aug., and returned to Lond., with the intention of settling there, late in 1775, where he was joined by his wife and children, and devoted himself to port, painting. He was introduced by West to the Roy. Acad., of which he was adm. an associate in 1777. His historical paintings soon rendered his name famous, and procured for it, in 1783, the hon orable addition of R. A. His first and most popular composition was " The Death of the Earl of Chatham." He afterwards produced " The Death o/ Major Pierson," " The Siege of Gibraltar," " The Arrest of the Five Mem bers, by Charles the First," " De Winter s De feat by Admiral Duncan," and sketched, but left unfinished, a picture on the subject of Nel son s fall at Trafalgar, &c. He also painted many portraits, his last work being a portrait of his son, Lord Lyndhurst. He m. the dau. of Richard Clarke, one of the consignees of the tea destroyed in 1773. His dau. Elizab. m. Gardiner Greene of Boston, d. there 1 Feb. 1866, a. 95. Copley was peculiar both in man ner and dress. As an artist, his chief merit consists in his coloring and drawing. Coppe*e, HENRY, LL.D. (U. of Pa., and Un. Coll., 1866), author, b. Savannah, Ga., Oct. 15, 1821. West Point, 1845. He was at Y.C. in 1836-7. Was 3 years a student of civil engineering, and employed in the con struction of the Central Railroad from Savan nah to Macon, Ga. He served through the Mexican war, and was brev. capt. for the battles of Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847 ; resigned 30 June, 1855. From 1848 to 1855, he was instructor in French, and assist, prof, of ethics and English studies, at West Point. Prof, of belles-lettres in the U. of Pa., 1855- 66 ; since then president of Lehigh U., Bethle hem, Pa. Member of several scientific and historical societies. He has pub. " Elements of Logic," 1858; "Elements of Rhetoric," 1859; "Select Academic Speaker," 1861; "Field Manual of Evolutions of the Line," 1861 ; " Field Manual of Battalion Drill," 1861;" Field Manual of Courts-Martial," 1 863 ; " Grant and his Campaigns," 1866; a transla tion of Marmont s "Esprit des Institutions Militaires," 1862 ; he has edited the " Gallery of Famous Poets," " Songs of Praise," 1866 ; " Gallery of Famous Poetesses," 1859-60. In 1864-6, he edited the U.S. Service Magazine. Duyckinck. Ctopway, GEORGE (Kah-ge-ga-gah-bowk), an Ojibway chief. Has pub. " Acts of the Apos tles in Ojibway Lang.," 1838 ; " The Ojibway Conquest," 1850; "Life and Travels" (by himself), 6th ed., 1847 ; " History and Sketches of the Ojibway Nation," illustrated by Darley, 1851, and "Organization of a New Indian Terr.," &c., 1850. Coram, THOMAS, a philanthropic English mariner, b. ab. 1667 ; d. London, Mar. 29, 1751, a. 84. Having been master of a mer chant-vessel trading to the American Colonies, he is usually styled Capt. Coram. He set tled in Taunton, Ms., ab. 1692, and owned a farm on the river, now within the limits of Berkeley, where he constructed vessels, probably for the Newfoundland fishery. He is styled " shipwright of Boston," in Prov. Laws, act of Apr. 16, 1701 . He left in 1703, and gave his farm toward erecting an Episcopal church in Taunton. He was the projector of the Found ling Hospital, in promoting the establishment of which he seduously exerted himself during many years, till he had procured a royal char ter for the institution. He also promoted the settlement of Ga. and Nova Scotia; and, through his advice, a bounty was given on naval stores imported from the Colonies. After he relinquished his profession, his time was wholly emploved in contriving and executing various schemes of public utility. He seems to have neglected his private affairs ; and, towards the close of his life, a subscription was raised for his support. Drake s Baylies s Neiv Plym. Corbin, THOMAS G.,capt. U.S.N., b. Va., Aug. 13, 1820. Midshipm. May 15, 1838; lieut. June 10, 1852; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. Attached to steam frig ate " Wabash," S. Atl. block, squad., 1861-3 ; at the capture of Forts Beauregard and Walk- COR 220 COR ir, Port Royal, Nov. 7, 1861 ; com. of mid- shipm. at Naval Acad., 1863; steamer "Au gusta," 1864-5 ; fleet-capt. W.I. squad., 1865- 6 ; steam sloop " Guerriere," flag-ship S.A. squad., 1 868. Hamersly. Corcoran, MICHAEL, brig.-gen. vols., b. Carrowkill Co., Sligo, Ireland, Sept. 21, 1827 ; d. Dec. 22, 1863, near Fairfax C.H., Va. He came to America in 1849, obtained a clerkship in the N.Y. City post-office, and first came into public notice as col. of the 69th N.Y. militia. On the call for troops, April, 1861, he took the field with his com., and disting. himself highly at the first battle of Bull run, where he was wounded, and taken prisoner. He was confined successively at Richmond, Charleston, Colum bia, Salisbury, N.C., and other places, and was one of the officers selected for execution, had the Federal authorities carried out their threats of punishing the crews of captured Confederate privateers as pirates. Exchanged Aug. 15, 1862, he was made brig.-gen., dating from July 21,1861. He afterward recruited an "Irish Legion," and served in N.C., at the battles of the Nausemond River and Suffolk, in April, 1862, and checked the advance of the enemy upon Norfolk. He died of injuries received by a fall from his horse. Cordova, FRANCISCO FERNANDEZ DE, discoverer of Mexico; d. 1518. Feb. 8, 1517, this navigator sailed from Cuba with Juan Ala- minas, a pilot who had accomp. Columbus in his fourth voyage, steered for the continent, and in March ranged the coast of Yucatan, where he lost many men in his various encounters with the natives. It appears certain that Cor dova left two of his companions in this region ; for in 1518, when Grijaloa explored the coun try, he was informed that one of them survived, but was unable to procure his release. After exploring the coast, and remarking the grand monumental structures of Yucatan, he was forced by a tempest to abandon its shores. He visited Fla. 5 years after the exped. of Ponce De Leon, and, on returning to Cuba, d. ten days after his arrival, of wounds received from the natives. Cordova, JOSE M., a Colombian gen., b. Antoquia, New Granada, 1747 ; killed at San- tuario, Oct. 17, 1829. The son of a rich mer chant of the Spanish party, Cordova, on the contrary, when 15 years of age, joined the In dependents. His conduct at the battle of Boyaca, Aug. 8, 1819, gained for him, from Bolivar the victor, the rank of col. ; and he was charged with the expulsion of the royalists from Antoquia. This duty he successfully per formed ; and his first care was to levy on his father the sum of 10,000 piastres. His exactions occasioned his recall, and he disting. himself anew in many combats on the banks of the Magdalina. By a skilful manoeuvre he captured a Spanish fleet of 27 vessels at anchor in the port of Teneriffe, and, after a bloody battle, took possession of the town. Named general, Cordova was in the Colombian division left by Bolivar in Peru. Dec. 9, 1824, Cordova took the greatest share in the victory of Ayacucho, and he was named gen. of division on the field of battle. Covering his ambition with the pre text of establishing a federal govt., Cordova conspired many times against Bolivar, and openly revolted in Aug. 1829, but found few partisans. Hunted at Santuario, Oct. 17, by the united forces of Andradu, Ureta, and O Leary, he defended himself with vigor, but fell at length, covered with wounds. Coreal (ko-ra-al ), FRANCISCO, a Spanish traveller, b. Cartagena, 1648; was in the W. Indies in 1666-97, and left an interesting nar rative, which was pub. in French in 3 vols., 1722. Corlet, ELIJAH, an early teacher of Cam bridge, Ms., b. Lond., 1611 ; d. Feb. 24, 1687. Oxford U. 1627. He taught the grammar school at C. 46 years. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel compensated him for preparing Indian scholars for the university. N. Walter pub. an elegy on his death, in blank verse. Cornbury, EDWARD HYDE, lord, gov. of N.Y. ; d. Lond., Apr. 1, 1723. Son of the 2d Earl of Clarendon, and one of the first of the household troops to go over to the Prince of Orange. In return, he was made gov. of N.Y., where he arrived, May 3, 1702. He was ra pacious and bigoted to such a degree as to have left the memory of the worst gov. ever app. to the Colony. He imprisoned two ministers sent out from Lond., for preaching without license. It was not unusual for him to dress in women s costume, and then patrol the fort in which he resided. He earned the contempt, as well as the hatred, of the colonists. He was removed from office in 1708, when his creditors had him taken into custody, but, after the death of his father, returned to Eug., and succeeded to the earldom. Cprnelius, ELIAS, D.D., educator and missionary, b. Somers, N.Y. 1794; d. Hart ford, Ct., Feb. 12, 1832. Y.C. 1813. His father, surgeon s mate of Col. Angell s regt., and at one time an inmate of the " Jersey " prison- ship, d. Somers, N.Y., June 13, 1823, a. 65. He studied theology, and in 1816 became an agent of the A. B. C. F. M., and visited the Cherokee and Chickasaw Indians. The winter of 1818 was spent at N. Orleans in the employ of the Missionary Society of Ct. Installed colleague with Dr. Worcester at Salem in July, 1819, he was dismissed in Sept. 1826, having been app. sec. of the Amer. Education Society. In Oct. 1831, he was chosen sec. of the A. B. C. F. M. Contrib. to the Quarterly Journal, and pub. annual reports of the Educa tion Society. See Memoir, by B. B. Edwards, 1833. Cornell, GEN. EZEKIEL, Revol. officer of Scituate, R.I. App. in 1775 lieut.-col. of Hitch cock s regt. ; present at the siege of Boston ; dep. adj. -gen. Oct. 1, 1776, and subsequently brig.-gen. and com. of the brigade of State troops ; in service 3 years and 3 mos. ; disb. Mar. 16, 1780. This force was of great service in protecting the State during the British oc cupation. Member of the Cpnt. Congress, 1780-3, and chairman of the military commit tee. He was a mechanic before the war, but was self-educated, and established a valuable library in his native town. Cornell, WM. MASON, M.D., D.D. (Jeff. Coll. 1864), LL.D. (West. U. 1863), b. Berke COR 221 COR ley, Ms., 16 Oct. 1802. B.U. 1827. Ord. 19 Jan. 1830; pastor 1st Cong. Church, Wood stock, Ct., 1832-4, and of the Trinit. Church, Quincy, 1834-9. He then studied medicine, and since 1845 has pract. chiefly in Boston. Author of some med. treatises, and contrib. to many med. and religious periodicals. Editor of the Journal of Health, 1846-9. He now edits Pastor and People, and Guardian of Health, and is preparing a medical dictionary. With a feeble constitution, Dr. C. has performed a large amount of literary labor. Corning, ERASTUS, merchant, and M.C. 1857-9, 1861-3, and 1865-7; b. Norwich, Ct., Dec. 14, 1794; d. Albany, Apr. 9, 1872. At 13 he entered the hardware store of his uncle, Benj. Smith of Troy, N.Y., the bulk of whose prop erty he subseq. inherited. In 1814, he removed to Albany, where he established the well-known house of Erastus Corning & Co. Alderman of the city, and 3 years mayor. He was also, for several years, an influential railroad, bank, and Canal Co. pres. ; for several terms, a mem ber of the State legisl. In 1863, he retired from the iron-business with a fortune of 5 millions. Member of the peace congress, Mar. 1861 ; delegate to the State Const. Conv. 1867. Cornplanter ( Garyan-wah-gah ), a celebrat ed Seneca chief, b. Conewaugus on the Gene- see River ; d. at the Seneca Reservation, Pa., Feb. 1 7, 1 836, a. ab. 1 00. He was a half-breed, the son of John O Bail, an Indian trader. He is first noticed as the leader of a war-party of Senecas, in alliance with the French against the English ; was present at Braddock s de feat, and, at the period of the Revol., was one of those who spread destruction over the fron tier settlements in N.Y. and the Valley of Wy oming. During the war, he was the most in veterate foe of America, for which he ever after manifested sincere friendship. He, with his as sociate, Red Jacket, was for many years the counsellor and protector of the interests of his people. He made great efforts to stop intem perance in his nation, and was the first and most eloquent temperance-lecturer in America. In his later years, he cultivated a farm on the Alleghany River. Cornwallis, CHARLES, Earl and Mar quis, a British gen., b. 31 Dec. 1738; d. Gha- zepore, India, 5 Oct. 1805. Eldest son of the first earl, before whose d., in 1762, he was styled Lord Broome. Educated at Eton and Cam bridge, he was a capt. in the army at the age of 20 ; was aide-de-camp to Lord Granby in the German campaign of 1761, and, though an aide-de-camp and favorite of the king, opposed in the house of lords the measures which caused the Amer. war. Notwithstanding this, he accepted a com., and, as maj.-gen., took part in the exped. under Sir Peter Parker, which attacked Charleston in June, 1776, and which failed in consequence of the gallant defence of Fort Moultrie. In Aug., he com. the reserve of Howe s army, which drove the Americans from L.I., and through the Jerseys, but was outgeneralled by Washington at Trenton. He displayed great gallantry at the battle of Bran dy wine, and com. the detachment which took possession of Phila., 24 Sept. 1777 ; shortly after which he returned to Eng., and on his examination before the house of commons, respecting the conduct of Gen. Howe, testified strongly in his favor. He was present at the capture of Charleston in May, 1780 ; was made com. of the dist. of S.C. ; defeated Gen. Gates at Camden, 16 Aug. 1780 ; gained an unimpor tant advantage over Gen. Greene at Guilford, 15 Mar. 1781 ; and having invaded Va., and oc cupied Yorktown, his embarkation thence was prevented by the fleet of DeGrasse, and he was compelled to surrender his army of about 8,000 men to the combined forces of Washington and Rochambeau, 19 Oct. 1781, virtually end ing the war. He was the ablest and most en ergetic of the British gens, employed in the Revol. war. He endeavored to place the blame of his capture on Sir H. Clinton, who repelled the charge; and Cornwallis pub. an " Answer" to Clinton s strictures upon his conduct. App. in 1786 gov. gen. and com. -in-chief in India. In the war with Tippoo Saib, he took Bunga- lore in 1791 ; was victorious at Seringapatam in 1792, and compelled as the price of peace the cession of half his domains. Returning to Eng. in 1793, he was made a marquis, and master-gen, of the ordnance. Lord-lieut. of Ire land in 1798, he pacified the rebels by a mod erate policy, negotiated the treaty of Amiens in 1802, and in 1805 was again app. gov. -gen. of India. Napoleon said of him, " He had tal ent, great probity, sincerity, and never broke his word. He was the first to impress upon me a favorable opinion of Englishmen." Without brilliant talents, his enterprise, perse verance, alacrity, and caution made him a suc cessful general. CoronadO (ko-ro-nah -do), FRANCESCO VASQUEZ DE, an early explorer of N. Mexico ; d. 1542. The exped. of Marco deNiza, in 1539, strengthened the belief in the existence of treas ure among the Indian tribes north of Fla. ; and a second exped. was fitted out under Coronado, which left Culiacan on the Pacific coast, in April, 1540. Passing through what is now Sonora, and crossing the Gila, he reached the little Colorado, and visited the famed cities of Cibola, but found the reports of their wealth untrue. He found there " very excellent good stone houses 3, 4, or 5 stories high, wherein are good lodgings and fair chambers, with lad ders instead of stairs." Drawings of these cities and houses were sent to Spain with hi= report. The people all wore mantles of cotton ; and cotton yarn was found in their houses. They reached the eity of Quivera, the ruins of which are ab. 170 miles N.E. of El Paso. On his way back, in March, 1542, Coronado fell from his horse at Tiguex, near the Rio Grande, " and," says the narrative, " with the fall fell out his wits, and he became mad." The nar rative of this exped. furnishes the first authen tic account of the buffalo and the great prairies and plains of N. Mexico. Correa da Serra, ABBE JOSEPH FRAN CIS, LL.D. (H. U. 1823), Portuguese botanist, and minister-plenipo. to the U. S., 1816-21, b. Serpa, 1750 ; d. Caldas, 11 Sept. 1823. Chosen perpetual sec. of the Acad. of Sciences of Lis bon ab. 1780. He studied at Rome and Na ples, and, after residing 11 years at Paris, came in 1813 to the U. S. to prosecute researches in COR 222 COR natural history. Ab. 1814, he supplied the place of Mr. Barton as prof, of botany in Phila. He pub. several botanical papers, one, on the soil of Ky., in Am. Phllos. Trans, i., new series. Corse, JOHN M., brig.-gen. vols. (11 Aug. 1863.) Col. 6th la. vols., disting. at Chicka- raauga. In Oct. 1864, he defended Alatoona with success against a superior force of Con federates, and com. a division of Sherman s army in its march through Ga. and the Carolinas. Corse, MONTGOMERY D., brig.-gen. C.S. A., b. Alex., D.C., 14 Mar. 1816. Capt. in Mex. war. Engaged in banking at Alex, when the war broke out. Maj. and afterwards col. 17th Va. regt. ; brig.-gen. 1 Nov. 1862. Wounded at second Bull Run, Boonsboro , and Antie- tam ; afterward com. a brigade in Pickett s div. in the exped. against Knoxville, and captured at Sailor s Creek, Va., in Apr. 1865. Con fined some months at Fort Warren. Cortereal, GASPARD, a Portuguese navi gator, b. Lisbon; d. 1501. In the year 1500, this intrepid navigator, by appointment of the King of Portugal, left the mouth of the Tagus with 2 ships, well equipped, and at his own cost, and proceeded as far as the regions since known by the name of Canada. He reached 60 north, and imposed upon many places purely Portu guese names, such as Labrador. Sebastian Ca bot had visited these coasts in 1497, but he did not land upon them. After his return from this voyage, he again left Lisbon for the arctic re gions, May 15, 1501, but never returned ; and an exped. sent by King Emanuel in 1503 found no traces of him. In this last voyage, he seized and carried off 57 natives, most of whom were lost in his ship. The other ship reached Lis bon in Oct. 1501. His father, JOHN VAZ COSTA CORTEREAL, a gentleman of the house hold of Alphonso V. of Portugal, is said to have discovered Newfoundland ab. 1463. Cortes (kor t&z), HERNANDO, conqueror of Mexico, b. Medellin, Estremadura, 1485 ; d. near Seville, Dec. 2, 1547. He left the U. of Salamanca in 1501, and was bred to the legal profession, which he quitted for military life. In 1504, he went to the W. Indies; was re ceived with favor by the gov. of Hispaniola ; was employed under Diego Velasquez in paci fying a revolt, and received from his country man Ovando a ripartimiento of Indians, and a notarial office in Azuna. He held successively several appointments, and in 1511 accomp. Ve lasquez to subdue and colonize Cuba. He af terwards held the office of alcalde of Santiago in the new colony. He received from Velas quez, gov. of Cuba, the com. of a fleet sent on a voyage of discovery. Nov. 18, 1518, with 10 small vessels and 600 Spaniards, he left San tiago, and arrived in the Gulf of Mexico, where he burnt his ships, that his soldiers might have no other resource than their own valor. He first landed on the shores of Mexico, in the province of Tabasco, Mar. 4, 1519. The na tives were greatly terrified by the movable for tresses in which they came, the iron which cov ered them, the horses on which they were mounted, and the noise of the cannon. Having conquered the Tlascalans, and induced them to become his allies, Cortes entered the city of Mexico, Nov. 8, 1519, and was received by Montezuma, the sovereign of the country, as hia master, and was regarded by the natives as a god, and a child of the sun. By allying him self to those caciques who were inimical to Montezuma, employing force or stratagem with others, he obtained possession of a great por tion of the country. A chieftain, acting under secret orders from Montezuma, having attacked the Spaniards, Cortes repaired to the imperial palace, had the com. and his officers burnt alive, and forced the emperor, while in chains, publicly to acknowledge the sovereignty of Charles V. To this homage he added a pres ent of a large quantity of pure gold and a num ber of precious stones. Meantime, the jealousy of Velasquez was so aroused by the deeds of his representative, that he sent an army against him under Narvaez. Re-enforced by fresh troops from Spain, Cortes advanced to meet them, was victorious, and, uniting the vanquished troops with his own, again made war with the Mexicans, who had revolted against Monte zuma, whom they accused of treachery. Mon tezuma having, in the attempt to restore tran quillity, fallen a victim to the rage of the mul titude, his nephew and son-in-law, Guatimozin, succeeded him, and successfully resisted the Spaniards for three months, but could not with stand their artillery. Cortes again entered Mexico; and Guatimozin, with many of his nobles, was executed in 1521, after he had un dergone horrid tortures to compel him to dis close the place where his treasure was con cealed. Commissioners having been sent to inspect and control his measures by the court of Madrid, which had become jealous of the power of Cortes, who had some time before been app. capt.-gen. and gov. of Mexico, his property was seized, his dependents were imprisoned ; and in 1528 he returned to Spain. His recep tion was flattering, and he returned to Mexico in 1530, with an increase of titles, but a dimi nution of power. The civil administration was in charge of a viceroy ; and Cortes, with the military command, had the privilege of pros ecuting his discoveries. Dissension ensued ; and though* in 1536, he discovered the Peninsula of California, many of his plans were frustrated, and his life imbittered ; and on his final re turn to Spain, in 1540, he was received coldly, and neglected. Once, having forced his way through a crowd round the carriage of the king, Charles coldly inquired who he was. " I am a man," replied Cortes, " who has gained you more provinces than your father left you towns." His " Letters and Despatches," transl. by George Folsom, were pub. 8vo., N. Y., 1843. Corwin, THOMAS, statesman, b. Bourbon Co., Ky., July 29, 1794; d. Washington, D.C., Dec. 18, 1865. His father, Matthias, many years a member of the O. legisl., removed with his family to 0. in 1798, and settled near Leb anon, Warren Co. Thomas was reared on a farm, had few opportunities for education, early exhibited a talent for oratory, was in May, 1 81 8, adm. to the bar, and at once took high rank. His eloquence was unrivalled. Member of the State legisl. in 1822-9 ; M. C. 1831-40. Dur ing the administrations of Jackson and Van Buren he uniformly sided with the Whigs. In 1836 and 1840, he supported Gen. Harrison. COS 223 COTJ Whig candidate for gov. of Ohio in 1840, he made speeches in almost every county of the State, and contributed more than any other person to swell Harrison s majority. Gov. 1841-2; U. S. senator 1845-50. His speech on the Mexican war is one of his ablest efforts. Sec. U. S. treas. July, 1850-Mar. 1853 ; M. C. 1859-61; app. minister to Mexico in 1861, but came home on the arrival of Maximillian. Ses Life and Speeches, ed. by Isaac Strohrn, 1859. Cosby, WILLIAM, gov. of N. Y. from 1731 till his d., Mar. 10,1736. He had been previously gov. of Minorca and of the Leeward Islands, and a col. in the army. His administration was turbulent and unpopular. He app. De- lancy, a man of intrigue, his successor ; held in contempt the elective franchise ; and continued the same assembly 6 years, without permitting its dissolution. Costa da, CLADDIO MANGEL, a Brazilian poet, b. 1729 ; d. 1789. Educated at Coimbra, he returned to Brazil, and wrote " Villarica," and other poems of merit. Cottineau, DENIS NICHOLAS, capt. in the Revol. navy of the U. S., b. Nantes, France ; d. Savannah, Ga., Nov. 29, 1808, a. 62. For merly a lieut. in the French navy, and a knight of the order of St. Louis ; com. " The Pallas " in the battle of Paul Jones with the British squadron under Sir R. Pearson. Cotton, JOHN, one of the first ministers of Boston, b. Derby, Eng., Dec. 4, 1585 ; d. Bos ton, Dec. 23, 1652. He entered Trin. Coll. at 13 ; afterward removed to Emanuel Coll., and became a lecturer and tutor there. Ab. 1612, he became vicar of St. Botolph s Church, Bos ton, Lincolnshire, where for more than 20 years he was a noted preacher and controversialist, inclining toward the Puritan worship. Cited to appear before Archbishop Laud for not kneeling at the sacrament, he fled to London, and thence to America, landing in Boston, Sept. 4, 1633. Oct. 17, he was ord. colleague with Mr. Wilson, and teacher of the Boston Church. For 19 years, he was so influential as to have been called the patriarch of New England. In 1642, he was invited, together with Hooker and Davenport, to assist the assembly of divines at Westminster, and was in favor of accepting the invitation, but was dissuaded by Hooker, who was himself forming a system of church govt. for New England. His death was brought on by exposure in crossing the ferry to Cam- brige, where he was going to preach. He was a man of learning, a critic in Greek, wrote Latin with elegance, and could discourse in He brew. Simple and plain in his discourses, he was exceedingly effective in exciting attention to religion. His publications were numerous, mostly sermons and controversial works, the most important being his controversy with Roger Williams, and his "Power of the Keys," on the nature of church government. He de fended, against Roger Williams, the interfer ence of the civil power in religious affairs for the support of truth. A monumental tablet, with a Latin inscription by Edward Everett, was erected in St. Botolph s Church, Boston, Eng., in 1857, in his honor, chiefly by contri butions from his descendants in Boston. A memoir, by John Norton, with nc tes by Prof. Enoch Pond, was pub. Boston, 18c4. His son SEABORN (H. C. 1651) was minister of Hamp ton, N.H., 1660-86. Cotton, JOHN, b. Boston, Mar. 13, 1640; d. Charleston, S.C., Sept. 18, 1699. Minister of Plymouth, Ms., from June 30, 1669, to Oct. 5, 1697 ; of Martha s Vineyard from 1664 to 1667; and of Charleston, S. C., in 1698-9. H. U. 1657. Son of the preceding. Eminent for his knowledge of the Indian language. He rendered great assistance to Thos. Mayhew at Martha s Vineyard; frequently preached to the aborigines while at Plymouth ; and revised and corrected Eliot s Indian Bible, printed at Cam bridge in 1685. His sons, John, Roland, and Theophilus, were ministers. Cotton, JOSIAH, judge, and preacher to the Indians, b. Plymouth, Jan. 8, 1680; d. Aug. 19, 1756. H. U. 1698. Grandson of Rev. John Cotton. He studied theology, taught school in Marblehead and Plymouth, and, though not ord. over any church, preached occasionally for several years. He also gave his attention to agriculture, having a good farm in the north part of Plymouth. Having acquired consider able knowledge of the Indian language, he vis ited various tribes in Plymouth Colony as a mis sionary during nearly 40 years. He was also clerk of the County Court, register of probate, and j ustice of the peace. He prepared a vocabu lary of the language of the Ms. Indians, pub. in Ms. Hist. Colls., vol. ii., 3d series. Couch, DARIUS NASH, maj.-gen. vols., b. Putnam Co., N.Y., July 23, 1822. West Point, 1846. Entering the 4th Artillery, he served in the Mexican war ; was brev. for gal lantry at Buena Vista, Feb. 1847, and became 1st lieut. Dec. 1847. He was afterward in com. at Key West barracks ; aided in suppressing the last outbreak of the Seminoles, and in 1853 made a scientific tour in Mexico, pub. under the title of "Notes of Travel." In 1855, he re signed, and engaged in mercantile pursuits in N. Y. City, but in 1859 removed to Taunton, Ms. June 15, 1861, he became col. 7th Ms. regt., and in Aug. brig.-gen., dating from May 17. On the re-organization of the Potomac Ar my, he was assigned the com. of a division in the corps of Gen. Keyes, with which he greatly disting. himself at the battles of Fair Oaks, Williamsburg, and Malvern Hills. Promoted to maj.-gen. July 4, 1862, he took part in the battle of Antietam, in Franklin s corps, and was soon after put in com. of the 2d (late Sum- ner s) army corps. He took a prominent part in Burnside s operations at Fredericksburg, Hooker s at Chancellorsville ; com. dept. of the Susquehannah, June, 1863-Dec. 1864; com. 2d div. 23d corps in the defeat of Hood near Nash ville, and also in the operations in N.C. in Feb. 1865. Pres. of a Va. mining and manuf. co. since 1867. Cullum. Court de Gebelin (koor deh zhab -ian ), ANTOINE, a French author, b. Nismes, 1725 ; d. Paris, May 10, 1784. A preacher in early life, he established himself in Paris in 1763, and, be tween 1775 and 1784, pub. 9 vols. of his great work, " Le Monde Primitif." He sympathized deeply with the American struggle for inde pendence, and co-operated with Franklin and cou 224 cox others in the publication of a work advocating the American cause, entitled "Affaires de I An- gleterre et de I Amtfrique," 15 vols., 1776, et. seq. He was the author of a defence of animal mag netism, and of a variety of works, historical, philosophical, and political. Courtenay, EDWARD H., LL.D. (H. Sid. Coll. 1846), mathematician, b. Md., 1803; d. Charlotteville, Va.,21 Dec. 1853. West Point (1st in class), 1821. Teacher and prof, of math, and exper. philos. therefrom 1828 to 31 Dec. 1834 ; prof, of math. U. of Pa., 1834-6, and at U. of Va., 1842-53. Engr. in construct, of Ft. Independence, Boston Harbor, 1837-41 ; chief- engr. of dry dock, Brooklyn navy-yard, 1841-2. Author of "Elem. Treatise on Mechanics," from the French of Boucharlat, 1833; and " Treatise on Differential and Integral Calcu lus, and Calculus of Variations," 1855. A.M. U. of Pa., 1854. Covington, LEONARD, brig. -gen. U.S.A., b. Aquasco, Prince George Co., Md., Oct. 30, 1768; d. French Mills, Nov. 14,1813. Mar. 14, 1 792, he obtained from Washington the com. of lieut. of dragoons ; joined the army under Gen. Wayne ; disting. himself at Fort Recovery and the battle of Miami ; was honorably men tioned in Wayne s official report ; was promoted to the rank of capt. in July, 1794, and retired to the pursuits of agriculture. Many years a member of the legist, of Md.; was M.C. from 1805 to 1807 ; was app. in 1809 lieut.-col. of a regt. of cav. ; in Aug. 1813, he was app. brig.- gen., and ordered to the northern frontier. At the Battle of Chrystler s Fields, he received a mortal wound, and died 2 days after. He had the reputation of being one of the best officers in the service. Covode, JOHN, M.C. from Pa., 1855-63 and 1867-9, b. Westmoreland Co., Pa., 17 Mar. 1808; d. Harrisburg, 11 Jan. 1871. He was a farmer, and was extensively engaged in coal mining. Chairman of a special committee of 36th Congress to investigate certain charges against Pres. Buchanan ; and his " Report," pub. by Congress, attracted much attention at the time. Cowdery, DR. JONATHAN, senior surgeon U. S. N., b Sandisfield, Ms., Apr. 22, 1767 ; d. Norfolk, Va., Nov. 20, 1852. App. assist, surg., Jan. 1, 1800; surgeon, Nov. 27, 1804. He served in the frigate " Philadelphia," which was stranded on the coast of Tripoli, Oct. 31, 1803, and was a prisoner in the hands of the Turks nearly 2 years. In 1806, he pub. a journal of this captivity. Cowell, BENJAMIN, b. Wrentham, Ms., 1 781 ; d. Providence, R.I., May 6, 1860. B.U. 1803. He settled as a lawyer in Prov. ; was clerk of the federal courts, and for a time chief- justice C.C. P. He pub. in 1850 a vol. of Revol. history, entitled " The Spirit of 76." Cowell, JOSEPH, comedian, b. Kent, Eng., Aug. 7, 1792; d. Lond., Nov. 14, 1863. He made his d&ut, Jan. 23, 1812, at Daven port, Eng. First app. in the U.S. as Le Glair in " Foundling of the Forest " at the Park, N.Y., in Oct. 1821. Kate Bateman is a grand daughter. Author of "30 Years among the Players of Eng. and Amer.," 8vo, N.Y. 1844. Coxe, ARTHUR CLEVELAND, D.D., Prot.- Epis. bishop of Western N.Y. Son of Rev. S. H. Coxe, b. Mendham, N.J., May 10, 1818. U. of N.Y. 1838. He took orders in 1841; became rector of St. John s, Hartford, Ct., 1842, and was settled successively at Morris- ania, Hartford, and Baltimore, where he was rector of Grace Church in 1854-64, and Jan. 4, 1865, was consec. at Geneva bishop of West ern N.Y. He has written " Christian Bal lads," a vol. of religious poems, N.Y., 1840 ; " Saul, a Mystery, and Other Poems," 1845 ; a vol. of travels in England, 1856; a coll. of sermons, 1855 ; "Halloween and Other Poems," 1844; "Advent, a Mystery, a Dramatic Poem," 1837 ; " Athwold, a Romaunt," 1838 ; " Saint Jonathan, the Lay of a Scald," 1838 ; " Athanasion, and Other Poems," 1842; " Thoughts on the Services." He visited En<j. in 1851. While at Baltimore, he nobly main tained the cause of the Union, against great and bitter opposition, during the Rebellion. Cox, JACOB DOLSON, maj.-gen. vols., b. Montreal, Canada, Oct. 27, 1828. His mother was a lineal descendant of Elder William Brewster. His parents resided in N.Y. City, where the son studied law for some time, after ward spending 3 years at Oberlin Coll., O., and was adm. to the bar in 1852. He practised at Warren, 0., until elected State senator in 1859. In Apr. 1861, he was made brig.- gen. State militia, and placed in com. of a camp of instruction. Brig.-gen. of vols., May 15, 1861, he com. in the Kanawha Valley, and soon drove out Gen. Wise, and took Gauley Bridge. He remained in com. of this dept. except for a short time, when Gen. Rosecrans was over him, until Aug. 1862, when he was assigned to the Army of Va. under Gen. Pope. Oct. 6, 1862, he was ordered to the district of the Kanawha ; com. the 9th army corps after the death of Gen. Reno ; at South Mountain, Sept. 14, 1862, and, 3 days after, Antietam. Placed in com. of the district of Ohio, Apr. 16, 1863, and of a division of the 23d army corps, he served in the Atlanta campaign of 1864, and was in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, Tenn. Maj.-gen. for these disting. services from Dec. 7, 1864. In Mar. 1865, after fighting a battle at Kinston, N.C., he joined Sherman s army. Gov. of 0., 1866-8 ; sec. of the interior, 1869 to Nov. 1870. Cox, JAMES, b. Monmouth Co., N.J., 1753 ; d. there Sept. 12, 1810. Several years mem ber of the legisl. and speaker of the assembly ; com. a company of militia at Germantown and Monmouth, and was subsequently a brig.- gen. of militia; M.C. 1809-10. Coxe, JOHN REDMAN, M.D., b. Trenton, N.J., 1773 ; d. Phila., Mar. 22, 1864. He stud ied medicine under Dr. Rush, and at London, Paris, and Edinburgh. Settled in Phila. in 1796 ; was port-physician in 1798, during the yellow-fever visitation ; was for several years a physician of the Pa. hospital and of the Phila. dispensatory ; prof, of chemistry in the U. of Pa. in 1809-18, and prof, of materia medica from 1818 to 1835. He first introduced vac cination in Phila. Dr. Coxe never had a sick day, and d , aged 91, without any appreciable disease. He pub. " On Inflammation," 8vo, 1794; "Importance, &c., of Medicine," 8vo, cox 225 1800; "Vaccination," 8vo, 1800; "Combus tion, &c.," 8vo, 1811 ; " Amer. Dispensatory," 8vo, 1827 ; " Refut. of Harvey s Claim to the Discov. of the Circulation of the Blood," 8vo, 1834; "Female Biography;" " Kecog. of Friends in Another World," 1845, 12mo. Edited Phila. Med. Museum, 6 vols., 8vo, 1805, new series, 1811 ; " Emporium of Arts and Sciences," 5 vols., 8vo, 1812. Cox, LEMUEL, an eminent mechanic, b. Boston, Ms., 1736; d. Charlestown, Ms., Feb. 18, 1806. Near the close of 1775, he was in prison at Ipswich for his attachment to the cause of the crown. Mr. Felt, in his " Annals of Salem," supposes him to have been the per son who was the chief architect of Essex bridge in 1788, and who subsequently constructed bridges in Eng. and Ireland. " In 1796," says Mr. Felt, " he had a grant of 1,000 acres of land in Me., from our legisl., for being the first inventor of a machine to cut card-wire, the tirst projector of a powder-mill in Ms., the first suggester of employing prisoners on Castle Is land to make nails, and for various other dis coveries in mechanical arts." The celebrated bridge at Waterford, Ireland, was in 1793 built under his direction and superintendence. He also built bridges from Salem to Beverly, and over the Mystic River to Maiden. Sabine ; Bradford. Coxe, MARGARET, b. Burlington, N.J. Pub. " Claims of the Country on Amer. Fe males," 2 vols., 12mo, Columbus, 1842 ; "Bot any of the Scriptures ; " " Wonders of the Deep ; " " Young Ladies Companion and To ken," 12mo. Allibone. Cox, SAMUEL HANSON, D.D., LL.D., Presb. divine, b. Leesville, N.J., Aug. 25, 1793. Commenced the study of law in 1811, afterward studied theology, and was ord. by the N.J. Presbytery, July 1, 1817. From 1820 to 1833, he had charge of the Spring-st. Church, N. Y ; prof, of sacred rhetoric at Auburn, N.Y., from 1834 to May, 1837, and from that time until 1854, when obliged by the failure of his voice to give up his charge, pastor of the First Presb. Church in Brooklyn. Having sympathized with, and aided in founding the Antislavery Society, he was one of the sufferers by a mob, and had his house and church sacked, July 10, 1834. He successively advocated abolition, temperance, colonization, and New School Pres- byterianism, and the Evangelical Alliance, and ranks high as a writer and preacher. He has been frequently a delegate to the religious anni versaries in London. Author of " Quakerism not Christianity," " Interviews, Memorable and Useful, from the Diary of Memory," N.Y., 1853, and other publications. Father of Bishop A. C. Coxe. Cox, SAMUEL SULLIVAN (" Sunset" Cox), b. Zanesville, 0. Brown U.1846. He became a lawyer and an editor in O. ; was sec. of le gation to Peru in 1855; M.C. 1857-65 and 1869-71, and is an occasional lecturer. Au thor of" The Buckeye Abroad," N.Y., 1852 ; " Eight Years in Congress," 1865, and " Search for Winter Sunbeams." Coxe, TENCH, writer on political economy, b. Phila., May 22, 1755 ; d. there July 17, 1824. His great-grandfather, Dr. Daniel Coxe of 15 Lond., was the proprietor of West New Jerse} and of Carolina, between the 31st and 36tb parallels of N. latitude. He had been physi cian to Queen Anne, and was a gov. of St. Bartholomew s Hospital in London. In 1698, he sent 2 ships and several hundred colonists to settle this territory, which were the first ships to enter the Mpi. from the sea. The colonists were, however, by French machinations, divert ed from their purpose, and settled in S.C. His son, Col. Daniel, inherited his interests ; came over in 1702 ; resided at Burlington, and then at Trenton, N.J. ; filled important stations in that province; was speaker of the assembly in 1716; judge of the Sup. Ct. 1734-9, and wrote " A Description of the Province of Carolina," 8vo, Lond., 1722; "Collect, of Voyages and Travels," 8vo, 1741 ; d. Trenton, May, 1739. Tench was educated at the Phila. Coll. ; became a partner in business with his father, Wm., in May, 1776 ; was a commissioner to the Federal convention at Annapolis, in 1786; member of the Cont. Congress in 1788 ; assist, sec. of the treas. May, 1790 ; commissioner of the revenue May, 1792, and purveyor of the public supplies from 1803 to 1812. He devoted his life to the encouragement of our manufactures. His sym pathies appeared to be on the side of the crown during the Revol. He pub. " A Brief Exam ination of Lord Sheffield s Observations on the Commerce of the U.S.," 1792; "A View of the U.S.," 1794, and "A Statement of the Arts and Manufactures of the U.S. for 1810," 1814 ; "An Address on American Manufactures," " An Inquiry into the Principles of a Commer cial System for the U.S.," 1787; "Thoughts on the Naval Power, and the Encouragement of Commerce and Manufactures," 1806; " Memoir on the Cultivation, Trade, and Manufacture of Cotton," 1807 ; " On the Navigation Act," 1809. Simpson. Cox, WILLIAM, author, b. Eng. ; d. there ab. 1851. He came to the U.S. in early life ; was a printer ; was employed in the N. Y. Mir ror, to which he was a contrib., and pub. " Crayon Sketches," 2 vols., 1833. Cozzens, FREDERICK SWARTWOUT, au thor, b. N.Y., March 5, 1818; d. Brooklyn, Dec. 23, 1869. He was educated in his native city. In 1853, he coll. a series of articles con trib. to the Knickerbocker Magazine, in a vol. entitled " Prismatics," by Richard Hayward. In 1856, he pub. the " Sparrowgrass Papers." A leading wine-merchant, he pub., in connec tion with his business, a periodical entitled the " Wine Press," for which, as well as for other publications, he wrote interesting essays oa grape-culture. In 1858, he attended the copy right congress of Brussels, as delegate of the N.Y. Publishers Association. Author of " Acadia ; or, A Sojourn among the Blue- noses," 12mo, 1858; " Stone House on the Susquehanna;" "Memorial of Fitzgreene Hal- leek," 1868. Cozzens, ISSACHAR, uncle of F. S., b. Newport, R.I., 1781. Pub. "Geological His tory of N.Y. Island," N.Y., 8vo, 1843. Crabbe, THOMAS, rear-adm. U.S.N., k Md. Midshipm. Nov. 15, 1809; lieut. Feb. 4, 1815 ; com. Mar. 3, 1835; capt. Sept. 8, 1841 , commo. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. retired lis-i 226 July 25, 1866. Engaged in attack by gunboats on 3 British frigates in Hampton Roads, June 20,1813; also in repelling attack on Craney Island, June 22, 1813 ; com. sloop of war " Van- dalia," W.I. squadron, 1837; and, during the Serainole war, had charge of Fort Brooke, Tam pa Bay, Jan. 28 to May 17, 1837 ; com. Irigate " Bnindyvvine," Brazil squad., 1841 ; steam- sloop " San Jacinto," Medit. squad., 1852-3 ; com. squad, coast of Africa, 1855-7 ; died Princeton, N. J., June 29, 1872. Cradock, MATTHEW, first gov. of the Ms. Company ( 18 Mar. 1628), an opulent Lond. mer chant; d. May 27, 1641. " He was," Ilutc bin- son says, " more forward in advancing out of his substance than any other, being generally the highest in all subscriptions," and at his decease left a large claim upon the Colony. He con tinued many years to carry on a trade in the Colony by his* servants ; but he never came over. To him is due the important measure of trans ferring the govt. from the Lond. company to the inhabitants here, a measure pregnant with independence. He was a member of the cele brated Long Parliament from the city of London, in 1640. N.E. H. and Geneal. Reg., viii. -27. Cradock, THOMAS, rector of St. Thomas s Church, Baltimore Co., Md. ; d. 1760. He preached a sermon in 1753, before the gov. and assembly, on the irregularities of the clergy. lu 1756, he pub. a version of the Psalms, in heroic measure. Crafts, SAMUEL CHANDLER, jurist and statesman, b. Woodstock, Ct., Oct. 6, 1768; d. Craftsbury, Vt., Nov. 19, 1853. H.U. 1790. His father, Col. Ebenezer Crafts, founded Lei cester Acad. ; settled in Vt. in 1790; d. 1810, a. 70. Y.C. 1759. The son was town-clerk of Craftsbury, 1792-1829; youngest delegate to the State Const. Conv. in 1793; was several years a representative, and clerk of the house in 1798 and 1799; register of probate for the Orleans dist. from 1796 to 1815; member of he exec, council from 1809 to 1812 and from 1825 to 1827 ; a judge of Orleans county court from 1800 to 1816, being pres. judge Yor the last six years, and from 1825 to 1828; and clerk of the court from 1836 to 1838; M. C. 1817-25 ; gov. 1828-31 ; was pres. of the Const. Conv. in 1 829, and in 1842 was app. a U.S. sena tor. M.A. of the U. of Vermont, 1809. In June, 1802, while there were but a few log- huts on the site of the present city of Cincin nati, he commenced a tour of observation to the Lower Mpi., and, in company with Mi- chaux the younger, made a botanical recon- noissance of the Valley of the Great West in canoes and arks. Crafts, WILLIAM, lawyer and author, b. Charleston, S.C., Jan. 24, 1787; d. Lebanon Springs, N.Y., Sept. 23, 1826. H.U. 1805. He was a successful practitioner, and an eloquent advocate of Charleston, especially in criminal cases, and was several years a member of the State legisl. As editor of the Charleston Courier he coutrib. many essays, suggested by topics of the day. He delivered the Phi Beta Kappa address at Cambridge, 1817, and wrote a few poems; the "Sea Serpent," or "Gloucester Hoax," a drama in 3 acts, and contribs. to the " Omnium Botherum," a serial devoted tc local satire. A selection from his writings, including some of his orations, was pub. at Charleston in 1828, with a memoir, by Rev. Samuel Gilman. Cragin, AARON H., senator, b. Weston, Vt., 3 Feb. 1821. Lawyer; member N H. legisl. 1852-5; M.C. 1857-61; U.S. senator 1865-71 ; re-elected in 1870. Craig, HENRY KNOX, brev. brig.-gen. U. S.A., b. Pa. ; son of Isaac, a maj. in the Revol. war, by a dau. of Gen. John Neville. Lieut, art. Mar. 17, 1812 ; engaged in the occupation of Fort George, and night assault at Stony Creek, U.C. ; capt. Dec. 1813 ; brev. maj. Dec. 23, 1823; maj. of ordnance, May 30, 1832; disting. in battles of Palo Alto and La Palma , brev. lieut.-col. "for Monterey, Mex.," Sept 23, 1846; lieut.-col. Mar. 25, 1848; col. of ord nance, July 10, 1851; retired, June 1, 1863; brev. brig.-geu. Mar. 13, 1865. Gardner. Craig, JAMES, brig.-gen. vols., b. Pa. ab. 1820. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar; removed to Mo., and settled at St. Joseph s; was a member of the State legisl. in 1846-7 ; served in the Mex. war, and was a capt. Mo. mounted rifles from Aug. 1847 to Nov. 1848; circuit-atty. 12th judicial circuit, Mo., from 1852 to 1856; Democratic M.C. in 1857-61 ; app. a brig.-gen. of vols. Mar. 21, 1862, and employed in the West. Craig, SIR JAMES HENRY, a British gen., b. Gibraltar, 1749; d. Jan. 12, 1812. Ensign in 1763 ; aide-de-camp to Gen. Boyd at Gibral tar in 1770; in 1771, capt. 47th Foot, with which he went to America in 1774; was in the battle of Lexington ; severely wounded at Bunker s Hill, again at Hubbardton, and a third time at Freeman s Farm, Sept. 19, 1777. Included in the convention at Saratoga, sent to Eng. with despatches, and app. maj. 82d, Dec. 1777. He was engaged in the operations on the Penobscot in 1779; was ordered to the South; in Jan. 1781 occupied Wilmington, N.C.j which he abandoned when Cornwallis surrendered in Nov. 1781, when he held the rank of lieut.-col. He saw much active ser vice, usually in com. of light troops, and was an officer of merit. As a maj.-gen. he com. the exped. against the Cape of Good Hope in 1795, and in 1797 the successful exped. against Manilla. Lieut.-gen. Jan. 1801. With Sir John Stuart, he led the army of the Mediter ranean to Sicily in 1805. App. com.-in-chiof of Canada in Aug. 1807, he proved wholly unfit for a civil station. He saw in every op ponent of his policy a disaffected rebel, seized liberal presses, suppressed opposition, and em ployed spies. He returned to Eng., June 19, 1811. Craig, COL. THOMAS, Revol. officer; d. Lehigh Co., Pa., Jan. 14, 1832, a. 92. Made capt. in St. Glair s batt. Jan. 5, 1776; maj. Sept. 7, 1776; col. 3d Pa. regt. 1777. Craigh.il!, WILLIAM P., maj. engr. corps U.S.A., b. Va. West Point, 1853. Entering the engr. corps, he became capt. 3 Mar. 1 863 ; brev. lieut.-col. 13 Mar. 1865, for services in defence of Cumberland Gap; maj. 23 Nov. 1865. He was engaged some years in the con struction and repairs of Southern forts and 227 harbors ; was assist, prof, of engineering at West Point, 1859-63; chief engr. of Gen. G. W. Morgan s div., June-Oct. 1862, and of dept of the Monongahela, June- Aug. 1863; assist, engr. in construction of defences of Bait. harbor, Sept., 1863-June, 1864; chief engr. middle dept. and 8th army corps, Apr.-June, 1864. Compiler of "Army Officer s Pocket Companion," 1861 ; translator of Dufour s " Cours de Tactiques," 1863, and, jointly with Capt. Mendell, of Jomini s " Precis de I Art de la Guerre," 1862. Cullum. Craik, JAMES, M.D., physician, b. Scot land, 1731 ; d. Fairfax Co., Va., Feb. 6, 1814. Educated for the medical service of the British army, he came to Va. in early life ; was with Washington in the exped. against the French and Indians, in 1754, and the next year was in Braddocks fatal campaign. In 1775, by the aid of Washington, he was transferred to the medical dept. of the army, and rose to the first rank and distinction. In 1777, he was active in unveiling the conspiracy to remove the commander-in-chief. In 1781, he was director of the hospital at Yorktown. After the Revol., Craik settled near Mount Vernon, and attended Washington in his last illness. Cralle, RICHARD K., author, b. S.C. ; d. Va., 10 June, 1864. Relative of J. C. Calhoun, and his amanuensis while sec. of State, and pub. an edition of his works in 6 vols., with a memoir. Previously an editor in Washing ton and a Swedenborgian clergyman. Author of some New Church publications. Cranch, CHRISTOPHER PEASE, artist and poet, son of Judge C., b. Alexandria, D.C., March 8, 1813. Col. Coll. 1831. He studied divinity 3 years at H.U., but, in 1842, devoted himself to landscape-painting in N.Y. May 25, 1840, he delivered a poem at the 200th anniv. of the town of Quincy. In 1847-8, he visited Italy; went again to Europe in 1853, and resided some years in Paris. During his 10 years absence, he executed many admira ble landscapes. Since his return, he has re sided in N.Y, and at Fishkill, and has painted views of Venice, some fruit-pieces, and other compositions. He was one of the contribs. to the Dial, in which were pub. some of his best poems. In 1854, a vol. of his poems appeared at Phila. He has also pub. two stories, " The Last of the Huggermuggers," 1856; and " Kobboltozo," a sequel to the former, 1857. He still writes occasionally for various journals and magazines. Cranch, WILLIAM, LL.D. (H.U. 1829), jurist, b. Weymouth, Ms., July 17, 1769; d. Washington, Sept. 1, 1855. H.U. 1787. Richard, his father, b. Eng., Oct. 26, 1726 ; d. Oct. 16, 1811 ; came to Ms. in 1746 ; in. Mary, dau. of Rev. Wm. Smith of Weymouth ; was a man of learning; many years a member of the legisl., and judge of the C.C.P. ; pub. " Views of the Prophecies concerning Anti- Christ." Wm. studied law ; was adm. to the bar in July, 1790; practised in Braintree and in Haverhill, but in Oct. 1794, removed to Washington. In 1801, the President, John Adams, app. him jun. assist, judge of the Circuit Court of the D.C., of which he was chief-justice from 1805 to 1855. In these 55 years, but 2 of his decisions were overruled He pub. 9 vols. of Reports of U.S. Supreme Court, and 6 vols. of Reports of Circuit Court of D.C., from 1801 to 1841. He also prepared a code of laws for the district ; pub. a memoir of John Adams, 8vo, 1827, and, in 1831, an address on temperance. Member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Crane, ICHABOD B., col. U.S.A., b. N.J. ; d. Port Richmond, Staten Island, N.Y., Oct. 5, 1857. App. 2d lieut. marines, Jan. 1809; capt. 3d Art. April 25, 1812; brev. maj. for merit, services, Nov. 13, 1813; maj. 4th Art., Sept. 15, 1825; lieut.-col. 2d Art., Nov. 3, 1832; col. 1st Art., June 27, 1843; gov. of Military Asylum at Washington, May, 1851 to Nov. 1853 ; bro. of Com. Wm. M. Crane. Gardner. Crane, COL. JOHN, Revol. officer of Ms. ; d. Aug. 21, 1805. He com. the regt. of Ms. Art. through the war. During the siege of Boston, he held the rank of major, and did good service. Crane, WILLIAM MONTGOMERY, com. U.S.N., b. Elizabethtown, N.J., Feb. 1, 1784 ; d. Washington, March 18, 1846. His father, Gen. Win., severely wounded at Quebec, and a col. in the Revol. army, d. Elizabethtown, July 9, 1814. Midshipm. May 23, 1799; lieut. July 20, 1803; com. March 4, 1813; capt. Nov. 22,1814. Comg. the brig " Vix en," he disting. himself in the attack on Trip oli, and was in " The Chesapeake," when at tacked by " The Leopard." In July, 1812, while comg. the. brig. " Nautilus," he was taken by " The Southampton," frigate. On his ex change, he was ordered to the Lakes, where, in com. of " The Madison " and " Pike," in Chauncey s squadron, he served with distinc tion for the remainder of the war. In 1827, in the flag-ship "Delaware," he com. the Mediterranean squadron, acting as joint com missioner with Mr. Offley, U.S. consul at Smyrna, to open negotiations with the Otto man Govt. App. navy commissioner in 1841, and in 1842 chief of the bureau of ordnance and hydrography. He died by his own hand ; cause unknown. Cranfleld, EDWARD, gov. of N.H., 1682- 5 ; d. Eng., 1704. He exchanged a profitable office in Eng. to better his fortune here, but exer cised his power in so arbitrary a manner, that he soon lost his place. Venturing to tax the people without their consent, he soon found "all his efforts ineffectual, and his authority con temptible." The complaints were taken up by the lords of trade, and decided against him. Returning to Eng. in 1685, he was afterwards app. collector of Barbadoes. Crapo, HENRY H., gov. of Mich., 1865-9, b. Dartmouth, Ms., 24 May, 1804; d. Flint, Mich., July 23, 1869. He resided in New Bed ford until his removal to Saginaw, Mich., in 1856, where he entered largely into the lumber- business. State senator in 1862, and at one time mayoi of Flint. Craven, CHARLES, sec. to the proprietors of S.C., and gov. in 1712-16. Ordered in 1712 to sound Port Royal River, it is probable that he founded Beaufort. The Yemassees and other warlike tribes, having, in 1715, combined 228 for the destruction of the Colony, Gov. Cra ven at the head of 1,200 men, part of whom were blacks, defeated them in a series of des perate conflicts. Craven, TUNIS AUG. MACDONOUGH, com mander U.S.N., b. Portsmouth, N.H. ; killed in the iron-clad " Tecumseh," destroyed by a torpedo in Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864. Mid- shipm. Feb. 2, 1829 ; lieut. 1841 ; com. Apr. 24, 1861. He had seen 20 years service, 8 years in the coast-survey, and, during the civil war, com. " The Crusader," " The Tuscarora," and " The Tecumseh." Craven, THOMAS T., rear-adm. U.S.N.,b. D.C. Son of Tunis Craven of N.J. Many years U.S. naval storekeeper at the Portsmouth and Brooklyn navy -yards. Midshipm. May 1, 1822; lieut. May 27, 1830; com. Dec. 16, 1852; capt. June 7, 1861; commo. July 16, 1362; rear-adm. Oct. 10, 1866; lieut.-com. of the flag-ship " Vincennes " in Wilkes s U.S. Exploring Exped., 1838-42. While at Valparaiso, in July, 1839, he was instrumental in saving the crew of a Chilian vessel, wrecked in a gale there, for which he was complimented by Sec. Paulding. From 1851 to 1855, com. of midshipm., and instructor, U.S. naval acad. at Annapolis; June 27, 1861, he took com. of the Potomac flotilla, and of " The Brook lyn," in the autumn of 1861. In the attack on Forts Jackson and St. Philip, " The Brook lyn" became entangled in the obstructions in the river, and was attacked by a ram and a steam er. The latter received a broadside at 60 yards, which put a stop to her attack ; while the chain-armor of " The Brooklyn " prevented in jury by the shock from the ram. Capt. Craven took part in the subsequent engagements on the Mpi., until Aug. 1862. Com. N. Pacific squad., 1869. . Crawford, GEORGE W., statesman and lawyer, b. Columbia Co., Ga., Dec. 22, 1798. N.J. Coll. 1820. He studied law, and com menced practice at Augusta, Ga., in 1822 ; was atty.-gen. 1827-31 ; was in the State legisl. from 1837 to 1842, with the exception of one year; M.C. 1843 ; gov. 1843-7, and a mem ber of Pres. Taylor s cabinet, as sec. of war, 1849-July, 1850; subsequently visited Europe, since which time he has lived in retirement at his home in Richmond Co. Lanman, Crawford, NATHANIEL MACON, D.D., di vine, b. near Lexington, Ga., Mar. 22, 1811. U. of Ga. Aug. 1829. He studied law with his father, Wm. H. Crawford, but never prac tised. Prof, of mathematics in Oglethorpe U., 1837-41 ; licensed to preach in 1843, and ord. in the Baptist ministry, 1844. Pastor in Wash ington, Ga., in 1845, and in Charleston, S.C., in 1846. Prof, of biblical literature in Mercer U., 1847-54, and was pres. in 1855-6 ; in 1857, he was prof, of mental and moral philos. in the U. of Mpi , and was prof, in the Western Baptist Theol. Sena, at Georgetown, Ky., until July, 1858. He afterward resumed the presi dency of Mercer U. ; pres. of Georgetown Col- lege/Ky ., 1 865-71 . Author of " Christian Par adoxes," 1858. He was considered one of the first pulpit orators of the Baptist Church at the South ; d. near Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 27, 1871. Crawford, SAMUEL WYIIE, brev. bng.- gen. U.S.A., b. Franklin Co., Pa., Nov. S 1829. U. of Pa. 1847. He studied medicine, and in 1851 was made assist, surgeon, U.S.A.; was on duty in Texas 3 years, and in New Mexico until 1856, when he went to Mexico. While there, he made scientific researches, and became a member of the Geog. Society of Mex ico. He was one of the garrison of Fort Sum- ter in Apr. 1861 ; com. a battery during the action ; was made maj. of the 13th Inf., May 14, 1861; ordered to Eastern Va., and made insp.-gen. of that dept. ; brig.-gen. Apr. 25, 1862, he was assigned to the corps of Gen. Banks in the army of the Shenandoah. He was in the battle of Winchester, and was mentioned in the report of the comg.-gen. He bore a leading part in the battle of Cedar Moun tain, where he lost more than half his brigade, and, after the death of Gen. Mansfield, com. his division in the battle of Antietam, where, though severely wounded, he kept the field till the close of the action. He com. 3d div. 5th corps, at the Wilderness battle, at Hatch er s Run, and in the battles around Petersburg. Brev. maj.-gen. Mar. 13, 1865; brev. col. U.S.A. for Gettysburg ; brev. brig.-gen. for Five Forks, 13 Mar. 1865; col. 2d U.S. Inf. Crawford, THOMAS, sculptor, b. N.Y., Mar. 22, 1814; d. Lond., Eng., Oct. 10, 1857. He early manifested a remarkable taste for art, in which he was encouraged by his father, who caused him to be thoroughly instructed in drawing, carving, and in modelling in clay. In 1834, he went to Italy, and at Rome enjoyed the instruction and friendship of Thorwaldsen. After a few years study, he established his stu dio in Rome, and soon obtained abundant em ployment. Among the most felicitous and characteristic of his works is the bust of Josiah Quincy, placed in the library of H.U. In 1839, he designed his famous statue of " Orphe us," which, with his " Hebe and Ganymede," is in the Athenaeum in Boston. Of his ideal busts, the "Sappho" and "Vesta" are models of purity and taste. He executed many bas-reliefs ; and his religious subjects, especially those in which the person of the Saviour is introduced, are marked by singular propriety and dignity of treatment. Among the noblest of his works are his statue, in bronze, of Beethoven, in the Music Hall, Boston, and the bronze equestrian statue of Washington, ordered by the State of Va., and erected at the Capitol in Richmond. Visiting Amer. in 1844, he m. Miss Ward, by whom he had several children. He made a second visit to the U.S. in 1849, and a third in 1856. Crawford received from Congress a commission to furnish marble and bronze stat uary for the new Capitol at Washington, for which he designed perhaps his grandest work the colossal statue of the Genius of Amer., destined for the pinnacle of the Capitol dome. He suffered for the last years of his life from a malignant tumor or cancer of the eye, which nearly deprived him of sight, and caused him to renounce his art entirely, with many works unfinished. The industry of Crawford was wonderful. He finished upward of 60 works, many of them colossal, and left ab. 50 sketches in plaster, and designs of vari ous kinds. 229 CK-E Crawford, THOMAS HARTLEY, b. Cham- jersburg, Pa., Nov. 14, 1786; d. Washington, D.C., Jan. 27, 1863. N. J. Coll. 1804. Ad mitted to the bar in 1807 ; M. C. 1829-33 ; member Pa. legisl. 1833; in 1836 a commis sioner to investigate frauds in the purchase of lands of the Creek Indians ; U.S. commissioner of Indian affairs, 1838-45; and from 1845 till hisd., judge of the Criminal Court of D. C. Crawford, COL. WILLIAM, Revol. officer, b. Berkeley Co., Va., 1732 ; d. June, 1782. A capt. in Forbes s exped. in 1758, and the inti mate friend of Washington, then a surveyor. He served in thePontiac war in 1763-4; moved to Pa. in 1768 ; was an efficient officer in Dun- more s campaign against the Scioto Indians ; made lieut.-col. 5tli Va. regt., Feb. 13, 1776; became col., and resigned, Feb. 10, 1781. One of the bravest of frontiersmen, he often led parties across the Ohio against the Indians, to whom, from his success, he was particularly obnoxious. In May, 1782, he accepted, reluc tantly, the com. of an exped. against the Wyan- dottes on the Muskingum, fell into an ambus cade, was taken prisoner, and tortured to death at Sandusky. Crawford, WILLIAM HARRIS, lawyer and statesman, b. Nelson Co., Va., Feb. 24, 1772 ; d. near Elbertou, Ga., Sept. 15, 1834. His father Joel, in 1783, removed his family to Ga., but d. in 1788 ; and young Crawford, after assisting his mother to support the family, by teaching, for several years, at length studied law. In 1799, he commenced practice in Lexington, Oglethorpe Co., and soon became disting. in his profession. In 1800, he was app. with Ho ratio Marbury to revise the laws of Ga., and compiled the first digest of her laws, pub. Sa vannah, 4to, 1802. Member of the State legisl. 1803-7 ; U. S. senator, 1807-13, and was its pres. pro tern, in March, 1812. In this body, he shone pre-eminently, soon making himself known and respected by the force of natural ability, energy, and loftiness of mind. His in fluence was further increased by his perfect in tegrity and unflinching firmness. He evinced, in the consideration of many important and ex citing questions, statesmanship of a high order. He was opposed to the policy of war with Great Britain, but finally voted for it. Having de clined the war secretaryship in 1813, he ac cepted the post of minister to France, where he remained two years, and acquired the friend ship of Lafayette, who appointed him agent for his American lands, and with whom, after his return home, he carried on a confidential corresp. On his return to the U. S., he was app. to the war dept., but in Oct. 1816, was transferred to the treasury dept., the duties of which he continued to discharge until 1825, when he became the Democ. nominee for the presidency, but was defeated. A long and se vere sickness destroyed all chance of his election l>y the house, and removed him henceforth from the political arena. Mr. Adams offered to con tinue him as sec. of the treas. ; but he declined. He was strongly opposed to the nullification movement, and is generally regarded as the greatest of the citizens of Ga. In 1827, he was app. judge of the Northern Circuit Court of Ga., which office he retained until his death. Creighton, JOHN ORDE, commo. U.S.N. b. N. Y. City; d. Sing Sing, Oct. 13, 1838. Midshipm. June 25, 1800; served under Preble before Tripoli; became a lieut. Feb. 24, 1807, and was attached to the frigate " Chesapeake " in June, 1807, when attacked by "The Leop ard." He was afterwards attached to " The President," and was first lieut. in her action with "The Little Belt," May 16, 1811. In 1813, he com. the brig " Rattlesnake," with the rank of master-commandant (July 13), and was made capt. Apr. 27, 1816. In 1829-30, he com. the squadron on the coast of Brazil. Creighton, JOHNSTON B., capt. U.S.N., b. R. I., Mar. 12, 182 L Midshipman, Feb. 10, 1838; lieut. Oct. 9, 1853; corn. Sept. 20, 1862 ; capt. Nov. 26, 1868; comg. steamer "Ottawa," S. A. B. squadron, 1862 ; steamer "Mahaska," bombarding forts Wagner and Gregg, Morris Island, Aug. 8 to 21, 1863 ; comg. steamer " Mingo," S. A. B. squad., 1864-5 ; steamsloop " Oneida," Asiatic squad., 1867-9. Crele, JOSEPH, the oldest man in America, b. Detroit, 1725 ; d. Caledonia, Wis., Jan. 27, 1866. The date of his birth is established by the record of his baptism in the French Cath olic Church, Detroit. He resided for about a century in Wis. He m. in 1755; settled at Prairie du Chien ; bore arms at Braddock s de feat, and, before the Revol. war, carried letters between Prairie du Chien and Green Bay. A few years before his death, he testified in the Circuit Court of Wisconsin, in a case involving the title to some real estate, to events that oc curred 80 years before. He lived for some years at Caledonia with a dau. by his third wife, b. when he was 69. Until 1864, he was as hale and hearty as most men of 70 ; could walk miles without fatigue, and often chopped wood for the family use. During the last year or two of his life, he would sometimes say sadly, "I fear death has forgotten me." Cresap, CAPT. MICHAEL, b. Alleghany Co., Md., June 29, 1742; d. N. Y. City, Oct. 18, 1775. Son of Col. Thomas, an emigrant from Yorkshire, who settled in Western Md. Michael was a trader; moved to the Ohio in 1774, and commenced clearing land. Difficul ties with the Indians followed ; and Cresap re turned to Md. Capt. in the militia, and served in Dunmore s exped. against the western tribes. Com. a rifle company, July, 1775, in the army near Boston, but was obliged, by illness, to re turn to N. Y., where he died. A Memoir, vin dicating his character from the aspersion in Jefferson s Notes, has been pub.- by his son-in- law, J. J. Jacob ; and a new ed. edited by Brantz Mayer, in 1866. Crespel, EMMANUEL, a Flemish mission ary of the order of Recollets. Embarked for Canada in Jan. 1724, and was successively curg near Montreal, and aurnonier in various localities. The ship in which he returned to France in Nov. 1736 having been wrecked, he landed with some companions on the coast of Labrador, and, after passing the winter in that frightful place, returned to Quebec in June, and to France in Dec. 1738. An account of his travels and shipwreck was pub. in Am sterdam, 1757; an Eng. transl. was pub. in Lond., 1797. 230 CRI Cresson, ELLIOT, philanthropist, b. Phila., Mar. 2, 1796 ; d. there Feb. 20, 1854. Brought up in the Society of Friends, he imbibed from them an ardent love of benevolent deeds, of which his life was passed in the continual ex ercise. He became a successful merchant ; was one of the pioneers in African colonization, and pres. of the society. In his will, he made gen erous contributions to a great variety of objects. Creswell, JOHN A. J., postmaster-gen., app. Mar. 1869; b. Port Deposit, Cecil Co., Md., 18 Nov. 1828. Dick. Coll. 1848. Adm. to the Md. bar in 1850 ; member of the H. of delegates, 1861-2; assist, adj.-gen. of Md., Aug. 1862-Apr. 1863; M. C. 1863-5; U. S. senator, 1865-7; 22 Feb. 1866, he delivered, at the request of the House, a eulogy on Henry Winter Davis, his friend and colleague. Cretin, JOSEPH, D.D., R. C. Bishop of St. Paul, Minn., consec. Jan. 26, 1851 ; d. Feb. 22, 1857. CrevecOBUr (krav -kur ), HECTOR ST. JOHN, author and agriculturist, b. Caen, France, 1735 ; d. Sarcelles, Nov. 12, 1813. Sent by his parents to England, to complete his education at 16, he passed 6 years there ; came :o Amer. in 1754, settled on a farm near N.Y. City, and m. In the war, his lands were over run by the British troops. In 1780, his affairs requiring his presence in Eng., he was permit ted, with one of his sons, to embark from New York. A French fleet on the coast detained the vessel in the harbor ; and he was arrested as a spy, and kept in prison 3 months. Released, after examination, he sailed for Dublin, arrived in Dec., and Apr. 2, 1781, he reached the paternal roof in France, after an absence of 27 years. He became a member of the Agric. Society of Caen, and introduced the cultivation of the potato there. His " Letters from an Amer. Farmer" were pub. Lond., 1782, Paris, 1784 and 1787. His glowing and extravagant pictures of American life induced many fam ilies to emigrate to the borders of the Ohio, where they suffered the extremities of famine and fever. In 1783, he Returned to N.Y. as French consul. He found his house burnt, his wife dead, and his children in the hands of a stranger, Mr. Flaver, a merchant of Boston, who had been led to take charge of them by the kindness Crevecceur had shown to prisoners abroad. Resigning his office in 1793, he re turned to France. In 1801, he pub. at Paris, " Voijatje, dans la Haute Pennsylvanie," &c. St. John was by nature, by education, and by his writings, a philanthropist ; a man of serene temper and pure benevolence. Duyckinck. Crittenden, GEORGE B., gen. C.S.A. Son of Senator Crittenden, b. Ky. West Point, 1832. Resigned, 1833 ; counsellor-at-law, Ky., 1835-46; capt. mounted rifles, May, 27, 1846; brev. major for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847; major, March 15, 1848; lieut.-col. Dec. 30, 1856; resigned, 10 June, 1861, and joined the Confederate army, in which he was made amaj.-gen., and ordered to S. E. Ky., where, Jan. 19, 1862, he was de feated by Gen. G. H. Thomas in the battle of Mill Spring, or Somerset. He was put under arrest; -va.s not released until November, and * - ei<mcd soon afterward. Crittenden, JOHN JORDON, lawyer and senator, b. Woodford Co., Ky., Sept. 10, 1786; d. Frankfort, Ky., July 26, 1863. When quits young, he entered the army, and, during the War of 1812, was an officer in Gen. Hopkins s exped., and was aide-de-camp to Gov. Shelby at the battle of the Thames. After adopting the profession of law, he, in 1816, was elected to the Ky. legisl., of which he was several years speaker, and was U.S. senator from Ky. in 1817-19. From 1819 to 1835, he continued in the practice of his profession, residing princi pally at Frankfort, and occasionally represent ing his county in the State legisl. Again U.S. senator in 1835-41, when he was app. atty.- gen. by Pres. Harrison. In Sept. 1841, he resigned, and resumed his seat in the U.S. senate in 1842. He was re-elected senator for six years, from March, 1843, but, in 1848, was elected gov. of the State, which office he held until his app. as atty.-gen. by Pres. Fillmore, in 1850; again elected to the U.S. senate in 1855. In early life, Mr. C. belonged to the Repub., and, subsequently, to the Whig party. He was one of Mr. Clay s friends ; always favored the protective policy; was for a U.S. bank, and against the sub-treasury system; and opposed Calhoun s bill, in 1835, empowering postmasters to take from the mails documents hostile to slavery. He opposed the annexation of Texas, and strove to bring the Mexican war to a peaceful termination as soon as practica ble. It was Mr. Crittenden, who, in 1847, in troduced the bill in the senate for the relief of the starving in Ireland and Scotland, support ing it in an eloquent and feeling speech. He opposed the admission of Kansas under the Topeka Constitution in 1856; voted against the repeal of the territorial laws, and in favor of Toombs s Kansas Bill, and in 1858 opposed the admission of Kansas under the Lecompton Constitution. He was considered the patri arch of the senate, a designation to which his character, as well as his age, entitled him. He was an excellent, extemporaneous debater. Dur ing the memorable second session of the 36th Congress, he proposed the plan known as the " Crittenden Compromise," prohibiting slavery north of 36 30 , admitting new States with or without slavery, and prohibiting the aboli tion of slavery in the District of Columbia while it existed in Va. or Md. He re-entered Congress in July, 1861 ; participated in the chief debates, and was an ardent Union man, but opposed confiscation, emancipation, and the enlistment of negroes. Crittenden, THOMAS LEONID AS, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Russellville, Ky., 1819. Second son of John J. Crittenden. Studied law under his father ; was adm. to the bar, and be came Commonwealth s atty. On the breaking- out of the Mexican war, he was app. vol. aide to Gen Taylor, in which capacity he highly disting. himself at Buena Vista. As lieut.-col. 4th Ky. vols., he took part in the memorable battles in the Valley of Mexico under Gen. Scott. Gen. Taylor, on his elevation to the presidency, app. him consul at Liverpool (1849). Returning in 1853, he resided awhilo at Frankfort, Ky., but afterward engaged in mer cantile pursuits at Louisville. Brig. -gen. Sept C:RO 231 CRO 17, 1861, and assigned acorn, under Gen. Buell. For gallantry at the battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862, he was promoted to maj.-gen., July 17, and assigned a division in the army of the Tenn. He afterward com. the 2d corps, com posing the left wing of the army of the Ohio under Gen. Buell, and in Oct. was attached to Gen Rosecrans s dept. of the Cumberland, tak ing part in the battles of Stone River and Chick- amauga, where his corps was routed, and after wards com. a division of the 9th corps in the Va. campaign of 1864; col. 17th U.S. Inf., July 28, 1866; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 1867. Crocker, HANNAH MATHER, grand-daugh ter of Cotton Mather, and widow of Joseph C. of Taunton, b. Boston, 1765; d. Roxbury, Ms., July 10, 1847. Pub. " Letters on Free Mason ry/ 1815, with a preface by T. M. Harris; "The School of Reform ;" "Seamen s Safe Pilot," &c.; "Observations on the Rights of Wo man," 1818; "Statement" respecting Mad am Knight, in the Lib. of the Antiq. Soc. at Worcester. Dan. of Rev. Samuel. See Liv ing Age, No. 735 ; Allibone. Crocker, MARCELLUS M., brev. maj.-gen., vols. ; d. Washington, D.C., Aug. 1865. Studied 2 years at West Point; settled as a lawyer in Des Moines, Iowa. Maj. 2d Iowa vols., May, 1861 ; col. 13 July, 1861, and disting. at Shiloh ; brig.-gen. in the Atlanta campaign under Sherman. Crockett, COL. DAVID, noted for eccen tricity, b. Greene Co., Tenn., 17 Aug. 1786; d. 6 Mar. 1836, at Stm Antonio de Bexar. Son of a Revol. soldier. His education was scanty ; but he became a noted marksman and hunter. Served under Gen Jackson in his Creek cam paign, 1813-14; was a member of the legisl., and was M.C. in 1828-34, but, becoming an opponent of Pres. Jackson, lost popularity, and, in 1834, removed to Texas. At Washington, his singular manners and oddity of expression, gave him great notoriety. Engaging with zeal in the contest with the Mexicans, he fell, while heroically fighting in defence of the Alamo. His autobiography was pub. Phila., 1834, " Tour to the North and Down East," 1835 ; " Sketches and Eccentricities," 1847 ; " Exploits in Texas," "Life of Van Buren," 1835. His son JOHN W., M.C. 1838-43, d. Memphis, Tenn., 24 Nov. 1852. Croes, JOHN, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1811), Pr.- Ep. bishop of N.J., b. Elizabethtown, i"03 ; d. New Brunswick, July 30, 1832. Oi German extraction. His early efforts to procure an education by his own exertions were retarded by the Revol. war, during the latter years of which he was engaged in defence of his coun try. Ord. deacon in 1790, and, in 1792, priest. Alter officiating at Swedesborough, he was, in 1801, invited by the societies of Christ Church, N. Brunswick, and St. Peter s Church, Spotts- wood, to become their pastor, and was at the same time elected principal of the Acad. at N. Brunswick. This charge he resigned in 1808, having previously resigned that of the church at Spottswood, and devoted himself solely to the church at N. Brunswick. Elected, in 1815, bishop of Ct., he declined the appt., ar.d was consec. bishop of N.J., 19 Nov. 1815. Croghan (kro -gan), COL. GEORGE, Indian agent, b. Ireland ; d. Passayunk, Pa., ab. Aug. 1782. He was educated in Dublin ; settled neai jHarrisburg, Pa. ; was an Indian trader as early as 1746, and, acquiring their languages and their confidence, became agent for the Colony. He was a capt. in Braddock s exped. in 1755 ; was employed in defence of the Wes tern frontier in 1756, and in Nov. was made dep. Indian agent for the Pa. and Ohio Indi ans by Sir W. Johnson, who in 1763 sent him to Eng. to confer with the ministry ab. an Indian boundary-line. In this voyage, he was shipwrecked on the coast of France. While on his way, in 1765, to pacify the Illinois Indians, he was attacked, June 8, wounded, and taken to Vincennes, but was soon released, and accom plished his mission. In May, 1766, he made a settlement 4 miles above Fort Pitt. He con tinued to render valuable service in pacifying the Indians, and conciliating them to the Bri tish interest until 1776. He was an object of suspicion to the Revol. authorities in 1778, but, as he continued to reside on his farm, was doubtless, unjustly accused. O Callaghan. Croghan, GEORGE, insp.-gen. U.S.A., b. near Louisville, Ky., Nov. 15, 1791 ; d. N. Or leans, Jan. 8, 1849. Win. and Mary Coll. 1810. His father was Maj. William Croghan of the Revol., and his mother was a sister of Gen. Geo. Rogers Clarke. Aide to Col. Boyd at the battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, and made capt. 17th Inf., Mar. 12, 1812. He highly disting. himself under Harrison, in the sortie from Fort Meigs ; became his aide-de-camp, rank of maj., Mar. 30, 1813, and, on the 1st and 2d of Aug. following, conducted the memorable de fence of Fort Stephenson, at Lower Sandusky, against Gen. Proctor, with an army of 500 reg ulars and 700 Indians. Maj. Croghan was brev. lieut.-col. for his gallantry on this occasion, and subsequently received from Congress a gold medal. Made a lieut.-col. Feb. 21, 1814; upon the reduction of the army at the close of the war, he was transferred to the 1st Inf. He resigned in 1817 ; was postmaster at New Or leans in 1824, and was app. insp.-gen., with the rank of col., Dec. 21, 1825. In 1846, he joined Taylor s army in Mexico, and served with credit at the battle of Monterey. His son, Col. GEORGE ST. JOHN CROGHAN, was killed in a skirmish in W. Va. during Floyd s retreat from Cotton Hill, in Dec. 1861. He invented a pack-saddle for mules, for conveying wounded men over the steep mountain-passes of W. Va., successfully used. Croix, JOHN BAPTIST DE LA, bishop of Quebec, b. of a noble family of Grenoble, France, 1653 ; d. Quebec, Dec. 28, 1727. Fiivt almoner to Louis XIV., he came to Canada in 1 685 as successor of Bishop Laval. He founded 3 hospitals, and displayed great charity to the poor. Cronyn, RT. REV. BENJAMIN, consec. bishop of Huron in 1857, b. 1802. Educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin. Taking orders, he held a pastoral charge in Canada. D. Sept. 22, 1871. Crook, GEORGE, brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A., b. near Dayton, O., Sept. 8, 1828. W. Point, 1852. Entering the 4th Inf., he became 1st lieut. Mar. 1856, and capt. May 14, 1861 ; com CTRO 232 Pitt Rher exped., and wounded by an Indian arrow, 10 June, 1857 ; became, Sept. 12, 1861, col. 36tb 0. vols., serving in Western Va., and, at the head of 1,300 men, repulsed a much larger body of Confederates at Lewisburg, Greenbrier Co., Apr. 23,1862. Brig.-gen. Sept. 7, 1862 ; took com. of the dist. of Kanawha, and engaged in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam; transferred in Jan. 1863 to com. the 2d cavalry div. of the Army of the Cum berland ; fought at Chickamauga ; defeated and drove the rebel Gen. Wheeler across the Ten nessee with great loss; com. the 3d div. in W. Va. in April, 1864; defeated and killed Gen. Jenkins at Cloyd Mountain, May 9; brev. maj.-gen. July 18, and put in com. of the army of W. Va. He took part in Sheridan s brilliant operations in the Shenandoah Valley, especial ly at Opequan, Fisher s Hill, and Cedar Creek, a nd in his cavalry operations, ending in Lee s surrender. Maj.-gen. vols. 21 Oct. 1864; Feb. 21, 1865, he was captured by guerillas, who surprised his quarters in the night, and was ex changed Mar. 20 ; brev. brig.- gen. U. S. A. 13 Mar. 1865, for the camp, of 1864 in W. Va; lieut.-col. 23d Inf., July 28, 1866 ; brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A. for Fisher s Hill, Va. ; brig.-gen. U.S.A. Oct. 30, 1873. Reid s Ohio in the War. Crooks, GEORGE R., D.D., clergyman and lexicographer, b. Phila., Feb. 3, 1822. Dick. Coll. 1840. He entered the ministry of the M. E. Church in 1841 ; labored in Fulton, Knox, and Peoria Counties, 111. ; was chosen tutor in Dick. Coll. in 1842, and in 1843 be came principal of the grammar school of the coll., and assoc. with Prof. McClintock in pre paring Latin and Greek text-books. In 1846, he was elected adjunct prof, of ancient lan guages, but in 1848 resumed the pastoral office. He has had charge of prominent churches in Phila., Wilmington, and New York, and holds a high rank as a preacher. He has pub. an edition of " Butler s Analogy," with an analy sis, notes, and an index, and a Latin-English lexicon. Contrib. to Meth. Quarterly Rev. Cropper, GEN. JOHN, Revol. officer, b. Va., 1756; d. Bowman s Folly, Accomac Co., Va., Jan. 15, 1821. Capt. in the 9th Va. regt. in 1775, he was soon promoted to a majority in the 5th regt., which, at the battle of the Bran- dywine, was nearly cut to pieces ; was then made lieut.-col. of "the 7th Va. regt., and was at the battles of Germantown and Monmouth. Lieut.-col. 1 1 th regt., May 15, 1778 ; afterwards its col. Cropsey, JASPER FRANCIS, artist, b. Stat- en Island, N.Y., Feb. 18, 1823. He studied architecture, but, on account of ill-health, de voted himself to landscape-painting, and by his picture of Greenwood Lake, N. Y., gained a membership in the Acad. of Design. From 1847 to 1850, he studied in Europe. Among his most successful pictures since are the " Sibyl s Temple," "American Harvesting," " Peace " and " War," " Autumn on the Hud son," " Richmond Hill," and " Niagara Falls." From June, 1856, to 1863, he resided in Eng. He has executed designs for illustrated books of poems, compositions entitled " The Olden Time," "A Tournament," and "Return from Hawkins." Crosby, ALPHEUS, scholar, b. Sandwich, N.H., Oct. 13, 1810. Dartm. Coll. 1827. Pre ceptor of Moor s Charity School, Hanover, 1827-8; tutor at Dartm. Coll., 1829-31; prof, of Latin, and Greek there, 1833-7 ; of Greek only, since 1837 ; principal of the Normal School at Salem, Ms., 1857-65. Has pub. Greek text-books, an edition of Xenophon s " Anabasis ; " " First Lessons in Geometry ; " and an " Essay on the Second Advent." Crosby, ENOCH, a Revol. patriot, said to be the original of Cooper s "Harvey Birch," the " Spy," b. Harwich, Ms., Jan. 4, 1750 ; d. June 26, 1835. During his infancy, his parents set tled in South-east, Duchess Co., N.Y. He be came a shoemaker, but, when the Revol. broke out, shouldered a musket, became engaged in the " secret service," and afterward joined the army under Heath, stationed in the Highlands. The narrative of his life and adventures, taken from his own lips by Capt. H. L. Barnum, has been pub., entitled " The Spy Unmasked," 8vo, N.Y., 1828. Lossing. Crosby, HOWARD, b. N.Y. City, 1826. Prof, of Greek in the U. of N.Y. ; chancellor, Nov. 18, 1870. Great-grandson of Wm. Floyd. Pub. "Lands of the Moslem," 8vo, 1851 ; the New Testament, with brief explan. notes. Editor of Sophocles CEdipus Tyrannus. Crosby, PIERCE, capt. U. S. N., b. Dela ware Co., Pa., Jan. 16, 1823. Midshipman, Jan. 5, 1838; Kent. Sept. 3, 1853; com. Sept. 2, 1862; capt. May 27, 1868; attached to sloop " Decatur," and present at Tabasco and Tuspan, Mexico ; served in Chesapeake Bay, 1861, and sloop " Cumberland," N. A. B. squad ron, at capture of Hatteras, where he rendered essential service in landing troops; com. steamer "Pinola," W. Gulf squad., 1862 ; co-operated in bombard, and capture of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and N. Orleans, and in the removal of obstructions in the river previous to the battle ; and at Vicksburg, and engagement with the ram "Arkansas ; " com. iron-clad "Sangamon," 1863; steamer " Florida," 1863-4, in engage ment at MasonboroTnlet,N.C., while destroying four blockade-runners ; com. steamer " Meta- comet" in attack on Mobile, and planned and constructed torpedo drag-nets for BlakelyRiver, and com. " Shamokin," S.A. squadron, 1866-8. Hamersly. Cross, TRUEMAN,CO!., assist.quarterm.-gen. U. S. A., b. Md.; killed by Mex. banditti, near Fort Brown, Apr. 21, 1846. Ensign 42d Inf., Apr. 27, 1814; capt. Sept. 1819; assist, insp.- gen. Oct. 19, 1820; q.-mr. May 22, 1826 ; assist, q.-mr.-gen., rank col., July 7, 1838; chief of q.-mr. s depart, of army of occupation from Oct. 1845 till his death. Author of " Military Laws of the U.S." Gardner. Croswell, ANDREW, clergyman, b Charlestown, Ms., 1709; d. Boston, April 12, 1785. H.U. 1728. Ord. North Groton, Oct. 14, 1736. After having been two years settled in Groton, Ct., he was, Oct. 6, 1748, installed over a society in Boston, formed by persons from other churches. He was much engaged in religious controversy ; wrote a narrative of the new Cong. Church ; a defence of the doc trine of justification, 1746 ; an answer to Giles Firmin s 8 arguments on this subject; severaJ CRO 233 CRT! sermons against Arminians ; controversial writings with Turell, Gumming, and others ; part of an exposition of Paul s journey to Da mascus, 1768 ; remarks on Bishop Warburton s sermon before the Society for Propagating the Gospel, 1768 ; remarks on commencement drol lery, 1771, &c. Clroswell, EDWIN, journalist and politi cian, nephew of Rev. Harry, b. Catskill, N. Y., 29 May, 1797; d. Princeton, N.J., 13 June, 1871. He became assist, editor of the Catskill Recorder, sustaining the War of 1812, and, on the retirement of his father, managed the paper so as to attract the attention of prominent pub lic men. In 1824, he took charge of the Alba ny Argus, which he changed to a daily, and made one of the chief organs of the Democ. party. State printer, 1823-40. He retired from the Argus in 1854. He pub. addresses and other literary productions. Croswell, HARRY, D.D.(Trin.Coll. 1831), clergyman, b. West Hartford, Ct., June 16, 1778; d. New Haven, March 13, 1858. Noah Webster was his schoolmaster. In 1802, he became editor and proprietor of the Balance, a famous Federal newspaper, at Hudson, N.Y. He wrote vigorously and severely of political opponents. An article published in the Wasp, a journal also under his direction, levelled at Jefferson, led to a libel-suit, and the celebrat ed trial in which Hamilton made his last and one of his greatest forensic efforts. Removing to Albany in 1808, he established a Federal paper, and was again prosecuted for libel ; his opponent, Mr. South wick recovering damages. Dissatisfied with politics, Mr. Croswell took deacon s orders in the Pr.-Ep. Church in 1814, preached at Christ Church, Hudson, N.Y., and in 1815 commenced his ministry at Trinity Church, New Haven, which terminated only with his death. He was the author of a me moir of his son Rev. Wm. Croswell, " Rudi ments of the Church," and " Family Prayers." Croswell, WILLIAM, D.D. (Trin. Coll. 1846), Pr.-Ep. clergyman and scholar, son of Dr. Harry, b. Hudson, N.Y., Nov. 7, 1804 ; d. Boston, Nov. 9, 1851. Y. C. 1822. He com menced the study of law at Albany, N.Y., in conjunction with literary labors in 1824, but in 1826 entered the gen. theol. sera, in New York. He pursued his theol. studies at Hart ford, in 1827, under the direction of Bishop Brownell, at the same time editing the Christian Watchman, and indulging his poetic vein in compositions, among the sweetest and most pa thetic in our language. Adm. in the spring of 1 829 to the priesthood ; rector of Christ Church, Boston, 1829-40 ; of St. Peter s, Auburn, N.Y., 1840-44; but in 1844 returned to Boston to taka charge of a new parish, the Church of the Advent, and was involved in a controversy with Bishop Eastburn. A memoir of his life by his father, together with his poems and cor respondence, was pub. in New York, 8vo, 1853. His life was a beautiful example of self- denying charity and religious devotion. Crowe, FREDERICK, clergyman and author, b. Belgium ; d. N.Y. City, Nov. 7, 1858. He was the son of a British subject. Came to Balize about 1838, and established himself as an independent missionary; labored 13 years in disseminating the Scriptures in Spanish Amer., and was the author of a valuable his torical work on Central America. He was expelled from San Salvador, as is said, by the Catholics, because he circulated the Bible, and intended to open a school in San Miguel. After being imprisoned, harassed, and at last driven by mob-violence from the country, he came to N.Y., and soon after died. Crowninshield, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS, sec. navy, Dec. 1814, to Nov. 1818; M.C. 1823-31 ; b. Boston, Dec. 27, 1772; d. there, Feb. 3, 1851 ; State senator, 1811, 22, 23. Cruger, HENRY, jun., politician, b. N.Y. City. 1739; d. there Apr. 24, 1827. Henry, his father, merchant, and member of the as sembly and council of N.Y., went to Eng. for his health, and d. Bristol, Feb. 8, 1780, a. 78. He established himself in trade in Bristol with his father, succeeding him as mayor in 1781. Elected to parliament as the colleague of Burke in 1774, and re-elected in 1784, he advocated upon all occasions a conciliatory course toward his countrymen. He retorted with such sever ity upon Col. Grant, who stated in parliament that the Americans would never dare to face an English army, as to be called to order by the speaker. After the war, he was a merchant in N.Y., and was elected to the State senate while still a member of parliament. A bro., J. H., was a col. in the royal army ; another, a merchant of N.Y., was identified with the Whigs, and a friend of Gen. Washington. Cruger, JOHN, uncle of Henry ; d. N.Y. City, 1791-2, a. 82. Mayor of N.Y/City, 1764 ; speaker of the assembly, 1765; a proposer, and afterward a prominent member, of the first N.Y. Prov. Congress in 1775. The Declaration of Rights issued by that body was written by him. Cruger, LIEUT.-COL. JOHN HARRIS, loyalist, b. N.Y. City, 1738; d. London, June 3, 1807. Nephew of John, and brother of Henry. He succeeded his father Henry as a member of the council, and at the beginning of the Revol. was also chamberlain of N.Y. City. He was a son-in-law of Gen. Delancey, and com. the 1st batt. of his loyalist corps. Captured at a plantation in Belfast, Ga., in June, 1780, but was soon exchanged for Col. John Mclutosh. In Sept. he made a forced march to Augusta to relieve Col. Browne, and arrived most opportunely. His corps formed the British centre at the battle of Eutaw Springs, and was disting. His defence of Ninety-Six, when attacked by Greene in May, 1781, backed by the engineering skill of Kosciusko, and until relieved by Rawdon, earned for him great and just applause. His property was confiscated ; and he went to Eng. after the war. Cruse, PETER HOFFMAN, b. Baltimore, 1793; d. 1832. He edited the Baltimore American several years, and contrib. largely to reviews. Some of his poetry will be found in " The Red Book/ a periodical pub. in Bal timore, 1818-19, by Mr. Cruse and J. P. Ken nedy. AUibone. Cruttenden, DAVID H., b. Saratoga Co., N.Y., 1816. Un. Coll. 1841. Author of a series of " Systematic Arithmetics," " Philos* CTJD 234 CTJM: ophy of Sentential Language ; " " Geography and History combined," &c. Allibone. Cudworth, GEN. JAMES; d.Eng.,1682,a. ab. 70. Son of Rev. Ralph, and bro. of Ralph Cudworth, D.D., author of " The Intellectual Sy&tem of the Universe." He came to Ply mouth in 1634; soon removed to Scituate ; was several years assist, and one of the council of war. He com. the Plymouth troops in Philip s war ; was next in military renown to Standish, and was a brave and prudent officer. Independent in his opinions, and tolerant, he opposed the severe measures against the Quakers, and was therefore unpopular. He went to Eng. as agent for the Colony in 1681, andd. soon after his arrival. Such of his let ters on public business as are still extant afford evidence of a good education. Dep. gov. 1681. Cuflee, PAUL, a philanthropic negro sea- capt., b. on one of the Elizabeth Isles, near N. Bedford, Ms., 1759; d. Sept. 7, 1818. His father, a native of Africa, was once a slave ; his mother was of Indian extraction. A com manding presence, strong common sense, and untiring industry and enterprise, procured him a handsome fortune in seafaring pursuits. He was an esteemed member of the society of Friends. He encouraged the emigration of the free people of color in this country to Sierra Leone. In 1815, he carried thither 38 emigrants, 30 at his own expense, furnishing them, on arrival, with means of subsistence ; spending in this enterprise nearly $4,000. He pub. in 1812 a brief account of the colony of Sierra Leone. Cullum, GEORGE WASHINGTON, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. City, Feb. 25, 1812. West Point, 1833. Entering the engr. corps, he became capt. July 7, 1838; maj. Aug. 6, 1861; lieut.-col. Mar. 3, 1863; col. Mar. 7, 1867. He was employed in the construction of Fort Adams and other works at Newport, R.I. ; from 1838 to 1848, he superintended the erection of Fort Trumbull, and the battery at Fort Griswold, New London, Ct., and from 1846 to 1848 of Forts Warren, Independence, and Winthrop, in Boston harbor. From 1848 to 1855, he was instructor of practical engineer ing at West Point, during which time he spent two years in foreign travel for his health, and in 1853-4 constructed the N.Y. assay office. He was also, in 1848, com. of sappers, miners, and pontoniers in the army. He afterward superintended the construction of the fortifica tions and other public works in N. and S. Carolina, and in 1858 took charge of those at N. Bedford, Newport, N. London, and New York, on the Sound. Early in 1861, he was or lered to Washington ; served as aide-de-camp to Gen. Scott, with the rank of col. Nov. 1, 1861, he was made a brig.-gen. of vols., and app. chief of staff and engrs. to Gen. Halleck, serving through the campaign before Corinth, and accomp. him to Washington. While at the West, he also had com. for some time at Cairo, 111., and in 1861-4 was a member of the U.S. sanitary commiss. ; supt. U.S. military acad., 8 Sept. 1864 to 28 Aug. 1866 ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, services in the Rebellion. Gen. Cullum has pub. a " Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy," 1850 ; " Mill tary Bridges with India-Rubber Pontoons/ 1849, 2d ed., 1863 ; a translation of Duparcq s " Elements of Military Art and History," 1863, and " Biog. Register of the Officers and Grad. of West Point," 2 vols., 1868. Culpepper, JOHN, a surveyor-gen, and political leader in the Carolinas, was a refugee from the Southern or Clarendon colony, and in 1678 headed an insurrection in the Northern or Albemarle colony, in favor of popular lib erty. Under his lead, the people deposed tne pres. and deputies of the proprietaries, seized the public funds, app. new magistrates and judges, called a parliament, and took all the functions of govt. into their own hands. Cul pepper was then sent to Eng. to negotiate a compromise. Indicted for high-treason, he was, through the influence of Shaftesbury, ac quitted ; returned to Carolina, and in 1680 laid out the city of Charleston. Apvleton. Culpepper, THOMAS, Lord, gov. of Va., 1680-3 ; d. 1719. He was one of the grantees of the territory of Va., and in 1669 purchased of his co-grantees their rights between the Rap- pahannock and Potomac Rivers. He had been one of the commissioners for plantations in July, 1675. He was an able but an artful and covetous man. His estate descended to his dau., Lady Fairfax. Returning to Eng. in 1 683, in violation of his orders, he was arrested immediately on his arrival ; and having re ceived presents from the assembly, contrary to his instructions, a jury of Middlesex found that he had forfeited his commission. Culvert, GEORGE, a head chief and war rior of the Choctaw nation, b. 1744; d. Fort Towson, Ark., Nov. 4, 1839; served under Washington in the Revol., and received from him a com. of maj. of militia in the U.S. ser vice, and a sword. He served under Wayne, and also under Jackson, against the Seminoles, in 1814. For his bravery, Jackson presented him with a col s, com., and afterward (during his presidency) with a sword. He educated his sons, and established them on plantations among his people. He was, physically and mentally, a great man. Gumming, ALFRED, brig.-gcn. C.S.A., b. Ga., 1829 ; killed at the battle of Joncsboro , Ga., Sept. 1, 1864. West Point, 1849. Capt. 10th Inf., 20 July, 1856; res. Jan. 19, 1861, and entered rebel army. Gov. of Utah, 1857-61. Gumming, GEN. JOHN NOBLE, Revol. officer; d. Newark, N.J., July 6, 1821, a 69. N.J. Coll. 1774. He was a relative of Rev. Alex. His son, Rev. Hooper Gumming, D.D., minister of Newark, d. Charleston, S.C., Dec. 1825. N.J. Coll. 1805. Gumming, MAJOR-GEN. ROBERT, naval officer of the Revol. ; d. Libertytown, Md., Feb. 14, 1826, a. 70. Gumming, WILLIAM, col., b. Ga., 1788 ; d. Augusta, Ga., Feb. 1863. App. maj. 8th Inf., 25 Mar. 1813; wounded at the battle of Chrystler s Fields, 11 Nov. 1813; adj.-gen., rank of col., 16 Feb. 1814 to 31 Mar. 1815 ; severely wounded at Lundy s Lane ; app. maj.- gen. 3 Mar. 1847, declined. He studied at the Litchf. Law School, but, inheriting a foitune, never practised. He wounded McDuffie in a duel CTJM: 235 CUR CummingS, ASA, D.D. (B.C. 1847), min ister of North Yarmouth, Me., 1821-9; editor of the Christian Mirror, Portland, from 1826 to 1856; b. Andover, Ms., Sept. 29, 1790 ; d. at sea, June 5, 1856, while returning from Pana ma. H.U. 1817. Tutor at Bowd. Coll. 1819- 20 He pub. "Memoirs of Dr. Payson." CummingS, HENRY, D.D. (H.U. 1800), divine, b. Hollis, N.H., Sept. 28, 1739 ; d. Bal timore, Sept. 5, 1823. H. U. 1760. Ord. at Baltimore, Jan. 26, 1763. Many years settled at Billerica, Ms. Fourteen of his occasional discourses were pub. Allen. CummingS, JACOB A., teacher and book seller of Boston, b. Hollis, N.H., Nov. 2, 1772 ; d. Feb. 24, 1820. H. U. 1801. He pub. some elementary school-books, " New-Testament Questions," 1817; "Geography, Ancient and Modern." CummingS, JOSEPH, D.D. , LL.D., pres. of the Wesl. U., Middletown,Ct., b. Falmouth, Me., March 3, 1817. Wesl. U. 1840. He be came prof, of natural science in the Amenia Sem., N.Y., and principal in 1843. He was licensed to preach in 1841 ; in 1846 joined the N. E. conference ; was in 1853 app. prof, of theology in the Meth. gen. biblical institute at Concord,N.H. ; pres. of Geneva College, 1854- 7, and of Wesleyan U. since 1857; D.D. of Wes. U. 1854 ; LL.D. of the North-western U. 1866. Cummins, EBENEZER H., clergyman and author, b. N.C. ; d. Washington, Jan. 17, 1835. Frank. Coll. 1804. He was educated for the bar in Ga.; served in the State legisl.,then entered the marine corps ; afterward studied di vinity, and settled in Baltimore, where he was a magistrate. Author of a " History of the Late War," 8vo, Bait., 1820 ; " Geography of Ala./ 1819. Cummins, FRANCIS, D.D. (U. of Ga. 1820), Presb. clergyman, b. nearShippensburg, Pa., 1752; d. Greenesboro , Ga., 22 Feb. 1832. A. M. of N.J. Coll. 1787. He was a Revol. patriot ; and his name is connected with the celebrated Mecklenburg Declaration of Inde pendence of May, 1775 ; licensed by the pres bytery of Orange, N.C., 15 Dec. 1780; mem ber o f the S.C. convention, to consider the U.S. Constitution in 1778. For 53 years, he was pastor of different churches in S.C. and Ga. Sprague. Cummins, MARIA S., novelist, b. Salem, - Apr. 10, 1827 ; d. Dorchester, Ms., Oct. 1 , 1866. Dau. of Judge David. Author of "Lamp lighter," 1853; " El Fureidis," 1860; "Mabel Vaughan," 1857; "Haunted Hearts," and other novels. She was a contrib. to the Atlan tic Monthly and Young Folks. Her first book attained a sale of 100,000. Cunha Barbosa (Koon -ya bar-bo -sa), JANUARIO DA, Brazilian prelate and states man, b. July 10, 1780 ; d. Feb. 22, 1846. He was chaplain of John VI., and afterward prof, of moral philosophy. Dec. 15, 1821, he estab lished, in conjunction with Ledo, a political journal at Rio de Janeiro, favoring Brazilian independence. After this had been declared, Cunha was, at the instigation of his enemies, arrested Dec. 7, 1822, and banished to France. To repair this injustice, he was app. in 1824 canon of the imperial chapel. In 1826, he be came a member of the assembly. In concert with Gen. Cunha, he founded the Hist, and Geog. Society of Rio de Janeiro. He also ed ited a political journal favorable to the govt., and an agricultural paper. He was also impe rial historiographer, and director of the nation al library. He left a small vol. of poems. Ap- pleton. Cunha Mattos, RAYMUNDE JOSE DA, Brazilian gen. and author, b. Faro, Prov. of Al garve, Nov. 2, 1776; d. March, 1840. He entered the Portuguese army in 1790, served 3 years in the south of France, and 18 years in Africa, then served in Rio Janeiro, and was afterwards acting gov. of St. Thomas. In 1817, he re turned to Brazil, com. the art. of Pernambu- co, and subsequently governed the province of Goyaz. He pub. a work on the interior of Brazil, in 1836. Removing to Rio de Janeiro in 1826, he was elected to the legisl.; directed the military acad. of Rio in 1832, and was soon after made com.-in-chief of the Brazilian army. He was sec. for life of the Industrial Aid Society, and one of the founders, and for several years vice-pres., of the Hist. Society of Rio de Janeiro. Cunningham, GEN. ROBERT, loyalist; d. Nassau, New Providence, 1813, a. 74. In 1769, he settled in the dist. of Ninety-Six, and be came a judge ; imprisoned by the Whigs in Charleston, in 1775-July, 1776; made a brig.- gen. of loyalists in 1780, and placed in com. of a garrison in S.C. He removed to Nassau, N.P. The British Govt. compensated him for his losses, and gave him an annuity. Cunningham, WILLIAM, prov.-marshal of the British army in New York during the Revol. war, was executed for forgery at London Dock, Aug. 10, 1791. (See his con fession in Ms. Centinel, Feb. 15, 1792.) Of the prisoners under his care, 2,000 were starved to death, and more than 250 were privately hung without ceremony. Curry, DANIEL, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1852), clergyman and author, b. near Peekskill, N.Y., Nov. 26, 1809. Wesl. U., Ct., 1837. Princi pal of the Troy Conference Acad., 1837. In 1839 he removed to Ga., where he was sta tioned successively at Athens, Savannah, and Columbus. He entered the N.Y. Conference in 1844. After having been stationed in the cities of N.Y., N. Haven, Brooklyn, and Hart ford, he was, in 1854-7, pres. of the Indiana Asbury U. Returning to Brooklyn, he was, in 1858, pastor of the church in Middletown, and in 1862, at 37th St., N.Y. City. He has contrib. to the magazines of the day. Author of "Life of Wycliffe, and " Metropolitan City of America." He has also edited Southey r s "Life of Wesley." Ed. of the Christian Ad vocate since 1864. Curry, JABEZ LAFAYETTE MONROE, politician, b. Lincoln Co., Ga., June 5, 1825 ; removed in 1838, with his family, toTalladega Co., Ala. U. of Ga. 1843 ; H.U. Law School in 1845, and became a disting. lawyer. Mem ber of the Ala. H. of representatives in 1847, 53, and 55; and in 1857-61, M.C., distin- guishing himself as a debater. Jan. 7, 1861, he joined the other representatives of Ala. at OUR 236 Washington in advising the immediate seces sion of the State. He was a member of the Confed. Congress. After the war, he became a Baptist preacher, and pres. of Howard Coll., Ala., in 1865. Curtin, ANDREW GREGG, statesman, b. Bellefonte, Pa., Apr. 22, 1817. Adm. to the bar in 1839, and practised at Bellefonte. He canvassed the State for Clay in 1844, and for Taylor in 1848. From 1855 to 1858, he was sec. of state, and supt. of common schools for Pa. In 1 860, he was elected gov. by the Repub. party. When the civil war broke out in 1861, he was zealous in organizing troops, and in May, 1861, in a message to the legisl., advised the establishment of a reserve-corps, which ren dered important service to the country. He was re-elected in 1863, and was one of the lead ing spirits among the loyal govs. of the North ern States during the civil war. He was active in the election of Gen. Grant, who app. him minister to Russia in Apr. 69. Res. Aug. 72. Curtis, ALVA, M.D., b. N.H., 1797. Edit ed Physico-Med. Recorder 20 years in Cincin. Author of " Medical Discussions," 12mo, 1833 ; " Lectures on Obstetrics," 8vo, 1838 ; " Theory "*"* Practice of Medicine," 8vo, 1842, repub. and in Eng. ; " Medical Criticisms," 1856. Al- libone. Curtis, BENJAMIN ROBBINS, LL.D. (H.U. 1852), jurist, b. Watertown, Ms., Nov. 4, 1809. H.U. 1829. Adm. to the bar in 1832, he com menced practice atNorthfield, Ms., but in 1834 removed to Boston, where he took high rank. App. to the bench of the U.S. Supreme Court in Sept. 1851, he resigned in the autumn of 1857, and has since practised his profession in Boston. He was two years in the Ms. H. of representatives. In Mar. 1868, he was one of the counsel for Pres. Johnson before the Court of Impeachment. Author of" Reports of U.S. Circuit Court," 2 vols., 1857 ; "Decisions of the U.S. Sup. Court," 22 vols. ; "Digest " of the same to 1 854; d. Newport, R. I., Sep. 15, 1874. Curtis, GEORGE TICKNOR, jurist and author, bro. of B. R. Curtis, b. Watertown, Ms., Nov. 28, 1812. H.U. 1832. Adm. to the Suffolk bar, Aug. 1836, and representative in 1840-4. Mr. Curtis has pub. "Rights and Duties of Merchant Seamen," " Digest of the Decisions of the Courts of Common Law and Admiralty," 2 vols. ; also of " Cases in the Amer. and English Courts of Admiralty," " American Conveyancer," " Treatise on the Law of Patents," "Equity Precedents," a ract, entitled " The Rights of Conscience and Property," a treatise on the "Law of Copyright," and a "Life of Daniel Webster," 2 vols., 8vo. He has also delivered a course of 12 lectures on the History of the U.S. Con stitution. In 1854-8, he pub. " Commentaries on the Jurisprudence, Practice, and Peculiar Jurisdiction, of the Courts of the U.S." His best known work is a " History of the Origin, Formation, and Adoption of the Constitution of the U.S.," 2 vols., 1855-8. Curtis, GEORGE WILLIAM, author, b. Providence, R.I., Feb. 24, 1824. His mother, was a dau. of Senator Burrill of R.I. He re ceived his early education at Jamaica Plain, Ms. When he was 15, his father removed to N.Y., where he was cne year in a counting house. In 1 842, he went with his elder brother to reside with the Brook Farm Assoc., where he remained 18 months, and also spent a similar period in Concord, Ms., engaged in agriculture and study, and enjoying the society of Emer son and Hawthorne. In 1846, he went to Europe, and, after a year in Italy, entered the U.of Berlin, witnessing the revol. scenesof 1848. The 2 following years he spent chiefly in travel in Europe, Egypt, and Syria. He returned to the U.S. in 1850. Joining the editorial staff of the N. Y. Tribune, a series of letters to that journal afterwards appeared, entitled "Lotus Eating." He was one of the original editors of Putnam s Monthly, and, in the attempt to save its creditors from loss by the failure of the pub lishers, sunk his entire private fortune. As a lyceum lecturer since 1853, he has met with great success. In the presidential canvass of 1856, he enlisted with great zeal as a public speaker on behalf of the Repub, party. He has delivered several poems and orations before literary bodies. In the winter of 1858, he ad vocated the rights of women in a lecture en titled " Fair Play for Women." He has contrib. to, and for many years edited, Harper s Monthly, and since 1857 Harper s Weekly. Author of " The Potiphar Papers," a series of satiric sketches of society ; " Trumps," a novel ; " Nile-Notes of a Howadji," 1850 ; " Howadji, in Syria," 1852; " Prue and I," 1856. He edited A. J. Downing s " Rural Essays," with a memoir. Curtis, SAMUEL RYAN, maj.-gen. vols., b. O., Feb. 3, 1807; d. Council Bluffs, la., Dec. 25, 1 866. West Point, 1 83 1 . His family was from Ct. Resigning from the army in 1832, he studied and practised law, and was in 1837-40 engr. of the Muskingum Works. As col. 2d O. vols., he served under Taylor, and as assist adj. -gen. to Gen. Wool in the Mexican war, and was for a time gov. of Saltillo, Mex. He was afterward engaged in engineering at the West ; settled as a lawyer at Keokuk, la., in 1855, and was M.C. in 1857-61. Here he was identified with the Repub. party and with the Pacific Railroad project. Member of the peace congress, 1861. When the Rebellion broke out, he became col. 2d la. vols. ; app. brig.-gen. May 17, 1861, and maj.-gen. Mar. 21, 1862. He com. the army operating in S. W. Mo., and gained the victory of Pea Ridge over Price and McCulloch, Mar. 6-8, 1862. He was in com. at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., during the Price raid in Oct. 1864, and co-operated in the pursuit and defeat of Price s army. U.S. commis. to treat with the Sioux, Cheyennes, and other Indian tribes, Aug.-Nov. 1865, and to examine the Union Pacific Railroad, Nov. 1865 to Apr. 1866. Curtiss, ABBY ALLIN, poet, b. Pomfret, Ct., 15 Sept. 1820. Daniel Allin, her father, was a sea-captain of Providence, R.I. Her first piece, " Take me Home to Die," app. in Neal s Gazette in 1846. In Sept. 1852, she m. Daniel S. Curtiss, farmer-editor of Chicago, and resides at Madison, Wis. Author of "Home Ballads," Boston, 1850. Poets ana Poetry of the West. Curwen, SAMUEL, a merchant and loyalist^ eus 237 cus b. Salem, Ms., Dec. 28, 1715; d. there Apr. 9, 1 fe02. Son of Rev. George. He was educated for the ministry, but engaged in commercial pur suits in Salem, and in the winter of 1 744-5 was a capt. in Pepperell s successful exped. against Louisburg. In 1759, Mr. Curwen was app. im post officer for Essex Co., and in 1775 was judge of the Admiralty Court. He left his country in May, 1775, and resided abroad un til the autumn of 1784, when he returned to his native town. His Journal and Letters were pub. in 1842, with notices of his fellow-loyal ists, by the editor, Geo. A. Ward of N. Y. Gushing, CALEB, LL.D. (H. U. 1852), politician, orator, and jurist, b. Salisbury, Ms., Jan. 17, 1800. H. U. 1817. His father ac quired a handsome fortune in the shipping business. He studied law at Cambridge ; was tutor of mathematics and natural philos. two years, and then removed to Newburyport to practise law. In 1825-6, he served in the State legisl., and in 1829 visited Europe, publishing, on his return, " Reminiscences of Spain," and " Review of the Revol. in France." He also wrote for the N. Amer. Review, mainly on his torical and legal subjects. In 1833-4*, he was again elected to the legisl., and was M. C. from 1835 to 1843. During the administration of Tyler, Mr. Gushing was one of the few Whigs who sustained^ the course of that Pres. in aban doning his political friends ; since which, he has been connected with the Democ. party. App. by Pres. Tyler commissioner to China in 1843, he negotiated an important treaty in 1844. Re turning to Newburyport in 1846, he was again elected to the legisl., in which he was the most prominent member. He advocated the policy of the Mexican war, advanced the money from his own means for equipping the Ms. regt., of which he was chosen col., accomp. it to the Rio Grande in the spring of 1847, and April 14, 1 847, was app. a brig.-gen. While in Mexico, in 1847, he was the Democ. candidate for gov. of Ms., and was defeated. In 1850, he was a 5th time elected to the legisl., and was mayor of Newburyport ; in 1852 was made a justice of the State Supreme Court; was atty.-gen. under Pres. Pierce, 1853-7, and, on his return home was again re-elected to the legisl., remain ing until 1860. In 1860, he was pres. of the Democ. convention at Charleston, S. C. In July, 1866, he was app. one of three to re vise and codify the laws of the U. S. His lit erary, historical, and political productions, as well as his orations and addresses, have been very numerous. He delivered a poem before the Phi Beta Kappa Society in 1819, and an oration on the Durability of the Federal Union, on taking his degree. In 1826, he pub. a " His tory of Newburyport," and a treatise on " The Practical Principles of Political Economy;" " Growth and Territorial Progress of the U. S.," 8vo, 1839; "Life of Wm. H. Harri son," Boston, 12mo, 1840. Gushing, JONATHAN PETER, pres. of Hamp. Sid. Coll., 1821-35, b. Rochester, N.H., March. 12, 1793 ; d. Raleigh, N.C., April 25, 1835. Dartm. Coll. 1817. He purchased with the proceeds of his overwork, as an apprentice, the remainder of his time, and entered Phil lips (Exeter) Acad., where, by working at his trade a portion of the time each day, and by school-keeping, he paid his expenses, and went through college. To restore his health, he went South ; became a tutor in Hamp. Sid. Coll. in Nov. 1817 ; prof, of chemistry and nat ural philos., 1819-21. This institution, then disorganized and broken down, was, by his ex ertions built up and placed high in rank among kindred institutions. The labor and responsi bility of the enterprise exhausted his strength, and hastened his death. Gushing, LUTHER STEARNS, jurist, b. Lu- nenburg, June 22, 1803; d. Boston, June 22, 1856. Camb. Law School, 1826. He for some years conducted The Jurist and Law. Magazine in Boston ; was clerk of the house from 1832 to 1844; representative in 1844; judge of C.C.P., 1844 to 1848, and subsequently reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court. In 1845, he pub. a " Manual of Parliamentary Practice ; " " Elements of the Law and Practice of Legis lative Assemblies," 1855; 12 vols. Ms. Sup. Court Reports; "Introd. to the Study of Roman Law," 1854; and " Rules of Proceeding and Debates in Deliberative Assemblies," 1854. He transl. "Pothier on Contracts," 1839. Gushing, NATHAN, jurist, b. Sept. 24, 1742 ; d. Scituate, Ms., Nov. 3, 1812. H. U. 1763. Counsellor, and judge Ms. Sup. Court, 1800-12. Gushing, COL. NATHANIEL, Revol. officer, b. Pembroke, Ms., Apr. 8, 1753 ; d. Marietta, O., Aug. 1814. Lieut, in Brewer s regt. in July, 1775; capt. in R. Putnam s regt. from 1777 to the close of the war ; was in many ac tions ; surprised Col. Delancey s loyalist corps in May, 1780, and brev. major in 1782. Emi grated to Belpre, Ohio, in 1789. Gushing, THOMAS, LL.D. (H. U. 1785), Revol. statesman, b. Boston, Mar. 24, 1725; d. Feb. 28, 1788. H. U. 1744. Son of Thos., speaker of the H. from 1742 to his d., 11 Apr. 1746. Many years a representative from Bos ton ; and when Otis, who had been chosen speaker, was negatived by the gov., he was elected in his place, filling it until 1774, when he was a member of the Prov. Congress, and of the Congress which met at Phila. On his return, he was elected to the council ; was com missary-gen, in 1775; judge of the C. C. P., and of Probate in Suffolk Co., in 1777 ; declined a seat in the Cont. Congress in 1779, and was lieut.-gov. of Ms. from 1780 until his death, and acting gov. in 1785. His signature being affixed to all public papers, as speaker of the house, caused him to be regarded in Great Bri tain as the leader of the Whigs in this country. Dr. Johnson, in his "Taxation no Tyran ny," says, " One object of the Americans is said to be to adorn the brows of Mr. Cushing with a diadem." He was the devoted friend and counsellor of Hancock, and the friend and corresp. of Franklin, from whom he received the letters of Hutchinson and others, that pro duced so great an effect at the time. He was a commissioner of the Society in London for Propagating the Gospel in N. E., and one of the founders of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. He was moderate and conciliatory in character, and possessed great influence. Gushing, THOMAS HUMPHREY, brig.-gen. CTJS 238 CTJS U.S.A., b. 1755; d. N. London, Ct., Oct. 19, 1822. With his bro. Nathaniel, he served through the Revol. war, and was a sergeant under him in Arnold s naval battle on Lake Champlain ; was app. capt. 2d Inf., March 4, 1791; maj. 1st sub. legion, March 3, 1793; insp. Feb. 24, 1797; adj. and insp. April 1, 1802 ; lieut.-col. 2d Inf. ; col. Sept. 7, 1805 ; adj.-gen. and brig.-gen. July, 1812; app. col lector of New London, Jan. 1816. He fought a duel with Mr. Lewis, M. C. from Va., in which his life was saved by his watch, which was struck by his adversary s ball. An account of his trial by court-martial was pub. in 1812. Gushing, THOMAS PARKMAN, a public- spirited merchant of Boston, b. Ashburnham, Ms., 1787; d. Boston, Nov. 23, 1854. By his will, he bequeathed the bulk of his fortune, supposed to amount to $150,000, for the main tenance of 2 schools in his native town. Gushing, WILLIAM, LL.D. (H.U. 1785), jurist, b. Scituate, March 1, 1732; d. there Sept. 13, 1810. H.U. 1751. He was the de scendant of Matthew of Boston, 1638, whose grandson John, judge of the Supreme Court in 1728, d. Scituate, Jan. 19, 1737, a. 75. His father John, also a judge of the Supreme Court, d. 1772 ; was one of the presiding judges at the trial of the Brit, soldiers for the massacre at Boston, March 5, 1770. He studied law with J. Gridley ; was atty.-gen. of Ms. ; judge of Probate, Pownalboro , Lincoln Co., Me., 1768; judge of the Ms. Superior Court, 1772; chief-justice, 1777; judge of the Supreme Ju dicial Court, 1782, and at the beginning of the Revol., alone among the high in office, sup ported the rights of his country. First chief- justice of the State under the constitution of 1780; asso. justice U.S. Supreme Court, Sept. 27, 1 789 ; he was, in 1 796, nominated by Wash ington chief-justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, which honor he declined. In 1788, he was vice-pres. of the Ms. convention ; was a found er and member of the Am. Acad. of Arts and Sciences in 1780. He was an eloquent speaker, and invincible at town-meetings. Gushing, WILLIAM B., lieut.-com. U.S.N., b. Wis., Nov. 24, 1842. App. from N.Y., Sept. 24, 1857 ; resigned, Mar. 23, 1861 ; re-app. act ing officer, 1861 ; lieut. July 16, 1862 ; lieut.- com. Oct. 22, 1864. There was not a year during the war that Lieut. C. did not disting. himself by some perilous adventure. Nov. 23, 1 862, he was ordered in the steamer " Ellis " to capture Jacksonville, and destroy salt-works, if any, in New River Inlet. After performing this duty successfully," The Ellis " got aground. Lieut. Cushing fired her, and escaped in a small boat, receiving special commendation for his coolness, courage, and conduct in this af fair. For his daring exploit on the night of Oct. 27, 1864, in blowing up the rebel ram " Albemarle," at Plymouth, tie received a vote of thanks from Congress, and a complimen tary letter from the sec. of the navy. In this affair his boat was sunk ; and Lieut. Cushing escaped by swimming ashore, and making use ot a picket-boat belonging to the rebels, with which he reached the fleet. He com. the steamer "Maumee," Asiatic squadron, 1868-9; d. Washington, D. C., Dec. 17, 1374. Cushman, CHARLOTTE SAUNDERS, an eminent actress, b. Boston, July 23, 1816. At the age of 12, she contributed to the support of her family by her fine voice ; and she was advised by the celebrated Mrs. Wood to culti vate it for the stage. April 18, 1835, she made her cfcbut at the Tremont Theatre, Boston, as the countess in " The Marriage of Figaro." Accepting an engagement at N. Orleans, her voice failed her. Determining to become an actress, under the tuition of Mr. Barton, she studied the part _ of Lady Macbeth, in which she appeared with complete success. She played for 3 years to large audiences at the Bowery and at the Park, N.Y., in a great vari ety of parts, and brought out her younger sis ter Susan, taking herself the chief male parts ; and for one season, in Phila., they pla}-ed all the principal characters. She afterwards directed one of the Phila. theatres, until invited by Mr. Macready, in 1844, to accompany him on a professional tour in the Northern States, in the course of which she played with success the higher range of tragic parts. In 1845, she ap peared at the Princess s Theatre, Lond., as Bi- anca in "Fazio." Her reception was enthusi astic ; and for 84 nights she appeared in a vari ety of characters. With her sister, she acted for several years at the Haymarket Theatre, Lond., and in the chief provincial towns. In 1849, she revisited the U.S., and played Meg Merrilies in " Guy Mannering." She has since played both in Eng. and Amer. Her sister Susan was m. in March, 1848, to Dr. James S. Muspratt of Liverpool ; d. Boston, Feb. 18/76. Cushman, HENRY WYLES, lieut.-gov. of Ms., 1 851-2, b.Bernardston, Ms., 9 Aug. 1805 ; d. there 21 Nov. 1863. Descended from Rob ert. He studied at the Norwich Milit. Acad. ; was a member of the legisl. in 1837, 39, 40, and 44, and of the Const. Conv., 1853. He held many public and private trusts, and was a member of the N.E. H. and G. Soc., and many years pres. of the Franklin Co. Agric. Soc. Author of the Cushman Genealogy, 1855. He had nearly completed a Hist, of Bernardston, at the time of his d. See Geneal. Register, 1864. Cushman, ROBERT, one of the founders of Plymouth Colony, b. Eng. ab. 1580; d. 1625. He joined the nonconformists at Ley- den, and in 1617 was sent by them to Lond., with John Carver, to negotiate with the Va. Company for leave to settle within their do main in Amer., and to petition King James for " liberty of conscience there." Sent again in 1619, with Wm. Brewster, a patent was fi nally obtained. He made a 4th journey to Lond. in 1620, with Carver and Martin, pro cured " The Mayflower," a pilot, &c., and sailed in her as " assistant gov." from Southampton, Aug. 5, 1620, in company with " The Speed well." The latter, proving unseaworthy, re turned ; and Mr. Cushman took charge of those who remained, and followed in the next vessel, " The Fortune," reaching New Plymouth, Nov. 9, 1621. Dec. 12, he preached the first sermon in Amer. that was printed, " On the Sin and Danger of Self-love." This sermon, with a Me moir of Cushman by John Davis, was re-pub. Plymouth, 1785. He sailed for Eng. the next CTJS 239 CUT day, bur was captured by the French, plundered, and detained 2 weeks on their coast. After his arrival, he wrote and pub. an eloquent vindi cation of the colonial enterprise, and an appeal for Christian missions to the Amer. Indians. He continued in Lond. as agent for the Colo nists. In 1623, he, with Edward Winslow, pro cured from Lord Sheffield a charter for terri tory on Cape Ann. Ouster, GEORGE A., brev.maj.-gen.U.S.A., b. New Rumley, O., Dec. 5, 1 839. West Point, 1861. Entering the second cav., he served in the Potomac Army ; was aide to McClellan, and engaged at Yorktown, So. Mountain, and An- tietam, and Stoneman s raid ; was aide to Gen. Pleascnton ; brig.-gen. of vols. 29 June, 1863 ; held with his cav. brigade the right of the line at Gettysburg ; com. a brigade of the cav. rorps in the Richmond campaign, Apr. to Aug. 1864 ; and of the 3d div. cav. corps in Shenan- doah Valley, Oct. 64 to Mar. 65. He routed the rebel rear-guard at Falling Waters ; at Winchester, he captured 9 battle-flags, and more men than he had engaged; rendered most important service at Fisher s Hill ; brev. maj.-gen. for conduct at Cedar Creek; routed Gen. Rosser, Oct. 9, 1864 ; and at Waynesboro captured the remnant of Early s army, ab. 18,- 000 strong, in Feb. 1865. In the battles of the campaign ending in the surrender of Lee, Cus- ter com. a cav. division, and bore a most im portant part; disting. himself at Dinwiddie C. H., at Five Forks, Sailor Creek, and finally at Appomattox C. H., and Apr. 15, 1865, was made maj.-gen. of vols. He never lost a gun or a color, captured more guns, flags, and pris oners than any other general not an army commander, and was exceptionally fortunate in his career. Lieut.-col. 7th cav. 28 July, 1866; brev.-maj. for Gettysburg; lieut.-col. for Yellow Tavern, Va., 11 May, 1864; col. for Winchester, 19 Sept. 1864; brig.-gen. for Five Forks, and maj.-gen. U.S.A., for services end ing in Lee s surrender; Killed June 25, 1876. Custine (kus -ten ), ADAM PHILIP, COUNT DE, a French gen., b. Metz, Feb. 4, 1742; guillotined at Paris, Aug. 29, 1793. After serving as capt. in the Seven-Years War under the Great Frederick, he obtained, through the influence of Choiseul, a regt. of dragoons in 1 762, which was called by his name ; but in 1780 he exchanged this for the regt. Saintonge. Was quar -master-gen, of the French forces" in Amer. in 1780-3, and was present at the sur render at Yorktown. On his return, in 1783, he was made mare chal-de-camp, and gov. of Tou lon. In 1789, he was dep. of the nobility of Metz, and was one of the first who declared for the popular party. He afterwards com. the army of the north; received in June, 1792, the com. of the army of the Lower Rhine, and after some successes took com. of the northern army, in May, 1793, from which, however, he was "soon recalled by the committee of safety, and placed at the bar of the revol. tribunal, which, spite of a spirited defence, having de termined upon his death, condemned him. Custis, GEORGE WASHINGTON PARKE, the last of Washington s family, b. Apr. 30, 1781 ; d. Arlington, Oct. 10, 1857. His father, Col. John Parke Custis, the son of Mrs. Washington, was aide-de-camp tc Washington at the siege of Yorktown, and d. Nov. 5, 1781, a. 28. The son had his early home at Mount Vernon, pursued his classical studies at Prince ton, and, having built " Arlington House," de voted himself to literature and agriculture. This estate, which came to him under the will of Washington, passed, at his death, to R. E. Lee, who m. his only dau. Mr. Custis wrote some orations and plays, and executed some paintings of Revol. battles. He was in his early days an eloquent and effective speaker, and was well known for his generous hospital ity. His Recoils, of Washington, with a me moir of the author, by his dau., was pub., with notes by B. J. Lossing, 8vo, 1860. Cutbush, JAMES, b. Pa. Pyrotechnist, prof, of chemistry, at West Point; d. there Dec. 15, 1823. He pub. the "Useful Cabinet," 1808; " Philos. of Experimental Chemistry," 2 vols., 1813; "Treatise on Pyrotechnics," Phila., 1825; app. apothec.-gen. U.S.A., 12. Aug. 1814 ; post-surgeon at W. Point, 1820-1. Cutler, BENJAMIN CLARKE, D. D. (Col. Coll. 1836), b. Roxbury, Ms., 6 Feb. 1798 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., lOFeb. 1863. Brown U. 1822. Ord. in Nov. 1822; was settled in Quincy 7 years ; spent the winter of 1830 in Savannah, was rector of Leesburg parish ab. a year ; in 1832 took charge of the first city mission of the Ep. Church in N.Y. ; rector of St. Ann s, Brooklyn, from Apr. 1833, to his d. Has pub. " Century Sermon, Christ Church, Quincy, Ms., 1828;" "21 Parochial Sermons," Phila., 12mo, 1857; also many other discourses, ser mons, tracts, &c. See Memoir by Rev. Horatio Gray, 1864. Cutler, ENOS, col. U.S.A., b. Brookfield, Ms., Nov. 1, 1781; d. Salem, Julv 14, 1860. B.U. 1800. Tutor there one year. "He studied law, settled in Cincinnati ; app. lieut. 7th Inf., 1808; capt. Sept. 1810; assist, adj. -gen. Feb. 15, 1813;assist, insp.-gen. Mar. 18, 1813; maj.38th Inf., May 1, 1814; lieut.-col. 3d, Apr. 28, 1826; col. 4th Inf., Sept. 21, 1836; res. Nov. 30, 1839. He saw service in the War of 1812, in the first Seminole campaign with Gen. Jack son, and in the Creek war. Cutler, JERVIS, a Western pioneer, b. Ed- gartown, Ms., Sept. 19, 1768; d. Evansville, Ind., June 25, 1844. Son of Manasseh Cutler, LL.D. One of the band of emigrants from Ms., under Gen. Rufus Putnam, who in 1788 settled Marietta. He was an officer of the Ohio militia, and also of the regular army. In 1823, he settled as an engraver in Nashvilfe, Tenn., and in 1841 at Evansville. He pub. in 1812 "A Topographical Description of the Western Country, with an Account of tho In dian Tribes." Cutler, LYSANDER, maj.-gen. U.S. vols., b. Me., ab. 1806 ; d. Milwaukee, Wis., July 30, 1866. In 1861, he took com. of the 6th Wis. regt., which he made one of the best in the ser vice. While commanding the " Iron Brigade " of the Potomac Army, by his faithfulness and gallantry he won the grade of brigadier, and afterward of maj.-gen., proving himself an excellent leader both of brigade and division, and was twice wounded. Cutler, MANASSEH, LL.D. (Y. C. 1791), CUT 240 CITY clergvman and botanist, b. Killingly, Ct., May 3, 1742 ; d. Hamilton, Ms., July 28, 1823. Y.C. 1765. He engaged in the whaling-business; then opened a store in Edgartown ; was adm. to the bar in 1767, but removed to Dedham ; studied theology; was licensed in 1770, and Sept. 11, 1771, was ord. minister of Hamilton. In Sept. 1776, he became chaplain of Col. Fran cis s regt., taking part in the action inR.L, Aug. 28, 1778, receiving for his bravery the gift of a fine horse from his col. He also studied and practised medicine, and became noted for his scientific attainments. Made a member of the Amer. Academy in 1781 : the vol. of its me moirs for 1785 contains several of his scientific papers. His botanical paper was the first at tempt at a scientific description of the plants of N. E. With Dr. Peck s assistance, he pre pared the chapter on trees and plants in "Bel- knap s History of N. H." In 1784, he became a member of the Philos. Society of Phila. In 1 787, as-agent for the Ohio comp., he purchased from Congress 1,500,000 acres of land N.W. of the Ohio River. Dr. Cutler started the first company of emigrants to that region, who be gan the settlement of Marietta, Apr. 7, 1788. He himself travelled thither in a sulky, accom plishing the 750 miles in 29 days. He returned with his family to N. E. in 1790. Washington, in 1 795, app. him a judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio Terr. ; but he declined. He was after ward a member of the Ms. legisl., and M. C. from 1800 to 1804. Author of a Century Dis course at Hamilton, 27 Oct. 1814. Cutler, TIMOTHY, DD. (Oxf. 1723), pres. of Y. C., 1719-22, b. 1684 ; d. Boston, Ms., Aug. .17, 1765. H. U. 1701. Ord. Jan. 11, 1 709, at Stratford, Ct. In 1 722, he renounced his connection with the Cong, churches, went to Eng., took orders, returned to Boston, and was rector of Christ Church from Dec. 29, 1723, till his death. He pub. a sermon before the General Court at N. Haven in 1717, and one on the death of Thomas Graves, 1757. A se ries of his letters in Nichols s " Illustrations of Literary History " have considerable historical value.- "He was," says Pres. Stiles, " a good logician, geographer, and rhetorician," and was a man of extensive reading, and of a command ing presence and dignity. Cutt, JOHN, pres. of the Province of N.H., b. Wales ; d. Mar. 27, 1681. He came to this country, with his bros. Robert and Richard, previous to 1646; settled as a merchant in Portsmouth, N.H., became also a farmer and mill-owner, and acquired by industry and probi ty a large property. He was a deputy to the Gen. Court during the union with Ms., and was one of the committee of Portsmouth app. under the jurisdiction of Ms., and against the claims of Mason. He was app. pres. in 1679. Hisbro. RICHARD settled at the Shoals, and carried on fishing, but removed to Portsmouth, all the northerly part of which was owned by himself, his bro. John, and two others. ROBERT settled in Kittery, where he was a noted ship-builder. From these brothers are descended all the CCTTS families on both sides the Piscataqna. Cutter, AMMI RUHAMAH, M. D. (H. U. 1792), physician, b N. Yarmouth, Me., Mar. 4, 1735; d. Portsmouth, N.H., Dec. 8, 1819. H.U. 1752. His father, a clergyman (li .U 1725), was at the time of his death chaplain of a N.E. regt. at the siege of Louisburg, 1745. He studied physic with Dr. Clement Jackson of Portsmouth; was surgeon to Col. Robert Rogers s rangers until disbanded, and in 1758 was surgeon of the N.H. troops in the successful exped. against Louisburg. On his return, he m., and soon obtained a very ex tensive practice. He was a decided Whig. and was physician-gen, of the eastern dept. ; stationed at Fishkill from Apr. 1777, until the beginning of 1778, when he resumed prac tise at Portsmouth. He was a delegate to the N.H. Const. Conv. ; was long pres. of the N.H. Med. Society. Thadier. Cutter, GEORGE W., poet, b. Ms.; d. Washington, D.C., 24 Dec. 1865. He prac tised law successfully in Ky. until 1845; was a capt. in McKee s Ky. Vols. in the Mexican war; was at one time a member of the Ind. legisl., and was a clerk in the treasury dept. during Fillmore s administration. Among his best pieces are, " E Pluribns Unum," and the " Song of Steam." Author of "Poems, Na tional, and Patriotic," 8vo., Phila., 1857 ; " Song of Steam and Other Poems," Cincin. 1 2mo. Poets and Poetry of the West. Cutting, FRANCIS BROCKIIOLST, an emi nent commercial lawyer of N.Y. M.C. in 1853-5, b. N.Y. City, 1805; d. there 26 June. 1870. Col. Coll. 1825. Grandson of Leon ard, Pr.-Ep. rector, of St. George s Church, Hempstead, L.I., 1766-84 ; d. 1794, a. 69. In the N.Y. legisl., he rendered efficient service to the Democ. party in 1836-7. He refused to follow the lead of the South while in Congress, and had a personal difficulty with J. C. Breck- inridge/ In 1861, he became a "war Demo crat," and did good service in securing the re election of Pres. Lincoln. Leading counsel in nearlv all important commercial questions in N.Y. in 1840-55. Cutting, JAMES A., inventor; d. July, 1867, in the Lunatic Asylum, Worcester, Ms. Early in life, he resided in Havcrhill, and gained some money by the patent for a bee hive. He went to Boston, learned the art of daguerrotyping, and invented the process of making ambrotypes, for which he received a large sum. He* established an Aquarinl Gar den in Boston. CuttS, RICHARD, politician, b. Saco, Me., June 28, 1771 ; d. Washington, Apr. 7, 1845. H.U. 1 790. He studied law ; engaged in com merce and politics ; was captain of a merchant man ; visited Europe ; was 2 years in the Ms. legisl. ; M.C. in 1801-13 ; supt. gen. of mili tary supplies in 1813-17, and, from 1817 to 1829, second corflpt. U.S. treasury. In Con gress, he supported efficiently the administra tions of Jefferson and Madison, voting for the war with Eng., although it would necessarily prove ruinous to his private fortune, consist ing principally in ships. Cuyler, SIR CORNELIUS, hart., a Brit. gen., b. Albany, N.Y. ; d. St. John s Lodge, Herts, Eng., March 8, 1819. Bart. Oct. 29, 1814. In May, 1759, ho joined as ensign the 55th Foot, and was at the reduction of Ticon- deroga in 1759, and of Montreal in 1760- CTJY 241 capt. 46th, May 9, 1764; first A.D.C. to Gen. Sir W. Howe from July, 1775, to Jan. 15, 1776, when he was made maj. 55th. He con tinued first aide to Gen. Howe; was at the battles of Long Island, Brandywine, and Ger man town ; lieut.-col. Nov. 16, 1777; com. his regt. at Mon mouth ; was at the reduction of St. Lucie in 1779 ; adj. -gen. to the army in the W. Indies in 1781 ; col. Nov. 20, 1782 ; Q. M. G. W. Indies, 1787-92; com. the forces there in 1792-3; captured Tobago, April 15, 1793 ; maj. -gen. Oct. 12, 1793; lieut.-gen. 1798; pen. 1803 ; gov. of Kinsale, and col. 69th, at the time of his death. Philipart ; Sabine. Cuyler, CORNELIUS C., D.D. (Un. Coll. 1828), Presb. clergyman, b. Albany, N.Y., Feb. 15, 1783 ; d. Phila., Aug. 31, 1850. Un. Coll. 1806. His ancestors came from Leyden to N.Y. ab. 1650. His mother was a sister of Chief-Justice Yates. Ord. Jan. 2, 1809, over the Dutch Church of Poughkeepsie ; 14 Jan. 1834, he took charge of the 2d Presb. Church, Phila. ; sided with the " old school " in the split of that denomination; exercised a con trolling influence over the deliberations of that party, acting as pres. of the convention of 1837, which defined its doctrine and policy. He was many years pres. of the board of trus tees of Jeff. Med. Coll. Author of " The Signs of the Times," 12mo, Phila., and occa sional sermons. Sprague. Dablon, CLAUDE, superior of the Jesuit missions on the Upper Lakes, and a friend and companion of Father Marquette ; labored principally at the Saute Ste. Marie, and at the head of Green Bay. He took part in the ex- peds. for the survey of Lake Superior, which resulted in a valuable and curious map of that region, and statements concerning its copper- mines. An account of his labors is in the Jesuit Relation of 1671, repub. N.Y., 1860. Dabney, RICHARD, a self-taught scholar, b. Louisa Co., Va., ab. 1787; d. Nov. 1825. He was an assist, teacher at Richmond, and in Dec. 1811, barely escaped with life from the burning theatre there. In 1812, he pub. a vol. of original poems and translations, of which a new ed. appeared in 1815, in Phila. Daboll, NATHAN, mathematician ; d. Groton, Ct., Mar. 9, 1818, a. 68. He was an able teacher, had instructed 1,500 persons in navigation ; pub. a valuable system of arith metic, and also of navigation. His son, C. L. DABOLL, inventor of the fog-trumpet, d. New London, Ct., Oct. 13, 1866, a. 48. Dacres, JAMES RICHARD, a British adm. ; d. Eng., Dec. 4, 1853. His father, Vice-Adm. Dacres, com. " The Carleton " on Lake Cham- plain, in the fight with Arnold s flotilla, in 1776. The son entered the Royal Navy in 1796; was promoted to the com. of the sloop "Elk" in 1805 ; was transferred to " The Bac chante" in 1806, and to " The Guerriere," " a worn-out frigate," in 1811. In the action be tween this ship and " The Constitution," Capt. Hull, Aug. 19, 1812, Dacres was wounded, and " The Guerriere " captured. He was tried by court-martial, and acquitted. In 1838, he at tained flag-rank, and in 1845 was com.-in-chief at the Cape of Good Hope. Dadd, GEORGE H., M.D., b. Eng., 1813. Veterinary surgeon, settled in the U.S., 1939 Author of " Anatomy and Physiology of the Horse," 8vo ; " American Cattle Doctor," 8vo ; "Modern Horse Doctor," 8vo, 1854; "Man ual of Veterinary Science," 8vo, 1855. Ed. Amer. Veter. Jour. Bade, FRANCIS LANGHORNE, maj. U.S.A., b. Va. ; killed by Indians near Fort King, Fla., Dec. 28, 1835. App. lieut. 12th Inf., Mar. 29, 1813; capt. Feb. 1818; brev. maj. Feb. 24, 1828 ; com. a detachment on a march to Fort King, which was nearly destroyed. Daggett, DAVID, LL.D. (Y.C. 1827}, jurist, b. Attleboro , Ms., Dec. 31,1764; d. N. Haven, Apr. 12, 1851. Y.C. 1783. Adm. to the bar in 1778 ; member of the State legisl. 1791-1813, and speaker in 1794; U.S. senator, 1813-19 ; judge of the Supreme Court, 1826- 32, and chief -justice in 1832-4. He was State- atty. in 1811, and in 1828-29, mayor of New Haven. Instructor of the law-school in 1824 ; Kent prof, of law in Y.C., from 1826 until compelled to resign by the infirmities of age. See Life, by Dr. Dutton, pub. in 1851. Daggett, NAPTHALI, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1774), scholar and divine, b. Attleboro , Ms., Sept. 8, 1727; d. N. Haven, Nov. 25, 1780. Y.C. 1748. Minister of Smithtown, L.I., from Sept. 18, 1751, to Nov. 1755; prof, of divinity in Y.C. from Mar. 4, 1756, till his death, and acting pres. in 1766-77. He received the de gree of D.D. from both N. J. and Yale Col leges. When the British attacked N. Haven, in July, 1779, he went into the fight, fowling- piece in hand, but was taken prisoner, and com pelled, in an intensely-hot day, to act as guide to the advancing columns of the enemy ; while they repeatedly pricked him with their bayo nets when his strength failed. He never fully recovered from this treatment. He pub. some sermons ; his son HENRY, an officer of the Revol., and a graduate of Y.C., d. N. Haven, June 20, 1843, a. 85. Dahlgren, JOHN A., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Phila., Nov. 1809; d. Wash., D.C., July 12, 1870. Midshipm. Feb. 1826; lieut. Mar. 8, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. Feb. 7, 1863. In 1847-57, he was employed on ordnance duty, and, with the exception of a short cruise in com. of " The Plymouth," stoop-of-war, was engaged in impor tant experiments at the navy-yard at Washing ton, perfecting the Dahlgren gun. In 1862, he was made chief of the bureau of ordnance. He took com. of the S. A. block, squad., July 6, 1863, and, in conjunction with the land for ces of Gen. Gillmore, captured, after a long and severe struggle, Morris Island, reduced Fort Sumter to ruins, and ended blockade-running in that quarter. In Feb. 1864, he led a suc cessful exped. up the St. John s River to aid a military force intended to be thrown into Flor ida. In Dec. 1864, he co-operated with Gen. Sherman in the capture of Savannah, and Feb. 18, 1865, moved his vessels up to the city of Charleston. Adm. Dahlgren also invented a rifled cannon for the navy, and introduced the light boat-howitzers, which are held in high estimation. Author of " Report on the 32- Pounders, of 32 cwt.," 1850; " System of Boat Armament in the U.S. Navy," 1852 and 1856 ; 242 "Naval Percussion Locks and Primers," 1852; " Shells and Shell-Guns," 1856; "Report on Cruise of the Ordnance Ship, Plymouth," 8vo, 1857. Dahlgren, COL. ULRICH, h. 1842; killed in i skirmish at King s and Queen s C.H., Va., Mar. 4, 1864. Son of Adm. D. A midshipm. before the war, on its breaking out, he assisted his lather in the ordnance dept. ; became aide- do-camp to Sigel ; was disting. at the second Bull Run, and, in Nov. 1862, made, at the head of Sigel s body-guard, that attack on Freder- icksbarg so famous in the annals of the war. Transferred to Gen. Hooker, he again disting. himself at Chancellorsville. Retained by Gen. Meade, he performed most dangerous and im portant service at the head of a picked body of men in the Gettysburg campaign, in which he lost a leg. Made a col. for his gallantry. He lost his life in a raid planned to release the Union prisoners from Libby Prison and Belle Isle. Daille, PETER, a Huguenot clergyman ; d. Boston, May 21, 1715, a" 66. He wias one of the earliest French Protestant ministers of N.Y. ; but incurring Gov. Leisler s displeasure in 1690, and subsequently having some differ ence with his congregation, he went to Boston, and had charge of the French Church in School Street, before 1696, and continued there till his death. Dalcho, FREDERICK, physician and cler gyman, b. London, 1770; d. Charleston, S.C., Nov. 24, 1836. On the death of his father, a Pole, who had been an officer in the army of Hanover, he was invited by an uncle to Md., and received an excellent education in Balti more. He became a medical practitioner in Charleston, where he was active in establishing the Botanic Garden. Ab. 1810 Dr. Dalcho re linquished his practice, and became associated with Mr. A. S. Willington, in conducting the Courier, a daily Federal newspaper. He sub sequently studied theology, became lay-reader in St. Paul s Church, Colleton, in 1814, received Siest s orders, and was assist, minister of St. ichacl s Church, Charleston, from 1819 till his d. He pub. a treatise on " The Evidence of the Divinity of our Saviour," an " Historical Account of the Prot.-Ep. Church, in S.C." and " Ahimon Rezon for Masons." 8vo, 1827. Dale, RICHARD, commodore U. S. N,, b. near Norfolk, Va., Nov. 6, 1756; d. Phila., Feb. 24, 1826. He went to sea at 12, and at 19 com. a merchant-vessel. Early in 1776, while a lieut. in the Va. navy, he was captured by the English, and thrown" into a prison-ship at Norfolk. Here he was surrounded by royal ists, many of them old schoolmates, who pre vailed on him to embark in a cruiser against the vessels of the State. In an affair with an Amer. flotilla soon after, he received a wound, with which he was confined several weeks ; and he resolved " never again to put himself in the way of the bullets of his own countrymen." In "the summer of 1776, he was a midshipman in " The Lexington," Capt. Barry. She was captured on the British coast by" The Alert," in Sept. 1777; and officers and men were confined in "Mill Prison. In Feb. 1778, most of the officers and some of the men escaped; but Dale was retaken in Lond., and carried back. In Feb. 1779, he escaped in the guise of a British naval officer, reached France, and joined Paul Jones as master s mate, and soon became 1st lieut of the " Bon Hbmme Richard." In the memorable battle of Sept. 23, 1779, with " The Serapis," Dale was highly disting., and received a severe splinter- wound. Returning to PhiJa., Feb. 18, 1781, he was placed on the list of lieutenants in the navy. Joining " The Trum- bull," Capt. Nicholson, in June, his ship was taken two months later, after a severe action with The Iris" and "Monk." In this action, Dale experienced his 3d wound and his 4th capture. Being exchanged in Nov., he was employed in letters-of-marque, and the merchant-service, until the end of the war. While commanding "The Queen of France," in 1782, he, after a severe conflict, beat off a privateer of 14 guns. June 4, 1794, he was made a capt. in the navy, and in May, 1798, com. the sloop-of-war "Gan ges." In 1801, he corn, the squadron ordered to the Mediterranean, of which " The Presi dent " 44, was the flag-ship. He was so fettered, however, by his instructions, that no serious enterprise could be attempted; but his vigilance was such that the Tripolitans made no cap tures during his command. He returned home in Ap,ril, 1802, and resigned his commission Dec. 17, 1802. He spent the latter part of his life in Phila. in the enjoyment of a competent estate. Dale was a thoroughly brave and in telligent seaman, and an honest and honorable man. Two of his sons were in the navy. RICHARD d. of wounds received in the frigate "President." MONTGOMERY d. in Dec. 1852, a. 55. Dale, GEN. SAMUEL, pioneer, b. Rock- bridge Co., Va., 1772; d. Lauderdale Co., Mpi., May 23, 1841. He became a famous In dian fighter, and afterward a trader among the Creeks and Cherokees. Maj. commanding a batt.of Ky. vols. against the Creeks, Feb. 1814; disting. under Jackson, and brev. brig.-g. After the war, he settled at Dale s Ferry, on the Ala., and engaged in merchandising. In 1816, he was a member of the convention to divide the Mpi. Territory, and served several terms in the Ala. legisl. His celebrated canoe-fight with 7 Indian warriors, all of whom he killed, would be thought fabulous, if it had not been wit nessed by some soldiers, who, not having a boat, could render him no assistance. See Life, by F. H.CIaiborne. Dale, SIR THOMAS, gov. of Va. ; d. near Bantam, E.I., early in 1620. A soldier of distinction in the Low Countries, knighted by King James in June, 1606, as Sir Thomas Dale of Surrey; June 20, 1611, ab. a month after his arrival in Va., the States-General gave him 3 years leave of absence, which in 1614 was extended. He administered the govt. on the basis of martial law, planted a new settle ment at Henrico, and introduced important changes in the land-laws of the colony, gaining praise for his vigor and industry, hi? judgment and conduct. He conquered the Appomattox Indians, and took their town. He was suc ceeded in Aug. 1611 by Sir Thomas Gates, but continued to take an active part in the affairs of the colony ; and on Gates s return to Eng 33AJL, 243 in 1614, he resumed the govt. He returned to England in June, 1616; was in Holland in Feb. 1617 ; in Jan. 1619 was made com. of the E.I. fleet, and had an engagement with the Dutch near Bantam, but soon succumbed to the climate. Dalhousie (dal-hoo -ze), GEN. GEORGE RAMSAY, 9th Earl of, b. 1770; d. Dalhousie Castle, Scotland, March 21, 1838. He suc ceeded to his title and estate, on the death of his father in Nov. 1787. Entering the army in that year, he was maj. of the 2d Foot, in 1792, and was severely wounded at Martinique. He served in Ireland in 1798, in the exped. to the Helder in 1799, in Egypt in 1801, under Sir R. Abercrombie, and in April, 1805, was made a maj.-gen. He was in the exped. to the Scheldt in 1809, and afterward in the Peninsular cam paigns, where he rendered important service. July 18, 1815, he was made an English baron; in 1816, lieut.-gen. com. in Nova Scotia, and was gov.-in-chief and com. of the forces of British N.A., from 1820 to 1828. He was com.- in-chief in India, 1829-32. Dallas, ALEXANDER JAMES, statesman and financier, b. in the Island of Jamaica, June 21, 1759; d. Trenton, Jan. 16, 1817. Son of a Scotch physician, and was educated at Edin burgh and at Westminster. His mother be coming a widow, and again marrying, he was prevented from obtaining any share of his fa ther s property, and in April, 1 783, quitted his native place, and settled in Phila. Having taken the oath of allegiance to the State of Pa. in June, 1783, he was in July, 1785, adm. to practise as an advocate in the Supreme Court, and in a few years became a practitioner in the U.S. Courts. He also employed himself in literary undertakings, wrote for the public journals, and at one time edited the Columbian Magazine. In Jan. 1791, he was app. sec. of Pa., by Gov. Mifflin; and in Dec. 1793, his commission was renewed. Not long after, he was constituted paymaster-gen, of a force which he accompanied in an exped. to Pitts- burg. In Dec. 1796, he again became sec. of state. On the election of Jefferson to the presidency in 1801, Mr. Dallas was app. U.S. atty. for the eastern dist. of Pa., and occupied that post until his removal to Washington. Oct. 6, 1814, he was made sec. of the U.S. treasury, then in a deplorable condition ; and in that highly responsible and difficult situa tion, he exhibited great ability and energy of character. In March, 1815, he undertook the additional duties of the war office, and success fully performed the delicate task of reducing the army. In Nov. 1816, peace and tranquilli- tv being restored, the financial condition of the country being improved under the influence of the National Bank, which he had so long en deavored to establish, he resigned his post, and returned to the practice of the law at Phila., in which he was eminently successful. He pub. "Features of Jay s Treat} ," 1795 ; " Speeches on the Trial of Blouut ; " " Laws of Pennsylvania," with notes; "Reports," 4 vols.,1 806-7 ; " Treasury Reports ; " " Exposi tion of the Causes and Character of the War of 1812-15," &c. Dallas, ALEXANDER JAMES, capt. U.S.N., son of the preceding, b. 1791 ; d. in Callao Bay, June 3, 1844, commanding Pacific squa dron. He entered the navy, Nov. 22,1805; lieut. June 13, 1810; master-corn. March 5, 1817; capt. April 24, 1828; served under Rodgersin "The President "in 1 812, afterwards under Chauncey on Lake Ontario ; accomp. Porter in his cruise for the extermination of the West-India pirates, and attained distinction in his profession. Dallas, GEORGE MIFFLIN, LL.D. (N.J Coll. 1853), statesman, bro. of prec., b. Phila., July 10, 1792; d. there Dec. 31, 1864. N.J. Coll. 1810. Adm. to the bar in 1813. Accomp. Mr. Gallatin to Russia as private sec. ; visited France, Eng., and Holland ; returned home in 1814, and, after assisting his father in the U.S. treasury dept., resumed the practice of law. In 1817, while dep. of the atty.-gen. of Phila., he won a high reputation as a criminal lawyer. Mayor of Phila. in 1828; dist.-atty. 1829-31, and, as U.S. senator in 1832-3, ably advocated the re-charter of the U.S. Bank, a protective tariff, and other important measures. Declin ing a re-election in 1833, he was atty.-gen. of Pa. in 1833-5 ; ambassador to Russia from 1837 to Oct. 1839; vice.-pres. of the U.S. in 1845-9, and minister to Eng. in 1856-61. While vice-pres., his casting vote in the sen ate made the Tariff Act of 1846 a free-trade measure the law of the land. As minister to Eng., he was at once called upon to settle the Central-American question, and the recall of the British minister Crampton, both which matters were amicably adjusted. During the Rebellion, he manifested publicly, on all suitable occasions, his abhorrence of it and its abettors. He was an able statesman and diplomatist, a suc cessful and influential lawyer. Allibone gives a list of 30 of Dallas s speeches and other pam phlets. His Letters from London in 1856-60 have been edited and pub. by his dau. Julia. Dalling, SIR JOHN, bart. ofBurwod. Sur rey, a British gen. ; d. 1798. Maj. 27th Foot, Feb. 2, 1757 ; served under Loudoun in 1757 ; at Louisburg, 1758, and com. a corps of light inf. under Wolfe at Quebec, in 1759; lieut.- col. 43d Foot in 1760, and com. it at the siege of Havanna, in 1762; app. in 1767 lieut.-gov. and a few years later, gov. of Jamaica; maj.- gen. Aug. 29, 1777; lieut.-gen. Nov. 1782; bart. 1783. In 1780, he led an exped. against the Spanish Main. O Callaghan. Dalton, JOHN, D.D., R. C. bishop of Har bor Grace, N.F., consec. 1856 ; d. May 5, 1869. Dalton, JOHN C., physiologist, b" Chelms- ford, Ms., 2 Feb. 1825. H.U. 1844. M.D. 1847. His essay on the " Corpus Luteum," &c., 1851, won the prize of the Amer. Md. Assoc. His treatise on " Human Physiology," 1859 (4th ed. 1867), placed him at once in the first rank of Amer. physiologists. He has also pub. " Phy siology and Hygiene, for Schools, Families, and Colleges," 1868. TJiomas. DaltOU, TRISTAM, senator, b. Newbury- port, Ms., May 28, 1738; d. Boston, May 30, 1817. H.U. 1755. He studied law; m. tha dau. of Robert Hooper, with whom he engaged in mercantile pursuits, and took a deep interest in the cultivation of a large estate in W. New- bury, where Washington, John A lams, Louis 244 Philippe, Talleyrand, and other disting. guests, partook of his hospitalities. A leading Revol. patriot of Essex Co. ; he was speaker of the house, and a member of the senate of Ms., and U.S. senator in 1789-91. Investing his for tune in real estate in Washington, he lost nearly all of it by the mismanagement of an agent, and was surveyor of the port of Boston from 1815 till his death. He was remarkable for his fine person, gentle and elegant manners, integ rity, and scholarly accomplishments. Daly, CHARLES P., LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1860), jurist and scholar, b. of Irish parents N.Y. City, 31 Oct. 1816. At first a sailor, afterward a mechanic s apprentice, and in 1839 adm. to the N.Y. bar. Member of the legisl. in 1843; judge of the C.C.P. of N.Y. City since 1845, and first judge since 1857. He has pub. a " Hist. Sketch of the Judicial Tribunals of N.Y., 1623-1846," 8vo, 1855; "Memoir of Chancellor Kent," pamphlets on Banking, Natu ralization Laws, the Introduction of the Drama (1863),c.; con tribs. to Appleton s Cyclop. ; has delivered lectures on legal subjects before the law school of Col. Coll., speeches and ad dresses upon political, literary, and historical subjects ; and is pres. of the Amer. Geog. and Statist. Soc., and vice.-pres of the Ethnol. Soc. Duyckinck. Damas (da -mas ), JOSEPH FRANCOIS Louis CHARLES DUG DE, French gen., b. 1758; d. Paris, March 5, 1829. As aide-de-camp to Rochambeau, he made the Amer. campaigns of 1780-2; and, "Of all the officers," says Chastellux, " who fought for Amer. Indepen dence, he was, perhaps, the only one in whom the spectacle of a people breaking their fetters awakened no ideas of liberty." After Ms re turn, he was made col. of dragoons, and was arrested at Varennes with Louis XVI., whose escape he was endeavoring to effect. He emi grated in 1792 ; fought in the royalist ranks in 1 793, and accompanied Louis XVIII. to Italy as captain of the guards. He took an active part in subsequent royalist enterprises, and in 1825 he received the title of duke. Nouv. Biog. Gen. Dampier, WILLIAM, a celebrated navigator, b. East Coker, Somersetshire, in 1652; d. ab. 1712. He went to sea at an early age ; became overseer of a plantation ; made several vovages in a Jamaica coaster, and cut mahogany three years in the Bay of Honduras, of which place he pub. a description on returning to Lond. in 1678. He was afterward a buccaneer, but quarrelled with his companions, and left them. Was in Va. in 1682, and joined Capt. Cook in a cruise against the Spaniards in Aug. 1683. They burned the town of Plata, then advanced to the Bay of Panama, near which they took a Spanish ship which was carrying despatches to Lima ; and, from the intelligence obtained, they concerted an attack on the treasure-ships, which resulted unsuccessfully. They next attacked T L.eon and Rio Leja on the Mexican coast, when Dampier left Davis, Cook s successor, and sailed with Capt. Swan across the Pacific for the East Indies. After visiting St John s Is land, New Holland, and Nicobar, Dampier aban doned his companions, journeyed to the Eng lish factory at Achan, where he subsequently joined with Captain Weldon in trading voy ages during 15 months, and then engaged as gunner at a factory at Bencoolen. In 1691, he escaped the vigilance of the gov., and ariived at the Downs, Sept. 16, bringing with him all his papers and journals. Being now in want of money, he sold his share in an Indian prince, whom his companions carried about for exhibi tion. Capt. R. navy, 26 July, 1698. Hav ing sailed in " The Roebuck " on a voyage of discovery, in Jan. 1699, his ship foundered at the Isle of Ascencion, where, with his crew, he remained from Oct. 1700 until relieved, April, 1701. He was employed, 1708-11, in prose cuting a voyage to the South Seas under the patronage of British merchants. This voyage round the world has been frequently pub., and is an accurate and valuable work. The best edition is that of 1 729, 4 vols., 8vo, Lond. In 1707, he pub. a defence of his buccaneering on the Spanish Main. He also wrote a treatise on Winds and Tides. Dana, CHARLES ANDERSON, journalist, b. Hinsdale, N.H., Aug. 8, 1819. He studied two years at H.U., but did not grad., owing to a disease of the eyes. He edited the Harbinger, was a contrib. to the Boston Chromotype, was connected with the N.Y. Tribune in 1847-58, and is now editor of the Sun. He edited " The Household Book of Poetry," N.Y., 8vo, 1858, and, in connection with Geo. Ripley, edited Appleton s Cycl. Ass. Sect. War, 1863-4. Dana, DANIEL, D.D., Preso. clergyman, b. Ipswich, Ms., July 24, 1771 ; d. Newburv- port, Ms., Aug. 26, 1859. Dartm. Coll. 1788. Son of Rev. Dr. Joseph. Settled pastor of th First Presb. Church, Newburyport, Nov. 19, 1794; pres. of Dartm. Coll. in 1820-21 ; set tled in Londonderry, N.H., Jan. 16, 1822 ; dis missed Apr. 1826, and from May 31, 1826, to 1845, he was settled over the Second Presb. Church in Newburyport. Trustee of the And. Theol. Sem. from 1804 to 1856. He pub. 21 occasional sermons, besides discourses, essays, &&. Alumni D.C. Dana, EDMUND TROWBRIDGE, J.U.D. (Heidelberg, 1854), translator and editor of works on international and public law, and polit. economy, b. Cambridge, Ms., 29 Aug. 1818; d. there 18 May, 1869. Vt. U. 1839; Camb. Law School, 1 841 . Son of R. H. Dana. Practised law with his bro. R. H., jun., a few years in Boston, then studied at the German universities. Dana, FRANCIS, LL.D. (H.U. 1792), states man and jurist, b. Charlestown, Ms., June 13, 1743 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., April 25, 1811. II U. 1762. Richard, his father, was an eminent magistrate and patriot. Francis studied law with Judge Trowbridge ; was adm. to the bar in 1767 ; became an active Whig ; was a delegate to the Provincial Congress in Sept. 1774 ; passed the year 1775 in Eng. ; member of the exec, council from May, 1776, to 1780; delegate to Congress in 1776-8 and in 1784; member of the board of war, Nov. 17, 1777, and chairman of the committee charged with the responsibil ity of re-organizing the army ; accomp. Mr. Adams to Paris in Nov. 1 779, as sec. of legation ; and from Dec. 19, 1780, until 1783, was minis ter to Russia. Prevented from attending the IXAJNT 245 convention for framing the Federal Constitu- tion, c of which he was a member, in 1787, he strongly advocated its adoption in the conven tion of Ms. He declined the embassy to France in 1797. Judge of the Supreme Court of Ms. from Jan. 1785, until 1792; chief-justice 1792-1806. A founder of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, and a vice-pres. of that body. Early in life, he m. a dau. of Win. Ellery. His eorresp. while in Europe will be found in Sparks s " Diplora. Corresp.," vol. viii. Dana, JAMES, D.D. (U. of Edinb.), Cong, minister, b. Ms., May 11, 1735; d. New Ha ven, Ct., Aug. 18, 1812. H.U. 1753. Ord. at Wallingford, Ct., Oct. 12, 1758, in disregard of the " Saybrook Platform," and a long con troversy ensued ; dism. 1 788. Minister of New Haven from Apr. 29, 1789, to the fall of 1805. He regarded the scheme of Edwards as acquit ting the creature of blame, and impeaching the truth and justice of the Creator. He pub. anonymously an " Examination of Edwards on the Will," 8vo, Boston, 1770; a continuation of the same, with his name, in 1773 ; a century discourse, Apr. 9, 1770, and a number of ser mons. Samuel W. Dana, U.S. senator, was his son. Dana, JAMES DWIGHT, LL.D. ( Amh. Coll. 1853), physicist, son of James, b. Utica, N.Y., Feb. 12, 1813. Y. C. 1833. App. teacher of mathematics in the U.S. navy, and sailed to the Mediterranean in " The Delaware," return ing in 1835. In 1835-6, he was assist, to Prof. Silliman at Y.C. ; from Aug. 1838 to 1842, he was mineralogist and geologist of Wilkes s ex ploring exped., and for 13 years after was en gaged in preparing for pub. the various reports of this exped., and in other scientific labors. He returned to New Haven in 1844, m. Henri etta Francis, dau. of Prof. Silliman, and has since resided in that city. In 1855, he became Silliman prof, of nat. hist, and geology in Y.C., a post he still occupies, while editing the American Journal of Science, founded by Silli man in 1819. He has also contrib. various important scientific papers to the Proceedings of the Am. Acad. of Arts and Sciences in Bos ton, the Lyceum of Natural History of N.Y., and the Acad. of Natural Sciences of Phila. In 1854, he was elected pres. of the Am. Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, and is a mem ber of many learned societies in Europe. He pub. "Mineralogy," 1837, 4th edition revised and enlarged, 1854; reports on "Zoophytes," 1846, proposing a new classification, and de scribing 230 new species ; on the " Geology of the Pacific," 1849; on "Crustacea," 1852-4, describing 658 new species; on " Coral Reefs and Islands," 8vo, Phila., 1853 ; " Suppt. to System of Mineralogy," 1855-6 ; " Man ual of Geology," 1862, and articles in the Am- er. Jour, of Science. A series of 4 articles from his pen, entitled " Science and the Bible," railed forth by Taylor Lewis s work on " The Six Days of Creation," appeared in the Bibli- otheca Sacra in 1856-7. Dana, JAMES FREEMAN, chemist, b. Am- herst, N.H., Sept. 23, 1793 ; d. N.Y. City, Apr. 14, 1827. H.U. 1813. He was the son of Lu ther Dana, a naval officer of the Revol. Stud ied medicine in Boston ; spent 6 months in Lond., under the instruction of the celebrated chemist, Accum, and, on his return, was em ployed to refit the laboratory of Harvarc Coll., and settled in Cambridge as a physician, holding also the office of assist, prof, of chem istry. In 1817, he received the degree of M.D.; in the autumn of that year was app. lec turer on chemistry in Dartm. Coll., and in 1820 prof., lecturing also on mineralogy and botany. In 1826-7, he was prof, of chemistry in the N.Y. Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons. He pub. a small work on the mineralogy and geol ogy of Boston and vicinity, in conjunction with his bro. Dr.S. L. Dana, 1818 ; " Epitome of Chemical Philosophy," 1825; "Report ou a Singular Disease of Horned Cattle in Burton, N.H." He also contrib. many scientific pa pers to the Journal of Science, the N.E. Jour nal of Medicine, and the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of N.Y. In 1 8 1 5 and 1 8 1 6, he received Boylston prizes for dissertations. Dana, JOHN W., gov. of Me., 1847-50, min ister to Bolivia, 1854, son of Judah,b.Fryeburg, Me.; d. near Rosario, S. Amer., Dec. 22, 1867, of cholera. He was a Democ. politician. Dana, JUDAH, lawyer, b. Pomfret, Ct., April 25, 1772; d. Fryeburg, Me., Dec. 27, 1845. Dartm. Coll. 1795. His mother was a dau. of Gen. Putnam. He began to practise law at Fryeburg in 1798 ; was county atty. in 1805-11 ; judge of probate, 1805-22, and of the circuit of C. C. P. in 1811-23; member of the Me. Const. Conv. in 1819, one of the com. by whom the instr. was drafted ; a mem ber of the exec, council in 1834, and of the U. S. senate in 1836-7. D. C. Alumni. Dana, NAPOLEON JACKSON TECUMSEH, maj.-gen. vols v b. Fort Sullivan, Eastport, Me., Apr. 10, 1822. West Point, 1842. Entering the 7th Inf., he served with distinction in Mex ico; was severely wounded at Cerro Gordo, and brev. capt. Resigning in 1855, he engaged in business in St. Paul until Oct. 1861, when he became col. 1st Minnesota Vols. On the 21st, he participated in the affair at Ball s Bluff. Made brig.-gen. Feb. 3, 1862, he served with the Potomac Army in all the battles be fore Richmond. At Antietam, he com. a bri gade in Sedgwick s division of Sumner s corps, and was wounded. Maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; in the operations with Army of the Gulf, and engaged at Fordoche Bayou, Sept. 1863; at Brazos Santiago, Oct. 27; com. 13th army corps, Dec.-Jan. 1864; com. dist. of Vicks- burg, Aug.-Oct. 1864; 16th army corps, and dist. of W. Tenn. and Vicksburg* Nov. 1864, and dept. of Mpi. Dec. 64, to 27 May, 1865. Dana, RICHARD, jurist, b. Cambridge, Ms., July 7, 1699; d. May 17, 1772. H. U. 1718. Grandson of Richard, who settled in Cambridge in 1640. After practising law at Marblehead and Charlestown, he removed to Boston, where he attained high rank in the profession. He was prominent in the ante-Revol. movement ; occasionally presided over the Boston town- meetings, between 1763 and 1772 ; reported the instructions to the town representatives, Nov. 20, 1767, and May 8, 1770; was one of the asso ciated Sons of Liberty, and at their celebrated meeting of Dec. 17, 1769, administered to Sec. Oliver the oath of non-execution of the Stamp 246 Act. His death was considered a great loss to the patriot cause. He ra. the sister of Judge Trovvhridge, and was the father of Chief-Jus tice Francis Dana. Dana, RICHARD HENRY, poet and essayist, b. Cambridge, Ms., Nov. 15, 1787. He was educated at H. U. and at Newport, R.I. ; stud ied law with his father, Francis Dana ; was adm. to the Boston bar in 1811, and soon after to that of Baltimore, but in 1812 entered upon the profession in his native town, and became a member of the legisl. His tirst literary pub lic appearance was as an orator on the 4th of July, 1814, in which year he joined the club bv whom the North American Review was ori ginated, and for a time conducted. In 1818-19, he was its assoc. editor with Prof. E. T. Chan- ning. In 1821-2, he pub., in numbers, "The Idle Man." His first pieces in verse, " The Dying Raven," and " The Husband and Wife s Grave," appeared in the N. Y. Review in 1825. In 1827, he pub. "The Buccaneer, and other Poems," which was well received and highlv commended. It was praised by Wilson in Blackwood s Magazine, as " the most powerful and original of Amer. poetical com positions." In 1833, he pub. an enlarged vol., including new poems and the papers of " The Idle Man," and in 1850, "Poems and Prose Writings," 2 vols., being a complete coll. of his writings, excepting a series of lectures on Shakspeare, delivered in Boston, N. Y., and Phila., 1839-40. Dana, RICHARD HENRY, Jun., advocate and writer, son of the preceding, b. Cambridge, Ms., Aug. 1, 1815. H. U. 1837. In 1834, he made the voyage described in his " Two Years be fore the Mast," which details the ship and shore life of a common sailor from personal experience. Adm. to the Boston bar in 1840. In 1841, he pub. "The Seaman s Friend," re- pub, in Eng. as " The Seaman s Manual." Mr. Dana was engaged in the numerous trials for the rescue of the slave Shadrach in 1853, and in the case of Anthony Burns in 1854. He was a delegate to the Buffalo convention of 1848; a speaker in the Repub. movement of 1856-60, and a member of the Ms. Const. Conv. of 1853. In 1861-6, he was U. S. atty. for the dist. of Ms. He has occasionally con- trib. to the N. A. Review and to the Law Re porter. In 1859, he pub. a vol. of travel, "To Cuba and Back." He is the author of many speeches and addresses on political and general topics. Dana, SAMUEL, an eminent lawyer and ju rist, son of Judge Samuel (H. U. 1755; min- .ster of Groton, 1761-75 ; b. Jan. 14, 1739 ; d. Apr. 2, 1798), b. Groton, Ms., June 26, 1767; d. Charlestown, Ms., Nov. 20, 1835. Pres. of the Ms. senate; M. C. 1814-15; and chief-jus tice of the Circuit C. C. P. He pub. an ora tion delivered at Groton, July 4, 1807. Sabine and Allen. Dana, SAMUEL LUTHER, M.D., LL.D., chemist, bro. of James F., and grandson of Rev. Samuel of Groton, b. Groton, Ms., July 11, 1795; d. Lowell, Ms., Mar. 11, 1868. H.U. 1813. Lieut. 1st U. S. Art., and served until the close of the War of 1812-15. He then stud ied medicine ; received the degree of M.D. in 1818 ; practised from 1819 to 1826 in Waltharn, where he established a chemical laboratory for the manuf. of the oil of vitriol and blea ching- salts, and founded the "Newton Chemical Co.," of which he was the chemist till 1834. Subse quently resident and consulting chemist to the Merrimack Manuf. Co. In connection with hia bro., he pub. " The Mineralogy and Geology of Boston and Vicinity," 1818. In 1833, while in Eng., he pub. a clear exposition of the chemical changes occurring in the manuf. of sulphuric acid. This was followed by a report to the city council of Lowell on the danger arising from the use of lead water-pipes. He made many experiments in agricultural science ; pub. " The Fanner s Muck Manual" in 1842; an "Es say on Manures," 1843, honored by the prize of the Ms. Agric. Society ; a translation of Tauquerelon Lead-Diseases; and assisted in the agric. and geol. reports of the State survey. He also contrib. several articles to the N A. Review and other periodicals. He contrib. to the improvement of the important art of print ing cotton, beside his discoveries in the art of bleaching it. Dana, SAMUEL WHITTLESEY, an eminent and leading Federalist, son of Rev. James, b. New Haven, Ct., July. 1757 ; d. July 21, 1830. Y. C. 1775. M. C. 1796 to 1810 fU. S. sen ator, 1810-21. Many years mayor of Middle- town, Ct. Dane, NATHAN, LL.D., an eminent jurist and statesman, b. Ipswich, Dec. 27, 1752 ; d. Beverly, Ms., Feb. 15, 1835. H.U. 1778. John, his ancestor, came from England, as early as 1638, and settled in Ipswich. He practised law in Beverly, where he resided till his death ; was a member of the Ms. legisl. in 1782-5, and was an able and influential member of Congress in 1785-8; member of the Ms. senate in 1790, 94, 96-8; a commis sioner to revise the laws of the State in 1795 ; in 1811, to revise and publish the charters which had been granted therein ; and again, in 1812, to make a new publication of the statutes. In 1814, he was a member of the Hartford Convention, and in 1820 of that for revising the State constitution, but, on account of deaf ness, declined taking his seat. He was the framer of the celebrated ordnance, passed by Congress in 1787, for the govt. of the territory north-west of the Ohio, a code, by which the principles of free gt., to the exclusion of slavery, were extended to that immense region. He in corporated in this ordnance a prohibition against all laws impairing the obligation of contracts, which the convention that formed the Constitution of the U.S. a few months after wards extended to all the States of the Union, by making it a part of that Constitution. His professional practice was laborious and exten sive ; and his great work, entitled " A General Abridgment and Digest of American Law," in 9 large vols, 8vo (1823-9), remains as a proof of his learning and industry. The Dane pro fessorship of law, founded by his munificence at H. U., and the law hall for the use of tho students and professors of law, are enduring monuments of his desire to promote the inter ests of the legal profession and the welfare of the community. 247 Danforth, SAMUEL, minister of Roxbury from Sept. 24, 1650, to his d., Nov. 19, 1674 ; b. Framlingham, Suffolk, Eng ;> Sept. 1626 ; came to N.E. with Nicholas his father, 1634. H. U. 1643. Tutor and fellow of H. U. Brother of Thos., pres. of Me. He pub. a number of Almanacs, an " Astronomical De scription of the Comet of 1664," a heavenly body, the appearance of which he believed por tentous, and the election sermon, 1670, enti tled " A Recognition of New England s Errand into the Wilderness." Danforth, SAMUEL, M.D., physician, b. Cambridge, Ms., Aug. 1740; d. Boston, Nov. 16,1827. H.U. 1758. Son of Judge Samuel, grandson of Rev. John of Dorchester. After studying medicine with Dr. Rand, he practised a year or two at Newport, and then settled in Boston, where his loyalty occasioned his being treated somewhat harshly after the evacuation of that city by the British. He practised with success until near 80 years of age, and in creased his reputation by his chemical studies. In all difficult medical cases, his opinion was relied on as the utmost effort of human skill. From 1795 to 1798, he was pres. of the Ms. Med. Society. Member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Thacher. Danforth, THOMAS, pres. of the district of Maine, b. Eng., 1622; d. Nov. 5, 1699. Son of Nicholas, who d. Cambridge, 1637. He had great influence in public affairs ; was an assist, from 1659 to 1678; dep. gov. in 1679; pres. and dept. gov. until the arrival of Andros in 1688. He was also a judge of the Superior Court. In 1681, he, with Gookin, Cooke, and others, opposed the acts of trade, and assert ed the chartered rights of his country. During the witchcraft troubles in 1692, he condemned the proceedings of the courts. Daniel, ISAAC, a soldierof the Revol. and of the War of 1812, b. Westchester Co., N.Y.; d. N.Y. City, 29 June, 1864, a. 109 years. Daniel) JOHN M., journalist, d. Richmond, Va., March 30, 1865. Noted as a newspaper writer in Richmond. He was in 1854 app. by Pres. Pierce, minister resident at the court of Sardinia, but became very unpopular, and in 1858 resigned. Soon after, he became again connected with the Richmond press, and was noted for the violence of his language, and his readiness to resort to the duello. He was a strenuous advocate for the hanging of John Brown in 1859; was a zealous secessionist; was for a time on the staff of one of the Va. corps commanders, but soon returned to Rich mond, and edited the Examiner, in which he attacked Mr. Davis virulently. A Life of Stonewall Jackson, pub. in his name, was written by J. Esten Cook. A Memoir of Daniel, by hisbro. F. S. Daniel, was pub. 1868. Daniel, JOSEPH J., jurist, b. Halifax Co., N.C., ab. 1783; d. Feb. 1848. After receiv ing a classical education, he studied law, be came an ornament to the bar ; in 1 807 was elected a member of the house; in 1816 was app. a judge of the Superior Court of Law and Equity, and, from 1822 to his d., was judge of the N.C. Supreme Court. Daniel, JUNIUS, brig.-gen. C. S. A., b. N.C. 1828; killed near Spottsylvania, Va., May 11, 1864. West Point, 1851. 1st lieut. 3d U.S. Inf., May, 1857 ; resigned, June, 1858, and was a planter at Shreveport, La., 1858-61. Daniel, PETER VYVIAN, jurist, b. Stafford Co., Va., 1785; d. Richmond, Va., May 31, 1860. N.J. Coll. 1805. His father, Travers Daniel, was an extensive land-proprietor and planter in Stafford Co., Va., to which State his ancestor emigrated in 1649. Adm. to the bar in 1808. In 1809-10, he was a member of the H. of delegates ; one of the privy council from 1812 to 1835, being a portion of the time ex-officio pres. of the council, and lieut.-gov. ; app. judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of Va in 1836, and 3 Mar. 1841, judge of the U.S. Su preme Court. He m. a daughter of Edmund Randolph, in whose office he studied law. He was a Democ. politician, and sustained the D-red Scott decision of Judge Taney. Daniel, WILLIAM, judge, b. Va., 1771; d. Lynchburg, Nov. 20, 1839. In 1798-9, he was a conspicuous member of the State legisl., and, during the last 23 years of his life, was on the bench of the general and circuit courts of Va. Danielson, TIMOTHY, Revol. patriot, b. Brimfield, Ms., 1733; d. there Sept. 19, 1791. Y.C. 1756. He studied theology, but did not engage in the clerical profession. In Sept. 1774, he was chairman of the Hampshire Co. convention ; a delegate to the Prov. Congress at Concord, Oct. 1774, at Cambridge, Feb. 1775, and at Watertown, May, 1775. In May, 1774, being then a representative, he was chosen to the council, but was negatived by Gov. Gage. Col. of a provincial regt. in May, 1775. His chief service, however, was in the legisl., of which he continued a member several years. Member of the State Const. Conv. in 1779, and afterward of the State senate and executive council; chief-justice of Hampshire Co. His widow m. Gen. Eaton. Large and finely formed, he possessed great in fluence. Daponte, see PONTE. Darby, WILLIAM, statistician and geogra pher, b. Pa. 1775 ; d. Washington, D.C., Oct. 9, 1854. An officer under Gen. Jackson in La., and one of the surveyors of the boundary between the U.S. and Canada. Author of "Geog. Descrip. of La.," 8vo, 1816; "Plan of Pittsburg and Adjacent Country," 1817 ; " Emigrant s Guide to the Western Country," 1818; "Tour from N.Y. to Detroit," 1819; " Geog. and Hist, of Florida, with a map," 1821 ; 3d ed. of "Brooke s Univ. Gazetteer," 1823 ; " View of the U.S.," 8vo, 1828 ; " Lec tures on the Discovery of Amer.," 1828 ; " Geographical Dictionary," 8vo, 3d ed., 1843 ; "U.S. Gazetteer," 1830 (with Theo. D wight), and " Mnemonica, a Register of Events to 1829." Darden, MILES, noted for his great sise, b. N.C. 1798 ; d. Henderson Co , Tenn., Jan. 23, 1857. He was 7 feet 6 inches high; and at his death his weight was a little over 1 ,000 Ibs. Until 1 853, he was active and lively, and able to labor ; but from that time, was obliged to stay at home, or be hauled about in a 2-horse wag on. In 1850, it required IS^yds. of cloth, one yard wide, to make him a coat 248 His coffin was 8 feet long, 35 inches deep, 32 inches across the breast, 18 across the head, and 14 across the feet. Dare, VIRGINIA, the first child of English parents in the New World, b. at Roanoke, Aug. 1587. Grand-daughter of John White, gov. of the colony sent by Sir Walter Raleigh. White s dau. m. Mr. Dare, one of the assist ants of the gov. ; and Virginia was b. ab. a month after the arrival of the exped. Darke, WILLIAM, gen., b. Phila. Co., Pa., 1736; d. Jefferson Co., Va., Nov. 26, 1801. In 1740, his parents moved to Va. He was in Braddock s army at its defeat in 1755, and was made a capt. at the beginning of the Rev- ul. war. He was made prisoner at the battle of German town, and was col. com. of the Hampshire and Berkeley regts. at the capture of Cornwallis. He was often a member of the Va. legisl., and, in the convention of 1788, voted (or the Federal Constitution. Lieut.-col. of a regt. of "Levies" in 1791, he com. the left wing of St. Glair s army, at its defeat by the Miami Indians, Nov. 4, 1791. He made two gallant and successful charges with the bayonet in this fight, in the second of which, his youngest son, Capt. Joseph Darke, was killed, and he himself was wounded, and nar rowly escaped death. He was afterward a maj.-gen. of Va. militia. Darley, ELLEN WESTRAY, actress, b. Bath, Eng. ; d. Phila., Sept. 26, 1849. Made her first app. in Amer. at the Haymarket, Boston, Dec. 26, 1796, as Narcissa, in "Inkle and Yarico;" in N.Y. in 1798, at the Park, as Joanna in " The Deserted Daughter." Darley, FELIX O. C., artist, b. Phila., June 23, 1822. Placed by his parents in a mercantile establishment, he devoted his lei sure to drawing, and, receiving from the pub lisher of the Saturday Museum a handsome sum for a few designs, he applied himself wholly to that pursuit. For several years, he was employed by large publishing-houses in Phila., and soon acquired reputation. The series pub. in the " Library of Humorous American Works " was very popular in the Southern and Western States. In 1848, he removed to New York, where he illustrated " The Sketch Book," " Knickerbocker," &c. He had previously made a series of designs in outline, from Judd s novel of "Margaret," which were pub. in 1856. The committee of the American Art Union commissioned him to illustrate in similar style Irving s " Rip Van Winkle" and his "Legend of Sleepy Hollow," both of which are highly creditable productions. Offers were made to him to set tle in London, which he declined. He has also been engaged in the preparation of vig nettes for bank-notes, and in illustrating Coop er s works ; has executed " The Massacre at Wyoming," and 4 other Revol. pieces of merit, and has contrib. designs to Irving s " Life of Washington," Dickens s and Sims s novels. Another of his works is an illustration of the wedding-procession in Longfellow s poem of " The Courtship of Miles Standish." For Prince Napoleon, when in N.Y., he execute^ tour drawings illustrative of American life, " The Unwilling Laborer," " Repose," " The Blacksmith s Shop," and " Emigrants attacked by the Indians." Among his pictures of the late civil war are " Giving Comfort to the Enemy" and " Dahlgren s Charge at Fred- ericksburg." He m. the dau. of Warren Col- burn, and resides at Claymont, Del. Tuck- erman. Darling, NOYES, a disting. agriculturist, b. Woodbridge, Ct., 1782; d. New Haven, Sept. 17, 1846. Y. C. 1801. Tutor there 1804- 8. Engaged at one time in mercantile pur suits in N.Y. City, he afterward became espe cially interested in horticulture, and, also in in vestigating the habits of insects injurious to vegetation, and wrote frequently on this sub ject. He passed the latter portion of his life in New Haven, of which city he was mayor, having served long as Co. surveyor, and was at the time of his death judge of the Co. court. Darlington, WILLIAM, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1804), LL.D. (Y.C. 1848), botanist and poli tician, b. of Quaker parents in Birmingham, Pa., Apr. 28, 1782 ; d West Chester, Pa., Apr. 23, 1 863. With only a common country school education, he began to study medicine at the age of 18 ; studied languages and botany 2 years, and then went to Calcutta as surgeon of a ship. His "Letters from Calcutta " were afterward pub. in the Analectic Magazine. Re turning in 1807, he m., and practised medicine for several years successfully at West Chester. He wrote in defence of the policy of Mr. Madison ; raised an armed corps on the break ing-out of hostilities, and, after the sack of Washington in 1814, was chosen major of a vol. regt., and was a Democ. M.C. in 1815-17 and 1819-23. He founded at West Chester in 1812 an academy, an athenasum, and a pros perous society of natural history, of which he was pres. In 1813, he began a descriptive cata logue of plants growing around West Chester, pub. in 1826, with the title/ Florida Cestrica" afterwards enlarged as the " Flora Cestrica," 1837, and repub. in 1853, containing a com plete description and classification of every plant known in the county. In 1 843, he edited the corresp. of his friend, Dr. Wm. Baldwin, and accomp. it with a memoir, entitling the work " Reliquice Baldwiniana." In 1853, the name of Darlinqtonica California was given, in his honor, to a new and remarkable variety of pitcher-plant found in California. In 1847, he pub. " Agric. Botany ; " " Mutual Influence of Habits and Disease," 8vo, 1804-6 ; " Agric. Chemistry," 1847. In 1849, he coll. and pub. the corresp. of Humphrey Marshall and John Bartram. His last work, pub. in the W. Ches ter Village Record, was his " Notce Ccstrienses." He was a member of some 40 learned societies in America and Europe. Gen. Reg. xviii. 97. D Arusmont, see WRIGHT. Daveiss, COL. JOSEPH HAMILTON, law yer and soldier, b. Bedford Co., Va., Mar. 4, 1774; d. Nov. 7, 1811. He was bred to the law, and was at the time of his death U.S. atty. for Ky. A maj. of Ky. vol. dragoons under Gen. Harrison at Tippecanoe, he was killed while leading his men to the charge. He pub. in 1807 " A View of the President s Conduct concerning the Conspiracy of 1806." 249 Davenport, COL. ABRAHAM, Revol. pa triot, b. Stamford, Ct., 1715; d. there Nov. 20, 1789. Y.C. 1732. Son of Rev. John, minis ter of Stamford, 1694-1731. He was a man of stern integrity and generous beneficence. In a time of scarcity, he sold the product of his farm to the poor at old prices. He was a judge of the C.C.P.; a member of the exec, council of Ct. ; 25 years in the State legisl. ; senator, 1766-84; and during the war was one of the State com. of safety. Hist. Stamford. Davenport, ADDINGTON, judge, b. Aug. 3. 1670; d. Apr. 2, 1736. H.U. 1689. After visiting Eng., Spain, and the West Indies, he returned to Boston, and was register of deeds for Suffolk Co. He was afterward successively clerk of the II. of representatives, Supreme Court, and C.C.P. ; member of the council ; representative, 1711-13, and from 1715 to his death was judge of the Supreme Court. He was one of the founders of Brattle-st. Church in 1698. Davenport, ADDINGTON, D.D., a Prot.- Epis. clergyman of Boston, son of the preced ing, b. May 16, 1701 ; d. Sept. 8, 1746. H.U. 1719. He was educated for the law, but entered the ministry. From Apr. 15, 1730, to 1737, he was minister of St. Andrew s Church, Scit- uate ; was assist, minister of King s Chapel from Apr. 15, 1737, to May 8, 1740, when he became rector of Trinity Church. On leaving Scituate, he gave his house and land to the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts. Dec. 23, 1729, he m. Jane, dau. of Grove Hirst, a merchant of Boston. Davenport, EDWARD L., one of the best actors on the American stage, b. Boston, 1816. Made his debut at the Lion Theatre, Providence, as Passion Will to Booth s Sir Giles Overreach. First appeared in N.Y. at the Bowery, under Hamblin s management ; at Phila., at the Walnut, in 1838, as Count Montalban in the Honeymoon. Dec. 6, 1847, he opened at the Manchester Theatre, Eng., as Claude Melnotte, and supported Mrs. Mowatt. During Macready s farewell from the stage, he sup ported him ; d. Canton, Pa., Sept. 1, 1877. Davenport, FRANKLIN, of Woodbury, N.J., served in the Revol. war under Gen. Saml. Smith at Fort Mifflin ; was a U.S. senator in 1798-9; M.C. 1799 to 1801, and also a judge. Davenport, HENRY K., capt. U. S. N., b. Ga., Dec. 10, 1820. Midshipm. Feb. 19, 1838; lieut. Dec. 19,1853; com. July 16, 1862; capt. Mar. 14, 1868. Attached to sloop " Portsmouth " at the storming of the 6 forts, Canton River, China, Nov. 1856 ; to the sloop " Cumberland " at the capture of Hatteras, Aug. 1861 ; in repulse of rebel steamer " James town," in James River, Dec. 1861 ; com. steamer " Hetzel " at the capture of Newborn, and destruction of rebel fleet in those waters ; defence of Fort Anderson, Neuse River, and repulse of Pettigrew s army, Mar. 14, 1863; defence of Newbern, and repulse of Hoke s army, May, 1864 ; com. flag-ship " Lancaster," Pacific squad., 1864-6, and captured 7 pirates on board Amer. steamer " Salvador " off the Bay of Panama, Nov. 10, 1864, and received thanks of navy dept; d. Aug. 18, 1872. Davenport, JAMES, lawyer and M.C 1796-9; son of Col. Abraham; b. Stamford, 12 Oct. 1758; d. there 3 Aug. 1797. Y.C. 1777. He was in the commissary dept. in the Revol. ; was a judge of the C.C.P., and a man of literary tastes and abilities. Davenport, JOHN, a Puritan divine, one of the founders of New Haven, b. Coventry, Eng., 1597 ; d. Boston, Mar. 15, 1670. At the age of 16, he entered Merton Coll., Oxford. After 2 yrs. rem. to Magdalen, where he re ceived the degree of B.A., and subsequently that of B. D. He commenced preaching in Lond., where his purity and worth, his learning, and talent as a preacher, were greatly esteemed. Ab. 1626, in connection with Drs. Sibs and Gouge, the lord-mayor of London, and oth ers, he devised a plan to purchase impropria- tion, with the profits of which a number of ministers should be maintained, who would assist in reforming abuses. But Archbishop Laud procured its condemnation, and the confiscation of the money to the king s use. At the close of 1633, Mr. Davenport was com pelled, by the increasing persecution of non conformists, to resign his pastoral office over St. Stephen s Church, Coleman St., and retire to Holland. After officiating for a time as a private instructor, he returned to Lond. in 1635. He had been concerned in the patent of the Ms. Colony, and determined to come over. June 26, 1637, he landed at Boston with Mr. Eaton and Mr. Hopkins, was received with great respect, and invited to sit with the synod at Cambridge, to which his learning and wis dom made him a valuable accession. March 30, 1638, he sailed with his company for Quin- nipiack, or New Haven, to found a new colony. Here, under the branches of an oak, he preached Apr. 18, the first Sunday after their arrival, and ministered there near 30 years. June 4, 1639, holding their constituent assem bly in a barn, the "Free Planters," resolved that church-members only should be burgesses ; and Davenport was chosen one of the " seven pillars " to support the ordinance of civil govt. Two of the regicides, GofFe and Whalley, were concealed in his house ; and he instigated the people, by his preaching, to protect them from the commissioners of the king. With Cotton and Hooker, he was invited to join the West minster Assembly ; but his church was unwill ing to part with him. He was ord. Dec. 9, 1668, over the First Chuch, Boston ; but he sur vived this change but a short time. He wrote sermons, several controversial pamphlets, " A Discourse about Civil Govt. in a New Planta tion," " The Saint s Anchor-Hold in all Storms and Tempests," a Catechism containing the chief heads of the Christian religion, and other theol. tracts. Davenport, JOHN, lawyer, M.C., 1799- 1817, b. Stamford, Ct., 16 Jan. 1752 ; d. there 28 Nov. 1830. Y.C. 1770. Tutor there 1773. An active Revol. patriot, and a maj. in the co mm is. dept. Son of Col. Abraham. Hist. Stamford. Davenport, COL. WiLLiAM,b. Culpepper Co., Va., Oct. 12, 1769; d. Walnut Fountain, Caldwell Co., N.C., Aug. 19, 1859. He held at various times the offices of justice of tha 250 IXA.V peace, Co. surveyor, legislator, &c., aud con- trib. largely to the erection of the female coll. of Lenoir, which bears his name. Davenport, WILLIAM, col. U.S.A., b. N. C. ; d. Phila., Apr. 12, 1858. App. capt. 16 Inf., Sept. 28, 1812 ; maj. 6th Inf., Dec. 16, 1825 ; lieut.-col. 1st Inf., Apr. 4, 1832 ; in bat tle of Bad Axe, under Gen. Atkinson ; brev. col. for meritorious service in Florida, July 7, 1838; col. 6th Inf., June U, 1842; 1st Inf., July, 1843 ; resigned, Jan. 31, 1850. He dis- ting. himself at Chippewa and Bridgewater in the War of 1812, also in the Black Hawk and Florida wars. Gardner. David, JOHN B., D.D., Rom. Cath. bishop of Louisville, Ky. Consec. 15 Aug. 1819; d. 1841. Davidson, JOHN WYNN, brig. -gen. vols., b. Fairfax Co., Va., Aug. 18, 1824. West Point, 1845. Entering the 1st dragoons, he accompanied Gen. Kearney, in 1846, to Cul., in com. of a howitzer battery. Was in the battles of SanPasqual, Dec. 6, 1846 ; San Ber nardo, Dec. 7 ; San Gabriel, Jan. 8, 1847 ; Plains of Mesa, Jan. 9, 1847 ; Clear Lake, Cal., May 17, 1850, and at Russian River, June 17, 1850, under Capt. Nath. Lyon. He fought the battle of Cieniguilla, N. Mexico, Mar. 30, 1854, against the Apache and Utah Indians, losing 3-4 of his command, and being himself wounded. Capt. 20 Jan. 1855 ; maj. 2d Cav. Nov. 14, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. Feb. 3, 1862 ; com. a brigade in Smith s division in the Potomac Army. He served at the battles of Lee s Mills, Apr. 5, 1862; Mechanicsville, May 24 ; Golding s farm, June 28, and White- oak Swamp, June 30. Early in Aug. he was transferred to the dept. of the Mpi., and put in com. of the S. E. dist. of Mo. He co-ope rated with Gen. Steele in his exped. against Little Rock, meeting the rebel cavalry at Bavou Metre; was in the actions of Ash ley s Mills, Ark., and Little Rock, 10 Sept. 1863; com. cav. exped. from Baton Rouge to Pascagoula, 24 Nov. 1864; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for capt. of Little Rock; maj.-gen. for merit, services in the Rebellion; lieut.-col. 10th Cav. 1 Dec. 1866. Outturn. Davidson, LUCRETIA MARIA, a remarka ble instance of early genius, b. Plattsburg, N.Y., Sept. 27, 1808; d. Aug. 27, 1825. When but four years old, a number of her lit tle books were found to be filled with rude drawings, accompanied with explanatory verses written in characters of the printed alphabet. From an early age, every leisure moment was devoted to reading. The earliest of her pro ductions which are preserved were written when she was 9 years old. So early, ardent, and so fatal a pursuit of intellectual improve ment is unparalleled, except in the cases of Chatterton and Kirke White. In Oct. 1824, a gentleman who knew her intense desire for education placed her at a female seminary, where her incessant application soon destroyed her constitution, previously debilitated by dis ease ; and she d. before completing her 17th year. A biog. sketch, with a coll. of her po ems, was pub. by S. F. B. Morse, in 1829, en titled " Arnir Khan and other Poems, the Re mains of L. M. Davidson." Although a great part of her compositions were destroyed, 278 remain. See Life, by Catharine M. Sedqwick, 1843. Davidson, MARGARET MILLER, poetess, sister of L. M., b. Mar. 26, 1823 ; d. Nov. 25, 1 837. Sharing her sister s precocity, she began to write at 6 years of age. At 10, she wrote and acted in a passionate drama in society at N.Y., and, notwithstanding the warning of her sister s fate, her intellectual activity was not restrained. Margaret s poems were issued under the au spices of Washington Irving ; and the works of both sisters were pub. together in 1850. A vol. of Selections from the Writings of Mrs. Margaret M. Davidson, the mother, with a preface by Miss C. M. Sedgwick, appeared in 1 843. Lieut. L. P. Davidson, U.S.A., the bro. of Margaret and Lucretia, who also d. young, wrote verses with elegance and ease. Davidson, GEN. WILLIAM, Revol. officer, b. Lancaster Co., Pa., 1746; killed at the bat tle of Cowan s Ford, N.C., Feb. 1, 1781. In 1750, he removed with his family to Rowan Co., N.C., and was educated at Charlotte Acad. App. a major in 1776, he served under Wash ington, until in Nov. 1779, detached to re-en force the army of Gen. Lincoln, at which time he com. his regt. with the rank of lieut.-col. Visiting his family on the way, he was saved from captivity, as the investiture of Charleston prevented him from rejoining his regiment. In an engagement at the head of some militia, with a party of loyalists, near Calson s Mill, he was severely wounded ; but, having been app. brig.-gen. by the State of N.C., took the field 8 weeks after, and exerted himself to interrupt the progress of Cornwallis. Detached by Greene, on the last day of Jan. 1781, to guard the very ford selected by Cornwallis for his passage of the Catawba, Davidson posted him self there at night at the head of 300 men, and was killed on the following day. Congress decreed him a monument. Roycrs. Davie, WILLIAM RICHARDSON, lawyer, statesman, and soldier, b. Egreinont, near White Haven, Eng., June 20, 1756 ; d. Camden, S.C., Nov. 8, 1820. N.J. Coll. 1776. His father brought him to S.C. soon after the peace of 1763, and, returning to Eng., confided him to the care of Rev. Wm. Richardson, his maternal uncle, who educated and adopted him as his son and heir. He commenced the study of law at Salisbury ; but, soon obtaining a lieutenancy in a troop of dragoons, he succeeded to the com., annexed it to the legion of Pulaski in 1779, and was promoted by Gen. Lincoln to be brigade-major. He fought at Stono, where he was severely wounded, at Hanging Rock, and Rocky Mount. Taking the field with a legionary corps, and rank of maj., after expend ing the last shilling of the estate bequeathed to him by his uncle, in its equipment, he was actively engaged in protecting the country between Charlotte and Camden from the enemy s predatory excursions. When Corn wallis entered Charlotte, N.C., Col. Davie severely handled Tarleton s legion, killing a large number, and wounding its commander, Maj. Hanger, withdrawing his own force without loss. His efficiency in saving the remnant of. the army after its overthrow at CaraUen, a* 251 well as his other services, procured for him the rank of col. com. of the cavalry of the State. Gen. Greene, on taking com. of the Southern dept., gave him the post of commiss., in which his zeal, talents, influence, and local knowledge contrib. greatly to the successful operations which followed. After the war, he settled, at Halifax, on the Roanoke, in the practice of law, and soon rose to great eminence. He was possessed of great sagacity, knowledge, and eloquence ; was many years a member of the State legisl. In 1787, he was a delegate to the convention which framed the Federal Constitu tion ; but the illness of his family called him home before its labors were terminated, and his name does not appear on that instrument. In the convention of N.C., he was its most able champion. To him the U. of N.C. is mainly indebted for its establishment and support. App. a major-gen, of the State militia ; in 1799, he was gov. of the State, but was soon after sent by Pres. Adams with Ellsworth and Mur ray on a mission to France. Soon after his return, he withdrew from public life to his farm at Tivoli, on the Catawba River, S.C. App. a maj.-gen. by the govt. in Mar. 1813, he declined on account of bodily infirmities occa sioned by his wounds in the Revol. He was a man of commanding appearance, affable, hos pitable, and delightful as a companion. See iSpurks s Amer. Biog., vol xv., 2d series. Davies, CHARLES, LL.D. (Gen. Coll. 1840), mathematician, b. Washington, Ct., 22 Jan. 1798. West Point, 1815. Emig. to St. Lawrence Co., N.Y. He worked on a farm till he entered West Point in 1814. Prof, at West Point from Dec. 1816 to May, 1837 ; at Trinity Coll. in 1839-41, and in the N.Y. U. in 1848-9, when he withdrew to his residence at Fishkill Landing, N.Y., and completed his series of text-books. He afterward resumed his profes sional duties, first in the Normal School at Albany, and in Columb. Coll. in 1857-65. His works are characterized by great perspicuity, and close logical arrangement. They consist of a series of arithmetics, algebras, and geome tries, " Elements of Surveying," " Shades, Shadows, and Perspective," " Differential and Integral Calculus/ "Grammar of Arithmetic," " Practical Mathematics," " Logic of Mathe matics," and " Mathematical Dictionary " ( with G. W. Peck). Prof. Davies was a paymaster in the army in 1841-5 ; d. Fishkill, Sep.* 17, 76. Davies, SAMUEL, D.D., divine and scholar, b. Newcastle Co., Del., Nov. 3, 1723; d. Princeton, N.J., Feb. 4, 1761. He was care fully and religiously educated at home by David his father, a pious Welsh planter ; studied at Mr. Blair s school at Fogg s Manor. Was licensed to preach, July 30, 1746; ord. Feb. 19, 1747, and officiated at different places in Hanover Co., Va., where dissenters from the established Episcopal Church of Va. were ob noxious to the civil authorities. The success of his labors led to a controversy between him and the king s atty-gen., as to whether the act of toleration which had been passed in Eng. for the relief of Protestant dissenters extended also to Va., a question ultimately decided in the affirmative. Sent with Gilbert Tennent to Eng in 1753 to solicit funds for the Coll. of N.J., he preached with acceptance there and in Scotland, and succeeded in the object of his mission. On his return in Feb. 1755, he re sumed his pastoral labors, and, after Braddock s defeat, preached a sermon which was pub., in a note to which occur* the prophetic passage " That heroic youth, Col. Washington, whom I cannot but hope Providence has hitherto pre served in so signal a manner for some impor tant service to his country." The First Va. presbytery was established through his efforts m 1755, and July 26, 1759, he succeeded Jona than Edwards as pres. of the N.J. Coll. A coll. of his sermons was pub. Lond., 1767, in 5 vols., and passed through several editions in Great Britain and Amer. The edition of his sermons pub. N.Y., 1851, 3 vols., 8vo, contains an essay on the Life and Times of Davies, by Rev. Albert Barnes. He was an eloquent preacher ; and his sermons are highly esteemed for elegance of style, as well as their masterly treatment of important subjects. He also wrote verses of considerable merit, among them an elegy on his old preceptor, Samuel Blair. His son COL. WILLIAM left N.J. Coll. in 1775, became an officer in the army, and enjoyed the esteem of Washington. He was app. a sub- inspector under Steuben, in April, 1778, and was the most efficient of his assistants. He was afterward in the auditor s office, Richmond, and removed to Sussex Co., where he died. Davies, THOMAS ALFRED, brig. -gen. vols., b. St. Lawrence Co., N.Y., Dec. 1809. West Point, 1829. Entering the 1st Inf., he resigned in 1831 ; followed mercantile pursuits and civil engineering in N.Y. City, where, in 1840-41, he was engaged on the Croton Aqueduct. In May, 1861, he became col. 16th N.Y. vols. In the first battle of Bull Run, he was acting brig., com. the left wing of the army, and, for his gal lantry on that occasion, was made brig.-gen. March 7, 1862. Joining the army of the West, under Gen. Halleck, he com. the2d division in the movement against Corinth, and took part in the battle of Oct. 3-4, 1862 ; com. the dis trict of Rolla, Mo., Mar. 1863 to Mar. 1864, and of N. Kans. 1864-5. He is the author of " Answer to Hugh Miller and Theoretical Geologists," " Cosmogony," 8vo, 1858. Davila y Padilla (da -ve-Hle pa-deT-ya), AUGUSTIN, became bishop of St. Domingo ; d. 1 604. Author of " History of the Province of Santiago de Mexico," 1596. Davis, ANDREW JACKSON, clairvoyant, b. Blooming Grove, Orange Co., N.Y., Aug. 11, 1826. His parents were extremely poor, and his youth was passed in various labors, with but little schooling. Early in 1843, Mr. Wm. Levingston of Poughkeepsie, by mesmerism, developed in him extraordinary clairvoyant powers. He discoursed learnedly on medical, psychological, and scientific subjects, and suc cessfully treated diseases. March 7, 1844, dur ing a trance of 16 hours, he conversed, as he asserts, with invisible beings, and received inti mations and instructions concerning the posi tion he was subsequently to occupy as a teacher from the interior state. In Nov. 1845, he dic tated to Rev. Wm. Fishbough, at New York, while clairvoyant, his first and most consider able work, " The Principles of Nature, her 252 Divine Relations, and a Voice to Mankind," 8vo, 800 pp. This book presents a wide range of subjects, and repudiates any special author ity in the teachings of the Bible. He has pub. several other works under the same influence, the " Great Harmonia," 4 vols. ; the " Ap proaching Crisis ; " the " Penetralia," 1 856 ; the " Present Age," and " Inner Life," " Review of Dr. Bushnell on Supernaturalism ; " * Philoso phy of Spiritual Intercourse," 8vo ; " Philosophy of Special Providences ; " " Free Thoughts con cerning Religion," 8vo, 1854; "Harmonial Man," 8vo. He is more successful as a writer than as a lecturer, and has been principally in strumental in inaugurating the modern move ment known as " Spiritualism." See the Macjic Staff, an Autobiog. of A. J. Davis, 1857. Davis, ASAHEL, b. Ms., 1791. Pub. " An cient America, and Researches of the East," 30th thousand, 1854, and lecture on "The Discov. of Amer. by the Northmen," 1840. Davis, CHARLES AUG., a shipping-mer chant of N.Y., and a political writer, b. 1795 ; d. 27 Jan. 1867.- Well versed in finan cial and commercial affairs : he was also a bril liant and genial writer upon those topics. Author of the " Peter Scriber Letters " in the Commercial Advertiser, and " Major Jack Down- ing s Letters " in the same paper, detailing his interviews with Gen. Jackson, and the plans for overthrowing the U.S. Bank. Davis, CHARLES HENRY, LL.D. (H.U. 1868), mathematician, rear-adm. U. S. N., b. Boston, Ms., Jan. 16, 1807. Son of Daniel, U.S. solicitor-gen, for Ms. H.U. 1825. Mid- shipm. Aug. 12, 1823; lieut. Mar. 3, 1834; com. June 12, 1854; capt. 15 Nov. 1861; commo. July 16, 1862 ; chief of bureau of navi gation, July 17, 1862 ; rear-adm. Feb. 7, 1863. From 1844 to 1849, he was engaged in the U.S. coast-survey. In 1846-9, while surveying the waters about Nantucket, he discovered the New South Shoal, and several smaller shoals di rectly in the track of ships sailing between N. Y. and Europe, and of coasting-vessels from Boston. He was subsequently engaged in ex amining the state of the harbors of Boston, N. Y., Charleston, &c. These investigations led him to the study of the laws of tidal action. See his " Memoir upon the Geological Action of the Tidal and other Currents of the Ocean " (Memoirs of the Am. Acad., new series, vol. iv.), and "The Law of Deposit of the Flood Tide" (Smiths. Contribs. vol. iii.). Hefounded the " Amer. Nautical Almanac," superintend ing it from 1849 to 1856, when he was ordered to naval service in the Pacific in com. of the sloop of war " St. Mary s." He was fleet-capt. in Dupont s exped. against Port Royal, and second in com., and was assigned to the Mpi. flotilla. May 9, 1862, he was app. flag-officer of the flotilla, and on the llth repulsed an at tack by the rebel fleet. June 8, he attacked the rebel fleet opposite Memphis, capturing or destroying all but one vessel. The surrender of Memphis immediately followed. He then joined Adm. Farragut, and was engaged in the various operations ab. Vicksburg. With Gen. Curtis, he operated up the Yazoo in Aug. 1862, with complete success. Supt. Naval Obser vatory, Washington, 1865-7 ; com. S. Atlantic squad., 1867-9. Author of an English trans lation of Gauss s " Theoria Motus Corporum Ccelestium," Boston, 1858, and of shorter trans lations and articles on mathematical astronomy and geodesy ; d. Annapolis, Md., Feb. 18, 1877. Davis, DANIEL, soldier, killed Sept. 17, 1814, in the sortie from Fort Erie. App. lieut.- col. comg. N.Y. vols., June 29, 1812; brig.- gen. 1814. Davis, DANIEL, lawyer, b. Barnstable, Ms., May 8, 1762; d. Cambridge, Oct. 27, 1835. He settled in Falmouth, now Portland, Me., in 1782 ; was successful at the bar; was 6 years in the house, and 6 years in the senate, of Ms., where he was disting. as a debater ; U.S. atty. for Me., 1796-1801 ; solicitor.-gen. of Ms., 1800-32. He removed to Boston in 1804, and in 1832 to Cambridge. Admiral Charles H. Davis is his son. Author of " Criminal Justice," 8vo, 2d ed. 1828 ; " Pre cedents of Indictments," 8vo, 1831. Willis s Lawyers of Maine. Davis, DAVID, jurist, b. Cecil Co., Md., Mar. 9, 1815. Ken. Coll. 1832. Studied law in Ms. and N. Haven ; in 1835, adm. to the bar, and settled in Bloomington, 111. ; member State legisl. 1844; of the State Const. Conv., 1847 ; judge of the 8th jud. circuit, 1848-62 ; app. judge U.S. Supreme Court, Dec. 8, 1862. For many years, the intimate friend of Abraham Lincoln, and delegate to the Chicago conven tion, which in 1860 nominated him for pres ident. Davis, EDWIN HAMILTON, M.D. (Gin. Coll. 1837), physician and archaeologist, b. Ross Co., O., Jan. 22, 1811. -Ken. Coll. 1833. He explored the mounds of the Scioto Valley, and read a paper on that subject before the Philomathesian Society, subsequently enlarged and delivered at the coll. commencement of 1833. The suggestions of Daniel Webster, then making a tour in the West, stimulated him to continue these researches ; and the re sults of 1 5 years diligent study and exploration are embodied in " The Monuments of the Mis sissippi Valley," vol. i. of the " Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge." He practised his prof, in Chillicothe until 1850, when, on the establishment of the N.Y. Med. Coll., he was called to the chair of materia medica and therapeutics, which he still holds. He has been a con trib. to scientific and medical journals, besides being for a time one of the conductors of the American Medical Monthly, In the spring of 1854, he delivered a course of lectures on archaeology before the Lowell Institute, Boston. Author of "Report on the Statistics of Cal- culous Diseases in Ohio," 8vo, 1850. Davis, EMERSON, D.D. (H.U. 1847), Cong, clergyman and author, b. Ware, Ms., July 15, 1798 ; d. Westfield, Ms., June 8, 1866. Wms. Coll. 1821. He was preceptor of the Westfield acad. one year ; tutor in the coll. one year; resumed his preceptorship, and June 1, 1836, was settled over the First Church in Westfield. He was active in the cause of edu cation ; was vice-pres. of Wms. Coll. 1861-8. In 1852, he pub. " The Half-Century," a work of great research, reprinted in Great Britain ; " The Teacher Taught," Bost., 1839 ; " Hist. Sketch of Westfield," 1826. He also pub, 253 sermons, addresses, and essays. He left 5 MS. vols. of biographies of Trinit. Cong, clergy men, now in the Cong. Library, Boston. Davis, GARRET, lawyer and senator, b. Mount Stirling, Ky., Sept. 10, 1801. He re ceived a classical education ; was employed as a writer in the County and Circuit Courts of his dist. ; was adm. to the bar in 1823, and at tained distinction and a lucrative practice. Member of the State legisl. in 1833-6; of the State Const. Conv. in 1839; M.C. 1839-47; and a Democ. U.S. senator since 1861. He was an intimate personal and political friend of Henry Clay, was a leader in the Whig party, and was very active in preventing the secession of his State in 1861 ; d. Paris, Ky., Sep. 22, 1872. Davis, HENRY, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1810), an eminent Presb. divine, b. East Hampton, N.Y., Sept. 15, 1771 ; d. Clinton, N.Y., March 8, 1852. Y. C. 1796. His ancestors were from Kidderminster, Eng. He was tutor at Wms. and at Yale Colls. 7 years, studied theology, and soon became known as a preacher of great ability and eloquence. Prof, of Greek at Un. Coll., from 1806 to 1809 ; pres. of Middl. Coll., Vt., from Dec. 1809 to July, 1817, when he be came pres. of Ham. Coll., N.Y., which office he resigned in April, 1833. Dr. Davis was active in establishing the Theol. Sera, at Au burn, N.Y., and in behalf of foreign missions. He pub. an inaugural oration at Middlebury, Feb. 21, 1810, a number of sermons and ad dresses, and a narrative of the embarrassments and decline of Ham. Coll., April, 1833. Sprague. Davis, HENRY WINTER, LL.D., states man, b. Annapolis, Md., Aug. 16, 1817 ; d. Baltimore, Dec. 30, 1865. Ken. Coll. 1837. Son of an Episc. clergyman, and prof, in St. John s Coll., Annapolis ; studied law; was adm. to the bar at Alexandria, Va., and rapidly rose to distinction. Removing to Baltimore in 1850, he attained celebrity by his defence of Dr. Johns, in the Episc. convention, against the accusation of Bishop Whittingham. M.C. in 1858-61 and 1863-5, serving on the commit tee of ways and means. In 1859, he voted for Petmington, the Repub. candidate for speaker, drawing down upon himself a storm of abuse. Though representing a border slave-State dur ing the Rebellion, he was conspicuous in Con gress for his uncompromising radicalism, his early advocacy of emancipation, and of arming the negroes. He made a great speech in the summer of 1865, at Chicago, in favor of negro suffrage. In the 38th Congress, he served with disting. ability as chairman of the com. of foreign affairs. He pub. in 1852 " The War of Ormuzd and Ahriman in the 19th Centu ry." Feb. 22, 1866, a eulogy was pronounced upon him by Senator Creswell, by order of the house. His speeches were pub. by Cress- well, 8vp, 1867. Davis, JEFFERSON, soldier and statesman, b. Christian Co., Ky., 3 June, 1808. He stud ied at Transylv.Coll., grad. West Point, 1828 ; served as a lieut. of inf. in the Black Hawk war, 1831-2; 1st lieut. of dragoons against the Pawnees and other Indian tribes in 1 833- 5 ; resigned, and became a cotton-planter in Mpi. A Democ. M. C. in 1845-6, and con spicuous in the discussions on the tariff, Ore gon, and the Mexican war ; col. of the Mpi Rifles, and prominent at Monterey and Buena Vista, and highly commended by Gen. Taylor in his official despatch ; U.S. senator in 1847- 51, and in 1857-Jan. 1861; candidate for gov. of Mpi. in 1851, defeated by H. S. Foote, Union candidate ; sec. of war in Mr. Pierce s cabinet, 1853-7; prominent in the secession movement of 1860-1 ; chosen pres. of the provisional govt., formed by the secessionists, 4 Feb. 1861 ; elec. pres. for 6 years of the Con federate States, in Nov. 1861, and inaug. 22 Feb. 1862; taken prisoner at Irwinville in Southern Ga., 10 May, 1865 ; confined 2 years in Fortress Monroe, and then released on bail ; included in the gen. amnesty of 25 Dec. 1868. He m. a dau. of Pres. Taylor. In the senate, he was a prominent advocate of slavery, of State rights, and of a southern route for the Pacific Railroad, and a conspicuous opponent of the French Spoliation Bill. As sec. of war, he was popular with the army. Among his measures were the revision of the army regula tions, the introduction of the light infantry 01 rifle-system of tactics, the manuf. of rifled arms, the increase of the army, and scientific explorations of the West for determining the best route for the Pacific Railroad. As a speak er, he is fluent, earnest, vigorous, and terse. Davis, JEFFERSON C. brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A., b. Clarke Co., Ind., March 2, 1828. His ancestors were noted in the Indian wars of Ky. ; William his grandfather having been in the battle at River Raisin. Leaving the Clarke Co. Sem. on the breaking-out of the Mexican war, he joined Col. J. H. Lane s regt., partici pated in the battle of Buena Vista and in the entire Mexican campaign, and, for gallant con duct, was made 2d lieut. 1st U.S. Art., June 17, 1848; became 1st lieut. in 1852; took charge of the first garrison placed in Fort Sumter in Aug. 1858, and was there during the bombard ment in April, 1861 ; capt. May 14, 1861 ; col. 22d Ind. vols. He was given a brigade by Gen, Fremont, with whom he served in Mo. He also com. a brigade under Gens. Hunter and Pope. For his conduct at Milford, in Central Mo., where he captured a superior force with a large quantity of military supplies, he was made brig.-gen. Dec. 18, 1861, and at the battle of Pea Ridge com. one of the four divisions of Gen. Curtis s army. His division fought, March 7, the battle of Leetown, one of the most sanguinary and decisive of the war. The next day, Col. Davis stormed and carried the heights of Elkhorn, capturing five cannon, and deciding the battle of Pea Ridge against the rebels. He was then transferred to Gen. Halleck s army at Corinth, and after its evacuation was given a division in the army of the Tenn. Sept. 29, meeting Gen. Nelson at a hotel in Louisville, an affray ensued, in which Nelson was killed. After being a short time under arrest, he was restored to duty, and or dered to Covington. He led his old division, 20th army corps, in the thickest of the fight at Stone River, holding the centre of the right wing, and, for good conduct on that occasion, was strongly recommended by Rosecrar s to a maj.-genship. He was in the battle of Chick- 254 amauga ; in the Atlanta campaign, and com. the 14th corps in Sherman s march through Georgia and in North Carolina. Col. 23d Inf., July 28, 1866 ; brev. raaj.-gen. U. S. A., March 13/1865. copies having been distributed. He opposed in the senate the Mexican war ; supported the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ; and, in the great controversy which followed as to the disposi- --, -. tion to be made of the U.S. Territories, he was Davis, JOHN, an eminent English mariner, decided and earnest in favor of excluding sla- b. Sandridge, Devonshire; d. Dec. 1605. He very from them. He supported the Wilruot Proviso, and was one of the most decided oppo nents of the compromise acts of 1850. No public man ever enjoyed more fully than Mr. Davis the confidence of the people; and he was popularly known as "Honest John Davis. "- See Memoir, in Amer. Antiq. Soc., Trans, v. i. Davis, JOHN A. G., law prof, at Wm. and Mary Coll. from 1830 to 14 Nov. 1840, when he d. from a pistol-shot fired by a disguised student; b. Middlesex Co., Va., 1801. Win. and Mary Coll. He practised law in Albemarle Co., and for some years pub. a weekly journal at Charlottesville. Author of a " Manual for Justices of the Peace," 1838 ; a tract on " Es tates Tail," &c., and one on "Protection of Domestic Manufactures." Davis, JOHN W., politician, b. Cumberland Co., Pa., 1799; d. at Carlisle, Ind., Aug. 22, 1859. After completing his medical studies at Baltimore, he emigrated to Ind. in 1823; served in the legisl. ; was speaker of the lower branch ; and was a commissioner to treat with the In dians; M. C. in 1835-7, 1839-41, 1843-7, and speaker during his last term. He was in 1848 app. commissioner to China; was gov. of Ore gon Terr, in 1853-4, and was pres of the Balti more convention in 1852. Davis, MATTHEW L., author, b. 1766; d. Manhattan ville, June 21, 1850. A printer by trade. He became an active politician, and a fre quent contrib. to the public journals. He early attached himself in politics to the fortunes of Aaron Burr, and advocated his elevation to the presidency. For many years before Burr s death, Mr. Davis was apparently his only at tached friend. Sept. 15, 1797, he was asso ciated with Freneau in the publication of the Timepiece and Literary Companion in N. York, discontinued Aug. 30, 1798. He was the Wash ington correspondent of the N. Y. Courier and Inquirer, under the. signature of " The Spy in Washington," and was also a contrib. to the London Times over the nom de plume of the " Genevese Traveller." Author of " Memoirs of Aaron Burr," 2 vols., 8vo, and edited his Diary. Davis, RICHARD BINGHAM, poet; d. at the residence of his father in New Brunswick, in 1799, a. 28. He edited the Diary in 1796. His poems, with a sketch of his life, by John T. Irving, were pub. 1807. Davis, SYLVANUS, an early settler and sol dier of Maine ; d. Boston, 1704. He bought land of the Indians at Damariscotta, June, 1659; resided some time at Shcepscott ; was severely wounded while making his escape from Fort Arowsic; captured by Indians in Aug. 1676 ; accomp. Maj. Waldron s expcd. early in 1677 ; resided in Falmouth, where he owned land, in 1680 ; com Fort Loyal, Falmouth, and was obliged to surrender it to the French and Indians, May 20, 1690, after 5 days defence; carried prisoner to Quebec, and exchanged 4 months after, and was a counsellor in 1691-2 went to sea when young, and acquired so much reputation in his profession as to be intrusted in 1585 with the com. of an exped. for the discovery of a north-west passage to the East Indies. In this voyage, he discovered the straits in the Arctic Sea leading to Baffin s Bay, which still bear his name. Davis twice more visited the polar regions, and in 1591 went with Cav endish in his second unfortunate expedition to the South Sea. He then made 5 voyages to the E. Indies as a pilot; and during the last of these, while serving under Sir Edmund Mi- chelbourne, he was killed in an engagement with some Japanese off the coast of Malacca. He wrote accounts of some of his voyages, a treatise entitled " The World s Hydrographical Description," and the " Seaman s Secrets," 1595 ; and he is said to have invented a quad rant for taking the sun s altitude at sea, which preceded the use of Hadley s sextant. Davis, JOHN, LL.D. (H. U. 1842), jurist, b. Plymouth, Ms., Jan. 25, 1761 ; d. Boston, Jan. 14, 1847. H. U. 1781. Pie taught for a time in the family of Gen. Joseph Otis of Barnstable ; studied law, and began practice in Plymouth in 1786. He was some years in the Ms. legisl. ; was the youngest member and last survivor of the convention to adopt the U.S. Constitution; member of the State senate, 1795; comptroller U.S. treasury, 1795; dist.- atty. for Ms., 1796, and U.S. dist. judge for Ms., from 1801 till his death. Delegate to the State Const. Conv. of 1820. Judge Davis was one of the most profound antiquarians of N.E. His notes to " Morton s Memorial " are a monument to his learning. He was a member of many learned societies, and pres. of the Ms. Hist. Soc. from 1818 to 1843. He pub. an address before the Ms. Charitable Society, 1799; a eulogy on Washington ; " The Inscriptions on Dighton Rock;" an address on comets, and another, 22 Dec. 1813, in commem. of the landing of the Pilgrims, before the Ms. Hist. Society. Davis, JOHN, LL.D. (H. U. 1834), states man, b. Northborough, Ms., Jan. 13, 1787; d. Worcester, April 19, 1854. Y. Coll. 1812. Adm. to the bar of Worcester Co. in 1815, and settled at Worcester, where he became an emi nent lawyer and politician. M. C. from 1825 to 1833, and disting. himself in questions of a financial and commercial character. Gov. of Ms., 1833-5 and 1840-1 ; U.S. senator from 1835 to 1841 and from 1845 to 1853. In Con gress, he was an advocate for protection to American industry ; and his speeches in reply to McDuffie, Cambreling, and others, were re garded as the best statements and defences of the protective theories. He was a consistent opponent of Jackson s administration and that of Van Buren, and contributed, in a short speech against the sub-treasury in 1840, the most efficient electioneering pamphlet for the canvass of that year ; more than a million 255 His account of the conduct of the war is in 3 Ms. Hist. Colls., i., 101. Dawes, HENRY LAURENS, statesman, b. Cummington, Ms., Oct. 30, 1816. Y.C. 1839. A lawyer by profession. He taught school, and edited the Greenfield Gazette. Adm. to the bar in 1842, and settled at N. Adams, where he edited the Transcript. Member of the Ms. legisl. in 1848-9 and 1852; of the State sen ate, 1850, and of the State Const. Conv. of 1853; dist.-atty. for the western dist. of Ms., 1853-7 ; M. C. since 1857, and one of the most useful men in that body. Chairman of the com. of ways and means. Dawes!, RUFUS, poet, b. Boston, Jan. 26, 1803; d. Washington, D.C., Nov. 30, 1859. Son of Judge Thomas Dawes. He entered H. U. in 1820, but did not graduate. Studied law with Win. Sullivan, and was admitted to the bar, but never practised. A contrib. to the U. S. Lit. Gazette, and conducted, for a time, the Emerald, a journal printed at Baltimore. He pub. in 1830 "The Valley of the Nasha- way, and Other Poems;" in 1839, " Geral- dine, Athenia of Damascus, and Miscellaneous Poems," and "Nix s Mate," a hist, romance, 1840. He was a Sweden borgian, and fre quently officiated in the pulpits of that denomi nation. He had latterly been employed in one of the depts. at Washington. Dawes, COL. THOMAS, Revol. patriot and architect, b. Boston, Aug. 5, 1731 ; d. Jan. 2, 1809. A mechanic. He received only a com mon-school education, but took a deep interest in the controversy with Great Britain ; was col. of the Boston regt. in 1773-8; and was several times a member of the house and sen ate, and State counsellor. He often presided at town-meetings in Boston, and managed them with great tact. Member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Dawes, THOMAS, jurist, b. Boston, July 8, 1758 ; d. July 22, 1825. H. U. 1777. Son of Col. Thomas. He was a zealous Whig, and an eminent counsellor. Member of the State Const. Convs. of 1780 and 1820, and of that which adopted the Federal Constitution in 1789. Judge Supreme Court, 1792-1803, Mu nicipal Court, 1803-23, and judge of Probate until his death. Member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. His literary productions were highly popular, and his witticisms were pro verbial. He pub. an oration, July 4, 1787; " The Law Given on Mount Sinai," a poem, ?777, and an oration on the Boston Massacre. Dawson, HENRY BARTON, historian, b. Gosbertou, near Boston, Eng., June 8, 1821. He came with his parents to N. Y. in 1834; pursued various avocations until 1845, when he pub. the Crystal Fount, a temperance news paper, discont. in 1847. He has pub. "The Park and its Vicinity," for the manual of the Common Council of N. Y., 1855; "The Life and Times of Anne Hutchinson," for the Bap tist Hist. Soc. ; " The Retreats through West- diester Co. in 1776," for the N. Y. Hist. Soc.; " The Battles of the U. S. by Sea and Land," 1858 ; " The Fcederalist," with a hist, and bib- liog. introduction, 1863; "The Assault of Stony Point by Gen. Anthony Wayne," 1863; " Current Fictions tested by Uncurrent Facts ; " " Diary of David How," a soldier of the Revol., 1865; "Dring s Recollections of the Jersey Prison-Ship," 1865. From May 6, 1855, to Mar. 31, 1866, he edited the Gazette, a week ly Democ. newspaper at Yonkers, N.Y. Four vols. of selections from this paper have been pub. He has edited the Historical Magazine since July 1, 1866. His " Battles of the U. S." brought on a controversy upon the merits of Gen. Israel Putnam, between himself and Messrs. Griswold and Doming of Hartford, m the Daily Post of that city. Dawson, JOHN, statesman, b. Va., 1762; d. Washington, Apr. 1, 1814. H. U. 1782. Member of the convention of 1789, also of the gen. assembly and exec, council of Va. ; M. C. from the Fredericksburg dist. from 1797 to 1814 ; bearer of despatches to France in 1801, and vol. aide to Gen. Jackson in 1813. Dawson, JOHN L., democ. politician, b. Uniontown, Pa., 7 Feb. 1813 ; d. there 18 Sept. 1870. Wash. Coll. He practised law; was app. dist.-atty. for Western Pa. in 1845 ; M.C. in 1851-5 and 1863-7, and was a delegate to the Democ. nat. conventions of 1844, 48, 56, and 60. App. gov of Kansas in 1855, but declined. Author of the Homestead Bill of 1854. Dawson, J. W., educator, and man of sci ence, b. Pictou, N.S., Oct. 1820. Edinb. U. 1840. Returning to Nova Scotia in 1841, he travelled with Sir Charles Lyell, under whose direction he made explorations in that province, and described its geology in the " Proceedings of the Geological Soc. of London." He lec tured on botany and geology in the Acad. of Pictou and in the Dalhousie Coll. ; pub. some educational works, and from 1850 to 1853 was supt. of instruction for N. S. In 1855, he was app. principal of McGill Coll. Member of many scientific associations ; has pub. numer ous papers in their " Transactions ; " also a "Handbook of the Geography and Nat. Hist, of Nova Scotia," 1848; "Hints to the Farmers of N. S.," 1853; "Acadian Geology," 1855, and " Archaia," 1859. Morgan. Dawson, WILLIAM C., lawyer and senator, b. Greene Co., Ga., Jan. 4, 1798; d. Greens- borough, Ga., May 5, 1856. Franklin Coll. 1816. Adm. to the bar, he settled at Greens- borough in 1818, where he was eminently suc cessful as a jury lawyer. He was for 12 years clerk of the H. of representatives of Ga., and several times senator and representative in the legisl; M. C. 1837-42; app. in 1845 judge of Ockmulgee Circuit ; and from 1849 to 1855 he was a U. S. senator, serving on important committees, and speaking on many questions of national interest, and commanded a wide influence. During the Creek and Seminole war in 1836, he raised a vol. company for special service. In the house, he was chairman of the military com., and also of the com. on claims. He pub. " Laws of Georgia," 4to, 1831. Lan- man. Day, HENRY NOBLE, prof, of rhetoric, West. Res. Coll., 1840, b. Ct., 1808. Y. C. 1828. Author of " Art of Elocution," " Art of Rhetoric," 12mo, 1850; "Art of Eng, Composition," " Elements of Logic," and " In- trod, to Eng. Literature." 256 Day, JEREMIAH, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1818), LL.D. (Wms. and Mid. Colls., 1817), educa tor, b. New Preston, Ct., Aug. 3, 1773 ; d. N. Haven, Aug. 22, 1867. Y. C. 1795. Son of Rev. Jeremiah Day. Succeeded Dr. D wight as teacher of his school in Greenfield ; was a tutor in Williams Coll. in 1796-8; tutor at Yale in 1798-1801 ; prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. at Yale in 1801-17; pres. of that col lege in 1817-46. While a prof., he pub. some mathematical treatises, which have been ex tensively used, especially that on algebra. He pub. a treatise on the " Self-determining Power of the Will," 1838 ; " An Examination of Ed wards on the Will," " Course of Mathematics/ 8vo, N.Y., 1831 ; "Navigation and Surveying/ 8vo, N. Haven, 1817 ; occasional sermons, and contrib. papers to the Journal of Science, and the New-hnylander. See Com. Address, by Pres. Woohey, in Neiv-Englander, Oct. 1867. Day, JOHN, an eccentric individual, b. Eng. ; d. N.Y. in 1820, a. 103. In early life, he served in the British navy, and attained the rank of lieut. ; but, having killed in a duel a successful rival, he quitted the navy, and took refuge in Amer. Entering the army when the Revol. war broke out, he served as a private until its close, resuming again the servile and menial pursuits he had occupied himself in before the war. For more than 20 years after his arrival here, he never was known to speak to a female, and had little intercourse with males. His habits were temperate, his appearance slovenly, his beard long, and he never looked clean. His property, amounting to many thousand dollars, he bestowed upon an excellent and rep utable lady, who had been benevolent to him during his illness. In the low occupation of carrying the baskets of huckster-women from cellars to stalls, with the pitiful pittance of sixpence for the drudgery, he amassed thou sands. Ann. Obit., 1821. Day, MAHLON, publisher and philanthro pist, b. Morristown, N.J., 27 Aug. 1790; d. 27 Sept. 1854, by the wreck of the steamship " Arctic/ together with his wife and dau. Member of the society of Friends. Acquired wealth as a publisher, and, for 15 years before his death, had devoted his life to charitable and educational objects. Day, MARTHA, b. N. Haven, Feb. 13, 1813 ; d. there Dec. 2, 1833. Dau. of pres. Day. She attained great proficiency in mathematics and the languages, and wrote poetry of merit. Her "Literary Remains," with memorials of her life and character, was pub., by Prof. Kingsley, N. Haven, in 1834. Allibone. Daye, STEPHEN, the first printer in the English-Amer. Colonies, b. Lond., 1611 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., Dec. 22, 1668. A supposed descendant of John Daye, an eminent printer of Lond. (1560-83), and served his apprentice ship in that city. He came over in 1638, and was employed to superintend the press sent here by the Rev. Mr. Glover. Daye, by the direc tion of the magistrate and elders, set up a press, and prepared other parts of the appa ratus for printing at Cambridge in March, 1639. His first work was " The Freeman s Oath," next an " Almanack," calculated for tf . E., by Mr. Pierce, mariner ; the third was G hi. The Psalms," in metre, crown 8vo, 30G ,ges. His extant works do little credit to is skill. The printing-house was taken from him ab. 1648, and put in the .hands of Samuel Green, who empl. him as journeyman. Day, THOMAS, an English author and philanthropist, b. Lond., 22 June, 1748 ; killed by a kick from a horse, 28 Sept. 1789. In heriting a fortune, he studied, but never prac tised, law. In 1777, he m. MissMilnes. Took an active part in the public meetings of the time, and was an eloquent advocate of Amer. Independence, also expressing his sympathy for the cause, by two poems, " The Devoted Le gions," and the " Desolation of Amer./ 1777, and " Reflections upon the Present State of Eng. and the Indep. of Amer." by a pamph. He selected two young girls from a found ling-hospital, with the intention of educating them rationally, on the principles of Rousseau, and making one of them his wife ; but the experiment did not succeed. One of his pro- teg&s, however, did honor to his efforts, and m. his friend Bicknell. His most popular work is " Sandford and Merton," 1783. Day, THOMAS, LL.D. (Y.C. 1847), jurist, b. New Preston, Ct., July 6, 1777 ; d. Hart ford, March 1, 1855. Y.C. 1797. Son of Rev. Jeremiah Day, and bro. of Pres. Day. A autor in Williams Coll. in 1798; studied law, and commenced practice in 1799, in Hartford. In 1809, he was app. assist, sec. of the State of Ct. ; in 1810, sec., an office which he held until May, 1835; in May, 1815, assoc. judge of the Countv Court of Hartford, and annually thereafter, with the exception of one year, un til May, 1825, when he was made chief-judge of that court, and was continued in that office until June, 1833. He was a judge of the City Court of Hartford from 1818 to 1831 ; was one of the committee to prepare the statutes of 1808 and also of 1821 and 1824. He report ed the decisions of the Court of Errors from 1805 till 1853, pub. in 20 vols. He was an original member of the Ct. Hist. Soc., of which he was pres. from 1839 until his death. He was first pres. of the Wadsworth Athenae um, and a liberal contrib. to its funds. He pub. a " Digest of Reports of Sup. Court of Errors, from 1786 to 1829." Litchfidd Biog raphies. Dayton, ELIAS, Revol. officer, b. Eliza- bethtown, N. J., 1 737 ; d. there Oct. 22, 1807. He fought in Edward Hart s "Jersey Blues," un der Wolfe, at Quebec ; was one of the com. ol safety at the opening of the Revol., and in Jan, 1776, com. a party which captured a British transport off Elizabethtown. App. col. 3d N.J. regt. ; served in N.Y. andN.J.; was in the battles of Brandy wine, German town, Mon- mouth, Springfield, and siege of Yorktown ; aided in suppressing the mutiny of the N.J. line in Jan. 1781, and was made brig.-gen. 7 Jan. 1783. After the war, he was maj.-gen. of militia, member Cont. Congress, 1787-8, and often in the State legisl. Dayton, JONATHAN, LL.D. (N.J Coll. 1798), statesman, sou of the preceding, b. Elizabethrown, N.J., Oct. 16, 1760; d. there Oct. 9, 1824. N.J. Coll. 1776. App. paymas ter of his father s regt. Aug. 26, 1776 ; held sev- 257 sril commissions at different periods of the war ; was in many engagements, and at York- town had a com. under Lafayette, and aided in storming one of the British redoubts. He was a member of the N.J. legisl.; member of the convention which framed the Federal Con stitution, 1787 ; speaker of the house in 1790 ; M.C. 1791-9 ; speaker in 1795-9, and U.S. senator, 1799-1805. He afterward served sev eral terms in the State senate. He was arrest ed for alleged complicity in Burr s conspiracy, but was not proceeded against. Dayton, WILLIAM LKWIS, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1857), statesman, nephew of Jonathan, b. Baskingridge, N.J., Feb. 17, 1807; d. Paris, Dec. 1, 1864. N.J. Coll. 1825. Adm. to the bar in 1830 ; member of the State senate, and chairman of the judiciary com. in 1837 ; judge of the Superior Court from Feb. 28, 1838, to Nov. 1841 ; U.S. senator, 1S42-51 ; atty.-gen. of N.J., 1857-61; minister to France, 1861-4. In the senate debates on the Oregon question, the tariff, annexation of Texas, and the Mex ican war, he took the position of a Freesoil Whig. He maintained to the fullest extent the right of Congress to legislate with respect to slavery in the Territories ; opposed the com promises of 1850 ; advocated the admission of California as a free State, the abolition of the slave-trade in the Dist. of Columbia, and was particularly hostile to the fugitive-slave law. He ^Yas the Freesoil candidate for the vice-pres idency in 1856, and was a man of high integ rity, and an eloquent debater. Dean, AMOS, LL.D., jurist, b. Barnard, Vt., Jan. 16, 1803 ; d. Albany, Jan. 26, 1868. Un. Coll. 1822. Descended from Walter of Taunton. He studied law, and, on being adm. to the bar, soon attained a high reputation for his profound legal attainments. In 1833, he projected the Young Men s Assoc. of Albany, before which he delivered an interesting course of lectures in 1844. He prepared numerous law treatises, all of which have been recognized as standard works. In 1851, at the organiza tion of the law school, he was app. a prof., and had filled the chair of med. jurisprudence in the Albany Med. School, from its organization in 1 839. Author of " Medical Jurisprudence," 1854; "Lectures on Phrenology," 8vo, 1835 ; " Manual of Law," 8vo, 1838, and "Philosophy of Human Life," 8vo, 1839. His " History of Civilization," 7 vols., 8vo, has been pub. since his death. Deane, CHARLES, an historical student, b. at Biddeibrd, Me., Nov. 10, 1813 ; son of Dr. Ezra, descendant of Walter, one of the first set tlers of Taunton, Ms. Was many years a merchant of Boston, and latterly a resident of Cambridge. Mr. Deane is a member of the principal historical societies of the U.S., of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and the Amer ican Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1856, he received the hon. degree of A.M. from H. U., and in 1871 that of LL.D. from Bowd. Among his publications are " Some Notices of Samuel Gorton," 1850 ; " First Plymouth Pa tent," 1854; "Bibliog. of Gov. Hutchinson s Publications," 1857; " Wingfield s Discourse of Virginia," 1860 ; " Letters of Phillis Wheat- ley," 1864; Smith s "True Relation," 1866; "Remarks on Sebastian Cabot s Mappe Monde," 1867; "Memoir of George Liver more," 1869 ; " The Forms in issuing Letters Patent by the Crown of England," 1870. Sev eral of these (and others not here enumerated) originally appeared in the publications of the Ms. Hist. Soc., others in the Archaeologia Americana. Mr. Deane edited Gov. Bradford s "History of Plymouth Plantation," 1856, and Bradford s " Dialogue, or Third Conference," between old men and young men, 1870 ; and several vols. of Colls, and Proceedings of the Ms. Hist. Soc., of which body he is the rec. sec. Deane, JAMES, missionary to the Indians, b. Groton, Ct., Aug. 20, 1748; d. Westmore land, N.Y., Sept. 10, 1823. Dartm. Coll. 1773. Descended from James of Stonington. From the age of 12, he was with Rev. E. Mosely, missionary to the Oneidas, and mas tered their language. In 1773-4, he was a missionary to the Caghnawaga and the St. Francis tribes ; was afterward employed by Congress to conciliate the northern tribes, and, at the beginning of the Re vol. war, was made Indian agent and interpreter, with rank of ma jor, at Fort Stanwix, N.Y. Made prisoner by the Indians, who were about to kill him, hfs life was saved by the interposition of some squaws. Many years a judge of Oneida Co., and twice a member of the N.Y. assembly. He wrote an essay on Indian mythology, supposed to be lost. Dean, JAMES, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1847,) educator, b. Windsor, Nov. 26, 1776; d. Bur lington, Vt., Jan. 20, 1849. Dartm. Coll. 1800. Descended from James of Stonington. Tutor in the U. of Vt, in 1807-9, and prof, of mathematics and natural philosophy there from 1809 to 1814, and from 1821 to 1824. He pub. a " Gazetteer of Vermont," 1808 ; " Ad dress " on his induction as prof., Apr. 24, 1810. Alumni Dartm. Coll. Deane, JAMES, M.D., physician and natu ralist, b. Coleraine, Ms., Feb. 24, 1801; d. Greenfield, Ms., June 8, 1858. Descended from James, an early settler of Stonington. He spent his early life upon his father s farm, stud ied law in Greenfield, afterwards studied med icine, received the degree of M.D. in 1831, and practised in Greenfield. In 1835, he made public his discovery of the fossil footprints in the red sandstone of the Ct. Valley. At the time of his death, he was about publishing an elegantly illustrated work upon the subject, the result of 24 years investigation and labor, since issued by the Smithsonian Inst. He was a fre quent contrib. to Silliman s Journal, the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, and was the au thor of a paper on the " Hygienic Condition of the Survivors of Ovariotomy," in which he established the morality of the operation. Member of the Natural History Societies of Montreal and Boston. Deane, JOHN, d. at Wilford, Nottingham shire, Eng., Aug. 19, 1 761 , a. 82. He was ship wrecked in "The Nottingham Galley," of which he w as master, Dec. 11, 1710, on Boon Island, N.E., and spent 24 days on that desert island, the crew being obliged to eat one of their com rades who had died. He pub. a narrative of the 258 shipwreck at Boston in 1711, appended to a sermon by Cotton Mather. The same year, a counter-statement was pub. at Lond. by his mate Christopher Langraan and two others. The 5th ed. of the narrative was pub. at Boston in 1762. From 1714 to 1720, he com. a ship-of- war in the service of Peter the Great of Rus sia; but he fell into disgrace, and was exiled to Kasan, where he was favored with the protec tion of Count Apraxan. He was afterwards for many years, and until 1750, the English consul at Ostend. He is supposed to be the person of his name who was the author of " A Letter from Moscow to the Marquis Caermar- then, relating to the Czar of Muscovy s For wardness in his Navy since his return Home," pub. at Lond. in 1699. Dean, JOHN WARD, antiquarian, b. Wis- casset, Me., Mar. 13, 1815. Descended from Thomas of Boston, 1692. Previous to 1835, lie lived some time in Portland; from 1839 to 1843, in Providence; and since then in and near Boston. He has filled several offices in the N.E. Hist. Geneal. Society, to whose " Reg ister " he has made many valuable contribu tions, and of which he has been an editor. He is now pres. of the Prince Society, and rec. sec. of the Amer. Statist. Assoc. Having a very retentive memory, great industry, and an ardent thirst for knowledge, he has, while fol lowing a laborious calling, acquired an amount of historical information such as few men pos sess. His accuracy is remarkable ; and he is ever ready to communicate to others the in formation derived from his diligent research es. The honorary degree of A.M. was con ferred upon him in 1869 by Dart. Coll. He edited the first and a portion of the second vols. of the first series, and one number of the fourth volume of the second series, of the His torical Magazine. Author of " Memoir of Rev. Nath. Ward," with notices of his family, 8vo, 1868; and "Memoir of Rev. Michael Wigglesworth,"8vo, 1871. He has also pub. a number of hist., biog., and genealogical pam phlets. Dean, JULIA, actress, b. Pleasant Valley, N.Y., July 22, 1830 ; d. N.Y. City, March 6, 1868. Grand-dau. of Samuel Drake, one of the pioneers of the drama in the West. Her father, Edwin Dean, an actor of repute, was the manager of the Eagle-st. Theatre, Buffalo. Her mother, Julia Drake, was an actress of celebrity. Her first part was Lady Ellen, in "The Lady of the Lake," in her father s theatre. She gained her first success at the opening of the new theatre in Louisville. She appeared at the Bowery Theatre, N.Y., May 18, 1846, as Julia, in "The Hunchback," and achieved popu larity in this part, in " Pauline," "Juliet," and " Marian na." Her beauty and talent won for her a wide reputation through the West and South. She also performed on the English stage. She m. Arthur, son of Robert Y. Hayne, Jan. 20, 1855; was divorced in Sept. 1866, and then m. Mr. Cooper of N.Y. After an absence of 12 years, she re-appeared in N.Y. in July, 1867, and took leave of the stage there in Oct. Dean, REV. PAUL, b. Barnard, Vt. ; d. Framinghara, Ms., Oct. 1, 1860, a. 71, De scended from Walter of Taunton. Installed over the Hanover-st. Church from 1813 to 1823, and over the Bulfinch-st. Church from May 17, 1823, to May 3, 1840. This society was called " Restorationists," and in 1838 changed the corporate name, and has since been Unitarian. He was afterward settled over a Unit. Church at Easton, Ms. He pub. " t Lectures on Final Restoration," 1832, " Elec tion Sermon," 1832, and numerous Masonic and other occasional addresses and sermons. Deane, SAMUEL, D.D. (B. U. 1790), poet, and pastor at Falmouth (now Portland), Me., from 17 Oct. 1764 to his d., 12 Nov. 1814; b. Dedham, Ms., 30 July, 1733. H. U. 1760. Librarian at H. U. 1760-2, and tutor in 1763. One of the 6 prizes awarded by H. U. for com positions on the death of George II. and the accession of George III. was awarded to him, he having written the best English ode. These compositions, and others from persons excluded by the terms of the offer from competition for the prizes, were printed in 1761, under the title of Pietas et Gratulatio, &c. Author also of other poems, the longest of which was " Pitchwood Hill," ; Georgical Dictionary, or N. E. Farmer, 1790; oration, July 4, 1793; election sermon 1794, discourses, &c. See Geneal. Reg. iii. 385. Deane, REV. SAMUEL, historian and poet, b. Mansfield, Ms., March 30, 1784 ; d. Aug. 9, 1834. Descended from John, one of thetirst settlers of Taunton. B. U. 1805. He was settled in 1810 over the second church at Scit- uate, Ms., of which he was pastor 24 years. His " History of Scituate," pub. in 1831, shows evidence of much research and ability, and was one of the earliest to give a conspicuous place to genealogy. Mr. Deane was well versed in the colonial history of Plymouth and Ms. His "Populous Village," a poem, was printed in 1826. He pub. a number of sermons, and wrote many short poems ; but no collection of his works has appeared. Deane, SILAS, diplomatist, b. Groton, Ct, Dec. 24, 1737 ; d. Deal, Eng., Aug. 23, 1789. Y.C. 1758. He settled as a merchant in Weth- ersfield, Ct., and was a delegate to the first Congress in 1774. In 1775, he was employed by the Marine committee to procure and to equip and fit out a large naval force. In June, 1776, he arrived in France with a commission from the committee of secret corresp., as polit ical and commercial agent, authorizing him not only to operate in France, but in Hol land and Great Britain, and to procure cloth ing, arms, military accoutrements, and muni tions of war, sufficient for 25,000 men, and 100 field-pieces. Sept. 26, 1776, he was chosen by Congress, in conjunction with Franklin and Jefferson, ambassador to France. Franklin, Deane, and Arthur Lee (app. in place of Jef ferson, who declined; succeeded in negotia ting treaties with France, which were signed at Paris, Feb. 6, 1778. To Deane is undoubted ly due a full share of the credit of this impor tant transaction ; and it was through him that the services of Lafayette were secured to our country. Congress, having been much embar rassed by his engagements with foreign officers, which it found itself unable to meet, and ivhir.h 259 fsmsed great dissatisfaction in the army, Nov. 21, 1777, passed an order for his recall, which was supplemented by a preamble and resolu tion (Dec. 8), calling for information of the state of affairs in Europe, and directing him to embrace the first opportunity to return, and to repair with all possible despatch to Congress. This preamble and order, accomp. by a very complimentary letter, reached him in Paris oh the 4th of March, 1778. He arrived July 10, 1778; on the 13th, he reported himself to Con gress. He soon perceived that he was not re garded with favor by that body. Some 6 weeks passed before any notice was taken of his at tendance. He was finally required to furnish such an account of his financial transactions as it was impossible to give without returning to France. Exasperated with this treatment, he became engaged in a controversy with in fluential members. On the 6th of Aug. 1779, he was discharged from further attendance upon Congress, and a person was app. to audit his accounts. Deane arrived in France in 1780, but was still subjected to delays on account of an alleged want of authority on the part of the person appointed to settle his accounts. Owing to the publication of some of his letters charging the French cabinet with intrigue and duplicity, he became obnoxious to the author ities there ; and he retired to the Netherlands, im poverished almost to penury. He considered himself as a man not only abused, and ill-re quited for important services rendered, but de nied those pecuniary rights which common honesty would say were his due. Imbittered and exasperated, he became estranged from his country, and went to Eng., where he d. in ob scurity and poverty. Dr. Franklin testified explicitly to Deane s probity and honesty in all his transactions for Congress ; but the enmi ty and misrepresentations of Arthur Lee pre vailed in that body, and were the cause of his final ruin. A perusal of Deane s Letters in the first vol. of Sparks s " Diplomatic Correspond ence," of "Deane s Narrative," pub. in 1855, by the Seventy-six Society, and the " Me morial of the Heirs of Silas Deane," pre sented to Congress in 1835, cannot fail, it is believed, to satisfy the reader of to-day, that Silas Deane was a man of eminent ability, of thorough honesty, and the victim of malice and misrepresentation. In 1842, his long-dis puted claims were adjusted by Congress ; and a large sum was found to be due his heirs, and paid over to them. Deane pub. " An Address to the Free and Independent Citizens of the U. S. of N. America," pp. 30, Hartford, 1784; an ed. London, 1784, pp. 95. Each edition contains matter not embraced in the other. A vol. entitled "Paris Papers, or Mr. Silas Deane s late Intercepted Letters to his Bro., and other Friends," &c., was pub. by Riving- ton, N.Y., 1781. Dean, WILLIAM, D.D., missionary, b. at Morrisville, N.Y., June 21, 1807 ; was descend ed from John Dean, who settled in Dedham, Ms., in the latter half of the 17th century. He went to China in 1834 as a missionary of the Bapt. Miss. Union. He has translated por tions of the Bible and other works into Chi nese, which have been printed for the use of his mission. A Memoir of his second wife v Mrs. Theodosia A. B. Dean, who died in 1843, was printed at Boston soon after her death. Deane, WILLIAM REED, antiquary, b. Mansfield, Ms., Aug. 21, 1809; d. there, June 16, 1871, a. 61. Was a nephew of Rev. Samuel of Scituate. He was for many years a mer chant in Boston ; was a fine belles-lettres scholar and a genuine antiquary, and familiar with the customs and usages of the earl} r settlers of N. E. He contrib. many valuable articles to the N.E. Hist, and Genealogical Register and the Historical Magazine. He was also a contrib. to the Unitarian and secular press. He made col lections for extensive genealogies of the Deane and Pool families, and also for thoroughly editing " Madam Knight s Journal," an an notated reprint of which he pub. in Littell s Living Aye, June 26, 1858. Author of gene alogies of the Deane Family, 1849 ; the Leon ard Family, 1851 ; and the Watson Family, 1864. Dearborn, BENJAMIN, inventor of the patent balance, b. Portsmouth, N.H., 1755; d. Boston, Feb. 22, 1838. Son of Dr. Benj. Served his time with Daniel Fowle, printer ; taught an acad. for girls, and, removing to Boston ab. 1790, pursued the same vocation. He was well versed in science. In 1784, under the signature of " A Friend of Industry," he pub. in the N. PI. Gazette an able article sug gesting the employment of convicts in prisons, a plan soon afterward generally adopted. Dearborn, HENRY, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. North Hampton, N.H., Feb. 23, 1751 ; d. Rox- bmy, Ms., June 6, 1829. His ancestor Godfrey came from Exeter, Eng., settled at Exeter, N.H., in 1639, and afterward removed to Hampton. Henry, having studied medicine with Dr. Hall Jackson of Portsmouth, settled in practice at Nottingham Square in 1772, employing his leisure in military studies. The day after the battle of Lexington, he marched at the head of 60 vols., reaching Cambridge, a distance of 65 miles, early next day. Returning, he was app. first capt. in Stark s regt. ; was again at Cam bridge, May 15 ; and June 17, participated in the battle o"f Bunker s Hill, taking post behind the rail-fence, and holding it until the main body of the retreating Americans were saved from being cut off. In Sept. he accomp. Arnold s exped. through the wilderness to Canada, and, being taken with a fever, was left in a cottage on the banks of the Chaudiere, without a phy sician. His life was despaired of; but he re covered, joined his company early in Dec., and in the attack on Quebec, Dec. 31, was made prisoner, and closely confined. He was, in May, 1776, permitted to return on parole; was ex changed early in March, 1777, and was made major of Scammell s (3d N.H.) regt., with which he went in May to Ticonderoga. At the battle of Still water, he com. a light inf. corps of 5 companies, and, with the rank of lieut.-col., led the same com. in the decisive battle of Saratoga, Oct. 7, sharing in the honor of carrying the German fortified camp. Disting. at the battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778. In Aug. 1779, he took part in Sullivan s exped. against the Indians in the interior of N.Y., and was in the battle of Newtown, Aug. 29 ; in 1781, he was IDEA 260 DEC attat-hed to Washington s staff as dep. quarter master-gen., rank of col., in which capacity he served during the siege of Yorktown, and, from that period till the end of the Avar, was col. of the 1st N.H. regt. In June, 1784, he, with his bros., removed to Mon mouth, Me. ; was chosen brig.-gen. of militia in 1787; maj.-gen. 1795; was app. by Washington marshal of Me. in 1789; was M.C. from 1793 to 1797 ; sec. of war under Jefferson from Mar. 1801 to Mar. 1 809 ; collector of the port of Boston from 1 809 until his app. by Pres. Madison, Jan. 27, 1812, as senior maj.-gen. in the U.S. army, and com.- in-chief of the northern department. War was declared, June 18, 1812. April 27, 1813, he captured York, now Toronto, C. W., and May 27, Fort George at the mouth of the Niagara. July 6, 1813, he was superseded ostensibly on the ground of ill health, but really, in conse quence of political intrigue. He solicited a court of inquiry, but in vain. He was after ward in com. of the military dist. ofN.Y. City. Minister to Portugal from May 7, 1822, to 1824, when he resigned, returned home, and retired to his estate at Roxbury, Ms. His last wife Sarah, widow of Gov. Bowdoin, d. May 24, 1826. Gen. D. was large and command ing in person, frank in manner, and of unim- peached integrity. He pub. an account of Bunker s Hill battle, and was the author of a MS. journal of his exped. to Canada, imprison ment in Quebec, exped. to Wyoming, and other adventures during the war, printed in his Life, by his son. Dearborn, GEN. HENRY ALEXANDER SCAMMELL, son of the preceding, b. Exeter, N.H., 3 Mar. 1783; d. Portland, Me., 29 July, 7851 . Wm. and Mary Coll. 1 803. He studied /aw with Judge Story in Salem, where he prac tised ; afterward superintended the forts in Portland harbor; was brig.-gen. of militia, comg. the troops in Boston harbor in 1812 ; coll. of Boston, 1812-29; member Ms. Const. Conv. 1820, and of the exec, council ; M.C. 1831-3; adj.-gen. of Ms., 1 834-43, removed for loaning the State arms to the State of R.I. to suppress the Dorr rebellion ; and mayor of Roxbury, 1847-51. Author of Lives of the Apostle Eliot, of Com. Bainbridge, and of his father ; " Commerce of the Black Sea," 3 vols., 1819 ; " Letters on the Int. Improvements and Com. of the West/ 1839, and an" Oration, "4 July, 181 1. He left in MS. a diary in 45 vols. ; a " History of B. Hill Battle," &c. Member Amer. Acad. and other scientific bodies. Dearborn, NATHANIEL, engraver, son of Bcnj.; d. S. Reading, Ms., Nov. 7, 1852, a. 66. He was one of the first wood-engravers in Boston. He pub. " Text-Book of Letters," " Boston Notions and Guide," and " Guide through Mount Auburn." Dearing, JAMES, brig.-gen. C.S.A. ; killed near Petersburg, Va., April 6, 1865. Deas, CHARLES, artist, b. Phila., 1818; d. insane. His maternal grandfather was Ralph Izard. Educated by John Sanderson, he early devoted himself to his art ; studied under the auspices of the National Acad. ; afterward travelled extensively among the Indians of the North-west, and practised his art successfully many years in St. Louis. Among his pictures are "The Turkey Shoot," "Walking the Chalk," "Long Jake," "The Wounded Pawnee," "Indian Guide/ "A Group of Sioux," " Hunters on the Prairie/ and " The Last Shot." The most important of his works is " Council of the Shawnees at North Bend," an incident in the life of Gen. Geo. Rogers Clarke. Tuckerman. De Bow, JAMES DUNWOODY BROWNSON, journalist and statistician, b. Charleston, S.C., July 10, 1820; d. Elizabeth, N. J., Feb. 27, 1867. Charles. Coll. 1843. His father was a mer chant. He was for 7 years employed in a mer cantile house, but, after graduating, studied law, and was adm. to the Charleston bar in 1844, but became editor of the Southern Quar terly Review of Charleston. An article by him upon " Oregon and the Oregon Question " at tracted much attention here and in Europe, oc casioning a debate in the French chamber of deputies. In the latter part of 1845, he removed to N. Orleans, and established De Bow s Com mercial Review. After a short term as prof, of political economy and commercial statistics in the U. of La., in 1848, he was for 3 years the head of the census bureau of La. He collected and pub. valuable statistics of the population, commerce, and products of that State. App. in March, 1853, supt. of the U. S. census, he col lected and prepared for the press a large part of the material for the quarto edition of the census of 1850. He was active in the enterprises for the advancement of the material and intellec tual interests of the South ; was a member of nearly every Southern commercial convention since 1845, and presided over that at Knox- ville, Tenn., in 1857. He coritrib. many articles upon American topics to the new edition of the " Encyclopaedia Britannica ;" delivered various addresses before literary, agricultural, and other associations ; and was one of the found ers of the La. Hist. Society, since merged in the Acad. of Science. For some years before the Rebellion, he was very bitter in his denun ciation of the Northern States and their insti tutions; and during the war, though his Review was necessarily discontinued, his voice and pen were actively employed in the service of the Confederacy. After its overthrow, he ad mitted the superiority of the free to the slave labor system, and urged the Southern States to encourage immigration. He resumed his Review, first at New York, and subsequently at Nashville. Also author of " Encyclopedia of the Trade and Commerce of the" U.S.," 2 vols., 8vo, 1853 ; " The Southern States, their Agriculture, Commerce," &c., 8vo, 1856; and " industrial Resources of the South-west," 3 vols. ,1853, compiledfrorn his Review; " Compen dium of the Seventh U.S. Census." Appleton. De Camp, JOHN R., Adm. U.S.N., b. N.J. Midshipman, Oct. 1, 1827 ; lieut. Feb. 28, 1838; commander, Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862 ; commodore, retired list, Sept. 28, 1866; com. steam-sloop " Iroquois," 1861-2; in the attack upon Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and capture of N. Orleans, and in the various bat tles on the Mpi., including Vicksburg ; com. frigate " Wabash," S. A. squad., 1863-4; com. receiving-ship " Potomac," Phila., 1868-9; d. Burlington, N. J., June 25, 1875, a. 60. 261 DecatUT, STEPHEN, a gallant naval officer, son of Capt. Stephen, b. Sinnepuxent, Md., 5 Jan. 1779; d. Washington, D. C., 22 Mar. 1820. (Stephen, his father, capt. U.S.N., 1798- 1801, b. Newport, 1751, d. Frankford, near Phila., Nov. 14, 1808.) Midshipman, 30 Apr. 1 798 ; lieut. 21 May, 1799 ; capt. 26 Feb. 1804. His first exploit was the destruction of the frigate " Philadelphia," in the harbor of Trip oli on the night of 15 Feb. 1804, for which he received from Congress a sword, a vote of thanks, and immediate promotion. In the attack on Tripoli, Aug. 3, he com. a division of gunboats, and had a desperate personal conflict with the captain of a Turkish gunboat, whom he slew. App. to com. the frigate " United States," in which, Oct. 25, 1812, in lat 29 N., long. 29 3tf W. he fell in with the British frigate " Ma cedonian," capturing her after an action of an hour and a half. For this capture, Congress awarded him a gold medal. He was after ward blockaded in N. London by a British squadron. In Jan. 1815, he attempted, in "The President," to elude the blockade ; but she was injured in passing the bar, and was captured by the British squadron, after having kept up a running fight of two hours and a half with " The Eridymion," which was dismasted and si lenced. A few months later, he was despatched with a squadron to Algiers, captured, June 17, off Cape de Gatt, an Algerine frigate, killing the noted Admiral Rais Hammida, and, arriv ing at Algiers June 28, terrified the regency into a relinquishment of the claim for trib ute, the surrender of all captives, and compen sation for all Amer. property seized. He also obtained indemnity from Tunis and Tripoli, and procured the release of many captives. Nov. 12, he was app. a navy commissioner, and took up his residence at Kalorama, Washing ton, D.C., the former estate of Joel Barlow. A corresp. with Com. Barren, relative to " The Chesapeake" affair, resulted in a duel at Bla- densburg, in which Decatur was mortally, and Barron severely, wounded. Courage, sa gacity, energy, self-possession, and a high sense of honor, were the characteristic traits of De catur. -See Life, by A. S. Mackenzie, 1846. DeCharms, RICHARD, clergyman and author, b. Phila., Oct. 17, 1796; d. Phila., March 20, 1864. Y.C. 1826. Descended from Huguenots, who took refuge in Eng. in 1 685. His father, a physician, came to Phila. in 1793. At 14, he supported his mother by working in a printing-office. After graduat ing, he studied Swedenborg s theology in Bos ton, printed the first 3 numbers of the New Jerusalem Magazine with his own hands, and preached one year in Bedford, Pa. At the suggestion of a female friend, to whom he was indebted for his education, he continued the study of theology in London, to fit himself for the ministry of the church of the New Jerusa lem ; supporting himself during his 2 years stay there by working as a journeyman printer. His first sermon, on the " Paramount Impor tance of Spiritual Things," was pub. in 1828, nnd reprinted in London. He settled at Cin cinnati (1832-9), Phila. (1839-45), Baltimore (1845-50), and New York, and pub. sermons and lectures on the fundamental doctrines of Swedenborg. He edited the Precursor and New Churchman. His chief works are the " New Churchman Extra," 8vo ; " Freedom and Slavery in the Light of the New Jerusa lem ; " " Sermons illustrating the Doctrine of the Lord," 1840; "Series of Lectures deliv ered at Charleston, S.C.," 1841. Deems, CHARLES F., D.D., b. Baltimore, 1820. Dick. Coll. 1839. Prof, in the U. of N.C., 1842; prof, of chemistry, Randolph M. Coll., 1848; pres. of Greensboro Coll., 1850, of Centenary Coll., 1854. Author of "Tri umph of Peace and other Poems," " Devo tional Melodies," " Twelve College Sermons," " Life of Rev. Dr. Clarke," " Home Altar," "What Now?" "Family Worship," I2mo, 1852. Edited 5 vols. South. Meth. Pal pit. Contrib. to South. Meth. Quarterly, and other journals. AUibone. Deering, NATHANIEL, dramatist and mis cellaneous writer, b. Portland, Me., June 25, 1791. H.U. 1810. Educated at Exeter and Cambridge. He studied law in the office of Chief-Justice Whitman at Portland, and pur sued the profession in the northern counties of Me. He is now a resident of Portland. He has produced two tragedies, " Carabasset ; or, The last of the Norridgewocks," produced at the Portland Theatre in 1831, and " Bozzaris." His other writings, including numerous humor ous tales of " Down-East " life, have appeared from time to time in the journals of the day. Uvyckinck. DeHaas, JOHN PHILIP, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Holland, ab. 1735 ; d. Phila. June 3, 1786. Descended from an ancient family of Northern France, and in 1750 accomp. his father to Amer., settling in Lancaster Co., Pa. An ensign in the old French war, and in Aug. 1763, participated in the bloody conflict with the Indians at Bushy Run, near Pittsburg. App. coll. first Pa. regt., Jan. 22, 1776 ; served in Canada and at Ticonderoga; took part in the battle of Long Island, and was promoted, Feb. 21, 1777, to brig.-gen., and served in va rious capacities with credit until the close of the war. The latter years of his life were passed in Phila. A son served as ensign in his own regt. DeHaas (deh-has), MAURICE F. H., marine painter, b. Rotterdam, ab. 1830. He studied at the Acad. of Fine Arts, and at the Antique and Life School, made sketching-excursions to the British Channel and along the picturesque coast of France, and received 2 years instruction from the eminent Louis Meyer of the Hague. In 1856, the Queen of the Netherlands sent him a flattering letter, and a handsome present in recognition of his talent. In 1857, he was com. artist to the Dutch navy ; since 1859, he has held, in New York, the first rank in his prof. Among his best works are " Storm off the Isle of Jersey," "After the Wreck, " Seashore near Hastings," " Calm off New port," " Wreck off St. Hilliers,^ " Yacht Hen rietta," "Clearing Up," "British Channel," "The Old Wreck," "The Rescue," "Moon- rise at Sunset," and " Farragut passing the Forts below N. 0." DeHart, COL. WILLIAM, lawyer and Revol. soldier, b. Elizabethtown, N.J., Dec. 7, 3DEH 262 DEL, 1741 . d. Morristown, June 16, 1801. Son of Dr. Matthias DeHart. Practised law before vhe Revol. ; was app. maj. 1st N.J. batt., Nov. 7, 1775; was lieut.-col in 1776; resigned his commission before the close of the war, and resumed the profession of the law at Morris- town, N.J. He had 2 bros. in the service, one of whom was aide to Gen. Wayne, and fell at Fort Lee in 1780. Col. DeHart was eminent in his profession, and was noted for wit and humor. In 1789, he was pres. of the St. Tammany Society. Ord. Book N.A. DeHart," WILLIAM C., capt. U.S.A., b. N.Y., 1800; d. Elizabethtown, N.J., Apr. 21, 1848. West Point, 1820. Aide-de-camp to (ten. Scott, Jan. 31, 1838 ; capt. 3 Apr. 1838; at siege of Vera Cruz, and battle of Cerro Gordo ; lieut.-gov. of Puebla during its siege, Sept. and Oct. 1847. Author of a treatise on "Martial Law and Courts-Martial, N.Y.," 8vo, 1846. Cullum. DeHaven, EDWIN J., arctic explorer, b. PhiJa., 1819; d. there May 9, 1865. Mid- shipm. Oct. 2, 1829; lieut. Sept. 8, 1841; resigned, 1857. He served in Wilkes s ex ploring exped. 1839-42, and com. the first exped. fitted out at the expense of Henry Grin- neil of N.Y. to search for Sir John Franklin. This exped. left N.Y., May 24, 1850, and was absent over 16 months, wintering within the arctic circle. It consisted of 2 small tugs, " The Advance " of 140, and " The Rescue " of 90 tons. Dr. Kane has given a full account of this exped. On his return, he was employed in the coast- survey. Dehon, THEODORE, D.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of S.C., b. Boston, Ms., Dec. 8, 1776; d. Charleston, S.C., Aug. 6, 1817. H.U. 1795. He became rector of Trinity Church, Newport, R.I., in 1798, and of St. Michael s Church, Charleston, in 1809. Oct. 15, 1812, he was consec. bishop of S.C. Besides occasional ser mons, pub. during his lifetime, 2 vols. of his " Discourses " were issued in 1821. See Life, by C. E. Gadsden, 8vo, 1833. DeKay, GEORGE C., commodore, b. New York; d. Jan. 31, 1849, a. 47. When quite young, he entered the navy of Buenos Ayres, then contending against the Brazilian Empire, (listing, himself by a series of brilliant actions under Admiral Brown, and on separate com mands, and, in less than two years, reached the grade of lieut.-col., equivalent to the English rank of commodore. In July, 1847, he com. the frigate " Macedonian " on her philanthrop ic mission to starving Ireland. His wife was the dau. of the poet J. Rodman Drake, and grand-daughter of Henry Eckford. DeKay, JAMES E., M.D., naturalist, bro. of Com. Geo. C. ; d. Oyster Bay, Nov. 21, 1851, a. 59. Author of " Sketches of Turkey," in 1831-2, and of "Zoology in the Survey "of N. Y.," 15 vols., 4to, with an Introd. by Win. H. Seward ; " Anniv. Address before the N.Y. Lyceum on the Prog, of the Nat. Sciences in the U.S.," Feb. 1826. Delafleld, JOHN, agriculturist, b. N.Y. City, 1786; d. 1853. Col. Coll. 1802. After losing a fortune acquired as a banker in Lond., in 1839 he withdrew to a farm known as Oak- luads, at Rose Hill, Seneca Co., N.Y. Here his efforts for rural improvement added much to the agricultural wealth of the county. In 1851, he became pres. of the N.Y. State Agric. Society, and at the time of his death was pres. of the State Agric. Coll. Author of " An In quiry into the Origin of the Antiquities of America," Cincin., 1839. Delafleld, RICHARD, brev. maj.-gen. and chief of engineers U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1818. Capt. 24 May, 1828; maj. July 7, 1838 ; sup. Milit. Acad., Sept. 1838 to Aug. 1845, and from Sept. 8, 1856, to 1 Mar. 1861 ; lieut.-col. engs. Aug. 6, 1861; col. June 1, 1863 ; brig.-gen. and chief-engr. Apr. 22, 1864 ; retired Aug. 8, 1866. Ordered to Europe by the govt. to observe the Crimean war; and his report was pub. as a senate document in 4to, 1860. Superint. engr. of the defences of N.Y. harbor, 1 861-4 ; d. "Wash n, D.C., Nov. 4, 1873. Delamater, JOHN, D.D., LL.D., a dis ting, physician and scholar of the West, b. 18 Apr. 1787; d. Cleveland, 0., 28 Mar. 1867. DeLancey, JAMES, jurist, b. N.Y., 1703; d. there Aug. 2, 1760. U. of Camb., Eng., 1729. Son of a Huguenot emigrant, from Caen, Normandy ; was sent to Eng. for educa tion, and, soon after his return in 1729, was made a justice of the Supreme Court, and chief-justice in 1733. On the death of Gov. Osborn, he, as lieut.-gov., was at the head of affairs in the province from 1753 to 1755, and also as successor to Hardy from 1757 to 1760. He was a profound lawyer, and during the ad ministration of Gov. Clinton, 1743-53, exerted a powerful influence on the legisl. in opposition to him. He was at the head of the association which founded Kings Coll. The author of " The Review of Military operations from 1753 to 1756 " represents him as a man of learning and talent, yet as an unprincipled demagogue, and finished intriguer, whose plausible arts, together with his influence as chief-justice, and a vast personal estate at use, all conspired to secure his popular triumph. De Lancey, COL. JAMES, loyalist, b. N.Y.; d. Annapolis, N.S., 1800. Son of Peter De L. and Elizabeth Colden. Elected to the N. Y. assembly in 1769, and some time sheriff of W. Chester He com. a batt. in the brigade of his uncle, Gen. Oliver De Lancey, and, being taken in 1777, was confined in Hartford jail. His corps were called " Cow Boys," from " their knowledge of beef." An attempt to capture or destroy this odious corps in July, 1781, was a failure. His estates were confiscated ; and he went to Nova Scotia, where, in 1794, he was a member of the council. De Lancey, GEN. OLIVER, loyalist, b. N. Y. City, 1717 ; d. Beverly, Eng., Oct. 27, 1785. Bro. of James, lieut.-gov. of N. Y., and many years a member of the assembly and council. As col. of a N. Y. regt., under Abcrcrombie, his gallantry won for him the thanks of the legisl, At the commencement of the Revol., he organized and equipped, chiefly at his own expense, a corps of 3 battalions, bearing his name. App. in 1776 a brig.-gen. in the royal service, he was the senior loyalist officer in America during the Revol. contest. On the evacuation of N. Y. in 1783, he went to Eu rope. His dau. Susannah in. Sir Win. Draper DEL 263 DEIS" De Lancey, OLIVER, gen. in the British army, b. New York; d. Edinburgh, Sept. 1822. Son of the preceding. Educated in Europe; entered the service in 1766; lieut. Dec. 1770; capt. 17th Drags, May, 1773; maj. July, 1778; lieut.-col. Oct. 1781; col. Nov. 1790; barrack- rnaster-gen. 1792-1804 ; maj.-gen. 1794 ; lieut. - gen. 1801 ; gen. 1812. He was in Boston dur ing the siege ; accomp. the army to Nova Sco tia, and in June, 1776, to Staten Island. He com. the cavalry during the landing on L. I., and w^as constantly employed on outpost ser vice until the battle of Aug. 28, when he formed the advance of the right column. His treatment of Gen. Woodhull, who surrendered to him, on this occasion, was inhuman. He promised to protect him ; but his men murdered him. He was at White Plains, Fort Washington, in the Jerseys, in the attack on Red Bank, at White Marsh, and at Monmouth. Dep. q.m.-gen. during the siege of Charleston, and in several expeds. under Cornwallis, to whom, on the re turn of the army to N. York, he became a.-d.-c. In 1781, he succeeded Andre as adj. -gen. On his return to Eng., he undertook the arrange ment of loyalist claims, and was placed at the head of a commission for settling all army ac counts during the Amer. war. He was removed from the office of barrack-master on the dis covery of a great defalcation in his accounts. M. P. for Maidstone, 1796. Author of a pam phlet entitled " Considerations on the Propri ety of Imposing Taxes on the British Colo nies," London, 1766. D0 Lancey, STEPHEN, loyalist, b. N. Y. ; d. Portsmouth, N.H., Dec. 3, 1798. Son of Peter. Clerk of the city and county of Albany in 1765. Member of the council in 1 776, and was lieut.-col. 1st batt. N. J. vols. in 1 782. He was afterward chief-justice of the Bahamas, and gov. of Tohago. He m. a dau. of Rev. H. Barclay of Trinity Church, N.Y. A son, Sir Wm. H. De L., was aide to Wellington, and was killed at Waterloo. De Lancey, WILLIAM HEATHCOTE,D.D., D.C.L., Pr.-Ep. bishop of Western N. Y., b. Mamaroneck, N.Y., Oct. 8, 1797 ; d. Geneva, N.Y., Apr. 5, 1865. Y. C. 1817. He studied theology under Bishop Hobart ; ord. deacon in 1819, and priest in 1822; soon after became assist, of Bishop White of Phila., in the 3 churches of which he was rector, and in 1823 became one of the regular assistant ministers of those churches. He was annually chosen sec. of the diocesan convention of Pa. from 1825 to 1830, and was sec. of the house of bishops from 1823 to 1829. He was provost of the U. of Pa. from 1828 to 1833 ; travelled in Europe in 1835, and on his return, after the death of Bishop White, succeeded to the rec torship of St. Peter s. In 1838, Dr. De Lan cey was chosen first bishop of the new diocese of Western N.Y., and was consec. May 9, 1839. The Hobart free college at Geneva was chiefly indebted to his efficient efforts for its support. In 1852, he was a delegate to Eng. from the Episcopal bishops of the U. S. He was one of the leaders of the High-Church party. D.C.L. of the U. of Oxford, 1852 ; D.D. of Y. C., 1828 ; and LL.D. of Un. Coll., 1847. Delano, CAPT. AMASA, traveller, b. Dux- bury, Ms., 1763; d. Boston, Apr. 21, 1823. See a Narrative of Voyages and Travels round the World, Boston, 1817 (by Rev. Horace Holley). Delano, COLUMBUS, lawyer and politician, b. Shoreham, Vt., 1809. Removed to Mt. Ver- non, Ohio, in 1817 ; was adm. to the bar in 1831, and became eminent as an advocate and criminal lawyer; M. C. 1845-7 and 1865-9; commis.-gen. of Ohio, 1861 ; member Ohio legisl. 1864; engaged extensively in agriculture and in banking; commissioner of U. S. inter, rev., Mar. 1869-Oct. 1870; and succeeded J. D. Cox as secretary of the interior in Oct. 1870. Delaplaine, JOSEPH, author of " De laplaine s Repository of the Lives and Por traits of Disting. Americans," 2 vols., 4to; d. Phila., May 31, 1824. Delaware, THOMAS WEST, Lord, gov. of Va. ; d. June 7, 1618, on his second voyage thither, " in or near the mouth of the bay w hich bears his name." He succeeded to his father s title Mar. 24, 1602. He landed at Jamestown, May 23, 1610, and succeeded Sir Thos. Gates, under the charter of May 23, 1609. In March, 1611, after having built 3 forts, and regulated the affairs of the Colony, he returned to Eng. He continued to> take a deep interest in the con cerns of the Colony, which he was at great expense to establish. The " Relation " of the planting of his colony, London, 1611, was reprinted in 1858. Deliniers (deh-le -neair ) JACQUES AN- TOINE MARIE, viceroy of Buenos Ayres, b. Niort, France, Feb. 6, 1756 ; shot at Buenos Ayres, Aug. 10, 1810. A capt. in the Spanish navy, he was sent on a mission to S. Amer. at a time when Spain and Eng. were at war, and an English armament had (July 2, 1806) cap tured Buenos Ayres. Deliniers, who was at Montevideo, assembled the militia of the coun try, attacked the place, and, after an obstinate resistance, forced it to capitulate( Aug. 12,1807). He was at once made viceroy, and, in the fol lowing year, sustained a fierce attack from the English, under Whitelocke and Auchmuty, whom he defeated, and compelled to evacuate the country. This victory crowned the repu tation of Deliniers, who received from the king of Spain the grade of brigadier des arm&s. The Spanish junta in 1810 sent a new viceroy, Cisueros, and conferred on Deliniers the title of " Count de Buenos Ayres." The revolutionists having speedily set aside the new viceroy, De liniers, desirous of re-establishing the royal au thority, assembled a force of 2,000 men, with which lie blockaded Buenos Ayres ; but his fee ble force was dispersed by the revolutionists, and he himself, with other royalist chiefs, was taken and shot. Nouv. Bioa. Gen. Demers, REV. M., 50 years a teacher in the Sem. of Quebec, b. St. Nicholas, Co. of Levis, 1774 ; d. May 17, 1853. He did much to pro mote the study of natural philosophy, and taste for the fine arts, and, in 1 835, pub., at Quebec, " Institutiones Philosophical." Denio, HIRAM, judge, b. Rome, N.Y., 1799. Judge of the N.Y. Court of Appeals ; resides at Utica. Has pub. "Reports of the Sup. Court of N.Y. 1845-8," 5 vols.; " Revised Stat utes of N.Y.," 4th ed., 2 vols., 1852, by Denio and Win. Tracey. Allibone DEIS" 264 Denis, NICOLAS, a native of Tours, was gov.-lieut.-gen. for the king of France, and pro prietor of a part of Acadia and Canada. Hav ing obtained a grant of the country extending from Cape Canceaux to Gaspe, he came to Amer. in 1632, but was obliged, after making important establishments, to sustain a con tinued and vexatious warfare of territorial rights with his countrymen ; and a conflagration com pleted his ruin. Denis, on returning to France, after a sojourn of 40 years in America, during which he had visited most of the French pos sessions, pub. the result of his observations under the title, " Description G&graphique et Hutorigue des Cote s de I Amtfrique Septentrionale aeec I Histoire Naturdle de ce Pays," Paris, 1 672, 2 vols. Biog. Utiiverselle. Denison, CHARLES WHEELER, b. Ct. 1809. Author of" American Village and other Poems." Contrib. to the Knickerbocker and other mags, and journals. Allibone. Denison, DANIEL, maj.-gen., b.Eng., 1613 ; d. Ipswich, Ms., Sept. 20, 1682. Son of Wil liam of Roxbury . Came to New Eng. ab. 1 63 1 ; removed from Cambridge to Ipswich in 1 635 ; was the military leader of that town ; commis sioner to treat with the French commander D Aulny at Penobscot, in 1646 and in 1653, and subsequently was 10 years major-gen, of the Colony. He represented Ipswich several years in the General Court ; was speaker of the house in 1649 and 1651-2; sec. of the Colony in 1653 ; justice of the Quarterly Court, 1658 ; commissioner of the United Colonies, 1655-62 ; assist. 1653-82. His public employments were numerous, and his services very important. In 1684 was printed his "Irenicon; or, Salve for New England s Sore." His dau. Elizabeth married Pres. Rogers of H.U. App. com.-in- chief of the Ms. forces in June, 1675, but was prevented by sickness from taking the field in the Indian war. N.E.H. and G.R. v., 140. Denison, MARY ANDREWS, b. Cambridge, Ms., 1826 (Mrs. C. W.D.). Author of " Home Pictures," " What Not 1 ? " " Carrie Hamilton," " Grade Amber," " Old Hepsey, a Tale of the South," N.Y., 12mo, 1858. Contrib. to many of the leading journals. Dennie, JOSEPH, journalist, b. Boston, Ms., Aug. 30, 1768 ; d. Phila., Jan. 7, 1812. H.U. 1790. He studied law, and practised at Wai- pole, N.H., but soon adopted the literary career, having acquired some reputation by newspaper contributions under the title of " The Farrago." He pub. at Boston, in 1795, the Tablet, weekly, and edited the Farmer s Museum, at Walpole, in 1796-9, in which the popular essays of" The Lay Preacher " first appeared. In Sept. 1799, he went to Phila. as clerk in the office of Mr. Pickering, sec. of State. In 1800, after editing a while the U. S. Gazette, he began the Port folio, to which the rest of his life was devoted, under the nomde plume of " Oliver Oldschool." This, while in its prime, was the first literary journal of the country. In 1803, he was in dicted for a libel against the Federal Govt. pub. in his journal, but was acquitted. Dennie s convivial tastes led him to form the " Tuesday Club," a social gathering of the wit and genius of Phila. He was remarkable for originality, and for delicacy of thought and language. Dennison, WILLIAM, politician, b. Cin cinnati, Nov. 23, 1815. Miami U. 1835. Adm. to the bar in 1840; practised at Columbus until 1848; member of the O. legisl. 1848-50; pres. of the Exchange Bank, and of the Colum bus and Xenia Railroad Co. ; in 1856, delegate to the Pittsburg convention which inaugurated the Repub. party, and also to the Phila. con vention ; gov. of Ohio, 1860-2, and did much to organize the vols. against the Rebellion ; chairman of the Ohio convention of 1862 ; dele gate and pres. of the Baltimore convention of 1864; U.S. postmaster-gen. Oct. 1864 to July, 1866. Denonville, JACQUES RENE DE BRISAY, Marquis de, gov. of Canada in 1685-9 ; was a brave officer, but, by not following up a victory he had gained over thelroquois, inspired them with contempt, and by kidnapping a number of their chiefs, and sending them to France to work at the galleys, at a time when they were on a peaceful mission to himself, excited a hatred against the French, only terminated by the frightful "Massacre of Lachine." Mor gan. Dent, JOHN HERBERT, capt. U.S.N., b. Md., 1782 ; d. July 31, 1823, St. Bartholomew s Parish, S.C. Midshipm. March 16, 1798, under Truxton, in the frigate " Constellation," and was in her when she captured the French frigate " Insurgente," Feb. 1, 1799. Lieut. July 11, 1799, he was in the same ship when she took the French frigate " La Vengeance," Feb. 1, 1800. He com. the schooners "Nauti lus " and " Scourge," in Preble s squadron, during the Tripolitan war, and participated in the several attacks upon that city and harbor in 1804. Master com. Sept. 5, 1804; capt. Dec. 29, 1811. Denton, DANIEL, author of " A Brief De scription of New York," 4to, Lond., 1670, repr. in N.Y. in 1845, with notes by Gabriel Furman. Son of Richard. Presb. min. of Hempstead, L.I. Denton, WILLIAM, poet, teacher, and lec turer, b. Darlington, Durham Co., Eng., 1823. He received his education in Eng., emigrated to the U.S. afcer attaining manhood, and in 1856 pub. at Dayton " Poems for Reformers." Poets and Poetry of the West. Denver, JAMES W., politician, b. Win chester, Va., 1818. He emigrated in child hood with his parents to Ohio, removed to Mo. in 1841, and taught school and studied law there ; was app. capt. 12th Inf., March 5, 1847 ; left the service at the end of the Mexican war, July 25, 1848; emig. toCal.in 1850; was chosen State senator in March, 1852; Aug. 2, 1852, killed Mr. Edward Gilbert, near San Francisco, in a duel with rifles at 40 paces ; in Feb. 1853 was app. sec. of State; M.C. 1855-7; Mar. 4, 1857, was app. by Pres. Buchanan commis sioner of Indian affairs, but resigned, and was made gov. of Kansas after the resignation of R. J. Walker; resigning this post in Nov. 1858", he was re-app. commissioner of Indian affairs, which he held till Mar. 1859. Made brig. -gen. Aug. 14, 1861, he served in the Western States ; resigned March 5, 1863; delegate to the Cleveland Soldier s Convention in 1866, and settled in Washington, D.C., as an attorney. De Peyster (de pis -ter), ABRAHAM, an 265 eminent merchant and citizen of New York, eldest son of Johannes, b. New York, July 8, 1658 ; d. there Aug. 10, 1728. He was mayor of N.Y. between 1691 and 1695; was subse quently chief-justice of the province, and pres. of the king s council, in which latter capaci ty, in 1701, he acted as col. gov. He was also col. of the forces of the city and county of N. Y., and treasurer of N.Y. and N.J. He was the intimate friend and corresp. of Penn and of the col. gov., the Earl of Bellomont. His mansion in Pearl St., once the headquarters of Washington, stood until 1856. De Peyster, JOHANNES, an early settler of New Amsterdam, now New York,b. Haarlem, Hoi.; d. New York, ab. 1685. Of Huguenot descent. He held rnanv offices of trust and honor under Dutch and English colonial rule. During the short period in 1673-4 in which the Dutch recovered possession of the province, he took a prominent part in the conduct of public affairs. He was subsequently, at differ ent times, alderman, deputy mayor, and mayor. Apjj eton. De Peyster, JOHN WATTS, of Rose Hill, Tivoli, N.Y., brig.-gen. M.F.S., N.Y., b. N.Y. City, 9 Mar. 1821. Principal contrib. to the Eclaireur,Q, milit. jour., 1853-4 ; and its editor 1854-8; privately printed "Life of L. Tor- stenseu," 8vo, 1855 ; " The Dutch at the North Pole and the Dutch in Maine," 12mo, 1857 ; " Early Settlement of Acadie by the Dutch," 8vo, 1858 ; " The Dutch Battle of the Baltic," 8vo, 1858; "Hist, of Carausius," 8vo, 1858 ; " The Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern Nether- landers/ 8vo, 1859 ; " Winter Campaigns the Test of Generalship," 8vo, 1862; "Practical Strategy," 8vo, 1863 ; " Secession in Switzer land and in the U.S. compared," 8vo, 1864; " Decisive Conflicts of the late Civil War," 1868. Gen. De P. has prepared a genealogy of his family, and has pub. some pamphlets on mili tary and religious subjects. AHibone. Derbigny, PETER, gov. of La. from 1828 until his death, Oct. 6, 1829. App. in 1820, with Livingston and Moreau, to revise the laws of La. Derby, ELIAS HASKET, merchant, b. Sa lem, Ms., Aug. 16, 1739; d. there Sept. 8, 1799. His father, Capt. Richard (1712-83), was a successful shipmaster and merchant of Salem, a member of the Gen. Court, 1769-73, of the council, 1774-7. His bro. JOHN was an owner of the ship " Columbia," which discov ered the Columbia River. By a remarkable concurrence of events, he carried to England the first news of the battle of Lexington, and, at the close of the war, bore home from France the first news of peace. Elias, engaging exten sively in business, owned, at the commencement of the Revol., 7 ships in the W. India trade. The war ruined Amer. commerce; and Mr. Der by, uniting with his townsmen, aided in the equipment of 158 armed vessels fitted out from Salem, many of which were successful, at least 445 vessels being captured from the enemy. Appreciating the importance of speed, Mr. Derby built shipyards, studied naval architecture, and built a class of vessels superi or in size model, and speed to any previously launched in the Colonies. He opened Ameri can trade to St. Petersburg in 1784, and to Canton and Calcutta soon afterward. Hunt s Merchants. Derby, GEN. ELIAS HASKET, merchant, b. Salem, Jan. 10, 1766 ; d. Londonderry, N.H., Sept. 16, 1826. One of the founders of the In dia trade, first importer of Merino sheep, and began the manuf. of American broadcloth dur ing the War of 1812. Reed, an lion, degree from H.U. in 1803. Derby, ELIAS HASKET, lawyer, b. Salem, Ms., 24 Sept. 1803. H.U. 1824. Son of Gen. E. H. Derby. He studied law under Daniel Webster, began practice in Boston in 1827, and attained distinction in railway cases. He has been pres. of the Old .Colony R. R. Co., hae been active in promoting the commercial interests of Boston, and was earnest and zeal ous in his efforts to secure the construction of iron-clads during the civil war. Besides con- tribs. to the Edinburgh Review, the Atlantic Monthly, &c., he is the author of " Two Months Abroad," 1844; "The Catholic," "The Overland Route to the Pacific," and many reports on the " Fisheries," the " British Provinces," &c., written while U.S. commis sioner. Derby, GEORGE H., capt. U. S. topog. engrs., b. Norfolk Co., Ms., 1824 ; d. insane in N.Y. City, May 15, 1861. West Point, 1846. Descendant of E. H. Derby, merchant of Salem. Severely wounded at Cerro Gordo, and brev. for gallantry. Afterward stationed in Cal., where he produced those humorous papers, since pub. under the title " Phcenix- iana," the success of which has encouraged a multitude of imitators. After his death, some of his other pieces were pub., entitled " The Squibob Papers." Employed by govt. in erect ing lighthouses on the coasts of Fla. and Ala., he received a sunstroke, which resulted in a softening of the brain. -Capt. top. engrs. 1 July, 1860. De Ros, JOHN FRED. FITZGERALD, rear- adm. (1857) British navy, b. 1804; d. June 19, 1861. Author of " Travels in the U.S. in 1826." De Hussy, LEWIS G., engineer, b. N.Y. ; d.La.,Dec. 17, 1864. West Point, 1814. En tering the 1st Art., he became capt. 3d Art., 11 Dec. 1825; paymaster and maj. 21 Sept. 1826; was dropped from the army register in 1842; col. 1st La. Vols. during the Mexican war, 1846-8; planter at Natchitoches, La., 1848-61, and civil engineer; member of the house, 1851-3, and of the senate of La., 1853- 5; maj.-gen. La. militia, 1848-61. Joined the Rebellion against the U.S. Cullum. DeE-USSy, RENE EDWARD, col. engs. U.S.A., b. N.Y. City, 1791 ; d. San Francisco, Nov. 23, 1865. West Point, 1812. Son of Thos. of St. Maloes, France, who came to N.Y. in 1791, and long resided at Old Point Comfort, Va. Brev. capt., Sept. 11, 1814, for gallant conduct at the battle of Plattsburg ; chief-engr. of Macomb s army in 1814; capt. 9 Feb. 1815; brev. maj. Sept. 11, 1824; supt. Milit. Acad. from July, 1833 to Sept. 1838; lieut.-col. engrs. Dec. 7, 1898 ; col. March 3, 1863; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, At the breakirg-out of the war hi 1861, h* DES 266 IDES was ordered to the defence of the Pacific coast. Two sons, Gustavus and John, grad. West Point; the former was a brig.-gen. U.S. vols., and brev. col. U.S.A., for gallant con duct in the civil war, and is now (1869) maj. 3d U.S. Art Desandrouins, Vicomte, a French engi neer, b. Dec. 12, 1740. Accorap. Montcalra to Canada in May, 1756, as a capt. royal engi neers, became his aide and military sec., and was disting. in the defence of Ticondcroga and in the subsequent operations in Canada. Chief-engr. in Rochambeau s army in the U.S. in 1780-3 ; made brig of inf., Dec. 5, 1781, and chief de brigade of the engr. corps. In 1789, he was a chev. of Malta, and a member of the National Assembly from Calais and Ardres. Desaussure, HENRY W., chancellor of S.C., 1808-37 ; d. Charleston, S.C., March 29, 1839, a. 75. In the Revol. war, he bore arms in defence of Charleston, and, after the organi zation of the U.S. Govt., was app. by Wash ington director of the mint. After filling the office a short time, he returned to Charleston, resumed the practice of law, and soon rose to eminence in his profession. He pub. 4 vols. of Equity Reports, which contain the early decisions of the Equity Court of S.C. ; Oration 4 Julj , 1798, before the S. C. Hist. Soc. De3 Barres, JOSEPH FREDERIC WALLET, soldier and hydrographer, b. 1722 ; d. Halifax, N.S., Oct. 24, 1824, a. 102. He received his ed ucation under the Bernouillis ; entered the Roy al Milit. Coll. at Woolwich ; embarked in Mar., 1756, as a lieut. in the 60th regt. for Amer., where, having raised 300 recruits in Pa. and Md., he formed them into a corps of field ar tillery, which he for a while com. In 1757, he led an exped. against the Indians who had at tacked Scheneetady, surprised and captured the chiefs, and brought them over to be useful allies to the army. He disting. himself as an engr. in the siege of Louisburg, in 1758; was aide-de-camp to Wolfe, to whom he was mak ing a report when he fell, dying in his arms, and conducted the subsequent engineering op erations, including the reduction of Fort Jacques Carder, and other strong places, which completed the conquest of Canada. In 1762, he was directing engr. and quarterm.-gen. in the exped. for retaking Newfoundland, and was publicly thanked for his services. From 1763 to 1773, he was engaged in surveying the coast of Nova Scotia. Returning to Eng. in 1774, he received the commendation of the king for the manner in which this duty had been per formed. Selected by Earl Howe to prepare charts of the N. A. coast, he adapted the sur veys of Holland, De Brahm, and others, to nautical purposes; pub. in 1777 "The Atlantic Neptune," in 2 large folios. In 1784, he was made gov. of Cape Breton, with the military com. of that and of Prince Edward s Island, and soon after began the town of Sydney, and opened and worked the valuable coal-fields at the entrance of the river. In 1 804, he was app. lieut.-gov. and com.-in-chief of Prince Edward s Island, being then in his 82d year. He was Capt. Cook s teacher in navigation. He pub. " Cape Breton," Lond., 8vo, 1804, privately printed, and suppressed. Deschamps, ISAAC, chief-justice of N.S from 1785 to his d., Aug. 11, 1801, a. 78. Of Swiss extraction. He came in early life to Nova Scotia ; was a clerk at Fort Edward ( Windsor) in 1754, and aided in suppressing the turbu lence of the Acadian French in that year; member of the assembly in 1761, and justice of C.C.P. for Kings Co.; judge of P.E. Island in 1768; and a judge of the Supreme Court of N.S., 1770-85 ; clerk of the assembly in 1772 ; app. counsellor, Oct. 6, 1783. Desha, JOSEPH, soldier arid statesman, b. Pa., Dec. 9, 1768; d. Georgetown, Ky., Oct. 11, 1842. Emigrating to Ky. in 1781, he served as a vol. in the exped. against the Indi ans under Gen. Wayne in 1794-5 ; represent ed Macon Co. one term in the State legisl.; fought at the battle of the Thames as a maj.- gen.; was M.C. in 1807-19, and gov. of Ky. from 1824 to 1828. Desha, GEN. ROBERT, bro. of Joseph, a prominent merchant of Mobile, and M C. from Tenn. from 1827 to 1831 ; d. Mobile, Feb. 8, 1849 ; capt. 24th Inf., Mar. 12, 1812 ; brev. maj. for gallant conduct in attempt to recapture Fort Mackinac, Aug. 4, 1814 ; brig.- maj. Oct. 1814. De Soto, FERNANDO, discoverer of the Mpi., b. Xeres, Estremadura, Spain, ab. 1500 ; d. June 5, 1542, on the banks of the Mpi. Of a noble but impoverished family, he was enabled by Pedrarias Davila to spend several years at a university, and became proficient in literary and knightly accomplishments. In 1519, he accomp. Davila, gov. of Darien, to Amer., and opposed his oppressive administration. Quit ting his patron, he, in 1528, explored the coast of Guatemala and Yucatan for 700 miles, in search of the strait which was supposed to connect the two oceans. He accomp. Pizarro to Peru, under the promise of being his second in com., in 1532, and was sent by Pizarro as ambassador to the inca Atahualpa. He was the hero of the battle which resulted in the capture of Cuzco, the metropolis ; soon after, returned to Spain with a fortune, met a flatter ing reception from Charles V., and m. the dau. of Davila. In the belief that Florida was a new El Dorado, richer than any that had been discovered, he undertook its conquest at his own expense. He sailed from San Lucar early in Apr. 1 538, with 600 men ; reached the bay of Spiritu Santo (Tampa Bay), May 25, 1539, and passed the first winter in the country of the Appalachians, E. of the Flint River. Oct. 18, 1540, he fought a sanguinary battle with the Indians at Mavilla, or Mobile on the Alabama. Soon after beginning his march to the N.W., in the following spring, a pestilential fever carried off nearly a score of his men. He reached the Mpi. after journeying seven days through a wilderness of forests and marshes ; crossed it, and marched N.W. to the highlands of the White River ; then proceeded South, and wintered on the Washita. While vainly at tempting to descend the banks of the Mpi., through the bayous and marshes, he was at tacked with a malignant fever, and d. To con ceal his death, his body was wrapped in a man tle, and at midnight was silently sunk in the middle of the stream. He had crossed a large DES 267 part of the continent in search of gold, and "found nothing so remarkable as his burial- place." A history of his life and travels, by L. A. Wilmer, was pub. at Phila. in 1858. Despard, JOHN, a Brit, gen., b. 1745 ; d. Sept. 3, 1829. Ensign 12th Foot, 1760 ; lieut. 1762 ; capt. Mar. 1777; maj. June, 1788 ; lieut.- col. July, 1791; col. Aug. 1795; maj.-gen. 1798; lieut.-gen. 1805; gen. 1814. Reserved in Germany ; came with the royal fusileers to Quebec in Mar. 1773, and was taken prisoner at St. John s, Nov. 1775; exchanged Dec. 1776 ; joined the army in N.Y., and was at the capture of Fort Montgomery. In June, 1778, he was made maj. of a corps raised by Lord Rawdon ; in Dec. 1779, dep. adj.-gen., and was at the capture of Charleston, and in the cam paigns of Cornwallis, ending with the surrender at Yorktown. He subsequently served on the staff of the army ; gov. of Cape Breton, 1800-7. He was in 24 engagements, and was 3 times shipwrecked. Philipart. Desprez-Crassier (da -pra kras -sea), JEAN ETIBNNE PHI LI BERT, a French gen., b. Grassier, Jan. 18, 1733 ; d. Ornex, ab. 1803. Entering the service as a cadet in 1745, he be came a capt. in 1757 in the regt. Royal Deux- ponts, which was employed in Germany until the peace of 1763. With the grade of lieut.- col. in the same corps, he fought (under the orders of Prince Maximilian, since king of Bavaria) in the Amer. war. He disting. him self particularly at Yorktown, where his brave regt., having captured two howitzers, obtained by the exploit the title of " Royal," then so flat tering, and the still more extraordinary distinc tion of bringing with it in its marches the two pieces of artillery which it had won. Mare- chal-de-camp in 1791 ; lieut.-gen. in Sept. 1792; he took com. of the advanced guard of the army of the centre, which repulsed the Prus sians at the camp of La Lune. Suspended as a nobleman in 1793, he was restored, and em ployed successively in the army of Italv, the Pyrenees, and of the Rhine, but was deprived of command, Oct. 26, 1795. Nouv. Biog. Gen. Dessalines (da -sa -len ) JEAN JACQUES, emperor of Hayti, b. ab. 1760; killed Oct. 17, 1806. Brought when young to Cape Francois, he was purchased by a black proprietor named Dessalines. Taking the name of his master, he served him until 1791, when he joined the bands of Biasson. Subsequently joining Tous- saintL Ouverture, he rose to high rank, display ing his bravery and also his ferocity. Upon the arrival of the French exped. under Leclerc, in 1802, he occupied the dept. of the south and west, conducting a bloody guerilla war against the French, and submitted to that gen. after the affair of Crete-a-Pierrot. He affected much zeal for the French, fought the insurgents, and treated the vanquished negroes with the same cruelty he had before shown the whites. But, when he saw the army decimated by the yellow-fever, he joined the blacks, and became their com, -in-chief. He gained a victory over Gen. Rochambeau, whom he forced to evacuate the isle, and made his entry at the Cape, Oct. 30, 1803. The people of Hayti proclaimed their independence Jan. 1,1804, and named Des- salines gov. -gen., who, in retaliation for the cruelties exercised by Rochambeau upon th blacks, invited them to a general massacre of the whites. He was crowned Oct. 8, 1804, under the name of Jean Jacques First. Feb. 16, 1805, he marched against St. Domingo; but the arrival of a French squadron with 4,000 troops obliged him to raise the siege with great loss. On his return, he occupied himself in lay ing down the constitutional bases of his govt., which were promulgated the 20th of May. His despotism and cruelty caused an insurrection Oct. 14, 1806. Directing his course to the south, in order to repress it, he fell into an am buscade near Port au Prince, where he lost his life. De Trobriand, PHILIP REGIS, brev.brig.- gen. U.S.A., b. France. Col. 55th N.Y. vols., Aug. 1861 ; engaged, at Yorktown and Wil- liamsburg, Va. ; com. brigade at Fredericks- burg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Manassas Gap, Auburn and Kelly s Ford ; brig.-gen. U. S. vols. Jan. 5, 1864 ; com. brig. 2d corps, Army of the Potomac at Deep Bottom ; assault of Petersburg, Jerusalem Road, Peebles s Farm, Boydtown Road, raid to Hick s Ford on the Weldon Railroad ; battles of Hatcher s Run and Five Forks, and com. a division in the operations ending in Lee s surrender. Brev. maj.-gen. of vols. and brig.-gen. U. S. A. for gallant services in the war ; col. 31st U.S. Inf., July, 1866; now (1871), col. 12th U. S. Inf. Author of " Quatre Ans de Campagnes de I Ar- me e du Potomac." Henry. DeuxpontS, CHRISTIAN and WILLIAM, Counts DE FORBACH DBS, respectively col. and lieut.-col. of the regt. of that name ; served in the army of Rochambeau in Amer. in 1780-3. CHRISTIAN, b. Deuxponts, Bavaria, 20 Oct. 1752; became col. in 1775; disting. at York- town ; com. the Bavarian corps at Hohenlin- den in 1800, with such distinction as to merit the grand cross of the order of Maximilian Joseph. WILLIAM, b. 18 June, 1754; d. 16 years before his bro. Lieut.-col. Oct. 2, 1779 ; wounded in the attack on the redoubt at York- town, on the night of Oct. 14, 1781; for his gallantry on this occasion was made by the King of France a chev. of the military order of St. Louis. He was afterward com. of the Palace Guard, a post of honor at the Bavarian court. A journal of his campaigns in Amer., edited by Dr. S. A. Green, was pub. Boston, 8vo, 1868. De Vere, MAXIMILIAN SCHELE, LL.D., prof, of modern languages and belles-lettres in the U. of Va., b. near Wexio, Sweden, Nov. 1, 1820. He first entered the military and after ward the diplomatic service of Prussia. Emi grating to the U.S., he was app. prof, in 1844. His contribs. upon a great variety of subjects, historical, literary, and scientific, have appeared in the British Quarterly Review, the Southern Literary Messenger, Putnam s and Harper s Magazines, &c. He pub. in 1853 " Outlines of Comparative Philology," in 1856 " Stray Leaves from the Book of Nature," and "Stud ies in English," " Glimpses of Europe in 1848." Devine,TnoMAS C.,brev.brig.-gcn.U.S.A., b. N. Y. Lieut.-col. 1st New York militia ; capt. of mounted mm in Va., July-Oct. 1861 j 268 20!. 6th N.Y. cav. Nov. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. Oct. 1864 ; lieut.-col. 8th U.S. cav. July, 1866. Engaged at South Mountain and Fredericks- burg ; com. brigade of cav. at Chancellors- ville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, and various other cavalry actions ; in Sheridan s cav. campaign at battles of Todd s Tavern, Spottsylvania C.H., Cold Harbor, Trevillian s Station, and brev. brig.-gen. vols., and wounded at Front Royal; engaged at Opequan, Fisher s Hill, and Cedar Creek ; com. division in Sher idan s raid to Lynchburg and in the opera tions terminating in Lee s surrender; brev. maj.-gen. vols. for gallant services in the war ; col. U. S. A. for Fisher s Hill, and brig.-gen. for Sailor s Creek, Va. ; d. Ms. Apr. 4, 1878. Dew, THOMAS RODERIC, publicist, b. King and Queen Co., Va., Dec. 5, 1802; d. Paris, France, Aug. 6, 1846. Win. and Mary Coll., 1 820. He studied law, travelled two years in the south of Europe, in i8" was elected prof, of political economy, history, and metaphysics in vVin. and Mary Coll., and in 1836 was made pres. In 1829, he pub. his "Lectures on the Restrictive System." His essay on " Slavery" produced an extraordinary effect upon public opinion, and at the time set at rest the ques tion of emancipation in Va. He also contrib. to the Southern Lit. Messenger. His most elab orate work, pub. in N.Y. in 1853, entitled "A Digest of Ancient and Modern History," is a treatise on the history of the world, from the earliest ages to the first French Revolution. In the summer of 1846, hem., and setout with his bride for a short European tour, but lived only to reach Paris. Appieton. Dewees, WILLIAM POTTS, M.D., phys- cian, b. Potts Grove, Pa., May 5, 1768; d. Phila., May 20, 1841. Left fatherless in early life, and without the means of obtaining an education, he served some time with an apothe cary, attended medical lectures in the U. of Pa., and in 1789 commenced practice. He re moved to Phila. in 1793, where he devoted him self especially to obstetrics, and soon acquired a high reputation in this dept., upon which he delivered lectures. In 1812, he relinquished practice on account of ill health, and devoted the 5 ensuing years to farming at Phillipsburg, Pa. He resumed practice in 1817, with great success. In 1825, he was chosen prof, of mid wifery in the U. of Pa., first as an assist., and in 1834 as principal, but, his health again fail ing him, he resigned in 1835. After spending one winter in Cuba, and the following summer in the North, he settled in Mobile. About a year before his death, he returned to Phila. In 1823, he pub. a vol. of occasional contribs. to the medical journals; in 1825, his "Mid wifery" and his treatise on "Children" "Diseases of Females" in 1826, and "Prac tice of Medicine," 1830. Williams s Med. Biog. Dewey, CHARLES AUG., LL.D. (H. U. 1840), judge Ms. Sup. Court, 1837-66, b. Wil- liamstown, Ms., 13 Mar. 1793 ; d. Northamp ton, Ms., 22 Aug. 1866. Wms. Coll. 1811. Son of Judge Daniel. He studied law with Theo. Sedgewick ; practised in Williamstown in 1814-26 ; removed to Northampton, and was U. S. dist.-atty in 1830-7. Dewey, CHESTER, D.D. (Un. Coll. 18.38), M.D. (Y.C. 1825), LL.D. (Wms. Coll. 1850), physician, b. Sheffield, Ms., Oct. 25, 1784 ; d. Rochester, N.Y., Dec. 15, 1867. Wms. Coll. 1806. He studied for the ministry ; began to preach in 1808 at Tyringham, Ms. ; was after ward a tutor in Wms. Coll.; from 1810 to 1826 was prof, of mathematics and natural philos. there ; from 1827 to 1836 taught the gymnasium at Pittsfield with great success ; was principal of the Collegiate Inst. at Roches ter, N.Y., from 1837 to 1850 ; and from 1850 to 1860 was prof, of chemistry and nat. philos. in the new U. of Rochester. For many years, he was prof, of and lecturer on botany and chem istry in the med. colleges at Pittsfield, Ms., and at Woodstock, Vt. Dr. Dewey preached and taught for more than 60 years. He was the author of" Reports on the Herbaceous Plants of Ms.," and of many articles in scientific jour nals, as well as the secular and religious press. His botanical papers in the American Journal of Science attracted the attention of the ablest European botanists. Dewey, DANIEL, judge Ms. Sup. Court from 1814 to his d., 26 May, 1815, b. Sheffield, Ms., 29 Jan. 1766. He settled in Williams- town in 1787 ; studied law under Theo. Sedge- wick, and attained high rank in the prof. ; was a member of the exec, council, and M. C. 1813-14. Dewey, ORVILLE, D.D., LL.D., clergy- man, b. Sheffield, Ms., Mar. 28, 1794. Wms. Coll. 1814; AndoverSem. 1819. He preached 8 months as agent for the Education Society, and at Gloucester, Ms. ; became a Unitarian ; soon after became an assist, of Dr. Channing, and was pastor of the Unit. Church in New Bedford from Dec. 17, 1823, until his first voy age to Europe, June, 1833. " The Old World and the New," 1836, contains the account of his 2 years visit. Nov. 26, 1835, he was called to the 2d Unit. Church, N.Y., which, during his ministry, built the Church of the Mes siah. He was again abroad in 1842-4; but continued ill health compelled him to withdraw in 1848 to his paternal farm in Sheffield. Here he prepared a course of lectures for the Lowell Institute at Boston, on "The Problem of Hu man Life and Destiny," delivered in the princi pal cities of the Union. This was followed, in 1855, by another Lowell course on " The Edu cation of the Human Race." Meanwhile, he filled the Unit, pulpit in Albany one winter, and in Washington two. In 1858, he was again settled as a Unitarian pastor over the society, in Church Green, Boston, from which he retired in 1862. His first publication was "Letters on Revivals." While in New Bedford, he contrib. much to the Christian Examiner and the N. A. Review. He pub. in 1835 a vol. of sermons. His works have been collected and pub. in 3 vols., N. Y., 1847, and were printed in Lond. in 1844. As a pulpit orator, he was earnest, original, and impressive. DeWitt, CHARLES, member Old Congress, 1783-5, b. 1728; d. Kingston, N.Y., Sept. 1787. DeWitt, SIMEON, b. Ulster Co., N.Y., Dec. 25, 1756; d. Ithaca, Dec, 3, 1834 Queen s Coll. 1776. Joining the army of Gates, he was present at the surrender of Bur- DEX 269 3DLA. iroyne; was assist, geographer to the army, 1778-80; chief geog. in 1780-3, and present at the surrender of Cornwallis ; surveyor-gen, of N. Y., 1784-1834; app. surveyor-gen, of the U. S. in 1796, but declined. From 1798, regent; from 1817, vice-chancellor ; and from 1829, chancellor, of the State of N. Y. Mem ber of many literary and scientific bodies. An " Eulogium " on his life and services, by T. Romeyn Beck, was pub., 8vo, Albany, 1835. Author of " Elements of Perspective," 12mo, Albany, 1813; Map of N. Y., 1804. Dexter, FRANKLIN, LL.D. (H. U. 1857), lawyer, b. Charlestown, Ms., Nov. 5, 1793 ; d. Beverly, Aug. 14, 1857. H. U. 1812. Son of Samuel, an eminent lawyer. He established himself at Boston, where he attained a promi nent rank at the bar ; filled many public offi ces ; delivered the 4th of July oration in 1819 before the town authorities ; was a member of the city council in 1825 ; a member of both branches of the State legisl. ; was in 1836 one of the select committee upon the revised stat utes; U. S. dist.-atty. 1841 to 1845, and in 1 849 was app. by Pres. Taylor U. S. dist.-atty. for Ms. He exhibited great skill and logical acuteness in defence of the Knapps in their trial for the murder of Capt. White of Salem, in 1830, against Daniel Webster, who was em ployed in behalf of the govt. With his emi nence as a lawyer, he united great knowledge and skill in art, and high attainments in litera ture and general knowledge. Dexter, HENRY, sculptor, b. N. Y. Hav ing lost his father, at the age of 12 he removed with his family to Ct, where he was a farmer, and afterward a blacksmith. His artist-long ings, however, finally triumphed, and he settled in Boston as a portrait-painter, but eventually turned his attention to modelling, and has since executed many fine portrait-busts and statues. Among them are Pre Felton, Gov. Wis- ner, Joseph Warren, S. P. Chase, the Govern ors of 1860, the "Binney Child," "The Back woodsman," " The Young Naturalist," and " The First Lesson." His studio was at Cam bridge, Ms., where he d. June 23, 1876, a. 60. Dexter, HENRY MARTYN, D.D. (Iowa, 1865), pastor, 1849-67, of what is now the Berkeley-st. Cong. Church, Boston ; b. Plymo. Co., Ms., 13 Aug. 1821. Y. C. 1840; And. Theol. Sem. 1844. Descended from farmer Thos. Dos-ter of Lynn, and from Geo. Morton of Plymouth. Pastor of the Franklin-street Church, Manchester, N.H., 1844-9. He has pub. "Street Thoughts," 1859; "Twelve Dis courses," 1860; "Future Punishment," and " Congregationalism." Editor of Church s "Philip s War," 1865, and Mourt s "Rela tion." Now (1871) in Europe, engaged in col lecting materials for a new history of Old Ply mouth Colony. In 1851, he became editor of the Congreyationalist, weekly, and in 1858 of the Cong. Quarterly. Dexter, SAMUEL, LL.D. (H.U. 1813), an eminent lawyer and statesman, b. Boston, May 14, 1761 ; d. Athens, N.Y.,May4, 1816. H.U. 1781. Son of Samuel, a Revol. patriot, and benefactor of H.U. He studied law at Wor cester, but had not been long at the bar, before he was elected to the State legisl., from which he was transferred, first to the house (1793-5), and then to the senate (1799-1800), of the U.S. Here, during a period of strong party excite ment, he gained influence and honor by the force of his character and talents, his enlight ened politics, and his oratory. He was app. by Pres. Adams successively sec. of war (1800) and of the treasury (1801), and had charge for a short time of the state dept. A foreign em bassy which was offered him he declined ; and, on the accession of Jefferson, he returned to the practice of the law. In 1815, Madison tendered him an extraordinary mission to the court of Spain ; but he declined the offer. He continued many years to display extraordinary powers in his profession ; having no superior, and scarcely a rival, before the Supreme Court at Washington, in which he appeared every winter in cases of the highest importance. In politics, at first an acknowledged leader of the Federalists, he separated himself from them during the War of 1812, and gave that measure his support. He argued against the validity of the embargo with all his strength, and always maintained the unconstitutionally of that measure. He was the first pres. of the first society formed in Ms. for the promotion of temperance. He drafted the eloquent an swer of the senate to Pres. Adams s address on the death of Washington, and pub. a "Letter on Freemasonry ; " " Progress of Science," a poem, 1780; and "Speeches and Political Papers." See Story s Sketch. Dexter, TIMOTHY, known as " Lord Timothy," remarkable for eccentricity, b. Maiden, Jan. 22, 1747; d. Newburyport," Oct. 22, 1806. He rose from poverty to* affluence ; possessed much acuteness, and was honest in his dealings, but lacked that kind of prudence which so frequently hides bad, and sets off good qualities. He was benevolent By his itch to appear in print, he frequently exposed his igno rance. See his " Pickle for the Knowing Ones." His vanity was exhibited by his assuming the title of " Lord." He built a house at New buryport, adorned according to his own whims. His biography, by S. L. Knapp, was pub., Boston, 12mo, 1823. Dias (dee -az), GONQALVEZ, Brazilian poet, b. Cachias, province of Maranha, 10 Aug. 1823. Studied at U. of Coimbra. Author of " Prim- eiros Cantos," Rio, 1846; " Segundos Cantos," 1848 ; " Leonor de Mendonqa" 1847, and other poems; died at sea in 1864. Diaz del Castillo, BERNAL, a Spanish adventurer and chronicler, b. Medina del Campo, ab. 1 500. He went to seek his fortune in the New World in 1514, and joinc.d theexpeds. of Cordova in 1517, and Grijalra in 1518. He next attached himself to Cortes, whom he served faithfully and valiantly. He was en gaged in 119 battles and rencounters, and was several times wounded. In 1568, he was reyider of the city of Guatemala. In 1558, he finished his " Historia verdaderade la Conquesta de la Nueva Espana," designed to correct the misstatements of Gomara s " Chronicle of New Spain," and to claim for himself and comrades a share of the glory which Gomara gave almost wholly to Cortes. It was first pub. at Madrid in 1632. An English translation, by Lockhart, r>ic 270 DIG appeared in 1844. Wilson s " New History of the Conquest of Mexico " impugns the authen ticity of Diaz s narrative, which he calls a col lection of fables. He was a rough, unlettered soldier ; but he describes accurately many in teresting transactions, and supplies much im portant information relative to the history of the New World. Dick, JAMES T., artist, b.N.Y. City, 1834 ; d. Brooklyn, L.I., 19 Jan. 1868. Son of A. L. Dick, whose engraving of " The Last Supper " gained him much repute. At the age of 14, he gained most of the prizes awarded by the Man chester Academy of Design. One of the originators of the Brooklyn Art School, and a founder of the Acad. of Design. Among his bc*t pieces are "Cooling Off," " Leap Frog," and " At Mischief." Dick, DR. SAMUEL, member of the Old Congress, from N.J., 1783-4; d. N.J., Nov. 1812. Dickens, ASBURY, sec. U.S. senate, 1836- 61 ; b. N.C., 1773 ; d. Oct. 23, 1861. Early in life, he removed to Phila. ; afterward spent some years in Europe ; rilled a post in the treasury dept. under Sec. Crawford, and was chief clerk of the State dept. under Van Buren. Dickerson, MAHLON, statesman, b. Han over, N.J., 17 Apr. 1770 ; d. Suckasunny 5 Oct. 1853. N.J. Coll. 1789. Adm. to the bar in 1793, he pract. with reputation in Phila. ; was quarterm.-gen. of Pa. in 1805-8; recorder of Phila., 1808-10. Returning to N.J. in 1814, he was a member of the legisl. ; judge of the Sup. Court, gov. and chancellor, 1815-17; U.S. senator, 1818-34; sec. U. S. N., 1834-8, and was subsequently, for a few months, a judge of the dist. court of N.J. Pres. Araer. Institute, 1846-8. Though a State s-rights Democ., he advocated a protective tariff, and was largely concerned in the mining and manuf. of iron in Morris Co. See Nat. Port. Gall., vol. iii. Dickerson, PHILEMON, bro. of Mahlon ; M.C., 1833-5 and 1839-41; gov. of N.J., 1836 ; subsequently U.S. dist. judge of N.J. ; b. Morris Co., N.J., 1788; d. Patterson, 10 Dec. 1862. Dickinson, ANNA ELIZABETH, orator and reformer, b. Phila., Oct. 28, 1842. Her father died when she was 2 years old ; and she was educated in the Friends free schools. She read with avidity, devoting all her earn ings to the purchase of books, and attending the lectures of disting. orators. Her early days were a continuous struggle with poverty ; but her indomitable courage, and willingness to do any thing for an honest living, carried her through . Her first public speech was at a meet ing of Progressive Friends in Jan. 1860, to discuss " woman s rights and wrongs ; " and she at once became famous. Her first prepared speech on " Woman s Work " was delivered at Mullica Hill, N.J., in April, 1860. She next taught a school in Bucks Co., at a salary of $25 a month. From Apr. to Dec. 1861, she had a place in the U.S. Mint at Phila., from which she was dismissed for denouncing McClellan in a speech in West Chester. She first spoke in Boston at the Music Hall, in the spring of 1862, on the " National Crisis," and with great effect. In the following winter, she delivered her effective speech on " Hospital Life," at Concord, N.H., and was engaged by the Repub. committee to make campaign speeches through the State. Her eloquence secured the victory in the ensuing election ; and she was honored by the press and people. A similar result fol lowed her efforts in Ct., N.Y., and Pa. Jan. 16, 1864, at the request of the leading senators and representatives, she spoke in the PI. of Repre sentatives at Washington, and gave the pro ceeds, $1,030, to the Freedmen s Relief Society. This address was repeated in N.Y. and Boston, eliciting high praise. Her reputation was iiow thoroughly established ; and that winter she addressed lyceums nearly every night at 100 dollars per night. One of her most powerful and impressive appeals was made in the con vention of Southern Loyalists at Phila. in Sept. 1866. Duringthewar, in camp and hospital, she spoke words of tenderness to the sick and dying, uttered the highest thought in Amer. politics in the crisis of our history, pointed out the cause and remedy of the war, and unveiled treason in the army and the White House, re buking without hesitation the iniquity and in capacity of those in high places. Since the war, she has spoken much upon woman s work and suffrage. She pub. " What Answer ? " 1868. Eminent Women of the Aye. Dickinson, DANIEL STEVENS, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1858), jurist and statesman, b. Goshen, Ct., Sept. 11, 1800; d. April 12, 1866. He went to Chenango Co., N.Y., in 1806, edu cated himself; was adm. to the bar in 1S27, and in 1831 settled at Binghamton, N*.Y. ; State senator in 1837-40; cx-offlcio judge of the Court of Errors, 1836-41, and lieut.-gov. ; pres. of the senate and of said court from 1 842 to 1844; U.S. senator, 1844-51. He ranked high as a debater, and took a prominent part in the discussion on tlte annexation of Texas, Mexican war, and the compromise of 1850. He was chairman of the senate committee on finance. His course on the slavery question placed him at the head of the conservative or " hunker " Democrats, one of whose candi dates for the presidency he was in 1852. On the breaking-out of the Rebellion, he devoted his energies to sustaining the govt, addressing public assemblages, advising all to ignore party, and by word and deed to defend the laws and the country. At the time of his decease, he was U.S. dist. attv. for N.Y. He had a high reputation as.a msV/wms lawyer, was apt at rep artee, and had a strong vein of humor. His "Life and Works " were pub in 1867, in 2 vols., by his bro. J. R. Dickinson. Dickinson, JOHN, LL.D., (N.J. Coll. 1769), statesman, b. Md., Nov. 13, 1732; d. Wilmington, Del., Feb. 14, 1808. Son of Judge Samuel. He studied law in Phila., and then at the Temple, Lond., and, after his return, practised with success at the Phila. bar. Elected to the Pa. assembly in 1764, he evinced unusual capacities for a legislator, and was, on all occasions, a read} 7 and energetic debater. At the same time, he became known by his publications upon the attempts of Britain to infringe the liberties of the Colonies. His " Address to the Committee of Corresp. in DIG 271 DIE Barbacloes," who had censured the opposition of the northern Colonies to the Stamp Act, pub. at Phila., 1766, is an eloquent and digni fied defence of the Colonies. A deputy to the- first Colonial Congress in 1765, its resolutions were drawn up by him. In 1767, he pub. his " Farmer s Letters to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies," repub. in London, with a preface by Dr. Franklin, and subsequently in French, in Paris. In 1774, he published his " Essaj on the Constitutional Power of Great Britain over the Colonies in America." He was a member of the first Cont. Congress in 1774, and wrote those important State papers, " The Address to the Inhabitants of Quebec," " The Declaration to the Armies," the two petitions to the king, and " The Address to the States." He opposed the Declaration of Independence, as premature, and was one of the few members of Congress who did not sign that instrument. This course made him un popular at home, and for several years he was absent from the public councils. In Oct. 1777, he was made brig.-gen. of Pa. militia. In Apr. 1779, he returned to Congress from Del., arid wrote " The Address to the States " of May 26. He was, in 1781-5, pres of the States of Del. and Pa. successively, and in 1787 a member of the conv. for framing the Federal Constitu tion. In 1 788, appeared his " Fabius " Letters, advocating the adoption of the new constitu tion. Another series, over the same signature, on the relations of the U.S. with France, 1797, was his last work. In 1792, he was a member of the convention which formed the constitu tion of Del. His political writings were pub. in 2 vols. in 1801. He was a man of elegant learning and fine conversational powers. Dick inson Coll., which he founded, and liberally endowed, perpetuates his name and important services to his country. Dickinson, JONATHAN, Presb. clergyman, b. Hatfield, Ms., Apr. 22, 1688; d. Elizabeth- town, N.J., Oct. 7, 1747. Y.C. 1706. Grandson of Nath l, one of the first settlers of Wethers- field, Ct. He came to Elizabethtown in 1708, and 29 Sept. 1709, was installed pastor of the Presb. church, where he remained till his death. The adjoining townships of Rahway, Westfield, Union, Springfield, and part of Chatham, were included in his parish, in which he was also engaged in teaching, and in the practice of medicine. After the separation of the N.J. churches from the synod of Phila., in 1741, a charter for the College of N.J. was obtained, the first classes were opened in Elizabethtown ; and Dickinson was elected pres. Oct. 22, 1746. His hijrh reputation as a preacher and contro versialist is evinced by his published sermons and theol. treatises. He was one of the ablest champions of Calvinism in this country. He pub. "True Scripture Doctrine," &c., in five discourses, 1741; a 3d ed. of his "Familiar Letters upon Important Subjects in Religion," was pub., Edinb., 12mo, 1757, and a collect, of many of his writings in the same place, 8vo, 1793. Sj>rague. Dickinson, JONATHAN, chief-justice of Pa. ; d. 1722. He was a Quaker, came from Jamaica with his family in 1696, and was ship wrecked in the Gulf of Florida. His pub. ac count was entitled, " God s Protecting Provi dence Man s Surest Help and Defence." Dickinson, GEN. PHILEMON, Revel, offi cer, b. near Dover, Del., Apr. 5, 1739 ; d. near Trenton, Feb. 4, 1809. He was educated in Phila. under Dr. Allison, and cultivated a small farm near Trenton, N.J. Entering the army in 1775, he was app. to com. the N.J. militia. With about 400 men, he attacked and defeated a large foraging party, Jan. 21, 1777. He com. the militia at the battle of Monmouth. Member of the Old Congress from Del. in 1782-3 ; U.S. senator, 1790-3; member of the commission app. in Dec. 1784 to select a site for the national capital. Dickson, SAMUEL HENRY, LL.D. (N.Y. Coll. 1853), physician, b. Charleston, S.C., Sept. 20,1798. Y. Coll. 1814. Of Scottish par entage. His father came to Amer. before the Revol., and fought at the South under Gen. Lincoln. He was in Charleston during the siege, and long afterward ; taught there the school of the S C. Society, and d. 1819. The son studied medicine at Charleston, and prac- tised there during the prevalence of the yellow- fever in 1817. In 1818-19, he attended the medical lectures of the U. of Pa., grad. in 1819, and at once began practice. In 1823, he delivered a course of lectures on physiology and pathology, before the medical students of the city ; the class consisting of about 30. He was instrumental in the establishment of a med. coll. in Charleston; and on its organiza tion in 1824, he was called to the chair of insti tutes and practice of medicine. He withdrew in 1832, but on its re-organization in 1833, as the med. coll. of S.C., he was re-elected. He was prof, of the practice of medicine in the U. of N.Y. from 1847 to 1850, when he resumed his post at Charleston. In 1858, he was called to the chair of practice of medicine in the Jeff. Med. Coll., Phila., which he long filled. He has contrib. many papers to the med. journals of the U.S., and to the periodicals, and is the au thor of " Manual of Pathology and Practice of Medicine," N.Y. ; "Essays on Pathology and Therapeutics," 2 vols., 8vo, N.Y., 1845; es says on " Life, Sleep, Pain," &c., Phila., 1852 ; "Elements of Medicine," Phila., 1855. He has also delivered many speeches, lectures, and addresses. He pub. a pamphlet on slavery, originally in a Boston periodical, in which he maintained the essential inferiority of the ne gro, and the futility of the projects suggested for changing his condition ;d. Mar. 31, 1872. Diereville (de-air -vell), French traveller, b. Pont 1 Eveque; d. 1708. He embarked at La Rochelle.Aug. 20, 1699, as supercargo of a vessel bound to Acadia, and landed at Port Royal, Oct. 13, where he remained until Oct. 6, 1700, and reached La Rochelle Nov. 9. He brought many new plants from Amer., among others a shrub with beautiful yellow flowers, which Tournefort has named Dierevilla, and which Linna3us has classed in the genus Loui- cera, and which De Jussieu has re-established as a gen us. He pub. an account of his voyage, Paris, 1708. Nouv. Bt ofj. Gen. Dieskau (dees -kow), JEAN ERDMAN, Baron, a French gen., b. Saxony, 1701; d. Surenne, near Paris, Sept. 8, 1767. He first IDUL, 272 3DIX served as a lieut.-col. of cav., under Marshal Saxe, and, after serving in the Nether- lauds, became in 1748 brig.-gen. of inf., and com. of Brest. Sent to Canada, Feb. 20, 1755, with the rank of maj.-gen. With 600 Indians, as many Canadians, and 300 regulars, he as cended Lake Champlain to attack Fort Ed ward, which was defended by Gen. Johnson. Defeating a detachment sent to its relief, under Col. Williams, Sept. 8, 1755, he pursued the fugitives, hoping to enter the fort with them. The Indians halted outside the intrenchments ; the attacking force was routed and put to flight, and Dieskau, severely wounded, was made prisoner. Exchanged in 1763, he returned to France, where he received a pension. Dillingham, PAUL, lawyer and politician, b. Shutesbury, Ms., Aug. 1800; removed with his father to Waterbury, Vt., in 1805 ; was adm. to the bar of Washington Co. in 1824; was town-clerk of Waterbury in 182944; was 18 years justice of the peace ; State s atty. for Wash. Co. ,1835-8; member Const. Conv. in 1836-7; was 6 years a State representative; State senator, 1841-2; M. C. 1843-7; gov. of Vt., 1865-7. Dillon (de -lon ), ARTHUR, COMTE DE, a French gen. of Irish descent, b. Braywick, Ire land, Sept. 3, 1750 ; guillotined at Paris, April 14, 1794. Son of Henry, llth Viscount Dil lon. Named in his infancy col. of the regt. Dillon, originally raised by his grandfather for the service of Louis XIV., he took in 1777 an active and disting. part in the Amer. war ; at its head at the taking of Granada, St. Eusta- tia, Tobago, and St. Christopher. After the unfortunate attack upon Savannah, in which he participated, he was named successively gov. of St. Christopher, brigadier, March 1, 1780, and markka! -de-camp, Jan. 1,1784. He served with distinction at Yorktown. He was 3 years gov. of Tobago ; was a dep. to the States-gen. ; com. the army of the North in 1792; opposed the Prussians with success in the forest of Argonne under Dumouriez, and % compelled them to evacuate Verdun. De nounced by his political enemies on the most absurd pretexts, he was condemned, and suf fered with great courage. Nouv. Bio<j. Gen, Dillon, JOHN B, author, b. Brooke Co., Va., ab. 1807. While an infant, his father moved to Belmont Co., 0., and d. when John was 9 years old. He then returned to his na tive county, became a printer, and at 17 went to Cincinnati. While there, he contrib. poeti cal pieces to the journals. In 1834, he went to Logansport, Ind., where he practised law ; in 1842, he pub. "Historical Notes;" in 1845, he became State librarian ; has since been identified with popular education in Ind., and its benevolent institutions, and was many years sec. of the State Board of Agric. ; sec. of the Ind. Hist. Society. In 1859, he pub. "A History of Indiana." Poets and Poetry of the Wist. Dimick, JUSTIN, col. U.S.A., b. Ct., July, 1800. West Point, 1819. Entering the art., he be came capt. Apr. 6, 1835; brev. major "for gallant and meritorious conduct in war against Florida Indians," May 8, 1836; brev. lieut.- col. " for battles of Contreras and Churu- busco," Aug. 20, 1847; com. P. F. Smith s brigade in battle of Contreras ; brev. col. " for battle of Chapultepec," Sept. 3, 47 ; com. his regt. on the 13th, and at the capture of the City of Mexico ; major 1st Art., Apr. 1, 1850; lieut.-col. 2d Art., Oct. 5, 1857; col. 1st. Art., Oct. 26, 1861; retired 1 Aug. 1863; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; gov. Sol dier s Home, near Washington, D.C., 14 Jan. 1 864-68 ;d. Phil. Oct. 17, 1871. Dinsmoor, ROBERT, poet, b. Windham, N.H., Oct. 7, 1757; d. there 1836. Of a Scotch Presbyterian family, who came from the N. of Ireland. His father was a soldier in the old French war ; and the son was in the battle of Saratoga. With scanty educa tion, he became a farmer at Windham, and was a zealous Presb. He published at Ha- verhill, in 1828, " Incidental Poems," together with a preface and sketch of the author s life, by Robert Dinsmoor the " Rustic Bard." Duyckinck. Dinsmoor, SAMUEL, gov. of N.H. in 1 83 1 - 4, b. Londonderry, N. H., July 1, 1766 ; d. Keene, Mar. 15, 1835. Dartm. Coll. 1789. He was many years a maj.-gen of militia ; M. C. 1811-13; State counsellor, 1821, and judge of probate. Dinsmoor, SAMUEL, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1851), gov. of N.H., 1849-53, b. Keene, N.H., May 8, 1799 ; d. there Feb. 24, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1814. Son of Gov. Samuel Adm. to the bar in 1818, and settled at Keene; after ward spent some time in Ark. ; was clerk of the N.H. senate in 1826-31. Dinwiddie, ROBERT, gov. of Va., 1752-7, b. Scotland ab. 1690; d. Clifton, Eng., 1 Aug. 1770. A member of the council as early as 1742. He detected and exposed, while clerk to a collector of customs in the W. Indies, an enormous fraud practised by his prin cipal, for which he was rewarded with the post of surveyor of the customs of the Colonies, and afterward with thegovt. of Va. Under his ad ministration, the attempt was made to expel the French from the Ohio and Fort DuQuesne, in which Washington first disting. himself, and Braddock fell. He proved himself a zealous and active officer ; discerned the capacity of Washington, whom he app. adj.-gcn. of a mili tary district, and sent as a commissioner to the French com. on the Ohio. In 1754, he sug gested to the British Board of Trade taxation of the Colonies for funds to carry on the war ; and in 1755 was one of the 5 colonial govs. who memorialized the ministry to the same ef fect. He left the Colony in Jan. 1758, " worn out with vexation and age," and charged by his enemies with converting to his own use 20,000 transmitted through his hands as a compensation to the Virginians for the money they had expended beyond their proportion ia the public service. Dix, DOROTHEA LTNDE, philanthropist, b. Worcester, Ms. Her father Joseph was a merchant in Boston, and, after his death in 1821, she supported herself by teaching a select school for young girls in Boston. Hearing of the neglected condition of the convicts at Charles- town State Prison, she visited them,antl became deeply interested in the welfare of the unfortu- r>ix 273 nate and suffering classes, for whose elevation she labored until 1834 ; when, her health becom ing impaired, she gave up her school, and visited Europe, having inherited from a relative suffi cient property to render her independent. She returned to Boston in 1837, and devoted her self to investigating the condition of paupers, lunatics, and prisoners, encouraged by her friend and pastor, Rev. Dr. Channing, of whose children she had been governess. In this work, she has visited every State of the Union east of the Eocky Mountains, endeavoring to per suade legislatures and influential individuals to take measures for the relief of the poor and wretched, and greatly influencing the founda tion of State lunatic asylums. In April, 1854, in consequence of her unwearied exertions, a bill passed both houses of Congress, appropri ating 10,000,000 acres to the several States for the relief of the indigent insane ; but the bill was vetoed by Pres. Pierce, chiefly on the ground that the Genl. Govt. had no constitu tional power to make such appropriations. Miss Dix has pub. anonymously " The Garland of Flora," 1829 ; and books for children. She has also pub. "Prisons and Prison Discipline," 8vo, Boston, 1845; a variety of tracts for prisoners, and has written many memorials to legislative bodies, on the subject of lunatic asylums. During the Rebellion, Miss Dix ren dered service in the hospitals near Washington. Appleton. Dix, JOHN ADAMS, LL.D. (Gen. Coll. 1 845), soldier, lawyer, and senator, b. Boscawen, N. H., 24 July, 1798. Brown U. 1830. Son of Lieut.-Col. Timo. Dix. He studied at the academies at Salisbury and Exeter, N.H., and in a French coll. at Montreal ; entered the army as ensign in 1812 ; was adj. of a vol. batt. in 1813; was aide to Gen. Brown in 1819 ; capt. of art. in 1825, and resigned in 1828. After visiting Europe for his health, he settled as a lawyer in Cooperstown, N.Y. ; was sec. of State in 1833, supt, of schools, member of the council, and a canal commissioner ; became a member of the assembly in 1842, and was a U. S. senator in 1845-9. In that body, he bore a part in the discussions on the annexa tion of Texas, the Mexican war, the Oregon dispute, and the question of slavery in the Ter ritories, upon which he expressed the views of the Freesoil Democrats, whose candidate for gov. he was in 1848. He advocated in two speeches a bill for reciprocal freedom of trade with the British Provinces, a measure which prevailed 6 years later. Postmaster of N.Y. City in 1860; sec. U.S. treasury in Jan. -Mar. 1861 ; maj.-gen. U. S. vols. 16 May, 1861 ; com. at Baltimore, and subsequently at Fort ress Monroe and on the peninsula; 16 Sept. 1862, he received com. of the 7th army corps ; pres. of the Pacific Railroad Co. ; app. by Pres. Johnson minister to the Netherlands, but declined ; app. naval officer of N.Y., and was U. S. minister to France in 1867-9. Author of " Resources of the City of N. Y.," 1827 ,- " A Winter in Madeira," 1851 ; "A Summer in Spain and Florence," 1855 ; and " Speeches," 2 vols., 8vo. Gov. of N.Y., 1873-5. Dixon, ARCHIBALD, lawyer, b. Caswell Co., N. C., 2 Apr. 1802. Ilis grandfather, Col. Henry, received a wound at the battle of Eutaw, which caused his death ; and Warren his father, served gallantly through the war In 1805, he removed to Henderson Co., Ky., where he received a common school education ; studied law; was adm. to the bar in 1824, and soon attained high rank as a criminal lawyer ; member of the legisl. in 1830 and 1841, of the State senate in 1836; lieut.-gov. in 1843-7, and pres. of the senate; member Const. Conv. in 1841, and U. S. sen. 1 852-5 ;d. Apr. 23, 1876. Dixon, CAPT. GEORGE, author of " A Voy age around the World in 1 785-8," 4to, London, 1789 ; d. ab. 1800. He discovered a number of small islands near the N.W. coast of Amer. Dixon, JAMES, U.S. senator, 1857-69, b. Enfield, Ct., 5 Aug. 1814. Wms. Coll. 1834. Son of Judge Wm., in whose office he read law. Adm. to the bar ; member State legisl. in 1837-8, 44; State senator, 1849-54; M.C. 1845-9. Resident of Hartford. Contrib. of poems to the N.E. Magazine and the Ct. Cou- rant; d. Hartford, Ct., March 27, 1873. His wife, the dau. of Rev. Jona. Cogswell, d. June, 1871. See Everest s Poets of Ct.; Lanman. Dixon, JOSEPH, inventor, d. Jersey City, N. J., June 14, 1869, a. 71. Before he was 21, he made a machine to cut files, afterward learned the printer s trade, that of wood-en; graving, then lithography, and became a thor ough chemist, optician, and photographer. He was probably the first person to take a portrait by the camera. He first used the reflector so that the subjects should not appear reversed. He built the first locomotive with wooden wheels, but with the same double crank now used. He originated the process of photo lithography. To guard against abuses of this process, he invented the system of printing in colors on bank-notes, and patented it, but nev er received any benefit ; all the banks having used it without pay. He perfected the system of making collodion for the photographers, and aided Mr. Harrison in the mode of grinding lenses for common tubes. He is the father of the steel-melting business in this country ; is widely known as the originator of the plumba go crucible, as now made ; and his establish ment in Jersey City is the largest of the kind in the world. Dixwell, COL. JOHN, regicide ; d. New Haven, Mar. 18, 1689, a. 81. Upon the west side of the monument placed over his remains in 1849, by a descendant, is the following in scription : " Here rests the remains of JOHN DIXWELL, Esq., of the Priory of Folkestone, in the County of Kent, Eng., of a family long prominent in Kent and Warwickshire, and himself possessing large estates and much in fluence in his country. He espoused the popular cause in the revol. of 1640. Between 1640 and 1660, he was col. in the army, an active member of four parliaments, thrice in the council of State, and one of the high court which tried and condemned King Charles the First. At the restoration of the monarchy, he was compelled to leave his country, and, after a brief residence in Germany, came to New Haven, and here lived in seclusion, but enjoy ing the esteem and friendship of the most worthy citizens till his death." He resided ir DO.A. 274 J3OD New Haven under the name of James Davids. See Stiles s Judges. Doane, AUGUSTUS SIDNEY, M.D., physi cian, b. Boston, Apr. 2, 1808 ; d. of ship-fever, Staten Island, Jan. 27, 1852. H.U. 1825. He studied in Paris 2 years ; returned to Boston, intending to commence the practice of medi cine, but in 1830 removed to N.Y., where he soon became a successful practitioner. In 1 839, he was app. prof, of physiology in the U. of N.Y., which he soon resigned ; was app. chief physician of the marine hospital, in which he was superseded in 1843; practised his profession until 1850, when he was a second time app. health-officer. He edited " Good s Study of Medicine ; " translated " Maygrier on Midwif ery," "Dupuytren s Surgery," "Lugol s Scrof ulous Diseases," "Baylis s Descrip. Anatomy," " Blandin s Topog. Anatomy," " Ricord on Sy philis," &c. Contrib. to " Surgery Illustrat ed," and to sundry medical journals. See .Bioq. Notice in the Internal. Mag. v. 427. iDoane, GEORGE WASH., D.D., LL.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of N. J., b. Trenton, N. J., May 27, 1799 ; d. Burlington, N. J., Apr. 27, 1859. Uu. Coll. 1818. Adm. to holy orders in 1 821 ; he officiated 3 years in Trinity Church, N.Y. ; in 1824, was first prof, of rhetoric and belles-lettres in Wash. Coll., Hartford ; in 1828 became assist, minister, and then rector, of Trin ity Church, Boston, where he continued to of ficiate until Oct. 31, 1832, when he was conse crated bishop; removed to Burlington, and became rector of St. Mary s Church in that city. In pursuance of a system of Christian education for females, in 1837 he established St. Mary s Hall, a boarding-school for girls. In 1846, he founded Burl. Coll., under a char ter from the State legisl. Bishop Doane s theol. controversies were frequent. He visit ed Eng. in 1841 ; and in 1842 a vol. of his ser mons was pub. at London. In 1824, he pub. early poems, entitled " Songs by the Way, chiefly Devotional, with Translations and Imi tations." His Life has been written by his son W. C. Doane, who has also edited his " Poeti cal Works. Sermons, and Miscellaneous Writ ings," 4 vols., 1860. Duyckinck. Dobbin, JAMES COCHRANE, lawyer, sec. U.S.N., 1853-7, b. Fayetteville, N.C., 1814 ; d. there 4 Aug. 1857. U. of N.C. 1832. A suc cessful practitioner at the Fayetteville bar ; M. C. 1845-7 ; member of the legisl. 1848/50, 52, and speaker in 1850, and instrumental in the Bait. Conv. of 1852 in securing for Mr. Pierce the Democ. nomination for the presiden cy. Dobbs, ARTHUR, gov. of N.C., Nov. 1, 1754-1765, b. Ireland, 1684; d. Town Creek, N.C., March 28, 1765. He was a man of let ters ; of liberal views ; had been a member of the Irish parliament, and disting. for his at tempts to discover the north-west passage. He adopted conciliatory measures toward the In dian tribes ; but his adm. was a continued con test with the legisl. on unimportant matters, displaying, on his part, an ardent zeal for royal prerogative, and an indomitable resist ance on the part of the Colonists. Author of " An Account of the Countries adjoining to Hudson * Bay," 4to Lond., 1748; "Tradeand Improvement of Ireland," 8vo, Dublin, 1729, and " Capt. Middleton s Defence," 8vo, 1744. Wheeler s N. C. Dobson, THOMAS, author and bookseller ; d. Phila., March 8, 1823. Author of "Letters on the Character of the Deity and the Moral State of Man," 2 vols., 12mo, 1807. Dod, ALBERT BALDWIN, D.D. (U. of N.C. 1844), scholar and divine, b. Mendham, N.J., March 24, 1805 ; d. Princeton, Nov. 20, 1845. N.J. Coll. 1822. Son of Daniel, mechanician. He passed 4 years teaching in Va., entered the Princeton Sem. in 1827, and was at the same time tutor in N. J. Coll. Licensed to preach in 1828 by the N.Y. presbytery. In 1830, he was elected prof, of mathematics in the coll., and, for a few years previous to his death, he lectured on architecture and political economy, in addition to the instruction of his proper dept. His articles in the Biblical Repertory, particularly that on capital punishment, in April, 1842* on phre nology in April, 1838, attest his ability in han dling practical subjects. The former article was adopted by the committee of the N.Y. legisl. as their report, and repub. as a public docu ment. He declined the chaplaincy and profes sorship of moral philosophy at West Point Acad. Some of Dr. Dod s admirable pro ductions have been collected in a volume en titled " Princeton Essays." Sprague, Dodd, JAMES B., mathematician, b. Va., 1807. Chosen prof, of mathem., nat. philos., and astronomy in the Centen. Coll., Miss., 1841, in Transylv. U. 1846; pres. pro tern. 1849-55. Author of arithmetics, algebras, and elements of geometry and mensuration. Con trib. to Quarterly Rev. of the M. E. Church South; d. Greensburg, Ky., Mar. 27, 1872. Dodd, MARY ANN HANMER, poet, b. Hart ford, Ct., Mar. 5, 1813. Has contrib. many poetical pieces of great merit to " The Hermene- thena," the "Ladies Repository, and "The Rose of Sharon." A vol. of her poems was pub. Hartford, 1843. Allibone. Doddridge, REV. JOSEPH, Pr.-Ep. clergy man, and pioneer of Western, Va., b. Pa., 1769 ; d. Wellsburg, Va., Nov. 1826. Bro. of Philip. Educated at Jeff. Acad., Canons- burg, Pa. Ord. by Bishop White in 1792. Author of " Notes on the Settlement and In dian Wars of the West. Country in 1763-8-3," 12mo, 1824 ; and Logan a dramat. piece, 1823. Doddridge, PHILIP, lawyer and politician, b. Brooke Co., Va., 1772 ; d. Washington, Nov. 19, 1832. In his youth, he worked on a farm on the Ohio River, but was sent to school at 16. After a voyage down the Mpi. on a flat- boat, he studied law, and soon gained a brilliant local reputation. Delegate from Brooke Co. to the Va. legisl. in 1815, and was a member for some years. In the Const. Conv. of 1829- 30, he was the acknowledged leader of the party in favor of the white basis of represen tation. His success in parliamentary conflicts was due solely to close reasoning, thorough knowledge of the subject, great energy of manner, and a wonderful command of lan guage. M.C. 1829-32, and was then engaged in codifying the laws for the Dist. of Columbia. Dodge, GRENVILLE M., maj.-gen. rols., b. DOI3 275 r>o:xr Danvers, Ms., Apr. 12, 1831. Educated at Capt. Partridge s military acad. in Norwich, Vt. He in 1851 removed to 111., where, until 1854, he was employed in railroad surveys. He was afterward similarly engaged in Iowa, prosecuting his surveys west of the Missouri as far as the Rocky Mountains. In 1861, he was sent by the gov. of Iowa to Washington to procure arms and equipments for the State troops, June 17, he was made col. 4th la. vols. He served in Mo. in 1861, and in Feb. 1 862, with Gen. Curtis in Ark. At Pea Ridge, he com. a brigade on the extreme right, and, though severely wounded in the side, kept the field until the final rout of the enemy. For his gallantry here, he was made brig.-gen. from Mar. 31. In June, he took com. of the dist. of the Mpi., and superintended the reconstruc tion of the Mpi. and O. Railroad. Early in 1863, he made a raid into Northern Ala. His gallantry at Sugar Valley, May 9, and Resaca, May 14 and 15, 1864, secured for him the rank of maj.-gen. June 7, 1864. Wounded at At lanta. He subsequently com. the 16th corps in Sherman s Georgia campaign. He succeeded Rosecrans in com. of the dept. of the Mo. in Dec. 1864. M.C. from la. 1867-9. Dodge, GEN. HENRY, b. Vincennes, Ind., Oct. 12, 1782; d. Burlington, la., June 19, 1867. Son of Israel, Revol. officer of Canter bury, Ct. He com. acompany of vols. in 1812 ; was mnj of Mo. militia in 1813 ; was lieut.-col. com. Mo. mounted inf. from Aug. to Oct. 1814 ; col. of Mich, mounted vols. Apr. to July, 1832 ; com. in attack on Indians at Pickatolika, June 15, 1832; successful in making peace with the frontier Indians in 1834, and in 1835 com. an important exped. to the Rocky Mountains. Maj. U.S. Rangers, June 21, 1832; col. 1st U.S. Dragoons, Mar. 4, 1833 ; gov. Wis. Terr, and supt. Indian affairs, July 4, 1836 to 1841, and 1845-8; deleg. to Congress, 1841-5; U.S. senator, 1849-57. As an Indian fighter, he had no superior. A sword and the thanks of the nation were voted him by Congress. Father of Senator Aug. 0. Dodge. Dodge, MART ABIGAIL (Gail Hamilton), authoress, b. Hamilton, Ms., ab. 1838. Her father was a farmer. She taught school in Hartford, Ct., and was afterwards governess in the family of Dr. Gamaliel Bailey of Wash ington, D.C., to whose paper she was a contrib. She has been a frequent contrib. to the Atlantic Monthly, and to Harper s Bazar, and has pub. " Country Living and Country Thinking," 1862 ; " Gala Days," 1863 ; "A New Atmos phere/ 1864 ; " Stumbling-Blocks," " Summer Rest," " Skirmishes and Sketches," " Battle of the Books," 1870; "Red Letter Days," "Wool Gathering," "Woman s Wrongs, a Counter-irritant," 1868. Dods, JOHN BOVEE, b. N.Y., 1795. Has pub. "30 Sermons," 8vo ; "Philos of Mes merism," 1847 ; " Philos. of Electrical Psychol ogy;" "Immortality Triumphant," "Spirit Manifestations Examined and Explained," N.Y., 1854; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Mar. 21, 1872. Doles, GEORGE E. brig.-gen. C.S.A. ; killed near Cold Harbor, Va., June 2,1864, a. 34. Entering the 4th Ga. Inf. as capt., he vas soon its col., and Nov. 1, 1862, was made a brig.-gen., and at his death com. a div. ID Swell s corps. Dombey, JOSEPH, a French naturalist, b. Meaux, 1742 ; d. A^r. 1793, in the Prison of Montserrat. He tfudied medicine at Mont- pelier, and in 1778-85 travelled in S. Araer. He traversed Peru, Chili, &c., discovered mines of gold and quicksilver, and had many romantic adventures. In 1 793, he was sent on a mission to the U.S., but was taken by privateers, and imprisoned in Montserrat. He pub. a herbal, including 60 new species of plants of Chili and Peru ; and his contribs. to the Museum of Natural History at Paris were very consider able. Biog. Univ. Donaldson, EDWARDS, capt. U. S. N., b. Md., Nov. 7, 1816. Midshipm. July 31, 1835; lieut. Oct. 23, 1 847 ; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. Attached to frigate " Columbia," and in the attacks on forts on the coastof Sumatra, 1839 ; com. steamer "Scioto," W. Gulf, squad., at passage of Forts Jackson and St. -Philip, and Vicksburg batteries; com. steamer " Keystone State," N. A. block, squad., 1863-4 ; com. steamer " Seminole," at the bat tle of Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864. Hamersly. Dqnelson, ANDREW JACKSON, politician and diplomatist, b. near Nash., Tenn., Aug. 25, 1800; d. Memphis, Tenn., 26 June, 1871. W. Point., 1820. Aide-de-camp to his uncle, Gen. Jackson, 1820-1, and his priv. sec. from Mar. 1829 to Mar. 1837 ; charged affaires to Texas, 1844-5 ; envoy-extr. and minister-plenipo. to Prussia, 1846 to 48, and to Germany, 1848-9. Editor of Washington Union, 1851-52; candi date of Amer. Party for vice.-pres., 1852 ; cot ton-planter in Bolivar Co., Mpi., in 1822-65 ; lawyer in Memphis, 1865-71. Cullum. Donkin, ROBERT, an English gen., b Mar. 19, 1727; d. Clifton, near Bristol, Mar. 1821. He entered the service in 1746 ; was at the siege of Belleisle in 1761 ; subsequently served in Flanders with Wolfe, served through the Seven- Years war; and was aide-de-camp and sec. to Gen. Rufane, gov. and com-in-chief at Martinique. Capt. Dec. 25, 1770; maj 23 July, 1772; lieut.-col. Oct. 25, 1779; col Nov. 18, 1790; maj.-gen. Oct. 1794; lieut- gen. 1801 ; gen. 1809. Gen. Donkin served through the whole Amer. war, from 1775 to 1783 ; in the early part of it as aide-de-camp to Gen. Gage, and afterwards as maj. of the 44th regt. Author of "Military Collections and Remarks," N.Y., 8vo, 1777, "pub. for the ben efit of the children and widows of the valiant soldiers inhumanly and wantonly butchered when peacefully marching to and from Con cord, April 19, 1775, by the rebels." Introduc tion. Donning, or Deming, WILLIAM, the first manuf. of wrought-iron cannon; d. Mifflin, Pa., Dec. 19, 1830, a. 94. He was an artificer in the Revol. army,and made two wrought-iron cannon at Middlesex, Pa., one of which was taken by the British at the battle of Brandy- wine, and is now in the Tower of London. He commenced another and larger gun at Mount Holly, but getting no one to assist him who could stand the heat, which is said to have been so great as to melt the lead buttons on his clothes, it remains unfinished, either r>o:N* 276 DOR at Holly Forge or the Carlisle barracks. A large reward, offered by the British to the per son who would instruct them in this manufac ture, was no temptation to this patriotic black smith. Essex Reg., Jan. 13, 1831. Donop, COUNT, col. of a Hessian regt. in the British service ; killed at Red Bank, N. J., Oct. 22, 1777, a. 37. He landed at Long Island Aug. 22, 1776; took part in the battle there Aug. 27, and Oct. 22, 1777, attacked Fort Mer cer, at Red Bank, and fell at the first fire. "It is finishing a noble career early," said he to Chev. Mauduit ; " but I die the victim of my ambition and of the avarice of my sovereign." Doolittle, AMOS, the first who engraved in copper in this country, b. Cheshire, Ct. ; d. N. Haven, Ct., Jan. 81, 1 832, a. 78. Self-taught ; at 21, he commenced business as an engraver, having previously served an apprenticeship with a silversmith. While a vol. at Cambridge, he visited the battle-ground at Lexington, and on his return to New Haven made an engraving of the action, his first attempt in that art. This is believed to be the first historical en graving executed in America. He executed 3 other historical prints in relation to the expe dition to Lexington and Concord. N. E. Marj,, ii., 534. Doolittle, BENJAMIN, minister of North- field, Ms., from 1718 to his d., Jan. 9, 1749; b. July 10, 1695. Y. C. 1716. He was a physi cian also. Pub. a valuable " Narrative of "the Mischief by the French and Indians from 1 744 to 1748," and an " Inquiry into Enthusiasm." Dorgan, JOHN AYLMER, poet, b. 1836; d. Fhila., 1 Jan. 1867. A conveyancer by profes sion. A vol. of his poems, collected from the magazines and journals, was pub. in 1866. They possess much beauty and merit. Dorhman, ARNOLD HENRY, a merchant of Lisbon, and a friend of American liberty ; d. Steubenville, O., Mar. 21, 1813, a. 65. So zealous were his efforts in behalf of our captured seamen, that the British Govt. demanded his expatriation. He came to the U. S. in 1783, and received compensation, in money and a Western township, for the losses he had sus tained, and received from Congress, also, an app. as their agent at Lisbon. Nat. IntelL, Apr. 4, 1813. Dornin, THOMAS ALOYSIUS, commo. U.S.N., b. Ireland. Midshipm. May 2, 1815; lieut. 1825; capt. 1856. He com. storeship " Relief," in the South Sea expl. exped. While com." The Portsmouth," in 1851, he frustrated Walker s fillibustering attempts, and rescued some 40 Amer. citizens of Guayamas, held in durance by the authorities of Mazatlan ; after ward served as fleet capt. of" The Wabash," in the Mediterranean; of " The San Jacinto " and " Constellation," coast of Africa. During the Rebellion com. the Baltimore station, and has since had charge of the 5th Light-house Dis trict ;d. Norfolk, Va., April 22, 1874. Dorr, BENJAMIN, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1838), Pr.-Ep. clergyman and author, b. Salisbury, Ms., Mar. 22, 1796; d. German town, Pa., 18 Sept. 1869. Dartm Coll. 1817. After study ing law, he entered the Gen. Theol. Sera, at N.Y. ; wasord. by Bishop Hobart in 1820; was in 1820-9 rector of the churches of Lansing- burg and Waterford, and was in 1829-35 rec tor of Trinity Church, Utica. In 1835-7, he was gen. agent of the domestic committee of the Board of Missions, travelling 15,000 miles. Rector of Christ s Church, Phila., from 4 May, 1837, to his d. In 1839, he was elected bishop of Md., but declined. In 1 853, he visited Egypt and the Holy Land. He pub. " The Church man s Manual," " The History of a Pocket Prayer-Book, written by Itself," " Recognition of Friends in Another World," " Historical Account of Christ s Church, Phila.," 1841 ; " Notes of Travel in Egypt, the Holy Land, Turkey, and Greece," 1856 ; " Memoir of John F. Watson," read before the Pa. Hist. Soc. Dui/ckinck. Dorr, THOMAS WILSON, politician, b. Providence, R.I., Nov. 5, 1805 ; d. there Dec. 27, 1854. H. U. 1823. Son of Sullivan Dorr, a successful manufacturer. He studied law in the office of Chancellor Kent, was adm. to the bar in 1827, and commenced practice in Provi dence. Originally a Nat. Repub. in politics, he became a Democ. in 1837. The R. I. Govt. was then based upon a charter granted by Charles II. in 1663; and the elective franchise was limited to the holders of a certain amount of real estate, and to their eldest sons, ab. one- third of the citizens. Mr. Dorr was a member of the assembly in 1833-7, and exerted himself in vain to procure a liberal constitution. Mr. Dorr was chosen gov. by the suffrage party in 1841. May 3, 1842, Mr. Dorr s govt. attempt ed to organize at Providence, and to seize the reins of power. They were resisted by the le gal State govt., who attacked and dispersed them, at Chepachet, May 25. Mr. Dorr fled to Ct., and afterward to N. H. A reward of $4,000 was offered for his apprehension, by the authorities of R. I. He soon returned/ was arrested, tried, convicted of high treason, and sentenced to imprisonment for life, but was pardoned in 1847 ; and in 1853 the legisl. re stored to him his civil rights, and ordered the record of his sentence to be expunged. He lived to see his State under a liberal constitu tion, and his party in legal possession of the govt. Dorsey, JOHN SYNG, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1802), physician, b. Phila., Dec. 23, 1783; d. Nov. 12, 1818. He received a classical educa tion, and studied medicine with his relative Dr. Phvsick. The yellow-fever soon after appeared in Phila., and became so prevalent, that a hospital was opened, to which he was app. resident phy sician. This opportunity of investigating the disease enabled him to aid in the establishment of a better system of practice. He returned home from a visit to Europe in Dec. 1804, and soon gained a large share of business. He was in 1 807 elected adjunct prof, of surgery, which he held till he succeeded to the chair of materia medica in 1816. He delivered 2 courses of lectures upon this subject, when he was made prof, of anatomy. He opened the session with great eloquence ; but, on the evening of the same day, he was attacked with a fever, which in one week terminated his existence. As a surgeon and as a teacher, he was highly accomplished. Besides contribs. to the Portfolio, and other periodicals, and an edition of Cooper s Surgery 277 DOTJ in the notes, he pub. " Elements of Surgery," in 2 vols., 1813. Gross s Med. Biog. Dorsey, THOMAS BEALB, lawyer and ju rist, b. Md., Oct. 17, 1780 ; d. Dec. 26, 1855. St. John s Coll. 1799. He was adm. to prac tise in Baltimore in 1803 ; in 1807, and subse quently, was a member of the State legisl. ; in 1811 app. U.S. dist.-atty. for Md.; in 1818, he resumed practice, his health being partially re stored by agric. pursuits; in 1822 was app. atty.- gen. of the State, and from 1824 to 1851, he was chief jwdge of the third judicial district. Dostie, DR. ANTHONY P., citizen of N. Orleans, b Saratoga Co., N.Y. ; d. Aug. 5, 1866, from vounds received from the mob in that city, July 30. A barber by trade. His fondness for study soon made him prominent. He practised dentistry for some years in Chi cago with success, but removed to N. Orleans, where his honest and genial nature won him many friends. The fearless expression of loyal sentiments during the war brought upon him the intense hate of the disloyal, while it pro cured for him, on the re-organization of the govt.of La., the app. of auditor, a post he filled with credit and ability. The Const. Conv. of 1864 re-assembled at the call of its pres. in the spring of 1866. The mob, which, July 30, broke up this convention, sought out Dr. Dos tie as one of its first victims, and, though un armed, he was shot, and beaten till he was sup posed to be dead, and thrown into a cart with the dead bodies of the other victims of the mob. See Memoir of Dostie, by Emily H. Reed, 1868. Doty, JAMES DUANE, gov. of Wis., 1841- 4, b. N.Y., 1800; d. Salt Lake City, June 13, 1865. Early in life he removed to Wis. Terr., whence he was sent a delegate to Congress in 1839-41, and was M.C. in 1849-53. He was also for many years U.S. judge for Mich., supt. of Indian Affairs 1861-3, and gov. of Utah from 1863 until his death. See Memoir, by A. G. Ellis, in Colls. [Vis. Hist. Soc., v., 369. Doubleday, ABNER, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ballston Spa, N.Y., June 26, 1819. West Point, 1842. He was a civil engineer from 1836 until 1838 ; served during the Mexi can war in the 1st Art., of which he became 1st Heut. in 1847 ; capt. 3 Mar. 1855. From 1856 to 1858, he served against the Seminole In dians, and was at Fort Moultrie until its evac uation, Dec. 26, 1860; when the garrison withdrew to Fort Sumter. The first gun on the side of the Union was fired by him, April 12, 1861. In June, 1861, he joined Gen. Pat terson in Pa., and was made maj. 17th Inf., 14 May. He was put in com. of a battery, and afterward had charge of the defences on the right bank of the Potomac, near Washington. Feb. 3, 1862, he was made brig.-gen. vols., and placed in com. of the forts on the north bank of the Potomac. In the battle of Antietam, he com. a division in the 1st army corps, Gen. Hooker, and on the fall of Reynolds, Hooker s successor, at the battle of Gettysburg, took com. of the corps. Maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; engaged in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chan- cellorsville ; in the Pa. campaign, June-July, 1863 ; brev. brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. U SA., 13 Mar. 1865, for gallant and merit, services in the Rebellion. Lieut.-col. 17th Inf., 20 Sept 1864 ; col. 35th Inf., Sept. 15, 1867. Cullum. Doubleday, EDWARD, an English nat uralist, b. 1810; d. Lond., 1849. After mak ing a tour of the U.S., he pub. a paper on the " Natural History of N. Amer.," and was app. one of the curators of the British Museum. He has contrib. to science the results of his researches concerning butterflies, in a work " On the Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera." He also wrote on ornithology, entomology, and zoology in the Entomological Magazine, and elsewhere. Appleton. Doughty, THOMAS, landscape-painter, b. Phila., July 19, 1793 ; d. N.Y., July 24, 1856. Apprenticed to a leather manuf., he afterward carried on the business on his own account. His taste for art, however, induced him in his 28th year, contrary to the advice of his friends, to become a painter. He had previously at tempted a few paintings in oil, and had received a quarter s tuition in India-ink drawing. He practised his profession for many years in the U.S., and also in Lond. and Paris, but died poor. He enjoyed high repute as a landscape- painter. Among his best pictures are "Peep at the Catskills," " View on the Hudson," " Lake Scene," " Old Mill," " Near the Del aware Water Gap," and " Scene on the Sus- quehanna." Douglas, DAVID, a British botanist, b. Scone, Scotland, 1798; d. July 12, 1834. While a laborer in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, he attracted the notice of Dr. Hooker, who procured for him an app. as botanical collector to the Hortic. Soc. of Lond. In this capacity, he travelled extensively in Amer.; in 1824 explored the Columbia River and Cal., and in 1827 traversed the continent from Fort Van couver to Hudson s Bay. He made a second visit to the Columbia in 1829, and afterward went to the Sandwich Islands, where he fell into a pit, and was killed. Through his agency, 217 new species of plants were introduced into Eng. He collected 800 specimens of the Cali fornia flora. A gigantic species of pine, which he discovered in Cal., is named after him, Pinus Douglassii. Appleton. Douglass, DAVID BATES, LL.D. (Y.C. 1841), scholar, b. Pompton, N.J., Mar. 21, 1790; d. Geneva, N.Y., Oct. 19, 1849. Y.C. 1813. App. lieut. of engineers U.S.A., he joined Gen. Brown in 1814; took part in the battle of Lundy s Lane ; repaired Fort Erie under the guns of the enemy, and at its assault com. a battery with such skill and gallantry, that he was brev. capt. Prof, of mathematics, and afterward of engineering at West Point, with rankof major, until 1831, and subsequently, as a civil engr., was employed upon the Croton Water Works, Morris Canal, Greenwood Cemetery, the Albany Cemetery, and the Protestant Cemetery at Quebec. App. prof, of architecture in the U. of N.Y. in 1832; pres. of Kenyon Coll., 0., in 1840-4; and in 1848-9 prof, mathematics and nat. philos. at Geneva Coll. In 1845, he delivered a course of lectures at N. Haven on the Niagara cam paign. Douglass, FREDERICK, orator and jour nalist, b. Tuckahoe, near Easton, Md., ab. 1817. IDOTJ 278 r>o w His mother was a negro slave, and his father a white man. Until the age of 10, he was a slave on the plantation of Col. Edward Lloyd ; afterward lived in Baltimore, where he secretly taught himself to read and write, and, at the age of 21 , fled from slavery. He went to N. Y., and thence to New Bedford, where he m., and supported himself by day-labor on the wharves and in workshops. In the summer of 1841, he spoke at an antislavery convention at Nan- tucket, and soon after became agent of the Ms. Antislavery Society. He travelled and lec tured in N.E. 4 years; pub. in 1845 an auto biography, and soon after went to Europe, and lectured on slavery in nearly all the large towns of Great Britain. In 1846, his friends in Eng. contrib. 150 to buy him from his claimant in Md., and have him manumitted in due form. On his return to the U.S. in 1847,- he began at Rochester, N.Y., the publication of Frederick Douglass s Paper, a weekly journal. Though formerly a Garrisonian disunionist, he re nounced disunionism at a later period, and took the ground that slavery was illegal and uncon stitutional. In 1855, he rewrote his biography under the title of " My Bondage and My Free dom." Became editor of the National Era at Washington, Sept. 1870. Douglas, STEPHEN ARNOLD, senator, b. Brandon, Rutland Co., Vt., 23 Apr. 1813; d. Chicago, 3 June, 1861. He worked at cabinet- making ; studied in an acad. at Canandaigua, N.Y., in 1830-3 ; then studied law ; settled in Jacksonville, 111., in Mar. 1834, where he was an auctioneer s clerk, and taught school until his admission to the bar. Soon attaining a lucrative practice, he became an active politician and Democ. orator, his small stature procuring him the title of " The Little Giant." Atty.- gen. of the State, and member of the legisl. in 1835; app. register of the land office at Springfield in 1837 ; chosen sec. of the State of 111. in Dec. 1840; judge of the 111. Sup. Court in 1841-3; M.C. 1843-7, and prominent in the Oregon controversy ; an advocate of the annexation of Texas, and a vigorous promoter of the Mexican war; U.S. senator, 1847-61. As chairman of the house committee on ter ritories, he reported the joint resolution declar ing Texas to be one of the U.S. In the senate, he supported Clay s compromise measures of 1850, maintaining that Congress should not interfere in relation to the extension of slavery in the Territories, but that the people of each should be permitted to decide whether it should be a free or slave State. Of this " Popular Sovereignty " doctrine, Douglas was the reputed author. As chairman of the territorial com mittee, he reported in Jan. 1854 the celebrated bill to organize the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska, which was passed, and by which the Missouri Compromise was repealed, po litical parties revolutionized, and intense ex citement produced in the free States. In the Nat. Democ. Conv. of 1856, Buchanan and Douglas were the rival candidates ; the former receiving on the 16th ballot 168 votes to 121 for Douglas. In 1857, he denounced and ably opposed the admission of Kas. under the Lecompton (fraudulent) Constitution, and was thus involved in a controversy with Pres. Bu chanan. In 1858, after an exciting and memo rable contest between Douglas and Abraham Lincoln for the U.S. senatorship, during which joint discussions were held in various places, Mr. Douglas was again elected. Remarkably successful in promoting the local interests of Illinois : the construction of the 111. Central Railroad was due principally to him. He favored the acquisition of Cuba whenever that island could be obtained consistently with the laws of nations and the honor of the U.S. .In 1860, he was the candidate of the Democ. party of the North for the presidency, and received a very large popular vote, though he had but 12 electoral votes. After the Rebellion began, he supported the govt. in efforts to suppress it. He m. 1st Martha D., dau. of Col. Robert Martin of N.C. ; 2d, Adele, dau. of J. M. Cutts, second comptroller of the treasury. Douglass, WILLIAM, M.D., physician and author, b. East Lothian, Scotland, ab. 1691 ; d. Boston, Oct. 21, 1752. After receiv ing his professional education at Paris and Ley den, he settled at Boston, 1718. He was a violent antagonist of Dr. Boylston, in his ef forts to introduce inoculation. His learning was considerable ; but his prejudices were strong, and he lacked judgment and taste. He wrote many political essays in the newspapers, which were generally filled with sarcastic re marks upon the magistrates, the clergy, the physicians, and the people of N.E. His " Sum mary or Historical Account of the British Settlements," pub. in 1748 and 1753, is inaccu rate, and records his private squabbles as well as public affairs. He pub. an almanac in 1743, 44, called " Mercurius Novanc/licanus," by Wil liam Nadir, S.X.Q., still valued for its list of chronological events; also some medical disser tations. A town in Worcester Co., Ms., of which he was aj>roprietorand benefactor, bears his name. Thacher. Douglass, COL. WILLIAM, a Revol. pa triot, b. 1741 ; d. March 27, 1777. He was an officer in the French war, until the taking of Quebec; subsequently disting. himself in the Revol. struggle as com. of a flotilla on Lake Champlain ; in the siege and capture of St. John s in 1775, and in taking a large number of prisoners, arms, ammunition, and stores from the enemy. He was commissioned, June 20, 1775, col. of a regt. from N. Haven Co., which took a prominent part in the battle of Long Island, and disting. himself at the battles of New York, Harlem, White Plains, and skir mishes with the enemy about N.Y. in 1776, in one of which he received his death-stroke. Dow, LORENZO, an eccentric Methodist preacher, b. Coventry Ct., Oct. 16, 1777 ; d. Georgetown, D.C., Feb. 2, 1834. Adopting the doctrines of the Methodists in the spring of 1796, against the wishes of his family became an itinerant preacher. His youth and eccen tricity long prevented his recognition by the Methodist conference; but he finally received a regular license to preach, and, in spite of con tumely and rebuffs and hardships of all kinds, persevered for nearly 40 years, with enthusi asm, and often with astonishing effect. He trav elled over Eng. and Ireland, and almost every part of the U.S., and is said to have preached r>ow 279 to more persons than any other man of his time. His wife Peggy, to whom he was m. in 1804, accomp. him in all his peregrinations. Dow s eccentricity of manner and dress long excited a prejudice against him ; and in many parts of the country he was familiarly known as " Crazy Dow." His journal and miscella neous writings was pub. in N.Y., 1836, 8vo, ed. by Dr. Dowling; "Experience and Trav els in Europe and America, and Polemical Writings/ Cincin.,1851 ; " A Short Account of a Long Tiavel," 8vo, 1823, Phila. Dow, NEAL, reformer, b. Portland, Me., 1803. Of Quaker parentage. He was bred to commercial and manufacturing pursuits. Has twice been may or of Portland, and served in the state legisl., where he introduced the fa mous prohibitory Maine Liquor Law." App. col. 13th Me. vols. Dec. 31, 1861, he joined Gen. Butler s exped. against N. Orleans was app. brig.-gen. Apr. 28, 1862, and com. a brigade in the dept. of the Gulf. Made prisoner near Port Hudson, July, 1863. Dowler, BENNET, M.D. (U.of Md. 1827), physician and physiologist, b. Ohio Co., Va., April 16, 1797. He practised his profession many years in New Orleans; and in March, 1854, began there the Medical and Surgical Journal. He is noted for his experiments upon the human body soon after death, the results of which were given to the world in a series of essays in 1843-4. These researches of Dr. Dowler have won for him a wide reputation. A])/ileton. Dowling, JOHN, D.D., a successful writer and preacher, b. Sussex, Eng., May 12, 1807. Settled in the U.S. in 1832. Author of " Vin dication of the Baptists," "Exposition of the Prophecies," " Defence of the Protestant Scrip tures," 1843; "History of Romanism," 8vo, 1845; "Power of Illustration," &c. Edited Conference Hymn-Book, Baptist Noel s work on Baptism, works of Lorenzo Dow, Conyer s Middleton on the Conformity of Popery and Paganism, Memoir of the Mis sionary Jacob Thomas, and a translation from the French of Dr. Cote s work on Roman ism. Allibone. Dowries, JOHN, commo. U.S.N., b. Can ton, Ms., 1784 ; d. Charlestown, Aug. 11, 1854. He entered the navy June 1, 1802 ; served in the frigate "New York," in the Tripolitan war, and was specially disting. in the attack on Tripoli; lieut. March 6, 1807. He cruised with Porter in the Pacific, and in com. of the " Essex, junior," a captured whaler of 16 guns, did immense injury to the enemy. Master- coin. June 24, 1813. While com. " The Eper- vier," in Decatur s Mediterranean squad., he captured, June 17, 1815, the Algerine frigate " Nashouda." Capt. March 5, 1817; com. " The Macedonian, "in the Pacific in 1819-21 ; "The Java" in the Medit. in 1828-9, and from 1832 to 1834, the squad, in the Pacific Ocean. Feb. 5, 1832, he punished the natives of Quallah Battoo for outrages upon Ameri can seamen. Com. of Charlestown navy-yard in 1837-42 and 1850-2. He com. in the Pa cific during the civil wars of the republics in 1847-8, rendering signal service in protecting our commerce. His sou JOHN A. DOWNES, commander U.S.N., d. N. Orleans, Sept. 20, 1865. Entered the navy in 1837, and duiing the Rebellion com. the gunboat " Huron," and the monitor " Nahant." Downie, GEORGE, a British commo., b. Ross, Ireland ; killed in the naval action on Lake Champlain, Sept.. 11, 1814. The son of a clergyman. He early entered the navy, was in the battle of Camperdown ; served afterward in the W. Indies ; after seeing much service, he was made a com., and placed in com. of the fleet on the Lakes of Canada in 1812. Ha com. the squadron in the battle of Lake Champlain, where he was killed while gallant ly fighting the fleet of Macdonough. His ves sels were poorly manned, and inferior in weight of metal. Morgan. Downing, ANDREW JACKSON, horticul turist, b. Newburgh, N.Y.,Oct. 31, 1815. His death was occasioned by his philanthropic ef forts to save the passengers of the burning steamer " Henry Clay," on the Hudson, July 28, 1852. Fond of the natural sciences, in his boyhood, he devoted himself assiduously to their study. His natural taste was of the highest order ; and his scientific knowledge en abled him to convert all he learned to practical uses, to enhancing the comforts, and adding to the embellishments, of rural life. The rural embellishments surrounding the Smith sonian Institute were planned by him, and many private residences, as well as public insti tutions, present evidences of his skill and culti vated taste. Besides his treatises on " Fruit and Fruit-Trees," 1845, "Landscape Gar dening," 1841, 8vo, " Architecture of Country Houses," 1850, and " Cottage Residences," 1842, he was a frequent contrih. to the peri odical press ; and the Horticulturist, conducted by himself, was unequalled in its treatment of the topics coming within its range. In 1849, he wrote " Additional Notes and Hints to Per sons about Building in this Country." Editor of Mrs. London s " Gardening for Ladies." A Memoir of him, by Geo. Wm. Curtis, and a " Letter to his Friends," by Miss Bremer, were prefixed to a collection of his contribs. to the Horticulturist, pub. in 1854, entitled " Rural Essays." Downing, SIR GEORGE, son of Emanuel Downing, a lawyer, who emig. in 1638 to Salem, Ms., b. Dublin, 1624 ; d. E. Hatley, Cambridge shire, 1684. H.U. 1642, the first class. His father represented Salem in the Gen. Court in 1638-43. His mother was Lucy, sister of Gov. John Winthrop. Returning to Eng. in 1645, he was a preacher among the Independents ; chaplain to Col. Okcy s regt. in Cromwell s army, and, in 1653, commissary-gen, and scoutmaster-gen, to the army in Scotland ; M.P. fora Scottish borough in 1654 and 1656, and agent in Holland in 1658-60. Turning royalist, he was knighted by Charles II., May 21, 1660 ; became, at the restoration, M.P. for Morpeth in 1661, and was again made envoy - extr. to Holland. Here he caused the arrest of Cols. Okey and Barksted, and Miles Corbet, 3 of the judges of Charles I., who were sent to Eng., and executed : for this act, he was reprobated by all honorable men. Through his principal agency, the New Netherlands were JDOY 280 3DR.A. wrested from the Dutch, and annexed to the English possessions as New York. He was afterward sec. of the treas. and a commissioner of the customs. He was created a baronet, July 1, 1663. Sent in 1671 on a mission to Holland, he returned before completing his errand to the satisfaction of the king, and was imprisoned in the Tower, but was again re ceived into favor. Gov. Bradstreet was his bro.-in-law. Downing St., London, perpetuates his name. He was a man of ability, and natu ral fitness for politics. Author of Political Tracts, 1664-72. His grandson, Sir George, founded Downing Coll., Cambridge, Eng., in 1717; d. 1747. Doyle, SIR JOHN, a British gen., b. Dub lin, 1756; d. Aug. 8, 1834. Trin. Coll., Dublin. Lieut, of light inf. at Boston in 1775; adj. in the battle of Brooklyn, L.I., and Germantown ; capt. of the " Volunteers of Ireland ; " then maj. of brigade at the cap ture of Charleston, the battles of Camden and Hobkirk s Hill. At the head of a corps of light cavalry, Maj. Doyle operated against Gen. Marion in the spring of 1781, and destroyed his camp at Snow Island, but was pursued by Marion, and escaped with the loss of his baggage. During the wars of the French revol., he served in Holland, 1794, in Ireland as sec. of war, and in Egypt under Gen. Abercrombie, where he was highly dis- ting. He was made a bart. in 1805 ; full gen. in 1819. Rose. Drake, BENJAMIN, author and journalist, b. Mason Co., Ky., Nov. 28, 1794; d. Cincin nati, April 1, 1841. Many years editor of the Cincinnati Chronicle, of extensive circulation. Author of "Tales from the Queen City," 1838; "Life of Tecumseh," 1841; "Cincin nati in 1826," by B. Drake and E. D. Mans field, 1827; "Life and Adventures of Black Hawk," 1838 ; " Life of Gen. Harrison," 1840, and " The Western Agriculturist." Drake, CHARLES D., jurist and politician, b. Cincinnati, April 11, 1811. He received an academical education. Was a midshipman in the navy from 1827 to 1830, but resigned, and was adm. to the bar of Hamilton Co., O., in May, 1833. He was a frequent contrib. of prose and verse to the Cincinnati journals. Re moved to St. Louis in 1834, and rapidly be came prominent. In 1860, he entered the Mo. legisl., and has taken a prominent part in the political movements of the day, having been a strong advocate of emancipation in Mo. Member of the State Convention of 1863; member and vice-pres., and a leading spirit, of that which formed the present constitution of Mo. in 1865 ; U.S. senator from 1867 to 1871 ; app. chief-justice U. S. Court of Claims, Jan. 1871. He has pub. "Law of Attachments," 1854; Life of his father, Dr. Daniel Drake, 1871. Drake, DANIEL, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1816), physician and author,bro. of Benj.,b. Plainfield, N.J., Oct. 20, 1785 ; d. Cincinnati, Nov. 5, 1852. Isaac, his father, emig. to Mason Co., Ky., in 1788. Daniel began practice in Cincinnati in 1804. In 1817, he was prof, in the Transylv. Med School. In Dec. 1818, he procured from the )hio leirisl. a charter for the med. coll. of O. at Cincinnati, and also established there in 1821 the Commercial Hospital, and in 1827 the Eye Infirmary. In 1823, he again accept ed a chair in the Transylv. school, and till his death was, with brief intermissions, connected with medical schools; holding professorships in that, in the Jeff. Med. Coll., Phila., the Cincin nati Med. Coll., the U. of Louisville, and at his death was prof, in the med. coll. of O. He pub. " Diseases of the Mississippi Valley," 2 vols., 1850-4 ; " An Historical and Scientific Account of Cincinnati and the Miami Coun try," 1815 ; "Notices of Cincinnati," 1810 and 1832 ; " Practical Essays on Med. Education," 1832; " Practical Treatise on Epidemic Chol era," 1832 ; " The Northern Lakes," 8vo, 1842 ; besides numerous pamphlets. In 1827-39, he edited the Western Journal of Med. Sciences, and, after its transfer to Louisville as The Western Journal of Med. and Surgery, was one of its editors from 1839 to 1848. A Memoir of him, by E. D. Mansfield, was published in Cincinnati, 1855. See Memoir in. Gross s Amer. Med. Biog. and Life, by Charles D. Drake, 1871. Drake, SIR FRANCIS, a celebrated naviga tor, b. in the village of Crowndale, near Tavis- tock, Eng., ab. 1537; d. in the harbor of Porto Bello, 28 Jan. 1596. Bred a sailor, he accomp. his relative, Capt. John Hawkins, to S. Amer., and was treacherously attacked by the Span iards at St. Juan de Ulloa. In 1572, he took Nombre de Dios, and returned home with a large amount of treasure. In 1573-5, he did excellent service in suppressing the rebellion in Ireland. Dec. 13, 1577, he com. an exped. to the South Sea : a tempest, encountered immedi ately after passing the Straits of Magellan, left him, with a single vessel, in a forlorn condition in an unknown sea. He prosecuted his voyage, however ; took several valuable prizes, and, to elude pursuit, sought a N. E. passage into the Atlantic; discovered California, and was the first to find gold there, which was reported on his return to Eng. Striking across the Pa cific, he arrived at Plymouth 26 Sept. 1580, be ing the first Englishman who had sailed round the world. Apr. 4, 1581, Queen Elizabeth dined on board his ship, and knighted him. Mayor of Plymouth in 1581 ; M.P. 1584-5 and 1593. In 1591, he completed the great engin eering feat of supplying Plymouth with pure water, which was brought some 20 miles. In 1585, he made another exped. to the W.Indies. Drake s next exploit was in 1587, entering the port of Cadiz in spite of its forts, and burning and destroying the Spanish fleet which Philip II. was preparing for the subjugation of the English heretics. A powerful arreada was sent in 1588 ; but the valor of Drake and his co-ud- jutors broke its power; and the elements com pleted its destruction. In 1589, Drake and Norris led an exped. for the restoration of Don Antonio to the crown of Portugal, which failed for want of co-operation on the part of his adherents. In 1595, Drake sailed with Sir John Hawkins on another exped. to S. Amer., which resulted disastrously, both leaders being carried off by diseases incident to the climate. He left no children, and disposed of his property by will, a fact mentioned for the benefit of 281 those claiming to be descended from one who had no descendants. Drake, JOSEPH RODMAN, poet, b. N. Y., Aug. 7, 1795 ; d. Sept. 21, 1820. He lost his father in early life, and with 3 sisters struggled with poverty. He studied medicine ; and his marriage in 1816, soon after taking his degree, with Sarah, dau. of Henry Eckford, placed him in affluence. He travelled in Europe, and, after his return in 1819, contrib. verses under the signature of " Croaker," to the N. Y. Even ing Post. His largest and most imaginative poem is the " Culprit Fay." Though Drake had written from his boyhood, yet the poems which gave him his reputation were all pro duced in a single season. His health failing, he passed the winter of 1819 in New Or leans. His death called forth a beautiful poet- cal tribute from his friend Halleck. A selec tion of his poems, including " The American Flag," was pub. in 1836, by his only child, a dau., who m. Com. DeKay. Drake, SAMUEL, the pioneer of the drama at the West, b. Eng. 1767; d. near Louisville, Ky., Oct. 17, 1854. He was the father of those well-known performers, Alexander, Sam uel, and Julia Drake, and was himself an actor of no ordinary distinction. Made his Amer. d&but in 1809, at the Federal-st.Theatre, Boston. JULIA was the mother of Wm. W. Fosdick, the poet, by her first husband, and of Julia Dean, the actress, by her second. Another conspicuous actress of this family is Julia Drake Chapman, dau. of Alexander Drake. The family came to the U.S. about 1800. Its youngest member, James G., is known to the public chiefly as a song-writer. His " Tom Breeze," " Parlez Bas," and other songs, have been widely admired. He resided in Louis ville, Ky., where he d. May 13, 1850. Poets and Poetry of the West. Drake, SAMUEL GARDNER, historical writ er, b. Pittsfield, N.H., Oct. 11, 1798. He re ceived a common school education, and between the ages of 20 and 27 was a district school teacher. Removing to Boston, he established there in 1828 the Antiquarian Bookstore, the first of its class in the U.S. One of the found ers of theN.E. Hist, and Genealogical Soc., of which he was pres. in 1858. He began the publication of its quarterly " Register " in 1847, and continued it many years as editor and publisher, contributing many biog. and hist, articles to its pages. He resided in Lon don in 1 858-60. He has pub. " Church s Phi lip s War, with Additions," 12mo, 1825; " Sketches of the Hist, of Northwood, N.H., for Colls. H. Soc.," 1832; "Indian Biogra phy/ 12mo, 1832 ; " Book of the Indians," 8vo (llth ed. 1851), 1833; "Old Indian Chroni cle," 18mo, 1836 ; " Indian Captivities," 12mo, 1839; "Genealogical and Biographical Acct. of the Fam. of Drake," 12mo, 1845 ; " Review of Savage s ed. Winthrop s Journal," 8vo, 1854; -Hist, and Antiqs., Boston," roy. 8vo, 1 856 ; " Result of Researches among the Brit. Archives," 4to, 1860; "Memoir of Sir Walt. Raleigh," 4to, 1862; " Introd. and Notes to Mather s Indian War of 1675-6," 1862; " Introd. and Notes to Mather s Relation," Ito, 1884 ; " Introd. and Notes to Hubbard s Indian Wars," 2 vols., 4to, 1865; Introd. and Notes to Mather s Wonders In vis. World, and Calef s More Wonders," 3 vols., 4to, 1866; "The Old Indian Chronicle," 4to 1867 ; " Annals of Witchcraft in the U.8.,"4tO, 1869 ; " History of the Five Years French and Ind. War," 4to, 1870, &c. He contrib. the article " Massachusetts," to the Encyclop. Bri- tannica. Died Boston, June 14, 1875. Draper, JOHN WILLIAM, M.D., LL.D., chemist and physiologist, b. Liverpool. Eng., May 5, 1811. He was educated at the U. of London. He emigrated to Amer. in 1833, continuing his chemical and medical studies at the U. of Pa., where he took the degree of M.D. in 1836. Prof, of chemistry, nat.philos., and physiology, in Hamp Sid. Coll., Va., in 1836-9. Dr. Draper next filled the chair of chemistry and nat. history in the academic dept. of the U. of N.Y., where he also delivered lectures upon physiology. In 1841, he was app. prof, of chemistry in the University Med. Coll., which he had aided in establishing ; and, in 1850, physiology was added to the chair of chemistry. He has also acted as the medical faculty s sec., and, since 1850, as their presiding officer. He took charge, in 1854, of the chair of analytical and practical chemistry of the U. of N.Y. City. He has devoted much attention to the study of the action of light, and was the inventor of the application of the daguerrotype process to the taking of portraits. He has written much, and with high reputation. Be tween 1838 and 1 857, he furnished to the Edinb. Philos. Journal ab. 40 treatises, besides contrib. to other scientific journals. Author of a " Treatise on the Organization of Plants," 4to, 1844; a popular "Text-book on Chemistry," 1846; and another on "Natural Philosophy," 1847 ; a " History of the Intellectual Develop ment of Europe ; " " Thoughts on the Future Civil Policy of Amer. ; " " Hist, of the Amer. Civil War," 3 vols., 1867-8, and " Memoirs on the Chemical Action of Light." His most elaborate work is a treatise on " Human Phy siology, Statical and Dynamical," 1856. Draper, LYMAN C., historical writer, b. near Buffalo, Sept. 4, 1815. He has since 1833 been engaged in making colls, of Western history and biog., and has edited 4 vols. Wis. Hist. Soc. Colls. Pres. of that body. Author of " Madison, the Capital of Wis., its Growth," &c., 1857. Draper, SIMEON, politician of N.Y., b. 1804; d. Whitestone, L.I., Nov. 6, 1866. He was a prominent merchant of N.Y., but did not succeed, and became an auctioneer. Active in politics, he was long the friend of W. H. Seward ; was several times a member of the Whig State Central Committee; in 1864, chair man of the Union State Central Committee ; was many years an administrator of the public charities; provost-marshal in 1862, and col lector of the port of N.Y. in 1864. He was an able and influential man, of generous impulses and strict integrity. Drayton, JOHN, gov. of S.C. 1 800-2, and 1808-10. Dist. judge of the U.S. till his d., at Charleston, Nov. 27, 1822, a. 60. Son of Wm. Henry. He pub. "A View of S.C.," 1802; "Memoirs of the Revol." in that State," 2 282 DR-U vols., 8vo, 1821, and "Letters written during a Tour through the Northern and Eastern States," 8vo, 1794. Drayton, PERCIVAL, capt. U.S.N.,b.S.C., Aug. 25, 1812; d. Washington, D.C., Aug. 4, 1865. Son of lion. Wm. Drayton, M.C. Midshipman, Dec. 1827 ; lieut. Feb. 28, 1838; was attached to the observatory, Washington, in 1852; command. Sept. 14, 1855; joined the Paraguay exped. in 1858, and from 1860 until the outbreak of civil war, was on ordnance duty at Phila. Though strongly bound by family ties to the seceding States, he remained loyal to the national flag, and, in the exped. to Port Royal, com. the steamer " Pocahontas ; " his brother, Gen. T. F. Drayton, com. at the same time the confed. troops at Hilton Head Island. He was afterward transferred to " The Pawnee," and July 16, 1862, was promoted to capt., and ordered to the new Ericsson iron- battery " Passaic." He was in the bombard ment of Fort McAllister; in the attack on Sumter by Dupont ; fleet capt. of the W. Gulf squad., under Farragut, and was in " The Hart ford " at the fight with and capture of the rebel fleet in Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864. He was particularly disting. as flag-officer. App. chief of the bureau of navigation, Apr. 28, 1865 Drayton, WILLIAM, LL.D., judge, b. S.C., 1733; d. June, 1790. Educated at the Middle Temple, Lond., where he studied law 4 years; returned to Amer. in 1754, and in 1768 was app. chief-justice of the Province of E. Fla. During the Revol. war, he was suspended from office, then reinstated, and with his family passed some time in Eng. After the peace, he was successively judge of the Admiralty Court of S.C., assoc. justice of the State, Mar. to Oct. 1789, and a judge under the U.S. Govt., app. Oct. 1789. Drayton, WILLIAM, soldier and states man, b. St. Augustine, Fla., Dec. 30, 1776 ; d. Phila., May 24, 1846. Educated in Eng.; adrn. to the bar in 1797 ; some time assist, clerk in a Court of Sessions in S.C., and, though a Federalist, was app. lieut.-col. 10th U.S. Inf., Mar. 12, 1812 ; col. 18th, July 6, 1812 ; insp.-gen. Aug. 1, 1814; M.C. 1825-33. In 1830, he was a leader of the Union party in opposition to that of nullification. Removing to Phila., he succeeded Biddle as pres. of the U.S. Bank in 1839, and aided Gens. Scott and Macorab in preparing a system of inf. tactics. Recorder of Charleston in 1819. Drayton, WILLIAM HENRY, statesman and political writer, b. on Ashley River, S.C., Sept. 1742 ; d. Phila., Sept. 3, 1779. A nephew of Gov. Bull. Educated at Westminster and Oxford, between 1753 and 1764, when he re turned to Carolina. In 1769, an article under the signature of " Freeman " involved him in a political controversy with Gadsden and John Mackenzie. In 1771, after revisiting Eng., he was app. privy councillor for the Province of S.C. ; but, as the Revol. crisis approached, he espoused the popular cause, and protested against the proceedings of his colleagues. In 1774, he wrote a pamphlet under the signature of "Freeman," addressed to the American Congress, in which he stated the grievances of America, and drew up a bill of rights. It sub- stantially marked out the line of conduct adopted by Congress, then in session. He was app. a judge in 1774. Suspended from his of fices under the crown, he was made a member of the popular committee of safety. On the formation of a popular constitution, he was re instated in the corresponding offices of the State, and, in 1776, was advanced to the rank of chief-justice. He pub. his charge to the grand jury in Apr. 1776, which breathes all the spirit and energy of the mind which knows the value of freedom, and is determined to sup port it. Member of the Provincial Congress in 1775, of which he became pres. Pres. of S.C. in 1777 ; member of the Cont. Congress in 1778-9. He left a manuscript history of the Revol. to the end of the year 1778, which was pub. by his son, Gov. John Drayton, in 1821, 2 vols., 8vo. Rogers. Drew, DANIEL, a N. Y. millionnaire, b. Car- mel, Putnam Co., N.Y., 1788. At first a farmer-boy, then an employe on a North Riv er steamboat. He became "an owner of stock, a builder of magnificent steamboats, a bold stock operator in Wall Street, and finally a million naire. In 1 866, he gave $250,000 toward found ing the Drew Theol. Seminary of Madison, N.J., a sum increased by successive donations to nearly a million dollars. Drinker, ANNA, poet, known by the nom deplume, " Edith May," b. Pa. Her contribu tions to the Home Journal were highly com mended by N. P. Willis. She has pub. "Po etical Works," 8vo, 1854; " Tales and Poems for Children," 1855, 12mo. See Griswold s Female Poets of Amer. Drown, SOLOMON, M.D., a physician and botanist, b. Providence, R. I., 1753; d. 1834. B.U. 1774. He studied medicine, was a sur geon in the Revol. army, and visited Europe, to perfect his professional education, in 1784. He subsequently practised medicine at Provi dence, in Ohio, and in Western Pa., but in 1801 settled in Foster, R.I., where he passed the remainder of his life. In 181 1, he was app. prof, of materia medica and botany in Brown U. Member of the Am. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, and of several learned bodies. He pub. " The Farmer s Guide," 1825 ; also some occasional addresses. Dreuillettes, GABRIEL, Jesuit missionary, b. France, 1593 ; d. Quebec, 8 Apr. 1681. He was sent to Canada in 1643 ; became a mission ary to the wandering Algonquins, and after losing his sight, which was miraculously re stored, continued his labors among them near 40 years. He evangelized the Montagnasis, Algonquins, Crees, Papanachois, and Abnakis on the St. Lawrence and Kennebec, and for several years after 1666, labored among the Ottawas and Chippewas at Sault. Stc. Marie. Shea s Hist, of Missions, frc. Drummond, SIR GORDON, a British gen. b. Quebec, 1771 ; d. London, Oct. 10, 1854. Son of Colin, paymaster to the troops in L. Canada in 1771. Ensign in 1789; became gen. 1825. He served in Holland in 1794-5, in Egypt in 1801 ; as a staff-officer at Jamaica for some years, and on the staff in Canada in 1808-11;* lieut.-gen. 1811. Sept. 1813, ho 283 DUO went to Canada as second in com. to Sir George Prevost. He planned the capture of Fort Niagara, Dec. 19, 1813 ; took the villages of Black Rock and Buffalo, Dec. 31, 1813 ; captured and destroyed the barracks, works, and stores at Oswego, in May, 1814, and com. at the obstinately-contested battle of Lundy s Lane, July 25, 1814, and was severely wound ed. Aug. 15, he attacked Fort Erie, and was repulsed with heavy loss. He succeeded Pre vost in the com. in 1814, and in the adminis tration of the govt., but returned to Eng. in June, 1816. In 1817, he received the grand cross of the Bath. Duane, JAMES, statesman, b. N.Y. City, Feb. 6, 1733; d. Duanesburg, N.Y., Feb. 1, 1797. From Anthony, his father, he acquired a large estate in Duanesburg, N.Y., which he began to settle in 1765. Oct. 21, 1759, he m. a dau. of Col. Robert Livingston. Adopting the profession of the law, he became a member of the Revol. committees of N.Y. ; of the Old Cong., 1774-83; of N.Y. Prov. Cong., Apr. 1775, and June, 1776-Apr. 1777; on com. to draft State const. ; of Com. of Safety, 1776-7 ; returned to N.Y. City on its evac. in 1783 ; was its first mayor in 1784-9 ; member of State sen. ,-1782-5, 1788-90, and of council ; of conv. to adopt Fed. Const., 1788; U.S. Dist. judge, 1789-94. He opposed in Cong, the non-impor tation agreement, and took prom, part in con troversy with Vt. relative to N.H. grants. Duane, COL. WILLIAM, editor and politi cian, b. near Lake Champlain, N.Y., 1760; d. Phila., Nov. 24, 1835. At the age of 11, he was taken by his mother, then a widow and a Roman Catholic, to Ireland, and liberally edu cated. He became a printer. Went to India in 1784, rapidly amassed property, and became editor of the World. Having opposed the lo cal govt., he was seized, and sent to Eng., and his wealth confiscated. He sought redress in vain, and soon became editor of the General Advertiser, siding in politics with Home Tooke and other liberals. In 1795, he came to Phila., and edited the Aurora, which, by able management, became the most influential organ of the Democ. party. Jefferson attrib uted his election to the presidency to its vigorous support, and app. him lieut.-col. of rifles, July 8, 1808; adj.-gen., rank of col., March, 1813 to June, 1815. On the removal of the seat of govt., the influence of the Aurora declined. He withdrew from it in 1822, and travelled through the S. Amer. republics ; pub. an account of his travels on his return, enti tled "A Visit to Columbia, 1822-3," Phila., 1826. Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Pa., from 1826 till his death. He pub. "Military Dictionary," 1810; " Hand-Book for Riflemen," 1813; "Mississippi Question," 8vo, Phila., 1803; " An Epitome of the Arts and Sciences," 1811 ; "Hand-Book for Infan try," 1813; "Amer. Military Library," 2 vols., 1819. Duane, WILLIAM, b. Phila., Feb. 7, 1808. Son of Wm. J. Editor of " Christopher Marshall s Diary," 1839, and new enlarged ed., 1849. Author of "View of the Relation of Landlord and Tenant in Penn.," 8vo, 1844 ; " Law of Roads, Highways, Bridges, and Ferries in Pa.," 12mo, 1848, "Coffee, Tej* and Chocolate," transl.from the French, 12mo, 1846; "Canada and the Continental Con gross," 8vo ; 1850. Allibone. Duane, WILLIAM JOHN, lawyer. Son of Col. Wm., b. Clonmel, Ireland, 1780; d. Phila., Sept. 27, 1865. Originally a printer; afterward a paper-dealer ; adm. to the bar in 1815; often represented Phila. in the State legisl. He was a disting. lawyer ; took a deep interest in schools, and was a trustee, and subsequently a director, in Girard Coll. As sisted his father as editor of the Aurora. Sec. of the U.S. treasury in 1833 ; was removed by Jackson, Sept. 23, 1833, for declining to order the removal of the deposits from the U.S. Bank. Author of " The Law of Nations In vestigated," &c., 8vo, 1809; "Letters on In ternal Improvements," 8vo, 1811 ; "Narrative and Correspondence concerning the Removal of the Deposits," 8vo, 1838. DuboiS, JOHN, D.D., R.C. bishop of N.Y., b. Paris, 1764; d. N.Y., Dec. 20, 1842. In 1791, the revolution drove him to the U.S. He officiated in Va. and Md. ; took charge of the mission at Frederick, Md., and in 1808, having become a member of the society of St. Sulpice, settled at Emmettsburg, and took an active part in the establishment of St. Mary s Coll. at Baltimore. Oct. 29, 1826, he was elevated to the Episcopacy. Dubouchet (du-boo -sha ), FLORIMOND LANGLOIS, marquis, a French gen., b. Cler- mont, Oct. 20, 1752; d. Paris, Oct. 1826. Having entered the army at the age of 15, and disting. himself in Corsica in 1769, he in 1776 lent his services to the Americans, and in the following year was promoted to the rank of major on the field of battle of Sara toga. In 1780, he joined Rochambeau, and was present at the surrender of both Bur- goyne and Cornwallis. At the conclusion of peace, he returned to France with the decora tion of the Cincinnati, and received the cross of St. Louis. An emigrant at the epoch of the French revol., he re-entered France in 1803; com. at Ypres in 1809, and Breda in 1810. At the restoration, the title of marquis was made hereditary in his family; and in Oct., 1816, he was made lieut.-gen., but oc cupied himself with literary labors until his death. Biog. Univ. Suppt. Duch6 (du-sha ), JACOB, D.D., an elo quent Prot.-Ep. clergyman, b. Phila., 1739; d. there Jan. 3, 1798. U. of Pa. 1757. Son of a Huguenot, who came to America with Wm. Penn. Licensed in 1759, by the bishop of Lond., as assist, minister of Christ Church, Phila. and in 1775 succeeded Dr. Peters as its rector. Marrying a sister of his classmate, Francis Hopkinson, he, at the beginning of the Revol., espoused the cause of the Colonies, and was highly esteemed by the patriots. At the assembling of the First Congress, Sept. 7, 1774, Duche was invited to make the open ing prayer. " For his excellent prayer, so well adapted to the present occasion," Con gress gave him a vote of thanks. July 9, 1 776, he was chosen chaplain to Congress, and ap propriated his salary to the relief of the fami lies of Pennsylvanians slain in battle ; but ha r>uc 284 DUD resigned in Oct. When the British took pos session of Phila., alarmed at the gloomy aspect of affairs, Duche forsook the patriot cause, and in a letter to Washington (Oct. 1777) urged him to pursue the same course. Washington transmitted the letter to Con gress ; and Duche fled to Eng., where he became chaplain in the Lambeth Orphan Asylum, and a popular preacher. His estate was confis cated, and he himself banished as a traitor to his country. He returned to Phila. in 1790. He was a highly polished writer, and had a fine poetical taste. In 1771, he pub. the "Letters of Tamoc Caspipina," an acrostic on his desig nation as the assist, minister of Christ Church and St. Peter s in Phila. in N.A. " Sermons," 8vo, 1781. Duyckinck. Du Coudray (du koo -dra), PHIL. CHAS. JEAN BAPT. TRONSON, a French art. officer, b. Rheims, Sept. 8, 1738; d. Sept. 11, 1777. Educated in the carps of miners, he evinced superior talents at an early age ; was promoted over the heads of 180 senior officers for services in Corsica; and was adj.-gen. of art., and one of the best engineers in France, when, in 1776, he offered his services to Deane and Franklin, who agreed that he should com. the Amer. art., with the rank and pay of inaj.-gen. The dissatisfaction of Knox and other valuable officers of that arm prevented this arrange ment From being carried out. Aug. 11, 1777, he was app. insp.-gen., with rank of maj.-gen., and placed in superintendence of the works on the Delaware. While hastening as a vol. to the battle of Brandywine, his horse, becoming restive while on board a ferry-boat crossing the Schuylkill, plunged with him into the river, and he was drowned. Ducreux (du"-kruh ),FRANQOis, a French historian, b. Saintes, 1596 ; d. 1666. Author of Historia Canadensis, 1664. Dudley, BENJAMIN WINSLOW, M.D., LL.D., surgeon, b. Spottsylv. Co., Va., Apr. 12, 1785; d. Lexington, Ky., 20 Jan. 1870. He studied at Transylv. U., and took his medical degree at the U. of Pa. in 1806. In 1810, he went to Europe, where he was the pupil of Sir Astley Cooper, Cline, and Abernethy of Lond., and Larrey, Dubois, and Boyer in Paris till 1814, returning home with the reputation of a most skilful operator. He established himself in Lexington, Ky., in July, 1814, re maining there in successful practice until 1854, achieving the reputation of being the ablest surgeon west of the Alleghanies. He pub. several medical essays, and, on the organiza tion of the medical school of Transylv. U., was made its prof, of surgery. Dudley, CHARLES EDWARD, senator, b. Johnson Hall, Staffordshire, Eng., May 23, 1780 ; d. Albany, Jan. 23, 1841. Charles, his father, coll. of the customs at Newport, and a loyalist, d. Lond. in 1790. The son came with his mother to Newport, R.I., in 1794. Enter ing into trade there, he went to the E. Indies as supercargo, subsequently removed to N.Y., where, in July, 1809, he m. Blandina, dau. of Rutgers Bleecker, and in 1811 removed to Albany. State senator in 1820-5, mayor of Albany in 1821 and 1828, and U.S. senator in ! 829-33. Mr. Dudley was particularly fond of astronomical science; and in 1856 his widow contrib. $70,000 towards the erection and endowment of the Dudley Observatory at Albany. At the time of her death in Jan, 1863, she had contrib. to it, in all, over $100,- 000. Dudley, DEAN, b. Kingfield, Me., May 23, 1823. Educated for the law. Printer and publisher of Boston. Author of " Dudley Gen ealogy," 8vo, 1848 ; " Pictures of Life in Eng. and America," 8vo, 1851; "History of the First Council of Nice ; " " Social and Pol it. Aspects of England and the Continent." Dudley, EDWARD B., gov. of N.C. (1837- 41) ; d. Wilmington, N.C., Oct. 30, 1855, a. 64. Entering the legisl. of N.C. in 1816, he was M. C. 1829-31. Dudley, JOSEPH, gov. of Ms., b. Roxbury, Sep. 23, 1647 ; d. there Apr. 2, 1720. H. U. 1665. Son of Gov. Thomas. He studied the ology, but, preferring a political career, repre sented his native town in 1673-5 ; was assist. 1676-85; from 1677 to 1681 was one of the commissioners for the United Colonies ; was present at the battle with the Narragansetts in 1675, and was one of the commissioners who dictated the terms of a treaty with that power ful tribe. He was agent for the colony in Eng. in 1682-3; but, unable to obtain a confirmation of the old charter, he served himself, and became a prominent candidate for the chief-magistracy. Commissioned by James II. pres. of New Eng., Sept. 27, 1685 ; in 1687 was app. chief-justice of the Superior Court, and was arrested as one of the friends of Andros, with whom he was sent to England. He was received with favor, and was made chief-justice of N.Y., 1690. He was again in Eng. in 1693, and dur ing 8 years held the office of dep. gov. of the Isle of Wight, being in 1701 elected to parlia ment from Newtown. From 1702 to 1715, he was capt.-gen. and gov.-in-chief of Ms. Bay. He then retired to his rural home in Rox bury. He carried the doctrine of submission to royal and ministerial authority to a danger ous extreme. Dudley was a " philosopher and a scholar, a divine and a lawyer, all com bined." N. E. II. and Gen. Reg., x., 336. Dudley, PAUL, F.R.S., jurist, b. Sept. 3, 1675 ; d. Jan. 25, 1751. H. U. 1690. Son of Gov. Joseph. He studied law at the Temple, London. Returned in 1702 with a commis sion from Queen Anne as atty.-gen. of the Province, which he held till his promotion to the bench in 1718; becoming chief-justice in 1745. He rep. Roxbury some years in the legisl., and in 1739 was chosen speaker, but was negatived. He was a learned naturalist, a member of the Roy. Soc. Lond. He left a be quest to Harv. Coll. for the purpose of estab lishing a yearly lecture to be delivered at that institution in defence of Christianity, called from him the Dudleian lecture. He pub. sev eral essays on the Natural History of Amer., particularly of N. Eng., in the " Transactions " of the Roy. Soc., and a work against the Church of Rome. Dudley, THOMAS, gov. of Ms. in 1634, 40, 45, and 50, b. Northampton, Eng., 1576 ; d. Roxbury, Ms., July 31, 1653. He had been an officer under Elizabeth, in the service of DUE 285 IDTJIT Holland, before joining the Puritans, and after ward retrieved the fortunes of the Earl of Lin coln by the faithful stewardship of his estates. A principal member of the Ms. company which settled Boston and vicinity, he came over in 1 630 as dep.-gov. with his son-in-law, Simon Bradstreet, and held that office 12 years. After residing in Cambridge, Ipswich, and Boston, he finally settled in Roxbury, where his estate was long possessed by his descendants. In 1644, he was app. maj.-gen. of the Colony. He was a man of talent and integrity, was bold, outspoken, and energetic. Duer, JOHN, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1837), ju rist, b. Albany, N.Y., Oct. 7, 1782 ; d. Staten Is land, Aug. 8, 1858. Son of Col. Wni. Duer, and grandson of Lord Stirling. After 2 years service in the army, he practised law at Goshen with Beverly Robinson, with whom, ab. 1818, he removed to N.Y., and acquired reputation as an insurance lawyer. In 1849, he was elected an assoc. justice of the Superior Court, and on the death of Judge Oakley in May, 1857, became chief-justice. In 1825, he was app. one of the commissioners to revise the statute law of the State. He was a delegate to the State Const. Conv. in 1821. In 1845, he pub. a "Lecture on the Law of Representa tions in Marine Insurance," and in 1845-6 a treatise on " The Law and Practice of Marine Insurance." In 1848, he delivered a discourse on Chancellor Kent, which was pub., and at the time of his death was editing " Duer s Re ports of the Decisions of the Superior Court," the 6th vol. of which he left incomplete. Duer, COL. WILLIAM, b. Eng., 18 Mar. 1747 ; d. 7 May, 1799. Son of John, council lor for Antigua. In 1765, he became aide to Lord Clive in India. In 1768, he purchased land in Washington Co., N.Y. ; was app. col. of militia, judge of the county courts, member of the Prov. Congress, of the com. of safety, and of the com. to draft the State constitution in the conv. of 1777; delegate to the Cont. Congress, 1777-8 ; sec. of the Treasury Board until the organization of the dept. in 1789 ; member of the State legisl. and assist, sec. of the treas. under Hamilton, until 1 790. 27 July, 1779, hem. Catharine, dau. of Lord Stirling. He took up his residence in N.Y. City in 1783. See Knickerbocker Mag., xl., 95-103. Duer, WILLIAM ALEX., jurist and man of letters. Son of Col. Wra., b. Rhinebeck, N.Y., Sept. 8, 1780; d. N.Y., May 30, 1858. He studied law with Duponceau in Phila., and Nat. Pendleton in New York. During the quasi war with France of 1798, he obtained the app. of midshipman in the navy, and served under Decatur; adm. to the bar in 1802, he engaged in business with Edward Livingston, upon whose removal to N. Orleans, he formed a professional partnership with his bro.-in-law, Beverly Robinson. He contrib. to a partisan weekly paper, the Corrector, conducted by Dr. Peter Irving, in support of Burr. Mr. Duer shortly after joined Livingston at N. Orleans, studied the Spanish civil law, was successful, but was induced by the climate, and his mar riage with the dau. of Wm. Denning of N.Y., to resume his practice in the latter city. Here he was a contrib. of literary articles to the Morning Chronicle. He next opened an offic in his native town, Rhinebeck, and in 1814 was elected to the State Assembly. Continuing in the legisl. till 1817, he was a prominent pro moter of the canal legislation; judge of the Supreme Court from 1822 to 1829 ; pres. of Col. Coll. from 1829 to 1842, when ill health caused his retirement. He delivered to the seniors a course of lectures on the constitution al jurisprudence of the U.S., pub. in 1856. He delivered from the portico of the City Hall a eulogy upon President Monroe. After his re tirement, he resided at Morristown, N.J. He pub. in the Colls, of the N.J. Hist. Society a life of his maternal grandfather, Lord Stirling He delivered in 1847 an address before the lit erary societies of Col. Coll., and in 1848 an hist, address before the St. Nicholas Society, giving early reminiscences of New York, both of which have been pub. Duyckinck. Duff, MARY ANN, actress, b. Dublin ; d. N. Y. City, Sept. 5, 1857, a 62. She was a Miss Dyke, whose sister was the first wife of the poet Moore. She m. John Duff, whose forte was genteel and sprightly comedy, and who was at one time manager of the Federal- street Theatre, Boston. He d. in Phila., April, 1831, a. 44. After playing in Dublin, they came to this country in 1810, opened in Bos ton in Nov., and became favorites throughout the country. She was a beautiful woman, and a celebrated tragedian. She went to Lond. in 1828, and Mar. 3, played at Drury Lane, Isabella, in " The Fatal Marriage." Duffield, GEORGE, D.D. (Y.C. 1785), cler gyman, b. Phila., 7 Oct. 1732 ; d. there Feb. 2, 1790. N. J. Coll. 1752. Tutor in N. J. Coll. 1754-6 ; minister of Carlisle, Pa., from 25 Sept. 1761 to April. 1773, when he became pastor of the Third Presb. Church, Phila. He was dis tinguished as a scholar and orator, and was, in the Revol. struggle, an early and zealous friend of his country, and a chaplain of the Old Con gress. He p ub. an account of his missionary tour to the frontiers in 1766, and a thanksgiv ing sermon for the restoration of peace, Dec. 11, 1783. Sprague. Duffield, GEORGE, D.D. (U. of Pa.), b. Strasburg, Pa., July 4, 1794; d. Detroit, June 26, 1868. U.^of Pa. 1811. Grandson of the preceding. Licensed to preach by the presby tery of Phila., Apr. 29, 1815; pastor of the church at Carlisle, Pa., from Dec. 1815 to 1834, and of the 5th Presbyterian Church of Phila. in 1835-7. In 1837, he succeeded C. G. Finney at the Broadway. Tabernacle. From 1838 until Apr. 27, 1865, pastor of the First Presb. Church of Detroit. He was a ripe schol ar. During the war, he went repeatedly to the battle-field as a delegate of the Christian com mission, and ministered to the wounded. Au thor of " Spiritual Life," 8vo, " Dissertations on the Prophecies," " Millenarianism de fended," "Fugitive Discourses," "Claims of Episc. Bishops examined," "Obligation and Perpetuity of the Christian Sabbath." Con trib. to the Biblical Repos., Presb. Mag., &c. Duffield, REV. GEORGE, his son, b. Car lisle, Pa., 1818. Y.C. 1837. Ord. 1840; set tled in Blomfield, N.J., then in Brooklyn, N.Y. ; in 1852, at the Button wood-st. Church, 286 DUN" Phila. ; and in 1860, at the Presb. Church, Ann Arbor, Mich. He has written many hymns, but will be chiefly remembered for the cue " Stand up for Jesus." Duganne, AUGUSTINE JOSEPH HICKEY, poet and novelist, b. Boston, 1823. He has written many novellettes and romances, " Mys teries of Boston, New York, and Phila.," 8vo, Phila., and a great number of miscellaneous papers under various signatures. His poems are the " Iron Harp," " Parnassus in Pillory," a satire ; " The Mission of Intellect," a poem delivered in N.Y. in 1852 ; " The Gospel of Labor," 1853, and many short pieces pub. in a large illustrated edition in Phila., 1856. He has also written the" Lydian Queen, "a tragedy, 1848 ; a " Comprehensive Summary of General Philosophy," Phila., 1845 ; and a " Class Book of Governments and Civil Society," N.Y. 1859. At one time, a member of the legisl. of N.Y. Duggan, PETER PAUL, artist, b. Ireland ; d. Paris, Oct. 15, 1861. He came early to this country ; developed a taste for his art while quite young, and qualified himself for an art professorship in the N.Y. Free Acad. soon after its opening. He had long been an invalid. Resided some years near Lond., and removed to Paris in May, 1861. Though the crayon was his favorite medium, he occasionally painted a masterly oil head, like that of George L. Duyckinck. Du Lac, PERRIN, author of " Voyage dans les Deux Louisianes," &c., Paris, 8vo, 1805. Dulaney, DANIEL, lawyer and statesman, b. Md., July, 1721 ; d. Bait., Mar. 19, 1797. An eminent lawyer of Annapolis ; many years commiss. gen., sec., atty.-gen., and councillor of Md., before the llevol. Though a loyalist, he stood up manfully against the Stamp Act. He was an able writer on the side of govt. Author of " Considerations on the Propriety of imposing Taxes on the British Colonies in N.A. for the Purpose of a Revenue," 1766, Lond., 8vo. Dulaney, WILLIAM, col. U.S. marines ; d. Beltsville, Md., July 4, 1868. App. from Va., lieut. of marines, June 10,1817; capt. July, 1834 ; brev. maj. " for meritorious conduct in the Florida war," Mar. 3, 1843 ; maj. Nov. 17, 1847. Served in the Mexican war; com. the batt. on the fall of Maj. Tsviggs; brev. lieut.- col. " for gallantry at Chapul tepee, and capture of De Belen Gate and City of Mexico/ Sept. 14, 1847 ; col. marines, Apr. 1862. Gardner. Dumas (du-ma/), MATHIEU, count, a French gen., b. Moutpelier, 23 Nov. 1753 ; d. Paris, 16 Oct. 1837. Entering the army in 1773, he served as aide to Rochambeau in Amer. (1780-3) ; performed missions to Turkey and Holland ; was a member of the legisl. assembly in 1791, and the friend of Lafayette; was condemned to death, and fled to Switzer land ; entered the military service of Napoleon, and was a gen. at Waterloo ; active in the revol. of 1830, and aided Lafayette in placing Louis Philippe on the throne. Besides some military works, he pub. " Memoirs of my own Time," (1773-1826). His memoirs, entitled " Souvenirs," were pub. by his son. Dummer, JEREMIAH, scholar and political writer, b. Boston, ab. 1679; d. at Plastow Eng., May 19, 1739. H.U. 1699. Son of Jeremiah, and grandson of Richard. On leav ing college, he studied theology, and preached a few months, but was not popular. He passed several years at the U. of Utrecht, where ho obtained a doctor s degree. Agent of Ms. in Eng., 1710-21. He wrote an admirable de fence of the N.E. charters when they were threatened in 1721, the work giving the best specimen of his English style, which is un commonly elegant and forcible. He also pub. a letter to a noble lord on the exped. to Canada, stating the great efforts made by Ms. for its conquest. While in Eng., he procured 800 volumes as a donation to Yale Coll. Dummer, WILLIAM, bro. of Jeremiah, gov. Ms. ; b. Newbury, 1677 ; d. Boston, 10 Oct. 1761. While visiting Eng., he was app. lieut. -gov. of Ms. 1716, acting as chief-magis trate in 1723-8, and 1729, and enjoyed in a great degree the confidence of the people. He bequeathed his valuable farm and mansion- house for the endowment of Dummer Acad., Newbury, the first in Ms., opened Feb. 27, 1 763. He was a benefactor of H. U., and in 1719, capt. of the Anc. and Hon. Art. comp. Dumont, EBENEZER, brig.-gen. U.S. vols., b. Vevay, Ind., Nov. 23, 1814. John, his father, was a lawyer, member of the legisl. of Ind. 1822-3. His mother Julia L. (Corey), poetess (b. Waterford, O., Oct. 1794 ; d. Jan. 2, 1857), pub. "Life-Sketches," N.Y., 1856. She was the earliest female writer of the West, whose works have been preserved. He was adm. to the bar. When the Mex. war began in 1846, as lieut.-col. 4th Ind. vols., disting. himself at the battle of Huamantla; afterward in the State legisl. ; was speaker of the house, and many years pres. of the State Bank. In 1861, at the head of the 7th Ind. regt., he served in Western Va., at Laurel Hill, Rich Mountain, and Carrick s Ford. Made brig.-gen. Sept. 3, 1861 ; and Sept. 12, he was engaged at Cheat Mountain. He com. the 17th brigade of the Army of the Ohio, in Jan. 1862. May 5, 1862, he attacked and routed, at Lebanon, Ky., John Morgan s command. Oct. 1862, he commanded the 12th division of Gen. Buell s armv. Res. Feb. 28, 1863. M.C. 1863-7. D. April 16, 1871. Duncan, JAMES, col. and insp.-gen. U.S. A., b. Cornwall, N.Y., Sept. 1810 ; d. Mobile, July 3, 1849. West Point, 1834. He served in the Florida war ; was wounded at the Onith- ladoche, Feb. 29, 1836; capt. 6 April, 1846. As an officer of light art, he did good service in the Mexican war. Brev. maj. for Palo Alto, May 8, 1846 ; brev. lieut.-col. for Resaca de la Palma, May 9, 1846 ; brev. col. for Monterey, Sept. 23, 1846 ; disting. also at the storm, of Molino del Rey, Chapultepec, and capture of city of Mexico ; insp.-gen. Jan. 26, 1849. Duncan, JOHN M., traveller, d. Glasgow, Oct. 3, 1825, a. 31. Author of "Travels in the U.S. and Canada, in 1818-19," 2 vols., 12mo, 1823; "Sabbath among the Tuscaro- ras." Duncan, JOHNSON K., brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Pa., 1826 ; d. Knoxville, Jan. 1863. West Point, 1849. Entering the 3d U. S. Art., he resigned Jan. 31, 1855; was an engineer at 287 New Orleans, and entered the Confed. service as col. ; was app. brig. -gen. from La., and com. Forts Jackson and St. Philip at the time of the bombardment by Farragut, becoming a prison er of war on their surrender, Apr. 25, 1862. Duncan, JOSEPH, gov. of 111. (1834-8), b. Ky., ab. 1790; d. Jacksonville, 111., Jan. 15, 1844. Self educated. He was an ensign at the brilliant defence of Fort Stephenson under Col. Croghan, for which he received from Congress the testimonial of a sword, Feb. 13, 1835. Fix ing his residence in 111., he was soon elected maj.-gen. of militia, then State senator, where, in the session of 1824-5, he originated the law which first established common schools in the State; M.C. 1827-35. He is identified with the early introduction of internal improve ments into the State. Gardner. Duncan, SILAS E., capt. U.S.N., b. N.J. ; d. White Sulph. Springs, Va., Sept. 14, 1834. Midshipman, Nov. 15, 1809; acting lieut. and distinguished in Macdonough s victory on Lake Champlain, Sept. 6, 1814 ; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814 ; commander Mar. 1, 1829. Duncan, WILLIAM CECIL, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1S57), Baptist clergyman and author, b. N.Y. City, Jan. 24, 1824 ; d. N. Orleans, La., May 1, 1864. Col. Coll. 1843, Ham. Theol. Sera. Ord. 1848. He in 1847 established at N. Orleans the South-western Baptist Chronicle. He was 3 years prof, of Greek and Latin in the U. of La.; then became pastor of the Coliseum- place Baptist Church in N.O., but, in the sum mer of 1861, was, for his loyalty to the U.S. ^rovt., compelled to come North. After the capture of N. Orleans by the Union forces, he returned. Author of " A Life of John the Baptist," N. Y., 1853; "The Pulpit Gift- Book," N.Y., 1855; " History of the Baptists for the First Two Centuries of the Christian Era," 1857, and " The Tears of Jesus." Ap- pleton. Dundas, FRANCIS, a British gen., d. Jan. 1824. Ensign 1st Guards, Apr. 1775; capt. Jan. 1778; lieut. -col. 1780; gen. 1812. He was in the battles of Brandy wine, Germantown, reduction of the forts on the Delaware, Mon- mouth ; joined Lord Conwallis in 1780 ; com. his advanced guard at Guilford and Yorktown, and saw considerable service in the light com pany 2d batt. of Guards. He served at Mar tinique, 1794 ; gov. of the Cape of Good Hope, 1796-1803. Philipart. Dundas, THOMAS, maj.-gen. of Fingask, b. 1730; d. June 3, 1794. M.P. for Orkney, 1770-80 and 1784-90. Lieut.-col. 80th in Ar nold s Va. expedition, Dec. 1780, and under Cornwallis at Yorktown. Ross s Cornwaflis. Dunglison, ROBLEY, M.D., LL.D. (Y.C. 1825), physician and medical writer, b. Kes- wick, Eng., 4 Jan. 1798 ; d. Phil., Apr. 1, 1869. M.D. London, 1819, and at the U.of Erlangen, 1823. lie commenced practice in Lond., but, after a few years, came to the U.S., and from 1824 to 1833 was prof, of medicine in the U. of Va. He filled the chair of therapeutics and materia rnedica in 1833-6, in the U. of Md. ; and, from 1836 to 1868, was prof, of the insti tutes of medicine and nodical jurisprudence in Jeff. Med. Coll., Phila. He pub. nearly 20 vols.; among these are "Principles of Human Physiology," 2 vols., 8vo, 1832 ; " New Diction ary of Medical Science and Literature," 2 vols., 8vo, 1833; "General Therapeutics and Mate ria Medica," 8vo, 1836; " New Remedies," 1839, and " Human Health," 1844, and a large dictionary for the blind ; " Diseases of the Stomach and Bowels of Children," Lond., 8vo, 1824 ; " In trod, to Grecian and Roman Geog raphy," 8 vo, 1829; "The Medical Student," 8vo, 1837, 2d ed., 1844; "Discourse," com memorative of P. S. Duponceau, 8vo, 1844 ; "Recollections of Europe in 1854, 8vo ; the " Va. Literary Museum," 8vo, 1830. He was vice-pres. of an institution for the blind, and of the Amer. Philos. Soc., and was a member of many literary and scientific societies. He edit ed "Magendie s Formulary," the "Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine," " Roget s Physiology," " Traill s Med. Jurisp.," and several smaller works. Before leaving Eng., he had edited the Lond. Med. Repos., and the Med. Intelligencer. Dunklin, DANIEL, gov. of Mo., 1832-6; d. Jeff. Co., Mo., Aug. 25, 1844, a. 54. Dunlap, ANDREW of Ms. (1794-1835), author of "Admiralty Practice," Phila., 8vo, 1836, 2d ed., N.Y., 1850. Dunlap, JOHN, printer, and Revol. patriot, b. Strabane, Ireland, 1747 ; d. Phila., Nov. 27, 1812. At the age of 8 or 9, he came to live with his uncle Win., a printer and publisher of Phila., who, under Franklin, was postmaster at Lancaster, Pa. At 18, he took his uncle s busi ness, and in Nov. 1771, began the Pa. Packet, becoming one of the most successful printers and editors of the country. While the British held Phila., from Sept. 1777, to July, 1778, his newspaper, devoted to the patriot cause, was pub. at Lancaster : from 1 784, it was a daily, the first in the U.S. It now bears the name of The North American and U.S. Gazette. As printer to Congress, he first issued the " Dec laration of Independence." An officer of the first troop of Phila. cav., the body-guard of Washington at Trenton and Princeton. In 1780, he subscribed 4,000 to supply provisions to the army. By his talents and industry, he acquired a large fortune. Simpson. Dunlap, ROBERT P., lawyer and politician, b. Me., 1789; d. Brunswick, Me., Oct. 20, 1859. Bowd, Coll. 1815. Adm. to the bar in 1818; member of the State legisl. 1821-2; State senator, 1823 ; pres. State senate, 1827- 9 and 1831-3; member executive council, 1833; gov. 1834-8; M.C. 1843-7, afterward pres. of the Board of Overseers of Bowd. Coll. ; coll. of customs, Portland, 1848-9; postmaster of Brunswick, 1853-7. Dunlap, S. F., son of Andrew, b. Boston, 1825. Author of "The Origin of Ancient Names," Camb., 8vo, 1856; repr. from the Chris. Examiner, July, 1856; " Vestiges of the Spirit History of Man," N.Y., 8vo, 1858; edited, with Notes, " Dunlap s Admiralty Prac tice." AU.ibone. Dunlap, WILLIAM, painter and author, b. Perth Amboy, N.J., Feb. 19, 1766; d. N.Y. City, Sept. 28, 1839. His father, an Irish officer, was wounded at Quebec, and, be ing a loyalist, went to N.Y. in 1777, where Wm. commenced painting, and in the summer of 1783 executed a likeness cf Washington. TDTJ3ST 288 DTTP In 1784, he went to Eng., where he received instruction from West. He made a pedestrian tour to Oxford with Dr. S. L. Mitchell in 1786, then returned to New York, and mar ried. Sept. 7, 1789, "The Father," a 5-act comedy, and the best of his pieces, was brought out. He appeared once upon the stage him self; in 1796 was associated with Hallam and Hodgkinson in the management of the John-st. Theatre, and in Jan. 1798, took the Park Theatre, where, in March, his tragedy of " Andre," in blank verse, was produced with success. In 1805, he rented the N.Y. Theatre, and in a short time became bankrupt. From 1814 to 1816, he was assist, paym.-gen. of the N.Y. militia. After many vicissitudes, he began, in 1816, a series of pictures, which placed him in the first rank of American art ists. Among them are " Christ Rejected," " Bearing of the Cross," " Death on the Pale Horse," and " Calvary," which he con sidered the best and most finished of his com positions. He pub. memoirs of Cooke the tragedian in 1813, and of Charles Brockden Brown ; " History of the American Theatre," 8vo, 1833; "The Arts of Design in Ameri ca," 1834; Hist, of the "New Netherlands," 2 vols., 8vo, 1840 ; " A History of N.Y. for Sc-hools," 1837; and "Thirty Years Ago, or the Memoirs of a Water-Drinker," 1836. He was vice-pres., and a founder of the " National Acad. of Design." Dunmore, JOHN MURRAY, 4th Earl, gov. of Va., b. 1732 ; d. Ramsgate, Eng., May, 1809. Descended in the female line from the house of Stuart, succeeded to the peer age in 1756. Made gov. of N.Y. in Jan. 1770, and of Va. in July, 1771. He arrived at Williamsburg early in 1772, and on occa sion of the Va. assembly passing the resolu tion recommending the committee of corresp., in March, 1773, immediately dissolved that body. Its act in the next session, of May, 1774, in setting apart the 1st of June, the day for closing the port of Boston, as a day of fasting, humiliation, and prayer, caused it to be again forthwith dissolved. On the 20th of April, he caused the removal of the powder from the magazine at Wiiliamsburg on board an English ship. This proceeding caused the greatest excitement; the people took arms under Patrick Henry ; and the gov. was forced to compromise the affair by paying for the powder. June 6, he fled with his family, and took refuge on board the " Fowey," man- of-war. Rallying a band of Tories, runaway negroes, and British soldiers, he collected a naval force, and carried on a petty warfare, plundering the inhabitants on the James and York Rivers, and carrying off their slaves. Dec. 9, 1775, his followers suffered a severe defeat at the battle of -Great Bridge, near Nor folk; and, on the following night, Dunmore took refuge on board his fleet. Jan. 1, 1776, he set fire and destroyed Norfolk, the most populous and flourishing town of Va. Con tinuing his predatory warfare, he established himself early in June on Gwynn Island, in the Chesapeake, whence he was dislodged by the Virginians, July 8, being wounded in the leg by a splinter. Dunmore shortly afterward . returned to Eng., and was in 1786 app. gov of Bermuda. Campbell s Va. Dunster, HENRT, first pros, of H.U., b Eng.; d. Scituate, Ms., Feb. 27, 1659. Son of Henry of Bulehoult, Lancashire. Of Mag dalen Coll. 1630 and 1634. He was inducted into office, Aug. 27, 1640, soon after his arrival, and resigned, Oct. 24, 1654, in consequence of having publicly advocated the principles of anti-pedobaptism, and spent the rest of his days at Scituate. He was highly esteemed for piety and learning ; was a great master of the Oriental languages, and assisted in revising the new version of the psalms made by Eliot, Wilde, and Mather in 1640. By his will, he bequeathed legacies to the very persons who had occasioned his removal from the presi dency; see Life of Dunster, by J. Chaplin, 1872. Dunton, JOHN, bookseller and author, b. Graffham, Huntingdonshire, May 14, 1659 ; d. 1733. He was apprenticed to a bookseller in Lond.; came to N.E. in March, 1686, with a cargo of books, but met with little success, and remained but about 8 months. After 20 years of prosperity in the bookselling business, he be came an author, and in 1701 was employed in the office of the Post Angel paper. He af terwards commenced the Athenian Mercury, repub. subsequently under the name of the " Athenian Oracle," in 4 vols., 8vo. In 1705, he pub. " The Life and Errors of John Dun- ton," in which he gives the " lives and charac ters of more than 1,000 contemporary charac ters of literary eminence," and describes the ministers, booksellers, and other citizens of Boston and Salem. His " Letters from N.E." were pub. by the Prince Society in 1867, with notes and appendix, by W. H. Whitmore. Duponceau (du-pon -so), PETER STE PHEN, LL.D. (H.U. 1820), philologist and jurist, b. Isle of Rhe, France, June 3, 1760; d. Phila., April 2, 1844. After the death of his father, he went to Paris in Dec. 1775, and, becoming acquainted with Baron Steuben, accomp. him to Amer. as sec., landing at Portsmouth, Dec. 1, 1777. Feb. 18, 1778, he was made brev.-capt., and was of great as sistance to Steuben in preparing his system of army discipline. Sec. to R. R. Livingston ; head of foreign affairs, from Oct. 1781 until June, 1783, when he began to study law, and in June, 1785, was adm. to the Phila. bar. He became eminent in the profession, especially on questions of civil and foreign law, and ac cumulated money enough to devote himself to literature. Member of the acad of arts and sciences, and pres. of the Araer. Philos. So ciety. In 1835, the French Institute awarded him a prize for a disquisition on the Indian languages of N.A. He pub. in 1819 a me moir " On the Structure of the Indian Lan guages ; " in 1838, at the age of 78, a "Dis sertation on the Chinese Language," in which he held the opinion that the written language was lexigraphic, representing sounds, and not ideas, and translated a " Description of New Swe den," by T. C. Holm. Among his publica tions on jurisprudence are translation of Bynkershock s " Laws of War," 1810 ; on the Nature and Extent of the Jurisdiction of the Courts of the U.S., 1824 ; a Review of 3DITP 289 DT7IR Kent s Commentaries in Walsh s Quarterly Re view ; Discourse at the opening of his Law Acad. in Phila., 1821; a Brief View of the U. S. Constitution, 1834. He made great efforts to introduce into the U. S. the produc tion and manufacture of silk. Dupont, SAMUEL FRANCIS, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Bergen Pt., N.J., Sept. 27, 1803; d. Phila., June 23, 1865. Grandson of P. S. Dupont Nemours. Midshipman in the navy at 12 ; lieut. Apr. 26, 1826; commander, Oct. 28, 1842. In 1845, he was ordered to the Pacific in com. of the frigate " Congress," and, during the Mexican war, saw much ac tive service on the Cal. coast. In " The Cyane," he captured San Diego ; cleared the Gulf of Cal. of Mexican vessels ; took La Paz, the capital of Lower Cal. ; assisted in the capture of Mazatlan in Nov. 1847, and de fended Lower Cal. against the Indians and Mexicans. In Feb. 1848, he landed at San Jose with 100 marines and sailors, and de feated and dispersed a Mexican force five times as great. Captain, Sept. 14, 1855. Hav ing recommended the occupation of Port Roy al as a central harbor or depot on the south ern coast, he was given the com. of the S. A. block, squad., and intrusted with the attack on that place. Sailing from Fortress Monroe, Oct. 29, 1861, in "The Wabash," with a fleet of 50 sail of war-vessels and transports, conveying Gen. Sherman s troops, he arrived off Port Royal, Nov. 4 and 5, after a violent storm, and on the 7th attacked and captured two strong forts on Hilton Head and Bay Point, which defended the harbor. He followed up this advantage vigorously ; and his operations along the southern coast were invariably successful. He also succeeded in making the blockade more effective than be fore. July 16,1862, he was made a rear-adm. on the active list. In April, 1863, he com. the fleet which unsuccessfully attacked Charleston. He was soon after relieved of the com. of the S.A.B. squadrons, and subsequently held no active command. Admiral Dupont aided in organizing the naval school at Annapolis, and is the author of a report on the use of floating batteries for coast defence, which has been repub. and highly commended in Eng., by Sir Howard Douglas in his work on naval gunnery. Duportail, LEBEGUE (du -por -tal leh- bag ), CHEVALIER Louis, a French gen. d. at sea in 1802. Educated at the military school of Mezieres, he acquired the reputation of being an excellent engineer. Came to Amer. during the War of Independence, attached himself to Lafayette ; was app. a brig.-gen. Nov. 17, 1777 ; maj.-gen. Nov. 16, 1781 ; was directing en gineer at the siege of Yorktown, and was one of the general officers particularly named by Washington after the capitulation. He re turned to France, with the rank of brig. ; in 1 788 was named marshal- de-camp ; and by the influence of Lafayette, with whom he was in timately connected, he was, Nov. 16, 1790, made minister of war. The disgrace of La fayette determined his ; and, after having been denounced in the assembly, he resigned, Dec. 3, 1791, and was employed in a military capacity in Lorraine. Seasonably warned of an acns*i- tion against him in 1792, he quitted the army, and withdrew to Amer., whence he was recalled by the events of the 18th Brumaire, but was not fortunate enough to reach his native land, as he died during the passage. Nouv. Biog. Gen. Dupratz, M. LE PAGE, see PRATZ. Dupuy, ELIZA A., b. Petersburg, Va. Of Huguenot descent. Author of " The Con spirator," " Emma Walton," " Celeste," " Flor ence, or the Fatal Vow," " Separation," "Concealed Treasure," " Ashleigh," "The Country Neighborhood," 1855. Duquesne (dii -ken ), DE MENNEVILLE, Marquis, gov. of New France from 1752 to 1755. He was a gr. nephew of the great Duquesne. Was a capt. of royal marines, and had been recommended to his app. by De Galissoniere. He introduced great reforms into the colony ; placed the colonial troops on a par with the European by constant drill and study ; erected forts in the Far West for the protection of the people, and resisted the encroachments of the English and colonial troops. He built Fort Duquesne on the Ohio, memorable as the place near which Braddock was defeated in 1755. The present city of Pittsburg stands upon its site. Moryan. Durand, ASHER BROWN, painter and en graver, b. Jefferson, N.J., Aug. 21, 1796. His paternal ancestors were Huguenots. In the shop of his father, a watchmaker, he learned engraving. In 1812, he was apprenticed to Peter Maverick, engraver, with whom, in 1817, he became a partner. His engraving of Trum- bull s " Declaration of Independence," his first large work, cost him 3 years labor, but brought him into notice. The National Portrait Gallery contains many of his heads ; and his "Musidora" and "Ariadne" are fine specimens of art. After 10 years practice as a painter, he gave up engraving in 1835, and devoted himself chiefly to landscapes. His pictures are pleasing in color and tone, and evince much poetic feeling. The principal of his figure-pieces are " Harvey Birch and Washington," " An Old Man s Reminis cences," " The Wrath of Peter Stuyvesant," " God s Judgment on Gog," " The Dance on the Battery," " The Capture of Andre," &c. Some of his landscapes are " The Morning and Evening of Life," a pair ; " Lake Scene, Sunset," " The Rainbow," " Wood Scene," " Primeval Forest," " In the Woods," " The Symbol," from Goldsmith s "Deserted Vil lage," " Franconia Mountains," and " Remi niscences of Catskill Cloves." In 1854, he painted a portrait of Wm. C. Bryant. Pres. of the Nat. Acad. of Design. His son JOHN has for some years conducted the Crayon, a monthly publication specially devoted to the fine arts. Appleton. Durbin, JOHN PRICE, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 1837), clergyman, b. Bourbon Co., Ky., 1800. Cin. Coll. 1 825. After receiving a district school education, he entered the ministry of the Meth.- Epis. Church in 1.S19; was received into the 0. conf. in 1820, and stationed on Greenville circuit; subsequently in Hamilton, where he attended Miami U., 12 miles distant. He was soon after elected prof, of languages in August i DTJR 290 DTJV Coll., Ky. ; chaplain of the U.S. senate in 1831. In 1832, he was elected prof, of natural science in the Wesl. U., and in 1833 became editor of the Christian Advocate and Journal, N.Y. From 1834 to 1845, he was pres. of Dick. Coll. He then travelled through portions of the Old World, and, returning next year, pub. " Observations in Europe/ 2 vols., 1844, and " Observations in Egypt, Palestine, Syria, and Asia Minor," 2 vols., 1845. Member of the Genl. Conf. of 1844, and took an important part in the debate which resulted in the division of the M.E. Church. In 1845, hewas stationed in Phila. as presiding elder. In 1850, he was elected corresp. sec. of the Missionary Society of the M.E.Church, resigning the post in 1872. Editor of Wood s " Mosaic History of the Creation," with notes, 8vo, 1831. Contrib. to many periodicals ; d. N. Y., Oct. 19, 1876. Durfee, JOB, LL.D., jurist and poet, b. Tiverton, R.I., Sept. 20, 1790; d. there July 26, 1847. Brown U. 1813. Son of Thomas, many years chief-justice of the C.C.P. for the county of Newport. He practised law success fully ; was M.C. in 1821-5; chosen a justice of the Supreme Court in May, 1833, and was chief-justice from June, 1835 until his death. Member of the State legisl. 1813-19, 27-9, and speaker, 1828. Author of " What Cheer, or Roger Williams in Exile," 1832, an edition of which was pub. in Eng., and of " Panidea," a fphilos. treatise. His writings were coll. and pub., with a memoir, by his son, 8vo, 1849. Durivage, FRANCIS ALEXANDER, b. Boston, 1814. Author of "Cyclopaedia of History," 8vo ; "Stray Subjects," 12mo; "Life Scenes." Translated, with W. I. Chase, Lamartine s "Revolution of 1848." Author of several plays and poems, and contrib uted to periodicals. Co-editor of Ballou s Pic torial. Durivage, JOHN E., journalist and actor, b. Boston, 1813 ; d. Memphis, Tenn., Aug. 27, 1869. For 20 years, he had been connected with the press of Boston, N. York, N. Orleans, and Cal., where he founded the Aha Calif ornian, He had for some years acted in the Western theatres. Author of some successful farces and burlesques. He was at one time aide to Gen. Wool. Durkee, CHARLES, statesman, b. Royal- ton, Vt., Dec. 5, 1807 ; d. Omaha, Jan. 13, 1 870. He received an academical education at Royalton ; became a merchant ; removed to Wis. ab. 1830; was a member of the legisl. in 1837-8 and 1848; M.C. 1849-53; U.S. senator, 1855-61 ; delegate to the Peace Con- guss, 1861 ; gov. of Utah, 1865-9. In Con gress, he was one of the early advocates of anti- slavery and freesoil principles. Durkee, COL. JOHN, b. Windham, Ct., 1728; d. Norwich, May 29, 1782. He served in the French war ; was a major of militia. An early settler of the Wyoming Valley, but re turned to Ct. As a major in Putnam s regt., he disting. himself highly at Bunker s Hill, and was a col. in the battles of Long Island, Ger- mantown, Harlem, White Plains, Trenton, Monmouth, and in Sullivan s exped. against the Six Nations; resigned 1780. Maj. ROB- EET, his bro. -in-law, a soldier of the French and Revol. wars, fell at the Wyoming masss- ere, 3 July, 1778. Duston, HANNAH, heroine of N.E., m. Thomas D. of Haverhill, Ms., Dec. 3, 1677, She was the mother of 13 children. When the Indians attacked Haverhill, March 15, 1698, her husband, with the children, escaped, and she, with an infant and her nurse, was captured. After proceeding a short distance, the infant was killed. Mrs. D. was taken to an island at the junction of the Merrimack and Contoocook Rivers, being assigned to an Indian family of 12 persons. With the aid of a nurse and a boy, also a prisoner, she killed the Indians with a hatchet, all but a favorite boy and a wounded squaw, who escaped, and returned safely to Haverhill with their scalps. Her house, occu pied by Thomas Dustin, a descendant, was standing in 1816. Dutton, HENRY, LL.D. (Y.C. 1854), judge, b. Plymouth, Ct.,Feb. 12, 1796; d. N. Haven, April 12, 1869. Y.C. 1818. Grandson of Capt. Thos. of the Revol. army. He was a tutor at Yale in 1821-3; law prof, there in 1847-69; practised law at Newtown, and then at Bridgeport ; was State atty. ; was 5 times a member of the house; State senator in 1849, and one year judge of the N. Haven Co. Court; gov. of Ct. 1854-5; judge of the Superior Court, and of the Supreme Court of Errors, from 1861 to 1866. He pub. in 1833 a digest of the Ct. Reports, and a revision of Swift s digest, and was a member of the commissions of 1849 and 1866, to revise the State statutes, and was chairman of the committee which in 1854 prepared a new compilation of the State statutes. Dutton, SAMUEL WILLIAM SOUTHMAYD, D.D. (B.U. 1856), Cong, clergyman, and writ er, b. Guilford, Ct., March 14, 1814; d. Mil- bury, Ms., Jan. 26, 1866. Y.C. 1833. Son of Rev. Aaron (Y.C. 1803). In 1834, he taught in Mount Hope Coll., Baltimore, and in 1834-5, was rector of the Hopkins grammar school, New Haven, and tutor in Yale from 1836 to 1838. From June, 1838, to his death, he was pastor of the North Church, N. Haven, whose history during the last century he pub. in 1842. From the establishment of the New- Englander, in 1842, he was one of its editors, publishing, also, various addresses and sermons. A discourse preached at his funeral, by Rev. Leonard Bacon, has been pub. ; also a sketch of his life in the Cong. Quarterly, Apr. 1866. Ob. Rec. Yale, 1866. Duvall, GABRIEL, jurist. Of Huguenot descent, b. Pr. George Co., Md., Dec. 6, 1752 ; d. there March 6, 1844. Clerk to the first Md. legisl. previous to the Declaration of Independ ence. M.C. 1794-5; was a comptroller of the U.S. treasury from 1802 to Nov. 18, 1811, and was then app. a judge of the U.S. Supreme Court, which office he held until 1836. Duvall, WILLIAM P., lawyer and states man, b. Va., 1784; d. Washington, D.C , March 19, 1854. When quite young, he went to Ky., where he studied law, rose to eminence in the profession, and also became a noted poli tician. He served as capt. of mounted vols. under Gen. Hopkins, Sept. 1812. M.C. 1813- 15; he was gov. of Fla. Terr. 1822-34. In DTJY 291 1848, Gov. Duvall removed to Texas. He was the original " Ralph Ringwood " of Washing ton Irving, and "Nimrod Wildfire" of J. K. Paulding. Duyckinck (dl-kink), EVERT AUGUS TUS, author, b. N.Y. City, Nov. 23, 1816. Col. Coll. 1835. Evert, his father, an enterprising publisher of New York, b. 1765; d. 1833. In Dec. 1840, he commenced, with Cornelius Mat thews, Arcturus, a journal of books and opin ions, continued until May, 1842. He contrib. to the early numbers of the N. Y. Review. In 1 847, he commenced the Literary World,& weekly critical journal, which, with the exception of the interval, May, 184", to Oct. 1848, he contin ued, with his bro. George L., until the close of 1853. In 1856, the bros. completed the "Cy clopaedia of American Literature," 2 vols., 8vo., a work of great research and value, to which a suppt. was added by him in 1866. He has pub. the " Wit and Wisdom of Sydney Smith," and Poems relating to the Am. Rev. by Freneau, 18G5, both with original mem oirs; Nat. Port. Gallery of Eminent Americans, 2 vols., 1862 ; " History of the War for the Un ion," 3 vols., 1861-5 ; Memorial of John Allan, printed for the Bradford Club, 1864; a Me morial of Francis L. Hawks, D.D., read before the N.Y. Hist. Soc., 1867, printed for the So ciety in 1871. He has also contrib. largely to periodicals. A sermon by his son, Rev. Henry Duyckinck of St. Mark s Ch., N.Y., a promis ing young clergyman (b. Nov. 6, 1843 ; Col. Coll. 1867; d. Feb. 16, 1870), was printed in connection with funeral-services, in 1870. Duyckinck, GEORGE LONG, bro. of E. A., b. at New York, Oct. 17, 1823 ; d. there Mar. 30, 1863. N. Y. U. 1843. He studied law, and was adm. to the N.Y. bar, but never prac tised. Besides his share in the " Cyclopaedia" and in the Literary World, he pub. " George Herbert," 1858; "Life of Bishop Thomas Ken," 1859; "Jeremy Taylor," 1860; "Lati- mer," 1861, and various essays and reviews in the periodicals of the day. Dwight, HARRISON GRAY OTIS, D.D., missionary, b. Conway, Ms., Nov. 22, 1803 ; killed bv accident on the N. Vt. Railroad, Jan. 25,1862*. H.U. 1825; And. Sem. 1828. Em barking for the East in Jan. 1830, he settled in Constantinople, where, for near 30 years, he preached, superintended schools, and edited a religious paper. Author of " Christianity brought Home from the East," 12mo, 1850 ; " Memoir of Mrs. E. 0. Dwight," N.Y., 1840. Dwight, JOSEPH, soldier and judge, b. Deolham, Ms., Oct. 16, 1703 ; d. Great Bar- rington, June 19, 1765. H. U. 1722. Son of Henry of Hatfield, and grandson of Timothy of Dedham. Adm. to the bar in 1733, he be came judge of C.C.P., Worcester Co., in 1739, and in 1761 judge of the Co. Court, and of Probate of Berkshire Co. A brig.-gen. at the reduction of Louisburg, in 1745, he com. the Ms. Art., and was disting. and commended by Pepperell. In 1756, at the head of a brigade of militia, he served at Lake Champlain, in the second French war ; 1 1 years representative of Brooktield, speaker of the house in 1749. Dwight, MART ANN, b. Northamp. Ms., S,>t. 17, 1806; d. Morrisnnia, N.Y., Nov. 4, 1858. In 1849, she pub. an excellent work on Grecian and Roman mythology, and in 1856 an elementary treatise on the fine arts. She had also prepared for publication an abridg ment of " Lanzi s History of Painting." Hist. Mag., Hi., 28. Dwight, SERENO EDWARDS, D.D. (Y.C. 1833), teacher and divine, b. Greenfield, Ct., May 18, 1786 ; d. Phila., Nov. 30, 1850. Y.C. 1803. Son of Pres. Dwight, and in youth was remarkable for brilliant talents, and force of character. Tutor at Yale in 1806-10 ; and from 1810 to 1815 practised law with success. During this period, he wrote his celebrated essay on the lawfulness of marriage with a wife s sister, entitled " The Hebrew Wife." In 1816, he en tered the ministry, and was chosen chaplain of the U. S. senate. In the summer of 1817, he became pastor of the Park-st. Church, Boston ; but in the spring of 1826, he resigned on ac count of failing health. In 1828-31, he conduct ed with his bro. Henry, a large school in N. Haven, called The Gymnasium. Pres. of Ham. Coll., Clinton, N.Y., 1833-5. He was an able preacher, a good writer, and a captivating and successful teacher. Author of the Life of his relative, Jonathan Edwards, " Sermons and Addresses," " The Life of Brainerd," 1822 ; a vol. on the " Atonement," 1830; a vol. of " Select Discourses," pub. in 1851, together with a memoir by his bro. Rev. Dr. W. T. Dwight. He edited Jonathan Edwards s Works, 10 vols., 8vo, 1830. Dwight, THEODORE, lawyer and brilliant political writer, b. Northampton, Ms., 16 Dec. 1764 ; d. N.Y., June 11, 1846. Bro. of Pres. Dwight. His mother was dau. of Pres. Edwards. He studied law at Hartford, prac tised with repute, wrote frequently on political subjects, became very popular with the Federal party, was many years in the senate of Ct. ; M.C. 1806-7. His eloquence and readiness in debate insured him a leading part in Congress ; and he was a prominent advocate of the bill for the suppression of the slave-trade. He ed ited the Mirror, pub. at Hartford, the leading Federal journal in that State during the war. Sec. of the Hartford Convention, the proceed ings of which, he pub. in 1833. In 1815, he pub. the Albany Daily Advertiser, and, two years afterwards, commenced the N. Y. Daily Adver tiser, continuing to act as assoc. editor and proprietor, until the great fire of 1835, when he relinquished his interest, and retired with his family to Hartford. He was a founder, and long an active director, of the Bible Socie ty. He had a hand in the poetical and politi cal essays of The Echo in the Hartford Mercury, in common with Hopkins and Alsop. lie was the author of " Character of Thomas Jefferson, as exhibited in his own Writings," 1839. Dwight, THEODORE, author, b. Hartford, Ct., Mar. 3, 1796; d. Brooklyn, Oct. 16, 1866, from injuries received by a railroad accident. Y.C. 1814. Son of the preceding. After visiting a great portion of Europe, in 1821, he pub. "A Tour in Italy," 1824. In 1833, he removed to Brooklyn, engaged in philan thropic and literary pursuits ; assisted his father in editing the Daily Advertiser; after- 222 EAJR, ward taught school in Brooklyn, and then in N. Y. City. Was engaged in several maga zines and periodicals, and edited and pub. the N. Y. Presbyterian. He was a good linguist, and was a member of many scientific, literary, and philosophic societies. Author of a " Hist, of Conn.," 1841; "The Roman Republic of 1849 ; " " A Summer Tour in the Northern and Middle States," 1847; (in conjunction with Wm. Darby), "A New Gazetteer of the U.S.," 1833; " Schoolmaster s Friend," 8vo, 1835; " The Northern Traveller," 12mo, 1841 ; " Lessons in Greek," 12mo, 1833 ; The " Fath er s Book ; " " Life of Garibaldi," 1 859. Some of his poetical pieces are in Everest s Poets of Ct. Dwight, TIMOTHY, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1787), LL.D. (H.U. 1810), divine and scholar, b. Northampton, Ms. ,14 May, 1752; d.N. Haven, 1 1 Jan. 1817. Y. C. 1769. Col. Timothy, his father, was a merchant, andd. Natchez, 10 June, 1777. Mary, his mother, dau. of Jonathan Edwards, was a woman of talents and rare excellence. Tutor at Yale, 1771-7 ; licensed to preach, and a chaplain in the Revol. armv, Sept. 1777-Mar.l779. He did much to heighten the enthusiasm of the soldiers by his popular patriotic songs. He then worked on a farm 4 years, aiding in the support of his mother and family, and occasionally preaching ; member of the leo-isl. in 1781 and 1786 ; ord. minister of Greenfield, Ct., 12 Nov. 1783, and at the same time taught an acad. with success ; pres. of Yale Coll. from Sept. 1795 to his death; at the same time prof, of theol., and preacher in the coll. chapel. In 1796, he began travelling through the N.E. States and N.Y. during his college vacations ; publishing in 1821, in 4 vols., 8vo, " Travels in N.E. and N.Y.," a work of permanent value and interest in regard to the natural history and social condition of the country. He was eminently qualified as an instructor, and largely increased the usefulness of Y. Coll. Dr. Dwight had a commanding presence, great industry and research, and a wonderful memory ; was a strong, sound, and impressive preacher, and a poet of no mean ability. Authorof " The Conquest of Canaan," an epic poem, finished in 1774, pub. 1785; "Greenfield Hill," a poem, 1794; a revision of " Watts s Version of the Psalms," 1800; " Theology Explained and Defended," 5 vols., 1818, which has passed through many editions ; " Sermons," 2 vols., 1828 ; "Remarks on the Review of Inchiquin s Letters," pub. in the Quarterly Review, 1815 ; and many occasional sermons. In 1772, he delivered at Y.C. a dis sertation on the " History, Eloquence, and Poetry of the Bible," pub. both in the U.S. and Europe. His son HENRY EDWIN ( Y. C. 1815), author of "Travels in the N. of Ger many," 1825-6, d. N. Haven, 11 Aug. 1832, a. 35. Dwight, WILLIAM THEODORE, D.D. (B.C. 1846), clergyman and author, b. Green field, Ct., June 15, 1795; d. Andovcr, Ms., Oct. 22, 1865. Y. C. 1813. Son of Pres. Dwight. Tutor in Y.C. 1817-19 ; in 1821 was adm. to the bar of Phila., at which he practised 10 years. Pastor of the 3d Cong. Church, Portland, Me., from June 6, 1832, to May, 1864. He was one of the most prominent and influential ministers in Maine, and excelled aa a preacher. Pres. of the Portland Benevolert Soc., of the Me. Missionary Soc., of the Cong. Library Assoc., of the Board of Visitors of Andover Theol. Seminary, and of the Albany Convention of Cong. Churches. He pub. a " Memoir of Rev. S. E. Dwight, D.D.," 1851 ; orations, addresses, discourses, and review articles. Y.C. Obit. Record. Dyer, ELIPHALET, LL.D. (Y. C. 1787), soldier and jurist, b. Windham, Ct., Sept. 28, 1721 ; d. there May 13, 1807. Y. C. 1740. He commenced the practice of law; in 1745-62 was representative to the Gen. Court. He com. a Ct. regt. during the French war (app. 1755) ; was elected a member of the council in 1762; went to Eng. in 1763 as agent of the Susquehanna Company, and was a delegate to the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. He was also a delegate to Congress in 1774, and, except ing 1779, held during the war a seat in that body. He was app. a judge of the Supreme Court in 1766, and in 1789-93 was chief- justice. Rogers. Dyer, MARY, wife of William, was a dis ciple of Anne Hutchinson, and a victim to the persecution of the Quakers ; hanged on Boston Common, June 1, 1660. Quakers were by statute excluded from the bounds of Ms. ; and death was the penalty for a second visit. Mary Dyer, who had left on the enactment of the law, soon returned on purpose to offer up her life. She was arrested, and sent to prison ; was reprieved after being led forth to execution, and was, against her will, conveyed out of the Colony. She speedily returned, and suffered as a willing martyr. Eagle, HENRY, commo. U.S.N., b. N.Y. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1818 ; lieut. Mar. 3, 1827 ; com. June 4, 1844; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; commo. retired list, July 16, 1862. Attached to sloop "Natchez," W, I. squad. 1830-3; com. bomh-vessel " jEtna," during the Mexican war; stationed at Tabasco, also civil and mili tary gov. of the Province, 1847 ; com. frigate " Santee," Gulf squad., 1861-2, organizing and sending out several successful expeds. against the enemy while stationed in the Gulf. Eames, CHARLES, lawyer, journalist, and diplomatist, b. New Braintree, Ms., Mar. 20, 1812; d. Washington, D.C., Mar. 16, 1867. H.U. 1831. He studied at the Camb. Law School, but was prevented by ill health from practising, and in 1845 took a position in the navy dept. A few months later, he became assoc. editor of the Washington Union, and was app. by Mr. Polk commiss. to the Sandwien Islands for the negotiation of a treaty. In 1 850, he returned, and, after editing the Nash ville Union for six months, again edited the Union, until sent minister to Venezuela by Pres. Pierce. He returned to Washington in 1858, where he practised law until his death. During the last 5 years of his life, his manage ment of prize-cases showed him to be one of the best admiralty lawyers of the country ; while he won high distinction by his great knowledge of international law. Earle, PLINY, inventor, b. Leicester, Ms., Dec. 17, 1762; d. there Nov. 29, 1832. In 293 1785, he, with Edward Snow, manufactured cards for carding cotton and wool. Mr. Earle at first made these by hand, but soon invented the machine, still in use, for their manufacture, by which the labor of a man for 15 hours could be performed in as many minutes. He was a member of the society of Friends. Earle, PLINY, M.D. (1837), physician. Son of the preceding, b. Leicester, Ms., Dec. 31, 1809. Educated at the Friends Boarding School at Providence, where he afterward taught. He travelled in Europe, returned to Phila. in 1839; from 1840 to 1842 was resi dent physician of the insane hospital at Frank- ford, Pa. ; from 1844 to April, 1849, was physi cian to the insane asylum, Bloomingdale,N.Y., when he visited the insane hospitals of Europe. In 1853, he was app. visiting physician to the N.Y. City lunatic asylum. He has written much in the medical and scientific journals, and the Journal of Insanity. He pub. " Mar athon and other Poems," in 1841, but soon withdrew the edition from the market ; " Visit to 13 Asylums for the Insane in Europe;" " History," Description, and Statistics of the Bloomingdale Asylum," 1848 ; a volume on in stitutions for the insane in Germany and Aus tria, pub. originally in the Journal of Insan ity, also a series of articles on " Blood-letting in Mental Disorders," in book-form, 1854. Earle, RALPH and JAMES, painters. Ralph b. Leicester, Ms., 11 May, 1751 ; d. Bolton, Ct., 16 Aug. 1801. Grandson of Ralf, an ear ly settler of L. He painted in Ct. in 1775, and executed 4 hist, paintings (believed to be the first ever exec, by an Amer. artist), represent ing views of the battle of Lexington. After the peace, he studied in Lond. under West ; was made a member of the Roy. Acad., painted a portrait of the king, and returned to Amer. in 1 786. He painted in various parts of N.E. Among his works is a large picture of Niaga ra Falls, portraits of Pres. Dwight and Gov. Strong. JAMES, a portrait-painter, b. Leices ter; d. Charleston, S.C., Sept. 1796, of yellow- fever. AUGUSTUS, son of Ralph, was an ec centric and disting. painter in N. Orleans. Hist. Leicester ; Dunlap. Earle, THOMAS, writer on law, bro. of Pliny, b. Leicester, Ms., April 21, 1796; d. Phila., July 14, 1849. Educated at Leicester Acad., removed to Phila. in 1817, engaged in mercantile pursuits for a few years, then stud ied law, and commenced practice in that city, where he was disting. He ed. successively the Columbian Observer, Standard, Pennsylvanian, and Mechanics Free Press and Reform Advocate; took an active part in calling the Const. Conv. of Pa. in 1837, and was a prominent member. He lost his popularity with the Democ. party by advocating the extension of the right of suffrage to negroes. In 1840, he was the can didate of the Liberty party for the vice-presi dency. He pub. an "Essay on Penal Law," an "Essay on the Rights of States to alter and annul their Charter," "A Treatise on Railroads and Internal Communications," 1830, and a "Life of Benjamin Lundy." At his death, he had nearly completed a history of the French Revol., and a translation of Sismondi s "Ital ian Republics." Early, JOHN, bishop of the M. E. Cnurch, South, b. Va., 1785. He joined the Va. conf. when young, became an itinerant minister, and was successively sec. of conf., presiding elder, and delegate of the gen. conf. At the gen. conf. , he was chosen book-agent, and be in 1846 became bishop in 1854 ; d. Lynchburg, Va., Nov. 1, 1873. Early, JUBAL A., gen. C. S. A., b. Va., ab. 1818. West Point, 1837. Entering the 1st Art., he served in the Florida war, and resigned in July, 1838, to study and practise law in Va., where he became a member of the legisl., and State atty. 1843-7 and 1848-52. Major of a Va. regt. in the Mexican war, from Jan. 1847 to Aug. 1848. In 1861, he entered the army of Va. as a col. ; com. a brigade at Bull Run, arriving on the field at a critical period of the day; maj.-gen. Feb. 1863; com. a divis ion at Gettysburg. Early in 1864, he was ordered to com. the forces in the Shenandoah Valley, and in July invaded Md., and threat ened Washington City ; defeated by Sheridan at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; again on the 22d at Fisher Hill, and Cedar Creek, Oct. 19. He pub. in 1867 "Memoirs of the Last Year of the War." Now (1871) practises law in Richmond, Va. Early, PETER, jurist and statesman, b. Madison Co., Va., June 20, 1773; d. Green Co., Ga., Aug. 15, 1817. N.J. Coll. 1792. In 1795, he emig. with his father to Ga. Studied law in Phila., and practised successfully at the Ga. bar. M.C. in 1802-7. His speech as one of the prosecutors of the impeachment of Judge Chase was one of the ablest on that side. Judge of the State Sup. Court from 1807 to 1813; gov. 1813-15, and subsequently a State senator. Eastburn, JAMES WALLIS, poet, b. Eng., 1797 ; d. on the passage to Santa Cruz, Dee. 2, 1819. Col. Coll. 1816. He studied theol. under Bishop Griswold at Bristol, R.I. With R. C. Sands, in 1817-18, he wrote " Yamoy- den," a romantic poem founded on the history of King Philip, sachem of the Wampanoags, pub. 12mo, 1820. He also wrote some fugitive poems. In 1818, he was ord., took charge of a parish in Accomac, Va., and having sailed for Santa Cruz, for the restoration of his health, died a few days after embarking. Eastburn, MANTON, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1835), Pr.-Ep. bishop of Ms. ; bro. of J. W., b. Leeds, Eng., Feb. 9, 1801. Col. Coll. 1817; Gen. Theol. Sein. His parents came to the U.S. when he was a boy, and settled in N.Y. Ord. in May, 1822 ; assist, minister of Christ Church, N.Y., for a few years ; became rector of the Church of the Ascension in 1827 ; was consec. assist, bishop of Ms., Boston, Dec. 29, 1842 ; and Feb. 15, 1843, became bishop. Bp. Eastburn delivered 4 lectures on Hebrew, Latin, and Eng lish poetry, before the N.Y. Athenaeum, in 1 825 ; in 1829, he contrib. a portion of a vol. of " Es says and Dissertations on Biblical Literature ;" in 1833 pub. "Lectures on the Epistles to the Philippians," and in 1837 delivered the ora tion at the semi-centennial anniversary of Col. Coll. He has edited " Thornton s Family Prayers." Died Boston, Sep. 11, 1872. Eastman, CHARLES GAMAGE, poet and journalist, b. Fryeburg, Me., June 1, 1816. 294 He removed with his parents, at an early age, to Barnard, Vt., and studied at Royals ton acad., at Windsor, and at Burlington. Was editor of the Burlington Sentinel in 1835-6 ; com menced the Lamoille River Express, at Johnson, Vt., in the spring of 1838; established the Spirit of the Age, at Woodstock, Vt., in 1840, and purchased the Vt. Patriot, and removed to Montpelier, in 1846. He was postmaster at Woodstock and Montpelier, several years, and senator for Washington Co. in 1851-2. He pub. a vol. of poems in 1848, contrib. poetry 10 the reviews and magazines, and has delivered poems of much merit at Dartm., Vt. IL, and other colleges; d. Burlington, Vt., 1861. Eastman, MARY (HENDERSON), author ess, b. Warren ton, Va., ab. 1817. Dau. of Dr. Thos. Henderson, U.S.A. She was, in 1835, m. to Capt. Seth Eastman, U.S.A., with whom she long resided at Fort Snelling and other frontier posts. She pub. " Dacotah, or Life and Legends of the Sioux," 1849 ; " Ro mance of Indian Life," 1852 ; " American Ab original Portfolio," 1863 ; " Chicora, and other Regions of the Conquered," 1854; "Aunt Phillis s Cabin," a reply to " Uncle Tom s Cab in," in 1852; " Tales* of Fashionable Life," also many tales and sketches for Arthur s and other magazines. Eastman, PHILIP, LL.D., jurist, b. Chat ham, N. H., Feb. 1799 ; d. Saco, Me., Aug. 7, 1869. Bowd. Coll. 1820. Adm. to the bar in 1823; practised at N. Yarmouth, 1823-36, Harrison, 1836-47, and at Saco, 1847-69. In 1840, with Ebenezer Everett, he revised and pub. the " General Statutes of Maine ; " State senator, 1840-2 ; on the north-eastern bounda ry commission in 1842-3 ; commissioner for Cumberland Co., 1843-8. In 1849, he pub. a digest of the first 26 vols. of the " Maine Law Reports." Eastman, SETH,brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A.,b. Brunswick, Me., 24 Jan. 1808. West Point, 1829. Entering 1st Inf., he became capt. 12 Nov. 1839; maj. 5th Inf., 31 Oct. 1856 ; lieut.- col. 1st Inf., 9 Sept. 1861 ; brev. col. and brig.- gen. 9 Aug. 1866; retired 3 Dec. 1863. As sist, teacher of drawing at West Point, 1833- 40 ; in the Florida war, 1840-1 ; author of a " Treatise on Topographical Drawing," 1837 ; " History, Condition, and Future Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the U.S.," illustrated, and pub. by order of Cong., 1850-7; d. Aug. 31/75. Easton, COL. JAMES, Revol. soldier, b. Hartford, Ct. ; d. Pittsfield, Ms. He was a builder. Removed from Litchfteld, Ct., to Pitts- field, in 1763. Was a prominent citizen, an active patriot, and member of the legisl. 1774. He raised a regt. in Berkshire ; was one of the leaders m the exped. which captured Ticonde- roga, May 9, 1775 ; and was the bearer of the intelligence to the Prov. Congress. He was one of the earliest to advocate the invasion of Canada ; com. a regt. under Montgomery, ren dering valuable service up to the close of the year 1776, and received the thanks of Congress, Jan 9, 1776. His further service in the army was prevented by the enmity of Arnold. He sacrificed his whole fortune in the service of his country, and d. in poverty. Easton, NICHOLAS, gov. of R. I., 1650-2, 1672-4; d. Newport, 15 Aug., 1675, a. 82. Came from Wales in 1634, with his two son. c j, Peter and John, resided 1 year at Ipswich, then in Newbury, and in 1638 removed to Hampton. He was one of the first settlers of both the last-mentioned towns, and having, in conse quence of some differences with the govt., re moved to Portsm., R.I., in 1638, and afterwards to Newport, erected in.th.at place the first house. JOHN, his son, gov. 1690-5, d. 1705, a. 88, was author of " A Narrative of the Causes which led to Philip s Indian War of 1675-6," pub. by F. B. Hough, Albany, 1858. Eaton, AMOS, physicist, b. Chatham, N.Y., May 17, 1776; d. Troy, N.Y., May 6, 1842. Wms. Coll. 1799. He fitted himself for college while a blacksmith s apprentice; studied law un der Alex. Hamilton, and was adm. to the bar. Becoming agent and surveyor of the Living ston estates on the Hudson River, he studied chemistry, mineralogy, and botany, and com menced lecturing on the natural sciences, at Wms. Coll. in 1817. In 1820, Gen. Stephen Van Rensselaer employed him to make a geo logical survey of the region through which the Erie Canal afterward passed, which was pub. in 1824. When Rensselaer established the institute at Troy, he made Eaton senior prof. He pub. " Index to the Geology of the Northern States," 1818; "The Philos. Instructor," 1824; "A Geol. Text-Book," " A Manual of the Botany of N. America," 1833, the first popular text book of that science pub. in the U.S., and a " Treatise on Engineering and Surveying," 4to, N.Y. Eaton, AMOS B., brev. maj. -gen. and com- mis.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y., May 17, 1803. W.P. 1826. Entering the 2d Inf., he became capt 1 Mar. 1839 ; transferred to commis. dept. 7 July, 1838; maj. 9 May, 1861; col. 9 Feb. 186.S; brig.-gen. and com.-gen. 29 June, 1864: hrev. maj. -gen. 13 Mar. 1865. Served in Florida war, 1837-41 ; chief com. of subsist, in Gen. Tailor s army in Mexico in 1847-8; and brev. maj. 23 .Feb. 1847, for gallant and merit, conduct at Buena Vista; d. N. Haven, Ct., Feb. 21, 1877. Eaton, CYRUS, b. Framingham, Ms., Feb. 1 1 , 1 784. 40 years a successful teacher in Me. Became totally blind in 1845. Author of "An nals of Wan-en, Me.," 8vo, 1851 ; "Woman," a poem, 1 854 ; " Hist, of Thomaston, Me.," 8vo, 2 vols., 1865; d. Warren, Me., Jan. 21, 1875. Eaton, HORACE, M.D., gov. of Vt., 1846- 8, b. Barnard, Vt., June 22, 1804 ; d. July 4, 1855. Mid. Coll. 1825. He practised medi cine in Enosbury from 1828 to 1848, when he was app. prof, of chemistry and nat. hist, in Mid. Coll., subsequently residing at Middle- bury. Some years a member of the legisl. ; lieut.-gov. from 1843 to 1846 ; supt. of schools from 1845 to 1850, and member of the Const. Conv. in 1848. Eaton, Major JOHN HENRY, a noted poli tician, b. Tenn.; d. Washington, D.C., Nov. 17, 1856, a. 66. U.S. senator from Tenn., 1818-29 ; sec. of war under Pros. Jackson (as well as a warm personal friend), 1829-31 ; gov. of Fla. Terr. 1834-6, and minister to Spain, 1836-40. Author of an elaborate Life of Jackson, 8vo, 1824. Eaton, TIIEOPHILUS, first gov. of New 295 EDD Haven Colony, from 1638 till his d., Jan. 7, 1658, a. 66; b. Stony Stratford, Co. Bucks, Eng. His father was a clergyman. He was bred a merchant ; was for some years the Eng lish agent at the court of Denmark, and was afterward a merchant of Lond., of high repute. He accornp. Mr. Davenport to N.E. in 1637 ; was soon chosen a magistrate of Ms., and was one of the founders of New Haven in 1638. His bros. SAMUEL, assist, minister to Mr. Davenport in 1640-44, d. Eng. 1665; NATH L. was first head of Harv, Coll. 1637-9. Eaton, GEN. WILLIAM, b. Woodstock, Ct., 23 Feb. 1764; d. Brimfieid, Ms., 1 June, 1811. Dartm. Coll. 1790. His father, a school master and farmer, removed to Mansfield, ab. 1774. The son acquired a good English edu cation, and at 16 entered the Revol. army, which he left in 1783, with the rank of sergeant. He taught school in Vt. in 1788-91 ; was clerk of the H. of delegates in Oct. 1791 ; capt. in the U.S.A. in 17927, and July 11, 1797, was made consul to Tunis, where he arrived in Mar. 1799. He concerted with Haniet the lawful chief of Tripoli, then in exile, an exped. against the usurping bashaw ; captured Derne bv assault, 27 Apr. 1805, and repulsed several attempts to retake the place with severe loss to the assail ants. Eaton was on the point of completing his project, and capturing Tripoli, when he learned that a treaty of peace had been made, by which he was compelled to evacuate Derne. Eaton was well received on his return home ; was honorably mentioned in the President s mes sage to Congress, and was granted by the legisl. of Ms. 10,000 acres of land, but failed to obtain compensation from the govt. for his pecuniary losses, or such employment as his talents and services entitled him to expect. The King of Denmark presented him with an elegant ac knowledgment in a gold box, of services he ren dered several captured Danes at Tunis. In the winter of 1806 Burr endeavored, ineffectually, to enlist him in his conspiracy ; and, on his trial at Richmond, Eaton testified against him. This bold and enterprising man, under the influence of disappointment, fell a victim to intemperance a few years later. His letters and journal were pub. in " The Life of Gen. Eaton," written by Prentiss, 8vo, 1813. An other, by C. C. Felton, compiled from Eaton s papers, is in " Sparks s Amer. Biog." Ebeling, CHRISTOPHER DANIEL, a Ger man scholar and author, b. Hildesheim, Nov. 20, 1741 ; d. Hamburg, June 30, 1817. He studied theology at Gottingen, but devoted himself to geographical studies, and held for 33 years the professorship of history and Greek in the Hamburg Gymnasium, and was supt. of the Hamburg Library. For his great work, " Geography and History of N. America," Hamburg, 1793-9, in 5 vols., he received the thanks of the U.S. Congress. He paid special attention to this subject, and coll. about 10,000 maps, and nearly 4,000 books, relating to Amer. This valuable coll. was purchased, and pre sented to the library of Har. Coll. in 1818, by Israel Thorndike. Eberle, JOHN, M.D., physician and medi cal writer, b. Hagerstown, Md., 10 Dec. 1787 ; d. Lexington, Ky., Feb. 2, 1838. U. of Pa. 1809. He edited a political paper a while in Phila. ; began to edit the Med. Recorder in 1818, which he continued 5 or 6 years ; was one of the founders of the Jeff. Med. Coll. of Phila., and lecturer on materia medica, and theory and practice ; was a prof, in the Med. Coll. of Ohio, 1831-7, and in the Transylv. Med. School at Lexington from 1837 until his death. He was one of the editors of th< Western Med. Gazette and the Ohio Med. Lyceum. Author of " Eberle s Therapeutics," 1822; " Theory and Practice of Medicine;" " Eberle s Notes ; " " Diseases of Children ; " "Amer. Med. Recorder," Phila., 8vo, 1819 ; "Botanical Terminology," 1818. Eccleston, SAMUEL, D.D., 5th R.C. archbishop of the U.S., b. Md. 1801; d. Georgetown, D.C., April 22,1851. Educated at St. Mary s Coll. He visited Eng., Ireland, and France, after his ordination, and, soon af ter his return to Md., was elected, first to the vice-presidency, and subsequently to the presi dency, of St. Mary s Coll. Sept. 14, 1834, he was app. assist, bishop to Archbishop White- field, whose death in that year invested him with the title and honors of the principal see of the church in the U.S. Eckford, HENRY, shipbuilder, b. Irvine, Scotland, March 12, 1775; d. Constantinople, Nov. 12, 1832. At 16, he was placed with John Black, a maternal uncle, and naval con structor at Quebec, and in 1796 began busi ness in N.Y., where he soon introduced im provements in naval architecture, and took the lead in his profession. During the War of 1812, he constructed the ships-of-war on the Lakes with such exped. and skill, that the glori ous results may be partially attributed to him. Soon after the war, he built the steamer " Rob ert Fulton," which in 1822 made the first suc cessful steam-trip to N. Orleans and Havana. App. naval contractor at Brooklyn in 1820, 6 ships-of-the-line of which " The Ohio "was the first, were constructed after his models. Dis gusted with the interference of the board of naval commissioners, he left the govt. service, and was afterward employed in building ves- sels-of-war for various European powers, and for some of the Republics of S.A. He made a plan for the re-organization of the navy at the request of Pres. Jackson, and projected a pro fessorship of naval architecture for Col. Coll. In 1831, he constructed a ship-of-war for Sul tan Mahmoud, which led him to visit Turkey, where he organized a navy-yard. Eddy, SAMUEL, LL.D. (1801), judge, b. Johnson, R.I., March 31. 1769 ; d. Providence, Feb. 2, 1839. Brown U. 1787. He studied law, but did not long practise it ; was clerk of the Sup. Court in 1790-3; was sec. of State in 1798-1819 ; M.C. 1819-25, and was, in 1827-35, chief-justice of the Sup. Court of R.I. He made valuable contribs. to the Colls, of the Ms. Hist. Society, and pub. a work on " Antiquities." Eddy, THOMAS, philanthropist, b. Phila., Sept. 5, 1758; d. N.Y., Sept. 16, 1827. His parents were Quakers. He began to trade in New York in 1779, afterward became an insur ance-broker in that city, and was successful. He was active in originating the " Penitenti- EDE 296 EDW try System" of N.Y., and, in 1801, pub. his celebrated work on the State Prison of N.Y. The N.Y. Hospital, of which he was long a gov., the Insane Asylum at Bloomingdale, the great Erie Canal, the N.Y. Savings Institu tion, and the N.Y. Bible Society, were fostered or originated by him, and his labois earned for him the title of the American Howard. See Memoir, by Samuel L. Knapp, 8vo, 1834. Eden, CHARLES, gov. N.C., 1713-22; d. March 26, 1722, a. 48. Eden, SIR ROBERT, last roy. gov. of Md., b. Durham, Eng. ; d. Annapolis, Sept. 2, 1786. He succeeded Sharpe in 1768, and was more disposed to moderation than any of the other British officers, and complied reluctantly with the order of Congress to relinquish his govt. After the restoration of peace, he returned from Eng. to this country for the recovery of his estates, to which he was entitled by the treaty of 1783. He was a bro. of Sir John Eden, and m. Lady Calvert, sister of Lord Baltimore. Created a baronet, Oct. 19, 1776. His grandson, Sir Frederick Eden, an officer in the British army, fell at New Orleans, 24 Dec. 1814. Eden, WILLIAM, LORD AUCKLAND, a dis- ting. diplomatist. Son of Sir Robert, and bro. of the preceding, b. 1744; d. May 28, 1814. Was in 1778 one of the 3 commissioners who came to the U.S. to negotiate with the revolted Colonies. Edes, BENJAMIN, Revol. journalist, b. Charlcstown, Ms., Oct. 14, 1732 ; d. Boston, Dec. 11, 1803. Son of Peter and Esther of C., and descended in the fourth gen. from John of C., who was b. in Lawford Co., Essex, Eng land, March 31, 1651. A. and Hon. Art. Co., 1760; styled " captain ; " and was one of the Sons of Liberty. In his printing-office in Queen (now Court) St., many of the " Boston Tea Party " disguised themselves, and, on their return, did justice to a punch served in a punch-bowl still preserved among his descend ants. In 1755, he began, with John Gill, the publication of the Boston Gazette and Country Journal, a newspaper of deserved popularity, unsurpassed in patriotism, and zeal for the cause of liberty, to whose columns Otis, the Adamses, Quincy, and Warren the personal friends of Mr. Edes were constant contribut ors. Mr. Edes wielded a caustic pen, ever ready to deal with the political questions of the day. In his letters to Lord Hillsboro , Gov. Bernard advised the arrest of both Edes and Gill, as publishers of sedition. During the siege of Boston, Edes having dissolved partner ship with Gill, and admitted his sons to his business, removed his press to Watertown, and there continued to print the Gazette, which was the " chosen mouthpiece of the Whigs." The Gazette was discontinued Sept. 17, 1798, hav ing been edited by Mr. Edes for 43 years. At the opening of the Revol. war, he possessed a handsome property, which was wholly lost by the depreciation of the currency. An obituary appeared in the Independent Chronicle of Dec. 19, 1803. See Buckingham s Re min. of Print ing. Edes, PETER, son of the preceding, b. Bos ton, Dec. 17, 1756; d. Bangor, Me., in 1840. In partnership with his father ; afterwards re sided in Newport, R.I., Augusta and Hallo- well, Me. Gen. Gage ordered his arrest " for having fire-arms concealed in his house ; " and, two days after the battle of Bunker s Hill, he was thrown into prison in Boston, where he remained about three months. His journal, in MS., kept during his confinement, is in posses sion of the family. Edmonds, FRANCIS W., banker and art ist, b. Hudson, N.Y., Nov. 22, 1806; d. at his seat, Bronxville, Westch. Co., Feb. 7, 1863. Son of Gen. Samuel. He studied at the Nat. Acad. of Design, and became cashier of a bank, employing his leisure with his pencil. In 1835, he sent to the acad. his first picture, " Sammy the Tailor," which attracted atten tion, and was followed by the " Penny Pa per," " Sparking," " The City and Country Beaux," " Dominie Sampson," " Commodore Trunion," &c. He became a member of the acad. in 1840 ; afterward visited Lond., Paris, and Rome, and assisted in the resuscitation of the American Art Union, and in the estab lishment of the N.Y. Gallery of Fine Arts. Edmonds, JOHN WORTH, jurist and Spiritualist, b. Hudson, N.Y., March 13, 1799. Un. Coll. 1816. Adm. to the bar in 1819, he began practice in Hudson in 1820. Member of the legisl. in 1831, and of the senate and Court of Errors in 1832-6. In 1836-7, he was sent by govt. on special missions to the Indians on the frontiers. In 1837, he resumed practice in N.Y. City; became prison-inspector in 1843, inaugurating important reforms in the treat ment of criminals ; circuit judge, 1845-7 ; judge of the Sup. Court, 1847-1852, and member of the Court of Appeals in 1852-3, when he retired, and has since practised in New York. He became an avowed advocate of the belief in the intercourse of man with the spirits of the departed, in 1853, and in 1854-5 pub. " Spiritualism," in 2 vols., 8vo; d. N.Y. City, April 5, 1874. Edwards, BELA BATES, D.D., scholar, b. Southampton, Ms., July 4, 1802; d. Ga., April 20, 1852. Amh. Coll. 1824. Descended from a Welsh family, embracing the two Jona than Edwardses and Pres. D wight among its descendants. Before he was 11, he had read the Bible through seven times, and Scott s Notes twice. He studied theology at Ando- ver. Tutor at Amh. Coll. 1826-8; ass t. sec. Amer. Education Society 1828-36. In 1836, he was app. prof, of Hebrew in the theol. sem., and in 1848-52 occupied the chair of bibli cal literature. He pub. the " Ecletic Reader," and an introd. to it, " Biography of Self- taught Men," " Memoirs of E. Cornelius," 1842; a vol. on the "Epistle to the Gala- tians," the Missionary Gazetteer, 1832 ; translat- ted, annotated, and criticised a large number of works ; also ed. the Amer. Quarterly Regis ter, 1827-42 ; conducted the Atner. Quarterly Observer (1833-6), the Biblical Repository (1835-8), and afterwards the Bibliotheca Sacra and Theol. Review (1844-52). A selection of his sermons, lectures, and addresses, with a memoir, by Prof. Park, was pub. in 2 vols., 12mo, Boston, 1853. Edwards, BRYAN, historian, b. Westbury, 297 EDW Wilts., Eng., May 21, 1743 ; d. July 15, 1800. He inherited a large fortune in Jamaica, became an eminent merchant, and a promi nent member of the colonial assembly ; returned to Eng,, and in 1796 took his seat for the borough of Grampound, which he represented until his death. Author of " Thoughts on the Trade of the W.I. Islands with the U.S.," 1784 ; " History of the British Colonies in the W. Indies," 1793, 2 vols., 4to. A new edition of this work, pub. after his death, in 1801, 3 vols., 8vo, includes a " History of St. Do mingo." See Life pref. to Hist. W.I. Edwards, CHARLES, lawyer in N.Y. City, b. Eng., 1797. Author of "Juryman s Guide," 8vo, 1831; "Parties to Bifls and other Pleadings," 8vo, 1832; " Feathers from My Own Wings," 12mo, 1833 ; " Receivers in Chancery," 8vo, 1839, 1846; "Reports of Chancery Cases, 1st Circuit, N.Y., 1831-45," 4 vols., 8vo ; " History and Poetry of Finger- Rings," 12mo, 1855; " Receivers in Equity," 1857; "Referees," 1860; "Stamp Act of 1862." Edwards, HENRY WAGGAMAN, LL.D. (Y.C. 1833), gov. of Ct., b. N. Haven, 1779; d. there July 22, 1847. N. J. Coll. 1797. Grandson of Jonathan. He studied at the Litchf. Law School, and settled in N. Haven. Was M.C. 1819-23; U.S. senator in 1823-7; State senator, 1828-9 ; in 1830, a State repre sentative, and speaker of the house, and gov. in 1833, and again in 1835-8. Edwards, JONATHAN, the greatest of American metaphysicians, b. E. Windsor, Ct., 5 Oct 1703; d. Princeton, N.J.,22 Mar. 1758. Y. C. 1720. Timo. his father was minister of E.W. from May, 1694 to his d., 27 Jan. 1758, a. 88. H.U. 1691. He began to study Latin at 6, and before leaving coll. is said to have reasoned out for himself his great doctrine of freedom of the will. Before he was 20, he began preaching to a Prcsb. congregation in N. Y. City; was a tutor at Yale in 1724-6; then an assist, to his maternal grandfather, Mr. Stoddard, minister of Northampton, whom he succeeded; ord. 15 Feb. 1727, and soon after m. Sarah Pierrepont of N. Haven. Dismissed in June, 1750, for insisting upon a purer and higher standard of admission to the commu nion table. While missionary to the Stock- bridge Indians in 1751-7, he wrotehis celebrat ed work on " The Freedom of the Will," pub. 1754, and unequalled for close and subtile rea soning. Made pres. of N.J. Coll. in the latter part of 1757, and inaug. 16 Feb. 1758; d. soon afterward of small-pox. While at Stockbridge, his scanty means of subsistence were increased by a contrib. from his friends in Scotland, and by the industry of his wife and daughters, whose delicate handiwork was sent to Boston to be sold. He taught the doctrine, that phi losophic necessity was compatible with freedom of the will, rightly defined, and with human responsibility, and was intensely attached to the system of Calvinism as opposed to that of Arminianism. Tall and slender in person, he had a high, broad, bold forehead, piercing and luminous eyes, and a countenance indicative of sincerity and benevolence. He left 5 daugh ters aiid 3 sons, one of whom was afterward pres of N.J. Coll. His other works are, " Treatise Concerning the Religious Affec tions," 1746; "Inquiry into the Qualifications for Full Communion in the Church," 1749; " Original Sin," 1757 ; " Dissertation concern ing the End for which God created the World," 1789; "True Nature of Christian Virtue," 1788; " Thoughts on the Revival of Religion ; " " History of the Redemption," and " Life of David Brainerd." His writings, with a Memoir by Sereno E. Dwight, were pub. 10 vols., 8vo, N.Y. See, also, Life of Edwards, by S. Hopkins, Sparks s Amer. Biofj., vol. viii., and Appleton s Cycl. art., "Edwards." Edwards, JONATHAN, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1785), son of the preceding, and also a theolo gian and metaphysician, b. Northampton, Ms., May 26, 1745, O.S.; d. Schenectady, N.Y., Aug. 1, 1801. N.J. Coll. 1765. At Stock- bridge, he became thoroughly learned in the Indian language. A few months of his 10th year were passed among the Six Nations, learn ing the language, and becoming qualified to be a missionary among them ; but the French war occasioned his return to Stockbridge. Studied divinity with Dr. Bellamy ; was licensed to preach in 1766; in 1767-9 was tutor in N.J. Coll., and from 1769 to May 19, 1795, was pas tor of the church in White Haven, Ct. He was in 1796 settled as pastor of the chui ch in Colebrook, and corresp. extensively with learn ed men both in this country and Europe. From May, 1799, till his death, he was pres. of Un. Coll. His complete works, with a memoir by his grandson, Rev. Tryon Edwards, D.D., were pub. in 2 vols., 1842. Besides a " Disser tation on Liberty and Necessity," and a num ber of occasional sermons, he pub. " Observa tions on the Language of the Stockbridge In dians," since edited for the Ms. Hist. Soc. Colls, by the philologist Pickering ; and edited from his father s MS., " The History of Redemp tion," 2 vols. of sermons, and 2 vols. of " Ob servations on Theol. Subjects." His only son, JONATHAN W., a disting. lawyer of Hartford, b. N. Haven, Ct., Jan. 5, 1772, d. Hartford, Aprils, 1831. Y. C. 1789. Edwards, JUSTIN, D.D. (Y.C. 1827), cler gyman, and advocate of temperance, b. West- hampton, Ms., April 25, 1787 ; d. Virginia Springs, July 23, 1853. Wms. Coll. 1810; And. Sem. 1814. From 1812 to 1827, pastor of a Cong, church at Andover; in 1828-9 pas tor of a new church in Boston, but resigned from failing health, and becoming sec. of the Amer. Temperance Soc., of which he was the originator, he devoted 7 years to the cause by lectures and addresses in all parts of the land, and by preparing temperance documents. In 1836-42, he presided over the theol. se m. at Andover ; one of the founders of the Tract Soc. at Boston in 1814; was corresp. sec. and principal manager, until in 1825 it was united with that of N.Y.,when he was elected a mem ber of the pub. committee. Of 4 of his tracts, no less than 750,000 were printed by the soc. ; of his "Sabbath Manual," 535,000; of his " Temperance Manual," 143,000 ; of the "Com ments on the NewTestament/ more than 70,000 before his death, the first vol. of the Old Tes tament, Genesis to Job, being then in press. 208 A Memoir of his life and labors, by Rev. Dr. Hallock, was pub. by the Tract Soc. in 1853. Edwards, NINIAN, lawyer and statesman, b. Montgomery Co., Md., Mar. 1775; d. of cholera, at Belleville, 111., July 20, 1833. His education, directed at one time by Win. Wirt, was completed at Dick. Coll., Pa. ; and at the age of 19 he located himself in the Green Riv er dist., Ky. Elected to the legisl. before he was 21 ; adm. in 1798 to the bar of Ky., and in 1799 to that of Tenn., and rose rapidly in the profession. He was app. in 1803 judge of the Circuit Court; in 1 806, oV Appeals ; in 1808, chief-justice of the State, and in 1809, on the or ganization of the Terr. govt. of 111., was gov. until the organization of the State govt. in 1818. In 1816, with Gov. Clark and Col. Chouteau, he treated with the Indian tribes; in 1818-24, he was U.S. senator, and in 1824 he declined the Mexican mission. From 1826 to 1830, he was gov. of the State. During the War of 1812, his measures to prevent and counteract Indian hostilities were prompt,vigorous, and successful. Edwards, OGDEN, jurist, b. Ct. 1781 ; d. Staten Island, Apr. 1,1862. Grandson of Jona than, and son of Pierrepont. He went to N.Y. ab. 1800 ; practised law ; was surrogate for some years ; a member of the State legisl., and of the conv. of 1821, in which he bore a disting. part. He then became Circuit Judge 1st judi cial dist., which post he filled until 60 years of age. Edwards, PIERREPONT, judge. Son of the metaphysician, b. Northampton, Ms., Apr. 8, 1750 ; d. Bridgeport, Ct., April 5, 1826. Princeton Coll. 1768. His father being a mis sionary to the Stockbridge Indians, his youth was passed among them ; and he acquired their language perfectly. He commenced the prac tice of law in N. Haven, 1771 ; took an early and efficient part in the councils of Ct., in fa vor of Independence ; served in the Revol. army, and was in two hard-fought battles, in cluding that of Danbury. Member of the Old Congress, 17S7-8, and an able advocate for the Constitution of the U.S., in the convention held to ratify it. Judge U.S. dist. court of Ct., at the time of his death. He was the founder of the " Toleration party " in Ct., and, by his ability and perseverance, drew upon him self the animosity of the Calvinists. First Grand Master of Masons in Ct. Father of H. W. and Ogden Edwards. Edwards, TRYON, D.D., clergyman and author. Grandson of the 2d Pres. Edwards b Hartford, Ct., Aug. 7, 1809. Y.C. 1828. He settled in the ministry at Rochester, N.Y., in 1834, and in N. London in 1845. He has pub. " Christianity a Philosophy of Princi ples," a memoir of the 2d Pres. Edwards, pub. with his complete works, 1842 ; " Self-Cultiva- tion," 1843, and a memoir of Dr. Bellamy, pub. with his works, 1850. He has edited the works of Pres. Edwards (2d) ; a vol. from the MSS. of Pres. Edwards (1st), entitled " Char ity and its Fruits;" "Select Poetry for Chil dren and Youth," 1851 ; "Jewels for the House hold," 1852; "The World s Laconics," 1852, and " Wonders of the World," 1853. Several of these have been repub. in Eng. He edited for many years the Family Christian Almanac. Edwin, DAVID, engraver, b. Bath, Eng., Dec. 1776; d. Phila., Feb. 22, 1841. Son of John, the celebrated comic actor, who appren ticed him to an engraver, but joining an Amer. ship, before the mast, arrived in Phila. in Dec. 1797. He was employed by Edward Savage, the painter, and soon became the most eminent artist in the country, his reputation securing for him nearly all the portrait-engraving of the time. After 20 years application to his craft, his sight failed, and he was compelled to resort to various methods for obtaining a livelihood ; being at one time assist, to an auctioneer, then assist, treasurer at Warren s Theatre, and sub sequently kept a grocery. He possessed taste and skill as a musician. Simpson. Egede (eg -eh-deh), HANS, Danish mission ary, b. Norway, Jan. 31, 1686; d. Isle of Fal- ster, Nov. 5, 1758. In May, 1721, he went to Greenland to convert the inhabitants. He re sided there 15 years, laid a successful founda tion for the further propagation of Christiani ty, and successful and important commercial relations. He pub. a book on the topography and natural history of Greenland, m Danish, in 1729, afterwards translated into French, Dutch, and English. Egede, PAUL, his son, b. near Drontheim, 1708 ; d. June 3, 1789. He assisted his father in the mission, from the age of 12, and became, in 1741, bishop of Greenland. He translated " The Imitation of Christ," and portions of the Bible, into the language of Greenland, and, at his departure, left the colony in a highly prosperous state. He was afterward active in forwarding the exploring mission of Lovenon to the coasts of Greenland, and, at the time of his death, occupied a chair of theology in the U. of Copenhagen. He pub. a new edition of his father s work, and a journal of nis resi dence in Greenland, from 1721 to 1728. Eggleston, MAJ. JOSEPH, one of the most efficient cavalry officers of the Revol. M.C. from 1798 to 1801 ; b. Amelia Co., Va., Nov. 24, 1754; d. there Feb. 13, 1811. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1776. He served under Col. Henry Lee and Greene ; was in the battles of Guilford and Eutaw, and was some years member of the Va. assembly. Ehninger, JOHN WHETTON, artist, b. N.Y., July 22, 1827. Col. Coll. 1847. He studied his art in Europe; was a pupil of Couture in Paris in 1848-9; and in 1851-3 visited Dusseldorf and the chief capitals of the Continent. His first oil painting, " Peter Stuyvesant " (1850), was engraved by the Amer. Art Union. Among his best works since are " Love me, Love my Horse," " The Sword," "The Foray," "Lady Jane Grey," and Ars Celare Artem. He has also produced some excellent etchings and drawings in outline, pencil, and India ink. A series of the former illustrated Hood s "Bridge of Sighs" in 1849 and in 1850, subjects from Irving s story of " Dolph Heyliger." Among his works are " Christ Healing the Sick," a pencil-drawing executed in 1857, and a set of 8 illustrations of Longfellow s " Miles Sran- dish." Mr. E. has devoted much time to per fecting a system of photographic etching. Elbert, SAMUEL, gen. Revol. army, b. Pr KJL.D 299 ELI Wm. Parish, S.C., 1740; d. Savannah, Ga., Nov. 2, 1788. Left an orphan at an early age, he went to Savannah, and engaged in commerce. Capt. of a grenadier company there in June, 1774. Member of the Savannah com. of safety ; app. lieut.-col. Feb. 4, 1776 ; col. Sept. 16, 1776 ; com., in May, 1777, an exped. against the British in E. Fla. ; captured Fort Ogle- thorpe at Frederica, Apr. 19, 1778, with the British vessels anchored there ; actively engaged in that year in the vicinity of Savannah, and behaved gallantly at its attack by Col. Camp bell, Dec. 29, 1778. He disting. himself in the action at Brier Creek, where he com. a brigade under Ashe, Mar. 3, 1779, and was made prisoner. After his exchange, he joined the army under Washington ; was present at the surrender of Cornwallis, and made brev. brig.-gen. Nov. 3, 1783. Gov. of Ga. in 1785, and amaj.-gen. of militia at his death. Hist. Marj., Jan. 1868. Elder, WILLIAM, M.D., of Phila., b. Somerset, Pa., 1809. Author of "Periscopics," a vol. of miscellanies, 12mo, 1854 ; a new ed. entitled " The Enchanted Beauty," 12mo, N.Y., 1855; "Life of Dr. E. K. Kane," 8vo, 1857. Elgin, JAMES BRUCE, earl of, gov. of Canada, 1846-54, b. 1811; d. 25 Nov. 1863. Educated at Oxford; M. P. 1841 ; succeeded to the title on the death of his father in Nov. 1841. Gov. of Jamaica, 1842-6. He was one of the ablest. of Canadian govs. Ambassador to China, and afterward to Japan, he concluded treaties with both, the latter bearing date Aug. 26, 1858. Postmaster.-gen. of Eng., 1859-60; again ambassador to China in 1860; gov.-gen. of India, from 1860 to his death. Created a peer in 1849. Eliot, ANDREW, D.D. (U.of Edinb. 1767), minister of Boston, b. Dec. 28, 1718 ; d. Sept. 13, 1778. H. U. 1737. Descended from Andrew of Somersetshire, who settled at Beverly, ab. 1683. Andrew, his father, was a merchant of Boston. Ord. pastor of the New North Church as coll. with Mr. Webb, Apr. 14, 1 742 ; remained there till his death. During the occupancy of the town by the British, he al leviated the sufferings of the inhabitants, and ministered to his sick and wounded country men in prison. He was a friend to literature and science, and a benefactor of H.U. Author of a number of sermons, and in 1768 sent to a friend in Eng. an account of the effects of the dispute between Great Britain and America. Elected pres. of H.U., such was his attachment to his people, that he declined the honor. An 8vo vol. of his sermons was pub. in 1774. Eliot, JARED, divine, physician, and schol ar, b. Nov. 7, 1685 ; d. Killingworth, Ct., Apr. 28, 1763. Y. C. 1706. Grandson of the Apostle Eliot. From Oct. 26, 1709, to his death, he was minister to the First Church in Killingworth, Ct. He was one of the most useful men of his time. He was a good preacher, a physician of much repute, and ex celled in the natural sciences; in 1761 was honored with a medal from the Lond. Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. Member of the Roy. -Soc. of Lond. He was the first to introduce the white mulberry-tree into Ct., and with it the silk worm, and pub. a treatise upon the subject. Such was his success in the treatment of in sanity and chronic complaints, that he was sometimes sent for to Newport and Boston, and was more extensively consulted than any other physician in N.E. He also pub. " Religion supported by Reason and Revelation," 1735 ; " Sermon on the Taking of Louisburg," 1745. Eliot, JOHN, minister of Roxbury, Ms., " the Apostle to the Indians," b. Nasing, Essex, Eng., 1603 ; d. May 20, 1690. Educated at the U. of Camb. After pursuing the occupation of a teacher, came to Boston 2 Nov. 1631. He became minister of the church in Roxbury, Nov. 5, 1632, and soon conceived a strong passion for Christianizing and improving the condition of the Indians, of whom there were nearly 20 tribes, within the limits of the English plantations. Having acquired their language, he pub. a grammar, and a transl. of the Bible in it (1663) ; and the merit is claimed for him of having (Oct. 28, 1646) been the first Prot estant clergyman who preached the gospel to the N. A. savages. In 1651, an Indian town was built on Charles River, called Natick, and the first Indian church established there in 1660. His humane efforts in behalf of the praying Indians, menaced with destruction during Philip s war in 1675 by the exasperated settlers, are worthy of especial praise. He left four sons, educated at H.U., classed with " the best preachers of their generation." He pub. several letters in a work entitled " The Glorious Progress of the Gospel among the Indians," 1649 ; " Tears of Repentance," in conjunction with Mr. May hew, 1653; "A Late and Further Manifestation of the Progress of the Gospel among the Indians," in 1658; " Of the Gospel among the Indians," in 1659 ; " A Brief Narrative of the Progress of the Gospel," 1670; "The Logic Primer for the Use of Indians," 1672; " The Psalms," trans lated into Indian metre, and a " Catechism," annexed to the edition of the New Testament, in 1680; a translation of " The Practice of Piety," of " Baxter s Call to the Unconverted," arid of several of Shepard s works ; " The Har mony of the Gospels in English," 1678; and " The Divine Management of Gospel Churches by the Ordinance of Councils, designed for the Reconciliation of the Presbyterians and Congregationalists." Nine of his letters to Sir Robert Boyle are included in the third, and his account of Indian churches in the tenth volume.of the Hist. Colls. In 1639, he assisted in compiling a new version of the Psalms, known as " The Old Bay Psalm Book." In 1660, he issued a tract essaying to prove that the Indians are descendants of the Jews. Hutch- inson, in his " Hist, of Ms.," relates, that, in 1660, the gov. and council of Ms. pronounced the " Christian Commonwealth," of which Eliot was the author, to be seditious. He ac knowledged this by a public recantation. Eliot, JOHN, D.D. (Edinb. 1797), minister of Boston, b. Boston, May 31, 1754 ; d. there Feb. 14, 1813. H.U. 1772. Ord. pastor of the New North Church, as successor of his father, Nov. 3, 1779, and remained there till his death. With his friend Jeremy Belknap, he founded TT.T/T 300 the Hist. Soc. of Ms., contributing more than any other person to its colls., and to its library of rare books. He devoted much time and labor to biog. and hist, researches. Member of the Am. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. He was the author of a " New-England Biograph ical Dictionary," 8vo, 1809; "An Account of Burials in Boston," " Description of New Bedford," " Notice of W. Whittingham, and Narrative of Newspapers ; " " Sketch of Dr. Belknap," "Ecclesiastical Hist, of Ms. and Plymouth," "Account of John Eliot," " Account of Marblehead," " Memoirs of Dr. Thatcher," and " Memoirs of A. Eliot, and T. Pemberton," in the Hist. Colls. Eliot, SAMUEL, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1863), author, b. Boston, Dec. 22, 1821. H.U. 1839, with the highest honors. Grandson of Samuel, who founded the Eliot professorship at H.U. He spent 2 years in a counting-room in Boston, and 4 years in foreign travel. In 1845, at Rome, he formed the plan of his " History of Liberty," two parts of which have appeared, Boston, 1853. Part i., "The Ancient Romans," and two vols. relating to " The Early Chris tians," 1858. Engaging in the business of practical teaching, besides private pupils, he gave gratuitous instruction to classes of young working-men, and organized a charity school for vagrant children. He pub. in 1856 "A Manual of U. S. History, 1492-1856 ; " " Life and Times of Savonarola." He is engaged upon a third part of his " History of Liberty," treat ing the papal ages. Mr. Eliot has contrib. to periodical literature. Prof, of history and political science in Trinity Coll., Hartford, and pres. 1860-4. Eliot, SAMUEL ATKINS, merchant, b. Boston, Mar. 5, 1798; d. Cambridge, Jan. 29, 1862. JI. U. 1817. Samuel, his father, a wealthy merchant, and benefactor of H.U., d. Jan. 18, 1820, a. 81. Mayor of Boston, 1837- 9 ; rep. and senator in the State legisl. for three or four years, and M.C. 1850-1. Father of Chas. Wm. pres. of H. U. since 1869. Eliot, THOMAS D., lawyer and M.C. (1 854- 5, and 1859-70), b. Boston, 20 Mar. 1808; d. N. Bedford, 12 June, 1870. Col. Coll. (D.C.), 1 825. He studied law in the office of his uncle, Judge Wm. Cranch, and became eminent in the profession in N. Bedford. Member of the house and senate of Ms., and prominent in the Freesoil conv. at Worcester in 1855. In Con gress, he took an active part in the legislation for the protection and welfare of the colored race. Ellery, FRANK, cornmo. U.S.N., b. R.I. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1812; lieut. Mar. 28, 1820; commo. July 16, 1862 ; retired 1840. Served in frigate "President" in all her cruises, and wounded in the action with " The Belvidere ; " received a sword for his services on Lake Champlain ; in " The Constellation " in Medit. 1815, at capture of an Algerine frigate and a Turkish flagship ; operated against the patriots at Amelia Isl., Fla., capturing a patriot priva teer and her prize ; com. steamer " Enterprise " in 1840; d. Castleton, Vt., Mar. 24, 1871. Ellery, WILLIAM, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and also of the Articles of Confederation, b. Newport, R.I., Dec. 22, 1727 ; d. there Feb. 13, 1820. H.U. 1747. Son of Lieut.-Gov. E. For some years after his mar riage in 1750, he was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Newport ; was some time naval officer of R. I., and in 1770, after 2 years ser vice as clerk of a court, commenced the practice of law at Newport, attaining high reputation for ability and integrity. He took an early and active part in asserting and explaining the political rights of the colonies. From May, 1776, to 1785, with the exception of 1780 and 1782, he was a deleg. to Congress, acting on many important committees relating to the finances and to diplomacy. As a member of the marine committee, and subsequently of the board of admiralty, he was eminently serviceable; and the plan of 5 ships to be fitted out at Newport has been attributed to him. He suf fered great loss of property during the British occupancy of R.I. in 1777-8. App. commiss. of loans in Apr. 1786. Chosen chief-justice of the Sup. Court of R.I., he made strenuous efforts, in conjunction with RufusKingof N.Y., for the abolition of slavery in the tJ.S. He was coll. of the revenue at Newport from 1790 till his death. An interesting memoir, by his grandson, Prof. Chauning, is in Sparks s " Am. Biography," vol. vi. Ellet, CHARLES, Jun., engineer, b. Penns Manor, on the Delaware, Pa., Jan. 1, 1810 ; d. Cairo, 111., June 21, 1862. He planned and built the first wire suspension-bridge in the U.S., that across the Schuylkill atFairmount. Designed and built that across the Niagara River, below the Falls, and also the first one at Wheeling, Va. For the Va. Central Rail road, he constructed a remarkable temporary track, leading over the Blue Ridge ; and he im proved the navigation of the Kanawha River. He was employed on the Baltimore and Ohio, the Reading and other Railroads, and was pres. of the Schuylkill Navigation Co. in 1846-7. On the breaking-out of the civil war, he turned his attention to the use of steam-vessels as rams. Having projected a plan for cutting off the confed. army at Manassas, and communi cated it to Gen. McClellan, by whom it was rejected, he subsequently wrote two pamphlets, severely censuring that general s .mode of con ducting the war. The navy dept. having de clined to construct rams for service on the Mpi., according to his plan, he applied to Mr. Stanton, sec. of war, by whom it was adopted. Made col. of engineers, he soon converted into rams 10 or 12 powerful steamers, with which he rendered great assistance in the naval battle of Memphis, June 4, where he sunk and dis abled several of the enemy s vessels, and was struck by a musket-ball above the knee, from the effects of which he d. He wrote " An Es say on the Laws of Trade," 1839 ; a paper on the " Physical Geography of the Mpi. Valley, with Suggestions as to the Improvement of the Navigation of the Ohio, and other Rivers," in "Smithsonian Transactions," 1851; "The Mis sissippi and Ohio Rivers, containing Plans for the Protection of the Delta from Inundation," 8vo, Phila., 1853 ; a pamphlet on " Coast and Harbor Defences, or the Substitution of Steam Battering-Rams for Ships of War," Phila., 1855, and many other scientific papers. His bra 301 ELL ALFRED W. ELLET, who held a commission under him as lieut.-col. in the same fleet, was app. brig.-gen. of vols., Nov. 1, 1862. Ellet, COL. CHARLES RIVERS, son of Col. Charles, b. Phila., 1841 ; d. Bunker s Hill, 111., Oct. 29, 1863. He received a thorough educa tion. When the war broke out, he became as sist, surgeon in a military hospital. He accomp. his father westward in the spring of 1862, and com. one of the rams in the action at Memphis, in which the father received a fatal wound. After his death, he became col. in the marine brigade of his uncle, Gen. Alfred W- Ellct > aHd soon after com. the brigade. With the ram " Queen of the West" as his headquarters, he made many daring expeds. on the Mpi. Feb. 10, 1863, in an exped. up the Red River, he captured the confederate steamer "Era," No. 5, and other vessels ; but, getting aground, his vessel fell into the hands of the enemy, Ellet making his escape upon a bale of cotton. During and after the siege of Vicksburg, he rendered valuable assistance to Gen. Grant in keeping open his communications ; but, in the course of this duty, he contracted the disease which proved fatal to him shortly after. Ellet, ELIZABETH FRIES, authoress, wife of Win. H., b. Sodus, N.Y., Oct. 1818; d. N. Y. City, June 4, 1877. The dau. of Dr. Wm. A. Lummis. She was educated at the female sem. at Aurora, Cayuga Co., N.Y. ; m. Wm. H. Ellet at an early age, accomp. her hus band to S. C., and returned to N. Y. in 1848. She pub. a vol. of poems in 1835 ; " Scenes in the Life of Joanna of Sicily," 1840; "Char acters of Schiller," 1841, and " Country Ram bles," and contrib. articles on French and Ital ian poetry and literature to several quarterly reviews. In 1848, she pub. in 3 vols., 12mo, " Women of the Amer. Revolution," one of her most popular works, the materials for which were derived from original sources. She also published " Evenings at Wood lawn," " Family Pictures from the Bible," 1840 ; " Domestic History of the Amer. Revolution," 1850; "Watching Spirits," 1851; "Pioneer Women of the \Vest," 1852 ; " Novellettes of the Musicians," 1852 ; " Summer Rambles in the West," 1853 ; " Queens of Amer. Society," 1865 ; " Women Artists in all Ages and Coun tries," 1861 ;" Court Circles of the Republic " (with Mrs. R. E. Mack, 1869). Ellet, WILLIAM HENRY, M.D., chemist, b. N.Y. City, Nov. 1, 1806 ; d. there Jan. 26, 1859. Col. Coll. 1824. While studying medicine, he gained a gold medal for a dissertation on the compounds of cyanogen. He was prof, of experim. chemistry in Col. Coll. from 1832 to 1 835, and of chemistry, mineralogy, and geol ogy, in the S.C. Coll., in 1835-48. The legisl. of S.C. presented him with a service of silver plate for the discovery of a new and cheap method of preparing gun-cotton. During the last 5 years of his life, he was consulting chemist of the Manhattan Gas Co. of N.Y. Elizabeth F. was his wife. ElllCOtt, ANDREW, astronomer and civil engineer, b. Bucks Co., Pa., Jan. 24, 1754 ; d. West Point, N.Y., Aug. 29, 1820. His father and uncle united in purchasing a large tract of wild land on the Patapsco River, in 1770, and in 1774 founded the town of Ellicotts Mills, Md. His scientific attainments early attracted attention ; and he enjoyed the friend ship of Washington, Franklin, and Rittenhouse. He was at various times commis. for marking parts of the boundaries of Va., Pa., and N.Y. Ab. 1785, he removed to Baltimore, which he represented in the State legisl. In 1789, he was selected by Washington to survey the land ly ing between Pa. and Lake Erie, and during that year made the first accurate measurement of the Niagara River, from Lake to Lake. In 1790, he was employed by the govt. to survey and lay out the city of Washington. He was made surv.-gen. of the U.S. in 1792, supt. the construction of Fort Erie at Presque Isle in 1795, and was employed in laying out the towns of Erie, Warren, and Franklin. In 1796, he was app. by AVashington commission, on behalf of the U.S., under the treaty of San Lorenzo, to determine the southern boundary separating the U. S. Territory from that of Spain. The results of this service of nearly 5 years appear in his " Journal," 4to, Phila., 1803. Until 1808, he was sec. of the Pa. land- office, and from 1 Sept. 1813, till his death, he was prof, of math, and civil engineering at West Point. In 1817, by order of govt., he went to Montreal to make astron. obs. for car rying out some of the articles of the treaty of Ghent. He was an active member and useful officer of the Amer. Philos. Soc., to whose " Transactions " he was a contrib. JOSEPH his bro., also a math, and surveyor, d. Batavia, N.Y. 1826. Appkton. Elliott, CHARLES, D. D. (Wesl. U. 1840), LL.D. (All. Coll. 1858). Methodist divine, b. Killybegs, Ireland, May 6, 1792; d. Mount Pleasant, Iowa, Jan. 6, 1869. He studied at Dublin; emig. to Amer. in 1814, and was received into the travelling connec tion of the Ohio conference in 1818. In 1822, he was supt. of the Wyandotte Mis sion, Upper Sandusky ; was subsequently, for 5 years, pres. elder of the Ohio district, and was in 1827-31 prof, of languages in Madison Coll., Uniontown, Pa. Stationed at Pittsburg in 1831, he was subsequently pres. elder of that dist. ; edited the Pittsburg Conference Journal, and afterwards edited the Western Christian. Advocate at Cincinnati, where he remained un til 1848. Resuming his regular clerical labor, he was in 1852 re-elected editor of the Advocate for 4 years. Pres. la. Wesl. U., 1856-60 and 1864-7. His publications are, " A Treatise on Baptism," 1834; "Life of Bishop Roberts," 1853; "Delineation of Roman Catholicism," 1851 ; "History of the Great Secession from the M. E. Church," 8vo, 1855 ; " Political Ro manism," " Reminiscences of the Wyandotte Mission," and a" History of the M.E. Church in the Souih and West, from 1844 to 1866," 1868. Elliott, CHARLES LORING, portrait paint er, b. Scipio, N.Y., Dec. 1812; d. Albany, Aug. 25, 1868. Placed in a country-store at Syracuse, he devoted all his leisure-time to his favorite pursuits of drawing and painting ; went to New York ab. 1834. and became a pu pil of Trumbull and then of Quidor. He first attempted portraits without success ; but some 302 ELL oil-paintings by him, representing scenes from Irving s and Paulding s works, attracted notice. After practising portrait-painting for 10 years in the western part of the State, he returned to N.Y. City, and established himself there. Many of his works are remarkable for the fidelity of the likeness and vigorous coloring. In 1846, he became a member of the Nat. Acad. of Design. Among his best portraits are those of Fletcher Harper, J. F. Cooper, Church and Durand, the artists, Gov. Morgan, and Col. Colt. Elliott, CHARLES WYLLYS, author, b. Guilford, Ct., May 27, 1817 ; 5th in lineal de scent from the " Apostle " Eliot. After some years of mercantile life in N.Y. City, he in 1838-9 studied horticulture and landscape- gardening with A. J. Downing, at Newburgh, and from 1840 to 1848 practised these pursuits at Cincinnati. Since 1850, he has resided in N.Y. He was one of the founders and first trustees of the " Children s Aid Society" in 1853. In 1857, he was app. one of the corn- mis, for laying out the N.Y. Central Park. He has pub. " Mysteries, or Glimpses of the Supernatural," an attempt to refute Spiritual ism, 12mo, 1854 ; " St. Domingo, its Revolution and its Hero, Toussaint L Ouverture," 12mo, 1855; " The New-England History, from the Discovery of the Continent by the Northmen, A.D. 986 to 1776," 2 vols., 8vo, 1857 ; "Cot tages and Cottage Life," 8vo, 1848. Elliott, JAMES, M.C. from Vt., 1803-9, b. 1775; d. Newfane, Vt., 10 Nov. 1839. He was self-taugfit ; served under Gen. Wayne in the North-western campaigns of 1793-6, as a non-commissioned officer; was a clerk in a country-store at Guilford, Vt., and, while pre paring for the bar, wrote in verse and prose for the Greenfield Gazette, Dennie s Farmer s Mu seum, and other papers. He resided a short time in Phila., where he edited the Freeman s Journal. Returning to Brattleboro , Vt., he established himself in the practice of law, and held several important State offices. He pub. at Greenfield, Ms., in 1796, a vol. of poetry and prose. SAMUEL, a younger bro., was also a writer, and a practitioner at the Brattleboro bar. See Buckingham s Reminiscences, ii. Elliott, JESSE DUNCAN, commodore U. S. N., b. Md., July 14, 1782; d. Phila., Dec. 10, 1845. Educated at Carlisle, Pa., and studied law. Midshipm. Apr. 1804; lieut. Apr. 23, 1810; master, July 24, 1813; capt. March 27, 1818. He served in " The Essex," Capt. Bar- ron, during the Tripolitan war, and in that of 1812-15, served on the lakes, under Chaun- cey and Perry. Oct. 8, 1812, a boat exped. was organized under his com. on Lake Erie, for the capture of the British brigs "Detroit" and " Caledonia." They were boarded and captured with slight loss. For this exploit, he was presented by Congress with a sword. In the attack upon York, U.C,, July 24, 1813, he com. " The Madison," and was highly com mended. In Perry s famous victory on Lake Erie,Sept. 10,1813, Elliott com." The Niagara," 20 guns, and for his conduct received a gold medal from Congress. A court-martial, app. at his request in consequence of insinuations to his disparagement, pronounced him " a brave and skilful officer. He succeeded Perry in the com. on Lake Erie, in Oct. 1813 ; joined Decatur s Mediterranean squadron, in the sloop "Ontario," early in 1815; from 1817 to 1824 was a commiss. to select sites for dockyards, light-houses, and fortifications for the coast of N.C. ; com. the W. India squad., in 1829-32 ; in 1833 took charge of the Charlestown Navy- Yard, and afterward, in " The Constitution," cruised several years in the Mediterranean. On his return, he was court-martialled, and sus pended four years. A part of this sentence was remitted, and in 1844 he was app. to the Phila. Navy-Yard. He was, though a man of kind feelings,a rigid disciplinarian. A " biographical notice " of him, " by a citizen of New York," was pub. Phila., 12mo, 1835. Elliott, JONATHAN, publicist, b. near Car lisle, Eng., 1784; d. Washington, March 12, 1846. Eraig. to N.Y. ab, 1802. He was a printer, when in 1810 he vol. to assist in the establishment of the independence of New Granada, and was in several engagements un der Bolivar, in one of which he was severely wounded. He was taken prisoner at the sur render of Gen. Miranda, in 1812, and suffered many hardships, but returned to the U.S. in 1813, and served in the Amer. army in the War of 1812-15. In 1814, he located himself in Washington, and edited with ability, during 13 years, the Washington Gazette. Author of "The American Diplomatic Code," 1827 ; " Debates on the Adoption of the Constitution," 1827-30; " Funding System of the U.S.," " Statistics of the U. S.," &c. ; " The Comparative Tar iffs," " Sketches of the District of Columbia," 1830. He also edited the "Madison Papers," 8vo, 1845. Elliott, STEPHEN, LL.D.fY.C. 1819), bot anist, b. Beaufort, S.C., Nov. 11, 1771 ; d. Charleston, March 28, 1830. Y. C. 1791. He applied himself to the improvement of his es tate and the cultivation of letters ; was chosen to the legisl. at 22, continuing to serve until he became pros, of the State Bank, established in 1812. In 1813, he founded the Literary and Philosoph. Soc. of S.C., delivering in 1814 the first annual address, and subsequently a course of lectures on botany. Chief editor of the Southern Review. He pub. "Botany of S.C. and Georgia," 2 vols., 1821-4; was pres. of several literary and scientific societies, and prof, of natural history and botany in the State Med. Coll., which he was instrumental in es tablishing in 1825. Elliott, STEPHEN, D.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of Ga., son of the preceding, b. Beaufort, S.C., Nov. 13, 1805; d. Savannah, Dec. 21, 1866. Col. Coll., S.C., 1825; H.U. 1824. He prac tised law in Charleston and Beaufort until 1833 ; was ord. deacon in 1835 ; priest. Julv 22, 1838 ; and consec. bishop, Feb. 28, 1841. Prof, of the Evidences of Christianity and Sacred "Literature in S.C. Coll. 1835-40. Elliott, STEPHEN, JUN., brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Beaufort, S.C., 1832; d. Aiken, S.C., 21 Mar. 1866. In 1861, he raised and equipped the Beaufort Artillery ; at Pinckney Island, Aug. 1862, he com. 3 batteries, and was pro moted for gallantry ; com. Fort Sumter during its long bomb., and in July, 1864, was wounded by the explosion of a mine under his quarters. ELL KLL Elliot, WASHINGTON L., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. ; app. 2d lieut. mounted rifles, May 27, 1846 ; 1st lieut. July, 1847 ; capt. July, 1854 ; maj. 1st cav. Feb. 1862 ; lieut.-col. Aug. 31, 1866. lie disting. himself in conflicts with the Navajoes in New Mexico, Sept. 1858; brig.-gen. vols. June 11, 1862; engaged at Springfield -and Wilson s Creek; col. 2cl Iowa cav. Sept. 1861 ; com. cav. brigade at New Ma drid, Island No. 10, Corinth, and raid on Ohio and Miss. R. R. ; chief of cav,, Army of Va., and wounded at second battle of Bull Run ; chief of cav., Army of the Cumberland ; in the At lanta campaign, and pursuit of Hood; com. division 4th corps, Dec. 1864 to Apr. 1865; en gaged in battles around Nashville, Tenn., for which he was brev. brig.-gen. U.S. A., and brev. maj.-geu for gallant services in the war. Au thor of " Manual for Cavalry." Henry. Elliott, WILLIAM, author and politician, b. Beaufort, S.C., April 27, 1788; d. there Feb. 1863. H. U. 1809. His father, William, (b. 1761, d. 180S), joined in the patriotic strug gle against the mother-country, along with his uncles John, Edward, and Robert Barn well. At the surprise on John s Island, he was dan gerously wounded, taken prisr., and immured in a prison-ship. He served in both branches of the legisl. The son devoted himself for many years to the management of his estates, and served with credit in both branches of the State legisl. During* the nullification crisis of 1832, he resigned his State senatorship upon being instructed by his constituents to vote to nullify the tariff-law. He pub. in 1851 letters against secession, signed " Agricola." Con- trib. largely to the periodical press of the South; pub. an "Address before the St. Paul s Agricultural Society," 1850; " Carolina Sports by Land and Water," 1856; " Fiesco," a trage dy, printed for the author in 1850, and a number of occasional poems of merit. Elliot, WILLIAM, lawyer, b. Marblehead, Ms., Aug. 17, 1803. Dartm. Coll. 1826. He practised law in Marblehead, Boston, and at Lewiston, 111., in 1832; postmaster there in 1832-7; master in chancery, 1835-50; State s atty., 5th judicial district, 1838-48; has pub. " Visions of Quevedo," translated from the Spanish. Alumni D. C. Ellis, GEORGE EDWARD, D.D. (H. U. 1857), Unitarian clergyman and author, b. Boston, Aug. 8, 1814. H.U. 1833; Camb. Div. School, 1836. Mar. 11, 1840, he was ord. pastor of the Harvard Church, Charlestown, Ms. ; resigned 22 Feb. 1869. He wrote for " Sparks s Amer. Biog." Lives of John Mason, Anne Hutchinson, and Wm. Penn ; in 1857 pub " The Half-Century of the Unitarian Con troversy ; " was some time editor of the Christian Register, and for some years conducted, with Rev. George Putnam, the Christian Examiner. He has contrib. to various periodicals, includ ing the N. Y. Review, the North American, and the Atlantic Monthly, chiefly upon topics of American history. Prof, o f doctrinal theolo gy in the Camb. Divinity School, 1857-63. A prominent memberof the Ms. Hist. Soc., and ac tive in antiquarian researches. He is also a zeal ous friend of popular education, having spoken and written much for common schools, and has published many sermons, addre; BCS, and pam- phlets. In 1864, he gave a course of Lowell Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity. Author of " The Aims and Purposes of the Founders of Ms.," 1869. In 1871, he wrote the Life of Count Rumford to accompany a complete edition of the works of that distin guished philosopher, pub. in 4 vols., by the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, of which he is a fellow. Ellis, HENRY, F.R.S., explorer, b. Eng., 1721; d. 21 Jan. 1806. Educated to the law at the Temple, Lond. In May, 1746, he went out as agent of a company for the discovery of a north-west passage. After extinguishing with difficulty a fire in his ship, he proceeded to Greenland ; exchanged commodities with the Esquimaux, July 8 ; proceeded to Fort Nelson ; wintered in Hayes River ; renewed his efforts in June, 1747, without success, and returning Oct. 14, pub. in 1748 the " Voyage made to Hudson s Bay in 1746-7, by the* Dobbs Gal ley and The California, to discover a North-west Passage," &c. Ellis was rewarded for his services by being made lieut.-gov. of Georgia, 15 Aug. 1756 ; arrived at Savannah, 16 Feb. 1757, and May 17, 1758, was made gov .-in-chief. His services to the Colony were great, and he was highly esteemed : but the climate was injurious to his health ; and he left the Province, Nov. 2, 1760. He was gov. of Nova Scotia in 1761-4. He afterward resided in Italy, principally occupied in scientific re searches. His " Voyage " contains much valuable information. JOHN ELLIS, F.R.S., agent for West Florida and Dominican, d. Oct. 18, 1776. Ellis, JOHN WILLIS, politician, b. Rowan, N.C., Nov. 25, 1820 ; d. Raleigh, 1861. U. of N.C. 1841. He studied law; was a member of the House of Commons in 1 844-8 ; then became judge- of the Superior Courts of Law and Equity, and was gov. of N.C. from 1859 till his death. Active in promoting the seces sion of his State. Ellis, POWHATAN, lawyer and politician, b. Va. Wm. andM. Coll. l8i3. He removed to Mpi., where he practised law ; became a judge of the Supreme Court ; U.S. senator in 1825 and in 1827-33 ; charge* d affaires to Mexico in 1836-9, and minister to Mexico in 1839-42. Ellsworth, EPHRAIM ELMER, col. U.S. vols., b. Mechanicsville, N.Y., Apr. 23, 1837 ; killed at Alexandria, Va., May 24, 1861. He found mercantile employment in Troy, in N.Y., and finally in Chicago, where, as a patent-soli citor, he acquired a good inccme. Engaging in the study of law, he gratified also his mili tary predilections, and formed a Zouave corps in Chicago. They visited the Eastern cities in July, 1860, and excited universal admiration. He organized a Zouave regt. on his return to Chicago, where he was a zealous advocate also for the election of Mr. Lincoln, whom he ac- comp. to Washington. In April, 1861, he organized a Zouave regt. from the N.Y. fire- dept., and in 3 weeks led them into Wash ington. Ordered to Alexandria, they entered that city early in the morning of the 24th of May. Seeing a secession flag flying over the 304 Marshall House, he with two companions en tered the house, and took it down. As he descended from the roof, the proprietor, Jackson, shot him, falling himself the next instant by a ball from Brownell, one of Ellsworth s com panions. Ellsworth, HENRY LEAVITT, agricul turist, son of Chief-Justice E., b. Windsor, Ct., Nov. 10, 1791; d. Fairhaven, Ct., Dec. 27, 1858. Y.C. 1810. After studying law with Judge Gould at Litchfield, he settled at Wind sor, but in a few years removed to Hartford, where he remained 8 or 10 years, when he was app. resident commiss. among the Indian tribes to the south and west of Ark. U.S. commiss. of patents, 4 July, 1836-May, 1845. In this post, his labors were of great importance ; and his series of reports to Congress on the agricul ture of the country led to great improvements in that science. He then established himself at Lafayette, Ind., in the purchase and settle ment of U.S. land. In 1857, he returned to Ct. Author of " Digest of Patents, from 1770 to 1839," 8vo, 1840. Hist. Magazine, iii., 94. Ellsworth, HENRY WILLIAM, lawyer, author, and charge d affaires to Sweden, 1845- 50, b. Winclsor/Ct., 1814; d. N. Haven, Aug. 1864. Y.C. 1834. Son of Henry L. He studied in the N. Haven Law School ; removed to Ind. in 1835, and after 1850 was counsel for S. B. F. Morse in suits connected with his teleg. patents. Author of " Sketches of the Upper Wabush Valley, Ind.," 8vo, N.Y., 1838. Contrib. to the Knickerbocker Ufag., &c. See Poets and Poetry of the West. Ellsworth, MRS. MARY W., author, d. Newton, Ms., 15 Aug. 1870. See Janvrin. Ellsworth, OLIVER, LL.D. (Y.C. 1790), chief-justice of the U.S., b. Windsor, Ct., Apr. 29, 1745 ; d. there Nov. 26, 1807. N.J. Coll. 1766. His father was a farmer. Adm. to the bar in 1771, he commenced practice at Hartford, and acquired in a few years a high professional rep utation, and was app. State-atty. As a mem ber of the gen. assembly of Ct.,"he took a large share in all the Revol. political discussions and measures. In 1777-80, he was a delegate to Congress. In 1780, he became a member of the council of Ct., and in 1784 was app. a judge of the Superior Court. In 1787, he was a delegate to the convention for framing the Federal Constitution. It is believed that the present organization and mode of app. of the senate were suggested by him. Other duties calling him away, his name is not among the signers of the Constitution, which was adopted, but he approved the work, and warmly sup ported it in the State convention. U.S. senator, 1789-95. He drew up the bill organizing the judiciary, and took a prominent part in mostof the great questions of politics or public economy. In March, 1796, Washington app. him chief- justice of the U. S. Sup. Court. At the close of the year 1799, Davie, Wm. Van Murray, and himself were sent envoys to France to adjust those differences which had assumed the character of war. The convention which they concluded with the French Govt. obtained the assent of the pres. and senate. In 1802, he entered again into the council of the State, and in 1807 was elected its chief-justice, but declined the station. Ellsworth, WILLIAM WOLCOTT, LL.D. (U. of N.Y. 1838), jurist, twin bro. of Ilenry L., and son of Chief-Justice Oliver, b. Wind sor, Ct.,Nov. 10, 1791 ; d. Hartford, Ct., Jan. 15, 1868. Y. C. 1810. Studied law; practised with success from 1813 to 1829 ; was a prof, of that science in Trinity College from 1827 till his death ; M. C. 1829-33 ; gov. 1838-42, and was a judge of the Sup. Court of the State from 1847 to 1861. He twice declined an elec tion to the U.S. senate from unwillingness to be drawn farther away from his cherished pro fession. Y. C. Obit. Record. Elmer, EBENEZER, the last surviving Revol. officer of N.J., b. Cedarville, N.J., 1752; d. Bridgeton, Oct. 13, 1843. Grandson of Rev. Daniel Elmer. After receiving a classi cal education, he studied medicine with his brother Dr. Jonathan, but in 1775 entered the army as an ensign, which in 1 777 he resigned for the appointment of surgeon 2d N.J. regt. He practised physic at Bridgeton after the war ; in 1789 was elected a member of the Assembly, in which he served several years ; speaker in 1791 and 5 ; was M. C. 1801-7; many years brig. -gen. of militia ; vice-president Burlington Coll. 1808-17 and 1822-32. Elmer, JONATHAN, physician, magistrate, and senator, b. Cumberland Co., N.J., 1745; d. Burlington, 1817. U, of Pa. Brother of Ebenezer. He practised physic with reputa tion in his native county ; was a sheriff, a sur rogate, and a judge during the Revol. ; was a member of the Cont. Congress in 1776-8, 1781- 4, and 1787, and a U.S. senator in 1789-91. Member of the Philos. Society. Elmer, Lucius Q. C., LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1865), jurist, b. Bridgeton, N.J., 1793. N.J. Coll. 1824. Educated a lawyer, and practised in his native town. For many years, he was State prosecutor ; was in the Assembly in 1820-3, in the latter year its speaker; U.S. atty. for N.J. in 1824-9 ; M.C. 1843-5 ; atty.- gen. 1850-2, and in 1852-9 was one of the justices of the Sup. Court of the State. He pub. " Digest of the Laws of N.J," Bridgeton, 8vo, 1838. Elmore, FRANKLIN HARPER, senator, b. Laurens Dist., S.C., 1799; d. Washington, May 29, 1850. S.C. Coll. 1819. Adm. to the bar in 1821 ; in 1822-36 was solicitor of the Southern Circuit ; M.C. 1837-9 ; U.S. senator to fill the vacancy occasioned by the d. of Cal- houn. Selected in 1838 by the S. C. Cong, delegation to obtain authentic information con cerning the antislavery movement, the letters which passed between him and James G. Bir- ney were printed, and went through many edi tions under the title of the " Elmore Corresp." Pres. State Bank of S.C. 1839-50. Elmsley, JOHN, chief-justice of Canada, b. Eng., 1763; d. Montreal, April 29,1805. Nephew of the celebrated Lond. bookseller of the same name. He had been speaker of the legisl. and a member of the exec, council; app. chief-justice, Oct. 13, 1802, having previously served as a puisne judge in U." Canada. - - Af organ. Elphinstone, GEORGE KEITH, Viscount, 805 EIVIE a British adm., b. 1747 ; d. March, 1823. He was made com. in 1772 ; post-captain in 1775 ; adm. of the white, 1805. During the Amer. war, he com. the "Pearl," frigate, 32 guns; was in the attack on Mud Island ; and at the capture of Charleston com. a detachment of seamen, and for his effective services obtained the warm commendation of Gen. Clinton. In 1782,he captured the French frigate "L Aigle," of 40 guns. In 1795, he was made vice-adm., and captured Cape Town. In 1802, he was com. -in-chief in the Mediterranean, where he took Malta and Genoa. For his services in Egypt, he was, in 1801, made Baron Keith; Viscount, 1814. Elton, ROMEO, D.D., LL.D., clergyman and scholar, b. Bristol,Ct., 1790 ; d. Boston, Feb. 5,1870. Brown U. 1813. He was ord. June 11, 1817, as a Baptist minister in Newport, R.I., and in 1824 at Windsor, Vt. ; in 1825 became prof, of ancient languages and literature in Brown U. Before entering upon this duty, he spent two years in Europe, principally in Ger many and Italy. Resigning in 1843, he in 1845-67 resided in Exeter, Eng., returning to the U.S. in 1869. Besides sermons, he pub. "Calender s Century Sermon ; " edited,with co pious notes and biog. sketches, " The Works of President Maxcy," with an introd. memoir; and a " Biog. Sketch of Roger Williams." D.D. of Nashville U., 1842. Some years one of the editors of the Eclectic Review. He be queathed 820,000 to Brown U., and the same sum to Columbia Coll., D.C., to found pro fessorships. Ely, EZRA STILES, D.D. (Wash. Coll. Tenn.), Presb. clergyman, b. Lebanon, Ct., June 13, 1786 ; d. Phila., June 17, 1861. Y.C. 1804. Son of Zebulon, minister of Lebanon from 1783 to hisd., Nov. 18, 1824, a. 65 (Y.C. 1779; tutor there, 1781-2.) In Oct. 1806, he became pastor in Colchester, Ct. ; was afterward city missionary in N.Y. ; was sub sequently, for 20 years, pastor of the Pine-st. Church, Phila., and in 1834 undertook to establish a coll. and theol. sera, in Mo., but, owing to the financial reverses of 1837, was unsuccessful. Pastor of the First Church in the Northern Liberties, Phila., from 1844 until the failure of his health in 1851 . Author of " Ely s Journal;" a "Collateral Bible," 1828; a memoir of his father; "Endless Punishment," 1835 ; " Conversations on the Science of the Human Mind," 1819 ; " Visits of Mercy ; " " Sermons on Faith ; " " Contrast between Calvinism and Hopkinsianism," 1811. For several years, he edited gratuitously a re ligious paper called the Philaddphian. Ob. Rec. Yale, 1861. Embury, EMMA CATHARINE, poetess, b. N. Y., 1806 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Feb. 10, 1863. Dau. of Dr. James R. Manly of N.Y. ; m. in 1828 to Daniel Embury of Brooklyn. She early became known as a writer of verses in the N. Y. Mirror and other journals, under the signature of " lanthe." She pub. " Guido and other Poems, by lanthe," 1828; on "Female Education;" "The Blind Girl and other Tales ; " " Pictures of Early Life ; " " Glimpses of Home-Life, or Causes and Consequences ; " " Nature s Gems, or American Wild Flowers," 1845; "Love s Token-Flowers," a vol. of poems, and in 1848 " The Waldorf Family." Duyckinck. Emerson, GEORGE BARRELL, LL.D. (H.U. 1859), teacher, b. Kennebunk, Me., Sept. 12, 1797. H.U. 1817. Son of Dr. Samuel, a surgeon in the Revol. war (b. Hollis, N.H., Sept. 6, 1765; d. Aug. 8, 1851. H.U. 1785). taught dist. schools in Me. and Ms. ; then took charge of an acad. at Lancaster, Ms. ; was tutor in math, and nat. philos. in H.U, from 1819 to 1821 ; in 1821-3 was principal of the English High School for boys in Boston, and from 1823, till his retirement from prof, life in 1855, kept a private school for girls there. Author of the second part of " The School and the Schoolmaster," and of a num ber of lectures on education, and of contribs. to the periodical press. Many years pres. of the Boston Soc. of Natural History, and, as chair man of the commiss. for the zool. and bot. survey of Ms., pub. a " Report on the Trees and Shrubs growing naturally in the Forests of Ms.," 1846. Emerson, RALPH, D.D (Y.C. 1830), b. Hollis, N.H., 18 Aug. 1787 ; d. Rockford, 111., 26 May, 1863. Y. C. 1811 ; And. Sem. 1814. Tutor "at Yale, 1814-16; pastor of a Cong. Church at Norfolk, Ct., 1816-29; prof. eccl. hist, and past, theol., And. Sem., 1829-54; resided in Newburyport 5 years, and then re moved to Rockford, 111. Author of a Life of his bro. Rev. Joseph Emerson, a transl., with notes, of Wiggins s " Augustinism and Pela- gianism," and a contrib. to Biblioth. Sacra, Christian Spectator, and other religious peri odicals. Y. C. Obit. Rec. Emerson, RALPH WALDO, LL.D. (H.U. 1866), essayist, b. Boston, May 25, 1803. H. U. 1821. Son of Rev. Wm. Emerson, and is the 8th in succession of a consecutive line of ministers. For 5 years after leaving coll., he was engaged in teaching school. In 1826, he was app. to preach by the Middlesex Assoc. From Mar. 11, 1829, to 28 Oct. 1832, he was coll. of Henry Ware at the 2d Unit. Church, Boston. Returning in the winter of 1833-4 from a year s visit to Europe, he began the career of a lecturer, in which he has gained great distinction. In 1834, he delivered in Boston a series of biographical lectures on Michael Angelo, Milton, Luther, George Fox, and Edmund Burke. The first two afterwards appeared in the N.A. Review. In Sept. 1835, he m. Lydia, dau. of Charles Jackson of Ply mouth, and fixed his residence at Concord, Ms. In 1840, he was a contrib. to a quarterly period ical, The Dial, the organ of the N.E. Tran- scendentalists, and, for the last two years of its existence, its editor. He again visited Eng. in 1847. .In 1852, he contrib. some admirable interpretative criticisms to the " Memoirs of Margaret Fuller." Mr. Emerson has delivered many unpublished addresses on slavery, wo man s rights, and other topics of public interest. " As a writer, Mr. Emerson is distinguished for a singular union of poetic imagination with practical acuteness. His style is condensed, almost to abruptness, occasionally purchasing compression at the expense of clearness." He has pub. " Essays," 1st series, 1841 ; 2d 306 series, 1844; " Poems," 1 846 ; "Miscellanies," (including "Nature," and 9 lectures and ad dresses), 1849; "Representative Men," 1850; " English Traits," 1856 ; " Conduct of Life," 1 860 ; " May-Day and other Poems," " Society and Solitude," 1869. An edition of his works was pub. in 2 vols., 1870, by Fields, Osgood, & Co. Emerson, WILLIAM, Unit, minister, futher of Ralph Waldo, b. Concord, Ms., May 6, 1769; d. May 12, 1811. H.U. 1789. Grandson of Rev. Joseph of Maiden, and son of Rev. Wm. of Concord, who d. a chaplain in the army in 1776. He became the first minister of Harvard, May 20, 1792, and from Oct. 16, 1799, to his death, was pastor of the First Church in Boston. He was one of the best writers, and most accomplished pulpit orators, of his time. In 1804 he conducted the Monthly Anthology. His numerous addresses on public occasions rank among the most cor rect and finished compositions of the period. His " History of the First Church of Boston " was pub., with two of his sermons annexed, 8vo, 1812, a "Selection of Psalms and Hymns," 1808. Emmet, THOMAS ADDIS, LL.D. (Col. Coll., N.Y., 1824). Politician and lawyer, brother of the celebrated Robert Emmet, b. Cork, 1764; d. N. Y., Nov. 14, 1827. Trin. Coll., Dub. Son of an eminent Dublin physi cian. Studied medicine at theTJ. of Edinburgh; then studied law at the Temple, London, two years, and was adm. to the Dublin bar in 1791, soon rising to distinction. He soon became a leader of the " United Irishmen," and was ojie of its gen. committee. Arrested with others in 1798, he was imprisoned in Fort George, Scot land, 21-2 years, and, after the treaty of Amiens, was permitted to withdraw to France, where his wife joined him. He arrived in Amer. Nov. 11, 1804, rose to eminence in his prof, in New York, and was atty -gen. of that State in 1812. While in prison in Scotland, he wrote " Pieces of Irish History, illustrative of the Condition of the Catholics of Ireland," pub. in connection with Dr. MacNevin, in 1807. He was a laborious, able, and success ful pleader, and an energetic and florid orator. See his Memoirs, by Charles G. Haynes, 12mo, 1829. Emmons, EBENEZER, M.D., geologist, b. Middlefield, Ms., May 16, 1799; d. Brunswick, N.C., Oct. 1, 1863. Wms. Coll. 1818. He studied and practised medicine successfully, ajid in 1833 became prof, of nat. hist, in Wms. Coll. Here he made important additions to the knowledge of the botany, geology, and mineralogy of the Northern States, and made a Report on the Quadrupeds of Ms. In 1 836, while engaged upon the geol. survey of N. Y., as one of the geologists in chief, he formed what he called his " Taconic " theory in opposition to the received theory of the Siluri ans. Opposed at first by all scientific men, his views came at length to be universally adopt ed. App. in 1838 prof, of chemistry in the Albany Med. Coll., and removed to that city. He pub. valuable reports on the " Natural History of New York," " Manual of Mineral ogy and Geology," 1826. In 1858-9, he was app. by thelegisl. of N.C. to conduct the geol, survey of that State. He was prevented from leaving the State when the Rebellion began, and was not permitted to correspond with his Northern friends. It is supposed that he was detained a prisoner on parole by the Confed. Govt. He pub. 3 reports on the Geology and Agriculture of N.C., in 1856, 1858, and 1860; also text-books of geology in 1854 and 1860. Emmons, GEORGE F., commo. U. S. N., b. Vt., Aug. 23, 1811. Midshipman, April 1, 1828 ; lieut. Feb. 25, 1841 ; com. Jan. 28,1856; capt. Feb. 7, 1863; commo. Sept. 20,1868. Attached to Wilkes s Expl. Exped., 1838-42 ; actively employed in Cal., and in several en gagements there during the Mexican war ; com. steamer " Hatteras," West Gulf squadron, 1862, steamer " R. B. Cuyler," same squad , 1863 ; captured Cedar Keys", Florida, 1862, and Pass Christian, Mpi., taking some 20 prizes, among them the rebel ram "Webb;" com. steam- sloop Lackawana, 1864-5, and prevented de struction of the city and shipping of N. Or leans by the rebels ; took charge of the hy- drographic office in 1870. Author of "Navy of the U.S.," 4to, 1853. Himersly s Records U. S. N. Emmons, NATHANAEL, D.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1798), theologian, b. East Haddam, Ct., May 1, 1745, O.S.; d. Franklin, Ms., Sept. 23,1840. Y. Coll. 1767. Pastor of the second church of Wrentham, now Franklin, from Apr. 1773 to 1827. His ability made him promi nent for half a century; and his opinions were extensively sought and quoted by persons en gaged in religious controversy. Six vols. of his works were pub. in 1842, edited by his son- in-law, Dr. Jacob Ide, with a memoir prefixed, and a list of 150 of his productions. Dr, E. belonged to the Hopkinsian school of divines, long held among them the first rank, and was one of the founders and first pres. of the Ms. Missionary Society. Emory, JOHN, D.D., bishop of the M.E. Church, b. Queen Anne s Co., Md., April 11, 1789; d. Baltimore Co., Md., Dec. 16, 1835. Wash. Coll., Md. Adm. to the bar in 1808. After practising a short time with success, he entered the Phila. M.E. Conf., in 1810, filled important stations in the church from 1813 to 1820, and was a delegate to every general conf. but one during his life. In 1820, he was a del egate to the British conf. In 1824, he became connected with the N.Y. Pub. Society, and pub. a " Defence of the Original Organization of the M. E. Church," defending the policy of Wesley and his associates. Chosen bishop in 1832. His death was caused by being thrown from his carriage. He assisted in the organi zation of the U. of N.Y., the Wesleyan U., and Dick. College, and prepared for them a benefi cial course of study. His writings, with a Life, by his son, app. in 1 vol., 8vo, 1841. Emory, ROBERT, clergyman, son of Bishop John, b. Phila., July 29, 1814; d. Baltimore, May 18, 1848. Col. Coll. 1831. After study ing law, he was from 1834 to 1839 prof, of an cient languages at Dick. College; then entered the Baltimore Annual Conf. of the Methodist- Episcopal Church, but was recalled in 1842 as pres. pro tern., and, on the resignation of Dr E1MO 307 Durbin, was chosen pres. of Dickinson Coll. Besides a life of his father, he left a " History of the Discipline of the M. E. Church," 1843, and an unfinished " Analysis of Butler s Anal ogy," completed by Rev. George Crooks in 1856, and introduced as a text-book into many institutions of learning. Emory, WILLIAM HELMSLET, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. Queen Anne s Co., Md., ab. 1812. West Point, 1831. Entering the 4th Art., he resigned Sept. 30, 1836 ; app. 1st. lieut. topog. engineers, 7 July, 1838; acted as aide- de-camp to Gen. Kearney in Cal. in 1846-7; was brev. capt. for gallantry at San Pasqual, Dec. 6, 1846, and maj. for gallantry at San Ga briel and the plains of Mesa, Cal., Jan. 9, 1847; app. maj. 3d. Dragoons, 9 Apr. 1847, but de clined ; lieut.-col. vols. in the Mexican war, Sept. 30, 1847 : astronomer to the commiss. to survey the boundary between the U.S. and Mexico, in 1848-50; became capt. 24 April, 1851 ; again astronomer to the same commiss. in Sept. 1851 ; member of the commiss. 1854-7 ; maj. 2d Cav. March 3, 1855, and in May was transferred to 1st Cavalry. When the civil war broke out, he was serving in New Mexico, brought his command in good order to Kansas, and was app., May 14, 1861, lieut.-col. 6th Cav. He served in the Peninsular campaign in the Army of the Potomac ; became brig.-gen. of vols. March 17, 1862, and Dec. 5, sailed from Fortress Monroe in com. of a division of a Southern exped. He com. a division of Banks s army at Port Hudson, Sabine Cross-Roads, and Pleasant Hill ; and in Sheridan s campaign against Early in the Shenandoah Valley com. the 19th corps; brev. col. 27 May, 1862, for Hanover C. H., Va. ; col. 5th Cav. Oct. 27, 1863; brev. brig, and maj. gen. U. S. A. 13 Mar. 1865, for Fisher s Hill and campaign of Shenandoah Valley, and for Cedar Creek ; maj. -gen. vols 25 Sept. 1865. Author of " Notes of a Military Reconnoissance in Mo. and Cal.," N. Y., 8vo, 1 848 ; " Notes of Travel in California," 8vo, N.Y. ; " Report of the U.S. and Mexican Boundary Commission," Washington, 4to. Emott, JAMES, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1833), judge, b. Poughkeepsie, N.Y., March 14, 1771; d. there April 10, 1850. Un. Coll. 1800. He began to practise law at Ballston Centre ; re moved to Albany ab. 1 800 ; was a commission er to settle disputes concerning titles to lands in the military tract of Onondaga Co. in 1797 ; represented Albany Co. in the legisl. in 1804 ; practised law a while inN.Y.City, but returned to Poughkeepsie; from 1809 to 1813, he was a leader of the Federalist party in Congress; speaker of the N.Y. legisl. in 1814 ; member of that body until 1817 ; first judge of Duch ess Co. in 1817-23, and judge of the Second Circuit in 1827-31. Endecott, JOHN, gov. of Ms. Colony, b. Dorchester, Eng., 1588; d. Boston, March 15, 1665. He m. a cousin of Mathew Craclock, gov. of the Ms. comp. in Eng., and was bro.- in-law to Roger Lndlow, dep.-gov. Sent to this country as their agent to carry on the set tlement at Naumkeag, or Salem : he arrived Sept. 6, 1628, and there laid the foundation of the first permanent town in Ms. In April, 1629, the comp. chose him gov. of London s Plantation, but in Aug. the charter and the govt. of the Colony was transferred to N.E. , and Winthrop, who arrived in 1630, was app. gov. In 1636, he was sent on an exped. against the Indians on Block Island and in the Pe- quot country. During this year, the military commissioners adopted his views relative to the cross in the king s colors, namely, that it savored of Popery, and ordered it to be left out. He was dep.-gov. in 1641-3, gov. in 1644, when he removed from Salem to Boston, and from 1649 until his death in 1665, except ing in 1650 and 1654, when he was dep.-gov. In 1645, he was made sergeant major-gen, of Ms., the highest military office in the Colony. In 1652, he established a mint, which, though unlawful, continued to coin money more than 30 years. In 1658, he was made pres. of the colonial commissioners. He was a man of good education, talented, brave, and patriotic, but deeply imbued with the intolerance of his times. Under his administration, the Colony flourished greatly. England, JOHN, D.D., R.C. bishop, b. Cork, Ireland, Sept. 23, 1786 ; d. Charleston, S.C., April 11, 1842. He entered Carlow Coll. in 1803, and while there founded a female peni tentiary, and poor schools for both sexes. Adm. to orders at Cork, Oct. 9, 1808, he was soon after app. lecturer at the North Chapel, and chaplain of the prisons ; began in 1 809 to pub. the Religious Repertory, a monthly ; and in 1812 distinguished himself in the cause of Catholic emancipation. The freedom of his language more than once brought him before the courts ; and on one occasion he was fined 500. He was app. pres. of the Coll. of St. Mary ; also filled the office of bishop s sec.; per formed the ordinary duties of the ministry, and in 1817 was made parish priest of Bran don. Raised to the episcopate Sept. 21, 1820, he came in Dec. to Charleston, S.C., where he established a theol. sem., and a journal, The Catholic Miscellany, the first Catholic paper pub. in America. In 1826, at the request of Congress, he preached before the senate at Washington. In 1832, he travelled in Europe, and spent some time in Rome, when the pope app. him apostolic legate to Hayti. His works were pub. in 1849, in 5 vols., 8vo, edited by Bishop Reynolds. England, SIR RICHARD, a British lieut.- gen. of Litford, Co. Clare, Ireland ; d. Nov. 7, 1812. Capt. of the47th regt., and wounded at Bunker s Hill. He served with distinction through the war, and at one time was com mandant of Detroit. He was efficient in aid ing the colonization of the extreme western portion of Upper Canada. Engle, FREDERICK, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Delaware Co., Pa., 1799 ; d. Phila., Feb. 12, 1868. Midshipman, Nov. 30, 1814; lieut. Jan. 13, 1825 ; com. Sept. 8, 1841 ; capt. Sept, 14, 1855 ; rear-adm., retired list, 25 July, 1866. Com. " The Princeton," during the Mexican war, and rendered disting. service in the blockad ing squadron. During the Rebellion, he com. "The Hartford," but, from advanced age, was assigned to the command of the Phila. N.-Y., and was subsequently gov. of the nav. asylum. 308 EKl Engles, WILLIAM MORRISON, D.D.,Presb. clergyman and author, b. Phila., 12 Oct. 1797 ; d. there 27 Nov. 1867. U. of Pa. 1815 Li censed to preach Oct. 1818. Pastor 7th Presb. Church, Phila., 1820-34. Edited the Presbyte rian from 1834 till his death. Book editor of the Presb. Board of Pub. 1838-63 ; pres. of the board, 1863-7. He pub. " Records of the Presb. Church," " Bible Dictionary/ " Book of Poetry," " Sailor s Companion," " Sick- Room Devotions," " Soldier s Pocket-Book." English, GEORGE BETHUNE, author and adventurer, b. Cambridge, Mar. 7, 1787; d. Washington, Sept. 20, 1828. H.U. 1807. Stud ied law and subsequently divinity. He pub. in 1813 "Grounds of Christianity examined," a work in favor of Judaism, which was answered by Edward Everett and by S. Cary. He edited, for a time, a Western paper, then sailed to the Mediterranean as a lieut. of marines, but re signed his commission, professed Mohammed anism, and accepted a com. under Ibrahim Pacha in the Egyptian army, then organizing for the conquest of Abyssinia, performing im portant service as an officer of artillery. He was afterward U.S. agent in the Mediterranean, and in 1827 returned to Washington, where he sought an app., but without success. He pub., beside the above, Letter to Mr. Cary, on the Review of his work ; " Five Smooth Stones out of the Brook," a reply to Everett ; Letter to Mr. Channing regarding his two sermons on infidelity ; and " Expedition to Dongola and Sennaar," 8vo, 1823. He had a versatile genius, and especially excelled in acquiring languages. At Marseilles, he passed for a Turk, with a Turkish ambassador ; and at Washington, he surprised a delegation of Cherokees, by disput ing with them in their own tongue. See S, L. Knapp s Ainer. Biog. English, JAMES E., politician, b. N.Haven, Ct., March, 1812. He was a merchant until 1855, when he became extensively engaged in manufacturing. Member of the State legisl. in 1855, and of the senate in 1856 ; M. C. 1861-5 ; gov. of Ct. 1867, and 70-1. English, THOMAS DUNN, author, b. Phila., June 29, 1819. He received the degree of M.D. from the U. of Pa., in 1839, and, having subsequently studied law, was in 1842 adm. to the bar. He has written a novel entitled "Walter Woolfe," 1844, and has edited and contrib. to a variety of journals and magazines. Ab. 1842, he wrote for the N. Y. Mirror the song of " Ben Bolt." In 1848, he edited a hu morous periodical entitled the John Donkey, and, in conjunction with G. G. Foster, a work on the French Revol. of that date. He has written a series of national ballads for Harper s Mac/azine, and is the author of numerous dra mas, one of which, " The Mormons," has been printed. In 1855, he pub. a collection of his miscellaneous poems. He resides near N.Y., and is connected with the press of that city. Enos, GEN. ROGER ; d. Colchester, Vt, Oct. 6, 1808, a. 72. He was a col. in the Revol. army in 1775, and com. the rear division of Arnold s exped. to Quebec, through the wilderness of Me., but abandoned it, and re turned to Cambridge to avoid starvation. In 781, he com. the Vt. troops at Castleton. He was a maj.-gen. of militia, and a founder of the State of Vt. Ira Allen m. his dau. Vt. Quarterly Gazetteer, 764. Eppes, JOHN W., M. C. 1803-11 and 1813-15; U. S. senator, 1817-19; d. near Richmond, Va., Sept. 1823, a. 50. His wife, Maria, dau. of Jefferson, d. Apr. 1804. Ran dall s Jefferson. Ercilla Y Zuniga (er-thel -ya, e thoon- yee -ga), DON ALONZO DE, Spanish soldier and poet, 1533-95. Brought up at the court of Charles V., he joined the exped. sent to Chili in 1554, and celebrated the dangerous contest with the Araucanians, a native tribe, in an admirable epic entitled "La Araucana," written at brief intervals from active duty, on scraps of paper, and bits of leather, and first printed in 1577. Eric the Red, a Scandinavian navigator, the reputed discoverer of N. America. He emigrated to Iceland, ab. 982 A.D., after which he discovered Greenland, where he planted a colony. He sent out, ab. 1000 A.D., an ex ploring party, under his son Lief, who discov ered a continent, part of which they called Markland, and another part Vinland (supposed to correspond to the southern portion of New England). Tradition adds, that he or his son formed a settlement in Vinland. EriCSSOn, JOHN, LL.D. (Wesl. U. 1862), inventor, b. province of Vermeland, Sweden, 1803; now (1872) resides in N.Y. City. At the age of 11, Count Platen gave him a cadet- ship in a corps of engineers; and in 1816 he was employed on the grand ship-canal between the Baltic and the North Sea. He entered the Swedish army as ensign, rose to the grade of lieut., and was for some time employed in the survey of Northern Sweden. One of the ear liest of his inventions was the flame engine, intended to work independently of steam, by condensing flame. Visiting Eng. in 1826, he discovered that this engine, when worked by mineral fuel, was a total failure. Devoting himself to mechanical pursuits, he invented the steam-boiler on the principle of artificial draft. In 1829, he competed for the prize offered by the Liverpool and Manchester Rail way for the best locomotive, and produced an engine that attained the then incredible speed of fifty miles an hour. This led him to construct a steam fire-engine with entire suc cess. Directing his attention to navigation, he invented the propeller, and that new arrangement of the steam-machinery in ships-of-war which has revolutionized the navies of the world. Not succeeding in making the British admi ralty believe what they saw, he came in 1 839 to N.Y., and in 1841 was employed in the con struction of the U.S. ship-of-war " Princeton " on the very plan which had been received with such indifference by the British admiralty. She was the first steamship ever built with the propelling machinery under the water-line, and out of the reach of shot ; and she was disting. for numerous other mechanical novelties. In 1852, he was made Knight of the Order of Vasa, by King Oscar of Sweden-. The same year, he brought out a new form of caloric-engine in the ship " Ericsson." During his residence in the U.S., he invented semi- 309 ESX cylindrical engine, centrifugal blowers, besides sume improvements in managing guns, applied to the steamer "Princeton" with success. In the American dept. of the Great Exhibition of 1851, he exhibited an instrument for measuring distances at sea ; the hydrostatic gauge, for measuring the volume of fluids under pres sure ; the reciprocating fluid-meter, the alarm barometer, the pyrometer, the rotary fluid- meter, and the sea-lead, of all of which instru ments he has given a brief explanation in a pamphlet pub. in 1851. For these he re ceived the prize medal of the Exhibition. Ericsson s caloric-engine was first placed before the scientific world in London, 1833. Its advantages over steam are economy of space, economy of first cost, economy of fuel, of repairs and running-expenses, simplicity, safety, and power. His last great invention, the iron-clad " Monitor/ had just been com pleted, and arrived at Fortress Monroe most opportunely, Mar. 9, 1862, to stay the devastat ing progress of the rebel iron-clad, "Merri- mack." The result of this contest settled the question of " wooden" navies. Capt. Ericsson was the first to bring the system of iron turret ships into operation. Erskine, DAVID MONTAGUE, Baron, en voy and minister to the U.S., 1806-10; d. March 19, 1855, aged 78. Son of the cele brated Lord Thomas. Adm. to the bar in 1 802, and in Feb. 1 806 was returned to par liament for Portsmouth. He m. in 1800 a dau. of Gen. John Cadwallader of Phila. He succeeded to the peerage on the d. of his father in 1823. He had been minister-pleni potentiary to Bavaria. Erskine, ROBERT, F.R.S., geographer and surveyor-gen, to the army of the U.S. Son of Rev. Ralph of Dunfermline, Scotland, b. 7 Sept. 1735 ; d. 2 Oct. 1780. Ins. on tomb stone at R/ .nywood, Passaic Co., N.J. Erskine, SIR WILLIAM, a British gen., bart. of Torrie, b. 1728; d. March 9, 1795. Entered the Scots Greys in 1743 ; was a cornet in his father s regt. at Fontenoy ; maj. 15th Light Dragoons in March, 1759, and served with credit in Germany ; lieut.-col. March 29, 1762; app. brig.-gen. in Amer. in 1776; com. the 7th brigade in the battle of Brooklyn Heights ; second in com. of Tryon s marauding exped. to Danbury, Ct., in April, 1777; app. quartermaster-gen, in Dec. 1777; col. 80th regt., and aide-de-camp to the king ; com. the eastern dist. of L.I. in the winter of 1778-9; became maj. -gen. in 1779; lieut.-gen. Sept. 1787; bart. June, 1791 ; second in com. to the Duke of York, in Flanders, in 1793-5. Es teemed for his social and military qualities, and in Germany approved himself a brilliant cavalry officer. Erving, GEORGE W., diplomatist, b. Boston, 1771; d. N.Y., July, 1850. George, his father, a loyalist merchant of Boston, went to Eng. with his family in 1776. The son was educated at Oxford, Eng., and, returning to his native country, was made consul to Lond. by Jefferson ; was sec. of legation to Spain in 1804; special minister to Denmark in 1811 ; and minister to Spain in 1814-19. Escalante d (dfis-ka-lan -ta), JDAN, one of Cortes principal officers in the conquest of Mexico in 1518. He com. the colony founded by Cortes at Vera Cruz, and was killed in a battle against a Mexican chief in 1519. Escobar, MARIA DE, b. Truxillo ; living in 1547. She was the wife of Diego de Chaves, one of the first conquerors of Peru. She followed her husband to Amer., shared the fatigues and dangers of the adventurous Span iards, and introduced the cultivation of corn and barley into the conquered country. Gonzalo Pizarro recompensed Donna Maria de Chaves by giving her a fine territory in the vicinity of Lima, together with the Indians upon it Nouv. Biog. Gen. Espy, JAMES P., meteorologist, b. Wash ington Co., Pa., May 9, 1785 ; d. Cincinnati, 0., Jan. 24, 1860. After some years study, he Eub. in 1841 "Philosophy of Storms." He ad before communicated to the British Assoc. a paper on " Storms," and another on the "Four Daily Fluctuations of the Barometer." In 1843, he was employed by the war dept. in the Washington Observatory to prosecute his in vestigations, and collate the reports from the different observers throughout the country. Several quarto vols. of this matter were pub. by the dept. Esquenaeling, JOHN, a buccaneer. Wrote in Dutch an account of the buccaneers of Amer., translated into English, and pub. Lond., 1684, 4to. Sir Henry Morgan obtained a verdict of 200 against the publisher for libel. Alii- bone. Estaing (des-tan[g ]), CHARLES HECTOR THEODAT, Count d , a French adm., b. Ravel, in Auvergne, 1729; guillotined at Paris, 28 Apr. 1794. Entering the Mousquetaires in 1745, he was col. of the regt. Rouergue in 1748, and brigadier in 1756. In 1757, he served in the fleet of Count d Ache, and in 1758 took Gondeleur and Fort St. David. Joining the E. India squadron, under Count Lally, he was taken prisoner at Madras in 1759, and, violat ing his parole, was captured a second time, and imprisoned at Portsmouth. In 1763, he was made lieut.-gen., and in 1778 vice-ad m. Em ployed in the Amer. war, he arrived in Dela ware Bay in July, 1778, made a demonstration against Newport in Aug., which obliged the British to destroy 6 of their frigates lying there ; but his fleet was so shattered by a storm as to be obliged to refit at Boston. In 1779, he sailed to the W. Indies, when he took St. Vincent and Granada, and had an indecisive engage ment with Adm. Byron. He invested Savan nah, 9 Oct. 1779, but lost the favorable op portunity for attack by giving the British time to complete their defences, under cover of a truce : he next ruined the enterprise by a pre cipitate attack, when he should have besieged in form. In this action, Pulaski was killed, and D Estaing wounded. He returned to France in 1780. In 1783, he com. the combined fleets of France and Spain, and was made a grandee of Spain of the first class. He favored the French Revol., was a member of the Notables in 1 787, com. the National Guards at Versailles in 1789, and was made adm., and put on the retired list, in 1792, but, falling under suspi cion of the Terrorists, was finally guillotined. ETJS 310 Eustace, JOHN SKEY, gen., b. Flushing, L.I., Aug. 10, 1760; d. Newburgh, N.Y., Aug. 25, 1805. Wm. and M. Coll. 1776. App. aide to Gen. Charles Lee in 1776; was afterwards aide to Sullivan and Greene; and having, by his spirit and address, made prisoner Col. Burton, Congress, Nov. 1777, resolved that John Skey Eustace be commissioned major for his bravery and faithful services. After the war, he re signed, and went to Ga., where he practised law, was adjutant-gen., and received other civil and military appointments. In 1794, he entered the French service ; was made aide-de-camp to Luckner, afterwards to Dumourier, attaining the grade of maj.-gen. and marckal-de-camp. He com. in 1797 a division of the French army in Flanders. In 1800, he returned to his na tive country, and led a studious and retired life in Orange Co., N.Y., till his death. Author of many pamphlets, and an account of his " Exile from Great Britain," Lond., 8vo, 1797. Eustis, ABRAHAM, brig.-gen. U. S. A., b. Boston, Mar. 28, 1786 ; d. Portland, June 27, 1843. H. U. 1804. Nephew of Gov. Eustis. He studied law in the office of his relative Chief- Justice Parker; was adm. to the bar in 1807, and opened an office in Boston. Capt. light art. May 3, 1808; major, March 15, 1810; com. his regt. in capture of York, U.C., Apr. 27, 1813; brev. lieut.-col., for meritorious ser vice, Sept. 10, 1813 ; lieut.-col. 4th Art. May 8, 1822 ; brevet brig.-gen. June 30, 1834 ; col. 1st Art. Nov. 17, 1834. His son HENRY LAW RENCE, prof, of engineering in the sci. school of H. U., and a brig.-gen. in the civil war. H U. 1838, and West Point (1st in class), 1842. Eustis, GEORGE, LL.D. ( H. U. 1849), ju rist, b. Boston, Oct. 20, 1796; d. N.Orleans, Dec. 23, 1858. H. U. 1815. Private sec. to his uncle, Gov. Eustis, then minister to the Hague, where he commenced his legal studies, and laid the foundation of his remarkable proficiency in the civil law. In 1817, he went to N. Orleans; was adm. to the bar in 1822 ; was several times elected to the State legisl.; was sec. of State, and, as a leading commissioner of the Board of Currency, instituted reforms which added sta bility to the currency of the State. He was also atty.-gen. of La. and a justice, and afterwards chief-justice of the Supreme Court until 1852 ; member of the Const. Conv. of 1845. Eustis, WM., LL.D. (H. U. 1823), physi cian and politician, b. Cambridge, Ms., June 10, 1753 ; d. Boston, Feb. 6, 1825. H. U. 1772. Having studied medicine under Dr. Warren, he entered the Revol. army as a regimental sur geon, serving throughout the war in that capa city, or as a hospital surgeon, being for some years stationed at the house of Col. Beverly Robinson, opposite West Point, in which Ar nold had his headquarters. After the war, he practised his prof, in Boston. He was a sur geon in the exped. against the insurgents un der Shays, in 1786-7; member of the State legisl. from 1788 to 1794; was two years a councillor under Gov. Sullivan; M. C. 1800- 5 and 1820-3; sec. of war from 1809 until Hull s surrender, in 1812, when he resigned; app. minister to Holland in 1814, and gov. of Ms. in 1824, dying while in office. He ra. Ca roline, dau. of Woodbury Langdon of Ports mouth, N. H. Evans, AUGUSTA J., novelist, b. near Co lumbus, Ga., 1836. When a child, her father removed to Texas, residing in San Antonio from 1847 till 1849, when the family settled in Mobile. In her 17th year, she wrote " Inez, a Tale of the Alamo ; " but her fame was estab lished by her "Beulah," in 1859, a novel of great power and vivid interest. Also author of " St. Elmo," 1866 ; " Macaria," 1864 ; " Vash- ti," 1869. In 1868, she m. L. M. Wilson, pres. of Mobile and Montgomery Railroad. Evans, CALEB, D. D., Baptist minister, b. Bristol, Eng., 1737 ; d. 1791. An advocate for the freedom of America; pub. a "Letter to Wesley," on his " Calm Address to the Amer. Colonies," 12mo, 1775, pub. under the sig. Americanus; "Reply to Rev. Mr.Fletcher s Vin dication of Wesley," 12mo, 1776. Evans, GEORGE, lawyer and senator, b. Hallowell, Me., Jan. 12, 1797 ; d. Portland, Me., Apr. 5, 1867. Bowd. Coll. 1815. Adra. to the bar in 1818. Speaker of the house of representatives of Me. in 1829; M.C. 1829- 41, and U.S. senator, 1841-7. In 1849-50, he was a commiss. of the board of claims against Mexico, and atty.-gen. of Me. in 1803/4/6. Lanman. Evans, SIR GEORGE DE LACY, a British gen., b. Moig, Ireland, 1787 ; d. London, Jan. 9, 1870. Entering the army in 1807, he served in India and Spain ; and early in 1814, having become brev. lieut.-col. of the 5th W.I. regt., he was ordered to Amer. At the battle of Bladensburg, Aug. 24, 1814, he had 2 horses killed under him. It was he, who, at the head of 100 men, acting under orders from Gen. Ross, forced the Capitol at Wash ington. He also took part in the attack on Baltimore. Dec. 23, 1814, and again Jan. 8, 1815, he was wounded before N. Orleans, and was sent home. He recovered just in time to join Wellington at Qaatre Bras, where again he had 2 horses killed under him. He com. in Spain, in 1835-7, the "British Auxiliary Le gion," and since 1846 had been M. P. from Westminster. He served as a lieut.-gen. in the Crimean war, and was disting. at the Alma and at Inkerman. Author of "Facts relating to the Capture of Washington/ &c., Lond., 8vo, 1829. Evans, HUGH DAVY, LL.D., b. Baltimore, 1792 ; d. there 16 July, 1868. He ranked with the best lawyers of his day. Author of " Es say on Pleading," Bait., 8vo, 1827; "Mary land Common Law Practice," 8vo, 1839 ; "Es says to prove the Validity of Anglican Ordina tions," 12mo, 1844 ; second series, 2 vols., 1851; "Essay on the Episcopate," 12mo, 1855. Ed. and contrib. to several Episc. jour nals. Allibone. Evans, JOHN, M.D. (St. L. Med. Coll.), geologist, b. Portsmouth, N.H., Feb. 14, 1812 ; d. Washington, D.C., Apr. 13, 1861. Son of Judge Richard. He assisted in the geol. sur veys of Wis., Minn., Iowa, and Neb., and at tracted notice by his discovery and description of a large deposit of fossil bones of extinct species of mammalia in the mauvaises tei-res of Neb. The U.S. Govt. soon after employed 311 him upon the geol. survey of Washington and Oregon Territories. After years of severe la bor, he completed this work ; was for a short time geologist to the Chiriqui commiss., and was preparing at Washington the pub. of his report of the surveys of Oregon and Washing ton, when he died. Appleton. Evans, JOSIAH J., lawyer and senator, b. Marlborough Dist., S.C., Nov. 27, 1786; d. Washington, D.C., May 6, 1858. S.C. Coll. 1808. He was for a time a merchant s clerk; taught school for 1 year ; studied law, attained a high legal position ; in 1812, 13, and 16, he was sent to the legisl.; was State solicitor for 13 years ; judge of the Sup. Court from 1830 to 1*852, and U.S. senator from 1852 until his death. Lanman. Evans, Louis, geographer and engineer, b. ab. 1700 ; d. June, 1756. He pub. at Phila., in 1 749, a chart of the interior of the British Colonies in N. A., and of the Indian countries adjacent on the north and west. A second ed. appeared in 1755. In 1756, he pub. in London a pamphlet in reply to some strictures on a statement questioning the English title to Fort Frontenac, which had been appended to the last edition of his map. Both appeared under the title of " Geographical, Historical, Political, Philosophical, and Mechanical Es says." In 1776, his map was repub. with large additions by Gov. Pownall. Evans, NATHAN GEORGE, maj.-gen. C.S.A., b. Darlington Dist. S.C., ab. 1829 ; d. Midway, Ala., Nov. 30, 1868. WestPoint, 1848. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he became 1st lieut. 2d Cav., 3 Mar. 1855; capt. May 1, 1856; disting. himself in battle with the Camanches, in Texas, Oct. 1, 1858 ; resigned Feb. 27, 1861 ; entered the confed. service; was made a col., and com. a brigade in the battle of Bull Run ; promoted to brig.-gen., and com. the confeder ates at the battle of Ball s Bluff, Oct. 19, 1861 ; Feb. 6, 1865, he com. a division in Gordon s corps at Hatcher s Run. Surrendered with Lee, Apr. 9, 1865. At the time of his death, he was engaged in teaching. Evans, NATHANIEL, poet and clergyman, b. Phila., June 8, 1742; d. Gloucester Co., N. J., Oct. 29, 1767. Phila. Coll. 1765. Edu cated for a merchant by his parents, he devoted himself to the Muses. Was adm. to orders by the Bishop of London. Returned to Phila., Dec. 26, 1765, and entered upon his mission, but d. soon after. He pub. an edition of Godfrey s poems, prefixing a memoir and an elegy to his memory. A selection from Evans s writings, entitled " Poems on Several Occasions, with some other Pieces," was pub. in 1772, in Phila. Hardie ; Allen. Evans, OLIVER, inventor, b. Newport, Del., 1755; d. N.Y., Apr. 15, 1819. Descended from Evan Evans, D.D., first Epis. minister of Phila., who d. 1728. While apprentice to a wheelwright, he displayed his inventive talent, and, at the age of 22, invented a machine for making card-teeth, which superseded the old method of manuf. them by hand. Two years later, he went into business with his bros., who were millers. In 1786-7, he obtained from the legisls. of Md. and Pa. the exclusive right to use his improvements in flour-mills. In 1799, he set about the construction of a steam-car riage ; but, finding that his steam-engine dif fered materially from those in use, he patented, and successfully applied it to mills. This was the first steam-engine constructed on the high pressure principle. In 1803-4, he constructed the first steam-dredging machine used in Amer. "The machine, which he named the Oractor Amphibolis, having been placed upon wheels, propelled itself to the Schuylkill, l miles, and, upon being fitted with a paddle- wheel in the stern, navigated the river to its junction with the Delaware. This is believed to have been the first instance in Amer. of the application of steam-power to the propelling of land-carriages. He predicted their employ ment on railways of wood or iron, and urged the construction of a railroad between Phila. and N.Y., but was always prevented, by his limited means, from prosecuting his mechanical experiments to the extent he desired." Author of " Young Millwright s Guide," and the "Young Steam Engineer s Guide." Ap pleton. Evans, THOMAS, Quaker controversialist, b. Phila., 1798 ; d. 25 May, 1868. In 1827-8, he opposed the Unitarian views of Elias Hicks in a series of able papers in the Friend. In 1828, he pub. " An Exposition of the Faith of the Religious Society of the Friends," &c. In 1837, he narrowly escaped shipwreck on a voyage to Charleston, S.C., and, from over- exertion, at the pumps, his health was irrepara bly injured. From 1837 to 1854, he edited, in conjunction with his bro. William, " The Friends Library," a coll. of the standard re ligious writings of the society, in 14 vols. Thomas. EyartS, JEREMIAH, sec. of the Board of Foreign Missions, b. Sunderland, Vt., Feb. 3, 1781 ; d. Charleston, S.C., May 10, 1831. Y.C. 1802. After some time spent in teaching, he studied law ; was adm. to the N. Haven bar in 1 806 ; practised his profession ab. 4 years ; then edited the Panoplist at Boston, and in 1820 the Missionary Herald. He was treas. of the Board of Foreign Missions from 1812 to 1820, and corresp. sec. from 1821 till his death. He wrote 24 essays on the rights of the Indians, under the signature of " Wm. Peun," 1829. See Memoirs of Evarts, by E. C. Tracy (8vo, Boston, 1845). Evarts, WILLIAM MAXWELL, LL.D. (Un. Coll. 1857), an eminent lawyer, son of the preceding, b. Boston, Feb. 6, 1818. Y.C. 1837. He studied law at the Camb. Law School, and began practice in N.Y. City, ab. 1840. He was active in the Repub. party ; was the principal counsel for Pres. Johnson at his trial in the spring of 1868, and was atty.- gen. of the U.S. in 1868. Everard, SIR RICHARD, gov. of N.C. 1725-9; d. London, Feb. 17, 1733. His ad ministration was disturbed by frequent alter cations with the council. He succeeded to the baronetcv in Jan. 1706, on the death of his father, Sir Hugh. His dau. Susannah m. David Meade of Va., the ancestor of Bishop M. Everest, REV. CHARLES W., poet. Wash. Coll. 1838. Formerly of Meridcn, latterly in charge of the Rectory School, Hamden, Ct. 312 EVE Has pub. " Babylon," a poem ; " Hare Bell ; " " Moss Rose; " " The Memento ; " " Ths Snow Drop ; " " The Poets of Connecticut," 1843 ; " Vision of Death, and other Poems." His poem entitled " Agriculture " is a beautiful picture of country-life. Allibone. Everett, ALEXANDER HILL, LL.D (U. of Vt. 1826), scholar and diplomatist, b. Boston, Mar. 19, 1791; d. Canton, China, May 29, 1847. H.U. 1806. Son of Rev. Oliver. He was an usher in Phillips Exeter Acad. ; began to study law in the office of J. Q. Adams, Boston, in 1807 ; and was a member of the literary club that founded the Monthly Anthology. In 1809, he accomp. J. Q. Adams to St. Petersburg, as attache to the legation, to which he became sec. in 1815. He visited Eng. in 1811, and, after a short trip to Paris, returned home in 1812, and wrote some political pieces in favor of the war, and against the Hart- lord Convention. He became charge d affaires at Brussels in 1818; in 1825-9 was minister to Spain, and from 1845 till his death was commiss. to China. In 1840, he was sent on a confidential mission to Cuba. In 1829, he became editor and principal prop, of the N. Amer. Review, to which he had long been a contrib. He invited Irving to Madrid ; made him an attache to his legation, and encouraged him in the preparation of his Spanish histories. He also aided Mr. Prescott in similar pursuits. Member of the Ms. legisl. 1830-5, taking an active part as a Democ. politician. He was skilled in the languages and literature of modern Europe, as well as philosophy, di plomacy, and the laws of nations. He pub. "Europe," 1821; "America," 1827; "New Views on Population," 1822 ; a vol. of essays in 1845, and a small vol. of poems, 1845. To Sparks s " Am. Biography," he contrib. Lives of Warren and Patrick Henry. Also contrib. to the Democratic and Boston Quarterly Re views. Everett, DAVID, journalist, b. Princeton, Ms., March 29, 1770; d. Marietta, O., Dec. 21, 1813. Dartm. Coll. 1795. While teach ing a grammar school at N. Ipswich, he wrote the famous juvenile recitation commencing, " You d scarce expect one of my age To speak in public on the stage." He studied law in Boston, and wrote for Russell s Gazette and Dennie s Farmer s Muse um. His prose papers, " Common Sense in Dishabille," were collected in 1799, in a small vol., as was also his " Farmer s Monitor." He contrib. to a literary paper, the Nightingale, in 1796. In 1800, he produced a tragedy, " Da- ranzel, or the Persian Patriot," acted and pub. at Boston in 1800. He removed to Amherst in 1802, where he practised law. Returning to Boston in 1807, in 1809 he edited the Boston Patriot, and in 1812 the Pilot. Author of an essay on " The Rights and Duties of Nations," and " Junius Americanus," in the Boston Ga zette, in defence of John Adams. Duyckinck; D.C. Alumni. Everett, EDWARD, LL.D., D.C.L., scholar and orator, b. Dorchester, Ms., 11 Apr. 1794 ; d. Boston, 15 Jan. 1865. H.U. 1811. Son of Rev. Oliver. Tutor at H.U. in 1812, and deliv ered the Phi Beta Kappa poem on American Poets. Ord. pastor of the Brat tle-st. ^Boston) Unitarian Church, 9 Feb. 1814 ; accepted the chair of Greek literature at H. U. 5 Mar. 1815; visited Europe, where he studied 2 years at the U. of Gb ttingen, and travelled extensively, re turning in the fall of 1819, and entering upon the duties of his professorship. May 8, 1822, he m. Charlotte Gray, dau. of Hon. Peter C. Brooks. In 1824, he delivered at Cam bridge an oration on Amer. Literature, at which Lafayette was present. M.C. 1825-35 ; gov. of Ms. 1836-40; minister toping, in 1841- 5; pres. H.U. 1846-9; sec. of State, as succes sor of Daniel Webster, Nov. 1852-Mar. 1853, and U.S. senator from that time until his re tirement to private life on account of ill health, in May, 1854. He subsequently wrote and lec tured with great success in behalf of the Mt. Vernon Fund, for the purchase of the home and burial-place of Washington, that it might thenceforth " belong to the American people. He was the candidate, in I860, of the party of conciliation and compromise, for the vice-pres idency. The Bell and Everett ticket, however, had but 39 electoral votes. After the Rebellion began, he gave all his influence and energies to the support of the Federal Govt. Though a remarkable example of varied culture, Mr. Everett is best known by his orations and ad dresses, which are models of grace and elegance of style. His historical efforts are of great value. During his term as gov. of Ms., the Board of Education was organized, normal schools founded, and scientific and agricultural surveys of the State were established. He visited Europe a second time in 1840-1, and was in 1843 app. minister to China, but de clined. As minister to Eng., his management of affairs of great delicacy and importance, such as the settlement of the north-eastern boundary,and the McLeod and the Creole cases, reflected the highest credit upon his abilities. In Congress, he opposed the policy of removing the Indians without their consent, and advocat ed free trade. He was one of the early editors of the N. A. Review, to which he contrib., among other important articles, that on Nullifi cation, in Oct. 1830. In this periodical he suc cessfully vindicated American principles and institutions against a crowd of British travel lers and authors, who were endeavoring to bring them into contempt. His contribs. to the N. Y. Ledger in 1858 were afterward coll., and pub. as "The Mount Vernon Papers." His speeches and addresses were coll. and pub. in 4 vols., 8vo. He received the degree of D.C.L. from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. He was the intimate friend of Webster, and wrote the best Life extant of that distinguished man, whose collected writ ings he edited. See Memoir of Everett, Bost., 1865; Golden Age of Amer. Oratory, 1857; Character and Characteristic Men, E. P. Whijt- ple. Everett, HORACE, LL.D., lawyer and pol itician, b. 1780; d. Windsor, Vt., Jan. 30, 1851. Brown U. 1797. He was successful in his practice at Windsor; was in the State legisl. in 1819-20, 1822-4, and 1834; State- atty. for Windsor Co., 1813-17 ; a prominent 313 EWI member of the State Const. Conv. of 1828, and M.C. 1829-43. He disting. himself in Congress by his zeal in behalf of the Indians. Ewbank, THOMAS, writer on practical me chanics, b. Barnard Castle, Durham, Eng., March 11, 1792 ; d. New York, Sept. 16, 1870. At 13, he was apprenticed to a tin and copper smith ; emigrated to New York ab. 1819, and in 1820 commenced the manuf. of metallic tub ing there, from which business he retired in 1836 to devote himself to literary and scien tific pursuits. In 1842, he pub. " Descriptive and Historical Account of Hydraulic and other Machines." In 1845-6, he* visited Brazil, of which he pub. an account in 1856, entitled " Life in Brazil." Commiss. of patents front 1849 to 1852. He pub. 3 annual reports, also a work en titled "The World a Workshop," 1855; " Thoughts on Matter and Force," 1858 ; "Re miniscences in the Patent-Office," 1859, and a variety of essays on the philosophy and his tory of inventions in the "Transactions of the Franklin Institute." His " Experiments on Marine Propulsion, or the Virtue of Form in Propelling Blades," was reprinted in Europe. As a member of the commission to examine and report upo.n the strength of the marbles offered for the extension of the National Capi tol, he discovered the method of greatly in creasing the resisting power of building stones. Founder of the Ethnological Society. Ewell, BENJAMIN S., instructor, b. D.C., ab. 1810. West Point, 1832. Entering the 4th Art., he was assist, prof, of math, at West Point, 1832-5 ; of nat. philps. 1835-6, and re signed 30 Sept. 1836; assist, engr. Bait, and Susq. Railroad, 1836-9; prof, math., Hamp. Sid. Coll., Va., 1839-42; prof. math, and milit. science, Wash. Coll., Lexington, Va., 1846-8; prof, math., and acting president, Wm. and Mary Coll., Va., 1848-9; prof. math, and nat. science since 1849, and pres. since 1854. Outturn. Ewell, RICHARD STODDARD, lieut.-gen. C.S.A., b. D.C. Oct. 1816. West Point, 1840. Entering 1st Dragoons, he was brev. capt. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847 ; capt. Aug. 4, 1849 ; disting. in bat tle with Apaches, in N. Mexico, June 27, 1857 ; resigned May 7, 1861 ; entered Confed. service; made brig.-gen. ; took part in the action at Blackburn s Ford, July 18, 1861 ; and at Bull Run, com. the extreme right; afterward maj.- gen., and led a corps in the army of Va., and was at the battles of White-oak Swamp and Cedar Mountain. He accomp. Lee in his movement against Pope, Aug. 1862, and Aug. 27 was defeated by Hooker at Kettle Run, near Manassas Junction. He was in the battles near Bull Run, Aug. 28-30, and also in the suc ceeding Md. campaign, in which he was severe ly wounded. On the death of Stonewall Jack son, he was, at his request, made a lieut.-gen. May 20, 1863, and assigned to the 2d corps; with it he fought at Winchester, Gettysburg, and during the first day of the battle of the Wilderness, May, 1864, and in the subsequent operations of the campaign, at one time comg. the dept. of Henrico ; captured by Gen. Sheri dan, April 6, 1865, near the "Appomattox River. Ewen, WILLIAM, Revol. patriot, b. Eiig ab. 1720 ; d, Ga. soon after the Revol. He came to Ga. about 1734 as an apprentice to the Trustees; was one of the earliest and most active of the Revol. leaders of Ga. ; a member of the council of safety ; and, as first pres. of the exec, council, performed the duties of gov. in 1775. Ga. Hist. Colls., 199. Ewing, CHARLES, LL.D. (Jeff. Coll.), jurist, b. Burlington Co., N.J., July 8, 1780; d. Trenton, Aug. 5, 1832. N.J. Coll. 1798. Son of James Ewing, commiss. of loans for N.J. ; a Revol. patriot. Adm. to the bar in 1802, he practised at Trenton with success ; became a counsellor in 1812, and from 1824 to his d. was chief-justice of N.J. See Nat. Port. Gall., vol. ii. Ewing, JAMES, general, b. Lancaster Co., Pa., 1736 ; d. at his seat in Hellam township in March, 1806. He accomp. Braddock s exped. in 1755 ; July 4, 1776, he was elected a brig.- gen. of Pa. militia, and had a part assigned him in the surprise of Trenton, but was pre vented, by the ice and a high wind, from cross ing the Delaware as previously arranged. Vice- pres. of Pa. under Pres. Dickinson in 1782-4, and was several times member of the State legisl. His name has been variously given as Irvine, Irwin, and Erwing. Lossing. Ewing, JOHN, D.D. (Edinb. U. 1773), scholar and divine, b. E. Nottingham, Md., June 22, 1732; d. Phila., Sept. 8, 1802. N.J. Coll. 1754. His emig. ancestors came from Ireland, and settled on the banks of the Sus- quehanna. Tutor in N. J. Coll., then instructor in philos. in the Phila. Coll., and on its being made the U. of Pa., in 1779, became provost, holding the position until his death. He be came pastor of the 1st Presb. Church, Phila., in 1759 ; visited Eng. in 1773-5 to collect funds for the acad. at Newark, Del. ; vice-pres. of the Philos. Society, to whose "Transactions " he made several contribs. He was a commiss. to run the boundary-line of Del., and to settle the boundaries between Ms. and Ct., and be tween Pa. and Va. His learning was various and profound, and as a preacher he was highly popular. His collegiate lectures on nat. phi losophy, with a biog. by Rev. R. Patterson, (2 vols., 1809), and a vol. of his sermons with a memoir, were pub. in 1812. Sprague. Ewing, THOMAS, LL.D., lawyer and states man, b. near West Liberty, Ohio Co.,Va., Dec. 28, 1789. Ohio U. 1815. George, his father, a Revol. officer, one of the founders of Ames- town, O., d. Ind. ab. 1830. He received his early education chiefly from an elder sister, and, with his father s family, settled in the wilds of Ohio, ab. 1792. In 1814, he was a school teacher. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1816 ; was a U.S. senator from O. from 1831 to 1837 ; sec. of the treasury under Harrison in 1841 ; sec. of the interior under Pres. Taylor in 1849, and U. S. senator in 1850-1. D. Oct. 26, 71, in Lancaster, O. In the U.S. senate, he supported the protective system of Clay ; reported a bill from the com. on post- offices, which in 1835 resulted in the re-organ ization of the dept. He actively defended Tay lor s administration, did not vote for the fugi tive-slave law, helped to defeat Clay s com- :EWI 314 ist bill, advocated river and harbor appro priations, a reduction of postage, and the aboli tion of slavery in the District of Columbia. While sec. of the interior, he organized the dept. Differing with his party on the slavery question, he left the cabinet in July,1850. Mr. E wing s celebrity as a lawyer and public speaker equals his reputation as a statesman. Dele gate to the peace convention, 1861. Appleton. Ewing, THOMAS, Jun., lawyer, son of the preceding, b. Lancaster, O., 7 Aug. 1829. Ed ucated at Brown U. and at Cin. Law School, 1855 ; private sec. to Pres. Taylor, 1849-50. He began practice in Cincin., but in 1856 re moved to Leavenworth, Ks. ; member Leav. Const. Conv. ; chief-justice of Ks. 1861-2 ; col. llthKs. Inf. 15 Sept. 1862 ; brig.-gen. 12 Mar. 1863. Joining Gen. Blunt, he took part in the battles of Fort Wayne, Cane Hill, Prairie Grove, and Van Buren ; com. the dist. of the Border, June, 1863-Feb. 1864, then took command of S. E. Mo., and made a gallant fight at Pilot Knob, Mo., against the attack of Gen. Price, 27 Sept. 1864, making good his retreat to Rolla, and receiving the brev. of maj.-gen. He has practised law in Washington, D.C., since the war. Exmouth, EDWARD PELLEW, Viscount, an eminent British adm., b. Dover, 19 April, 1757 ; d. Teignmouth, 23 Jan. 1833. He en tered the navy in 1770 ; joined " The Blonde," frigate, which sailed to the relief of Quebec, and in the schooner " Carleton " disting. him self in the battle, 11 Oct. 1776, on Lake Cham- plain, with the flotilla of Arnold, whom he came near making his prisoner. In com. of a party of seamen, he rendered great assistance to the army of Burgoyne in its difficult advance to Saratoga, and was sent home with despatch es, and promoted. His brother John was aide- de-camp to Gen. Phillips, and was killed in this campaign. Made post-capt. May 31, 1782; knighted 5 Mar. 1796, for services in the war against France; made rear-adm. 1804; anni hilated the Dutch naval force in the E. Indies in 1806; made Baron Exmouth and adm. of the Blue in 1814, and 26 Aug., 1816, attacked Algiers, destroying the entire Algerine navy, compelling the submission of the dey, the lib eration of 1,200 captives, and the payment of a large sum of money. For this service he was made a viscount; vice-adm. of Eng., 15 Feb. 1832. Fairbanks, ERASTUS, manufacturer, and g3v. of Vt. 1852-3 and 1860-1, b. Brimfield, Ms., Oct. 28, 1792; d. St. Johnsbury, Vt., Nov. 20,1864. He had a common-school edu cation ; taught school in St. Johnsbury, Vt. ; engaged in business with moderate success, and in 1825 formed a partnership with his younger bro. for the manuf. of platform scales. The enterprise proved extraordinarily successful ; and their scales attained a world-wide reputa tion. Member of the legisl. in 1836-8 ; pres. of the Passumpsic and Ct. River R.R. Co. in 1849. Pairchild, Lucius, gov. Wis. 1866-7, eec. of State, 1864-5, b. Franklin Mills, Por tage Co., O.; 27 Dec. 1831. Lieut.-col. 2d Iowa Inf. June, 1861 ; capt. 16th U. S. Inf. 5 Aug. J861 ; com. an Iowa regt. in McClellan s and Pope s campaigns, and became brig.-gen. vols. 5 Aug. 1861. Fairfax, BRYAN, 8th and last baron of the name, b. ab. 1730 ; d. Mount Eagle, near Cam eron, Aug. 7, 1802. Third sou of the Hon. Col. William Fairfax, pres. of the Council of Va., and resided at Towlston Hall, Fairfax Co., though, for some time during the latter part of his life, he was an Epis. clergyman at Alexan dria. An affectionate intercourse existed be tween him and Washington throughout life, notwithstanding his being a Loyalist. He succeeded to the title on the death of Rob ert, 7th Lord Fairfax, in 1 791 . GEORGE WIL LIAM, his bro., the early companion and as sociate of Washington, d. Bath, Eng., 1787, a. 63. On the death of his father in 1757, he succeeded to his estate, m. a dau. of Col. Carey of Hampton, became a member of the council, and lived at Belvoir. In 1773, he went to Eng. Sabine. Fairfax, DONALD McN., capt. U.S.N., b. Va., Aug. 10, 1822. Midshipm. Aug. 12, 1837; lieut. Feb. 26, 1851; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. During the Mex ican war served under Dupont on the west coast of Mexico and Cal., and was at the capture of several towns. Com. steam gun boat " Cayuga," West Gulf squad., 1862-3 ; on the Lower Mpi. from June, 1862, to Feb. 1863, under Farragut ; S.A. block, squad., 1863, com. steamers "Nantucket" and "Montauk" in several attacks on defences of Charleston harbor, under Dupont and Dahlgren ; com. naval acad. 1864-5; com. flagship "Rhode Island," N.A. squad., 1866-7, and steam-sloop " Susquehanna," 1867-8. Ilamersly. Fairfax, THOMAS, 6th lord and baron of Cameron, the friend and patron of Washing ton s early life, b. Eng., 1691 ; d. at his seat at Greenway Court, Frederick Co., Va., Dec. 12, 1781 ; son of Thomas, Lord Fairfax, and of Catharine, dau. of Lord Culpeper. Educated at Oxford, and afterwards held a commission in the Blues. A contributor to Addison s "Spectator." Succeeding to the title and to the family estates in Va., inherited from his mother, between the Rappahannock and Potomac Rivers, and a great portion of the Shenandoah Valley, he settled in Va. in 1745, fixing his residence a few miles from Win chester. Here he lived in a style of liberal hospitality, frequently indulging in the diver sion of the chase. In 1748, he made the acquaintance of Washington, then a youth of 16, and, impressed with his energy and talents, employed him to survey his lands lying west of the Blue Ridge. Though a frank and avowed Loyalist, he was never insulted or molested by the Whigs. His barony and immense domain, consisting of 5,282,000 acres, descended to his only surviving bro., Robert, 7th lord, who d. at Leeds Castle, Eng., in 1791 ; but, as the domain was in possession of Lord Thomas during the Revol., it was confiscated. Fairfleld, GENEVIEVE GENEVRA, dau. of Sumner L., b. N. Y., 1832. Author of " Genevra, or the History of a Portrait," " The Vice President s Daughter," "The Wife of Two Husbands," " The Innkeeper s Daughter." 315 Fairfleld, JOHN, lawyer and statesman, b. Saco, Me., Jan. 30, 1797; d. Washington, Dec. 24, 1847. He received a common school education ; practised law in his native town ; became disting. ; was in 1832 app. reporter of decisions of the Supreme Judicial Court ; was M.C. in 1835-9; gov. of Me. in 1839-40, 1842-3; and U.S. sen. from 1843 to his d. Author of " Supreme Court Reports," 1835-7, 3 vols., 8vo. Fairfleld, SUMNER LINCOLN, poet, b. Warwick, Ms., June 25, 1803 ; d. N. Orleans, March 6, 1844. He studied at Brown U. Was two years a tutor at the South, and, determining to lead a literary life, sailed for Lond. in Dec. 1825. His poem, " The Cities of the Plain/ appeared in the Oriental Herald, and at Versailles he wrote " Pere la Chaise " and " Westminster Abbey." Returning in July, 1826, he soon after pub. " The Sisters of St. Clara," followed in 1830 by " Abaddon " and other poems. Having m. Miss Jane F razee of Rah way, N.J., he gained a pre carious subsistence by writing for the press, until placed by some friends at the head of Newtown Acad., ab. 30 miles from Phila. The accidental drowning of one of his pupils threw such a gloom over him, that he gave up his situation, and removed to N.Y. By the exertions of his wife in soliciting sub scriptions, principally in Boston, 1829-32, he was enabled to pub. in 1832 a new poem, " The Last Night of Pompeii." He also pub. " Lays of Melpomene," 1824 ; and " The Heir of the World," &c., 1829. From 1833 to 1838, he pub. the N. Amer. Magazine. In 1846, Mrs. Fairfield issued a small vol. containing a life of her husband, from her pen, and a few of his poems. He excelled as an instructor in history and belles-lettres. A vol. of his poems was published in 1841. Duyckinck. Fairman, DAVID, RICHARD, and GIDEON, engravers of Phila.; d. respectively, Aug. 19, 1815, a. 33 ; Dec. 1821, a. 34; and March 18, 1827, a. 51. Falcon, GEN. JUAN CHRISTOMO, Pres. of Venezuela in 1863 and 1865, b. Caracas; d. Martinque, May, 1870. He had been a successful soldier, and was elected vice-pres. in 1861. In Aug. 1868, he was compelled to resign by the revolutionists under Mona- gas. Fales, MRS. ALMIRA L., philanthropist, b. N.Y. ; d. Washington, D. C-, Nov. 8, 1868. In mature life, she removed to la., whence she went with her husband, Joseph T. Fales, to Washington, where he had a situation as ex aminer in the patent-office. When the civil war broke out, she entered upon the care of sick and wounded soldiers. At Pittsburg Land ing and other Western battle-fields, Mrs. Fales actively ministered to the wounded and dying soldiers. The govt. placed an ambulance at her command, and with this, laden with stores, she visited the hospitals and the fields of battle. Wherever she appeared, the brightness of her smile, and the cheerful tone of her voice, at once dispelled gloom and despondency. For some time, Mrs. Fales was charged by the govt. with the superintendence of the sick and wounded sent from the hospitals in and around Washington to the hospitals in N.Y and else where. Faneuil (formerly popul. pron. Fun -el), PETER, a liberal Boston merchant, b. of a French Huguenot family, New Rochelle, N.Y., 1700; d. Boston, March 3, 1743. In 1740, at a public meeting, he offered to build a suitable edifice for a public market-house, at his own cost, as a gift to the town. The building, com menced in Dock Square in Sept. 1740, and fin ished in 1742, comprised a market-house on the ground-floor, and a town-hall, with other rooms over it. In 1761, it was destroyed by fire ; in 1763, it was rebuilt by the town ; and in 1775, during the British occupation of Boston, it was used for a theatre. In 1805, it was altered and enlarged. During the Revol. period, it was the usual place of meeting of the patriots ; and, from the stirring debates and important resolu tions which were often heard within its walls, it gained the name of " the cradle of American liberty." Drake s Hist, of Boston. Fannin, Col. JAMES W., Texan revolu tionist, b. N. C. ; killed at Goliad, March 27, 1836. Oct. 28, 1835, he defeated a greatly su perior Mexican force near Bexar, and was soon after promoted by Gen. Houston, col. of artillery and insp.-gen. Attacked, March 19, at the Co- leta River, by a large Mexican force under Gen. Urrea, the Texans defended themselves with spirit until night, and renewed the battle on the 20th ; but, the Mexicans having been re-enforced, a capitulation was signed, by which it was agreed that the Texans should be treated as prisoners of war, and, as soon as possible, sent to the U. S. Having surrendered their arms, on the 26th an order was received from Santa Ana, requiring them to be shot. At daybreak the following morning, the prisoners, 357 in number, were accordingly shot. Fannin was the last to suffer. Fanning, ALEX. C. W., lieut.-col. U. S. A., b. Ms., 1788 ; d. Cincinnati, O., Aug. 18, 1846. West Point, 1812. Lieut. 3d Art. March, 1812; capt. March 13, 1813; severely wounded at capture of York, U. C., April 27, 1813; dis ting. in repulse of British naval forces, St. Lawrence, Nov. 2, 1813 ; brev. maj. for gallant conduct in defence of Fort Erie, Aug. 15, 1814; acting insp.-gen. in Jackson s div., April 1, 1818 ; maj. 4th Art. Nov. 3, 1832; brev. col. for gallant and meritorious conduct in battle, near the Onithlacoochie, and in defence of Fort Mellon, Fla., Feb. 8, 1837 ; lieut-col. 4th Art. Sept. 16, 1838. Fanning, DAVID, a Tory desperado of N. C. during the Revol., b.Wake Co., N.C., ab. 1756; d. Digby, N.S., 1825. A carpenter by trade, he led a vagabond life, trading with the Indians. In 1781, Fanning, having been robbed by a party of men who called themselves Whigs, joined the Tories, collected a small band of des peradoes, laid waste the settlements, and com mitted frightful atrocities, for which he was rewarded by Major Craig, the British com. at Wilmington, with a commission of lieut.-col. of militia. By the rapidity and secrecy of his movements, he succeeded in capturing many prominent Whigs, hanging those who had in- cured his personal resentmer t. At one time, he dashed into the village of Pittsborough, 316 where a court was then in session, and carried off the judges, lawyers, officers, and some of the citizens ; 3 weeks later, he captured Col. Al ston and 30 men in his own house, and soon afterward, at Hillsborough, took Gov. Burke with his whole suite, and a number of the prin cipal inhabitants. His name was a terror to the whole country, and he was exempted from all acts of pardon. When the Whigs gained the ascendency in N. C., he went to Fla., and afterward to St. John, N.B., where he became a member of the Assembly. Sentenced to be hanged for rape ab. 1800, he escaped from pris on, and was afterward pardoned. Fanning, EDMUND, LL.D. ( Y. C. 1803), loyalist, b. Long Island, 1737 ; d. Lond., Feb. 28, 1818. Y. C. 1757. Son of Col. Phineas. Settled as a lawyer in Hillsborough, N.C. ; soon became popular. App. col. of Orange Co. in 1763, and m 1765 clerk of the Supreme Court, and member of the legisl. He married the dau. of Gov. Tryon, and soon after became very obnoxious to the people by his exorbitant charges for legal services, and by his zeal in quelling a rebellion against the severe exac tions of the govt., and in bringing its leaders to the scaffold. To escape popular indignation, he accomp. Gov. Tryon to N. Y., as sec., in 1771. Having subsequently applied to the N.C. legisl. for reparation for losses from destruction of his property, they unanimously rejected the petition, and rebuked the gov. for presenting it, thus " trifling with the dignity of the house." In 1774, he received from the British Govt. the lucrative office of surveyor-gen., as a reward for his services and losses in N. C. In 1776, he raised and com. "The King s American Regt. of Foot ; " was celebrated for talent, activity, and severity towards his countrymen, and was twice wounded. After the war, he went to Nova Scotia, of which he became councillor and lieut.-gov. Sept. 23, 1783; and from 1786 until he went to Eng., in 1805, was gov. of Prince Edward Island. Maj.-gen. in the Brit ish army in 1793, lieut.-gen. 1799, gen. 1808. His indiscretion in N. C. was ever after a sub ject of regret to him. He was an able jurist and legislator. Fanning, GOLBERT, d. Tenn. 1810. Pub. " Correct Method of Searching the Scriptures." Editor of the Agriculturist, 5 vols., 8vo. Con- trib. to various agric. journals. Allibone. Fargues, THOMAS, M.D., a Canadian physician and scholar, b. Quebec, 1780; d. there Dec. 11, 1847. H.U. 1797. M.D. of the U. of Edinb., where he gave his valuable thesis on " Chorea." He resided some years in London, but in 1811 settled in Quebec, where he was long a leading practitioner. Morgan. Farley, HARRIET, b. Claremont, N.H. Many years editor of and contrib. to the Lowell Offering, a monthly sustained by the pens of the factory-girls there. Author of " Shells from the Strand," 1847, and "Mind among the Spindles," a selection from the Lowell Offering, with an Introd. by Charles Knight, pub. Lond., 1849. Allibone. Farley, MICHAEL, an active Revol. leader, b. Ipswich, Ms., 1719 ; d. there June 20, 1789. Several years a leading member of the General Court ; delegate to the Prov. Congress in 1774- 5 ; member of the exec, council ; several years maj.-gen. of militia, and a delegate to the con vention for adopting the U.S. Constitution. Farmer, HENRY T., physician and poet, b. Eng. ; d. Charleston, S.C., ab. 1840, a. 46. Emigrating in early life to Charleston, he en gaged in commercial pursuits ; afterward re moved to N.Y., where he studied medicine under Drs. Francis and Hosack ; was grad. at the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons in 1821, and practised at Charleston until his death. In 1819, he pub. "Imagination, the Mariner s Dream, and other Poems." Duyckinck. Farmer, JOHN, a celebrated genealogist and antiquary, b. Chelmsford, Ms., June 12, 1789; d. Concord, N.H., Aug. 13, 1838. In heriting a feeble constitution, he in early life devoted himself to study. He taught school 10 years, and was subsequently engaged for a few years in business, but finally relinquished active pursuits, and devoted himself to literary and antiquarian researches with zeal and success. Member of various hist, and lit. bodies, and, at the time of his death, was corresp. sec. of the N.H. Hist. Society, of which he was one of the founders. His publications were numerous : among the most important of them are his edition of Belknap s " Hist, of N. H.," and his " Genealogical Register of the First Set tlers of New Eng.," 1829, a work of vast labor and research. He pub. also a History of Billerica, 1806; of Amherst, 1820; and " Gazetteer of N. H.," 1823, besides his com munications to the " Hist. Colls." of the Hist. Societies of Ms. and N.H., and to the Amer. Quarterly Register ; and he was also the com piler of the "N.H. Register." In 1822, in connection with J. B. Moore, Esq., he com menced the Colls. Hist.,Biog., Topog., &c., of N. H., of which 3 vols. were pub. Farnham, ELIZA W. (BURHAUS), philan thropist and author, b. Rensselaerville, N.Y., Nov. 17, 1815; d. N.Y. City, Dec. 15, 1864. In 1835, she went to 111., and in 1836 was m. there to Thomas J. Farnham. In 1841, she returned to N.Y., and was employed in visiting prisons, and in lecturing to women, till the spring of 1844, when she accepted an appt. as matron of the female dept. of the State Prison at Sing Sing. She pub. " Life in Prairie Land," and edited Sampson s " Criminal Juris prudence," while there. In 1848, she was con nected with the Inst. for the Blind in Boston. She was in Cal. from 1849 to 1856, when she returned to N.Y., and pub. " California in Doors and out." She then studied medicine 2 years. In 1859, she organized a society to aid and protect destitute women in emigrating to the West, and went thither at different times with large numbers of them. She pub. in 1859 " My Early Days," and subsequently returned to Cal. The " Era of Women," also pub. by her (1864), treated of social reforms in the position and rights of woman. Dut/ckinck. Farnham, REV. LUTHER, b. Concord, N.H., Feb. 5, 1816. D.C. 1837 ; And. Sera. 1841. Pastorof the Cong. Church, Northfiekl, Ms., 1844-5 ; and for some years hud charge of the church at Marshh eld. Sec. of the South. Aid Soc., 1855-61 ; and, since 1862, sec. of the General Theol. Library at Boston. Besides 31T ministerial, editorial, and other labors, he has pub. a " Glance at Private Libraries," 1855 ; and has prep, a " Hist, of the Ms. Hort. Soc." Farnham, RALPH, a soldier of the Revol., b. Lebanon, Me., July 7, 1756 ; d. Acton, Me., Dec. 26, 1861, a. 104 yrs. 5 ms. 19 days. In 1780, he settled at Acton, Me., of which town ship he was the first inhabitant. He was in vited to Boston in Oct. 1860; and a concert was given him at Tremont Temple. Farnham, THOMAS J., traveller, husband of Eliza W., b. Vt., 1804 ; d. Cal., Sept. 1848. A lawyer by profession. In 1839, he organized and led a small exped. across the continent to Oregon. He went to Cal. the same year, and procured the release of a large number of American and English prisoners of the Mexi can Govt. In 1842, he pub. " Travels in Oregon Territory;" in 1845, "Travels in California, and Scenes in the Pacific;" "A Memoir of the North-west Boundary-Line," and " Mexico, its Geography, People, and In stitutions," 8vo, 1846. Farnsworth, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN,D.D. (Georgetown Coll.), educator, b. Bridgeton, Me., Dec. 17, 1793 ; d. Louisville, Ky., June 4, 1851. Dartm. Coll. 1813. Pastor of the Bap tist Church at Edenton, N.C., two years ; prin cipal of the Bridgewater (Ms.) Acad., Sept. 1821 to 1823; then of a female high school, Worcester, Ms. ; next edited the Christian Watchman, Boston ; prof, of theology at the New Hampton (N.H.) Theol. Inst. from May, 1826, to 1833; taught two schools in Provi dence, R.I. ; pres. of Georgetown Coll., Ky., 1836, and of Louisville U. from 1837 to his death. Farnsworth, ELON J., brig.-gen. vols., b. Livingston Co., Mich., 1835 ; killed at Get tysburg, July 3, 1863. U. of Mich. He went to N. Mexico in 1857, and was connected with the U.S. commissary dept. there and in Utah. Returning home in the summer of 1861, he was made batt. quartermaster 8th 111. Cav., and subsequently capt. He was in all the en gagements on the peninsula and the campaign of Gen. Pope ; became aide to Gen. Pleasanton in May, 1863, and brig.-gen. June 29, 1863. Farragut, DAVID GLASCOE, admiral, U.S.N., b. near Knoxville, Tenn., July 5, 1801 ; d. Portsmouth, N.H., Aug. 14, 1870. George, his father, a native of Minorca, came to Amer ica in 1776; served through the Revol. war; fought at the Cowpens ; attained the rank of major; afterwards settled in Tenn., and was a master in the U.S.N., serving under Patterson in the defence of New Orleans. David was app. midshipman, Dec. 17, 1810 ; first served on " The Essex," Capt. David Porter, in which, while still a boy, he witnessed her engagement with two British ships-of-war. Before the cap ture of " The Essex," he had served as acting- lieut. of " The Atlantic," an armed prize. Lieut. Jan. 13, 1825. He went in 1833 to the Brazil ian coast as executive officer of the sloop-of-war "Natchez." Commander, Sept. 8, 1841, and ordered to the sloop-of-war " Decatur," off Bra- eil. In 1847, he took com. of the sloop of-war " Saratoga." He became assist, insp. of ord nance in 1851 ; com. of the Mare Island (Cal.) navy-yard, 1854; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; and from 1858 to May, 1860, com. the steam sloop of-war " Brooklyn." He com. the naval forces of the exped. against N. Orleans, sailing in " The Hartford " from Phila. in Jan. 1862. Arriving at the Gulf of Mexico, he organized the " Western Gulf blockade squad.," entered theMpi. in Mar., and, after a terrific bombard ment, passed forts Jackson and Philip, Apr. 24, destroyed a fleet of rebel gunboats, silenced two heavy batteries on the 25th ; and at noon of that day the city lay at his mercy. Farra gut then proceeded to Vicksburg, which, in con junction with Flag-Officer Davit, he attempted to reduce ; but the attack failed for want of a sufficient land-force to co-operate. July 11, ha received the thanks of both houses of Congress, and on the re-organization of the navy, July 16, 1862, was placed first on the list of rear- admirals. While in com. of the Gulf squad, in the following autumn, he captured Corpus Christi, Sabine Pass, and Galveston. Mar. 14, 1863, in his flag-ship "Hartford, "he passed the batteries at Port Hudson, and, having com mand of the river between Vicksburg and Port H., was enabled to blockade Red River, and thus intercept supplies from Texas for the rebel armies. He co-operated in the capture of Vicksburg and Port Hudson, in July, 1863. Aug. 5, 1864, he defeated the rebel fleet in Mo bile Bay, which was followed in a few days by the fall of the forts, and the capture of the place. This exploit raised his fame to the high est point. Dec. 21, 1864, he received the thanks of Congress, and the rank of vice-admiral, created expressly for him. Made admiral, July 25, 1866. In 1867-8, in the U.S. steam-frigate " Franklin, " he visited Europe, Africa, and Asia, and was everywhere received with the highest honors. Farrar, ELIZA ROTCH, authoress, b. 1792 ; d. Springfield, Ms., Apr. 22, 1870. Dau. of Benj. Rotch of N. Bedford ; m. in 1828 to Prof. John Farrar of H.U. Author of " Children s Robinson Crusoe," "Life of Lafavette," " Howard," " Youth s Letter- Writer," " Young Lady s Friend," 1837, "Recollections of 70 Years," 1866. Farrar, JOHN, LL.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1833), prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. at H.U., 1807-31, b. Lincoln, Ms., July 1, 1779; d. Cambridge, May 8, 1853. H.U. 1803. App. Greek tutor at Harvard in 1805. In 1818, he pub. " Elements of Algebra," translated from the French of Lacroix, which was succeeded in the 9 following years by 1 1 other works, trans lated from Legendre, Biot, Bezout, and others, on different subjects of mathematics and phys ics, adapted for the course of instruction in the principal institutions of learning through out the country. Contrib. to the N. A. Review, and to the memoirs of the Amer. Acad., of which he was recording sec. 1811-24, and vice- pres. 1829-30. In 1820, he m. Lucy M. Buck- minster, who d. in 1824. He was again m. in 1828, to Eliza Rotch. Farrar, TIMOTHY, LL.D, judge, b. Con cord, Ms., July 11, 1747; d. Hollis, N.H., Feb. 21,1849. H.U. 1767. He taught school, and settled in New Ipswich, N.H., in 1770. He participated in the early Revol. movements of the time, and was made a major, and a justi e 318 of the C.C.P. He filled the office of judge more than 40 years. App. chief j ustice Feb. 22, 1802. Besides his judicial duties, he was, in 1782, a member of the N.H. Const. Conv., also one of the committee which drafted the State constitution. Farrar, TIMOTHY, LL.D., b. New Ips wich, Mar. 17, 1788. Son of the preceding. Dartm. Coll. 1807. Law-partner of Daniel Webster from 1813 to 1816 ; judge of the N.H. Court of Common Pleas in 1824-33 ; vice-pres. of the N.E. Hist, and Geneal. Soc. 1853-8. In 1867, he pub. "Manual of the U.S. Consti tution," 8vo. He pub. in 1819 the Dartm. Coll. Case ; a Review of the Dred Scott Case in 1857 ; trial of the Constitution, 1863, in the N. A. Review, and several articles in the New- Englander, 1862. Fasquelle, (fas-kel), JEAN Louis, F.B., LL.D., b. France, 1808; d. Mich., 1862. Set tled in the U.S. in 1834. Prof, of languages, &c., U. of Michigan. 1846-62. Author of a " New Method of Learning the French Lan guage," N.Y., 1854, and of several other French text-books for schools. Fauchet (ft -sha ), JEAN ANTOINE JO SEPH, Baron, diplomatist and author, b. St. Quentin, France, 1763. A law-student at Paris when the revol. commenced, he pub. a pam phlet in defence of its principles ; was app. sec. of the Exec. Council, and was ambassador to the U.S. in 1794-6. Having subsequently produced an excellent work on the U.S., and on the connection of France with them (trans, by W. Duane, Phila., 1797), the Directory nominated him a commissioner to St. Do mingo, which he declined. Under Bonaparte, he was prefect of the Var, and in 1805 of the Arno ; was made a baron and a com. of the Legion of Honor, but left Italy when the French evacuated it in 1814. On Napoleon s return, he was made prefect of the Gironde. Pantheon of the Age. Faugeres (fo -zheers ), MARGARETTA V., poetess, b. Tomhanick, near Albany, 1771 ; d. N.Y. City, Jan. 9, 1801. Dau. of Ann Eliza Bleecker. In 1792, in opposition to the wishes of her father and friends, she m. Peter Faugeres, a physician of N.Y., whose dissipation, in a few years, brought her to poverty and wretched ness. Her mother died in 1783, and her father in 1795. Her contribs. to the N.Y. Magazine and the Museum were much admired. In 1 793, she pub., prefixed to the works of her mother, a memoir and some of her own poetry. In 1795, she pub. " Belisarius," a tragedy. Soon after the death of her husband, in 1798, she be came an assist, in a young ladies acad. in New Brunswick, and afterwards taught in Brook lyn. Hardie. Fauquier, FRANCIS, lieut.-gov. of Va. from 1758 to his d., March 3, 1768. The successor of Dinwiddie, his administration was eminently popular and useful. Jefferson con sidered him the ablest of the govs. of Va. He pub., Lond., 8vo, 1757, "Raising Money for Support of the War," &c. Fay, HEM AN A., son of Dr. Jonas, b. Bennington, Vt., 1778; d. there 20 Aug. 1865. West Point, 1808. U.S. milit. store keeper at Albany, 1818-42. Author of "Official Account of Battles of 1812-15," 1815. Fay, DR. JONAS, statesman, b. Hard wick, Ms., Jan. 17, 1737; d. Bennington, Vt., Mar. 6, 1818. He received a good education. Was clerk of a Ms. company at Fort Edward in 1756, removed to Bennington in 1766, and soon became prominent among the settlers on the N.H. grants, in their contest with N.Y. and with the mother-country, and also in the or ganization of the State govt. He was their agent to N.Y. in 1772 to inform Gov. Tryon of the grounds of their complaint ; clerk to the convention of Mar. 1774, that resolved to de fend by force Allen and others outlawed by the N.Y. Assembly ; surgeon under Allen at the capture of Ticonderoga, and subsequently in Col. Warner s regt. ; member of the con vention of Jan. 1777, which declared Vt. an independent State, and author of the declara tion and petition announcing the fact, and their reasons for it, to Congress ; sec. to the con vention to form the State constitution in July, 1777, and one of the Council of Safety to administer the govt. ; member of the State Council, 1778-85 ; judge of the Supreme Court in 1782 ; of Probate, 1782-7 ; agent of the State to Congress in Jan. 1777, Oct. 1779, June, 1781, and Feb. 1782. In 1780, in con junction with Ethan Allen, he pub. a pamphlet on the N.H. and N.Y. Controversy, printed in Hartford. Vt. Hist. Gaz., 171. Fay, THEODORE SEDGWICK, author and diplomatist, b. New York, Feb. 10, 1807. Adm. to the bar in 1828. Preferring a literary life, he became a contrib. to and sub sequently edited the N.Y. Mirror. In 1832, he pub. " Dreams and Reveries of a Quiet Man." Hem. in 1833; spent 3 years travel ling in Europe, and wrote the " Minute-Book," a journal of travels. His first novel, " Norman Leslie," appeared in 1835. He was U.S. sec. of legation at Berlin from 1837 to 1853 ; resident minister at Berne, Switzerland, 1853-60. He pub. in 1840 "The Countess Ida ; " in 1843, " Hoboken," a romance of New York; in 1851, " Ulric, or the Voices," a poem in 19 cantos (to which a 20th was added in "The Knickerbocker Gallery" in 1855); "Sidney Clifton," 1839; "Robert Rueful," 1844 ; " Views of Christianity," 1856 ; a series of papers on Shakspeare, a variety of fugitive pieces in prose and verse, and a " History of Switzerland." Fearon, HENRY BRADSHAW, a London surgeon, author of " A Narrative of a Journey of 5,000 Miles through the Eastern and Western States of America," Lond., 8vo, 1818. Featherstone, W. S., brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Tenn. ; killed near Atlanta, Ga., July 20, 1864. Emigrating to Mpi., he rep. that State in Congress in 1847-51. Featherstonhaugh, GEORGE WILLIAM, F.R.S., author; d. Havre, France, 28 Sept. 1866. Author of translation of the "Republic" of Cicero, 1828 ; " Excursion through the Slave States," 8vo, 1844; "Geology of Green Bay and Wisconsin," 1836; " Geological Report," 1834, of the country between the Mo. and Red Rivers ; " Observations on the Ashburton Treaty," 1842; "Canoe Voyage to the Min- 319 FEU, nesota," 1847, 2 vols. ; " Geol. Reconnoissance in 1835 to Coteau de Prairie," 1836. Having resided many years in the West, which he had extensively explored, he was made by the British Govt. a commissioner to settle the northern boundary of the U.S. under the Ash- burl on Treaty, and was afterward British con sul to Calvados and Seine, France. Febiger, CHRISTIAN, col. Revol. army, b. Denmark, 1747; d. Phila., Sept. 20, 1796. He had seen service before enlisting, Apr. 28, 1 775, and at Bunker s Hill led a portion of Ger- rish s regt., of which he was adj., to the scene of battle in season to do good service. He served with marked ability throughout the war ; accomp. Arnold to Quebec, and was made pris oner in the attack on that citadel ; was con spicuous at the capture of Stony Point, where he led a column of attack, and at Yorktown, where he com. the 2d Va. regt. From 1789 nntil his death, he was treas. of Pa. Fechter (fek -ter), CHARLES, actor, b. London, 1823. His father was a German, his mother English. He was educated in France, and became a sculptor ; but, being drawn to the stage, made his dbut at the Salle Moliere ; ap peared at Berlin in 1846, and Oct. 27, 1860, at the Princess Theatre, London, as Ruy Bias ; Mar. 19, 1861, he appeared as Hamlet; Jan. 1, 1863, he leased the Lyceum, London, and opened as Lagadere, in " The Duke s Motto." He made his American debut in Ruy Bias at Niblo s, N.Y., Jan. 10, 1870. In Oct. 1870, he opened at the Globe Theatre, Boston. Feke, ROBERT, one of the earliest Ameri can artists. Descended from Henry, who emi grated to Lynn, Ms., in 1630, a branch of whose family settled at Oyster Bay, L. I., whence, it is said, Robert came to R. I. He left home when young, and, according to a writer in the Hist. Mag. (1859-60), was taken prison er, and carried to Spain, where he beguiled his captivity by making rude paintings, with the proceeds of which he returned home. Set tled at Newport, and made professional visits to N.Y., Phila., and other cities. He d. in Bar- badoes, a. ab. 44. His first portraits are dated 1 746. Tuckerman. Felch, ALPHEUS, jurist and statesman, b. Limerick, York Co., Me., Sept. 28, 1806. Bowd. Coll. 1827. He emigrated to Mich, when quite young ; was a member of the State legisl. in 1836-7 ; was bank commissioner in 1838-9; auditor-gen, of the State in 1842; judge of the Supreme Court, from 1842 to 1845; gov. of Mich, in 1846-7, and U.S. sen ator, 1847-53. One of the commissioners to settle land-claims in Cal , under the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, in 1853-6. Delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1864. Lanman. Fell, J. WELDON, M.D., b. U.S. ; removed to London, where he was allowed to treat the patients of Middlesex Hospital for cancerous diseases upon a new plan. He pub in 1857 "A Treatise on Cancer," Lond., 8vo. Alii- bone. Fellows, GEN. JOHN, Revol. officer, b. Pomfret, Ct,, 1733; d. Sheffield, Ms., Aug. 1, 1808. He saw service in the French war ; was a member of the Prov. Congress in 1775 , led a regt. of minute-men to Boston immediately after the battle of Lexington, and, as a brig, gen. of militia (app. June 25, 1776), com. a brigade at Long Island, at White Plains, and at Bemis s Heights, where he was instrumental in the capture of Burgoyne. After the war, he was high sheriff of Berkshire. Fellows, COL. JOHN, author, b. Sheffield, Ms., 1760 ; d. N.Y. City, Jan. 3, 1844. Y.O- 1783. He pub. a work on the authorship of Junius, a "Life of Gen. Putnam," 12mo, 1843, and " Exposition of the Mysteries or Re ligious Dogmas and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, Pythagoreans, and Druids," also an " Inquiry into Freemasonry," 8vo. Felt, REV. JOSEPH BARLOW, LL.D., (Dartm. Coll. 1857), antiquarian scholar and author, b. Salem, Dec. 22, 1789 ; d. there Sept. 8, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1813. Licensed to preach in 1815; pastor at Sharon, Ms., in 1821-4, and at Hamilton, Ms., 1824-34. Com missioned by Gov. Everett, in Apr. 1836, to arrange the Ms. State papers, he had them clas sified and bound. In 1845, he procured from the English archives duplicates of records which had been lost, completing his labors on the State archives in 1846. Pres. of the N.E. Hist. Geneal. Society, 1850-3 ; librarian of the Ms. Hist. Soc., Boston, from Apr. 28, 1842, to 1858; recording sec. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 1839-59, and member of many hist, societies. He pub. " Annals of Salem," 1827 ; " Hist, of Ipswich, Essex, and Hamilton," 1834; " Ecclesiastical History of N. England," 2 vols., 1855-62 ; " Class of Alumni of Dartm. Coll., 1813 ; " " Hist, of Ms. Currency," 1839 ; "Notice of Roger Conant," 8vo, 1848 ; " The Customs of New Eng.," 8vo, 1853 ; " Genealo gical Items tor Gloucester and Lynn," 1850-1 ; "Memoir of Hugh Peters," 1851 ; "Memori als of Wm. S. Shaw," 1852, and occasional addresses. Felton, CORNELIUS CONWAT, LL.D., (Amh. Coll. 1848), scholar and writer, b. W. Newbury, Ms., Nov. 6, 1807; d. Chester, Pa., Feb. 26, 1862. H.U. 1827. During a portion of his junior year, he taught mathematics in the Round Hill School at Northampton, Ms. After leaving coll., he taught in the Livings ton High School, Geneseo, N.Y. App. Latin tutor in H.U. in 1829, Greek tutor in 1830, prof, of Greek in 1832, Eliot prof, of Greek literature in 1834, and was inaug. pres. 19 July, 1860. In 1833 he pub. an edition of Homt-r, with English notes, and Flaxman s illustrations ; in 1840 a translation of Menzel s "German Literature," 3 vols. ; a Greek Reader with Eng lish notes and a vocabulary; and in 1841 the " Clouds " of Aristophanes. In connection with Profs. Sears and Edwards, he pub. in 1 843 "Ancient Literature and Art." He assisted Prof. Longfellow in " The Poets and Poetry of Europe," in 1845; edited the Pancgyricus of Isocrates and the Agamemnon of JEschylus ; translated from the French Guyot s "Earth and Man," 1849; and edited the "Birds of Aris tophanes; " a selection from the writings of Prof. Popkin, in 1852; and pub. a vol. of selections from the Greek historians. In 1853-4 he made a European tour ; in 1855 he revised for publication Smith s "History of Greece," and an edition of Lord Carlisle s " Diary in Turk- FEN 320 ish and Greek Waters." In 1856 a selection by him from modern Greek writers was pub. He also compiled a work on Greek and Roman metres ; was the author of a life of Gen. Eaton, in Sparks s "Amer. Biog.," various occasional addresses, and of numerous contributions to the N. Amer. Review, Christian Examiner, and oth er periodicals. A series of vigorous articles on Spiritualism, in the .Boston Courier in 1857- 8, proceeded from his pen. He delivered 3 courses of lectures before the Lowell Institute, Boston, on the history and literature of Greece, and was a contrib. to the New Amer. Cyclop. Member of Mass. Board of Educa. a regent of the Smithsonian Institution, and member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Fendall, JOSIAS, gov. of Md. 1656-60. Ordered in 1655, by Gov. Stone, to seize the public stores at Patuxent, Capt. Fendall was made a prisoner, Mar. 29, in the fight which ensued, and, having afterward raised another insurrection, was, as a reward for his supposed services to the Proprietary Govt., app. gov. July 10, 1656. Having turned against his pa tron, he was superseded Dec. 1660, was tned in Feb. 1661, and sentenced to be banished, but, on his humble petition to the gov. and council, was pardoned, and moderately fined. In July, 1681, he was fined heavily, and ban ished, f6r seditious practices. Chalmers ; Bozman. Fennell, JAMES, actor and author, b. London, 1766; d. Phila. June 14, 1816. He quitted the study of law for the stage, appear ing in 1787 at the Edinb. Theatre as Othello, always his favorite part. He afterward played at York, and in 1789 at Covent Garden; next wrote for the Theatrical Guardian, and in 1791 pub. "Lindcl and Clara, or a Trip to Gibraltar," a comedy. He lived a while in Paris, ostentatiously, but in 1792 engaged with Wignell of Phila. Performed in many thea tres, and, possessing a handsome figure and considerable talent, was the idol of the play goers, but ruined himself by dissipation, and in 1802 was imprisoned fcmdebt. About 1804 he retired from the stage, and established salt works on an original plan, near New London, Ct., a ruinous enterprise. In 1806 he com menced a starring tour. At one time, he kept an acad. in Charlestown, Ms. His other works are "The Wheel of Truth," "Picture of Paris," and "An Apology for My Life," 2 vols. 1814. "His Othello, Zanga, and Glen- alvon, were fine pieces of acting, and generally his villains appeared verv natural." His fea tures were very expressive, and wonderfully under his command. Rees ; Clapp. Fenner, ARTHUR, gov. of R.I. 1789- 1805, b. Providence, 1745; d. there Oct. 15, 1805. His ancestors were among the earliest inhabitants of Providence. Previously to his election as gov., he was clerk of the Superior Court. Fenner, JAMES, LL.D. (B.U.), politician, b. Providence, 1771 ; d. there April 17, 1846. Brown U. 1789. Son of the preceding U.S. senator 1805-7; gov. 1807-11, 1824-31, and again in 1844-5. Fenouillet (feh-noo -ya ) EMILE DE, journalist, b. Hyeres, France ; d. Quebec, June 30, 1859. He studied law; was a writer for the Paris press ; came to Quebec in Oct. 1854, and edited the Journal de Quebec, and was prof, of history and literature at the Laval Normal School. He was the contrib. of able articles to the Journal de / Instruction Publique. Morgan. Fenton, REUBEN E., politician, b. Carroll, Chautauquc Co., N. Y., July 1,1819. Educated at Pleasant Hill and Fredonia Academies, and studied law, but became a merchant. Super visor of the town of Carroll in 1843; M.C. 1853-5 and 1857-65; gov. of N.Y. 1865-9; and was chosen U.S. senator in 1869. Fenwick, BENEDICT J., R. C. bishop of Boston, b. St. Mary s Co., Md., 1782; d. Bos ton, Aug. 11, 1846. Joining the Jesuits, he became pres. of Georgetown Coll., and was consecrated, Nov. 1, 1825, bishop of Boston. His administrative abilities were of the highest order. He found two churches and two priests in his diocese, which, at his death, had in creased to fifty of the former, and sixty of the latter. Fenwick, EDWARD, D.D., R. C. bishop of Ohio, b. Md.; d. Wayne Co., O., Oct. 6, 1832. Consecrated 1822. Fenwick, GEORGE, proprietor of part of Ct. ; d. 1 657, in Eng. Came to America m 1 636 to take charge of the plantation of Say brook. Returning to England, he came back again in 1639, and from that time, as one of the paten tees, and agent for others, superintended and governed Saybrook till Dec. 5, 1644, when he sold its jurisdiction and territory to the Ct. Colony. After his return to Eng. he was app. one of the judges for the trial of Charles I. Fenwicke, JOHN, Quaker, and founder of a colony in N. J., b. Eng. 1618 ; d. poor, in 1683, after he had conveyed his claim to Wm. Penn. He obtained in 1673 a grant of land in West Jersey ; emig. in 1675, and settled in Salem. His claim to the proprietorship was disputed by Gov. Andros, who arrested him in 1678, and confined him in prison for two years. See L. Q. C. Elmer, Early Settlement of Cumberland Co., N.J. Fenwick, JOHN R., brig.-gen. U S.A., b. Charleston, S.C., 1780; d. Marseilles, France, March 19, 1842. He was early in life disting. for his literary acquirements, having received an excellent education in Eng. App. lieut of marines, Nov. 10, 1799; capt. Aug. 1809; lieut.-col. light art. Dec. 2, 1811; severely wounded in assault on Queenstown Heights, Oct. 13, 1812, and made prisoner; brev. col for gallant conduct on Niagara frontier, Mar. 18, 1813; adj.-gen. March 18, 1813; col. 4th Art. May 8, 1822; brev. brig.-gen. March 18, 1823. Gardiner. Fereira (fgr-ra -e-ra), ALEXANDRE ROD- RIGUES, Brazilian naturalist and traveller, b. Bahia, 1756; d. 1815. From 1784 to 1793, he explored Brazil. Ferguson, ELIZABETH ; d. on her farm in Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 23, 1801, a. 61. Dau. of Dr. Thomas Graham of Phila., by Anne, grand-dau. of Gov. Keith. She was well educated, enjoyed the friendship of many eminent men, and "translated " Telemachus " into verse. Her husband joined the British in the Revol., and never returned to her. His 321 FES estate was confiscated ; but a part of it was restored to her by the legisl. in 1781. Ferguson, MAJOR PATRICK, a British officer ; killed at the battle of King s Mountain, Oct. 7, 1 780, a. 36. Son of James of Pitfour, an eminent jurist, and a nephew of Lord Eli- bank. At the age of 18, he entered the army in Flanders ; came to Amer. in the spring of 1777 ; was engaged in the battle of Brandy- wine ; was active on the Hudson in 1779, and so disting. himself at the siege of Charleston in 1780, that he was particularly mentioned by Sir H. Clinton, and app. major 71st regt. Detached by Cornwallis in the Sept. following to the upper part of S. C., he soon found himself surrounded by the hardy mountaineers of that region ; and, after a gallant defence, he was defeated and slain. He was a brave and enterprising soldier, and reputed to be the best marksman in the army. Lossing. Ferland, L ABBE, M. J. B. A., author, b. Montreal, Dec. 25, 1805; d. Quebec, Jan. 8, 1864. Educated at Kingston and the Coll. of Nicollet ; adm. to holy orders in 1823; served one year as under sec. to Cardinal Plessis; afterwards prof, of arts, rhetoric, and philosophy, at Nicollet ; priest, 1828; vicar at Rivier de Loup and St. Roch, Quebec ; first chaplain of the marine hospital during the cholera of 1834 ; successively cure of St. Isidore, St. Foix, and, in 1837, of St. Anne of Beaupre ; stipt. at Nicollet, 1841, and superior in 1847. In 1848, he became a resident of the archiepiscopal palace, Quebec. In 1855, he went to France to collect materials for the early hist, of Canada. Prof, at the Laval U., June 10, 1855; and afterwards deacon of the faculty. He pub. " Observations on the History of Canada," 1851 ; "Notes on the Registers of Notre Dame de Quebec ; " "A Voyage to Labrador ; " " Courses of History of Canada, from 1534 to 1633 ; " "Journal of a Voyage to the Coast of Gaspe," with other narratives, and " Life of Bishop Plessis," 1863. Fernandez (fSr-nan -de th), DIEGO, Span ish historian and soldier, b. Palencia ; embarked for Peru in 1545, and became, in 1555, histori ographer of the viceroy, Hurtado de Mendoza. His " Hist, of Peru," 1571, is said to be the best contemporary work on that subject. Fernandez, JUAN, a Spanish pilot and navigator. Discovered in 1563 the two islands which bear his name, and planted a colony on the larger one; d. 1576. The adventures of Alexander Selkirk on this island are the basis of Defoe s " Robinson Crusoe." Ferry, ORRIS SANFORD, lawyer and sen., b. Bethel, Ct., Aug. 15, 1823. Y. C. 1844. Adm. to the bar in 1846 ; began practice at Norwalk, Ct. ; app. judge of probate in 1849 ; State senator in 1855-6 ; in 1856-9, dist. atty. forFairfield Co.; and in 1860-61, M.C. In July, 1861, as col. of the 5th Ct. vols., he joined Gen. Banks s corps in Md. ; brig. -gen. Mar. 17, 1862, and assigned a brigade in Shields s divis ion, from which he was transferred to Peck s division of the 4th army corps under Gen. Keyes. U.S. senator 1867 to his death, Nov. 21, 1875. Fersen, AXEL, Count, Swedish soldier, b. Stockholm, 1755; d. there June 20, 1810. 21 Educated at the military acad. of Turin ; accomp. his friend Stedingk to Versailles, and entered the " Royal Swedes." He came to Amer. as an aide-de-camp on the staff of Rochambeau, fought under Lafayette, and received from Washington the badge of Cin- cinnatus. Returning to France, he became col. of his old regt., and a favorite at court. In the memorable flight of the royal family to Varennes, he was the disguised coachman of the royal fugitives. On his return to Sweden, he was elevated to high trust and dignity. Ab. 1801, was made grand marshal of Sweden. He and his sister were favorites with the king and queen, but on that account were unpopular with the people. While marshal ling the funeral pageant of the deceased Prince Christian, he was seized by the mob, and deliberately tortured to death, on suspicion of complicity in his death. Fessenden, FRANCIS, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Portland, Me., 18 Mar. 1839 Bowd. Coll. 1858. Lawyer by profession. Son of Senator F. App. capt. 19th U.S. Inf. May 14, 1861 ; wounded at Shiloh ; col. 25th Me. vols. Oct. 1862 to Jan. 1863 ; com. 1st brigade, Abercombie s division, in the battle of Chantilly, Va. ; col. 30th Me. vols. in battle Sabine Cross Roads ; com. brigade in battles of Pleasant Hill and Monett s Bluff, La., and lost his leg ; brig.-gen. vols. May, 1864; brev. maj.-gen. vols., and brev. maj., lieut -col., col., and brig., and maj.-gen. U.S.A., for gallant and merit, services in the civil war. ; lieut.-col. 28th U.S. Inf. ; retired I Nov. 1866. Henry. Fessenden, SAMUEL, LL.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1846), lawyer, b. Fryeburg, Me., July 16, 1784 ; d. near Portland, Me., Mar. 13, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1806. Adm. to the bar in 1809, he began practice at New Gloucester, and soon took high rank as a lawyer. Member of the Ms. Gen. Court, 1814-16, and of the senate in 1818-19 ; maj.-gen. of militia, 1818-32. Removing to Portland in 1822, he was its representative in the Me. legisl. in 1825-6, and was some years Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Masons of Maine. One of the original members of the antislavery party in Me., and from 1845 to 1847 was the candidate of the Liberal party for gov. Senator Fessenden was his son. He pub. two orations, and a treatise on the institution, duties, and importance of juries. Alumni of D.C. Fessenden, THOMAS GREEN, poet and agric. writer, b. Walpole, N.H., Apr. 22, 1771 ; d. Boston, Nov. 11, 1837. Dartm. Coll. 1796. He studied law ; but the popularity of a little poem, "Jonathan s Courtship," led him to the pursuit of literature. While in Lond. in 1803, and in want of money, he produced " Terri ble Tractoration," a popular poem in Hudi- brastic verse, advertising Perkins s metallic tractors, and satirizing the medical profession. In 1804, he settled in Boston, and pub. there, in 1806, " Democracy Unveiled," a political satire in verse, and other pieces of a similar character ; then edited the Weekly Inspector at New York City two years. In 1812, he practised law at Bellows Falls, Vt. ; removed to Brattleboro in 1815, where he pub. the Reporter, a political ITES 322 paper; and from 1816 to 1822 edited at Bellows Falls the Intelligencer. From 1822 till his death, he pub. at Boston the N. E. Farmer, a weekly agric. journal of great value, also pub lishing from time to time various treatises on agric. subjects, and editing the Horticult. Regis ter. His other writings are, " Original Poems ; " "The Ladies Monitor," 1818; "American Clerk s Companion," 1815 ; "Laws of Patents," 1822. Fessenden, WILLIAM PITT, LL.I).(Bowd. Coll. 1858), lawyer and senator, b. Boscawen, N.H., 6 Oct. 1806; d. Portland, Me., 8 Sept. 1869. Bowd. Coll. 1823. Son of Gen. Samuel. Adm. to the bar in 1827 ; from 1829 he practised in Portland, attaining the first rank ; member of the legisl. in 1832 and 1840; M. C. 1841-3; again in the State legisl. in 1845-7 and 1853-5, and U.S. senator from 23 Feb. 1 854, to his death, excepting his term of office as sec. U.S. treas., July, 1864-Mar. 1865. Member of the conventions that nominated Clay, Taylor, and Scott for the presidency. He was one of the founders of the Repub. party in Me. Mar. 3, 1854, he made a most effective speech against the Nebraska Bill, and was prom inent in debate, and a leading member of the finance committee. Throughout the Rebellion, as chairman of this committee, and as sec. of the treasury, he aided in maintaining the national credit. He was one of the few Repub. senators who voted for the acquittal of Pres. Johnson on his impeachment trial. He was one of the foremost senators of his time, and as a speaker excelled in clear and compact state ment. Feuillie (fuh -ya ), Louis, French botanist and astronomer, b. near Forealquier, Provence, 1660; d. Marseilles, 1732. Companion of J. Cassini in a scientific tour to the Levant. In 1703-12, he travelled in S. America. Author of a " History of the Medicinal Plants of Peru and Chili," 3 vols., 1714; and "Journal of Observations made on the Eastern Coasts of S. America and the W. Indies," 2 vols., 1714. Few, COL. WILLIAM, Revol. patriot, b. Bal timore Co., Md., June 8, 1748; d. Fishkill, N.Y., July 16, 1828. His ancestor, Wm. Ffew, came with Wm. Penn to Amer. In 1758, the family removed to Orange Co., N.C., where Wm. received a good education. Removing to Ga. in 1776, he was chosen to the conven tion for framing a State constitution, and to the assembly, and app. one of the council. As a col., he disting. himself in several actions with the British and Indians; became in 1778 surveyor-gen., and pres. judge of the Richmond Co. Court; delegate to the Old Congress from Jan. 1780, until 1783, and in 1786; assisted in framing the National Constitution in 1787, and in its adoption by his State. En gaging in 1 784 in the practice of law, he soon became eminent in the profession. Member of the const, convs. of Ga. in 1796 and 1798; U.S. senator, 1789-93, and 3 years on the Ga. bench. Removing to N.Y. in the summer of 1799, he became a member of the legisl., U.S. commissioner of loans, and mayor of the city. He rendered much service to" the State in adjusting difficulties with the Indians. Field, CYRUS WEST, merchant, son of Rev. Dr. Field of Stockbridge, b. Stockbridge. Ms., Nov. 30, 1819. He went to N.Y. in 1835, and from a clerkship rose to the head of a prosperous mercantile house. In 1853, he spent 6 months in S. Amer. travel. On his return, he became deeply interested in the pro ject of a telegraph across the ocean. Early in 1854, he was instrumental in procuring a charter from the legisl. of Newfoundland, grant ing an exclusive right, for 50 years, to establish a telegraph from the continent of America to Newfoundland, and thence to Europe, associat ing himself with Peter Cooper, Moses Taylor, and other citizens of N.Y., under the title of the " N.Y., Newfoundland, and London Tele graph Company." In 1856, he organized the "Atlantic Telegraph Company," to continue the line from Newfoundland to Ireland ; sub sequently procured from the British and Amer. Govts. aid in money and ships, and accom panied the expeds. in 1857 and 1858, for the purpose of laying the cable across the Atlantic Ocean. After two failures, Mr. Field and his coadjutors succeeded, and began to operate with the Atlantic Telegraph, in Aug. 1866 Field, DAVID DUDLEY, D.D. (Wins. ColL 1837), Cong, clergyman, b. E. Guilford, Ct., May 20, 1781 ; d. Stockbridge, Ms., April 15, 1867. Y.C. 1802. Son of Capt. Timo. Field, a Revol. officer. Minister of Haddam, Ct., from Apr. 11, 1804, to 1818; of Stockbridge, Ms., from Aug. 25, 1819, to 1837 ; and" again over the same church at Haddam from April 11, 1837, until 1851, when he returned to Stockbridge. He pub. a " History of Middle sex County," 8vo, 1839 ; a " History of Berk shire County," 1829 ; an " Historical Address " at Middletown ; "Hist, of Pittsfield," 1844; and a "Genealogy of the Brainerd Family," 1857; also some occasional sermons. Of his sons, David Dudley is a leading lawyer of N.Y. ; Stephen J. is one of the judges of the U.S. Supreme Court ; Cyrus W. is the originator of the Atlantic Telegraph ; and Henry M. is editor of the N.Y. Evangelist. Field, DAVID DUDLEY, jurist, b. Haddam, Ct., Feb. 13, 1805. Wms. Coll. 1824. Adm. to the bar in 1828, he commenced practice in N.Y., where he has been conspicuous for more than 40 years. In 1839, he pub. his first essay on law reform, followed by others in 1842, 44, 46, and 47. App. by the legisl. a commissioner on practice and pleadings, he took a leading part in preparing the code of procedure. In 1857, Mr. Field was app. by the legisl. of N.Y. at the head of a new com mission to prepare a political code, a penal code, and a civil code, designed to contain the whole body of the law. Author of many political pamphlets, and took a deep interest in the great questions of the day, and, in the late war, was active with voice, pen, and purse in aid of his country. Field, HENRY MARTYN, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1862), clergyman and journalist, bro. of the preceding, b. Stockbridge, Ms., Apr. 3, 1822. Wms. Coll. 1838. He became pastor of a church, Apr. 11, 1843, at St. Louis; re signed in 1847, and travelled in Europe. Re turning to America in the autumn of 1848, he pub. an historical sketch of the Italian revolu- 323 tions, and a letter from Rome on the " Good and the Bad in the Roman-Catholic Church." He pub. a book on the Irish rebellion of 1798, entitled " The Irish Confederates," 12mo, 1851. In Jan. 1851, he settled at West Spring field, Ms., whence, in Nov. 1854, he removed to New York to become one of the editors of ihe Evangelist, In 1858, he again visited Europe, and pub. " Summer Pictures from Copenhagen to Venice," N.Y., 1859 ; "Hist, of the Atlantic Telegraph." Field, JOSEPH M., actor and dramatist, b. Eng. ; d. Mobile, Ala., Jan. 30, 1856. Possess ing fine literary taste and acquisitions, he was an ornament to his profession, being one of the best comedians of his time. As a dramatist, he signalized himself in the production of several excellent local pieces, the best of which is " The Tourist." As " Straws " of the New- Orleans Picayune, he acquired great celebrity, contributing for some years fugitive pieces of poetry to its columns, of great merit. Lat terly he had been editor and proprietor of the St. Louis Reveille, and at his decease was lessee and manager of the Mobile Theatre. He pub. " The Drama in Pokerville, and other Stories, by Everpoint," 8vo, Phila., 1847. Married Eliza Riddle 1836." Field, RICHARD STOCKTON, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1859), jurist, b. Whitehill, N.J., 31 Dec. 1803 ; d. Princeton, N.J., May 25, 1870. N. J. Coll. 1821. Nephew of Richard, signer of the Decl. of Imlep. Son of Robert C. Prof. N.J. Law School, 1847-55; atty.-gen. of N.J. some years; U.S. senator, 1862-3, and U.S. dist. judge for N.J. from 1863 to his d. Delegate to the Phila. Convent, of 1866, and an unflinching advocate of the Union cause during the Rebel lion. Author of " The Provincial Courts of N.J.," 8vo, 1849 ; addresses, and contribs. to the Colls. N.J. Hist. Society. Field, STEPHEN JOHNSON, jurist, b. Had- dam, Ct., Nov. 4, 1816. Wms. Coll. 1837. Son of David Dudley. In his youth, he trav elled in Europe and the East; studied law with his bro. David D. in N.Y., and was his partner ; went to Cal. in 1849 ; was in 1850 elected first alcalde of Marysville ; was in Oct. elected to the legisl. ; judge of the State Supreme Court, 1857-63, and chief justice ; app. judge of the U.S. Supreme Court, Mar. 10, 1863. Fields, JAMES THOMAS, poet and publish er, b. Portsmouth, N.H., 31 Dec. 1817. A.M. . of H.U. 1858. In his 18th year, he delivered an anniversary poem before the Mercantile Library Association of Boston. In 1848 he read a poem, entitled " The Post of Honor," before the same society. He was a member of the Boston publishing-house of Ticknor & Fields, afterwards Fields, Osgood, & Co. He collected and pub. De Quincey s writings in 22 vols. 16mo. Editor Atlantic Monthly, 1862-June, 1871. He pub. a volume of poems soon after his return from Europe in 1849; a similar vol., for private distribution, in 1854; and another in 1858, entitled " A Few Verses for a Few Friends." Fillmore, MILLARD, 13th pres. of the U.S., b. Summer Hill, Cayuga Co., N.Y., Jan. 7, 1800. At an early age, he was sent to Liv ingston Co. to learn the clothier s trade, and about four months later he was apprenticed tc a wool-carder in the town in which his father lived. During the four years that he worked at his trade, he did what he could to supply the defects of his early education. At the age of 19, he commenced the study of law, and devoted a portion of his time to teaching school. In 1821, he removed to Erie Co., and pursued his legal studies in Buffalo. Two years later, he commenced practice at Aurora; in 1827 was adm. as an attorney, and in 1829 as a counsellor, in the Supreme Court ; and in 1830 he removed to Buffalo. Here he associated with himself in business Nathan K. Hall, after ward U.S. postmaster-general. He was a member of the assembly in 1829-32 ; M.C. 1833-5 and in 1837-41, and took a prominent part in the business of the house. He disting. himself in the N.Y. legisl. by his advocacy of the act to abolish imprisonment for debt, passed in 1831. In Congress, he supported the inter nal improvement and protective tariff policy of the Whig party. He supported Mr. Adams in the struggle upon the question of the recep tion of petitions for the abolition of slavery ; opposed the annexation of Texas with slavery ; favored the abolition of the slave-trade between the States, and of slavery in the Dist. of Col. As chairman of the committee of ways and means in the 27th Congress, Mr. Fillraore was the author of the tariff of 1842. He then re sumed his profession in Buffalo; was in 1847 elected State comptroller; in 1848 was nom. and elected by the Whigs as vice-pres., and re mained in that position until the death of Pres. Taylor, July 9, 1850, by which he was elevated to the presidential chair. As vice-pres., he pre sided during the controversy on the " omnibus bill " with his usual impartiality. During his presidency, the compromise measures, embra cing substantially the provisions of Mr. Clay s bill, were passed. His administration is disting. by the exped. of Com. Perry to Japan, which sailed in the autumn of 1852, and which resulted in a favorable treaty with that country. He visited Europe in 1855-6. In 1856, he was the candidate of the American party for the presidency; d. Buffalo, March 8, 1874. Findlay, GEN. JAMES, soldier and poli tician, b. Franklin Co., Pa., ab. 1775 ; d. Cin cinnati, O., Dec. 28, 1835. He emigrated to Cin. in 1793 ; was one of the legislative council of the Territory in 1798 ; a prominent Democ. leader : often a member of the legisl. ; and was receiver of public moneys in Cin. Dist. from the first establishment of land-ofiices until 1824 ; col. 2d O. vols. in 1812, serving under Gen. Hull at Detroit. M.C. 1825-33 ; candidate for gov. 1834. Findlay, WILLIAM, bro. of James, gov. of Pa. 1817-20; U.S. senator, _ 1821-7 ; b Mercersburg, Pa., 1768; d. Harrisburg, Nov. 15, 1846. Another bro., JOHN, was M.C. 1823-7. Findley, WILLIAM, politician, b. in north of Ireland, ab. 1750; d. Unity Township, Westmoreland Co., Pa., April 5, 1821. Ha came to Pa. in early life ; served in the Revol. war, and at its close moved to Western Pa. Intelligent, and a fluent speaker, he soon be came a politician ; was a member of the legisl., 324 and of the State Const. Conv., and M.C. 1791- 9, and 1803-17. With Gallatin be opposed the adoption of the U.S. Constitution, and in politics was a supporter of Jefferson. He pub. a " Review of the Funding System in 1794," a " History of the Insurrection in Western Pa. in 1796," and "Observations," vindicating religious liberty against S. B. Wylie. Pink, FREDERICK, artist, grandson of Maj. F. of the Revol. army, b. Little Falls, N.Y., Dec. 18, 1817; d. 1849. Educated for a physician under Dr. Beck of Albany, he joined his bro. in mercantile pursuits, and later studied painting with Morse. At 18, he became known by his portrait of W. S. Parker, ob tained commissions, and went to Europe. Among his excellent genre pictures are " An Artist s Studio," " Shipwrecked Mariner," " Young Thieves," " Negro Wood-Sawyer," &c. Tiickerman. Finley, JAMES BRADLEY, clergyman and author, b. N.C., July 1, 1781 ; d. Eaton, O., Sept. 6, 1857. His father was a Presb. minis ter, and removed to Ky., where he opened an academy. The son entered the Ohio M. E. conference in 1809; was a missionary to the Wyandot Indians from 1821 to 1827 ; was chaplain of the Ohio Penitentiary in 1845-9, and was subsequently connected with a church in Cincinnati. Author of "Wyandot Mis sion," 1840; "Prison-Life," "Autobiogra phy," " Sketches of Western Methodism," and " Life among the Indians," 1860. Finley, ROBERT, D.D., Presb. divine and philanthropist, b. Princeton, N. J., 1772 ; d. Athens, Ga., Oct. 3, 1817. N. J. Coll. 1787. D.D. 1817. James, his father, came from Scot land in 1769. From 1793 to 1817, he was connected with N. J. Coll. as tutor or trustee, and 16 June, 1795, was ord. pastor of Basking- ridge. He originated the plan of colonizing emancipated blacks in Africa, and was instru mental in forming the Constitution, and in or ganizing the Colonization Society. In July, 1817, he was installed pres. of Franklin Coll., Athens, Ga. He pub. sermons, and papers on colonization. Sprarjue. Finley, SAMUEL, D.D. (U. of Glasgow, 1763), scholar and Presb. divine, b. Armagh, Ireland, 1715; d. Phila., July 17, 1766. He arrived in Phila., 28 Sept. 1734, and was li censed to preach, Aug 5, 1740. Ord. at N. Brunswick, 13 Oct. 1 742. He at once occupied himself in itinerant labors during the remark able revival of that day. His zeal brought him into trouble; for preaching in N. Haven, Ct., contrary to a law of the Colony forbidding itinerants to enter parishes of settled ministers without their consent, he was seized by the authorities, and carried as a vagrant beyond its limits, in Sept. 1743. From July 14, 1744, to 1761, he was settled at Nottingham, Pa., at the same time carrying on an acad., which ac quired a high reputation. On the death of Pres. Davies, he was chosen his successor, re moved to Princeton in July, 1761, and left the coll., at his decease, in a flourishing condition. He edited the sermons of Pres. Davies, and pub. some sermons and discussions. WM. PERRO NEAU FIXLET, LL.D. 1849, pres. of Charleston Coll , is his grandson. N.J. Coll. 1820. Finn, HENRY J., comedian and humorist, b. Sydney, Cape Breton, ab. 1785 ; d. Jan. 13, 1840. In 1799, he came to N.Y. ; studied law 2 years, then sailed for Eng. on the invitation of a rich uncle residing there ; was shipwrecked, and, after many days exposure in an open boat, was picked up, and taken into Falmouth. The death of his relative, who made no provision for him, obliged him to resort to the stage for support. He played at the Hay market Theatre with success, and, returning to Amer. in 1811, made his first appearance at Montreal. He next performed in N.Y. In 1818, he visited Savannah, where he played Mercutio ; and in Jan. 1819, the Stranger, for his benefit, to a crowded house. In 1820, he was assoc. ed. and pub. of the Savannah Georgian. In 1821, he was again in London, where he lived by miniature-painting. He then attached himself to the Surrey Theatre as leading melodramat ic tragedian ; but the manager failed, and Finn returned to America. Oct. 22, 1822, he first appeared at the Federal-st. Theatre, Boston, which he at one time managed, and where he long continued a fivorite. The bills for his benefit-nights were usually made up of the most extraordinary puns. His forte was broad comedy. Besides being a great wit and pun ster, he excelled in the more serious walks of the drama, and early in life played Richard, Othello, Mark Antony, &c., with success. In 1829, he gave entertainments similar to Mathews s " At Home," in Portland, and was very successful. He was on his way to his res idence in Newport, when lost on the burning steamer " Lexington " in Long Island Sound. He pub. a " Comic Annual," a number of arti cles in the periodicals, a successful drama, " Montgomery, or the Falls of Montmorenci," was a frequent versifier, and turned off a song with great readiness. He m. Elizabeth, dan. of Snelling Powell, a well-known actor and manager of Boston. Finney, REV. CHARLES G., a celebrated preacher, b. Warren, Ct., Aug. 29, 1792. The son of a farmer, on reaching manhood he left the paternal estate, and commenced the study of law in Jefferson Co., N. Y., which ho quitted for the ministry, and was ord. in 1822. Great revivals followed his labors wherever he went. In 1835, he accepted a professorship in Oberlin Coll., O., of which he was pres. in 1852-66 ; since 1837, pastor 1st Cong. Church, Oberlin. Between 1848 and 1851, he resided in Eng., where his fervid eloquence created a powerful effect wherever he preached. He has pub. " Sermons on Important Subjects," 8vo, 1836 ; "Lectures on Revivals," 12mo, 1835; "On Sanctification," 16mo, 1840; "Systematic Theology," 2 vols. 8vo, 1847, and Lond., 1851 ; "Guide to the Saviour," 16mo, and several smaller works ; " Lectures to Professing Chris tians," 8vo, 1836;d. Oberlin, O., Aug. 16, 75. Firmin, GILES, divine and author, b. Suffolk Co., Eng., 1615; d. Ridgwell, Essex, Eng , Apr. 1697. He entered Cambridge U. in 1629, but left before graduating, and came to N.E. with Rev. John Wilson in 1632. He returned to Eng. before Oct. 1633, and cam a again to N.E. in 1637. He and Rev. John Higginson, afterwards of Salem, Mass., were JTIS 325 FIS employed by the synod of 1637 to take notes of its proceedings. He settled at Ipswich, where, Jan. 4, 1638-9, he was granted 100 acres of land, and practised medicine there ; adm. a freeman of Ms., May 22, 1639 ; m. Su san, dau. of Rev. Nathaniel Ward, before Dec. 26, 1639; clerk of the writs for Ipswich, from Dec. 1641 to June, 1642. Returning to Europe in the fall of 1644, he was wrecked near Cadiz, but arrived in Eng. in the follow ing summer. He was at Colchester in 1646, and in 1651 was settled at Shalford, whence he was ejected in 1662. He subsequently prac tised medicine, and preached at Ridgwell. His most famous work, " The Real Christian," 4to, 1 670, was several times reprinted, once in Boston. Author, also, of many theol. trea tises. See Memoir, by John Ward Dean. Fish, HAMILTON, LL.D., lawyer and statesman, son of Col. Nicholas, b. N.Y. City Aug. 3, 1808. Colurnb. Coll. 1827. Adm. to the bar in 1830 ; in 1837 was elected to the State legisl. ; M.C. from 1843 to 1845; lieut-gov. N.Y. 1847-9; gov. in 1849-51; U.S. sena tor from 1851 to 1857; sec. of State since 11 Mar. 1869. Pish, HENRY CLAY, D.D., b. Halifax, Vt., 1820. Pastor of the 1st Baptist Church, New ark, N.J. Author of " Primitive Piety Re vived," a prize essay, Bost. 1855 ; " History and Repository of Pulpit Eloquence," 2 vols. 8vo, 1856; "Pulpit Eloquence of the 19th Cen tury," 8vo, 1857 ; " Select Discourses from the German and French," 12mo, 1858. Fish, COL. NICHOLAS, Revol. officer, b. New York, Aug. 28, 1758; d. there June 20, 1833. At the age of 16, he entered N.J. Coll., which he soon left, and commenced the study of law in the office of John Morin Scott. In the spring of 1776, he was app. aide-de-camp to Gen. Scott; June 21, major of brigade under the same officer; Nov. 21, major of the 2d N.Y. regt. ; and, at the close of the war, was a lieut.-col. He was in both battles of Saratoga ; in 1778 was a division inspector, under Steu- ben ; com. a corps of light inf. at the battle of Monmouth; served in Sullivan s exped. against the Indians in 1779 ; was attached to the light inf., under Lafayette in 1780; and in 1781 took an active part with his regt. in the operations which resulted in the surrender of Cornwallis. He was major of the detach ment, under Hamilton, which so gallantly stormed a British redoubt at Yorktown. Col. Fish was an excellent disciplinarian, and pos sessed in a high degree the confidence of Washington. He was app. adj. -gen. of the State in Apr. 1786, an office which he held many years. He was a supervisor of the reve nue, under Washington in 1794, and an alder man of N.Y. City from 1806 to 1817. He was an active member of many of the benevolent, literary, and religious- institutions of his native city. He became pres. of the N.Y. So ciety of the Cincinnati in 1797. Am. Ann. Reg. viii. Fishburn, MAJ.-GEN. WILLIAM, Revol. soldier, d. Walterborough, S.C., Nov. 3, 1819, a. 59. He was on the staff of Gen. Wayne, to whom he was aide-de-camp at the capture of Stony Point. Member of the convention which framed the constitution of S.C., and subsequently a member of the State legisl. Fisher, ALEXANDER METCALP, prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. in Y.C., b. Frank lin, Ms., 1794; d. Apr. 22, 1822. Y.C. 1813. Tutor in 1815, and professor from 1817 till his death. Silliman s Journal of Science and the Arts contains some of his scientific papers. Fisher, ALVAN, painter, b. Needham, Ms., Aug. 9, 1792 ; d. Dedham, Ms., Feb. 14, 1863. He was intended for a mercantile life ; but at 18 his tastes led him to study his art with an ornamental painter named Pennyman. In 1814, he began portrait-painting; afterward he produced cattle-pieces and landscapes, but re sumed portrait-painting, which he carried on many years with success in Boston. His por trait of Spurzheim ^was much admired. Fisher, CHARLES, D.C.L., lawyer and statesman of N. B., b. York County, U.C. Grad. at King s Coll., N.B. Studied law, and was adm. to the bar. Elected to parlia ment in 1837 ; in Mar. 1865, he was rejected for advocating a union of the British Prov inces, but was elected again soon after. Member exec, council, 1848-51 ; app. in 1852 a commissioner to codify the prov. statutes; atty.-gen. Oct. 1854-May, 1856, and again in 1856-61, and since Apr. 1866; a delegate on the question of union in Oct. 1864, and again in July, 1866, to London, where its terms were arranged ; and in July, 1 865, was a delegate to the great trade con vention at Detroit. Fisher, ELLWOOD, editor and statistical writer, b. Oct. 1, 1808; d. Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 1, 1862. Though of Quaker descent, he was long known as an ardent and extreme defender of slavery, and for years advocated with his pen the secession of the Southern States. In 1850, he established, with this avowed object, the Southern Press, in Wash ington. Appleton. Fisher, JOHN CHARLTON, LL.D., Cana dian journalist; d. Sept. 1849, on board the steamer " Sarah Sands," whilst returning from Eng. After founding and editing the N.Y. Albion, he went to Quebec in 1823 to conduct the Official Gazette, but in 1831 was directed to suspend his political articles, as they were not in accordance with the views of the dominant party in Eng. ; and his paper was reduced to a mere official sheet. He then edited the Quebec Mercury some years, and in 1841 started the Conservative, a weekly jour nal. Pres. of the Quebec Literary and Hist. Society, and a man of high literary attain ments. Morgan. Fisher, JOHN Dix, M.D. (H.U. 1825), eminent as an instructor of the blind ; d. Mar. 3, 1850, a. 53. Brown U. 1820. He visited Europe, informed himself concerning the methods of instructing the blind, rendered efficient assistance in the organization and subsequent management of the Perkins Insti tution for the Blind at Boston, and was also a visiting physician to the Ms. Gen. Hospital. Author of " Description of the Small Pox, Varioloid," &c., 4to, Boston, 1834, 13 coL plates. Fisher, JONATHAN, minister of Blue Hill, IFI3 326 Me., from July 13, 1796, to his d., Sept. 22, 1847; b. New Braintree, Ms., Oct. 17, 1768. II. U. 1792. Licensed to preach, Oct. 1, 1793. A severe Calvinist. His whole life was a " pre- constrncted, fore-ordained system," orderly, methodical, and precise. His own industry and thrift were emulated by his people, who were remarkable also for morality and good principles. He was a good farmer, labored in (he building of his own house, made his own clock, painted portraits, was a prolific poet, and engraved on wood, with his pen knife, most of the animals mentioned in Scripture, and pub. them, with a description, in a book. He sometimes walked to Bangor, 70 miles, and home again. He was a good linguist, and compiled a Hebrew lexicon. Fisher, JOSHUA, M.D., physician, b. Dedham, Ms., May 17, 1748; d. Beverly, Ms., Mar. 15, 1833. H.U. 1766. Surgeon of a private armed ship in 1775; was captured, escaped to France, and afterwards settled in practice at Beverly. A zealous student of natural history, he bequeathed $20,000 to H.U. to found a professorship of that science. Pres. Ms. Mcd. Soc. He pub. a " Discourse on Narcotics," 1806. Dr. Walter Channing pub. a brief memoir of him. Williams s Med. Bioq. Fisher, MIERS, lawyer of Phila. ; d. 1819, a. 7 1 . Member of the Society of Friends. A man of science, and an eloquent orator. He pub. an " Answer to Paine s Age of Reason." Fisher, REDWOOD, statistician, b. Phila., 1782; d. there May 17, 1856. Some years a merchant of Phila., but removed to N.Y., edited a daily newspaper, and took an active part in public affairs. He pub. several vols. on " Political Economy," and possessed great information on statistical subjects. Fisher, THOMAS, poet and scientific writer, b. Phila., Jan. 21, 1801 ; d. there Feb. 12, 1856. He entered upon commercial pursuits ; was an active member of the Acad. of Nat. Sciences; pub. a " Dial of the Seasons," 1845 ; " Mathe matics Simplified and Made Attractive," 1853; and, in 1850, " Song of the Sea-Shells, and other Poems." Simpson. Fisher, WILLIAM MARK, painter, b. Bos ton, 15 Dec. 1841. Studied first with George limes; in 1864 at Paris, in the Life School and in the atelier of Gleyre ; again, in 1867, studied from Nature in the environs of Paris, painting many genre pictures, also landscape and cattle. Is a conscientious student, and wields a vigorous pencil. Fisk, FIDELIA, missionary to Persia, 184-3-58; d. Shelburne, Ms., 9 Aug. 1864. She had been a teacher, and pub. " Memorial of Mount Holyoke Seminary," " Woman and her Saviour in Persia," and at the time of her d. was engaged upon " Reminiscences of Mary Lyon." Fisk, JAMES, a Democ. politician, b. ab. 1762; d. Swanton, Vt., Dec. 1, 1844. Self educated. He studied law, rose to eminence in the profession ; was M.C. from 1805 to 1809, and from 1811 to 1815; was app. judge of the Territory of Ind. in 1812, but declined the office; in 1815 and 1816 was one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Vt. ; U.S. senator in 1817 and 1818; and subsequently, during 8 years, was collector of customs ip the Dist. of Vt. Fisk, JAMES, Jun., financier, Opera-Bouffe and Erie manager, b. Pownal, Vt., April 1, 1835. At the age of 18 he " managed " a ped dler s wagon in the New-Eng. towns, and was afterwards a clerk, and then partner, in the Boston dry-goods house of Jordan, Marsh, & Co. In N.Y. his rise has been vapid and brilliant. In 1863, he purchased the old Ston- ington line of steamers, and in Aug. 1868 placed on the route between Boston and N.Y. the magnificent Bristol line. In Oct. 1867, he was re-elected director of the Erie Railroad Co. In 1868, he bought Pike s Opera House, N.Y. ; purchased Bateman s interest in Opera Bouffe; and erected a thea re on 24th St., near 5th Av. Col. 9thN.Y.S.M. Assass. Jan. 6, 1872. Fiske, JOHN, capt. in the Revol. marine, b. Salem, Ms., Apr. 10, 1744; d. there Sept. 28, 1797. Son of Rev. Samuel of the First Church, Salem. He was in 1775 a master mariner, and was capt. of " The Tyrannicide," the first war-vessel commis. by the State of Ms., July 8, 1776. In her he made many successful cruises, and fought many sangui nary conflicts. Dec. 10, 1777, he took com. of the State ship " Massachusetts," a larger and better vessel. He acquired fame and for tune; after the war, engaged in commerce, and was made maj.-gen. of militia in 1792. Fisk, NATHAN, D.D. (H.U. 1792), divine, b. Weston, Ms., Sept. 20, 1733 ; d. Nov. 24, 1799. H.U. 1754. Ord. pastor 3d Church in Brookfield, May 28, 1758. He was a critical and learned scholar, though not a popular preacher. He wrote a number of essays for the Ms. Spy, under the title of " The Worces ter Speculator," also of " A Neighbor," and in the Ms. Magazine under that of " The General Observer," also for the Philanthropist in 20 Nos. His other works are " Sermon on the Settlement and Growth of Brookfield," 1775; "Oration on the Capture of Corn- wallis," 1781; " Dudieian Lecture," 1796; "A Volume of Sermons," 8vo, 1794; and the " Moral Monitor," 1801. Eliot. Fiske, NATHAN WILBY, prof, of intel lectual and moral philos. in Amh. Coll., Ms., b. Weston, Ms., Apr. 17, 1798; d. Jerusalem, May 27, 1847. D.C. 1817. He had charge of an acad. at New Castle for one year ; served as tutor in D.C. for two years; studied at the And. Theol. Sem., and in 1823-4 spent a winter in Savannah in missionary labors. Popular as a preacher. He was offered the professorship of mathematics and natural philosophy in Mid. Coll., Vt., which he de clined, but in 1824 accepted the professorship of languages in Amh. Coll., from which he was in 1836 transferred to the chair of philos. He pub. a " Manual of Classical Literature," from the German of Eschenburg, with addi tions, 3d edition, 1841; "Young Peter s Tour around the World," 16mo, N. Y. ; " Story of Aleck," &c., 18mo, Boston. Fisk, PLINY, missionary, b. Shelburne, Ms., June 24, 1792 ; d. Beirout, Syria, Oct. 23, 1825. Mid. Coll. 1814. He studied theologj at Andover, and sailed as a missionary to Pal IFIS 327 estine. Nov. 3, 1819. At Smyrna, he studied the Eastern languages; and in 1821 he went to Egypt, and thence across the deserts to Judaea, studying and preaching till he died. During his last illness, he was engaged in com pleting an English and Arabic dictionary. See Alvin Bond s Life of P. Fisk, 12mo, 1828. Fisk, REV. SAMUEL, clergyman, author, and soldier; d. Fredericksburg, Va., of wounds at the battle of the Wilderness, May 22, 1864. Amh. Coll. 1848. Author of "Letters from Europe," written for the Spriw /field Republican, signed "Dunn Browne." In 1861, he was pastor of a church at Madison, Ct., but entered sie army ; fought bravely in several battles ; was for some time a prisoner at Richmond, and at his death held the rank of capt. Fisk, WILLBDR, D.D. (Aug. Coll. 1829), Methodist minister and educator, b. Brattle- boro , Vt., Aug. 31, 1792; d. Middletown, Ct., Feb. 22, 1839. Brown U. 1815. To enable himself to defray the cost of his coll. course, he became private tutor in Col. Ridgeley s family, near Bait. He studied law, but entered the ministry in 1818, and became eminent, not withstanding ill health. He labored 2 years in Craftsbury, Vt. In 1819, he was app. to Charlestown, Ms. Deleg. to the gen. conference in 1824, and chosen to write the address to the British conference. Principal of the Wesleyan Acad. at Wilbraham, Ms., 1826-31. Deleg. to the gen. conference of 1828, and elected bishop of the Canada conf., but declined. At the gen. conf. of 1832, his appeals in behalf of Indian missions resulted in the organization of the Oregon mission. He was instrumental in founding Williamstown Acad., and from 1830 until his death was pres. of the U. of Middle- town, Ct. In search of health, he passed the winter of 1835 in Italy, and the summer of 1836 in Eng. Elected bishop in 1836, but declined. He pub. " Notes of Travels in Eu rope," 1 vol.Svo, illustrated, and some sermons and addresses. His Life and Writings have been pub. by Rev. Dr. Holdich, 8vo, 1842, N.Y. Pitch, EBENEZER, D.D. (H.U. 1800), pres. Wins. Coll. Aug. 1793-May, 1815. De scended from James, minister of Saybrook and of Norwich, Ct. ; b. Norwich, Ct., 26 Sept. 1756 ; d. W. Bloomfield, N.Y., 21 Mar. 1833. Y.C. 1777. Tutor there, 1780-3 and 1786-91, and principal of the Williamstown school from Oct. 1791 until its erection as a coll. Ord. 17 June, 1795 ; pastor of the Presb. Church of Bloomfield, N.Y., Nov. 29, 1815-Nov. 25, 1827. Fitch., ELIJAH, clergyman and poet, b. 1745 ; d. Hopkinton, Ms., Dec. 16, 1788. Y.C. 1 765. He received the honorary degree of A.M. from H.U. in 1770, and from 1771 to 1788 was minister of Hopkinton. He wrote " The Beauties of Religion, a Poem addressed to Youth," in 5 books, and a short poem entitled " The Choice," Providence, 1789. Fitch, JAMES, first minister of Norwich, Ct., b. Booking, Essex, Eng., Dec. 24, 1622 ; d. Lebanon, Nov. 18, 1702. After receiving an excellent classical education, he came to N.E. at the age of 16 ; spent seven years under the instruction of Hooker and Stone; was pastor at Saybrook in 1646-60; and subse quently of Norwich. He preached to the Mohegans in their own language, and gave them some of his land to induce them to culti vate. He wrote " The First Principles of the Doctrine of Christ," Boston, 1679, and same sermons. Hist. Mag., v., 217. Pitch, JOHN, inventor, builder of the first steamboat in America, b. E. Windsor, Ct., Jan. 21, 1743 ; d. Bardstown, Ky., July 2, 1798. He had a common school education ; followed various pursuits in his youth, and, having married unhappily, left what property he had to his wife and children, and sought a separate fortune. During the Revol., he was an armorer in the service, afterward a sutler, and as a silversmith, and manufacturer of silver and brass sleeve-buttons at Trenton, N.J., had amassed considerable Continental money. He was next a surveyor in Ky., and, while exploring Ohio early in 1782, was taken by Indians, but returned to his home in Bucks Co., Pa., at the close of the year. During his Western explorations, in which he prepared, engraved on copper, and printed on a press of his own manufacture, a map of the N. W. coun try, he conceived the idea that the great West ern rivers might be navigated by steam. In 1788, he applied fora patent for the application of steam to navigation, he having constructed a boat that could be propelled 8 miles an hour. July 27, 1786, his successful experiment led to the formation of a company in Phila., and the building of a small steam-packet, which con veyed passengers until 1790, when the company failed. In 1793, he tried his steamboat projects in France without success, the times being un- propitious. He afterward went to Ky. to as certain the condition of his Western property, which he found overrun with squatters, and no encouragement for his steam-projects. He left in a sealed envelope, opened in 1823, a detailed history of his adventures in the steamboat en terprise, inscribed " To my children and to future generations," with a journal and other papers, from which an interesting biography was prepared by Thompson Westcott, and pub, in Phila. in 1867. A Memoir, by C. Whittlesey, is in Sparks s "Am. Biog." Pitch, THOMAS, gov. of Ct. from 1754 to 1766, b. Ct., 1699; d. July 18, 1774. Y. Coll. 1721. He devoted himself to the law, and filled successively, with unsurpassed integrity and wisdom, the offices of counsellor, judge of the Superior Court, chf. justice, 1750-4, lieut.- gov., and gov. In 1 765, he took the oath of office prescribed in the Stamp Act, and was driven into retirement, in consequence, the next year. Pitz, HENRY, telescope-maker, b. Newbury- port, Ms., 1808; d. N.Y. City, Nov. 6, 1863 At first a printer ; afterward, for many years, a locksmith. In 1835, he made a reflecting tele scope, and, in the winter of 1844, invented a method of perfecting object-glasses for refract ing telescopes, making the first one of the bottom of an ordinary tumbler. The fair of the Amer. Institute in 1845 brought his in struments into notice ; and he afterward devot ed himself exclusively and successfully to their manuf., succeeding in making an instrument of 16-inch aperture. The delicacy of his inven tion was such as to detect the change in forir FTX 328 oy expansion of an object-glass, effected by passing the finger over it on a frosty night. He died just as he was about to go to Europe to select a glass for a 24-inch telescope, and to procure patents for a camera, involving a new form of lenses. Fitzgerald, LORD EDWARD, b. Oct. 15, 1 763 ; d. June 4, 1798. Entering the army, he became, in 1779, aide-de-camp to Lord Raw- don ; greatly disting. himself on several occa sions, and was severely wounded at Eutaw Springs. In 1788, he was at Halifax with the 54th regt., and travelled through the U.S. to N. Orleans. In 1792, he m. the beautiful and accomplished Pamela, the prote ge e and supposed dau. of Madame de Genlis. While in Ameri ca, he had imbibed republican ideas, and, being in Paris during the French Revol., publicly re nounced his title in 1792, and was dismissed the army. Returning to Dublin, he connect ed himself in 1796 with the revol. organ ization known as the United Irishmen, and was killed while resisting the officers sent to take him. Fitzhugh, ANDREW, capt. U.S.N., b. Va., 1795 ; d. Fairfax Co., Va., Oct. 2, 1850. Mid shipman, June 8, 1811 ; lieut. April 21, 1816 ; master, Feb. 9, 1837 ; capt. Feb. 14, 1843. Fitzhugh, WILLIAM, member Old Con gress from Va., 1779-80 ; d. 1809, a. 83. Fitzpatrick, BENJAMIN, lawyer and poli tician, b. Green Co., Ga., June 30, 1802 ; d. Antauga Co., Ala., Nov. 25, 1869. Left an orphan, he emig. in 1815 to the valley of the Ala. River, near Montgomery, where he after ward resided. He received as good an educa tion as new countries generally afford ; studied law, and was adm. to practice in 1821 ; was solicitor of the judicial dist. in which he lived, until, in 1829, his health compelled him to re linquish his profession, and settle upon a farm. Gov. of Ala. from 1841 to 1845 ; U.S. senator in 1848-9 and 1853-61, and took an active part in the Rebellion. He seldom engaged in de bate, was a man of cool judgment and agree able manners, and was often called to the chair of the senate as president pro tern. Fitzpatrick, JOHN BERNARD, D. D. (H. U. 1861), R.C. bishop of Boston, b. there Nov. 1812; d. Feb. 13, 1866. He was educat ed at the Boston schools, a coll. at Montreal, and the Sulpician Coll., Paris. Ord. priest, he returned to Boston in 1840, was then pastor of St. John s Church, East Cambridge, became co-adjutor to Bishop Fenwick, March 24, 1844, and in 1846 succeeded him as bishop. He vis ited Europe in 1854, and again in 1862. He ranked high as a scholar, and was a member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Fitzsinimons, THOMAS, statesman, b. Ireland, 1741 ; d. Phila., Aug. 1811. During the Revol., he com. a vol. company, and was an eminent merchant of Phila. His house (Geo. Meade & Co.) subscribed to supply the army, in 1780, 5,000. Many years a member of the State Assembly ; a delegate to the Old Con gress in 1782-3, and to the Federal Const. Conv. in 1787; M.C. 1789-95; pres. of the Phila. Chamber of Commerce, and of the N.A. Insurance Co. Flaget, BENEDICT JOSEPH, D.D., R.C. bishop of Louisville, Ky. ; consec. Nov. 4, 1810 ; d. 1850. Flagg, EDMUND, journalist and author, b. Wiscasset, Me., Nov. 24, 1815. Bowd. ColL 1835. After teaching at Louisville, where he was a contrib. to Prentice s Louisville Journal, he travelled in 1836 over the prairies of 111. and Mo., the results of which were pub. in 1838, entitled " The Far West." He was adm. to the bar in 1837, and commenced practice in Mo. ; edited the St. Louis Daily Commercial Bulletin, 1838; nextassoc. himself with Pren tice in the Louisville Literary News-Letter, and in the spring of 1840 began to practise law with S. S. Prentiss at Vicksburg, Mpi. In 1842, he conducted the Gazette, at Marietta, 0., and wrote two novels, " Carrero " and " Fran cis of Valois." In 1844-5, he conducted the St. Louis Evening Gazette, and for several years was reporter of the county courts, publishing, in the mean time, the novels, " The Howard Queen," " Blanche of Artois," and several dramas. In 1848, he accomp. E. A. Hannegan, minister to Berlin, as sec., and travelled over Eng., Germany, and France. In 1850-1, he was consul at Venice, and, returning in Nov. 1851, took charge of a Democ. paper at N. Or leans. In 1852, he pub. " Venice, the City of the Sea," and a third vol., entitled "North Italy since 1849." In 1854, he contrib. sketches on the West to " The U.S. Illustrated," by Mayer, N.Y. He has since been chief clerk of a com mercial bureau in the dept. of State, Wash ington. In 1856-7, as chief of statistics, he prepared "A Report on the Commercial Rela tions of the U.S. with Foreign Nations." Pie has prepared for publication an historical novel, " The Last of the Military Templars." Flagg, GEORGE W., artist, b. N. Haven, Ct., June 26, 1816. Passing his boyhood in Charleston, S.C., he had the instruction of his uncle, Allston, and excited admiration by his juvenile portrait of Bishop England. A picture of the " Murder of the Princes," from Richard III., procured him the support of Lu- man Read, through whose aid he made a three- years visit to Europe, since which he has passed many years in Lond. Among his pictures are the "Mouse-Boy," "Match- Girl," "Young Greek," "Jacob and Rachel at the Well," "Landing of the Pilgrims," "Landing of the Atlantic Cable," " Good Samaritan," " Scarlet Letter," and " Columbus and the Egg." Tucker man. Flanders, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, b. Bris tol, N.H., Jan. 26, 1816. Dartm. Coll. 1842. He went to N. Orleans in Jan. 1843, read law, and taught there ; edited the Tropic ab. a year ; sec. and treas. of the N.O. and Opelousas R.R. Co. from 1852 to Jan. 1862, when forced to flee North on account of his Unionism ; re turned on its capture; city treas. in 1862; M.C. 1863-7, and gov. of La. 1867-8. Alum ni Durtm. Coll. Flanders, HENRY, author, b. Plainfield, N.H. ; has pub. " Treatise on Maritime Law," 8vo, 1852; "Treatise of the Law of Ship ping," 8vo, 1853; "Lives and Times of the Chief Justices of the U.S.," 2 vols. 8vo, 1855-8 ; " Memoirs of Cumberland," 8vo, 1856 ; " The Principles of Insurance," &c. (in press 187 1)* 329 Fleet, THOMAS, printer, b. Shropshire, Eng., 8 Sept. 1685 ; d. Boston, July 21, 1758. He was a printer in Bristol, came to Boston in 1712, and soon after established himself in " Pudding Lane/ now Devonshire Street. He was the putative father of the celebrated "Mother Goose s Melodies." In 1733, he be came proprietor and pub. of the Weekly Re hearsal, newspaper; which name was in 1735 changed to the Boston Evening Post. It was conducted by him and his two sons, THOMAS and JOHN, who succeeded him till Apr. 24, 1775, when it was discontinued. Ann Fleet, dau. of John, d. Boston, July 30, 1860, a. 89. Thomas d. Boston, Mar. 6, 1797, a. 65. ; John d. Boston, Mar. 18, 1806, a. 71. The first ed. of Hutchinson s " Hist, of Ms." was pub. at their press. From 1779 to 1801, they pub. Fleet s " Annual Register." Fleming, COL. THOMAS, Revol. soldier; d. Aug. 1776. He com. the troops from Botetourt Co., Va., m the battle of Point Pleas ant with the Indians, and was thrice wounded. Col. 9th Va. regt. in the Revol., app. March 2, 1776. Fleming, WILLIAM, of Cumberland, Va., statesman, b. 1734; d. Feb. 1824. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1763 ; Member of H. of Burgesses, and of the Va. conventions, in 1775-6 ; mem ber of the committee on Independence in that of May, 1776; judge of the General Court, and presiding judge of the Court of Appeals ; member of the Old Congress, 1779-81. Fletcher, RICHARD, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1846), lawyer, b. Cavendish, Vt., Jan. 8, 1788; d. Boston, June 21, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1806. He studied law with Daniel Webster; was adm. to the bar in 1809, and was settled at Salisbury until 1825, when he removed to Boston, taking high rank at the bar. He was leading counsel for the War ren Bridge proprietors in their famous case with the Charles River Bridge Co. He was often opposed by Webster and Mason, of whom he was a worthy antagonist, and was emi nent in all branches of legal practice. Mem ber of the Ms. legisl. ; M.C. 1837-9; judge of the Ms. Supreme Court, 1848-53. He be queathed $100,000 to Dartm. Coll. Fletcher, WILLIAM A., jurist, b. Ms. ; d. Ann Arbor, Mich., ab. 1855. He settled in Mich. ab. 1820; was many years a successful lawyer in Detroit; was at one time atty.-gen, of the territory; in 1835, on the adoption of the first State Constitution, was app. chief jus tice of the Sup. Court, and, retiring from the bench in 1842, resumed practice. He prepared the " Revised Statutes " of Mich., pub. in 1838. Fleury, Louis, Chevalier and Viscount de, a lieut.-col. in the Revol. army ; d. a field- marshal in France. A descendant of the emi nent cardinal, and educated as an engineer ; became a maj. in the regt. Rouergue, and, coming to Amer., offered his services to Washington, who gave him a captain s commission. For his gallantry at Fort Mifflin, on the Del., and at the battle of Brandywine, he received from Congress the present of a horse, and was pro moted to lieut.-col. Nov. 26, 1777. In the win ter of 1777-8, he was sub-inspector under Steu- ben. Adj.-gen. of Lee s division, June 4, 1778. In July, 1778, he was second in com. of a light inf. corps in the R. I. exped., and afterward com. a batt. of light inf. under Washington. At the storm of Stony Point, in July, 1779, he com. the van of the right column, was the first to enter the British works, and struck the British standard with his own hand. For his share in this brilliant exploit, Fleury received the thanks of Congress and a silver medal. When Rochambeau arrived in 1780, Fleury left the Amer. service, and became an officer under him, soon afterward returning to France. Flint, ABEL, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1818), min ister of the second church in Hartford, b. Windham, Aug. 6, 1765; d. Mar. 7,1825. Y.C. 1785. Tutor B. U.I 786-90. Ord. Apr. 20, 1791. He pub. " Geometry and Trigo nometry, with a treatise on Surveying," 1806, and a translation of some of the sermons of Massillon and Bourdaloue. Flint, AUSTIN, M.D. (H.U. 1833), physi cian, b. Petersham, Ms., Oct. 20, 1812. Edu cated at Amh. and Harv. Colleges. After prac tising successively in Boston and Northampton, he removed in 1836 to Buffalo ; in 1844 became prof, of the institutes and practice of medicine in the Rush Med. Coll. at Chicago ; resigned 1845, and from 1846 to 1856 edited the Buf falo Med. Journal. In 1847, he was one of the founders of the Buffalo Med. Coll., and was 6 years prof, of the principles and practice of med icine and of clinical medicine. From 1852 to 1856, he filled the chair of the theory and prac tice of medicine!in the U. of Louisville, Ky., and then took the chair of pathology and clinical medicine at Buffalo. From 1858 to 1861, he spent the winters in N. Orleans as prof, of clinical medicine in the med. school, and visit ing physician to the charity hospital. Remov ing to N.Y. in 1859, he was in 1861 made prof, of the principles and practice of medicine in the Bellevue Coll. hospital, and of pathology and practical medicine in the L. I. Coll. hos- Eital, and visiting physician to Bellevue. He as pub. clinical reports on " Continued Fe ver," 1852 ; " Chronic Pleurisy," 1853 ; " Dys entery," 1853; "Physical Exploration and Diagnosis of Diseases affecting the Respiratory Organs," 1856; and "Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Heart," 1859. His essays on " The Variation of Pitch and Percussion and Respiratory Sounds," and on the " Clinical Study of the Heart-Sounds in Health and Disease," received the first prizes of the Amer, Med. Assoc. in 1852 and 1859. Flint, AUSTIN, son of the preceding, b. Northamp., Mar. 28, 1836. Jeff. Med. Coll. 1857. Became prof, of physiology, U. of Buffalo, 1858, and afterward in the L. I. Coll. hospital. His essay on " The Excretory Func tion of the Liver" received from the French in stitute a prize of 1,500 francs. Coutrib. to the Amer. Jour, of Med. Science, &c. Author of " Physiology of Man," 4 vols. 8vo. Flint, CHARLES Louis, sec. of the Ms. Board of Agriculture since its organization in 1852, b. Middleton, Ms., 8 May, 1824. H.U. 1849. Thomas, his ancestor, probably from Wales, came over ab. 1640, and settled in Salem Village. Charles L. was brought up on his father s farm, and by his own exertions 330 FLO a collegiate education. He then studied law, but, having become known by his contribs. to agric. papers, was induced to accept the position he has so long filled with disting. ability. Besides agric. reports, he is author of " The Agriculture of Massachusetts," 2 vols. 8vo, 1853-4; "Grasses and Forage Plants," 1857; "Milch Cows and Dairy Farming," 1859 ; anew ed. of Harris s" Insects Injurious to Vegetation ; " and, with Geo. B. Emerson, " Manual of Agriculture," a text book for schools. See Flint Genealogy. Flint, HENRY, tutorof Harv. Coll. 1705-54, b. Dorchester, 1675; d. Feb. 13, 1760. H.U. 1693. Son of Josiah of D. App. Fellow of H.U. 1700. A vol. of 20 sermons by him was pub. 8vo, 1739. Allen. Flint, HENRY M., writer, d. Camden, N.J., Dec. 12, 1868. He wrote for the N. Y. World, over the signature of " Druid ; " also a " Life of Stephen A. Douglas," " Mexico under Maximilian," and " The History and Statistics of the Railroads of the U.S." Flint, JACOB, minister of Cohasset, b. Reading, Ms., Aug. 7, 1768; d. Oct. 11, 1835. H.U. 1794. Ord. June 10, 1798. He pub. a history of Cohasset in Ms. Hist. Colls., 2 dis courses on the history of Cohasset, 1821. Flint, JOSHUA BARKER, M.D. (H.U. 1825), an eminent surgeon, prof., and author, b. Co hasset, Ms., Oct. 13, 1801 ; d. Louisville, Ky., Mar. 19, 1864. H.U. 1820. Son of Rev. Jacob. He practised in Boston in 1825-37 ; was prof, of surgery in the Louisville Med. Inst. 1837-49; and from 1849 to his d. filled the same chair in the Ky. School of Medicine at Louisville. Several years a member of the Ms. legisl. Author of " Practice of Medicine," 8vo, 2d ed., 1868. Flint, MIC AH P., poet, son of Timothy, b. Lunenburg, Ms., ab. 1807; d. 1830. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar at Alex andria, Mpi. In 1826, he pub. at Boston "The Hunter and other Poems." He was a frequent contrib. to the Western Review. Flint, REV. TIMOTHY, author, b. Reading, Ms., July 11, 1780; d. Salem, Aug. 16, 1840. H.U. 1800. From Nov. 30, 1802, to June 19, 1814, he was a Cong, minister at Lunenburg, Ms. ; went as a missionary to the Mpi. Valley in Sept. 1815, and was subsequently employed as a farmer and teacher at Cincinnati, and on the banks of the Red River, in La. In 1825, he returned to Ms., broken in health and for tune ; but the change of climate soon restored the former, and he turned to literature to repair the latter. In 1833, he went to N.Y., and edited a few numbers of the Knickerbocker magazine. In 1834, he removed to Cincinnati, where, in 1827-30, he edited the Western Re view. He afterward resided in Alexandria, Va., and in La., but returned to N.E. May 1, 1840, in ill health. He pub. "History and Geography of the Mississippi Valley," 2 vols., 1828; "Francis Berrian," 1826; "George Mason, or the Young Backwoodsman," 1829 ; "Arthur Clenning," 1828; " Shoshonee Val ley," 2 vols., 1830; "Indian Wars in the West," 1833; "Lectures on Nat. History, Geology, Chemistry, and the Arts," 1833; " Memoir of Daniel Boone," 1834 ; " Recol lections of the last 10 Years in the Valley of the Mississippi," 1826. He contrib. to tha Lond. Athen&um, in 1835, a series of papers on American literature. He translated Droz s " L Art d Etre Ueureux," and " Celibacy Van quished." Flores, GEN. VENANCIO, pres. of Uruguay, assassinated in Montevideo, Feb. 22, 1868. A prominent military officer. In 1866, he headed a revol. which overthrew the govt. of Vidal, and became provis. pres. of the republic. Feb. 15, he resigned the office, and refused to become a candidate for re-election. His son, and other ambitious young men, irritated at his persistent refusal, conspired for his assassination. Flournoy, THOMAS S., b. Va. ; M. C. 1847-9. Killed in battle in Va. in June, 1864, fighting for the Rebellion. Floy, JAMES, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1847), clergyman and scholar, b. N.Y. City, Aug. 20, 1806; d. there Oct. 14, 1863. Dick Coll. 1841. He spent 3 years in Europe, im proving his education, especially in botanical science, at the royal garden at Kew ; was adm. to the N.Y. Methodist Conf. in 1835, and filled several important offices in the church, beside conducting the National Magazine, and a paper called Good News. He edited the works of Dr. Olin ; was one of the committee of the Bible Society which prepared its standard edition of the Bible, and was a leader of the antislavery party of his church. Author of "Guide to the Orchard and Fruit Garden," 12mo. Floyd, JOHN, statesman, b. Jefferson Co. , Va. ; d. Sweet Springs, Va., Aug. 16, 1837. Many years in the Va. legisl. ; M.C. 1817-29 ; gov. of Va. 1830-4. Floyd, JOHN, gen., b. Beaufort, S.C., Oct. 3, 1769; d. Camden Co., Ga., June 24, 1839. Son of Col. Charles, who was ruined pecunia rily by the Tories of the Revol. They moved to Ga. in 1791, and by boat-building, near the mouth of the St. Ilia River, acquired wealth. Brig.-gen. of Ga. militia, Aug. 1813 to Mar. 1814 ; com. at the battle with the Creek Indians at Autossee, Ala., Nov. 29, 1813, in which he was severely wounded, and in battle with the Creeks at Camp Defiance, Ala., Jan. 27, 1814. Often a member of the State legisl., and M.C. in 1827-9; maj.-gen. State militia. Floyd, JOHN BUCHANAN, politician, b. Montgomery Co.,Va., 1805; d. Abingdon, Va., Aug. 26, 1863. S. C. Coll. 1826. Son of Gov. John. Adm. to the bar in 1828; prac tised law in Helena, Ark., in 1836-9; then settled in Washington Co., Va. ; member of the legisl. in 1847, 49, and 55 ; gov. of Va. 1850-3 ; exerted himself in the Cincinnati convention in support of James Buchanan for the presidency, and was his sec. of war from 1857 to 1861. During the latter part of his administration, he secretly prepared the means, in munitions of war, to aid the plans of the se cession leaders ; dispersed the army in the re motest parts of the country, whence they could not be readily conveyed to the Atlantic coast, and transferred from Northern to Southern ar senals 1 13,000 muskets. Indicted by the grand jury of the Dist. of Columbia, as being privy tc the abstraction of $870,000 in bonds from tha FLO 331 dept. of the interior, in the latter part of 1860, he left Washington before being brought to tri al. In reward of his services to the Con federates, he was made a gen. in their army. He was driv en from Western Va. by Gen. Rosecrans in the autumn of 1861, and defeated at Carnifex s Fer ry, Sep. 1 0. He escaped from Fort Donelson the night before its surrender, Feb. 16, 1862, and was officially censured by the Confed. Govt., and never again employed. Floyd, GEN. WILLIAM, signer of the Declaration of Independence, b. Suffolk Co., L.I.,Dec. 17, 1734; d. Oneida Co., N.Y., Aug. 4, 1821. His father, Nicholl, left him a large estate. His education was slight ; but he was naturally intelligent, and of an elevated char acter. He took an early part in the Revol. ; was a member of the N.Y. committee of corres. ; a member of Congress in 1774-7, and from Oct. 1778 till its dissolution, serving as a mem ber of the boards of admiralty and the treasury, and was a member of the State senate in 1777- 88. His family fled to Ct. while Long Island was in the hands of the British ; his house was occupied by them ; and he was nearly 7 years an exile. He com. the Long Island militia, and displayed energy and daring in repelling the incursions of the enemy. M.C. 1789-91; member of the State Const. Convs. of 1801 and 1820. He purchased in 1784 a farm at Western, Oneida Co., N.Y., and moved his family thither in 1803. Flusser, CHARLES W., lieut.-commander, U.S.N., b. Annapolis, Md., 1833; killed near Plymouth, N.C., in a naval engagement, Apr. 18, 1864. In his childhood, his parents removed toKy. Midshipm. July 19, 1847 ; lieut. Sept. 16, 1855; lieut.-com. July 16, 1862; assist, prof, in the Naval Acad. in 1857-9, and, at the breaking-out of the Rebellion, took com. of the gunboat " Com. Perry," in which he took part in the engagement at Roanoke Island, Feb. 7, 1862. Oct. 3, 1862, he aided in the shelling of Franklin, Va., and at the time of his death com. " The Miami " in Albemarle Sound. Two of his bros., officers in the rebel army, were killed in battle during the war. Fobes, PERES, LL.D., clergyman, and prof, of nat. philos. in the Coll. of R. I., now Brown U., b. Bridgewater, Sept. 21, 1752 ; d. Feb. 23, 1812. H.U. 1762. Ord. at Raynham, Nov. 19, 1766. In 1786, he was elected to the pro fessorship. He pub. a sermon on the death of President Manning, 1791; " Election Sermon," 1 795 ; and " Topog. Descript. of Raynham," 1794 (Ms. Hist. Colls., iii.). Fogg, GEORGE GILMAN, b. Meredith, N.H., May 26, 1815. Dartm. Coll. 1839. Began to practise law at Gilmanton, N.H., in 1842; edited the Indep. Democrat at Concord, 1846-61 ; sec. of State of N.H. in 1846; U.S. minister to Switzerland, 1861-5 ; U.S. senator, 1866-7. D. C. Alumni. Folger, PELEG, of Nantucket, b. Oct. 13, 1733 ; d. May 26, 1789. Was many years em ployed in the fisheries. Some of his verses are in Macy s " History of Nantucket," and are very creditable to his taste and ability. After ward a farmer. Folger, PETER, "a pious and learned" man, b. Eng., 1617; d. Nantucket, 1690. At the age of 18, he came with his father John from Norwich, and settled at Martha s Vine yard, where John d. 1660. He was among the first settlers of Nantucket in 1663, and was one of the 5 commissioners to lay out land, being well qualified by his knowledge of surveying. From 1673, he was clerk of the courts. His dau. Abiah was the mother of Benjamin Franklin. He wrote a variety of small pieces, one of which, pub. in 1675, is entitled "A Looking-Glass for the Times, or the Former Spirit of N.B. re vived in this Generation," reprinted in 1763. Ducykinck, Follen, CHAS. THEO. CHRISTIAN, LL.D., scholar, b. Romrod, Hesse Darmstadt, Sept. 4, 1796; d. Jan. 13, 1840. U. of Geissen, 1818. While at the university, he was noted for his liberal sentiments, and attached himself to a union, or Burschenschaft, of which he wrote a defence. He also wrote patriotic songs, which, with others by his brother August, were pub. at Jena in 1819; and was one of the authors of " The Great Song," which was considered seditious. In the winter of 1818-19, he deliv ered at Jena a course of lectures on the Pan dects of Justinian. Suspected by the Prussian Govt. of privity to the assassination of Kotzebue, he was arrested, examined, and liberated, but quitted Germany. Political surveillance fol lowing him to France, Strasbourg, and Basle, where he was for some time prof, of civil and eccles. law, he came to N.Y., Dec. 19, 1824. He soon mastered the English language, and, by the instrumentality of Mr. Duponceau and Prof. Ticknor of Harvard U., was app. German teacher in that institution in Dec. 1825, and, in 1830, prof. He lectured on civil law in Boston, where, in Sept. 1826, he opened a gymnasium. He m. Eliza Lee Cabot in 1828, and in that year was app. teacher of eccles. hist, and ethics in the Divinity School, and admitted to the ministry. He resigned this position in 1830, lectured in Boston on moral philos. in 1830, and on Schiller in 1832. Quitting his profes sorship at Cambridge in 1835, he devoted him self to literary, educational, and clerical labors, and in May, 1839, became pastor of a Unitarian church in E. Lexington, Ms. In Dec. 1839, he lectured on German literature in N.Y., and, returning in " The Lexington," lost his life by the burning of that steamer on L. I. Sound. Dr. F. was an earnest adherent of the anti- slavery movement. He pub. "Psychology," an " Essay on Religion and the Church," 1836 ; " German Reader," and a German versification of the Gospel of St. John, 12mo ; " German Grammar," 1828, and was a frequent contrib. to the reviews. An edition of his works, with a Memoir by his widow, was pub. in 1842 in 5 vols. Follen, ELIZA LEE, wife of the preced ing ; b. Boston, Aug. 15, 1787 ; d. Brookline, Ms., Jan. 26,1860. Dau. of Samuel Cabot of Boston ; and m. Dr. Follen in 1828. After the death of her husband, she educated their only son, whom, with other pupils, she fitted for H.U. She edited from 1843 to 1850 the " Child s Friend," pub. " Selections from Fene- lon," and an entertaining book for children, " The Well-spent Hour." She was an inti mate friend of W. E. Channing, and a zealous FOIL, 332 antislavery woman. In 1829, she edited the "Christian Teacher s Manual." In 1835, she wrote the " Sceptic," for the " Sunday Li brary." In the winter of 1838-9, she pub. " Married Life," " Little Songs," and a vol. of poems, and in 1841 her Memoir of Dr. Fol- fen, as the first vol. of his collected works-. In 1857 she pub. " Twilight Stories," and in 1859 " Second Series of Little Songs," and a com pilation of " Home Dramas." Folsom, GEORGE, LL.D. (Vt. U. 1860), historian, b. Kennebunk, Me., May 23, 1802 ; d. Rome, Italy, Mar. 27, 1869. H.U. 1822. He studied law, but, devoting himself to his torical studies, pub. in 1830 a hist, of Saco and Biddeford, Me., and about 1837 removed to N.Y. City, and became an active member and librarian of the Hist. Society. In 1841, he edited a vol. of its colls. ; afterward trans lated the Despatches of Hernando Cortes ; in 1843 pub. "The Political Condition of Mexico;" and, in 1858, "Documents rel. to Early Hist, of Maine." Member of the State senate in 1 844-8 ; charged affaires to the Neth erlands, 1850-4. His lecture, on the Discovery of Maine, to the N.Y. Hist. Soc., was pub. in the 2d vol. of its colls. Before this soc. he also delivered lectures on the Northmen, 1838; on the Life and Voyages of Vespucius, in 1839 ; and afterward on the Life and Services of Col. Barre. Pres. of the Amer. Ethnol. Society. Folsom, NATHANIEL, gen., b. Exeter, N.H., 1726; d. there May 26, 1790. He was son of Jonathan Folscm. Com. a company at Fort Edward, 1755; disting. himself in the action with Dieskau ; com. a regt. of mili tia before theRevol. ; as brig.-gen. of the N.H. forces, he served during the siege of Boston, until relieved by Sullivan in July, 1775. Member of the Cont. Congress, 1774-5 and 1777-80; councillor, 1778; and pres. of the convention which framed the Constitution of N.H. in 1783. Hist. Gilmanton. Folsom, NATHANIEL SMITH, clergyman, b. Portsmouth, N.H., Mar. 12, 1806. Dartm. Coll. 1828; And. Sem. 1831. Ord. at Brad ford, Ms., Sept. 26, 1831 ; missionary to Lib erty Co., Ga., in 1831-2 ; preached in Cleve land, O., in 1832-3; prof, of Lane Sem. 1.833; prof, of biblical lit., West. Reserve Coll., Ohio, Sept. 1833 to 1836; pastor of the Cong, church, Francestown, N.H., from Oct. 12, 1836, to Aug. 21, 1838; of a church at Providence, R.I., from Sept. 6, 1838, to 1840 ; and of a Unit. Cong, church at Haverhill, Ms., from Nov. 7, 1840, to 1847; resided at Charlestown, and edited the Christian Register from 1847 to 1849; prof, of literature and biblical interpre tation at Meadville Coll., Pa., from Sept. 1849 to 1861. He pub. an address on Temperance in 1839; "A Critical and Hist. Interpretation of the Prophecies of Daniel," 1842 ; and con- tribs. to reviews and magazines. Foote, ANDREW HULL, rear-adm. U.S.N. Son of Gov. S. A. Foote ; b. N. Haven, Ct., Sept. 12,1806; d. N.Y. City, June 26, 1863. Acting midshipman in 1822, he made his first cruise in the schooner " Grampus," sent in 1823 to chastise the W. Indian pirates. Lieut. May 27, 1830; commander, Dec. 19, 1852. He was flag-lieut. in 1833 of the Medit. squad. ; and in 1838, as 1st lieut. of the "John Ad ams," Com. Read, circumnavigated the globe, and took part in an attack on the pirates of Sumatra. While stationed at the naval asy lum in 1841-3, he prevailed upon many of the inmates to give up their spirit-rations, being one of the first to introduce the principle of to tal abstinence from intoxicating drinks in the navy, and continued this effort in " The Cum berland " in 1843-5, besides delivering every Sunday an extemporaneous sermon to the crew. In 1849-52, in com. of the brig " Perry," he was on the African coast, successfully engaged in suppressing the slave-trade, lie pub. in 1854 "Africa and the American Flag." He com. in 1856 the sloop "Portsmouth," on the China station. Arriving at Canton just before the commencement of hostilities between the English and Chinese, he exerted himself in protecting American property, and having been, while thus engaged, fired upon by the barrier forts, received permission from Com. Armstrong to demand an apology for this in dignity. This being refused, he attacked the forts, 4 in number, with the " Portsmouth " and " Levant ; " breached the largest, and, with 280 sailors, landed, and carried it by storm. The remaining forts were successively carried, with a total loss of 40 to the attacking party. The works were of granite, with walls 7 feet thick, mounting 176 guns, and garrisoned by 5,000 men, of whom 400 were killed and wounded. In July, 1861, he became capt., and in Sept. flag-officer, of the flotilla fitting out in the West ern waters. Feb. 4, 1862, he sailed from Cairo with 7 gunboats, 4 of them iron-clads, to at tack Fort Henry on the Tenn. River. With out awaiting the co-operation of Gen. Grant, he attacked the fort at noon of the 6th, and in 2 hours compelled its surrender. On the 14th, he attacked Fort Donelson ; but the fleet was obliged to haul off just as the enemy s water batteries had been silenced, two of the gun boats having become unmanageable. Foote was severely wounded in the ankle by a frag ment of a 64-lb. shot. Though on crutches, he proceeded down the Mpi. with his fleet, and a number of mortar-boats, to besiege Island No. 10. After its reduction, Apr. 7, he returned to N. Haven. Regaining his health, he was made chief of the bureau of equipment and recruit ing. July 31, 1862, he was app. rear-adm. on the active list. On Admiral Dupont s being relieved from his com. of the S. A. blockade squad., May, 1863, Adm. Foote was app. to succeed him. See Life by Prof. James Hoppin. Foote, HENRY STUART, statesman, b. Fauquier Co., Va., Sept. 20, 1800. Washing ton Coll. 1819. Licensed to practise law in 1822; removed in 1824 to Tuscumbia, Ala., where he edited a Democ. newspaper, and in 1826 established himself at Jackson, Mpi. He was a U.S. senator in 1847-52, taking an active part in favor of the compromise measures ; was elected gov. over Jeff. Davis in 1852 ; removed to Cal. in 1854 ; settled at Vicksburg, Mpi., in 1858 ; and in May, 1859, at the Southern conv. at Knoxville, Tenn., spoke against disunion. He was a member of the rebel Congress, and in 1866 pub. a " History of the Secession Struggle." Author of " Texas and the Tex FOO 333 ans," 2 vols. 12mo, 1841. He has been en- paged in 3 duels, in 2 of which he was slightly wounded. Foote, JOSEPH IVES, D.D. (Wash. Coll. 1840), b. Watertown, Ct., Nov. 17, 1796; d. April 21, 1840. Un. Coll. 1821 ; And. Sem. 1824. From Oct. 1826 to 1832, he was pastor of a Cong, society in West Brookfield ; in Salina in 1833-5 ; and Cortland, N. Y., 1835- 7, and in May, 1839, of the church in Knox- ville, Tenn. ; chosen pres. of Wash. Coll. early in 1840. Contrib. to the N.Y. Lit. and TheoL Review : a vol. of his sermons was pub. with a Memoir, 8vo, N.Y., 1841. He pub. also an historical discourse on the history of Brook- field, 1828. Foote, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS, LL.D. (Y. C. 1834), Democ. politician, b. Cheshire, Ct., Nov. 8, 1780; d. there Sept.. 15, 1846. Y.C. 1797. Son of Rev. John. He engaged in mercantile pursuits at New Haven ; was often a member, and twice speaker, of the house; M.C. 1819- 21, and again in 1823-5; U.S. senator from 1827 to 1833, and in 1834-5 was gov. of the State. He it was, who on the floor of Con gress, in 1830, offered the resolutions " on the public lands " which occasioned the great de bate between Hayne and Webster. Father of Admiral And. H. Foote. Foot, SOLOMON, lawyer and senator, b. Cornwall, Vt., Nov. 19, 1802; d. Washington, March 28, 1866. Mid. Coll. 1826. Principal of Castleton Sem. in 1826 and 1828; tutor in Vt. U. in 1827; prof, of nat. philos. in the Vt. Acad. of Medicine, at Castleton, 1828-31 ; adm. to the bar in 1831, and settled at Rut land ; member of the Vt. legisl. in 1833, 1836- 8, and 1847; speaker in 1837-8 and 1847; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1836; State atty. for Rutland, 1836-42 ; M.C. 1843- 7, and U.S. senator from 1850 to his death. President pro tern, of the senate during a part of the 36th and the whole of the 37th Congress. He made many elaborate speeches in the sen ate, and was conspicuous in the great Lecomp- ton debate of 1858. In 1854-5, as pres. of the Brunswick and Florida R. R. Co., he visited Eng., negotiated its bonds, and purchased the iron for the road. Foote, WILLIAM HENRY, D.D. (Ham. Sid. Coll. 1847), clergyman and historian, b. Col chester, Ct., Dec. 20, 1794; d. Romney, Va., Nov. 28, 1869. Y. C. 1816. He was tutor in a family in Falmouth, Va., until July, 1818; afterward taught one year in Winchester, Va., and studied a year in Princeton Sem. Licensed by the presbytery of Winchester in Oct. 1819, he preached in various places in Va., and was pastor at Woodstock from June, 1822, to Nov. 1824; and of Mount Bethel, Springfield, and Romney, from 1824 to 1838, and from 1845 to 1861. In the interval, he was agent of the " Central Board of Missions," and prepared " Sketches, Historical and Biographical, of the Presb. Church in Va." (2 vols., 1850-5), and in "N. Carolina,"! vol., 1846. He also conduct ed an acad. while at Woodstock and at Rom ney. During the war, he was agent for Hamp. Sid. Coll. in Lower Va., supplied vacant pul pits, and was chaplain at Petersburg during the siege. Ob. Record, Yale Coll., 1870. Forbes, GORDON, a British gen., b. 1738, d. Ham, Middlesex Co., Jan. 17,1828. En sign 33d Foot, 1756; capt. 72d, 1762; served at Havana and in La.; major, 9 Nov. 1776; served in Burgoyne s exped., in which he was twice wounded ; lieut.-col. Sept. 1781 ; served in the E. Indies; col. 1785; maj.-gen. 1794; com. of the forces at St. Domingo, 1798-1800; lieut.-gen. 1801 ; gen. 1812. Forbes, JOHN, a British general, b. Pe- tincrief, Fifeshire, Scotland, 1710; d. Phila., March 11, 1759. Having exchanged the med ical for the military profession, he was advanced to the rank of lieut.-col. of the Scotch Greys in 1750. In the German war, he was on the staff of Lord Stair, Gens. Ligonier and Camp bell; was app. col. 71st Foot; acted as quartermaster-gen, of the army under the Duke of Cumberland; and Dec. 28, 1757, was app. brig.-gen. in America. Nov. 25, 1758, with an army of 8,000 men, he took possession of the abandoned works of Fort Du Quesne, which he called Pittsburg, in compliment to the prime-minister ; and subsequently concluded treaties with the Indian tribes on the O. ; adj.- gen. in the exped. against Louisburg in 1757. Force, PETER, historian, b, Passaic Falls, N.J., 26 Nov. 1790 ; d. Washington, 23 Jan. 1868. Wm. his father, a Revol. soldier, re moved in 1793 to N.Y.City,where Peter learned the printer s trade, and was in 1812 pres. of the Typog. Soc. In Nov. 1815, he removed to Washington, where he pub the National Calen dar in 1 820-36 ; estab. in 1 823 the National Jour nal in support of Mr. Adams ; was some yeara city councilman and alderman ; mayor in f836- 40, and rose by successive steps to maj.-gen. of militia in 1860; first vice-pres., afterwards pres., of the National Institute at W. His great work, " American Archives," 9 vols. of which only were pub., covering the period from Mar. 1774 to the end of 1776, embodies original documents illustrating the hist, of the Revol. He prepared a 10th vol., still unpub. He also pub. " Grinnell Land," 1852; "Record of Auroral Phenomena," 1856, and 4 vols. of rare Amer. Tracts. His large and valuable coll. of books, MSS., &c., relating to Amer. hist., now forms a part of the Congressional Library. His son, MANNING FERGUSON (H.U. 1845), was a brig.-gen. in the war for the Union, app. 11 Aug. 1863 ; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for disting. services. Ford, GABRIEL H., jurist, b. Morristown, N.J., 1764 ; d. there Aug. 27, 1849. N.J. Coll. 1784. He studied law ; was adm. to practise in May, 1789 ; was app. pres. judge of the C.C.P. for the Eastern Dist. of the State, and from Nov. 1820 to 1840 was justice of the Supreme Court. His family residence was the head quarters of Washington in 1777. Ford, SEABURY, lawyer and politician, b. Pomfret, Ct., Oct. 15, 1801 ; d. Burton, O., May 8, 1855. Y.C. 1825. He practised law in Burton ; was often a member, and once speaker, of each branch of the State legisl. Gov. of Ohio 1848-50, and maj.-gen. of militia. Ford, THOMAS, gov. of 111. 1842-6; d. Peoria, III., Jan. 1851. In 1804, while a child, his parents emig. to 111. He practised law successfully, and was a judge of the Supreme FOR 334 Court. Author of a " Hist, of 111. from 1818 to 1847." 12mo, 1854. Foresti, E. FELICE, LL.D. (U. of Bo logna), Italian patriot and scholar; d. Genoa, 14 Sept. 1858. A lawyer at Ferrara. App., in 181 c >, prjBtor of Crespino ; arrested 7 Jan. 1819, being one of the Carbonari ; imprisoned at Spielberg till Aug. 1836, when he was per mitted to come to Amer. Prof, of Italian in Col. Coll., N.Y., and a popular teacher more than 20 years. App. in 1858 U.S. consul at Genca. *Ab. 1856, he pub. in the Watchman and Crusader an autobiog. sketch, entitled " 20 Years in the Dungeons of Austria." Forman, GEN. DAVID, Revol. patriot, b. near Englishtown, N. J. ; d. ab. 1812. He com. the N.J. militia at Germantown ; after ward judge of a county court, and member of the council of State. Forney, JOHN WEISS, journalist, b. Lan caster, Pa., Sept. 30, 1817. In 1833, he was apprenticed in the office of the Lancaster Jour nal, in 1837 became editor and joint proprietor of the Intelligencer, and in 1840 united the two papers. In 1845, he went to Phila., where he long edited the Pennsyluanian, a leading Democ. journal. In 1851-5, he was clerk of the U. S. house of representatives ; meantime editing the Union, a Democ. paper at Wash ington, which he resigned in 1856. Aug. 1, 1857, he began the Press, an independent jour nal ; ardently espoused the opinions of Mr. Douglas, and, on the Lecompton Constitution of Kansas, took an attitude of determined op position to the administration of Buchanan, and was again made clerk to the 36th Congress. During the civil war, he powerfully supported the Federal Govt. Since 1861, he has pub., in addition to the Press, a weekly paper in Wash ington, the Chronicle: it began to appear daily in Oct. 1862. Sec. U.S. senate, 1861-8. Forrest, EDWIN, tragedian, b. Phila., Mar. 9, 1806. In his 12th year, he performed female parts in the Old South-st. Theatre, Phila. He made his dbut at the Walnut-st. Theatre, Nov. 20, 1820, as Young Norval. Af ter a long professional tour in the West, he played successful engagements at Albany and Phila. ; played Othello at N.Y. in July, 1826, and at once "became popular. He has appeared in the principal theatres of the Union as Othel lo, Macbeth, Hamlet, Richard III., and other prominent Shakspearian parts, and also in many American plays, the most successful of which were " Metamora," " The Gladiator," and " Brutus." He played a successful engage ment in Eng. in 1836. During a second visit to Eng., in 1837, he was m. to Miss Sinclair, dau. of the well-known singer, and returned to the U.S. in 1838. In 1844-6 he was a third time in Eng. A quarrel with Macready, es poused by Forrest s friends, led to the serious riot which occurred at the Astor-place Opera House, May 10, 1849, during the engagement of Macready. In that year, Mr. Forrest separated from his wife for alleged misconduct on her part. She subsequently brought an action against him on the ground of infidelity, and in Jan. 1852 obtained a verdict in her favor, with an annual allowance of 83,000 as alimony. He has accumulated a fortune by his professional la bors. His fame rests chiefly upon his persona tion of Jack Cade, Spartacus, and Metamora. He bas given much encouragement to dramatic authors, offering liberal rewards to successful playwrights; d. Phila. Dec. 12, 1872. Forrest, FRENCH, naval officer, b. Md., 1796; d. Georgetown, D.C., Dec. 22, 1866. Midsbipm. June 9, 1811 ; lieut. Mar. 5, 1817 , com. Feb. 9, 1837; capt. Mar. 30, 1844; dis missed Apr. 19, 1861. He fought bravely in tin war of 1812, distinguishing himself in the battle on Lake Erie and in the action between " The Hornet " and " Peacock," Feb. 24, 1813; and in the Mexican war was adj. -gen. of the land and naval forces. When Va. seceded, be was put at the head of the navy of Va. ; com. at the Norfolk navy-yard, was afterward com. of the James River squad., and then acting as sist, sec. of the Confed. navy. Forrest, GEN. URIAH, Revol. officer, b. St. Mary s Co., Md., 1756; d. near Georgetown, D.C., April, 1805. He attained the rank of lieut.-col. in the Md. line, and received a wound at Germantown, from the effects of which he never recovered. App. auditor of Md., mem ber of the Old Congress, 1786-7 ; often a member of both branches of the State legisl. ; a maj.-gen. of militia; M.C. 1793-5, and at his death was clerk of the Circuit Court of D.C. Forry, SAMUEL, M.D., a physician and medical writer, b. Berlin, Pa., June 23, 1811 ; d. Nov. 8, 1844. U. of Pa. 1835. He was 10 years in the U. S. army as assist, surgeon and surgeon, and was engaged in the Florida war ; afterward practised in N.Y. City. He con- trib. many articles to med. journals, originated and conducted for two years the A 7 . Y. ^Journal of Medicine, and in 1844 received from H.U. the Boylston prize for the best essay on the protecting power of vaccine. He pub. " Cli mate of the U.S., and its Endemic Influences," &c., 8vo, N.Y., 1842; "Meteorology," N.Y., 1843. Forsyth, BENJAMIN, col. U.S.A. ; killed June 28, 1814, in an affair at Odeltown, N.Y., with a superior force of British and Indians. App. for N.C., Apr. 24, lieut. of inf., he be came capt. of riflemen, July 1, 1808; com. in victorious assault on Gananoque, U.C., Sept. 21, 1812; maj. Jan. 20, 1813; com. in capture of a British guard, at Elizabethtown, U.C., Feb. 7, 1813, for which brev. lieut.-col. Feb. 6, 1813 ; disting. in the capture of Fort George, U.C., May 27, 1813. Gardner. Forsyth, JOHN, statesman, b. Fredericks- burg, Va., Oct. 22, 1780; d.Washinirton, D.C., Oct. 21, 1841. N. J. Coll. 1799. "While he was quite young, his father, a native of Eng., butasoldier of the Revol., removed his family to S.C., and afterward to Augusta, Ga. John studied law, and from 1802 to 1808 disting. himself at the Ga. bar; app. atty.-gen. of the State in 1808; M. C. 1813-18 and 1823-7; U.S. senator, 1818-19, and 1829-37; gov. 1827-9 ; minister to Spain, 1819-22 ; U. S. sec. of State, 1835-41. While Spanish min ister, he conducted the negotiations which gave Florida to the U.S. Delegate to the anti-tar iff convention at Milledgeville in 1832, but withdrew from it on the ground that it did not fairly represent the people of Ga. He opposed FOR 335 E OS nullification in S.C. from its beginning ; voted in favor of Clay s compromise act of 1833 ; supported Pres. Jackson in the debate in 1834, on the removal of the deposits from the U.S. Bank ; was a disting. orator, and possessed great elegance and dignity of manner. Forward, WALTER, lawyer and statesman, b. Ct., 1786 ; d. Pittsburg, Nov. 24, 1852. la 1803, he removed to Pittsburg, where he studied law, and in 1805 became the editor of a Democ. newspaper, the Tree of Liberty. He commenced the practice of law in 1806; was M C. in 1822-5. In the presidential elections of 1824 and 1828, he supported J. Q. Adams, ani was thenceforward identified with the Whig party. He took an active part in the convention to revise the constitution of Pa. in 1337 ; in Mar. 1841, he was app. first compt. of the treasury ; was sec. of that dept. in 1841-3; was in 1849-52 char ge -d affaires to Denmark, and was afterwards pres. judge of the Dist. Court of Alleghany Co. His report on the Tariff, in 1842, was pronounced an able document. Fosdick, WILLIAM WHITEMAN, poet, b. Cincinnati, Jan. 28, 1825; d. there, March 8, 1862. Transylvania U. 1845. His mother, Julia Drake, was an actress of merit. After studying law, he began practice in Covington, Ky., and shortly after settled in Cincinnati. His first dramatic effort was " Tecumseh." He travelled in Mexico in 1847-9, and there wrote the novel " Malmiztic the Toltec, and the Cavaliers of the Cross," pub. 1851. From 1851 to 1858, he practised in N.Y., where, in 1855, he pub. " Ariel and other Poems." He was a frequent contrib. of verse upon festive occasions, and edited the Sketch Club, an illustrated paper, supported by the artists of Cincinnati. Poets and Poetry of the West. Foster, ABIEL, b. Andover, Ms., Aug. 8, 1735 ; d. Canterbury, N.H., Feb. 6, 1806. H.U. 1756. Pastor of the Cong, church in Canter bury from Jan. 21, 1761, to 1779. He was in 1780 a representative in the State legisl. ; in 1783 and 84, a delegate to the Cont. Congress ; was app., under the new constitution of the State, in 1784, a judge of the C.C.P. for Rock- ingham Co., of which court he became chief- justice; was M.C. 1789-91; in 1791 was a delegate to revise the State constitution, as well as a representative to the Gen. Court, to which he was re-elected in 1792; in 1793 and 94 was pres. of the State senate ; and was again M.C. in 1795-1803. Foster, BENJAMIN, D. D. (B.U. 1792), Baptist clergyman, b. Danvers, Ms., June 12, 1750; d. N. Y. City, Aug. 26, 1798. Y. C. 1774. Ord. minister of the Baptist church at Leicester, Ms., Oct. 23, 1776; was dismissed in 1782 ; preached two years in Danvers ; was in Jan. 1785 called to the First Church in Newport; and from the autumn of 1788, till his death, was minister of the First Baptist Church in New York. During the prevalence of yellow-fever, in 1798, he was active in the discharge of his duties, and fell a victim to the disease. He pub. " The Washing of Re generation," "Primitive Baptism Defended," and "A Dissertation on the 70 Weeks of Daniel." Foster, DWIGHT, jurist, b. Brookfield, M*., Dec. 7, 1757 ; d. there Apr. 29, 1823. Brown U. 1774. Son of Judge Jedediah. Practised law at Brookfield ; was county sheriff and judge of Common Pleas ; was some time a member of the house and senate of Ms. ; M.C. 1793-9; U.S. senator, 1800-3; chief justice C.C.P., and a member of the exec, council. On the death of his father, he was chosen to supply his place in the convention for framing the State constitution in 1779. Foster, HANNAH, d. Montreal, Can., 1840. Dau. of Grant Webster of Boston ; m. John Foster, D. D. (H. U. 1815), minister of Brighton, Ms., from Nov. 1, 1784, to Oct. 31, 1827. D.C. 1783; b. Warren, Ms., Apr. 19, 1763; d. Brighton, Sept. 15, 1829. She was author of " Eliza Wharton, the Coquette," a story founded on fact. An edition, with a Preface by Mrs. Jane E. Locke, was pub. in 1855. Author also of "Lessons of a Pre ceptress," 17 98 ; " The Boarding School," 1796. Foster, JEDEDIAH, judge, b. Andover, Oct. 10, 1726; d. Oct. 17, 1779. H.U. 1744. He engaged in the practice of law in Brook- field ; was a delegate to the Worcester Co. convention, Aug. 1774, and to the Prov. Con gress, 1774-5, where he was active and influential, his name appearing on most of the important committees. Elected a councillor in 1774, he was negatived by Gov. Gage, but was re-elected in 1775. App. a judge of the Superior Court in 1776 ; he was a! so sometime a judge of probate, and a justice of the C.C.P., Worcester Co.; member of the conv. which framed the const, of Ms. Foster, JOHN GRAY, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. b. N.H., 1823. West Point, 1846. He in herited military tastes from his father, who commanded the Nashua artillery. Entering the engineer corps, he was brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, and capt. for Molino del Rey, Sept. 8, 1847, where he was one of the party that stormed the Mexican works, and was seriously wounded ; was assist, prof, of engineering at West Point, 1855-7; became capt. July 1, 1860 ; major, Mar. 13, 1863 ; lieut. -col. 7 Mar. 1867. April 28, 1858, he took charge of the fortifications in N. and S. Carolina, where he remained till 1861. One of the garrison of Fort Sumter ; after its surrender, he was em ployed on the fortifications of N.Y. Made brig.-gen. of vols. Oct. 23, 1861, he com. a brigade in the exped. to N.C. under Gen. Burn- side, and took a leading part in the capture of Roanoke Island, Feb. 8, 1862, and of Newbern, March 14, of which place he was made gov. July 18: he was promoted to be a maj.-gen. of vols., and when, in July, Gen. Burnside joined the Army of the Potomac, Gen. Foster became com. of that dept. and of the 18th corps. He was disting. at South-west Creek, Kinston, White Hall, and Goldsborough. In Dec. 1862, he was besieged in Newbern by a large rebel force under Gen. Hill, but held the post suc cessfully. July 16, 1863, he was app. to coin, the dept. of Va. and N.C., with headquarters at Fortress Monroe. He subsequently com. the dept. of the Ohio, from which he was relieved Jan. 28, 1864, at his own request, or 336 FOW ccount of wounds ; the dept. of the South, 26 May, 1864, to 11 Feb. 1865, and that of Florida, 7 Aug. 1865, to 5 Dec. 1866. Brev. lieut.-col. for capture of Roanoke Island ; col. for capture of Newborn ; brig.-gen. for services in capture of Savannah, and maj.-gen. for ser vices in the field during the Rebellion ; d. Nashua, N. H., Sep. 2, 1874. Foster, LAFAYETTE SABINE, LL.D., law yer and senator, b. Franklin, Ct., Nov. 22, 1806. Brown U. 1828. A lineal descendant of Miles Standish. Came to the bar in 1831 ; member Ct. assemb. 1839-40, 46-8, and 54; speaker, 1847-8 and 54 ; mayor of Norwich, 1854-5; U.S. senator, 1855-67; pres. pro tern. of that body, 1866-7, and acting vice-pres. U.S. Poster", RANDOLPH S., D.D., Methodist clergyman, b. Williamsbury, O., Feb. 22, 1820. Educated at Augusta Coll., Ky. Entered the ministry at the age of 17 ; was received into the Ohio conference, and app. to the mountain re gion of Western Va. While stationed at Cin cinnati in 1848, he wrote a series of letters, en titled "Objections to Calvinism." In 1853, he received the honorary degree of D.D. from the Ohio Wesl. U. In 1854, he pub. a work, " Christian Purity," and in 1855 " Ministry for the Times." In 1856, he was elected pres. of the North-wesPern U. at Evanston, 111. Poster, STEPHEN, pres. of the Coll. of E. Tenn., b. Andover, Ms., Feb. 15, 1798; d. Knoxville, Tenn., June 11, 1835. Dartm. Coll. 1821; And. Sem. 1824. Ord. Oct. 1824; set tled in Greenville, Tenn., and afterward in Knoxville, and was first prof, of Latin and Greek, then pres. of the coll. there. Poster, STEPHEN COLLINS, Song-writer and composer, b. Pittsburg, Pa., Jnly 4, 1826 ; d. N.Y. City, Jan. 13, 1864. Possessing a nat ural talent for music, he mastered most kinds of instruments, and studied the art thoroughly. He early gained reputation by his compositions for the negro melodists ; and his " Old Uncle Ned," " O Susannah ! " " Nelly was a Lady," " Camptown Races," &c., are world-renowned. He received $15,QOO for his " Old Folks at Home." His later compositions were of a more refined and sentimental cast. Among them are " Willie, we have Missed You," " Come where my Love lies Dreaming," "Old Dog Tray," " Ella is an Angel," &c. His ballads have been translated into many languages, and pub. with his music. His best compositions have been collected into a vol. since his death. Poster, STEPHEN SYMONDS, a noted advo cate of the aoolition of slavery, b. Canterbury, N.H., Nov. 17, 1809. Dartm. Coll. 1838. He studied theology, but devoted himself wholly for years to the antislavery cause. He m. Abby Kelly, a kindred spirit, Dec. 21, 1845, and lives on a farm at Worcester, Ms. Author of " The Brotherhood of Thieves, a True Picture of the American Church and Clergy," and some arti cles for periodicals. Foster, WILLIAM S., col. U.S.A., b. N.H. ; d. Baton Rouge, La., Nov. 26, 1839. App. lieut. of inf. March, 1812 ; capt. March, 1813 ; brev. major " for gallant conduct in the de fence of Fort Erie, 7 Aug. 15, 1814 ; major 4th Inf. July 7, 1826; lieut.-col. June 8, 1836; brev. col. " for disting. service in Florida, and particularly in the battle of Okeechobee," Dec. 25, 1837. Gardner. Powle, DANIEL, printer, b. Charlestown, Ms. ; d. Portsmouth, N.H., June, 1787, a. 72. He was an apprentice with Samuel Kneeland ; commenced business in Boston in 1740. From 1742 to 50, he was partner with Gamaliel Rog ers, and, in 1748-50, joint publisher of the In dependent Advertiser. . In 1743-6, they pub. the American Magazine, and were the first in America to print the New Testament. In 1755, he was arrested, by order of the house of representatives, on suspicion of having print ed a pamphlet, entitled " The Monster of Monsters," severely animadverting on some of the members. Released in a few days, he left Boston in disgust, went to Portsmouth, N.H., and Oct. 7, 1756, commenced the publication of the N. H. Gazette. Powle, WILLIAM BENTLEY, teacher, and author of school text-books, b. Boston, Oct. 17, 1795; d. Feb. 6, 1865. His mother was the sister of Dr. Wm. Bentley, the eminent schol ar of Salem. He was apprenticed to the book seller Caleb Bingham, and after his death car ried on the business until 1821, when he com menced teaching. In 1842, he began to pub. the Common School Journal, and was its editor in 1848-52 ; member of the Ms. legisl. 1843. For list of his pubs, and memoir, see N. E. Hist, and Gen. Reg., Apr. 1869. Fowler, ORIN, clergyman and M.C., b. Lebanon, Ct., July 29, 1791; d. Washington, D.C., Sept. 3, 1852. Y. Coll. 1815. Son of Capt. Amos F., a Revol. soldier. He studied theology under Dr. Dwight, performed an ex tensive missionary tour in the valley of the Mpi., and in 1819 settled as pastor in Plain- field, Ct. He was twenty years a pastor in Fall River, which he represented in both branch es of the State legisl. for several years, and was M.C. from 1848 until his death. He replied ably to Mr. Webster s speech of March 7, 1850, and was a decided opponent of intemperance and slavery. He pub. " A Treatise on Bap tism," 1835 ; " Hist. Sketch of Fall River," 1841. N. E. Hist, and Gen. Reg., vii., 131. Fowler, ORSON SQUIRE, phrenologist, b. Cohoeton, N.Y., Oct. 11, 1809. Amh. Coll. 1834. He supported himself at college by saw ing wood for his fellow-students, and by teach ing during vacations. Turning his attention to phrenology, he soon began to lecture upon it, and established at Phila. in 1838, in connec tion with his bro. Lorenzo, the Amer. Phrennl. Journal. Among his publications are " Memory and Intellectual Improvement," 1841 ; "Phys iology, Animal and Mental," 1842; "Matri mony, or Phrenology applied to the Selection of Companions," 1842; " Self-Culture and Per fection of Character," 1843 ; "Hereditary De scent," 1 843 ; " Love and Parentage," 1 844 ; " A Home for All, or the Gravel- Wall and Octagon Mode of Building," 1849. In connection with his bro. Lorenzo, he has written " Phrenology Proved, Illustrated, and Applied," 1836; and the " Self-Instructor in Phrenology and Phys iology," 1849. He has lectured in almost every part of the U.S. and in Canada. Appleton. Fowler, WILLIAM CHAUNCEY,LL.D. (Laf. Coll. 1861), b. Clinton, Ct., 1 Sept. 1793. Y.C 337 1816. Tutor in Y.C. 1819-23 ; prof, of rheto ric and oratory in Mid. Coll. 1 1 years ; prof, of rhetoric, Amh. Coll., 5 years ; pastor at Greenfield, Ms., 31 Aug. 1825 to 1827. De scended from William of Milford, and mater nally from Pres. Chas. Chauncey. Member Ms. legisl. 1851, and of the Senate of Ct. in 1864. Author of " The Sectional Controversy," 8vo, 1863; "Chauncey Memorial," 1858; "History of Durham," 1866, and of a series of grammars. Contrib. to periodicals ; editor, in 1845, of the University edition of " Webster s Dictionary." Biog. Sketches, Class of 1 81 6, Y. C. Fowles, REV. JAMES PI., b. Nassau, New Providence, 1812; d. 1854. Y.C. 1831. Son of Lieut. Henry F. of the British army. Li censed by the^N.Y. presbytery in 1833; sub sequently ordained by Bishop Bowen of S.C., and, after officiating in several parishes in that State, settled in 1845 over the Church of the Epiphany, Phila. Author of "Prot. Epis. Views of Baptism," &c., 1846; "30 Sermons," with a Memoir of the author, 8vo, 1855. Fox, CHARLES JAMES, lawyer and author, b. Antrim, N.H., Oct. 11,1811; d. Nashua, N.H., Feb. 17, 1846. Dartm. Coll. 1831. Becamelaw- partner with Hon. Daniel Abbot of Nashua in 1834; member of the N.H. legisl. in 1837; county solicitor, 1835-44; one of a commis sion to revise the N.H. statutes in 1841-2; went to Egypt in 1843, and to the W. Indies in 1844 ; compiled, with Rev. Samuel Osgood, " The N. H. Book of Prose and Poetry," 1842 ; pub. " The History of D unstable," 1846, and "The Town-Officer," 12mo, 1843. Fox, RT. HON. HENRY STEPHEN, a British diplomatist; d. Oct. 13, 1846, at Washington, D.C. Son of Gen. Henry Fox, and nephew to the disting. Charles James. The first minister- plenipo. of Great Britain to Buenos Ayres, he was transferred to Rio de Janeiro, and thence to the U.S. in 1836. He conducted the difficult negotiations growing out of the burning of the steamer " Caroline," the case of McLeod, &c., which he brought to a happy conclusion, pre serving the friendly relations of the two coun tries. Fox, LUKE, an English navigator, b. ab. 1585; d. after 1635. A seaman from his youth, his thoughts were early turned towards the discovery of a north-west passage, which to the day of his death, and notwithstanding his ill success, he believed practicable. Having procured from Charles I. a vessel, furnished with whatever was necessary to the enterprise, he left Deptford, May 5, 1631 ; arriving at Hudson s Bay June 22. During the explo ration of this bay, he discovered, July 27, an island, which he named " Sir Thomas Rowe s Welcome," and named the cape which bounded its northern extremity " Wostenholme s Ulti ma Vale." Proceeding northward, he discov ered and named various points situated in the large island since known as " Cumberland Is land ; " but, despairing of penetrating the Polar Sea by Hudson s Bay, he determined to return, and arrived in the Downs Oct. 21. He pub. the relation of his voyage, Lond., 1635, 4to, with mnp, Foxcroft, THOMAS, pastor of the First Church, Boston, from Nov. 20, 1717, to his d., 23 June 18, 1769; b. Cambridge, Ms., Feb. 26, 1697. H.U. 1714. Son of Hon. Francis of Cambridge. He was learned, devout, a strong reasoner, polite and elegant in manner, and universally admired. His writings, 32 in num ber, evince clear perception, lively imagination, and sound judgment. Among them are "Ob servations, Hist, and Practical, on the Rise and Primitive State of N.E., a Century Sermon," Aug. 23, 1730. His son SAMUEL, 28 years minister of New Gloucester, Me., d. Mar. 2, 1807. H.U. 1754. Frailey, JAMES MADISON, commodore U.S.N., b. Md., May 6, 1809. Midshipman, May 1, 1828; lieut. Sept. 8, 1841; command er, 1861 ; capt. Feb. 6, 1866. Lieut. F. served in the naval battery before Vera Cruz ; com. the steamer " Quaker City," So. Atlantic block, squad., 1862-4, which was struck by a shell, and partly disabled, in attack by rebel rams off Charleston, Jan. 31, 1863; com. " Tusca- rora " in both attacks on Fort Fisher, and com. steam-sloop "Saranac,"N. Pacific squad., 1867-8; commo. March 2, 1870; app. to com mand League Island naval station, Apr. 30, 1870. Retired 6 May, 1871. Franchere, GABRIEL, b. Montreal, 1786. Author of " Travels in Oregon," 1st edition in French, 1819-20; translation, N.Y., 1854. Allibone. Francia, JOSE GASPAR RODRIGUEZ, dic tator of Paraguay, b. Asuncion, 1757; d. there 20 Sept. 1840. His father was a French propri etor, his mother a Creole. He studied at the U. of Cordova, obtained the degree of LL.D., and acquired an extensive law-practice. App. in 1811 sec. to the patriot junta, in 1813 consul with Yegros as his colleague, and in 1814 dic tator : the improved state of affairs under his management led the people, in 1817, to confer upon him despotic authority. His measures, though arbitrary and severe, were adapted to the condition and wants of the country. His most extraordinary measure was to close the country against all foreign intercourse. See Carli/le in Edinb. Review, 1 843 ; Francia s Reign of Terror, 1839, and Letters on S. Amer. 1843, by Robertson. Francis, CONVERS, D.D. (H.U. 1837), clergyman and author, b. W. Cambridge, Ms., Nov. 9, 1795 ; d. Camb. April 7, 1863. H.U. 1815. He studied at the Camb. Div. School ; was pastor of the Unitarian church, Water- town, from June 23, 1819, to 1842 ; and from 1842, to his death, was "Parkman Prof, of Pulpit Eloquence and the Pastoral Care in H.U." Brother of Mrs. Lydia Maria Child. He pub. " Errors of Education," a discourse, May, 1 828 ; hist, sketch of Watertown, 1 830 ; a discourse at Plymouth, Dec. 22, 1832; a Dudleian Lecture at Cambridge, 1833 ; Lives of Rev. John Eliot and Sebastian Rale in Sparks s " Am. Biography ; " Memoir of Rev. John Allyn, 1836, of Dr. Gamaliel Bradford, 1846, and of Judge Davis, 1849, pub. in Ms. Hist. Colls., besides articles in religious peri odicals. Francis, EBENEZER, col. llth Ms. regt. Revol. army ; killed in battle of Hubbardton, 7 July, 1777. Francis, JOHN BROWN, politician, r. S38 Ph:lA., May 31^ 1794; d. Warwick, R.I., Aug. 9, 1864. Brown U. 1808. Losing his father in infancy, he was reared by his maternal grand father, Nicholas Brown, one of the founders of Brown U. He acquired a mercantile edu- ration in the house of Brown & Ives of Provi dence, and attended the Litchfield Law School. In 1821, he settled at Spring Green as an ag riculturist. Member of the State legisl. in 1821-9; State senator in 1831; gov. in 1833-8; State senator in 1842; U.S. senator, 1844-5; State senator again in 1849-56 ; trustee in Brown U. 1828 to 1857, and chancellor from 1841 to 1854. Francis, JOHN WAKEFIELD, M. D., LL.D. (Trin. Coll. 1850), physician and au thor, b. New York, Nov. 17, 1789 ; d. there Feb. 8, 1861. Col. Coll. 1809. M.D. of Col. of Phys. and Surgs. In his youth, he was em ployed as a printer ; but in 1807 began to study medicine under Dr. Hosack, and was his partner till 1820. From 1810 to 1814, they pub. the Amer. Med. and P kilos. Register, a quarterly. In 1813, he was lecturer on the institutes of med. and materia medica at the Coll. of Phys. and Surgs. ; soon after received the chair of materia medica from Col. Coll. ; visited Europe, where he was a pupil of Aber- nethy ; became prof, of the institutes of med. on his return ; prof, of med. jurisprudence in 1817, also of obstetrics from 1819 to 1826, and for 4 years filled the chair of obstet rics in the Rutgers Med. School. He after ward devoted himself to practice and to lite rary pursuits. In 1822-4, he was one of the editors of the Med. and Physical Journal. He actively promoted the objects of the N. Y. Hist. Society, the Woman s Hospital, the State Ine briate Asylum, and the typographical guild. Author of biog. sketches of many of the dis- ting. men of his time, articles in medical peri odicals, and pub. "Use of Mercury," 1811 ; " Cases of Morbid Anatomy," 1814 ; " Febrile Contagion," 1816; "Notice of Thomas Ed dy," 1823 ; "Denman s Practice of Midwifery," 1825 ; " Letter on Cholera Asphyxia of 1832 ; " " Observations on the Mineral Waters of Avon," 1834; "The Anatomy of Drunken ness ; " " Old N.Y., or Reminiscences of the past 60 Years," 1857 ; Memoir of Christopher Colles, in the Knickerbocker Gallery, 1855; and numerous discourses before literary societies. He was one of the founders of the N.Y. Hist. Society ; was first pres. of the N.Y. Acad. of Med. in 1847, and a member of many scientific bodies at home and abroad. Of his son, JOHN W., jun., who d. Jan. 20, 1855, a "Memorial " was written by H. T. Tuckerman, N.Y., 1855. Francisco, HENRY, b. France; d. near Whitehall, N.Y., Nov. 1820, a. 134. He came to the U.S. about 1740, and served through the Old French and Revol. wars. Present at the coronation of Queen Anne. Francisco, PETER, Revol. hero, sergeant- at-arms, Va. H. of Delegates ; d. Richmond, Va., Jan. 17, 1831. See Garden s Anecdotes. Frankland, SIR CHARLES HENRY, bart., b Bengal, May 10, 1716; d. Bath, Eng., Jan. 11, 1768. His father was gov. of the E J. Co. s factory at Bengal. App. collector of the port *f Boston in 1741. He was at Lisbon, Nov. 1, 1755, the day of the great earthquake, and is said to have been rescued from the ruins which had buried him by Agnes Surriage, to whom he was shortly afterward married. In 1 757, he was app. consul. -gen. at Lisbon, and re signed his Boston office. He had bought a fine estate at Hopkinton, Ms., upon which Lady F. resided until the breaking-out of the Revol., when she went to Eng., where she d. Apr. 23, 1783. Holmes has versified the story of Lady F. See Memoir by Ellas Nason. Franklin, BENJAMIN, philosopher and statesman, b. Boston, 17 Jan. 1706 ; d. Phila., 17 Apr. 1790. Josiah, his father, a tallow- chandler and soap-boiler, came from Eng. in 1682. Mary, his mother, was dau. of Peter Folger, the Quaker poet of Nantucket. Ap prenticed to his brother James, a printer, he made occasional contribs. to a newspaper pub. by him, but, not agreeing with him, clandes tinely left home at 17, and established himself as a printer in Phila. Deceived by the repre sentations of Gov. Keith, he went to Eng., where he worked as a journeyman more than a y^ear ; returned in 1726, and in 1729 estab lished himself in business in Phila. ; became editor and proprietor of the Pa. Gazette; in. Deborah Reed in 1730; commenced publish ing, as " Richard Saunders," an almanac, com monly called " Poor Richard s Almanac," which acquired a wide celebrity; and soon established for himself a high reputation for public spirit, as well as for wisdom and fore sight. He founded the Phila. Library in 1731, became clerk of the Gen. Assembly, 1736, postmaster of Phila. 1737, dep. postmaster- gen, of the British Colonies, 1753, agent of the people in opposing the claim of the proprietary govs., of exemption from taxation in Eng., 1757-62, and received the thanks of the As sembly for the able and successful performance of his mission. In 1752, he made, by means of a kite, the great discovery of the identity of lightning with the electric fluid. This pro cured him the membership of the Royal Society, the Copley gold medal, and the degree of LL.D. in 1762 from Oxford and Edinburgh. In 1755, he furnished transportation for Brad - dock s exped. Commissioner in 1754 to the Albany Congress, he drew up the plan of union for the common defence adopted by that body. He had been many years a member of the Assembly, by whom he was, in 1764, sent to England as agent, in which capacity he afterward acted for several other colonies. In the examination before the house of com mons, in 1766, his information, sense, and wisdom were shown conspicuously ; and the obnoxious Stamp Act was soon repealed. He earnestly endeavored to prevent the rupture with the mother-country, and did not leave his post until war was inevitable. Arriving in Phila. 5 May, 1775, he was immediately elected to Congress ; was one of the committee to prepare, and a signer of, the Declaration of Independence; and from the close of 1776, until his return in Sept. 1785, was ambassador to France. To him is due the principal credit of procuring the treaty of alliance with France, signed at Paris, 6 Feb. 1778, which secured the independence of the American Colonies. He 339 also took an important part in the negotiations with Eng., and signed the preliminary articles of peace at Paris, 30 Nov. 1782. The definitive treaty was signed 3 Sept. 1783 by Franklin, Adams, and Jay. He afterwards negotiated with Prussia a treaty, in which he inserted an article against privateering. Gov. of Pa. 1 786-8 ; delegate to the convention to form a Constitution for the U.S. in May, 1787. His last public act was the signature of a memorial to Congress by the Abolition Society, of which he was the founder and pres. His philanthropic and useful labors were extraor dinary. He founded the tirst iire-company in 1738, organized a voluntary assoc. for the de fence of the province in 1744, was col. of a regt., and built forts for the protection of the frontier in 1755; invented the harmonica, a musical instrument, and the Franklin stove. In 1773, he forwarded the letters of Hutchin- son, Oliver, and others, to the legisl. of Ms., a disclosure which had important results. In 1776, he was pres. of the convention which formed the constitution of Pa. He left one son, William, who was gov. of N.J., and a dau., Sarah (Bache.) Franklin left an interesting autobiography, which is prefixed to the edition of his entire works by Jared Sparks, 10 vols. 8vo, 1850. See John Bigelow s corrected edition of Franklin s Autobioy., 1868; Parton s Life of Franklin, 2 vols., 1864; Historic Amer icans, by Theodore Parker, 1870. Franklin, JESSE, statesman, b. Surry Co., N.C., 1758; d. there Sept. 1823. A major in the Revol. war ; member of the H. of delegates in 1794; M.C. 1795-7; H. of dele gates, 1799 to 1805; State senator, 1805-6; U.S. senator, 1807-13; gov. of N.C. 1820-1; a commissioner to treat with the Chickasaws in 1816. Franklin, SIR JOHN, an Eng. navigator and arctic explorer, b. Spilsby, Lincolnshire, Apr. 1786; d. 11 June, 1847. Entering the navy ab. 1800, he served with distinction at Trafalgar, and was slightly wounded in the attack on N. Orleans, Jan. 1815. As a lieut. he com. " The Trent " in the arctic exped. of 1818, under Capt. Buchan. In 1819, he led an over land exped. to trace the coast line of N. Amer., an account of which he pub. on his return, and was made a capt. In 1825 he renewed this enterprise, tracing the coast from the mouth of the Coppermine River to the 150th meridian, for which service he was knighted. Gov. of Van Dieman s Land in 1836-42. In May, 1845, he sailed with " The Erebus" and " Ter ror " to discover a north-west passage, and never returned. Several expeds. were sent in search of him from Eng. and Amer., without success ; but Dr. Rae found in 1854 some relics of the party. In the summer of 1859, Capt. McClin- tock discovered on the shore of King William s Land a record, deposited in a cairn by the sur vivors of Franklin s company, dated 25 Apr. 1848, stating that Sir John d. 11 June, 1847 ; that the ships were abandoned 22 Apr. 1848, when the survivors, 105 in number, started for the Great Fish River. Many relics were found of this party, who perished on their journey, probably soon after leaving their vessels. Franklin, WILLIAM, son of Dr. Benj. F., and the last roy. gov. of N.J., b. Phila. 1730 ; d. Eng. Nov. 17, 1813. He served as post master of Phila., as clerk of the Pa. Assem bly, and, as capt. in the French war, gained praise for his conduct at Ticonderoga. At the close of the war he went to Eng. with his father, studied law in Lond., and was adm. to the bar in 1758, and, visiting Scotland, became acquainted with the Earl of Bute, who recom mended him to Lord Fairfax. The latter gave him, unsolicited, the app. of gov. of N.J. in 1762. For a time, he enjoyed considerable popularity, but was deposed by the first Prov. Cong., in July, 1776, declared an enemy to his country, and was confined at E. Windsor, Ct. Released in Nov. 1778, he served for a short period as pres. of the Board of Loyalists in N.J., but in Aug. 1782 went to Eng., where he obtained a pension. In 1784, the father and son, after an estrangement of 10 years, be came- reconciled. His son, William Temple Franklin, editor of the works of Dr. F., b. ab. 1760, died at Paris, May 25, 1823. He accomp. his grandfather to Paris, acting as his secretary. Franklin, WILLIAM BUEL, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. York, Pa., Feb. 27, 1823. West Point (1st in his class), 1843. Entering the topog. engs. in the summer of 1845, he accomp. Kearny s exped. to the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains. He served on Gen. Taylor s staff at Buena Vista ; was brev. 1st lieut. for that battle, and from June, 1848, to Jan. 1852, was assist, prof, of nat. philos. at. West Point. Feb.-June, 1852, he was prof, of nat. philos. and civil engineering at the N.Y. City Free Acad. Capt. July 1, 1857. In 1859, he became supt. of the Capitol and post-office extensions at Washington ; and in March, 1861, of the extension of the national treasury building; col. 12th U.S. Inf. May 14, 1861; brig.-gen. of vols. May 17, 1861, and assigned in July a brigade in Heintzelman s division. At the battle of Bull Run, he was " in the hottest of the fight." On the re organization of the army in Sept., he received a division in the Army of the Potomac. He re-enforced McClellan after the evacuation of Yorktown, transporting his division by water to West Point, on York River, and repulsed the enemy under Gens. Whiting and G. W. Smith, who attempted to prevent his landing, May 8, 1862. May 15, he was app. to com. the 6th Army Corps. He participated in the operations before Richmond, repulsing the enemy on the right bank of the Chickahominy, June 27 and 28, and again, in conjunction with Sumner s corps, at Savage s Station, June 29. He com. at the battle of White-oak Bridge, June 30; made maj.-gen. of vols. July 4, and brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. June 30, 1862. At South Mountain, Sept. 14, he disting. himself by storming Crampton s Gap. He was in the battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, and in Dec. was placed in com. of the left grand division, and was in the battle of Fredericksburg. He com. at Baton Rouge, La., July-Aug. 1863 ; exped. to Sabine Pass, Tex., Sept. 1863; and from 15 Aug. 1863, to 29 Apr. 1864, com. the 19th Army Corps, dept. of the Gulf; took part in the Red River 340 campaign under Banks, and engaged at Sabine Cross Roads, where he was wounded, 8 Apr. 1864; Pleasant Hill, Apr. 9, 1864, and Cane River, 23 Apr. 1864. Brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 ; resigned 15 Mar. 1866. Vice-pres. and gen. agent Colt s Fire Arm Co., Hartford, Ct., since 15 Nov. 1865. Cullum. Fraser, CHARLES, artist, b. Charleston, S.C., Aug. 20, 1782; d. there Oct. 5, 1860. At the age of 12 or 14, he made sketches of the scenery of Charleston and vicinity. He studied law, however ; was adm. to practice in 1807; at the end of 11 years retired with a com petency, and thenceforth devoted himself to art. He attained eminent success in miniature-paint ing. In 1825, he painted the portrait of La fayette, and during 50 years had painted nearly every (listing, citizen of S.C. He also pro duced many landscapes, interiors, historical pieces, and pictures of genre and still life. Mr. Fraser was also a writer of periodical litera ture, poetry, and occasional addresses. In Jan. 1857, an exhibition of his collected works was opened in Charleston, numbering 31 3 min iatures, and 139 landscapes and other pieces in oils. He was for a short time a resident of Boston. Author of " Reminiscences of Charles ton." Frazee, JOHN, sculptor and architect, b. Rahway, N.J., July 18, 1790; d. N. Bedford, Ms., March 3, 1852. In early life he was a farmer and stone-cutter, and, removing to N.Y., was long unsurpassed in the beauty and finish of his monuments, tablets, ornamental mantles, and the delicacy of his lettering. Turning his attention to sculpture, he produced a mural tab let and bust of John Welles for St. Paul s Church, a most elaborate and highly-finished piece. At the request of the trustees of the Boston Athenaeum, in 1834 he modelled a series of busts of eminent men in that city, which now adorn its library : they were of Webster, Bowditch, Prescott, Story, J. Lowell, and T. H. Perkins. He also produced heads of John Marshall, Jackson, Lafayette, DeWitt Clinton, Jay, Bishop Hobart, Dr. Milnor, Dr. Stearns. Architect of the N. Y. custom-house, in which he was some time an officer. Frazer, SIMON, a Brit. gen. ; killed at the battle of Bemis Heights, Oct. 7, 1777. Said to be the youngest son of Hugh of Balnain, and to have served in one of the Scotch regts. in the pay of Holland. Capt. 2d Highland Batt. Jan. 11, 1757 ; served with distinction in Germany; major 24th Foot, March, 1761; lieut.-col. July, 1768; col. Sept. 6, 1777, and app. .brig.-gen. by Carleton, June 22, 1776, in which capacity he accomp. Burgoyne s exped. He pursued the Americans in their retreat from Ticonderoga, and, overtaking them, gained the victory of Hubbardton, July 7, 1777. He took part in the first battle of Stillwater, Sept. 19, 1777 ; and in the second battle, fought on the same ground, was shot by a rifleman. He was a brave and skilful soldier. Freeman, GEORGE WASHINGTON, D.D., missionary bishop of Ark. and the Indian Terr, south, with supervision of the church in Texas. Consec. Oct. 26, 1844; d. Apr. 29, 1858, a. 69. Freeman, JAMES, D.D. (H.U. isn), clergyman, b. Charlestown, Ms., Apr. 22, 1759 ; d. Newton, Ms., Nov. 14, 1835. H.U. 1777. In 1782 he was lay-reader, and Oct. 18, 1782, was chosen pastor, of the Episc. society wor- shipping at King s Chapel, Boston. Dis carding the doctrine of the Trinity while lay- reader, his sentiments were adopted by the greater part of his hearers, who resolved to alter their liturgy, and ordained him as their minister, 18 Nov. 1787. Dr. Freeman was the first minister in the U.S. who openly assumed the name of Unitarian. A vol. of his sermons was pub. 1832. One of the founders of the Ms. Hist. Society. Freeman, JAMES E., artist, b. Nova Sco tia ; was at a very early age brought by his par ents to Otsego, N. Y. Through difficulties and hardships he made his way to N.Y., stud ied at the National Acad., soon became a mem ber, and m. the sister of Latilla, an artist of merit, who devoted himself to rural architect ure, and d. a few years since at Chautauqua, N.Y. Freeman has resided many years in Italy, and has a decided genius for expression. Among his pictures are " The Beggars," " The Bad Shoe," " The Crusader s Return," " Flow er-Girl," " Savoyard Boy," " Young Italy," and "Study of* an Angel." His wife is a sculptor of promise. Tuckerman. Freeman, NATHANIEL, jurist and physi cian, b. Dennis, Ms., Apr. 8, 1741 ; d. Sand wich, Ms., Sept. 20, 1827. He studied medi cine, and in 1765 settled in Sandwich, where he studied law under his relative, Col. James Otis. An early patriot of the Revol., he head ed a regt. of militia in the exped. to R. I. He performed important services in the legisl. ; was a brig.-gen. of militia in 1781-93; register of Probate, 1775-1822; judge of C.C.P., 1775- 1811; distinguished as a physician and sur geon. He was one of the best extempore speak ers of his day, was twice m., and had 20 chil dren. Freeman, SAMUEL, judge, b. Portland, Me., June 15, 1743; d. there June 15, 1831. Son of Judge Enoch, who d. Sept. 2, 1788, a. 81. Active and zealous in the early Revol. struggles. Sec. of the Cumberland Co. Con vention in 1774; an industrious and useful member of the Prov. Congress in 1775, and of the house of representatives in 1776 and 1778. In 1775, on the re-organization of the courts, he was app. clerk, continuing 45 years. Register of probate also, until commissioned judge in 1804, continuing until 1820. Post master of P. 1776-1805. An active and effi cient friend of Bowd. Coll. Pub. " Town Of ficer," "American Clerk s Magazine," "The Massachusetts Justice," 8vo, 1803; "Pro bate Directory," 12mo, 1803. He edited the Journal of Rev. Thos. Smith, pub. 1821. . Frelinghuysen (fre-ling-hi -zen), GEN FREDERICK, Revol. soldier, and an eminent lawyer, b. N. J., Apr. 13, 1753; d. Apr. 13, 1804. N. J. Coll. 1770. Son of Rev. John of Raritan, N. J. Member of the Cont. Con gress in 1775, 1778-9, and 1782-3. Served as a capt. and col. in the army, was at Trenton and Monmouth, and was said to have shot the Hessian commander Rahl. He served through the war, afterward filled various State and county offices, and in 1790 was app by 3TRE 341 Washington a maj.-gen. in an exped. against the Western Indians. U.S. senator, 1793-6. Frelinghuysen, THEODORE, LL.D. (N. J. Coll, 1803), statesman and scholar, son of Frederick, b. Millstone, N. J., Mar. 28, 1787; d. N. Brunswick, N. J., Apr. 12, 1862. N. J. Coll. 1804. Adm. to the bar in 1808, he soon attained high repute as a lawyer. He was a capt. of vols. in the war of 1812 ; was in 1817 chosen atty.-gen. of the State by a legisl. op posed to him in politics, and in 1829-35 was a U. S. senator. In this body he heartily sup ported all acts tending to ameliorate the con dition of the poor and oppressed, or to elevate their moral or religious character. He advocat ed bills for the improvement of the condition of the Indian tribes, the suppression of Sun day mails, and supported Mr. Clay in the tar iff and compromise acts of 1832. Mayor of Newark, N. J., in 1837 and 1838. Chancellor of the U. of N.Y. from 1838 to 1850. In 1844, he was nominated by the Whig party for Vice- Pres. on the ticket with Henry Clay. From 1850 until his death, he was pres. of Rutgers Coll. N. J. He filled many places of honor and of trust. Pres. of the Board of Missions and of the Bible Society. See T. W. Cham bers s Memoir of Frelinghuysen, 1863. Fremont, JOHN CHARLES, explorer and soldier, b. Savannah, Ga., 21 Jan. 1813. Charles. Coll. 1830. His father was a French man, his mother a Virginian. Instr. in math ematics in the navy in 1833-5. He accomp. Capt. Williams, U.S.A., in a survey of the Cherokee country, in the winter of 1837-8, and in 1838-9 assisted Nicollet in exploring the country between the Missouri and the British line. App. 2d lieut. topog. engs. 7 July, 1838; and 19 Oct. 1841 he m. Jessie, dau. of Thomas H. Benton. In May, 1842, he began, under the authority of govt., the exploration of an overland route to the Pacific ; examined the South Pass of the Rocky Mts. ; ascended in Aug. the highest peak of the Wind River Mts., now called Fremont s Peak, and, return ing in the autumn of 1842, pub. a report com mended by Humboldt in his " Aspects of Na ture." In the summer of 1843, in another sxped., he explored the Great Salt Lake ; reaching Fort Vancouver, near the mouth of the Columbia River, in Nov. Attempting to re turn by a more southern route, his progress was impeded by deep snows, and his party suf fered severely from hunger and cold. Chan ging his course, he returned through the Great Basin and the South Pass, having exhibited a fortitude and daring rarely surpassed, and was brev. capt. 31 July, 1844. In a third ex- l-ed. in 1845, he explored the Sierra Nevada, California, &c. In Mar. 1846, he successfully repelled an attack by Mexicans, near Monte rey ; was maj. comg. batt. of Cal. vols. July- Nov. 1846; app. licut.-col. mounted rifles, 27 May, 1846, and was app. gov. of Cal. by Com. Stockton, whose authority was disputed by Gen. Kearney . Arrested by the latter, he was tried by a court-martial, and found guilty of mutiny and disobedience. Pardoned by the Pres., but declined the pardon, and resigned his commission. In 1 848, he undertook a new ex ped. across the continent. His guide lost his way ; and, after encountering incredible hard ship, he returned, with the loss of one-third of his party, to Santa Fe. Renewing his efforts, he successfully encountered the hostile Apaches, and in 100 days reached the Sacramento. In 1849 he settled in Cal., where he had purchased the auriferous Mariposa tract, the title to which, after much litigation, was confirmed by the U.S. Sup. Court in 1855. Commissioner in 1849 to run the boundary-line between the U. S. and Mexico. He used his influence to make California a free State, and was her U.S. sen ator in 1850-51. In 1850, he received for his scientific services a gold medal from the King of Prussia, and another from the Roy. Geog. Soc., Lond. In 1853, he led, at his own ex pense, a 5th exped., and succeeded in finding a new route to the Pacific, ab. lat. 38 north. Repub. nominee for the presidency in 1856, he received 1 14 votes against 174 for his successful competitor, Buchanan. In the fall of 1860, he visited Europe. App. maj.-gen. U.S.A., 14 May, 1861, and assigned to com. the Western dist. In Aug. he issued an order emancipating the slaves of those who should take arms against the U.S., which was annulled by the Pres. as premature. He was in pursuit of the insur gents, whom he had just overtaken at Spring field, Mo., when he was removed from the com., 2 Nov. 1861. App. to com. the moun tain dept., including parts of Va., Ky., and Tenn., in Feb. 1862, and June 8 fought an indecisive battle at Cross Keys. Recalled from the pursuit of Jackson, he resigned his com., and was nom. to the pres. by the Cleve land Conv. in 1864. See Lives, by John Bige- low, 1856, and C. W. Upham, 1856, Fremont s Explorations, 2 vols., 1859. French, AUG. C., lawyer, gov. of Illinois, 1846-53. Law prof, in McKendree Coll., 111. ; b. N.H. ; d. Lebanon, 111., Sept. 4, 1864. French, BENJAMIN F., hist, writer, b. Richmond, Va., June 8, 1799. He received a classical education, and studied law, but aban doned it on account of ill health. In 1825, hav ing previously contrib. essays and poems to va rious periodicals, he pub. "Biographia Ameri cana," and soon after " Memoirs of Eminent Female Writers." Though actively engaged in planting and commercial pursuits, he has pyub. 5 vols. 8vo of " Historical Colls, of Louisi ana," 1846-53. He has also in preparation 2 vols. of " Hist. Annals," relating to the htst. of N. America from its discovery to 1850. Before taking up his residence in N. York, he gave most of his extensive private library to the Fisk Free Library of N. Or leans. Author, also, of " History and Prog ress of the Iron Trade of the U.S.," 1821-57, 8vo, 1858; "Beauties of Byron, Scott, and Moore," 2 vols., 1828, Phila. Duyckinck. French, L. VIRGINIA, poetess, b. on the Eastern Shore of Va., at the country-seat of her maternal grandfather, Capt. Thos. Parker, a Revol. officer, ab. 1830. With her sister, she was educated at the Washington Female Sera., Pa. ; and in 1848 they established themselves as teachers in Memphis, Tenn. Under the signature of " L Inconnue," Virginia contrib. articles to the journals and magazines of that region, and in 1852 was assoc. with others in 342 FRI the pub. of the " Southern Ladies Book." Jan. 12, 1853, she m. John H. French of Mc- Minnville, Tenn., where she has since resided. She pub. in 1856 " Wind Whispers," a collec tion of her poems ; and has since written a series of historical " Legends of the South," also a five-act tragedy, "Iztalilxo, the Lady of Tala." She succeeded Mrs. Bryan as editress of the Crusader, of Atlanta, Ga. French, WILLIAM HENRY, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Md. ab. 1818. West Point, 1837. Entering the 1st Art., he served in the Florida war in 1837-8; was assist, adj. -gen. to Gen. Patterson, and aide to Gen. Pierce in 1847 ; was brev. capt. for gallantry at Cerro Gordo, and major for Contreras and Churubusco. Capt. 1st Art. 22 Sept. 1848 ; engaged against the Semiuoles in Fla. 1850-3 ; app. brig.-gen. of vols. Sept. 28, 1861, and, Oct. 26, major 2d Art. ; engaged in the Peninsular campaign in Va., at Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Oak Grove, Gaines s Mill, Peach Orchard, Savage Sta tion, Glendale, and Malvern Hill. In the battles of Antietam and of Fredericksburg, he com. a division of Sumner s army corps ; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; engaged at Chancel- lorsville ; com. 3d army corps from 7 July, 1863 ; engaged at Manassas Gap, 23 July ; m the Rapidan campaign, Oct.-Dec. 1863 ; en gaged at Auburn, 7 Oct. ; com. 2d and 3d corps in forced passage of the Rappahannock at Kelly s Ford, 7 Nov. ; of 3d corps in opera tions at Mine Run, Nov. 1863; in com. at Havre de Grace in July, 1864; lieut.-col. 2d Art. 8 Feb. 1864 ; brev. lieut.-col. for Fair Oaks, col. for Antietam, brig.-gen. for Chan- cellorsville, and maj.-gen. for gallant and merit, services in the Rebellion. Cullum. Freneau, PHILIP, poet of the Amer. Revol., b. N.Y. City, Jan. 2, 1752; d. Mon- mouth,N.J.,Dec.l8,1832. N.J. Coll. 1771. Of Huguenot descent. His grandfather Andrew was. a merchant of N.Y. ; and Peter, his fa ther, a wine-seller. At 17, Philip wrote " The Poetical History of the Prophet Jonah." In 1776, he went in a mercantile capacity to the W. Indies, remaining some time. In 1779, he was a leading contrib. to the U. S. Magazine, edited by H. H. Brackenridge at Phila. In 1 780, while on a voyage to the W. Indies, he was captured by the British, and experienced the horrors of a prison-ship in N.Y., after ward the subject of one of his poems. On his release, he became a frequent contrib. of patri otic verses to the Freeman s Journal of Phila. From this unprofitable employment he turned to mercantile affairs, and made frequent voy ages to the W. Indies. In 1791, he edited the Daily Advertiser in N.Y., which in Oct. he left for the National Gazette of Phila., being at the same time employed by Jefferson as translating clerk in the State dept., and un sparingly assailing in his journal the policy of Washington. Freneau was a zealous Democrat. He retired to N.J. in 1793, and May 2, 1795, began at Mount Pleasant the Jersey Chronicle, discontinued at the end of the year. In 1797, he edited at N.Y. the Timepiece and Literary Companion. He m., ab. 1782, Elinor, dau. of Samuel Forman of N.J., by whom he had 4 daughters. Freneau s productions " animated his countrymen in the darkest days of 76, and cheered the desponding soldier as he fought the battles of freedom. Campbell and Scott borrowed from him ; and Jeffrey predicted that the time would come when his poetry, like Hu- dibras, would command a commentator lika Gray." He pub. " A Translation of the Travels of the Abbe Robin " in N.Y. 1783 ; " Poems," Phila. 1786; " Miscellaneous Works," 1788; " Poems written between 1768 and 1794," Mount Pleasant, N.J., 1795 ; " Letters on Vari ous Subjects," &c., by Robert Slender, Phila. 1799; a new edition of his Poems, 1809; " Poems written between 1797 and 1815," 2 vols., N.Y. 1815. An edition of his Revol. Poems, with a Memoir and Notes, by E. A. Duyckinck, was pub. in N.Y. in 1865." PETER, his bro., edited and pub. at Charleston, S.C. (1795- 1810), the City Gazette, a Democ. print. Comr. of loans for S.C. ; had been sec. of State of S.C. ; d. Oct. 1814, a. 57. Duyckinck. Frey, REV. JOSEPH SAMUEL C. F., b. Germany, of Jewish parentage, 1772 ; d. Pon- tiac, Mich., 1850, He became a Christian at 25, came to the U.S. in 1816, was some time a Presb. preacher in N.Y., and subsequently, as a Baptist, labored both in Eng. and the U.S. as a missionary for the conversion of the Jews. Author of "Narrative," Lond., 1809; "Van- derhooght s Heb. Bible," 8vo, 1811 ; "Bib- lia Hebraica, a Hebrew Grammar in the Eng. Lang.," 1812; "Joseph and Benjamin," 2 vols. 12mo; "Judah and Israel," 1837; Jewish Intelligencer, vol. 1 ; " Lectures on the Scripture Types," 2 vols., 1841. Frezier (fra -zea ), AMEDEE FRANQOIS, French military engineer, b. Chambery, 1 682 ; d. 1 773. In 1 706, he pub. a " Treatise on Fire- Works;" and in 1716, "Voyage to the South Sea and the Coasts of Chili and Peru in 1712," which was often reprinted. Chief en gineer of the fortifications constructed in Brit tany after 1740. Frick, CHARLES, M.D.. b. Baltimore, Aug. 8, 1823; d. there Mar. 25, 1860. M.D. U. of Md. 1845. His father, Wm. - Frick, judge of the Bait, Sup. Court, d. 1855. He received a classical education at Bait. Coll., studied engineering, but adopted the medical profession, and opened an office in Baltimore in 1845. In the fall of 1847, he organized the Md. Med. Institute, in which he taught practi cal medicine; was physician to the Md. Peni tentiary in 1849-56; was prominent in the Bait. Pathol. Society in 1855-6; was prof, of mat. med. in the Md. Coll. of Pharmacy in 1856-8; and prof, of mat. med. and therapeu tics in the U. of Md. in 1858-60, also hav ing charge of the Bait. Infirmary. He pub. a vol. on " Renal Diseases "in 1850, and contrib. to the Journal of Med. Science, and other sci entific periodicals. Gross s Med. Biog. Frisbie, LEVI, scholar, b. Ipswich, Ms., Sept. 15, 1783 ; d. Cambridge, July 9, 1822. H. U. 1802. Son of Levi, minister of Ips wich, missionary to the Delaware Indians west of the Ohio; d. Feb. 25, 1806, a. 56. Dartm. Coll. 1771. The son was a teacher in Concord. Ms., and commenced the study of law, but became Latin tutor in H. U. in 1805 ; prof, of Latin in 1816, and Nov. 5, 1817, Alford FRO 343 Prci. of moral philosophy and political econo my. A coll. of his writings, with some notices of" his life, was pub. Boston, 1823, 8vo, by Andrews Norton. One of his poems, a gener al favorite, "A Castle in the Air," first ap peared in the Monthly Anthology. Frobisher, SIR MARTIN, an eminent navigator, b. Altofts, Normanton, Yorkshire, ab. 1 539 ; d. Plymouth, 7 Nov. 1594. Brought up to the sea, and acquiring great skill in navi gation, the idea of the discovery of a north west passage to the Indies excited his ambition ; and, after many fruitless attempts to induce merchants to favor his project, he was enabled by the ministers and courtiers of Queen Eliza beth to fit out a private adventure, consisting onlv of two barks of 25 tons each, and a pin nace of 10, with which he sailed from Deptfbrd in June, 1576. In this enterprise he entered the strait ever since called by his name, and returned to Eng. with some black ore, which, being supposed to contain gold, induced the queen to patronize a second voyage, and lend a sloop of 200 tons from the royal navy for the purpose. The delusion was kept up to a third exped. ; but they all proved fruitless. In 1585, Frobisher accomp. Sir Francis Drake to the W. Indies ; and, at the defeat of the Spanish Arma da, he com. one of the largest ships of the fleet, and was honored with knighthood for his ser vices. In the years 1590, 92, he com. a squad ron against the Spaniards, and took many rich prizes. In 1594, he was sent with four ships- of-war to the assistance of Henry IV. of France against the Spanish and Leaguers, when, in an attack on a fort near Brest, Nov. 7, he received a wound, of which he died on his return home. An account of his voyages is in Pinkerton s Coll., vol. 12. Fromentin, ELIGIUS, judge ; d. New Or leans, of the yellow-fever, Oct. 6, 1822. U.S. senator from La. in 1813-19 ; he was in 1821 judge of the Criminal Court of N. Orleans, and was app. judge of the western dist. of Fla. He subsequently resumed the practice of law at N. Orleans. He pub. " Observations on a Bill respecting Land-Titles in Orleans." Al len ; Lanman. Frontenac (fron -teh-nak ), Louis DE BUADE, Count de, gov. of Canada, b. France, 1 620 ; d. Quebec, Nov. 28, 1698. Entering the military service, he was a col. at 17, and a lieut.-g en. at 29, having been greatly disting., and covered with scars and honors. He learned the science of war under Maurice of Nassau, serving in Italy, Flanders, and Germany, and was selected by Turenne to head the troops sent to relieve Canada. He succeeded Cour- celles as gov. in 1672, built Fort Frontenac (Kingston) in 1673, but, on account of some arbitrary acts, was recalled in 1682. He en couraged and aided La Salle in colonizing the Mpi. Valley, and by posts at Niagara, Macki- nac, and in Illinois, assailed the English settle ments, and controlled the Indians. Re-appoint ed in 1688, when her insufficient resources had led the Colony to the brink of ruin, he carried on a vigorous war against the English settle ments in N.Y., and their Indian allies the Iroquois, who made several successful inroads to Canada. In 1690, he defeated Admiral Phips and the English fleet before Quebe:, in commemoration of which Louis XIV. caused a medal to be struck. Frontenac followed up his success by invading the Mohawk country, and leading an exped. in person against Onoh- daga and Oneida ; while on the coast he men aced Me. and N.Y. He had all the qualities of a great man. He was the terror of the Iro quois ; and his activity was only equalled by his courage. His wife, who survived him, had been one of the beauties of the French court, and was a friend of Mme. de Maintenon, the relative of her husband. Frost, MAJOR CHARLES, b. Tiverton,Eng., 1632; d. July 14, 1697. Ab. 1636, he accomp. his father, Nicholas, to the Pascataqua River, and settled at the head of Sturgeon Creek. Member of the Gen. Court, 1658, 69 ; an assist, in 1680, and in 1693-7 a councillor ; col. of the Me. regt., and participated in the Ind. wars. Ambushed and killed by them in consequence of his having treacherously seized some of them, who were either hung, or sold into slavery, in a time of peace. 2v. E. H. and G. Reg., ill, 249. Frost, GEORGE, jurist, b. Apr, 26, 1720; d. June 21, 1796. Son of Hon. John Frost, a com. in the R. N., who d. 1732. Brought up in the counting-house of his uncle, Sir William Pepperrell, ab. 1 740 he entered one of his vessels as supercargo, followed the sea about 20 years, and, becoming a partner with Geo. Richards of Lond., sailed to and from that port. Ab. 1760, he returned to his old home in Newcastle, and resided there until his m., in 1764, to Mrs. Margaret Smith of Durham, where he in 1769 fixed his permanent residence. Judge of the C.C.P. of Stafford Co. 1773-91. He was many years chief justice ; was a delegate to Congress in 1776-7 and 1779, and councillor from 1781 to 1784. A T . E. H. and G. Reg., v., 167. FrOSt, JOHN, LL.D. (Mar. Coll. 1843), a prolific bookmaker, b . Kennebunk, Me., Jan. 26, 1800; d. Phila. Dec. 28, 1859. H.U. 1822. He taught school at Cambridgeport, Boston, and Phila., until 1845. He pub. " Pictorial History of the World, "3 vols.Svo; "Lives of American Generals," 1848; "Naval Commanders," " Book of the Army," " Book of the Navy," " Pict, Hist, of the U.S." &c. Frothihgham, NATHANIEL LAKGDON, D.D., clergyman and poet, b. Boston, July 23, 1793; d. there Apr. 3, 1870. H.U. 1811. After teaching in the Boston Latin School, he became in 1812 instructor in rhetoric and oratory at H.U., an office he was the first to hold. Mar. 15, 1815, he was ord. pastor of the First Cong. (Unit.) Ch., Boston. Ill health compelled his resignation in 1850. Author of more than 50 occasional sermons, also of a vol., " Sermons in the Order of a Twelvemonth," 1852. He contrib. many articles to religious periodicals, chiefly to the Christian Examiner. While a student at Cambridge, he delivered a poem at the installation of Pres. Kirkland, and he subsequently contrib. several versions from the German, and original poems, to magazines. In 1855, these were collected and pub. under the title of " Metrical Pieces, Translated and Original." 1TRO 344 Frothingham, OCTAVIUS BROOKS, son of the preceding, a clergyman of independent ,iews in N.Y. City, b. Nov. 26, 1822. H.U. 1843. Ord. North Church, Salem, Mar. 10, 1847. He removed to N.Y. in 1859, and since Feb. 1860 has been pastor of the Third Unitarian Society, representing the most radical phase of rationalistic Unitarianism in the U.S., arid, though differing widely from Theodore Parker, may be regarded as his successor. Author of occasional sermons. Frothingham.RiCHARD, Jan., historian and journalist, b. Charlestown, Ms., Jan. 31, 1812. Many years connected with the Boston Post, of which he is still a proprietor, and in 1852-65 was managing editor, and the chief contributor to its columns. A prominent member of the Ms. legisl. in 1839, 40, 42/49, and 50. In 1851, he was a delegate to the Democ. National Convention. In 1853, he was a delegate to the convention to revise the State constitution ; in 1851-3, mayor of Charlestown. He pub. the " History of Charlestown," 1848; "History of the Siege of Boston," 1849 ; " Life of Gen. Joseph War ren," 8vo, 1865, and " Rise of the Republic," 1871 ; " Tribute to Thomas Starr King," 1865 ; " The Com. in the Battle of Bunker s Hill, &c.," 1850; Member of the Ms. Hist. Society, and for several years has been its treasurer ; author of a paper on municipalities, in the Proceedings of the Amer. Antiq. Soc., No. 55, 1870. Frye, COL. JAMES, Revol. officer, b. An- dover, Ms., 1709; d. Jan. 8, 1776. He sus tained several municipal offices ; served at the capture of Louisburg in 1755 ; com. the Essex regt. at the opening of the Revol., taking an active part at the battle of Bunker s Hill, and afterward com. the 6th brigade of the army in vesting Boston. Frye, GEN. JOSEPH, b. Andover, April, 1711 ; d. Fryeburg, Me., 1794. Justice of the peace, and representative to the Gen. Court of Ms. ; ensign in Hale s regt. at the capture of Louisburg in 1745; a col. at the taking of Fort William Henry by Montcalm in 1757, and escaped by killing the Indian who had charge of him, and reached Fort Edward in safety; app. maj.-gen. by the Prov. Congress of Mass. June 21, 1775, and brig.-gen. by the Cont. Congress, Jan. 10, 1776, but resigned on account of infirmity, April 23, 1776. He was an early settler of Fryeburg. Fry, JOSEPH REESE, banker, and music and art connoisseur, bro. of William H. ; d. Phila. June, 1865. Son of William, pub. of the National Gazette. He translated and adapted the opera of "Norma," from the Italian, for the Wood English Opera Troupe, wrote the libretto of his brother s opera " Leonora," and also of the opera of " Notre Dame." An accom plished scholar and linguist, he was well versed in the history and literature of music, and wrote with ease and taste. He was largely in strumental in raising the Union League Bri gade at a gloomy period of the civil war. Author of "Life of Zachary Taylor," 1848. Fry, COL. JOSHUA, b. Somersetshire, Eng. ; d. at the mouth of Wills Creek, Md., 31 May, 1754. Educated at Oxford, he was some time prof, of math, at William and Mary Coll., and subsequently a member of the H. of Burgesses, and a commissioner on the boundary-line between Va. and N.C. With Peter Jefferson, he made a map of Va., and was in 1752 a commissioner to treat with the Indians at Logstown. Intrusted with the com. of the exped. against the French in 1754, he died while conducting it to the Ohio, at the place afterward known as Fort Cumberland. Col. of militia in 1750, and a member of the govern or s council. Fry, WILLIAM HENRY, composer and journalist, b. Phila. Aug. 1815 ; d. Santa Cruz, W. L, Dec. 21, 1864. His father, William Fry, was proprietor of the National Gazette of Phila. The son was educated in his native city, and at Mount St. Mary s Coll., Emmetsburg, Md. His musical talent was very early manifested, and in 1835 he received from the Philharmonic Society of Phila. an honorary medal for 4 overtures performed by them. He became connected with the National Gazette in 1839 ; was editor of the Phila. Led jer in 1844, and afterward wrote for the Sun. His opera of " Leonora " was produced at the Chestnut-street Theatre in June, 1845, and an Italian version at the Acad. of Music, N.Y., in the spring of 1858. From 1846 to 1852, Mr. Fry was in Europe, chiefly residing in Paris, and corresponding with the N. Y. Tribune (with which he was subsequently connected ), the Phila. Ledger, and other newspapers. In 1852, he delivered in N.Y. a series of 10 lectures on the history of music, illustrating them by two new symphonies, " The Breaking Heart," and a "Day in the Country." These, with two others, " Santa Glaus " and " Childe Harold," were also soon after played by Jullien s orchestra in various parts of the U.S. He also wrote the music to an ode for the opening of the great industrial exhibition at N.Y. in 1853, and a stabat mater, composed in 1855. He was also a political orator, and a popular lecturer on miscellaneous subjects. He pub. " Artificial Fish-Breeding," 12mo, N.Y., 1854. Fuca (foo -ka), JUAN DE, a navigator, whose real name was Apostolos Valerianos, b. Cephalonia; d. Zante, 1602. For upwards of 40 years, he acted as a pilot in the Spanish- Amer. possessions, and in 1592 he was sent by the viceroy of Mexico to explore the west coast of N.A. The account of his discoveries was mingled with such romantic tales, that it re mained disbelieved until the trading-vessels which frequent this coast in the fur-trade dis covered the inlet mentioned by De Fuca, be tween the 48th and 49th parallel. This strait was thoroughly explored by Vancouver in 1792. His name has been given to the strait which connects the Pacific with the Gulf of Georgia. Fulford, FRANCIS, D.D., Pr. Ep. bishop of Canada, b. Sidmouth, Eng., 1803 ; d. Mon treal, Sept. 9, 1868. Educated at Tiverton grammar-school, and Exeter Coll., Oxford, wheie he grad. B.A. 1824, and was elected a Fellow in June, 1825; received the degree of D.D. in 1850 ; was rector of Trowbridge Wilts from 1832 to 1842 ; rector of Croydon from 1 842 to 1845; minister of Curzon Chapel, London, irux, 345 FTJH, from 1845 till his consecration in 1850; was also chaplain to the Duchess of Gloucester, and in 1859 was app. metropolitan bishop of Canada. He pub. Sermons, and a work on " The Progress of the Reformation/ and was an eloquent preacher. Morgan. Fuller, ARTHUR BUCKMINSTER, Unitarian clergyman, b. Cambridgeport, Ms., Aug. 10, 1822 ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 11, 1862. H. U. 1843. Son of Hon. Timo., and bro. of Margaret, who fitted him for coll. In his boyhood he lost an eye. After studying theology at Cambridge, he was for some years a teacher and missionary in Illinois. From 1848 to 1853 was pastor of a Unit, church in Manchester, N. H. ; from 1853 to 1859 was settled over the New North Church, Boston, and then settled as pastor at Watertown. Chaplain 16th Ms. vols. Aug. 1, 1861. He volunteered to join a forlorn hope in crossing the Rappahannock, and fell while driving the rebel sharpshooters out of Fredericksburg. He edited his sister s works, and pub. " Hist. Discourse del. in the New N. Church, Boston, Oct. 1, 1S54." See Memoir of Chaplain Fuller \ by his bro. R. F. Fuller, 1864. Fuller, HIRAM, b. Plymouth Co., Ms. Pub. and editor of the N. Y. Mirror for 14 years; pub. "The Groton Letters" in 1845, and in 1858 " Belle Brittan," a series of lively letters. Now (1870) ed. of a Lond. weekly gazette, the Cosmopolite. Before his removal to N.Y. City, he was principal of a young ladies sera, and a bookseller at Providence. Fuller, JOHN W., brev. maj.-gen. vols., b. Cambridge, Eng., July, 1827. His father, a Baptist minister, came to N.Y. in 1833. The son was a bookseller at Utica, and afterward at Toledo, 0. Col. 27th O. regt. Aug. 1861 ; served under Pope at New Madrid and Island No. 10 ; com. a brigade at luka, and with spe cial distinction at Corinth, in Oct. 1862; cap tured Decatur, Ala., in Mar. 1864; com. 1st brig. 4th div. 1 6th corps in the Atlanta cam paign, and for his brilliant services at the Chat- tahoochce River, July 21, 1864, was made brig.- gen. In Oct. he fought Hood at Snake Creek Gap; com. the first division 17th corps in Sherman s march to the sea ; was present at Johnston s surrender, and was brev. maj.-gen. Reid s Ohio in the War. Fuller, RICHARD, D.D., Baptist clergy man, b. Beaufort, S.C., Apr. 22, 1804. H.U. 1824. At the age of 20, he was adm. to the bar of S.C. His enjoyment of a lucrative practice was interrupted by ill health. On re covering, he studied for the ministry. Ord. in 1833. He exchanged, in 1847, his charge at Beaufott for that of the 7th Baptist Church in Baltimore, and d. there Oct. 20, 1 876. He has pub. " Corresp. with Bishop England concern ing the Roman Chancery," " Corresp. with Dr. Wayland on Domestic Slavery," " Sermons," and "Letters," "Argument on Baptist and Close Communion," 1849, and " The Psalm ist," a hymn-book in general use among Bap tists. Fuller, RICHARD FREDERIC, lawyer and scholar, b. Cambridge, Ms., May 15, 1821 ; d. Wayland, Ms., May 30, 1869. H. U. 1844. Bro. of Margaret. He pub. a biography of his bro. Rev. A. B. Fuller, and " Visions in Verse." * Fuller, SARAH MARGARET, Countess D Ossoii, b. Cambridge, Ms., 23 May, 1810; d. 16 July, 1850. Her father, Hon. Timothy Fuller, M.C., gave her the education of a boy, and at JJ she read fluently French, Italian, Spanish, and German. The death of her father in 1835 compelled her to rely upon herself; and she became a teacher in Boston. In 1837, she was principal in the Green-st. School, Prov idence. In 1839, she formed, in Boston, classes of young ladies for conversation, in which she took the lead, and for which she possessed re markable capacity. In 1840-2, she edited the Dial, to which she contrib. papers upon the social condition of woman, subsequently pub. as "Woman in the 19th Century." In 1843, after a Western trip, she pub. " A Summer on the Lakes. In 1 844, she was literary editor of the N. Y. Tribune, some of her contribs. to which were pub. as " Papers on Art and Lit erature," 1846. In 1846-7, she travelled in England and France, and, visiting Italy, m. the Marquis d Ossoli, and sympathized deeply with the revol. then in progress. In the summer of 1850, with her husband and child, she took passage for N.Y. and was wrecked on the coast of N. J. See Memoirs by her brother Arthur, also by R. W. Emerson and Win. H.Channiny, 2 vols., 1851. Fuller, TIMOTHY, lawyer and politician, b. Chilmark, Ms., 11 July, 1778; d. Groton, 1 Oct. 1835. H.U. 1801. Son of Timo., min ister of Princeton, Ms. He studied law in the office of Levi Lincoln; practised with success in Boston; was a State senator in 1813-16; M. C. 1817-25; speaker of the Ms. legisl. 1825, and member of the exec, council in 1828 ; eminent as a Democ. politician and orator. He was the instructor of his celebrated dau. Mar garet. He pub. Oration 4 July, 1809, speeches on the Seminole war, Mo. Compromise, &c. Fulton, ROBERT, inventor and successful introducer of steam-navigation ; b. Little Brit ain, Lancaster Co., Pa., 1765; d. New York, Feb. 24, 1815. Of Irish descent. His father d. when he was but 3 years old. He received a com. school education, went to Phila. in 1782, and in 1785 was a miniature-painter there, making money enough to buy a small farm in Washington Co., upon which he placed his mother. He then went to Eng., studied sever al years under Benj. West, adopted the profes sion of a civil engineer, and, while at Birming ham, familiarized himself with the steam-en gine, then just improved by Watt. Here he devised an improved mill for sawing marble, a machine for spinning flax and making ropes, and an excavator for scooping out the channels of canals and aqueducts. In 1795, he furnished to the Lond. Morning Star essays on canals, and, early in 1796, pub. in Lond. a work on the improvement of canal-navigation. He went to Paris in 1797, resided 7 years with Joel Barlow, and studied languages and the sciences connect ed with his profession. He offered his inven tion of the submarine torpedo to the French and Eng. Govts. without success, and in Dec. 1806 arrived in New York. He had, in Sept. 1793, addressed a letter to Earl Stanhope " re 346 G-AX) speeting the moving of ships by the means of steam," and had blten aided in France in his experiments by Chancellor Livingston, who had procured an act of the N.Y. legisl. giving to Fulton and himself the exclusive privilege of navigating the waters of the State by steam. In 1807, " The Clermont " was built, and trav ersed the Hudson at the rate of 5 miles an hour, completely establishing the utility of the invention. His second large boat on the Hud son was " The Car of Neptune," also built in 1807. In 1809, Fulton obtained his first pat ent from the U.S., and in 1811 took out a sec ond for some improvements in his boats and machinery. They were limited to the simple means of adapting paddle-wheels to the axle of the crank of Watt s engine. Fulton con structed ferry-boats to run between N.Y. and N.J., a boat for Long Island Sound, 5 for the Hudson River, and several for different parts of the U.S., some of them for the Ohio and Mpi. Rivers. In 1811, he was commissioned by the legisl. to explore the route of an inland navigation from the Hudson to the Lakes, and reported in favor of the proposed canal. Hav ing taken out a patent for improvements in maritime warfare, he was in 1814 app. engi neer for building floating batteries for coast de fence. The first U.S. war-steamer, called " The Demologos," afterward " Fulton the First," was unwieldy, and attained a speed against the current of only 21-2 miles an hour; but, as the pioneer of the steam-navies of the world, it was regarded as a marvel, and as a most po tent engine of defence. Fulton m. in 1806 Harriet Livingston, a relative of the chancellor. He possessed uncommon tact, energy, patience, and enthusiasm, and was eminently popular. Congress, in 1846, paid $76,300, in full, of the claims of Fulton against the U.S. for inven tions and improvements in the application of steam to navigation. Lives of Fulton have been pub. by C. D. Golden in 1817, and in Sparks s " Am. Biog.," by Renwick. Fulton, WILLIAM S., statesman, b. Cecil Co., Md., June 2, 1795; d. Rosewood, near Black Rock, Ark., Aug. 15, 1844. Bait. Coll. 1813. During the war of 1812, he was a vol unteer, and was in Fort Mcllenry during its bombardment. Removing to Tenn., he be came sec. to Gen. Jackson, studied law, and then settled in Ark. When the territorial govt. was organized in 1829, he was first sec.; was gov. in 1835-6, and from its admission in 1836, until his death, U.S. senator. Furness, WILLIAM HENRY, D.D., clergy man and author, b. Boston, April 20, 1802. H. U. 1820. Ord. pastor of the First Cong. Unit. Church in Phila. Jan. 12, 1825. He has pub. "Remarks on the Four Gospels," 1 836 ; " Jesus and his Biographers," Phila. 1 838 ; a " History of Jesus," 1 850 ; " Thoughts on the Life and Character of Jesus of Naza reth," Boston, 1859; a vol. of prayers, entitled " Domestic Worship ; " a vol. of" Discourses," 1855, besides hymns and other devotional pieces in verse ; translations from the German ; a vol. of " Gems of German Verse," and a vol. entitled " Julius, and Other Tales from the German," 1856. He edited for 3 years " The Piadem," a Phila. annual ; has been a contrib. to the Christian Examiner, and is the author 01 a number of published sermons, many of which are in support of the antislavery cause, in which he took great interest. Furness, WILLIAM HENRY, son of the above, portrait-painter, b. Phila. 1827 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., March 4, 1867. After study ing his art at Dusseldorf, Munich, Dresden,and Venice, he established hhnself in Phila. as a portrait-painter, married, and removed to Bos ton, where he attained a high rank in his pro fession. He first gained reputation by his cray on-drawing. Among his portraits are Mrs. Lathrop of Boston, Miss Emerson of Concord, Wilde the artist, Dr. Furness his father, Lucre- tia Mott, Chas. Sumner, and Rev. Dr. Barnes. Gadsden, CHRISTOPHER, Revol. states man, b. Charleston, S. C., 1724; d. there Aug. 28, 1805. Educated in Eng. under the care of relatives ; clerk in a counting-house in Phila. until 21, and after a second visit to Eng. became a merchant in Charleston, and his suc cess enabled him to repurchase the large estate which his father had lost in play with Adm. Anson in 1733. A delegate to the Stamp-act Congress at N.Y. in 1765, he was one of the first in S.C. to foresee the improbability of a reconciliation to Great Britain, and who openly advocated republican principles, and desired the independence of America. He was a cor- resp. of Samuel Adams, and, like him, was one of the boldest and most resolute of the patriot leaders. A member of the Congress of 1774- 5, he was thanked for his services by the S.C. legisl. on his return. Chosen a col. in 1775, he was actively engaged in the defence of Charles ton in 1776; was made a brig.-gen. Sept. 16, 1776, and resigned in 1779; was one of the framers of the State constitution in 1778, and, as lieut.-gov. of the State, signed the capitula tion when Charleston was taken by Sir Henry Clinton in 1780. Carried to St. Augustine, he suffered a rigorous confinement of 42 weeks in the dungeon of the castle ; was exchanged in June, 1781, and sailed to Phila. Elected gov. in 1782, but declined on account of age and infirmity. Although himself a large loser in property by the Revol., he strenuously op posed in the assembly and council the law con fiscating the estates of the Tories. Gadsden, CHRISTOPHER EDWARDS, D.D. (S.C. Coll. 1815), Prot. Epis. bishop of S.C., b. Charleston, Nov. 25, 1785; d. there June 24, 1852. Y. C. 1804. Grandson of the preceding. Deacon in 1807; priest in 1810; rector of St. John s, Berkeley, 1808 ; after ward assist, minister of St. Philip s Church, Charleston, of which he was rector from July, 1814, until his death, and was consec. bishop June 21, 1840. Bishop Gadsden pub. a num ber of sermons and charges, and an essay on the life of Bishop Dehon (1833) ; and edited the Gospel Messenger, which contained many contributions from his pen. Gadsden, GEN. JAMES, statesman, h. Charleston, S.C., May 15, 1788 ; d. there Dec. 26, 1858. Y.C. 1806. Grandson of Christo pher. Engaged in commerce till the war of 1812, when he was made a lieut. of engineers ; served in Canada, and, at its close, was confi dential aide to Gen. Jackson. He accomp. him GrAG- 347 GrAJL in the Scminole campaign in 1818, in which he (listing, himself, and was made a capt., and charged with the construction of works for the defence of the Gulf frontier. App. insp.-gen., rank of col., Oct. 19, 1820. On the reduction of the army in 1822, he was relieved, and for some months assisted Mr. Calhoun, sec. of war. He then became a planter in Fla. ; was a member of the territorial council, and, as a commissioner, effected a treaty for the removal of the Seminoles from northern to southern Fla., and was afterward occupied in commerce and in rice-culture near Charleston. App- minister to Mexico in 1853, he negotiated the " Gadsden Purchase," now known as Arizona, for $10,000,000. Gage, FRANCES DANA, philanthropist and reformer, b. Marietta, O., Oct. 12, 1808. Her father, Joseph Barker of N. H., was an early pioneer to the West, and she assisted him in his trade of a cooper, having few opportunities of education. At 21, she m. James L. Gage, a lawyer of McConnellsville, O. She was an early advocate with pen and voice for temper ance, antislavery, and woman s rights. Pre sided over a woman s rights convention in Akron, O., in 1851 ; and her opening speech was remarkable for its sense and pathos. In 1853, she moved to St. Louis, but was branded as an abolitionist, was often threatened with violence, and was thrice a sufferer from incen diarism. She next edited an agric. paper in O. ; but on the breaking-out of the war, in which 4 of her sons were engaged, she went South, and ministered to the soldiers and taught the freedmen, working without pay, and was an unsalavied agent of the Sanitary Commis sion at Memphis, Vicksburg, and Natchez. She was afterward seriously crippled by the overturning of a carriage at Galesburg, 111. She subsequently lectured on temperance, but was stopped in her career of usefulness by a stroke of paralysis, in Aug. 1867. Under the nomme de plume of " Aunt Fanny," she has written many beautiful stories for children, stanzas and sketches. She was an early con- trib. to the Saturday Visitor, and has written for the N. Y. Independent. A vol. of " Poems," and a temperance tale, " Elsie Magoon," are her latest works. Gage, THOMAS, or Friar Thomas of St. Mary, missionary and author, was an Irishman, educated at St. Omer s, and joined the Domin icans ; b. 1597 ; d. 1655. In 1625, he set out with some missionaries from Spain, destined for the Philippine Islands, but, not relishing so distant a mission, went to Guatimala, where, and in other neighboring places, he was a mis sionary to the Indians. In 1637, he settled as a Protestant minister at Deal, Eng. He pub. " A New Survey of the W. Indies," giving an account of his mission to New Spain, and of his travels, 1648, 4th ed., 1699. Author of " Hist, of Mexico," Paris, 1696. Gage, THOMAS, a British gen., b. ab. 1720; d. 2 Apr. 1787. Second son of the first Vis count Gage. Entering the army young, he became lieut.-col. 44th Foot, 2 Mar. "l 750. At Braddock s defeat at the battle of Mononga- hela, 9 July, 1755, he led the advance, and was wounded. Dec. 8, 1758, he m. Margaret, dau. of Peter Kemble, pres. of the council of N. J. She d. Lond. 9 Feb. 1824, a. 90. He was in the exped. under Amherst against Ticonderoga; was made maj.-gen. in May, 1761, and gov. of Montreal; succeeded Arn- herst in com. of the British forces in Amer. in 1763; lieut.-gen. 1770; and in Apr. 1774 suc ceeded Hutchinson as gov. of Ms. Bay. He occupied Boston with 4 regiments soon after its port had been closed by the British minis try ; issued a proclamation against the Solemn League and Covenant, June 24, and forbade the holding of town-meetings. 19 Apr. 1775, he sent a detachment to destroy the cannon and ammunition at Concord, which caused the Lexington battle and the opening of the Revol. war. June 12, Gage proclaimed martial law, offering pardon to all except Samuel Adams and John Hancock. June 17, the battle of Bunker s Hill was fought, and the royal army was shut up in Boston by the American militia. Oct. 10, 1775, Gage resigned, and re turned to Eng., where he became a gen. and col. 2d Foot. He was an amiable and benevolent man, and possessed respectable military talent. Gaillard, JOHN, U.S. senator in 1804-26, and 11 years its pres. officer, b. St. Stephen s disk, S.C. ; d. Washington, 26 Feb. 1826. Gaine, HUGH, printer and bookseller, b. Ireland; d. N. Y. April 25, 1807, a. 81. He commenced business in New York in 1750. In 1752, he started the N.Y. Mercury, which ap peared every Monday. He soon after opened a bookstore, with the sign of the Bible and Crown, in Hanover Square, which remained in his hands 40 years. Gaine was compositor, pressman, folder, and distributer of his paper, which had a circulation of 300-400. A Whig at first, he subsequently devoted the Mercwy to the support of the royal cause. At the close of the war, his petition to remain in the city was granted; but .he gave up his paper, and continued bookselling, acquiring a handsome estate. Gaines, EDMUND PENDLETON, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Culpeper Co., Va., March 20, 1777; d. N. Orleans, June 6, 1849. James, his father, led a company in the Revol. war ; was in the N.C. legisl. and the convention which ratified the Federal Constitution. Nephew of Edm. Pendleton. The family moved in 1790 to Tenn. Entering the army as ensign, Jan. 10, 1799, he became capt. Feb. 1807 ; maj. 8th Inf. March 24, 1812 ; lieut.-col. 24th Inf. July 6, 1812 ; col. 25th Inf. March 12, 1813; adj.-gen., rank col., Sept. 1813; brig.- gen. March 9, 1814; brev. maj.-gen. for gal lantry at Fort Erie, Aug. 15, 1814, where ^he was severely wounded Aug. 28, and for which he received the thanks of Congress Nov. 3, 1814, and a gold medal. He was in the battle of Chrystler s Field, Nov. 11, 1813: served under Jackson in the Creek war, and was wounded in an action with Seminole Indians on the Ouithlacoochie, Feb. 29, 1836. For calling out a large number of the Southern militia without orders, at the breaking-out of the Mexican war, he was tried by court-mar, tial, but not censured. He was a man of extreme simplicity of character, and unque* tioned integrity. 348 Gaines, MAJOR JOHN P., soldier and politician of Ky. ; d. Oregon, 1858. Major in Marshall s Ky. vol. cav. in the Mexican war; made prisoner at Incarnacion, Jan. 1847 ; vol. aide to Gen. Scott, and disting. at El Molino ; M.C. from Ky. 1847-9; gov. of Oregon Terr. 1850-3. Gaither, HENRY, lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. Md. 1751 ; d. Georgetown, D.C., June 22, 1811. A capt. Re vol. army, and engaged in nearly every battle of the war ; app. maj. in the " Levies of 1791;" served under St. Clair against the Miami Indians, Nov. 1791 ; lieut.-col. 3d sub- legion, Oct., 1793, to June 1, 1802. He was an excellent disciplinarian. His son, Gen. WIL LIAM LING AN, a prominent politician of Md., frequently member of the legisl., and president of the senate, d. Montgomery Co., Md., Aug. 2, 1858. Gale, BENJAMIN, physician, b. L.I. 1715; d. Killingworth, Ct., May 21, 1790. Y.C. 1733. He studied medicine with Dr. Jared Elliot, whose dau. he ra., and, like him, was a scientific and practical agriculturist, having received a medal from a society in. Eng. for the invention of an improved drill plough. He took great interest in politics, writing many political essays for the newspapers. Ab. 1750, he pub. "A Dissertation on Inoculation." He also pub. some essays in the Trans, of the N. Haven Med. Society, and wrote " A Dissertation on the Prophecies." Thacher. Gales, JOSEPH, journalist, b. Eckington, near Sheffield, Eng., 10 Apr. 1786; d. Wash ington, 21 July, 1860. U. of N.C. Joseph, his father, came to the U.S. in 1794, pub. the Jndep. Gazette in Phila. (Aug. 1795-99), the Raleigh (N.C.) Register (1799-1839); d. 24 Aug. 1841. The son settled in Washington in 1807, connected himself with the National Intelligencer, became sole proprietor in 1810, took as a partner his bro.-in-law, W. W. Seaton, in 1812, and in Jan. 1813 began to issue the Intelligencer daily. He wrote with great force and clearness. Galitzin, DEMETRIUS AUGUSTINE, a Russian noble, afterward a missionary, b. at the Hague, Dec. 22, 1770; d. Loretto, Pa., May 6, 1840. His father, while ambassador in Paris, embraced the principles of Voltaire and Diderot ; but the son, in 1787, joined the R.C. Church. In 1 792,. he was aide to Gen. Van Lilien in Brabant. Dismissed from the Aus trian service as a foreigner, he resolved to travel in America. Soon after landing in 1 792, he entered the theol. seminary in Balti more, and March 18, 1795, was ord. priest by Bishop Carrol. He first officiated at Cone- wango, Pa., also in Pa., Md., and Va., until 1798, when he founded a Catholic colony in Cambria Co., Pa. Here he purchased a large tract of land, erected saw and grist mills, and founded the town of Loretto, expending $150,000. His rank was concealed under the assumed name of " Father Smith." His charge extended over a wild and extensive region, through which he made incessant journeys. He also composed several contro versial works, and was several times proposed for the episcopacy, but would not accept the honor. His name has been given to a village near Loretto ; and a monument was erected be- fore the church in 1848. Gallagher, CAPT. JOHN, U.S.N., b. Md. ; d. Wilmington, Del., Nov. 1, 1842, a. 58. App. lieut. July 24, 1813; master Mar. 2, 1825; capt. Dec. 22, 1835. He was a lieut. of the frigate " United States " in the action with the British frigate " Macedonian," Oct. 25, 1812. Gallagher, WILLIAM D., poet and jour nalist, b. Phila. Aug. 1808. His father, an Irish rebel of 1798, soon after emigrated to Phila. The son removed to Cincinnati in 1816, where, in 1821, he entered the printing- office of a newspaper ; and in 1 824, while an apprentice, edited and pub. a small literary paper. He became known as a writer in 1828 by the publication, in the Cincinnati Chronicle, of a "Journey through Ky. and Mpi." He successively edited the Backwoodsman at Xenia, O., 1830; the Cincinnati Mirror, 1831; the Western Literary Journal and Monthly Review, 1836 ; the Hesperian, 1838 ; from 1839 to 1850 was assoc. editor of the Cincinnati Gazette ; and in 1853 was one of the editors of the Louis ville Daily Courier, but has since resided on a farm near that city. He pub. 3 small vols. of poetry, entitled " Erato," 1835-7 ; " Selections from the Poetical Literature of the West," 1841. In 1849 he was pres. of the Ohio Hist, and Philos. Society, and delivered a valuable address on the " Progress and Resources of the North-west." In 1850 he accompanied Sec. Corwin to Washington as his confidential clerk. He has written much on agriculture, and has collected materials for " A Social and Statistical View of the Mpi. Valley." Poets and Poetry of the West. Gallatin, ALBERT, LL.D., statesman, b. Geneva, Switzerland, Jan. 29, 1761 ; d. As toria, L.I., Aug. 12, 1849. U. of Geneva, 1779. His parents, both of whom were of dis ting. families, d. while he was an infant. Sympathizing with the Americans in the struggle for liberty, early in 1780 he came to Ms., and for a few months com. the fort of Pas- samaquoddy. In 1783 he taught French at H.U. ; and in 1784, having received his patri monial property, invested it in land in Western Va. In 1786 he bought some land on the banks of the Monongahela, Fayette Co., Penn. ; settled there; was in 1789 a member of tfhe State Const. Conv. ; member of the legisl. in 1790-2, giving strong indications, while in that body, of the financial ability he possessed ; sent to the U.S. senate in 1793, he was declared ineligible. He took part in the " Whiskey In surrection " in 1794, and by his tact, courage, and firmness, aided in bringing about a peace ful settlement of the difficulty. M.C. 1795- 1801 ; sec. U.S. treasury, May 15, 1801-13; sent in 1813 as one of the commissioners to St. Petersburg, the Russian Govt. having of fered to mediate between the U.S. and Great Britain ; commissioner to Ghent, where the treaty of peace was made Dec. 24, 1814 ; and took part in the commercial convention with Great Britain soon afterward ; minister to France, 1815-23 ; and deputed on special missions to the Netherlands in 1817, and to Eng. in 1818. On his return, he declined the noai- 349 ination of vice-pres. from the Democ. party. Envoy-extr. to Great Britain from 1826 to Dec, 1827, when he took up his residence in New York. He prepared the argument in be half of the U.S., to be laid before the king of the Netherlands, as an umpire on the Me. boun dary question. In 1830 he was chosen pres. of the council of the U. of N.Y. In 1831 he pub. " Considerations on the Currency and Banking-System of the U.S.," advocating a regulated bank of the U.S. A member of the free-trade convention at Phila. in 1831, and prepared for it the memorial to Congress. Pres. of the N.Y. National Bank 1831-9, and of the N.Y. Hist. Society in 1843-9. A found er, and first pres., of the Ethnological Society in 1848. During the Oregon difficulties in 1846, he pub. letters on the " Oregon Ques tion," and in 1848 a pamphlet, strongly op posing the Mexican war, which had a large circulation and great influence. In Congress, where he was a recognized leader of the Dem oc. party, he opposed the British treaty in an able speech, April 26, 1796 ; and it was on his motion that the committee of ways and means was first organized as a standing com mittee in 1795. His other important speeches were on " Foreign Intercourse," Mar. 1, 1798; on the "Alien Law," Mar. 1, 1799; and on the "Navy Establishment," Feb. 9 and 11, 1799. He gave his financial views in two pamphlets, "A Sketch of Finances," 1796, and " Views of Public Debt," &c., 1800. He was eminently successful in the treasury dept., and was one of the first financiers of the time. He opposed the increase of the national debt, systematized the mode of disposing of the public lands, and was a zealous advocate of in ternal improvements. Offered the State dept. in 1809, but declined. Opposed to the war of 1812, and, as a member of the cabinet, exerted himself strenuously to restore peace. He was an early student of the ethnology and philolo gy of the American Indians, and at Hum- boldt s request wrote an essay on the subject in 1823. He afterward pub. " Synopsis of the Indian Tribes," &c., in vol. 2, Archceologia Amer icana, Worcester, 1836, and " Semi-civilized Nations of Mexico, Yucatan, and Central America," N.Y. 1 845 ; also author of " Reports and Letters on the U.S. Bank," 1810-11; " Reminiscences " of Mr. Gallatin were pub. by John Russell Bartlett, N.Y. 1841. Gallaudet, THOMAS HOPKINS, LL.D. (W. Res. Coll. 1851), a pioneer in the instruc tion of the deaf and dumb, b. Phila. Dec. 10, 1787; d. Hartford, Sept. 9, 1851. Y.C. 1805; And. Theol. Sem. 1814. Tutor at Y.C. 1808-10. Of Huguenot descent. His mother, who was a Hopkins, descended from one of the first settlers of Hartford, Ct. Ill health compelled him to relinquish the study of law, after devoting a year to its acquisition. Li censed to preach in 1814. Becoming inter ested in the education of deaf-mutes, he visited Europe in 1815-16 ; and Apr. 15, 1817, com menced his labors with a class of seven pu pils. He was one of the most disting. and use ful men of his time, and lived to see, as the re sult of his labors, more than 1 000 individuals receive the benefits of instruction in his own private asylum, as well as to witness the estab lishment of similar institutions in different parts of the country. Resigning the office of principal in the Deaf and Dumb Asylum in 1830, he was chaplain to the Retreat for the Insane at Hart ford from Jan. 1838 to the time of his death. He pub. many public addresses and contribs. to periodicals ; a vol. of " Discourses," Lond. 1818, preached to an English congregation in Paris ; a series of " Bible-Stories for the Young," " The Child s Book of the Soul," " The Youth s Book of Natural Theology, 1 and other similar works ; and edited 6 vols. of the Annals of the Deaf and Dumb, Hartford, A discourse in commemoration of him, deliv ered at Hartford, by Hon. Henry Barnard, in Jan. 1852, was pub. N.Y. 1857. See Life of Gallaudel by H. Humphrey, and Barnard s Dis course. Gallison, JOHN, lawyer and philanthro pist, b. Marblehead, Oct. 1788; d. Dec. 25, 1820. H.U. 1807. Nephew of Chief Justice Sewall. After practising law a short time at Marblehead, he came to Boston, where he was esteemed for his ability and integrity, and where he had a good share of business. He ed ited the Weekly Messenger for a year or two ; and pub. 2 vols. of reports in the Circuit Court, 1807; 2d ed. with addit. notes and references, 2 vols. 8vo, 1845. See a Memoir in the Christian Disciple, Boston, iii. 15. GalliSSOniere (ga -le -so -neair ), ROL- LAND MICHAEL BERRIN, Marquis, a French ad miral, b. Rochefort, Nov. 11, 1693 ; d. Nemours, Oct. 26, 1756. Entering the navy in 1710, he served with distinction ; became capt. in 1738 ; com.-gen. of artillery at Rochefort in 1745; gov. of Canada 1745-9; and in 1756, while commanding a squadron designed to capture Martinique, had a severe engagement near that island with Admiral Byng, whom he defeated. His administration was marked by severe dis putes with the English relative to their right of way in Nova Scotia and the Ohio region. In 1749 he was one of the commissioners for settling the boundaries of Acadia. In 1751 he pub. a memoir of the French colonies in Amer ica. He was a devoted student of natural science, had a great heart and mind, but was low in stature, and deformed in person. He was a strenuous supporter of the Abbe De La Loutre, and, after his return to France, is said to have furnished him with money and supplies for his work in Acadia. Galloway, JOSEPH, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1769), loyalist, b. Md. ab. 1730; d. Eng. Aug. 29, 1803. Son of Peter. He was well educated, had a good estate, practised law in Phila., be came eminent in the profession, and held many important trusts. In the Pa. legisl., of which he was a member in 1764, and at one time speaker, he made an able speech in favor of changing the govt. from the proprietary to the royal form, in opposition to that of John Dickinson. Member of the Congress of 1774, he actively participated in its leading measures, and proposed to it a plan of settle ment, which was rejected. He abandoned his countrymen on the question of Independence, joined the British army in N. Y. in Dec. 1776, and in June, 1778, went to Eng. with an only 850 daughter. Franklin, who confided in his patriotism, had, on going abroad, left in his charge his valuable letter-books and papers, which were lost. He was the most violent and proscriptive, and perhaps the most able, of the loyalists ; and the evil effects of his powerful influence were often felt both in America and Eng. His evidence before the British house of commons in 1779 was very damaging to Sir Wm. Howe . He pub. " Observations on the Conduct of Sir Wm. Howe/ " A Letter to Howe on his Naval Conduct," " Letters to a Nobleman on the Conduct of the War in the Middle Colonies in 1779," " Reply to the Ob servations of Gen. Howe," " Cool Thoughts on the Consequences of American Independence," " Cnndid Examination of the Claims of Great Britain and her Colonies," " Reflections on the American Rebellion," a work on Revelations, Lond. 1802; " Speech in Answer to John Dick inson," 8vo, 1764 ; " Prophetic and Anticipat ed History of Rome," 8vo, 1803. A new edi tion of his " Examination by a Com. of the House of Commons" was pub. Phila., 8vo, 1855, by the Seventy-six Society. Gallup, JOSEPH ADAM, physician and author, b. Stonington, Ct., Mar. 30, 1769 ; d. Woodstock, Vt, Oct. 12, 1849. D.C. 1798. He practised in Hartland and Bethel, Vt., whence he removed to Woodstock in Jan. 1800. He first became known as a writer in the Vt. Gazette ; from 1820 to 1823 was pres. of and prof, in the Castleton Med. Acad., and was several years a lecturer in the medical dept. of the U. of Vt. He established at Woodstock in 1827 the institution subsequently known as the Vt. Med. Coll., incorporated in 1835. He pub. "Sketches of Epidemic Diseases in Vt." (1815), to which are added " Remarks on Pulmonary Consumption," which was repub. in Eng ; " Pathological Reflections on the Super tonic State of D isease," 1822, and in 1839 "Outlines of* the Institutes of Medicine," 2 vols. Gait, SIR ALEXANDER TILLOCH, Canadian statesman and financier, son of John the au thor, b. Chelsea, Eng., 6 Sept. 1817; elected to the Canadian parliament in 1849; minister of finance under Cartier in 1858-May, 1862, Mar. 1864-Aug. 1866, and under the Domin ion govt. 1867-8; a delegate to confer with the Imperial govt. on the subject of confedera tion, and was prominent in all measures tend ing to unite and consolidate Brit. Amer. Au thor of " Canada, 1 849-59," Lond. 1 860. Men of the Time. Galusha, JONAS, gov. Vt. 1809-13 and 1815-20; d. Shaftsbury, Vt., Oct. 8, 1834, a. 83. He was a Revol. soldier, having served at Bennington ; member of the General Assembly in 1800 ; was a mem. of the council in 1793-8 and 1801-5, and was judge of the Supreme Court 1795-7 and 1800-6 ;b. Norwich, Ct., 1753. Galvez (gal -ve th), DON BERNARDO DE, gov. of La. 1777-83, b. Malaga, 1756 ; d. Mexi co, Aug. 1794. His father, Don Mathias, was viceroy of Mexico ; and his uncle, Don Joseph, was sec. of State, and pres. of the council of the Indies. Bernardo was made col. of the regt. of La. in 1776, and succeeded to the govt. Feb. 1, 1777. In Sept. 1779 he com. an exped. which captured from the English Baton Rouge and Natchez ; another, which captured Mobile. Mar. 14, 1 780 ; and a third, which captured Pen- sacola, May 9, 1781 ; and received the grade of lieut.-gen. ; was made a count, and capt.-gen, of La. and Fla. Early in 1785 he was made capt.-gen. of Cuba, but, on the death of his father in the summer of that year, succeeded him as viceroy of Mexico. Gayarre. Gambler, JAMES, a Brit, adm., b. in the Bahamas 1756 ; d. Apr. 19, 1833. His father, an adm. on the American station during the Revol. war, d. 1789. In 1778 he com. " The Thunder," bomb, which was captured by D Estaing s fleet. Oct. 9, he was made post- capt., and com. " The Raleigh," 32. At Charles ton, S.C., he served with the brigade of seamen until its reduction. In 1781 he captured " The Mifflin," an American 20-gun ship. Disting. in Lord Howe s victory, June 1, 1794 ; became full adm. in 1805 ; com. the fleet against Copen hagen in 1807, and was rewarded with a peer age. In 1814, he was placed at the head of the commissioners for concluding a peace with the U. S., which was settled at Ghent, and rat ified at Washington Jan. 17, 1815. Made adm. of the fleet in 1830. Gamble, THOMAS, capt. U.S.N., son of Maj. Wm., a Revol. officer; d. Oct. 10, 1818, while in com. of " The Erie," in the Mediterra nean. Midshipman Apr. 2, 1804 ; lieut. Apr. 27, 1810 ; com. Apr. 27, 1816. His bro. JOHN M., col. U.S. marines, served under Porter in "The Essex," d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 11 Sept. 1836, a. 45. PETER, a 3d bro., was killed in the battle on Lake Champlain, while acting first lieut. of the flagship. Lieut. FRANCIS G., U.S.N., another bro., d. in the W. Indies, Sept. 29, 1824. Gammell, WILLIAM, LL.D. (Roch. 1859), author, b. Medfield, Ms., 10 Feb. 1812. B.U. 1831. Son of Rev. Wm. of Newport. Tutor at Brown U. in 1835, assist, prof, of rhetoric, and in 1836 prof. ; transferred in 1850 to the chair of history and political economy, which he held till 1864. He has pub. various orations and discourses on literary and historical subjects, also numerous articles for reviews and maga zines, especially the Christian Review, of which he was several years one of the editors. To Sparks s " Amer. Biog." he has contrib. Lives of Roger Williams and Gov. Saml. Ward. He is also the author of "A History of Ameri can Baptist Missions," 8vo, 1850. Gannett, EZRA STILES, D.D. (H.U. 1843), clergyman, b. Cambridge, Ms., May 4, 1801 ; d. 26 Aug. 1871 by a railroad accident at Re vere, Ms. H. U. 1820. Son of Rev. Caleb of Cambridge (1745-1818). Ord. colleague with Dr. Channing June 30, 1824; and, with the exception of 2 years absence in Europe from ill health, continued pastor of the church, formerly in Federal St., now in Arlington St., until his death. Besides publishing many oc casional discourses, and editing the Monthly Miscellany from 1844 to 1849, he was assoc. with Dr. A. Lamson in the care of the Christian Examiner, the leading Unitarian periodical in the U.S. Dr. Gannett held a high rank in hia denomination, in which he was prominent in all religious and benevolent enterprises. Gano, JOHN, Baptist minister, b. Hopewell, 351 GAJR N.J., July 22, 1727 ; d. Frankfort, Ky., Aug. 10, 1804. His ances., who were French, settled at New Rochelle, N.Y. He began to preach in Va., and labored also in N. J. and the Carolinas. In Dec. 1760 he was settled over the Baptist church in Phila. ; and in 1761 collected the first Baptist church in N.Y. City, over which he was ord. The Revol. broke up his church ; and he became a chaplain in the army, officiat ing in the brigade of Gen. Clinton through out the war. He afterward collected his scat tered flock, but in 1788 removed to Ky. In 1790 he wrote a sketch of his life, pub. N.Y., 1806, 12mo, by his son, Rev. Stephen. Gansevcort, GUERT C., commo. U.S.N., b. N.Y. 1812 ; d. Schenectady, July 15, 1868. Educated at the Naval Acad. Midship in. Mar. 4, 1823; lieut. Mar. 8, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855 ; capt. July 16, 1862 ; commo. 1866 ; re tired 1867. He com. " The John Adams" dur ing the Mexican war, and subsequently com. the ironclad " Roanoke." Gansevoort, PETER, Jun., brig.-gen. Rev ol. army, b. Albany, July 17, 1749 ; d. July 2, 1812. *App. by Congress, July 19, 1775, a maj. in the 2d N.Y. regt. ; and in Aug. joined the army under Montgomery which invaded Canada. Mar. 19, 1776, he was made lieut.- col. ; Nov. 21, col. of the 3d regt. In Apr. 1777 he took com. of Fort Schuyler, and gallantly de fended it against the British under St. Leger, who, after beseiging it from the 2d to the 22d of Aug., retreated. By preventing the co-opera tion of that officer with Burgoyne, he contrib. essentially to the embarrassment and defeat of the latter, and obtained the thanks of Congress. In the springof 1 779 he was ordered to join Sul livan in the Western exped. At the head of a chosen party from the whole army, he disting. himself by surprising the lower Mohawk castle, capturing all the Indian inhabitants by the celerity of his movements. In 1781 the State of N.Y. app. him a brig.-gen. He afterwards filled a number of important offices, among which were commissioner of Indian affairs, and for fortifying the frontiers. Military agent and brig.-gen. in the U.S.A. in 1809. Garay (ga-ri ), JOHN DE, a brave Spanish officer, b. Badajos, 1541 ; killed on the banks of the Parana ab. 1592. He was sec. to the gov. of Paraguay, where he displayed so much enterprise and talent, that he was raised to the rank of lieut.-gen. and gov. of Assumption. He founded Santa Fe, rebuilt and fortified Bue nos Ay res in 1580, and endeavored by kind ness to civilize the Indians. Garay, JOSE DE,b. Mexico, Sept. 21, 1801 ; d. N.Y. City, Sept. 21, 1858. Projector of the Tshuantepec transit route, for which he obtained the grant from Santa Ana in 1841. Author of an " Account of the Isthmus of Tehauntepee," 8vo, Lond. 1846. Garcilaso de la Vega (gar-the-la -so da lava -ga), suruamed the Inca, because, by his mother s side, he was descended from the roy al family of Peru ; b. Cuzco 1540; d. Cordo va, Spain, 1616. His father, one of the con querors of Peru, d. Cuzco 1559. Philip II., dreading the influence of Garcilaso among the natives, summoned him to Spain in 1560. He wrote an interesting and faithful history of Peru, 1609-16 (an English translation, by Ry- cant, was pub. Lond. 1688), and also a histo ry of Fla. 1605. Garden, ALEXANDER, M.D., F.R.S., nat uralist, b. Scotland, 1728; d. Lond. Apr. 15, 1791. U. of Aberdeen 1748. He studied medicine under Dr. John Gregory; settled as a physician in Charleston, S.C., in 1752, and ac quired a fortune, which was confiscated, when he went to Eng., a loyalist, in 1783. He ac quired distinction by his botanical knowledge, and became a corresp. of Linnajus in 1755, who gave the name of Gardenia to one of the most beautiful and fragrant of the flowering-shrubs. He introduced into medical use the pink-root as a vermifuge, and in 1764 pub. an account of its properties, together with a botanical de scription. He also pub. accounts of the helesia ; of the male and female cochineal insects ; of the mud iguana, or siren of S.C., an amphibi ous animal ; of 2 new species of tortoises ; and of the Gymnotus dectricus. To extend his knowledge of natural history, he accomp. Gov. Glen into the Indian country, and discoverei an earth which was deemed in Eng. equal to the finest porcelain. The knowledge of the spot has, however, been lost. Elected a mem ber of the Roy. Society in 1773, afterward vice- pres. of that body. Garden, MAJOR ALEXANDER, Revol. soldier and author, b. Charleston, S.C.,Dec. 4, 1757; d. there Feb. 29, 1829. Son of Dr. Alexander. Educated at Westminster and the U. of Glasgow ; then travelled on the Con tinent, returning in July, 1780. His father being a loyalist, he left home in Nov. 1780; joined Col. John Laurens; was at one time aide-de-camp to Gen. Greene; was a lieut. m Lee s Legion in Feb. 1782, and was in many skirmishes. The State of S.C. returned to him his father s confiscated property. He pub. "Anecdotes of the Revol. War/ 1st series, 1822, and a second series, 1828; repub. in 4to, 1865. These are authorities for the history of the period, containing much original infor mation. Gardiner, JOHN, lawyer, son of Sylvester, b. Boston, 1731 ; drowned off Cape Ann, Oct. 15, 1793, by the loss of a packet in which he took passage to Boston. He studied law at the Inner Temple, Lond. ; was adm. to prac tice in the courts of Westminster Hall, and was intimate with Churchill and with Wilkes, in whose cause he appeared as junior counsel. He practised a short time with success in the Welsh circuit, and then procured the app. of atty.-gen. at the Island of St. Christopher in the W. Indies, whither he removed with his family ab. 1766, and was very successful. After the peace of 1783, he removed to Boston ; practised law there with much celebrity ; re moved in 1 786 to an estate left by his father at Pownalboro , in the then Dist. of Me., where he also practised law, and was its representative to the Ms. legisl. from 1 789 to his death. In the legisl. he obtained the name of the law- reformer, having succeeded in procuring the repeal of the law of primogeniture, and the re peal of the law against theatrical representa tions. His speech on the latter subject he afterwards pub. in a small 8vo vol. In con- 352 nection with the latter subject, he pub. " A Dissertation on the Ancient Poetry of the Romans," and an accompanying speech. He delivered the oration in Boston, July 4, 1785. He was a thorough republican ; was a violent Whig in politics ; possessed an astonishing memory ; was an admirable belles-lettres scholar, learned in his profession, and par ticularly disting. for wit and eloquence. Gardiner, JOHN SYLVESTER JOHN, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1813), clergyman and scholar, b. Haverford West, South Wales, June, 1765 ; d. Harrowgate, Eng. July 29, 1830. At the age of 5 he was sent to his grandfather, Dr. Sylvester Gardiner, in Boston, for education, who placed him under the charge of Master Lovell ; but, shortly before the commencement of the Revol., he was removed to Eng., and placed under the care of the celebrated Dr. Parr. In 1787 he was ord. deacon, and assigned the pastoral charge of the parish of St. Helena, near Beaufort, S.C. He removed thence in 1791; took priest s orders ; was settled as assist, minister of Trinity Church, Boston, Apr. 22, 1792; and in 1804-5 succeeded Bishop Parker as rector of that church, in which station he remained until his death. While assist, minister, he kept a classical school, which was celebrated. He was disting. for pulpit eloquence, was in the first rank of classical and belles-lettres scholars, and was pres. of the literary club which for a number of years conducted the Anthology and Monthly Review, the precursor of the N. A. Review, to which he was a liberal contributor. Gardiner, SYLVESTER, physician, b. Kingston, R.I., in 1707; d. Newport, Aug. 8, 1786. Having studied medicine in London and Paris, he engaged in practice at Boston, where he also lectured on anatomy. Acquiring a large estate by the sale of drugs, he invested in the Kennebec purchase, and purchased for himself, and settled, the tract now occupied by the city of Gardiner. He procured emigrants from Germany to cultivate the soil, furnishing them annually with the needed supplies. He contributed liberally to the erection of King s Chapel, Boston, of which he was a warden ; promoted the introduction of inoculation for the small-pox ; printed and distributed an edition of an excellent book of prayers prepared by himself; built and endowed a church at Gardiner, and presented that town with a valuable library, which was afterwards scat tered. Notwithstanding his advanced age, he left Boston when it was evacuated by the British army during the Revolution, taking with him, of all his great estate, but about 400. His lands, about 100,000 acres, were confiscated and sold; but his heirs, through some informality, were re-invested with the property. He returned to Newport in 1785. One of his daughters was m. to Col. Browne, bro. of the first Marquis of Sligo ; a younger one was the wife of Robert Hallowell, and the estates of Dr. Gardiner in Me. were entailed on her infant son, Robert, who took the sur name of his maternal errand father. Gardner, CHARLES K., col. U.S.A., b. Morris Co., N.J., 1787 ; d. Washington, D.C., Nov. 1. 1869. Ensign 6th Inf. May 3, 1808; capt. 3d Art. July, 1812 ; brig.-major to Gen Armstrong, Aug. 4, 1812 ; assist, adj.-gen. Mar. 18, 1813 ; major 25th Inf. June 26, 1813 , adj.-gen. Apr. 12, 1814; brev. lieut.-col. for disting. service, Feb. 5, 1815; maj. 3d Inf., and adj.-gen. div. of the North ; resigned Mar. 17, 1818. He was in the battles of Chrystler s Fields, Chippewa, and Niagara, and at the siege and defence of Fort Erie. In 1822-3 he edited the New York Patriot. Author of a "Compend of Inf. Tactics," N.Y. 1819; "Dic tionary of the Army of the U.S.," N.Y. 1853, 2d ed. 1860. Senior assist, postmaster-gen. Sept. 11, 1829; auditor of the treasury, July, 1836, to March, 1841 ; postmaster at Washington City, March, 1845, to July, 1849; surveyor- gen, of Oregon 1849-53, and afterward in the treas. department at Washington until 1867. Father of the rebel Gen. Franklin Gardner, who surrendered Port Hudson 9 July, 1863. Gardner, JOHN LANE, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ms. ; d. Wilmington, Del., Feb. 19, 1869. Son of Col. Robert. App. lieut. of inf. May 20, 1813 ; wounded in attack on La Cole Mill, Mar. 30, 1814; aide-de-camp to Gen. Smith, 1814; capt. Nov. 1, 1823; disting. in battle of Wahoo Swamp, Nov. 21, 1836; maj. 4th Art. Oct. 13, 1845 ; com. his regt. in Mexi co in 1847; brev. lieut.-col. for the battle of Cerro Gordo, Apr. 18, 1847 ; brev. col. for bat tle of Contreras, Aug. 20, 1847 ; lieut.-col. 1st Art. Aug. 3, 1852 ; col. 2d Art. July 23, 1861 ; retired Nov. 1, 1861 ; brev. brig.-gen. for long and faithful service in the army, 13 Mar. 1865. Gardner. Gardner, SAMUEL JACKSON, editor and author, b. Ms. 1788; d. at the White Moun tains, N.H., 14 July, 1864. H.U. 1807. He practised law in Roxbury, Ms., many years ; some time dep. grand master of Masons in Ms.; removed to Newark, N.J., in 1838, and edited the Daily Advertiser in 1850-61. Author of " Autumn Leaves," a vol. of essays. Gardner, COL. THOMAS of Cambridge, b. 1724; d. July 3, 1775. He ranked among the most zealous sons of liberty in 1 774-5 ; a mem ber of the Prov. Congress and of the committee of safety ; raised a regt. in May, 1775; was commissioned col., and was mortally wounded at the battle of Bunker s Hill. Gardner, WILLIAM H., commo. U.S.N., b. 1800; d. Phila. 18 Dec. 1870. Midship man 1814 ; lieut. 1825 ; com. 1841 ; capt. 1855; commo. 1863. He com. the frigate " Colora do " in 1855, the Mare Island station in 1861, and was an officer of much merit. Garesche (gar / -I-sha / ), JULIUS P., col. and chief of staff of Gen. Rosecrans, b. Cuba, of Amer. parents, 1821 ; killed at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. West Point, 1841; A. M. of Georget. Coll., D.C., 1842. 2d lieut. 4th Art. July, 1841 ; 1st lieut. June, 1846 ; A.A.G., rank capt., Nov. 9, 1855 ; major 3 Aug. 1861 ; lieut.- col. 17 July, 1862. He served in the Mexican war, and, previously to joining Rosecrans, de clined a commission of brig.-gen. One of the founders of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul in Washington. Garfield, JAMES ABRAM, soldier and M.C., b. Orange, Cuyahoga Co., O., Nov. 19, 1831. Wms. Coll. 1856. At first a day-laborer, he 353 GAJEl was afterward a driver, and then boatman, on the Pa. and O. Canal. In 1849 he attended an acad., and taught a district school in the fol lowing winter. He was in 1856 made teacher of languages in the Eclectic Institute at Hi ram, 0. The next year he became pres. of that institution, which office he held until 1861. In 1859 he was elected to the senate of O., and in 1860 was adm. to the bar. In the autumn of 1861 he was made col. 42d Ohio vols., and was sent to Eastern Ky., where, with his own and the 40th Ohio regt., he defeated Humphrey Marshall; made brig.-gen. vols. Jan. 11, 1862, the date of his victory at Prestonburg. In March, 1862, he attacked the enemy at Pound Gap, destroying their camp, and inflicting se vere loss upon them. He com. the 20th brigade at the battle of Shiloh, and soon after made chief of staff to Gen. Rosecrans ; app. maj.-gen. " for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of Chickamauga, Ga.," from Sept. 19, 1863; resigned Dec. 5, 1863. In Oct. 1862, he was elected to Congress from the 19th district, which he still represents. Garland, HUGH A. .lawyer, b. Nelson Co., Va., June 1, 1805 ; d. St. Louis, Oct. 14, 1854. Hamp. Sid. Coll. 1 825. Grandson of Gen. John Garland. He was prof, of Greek in H. S. Coll. in 1825-30. In 1831 he commenced the prac tice of law at the county seat of Mecklenburg, where he soon became a noted lawyer and pol itician. He was 5 years a member" of the Va. legisl. ; was clerk of the H. of representatives at Washington ; and in 1841, having acquired a competence by his profession, retired to his farm near Petersburg, engaged in business, was un successful, and was reduced to poverty. At the age of 40, he removed to St. Louis and recom menced practice, attaining eminence. Author of " Life of John Randolph," N.Y. 1 850 ; " Life of Jefferson." His son, HUGH A., Jun., a law yer of St. Louis, col. of a rebel regt., was killed in one of the battles between Hood and Thomas in Tenn. in 1864. Garland, GEN. JOHN, b. Va. 1792; d. N.Y. City, June 5, 1861. Lieut, of inf. Mar. 31, 1813 ; capt. May, 1817 ; major 1st Inf. Oct. 30, 1836 ; lieut.-col. 4th Inf. Nov. 27, 1839 ; col. 8th Inf. May 7, 1849 ; disting. under Col. Worth in Florida war; brev. lieut.-col. "for gallant conduct in battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma," May 9, 1846; com. a brigade at Monterey, and through Scott s cam paign in Mexico, from May, 1846, to Oct. 1847; brev. brig.-gen. " for battles of Contreras and Churubusco," Aug. 20, 1847 ; disting. in storm ing El Molino del Rey ; disting. and severely wounded in capture of Mexico City. Gard ner. Garland, ROBERT R., gen. C.S.A. ; killed at the battle of South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1862. App. from Mo. 2d lieut. 7th inf. Dec. 30, 1847 ; became 1st lieut. March, 1855, and capt. in 1 860 ; dropped from the army-rolls May 23, 1861, and was app. a brig.-gen. in the Confed. army. Garneaiix, FRANCIS XAVIER, b. Quebec, 1809. Author of " Histoire dtt Canada," 3 vols. 1852; "Voyage en Angleterre et en France dans les annee s 1831-3." D. 5 Feb. 1866. Garnett, JAMES MERCER, educator and 23 agriculturist, b. Elmwood,Va., June 8, 17?J, : d. there May, 1843. He received excellent train ing from his parents ; served at various periods in the legisl. of his State ; was M. C. in 1805- 9; and was also a member of the convention of 1829 to revise the State constitution. He acted with the Democ. party, and engaged in a controversy with Matthew Carey, the protec tionist. For more than 20 years, he presided over the Agric. Society of Fredericks!.) urg, de livered many addresses, and contrib. liberally to agric. journals. Garnett, RICHARD BROOKE, brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Va. 1819 ; killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. West Point, 1841. 2d lieut. 6th Inff 1841 ; served in the Florida war in 1841-2 ; aide-de-camp to Gen. Brooke from 1846 to 1851; capt. May 9, 1855; resigned 17 May, 1861. Entering the Confed. service in 1861, he participated in most of the battles in Va. ; was a col. under Pegram and Floyd in West ern Va., but soon after joined Lee s army, and was made brig.-gen. Garnett, ROBERT SELDEN, gen. in the ser vice of Va., b. Elmwood, Va., 1820; killed in fhe battle of Carrick s Ford, July 14, 1861. West Point, 1841. Entering the 4th Art., he was assist, instructor in inf. tactics at West Point, 1843-4 ; disting. himself in the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma ; became 1st lieut. in Aug. 1846 ; was aide to Gen. Tay lor from June, 1846, to Jan. 1849; was brev. capt. for gallantry at Monterey, and maj. for gallantry at Buena Vista ; capt. March, 1851 ; com. of cadets, and instructor in inf. tactics at West Point, from Nov. 1852 to July, 1854 ; maj. 9th Inf. March 27, 1855 ; disting. himself in operations against the Indians in Washing ton Terr, in 1856-8 ; visited Europe on ac count of ill health in 1860, but returned, and resigned his commission, April 30, 1861. He was app. adj. -gen. of the Army of Va., and com. of the Confed. forces in the western part of the State. Having been defeated at Rich Mountain, and a part of his force under Col. Pegram surrounded, he was attempting to es cape with the remainder, when his forces were routed, and he was killed. Garrard, COL. JAMES, gov. of Ky. 1796- 1804, b. Stafford Co., Va., Jan. 14, 1749; d. Mt. Lebanon, Bourbon Co., Ky., Jan. 19, 1822. He was an officer of the Revol., after wards a member of the legisl. of Va., where he contrib. to procure the passage of the religious freedom bill, and was one of the first settlers of Ky. In 1782 he settled near Paris, Bour bon Co., and was often in the Ky. legisl. Col. THEOPHILUS T. GARRARD, his son, was the hero of the battle of "Wild Cat," in 1802. Another son, GEN. JAMES, d. Bourbon Co., Ky., Sept. 1, 1838, a. ab. 64; many years a member of the Ky. legisl. ; an officer in the militia in the war of 1812, and a disting. agri culturist. Garrard, KENNER, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ky. 1830. West Point, 1851. Capt. 2d cav. 27 Feb. 1861, and made prisoner by the rebels at San Antonio, Texas, when the war broke out ; exchanged 27 Aug. 1862 ; com. tho 146th N.Y. regt. at Fredericksburg and Chan- cellorsville, and, for gallantry at Gettysburg, 354 was marie brig. -gen. July 23, 1863 ; in the bat tles of Rappahannock Station and Mine River ; com. the 2d cav. division, Army of the Cum berland, in the Atlanta campaign ; was in Nov. 1864 assigned to the 2d div. 16th corps, which he com. in the battle of Nashville, and for his efficiency and gallantry in that battle, Dec. 15- 16, was brev. maj.-gen. ; engaged in the Mobile campaign, and specially disting. in assault on Fort Blakely, 9 Apr. 1865; maj. 3d cav. 2 Nov. 1863 ; brev. col. U.S.A. 22 July, 1864, for exped. to Covington, Ga. ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for services in the Rebel lion ; resigned 9 Nov. 1866. Cullum. Garrett, THOMAS, philanthropist, of Qua ker parentage, b. Darby, Del. Co., Pa., 21 Aug. 1789 ; d. Wilmington, Del., January 23, 1871. Bred a scythe and edge-tool maker, he acquired a competency, and in 1820 settled in Wilming ton. He became an abolitionist ab. 1807, through the kidnapping of a colored woman from his father s family ; and thenceforward as sisted all fugitives who applied to him on their way to freedom. May, 1848, in a suit brought against him by the owners of some slaves whom he had aided to escape, he was convicted ; and the damages awarded swept away every dollar of his property. Commencing business anew in his 65th year, he amassed a competence. He lived to be honored in the community by which he had formerly been execrated, and to see his hopes for universal freedom realized. Garrison, WILLIAM LLOYD, leader of the emancipationist movement in the U.S., b. Newburyport, Ms., 12 Dec. 1804. Appren ticed to a shoemaker, and afterward to a cabi net-maker : he preferred the printer s trade, which he learned in the office of the Netvbury- port Herald. He also contrib. to its columns and to those of the Salem Gazette, in which he manifested his sympathy in the struggle of the Greeks for freedom. In 1826 he established the Free Press at Newburyport, soon discon tinued. In 1827 he edited the National Phi lanthropist in Boston, the first journal to advo cate total abstinence. In 1828 he started at Bennington, Vt., the Spirit of the Times, advocating temperance, peace, abolition, and the election of J. Q. Adams to the presidency. Towards the close of 1829, he became assistant editor of Lundy s Genius of Universal Emanci- .pation at Baltimore: previously the advocate of gradual abolition, Garrison made it at once the organ of the doctrine of immediate eman cipation. For denouncing as " domestic pira cy " the taking of a cargo of slaves from Bal timore to La., he was fined, and imprisoned 49 days, and until Arthur Tappan paid the fine. After delivering a series of lectures on slavery in the principal cities, he established in Boston, 1 Jan. 1831, the Liberator, a weekly, of the most decided and uncompromising antislavery views, discontinued in Dec. 1865, the object for which it was established having been fully accomplished. His denunciations of slavery and slaveholders excited intense exasperation at the South. The Ga. legisl. offered a reward of $5,000 for his arrest and conviction under the laws of that State, which greatly increased his notoriety and the number of his followers. In the spring of 1832 he pub. " Thoughts oil African Colonization," in opposition to that scheme. He soon after visited Eng., where he was warmly received by Wilberforce, Broug ham, and their associates. While attending an antislavery meeting in Boston, 21 Oct. 1835, he was seized by a mob of " gentlemen of property and standing," from whose violence he was only saved by being locked up in jail, and on the following day was conveyed by the city authorities to a place of safety in the coun try. Founder of the Ainer. Antislavery Society 1 Jan. 1832, and its pres. 1843-65. Founder in 1838 of the N. E. Nonresistance Society. In 1840 he attended the World s Antislavery Con vention in Lond., but refused to take his seat because the female delegates from the U. S. were excluded. After long and arduous labor, Mr. Garrison has lived to see his hope of eman cipation realized, though not, as he hoped, by moral suasion alone, and without bloodshed. His friends raised and presented to him in Mar. 1868, as a national testimonial for his arduous labors in the cause of antislavery, ab. $30,000. A vol. of his " Sonnets and other Poems " was pub. in 1843; "Selections from his Writings and Speeches," 12mo, 1852. See Mrs. Stowe s Men of Our Times, 1868. Garth, GEORGE, a Brit, gen.; d. 1819. Son of John, M. P. for Devizes, and bro. of Gen. Thomas. He entered the first Foot Guards in Sept. 1755; was made brev. col. Feb. 19, 1779; maj.-gen. Nov. 20, 1782; gen, 1801 ; afterwards gov. of Placentia ; a brig.- gen. in Amer. during the Revol. war. In July, 1779, he was second in com. of Tryon s exped. which plundered and destroyed Fairficld and Norwalk, Ct., and served under Clinton in the exped. against Charleston in 1780. Gartland, FRANCIS X., first R.C. bishop of Savannah; consec. Nov. 10,1850; d. Sept. 20, 1854. Gaston, WILLIAM, LL.D. (U. of Pa. 1819), statesman and jurist, b. Newbern, N.C., Sept. 19, 1778; d. Raleigh, Jan. 23, 1844. N. J. Coll. 1796. His father, Dr. Alexander, of Huguenot ancestry, and an ardent Whig, having been shot by Tories Aug. 20, 1781, his early education was conducted by his moth er. Adm. to the bar in 1798, he attained the head of his profession in the State. In 1799 he was elected to the State senate from Craven Co.; in 1808 to the H. of delegates, over which he was chosen to preside ; and M.C. from 1 813 to 1817, where he ranked with Lowndes, Ran dolph, Calhoun, Clay, and Webster. His speeches upon the Loan Bill and the previous question present some of the finest displays of reasoning and eloquence which our country has furnished. Some of the best statutes of N.C., as well as its judicial organization, are the result of his wisdom. Judge of the Su preme Court of N.C. from 1834 to his d. He assisted the convention in 1835 in amending the State constitution, nearly all the reforms in which he is said to have suggested and elab orated ; spoke and voted against the propo sition to deprive free colored men of the right of suffrage, which at that time they possessed ; and was tendered, but declined, the U.S. sena- torship in 1840. Gates, HORATIO, maj.-gen., b. at Maiden in Essex, Eng., in 1728; d. N.Y. Apr. 10, 1806. Son of a clergyman, and godson of H. Walpole. At an early age he entered the army ; rose rapidly to the rank of niaj. ; and in 1755 was stationed at Halifax; but, joining Braddock s unfortunate exped. in the latter year, he was shot through the body, and for a long time disabled. He recovered, however, in season to join his regt. in the exped. against Martin ico in Jan. 1762, in which he was aide to the com.-in-chief Monckton, and rendered ef ficient service, establishing his reputation as a brave and prudent officer. Maj. 60th Royal Americans, Oct. 27, 1764. After the peace, he purchased a fine estate in Berkeley Co., Va., and devoted himself successfully to agricultu ral pursuits. At the commencement of the Revol. war, he tendered his services to Con gress, who in July, 1775, app. him adj. -gen. with the rank of brigadier ; and in the following June, having in May been made maj. -gen., re ceived the chief com. of the army, which had just retreated from Canada. His first step, the withdrawal of the entire American force from Crown Point, was severely censured by many, and considered highly injudicious by Washington, as it opened to the enemy the un disputed navigation of Lake Champlain. A few months after, Gates again joined the com.- in-chief; and the northern army was assigned to Schuyler. He continued with Washington until Mar. 1 777, when he resumed his command on the northern frontier, where he was super seded by Schuyler in May, but was reinstated Aug. 4. It was fortunate for Gen. Gates that the retreat from Ticonderoga had been con ducted under other auspices than his, and that he took the command when the indefatigable but unrequited labors of Schuyler, and the courage of Stark and his mountaineers, had already insured the ultimate defeat of Bur- goynej who, notwithstanding his unfavorable prospects, would not think of retreat. The severe conflict of Sept. 19, and the defeat of Oct. 7 at Saratoga, were followed by the sur render of Burgoyne, with his whole force, on the 16th, perhaps, in its consequences, the most important achievement of the whole war. Con gress passed a vote of thanks to Gen. Gates and his army, and also voted a gold medal for him, with suitable inscriptions. His glory was soon obscured by the intrigues then progressing for elevating him to the station occupied by Wash ington. Nov. 27, 1777, he was made pres. of the new board of war and ordnance, and Oct. 22, 1778, com. of Eastern Dept. In June, 1780, he received the chief com. of the south ern districts. After collecting 3,600 troops, principally militia, he advanced against Corn- wallis, whom he met Aug. 16 at Cam den, and was totally defeated. This battle terminated the military career of Gen. Gates, whose sin gular fortune it was to conduct the most pros perous and the most disastrous of the military enterprises in this war. He was removed from com. and suspended from service until inquiry should be had as to his conduct. He retired to his farm in Berkeley Co., and, after a long and tedious inquiry, he was finally acquitted, and reinstated in his com. in 1782. When peace was made, he retired to his Va. estate, and in 1790 removed to N.Y., having first emancipated all his slaves, and provided for such of them as could not provide for them selves. He was then presented with the free dom of the city, and in 1800 was elected to the State legisl., but did not serve. Gates, WILLIAM, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ms. 1788 ; d. N.Y. Oct. 7, 1868. West Point, 1806. Son of Capt. Lemuel, Revol. of ficer of Ms., who d. Oct. 1, 1806. Capt. 1st Art. 3 Mar. 1813; maj. 1st Art. May 30, 1832; lieut.-col. 3d Art. Dec. 17, 1836; col. Oct. 13,1845; military gov. of Tampico, Mex., Oct. 1846 to June, 1848 ; brev. brig.-gen. U S. A. 13 Mar. 1865. He was at the capture of York, Canada, and in the bombardment of Fort George ; was stationed at Fort Moultrie during the nullification troubles in 1832 ; took an active part in all the Indian wars ; personal ly took Osceola prisoner ; escorted the Chero- kees to the Indian country ; com. the 3d Art. in the Mexican war ; and had been 62 years in service. His son COLLIKSON REED, disting. in the Florida and Mexican wars, d. Fredericks- burg, Texas, June 28, 1849, a. 33. West Point, 1836. Gay, EBENEZER, D.D., clergyman, b. Dedham, Ms., Aug. 26,1696; d. March 18, 1787. H.U. 1714. He was settled over the church at Hingham, Ms., June 11, 1718, to which he ministered 69 years and 9 months. On his 85th birthday he preached a sermon from the text, " Lo, I am this day fourscore and five years old," which, under the title of " The Old Man s Calendar," has been frequent ly repub. in America, went through several editions in Eng., and was translated into one or two of the languages of Continental Eu rope. Many of his sermons were pub., and had, in their day, a high repute. He was a man of great learning and wit. Liberal in theology. He was a Tory in politics, and suf fered persecutions from his own parishioners during the Revol. Gay, MARTIN, M.D. (H.U. 1826), a dis ting. chemist and physician. Great-grandson of Rev. Ebenezer. B. Boston, 1 6 Feb. 1803 ; d. there 12 Jan. 1850. H.U. 1823. Gay, WINCKWORTH ALLAN, landscape- painter, bro. of Martin, b. Hingham, Ms., Aug. 18, 1821. While young, he became a pupil of Weir, prof, of drawing of West Point Acad., and subsequently studied 5 years in Europe, part of the time under Troyon in Paris. His style is that known as the modern French. " A scene in the White Mountains," painted for the Boston Athenasum, and another, called " Near Fontainebleau," well exemplify his style. His views of Nantasket Beach and rocks have attracted much attention ; and he excels in coast-scenerv. Gayarre (gl -a -ra ), CHARLES E.ARTHUR, lawyer and historian, b. N. Orleans, Jan. 3, 1805. Educated at the Coll. of N. Orleans. In 1826 he went to Phila. and studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1829; in 1830 was elected to the legisl. ; in 1831 was app. dep. atty.-gen. ; in 1833 pres. judge of the City Court of N. Orleans ; and in 1835 he was elect ed a U.S. senator; but ill health prevented him from taking his seat. After visiting Europe, G-ATT 356 ii his return in 1843, he was again sent to the State legisl., and from 1S46 to 1853 was sec. of Srate. Author of a " History of La.," 1847 ; "Romance of the History of La.," 1848; " Spanish Domination in La.," 1854 ; " Hist, of La. (French domination), 2 vols. 1854 ; " La., its History as a French Colony," 1851-2; a dramatic novel called " The School of Poli tics," 1854 ; a work on " The Influence of Me chanic Arts ; " and an address to the people of the State on the late frauds perpetrated at the election, Nov. 7, 1853. In 1830 he pub. in French " An Historical Essay on La." Gayle, JOHN, judge and statesman, b. Sumter Dist., S.C., Sept. 11, 1792; d. Mo bile, Ala., July 20, 1859. S.C. Coll. He em igrated to Ala. 1813. In 1817 he was app. a member of the Terr, legisl. ; was solicitor of the first judicial dist. on organization of the State govt. ; in 1823 was elected judge of the Su preme Court ; in 1829 was speaker of the house; gov. from 1831 to 1835; M.C. from 1847 to 1849, when he was app. a judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of Ala. Lanman. Gayler, CHARLES, dramatist, b. New York, 1820. He began writing for the stage while editing a newspaper in Cincinnati, and since 1850 has been connected with the press of New York. He has written upwards of 40 Miccessful pieces. Among them are "The Gold-Hunters," a drama ; the operetta of the " Frightened Fiend ; " " Taking the Chances," a comedy ; " Galieno Faliero," a tragedy ; and " Isms, a comedy. Geary, JOHN WHITE b. near Mt. Pleas., Westm. Co., Pa., Dec. 30, 1819. He taught school ; became a merchant s clerk in Pittsburg; afterward studied at Jeff. Coll. ; finally became a civil eng., and was several years connected with the Aileghany Portage Railroad. He was lieut.-col. of Roberta s regt. of Pa. vols. in the Mexican war, and commanded his regt. at Chapultepec, where he was wounded, but re sumed his com. the same day at the attack on the Belen Gate, previous to the capture of the city of Mexico. For gallant and meritorious conduct on that occasion, he was made first commander of the city of Mexico after its cap ture, and col. of his regt. Removing to San Francisco after the war, he was made post master there in Jan. 1849 ; was soon after first alcalde of that city, and its first mayor. In 1852 he returned to Pa., and settled on his farm in Westmoreland Co. From July, 1856, to March, 1857, he was gov. of Kansas. He then returned to Pa., and early in 1861 raised and equipped the 28th Pa. Vols. ; com. in several successful engagements in the fall of 1861; occupied Leesburg, Va., in March, 1862 ; became brig.-gen. of vols. April 25, 1862 ; was severely wounded in the arm at the battle of Cedar Mountain ; led the 2d division of the 12th corps at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, and Mission Ridge ; com. the 2d division 20th corps in Sherman s Georgia and S.C. campaigns; app. military gov. of Savannah on its capture, 22 Dec. 1864 ; gov. of Pa. 1867-73; d. Feb. 8, 1873. Geddes, JOHN, gov. of S.C. 1818-20; speaker of S.C. house of rep. ; d Charleston S.C., Mar. 5, 1828, a ab. 55. Gee, JOSHUA, minister of the " Old North Church, Boston, from Dec. 18, 1723, to his d., May 22, 1748; b. Boston, June 29, 1698. H.U. 1717. He had a penetrating mind, strong reasoning powers, and considerable learning. His wife, the accomp. dau. of Rev. Mr. Rogers of Portsmouth, d. 1730, a. 29. He was one of the assembly of ministers who met in Boston, July 7, 1743, and gave their attestation to the pro gress of religion in this country. He pub. in 1743 a letter to Nathl. Eells, moderator of this assembly, containing some remarks OR their printed testimony against disorders in the land. GefFrard, FABRE, pres. of the Republic of Hayti, b. L Anse-a-Veau, Hayti, 19 Sept. 1806. His father was one of Dessaline s generals, and aided Petion in framing the Haytien Constitution. Entering the army at the age of 15, young Geffrard became lieut.- gen. in 1845, and disting. himself by military tact and humanity. In the contest between the blacks and mulattoes of Hayti, he took the part of the latter, though himself a rjrijfc. In the campaign of 18">6 he particularly disting. himself in the retreat from San Juan. Created a duke by Soulouque, and placed in com. of the army, he gained some important victories over the Dominicans, but aroused Soulouque s jealousy, and was obliged to fly. Proclaiming himself pres. 21 Dec. 1858, he joined a party of revolutionists, landed at Gonaives Jan. 1, 1859, and soon became master of the northern part of the island. Entering the capital, Jan. 15, he made prisoners of Soulouque and his family, whom he protected, and sent to King ston, J.-mviica. The republic was restored, and Gcffrard made pres. He at once instituted important reforms, some of which met with great opposition. His life was attempted ; and in Mar. 1867 he abdicated. Geisinger, DAVID, commo. U.S.N., b. Md. 1790; d. Phila. March 5, 1860. Mid shipman 1809 ; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814 ; com mander, March 11, 1829; and capt. May 24, 1838. During the war of 1812, he saw much active service, and was in " The Wasp" during her brilliant cruise on the English coast in 1814, in which she captured the sloop " Rein deer," June 28. Sent to Charleston in com mand of the prize brig " Atalanta," he escaped from the fate allotted to " The Wasp," which was never after heard of. Genest, or Genet (zheh-na }, EDMOND CHARLES, a French diplomatist, b. Versailles, Jan. 8, 1763; d. Schodack, L.I., July 14, 1834. At the age of 12 he received a gold medal and a flattering letter from Gustavus III. for A translation of the history of Eric XIV. into Swedish, with notes by himself. Though brought up at the French court, and the bro. of Mme. Campan, he was a republican, and, on his return from a Russian mission, was in Dec. 1792 sent as ambassador to the U.S. He endeavored to excite a war with Eng., and even went so far as to fit out privateers from Charleston to cruise against the vessels of nations then at peace with the U.S., and to project hostile expeditions against Fla. and La. Washington was constrained to ask his recall, which took place in 1794. Genest remained in 357 GKET the U.S., was naturalized, and in 1794 m. Cor nelia, dau. of Gov. George Clinton. She dying in Mar. 1810, he m. a dau. of Samuel Osgood. He took a great interest in promoting im provements in agriculture and the arts and sciences. Gentry, RICHARD, maj.-gen. Mo. militia; col. of Mo. vols. in Florida war, Oct. 6, 1837 ; disting. and killed in battle of Okeechobee, Dec. 25, 1837. George, ENOCH, a Methodist bishop, b. Va. 1768; d, Aug. 23, 1828. His father s family removed to N.C., where he entered the min istry of the Meth. church ; was in 1791 app. to a circuit; in 1796 received the app. of presid ing elder, which office he filled in various locali ties until 1816, when he was made bishop. Gerard, CONRAD ALEXANDER, LL.D. (Y.C. 1779), chevalier, a French diplomatist; d. Strasburg, April, 1790. One of the French secretaries of State in 1777; as such, arranging and signing the treaty between France and the U.S., Feb. 6, 1778; app. ambassador to the U.S., he arrived at Phila. early in July, 1778, and was succeeded by Luzerne in Sept. 1779. Gerhard, W. W., M.D., b. Phila. 1809. Lecturer on clinical med. in the U. of Pa. Bro. of Benjamin, a lawyer of Phila. Author of " Clinical Guide," Phila. 8vo ; " Diseases of the Chest," 1842, new ed. 8vo, 1854. Edited " Graves s Clinical Medicine," with notes and additions, 8vo, Phila. Also contrib. to the medical journals ; d. Phila. Apr. 28, 1872. Germaine, LORD GEORGE, Viscount Sack- ville, an English statesman, b. 26 Jan. 1716; d. 26 Aug. 1785. Third son of the 1st Duke of Dorset. Educated at Westminster and at Trin. Coll., Dublin, his father being lord-lieut. of Ireland. He served with reputation in the army in Germany, attaining the rank of lieut.- gen., but was dismissed the service for disob. of orders at the battle of Minden. Entering parliament in 1761, he became, in Nov. 1775, colonial sec. of State, which post he filled throughout the Amer. revol. war. He zealously supported all the rigorous measures against the Americans, sternly opposed every attempt to effect a termination of hostilities, and be came so unpopular, that, during the London riots in 1780, he was obliged to barricade his house. His conduct was rash and impolitic, but so consonant to the views of the king, that he was a great favorite at court. One of the supposed authors of Junius Letters. Made vis count in 1783. Gerry, ELBRIDGE, a signer of the Declara tion of Independence, and vice-pres. U.S., b. Marblehead, Ms., July 17, 1744; d. Washing ton, Nov. 23, 1814. H. U. 1762. Having acquired by mercantile pursuits a competency, he took an early and active part in the Revol. struggle; in 1772 represented his native town in the State legisl., and, although one of the youngest members of that body, took a prin cipal part in the debates ; was placed on the important committee of corresp. ; and was an efficient member of the committee of safety. Placed at the head of a committee for procur ing supplies, he was the first to propose in the Prov. Congress a law for encouraging the fitting-out of armed vessels, and establishing a Court of Admiralty ; and was chairman of the com. app. for its preparation. On the estab lishment of courts by the province in Nov. 1775, the lucrative post of maritime judge was offered to Gerry, who declined it. Feb. 9, 1776, he took his seat in the Continental Congress, in which he continued, with few intermissions, until Sept. 1785. In 1777 he was app. one of a com. to visit Washington at Valley Forge. The report of that com. had a great effect upon Congress, and caused more efficient measures to be taken for the relief and support of the army. Up to the time of the organization of the treasury board, in 1780, of which he was made presiding officer, he was generally chair man of the com. of the treasury ; and in the latter part of 1779 was one of the delegates to Phila. for the purpose of devising some cor rective for the sad condition of the currency. Displeased with the action of Congress in assess ing supplies from the several States, Gerry left his seat in Feb. 1780, and returned home, but resumed his post in 1783, and was one of the committee to whom was referred the definitive treaty of peace. Chosen a delegate to the convention which met at Phila. in 1787 to frame the Constitution of the U.S., Gerry was one of those who refused to affix their signa tures to the instrument adopted. M.C. 1789- 93. In 1797 he was sent on a special mission to France, accomp. by Gen. Pinckney and Mr. Marshall, with the object of preserving peace. In Oct. 1798 Gerry returned home, and be came the Democ. candidate for gov., and again in 1801, but was not successful until in 1810, after a violent contest. The following year he was re-elected, but in 1812 was defeated. In the same year he was chosen vice-pres. of the U. S. Member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. He married Ann, dau. of Charles Thomson, sec. of Congress, who d. New Haven, March 17, 1849, a. 86. See Memoirs, by James T. Austin, Boston, 8vo, 1828. Gesner, ABRAHAM, M.D., geologist, b. Cornwallis, N.S., 1797 ; d. Halifax, N.S., Apr. 29, 1864. He studied medicine in Lond., grad uating M.D. in 1827. His father, Col. C. Gesner, was a loyalist and a refugee. The son early acquired considerable reputation as a naturalist, and was app. by the legisls. of the Lower Provinces of Brit. N.A. to explore and report on their geological resources. His chief works are " On the Mineralogy and Geology of Nova Scotia;" "On the Industrial Resources of Nova Scotia ; " " New Brunswick, with Notes for Emigrants," 1847; " Geology of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and P. E. Island;" "Fisheries of the Provinces," com pleted just before his death ; and " A Prac tical Treatise on Coal, Petroleum, and other Distilled Oils." Dr. G. was also a disting. chemist, and patented the discovery of kerosene oil, obtained from a species of bituminous asphaltum, which he was the first to introduce into use in the U.S. Getty, GEORGE W., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. D.C. West Point, 1840. Entering the 4th Art., he became 1st lieut. 31 Oct. 1845 ; capt. 4 Nov. 1853; lieut.-eol. and A.D C. 28 Sept. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. 25 Sept. 1862 ; maj. 5th Art. 1 Aug. 1863; col. 37th Inf. 2S GrEY 358 July, 1866; brev. capt. 20 Aug. 1847, for Con- treras and Churubusco, Mex. ; engaged at Molino del Rev, Chapultepec, and capture of Mexico, 14 Sept. 1847, and in Seminole hos tilities in Fla. 1849-50 and 1856-7; com. 4 batteries at Yorktown, Gaines s Mill, and Mal- vern Hill, 1 July, 1862; engaged at South Mountain, Antietam, and Fredcricksburg ; brev. lieut.-col. 19 Apr. 1863, for services at siege of Suffolk, Va. ; severely wounded and brev. col. 5 May, 1864, for battle of Wilder ness; engaged in the siege of Petersburg; action at Ream s Station ; Shenandoah cam paign, Aug.-Dec. 1864; engaged at Opequan, Fisher s Hill, and Cedar Creek, and brev. maj.- gen. vols. 1 Aug. 1864; engaged in the siege of Petersburg, and brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for its capture; and was in the battle of Sailor s Creek, and at surrender of Lee at Appomattox, 9 Apr. 1865 ; brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, services during the Rebellion. Cullum. Geyer, HENRY SHEFFIE, jurist, b. Fred- ericktown, Md., Dec. 9, 1790; d. St. Louis, March 5, 1859. He began the practice of law in his native town in 1811 ; was an officer in the war of 1812, after which he settled in St. Louis, then a frontier village. Member of the terr. legisl. of Mo. in 1818 ; was 5 times elected to the legisi. of the State, and was speaker of the house in the first three gen. assemblies of the State. As one of the revisers of the statutes in 1825, he contrib. largely to the adoption of a code in Mo. superior to that of any other Western State of that time. In 1850 the post of sec. of war was tendered him by Pres. Fill- more; but he declined it. In 1851-7 he was U.S. senator. Author of " Statutes of Mis souri," 1818. Gholson, WILLIAM Y., jurist, d. Cincin nati, O., 21 Sept. 1870. Formerly a resident of Mpi. ; many years a successful lawyer in O., having few equals in the State ; and was an effective political speaker. Judge of the Superior Court 1854-9, and of the Supreme Court in 1860-5. Author of " Ohio Digest." Gibbeis, ROBERT WILSON, M.D., physi cian and author, b. Charleston, S.C., July 8, 1809;d. Columbia, Nov. 15,1866. S.C. Coll. 1827. He studied and practised medicine; was in 1827-35, assist, prof, of chemistry at S.C. Coll.; was twice mayor of Columbia; and was pres. of the S.C. Medical Association. He contrib. largely to medical and scientific jour nals; received honorable mention both from Humboldt and Audubon ; and his plates on paleontology and fossil remains were pub. at its own cost by the Smithsonian Institute. He \vrote and compiled 3 vols. of " The Document ary Hist, of S. C." (1764-81), and for several years edited the Columbia South- Carolinian. At the burning of Columbia in 1865, his fine man sion, with its valuable coll. of paintings, fossil remains, and geol. specimens, fell a prey to the flames. He pub. " Memoir of Jas. DeVeaux," 1845 ; " Sketch of Chas. Fraser the Artist ; " a " Memoir on Mososaurus," &c., 4to, 1850. In 1842 he pub. in Amer. Journal of Med. Science an article on Pne.umonia, which revolutionized its treatment by opposing the use of the lancet. Gibbon, JOHN, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. 1826. West Point, 1847. Entering the 3d Art., he served in the Mexican war ; became 1st lieut. 12 Sept. 1850; assist, instr. in art. at West Point in 1854-6; capt. Nov. 2, 1859; brig.-gen. of vols. May 2, 1862, and com. a brigade in King s division of McDowell s army corps. He was highly commended for good conduct in the engagement at Gainesville, Aug. 28 ; took part in the battles of South Moun tain, Antietam, Chancellorsville; and at Fred- ericksburg led a division in ScdgcAvick s corps, and was wounded. He com. the 2d corps, and was severely wounded at Gettysburg, for which he was b revetted col. 4 July, 1863. In the Richmond campaign, he com. a division 2d corps till Jan. 15, 1865, and subsequently of the 24th corps, being engaged in battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, To- lopotomy, and Cold Harbor, and operations about Petersburg, June, 1864, to Apr. 1865; maj-gen. vols. 7 June, 1864; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 12 Mar. 1865, for Spottsylvania, and maj.-gen. for the capture of Petersburg, Va. ; col. 36th Inf. 28 July, 1866. lie pub. " The Artillerist s Manual," N.Y. 1859. Gibbons, GEN. EDWARD, b. Eng.; d. Bos ton, Dec. 9, 1654. He came to Amcr. bef. 1629, was a merchant of Boston, a representative in 1638-47, maj.-gen. 1649-51, assist. 1650-51, and capt. of the A. and H. Art. company. He advanced more than 2,500 pounds to La Tour, secured by mortgage of his fort and lands in Acadia, which he lost on its capture by D Aul- nay. In 1643 he was one of the N. E. com missioners who formed a confederation, which met annually for many years to consult for the common peace and prosperity. Gibbs, ALFRED, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. April 23, 1823 ; d. Fort Leavenworth, Ks., Dec. 26, 1868. West Point, 1846. En tering the mounted rifles, he earned the brevets of lieut. and captain for gallantry at Cerro Gordo, Contreras, and Belen Gate; next served in Cal. on the staff of Gen. P. F. Smith, and, in com. of a detachment, greatly distinguished himself in conflict with the Mimbres Apaches, in which he was severely wounded March 9, 1857. Capt. 3d cav. May 13, 1861 ; maj. 7th cav. 28 July, 1866; brig.-gen. vols. 19 Oct. 1864. When the Rebellion broke out, he was serving in Texas, and was taken prisoner. Exchanged in Aug. 1862, he took com. of the 130th N.Y. vols., and served under Sheridan in the latter part of the war, participating in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac. Com. cav. reserve brigade ; brev. major for battle of Trevillian Station, 1 1 June, 1864 ; lieut.-col. for Winchester, 19 Sept. 1864 ; col. for Five Forks, 13 Mar. 1865; maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. Gibbs, GEORGE, natur st,b.Ne\vtown,L.I., July 17, 1815; d. New Haven, Ct., Ap. 19, 1873. Educ. Round Hill School, Northam p., and Harv. Law School ; practised law in N.Y. in 1837-49. Engaged as geologic in var. gov t expl. exped. Author of " Administrations of Wash n and J. Adams (ed. from papers of his grandfather, Oliver Wo icon), 2 vols. 8vo, 1846. Gibbs, JOSIAH WILLARD, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1853), philologist, b. Salem, Ms., Apr. 30, 1790; d. N. Haven, March 25, 1861. Y. Coll. 1809. Tutor there from 1811 to 1815, and O-IB 359 GrIB from 1824 to his d., prof, of sacred literature. Librarian of Y. Coll. 1824-43. He pub. a translation of Storrs s " Essay on the Hist. Sense of the New Test," 1817, and of Gese- nius " Hebrew Lexicon of the Old Testa ment," 1824; "Manual Hebrew and English Lexicon," abridged from Gesenius, 1828; "Philological Studies," 1857; "Latin Analyst," 1858; " Teutonic Etymology," 18GO. Author of several sections of Prof. W. C. Fowler s work on the English language, and contrib. to periodicals numerous important papers on top ics of philology and criticism. Ob. Rec. Yale, 1861. Gibbs, SIR SAMUEL, K.C.B., a Brit, maj.- gen. ; killed at the battle of N. Orleans, Jan. 8, 1815. App. ensign 102d Foot, Oct. 1783; lieut.-col. 10th W. I. regt. 1802 ; brev. col. July, 1810; maj.-gcn. June, 1813. He was made prisoner at Ostend in 1798 ; com. the llth regt. at the attack of St. Martin s in the exped. against the Danish and Swedish islands ; served at the capture of Cape of Good Hope, 1796; com. a brigade in Travancore and in the expcd. to Java, and, as second in com., ac- comp. Sir E. Packenham to N. Orleans in Dec. 1814. Pliilipart. Gibbs, WILLIAM CHAINING, gov. R.I. 1821-4 ; d. Newport, R.I., 21 Feb. 1871, a. 84. Gibson, COL. GEORGE, b. Lancaster, Pa., Oct. 1747; d. Fort Jefferson, Dec. 14, 1791. After receiving an academical education, he entered a mercantile house in Phila., and made several voyages to the W. Indies as super cargo. On the breaking-out of the Rcvol., he raised a company of 100 men at Fort Pitt, and was app. a captain in one of the State regts. His men, known in the army as " Gibson s lambs," were disting. for individual bravery and independence, and, being all sharpshooters, did good service in repelling Lord Dunmore s attack on Hampton, Oct. 25, 1775. In order to obtain a supply of gunpowder, then alarm ingly scarce, he undertook a journey to N. Orleans ; descended the river with 25 picked men of his corps, with a cargo of flour, osten sibly as a trader, and, after various encounters with hostile Indians, succeeded in accomplish ing his mission. App. to the com. of a Va. regt., he joined Washington shortly before the evacuation of York Island ; was at the battle of Trenton, and in nearly all the principal battles until the close of the campaign of 1778. After the war, he retired to his farm in Cum berland Co., and held the office of county lieut. until, in 1791, he was offered by Wash ington the com. of one of the regts. then rais ing for St. Glair s exped. In the disastrous battle of the Miami, Nov. 4, 1791, he received a mortal wound at the close of the action. Rogers. Gibson, GEN. GEORGE, son of Col. George, b. Pa. ; d. Washington, D.C., Sept. 21, 1861. App. capt. 5th Inf. May 3, 1808; major 7th Inf. Nov. 9, 1811 ; lieut.-col. 5th Inf. Aug. 15, 1813, and served through the war of 1812-15; quartermaster-gen. April 29, 1816; assigned to Jackson s divit.ion ; commissarv- gen. April 18, 1818 ; brev. brig.-gen. Apr. 29, 1826; brev. maj.-gcn. for meritorious conduct in the Mex. war, May 30, 1848. He admin istered the commissary department over 4(J years, to the entire satisfaction of the army. Gibson, COL. JAMES, merchant of Boston, b. Lond. ab. 1700 ; d. ab. 1752. Entering the British army, he served at Barbadocs, where,. Oct. 30, 1 730, he became possessed, by marriage, of a large plantation in Jamaica; soon aftei retired from the service, and settled as a mer chant in Boston. He accomp. the Louisburg exped. in 1745 as a "gentleman volunteer," and superintended the removal of the prisoners to France. In 1748 parliament voted him 547 15s. to re-imburse him for expense incurred by him ; but it was never paid.- Returning to Boston, he embarked in the W. India trade, and d. while on a visit there. He pub. "An Account of the Louisburg Exped.," Lond. 1745, which was repub. in Boston in 1847 by a descendant, L. D. Johnson, under the title of " A Boston Merchant of 1745." Gibson, COL. JAMES, b. S. Mil ford, Sus sex Co., Del.; d. Sept. 18, 1814, of a wound received in Brown s sortie from Fort Erie Sept. 17. West Point, 1808. Capt. 2 May, 1810 ; assist, inspect.-gen. April 2, 1813 ; inspector-gen, (rank of col.) July 13, 1813 ; and col. 4th Rifles, Feb. 21, 1814. Participated in the attack on Queenstown Heights, U.C., 13 Oct. 1812 ; and in the campaign on the Niagara frontier of 1814. Gibson, GEN. JOHN, bro. of Col. George, a Revol. officer, b. Lancaster, Pa., May 23, 1740 ; d. Braddock s Field, near Pittsburgh, Apr. 10, 1822. After receiving a classical education, ho joined, at the age of 18, Gen. Forbes s exped., which took Fort Du Quesne (Pittsburg). Settling at Fort Pitt as an Indian trader at the peace, he was soon after taken prisoner by the Indians, and was preserved from the, flames in which his unfortunate companions perished, by an aged squaw, who adopted him in place of her son, who had been killed in battle. Remaining several years with the Indians, he became familiar with their language, manners, customs, and traditions. At the close of hos tilities, he again settled at Fort Pitt. In 1774 he acted a conspicuous part in Dunmore s exped. against the Shawnee towns, particularly in negotiating the peace which followed, and restored many captives to their friends. On the breaking-out of the Revol., he was app. to the com. of a continental regt. ; served with the army at New York, and in the retreat through Jersey ; but lor the rest of the war com. on the western frontier, a post for which he was peculiarly qualified. In 1788 he was a mem ber of the Pa. Const. Conv. ; was subsequently a judge of the C.C.P. of Alleghany Co., and also a major-gen, of militia. In 1800 he re ceived from Pres. Jefferson the app. of sec. of the Territory of Ind., which office he held until it became a State, arid was acting gov. ii* 1811-13. Rogers. Gibson, JOHN BANNISTER, LL.D., jurist, b. Carlisle, Pa., Nov. 8. 1780; d. Phila. May 3, 1853. Dick. Coll. 1800. Son of Col. George. He studied law; was adm. to the bar of Cumberland Co. in 1803 ; practised suc cessively in Carlisle and Beaver, Pa., and in Hagerstown, Md. ; was in the legisl. in 1810- 11 ; was in July, 1813, app. judge of the lltb CJIB 360 G-ZL, Dist. ; was promoted to the Supreme Court in 1816; nnd held the office of chief justice from 1827 to 1851, when the amendment to the Constitution made the judiciary elective; and he was immediately elected to the Supreme Bench by a large majority. Gibson, WILLIAM, M.D. (U. of Edinb. 1809), LL.D., surgeon and author, b. Balti more, 1788; d. Savannah, Ga., March 2, 1868. He settled in practice in Baltimore, and was a professor of surg. in the U. of Md. He ren dered essential service in the riots in Baltimore. Fond of military surgery, he was present at the battles of Corunna and of Waterloo, where he was slightly wounded. For more than 30 years he filled the chair of surgery in the U. of Pa., and performed repeatedly all, or nearly all, of the great operations of the profession ; having, in 1812, taken up the com. iliac artery. He twice successfully performed the Csesarcan section upon the same woman. At the age of 70 he retired from practice, and removed to Newport, R.I. Author of " Principles and Practice of Surgery," 1824-5; "Rambles in Europe in 1839," being sketches of prominent surgeons; and, in 1841, "A Lecture on the Eminent Belgian Surgeons and Physicians." Forever 60 years he kept a daily journal. GiddingS, JOSHUA REED, statesman, b. Athens, Pa., Oct. 6, 1795; d. Montreal, May 27, 1864. His parents were among the first settlers of Ashtabula Co., O. In 1812 he en listed as a substitute for an elder bro., and was in two severe engagements with the Indians near Sandusky Bay. He afterward taught school ; was adm. to the bar in 1820; was a member of the legisl. in 1826; and M.C. from 1838 to 1861. An active abolitionist, he sup ported John Quincy Adams upon the right of petition, and became a prominent champion of the abolition of slavery and the slave-trade in the District of Columbia and the Ter ritories. Feb. 9, 1841, he delivered his first antislavcry speech upon the Indian war in Fla., which he contended was a proslavery contest. His resolutions of March 21, 1842, in reference to " The Creole," a vessel, which, while engaged in transporting slaves from Va. to New Orleans, was captured by them, and taken into Nassau, created intense excitement. A resolution censuring the conduct of Mr. Giddings having been adopted by 125 to 69, he instantly resigned his seat, but was re- elected by a large majority. He opposed the annexation of Texas. In 1850 he took a prominent part in opposing the " Compromise Measures," especially the fugitive-slave law; was conspicuous also in the debates upon the repeal of the Mo. Compromise, and in those upon t j.a subsequent troubles in Kansas. May 8, 185t while addressing the house, he sud denly ft-il to the floor in a state of unconscious ness, from which, however, he soon revived. Jan. 17, 1858, he fell again in the same way, and was compelled, for a time, to be absent from his post. Consul-gen, to Canada from 1861 to his death. In 1843 he wrote a series of political essays signed "Pacificus." A vol. of his speeches was pub. in 1853; in 1858 "The Exiles of Florida;" and in 1864 "A History of the Rebellion, 1861--3." GigriOUX, FRANCOIS REGIS, landscape- painter, b. Lyons, France, 1816 ; studied under Delaroche and Vernet. Came to the U.S. in 1840, settled in N.Y., and was first pres. of the Brooklyn Art Acad. Among his noted pic tures are " Niagara in Winter," " Virginia in Indian Summer," " Four Seasons in America," " First Snow," " Dismal Swamp," " A Win ter in Vermont," " Niagara by Moonlight," and "First Snow in the Adirondacks." Tucker man. Gifford, SANFORD ROBINSON, painter, b. Greenfield, N.Y., July 10, 1823. His father is propri. of large ironworks at Hudson. He stud ied the elements of his art with John R. Smith in N.Y., and continued his studies in Europe. He did duty with the N.Y. 7th regt. in 1861. His best works are " The Wilderness," " The Coming Rain," " Coming Storm," " Quebec," " Camp of the 7th Regiment," " On the Hud son," "First Skating of the Season," " Mount Washington," and "Morning in the Moun tains." TucJcerman. Gilbert, SIR HUAIPHREY, a disting. Eng lish navigator, b. Dartmouth, Devonshire, in 1539 ; d. at sea, Sept. 9, 1583. After studying at Eton and Oxford, he embraced the military profession. For his services in Ireland in sup pressing a rebellion, he was made com. -in-chief and gov. of Munster, and knighted by the lord- deputy in 1570. He soon afterwards returned to Eng., where he m. a rich heiress. In 1572 he sailed with a re-enforcement of 9 ships for Col. Morgan, who at that time meditated the recovery of Flushing ; and, on his return, pub. his " Discourse to prove a Passage by the North-West to Cathaia and the E. Indies." June 11, 1578, Gilbert obtained from Queen Elizabeth letters-patent, empowering him to discover and possess any lands in N.A. then unsettled. This was the first colonial charter granted by Eng. He accordingly sailed to Newfoundland in 1579; but a violent storm compelled him to return. June 11, 15S3, he sailed a second time with 5 ships, and, landing at Newfoundland, took posses.^ion of the har bor of St John s. By virtue of his patent, he granted leases to several families; but, though none of them remained there at that time, they afterwards settled in consequence of these leases : so thax Sir Humphrey deserves remem brance as the real founder of England s Amer ican possessions. In this exped. his hulf-bro. Raleigh was a joint adventurer. Aug. 20, 1583, Gilbert put to sea again in a small sloop to explore the coast : he then steered homeward ; but his small bark foundered at sea, and all on board perished. Gilbert, MR. and MRS. JOHN GIBBS. Mr. G. was b. Boston, 1809. Made his debut at the Tremont, Nov. 28, 1828, as Jaffier in " Venice Preserved ; " and became highly popu lar in his native city, particularly in old men and in the higher walks of comedy. In 1847 he played at the Princess s Theatre, Lond. At present (1870), he is acting-manager of Wai- lack s Theatre, N.Y. Mrs. G., b. Phila. 1801 ; d. N.Y. Apr. 27, 1866. Made her first appear ance at the Tremont as Sophie in " Of Age To-morrow." She accornp. hur husband tc Eng. in 1847. Brown s Aiucr. Stage. GrEL. 361 G-IL Gilbert, RALEIGH, a patentee of N. Eng., nephew of Sir Walter R. ; com. a vessel in the exped. to settle at the mouth of the Ken- nebec in 1607. Arriving at Monhegan Island, Aug. 11, they built fort St. George at Cape Small Point, now in Phipsburg. George Pop- ham was pres., and Gilbert aclm. In the fol lowing spring, having become by the death of his bro., Sir John Gilbert, heir to his property, he returned to Eng. ; and Mr. Popham having died, and the storehouse being burnt, the whole Colony went back with him. Gilchrist, JOHN JAMES, jurist, b. Medford, M.S., Feb. 16, 1809; d. Washington, Apr. 29, 185S. II.U. 1828. Son of Capt. James. He settled as a lawyer in Charlestown, N.II. ; be came disting. ; was in the N. H. legisl. ; was register of probate for Sullivan Co. ; m. a dau. of Gov. Hubbard; became assoc. in 1840, and in 1848 chief justice of the N.H. Supreme Court, and in 1855 of the U.S. Court of Claims. He was pre-eminent as a nisi prius judge. In 1846 he pub. a digest, of N.H. Reports. Giles, HENRY, lecturer and author, b. Craanfbrd, Wexford, Ireland, Nov. 1, 1809. Educated at the Acad. of Belfast. Though bred in the R. C. Church, he became a Unita rian, and was pastor in Greenock for 2 years, and in Liverpool for 3 years. In 1840 he came to Amer., where he has lectured and oc casionally preached. He delivered 4 of the 13 lectures in the celebrated Liverpool controver sy between the Episcopalians and the Unitari ans in 1839. He pub. " Lectures and Essays," 2 vols., Boston, 1845; "Christian Thoughts on Life," 1850; and "Illustrations of Genius in some of its Applications to Society and Culture," 1854. He has addressed many lite rary societies and library associations, and gave one course of lectures before the Lowell Insti tute in Boston on " The Genius and Writings of Shakspeare." He has resided for several years in Quincy, Ms. Giles, WILLIAM BRANCH, statesman, b. Amelia Co., Va., Aug. 12, 1762 ; d. Richmond, Dec. 4, 1830. N.J. Coll. 1781. Adm. to the bar, and practised at Petersburg, but ab. 1790 embarked in politics, first as a Federalist, af terward as a Democrat; M. C. in 1790-8 and 1801-2; U.S. senator from Aug. 1804 to 181 5 ; gov. of Va. 1827-30, and member of the legisl. 1829-30. He separated from the Federalists on the question of establishing a U.S. bank in Dec. 1790. Jan. 23, 1793, he charged Hamil ton with corruption and peculation. In 1 796 he opposed the creation of a navy and the ratifi cation :f Jay s treaty, and the proposed war with France in 1798. In that year he declined a seat in Congress that he might aid Madison in passing the celebrated resolutions of 98 in the Va. legisl. He was an able debater, supported the administration during the war of 1812-15, and was disting. in the deliberations of the State Const. Conv. of 1829. As a parliament ary tactician he was unrivalled. He pub. "A Speech on the Embargo " in 1808 ; " Political Letters to the People of Va." in 1813 ; an in vective letter against President Monroe, and others to John Marshall and J. Q. Adams. Gillem, ALVAN C., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Tenn. West Point, 1851. Entering the 1st Art., he served against the Seminoles in Fla. in 1851-2; capt. 19th Inf. 14 May, 1861, de clined; capt. and asst. quartern!. 12 July, 1861; col. 10th Tenn. vols. 13 May, 1862 ; brig.-gen. vols. 17 Aug. 1863; col. 1st. Cav. 28 July, 1866; brev. maj.19 Jan. 1862, for Mill Springs, Ky. ; engaged at Shiloh and Corinth ; com. brigade in Tenn. 24 Dec. 1862 to 1 June 1863 ; adj. -gen. State of Tenn. 1863-5; coin, exped. to E. Tenn. Aug. 1864 to Mar. 1865, and en gaged in various affairs there ; brev. lieut.-col 16 Dec. 1864, for action at Marion, Va. ; vice- pres. of the convention to re-organize Tenn. 9 Jan. 1865 ; com. cav. division 18 Mar. to July 3, 1865, and in exped. to N.C., participating in action at and capture of Salisbury, N.C., and action near Asheville, 22 Apr. 1865 ; com. dist. of Mpi. 1867 ; brev. brig.-gen.- U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, services in the Rebellion, and brev. maj.-gen. for battle of Salisbury, N.C. Cullum. Gillespie, WILLIAM MITCHELL, LL.D., author and civil engineer, b. New York, 1816 ; d. there Jan. 1, 1868. Col. Coll. 1834. After having spent about 10 years in Europe, partly in prosecuting his studies, and partly in travel and observation, he was prof, of civil engineer ing in Un. Coll. 1845-68. He pub. in 1845 an entertaining volume, " Rome as seen by a New- Yorker in 1843-4; " "Roads and Railroads, a Manual for Road-Making ; " " The Philosophy of Mathematics," from the French of Comte, 1857 ; and in 1855 a work on " The Principles and Practice of Land-Surveying." Gillette, ABRAHAM DUNN, pastor of Cal vary Church, N.Y. City, b. Cambridge, N.Y., 1809. Has pub. " History of the llth Baptist Church, Phila.; " " Memoir of Rev. Daniel H. Gillette ; " " Pastor s Last Gift." Edited " So cial Hymns " and " Minutes of Phila. Bapt. Assoc. from 1707 to 1807." Allibone. Gilliss, JAMES MELVIN, capt. U. S. N., astronomer, b. D.C. 1810; d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 9, 1865. Midshipman March 1, 1827; becamecapt. July 16, 1862. Inl838he organized the first working observatory in the U.S., and in 1843 pub. the first vol. of " Amer ican Astronomical Observations." In Sept. 1842 Lieut. Gilliss began the construction of a naval observatory, finished in 1845. Author of " The U.S. Astron. Exped. to the Southern Hemisphere in 1 849-52," 4to, 2 vols. 1855. He visited Peru in 1858, and Washington Territo ry in 1860. April 22, 1861, he was put in charge of the National Observatory in place of Maury, which, under his charge, became a first-class institution. Shortly before his death, he made a report upon the parallax of the plan et Mars. He made valuable improvements in the instruments of astronomical science. Gillis, JOHN P., commo. U.S.N., b. Wil mington, Del.; d. there Feb. 25, 1873, a. 69. Midshipman Dec. 12, 1825; lieut. Feb. 9, 1837 ; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. Sept. 1867; light-house insp. fourth dist, 1870; had charge of "The Decatur s " boats at the capture of Tuspan ; com. schoon er " Tampico " and the flotilla on Alvarado River, and was acting gov. during the Mexi can war; in Perry s Japan exped. 1853-4 ; G-rc 362 GEL com. stuamer " Monticello " in the Hatteras Inlet tight ; com. " The Scminole," and ren dered ehicient service at capture of Port Royal ; in " The Fernandina " exped* ; in attack on Sewell s Point, May, 1862; joined West Gulf squad, in " The Ossipee ; " com. a division off Mobile, and in 1864 was retired on account of sickness contracted in the service. Hawersly. Gillmore, QUINCY ADAMS, brev. maj.-geh. U.S.A., b. Black River, Lorain Co., 0., Feb. 28, 1825. West Point (1st in his class), 1849. He entered the engr. corps, became 1st lieut. in 1856, capt. Aug. 6, 1861, and raaj. June 1, 1863. From 1849 to 1852, he was employed on the fortifications of Hampton Roads, Va., and was then for 4 years assist, instructor of engineering at AVest Point. In Oct. 1861 he was app. chief engr. of the exped. against the Southern coast under Gen. T. W. Sherman. He superintended the construction of the forti fications at Hilton Head, and planned and ex ecuted the operations resulting in the capture of Fort Pulaski, Apr. 11, 1862, an account of which he pub. in 1863, 8vo, N.Y. April 28, 1862, he was made brig.-gen. of vols. In Sept. 1862 he was assigned to the com. of the dist. of Western Va. ; com. at the battle of Somerset, Ky., 30 Mar. 1863, and brev. col. U.S.A. for that exploit. June, 1863, he suc ceeded Gen. Hunter in the command of the dept. of S.C., and was promoted to maj.-gen. 10 July, 1863. He operated against the de fences of Charleston harbor, silencing Forts Sumter and Wagner ; but the navy failed to take advantage of his successes. In May, 1864, he joined Butler in his disastrous opera tions up the James River, in com. 10th army corps; com. the 19th corps, in pursuit of Early, in July, and subsequently com. the dept. of S.C. ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for capture of Forts Wagner and Gregg. Author of " Limes, Cements, and Mortars," 1863 ; " Engineer and Art. Operations against Charleston," 1863. Cull urn. Gillon, COMMODORE ALEXANDER, a naval officer of the Revol., b. Rotterdam, 1741; d. Oct. 1794. He belonged to a wealthy com mercial family ; was some time a resident of Lond. ; came to Charleston, S.C., in 1766, and became a prospei-ous merchant. In May, 1777, in an armed ship, he captured 3 British cruisers, boarding them one after the other. App. com- mo. in the navy of S.C. in 1778, he sailed for France, where he hired a frigate, which he named the " South Carolina," in which he took many valuable prizes. With a large fleet, partly Spanish, he com. the exped. which in May, 1782, captured the Bahama Islands. He was a man of engaging person, and great en terprise. M.C. 1793-4 ; often in State legisl., and member Const. Conv. of S.C. Johnson s Recoils. Oilman, CAROLINE, authoress, wife of Rev. Samuel, b. Boston, Oct. 8, 1794; dau. of Samuel Howard of Boston, and was ed ucated at various schools in Concord, Cam bridge, and other towns of Ms. At the age of 16 she wrote a poem, " Jephthah s Rash Vow," and soon after " Jairus s Daughter," which was pub. in the N.A. Review. In 1819 she m. aad removed to Charleston, S.C., where she has since resided. ^ In 1832 she began to edit the Rosebud, a juvenile weekly, afterward named the Southern Rose, containing articles of much literary merit. From this she re printed her " Recollections of a New-England Housekeeper," " Recollections of a Southern Matron ;" Ruth Raymond, or Love s Progress ; " "Poetry of Travelling in the U.S.," 1838; " Verses of a Lifetime ; " " Mrs. Oilman s Gift- Book," and other vols. She has also pub. " Or- acies from the Poets," 1847 ; and " The Sibyl, or New Oracles from the Poets," 1848. Mrs. Oilman has edited the "Letters of Eliza Wil kinson during the Invasion of Charleston," in Mrs.Ellett s " Women of the Revol." In 1860 she pub. a memorial of her husband, entitled " Records of Inscriptions in the Cemetery and Building of the Unitarian Church, Archdale Street, Charleston, S.C., from 1777 to 1860." Her dau., Mrs. Caroline Howard Glover, b. 1823, and educated in Charleston, m. in 1840. Besides contrib. poems and tales to the maga zines of the South, she pub. in 1858 " Ver- non Grove," a novel, contrib. to the Southern Literary Messenger. Oilman, CHANDLER ROBBINS, M.D., phy sician and author, b. Marietta, 0., Sept. 6, 1802 ; d. Middletown, Ct., Sept. 26, 1865. U. of Pa. 1824. His father and grandfather (Judge Gil man) were among the earliest set tlers of O. He studied medicine, and practised many years in N.Y. From 1841 till his d., he was prof, of obstetrics in the Coll. of Physi cians and Surgeons, N.Y., and, after the death of Dr. Beck, prof, of med. jurisprudence. Early in life, he, with his relative, C. F. Hoff man, had charge of the Amer. Monthly. In 1835 he pub. " Legends of a Log-Cabin," rem iniscences of his Western life, and " Life on the Lakes." He prepared for the press Dr. Beck s Lectures on Materia Medica;" edited his " Medical Jurisprudence ; " wrote " A Sketch of the Life and Character of Dr. J. B. Beck," 1851 ; " The Relations of the Medical to the Legal Profession," 1856 ; a " Medico Legal Examination of the Case of Charles B. Hun- tington ; " " Tracts on Generation ; " and numerous contributions to medical maga zines. Oilman, JOHN TAYLOR, statesman. Son of Nicholas, b. Exeter, N.H., Dec. 19, 1753 ; d. Sept. 1, 1828. On the morning after the news of the battle of Lexington, he with 100 others marched to Cambridge. He was sub sequently assist, to his father, the treasurer of the State; in Oct. 1780 was a delegate from N.H. to the convention at Hartfoi d to provide for the common defence ; a delegate to the Cont. Congress in 1782-3 ; State treasurer, 1783-92 ; gov. 1794 to 1805 and 1813-16, and a State representative in 1810-11. In politics he was a decided Federalist. Under the confed eration, he, with Irvine and Kean, was a com missioner to settle the accounts of the different States. Oilman, NICHOLAS, statesman, son of Nicholas, treas. of N.H. ; d. Phila. May 2, 1814, a. 52. He was a delegate from N.H. to the Cont. Congress from 1 786 to 1788 ; and after the adoption of the U.S. Constitution, of which he was one of the framers, was M.C. from GJ-IH, 363 1789 to 1797, and was a U. S. senator from 1805 to 1814. Lanman. Gilman, SAMUEL, D.D. (H.U. 1837), Uni tarian clergyman and scholar, b. Gloucester. Ms., Feb. 16, 1791 ; d. Kingston, Ms., Feb. 9, 1858. H.U. 1811. He was tutor in mathe matics at Cambridge from 1817 to 1819, and was pastor of the church in Charleston, S.C., from Dec. 1819 until his death. He contrib. largely to the N. A. Review and other periodi cals on a wide range of subjects, a vol. of which was pub. in 1856 under the title of " Contributions to Amer. Literature." One of his well-known productions is the " Me moirs of a N. E. Village Choir," 1829 ; another is " Pleasures and Pains of a Student s Life," 1852. He translated the Satires of Boileau, and pub. some original poems, among them the " History of a Ray of Light/ and a poem read before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of H.U. He took a prominent part in Charleston in promoting the temperance cause, as well as the interests of literature. Husband of Caro line (Howard) Gilman. An interesting biog. sketch of Dr. Gilman is in the Monthly Reli gions Magazine, Boston, Apr. 1858. Gilmer, GEORGE E., lawyer and legislator, b. Wilkes Co., Ga., Apr. 11, 1790; d. Lexing ton, Ga., Nov. 22, 1859. He received an aca demical education, studied law, and settled in Lexington, Oglethorpe Co., Ga. In 1813 he served as a lieut. in the Creek war. He was in the State legisl. in 1818-19 and 1824; was gov. in 1829-31 and 1837-9, and, during the latter term, removed the Cherokees from Ga. M.C. from 1821 to 1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 1833 to 1835, and was for 30 years trustee of the Ga. Coll. Author of a book pub. in 1855 entitled " Georgians," which con tains much useful and interesting information touching the early settlement of his native State. Lanman. Gilmer, THOMAS W. of Charlottesville, Va., sec. of the U.S. navy ; killed by the ac cident on board the U.S. steamer " Princeton," Feb. 28, 1844; gov. of Va. 1840-41; M.C. from 1841 to 1843. Gilmore, JOSEPH ATHERTON, statesman, b. Weston, Vt., June 10, 1811; d. Concord, N.H., April 17, 1867. He was brought up on a farm; at 15 went to Boston, and entered a store ; became interested in railroads, both as a builder and manager ; and, through these and his mining-interests, eventually acquired a large fortune. He returned to N.H. in 1843; supt. of the Manchester and Lawrence R.R. from Aug. 1853 to Dec. 1856, and also of the Concord and other connecting lines until Aug. 1866. State senator in 1858-9 ; pres. of that body in 1859 ; and was gov. of N.H. in 1863- June, 1865. Gilpin, HENRY D., lawyer and author, b. Phila. 1801; d. there Dec. 29, 1859. U. of Pa. 1819. He studied law, and began practice in Phila. in 1822 ; was U.S. atty. for his State in 1832 ; solicitor of the U.S. treasury in 1837 ; and U.S. atty. -gen. in 1840-1. In 1837 he pub. a vol. of reports of cases in the east ern dist. of Pa., and in 1840 " Opinions of the Attorney-Generals." From 1826 to 1832 he edited "The Atlantic Souvenir," said to be the first American literarv annual. He was pres. of the Pa. Acad. of F ine Arts, and vice- pres. of the Hist. Society ; contrib. to the lead ing periodicals of the day ; wrote several of the biographies of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, beside other biographies, dis courses, and addresses on various public occa sions ; and also supervised the publication by Congress of the Madison Papers. See Me morial of H. D. Gilpin, 1860. Gimforede, THOMAS, miniature-painter and engraver, and teacher of drawing at West Point from 5 Jan. 1819 to his d. 25 Dec. 1832, b. France, 1781. Girard, CHARLES, naturalist, b. Mulhouse, France, 1822. In 1809 he was a pupil of Agassiz at Neuchatel ; became one of his as sistants, and came with him to America, re maining his assist, until 1850, when he went to reside in Washington. He has pub. in the Smithsonian Contributions " Contributions to the Natural History of the Fresh-water Fishes of North America,; " in the Journal of tlie Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila., a memoir on " The Embryonic Development of Planocera Elliptica ; " " Herpetology of the U.S. Expl. Exped. 1838-42," with a fol. atlas; and has contrib. articles on fishes and reptiles to the reports of Stansbury, Sitgreaves, Maury, Gillis of the Mex. boundary and Pacific R. R. surveys, and to the proceedings of various scien tific bodies. One of his latest works is his " Ichthyological Notices." Appleton. Girard, STEPHEN, merchant and banker, b. near Bordeaux, France, May 21, 1750; d. Phila. Dec. 26, 1831. He sailed as cabin-boy to the W. Indies and N.Y. ab. 1760; rose to be master and part owner of a coasting-vessel ; and earned enough to establish himself in business in Phila. in 1769. He traded to the W. Indies until the war, when he opened a grocery and liquor shop, at first in Phila. and afterward at Mount Holly, where he made money out of the American soldiers. In 1780 he resumed his dealings with the W. Indies and N. Orleans ; was for a time in partnership with his brother John, but laid the foundation of his wealth by a profitable lease of a range of stores, and by the negro insurrection in St. Domingo. Two of his vessels were then in one of the ports of the island ; and many of the planters placed their treasures in them for safety, but were afterward cut off with their entire families. About $50,000 worth of property, whose own ers could not be found, thus remained in Mr. Girard s hands. By his remarkable capacity for business and his strictness in money-matters he became one of the richest merchants in the country. During the prevalence of the yellow- fever in Phila. he not only made liberal dona tions of money, but performed in person the duties of physician and nurse. Having in 1812 purchased the building and much of the stock of the old U.S. Bank, he commenced business as a private banker. During the war of 1812, he took the whole of a govt. loan of $5,000,000. He contrib. liberally to all public improvements, and adorned the city of Phila. with many handsome buildings. Of his prop erty, amounting at his death to nearly 9 millions, comparatively little was bequeathed to his rda- G-IR 364 GKLJ lives. Besides large bequests to various public institutions, he gave to the city of Phila., for im provement of its streets, buildings, &c., $500,- 000 ; for the improvement of canal-navigation in Pa., $300,000. His principal bequest was the sum of $2,000,000, besides the residue of a certain portion of his estate, together with a plot of ground in Phila., for the erection and support of a coll. for orphans. It was opened Jan. 1, 1848. The main building is the finest specimen of Grecian architecture in America. By a provision of his will, no ecclesiastic, mis sionary, or minister, of any sect whatever, is to hold any connection with the coll., or be adm. to the premises even as a visitor ; but the offi cers of the institution are required to instruct the pupils in the purest principles of morality, and leave them to adopt their own religious opinions. See Life by S. Simpson, 12mo, Phila. 1832. Girardin, L. H., app. prof, of mod. lan guages of Wm. and Mary Coll. in 1803 ; wrote a continuation of Burke s "Hist, of Virginia." He afterward pub. in the Gleaner, a Richmond periodical, a long Latin poem, " Maiomachia Sive Duello." Gird, HENRY H., scholar, b. N.Y. 1801 ; d. N. Orleans, June 1, 1845. West Point, 1822. Assist, instructor inf. tactics at West Point, 1822-4; adj. there 1824-7; resigned Nov. 1829 ; prof, mathematics and nat. philos. La. Coll. 1829-43 ; pres. of the coll. 1831-42; in the U.S. mint, N. Orleans, 1843-5. Gist, MORDECAI, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Baltimore, Md., 1743 ; d. Charleston, S.C., Sept. 2, 1792. His ancestors were early emi grants to Md. He was a merchant at the breaking-out of the Revol. ; was capt. of the first corps raised in Md. ; major, Jan. 1776, of Smallwood s batt. ; he com. the regt. at the battle of Long Island, Aug. 1776, in the ab sence of its col. and lieut.-col.; promoted to col. in 1777 ; he was in the battle of German- town in Sept. of that year ; was made brig.- gen. in Jan. 1779, and with his brave Mary- landers bore the brunt of the disastrous battle of Camden in 1 780. Present at the surrender of Cornwallis. After the war, he resided on his plantation near Charleston. His tall and graceful figure, symmetrical proportions, great strength, and expressive features, lighted by eyes of singular brightness, indicated the chivalry of his character. Gladden, ADLEY H., gen. C.S.A., b. S.C. ; mortally wounded at the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Major in Col. Butler s Pal metto regt. of S. C. vols. in the Mexican war, and became lieut.-col. and commander of the regt. at Churubusco, where both his superior officers were killed. He was severely wounded in the conflict at the Belen Gate. App. in 1861 brig.-gen. in the Southern army; he was assigned a brigade in Withers s division of Bragg s corps; was wounded on the first day of the battle of Shiloh, and died soon afterward. Gladwin, HENRY, a Brit, maj.-gen.; d. Stubbing, near Chesterfield, Derby, Eng., June 22, 1791. He became a licut. in the 48th Foot, Aug. 28, 1753 ; was wounded in the expcd. of Braddock, 1755 ; capt. in the 80th, Dec. 25, 1757; major of that regt. June 20, 1759 ; was next dep. adj.-gen. in Amer. (which post h<? filled until 1780), and served with great dis tinction during the war. His gallant defence of Detroit against Pontiac was rewarded by promotion to lieut.-col. Sept. 17, 1763; col. Aug. 29, 1777; and maj.-gen. Sept. 26, 1782. O Callaghan. Glasson, JOHN J., commo. U.S.N., b. N.Y. City. Midshipm.Feb.1,1823; lieut. Feb. 9, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; commo. Sept. 28, 1866. Served under Com. Porter in the suppression of piracy in the W. Indies in 1823; com. schooner "Falcon" at capture of Vera Cruz; relieved a French vessel, " L Asie," from peril off the coast of Yucatan ; com. store- ship " Lexington " in Perry s Japan exped. 1853-4; com. Norfolk Navy- Yard, 1864-6. Ret. 1 Oct. ISU.Hamersly. Gleig, GEORGE ROBERT, author and clergyman, b. Stirling, Scotland, 20 Apr. 1796. Son of Bishop G., and educated at Oxford. He entered the British army in 1812; served under Wellington in the Peninsular war, and in America at Baltimore, Washington, andN. Orleans, and was wounded in the battle of Bladensburg. He pub. " Life of the Duke of Wellington," " The Subaltern in America," and " Campaigns of Washington and New Or leans." He afterward took orders ; was chap lain of Chelsea Hospital for some time, and was made chaplain-gen, to the forces in 1846. One of the most voluminous authors of the day. Glen, JAMES, gov. of S.C. from Jan. 1744 to 1755. Near the close of his admin istration, he concluded a treaty with the Cherokees in their own country, by which a large extent of territory was ceded to the king, contributing greatly to the interest and safety of the colony. He pub. " A Description of S.C.," 8vo, Lond. 1761. Glentworth, GEORGE, physician and surgeon, b. Phila. July 22, 1735 ; d. there Nov. 4, 1792. U. of Edinburgh, 1758. He was a surgeon in the Brit, army during the last French war in America. In 1777 he relin quished his extensive practice, and became surgeon of a regt. ; afterward senior surgeon in the Amer. army; and subsequently di rector-gen, of hospitals for the middle division. Gliddon, GEORGE ROBINS, archaeologist, b. Devonshire, Eng., 1809; d. Panama, N.G., Nov. 16, 1857. He passed a large part of his life in Egypt, where he succeeded his father as U.S. consul, exploring the ruins of the country, and made valuable contribs. to learning, both by lectures and publications. After leaving Egypt, he came to the U.S., and lectured at Boston, New York, and Phila. on Egyptian antiquities. He pub. " An Essay on the Pro duction of Cotton in the Valley of the Nile ; " " An Appeal to Europe against the Destruction of Egyptian Monuments by Mehemet Ali," 1841 ; " Discourses on Egyptian Archaeology," 1841; "Otia ^Egyptiaca," 1849; "Ancient Egypt," 1850; "Indigenous Races of the Earth," also partly written by Dr. Nott and others, 1857; "Review of the American in Egypt," from the N.Y. World, Aug. 6, 1842. One of his latest works was "The Types c* Mankind/ 1854, which he prepared in con 365 G-OD nection with Dr. Nott of Mobile. At the time of his death, he was connected with the Hon duras Inter-oceanic Railroad Co. Glisson, OLIVER S., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Ohio, Jan. 18, 1809. Midshipman Nov. 1, 1826; lieut. Feb. 9, 1837; command. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; comrno. July 25, 1866; rear-adm. 6 July, 1870. Com. schooner " Reefer/ home squadron, during the Mexican war, 1847; steam-frigate "Pow- hatan," E.I. squadron, Japan exped., 1853-5 ; com. steamer "Mount Vernon," N. Atl. block, squad., 1861; steam-sloop "Iroquois," West Gulf squad., 1862 ; steam-sloop " Mohi can," 186u-4; steamer "Santiago de Cuba," 1834-5 ; and in the two attacks on Fort Fisher, Dec. 1864 and Jan. 1865; com. naval station, League Island, Pcnn., 1867-70. Ret. 1 8 Jan. 1871. Hamersltj. Glover, JOHN, brig. -gen. Revol. army, b. Salem, Nov. 5, 1732; d. Marblehead, Jan. 30, *797. Diminutive in person, he was active and energetic, and possessed considerable military ability. At the outset of the war he raised 1,000 men of Marblehead, and joined the army at Cambridge, where he was of great service in organizing and disciplining the troops. The regt. he com. first numbered the 21st, afterward the 14th, was one of the first raised, as well as one of the best in the Con tinental army. At the retreat from Long Island, this " amphibious " regt. manned the boats, and brought the en tire army off in safety. It also led the advance in crossing the Del. on the memorable night before the victory of Trenton. Made brig.-gen. Feb. 21, 1777; joined Schuyler in July ; did good service in the campaign against Burgoyne, and conducted the captive army to Cambridge. He joined Greene s division in N.J. in 1778, and was de tached to R.I. under Sullivan. Ordered to Ms. in 1780 to superintend the drafts from that State. See Memoir by William P. Up- ham, Salem, 1863. Goddard, CALVIN, judge, b. Shrewsbury, Ms., July 17, 1768; d. Norwich, May 2, 1842. Dartm. Coll. 1786. He passed two years as a teacher in the Plainfield Acad ; commenced the practice of law there in Nov. 1790, and, aided by a commanding person and a graceful elocution, became disting. in his profession. He was often a member of the State legisl. ; was in 1799 and 1800 speaker of the lower house; M.C. 1801-5; member of the State council from 1808 to 1815 ; was States atty. for New London Co. for 5 years; 17 years mayor of Norwich, whither he removed in 1807; member of the Hartford Convention in 1814; and in 1815-18 was judge of the Su preme Court of Ct. Goddard, PAUL B., M.D., b. Baltimore, Jan. 26, 1811. Wash. Coll. 1828. Author of " Anatomy, &c., of the Teeth," 4to, 1 844 ; " On the Arteries ; " " On the Nerves ; " editor of "Wilson s Anatomy;" " vVilson s Dis sector;" " Moreau s Midwifery," 8vo, 1844; 11 Ricord on Syphilis," 8vo, 1851 ; " The Icono- graphic Portion of Rayer on the Skin," 1845 ; "Ashwcll on Diseases of Females," 8vo, 1850. Alii bone. Goddard, WILLIAM, printer, son of Giles G., physician and postmaster at N. London. Ct., b. 1740; d. Providence, R. I., Dec. 23, 1817. Oct. 20, 1762, he established the first printing-press at Providence, where he com menced the Gazette ; was soon afterwards one of the publishers of the N. Y. Gazette and Post- Boy; removed to Phila. in 1766, where, with Galloway and Wharton, he pub. the Pennsylva nia Chronicle, and in 1773 went to Baltimore, and started the Maryland Journal. He was ac tive in organizing the post-office, and was app. by Franklin, in 1775, surveyor of roads, and comptroller. In 1792 he sold his press, and retired to a farm in Johnston, R. I., but subse quently resided in Providence. His friend, Gen. Charles Lee, bequeathed him a portion of his extensive landed estate in Va. He pub. a Hist, of the Pa. Chronicle, 1770. Thomas s Hist, of Printing. Goddard, WILLIAM GILES, prof, of mor al philos. and metaphys. at Brown U. 1825- 34, and of rhetoric and belles-lettres 1834-42. Editor and prop. R. I. American, 1814-25; b. Johnston, R. I., Jan. 2, 1794 ; d. Providence, Feb. 16, 1846. Brown U. 1812. Son of \Vm., editor. He had been a member of the R. I. legisl. His miscellaneous writings were edited and pub. by his son, F. W. Goddard, 2 vols. 8vo, 1870. Godfrey, THOMAS, inventor of the quad- rant commonly called Hadley s, b. Phila. ; d. Dec. 1749. He was by trade a glazier. By his own unaided efforts, he mastered such math ematical treatises as came in his way, and after wards learned Latin that he might acquaint himself with the mathematical works in that language. He borrowed Newton s " Princi- pia " of Sec. James Logan, to whom, ab. the year 1730, Godfrey communicated the improve ment he had made in Davis s quadrant, by which he was so much struck, that in May, 1732, he addressed a letter to Dr. Edmund Halley in Eng., describing fully the construc tion and uses of Godfrey s instrument. No notice, however, was taken of it by Halley ; and, after an interval of a year and a half, Lo gan transmitted a copy of the letter, together with Godfrey s account of his invention, to Peter Collinson, engaging him to place them before the Royal Society. This was according ly done ; but Mr. Had ley, the vice-pres. of the societv, had already presented there a paper, dated May 13, 1731, and inserted in " The Phil os. Transactions " for that year, describing a reflecting quadrant of the same character, which he claimed as his invention. It was decided that both were entitled to the hon or of the invention ; and the society sent to Godfrey, as a reward, household furniture to the value of 200, instead of money, on ac count of his habits of intemperance. Godfrey, THOMAS, poet, son of the pre ceding, b. Phila. 1736; d. Aug. 3, 1763, near Wilmington, N.C. Abandoning the trade of his father, as well as that of watchmaking, to which he had been apprenticed, he obtained a lieutenancy in the provincial troops raised in 1758 for an exped. a^aiiist Fort Duquesne, and afterward established himself as a factor in N.C. His early productions in the American Magazine, pub. at Phila., manifested cor sidera- 363 G-OI ble poetic talent. His principal poem is the " Court of Fancy ; " and, among his minor pieces, his " Epistle from Fort Henry," and several of his pastorals and elegies, evince taste and culture : but his principal claim to distinc tion is the fact that he was the author of the first American drama, " The Prince of Par- thia," a tragedy. His poetical writings were pub. in Phila. in 1765, with a biog^. preface by N. Evans ; also an anonymous critical analysis of the poems, written by Dr. Wm. Smith, 4to, 224 pp. Godman, JOHN D., anatomist and natu ralist, b. Annapolis, Md., Dec. 30, 1794; d. Germantown, Pa., Apr. 17, 1830. Losing his parents at an early age, he was apprenticed to a printer in Baltimore. In the autumn of 1814, he entered as a sailor on board the flotil la stationed in Chesapeake Bay. At the close of the war, he studied medicine in Baltimore with Dr. Davidge, and was chosen to fill the place of his preceptor, who was prof, of anat omy in the U. of Md. while the latter was disabled by sickness. After obtaining his de gree in Feb. 1818, he practised successively in New Holland, Pa., Anne Arundel Co., Md., in Baltimore, and Phila. In Oct. 1821, he re moved to Cincinnati, where he commenced a medical periodical, projected by Dr. Drake, entitled the Western Quarterly Reporter, of which 6 numbers were issued. In 1822 he settled in Phila. as a physician, and private teacher of anatomy, and was some time assist, editor of Dr. Chapman s Medical Journal. He pub. in 1826 his popular " Natural History of American Quadrupeds," in 3 vols. 8vo. In 1826 he became prof, of anatomy in Rutgers Med. Coll., N.Y. His practice as a surgeon was extensive, and the coll. flourished ; but, during his second course of lectures, a severe illness obliged him to relinquish his pursuits, and he removed in 1829 to Germantown, Pa., where he d. He wrote the articles on natu ral history for the Amer. Encyclopedia to the end of the letter C. Contrib. to the Amer. Quarterly Review, besides numerous papers in the periodical journals of the day. He pub. " Rambles of a Naturalist," " Account of Ir regularities of Structure and Morbid Anato my;" " Contributions to Physiological and Pathological Anatomy ; " " Bell s Anatomy," with notes ; a translation of Levasseur s " Account of Lafayette s Progress through the U.S.;" "Anatomical Investigations," 1824; addresses on various public occasions. T. G, Richardson, in Gross s Med. Biog. Godon, SYLVANUS W., rear-ad m. U.S.N., b. Pa. June 18, 1809. Midshipm. Mar. 1, 1819; lieut. Dec. 17, 1836; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. Jan. 2, 1863; rear-adm. July 25, 1866. He was at tached to the bomb brig " Vesuvius " at the siege of Vera Cruz in 1847 ; was executive officer of steamer " Susquehanna," E. I. squad., 1851-3; com. sloop-of-war "Powhatan" in Dupont s exped. to Port Royal ; and com. "The Susquehanna "and the fourth division of Porter s iloet at the twc battles of Fort Fisher in Dec. 1864 and Jan. 1865 ; com. S.A. squad., coast of Brazil, 1866-7 ; N.Y. navy-yard, 1868-70; retired 18 June, l&l. Hamersly, Godwin, PARKE, journalist and author, b. Paterson, N.J., Feb. 25, 1816. N.J. Coll. 1834. His father was an officer in the war of 1812, and his grandfather a soldier of the Revol. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar of Ky., but did not practise. From 1837 to 1853, excepting one year, he was the co-ad- jutor of his father-in-law, William C. Bryant, on the Evening Post. In 1843 he issued the Pathfinder, a weekly periodical, discontinued at the end of 3 months. He contrib. many articles to the Democ. Review, in which he first advocated the important reforms afterward carried out in the constitution and code of N.Y. He has translated from the German Zschokke s Tales, and the first part of Goethe s Autobiography. Author of " A Popular Vie v of the Doctrines of Charles Fourier," 1844; " Constructive Democracy ; " " Vala, a My thological Tale," founded on incidents in the life of Jenny Lind, 1851 ; and "A Handbook of Universal Biog.," 1851. Editor of Putnam s Monthly, to which he contrib. many literary and political articles. The latter were pub. ia 1858 in a separate vol. In 1860 he pub. the first vol. of " A History of France," embracing "Ancient Gaul," terminating with the era of Charlemagne. In 1865 he was again assoc. with Mr. Bryant in the editorship of the JV. Y. Evening Post. He is understood to be engaged on a book to be entitled " The History and Organization of Labor ; " and another, " The Nineteenth Century, with its Leading Men and Movements." He has also promised a book of travels, " A "Winter Harvest," the result of a visit to Europe. Under Polk s presidency he was dep. coll. of N.Y., but was subseq. a Re publican, serving the party with tongue and pen. A new ed. of the " Cyclopaedia of Biography " was issued in 1865; " Out of the Past" (crit ical and literary essays), in 1870. Duyckinck. GofFe, WILLIAM, maj.-gen. under Crom well, and a regicide, b. ab. 1605 ; d. Had ley, Ms., 1679. He was a fervent Puritan, a de voted adherent of Cromwell, and one of the best officers of the Parliamentary army. He left London before the Restoration, and with his father-in-law, Gen. Whalley, arrived in Boston, July, 1660. Well received by Gov. Endecott, they resided at Cambridge till Feb. 1661, when, learning that they were not in cluded in the act of indemnity, they removed to N. Haven, and were secreted by Dep.- Governor Leet and Mr. Davenport. They afterwards lived in a cave at West Rock, and in the neighboring towns, eluding their pursuers by removing from house to house, living in mills, in the clefts of rocks on the sea shore, and in forest-caves ; but in Oct. 1 664 removed to Hadley, and were concealed 15 years in the house of Rev. Mr. Russel. When the Indians attacked that town, Sept. 1, 1675, GofFe, placing himself at the head of the towns people, attacked and repulsed f hem. He im mediately disappeared , and the astonished in habitants, to whom he was unknown, regarded him as an angel sent for their deliverance. Goicouria, GEN. DOMINGO DE, a Cuban revolutionist, b. Cuba, 1799; garroted at Ha vana, 7 May, 1870. Driven from Cuba nearly thirty years before for his liberal views, he oor, 367 GOO made his home in Mpi., whence he co-operated in the filibustering expeds. of Lopez in 1849- 52 ; that of Quitman, which was abandoned ; and that of Walker against Nicaragua. Prom inent in the late Cuban revol., and manager of expeds. from the U.S., in an evil hour he vi&ited the insurgent camp, was made prisoner, cruelly treated, and executed the next clay. Goldsborough, CHARLES W., gov. of Md. in 1818-19, and M.C. 1805-17; d. Shoal Creek, Md., Dec. 13, 1834. Lanman. Goldsborough, CHARLES \V., chief of the bureau of provisions and clothing of the navy dept., b. Cambridge, Md., April 18, 1779 ; d. Washington, D.C., Dec. 14, 1843. Chief clerk of the navy dept. under Stoddert, Smith, and Hamilton ; succeeded Paulding as sec. of the naval board until separate bureaus were established. Author of " U. S. Naval Chronicle," 8vo, 1824. Goldsborough, JOHN R.,commo.U.S.N., b. Washington, D.C., July 2, 1808. Midshipm. Nov. 6, 1824; lieut. Sept" 6, 1837 ; com. Sept. 14, 1865; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. April 13, 1867; ret. 2 July, 1870. While in the sloop " Warren," Mediterranean squad., 1824- 30, was engaged against the Greek pirates, capturing, in a launch with 18 men, the pirate schooner " Helene," of 4 guns and 58 men ; at tached to coast-survey, 1844-50; sloop " Sarato ga," E.I. squad. 1 851-4 ; com. steamer " Union," 1861; blockading off Charleston, Savannah, and Cape Hatteras, and in Potomac flotilla; captured and sunk the rebel piratical schooner " York," and bombarded a rebel fort off Mathias Point, Potomac Eiver ; com. steamer " Florida," S. Atl. block, squad., 1862 ; steam- frigate " Colorado," W. Gulf block, squad., 1863 ; steam-sloop " Shenandoah," E.I. squad., 1 866-8. Hamersly. Goldsborough, Louis MALESHERBES, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Washington, D.C., Feb. 18, 1805. Son of Charles W., gov. of Md. Midshipm. June 18, 1812; lieut. Jan. 13, 1825. Obtaining leave of absence, he passed some time in study at Paris, and in 1827 joined the " North Carolina," Capt. Rodgers, in the Mediterranean. While cruising in the schoon er " Porpoise " in the Grecian Archipelago, Lieut. G., with 35 officers and men, in the schooner s boats, captured a pirate vessel, after killing 90 of the pirate crew. In 1833 he re moved to Fla., taking with him a colony of Germans to cultivate lands belonging to his father-in-law, William Wirt. During the Seminole war he com. a company of mounted vols. and also an armed steamer. Sept. 8, 1841, he was promoted to be commander. He was second in command of the " Ohio " at the bombardment of Vera Cruz ; com. a body of the " Ohio s " crew detailed for shore ser vice at the taking of Tuspan ; and, after the Mexican war, was senior naval member of the joint commission of army and navy officers to explore California and Oregon, and report on various military matters. Sept. 14, 1855, he became capt. ; supt. U.S. Naval Acad. at Annapolis, 1853-7; in Aug. 1861 he was app. flag-officer, and placed in com. of the N. A. block, squad, in " The Minnesota." With Gen. Burnside, he com. the joint exped. to the sounds of N.C., and, for his services in the capture of Roanoke Island, received the thanks of Congress. He disperaed and de stroyed the Confederate fleet under Com. Lynch in the N.C. waters. Rcar-adm. July 16, 1862; com. European squadron, 1865-7. In 1862 he prepared a, code of regulations for the naval service ;d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 20, 77. Goldsborough, ROBERT, atty.-gen. of Md. until 1768; a delegate to the first Cont. Congress in 1774-5; d. Cambridge, Md., Dec. 31, 1788. Phila. Coll. 1760. Gomara (go-ma -ra), FRANCISCO LOPEZ DE, b. Seville, 1510; d. ab. 1560. Author of " Cronica do la Nueva Espana," 1553. written in concise and elegant language. Gooch, SIR WILLIAM, gov. of Va. 1727- 49, b. Yarmouth, Eng., Oct. 21, 1681 ; d. Dec. 17, 1751. He was an officer of superior mili tary talents ; served under Marlborough and in the rebellion of 1715 ; and in 1740 com. in the unsuccessful attack on Carthagcna, where his wounds and the climate greatly impaired his health. He was app. a brig.-gen. in 1746 in the army raised for the invasion of Canada, but declined the office ; was the same year created a bart. ; in 1747 a maj.-gen. ; and re turned to Eng. in Aug. 1749. It was said oi him that he was the only gov. abroad against Avhom inhabitant or merchant never com plained. Betham. Goodell, WILLIAM, D. D. (Ham. Coll. 1854), missionary, b. Templeton, Ms., Feb. 14, 1792; d. Phila. Feb. 18, 1867. Dartm. Coll. 1817 ; And. Theol. Sem. 1820. He labored as a missionary among the Cherokees and Choc- taws ; was ord. Sept. 12, 1822; was stationed at Beirout 5 years, passing through great perils ; removed to Constantinople in 1831, narrowly escaping with life from a great conflagration there; and was obliged, from pestilence, perse cutions, &c., to pack up and move his residence 33 times in 29 years. In Nov. 1841, he fin ished translating the Old Testament into the Armeno-Turkish language, and the New two years later. He revised this labor, completing it in Feb. 1863, and returned to the U.S. in 1865. His "Reminiscences of the Missiona ry s Early Life " was pub. in the N. Y. Observer. GoodenOW, JOHN M., b. Ms. ; d. Steuben- ville, O. An early settler in Jefferson Co., O.; served in the legisl., and held other offices ; M.C. 1829-31 ; judge Supreme Court 1831-2. He had a large practice at the bar. He pub. in 1819 "American Jurisprudence in Contrast with the Doctrine of Eng. Common Law." A. T. Goodman. Goodhue, BENJAMIN, merchant and poli tician, b. Salem, Ms., Oct. 1, 1748 ; d. there Ju ly 28, 1814. H. U. 1766. State senator from 1784 to 1789 ; M.C. 1789-91, and, assisted by Mr. Fitzsimmons of Phila., formed a code of revenue laws, the majority of which have never been abrogated; U.S. senator 1796-1800. Goodrich, REV. CHARLES AUGUSTUS, au thor, b. Ridgefield, Ct., 1790; d. Hartford, Ct., Jan. 4, 1862. Yale Coll. 1812. Son of Rev. Samuel, and elder brother of Samuel G., with whom he was associated in preparing his books for the young. Ord. in 1816, he was pastor of the 1st Cong. Church, Worcester, in 1816-20, GOO 368 GOO thon settled in Berlin, and in 1848 at Hartford. He was once a member of the State senate. He devoted himself to literary pursuits, wrote " The Lives of the Signers," a school " History of the U. S.," " Universal Traveller," and "Bible History of Prayer;" "Family Tour ist," 1848 ; " Great Events of American His tory ; " "View of all Religions," 8vo, 1829 ; " Family Encyclopaedia ; " " Outlines of Ge ography," and " Family Sabbath Day Miscel- lanv," 8vo, 1855. drOOdrich, CHARLES RUSH, of Flushing, L.I. ; d. 1855. Y. Coll. 1849. A chemist and naturalist of great attainments ; pub. " The World of Science, Art, and Industry, edited by B. Silliman and C. R. G. ; " " Practical Science and Mechanism Illustrated," 4to, 1854. Alli- bone. Goodrich, CHADNCEY ALLEN, D.D. (Brown U. 1835), theologian and lexicogra pher. Son of Elizur; b. N. Haven, Oct. 23, 1790; d. there Feb. 25, 1860. Y. Coll. 1810. Tutor there 1812-14; studied theology; was settled at Middletown 1816-17, but left from ill health. Prof, of rhetoric at Y.C. 1817-39, afterward prof, of the pastoral charge. While tutor, he pub. a Greek grammar, which went through many editions; in 1832 his "Latin and Greek Lessons;" in 1829 he established the Ch.-istlan Quarterly Spectator, of which he was sole editor until about 1836. In 1852 he pub. a compilation entitled " Select British Eloquence." In 1828 Dr. Noah Webster (his father-in-law) intrusted to him the superintend ence of the abridgment of his large diction ary by J. E. Worcester, with discretionary power to conform the orthography more nearly to the common standard. His revised editions of Webster s Dictionaries were issued in 1847, the University edition in 1856, and in 1859 the supplement enriched with an elaborate collec tion of synonymes. At the time of his death, he was engaged on a radical revision of Web ster s Dictionary, which was pub. in 1864. He was one of the largest pecuniary benefactors of the theol. dept. of Y. C. In 1 820 he was chosen pres. of Wms. Coll., but declined. A commemorative discourse, by Pres. Woolsey, has been pub. in pamphlet form, N. Haven, 1860. Duyckinck. Goodrich, ELIZUR, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1783), clergyman and scholar, b. Wethersfield, Ct., Oct. 26, 1734; d. Norfolk, Ct., Nov. 21, 1797. Y.C. 1752, and tutor there in 1755. A descendant of Wm., one of the first settlers of Wethersfield, who came from Watertown about 1636, and d. in 1676. From his ord. in Nov. 1756, till his death, he was minister of the Cong, church in Durham. Fond of mathematics and astronomy, he calculated the eclipses of each successive year ; and, when the aurora bo- realis of 1780 appeared, he drew up a full and accurate account of it. He pub. several ser mons. Goodrich, ELIZUR, LL.D. (Y.C. 1830), jurist, b. Durham, March 24, 1761 ; d. New Haven, Nov. 1, 1849. Y.C. 1779. Son of the preceding. Was tutor at Yale 2 years ; en tered on the practice of law in New Haven in 1783; was M.C. 1799-1801; judge of the County Court 12 years ; was a judge of probate 17 years; was 9 years prof, of law in Y.C. and" mayor of New Haven 1803-22. Prof. Chauncey Allen Goodrich was his son. Goodrich, FRANK BOOT, author, sen of S.G.,b. Boston, Dec. 14, 1826. H.U. 1845. He corresponded from Paris with the N.Y. Times, under the name of " Dick Tinto," for some years ; and his letters, entitled " Tricolored Sketches of Paris," were pub. N.Y. 1854. He has since pub. the " Court Napoleon, with Portraits of its Beauties, Wits, and Heroines," N.Y. 1857; "Man upon the Sea, or a His tory of Maritime Adventure, Exploration, and Discovery," Phila. 1858; and an illustrated vol. entitled " Women of Beauty and Hero ism," N.Y. 1859. Goodrich, SAMUEL GRISWOLD ("Peter Parley"), author, bro. of Charles Augustus, b. Ridgefield, Ct., Aug. 19, 1793; d. N.Y. City, May 9, 1860. He established himself in business as a publisher, in Hartford, in 1824, but soon removed to Boston; from 1828 to 1842 he edited "The Token;" from 1827 to 1857 he pub. tales under the name of " Peter Parley." He pub. many vols. of historical and geographical school-books; volumes of poems in 1836 and 51 ; in 1857 " Recollections of a Lifetime, or Men and Things that I have seen; "in 1838 a vol. of counsels to parents, entitled " Fireside Education ; "in 1841 a selec tion from his contribs. to annuals and maga zines, entitled " Sketches from a Student s Win dow ; " " History of all Nations," 2 vols. 8vo. He established Merry s Museum and Parley s Mag., and edited it from 1841 to 1854. Of 170 volumes written or edited bv him, 116 of which bear the name of Peter Parley, ab. 7,000,000 copies have been sold. He was at one time in the senate of Ms., and was consul at Paris during Fillmore s administration. While at Paris, he pub. in French a treatise on Amer. geography and history. On his return, he pre pared an elaborate illustrated " History of the Animal Kingdom," 2 vols. 1859. He had crossed the Atlantic 16 times. Goodwin, ICHABOD, b. S. Berwick, Me., May 25, 1743 ; d. there May 25, 1829. Thos., his grandfather, came over in 1660, and settled in Berwick. His father, Ichabod, b. 1700, was a member of the Gen. Court in 1754, was a capt., and was wounded at Ticonderoga in 1758. His son, whoaccomp. him in this exped., became an active Whig ; was a member of the Prov. Congress in 1775-7 ; lieut.-col. of Gerrish s York Co. regt., having charge of the Saratoga prisoners ; maj.-gen. of militia, 1783- 1815; member of the Gen. Court in 1792, and sheriff of York Co. 1793-1820. Gov. Ich abod of N.H. (1860-1) is a nephew. Goodwin, ISAAC, lawyer, b. Plymouth, Ms., 1786; d. Worcester, Sept. 16, 1832. He studied law in the office of Judge Thomas of Plymouth : settled first in Sterling, and in 1826 in Worcester. He pub. "The Town Officer," a work on the duties uf sheriffs, coroners, and constables; was a councillor of the Amer. Antiquarian Society, and was well informed in the antiquities of N. England. Author of " History of the Town of Sterling." N.E. Mag. iii., 349. Goodwin, JOHN NOBLE, b. S, Berwick. G-OO 309 G-OK Me., Oct. 18, 1824. Dartra. Coll. 1844. Be gan practice of law at S. Berwick in 1848; was a State senator in 1854; M.C. 1861-3; chief justice of Arizona Territory 1863; gov. from Aug. 1863 to Sept. 1865 ; its delegate to Congress 1865-7. Goodwin, NATHANIEL, genealogist, b. Hartford, Mar. 5, 1782 ; d. there May 29, 1855. Descended from Ozias, one of the first settlers of H., who d. 1683, a. 87. He was apprenticed to a printer in Albany, and was a teacher and a land-surveyor. At Hartford he was many years treasurer, judge of probate, and clerk; was much employed in the settlement of intestate estates; and" was a man of great probity. He pub. an account of the "Descendants of Thos. Olcott," " The Foote Family," and " Genea logical Notes of Some of the First Settlers of Ct. and Ms.," 1856, to which a Memoir is pre fixed. Goodyear, CHARLES, inventor, b. New Haven, Ct., Dec. 29, 1800; d. N.Y. City, July 1, 1860. He attended a public school, and as sisted his father in the manufacture of hard ware. His early experiments in the manufac ture of india-rubber were carried on at New Haven, Roxbury, Lynn, Boston, and Woburn, Ms., and N.Y. City. His first important dis covery was in 1836, being a method of treating the surface of native rubber by dipping it into a preparation of nitric acid. This process was used extensively in the manufacture of shoes, until it was superseded by his discovery of the superior method of vulcanization, ab. Jan. 1839. This process soon occupied his whole attention. His patents were more than 60 in number. His first vulcanization patent was issued in France, Apr. 1 6, 1 844. He had bef. his death, in an advanced stage of preparation, a vol. upon India-Rubber and Vulcanization. Goodyear obtained the great council medal of the Exhibition of all Nations at Lond. in 1851; the grand medal of the World s Exhibition at Paris, and the ribbon of the Legion of Honor, presented by Napoleon III. in 1855, returning to the U.S. in 1858. " He lived to see his ma terial applied to nearly 500 uses, and to give employment in Eng., France, Germany, and the U.S., to 60,000 persons." See B. K. Pierce, Trials of an Inventor, N.Y. 1866 ; Parton s Famous Americans, 1867. Gookin, DANIEL, soldier and author, b. Kent, Eng.. ab. 1612; d. Cambridge, Ms., Mar. 19, 1687. He came with his father to Va. in 1621. During the terrible Indian massacre of Mar. 1622, Gookin, with 35 men, held his plantation, now Newport News, against the savages. In May, 1644, in conse quence of his sympathy with the Puritans, he settled in Ms. ; was soon after app. a capt. of militia; member from Cambridge of the house of deputies ; speaker in 1651 ; and in 1652 was chosen assist, or magistrate. In 1656 he be came supt. of all the Indians who had submit ted to the govt. of Ms., and became unpopular for the protection, which, as a magistrate, he extended to the Indians. He visited Eng. in 1656, and was authorized by Cromwell to invite the people of N Eng. to colonize Jamaica. He went there again in 1657. Returning in 1660 with the fugitive regicides Goffe and 24 Whalley, he protected them in 1661 ; was one of the licensers of the Cambridge printing- press in 1662; and in 1681 was made maj.- gen. of the Colony. He took an active part on the side of the people against the meas ures which terminated in the withdrawal of the Colonial charter in 1686. He d. so poor, that John Eliot solicited from Robert Boyle a gift of 10 for his widow. His " Historical Collections of the Indians of Ms.," written in 1674, was pub. by the Ms. Hist. So ciety in 1792 ; also author of a "Hist, of New England," never pub., the fate of which is un known. Gordon, GEORGE HENRY, lawyer and sol dier, b. Chariest., Ms., 1 9 July, 1 825. West Pt. 1846. Entering the mounted rifles, he served under Gen. Scott in the Mexican war, and was brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Cerro Gordo, where he was severely wounded. Made 1st lieut. in 1853, he resigned in 1854; entered the Cam bridge Law School ; was adm. to the bar ; prac tised in Boston until 1861, when he raised the 2d Ms. vols., was made col., and was made mil itary gov. of Harper s Ferry. In 1862 he com. a brigade under Gen. Banks, and, for his conduct in the retreat from Strasburg to Wil- liamsport, was made brig.-gen. of vols. June 9, 1862. He was at the second battle of Bull Run, and at Antietam fought with his brigade in Gen. A. S. Williams s division of Mansfield s corps; engaged in operations ab. Charleston harbor, Aug. 1863 to Apr. 1864; against Mo bile in Aug. 1864; and brev. maj. -gen. vols. 9 Apr. 1 865 for merit, services. Counsellor at law in Boston since 1865; now U.S. collector 7th dist. Cullum. Gordon, SIR JAMES ALEXANDER, a Brit, adm. ; d. gov. of Greenwich Hospital, 8 Jan. 1869, a. 87. Entering the navy in 1798, he became fleet-adm. in 1868; gov. of Gr. Hosp. 1853. He was in the battle of the Nile, the battle of Lissa, for which he received a gold medal and a pension ; lost a leg in the capture of the French frigate " La Pomone ; " in Aug. 1814 com. the squad, which entered the Poto mac, and captured Alexandria, D.C.; and was in the operations against N. Orleans 1814-15. Gordon, REV. JAMES BENTLEY, author of " An Hist, and Geog. Memoir of the N. Amer. Continent, its Nations and Tribes, with an Acct. of his Life, by Thomas Jones," Dub lin, 4to, 1820. Gordon, PATRICK, gov. of Pa. from June, 1726, to his d. Phila. Aug. 5, 1736, a. 72. He was bred to arms, and served from his youth to near the close of Queen Anne s reign with a high reputation, and was a popular gov. He pub. " Two Indian Treaties at Conestogoe, 1728," Phila. fol. 1728. Gordon, THOMAS, b. Pitlochie, Scotland ; d. Amboy, N. J., 1722. He came to N. J. in 1684, and settled at Scotch Plains. Atty.-gen. of E. Jersey, 1698; chief sec. and register 1702; licensed as an attorney in 1704; rep resentative and speaker of the assembly ; app. chief justice in 1709 ; and was afterward receiv er-gen, and treasurer of the Province. Fields s Prov. Courts in N. J. Gordon, THOMAS F., historical and legal writer, b. Phila. 1787; d. Beverly, N.J., Jan 1 7, 0-OIR 370 18GO. Member of the Phila. bar, and author of " A Digest of the Laws of the U.S. ; " " His tory of Pa. to 1776," 1829; "History of N.J. to 1 789," 1834 ; " History of America," 1831 ; " Cabinet of American History ;" " History of Ancient Mexico," 1832 ; " Gaz. of N.J.," 18*34 ; " Gaz. of N.Y.," 8vo, 1836 ; and of Pa. 1839. Gordon, WILLIAM, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1778), clergyman and historian, b. Ilitchin, Eng., 1728; d. Ipswich, Eng., Oct. 19, 1807. lie was settled over a large Independent socie ty at Ipswich ; afterward at Old Gravel Lane, Wapping ; and came toAmer. in 1770. After preaching a year to the 3d Church in Rox- bury, he was ord. there July 6, 1772. During the Revol. he took an active part in public measures, and, while chaplain to the Prov. Congress of Ms., preached a Fast sermon, strongly expressing his political sentiments. He was dismissed from this post, as the legisl. regarded his prayers as intended rather to dictate their measures than to implore the divine direction on them. Returning to Eng. in 1786, he in 1788 pub. his " History of the Rise, Progress, and Establishment of "the In dependence of the U. S.," in 4 vols. 8vo, a minute and generally faithful narrative of facts. This work produced him 300 pounds. Its value, however, was impaired by the expur gation of such passages as might endanger prosecution. Subsequently settled ai St. Neot s, Huntingdonshire. The failure of his mental powers caused his resignation, and removal to his connections at Ipswich. He pub. a plan of a society for making provision for widows by life-annuities, 1772; the first anniversary ser mon after the Decl. of Indep. July 4, 1777 ; an abridgment of Edwards on "The Affections;" and a number of sermons. See Water houses Junius. Gore, CHRISTOPHER, LL.D. (H.U. 1809), gov. of Ms. in 1809, b. Boston, Sept. 21, 1758 ; d. Waltham,Mar. 1, 1827. H.U. 1776. Son of Capt. John Gore. He studied law with Judge Lowell, and soon acquired a lucrative practice. In 1789 he was app. by Washington the first U.S. atty. for the dist. of Ms.; which post he held until 1796, when he, with Wm. Pinckney, was app. commissioner under Jay s treaty to settle the Amer. claims upon Eng. for spolia tions. Left by Rufus King in 1802 chan/g d affaires, he in 1804 returned home. Was a member of both branches of the legisl., and U.S. senator in 1814-17. He made valuable bequests to the Amer. Acad. and the Hist. Soc., of which he was a member ; and he made Harv. Coll., of which institution he had been a fellow and trustee, his resid. legatee. He was for a time the legal tutor and adviser of Daniel Webster. He pub. a Masonic oration 1783. Gorges (gor -jSz), SIR FERDINANDO, of Ashton Phillips, Somerset Co., Eng., lord-pro prietary of the Province of Me. ; d. at an ad vanced age in 1647. He participated in the conspiracy of Essex, against whom he tes tified on his trial in 1601 ; served in the navy during the war with Spain ; and after the peace, in 1604, was app. gov. of Plymouth. In 1606 the London and the Plymouth Com panies were incorporated, between which was divided the territory extending 50 miles in land, from the 34th to the 45th parallel N. lat. His portion was styled North Virginia. He sent several unsuccessful expeditions, un der Capt. John Smith and others, to colonize this territory; but in 1616 sent Richard Vines with a party, which encamped on the River Saco through the winter; and in 1619-20 Capt. Dormer made the voyage. The Lond. Company, from whom the Pilgrims obtained their original patent, having incurred the re sentment of the king, Gorges and his associates obtained in 1620 an increase of territory ex tending westward from sea to sea, between the 40th and 48th parallels N. lat. With John Mason, he took grants of the district called Laconia, bounded by the Merrimac, the Ken- nebec, the ocean, and "the river of Canada; " and settlements were attempted. His son, Capt. Robert Gorges, was in 1623 app. by the council for N.E. "gen. gov. of the country." This council resigned its charter to the king in 1635. Sir F. obtained from the king a charter constituting him lord-proprietary of the Prov ince of Maine, with extraordinary govern mental powers; and sent his nephew Thomas to be dep.-gov. The province was divided into 2 counties, of which Agamcnticus (now York) and Saco were respectively the principal set tlements. On Gorges s death, the people re peatedly wrote to his heirs; but, as no answer was received, they formed themselves into a body politic, and submitted to the jurisdiction of Ms. The account of his connection with the settlement of N.E. is contained in the work of his grandson Fcrdinando. Gorges, FERDINANDO, of Westminster, son of John, and grandson of Sir Ferdinando, b. Loftas, Essex ; d. Jan. 25, 1718, a. 89. He m. Mary, eldest sister of Gov. John Archdale of S. C. He pub. " America Painted to the Life," Lond. 1659. In 1677 he sold to Ms. for 1,250 pounds his rights to the Prov. of Me. Gorham, BENJAMIN, lawyer, b. Charles- town, Ms., Feb. 13, 1775 ; d. Boston, Sept. 27, 1855. H.U. 1795. Son of Nathaniel, pres. of Congress. He studied law with Theophilus Parsons, and rose to eminence at the Boston bar. M.C. 1820-3, 1827-31, and 1833-5. He was afterwards, for a short time, member of the State legisl. Gorharn, JOHN, M.D., physician, b. Bos ton, Feb. 24, 1783; d. there March 29, 1829. H.U. 1801. He studied in Edinburgh; Avas made adjunct prof, of chemistry and materia mcdica at H.U. in 1809; and in 1815 prof, of chemistry and mineralogy. He pub. " Ele ments of Chemical Science," 2 vols. Svo, 1819 ; "Inaug. Address," 1817. Gorham, NATHANIEL, statesman, b. Charlestown, Ms., May 27, 1738; d. June 11, 1796. With a com. school education, lie set tled in business in his native town ; was its representative in 1771-5 ; delegate to the Prov. Congress, 1774-5; again a member of the legisl., and a member of the board of war from 1778 until its dissolution; a delegate to the State Const. Conv. in 1779; a delegate to the Old Congress in 1782-3 and in 1785-7, and chosen its pres. June 4, 1786; several years a judge of the C.C.P. In the convent GrOR Q7- GrOT tioii which framed the Federal Constitution he took high rank, and, when in com. of the whole, was called by Washington to fill the chair for 3 months. He afterward exerted a powerful influence in securing the adoption of the Constitution in the State Convention. In connection with Oliver Phelps, he purchased an immense tract of land on the Genesee River, now comprising 10 or 12 counties in the State of N. Y. Of this tract, his eldest son Nathaniel was a pioneer settler. He d. at Canandaigua, Oct22, 1826. Gorman, WILLIS ARNOLD, lawyer and scldier, b. near Flemingsburg, Ky., Jan. 12, 1814. He studied law, and in 1825 began practice at Bloomington, Ind. In 1837-8 he was clerk of the Ind. senate ; was several years in the State legisl., and, on the breaking-out of the Mexican war, became maj. 3d Ind. vols. At Bucna Vista he com. an independent batt. In 1847 he raised the 4th Ind. vols., which he com. in several battles ; and in 1848 was civil and military gov. of Puebla. He was a Democ. M.C. in 1849-53 ; and was gov. of Minnesota Terr, in 1853-7; member of its const, conv. in 1857; and practised law at St. Paul until in 1861 chosen col. 1st Minn. vols. App. brig.- gen. Sept. 7, 1861. He was in the battles of Bull s Bluff and West Point; led a bayonet charge at Fair Oaks, and had a brigade in Howard s division of the 2d corps at Antietam. Gorton, SAMUEL, the first settler of War wick, R.I., b. Groton, Eng., ab. 1600; d. R.I. Nov. or Dec. 1677. He had some education, and was a clothier in Lond. until 1636, when he embarked for Boston, where he remained until religious disputes caused him to remove to Plymouth. He there began to preach such peculiar doctrines, that he was banished from the Colony for heresy in the winter of 1637-8. He then with a few followers went to Aquidneck (R.I.), but was publicly whipped for calling the magistrates "just asses," and for other contemptuous acts, and ab. 1641 was forced to take refuge with Roger Williams at Providence. Becoming obnoxious here by involving him self in the disputes of the colonists on questions of boundary, he removed in Sept. 1642 to Shaw- omet, on the west side of Narragansett Ba} 7 , where he bought land of the sachem Mianto- nomo. In June, 1643, two inferior sachems contested his claim to the land, and applied to Boston for assistance. Forty soldiers were marched to Shawomet ; and Gorton and 10 of his followers taken prisoners to Boston, Oct. 13, where they were tried as " damnable here tics," and sentenced to confinement, and hard labor in irons. In March, 1644, they were re leased, and ordered to leave the colony. Gor ton went to Eng. for redress, and procured from the Earl of Warwick an order that his people should be allowed peaceable possession of their lands at Shawomet. Returning to his colony in 1648, he named it Warwick. He discharged many important civil offices ; and on Sundays preached to the colonists and In dians. Samuel, one of his sons, lived to the age of 94. His sect survived him about a century. Gorton pub. " Simplicitie s Defence against Seven-Headed Policy," a vindication of his course in N.E. 1646 ; "An Incorruptible Key composed of the CX. Psalm," 1647 , " Saltmarsh returned from the Dead," 1655 ; "An Antidote against the Common Plague of the World," 1657 ; " Certain Copies of Letters," &c. He also left in MS. " A Commentary on a Part of the Gospel of St. Matthew." See Ids Life, by J. M. Mackie, in Spark* s Amer. Diog. Gosnold, BARTHOLOMEW, an English voyager to Amer. ; d. Va. Aug. 22, 1607. After the failure of Raleigh, in which he was concerned, to colonize Va., he com. an exped., fitted out at the cost of the Earl of South ampton, for planting a colony in N.E. Mar. 26, 1602, he sailed from Falmouth with one small vessel and 20 colonists. Instead of sailing, as usual, by. the Canaries and West In dies, he steered directly across the Atlantic, reached Ms. Bay 14 May, and landed on Cape Cod, which he named. Sailing aroxind the Cape, and stopping at the island now known as No Man s Land, Gosnold landed at the mouth of Buzzard s Bay, and planted his colony on an island which he christened Eliz abeth, and now known by its Indian name of Cuttyhunk. The hostility of the Indians, scarcity of provisions, and disputes ab. a divis ion of profits, discouraged them ; and they re turned to Eng., where they arrived 23 July, taking a cargo of sassafras-root, then highly esteemed as a medicine, cedar, furs, and other commodities. Gosnold then organized a com pany for colonization in Va., led by Wing- field, Hunt, and Capt. John Smith. A charter was granted them by James I., Apr. 10, 1606 the first under which the English were planted in Amer. ; and Dec. 19, 1606, he sailed with 3 small vessels and 105 adventurers, only 12 of whom were laborers. After a tedious voyage, they sailed up the James River, which they named after the king ; landed ab. 50 miles above its mouth, and founded Jamestown, notwith standing the remonstrances of Gosnold on ac count of its unhealthy situation on low, marshy ground. Sickness and other causes destroyed 50 of their number before autumn, among them the projector of the colony. Gosse, PHILIP HENRY, an Eng. zoologist, b. Worcester, Apr. 6, 1810. He resided in Newfoundland in 1827-35, occupied in mer cantile pursuits, and collecting insects, and making colored drawings of them. He re moved to L. Canada, where he studied ento mology 3 years, and afterwards travelled in the U.S., making in Alabama numerous draw ings of its lepidoptera. Returning to Eng. in 1839, he pub. "The Canadian Naturalist," 1840. Visiting Jamaica in 1844, he pub. "Birds of Jamaica," and " Naturalist s Sojourn in Jamai ca ; " in 1849 an " Introduction to Zoology ; " " Rambles of a Naturalist on the Devonshire Coast" in 1853 ; the " Aquarium," 1854; ths first part of a " Manual of Mosaic Zoology " in 1856; in 1859 "Letters from Alabama," chiefly upon natural history ; and in 1860 " History of British Sea- Anemones and Corals." Chosen a fellow of the Roy. Soc. in 1850. Gottschalk, Louis MOREAU, pianist and composer, b. N. Orleans, 8 May, 1829; d. near Rio Janeiro, Dec. 18, 1869. Sent to Paris fur instruction in music in 1841, he made his first GKDTJ 372 GOT! public appearance as a pianist in Apr. 1845. After several professional tours in Europe, he returned to the U.S. Jan. 1853; gave his first concert in N.Y. in Feb. 1853 ; and afterward appeared periodically there and in other Amer. cities. He composed the Bamboula, Banannier, Banjo, and other pianoforte pieces representing Southern life, also the Apothe ose, Marche de Nuit, Chant de Soldat, &c. His style of playing was brilliant in the extreme. He contrib. to the Atlantic Monthly " Notes of a Pianist." Gouge, WILLIAM M., editor Phila. Gazette, author, and for 30 years connected with the treasury dept. Washington, b. Phila. Nov. 10, 1796; d. Trenton, N. J., July 14,1863. He puh. " A Fiscal History of Texas," 8vo, 1852; "History of the Amer. Banking Sys tem," 1835 ; " Expediency of dispensing with Bank Agency and with Bank Paper," 1837. He edited several journals, and for 30 years contrib. articles on banking to various journals. Gough, JOHN B., lecturer on temperance, b. Sandgate, Kent, Eng., Aug. 22, 1817. His parents were poor, and he contrib., by exercis ing his talent as a reader, to their scanty re sources. At 12 he came to Amer. as appren tice to a tradesman, with whom he settled on a farm in Oneida Co., N.Y. In Dec. 1831 he obtained employment in N.Y. City as a bookbinder. He soon fell into habits of dissi pation, and was frequently thrown out of em ployment. To such degradation did he sink, that, night after night, he sang comic songs, and played the buffoon, to the habitue s of the lowest grog-shops, who in return supplied him with drink. He m. in 1839, and became a bookbinder on his own account; but intemper ance prevented his success. He had suffered from delirium tremens, had lost his wife and child, and was reduced to the utmost misery, when a Quaker invited him in the street to take the temperance pledge. Having told his story at a temperance-meeting, he at once became a leading orator in the temperance cause. In 1842 some of his former companions induced him to violate his pledge ; and he confessed the fact at a public meeting at Worcester. Since 1843 he has labored incessantly in behalf of temperance, with ability and success. In 1853 he went to Eng., spoke and lectured in London and in the principal towns, creating a remark able impression. His Autobiography and a vol. of his orations were pub. in 1845. A sketch of his life, by Rev. W. Reid, was pub. in 1854. Gould, AUGUSTUS ADDISON, M.D. (H.U. 1830), naturalist and physician, b. New Ips wich, N.H., Apr. 23, 180*5; d. Boston, Sept. 15, 1866. H.U. 1825. He practised in Boston, lectured frequently on scientific subjects, and for 2 years taught botany and zoology at H.U. In 1855 he delivered the annual dis course before the Ms. Medical Society, entitled " Search out the Secrets of Nature," and in 1856 became a visiting physician to the Ms. Gen. Hospital. Member of many learned so cieties, and pre-eminent as a conchologist. He pub. a translation of De Lamarc s " Genera of Shells," 1833; "System of Nat. Hist.," 1833; translation of Gall s works; the "In vertebrate Animals of Ms.," 1841; " Principles of Zoology," 1848 ; "Mollusca and Shells of the U.S. Explor. Exped. under Capt. Wilkes," 1852 ; the completion of Dr. A. Birney s " Land Mollusks of the U.S.," 1851-5 ; " The Mollusca of the N. Pacific Expcd. under Capts. Ringgold and Rogers; "and numerous articles in medical magazines, the Boston Journal of NaL Hist., the Amer. Journal of Science, and the Christian Review. In 1863 he pub., under the title Otia Conchologica, all the original de scriptions of new species of shells pub. in his various works. He pub. in 1852, in connection with F. Kidder, " A Hist, of N. Ipswich, N.H." Gould, BENJAMIN APTHORP, Jun., astron omer, b. Boston, Sept. 27, 1824. H.U. 1844. Gottingen, 1848 ; Assoc. Roy. Astron. Soc. 1854. App. director of the Dudley Observatory 1856. In 1849 he established the Astronomical Journal, which he has since edited. He pub. " The Solar Parallax ; " " U.S. Naval Astron. Exp.," 4to, 1 857; " History of the Discovery of the Planet Neptune," 8vo, 1850 ; and has con trib. to scientific journals. Gould, EDWARD S., merchant and writer, b. Litchfield, Ct., May 11, 1808. Son of Judge Jas. Gould. Was an early contrib. of tales and sketches to the Knickerbocker May., to the New World, the Mirror, the Literary World, and other journals, and is the translator ot several French works. In 1836 he lectured before the N.Y. Mercantile Lib. Assoc. on " American Criticism in American Literature." In 1843 he pub. " The Sleep Rider," also an abridg ment of Alison s " History of Europe," and in 1850 a comedy, entitled "The Very Age." JOHN W. GOULD, bro. of Edward S., b. Nov. 14, 1814, d. at sea Oct. 1, 1838, was also a successful writer of tales and sketches, some of which, entitled " Forecastle Yarns," were pub. in 1843. A volume also containing these, a biog. sketch, and his private journal of the voyage on which he died, was issued by his brothers for private circulation in 1839. Dii /c.kinck. Gould, HANNAH FLAGG, poetess, b. Lan- cas ter, Ms., Sep. 3, 1789; d. Newburyport, Sep. 5, 1 865. Dan. of a Revol. soldier, and sister of Benjamin A. Gould, a merchant of Boston, who d. Oct. 25, 1860. She removed in early life to Newburyport. Volumes of her poerns were pub. in 1832, 1836, and 1841, and were much admired. She was afterward a constant contributor to the periodical literature of the day. In 1846 she pub. "Gathered Leaves," u collection of prose articles. " The Diosma " appeared in 1850, "The Youth s Coronal" in 1851, and "Hymns and Poems for Children " in 1854. Gould, JAMES, LL.D. (Y.C. 1819), juriss, b. Branford, Ct., 1770; d. Litchfield, May 11, 1838. Y.C. 1791. He became disting. in early life as a lawyer ; was raised to the office of judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, from which office he was displaced by the adop tion in 1818 of the new Constitution ; was for 40 years assoc.-with Judge Tapping Reeve as a prof, in the Litchfield Law School ; and, after the death of Judge Reeve, continued to conduct the school till within a few years of his death. He pub. " Principles of Pleading in Civil Ac tions," 1832. GrOTJ 373 Gould, NATHANIEL D., of Boston, b. Bed ford, Ms. His name was originally Duren. He took that of his uncle Gould in 1806. Father of Dr. A. A. Gould. Has pub. " Com panion to the Psalmist/ " National Church Harmony," " Sab. School Harmony," " Social Harmony," " Sacred Minstrel," " Beauties of Writing," " Writing-Master s Assistant," " Pro gressive Penmanship," " History of Church Music in America," 12mo, 1853. Gourgues de (deh-goorg), DOMINIQUE, a celebrated French seaman, b. Mont de Mar- san ab. 1530; d. 1593, while on a journey to Lond., whither he was invited by Queen Eliza beth to take com. of an English fleet. Hear ing of the atrocious massacre by the Spaniards of the French colonists in Florida, he with some assistance equipped a small fleet, and with upwards of 200 followers sailed in 1567 for that country. In conjunction with his Indian allies, he totally defeated the Spaniards, and took a number of prisoners, whom he hanged. The head of Gourgues was demanded by the Spanish king, and he was for a long time con cealed in France. Gourlay, ROBERT, Canadian statistician, b. Scotland, 1778 ; d. Edinburgh, 1 Aug. 1863. He came to Canada in July, 1817. In 1822 he pub. " A General Introduction to a Statistical Account of Upper Canada, &c." His political principles being obnoxious to the ruling powers of Canada, he was arrested and imprisoned, and finally compelled to retire to the U.S., and afterward to Eng. He played a prominent part in defence of the right of free speech and printing, in opposition to a tyrannical faction in Canada. Gouvion, JEAN BAPTISTE, a French gen., b. Toul, Jan. 8, 1747 ; killed June 11, 1792, near Grisnelle, before Maubeuge. Son of a lieut. of police at Toul. Was a lieut. at the military school of Mezieres in 1769, and engi- neerin!771. He came to Am.er. in 1777; served on the staff of Lafayette, whose " military tutor " he was called ; was app. major and af terwards lieut. -col. of engineers for valuable ser vices ; and received a pension for his conduct at Yorktown. On his return to France in 1783, he was made jnaitre-de-camp, and in 1787 adj.- gen. Selected in 1789 by Lafayette for maj.- gen. of the national guard, of which he was commander. He was a dep. in the Nat. As sembly in 1791-2, and was serving as lieut. - gen. under Lafayette in the Army of the Cen tre at the time of his death. Graham, DAVID, lawyer of New York ; d. Nice, Italy, May 27, 1852, a. 46. He was skilful in criminal cases, and was a commis sioner for framing the new code of procedure of N.Y. Author of " Courts of Law and Equity in N. Y.," 8vo, 1839; "New Trials," 8vo, 1834 ; new ed. by Graham and Waterman, 3 vols. 1856; " Practice of the NY. Supreme Court," 8vo, 1836, 3d ed., 8vo, 1847. Graham, ISABELLA, philanthropist, b. Lan arkshire, Scotland, July 29, 1742; d. N.Y. July 27, 1814. Miss Marshall received an ex cellent education, married Dr. John Graham in 1765, and accompanied him with his regt., first to Fort Niagara, and afterwards to Anti gua, where he d. in 1774. She returned to Scotland, but in 1789 came to N.Y. itnd estab lished a school for the instruction of young ladies, which she continued many years with success. She disting. herself during the latrer years of her life by her charities, by encoura ging the founding of charitable societies, and the establishment of benevolent institutions. The most important of them was the Widow s Soc., the Orphan Asylum Soc., and the Soc. for the Promotion of Industry, and the first Sunday school for ignorant adults. She aided also in organizing the first missionary society and the first monthly missionary praver-rneet- ing in the city ; was the first pres. of the Mag dalen Society ; systematically visited the in mates of the hospital and the sick female convicts in the State Prison ; and distributed Bibles and tracts long before there was a Bible or tract society in N.Y. Memoirs of her life were pub. by Dr. Mason. Graham, JAMES DUNCAN, col. U.S.A., b. Prince Wm. Co., Va., April 4, 1799; d. Boston, Dec. 28, 1865. West Point, 1817. His elder bro., Col. Win. M. Graham, fell at Molino del Rey, Mexico. Lieut, of art. July, 1817 ; asisst. topog. engineer, with rank of capt., Jan. 15, 1829; topog. engineer, rank of major, Sept. 14, 1834; major, July 7, 1838; lieut.-col. 6 Aug. 1861 ; col. eng. corps, 1 June, 1863. U.S. astronomer in the joint boundary demarcation between the U.S. and Texas, 1 839-40 ; U.S. commiss. for the ex ploration and survey of the N.E. boundary of the U.S. Aug. 1840 to March, 1843; U.S. astronomer in the joint boundary demarcation between the U.S. and Brit. Provinces, April, 43, to Dec. 47 ; for which brev. lieut.-col. Jan. 1, 1847; US. astronomer in the joint bound. com. of U.S. and Mexico, 1851. Author of "Report to Joint Commissions of Md., Pa., and Del., relating to Intersection of Boundary- Lines of those States," 1850. Member of nu merous historical societies, of the Am. Philos. Soc., the Acad. of Natural Sciences, and fellow of the Am. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Graham, JOHN ANDREW, LL.D., advo cate and author; b. Southbury, Ct., June 10, 1764; d. N.Y. Aug. 29, 1841. Son of Dr. Andrew, Revol. patriot, who d. 1785. He re moved to Rutland, Vt., immediately on his admission to the Ct. bar in 1785. Sent to England as agent of the diocese to obtain the consecration of Bishop Peters from the English bishops, he was unsuccessful. Returning to Eng. in 1796, he pub. there in 1797 "A De scriptive Sketch of the Present State of Vt.," and received the degree of LL.D, from Aber deen. From 1805 he resided in N.Y., where he became disting. for his ability in the defence of criminals. A small volume of his ablest speeches was pub. in 1812. Graham, JOHN H., commo. U.S.N., b. Vt. Midshipm. June 18, 1812 ; lieut. Mar. 5, 1817 ; command. Feb. 28, 1838; capt. Mar. 7, 1849 ; commodore (retired list) July 16, 1862. Served under Macdonough in his victory on Lake Champlain, Sept. 11, 1814. Graham, GEN. JOSEPH, Revol. soldier, b. Chester Co., Pa., Oct. 13, 1759; d. Lincoln Co., N.C., Nov. 12, 1836. At the age of 7 he accomp. his widowed mother to N.C. Wai 374 educated at Charlotte ; enlisted in the 4th N.C. regt. in May, 1778; was in the battle of Stono in 1779; app. adj. of the Mecklenburg regt. in 1780; and in an action at Charlotte in the autumn of 1780 received 6 sabre and . 3 bullet wounds. Recovering, 2 months after he raised a company of mounted riflemen, with whom he defended the passage of Cowans Ford, and performed a scries of heroic deeds, commanding in 15 engagements, attaining the rank of major. Elected sheriffof Mecklenburg after the war ; frequently represented that county in the State senate ; and subsequently engaged in the manuf. of iron in Lincoln County. He com. against the Creek Indians in 1814 with the rank of maj.-gen. His youngest son, Wm. A., was sec. of the navy. Graham, LAWRENCE PIKE, brev. brig.- gen. U.S-A., b. Va. Entered 2d dragoons Oct. 13, 1837; became 1st lieut. Jan. 1839; engaged in battle of Lockahatchee, Fla., in 1842; capt. Aug. 1843; brev. maj. for gallantry at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, May 9, 1846; major, June 4, 1858; lieut.-col. 5th cav. Oct. 1, 1861; brig.-gen. vols. Aug. 31, 1862; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. for gallantry and good conduct during the war ; col. 4th U.S. cav. May, 1864; and retired 9 May, 1864. Graham, SYLVESTER, vegetarian, b. Suf- field, Ct., 1794; d. Northampton, Ms., Sept. 11, 1851. Son of Rev. John; and in child hood was extremely feeble. At 19 he became a teacher, continuing until disabled by illness. In 1823 he entered Amh. Coll., intending to enter the ministry ; but, having exhibited great powers of elocution, he was denounced as a stage-actor and mad enthusiast. In 1826 he m. ; soon after became a preacher in the Presb. church ; was engaged in 1830 as a temperance lecturer; and studied physiology and anatomy. He pub. in 1832 his " Essay on the Cholera ; " delivered a course of lectures, pub. in 1839, entitled " Graham Lectures of the Science of Human Life." He also wrote " Bread and Breadmaking ; " " A Lecture to Young Men on Chastity;" and "The Philosophy of Sacred History," 12tno, only one vol. of which he lived to complete. Graham, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, states man. Son of Gen. Joseph, b. Lincoln Co., N.C., Sept. 5, 1804. He was trained to the law; entered public life in 1833 as a member of the N.C. legisl., of which he was several times elected speaker; was a U.S. senator in 1 841-3 ; gov. in 1845-9 ; sec. of the navy under Pres. Fillmore until June, 1852; and subse quently candidate for the vice-presidency on the ticket with Gen. Scott ; d. Saratoga, Aug. 1 1 , 75. Graham, WILLIAM MONTROSE, lieut.-col. U S.A., b. Prince Wm. Co., Va. ; killed at Molino del Rey, 8 Sept. 1847. West Point, 1817. Maj. 2d Inf. 16 Feb.; lieut.-col. llth Inf. 3 Mar. 1847 ; disting. at Fort King and at the battle of Onithlacoochie in the Seminole war, and severely wounded ; and in all the principal battles of Mexico ; and brev. maj. and lieut.-col. Grahame, JAMES, LL.D. (H.U. 1839), his torian, b. Glasgow, Dec. 21, 1790; d. Lond. July 3, 1842. St. John s Coll., Cambridge. In" 1812 was admitted an advocate at the Scottish bar. After 14 years practice, h sought from ill health a milder climate; settled in the south of Eng., and commenced a History of the U.S. The first two vols. appeared in 1827; a new edition, 4 vols. 8vo. in 1836, bring ing the History to the year 1776 ; but its thor oughly American spirit interfered with its suc cess in P^ng., and for several years it was little known in the U.S. In 1841 a genial notice of his History, by W. H. Prescott, appeared in the N. A. Review. A Phila. edition of his work, in 4 vols. 8vo, appeared in 1845 ; one in 2 vols. in 1846 and 1848; the former containing a memoir of Grahame by Josiah Quincy. Mr. Quincy also pub. a work entitled " The Mem ory of the Late James Grahame, the Historian of the U.S., vindicated from the Charges of Mr. Bancroft," 8vo, Boston, 1846. In 1837 Mr. Grahame undertook to continue the History to the close of the Revol., but was compelled by ill health, toward the close of the year, to ab stain from literary labor of all kinds. His last work was a pamphlet entitled " Who is to Blame ? or Cursory Review of the American Apology for American Accession to Negro Slavery," 8vo, Lond., 1842. Granger, FRANCIS, politician, b. Suffield, Ct., Dec. 1, 1792 ; d. Canandaigua, N.Y., Aug. 28, 1868. Y. C. 1811. Son of Gideon, post- mr.-gen. Removing to Canandaigua, where he practised law, he was prominent in the anti-Ma sonic movement ; and was in 1826-31 a member of the Gen. Assembly of that State; M.C. in 1835-7, 1839-40, from N.Y. ; app. in Mar. 1841 U.S. postmaster-general. This position he re signed in July, 1841, on Mr. Tyler s action re specting the U.S. Bank; deleg. to the Peace Convention in Feb. 1861 ; and took an active part in the effort to avert the Rebellion. Granger, GIDEON, lawyer and politician, b. Suffield, Ct., July 19, 1767; d. Canandai gua, N.Y., Dec. 31, 1822. Y.C. 1787. Adm. to the bar of the Sup. Court of Ct. in 1788, where he acquired celebrity; was from 1793 several years a member of the legisl. ; disting. himself by his exertions to create its school- fund; U.S. postmaster-gen, from 1801 to 1814, when he removed to N.Y. ; State senator from 1819 to 1821 ; and a promoter of internal im provements. He gave 1,000 acres of land for the benefit of the Erie Canal. He was an able speaker and political writer. Granger, GORDON, brev. maj. -gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. ab. 1825. West Point, 1845. Enter ing 2d Inf., he was transferred to the mounted rifles, July 17, 1846; was brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, and capt. for gallantry at Chapultepec, Sept. 12, 1847; disting. himself in conflict with the In dians on the Nueces River, April 13, 1856 ; capt. 3d Cav. May 5, 1861 ; col.2d Mich. Cav. 2 Sep. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. Mar. 26, 1862. He served in the West under Gens. Halleck and Grant; took part in the battles of Wilson s Creek, luka, and Corinth; was made maj.-gen. Sept. 17, 1862; commanded the dist. of Central Ky., where he did good service ; was especially disting. at Chickamauga, after which battle he received the com. of the 4th army corps ; en gaged in the operations about Chattanooga battle of Missionary Ridge, Nov. 23-25, 1863 ; 375 brev. col. for Chattanooga, 24 Nov. 1863 ; com. division and engaged at Fort Gaines, Ala., Aug. 1864, and Fort Morgan ; com. (list, of W. Flu. and Dept. of Gulf, 1864-5, and 13th army corps in operations ending in capture of Mobile, 12 Apr. 1865, for which he was brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 : col. 15th Inf. July 28, 1866; d. Sante Fe, Jan. 10, 1876. Granger, ROBERT S., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ohio, ab. 1817. West Point, 1838. Entering the 1st Inf., was assist, instructor in irtf. tactics at West Point from July, 1843, to Aug. 1844 ; capt. 8 Sept. 1847 ; major Sept. 9, 1861, and brig. -gen. vols. Oct. 20, 1862. He served with distinction in Ky. ; was brev. col. 9 Oct. 1862, for the battle of Lawrenceburg, Ky. ; joined the Army of the Cumberland in Jan. 1863 ; was assigned to Northern Ala. June 1, 1864 ; defeated Hood at Decatur, Oct. 27, and earned the brevet of maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. He captured Gen. Roddy s camp near Courtland, July, 1864, and expelled the rebel Wheeler from Middle Tenn., Aug.-Sept. 1864; lieut.-col. 16th Inf. 12 June, 1865. Cull urn. Grant, ANNE, of Laggan, authoress, b. Glasgow, Scotland, 21 Feb. 1755; d. Edin burgh, 7 Nov. 1838. Capt. Me Vicar, her father, took her while an infant to America, where she remained till 1768, and, by her intelli gence and conversational powers, obtained the friendship of Madam Schuyler and other emi nent inhabitants of New York. In 1779 she m. Rev. Mr. Grant of Laggan, by whose d. in 1801 she was left with the care of a nu merous family. Taking up her pen as a sup port, she pub. " Memoirs of an American Lady," 2 vols. 1808, a faithful picture of Colo nial manners and scenery; "Letters from the Mountains," 3 vols. 1808 ; and "Essays on the Superstitions of the Highlands of Scotland," 2 vols. 1811. Grant, JAMES, of Ballendalloch, a British gen., b. 1720; d. Apr. 13, 1806. App. maj. of the Montgomerie Highlanders in 1757. In Sept. 1758, Maj. Grant marched with 800 men to reconnoitre Fort Duquesne ; was surprised and defeated, and with 19 other officers made prisoner. App. gov. of East Florida in 1760, and lieut.-col. 40th Foot ; col. May 25, 1772 ; maj.-gen. 1777; lieut.-gen. Nov. 1782; gen. May, 1796. In May, 1761, he led the exped. against the Cherokees, defeating them in a severe bat tle at Etchoe. At the battle of Long Island, Aug. 1776, he com. the 4th and 6th brigades of the British army. In Dec. 1776 Howe gave him the com. in N.J. at a most critical period : the American victories at Trenton and Prince ton immediately followed. In 1777 he com. the 2d brigade of Howe s army; led the 1st and 2d at the Brandy wine; and atGermantown, Oct. 4, forced the left of the American army to give way. In May, 1778, he was detached with a strong force to cut off Lafayette on the Schtiylkill, but was unsuccessful. He defeated Lee at Monmouth, and Nov. 4 sailed in com mand of the troops sent against the French W. Indies. In Dec. he took St. Lucia; and in 1791 was made gov. of Stirling Castle. Many years a member of parliament, where, before the Revol., he made the boast that he would lead a British rngt. from one end of the Colonies to the other, the Americans were such cowards. Late in life he was a notorious gourmand, requiring his cook to sleep in the same room with him. Grant, ULYSSES SIMPSON, Pres. of the U.S., b. Point Pleasant, Ohio, Apr. 27, 1822. West Point, 1843. Son of Jesse R. and Han nah Simpson Grant of Pa. Entering the 4th Inf., he joined Taylor on the Rio Grande in 1846, and was in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca dela Pal ma, and Monterey. Subsequently join ing Scott before Vera Cruz, Grant took part in every engagement fought between that city and Mexico, receiving brevets of 1st lieut. and capt. for meritorious conduct at Molino del Rey and Chapul tepee. Made capt. 5 Aug, 1853, while serving in Oregon; he resigned 31 July, 1854, and settled in St. Louis. In 1859 he removed to Galena, 111., where he was en gaged in commercial pursuits when the civil war began. He was one of the first to offer his services to his country, and as col. of the 21st 111. vols. served actively in Mo. Made brig. -gen. May 17, 1861, he* was in Aug. as signed to the com. at Cairo. He at once oc cupied Paducah, Ky. ; and at Belmont broke up the enemy s camp, opposite his stronghold at Columbus. In Feb. 1862 he received com. of the land-force destined to attack Fort Hen ry on the Tenn. River. Too late to participate in its reduction, he immediately moved upon Fort Donelson. For his conduct at the siege and capture of this post, he was promoted to maj.-gen. Feb. 16. He advanced to Pittsburg Landing, where, while awaiting the arrival of Buell with re-enforcements, he was attacked on the morning of Apr. 6 by Gens. A. S. John ston and Beauregard. After an obstinately- contested battle, Grant was driven back toward the river, where, by massing his artillery, and with the aid of the gunboats, he made a success ful stand. Re-enforcements arrived during the night, the battle was renewed next day, and the confederates repulsed with great slaughter. He was afterward second in com. to Gen. Hal- leek. In Sept. 1862 he was app. to the com. of West Tenn., and fixed his headquarters at Jackson. His force there constituted the 13th army corps. He com. at luka, 19 Sept. 1862 ; in the Vicksburg campaign, Nov. 4, 1862, to July 18, 1863; and made maj.-gen. U.S.A. 4 July, 1863, the date of the capture of Vicks burg with its garrison of 31,500; com. the division of the Mpi. 16 Oct. to 2 Mar. 1864, when made lieut.-gen. for the Chattanooga campaign; gen.-in-chief, Mar. 17, 1864 ; in the Richmond campaign, May 4, 1864, to Apr. 9, 1865, the date of Lee s surrender ; gen. U.S.A. 25 July, 1866 ; sec. of war ad interim 12 Aug. 1867 to Feb. 1868; inaug. President 4 Mar. 1869. Grant s most brilliant campaign was that in which, throwing himself upon the rear of Vicksburg, he defeated in detail the armies of Johnston and Pemberton, and, cooping up the latter in Vicksburg, caused its speedy sur render. At Mission. Ridge, 25 Nov. 1863, he won a splendid victory over Bragg s army, re ceiving therefor the thanks of Congress, 17 Dec., also a gold medal. See Badean s MUit. Hist, of Gen. Grant; Lives of Grant, by C. A. Phe/ps, A. D. Richardson, and H. Coppie; ana Men of Oar Times, by Mrs. H. B. Stowe. 376 Grasse, Tilly (dc gras), FRANCOIS Jo- BEPH PAUL, Comte de, a French adm., b. Pro vence, 1723; d. Jan. 11, 1788. At 15 he en tered the navy. In 1742, while lieut. of a frigate, he was captured by a British ship, and confined in Eng. until exchanged. He served under La Galissoniere during the 7-years war, and assisted at the taking of Minorca; was en gaged under D Ache in the three actions with Pococke in the E. Indies ; and towards the end of the war he was made a capt. When France came to the assistance of America in her struggle for liberty, De Grasse was made a rear-adm., and com. the second division under D Orvilliers in the action of July 27, 1778. He subsequently served with La Motte Picquet and De Guichen ; and in the engagement of May 18, 1780, displayed great skill and enter prise. Raised at length to the chief com., he assisted at the capture of Tobago, Sept. 1781, and sailed immediately to Amer., the great ob ject of his exped. His conduct off the Chesa peake, in the action with Adm. Graves, and in the capture of Yorktown, procured for him the thanks of Congress (28 Oct.), and a present of 4 pieces .of cannon taken at Yorktown, and gained him laurels at home. His subse quent services were great ; his action with Sir Samuel Hood evinced the greatest address and skill ; and the assistance rendered by him to the enterprising Bouille deprived Britain of many of her valuable possessions in the W. Indies. The action of the 12th of Apr. 1782, in which he suffered a complete defeat by the superior force of Rodney, finished his naval career. Chef d escadre, 1779. Gratiot, CHARLES, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Mo. 1788; d. St. Louis, 18 May, 1855. West Point, 1806. Entering the engineer corps, he was app. capt. 23 Feb. 1 808 ; chief engineer of Harrison s army in 1813 and 1814; brev. col. Mich, militia, Oct. 5, 1814 ; engaged in the defence of Fort Meigs, Apr. -May, 1813 ; and attack on Fort Mackinac, 4 Aug. 1814; maj. Feb. 9, 1815; lieut.-col. Mar. 31, 1819; col. and principal engr. May 24, 1828 ; brevet brig.-gen. May 24, 1828 ; dismissed Dec. 6, 1 838 ; inspector Military Academy, May, 1828, to Dec. 1838. Grattan, THOMAS COLLET, novelist, b. Dublin, 1796; d. Lond. 4 July, 1864. He studied law. Commenced authorship in 1819 with " Philibert," a poetical romance ; removed to Paris ; contrib. to the Edinb. Review and to the N. Monthly Mag.; was cons, to Boston 1839-53; and besides novels, and histories of Switzerland and the Netherlands, wrote " Civ ilized America," 2 vols. 1859, a bitterly abusive l>ook ; " England and the Disrupted States of Amer." 1861 ; and a drama, " The Woman of Color." Graves, THOMAS, rear-adm., b. Ratcliff, Eng., 6 June, 1605 ; d. Charlestown, Ms., 31 July, 1653. He was in 1632-5 master of sev eral ships sailing between Eng. and this coun try, and with his wife, Catharine Coytmore, was adm. to the church at Charlestown 7 Oct. 1639. In 1643 he was master of " The Tryal," the first ship built in Boston ; and for the capture of a Dutch privateer in the English Channel, during Cromwell s protec torate, was given the com. of a ship-of-war, and made a rear-adm., the owners of his ship presenting him with a silver cup. Sew- all s noburn. Graves, THOMAS, Lord, a Brit, adm., b. 1725; d. Jan. 31, 1802. After having succes sively served on various important occasions un der Hawke, Anson, and other disting. admirals, he obtained in 1759 the com. of "The Uni corn" frigate, from which in 1761 he was re moved to " The Antelope" on the N. Amer. sta tion, and app. gov. of Newfoundland, in which capacity he acted with such promptitude, pru dence, and energy, on the capture of St. John s by a French squad, in 1762, that the place was speedily retaken. In 1779 he became rear- admiral of the Blue; in 1780 he sailed to Arner. with a re-enforcement of 6 ships-of-the- line for Adm. Arbuthnot ; Sept. 26 he was made rear-adm. of the Red ; and in July, 1781, on Arbuthnot s return to Eng., he took the chief com. on the Amer. station. Sept. 5, he came to a partial engagement with De Grasse, whose co-operation with the allied forces before Yorktown he was unable to prevent. Second in com. under Lord Howe June 1, 1794 ; and as a reward for his conduct in this battle, dur ing which he received a wound, he was raised to an Irish peerage ; adm. of the White, June 1, 1795. Gray, ALONZO, LL.D., chemist, b. Town- send, Vt., 1808 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Mar. 10, 1860. Amh. Coll. 1834. Prof, of chem. and nat. philos. And. Acad. 1837-43; prof. chem. Mar. Coll. ; prin. Brooklyn Heights Fern. Sem. Author of " Elements of Chemistry," 40th ed. 12mo, 1853; "Elements of Scientific and Practical Agriculture," 12mo, 1842; "Ele ments of Natural Philos./ 12mo, 1851. In conjunction with C. B. Adams, " Elements of Geology," 12mo, 1852. Gray, ASA, botanist, b. Paris, N.Y., Nov. 18, 1810. Grad. M.D. at the Fairfield Med. Coll. in 1831. Since 1842 he has been Fisher Prof, of nat. hist, in H.U. His elementary works, " Elements of Botany," 1836, and especially his later series, " How Plants Grow," "Botany for Young People," "Lessons in Botany," and "Structural and Systematic Bot any,"*! 858, "are unsurpassed in the language for precision, simplicity, perspicuity, and com prehensiveness." He has contrib. much to the principal scientific journals and academical memoirs of the day. Dr. Gray, with Dr. John Torrey, commenced in 1838 the pub. of " A Flora of N. America," but discontinued it. They described in the govt. reports the botani cal treasures of the govt. expeds. to the Pacific coast. In 1848 Dr. Gray began l iis " Genera of the Plants of the U.S." and the "Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States," and in 1854 pub. the first vol. of " The Botany of the U.S. Pacific Exploring Expc-d. under Capt. Wilkes." Prof. Gray has delivered three courses of Lowell Institute Lectures in Boston. LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1860). Gray, FRANCIS CALLET, LL.D. (H.U. 1841), b. Salem, Ms., Sept. 19, 1790; d. Bos ton, Dec. 29, 1856. H.U. 1809. Son of Lieut.-Gov. William. He v/as educated to the law; was private sec. to J. Q. Adams while 377 minister to Russia ; was frequently in the legisl., and a member of the exec, council in 1839; corresp. sec. of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences ; and a member of many literary bodies. An elegant and accomplished writer, he was an early contrib. to the N. A. Review; edited several vols. of the Colls, of the Ms. Hist. Soc. ; pub. a pamphlet entitled " Remarks on the Early Laws of Ms. Bay," and in 1848 one on " Prison Discipline," taking strong ground against the separate or solitary system of impris onment. He bequeathed $50,000 for the estab lishment and maintenance of a museum of com parative zoology in connection with H.U. The building was dedicated Nov. 1859. He deliv ered, besides other addresses, an Oration before the town-authorities of Boston, July 4, 1818; a Discourse at Plymouth, Ms., on the 199th anniv. of the landing of the Pilgrims, Dec. 22, 1819; Oration before the Ms. legisl. on the 100th anniv. of the birth of Washington, Feb. 22, 1832. Gray, HENRY PETERS, painter, b. New York, June 23, 1819. He entered the studio of Daniel Huntington in 1838; went to Eu rope in 1839, returning in 1843; and, after another absence abroad in 18456, established himself in N.Y. Among his pictures are, "Roman Girl," "Billet-Doux," "Teaching a Child to Pray," " Proserpine and Bacchus," " Cupid begging his Arrows," " Wages of War," " Apple of Discord," " Blessed are the Pure in Heart," an illustration of Irving s " Pride of the Village," " Hagar and the Angel," " Susannah," " Truth," " Greek Lovers," and " Twilight-Musings." He has also painted more than 250 portraits ;d. Nov. 12, 77. Gray, CAPT. ROBERT, discoverer of the Columbia River, b. Tiverton, R.I., 1755 ; d. Charleston, S.C., 1806. Sept. 30, 1787, the ship " Columbia," Capt. John Kendrick, and the sloop " Washington," Capt. Gray, sailed from Boston to trade with the natives of the N. W. coast. They were fitted out by Joseph Barrell, Samuel Brown, Charles Bulfinch, John Derby, Crowel Hatch, and J. M. Pin- tard, Boston merchants ; and took for dis tribution among the natives coins struck for the purpose, bearing on one side a ship and a sloop under sail, with the words " Columbia " and " Washington, com. by John Kendrick ; " and on the reverse, " fitted out at Boston, N. America, for the Pacific Ocean, by," encircling the names of the proprietors. Returning in 1790 in the "Columbia," via Canton, Gray was the first to carry the Amer. flag round the globe. Gray made a second voyage, and May 11, 1791, in lat. 46 10 , discovered the mouth >f the great river, to which was given the name of his ship. He afterward com. trading- ves sels from Boston until his death. Gray, WILLIAM, an eminent merchant, b. Lynn, Ms., June 27, 1750 ; d. Boston, Nov. 4, 1825. Apprenticed in youth to a merchant at Salem, he was afterward in the employ of Richard Derby. Beginning business for him self, he amassed great wealth, having at one time more than 60 sail of square-rigged vessels on the ocean. A Democrat in politics, he evinced his sincerity by taking side with Jef ferson during the embargo, notwithstanding its unpopularity in N. England, and its pecu niary injury to his business. Removing to Boston, he was lieut.-gov. of Ms. in 1810, hav ing previously been a State senator. Graydon, ALEXANDER, author, b. Bristol, Pa., April 10, 1752; d. Phila. May 2, 1818. Educated at Phila. He began to study law, but in 1775 entered the patriot army as capt. ; joined the army at N. Y., and was made prisoner in the action on Harlem Heights. He was con fined in New York and at Flatbush, and was exchanged in 1778; prothonotary of Dauphin Co., and lived at Harrisburg from" 1785 to 1799, when he removed to a farm near that city, from which he returned to Phila. in 1816. In 1811 he pub. his Memoirs, an entertaining and well- written work illustrative of Revol. man ners and history ; it was repub. in Phila. in 1846, with annotations by J. S. Littell. Gray don contrib. to the Portfolio in 1813 and 14 a series of papers entitled "Notes of a Desul tory Reader." Grayson, JOHN BRECKENRIDGE, gen. C.S.A., b. Ky. 1807; d. 1862. West Point, 1826. Entered the artillery, but was app. assist, commis. Aug. 1834; in Seminole Indian war of 1835-6; commis. (rank capt.) 7 July, 1838; capt. 11 Dec. 1838; chief of commis sariat of Scott s army in Mexico, 1847-8 ; brev. major for gallantry at Contreras and Churu- busco, Aug. 20, 1847; brev. lieut.-col. for Chapultepec, Sept. 13, 1847; commis. (rank of major) Oct. 21, 1852; resigned July 1, 1861, and app. a brig.-gen. in Confed. army. Grayson, WILLIAM, soldier and states man, b. Prince William Co., Va. ; d. at Dura- fries, Mar. 12, 1790. U. of Oxford. Studied law at the Temple, Lond., and settled in Dum fries ; app. aide-de-camp to Washington, Aug. 24, 1776; col. of a Va. regt. Jan. 1, 1777 ; com missioner on the board of war in 1780-81 ; a commissioner to treat with Sir William Howe respecting prisoners while the army was at Valley Forge ; und at Monmouth com. his regt., behaving with valor; M.C. in 1784-7; member Va. convention of 1788, called to con sider the Federal Constitution ; was, like Pat rick Henry, its zealous opponent ; and was in 1789 one of the first U.S. senators from Va. Lotting. Grayson, WILLIAM, Democ. politician of Md., gov. in 1838-41, b. Md. 1786; d. Queen Anne s Co. July 9, 1868. He was a planter ; served with distinction in both houses of the Md. assembly, and took a prominent part in the successful struggle to obtain a new and more liberal constitution for the State in 1838. Grayson, WILLIAM J., son of William, lawyer and author, b. Beaufort, S.C., Nov. 1788; d. Newbern, Oct. 4, 1863. S.C. Coll. 1809. He was bred to the legal profession ; was a commissioner in equity of S.C. ; and a member of the State legisl. 1813. In 1831 he was a State senator, and, while opposing the tariff act, was not disposed to push the collision to the extreme of civil war. M.C. in 1833-7, and in 1841 was app. by President Taylor col lector of customs at Charleston. Afterwan* a planter. During the secession agitation of 1850, he pub. a " Letter to Gov. Seabrook," deprecating disunion, and pointing out the GKRE 373 evils which would follow it. Was a contrib. to the Southern Review. He pub. " The Hire ling and the Slave," 1856 ; " Chicora and other Poems;" a poem entitled "The Country;" and is supposed to be the author of a narrative poem entitled " Marion." Greathouse, LUCIEN, brig.-gen. U. S. vols., b. Carlinsville, 111., 1843; d. of wounds in battle near Atlanta, Ga., July 21, 1864. Bloomington Coll. He practised law ; entered the army a private ; passed through every in- term. grade to that of col. 48th Ills, regt., and bore a conspicuous part in the achievements of the Army of the Tenn. ; brig.-gen. July, 1864. Greaton, JOHN, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Ruxbury, Ms., Mar. 10, 1741 ; d. there Dec. 16, 1783. "Before the war, he was an innkeeper and an officer of militia in Roxbury ; col. 24th regt. July 12, 1775; col. 36th, Oct/1 775; after ward col. 3d Ms. on the Continental establish ment. During the siege of Boston, he led an exped. which destroyed the buildings on Long Island in Boston harbor. Apr. 15, 1776, he was ordered to Canada ; Dec. 7, 1776, he joined Washington in N.J. ; and was afterward in Heath s division at West Point ; app. by Con gress brig.-gen. Jan. 7, 1783. Greeley, HORACE, a leading journalist, b. Amherst, N.H., 3 Feb. 181 1. Son of a poor farmer, who in 1821 moved to Vt. He at tended a com. school ; evinced great fondness for reading ; and learned the printer s trade at Poultney, Vt., in 1826-30. After working a few months as a printer in Erie, Pa., he went in Aug. 1831 to N.Y. City, where he worked at his trade. 1 Jan. 1833, in partnership with Francis Story, he began the Morning Post, the first penny daily ever published, soon discon tinued. In Mar. 1834, with Jonas Winchester, he founded the New-Yorker, a literary weekly, neutral in politics, of which he was editor. It lived 7 years, but was not proti table pecuniarily. In 1838-9 he edited the Jejjersonian, and in 1840 the Log- Cabin ( Whig campaign papers), which gave him a reputation as an able polit ical writer. Apr. 10, 1841, he founded the .ZV. Y. Tribune, of which Henry J. Raymond was assist, editor, which soon took the stand it has since maintained as a thoroughly-appointed independent and spirited journal. He advo cated Clay s election in 1844 ; afterward as sumed a more decidedly hostile attitude to slavery ; and as a member of Congress in 1848- 9 opposed the abuses of the mileage system. He supported in successive presidential cam paigns Gen. Scott in 185-2, J. C. Fremont in 1856, and Abraham Lincoln in 1860; having exerted his influence against the nomination of W. H. Seward in the Chicago convention of that year. He favored universal amnesty and universal suffrage at the end of the civil war, and offered himself as bail for Jefferson Davis in May, 1867. In 1851 he visited Eu rope, and was chairman of one of the juries at the World s Fair. His letters to the Tribune, describing his travels, Avere pub. with the title, " Glances at Europe." In 1859 he went to California by way of Kansas and Utah. He has gained special distinction by his efforts toward the emancipation of labor, endeavor ing to free it from ignorance, vice, servitude, and poverty. He was a zealous champion of protection, and was always found in the fronl rank of social, industrial, and political reform ers. He pub, in 1850 " Hints toward Reforms," including many of his lectures on temper ance, labor, education, &c. ; " Association Dis cussed," by Greeley and Raymond, 1 847 ; " Art and Industry as represented in the Exhibition at the Crystal Palace," N.Y. 1853; "History of the Struggle for Slavery-Extension from 1787 to 1856;" "History of the American Conflict," 2 vols. 8vo, 1864-6 ; " Recollections of a Busy Life," 1868; "Overland Journey from N.Y. to San Francisco in 1859," 12mo, 1860; " Essays on Polit. Econ." SeeParton s Life of Greeley, 1855 ; D. W. BartlaCs Modem Agitators; d. Nov. 29, 1874. Greene, ALBERT COLLINS, lawyer, b. E. Greenwich, R.I., Apr. 15, 1791 ; d. Providence, Jan. 8, 1863. Son of Perry, bro. of Gen. Nathl. Greene. Member of the R.I. Assembly, 181524; of the senate 18435; speaker of the house; maj.-gen. of militia two years; atty.-gen. 1825-43, and U.S. senator in 1845- 51. Greene, ALBERT GORTON, lawyer and poet, b. Providence, R.I. , Feb. 10, 1802; d. Cleveland, O., Jan. 3, 1868. Brown U. 1820. Many years clerk of the Municipal Court of Providence ; clerk of the common council ; and judge of probate. Author of the popular bal lad of " Old Grimes ; " " The Militia Muster; " a ballad entitled " Canonchet," pub. in Up dike s " Hist, of the Narragansett Church; " and " The Baron s Last Banquet," one of the finest poems in our language. In 1833 he pub. the Literary Journal, quarterly, but discontinued it after one year. Pres. of the R.I. Hist. Soc. from 1854 until his death. Green, ALEXANDER, L.P., D.D. (U. of Tenn. 1846), a minister of the M.E. Church South, b. Sevier Co., Tenn., June 26, 1807. He connected himself with the Tenn. conf. ; was ord. elder in 1828, and since 1832 has been a delegate to the general conf. Promi nent in the discussions of 1844 which resulted in a division of the church. Author of " The Church in the Wilderness." Greene, DR. ASA, physician and author, b. Ashburnham, Ms., 1788 ;" d. N.Y. City, 1 837- Wms. Coll. 1813. He went to N.Y. ab. 1830, and established himself as a bookseller. Author of " The Travels of Ex-Barber Fribbleton," a satire on Fidler and other scribbling English tourists ; " The Life and Adventures of Dr. Dodimus Duckworth," 1833; " The Perils of Pearl Street," 1834 ; "A Glance at New York," 1837; "A Yankee among the Nul- lifiers," 1835 ; " Debtor s Prison," 1 81110, 1837 ; and was some time editor of the Evening Tran script, a New- York daily. Green, ASHBEL, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1792), LL.D. (U. of N.C. 1812), scholar and divine, b. Hanover, N. J., Julv 6, 1762 ; d. Phila. May 19,1848. N.J. Coll." 1783. In early life he performed military duty, and was in imminent danger at the attack on Elizabethtown Point. Tutor in N.J. Coll. 1783-5; prof, of math, and nat. philos. from 1785 to May, 1787, when he became assoc. pastor of the Second Presb. Church of Phila.; in 1790 he was a member GKRE 379 GJ-RE of Jie Gen. Assembly ; in the summer of 1791 he made a tour in N. England; from 1792 to 1800 lie was chaplain to Congress; in 1809 he was one of the founders of the Phila. Bible Society, the first society of the kind formed in the U.S. During the 25 years of his ministry, he was regarded as the first pulpit orator con nected with the Presb. church in the U.S. In 1812-22 he was pres. of N. J. Coll. Pie sub sequently resided in Phila., conducting for 12 years the Christian Advocate, and also, for 2^ years, preaching to an African congregation. For a number of years he exercised a control ling influence over the affairs of the Presb. church ; was influential in the organization of the Home Missionary and other boards of the church ; and took an active and decided part in the measures which led to the division of the church in 1836-7. While pres. of the coll., he originated, with a few others, the Theol. Sera, at Princeton, and, at the time of his death, was pres. of its board of directors. Pres. of the trustees of the Jefferson Med. School of Phila. ; member of the Amer. Philos. Soc. He pub. a " Discourse delivered ia the Coll. of N. J., with a History of the Coll.," 1822 ; " A Histo ry of Presbyterian Missions;" "Lectures on the Shorter Catechism," 2 vols. ; 1 1 original discourses, besides addresses, reports, &c. ; an Autobiography, commenced at the age of 82, pub. by Joseph H. Jones, N. Y., 1849. Sprague. Green, BARTHOLOMEW, the first newspa per printer in Amer., b. Cambridge, Ms., 12 Oct. 1666; d. Boston, Dec. 28, 1732. He was a son of Samuel Green, printer, and succeeded to his business. He first set up his press in Cambridge, afterward at Boston, where it was destroyed by fire, 16 Sept. 1690. In the win ter of 1692-3 he resumed business in Boston. Apr. 24, 1704, he issued the first number of the Boston News-Letter, a publication continued by him during his life. He also pub. the Weekly News-Letter, which was afterwards com bined with the other ; and it was then styled the Boston Weekly News-Letter. His descendants were printers in Boston till the Revol., and in Ct. long afterwards. Greene, CHARLES GORDON, journalist, b. Boscawen,N.H., July 1, 1804. His father dying in 1812, he was placed under the care of his bro. Nathaniel, subsequently postmaster of Boston, who sent him to Bradford Acad. He entered his bro. s printing-office in Haverhill ; followed him to Boston in 1822, and was engaged in the office of the Statesman ; settled at Taunton in 1825 as pub., and afterward editor, of the Free Press; in 1826 pub. in Boston a literary journal, the Boston Spectator ; soon after re sumed an engagement with the Statesman ; re moved to Phila. in 1827; in 1828 became con nected with Duff Green s paper, the U. S. Tel egraph ; in 1829 succeeded his bro. as proprie tor and pub. of the Statesman; and Nov. 9, 1831, commenced the publication of the Boston Alorning Post, which has long been a leading Democ. organ, and noted for its wit. Naval officer for Boston 1853-7 ; and has been a mem ber of the legisl. Greene, CHRISTOPHER, lieut.-col., a Rev ol. officer, b. Warwick, R. I., 1737 ; killed May 13, 1781. Son of Judge Philip Greene. He received a good education, and was several years a member of the R. I. legisl. ; lieut. in the " Kentish Guards ;" in May, 1775, was chosen by the legisl. maj. in the " Army of Ob servation ; " com. a company under Montgom ery after accompanying Arnold through the wilderness ; and in the attack upon Quebec was made a prisoner. Promoted in June to the majority of Varnum s regt., in Oct. 1776 he succeeded to the com., and was selected by Washington to take charge of Fort Mercer on the River Delaware (Red Bank), which was assaulted by the Hessians under Count Donop, Oct. 21, 1777, who were repulsed with heavy loss, and their commander slain. Congress voted him a sword, which in 1786 was pre sented by Knox, then sec. of war, to Job Greene, his eldest son. He took part in Sullivan s at tempt on R. I. in 1778. In the spring of 1781 his quarters on the Croton River were sur prised by a party of refugees, and he was slain. Rogers. Green, EZRA, physician, b. Maiden, Ms., June 17, 1746 ; d. Dover, N.H., July 25, 1847. H.U. 1765. He began practice in Dover ab. 1768; joined the army as a surgeon in June, 1775; was in the exped. to Canada; was sur geon in the sloop-of-war " Ranger," under Paul Jones ; continued in the Revol. navy until 1781, when he engaged in trade. A delegate to the State Const. Conv. of 1820, and a firm Federalist. Green, FRANCIS, merchant of Boston, b. Sept. 1, 1742 ; d. Medford, Ms., Apr. 21, 1809. H.U. 1760. Son of Benjamin of Halifax. He lived in Eng. from 1776 to 1799. He pub. a dissertation on the art of imparting speech to the deaf and dumb, Lond. 1783. He after ward pub. essays on the same subject in the papers, and translated the letters of the Abbe L Epee. He was an officer in the British forces at the taking of Havana in 1762. Green, FRANCES HARRIET, author, ne Whipple, b. Smithfield, R. I. ; contrib. of poe try to the periodicals of the day, 1830-5. Au thor of " Memoirs of Eleanor Elbridge, a Col ored Woman ;" "The Mechanic," 1841; " Might and Right," an account of the Dorr Insurrection, 1844; " Nanuntenoo, a Legend of theNarragansetts," 1848; " Analytical Class- Book of Botany," 1855. She has contrib. largely to reform periodicals ; in 1842 edited the Wampanoag, and in 1849 the Young Peo ple s Journal. Allibone. Greene, GEORGE SEARS, soldier and en gineer, b. Warwick, R. I., May 6, 1801. West Point, 1823. Entering the 3d Art., he was assist, prof, of math, in the military acad. from 1923 to 1826 ; assist, prof, of engineering 1826-7 ; became 1st lieut. in 1829 ; and resigned in 1836. He then became a civil engineer, and was employed on railroad and other works in various parts of the country, and on the High Bridge and new Croton Reservoir in N.Y., until Jan. 18, 1862, when he was app. col. 60th N.Y. vols. ; brig.-gen. vols. Apr. 28, 1862, and assigned a com. in Gen. Augur s division of Banks s army corps. On Gen. Augur s promo- tion, he took com. of the division, and fought with great gallantry under Gen. Mansfield at 380 ORE Antietam ; was engaged at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg ; in com of Murfreesborough Oct. 1863; combat of Wanhatchie, and severely wounded, 28 Oct. 1863 ; in operations in N.C. in 1865 ; actions of Kinston and Goldsborough, and since 1 May, 1866, a civil engineer in N.Y. Cull tun. Greene, GEORGE WASHINGTON, author, grandson of Gen. Nathl. Greene, b. E. Green wich, B. I., Apr. 8, 1811. Compelled by ill health to leave Brown U. in 1827, he resided in Europe until 1847. From 1837 to 1845 he was U.S. consul at Rome; between 1835 and 1850 he pub. a series of essays in the .ZV. A. Re view, chiefly on Italian literature and history, which were coll. in a vol. entitled " Historical Studies," N.Y., 1850. On his return to the U.S. he became prof, of modern languages in Brown U., and edited Putz and Arnold s "An cient Geography and History," N.Y., 1849, and a " History and Geography of the Middle Ages," 1851. In 1852 he removed to N.Y., where he has contrib. many papers to maga zines, and edited in 1854 a complete edition of Addison s works, in 6 vols. He wrote the Life of Gen. Greene in Sparks s " Amer. Biog.," and has pub. his Official Papers and Public and Private Letters, with a new and elaborate Biog. of him, 1 867-7 1 , 3 vols. 8vo. In 1 866 he pub. an Exam, of some statements concerning Gen. Greene in Bancroft s U.S., vol. 9. Green, HENRY WOODHULL, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1850), chief justice of N. J. ; has pub. " Reports of Cases in Court of Chancery of N. J.," 2 vols. 8vo, 1842-6. N. J. Coll. 1820. Green, HORACE, M.D., LL.D. (U. of Vt.), physician, b. Chittendcn, Vt., Dec. 24, 1802 ; d. Greenmount, Sing Sing, N.Y., Nov. 29, 1 866. Mid. Coll. 1 824. He studied medicine in Rutland, Vt. ; practised there 6 years ; attend ed lectures at the U. of Pa. in 1830-1 ; and subsequently practised 5 years more in Rutland, afterward settling in N.Y. He completed his medical education at Paris in 1838. From 1840 to 1843 he was a prof, in the med. coll. in Castleton, Vt. ; and in 1850 assisted in founding the N.Y. Med. Coll., in which he was pres. of the faculty and trustees, and emeritus prof, of the theory and practice of med. until 1860. Author of " Treatise on the Diseases of the Air-Passages," 1846 ; "Pathology and Treatment of the Croup," 1849; "Surgical Treatment of the Polypi of the Larynx, and the CEdema of the Glottis," 1852 ; " Report of 106 Cases of Pulmonary Diseases treated by Injections into the Bronchial Tubes with a So lution of Nitrate of Silver," 1856 ; and " Selec tions from the Favorite Prescriptions of Living American Physicians," 1858; also of many papers in medical journals. Green, JACOB, minister of Hanover, N.J., b. Maiden, Ms., Jan. 22, 1722; d. Hanover, May 24, 1790. H.U. 1744; N.J. Coll. 1749. Licensed Sept. 1745 by the N.Y. presbytery, and ord. at Hanover Nov. 1746. He was in 1757 made vice-pres. of N.J. Coll., and was for some months at its head. He also engaged in the practice of medicine. A zealous patriot, he was sent to the Prov. Congress in 1775, and was chairman of the com. which drafted the State constitution. Besides sermons, he pub. " A View of the Constitution of the Jewish Church," and " A View of a Christian Church and Church Govt." A MS. Autobiography, extending to 1777, was pub. by his son Rev. Ashbel Green, in the Christian Advocate, vol x. Sprague. Green, JACOB, M.D., physicist, b. Phila. July 26, 1790; d. there Feb. 1, 1841. U. of Pa. 1806. In his boyhood he made a large collection of plants. He pub. soon after leav ing the university, in connection with a young friend, a treatise on electricity, which gave him a reputation. He also studied law, and was licensed to practise, but in 1818 accepted a professorship in N.J. Coll. of chemistry, phi losophy, and nat. history. Prof, of chemistry in the Jeff. Med. Coll. from 1822 to the close of his life. He pub. " Chemical Diagrams ; " "Chemical Philosophy," 1829; "Treatise on Electro-Magnetism ; " " Astronomical Recrea tions ; " "A Syllabus of a Course on Chemis try ; " two works on " Trilobites," with wax illustrations; a work on the "Botany of the U.S., with a List of the Botanical Productions of N.Y. ; " " Notes of a Traveller," giving an account of a visit to Europe in 1828, 3 vols. 1831; "Diseases of the Skin," 8vo, Phila. 1841 ; and contribs. to Silliman s Journal Green, JOSEPH, wit and poet, b. Boston, 1706; d. London, Dec. 11, 1780. H.U. 1726. Though in 1775 proscribed and exiled for ad herence to the crown, in 1 764 he was a member of the com., with Samuel Adams, to report in structions to the Boston representatives, and, when app. by Gage a mandamus counsellor, de clined the honor. One of a club of wits who watched every passing event, neither Gov. Belcher nor the legisl. was spared by those keen satirists, who turned every thing to merriment that was susceptible of it. Of his humorous publications may be mentioned the burlesque on a Psalm of his fellow-wit, Dr. Byles ; Ridi cule of Freemasons in " TheEntertainment for a Winter s Evening," in 1750 ; and " Lamenta tion on the Death of Mr. Old Tenor," paper- money. Sabine. Green, JAMES STEPHEN, lawyer and Dem ocratic politician, b. Fauquier Co.,Va.,Feb. 28, 1817 ; d. St. Louis, Jan. 18, 1870. With an ordinary education, he in 1836 went to Ala. ; thence to Canton, Mo., in 1837, where in 1840 he was adm. to the bar, and rapidly acquired reputation. Member of the State Const. Conv. in 1845; M.C. 1846-50; char g<? d affaires to New Granada 1853-4, returning home on ac count of ill health ; again chosen to Congress in 1856, and U.S. senator in 1856-61, where he was chairman of the com. on territories. He was conspicuous in the debate on the ad mission of Kansas under the Lecompton Con stitution, which he favored, and, during the last session of the 36th Congress, was on all occa sions the advocate of the cause of the seceding States, and resisted in their interest all at tempts to settle the existing difficulties. He was afterward a constant promoter of civil war in Missouri. Green, JOSEPH F., commo. U.S.N., b. Me. Nov. 24, 1810. Midshipman Nov. 1, 1827; lieut. Feb. 28, 1838; com. Sept. 14, 1355; capt. July 16, 1862 ; commo. July 24, 1867 ; at- GKREJ 381 GKRJG taehed to " The Ohio; " served through the Mex ican war, taking part in the important actions on the Pacific coast ; com. steam-sloop " Ca- nandaigua," S. Atl. block, squad., 1862-4, and participated in the bombardment of Fort Wag ner ; com. Southern squadron with Atlantic fleet 1870. Hamersly. Green, LEWIS W., D.D., b. near Danville, Ky., Jan. 28, 1806; d. there May 26, 1863. Cent. Coll. 1824. Princeton Theol. Sem. Prof, successively in Centre Coll. and Hanover and Allegh. Seminaries ; pres. successively of Wash. Coll., Hampd. Sidney Coll. (185G), Transylv. U. (1856-8), Centre Coll., Danville (1858-63). Green, MARTIN E., brig.-gen. C.S.A., of Lewis Co., Mo. ; killed at Vicksburg, Mpi., June 27, 1863. He was a class-leader in the Meth. Church. He organized a regt. near Paris, Mo., juined Price s army, and contrib. largely to the capture of Lexington, Mo., and the gar rison under Col. Mulligan. His men rolled hemp-bales up the steep bank of the river, and converted them into movable breastworks. He was conspicuous in all Price s battles in Mo. ; was in the battles of Farmington, luka, Corinth, Big Black, and Baker s Creek. At Vicksburg he had a presentiment he would be killed. Greene, NATHAN AEL, maj.-gen., one of the most dieting, officers in the Revol. war, b. Warwick, R.I., May 27, 1742; d. June 19, 1786. Fourth in descent from one of the early settlers of N.E. He was educated a member of the Society of Friends, among whom his father was a preacher ; received the mere rudiments of an English education, and was variously em ployed in the field, the mill, or at the anvil. He early manifested a love for books, and made himself master of Euclid. At the age of 20 he began to study law. He was the first to es tablish a public school in Coventry. Elected to the R.I. legisl. in 1770 and each succeeding year until he took com. of the Southern army, and a leading and popular member. On the ap proach of the Revol. he studied tactics ; was dismissed from the Society of Friends, and became a member of the " Kentish Guards." After the battle of Lexington, the Colony of R.I. embodied 3 regts. of militia, which, as brig.-gen., he led to Cambridge, where their su periority of equipment and discipline made them conspicuous. Here he gained the confidence and friendship of Washington, which he retained through life. Made a brig.-gen. in the Continen tal army, June 22, 1775, and maj.-gen. Aug. 9, 1776. At Trenton he commanded the left wing, seized the artillery of the enemy, and cut off their retreat to Princeton ; was at the battles of Brandy wine (where, by a rapid march and successful sfond, he preserved the army from utter destruction) and Germantown ; and in March, 1778, accepted, though with great reluc tance, the app. of quartern!. -gen., stipulating that he should not lose his right to command in action. Of this he availed himself at the bat tle of Monmouth and in the retreat from R.I. In Aug. 1780 he resigned the office, a poorer man than when he assumed it. June 23, 1780, he checked, with 2 brigades and a small body of militia, the advance of a corps of 5,000 of the enemy in the battle of Springfield. He was in com. of the army during Washing ton s visit to Hartford in Sept. 1780, and sat a pres. of the Court of Inquiry upon Maj. Andre App. to succeed Gates, Oct. 14, 1780, he found, on arriving at Charlotte Dec. 2, the Southern army a mere skeleton, without artillery, bag gage, or stores. In his front was an enemy flushed with victory, and well provided ; around him an exhausted country, whose inhabitants were divided into hostile parties. Adapting his operations to his means, he detached Mor gan, who, after defeating Tarleton at the Cow- pens, marched to rejoin Greene, and was pur sued by Corn wallis, but without success. Foiled in the attempt, he vigoronsly pursued Greene, who was moving in a direction to unite with Morgan. It is this celebrated retreat from S.C. across N.C. into Va. which has won for the American commander a high rank in the estimation of military men. Assuming the of fensive, Greene attacked Cornwallis at Guilford Court House, March 15, 1781. The British remained masters of the field, but lost 600 men, and were obliged to retire, leaving their wound ed. Greene then marched into S.C., and, mov ing towards Camden, took post at Hobkirk s Hill, April 20. Here he was attacked on the morning of the 25th by Lord Rawdon, and, after a sanguinary conflict, was obliged to aban don the field. He next undertook, unsuccess fully, the siege of Ninety-Six, and then with drew to the high hills of San tee to indulge his army in a short repose during the heat of the summer. Sept. 8 he fought the battle of Eu- taw Springs, described by him as the most ob stinate and bloody he had ever seen. In this battle, which prostrated their power in S.C., the British lost upwards of 1,000 men, and abandoned the entire State except Charleston and vicinity. When peace was restored, Greene returned to his native State. He everywhere met with enthusiasm and expressions of gratitude and admiration. On his arrival at Princeton, where the Congress was then in ses sion, they presented him with two pieces of ordnance taken from the British army, " as a public testimony of the wisdom, fortitude, and military skill which disting. his com. in the Southern dept." They had previously voted him a British standard and a gold medal com memorative of the battle of Eutaw. The State of Ga. presented him with a fine plantation a few miles from Savannah, to which he removed with his family in the fall of 1785 ; and S. C. conveyed to him a valuable tract of hind. A monument was voted by Congress, but was never erected. His son NATH. RAY, b. Morris- town, N.J., Jan. 11, 1780, d. Greensdale, R.I., June 11, 1 859. See Life, Letters, and Papers of, b// G. W. Greene, 3 vols. 8vo, 1867-71. Greene, NATHANIEL, editor, b. Boscawen, N.H., May 20, 1797. In July, 1809, he entered an apprentice to Isaac Hill of the N.H. Patriot ; at the age of 15 became editor of the Concord Gazette; removed to Portsmouth in Jan. 1814, having charge of the N.H. Gazette; removed to Haverhill in April, 1815, where for two years he had charge of the Gazette; and in May, 1817, edited and pub. a new Democ. pap er, the Essex Patriot. He established, Feb. 6 ; 1821, the Boston Statesman, which soon be GKRE 382 G-IRE came the leading Democ. journal of the State. Postmaster of Boston 1829-40 and 1845-9. In 1833 he pub. an address before the Ms. Char itable Society ; a compendious " History of Italy," translated from the Italian, 1836 ; "Tales from the German," 2 vols. 1837; " Tales and Sketches from the German, Ital ian, and French," 1843 ; "Improvisations and Translations," 12mo, Boston, 1852. He has been a contrib. to several annuals. Green, SAMUEL, one of the first printers of N.E., b. Eng. 1615; d. Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 1, 1702. He succeeded Daye in the print ing-house at Cambridge ab. 1648. He printed the Cambridge Platform in 1649; the Laws in 1660; and, in the Indian language, the Psal ter, Eliot s Catechism, Baxter s " Call to the Unconverted," the New Testament, and 1,000 copies of the Bible in 1683. Greene, SAMUEL STILLMAN, b. Belcher- town, Ms., May 3, 1810. B.U. 1837. Some time teacher in the Worcester, Springfield, and Boston schools ; several years supt. of the Providence schools ; prof, of math, and civil engineering B.U. in 1855 ; transferred in 1864 to the chair of nat. philos. and astron. Author of "Analysis of Sentences," "Eng. Gram mar," "First Lessons," and "Introduction" to Eng. grammar, " Descendants of Thomas Greene of Maiden," 1858. Dinjckinck. Greene, THEODORE P., commo. U.S.N., b. Montreal, Canada, Nov. 1, 1809. Midshipm. Nov. 1, 1826 ; lieut. Dec. 2O, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 24, 1867. Attached to frigate " Congress," Pacific squad., during the Mexican war, 1846- 8; sloop " Cyane," home squad., 1852-3; lighthouse insp. 1 858-60 ; com. steam-sloop "Richmond," W. Gulf squad., 1865; steam- sloop " Powhatan," Pacific squad., 1867. Hamcrsly. Green, THOMAS, maj.-gen. C.S.A., b. Va. 1816 ; killed at Blair s Plantation, La., Apr. 14, 1 864. Son of Chief Justice G., pres. of the Leba non Tenn. Law School. He was in the Texan rangers in the war of Independence and the Mexican war, and was afterward clerk of the Sup. Court of Texas. He com. the 5th Texan cavalry ; was in the battle of Valverde ; in the attack on Galveston, and capture of " The Harriet Lane ; " in the battle of Bisland ; commanded the cavalry of Dick Taylor s army ; defeated Gens. Grover and Weitzell at Bayou La Fourche ; and was made a maj.-gen. for his brilliant services, and put in command of the cavalry of the Trans-Mississippi dept. He had a reargenius for war. Green, GEN. THOMAS J., C.S.A., b. 1801 ; d. at his residence in Warren Co., N.C., Dec. 13, 1863. He was a gen. in the Texan war of independence, a member of the Texan Con gress, the leader of the " Mier exped.," and one of the band of " Mier prisoners." He was subsequently a State senator in Cal., and maj.- gen. of its militia. Author of " Journal of the Texan Expedition against Mier," &c., 8vo, N.Y, 1845. Greene, WILLIAM, gov. of R.I. from 1743 to his death, Feb. 23, 1758, &. 62 ; many years clerk of the County Court of Providence, and dep.-gov. in 1740. Greene, WILLIAM, gov. of R.I. 1778 to 1786, b. 1732; d. Warwick, R.I., Nov. 30, 1809. He had been speaker of the assembly, and chief justice. Green, RIGHT REV. WILLIAM MERCER, D.D., first Prot.-Epis. bishop of Mpi., b. Wil mington, N.C., May 2, 1798. U. of N.C. 1818. Ord. deacon, 1821 ; priest, 1822; app. prof, of rhetoric in the U. of N.C. in 1837 ; consec. bishop at Jackson, Feb. 24, 1850. Greene, ZACHARIAH, Revol. soldier and clergyman, b. Stafford, Ct., 11 Jan. 1760; d. Hempstead, L.I., June 20, 1858. Dartm. Coll. 1781. He served in the army, and was en gaged on several occasions, until by a bullet- wound in his shoulder, at the battle of White Marsh, in Dec. 1777, he was compelled to re tire from the service. He then studied for the ministry; was pastor of the Presb. ch. at Ctitchogue, Southold, L.I., from June 28, 1787, to 1797, and at Setauket, from 1797 until his removal to Hempstead in 1849. He was a chaplain in the army in the war of 1812 Greenhow, ROBERT, M.D. (1821 ), schol ar, b. Richmond, Va., 1800 ; d. San Francisco in the spring of 1854. Wm. & M. Coll. 1816. His father Robert was mayor of Richmond ; and his mother perished at the burning of its theatre, Dec. 26, 1811. In 1815 he went to N.Y., where he studied medicine. He sub sequently visited Europe, and on returning to N.Y. delivered a course of lectures before the Literary and Philos. Society. He was in 1828 app. translator of languages in the dcpt. of State; in 1837 he prepared by order of Con gress a report upon the discovery of the N.W. coast of N.A. ; in 1848 he presented to the N.Y. Hist. Soc. a paper in relation to the sup posed missionary labors of Archbp. Fenelon (since found to have been those of a bro.) among the Iroquois Indians of N.Y. ; in 1850 he re moved to Cal.; in 1853 he was app. assoc. law-agent to the U.S. Land Com. He was a man of talent, and possessed an extraordinary memory. He pub. a " History of Oregon and California," 1844; "Hist, of Tripoli, &c.," 1835. His widow, ROSA 0. H. GREENHOW, became a spy for the rebels ; was for a time in the Old Capitol Prison, but finally lost her life in attempting to land from a blockade-runner in Wilmington harbor, N.C., Sept. 20, 1864. Greenleaf, BENJAMIN, teacher, and author of a series of math, text-books, b. Haverhill, Sept. 25, 1786; d. Bradford, Ms., Oct. 29, 1864. Dartm. Coll. 1813. Principal of Brad ford Acad. 1814-36, and of the Bradford Teach ers Seminary from 1839 to 1848; represented Bradford in the legisl. in 1837-9. Greenleaf, JONATHAN, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1863), b. Newburyport, Sept. 4, 1785; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Apr. 24, _1865. Edward, his ancestor, settled in N. in 1635. Moses, his father, was a capt. in the Revol. army. Jonathan was licensed to preach in Sept. 1814 ; was ord. over the church in Wells, Mar. 8, 1815 ; dism. Sept. 1828 ; then took charge of the Mariners Church, Boston ; and was sec. of the Seamen s- Friend Society. In Dec. 1833 he removed to N.Y., where he edited the Sailor s Magazine ; and was sec. of the same society until Nov. 1841. He organized and GKRE 883 GKRE was pastor of the Wallabout Presb. Church, Brooklyn, from Mar. 8, 1843, until his death. Author of " Sketches of the Eccles. Hist, of Maine," 1 821 ; " Hist, of New- York Churches," 1846; " Geneal. of the Greenleaf Family," N.Y., 8vo, 1854. N. E. H. $ G. Reg. 1867. Greenleaf, MOSES, LL.D., bro. of the preceding, author of " Statistical View of Me.," 1816; "Survey of Me.," 1829; and the best map of that State; b. Newburyport, 1778 ; d. Williarasbnrg, Me., Mar. 20, 1834. Greenleaf, SIMON, LL.D. (H.U. 1834), an eminent jurist, bro. of the preceding, b. Newburyport, Dec. 5, 1783; d. Cambridge, Oct. 6, 1853. Adm. to the bar in June, 1806, he commenced practice in Standish, whence he soon removed to Gray, where he lived 1 1 years, during which period, by unwearied industry, he laid the foundations of his great legal learn ing. In 1818 he removed to Portland, and entered upon a more extended practice. Upon the separation of Me. from Ms. and the estab lishment of the Sup. Court, he was app. its re porter. Traversing the circuit with the judges, his services were in demand in all parts of the State ; and his practice became very extensive. His Reports, in 9 vols., contain the decisions of the court from 1820 to 1832, and exhibit full proof of his industry and accuracy. In the summer of 1833 he was app. Royall Prof, of law at Cambridge at the suggestion of Judge Story, whom he succeeded in 1 846 as Dane Prof. In 1848 he resigned, and was made emeritus prof. Many years pres. of the Ms. Bible So ciety. ^ The beauty of his style and his correct expositions of law have placed him as an author by the side of Blackstone and Kent. Author of a " Treatise on the Law of Evidence," 3 vols. ; " Remarks on the Exclusion of Atheists as Witnesses ; " " An Examination of the Tes timony of the Four Evangelists by the Rules of Evidence administered in the Courts of Justice, with an Account of the Trial of Jesus," and " Testamentary Counsels and Hints to Christians on the Right Distribution of their Property by Will ; " a " Treatise on the Origin and Principles of Freemasonry," 1820; " Over ruled, Denied, and Doubted Decisions and Dicta," 1 vol. 1840, afterward expanded to 3 vols. ; Cruise s " Digest of the Law of Real Property," 1849. Greenough, HORATIO, sculptor, b. Bos ton, Sept. 6, 1805; d. Somerville, Ms., Dec. 18, 1852. H.U. 1825. Son of a Boston merchant. His ideas of form were strongly marked in his youth ; and he had a mechani cal aptitude at imitating the objects which impressed themselves on his mind. At Harvard he became acquainted with Wash ington Allston and others, who encouraged him in his design of becoming an artist; and he went to Italy in the autumn of 1825. He returned to Boston in 1826, and, after model ling several busts, returned to Italy, fixing his residence in Florence. His industry was great ; and the following comprise but a part of the works upon which his fame rests : a statue of "Abel," statue of Byron s " Medora," the " Chanting Cherubs," " Ascension of the Infant Spirit," " Genius of America," statue of " Washington upon the Public Grounds of the National Capitol," the " Angel Abdiel," two ideal busts of "Heloisc," ideal bust of the " Graces," bas relief of " Castor and Pollux," monument to " Guisti the Italian Poet," " The Genius of Love/ ideal bust of " Lucifer," of our " Saviour Crucified," monument to Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs, portrait statue of Miss Grinnel, statuette of " Venus Victrix," and of " Venus contending for the Golden Apple." He also executed busts of John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Plenry Clay, Josiah Quincy, Samuel Appleton, Jona than Mason, Thomas Cole, John Jacob Astor, Judge Marshall, and many others. The ori ginal design for the Bunker s Hill Monument was by him. Congress appropriated $20,000 for the monument to Washington, much com mended for its purity.of taste, loftiness of con ception, accuracy of anatomical study, and mechanical skill. The colossal group, " The Rescue," for the National Capitol, occupied the artist 8 years, and consists of four figures. He was a noble, kindly, and generous man. His Life and Essays were pub. in 1853 by H. T. Tuckerman. RICHARD S. GREENOUGH, a younger brother, is a successful sculptor. Greenup, COL. CHRISTOPHER, gov. of Ky. (1804-8), b. Va. 1750 ; d. Frankfort, Ky., April 27, 1818. He served through theRevol. as a private and as an officer; at its close re moved to Ky., where he was clerk of the Dist. Court; member of the legisl. ; M.C. 1793-7; clerk of the State senate, and had the reputa tion of a sound lawyer. Greenville, SIR RICHARD, navigator, b. Cornwall, Eng., 1540 ; d. 1591. In his youth he served in the imperial army against the Turks, and was knighted in 1571. Joining Raleigh, his relative, in his colonization schemes, he sailed in 1585 for America, with 7 vessels carrying 1 08 colonists. June 20 he made the mainland of Carolina; narrowly escaped wreck on the cape, to which, in consequence, he gave the name Cape Fear ; explored the country for 8 days ; and Aug. 23, after landing the colonists under Ralph Lane, sailed for Eng. The next year he recrossed the Atlantic with 3 ships laden with supplies, and found the colony broken up and the settlers gone, having been taken off by Sir Francis Drake. To keep possession of the country, he left 15 men on Roanoke Island ; returned to Eng., and was made vice-admiral. In 1591, in con junction with Lord Howard, he was commis sioned to intercept a rich Spanish fleet. With only 5 ships, he attacked the enemy s fleet of 62 sail off the Azores. He sunk 4 of them, and killed 1,000 of the Spaniards ; but, when his own ship was about to sink, he was carried on board the Spanish fleet, where he died, three days after, of his wounds. Greenwood, FRANCIS WILLIAM PITT, D.D., Unitarian clergyman and scholar, b. Boston, Feb. 5, 1797 ; d. Aug. 2, 1843. H.U. 1814. He studied theology under Dr. Ware; became, Oct. 21, 1818, pastor of the New South Church, Boston, withdrawing on account of ill health the next year ; then resided a year in Europe, and, after his return in 1821, lived 2 years in Baltimore, where he edited the Unitarian Miscellany. His health bein-> r partial 384 G-R.E ly restored, he became, Aug. 29, 1824, assoc. minister with the Rev. Dr. Freeman of King s Chapel, Boston, of which in 1827 he became sole pastor. In 1837-8 he was assoc. editor of the Christian Examiner, and also contrih. to the N. Amer. Review and to the Christian Disciple. In 1837 he visited Cuba for his health, and re turned somewhat restored. He was learned in the natural sciences, especially conchology and botany ; and was an early member of the Bos ton Society of Natural History, to whose Jour nal he was a contrib. In 1827 he pub. "Lives of the Apostles ; " in 1830 a Coll. of Hymns; in 1833 " Discourses on the History of King s Chapel; " " Sermons for Children ; " and " Ser mons of Consolation," 1842. Hon. S. A. Eliot edited 2 vols. of his sermons, prefacing them with a Memoir ; and a vol. of his miscel laneous writings was pub. by his son, 12mo, Boston, 1846. Greenwood, ISAAC, the first prof, of mathematics and natural philosophy in Amer ica, b. May 7, 1702; d. Charlestown, Ms., Oct. 22, 1745. H.U. 1721. Hollis Prof, at H.U. 13 Feb. 1728-13 July, 1738. He pub. an arithmetic, 1729; and a philos. discourse occasioned by the death of Thomas Hollis, the founder of the professorship, in Apr. 1731. Eliot. Greenwood, MILES, manufacturer, b. Jersey City, N.J., March 19, 1807. He re moved to the West with his father in 1817, and settled near Cincinnati. In 1832 he com menced, on the Miami Canal, the Eagle Iron Works, which speedily became the largest manufactory of the West. It was destroyed by fire in 1846, but was soon rebuilt. He was one of the originators of the Ohio Mechanics Institute ; contrib. largely to the erection of their present building; and was mainly in strumental in introducing steam fire-engines. Gregg, ANDREW, U.S. senator, b. Carlisle, Pa., June 10, 1755; d.Bellefonte,May 20, 1835. He received a classical education, and for several years was tutor in the U. of Pa. In 1789 he removed to the then wilderness of Penn s Valley, where he engaged in agricul tural operations. M. C. 1791-1807; U. S. senator, 1807-13; president pro tern. 1809. In 1814 he removed to Bellefbnte; and in 1820 was app. sec. of the State of Pa. Gregg, GEN. DAVID McM., b. Hunting don, Pa., April 10, 1833. W. Pt. 1855. En tering the 1st Dragoons, he served in the cam paigns of 1858-60 against the Indians of Washington and Oregon ; capt. 6th Cav. 14 May, 1861 ; col. 8th Pa. Cav. 24 Jan. 1862; brig. -gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862. He was in the battles of the Peninsular campaign, Mar.-Aug. 1862 ; com. division of cav. in Army of the Potomac, Dec. 1862, to June, 1863; and en gaged at Beverley Ford, Aldie, Gettysburg, Rapidan Station, and New Hope Church, 27 Nov. 1863; com. 2d cav. division, 6 April, 1864, to 3 Feb. 1865, in the Richmond cam paign, and in all the principal actions of that period, in Army of the Potomac ; com. the cav. of that arrny from Aug. 1, 1864, till his resignation, 3 Feb. 1865, and engaged at Todd s Tavern, Hawes Shop, Trevillian Sta tion, Darbytown, Deep Bottom, Reams s Station, Boydton Plank-Road, &c. ; brev maj.-gen. vols. 1 Aug. 1864, for dist. conduct, particularly in rcconnoissance Charles City Road. Farmer near Milford, Del., since 1865. Cidlum. Gregg, JOHN, brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. ab. 1828; kilted near Petersburg, Va., Oct. 7, 1864. Com. a Texas brigade. Gregg, GEN. JOHN IRVIN, b. Bellefonte, Pa., July 26, 1826. Capt. llth U.S. Inf. Mex. war ; capt. 6th U.S. Cav. May, 1861 ; col. 16th Pa. Cav. Oct. 1862 ; com. cav. brigade, Army of the Potomac, April, 1863 to April, 1865, in nearly all the principal battles in Va., includ ing Kelly s Ford, Aldie, Gettysburg, Sulphu* Springs, Cold Harbor, Deep Bottom (severely wounded), Five Forks, Amelia C.H. (wound ed), Sailor s Creek, and Farmville; brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, service during the war ; col. 8th U. S. Cav. July 28, 1866. Gregg, MAXCY, gen. C.S.A., b. Columbia, S.C., 1814; killed in battle Dec. 13, 186-2. S.C. Coll. 1836. Son of James Gregg, an eminent lawyer of Columbia. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1839; app. major 12th Inf. March 24, 1847, and served until the close of the Mexican war. Many years col. of a regt. of S.C. militia, and was a prominent member of the State convention in Dec. 1860, in which he was one of the com. to prepare the ordinance of secession. He sub sequently entered the Confed. service as col 1st S.C. regt. ; was made a brig.-gen. soon afterward ; was disting. in several engagements in Va. ; and was killed at the battle of Freder- icksburg. Tenney, Hist, of the Rebellion. Gregory, FRANCIS H. , rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Norwalk, Ct., Oct. 9, 1789; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Oct. 4, 1866. He first entered the mer chant-service; became a midshipman, Jan. 16, 1809; lieut. June 28, 1814; com. Apr. 28, 1828; capt. Jan. 18, 1838; rear-adm. (retired list) July 16, 1862. His first services were near the Balize, where he captured an English brig having 1 20 slaves on board, also a schoon er fitting for piratical purposes ; had a night- action with a privateer, which he disabled and drove off the coast ; and took a Spanish pirate of 14 guns. While serving on Lake Ontario under Chauncey, in the war of 1812, he was captured in Aug. 1814 ; sent to Eng., and con fined 18 months. He next served 3 years in the Mediterranean under Com. Shaw, whose clau. he married. From 1821 to 1823 he com. " The Grampus " in the W. Indies. Near St. Croix he captured the notorious pirate brig " Panchita," a vessel far superior to his own in weight of metal and number of men. He com. the frigate " Raritan " in the Mexican war. His last sea-service was in corn, of the African squadron. During the Rebellion he superintended the construction of iron-clads. Greive, GEORGE, b. Eng. 1750; d. France after 1 7 J3. Translatorof Chastellux Memoirs; sec. of the Bill of Rights Club ; was in Arner. in 1781-2; lived afterward in France, engaged in lit. pursuits. Hist. Ufag. 1870. Grellet, STEPHEN, a Quaker preacher, b. France, 1773; d. Burlington, N.J., Nov. 16, 1855. His parents being of the household of ORB 385 G-RI Louis XVI., he was brought up in the Catholic faith, and educated at the Military Coll. of Lyons. At the age of 17 he became one of the body-guard of the king ; made his escape from the horrors of the Revol. ; and in 1795 came to N. Y. He shortly after joined the Quakers ; removed to Phila. ; and, during the prevalence of the yellow-fever in 1798, was in defatigable in ministering to the sick, the dying, and the afflicted. During this trying season he became impressed with the idea that it was his duty to go abroad, and publish the gospel ; for which purpose, in 1800 he made an exten sive tour through the Southern States as far as Ga., and in 1801 through N.E. and Canada. In 1799 he returned to N.Y., where he estab lished himself in business ; and in 1804 m. Re becca, dau. of Isaac Collins, publisher. Con tinuing his ministrations, Grellet, in 1807, went to the south of France, in 1812 to Eng. and Germany, in 1816 to Hayti,and in 1818 on a tour through Europe. At Rome he stood, together with his companion Wm. Allen, before Pius VII., who listened to the exhortations of Grellet with the greatest respect and courtesy. He returned home in Aug. 1820. In 1831-4 be made another missionary excursion through Europe. His Memoirs, by Benj. Seebohm, were pub., 2 vols. 8vo, 1860. Grenier, JOHN, author of the famous " Log-cabin Songs" of the polit. campaign of 1840, b. 1810; d. Toledo, O., 13 May, 1*71. Went when a boy to Ohio ; was at one time editor of the State Journal, and afterward of the Gazette at Columbus, and of theZanesville City Times. App. Indian agent by Pres. Taylor. Grenville, GEORGE, an Eng. statesman, reputed author of the famous Stamp Act, b. Oct. 14, 1712 ; d. Nov. 13, 1770. Educated at Cambridge U., where he acquired great pro ficiency in mathematics. He studied law, and represented Buckingham County in parliament from 1741 till his death. After filling several subordinate offices, he was made sec. of state in 1762, and was chancellor of the exche quer and first lord of the treasury in 1 763-5. He was far the ablest man of business in the House of Commons, and disting. for knowledge and eloquence. His son THOMAS (1755-1846) was one of the agents employed in negotiating the treaty of peace between Great Britain and the U.S. in 1782-3. Grevyle, LORD CHARLES MONTAGUE, gov. of S.C. 1766-73, b. May 29, 1741; d. Jan. 1784. Second son of Robert, 3d Duke of Manchester. He was a knight of the shire for Huntington, and was at one time gov. of Ja maica. Grey, CHARLES, Earl, a British gen., b. Oct. 23, 1729; d. Nov. 14, 1807. Aide-de camp to Prince Ferdinand in Germany and to Wolfe at Quebec ; app. lieut.-col. June 27, 1761; com. the 98th regt. at the capture of Belle Isle in 1763 ; col. Dec. 20, 1772 ; and ac companied Howe to Boston in 1775, who gave him the local rank of maj.-gen. On the night of Sept. 21, 1777, he surprised Gen. Wayne near Paoli, and defeated him with great slaugh ter, using only the bayonet. He took an active part in the battle of Germantown, Oct. 4, 1777 ; destroyed the- shipping and stores at New Bed- 25 ford and Martha s Vineyard in the autumn of 1778; and Sept. 7, 1778, surprised and out to pieces Baylor s dragoons at Tappan. For these and other important services m this war, he was made a lieut.-gen. and app. com.-in- chief in N.A. in Jan. 1783. He was employed in Flanders in 1793 ; captured Martinique and St. Lucie in 1794; made gen. in 1795; was raised to the peerage in 1801; and in 1806 be came an earl. His eldest son was the celebrat ed statesman of the same name. Gridley, JEREMY, a disting. law. b. Bost., 10 Mar. 1702; d. Brookline, Ms., Sept. 10, 1767. H.U. 1725. He was some years an assist, in the grammar-school in Boston ; studied theolo gy ; and occasionally preached. He then de voted himself to the law, and, soon after his admission to the bar, instituted a weekly news paper called the Rehearsal, the first number of which appeared Sept. 29, 1731. At the end of a year he was compelled to relinquish this un dertaking by the increase of his professional business. Having been elected a member of the General Court from Brookline, he became a decided opponent of the measures of the British ministry ; notwithstanding which he was app. atty.-gen. of the Province of Ms. Bay, in which capacity he was obliged to defend the obnoxious " writs of assistance, " and encoun tered the powerful opposition of his former pupil, James Otis. Besides his high legal sta tion, he was col. of militia, grand master of Freemasons, and pres. of the Marine Soc. He was a man of great legal attainments, of fine talents, of disting. learning and virtue. Grridley, MAJ.-GEN. RICHARD, a disting. soldier, bro. of Jeremy, b. Boston, Jan. 3,1711 ; d. Canton, Ms., June 20, 1796. Had great reputa tion as an artillerist ; was chief engr. in the reduction of Louisburg in 1745 ; again entered the army as chief engr. and col. of inf. in 1 755 ; was engaged in the exped. to Crown Point in 1756, under Gen. Winslow ; and planned the fortifications around Lake George. He served under Amherst in 1758, and, with Wolfe, ascended to -the Plains of Abraham, and fought the French at the capture of Quebec. For his services the British Govt. gave him Magdalen Island, with half-pay, which was continued to him during his life. He es poused the patriot cause with ardor in 1775, and was app. chief engineer and com. of the artillery of the Colonial army. He it was that laid out so skilfully the works on Bun ker s Hill the night before the battle of June 17, 1775. Though then 65 years old, he was exposed to the severest fire of the enemy during the whole engagement. Late in the day he was wounded by a musket-ball in the thigh. He was active in planning the fortifica tions around Boston ; commissioned maj.-gen. by the Prov. Congress, Sept. 20, 1775 ; and com. of the Continental art., but was in Nov. superseded by Knox. He was active on the memorable night when Dorchester Heights were fortified. Norfolk Dem. Aug. 27, 1841. Grier (greer), ROBERT COOPER, jurist, b. Cumberland Co ., Pa., March 5, 1794; d. Phila. Sept. 26, 1870. Dick. Coll. 1812. His father, a Presb. clergyman, removed to Ly co ming Co. in the fall of 1794, and, being a GUI superior scholar, taught his son Latin and Greek. He taught the grammar-school of the coll. till 1813, when he returned to Northum- Ixjrland, Pa., to aid his father in his college duties. After his father s death in 1815, he succeeded him as principal ; studied law at the same time ; and in 1817 commenced practice in Bloomsburg, Columbia Co., Pa. Settling in Danville in 1818, his practice rapidly increased ; and May 4, 1838, he was app. pres. judge of the Dist. Court of Allcghany Co. Pie removed to Pittsburg in Oct. of the same year, and re sided in Alleghany City till Sept. 1 848, when he removed to Phila. Aug. 4, 1846, he was nominated by Pres. Polk one of the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court. He possessed sound judgment, great legal knowledge, and thorough integrity. He resigned his seat in 1869, on account of infirm health. Grier, WILLIAM NICHOLSON, brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. West Point, 1835. Enter ing the 1st Dragoons, he became capt. 23 Aug. 1846 ; maj. 2d Drags. 20 Apr. 1861 ; lieut.- col. 1st Cav. 15 Feb. 1862 ; col. 3d Cav., and ret. 31 Aug. 1866 ; brev. br.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. He saw much frontier service ; won the brev. of maj. 16 Mar. 1848 for gallantry at Santa Cruz de Resales, Mexico ; in the Apache exped. 1849-50, and wounded ; in exped. against the Indians in Wash. Terr. 1857-8 ; and com. his regt. in the Peninsular campaign, Mar.-Aug. 1 862 ; and was wounded at the battle of Williamsburg, Va., 5 May, 1862. Cullum. Grierson, BENJAMIN H., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pittsburg, Pa., July, 1837. Emig. at an early age to Trumb. Co , O. ; afterward in the produce-business at Jacksonville, 111. When the civil war broke out he went on the staff of Gen. Prentiss ; was made maj. 6th 111. cav. ; col. 28 Mar. 1862 ; and in Dec. took com. of a cav. brigade. He was engaged in nearly all the cav. skirmishes and raids in W. Tenn. and N. Mpi., and made a successful cavalry raid from La Grange (17 Apr .-2 May, 1863) to Baton Rouge to facilitate Gen. Grant s operations on Vicksburg, destroying railroad-bridges, depots, and rolling-stock ; brig.-gen. vols. 3 June, 1863; maj.-gen. 27 May, 1865; brev. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 1867 for his raid of Dec. 1864 in Ark. ; col. 10th U.S. Cav. 28 July, 1866. Griffin, CHARLES, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Licking Co., O., 1826; d. Galveston, Sept. 15, 1867. West Point, 1847. Entering the 4th Art., he became 1st lieut. June 30, 1849 ; capt. 5th Art. Apr. 25, 1861 ; and brig.-gen. vols. July 9, 1 862. With his battery, he fought with heroic bravery at the first Bull Run; served in Morell s division of Fitzjohn Por ter s corps in the campaign of the Chickahom- iny, winning especial distinction at Gaines s Mill and at Malvern Hill ; was present at the second battle of Bull Run, Aug. 28, 1862, and was charged by Gen. Pope in his report with having refrained from taking part in the action, while he "spent the day in making ill-natured strictures upon the com. gen." He was ar rested for trial on this charge, but was released that he might take part in McClellan s cam paign in Md. in Sept., and took a distinguished part at Antietam. In Dec. he took com. of a division ; fought under Burnside at Freder icksburg ; bore himself gallantly through Hooker s brief campaign in Va. ; was present at Gettysburg ; and was conspicuous in all the engagements from the Wilderness to the Five Forks, where he so disting. himself as to be assigned to the command of the 5th corps, in which capacity he received the arms and colors of the Army of Northern Va. July 28, 1866, he was made col. 35th Inf. ; maj.-gen. U.S. vols. 2 Apr. 1865. In the following winter he was ordered to Galveston to take com. of the depart, of Texas. He was brev. maj. U.S.A. for Bull Run ; lieut.-col. for the battles of the Wilderness ; col. for battle of Weldon Rail road ; brig.-gen. for Five Forks; and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for merit, services during the Rebellion. Griffin, CYRUS, jurist, b. Va. 1749; d. Yorktovvn, Va., Dec. 14, 1810. Educated in Eng., and connected by marriage with a nohle family there, he yet gave early adhesion to the patriot cause ; was a member of the Va. legis. ; member of the Old Congress in 1778-81 and in 1787-8, and its pres. in 1788; pres. of the Sup. Court of Admiralty until its abolition ; commis. in 1789 to the Creek Nation ; judge of the U.S. Dist. Court for Va. from Dec. 1789 until his death. Portfolio, Dec. 1811. Griffin, EDMUND DORR, scholar, b. Wy oming, Pa., Sept 10, 1804; d. New York, Sept. 1, 1830. Col. Coll. 1823, with the first honors. Son of George, a leading member of the N.Y. bar, by a dau. of Col. Zebulon Butler. He studied law a short time; then studied divinity; and in Aug. 1826 was adm. to deacon s orders ; assist, minister of St. James s Church, Hamilton Square, near N.Y. City, and of Christ Church in the city, when he was compelled by a threatened affection of the lungs to abandon the labors of the church and the study; and in Oct. 1828 sailed for Europe, and returned to N.Y. in April, 1 830. In the following May and June he delivered \ lectures upon Roman, Italian, and English J literature. His bro. Francis pub. two vols. of his " Remains," with a Memoir by Rev. John Mac Vicar, 1831. Griffin, EDWARD DORR, D. D. (Un. Coll. 1808), divine, b. E. Haddam, Ct., 6 Jan. 1770; d. Newark, N.J., 8 Nov. 1837. Y.C. 1790. He studied theol. under the second Pres. Edwards at N. Haven ; was pastor of the Cong, church of N. Hartford, 4 June, 1795- 1800; of the Presb. church, Newark, N.J., 20 Oct. 1801-1809 ; of the Park-street Church, Boston, 31 July, 1811-1815; of the 2d Presb. Church, Newark, 1815-21 ; prof, of rhetoric And. Theol. Sem. 21 June, 1809-11; pres. Wms. Coll. 1821-36. Author of " Lectures del. in Park-street Church, Boston," 8vo, 1813 ; and a vol. of Sermons, 1844. A selec tion from his works, with a Memoir of his Life by Rev. Dr. Sprague, was pub. 2 vols. 1839 ; " Recollections of Rev. E. D. Griffin," by Par sons Cooke, 8vo, 1856. Griffin, GEORGE, lawyer and author, b. E. Haddam, Ct, 14 Jan. 1778; d. N.Y. City, 6 May, 1860. Y.C. 1797. Bro. of Edw. Dorr Griffin. Litchf. Law School. Adm. to the bar 1799; practised in Wilkesbarre, Pa., 6 years, GRI 387 GJ-RI and subsequently in N. Y. City. He pub. " Sufferings of Our Saviour," " Evidences of Christianity/ and " The Gospel its own Ad vocate," 1850. Necrol. Yale Coll. Griffith, JOHN, preacher of the Society of Friends ; came to Amer. in 1 726, and trav elled through N.J., Pa., &c. ; author of " Brief Remarks," Lond. 8vo, 1764 ;. "Journal of Life, Travels, and Labors," 8vo, 1779. Allibone. Griffiths, JOHN WILLIS, b. N. Y. City, Oct. 6, 1809. Senior editor of the Nautical Magazine. Author of " Treatise on Naval and Marine Architecture," N.Y., 4to, 1850; "Ship- Builder s Manual and Nautical Referee," N.Y., 4 to. Allibone. Griffitts, SAMUEL POWELL, M.D., phy sician and philanthropist, b. Phila. July 21, 1759; d. there May 12, 1826. He received a classical education at the Coll. of Phila. ; stud- died medicine in the schools of Paris, Mont- pollier, London, and Edinburgh, during three years, returning to Phila. in the fall of 1784, and establishing himself in practice there. In 1786 he founded the Phila. Dispensary; was vice-pres. of the Coll. of Physicians from 1817 till his death ; prof, of materia medica in the U. of Pa. from 1792 to 1796 ; physician to the dispensary 7 years, and was an active member of the Humane Society, the Philos. Society, and the Pa. Society for the Abolition of Sla very. At a general convention for the formation of a Pharmacopoeia, held at Washington, June 1 , 1 820, he laid before that body an " Essay of a Pharmacopoeia," of which he was the prin cipal author. In the great pestilence of 1793, and the epidemics of 1797-9, 1802, and 1805, he remained at his post regardless of personal danger, and performed the most laborious and hazardous services. He displayed great zeal and activity in relieving the suffering and destitution of the French emigrants from St. Domingo in 1793-4, and collected $12,000 for their aid. He was also active in establishing, under the auspices of the Phila. Yearly Meet ing of Friends, an institution for the relief of persons mentally deranged. One of the editors of the Eclectic Repertory, and was a man of great industry, humanity, and piety. Tliacher. Griggs, JOHN, an eminent publisher, b. Cornwall, Eng., 1792 ; d. Phila. 2 Aug. 1864. Left an orphan, he followed the sea ; came to Richmond, Va. ; became a bookseller s clerk in Phila. in 1816 ; commenced the business on his own account in 1823; was highly success ful, and withdrew with a large fortune in 1850. The business of this house, now one of the largest in the U.S., is carried on by Messrs. J. B. Lippincott & Co. His son, JOHN WARNER, d. Aug. 1869, leaving to various charities in Phila. $117,000. Grigsby, HUGH BLAIR, LL.D. (Wm. & M. Coll. 1855), historical writer, b. Norfolk, Va., 1806. Chancellor of Wm. & M. Coll. 1871. Son of Rev.Benj. Member of the Va. convention of 1829-30, respecting which he delivered an address in 1853 before the Va. Hist. So. He also del. a discourse on the Va. convention of 1776 before the Coll. of Wm. and Mary, July 3, 1855, pub. 8vo, 1855; and on L. W. Tazewell before the bar of Nor folk, 29 June, 1860. Among his contribs. t&. the Southern Lit. Messenger is a paper on the Randolph Library. Allibone. Grijalva (gre-hal -va), JUAN DE, the first Spanish navigator who landed on the coast of Mexico, b. Cuellar ; slain by the Indians in Nicaragua, Jan. 21, 1527. Velasquez, gov. of Cuba, his uncle, gave him the com. of a fleet of 4 vessels, which, May 1, 1518, sailed from St. Jago de Cuba to complete the dis coveries made by Fernandez de Cordova in Yucatan in 1517. He coasted the Peninsula of Yucatan; explored as far as the Province of Panuco, giving his name, and that of his companion Alvarado, to two rivers on the coast. On his return, he was reproached by Velasquez for having neglected to plant colo nies on the coast. Grijalva, a man of integrity and prudence, had acted strictly in accordance with his instructions, and against his own judgment. Grimes, JAMES WILSON, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll.), statesman, b. Deering, N.H., Oct. 20, 1816. Dartm. Coll. 1836. Emigrating to the West, he began to practise law at Burlington, Iowa, in 1836 ; was in 1839, and often after ward, a member of the Iowa Terr. Assembly ; gov. of Iowa, 1854-8 ; U.S. senator, 1859-6*9; del. to Peace Con. 61 ; d. Burlington, Feb. 8 72. Grimke, FREDERIC, jurist, bro. of T. S., b. Charleston, S.C., Sept. 1, 1791; d. Chil- licothe, 0., Mar. 8, 1863. Y.C. 1810. Some years pres. judge of the C.C.P. of Ohio. In 1836-41 he was a judge of the O. Supreme Court. Author of a work on the " Nature and Tendencies of Free Institutions," 1848, and of an essay on " Ancient and Modern Lite rature." Grimke, JOHN FAUCHERAUD, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1789), judge of the Sup. Court of S.C. ; d. Aug. 1819. A col. in the Revol. army. He pub. a " Revised Edition of the Laws of S.C. to 1789," "On the Duty of Justices of the Peace," " A Probate Directory," " Public Law of S.C.," Phila. 1790, 4to. Grimke, THOMAS SMITH, LL.D. (Y.C. 1830), scholar and philanthropist, son of Col. John F., b. Charleston, S.C., Sept. 26, 1786; d. of cholera near Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 11, 1834. Y.C.1807. He studied law at Charleston under Langdon Cheves, and rose to eminence at the bar and in the politics of his State. Among his more noted efforts were a speech in the State senate on the tariff ques tion in 1828 in support of the Gen. Govt., and an argument on the constitutionality of the S.C. test act of 1834. He became one of the first classical scholars in the country. He contrib. both by purse and pen to the Amer. Peace Society, of which he was an able and disting. advocate, holding the opinion that even defensive warfare is wicked. He pub. several addresses and orations on various sub jects, a volume of which was pub. at N. Haven in 1831. Grimshaw, WILLIAM, author of school histories and grammar, b. 1782, Greencastle, Ireland ; d. Phila. 1852. Ernig. to Amer. in 1815, and lived many years in Phila. He pub. "Life of Napoleon;" "Etymological Die- GRI 388 tionary," 182] ; " Gentlemen s and Ladies Lexicons," 1829 ; " Merchant s Law-Book ; " " Form Book," " American Chesterfield," &c. Grinnell, MOSES H., merchant, b. New Bedford, Ms., Mar. 3, 1803; was educated at private schools and at Friends Acad. ; was bred a merchant, and frequently went abroad as supercargo. The disting. firm of Grinnell, Minturn, & Co., took that title in 1829, though founded many years before by Joseph Grinnell and Preserved Fish. He was one of the pro moters of Dr. Kane s arctic exped. 1853-5 ; collector of the port of N.Y. 1869-71 ; M.C. 1839-41. JOSEPH, his bro., also a disting. merchant, and M.C. from Ms. 1844-52 ; b. 17 Nov. 1788. Griscom, JOHN, LL.D., educator, b. Han cock s Bridge, Salem Co., N.J., Sept. 27, 1774; d. Burlington, N. J., Feb. 26, 1852. He be longed to a family of Friends. Began to teach at the age of 17, at the same time laboring on a farm ; studied at the Friends Acad. at Phila. ; had charge of the Friends monthly meeting school in Burlington 13 years ; delivered a course of public lectures on chemistry in his schoolroom in 1806 ; removed to N.Y. in 1807, and taught there 25 years. In 1818-19 he travelled extensively in Europe, publishing, on his return, " A Year in Europe/ 2 vols. 1823. He was instrumental in founding the Society for the prevention of Pauperism in 1817 ; was 6 years its sec., and the author of many of its reports and appeals. He also projected the N.Y. high school, which was under his super vision. He Avas a short time prof, of chemistry in Rutgers Med. Coll., and delivered a course of lectures on nat. philos. before the Mercantile Library Assoc. in the winter of 1829-30. In 1832 he taught a Friends board ing-school at Providence, R. I. ; also lecturing on chemistry and nat. philos. The latter part of his life was spent in Burlington, N. J., dis charging the duties of town superintendent, and trustee of the public schools, and re-organ izing the common-school system of N. J. His Memoir, by his son, was pub. in N.Y. 1859. Dui/f-kinck. Griscom, JOHN HOSKINS, physician, son of the preceding, b. N.Y. Aug. 14, 1809. U. of Pa. 1 832. He studied medicine under Profs. Godman and Valentine Mott ; became res. physician of the N.Y. Hospital ; was prof, of chemistry in the N.Y. Coll. of Pharmacy from 1836 to 1840, and has been visiting physician of the N. Y. Hospital since 1843. From 1848 to 1851, he was gen. agent of the commission ers of emigration. He has pub. " Animal Mechanism and Physiology," 1839 ; " Sanitary Condition of the Laboring Classes of N.Y. ;" " Uses and Abuses of Air, and the Means for the Ventilation of Buildings," 1850; an Ora tion before the Acad. of Medicine, 1854 ; and a Memoir of his father, 1859; d. Apr. 28, 1874. Griswold, ALEXANDER VIETTS, U.D. (B.U. and N. J. Colls. 1811), Pr. Ep. Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, b. Simsbttry, Ct., Apr. 22, 1766; d. Boston, Feb. 15, 1843. He fol lowed the occupation of his father, who was a farmer, for many years, devoting all his leisure time to study, until the age of 29, when he was adm. to holy orders. He officiated in his na tive State ; and in May, 1804, removed to Bris tol, R. I., where he became rector of Si. Mi chael s Church, also teaching school. In 1810 the Eastern Diocese was organized ; and May 29, 1811, Dr. Griswold was consec. its first bishop. Though a man of great simplicity of manners, he soon became known as one of the most sagacious as well as learned ecclesiastics of the country, and was for 10 years chancellor of Brown U. In 1829 he removed to Salem, Ms., and became rector of St. Peter s Church in that city, and, a few years subsequently, to Boston, where he resided until his death. On the death of Bishop White, in 1836, he became presiding bishop. He pub. " On the Reforma tion and the Apostolic Office," 1843; "Ser mons," 8vo, Phila. 1830; "Prayers," N.Y. , " Remarks on Social Prayer-Meetings." A Life of Bishop Griswold has been pub. by Rev. J. S. Stone, D.D., Phila., 8vo. Griswold, C. C., landscape-painter, b. Delaware, O., 1834. His grandfather was a bro. of Bishop G. Ezra, his father, assisted in editing and publishing the first newspaper in Columbus, O. C. C., the youngest of 5 bros., went at 17 to Cincinnati to learn wood-engrav ing; came to N.Y. in 1850; exhibited at the Nat. Acad. of Design in 1857 ; and became an academician in 1867. His only instruction was from an elder bro., a painter. Among his best efforts are " December," " Winter Morn ing," " Lust of the Ice," and an " August Day, Newport/ Tuckerman. Griswold, JOHN A., merchant, and M.C from N.Y., 1863-9, b Nassau, Rennselaer Co., N.Y., 1817. Iron-merchant and banker. One year mayor of Troy. An energetic supporter of the Union during the civil war. To his efforts it was principally due that Ericsson s famous monitor was built ; d. Troy, N. Y., Oct. 31,1 872. Griswold, MATTHEW, LL.D. (Y. C. 1779), gov. Ct. 1784-5, b. Lyme, Ct., 1716; d. there April, 1799. His patriotism and love of civil liberty were fully evinced by his public services from 1770 to the close of the lie vol. He was several years lieut.-gov. of the State, and judge of the Supreme Court ; and was pres. of the convention which ratified and adopted the Federal Constitution in 1788. Griswold, ROGER, LL.D. (Y.C. 1812), gov. of Ct. (1811-13), b. Lyme, May 21, 1762 ; d. Norwich, Oct. 25, 1812. Y.C. 1780. Son of Gov. Matthew. Adm. to practise law in 1783; M.C. from 1795 to 1805; warmly at tached to the principles of the Federal party, and a powerful advocate of its measures. In 1801 he declined the office of sec. of war ; in 1807 was app. a judge of the Sup. Court of Ct. ; was lieut.-gov. 1809-11, and was regarded as one of the first men in the nation in talents, political knowledge, force of eloquence, and profound legal ability. Griswold, Rurus WILMOT, D. D., au thor, b. Benson, Rutland Co., Vt., Feb. 15, 1815; d. N.York, Aug. 27,1857. Much of his early life was spent in voyaging about the world ; and before he was 20 he had seen the most interesting portions of his own country, and of Southern and Central Europe. He was at first a printer s apprentice, but studied divin ity, and became a Baptist preacher. He soon GRI 389 became associated in the editorship of periodi cals in Boston, N.Y., and Phila., such as the New-Yorker, Brother Jonathan, and the New World. In 1841 he pub. an anonymous vol. of poems and a vol. of sermons ; in 1842-3 he edited Graham s Magazine, and from 1850 to 1852 the International Magazine in New York. Author of " Poets and Poetry of America," 1842; " Prose- Writers of America," 1846; " The Biographical Annual," 1842 ; " Christian Ballads and other Poems," 8vo, 1844; and " Scenes in the Life of the Saviour," 8vo ; Female Poets of America," 1849; "Sacred Poets of England and America," 1849 ; " Po ets and Poetry of England in the 19th Centu ry," 1854 ; " Curiosities of American Litera ture," appended to Disraeli ; " Washington and the Generals of the Revolution," in con junction with Simms, Ingraham, and others, 2 vols. 1847 ; " Napoleon and the Marshals of the Empire," with H. B. Wallace, 1847 ; and an illustrated vol. entitled " The Republican Court, or American Society in the Days of Washing ton," 1854. He edited the first American edi tion of the prose-works of Milton, and was one of the editors of the works of Edgar A. Poe. He was engaged upon an illustrated Life of Washington at the time of his death. Griswold, STANLEY, jurist, b. Torring- ford, Ct., Nov. 14, 1763; d. Shawneetown, 111., Aug. 21, 1815. Y.C. 1786. He was pastoral New Milford from 1790 to 1802, when he re signed on account of political animosity occa sioned by his Democratic views. He afterward preached a short time in Greenfield ; edited in 1804 a Democratic paper at Walpole, N.H., with spirit and ability ; and in 1805 was app. by Jefferson sec. of Michigan Terr. Remov ing to Ohio, he was U.S. senator in 1809, and was afterward, for a short time, U.S. judge for the North-west Territory. He pub. some politi cal sermons in 1800-2. Gross, JOHN DANIEL, D.D., prof, of moral philos. at Col. Coll. 1787-95, of German, 1784- 95, and minister in New York, b. Germany, 1737 ; d. Canajoharie, May 25, 1812. He had been a pupil of Kern, and became the instruct or of the accomplished Milledoler. During the Revol. he was pastor of a D. R. church on the frontier, and exposed to many perils. At its close he removed to New York. He pub. " Natural Principles of Rectitude," a sys tematic treatise on moral philos., 8vo, 1795. Gross, SAMUEL D., M.D. (1828), physician and surgeon, b. near Easton, Northampton Co., Pa., July 8, 1805. He began practice in Phila., translating Holland s " General Anatomy," Hutin s " Manual of Obstetrics," Hilden- brand on " Typhus-Fever," and Tavernier s " Operative Surgery." His first original work was "Diseases and Injuries of the Bones and Joints/ 1830. He moved to Easton in 1830, but in the fall of 1833 went to Cincinnati as demonstrator of anatomy in the Med. Coll. of Ohio. He became prof, of pathological anat omy there in 1835, delivering the first systemat ic course of lectures on morbid anatomy ever given in this country ; and pub. " Elements of Pathological Anatomy," 2 vols. 1839. Prof, of surgery in the Louisville U. 1840-50. Prof, of surgery in the U. of N.Y., but resumed his chair in Louisville shortly after. Since 1856 he has filled the chair of surgery in Jeff. Coll. Phila. His other works are " Wounds of the Intestines," 1843; "Diseases, Injuries, and Malformations of the Urinary Organs/ 1851 ; " Foreign Bodies in the Air-Passages," 1854; "Report on the Causes which retard the Progress of American Medical Literature," 1856; "System of Surgery, Pathological, Di agnostic, Therapeutic, and Operative," 2 vols. 1859. He pub. in 1861 " Amer. Medical Biog raphy." In conjunction with Dr. Richardson, he founded and edits the N. A. Medico-Chirur- yical Review, and has contrib. numerous papers to various medical periodicals. Grover, CUVIER, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Bethel, Me., July 24, 1829. West Point, 1 850. Entering the 1 st Art., he became in 1 855 Istlieut. 10th Inf. ; Sept. 17, 1858, capt.; brig.- gen. of vols. April 14, 1862; maj. 3d Inf. 31 Aug. 1863 ; lieut.-col. 38th Inf. 28 July, 1866. He was assigned a brigade in Heintzelman s corps of the Army of the Potomac. At the second battle of Bull Run, his brigade fought under Gen. Hooker, and disting. itself by a bayonet-charge. When Hooker took command of the troops at Fairfax, Grover took Hooker s division. He com. a division 19th corps Dept. of the Gulf, 30 Dec. 1862, to July, 1864; and in the Shenandoah campaign, Aug.-Dec. 1864, being engaged at Opequan, Fisher s Hill, and at Cedar Creek, where he was wounded ; and com. dist. of Savannah, Ga., Jan.-June, 1865 ; brev. lieut.-col. for Williamsburg, col. for Fair Oaks, brig.-gen. for Cedar Creek, and maj.- gen. for merit, services during the Rebellion. Cullum. Groves, WEBBER, author of a work on " Commercial Intercourse between Great Brit ain and America ; " d. N.H., Mar. 1793, a. 97. Grow, GALUSHA A. .politician, b. Ashford, Ct., Aug. 31, 1823. Amh. Coll. 1844. Adm. to the bar in 1847 ; settled among the moun tains of Pa. for his health, and was in 1850 a surveyor of wild lands; M.C. 1851-3, 55- 7, and 1859-63 ; chairman of the com. on Ter ritories, 1859-61 ; delegate to the Bait, con vention 1864 ; speaker of 37th Congress. Grund, FRANCIS J., author, b. Germany ab. 1803; d. Phila. Sept. 29, 1863, from apo plexy induced by alarm at an apprehended as sault by a mob. He had been long a resident of Phila., and was a frequent contrib. to the public prints. Under Pres. Buchanan he held a foreign app. ; and in 1861 was consul at Havre. Returning to Phila. soon after, he es- tab. there a new paper, The Age. The even ing before his death, he made an able speech at the Union League in Phila. Author of " The Americans in their Moral, Social, and Political Relations," 1837 ; " Aristocracy in America," 1839 ; " Algebraic Problems ; " ele ments of " Chemistry," and of " Nat. Philos ophy ; " and " Plane and Solid Geometry." Grundy, FELIX, jurist and statesman, b. Berkeley Co., Va., Sept. 11, 1777; d. Nash ville, Tenn., Dec. 19, 1840. His father, an Englishman, moved to Ky. in 1780. Felix was educated at the Bardstown Acad. by the cele brated Priestley ; studied law, and became emi nent, especially in criminal cases. Member of 390 GUItt the Ky. Const. Conv. in 1799 ; member of the legisl. 1800-5; chosen judge of the Sup. Court in 1806 ; and soon afterward chief justice. Re moving to Nashville in the winter of 1807-8, he held there the first rank in his profession ; M.C. 1811-14, and a firm supporter of the ad ministration during the war with Great Brit ain ; several years in the Tenn legisl. ; U.S. senator 1829-38, and again in 1840 ; and U.S. atty.-gen. 1838-40. He was a zealous support er of Gen. Jackson. Nat. Port. Gallenj. Grymes, JOHN R., an eminent lawyer, b. Orange Co., Va., 1786; d. N. Orleans, Dec. 4, 1854. Removing to La. in 1808, he took a prominent part in all public transactions ; was a vol. aide to Gen. Jackson at the battle of N. Orleans ; was his counsellor in the subsequent legal proceedings which obtained such histori cal notoriety ; held at times the office of U.S. dist.-atty. and of atty.-gen. ; and served in the State legisl. and in the State Const. Conv. He was engaged, directly or indirectly, in nearly every case of magnitude in the courts where he practised ; was a man of acknowledged learning and eloquence ; and was counsel for Mrs. Gaines, in opposition to Mr. Webster. Guardiola, SANTOS, pres. of Honduras, b. Tegucigalpa, 1812. Entering the army at an early age, his daring and cruelty in the civil wars of Central America earned him the name of the " Tiger of Honduras." In an ef fort to overthrow the govt. of his native State in 1850, he was defeated and banished. In 1856 he joined the Nicaraguan forces as gen. of division. Defeated, first by Walker, then by Munoz, and returned to Honduras, where, by a revol. movement, aided from Guatimala, he was raised to the presidency. Guatimozin (gwa-te-mo -zin), last king of Mexico ; d. Feb. 15, 1525. Neph. of Montezuma, on the death of whose bro. Quetlevaca, in 1520, he was unanimously raised to the throne. He exerted himself with vigor in the defence of his capital, and repulsed an attempt by Cortes to take it by storm. Attempting to retreat across the lake, he was intercepted by the brig and nes posted for that purpose, and made pris oner. When brought before Cortes, he con ducted himself with the calm dignity of a prince who was conscious of having done all in his power to save his country, and was will ing to fall along with it. Irritated by the smallness of the treasures found in the cap tured city, Cortes inhumanly ordered Guati mozin to be put to the torture in order to force a discovery of more. He, with his chief favor ite, was stretched upon burning coals. He en dured the pain in silence, and observing his companion to cast a piteous look, as if desirous to relieve himself by a disclosure, he darted an indignant glance upon him, exclaiming, " Do I lie upon a bed of flowers? " Ashamed of his cruelty, Cortes rescued the king, and remanded him to prison. Some time after, upon an in surrection of the Mexicans, the Spaniard, upon H baresuspicion that Guatimozin was concerned in the plot, caused him to be hanged without trial. Guerard, BENJAMIN, gov. of S.C. 1783- 5 ; speaker of the house, 1783 ; d. Charleston, 8.C., Jan. 1789. Guerrero (gSr-ra -ro), VICENTE, pres. of Mexico 1829; d. Feb. 14, 1831. BybirthaCre- ole. At the commencement of the rcvol. he took arms against the royalists. From 1819 to 1828, Gen. Guerrero repeatedly became the rallying- point of the liberal or popular party, the "Tor- kinos, and was repeatedly called into active service in his military capacity. Having been successful in various contests, he at length in 1829 was elected to the presidency. The ex- ped. of Barradas soon gave employment to the new govt., and, the better to enable the pres. to meet the exigency, he was invested with extraor dinary powers ; but after the victory over the Spanish troops, and when the invading expedi tion was destroyed, Guerrero evinced an unwill ingness to relinquish the dictatorship, which became the pretext of another revol. ; and Bustamente, the vice-pres., assumed the reins of government. Guerrero, having been desert ed by his troops, resigned his office to Busta mente. In Sept. 1830, Guerrero collected a large force at Valladolid, and established a form of govt. in opposition to that of Bustamente ; but he was soon after defeated by Gen. Bravo, taken, and shot at Cailapa. Guess, GEORGE, or SEQUOYAH, a Chero kee half-breed, inventor of the Cherokee alpha bet, b. ab. 1770; d. San Fernando, Northern Mexico, in Aug. 1843. He cultivated a small farm in the Cherokee country of Ga., and was known as an ingenious silversmith, when in 1826 he invented a syllabic alphabet of the language of his nation, of 85 characters, which was applied to writing and printing with com plete success. Cherokee children were able to master the alphabet in a short time, and to write letters to their friends ; and a newspaper called the Phcenix was established in 1828. He accomp. his tribe in their emigration beyond the Mpi., and resided for some time in Brain- erd. Guest, JOHN, capt. U.S.N., b. Mo. March 7,1821. Midshipman Dec. 16, 1837; lieut. Dec. 24, 1850 ; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. Attached to steamer "Poinsett," survey of Tampa Bay, 1844-5 ; to frigate " Congress," Pacific squad, in Mexican war, 1845-8; boarded at Shanghai in 1854 a Chi nese man-of-war, and liberated a pilot-boat s crew who were under the protection of the Amer. flag ; second in com. of " The Plym outh " in a severe action with the Chinese at Shanghai, April, 1854; in com. of the boats of " The Niagara," cut out rebel schooner " Aid," under the guns of Fort Morgan, Aug. 1861 ; com. steamer " Owasco " at capture of N. Orleans and battles on the Mississippi, in cluding Vicksburg, 1862 ; com. iron-clad " Le- high " 1863, and steamer " losco " at both at tacks on Fort Fisher. Guild, REUBEN A., librarian of Brown U. since 1848, b. West Dedham, Ms., 1822. B.U. 1847. Has pub. "Life of James Manning," 1864; "Librarian s Manual," 1858; "Hist. Sketch of Brown Univ.," and " Account of the Writings of Roger Williams," 1862. Gummere, JOHN, teacher, b. Willow Grove, Pa., 1784; d. 1845. He taught school over 40 years successively at Horsham, Ranco- cus, West Town, Burlington, and Haverford 391 Upon his retirement from the Friends Coll. at Haverfbrd, he resumed his boarding-school at Burlington (previously conducted by him in 1814-33) in connection with his eldest son Samuel J. His celebrated Treatise on Survey ing passed through many editions. His As tronomy was pub. 1822. A Memorial of his Life was privately printed by W. J. Allinson of Burlington, 1845. A.M. of N. J. Coll. 1825 ; U. of Pa. 1826. Allibone. Gunnison, JOHN W., captain U.S. engi neers, b. N.H. 181 1 ; killed by the Utah Indians Oct. 26, 1853, on the Sevier River, while su perintending a govt. survey. West Point, 1837. He served in the Seminole war, and for about 10 years was employed in the survey of the North-western Lakes and in the improve ment of the harbors ; in 1849-51 he was asso ciated with Capt. Stansbury in the survey of the Great Salt Lake Region, and made an able report thereon. Author of a work on the Mormons, Phila. 8vo, 1852. Gurney, GEN. FRANCIS, b. Bucks Co., Pa., about 1738 ; d. May 25, 1815. After re- reiving a country-school education, he vol. in the Provincial army ; participated in the ex ploits and dangers of Putnam and other parti san officers; and took part in the capture of Cape Breton and Guadaloupe. After the war, he settled as a merchant in Phila. ; was among the first to raise his voice in behalf of the liberties of his country ; was highly in strumental in forming and disciplining military corps. App. acapt. May 25, 1775, he became in 1776 lieut.-col. in the llth Pa. regt., and was at the battles of Iron Hill, Brandywine, and Germantown. He resumed mercantile pursuits at the peace. Was warden of the port of Phila., alderman, pres. of the select council, representative and senator in the State legisl., a trustee of Dick. Coll., and brig.-gen of mili tia. He com. a regt. employed in quelling the " Whiskey Insurrection " in 1794. Portfolio, 1815. Gurowski, COUNT ADAM DE, b. Palati nate of Kalisz, Poland, Sept. 10, 1805 ; d. Wash ington, May 4, 1866. Son of Count Ladislas G., who lost most of his estates in consequence of the insurrection of 1794. Adam was in 1818, and again in 1819, expelled from school for patriotic ebullitions. From 1820 to 1825 he studied in various German universities. He was several times imprisoned by Constantine for opposition to Russian influence. From 1836 to 1844 he was employed in Russia by the emperor, first in his private chancery, and after ward in the department of public instruction ; and lectured 2 years at the U. of Berne on Polit. Economy. He came to the U. S. in 1849, and wrote for the N. Y. Tribune. He pub. "La Verite sur la Russie," 1835 ; "La Civilisation ft la Russie," 1840; " Pensees sur I Avenir des Polonais," 1841 ; " Impressions et Souvenirs," 1846 ; " Panslavism." 1848 ; " Russia as it Is," 1 854 ; I A Year of the War/ 8vo, N.Y., 1855 ; " America and Europe," 1857; and a " Diary," 1862-4. Count G. spoke 8 languages fluently. Guthrie, JAMES, LL.D., lawyer and states man, b. near Bardstown, Nelson Co., Ky., Dec. 5, 1792 ; d. Louisville, Ky., March 13, 1869. Of Scotch descent. His father, Gen. Adam Guthrie, was an early pioneer to rhb West from Va. ; bore a disting. part in the struggles with the Jndians, and represented his county in the Ky. legisl. for 8 or 10 years. James, after completing his academical course at Bardstown, became a trader on the Mpi., but afterwards studied law, and acquired a lucrative practice in Louisville, Ky., where he settled in 1820. Mr. Guthrie for 15 years represented that city in the legisl. with great ability, integrity, and zeal. He was disting. as a debater and business-man, and pres. over the convention which formed the new con stitution of Ky. in 1850; sec. of the treasury under Pierce in 1853-7. He was a delegate to the Chicago Democ. Convention in 1864; was elected to the U.S. senate in 1865, but resigned from ill health in Feb. 1866. He was stead fastly loyal during the war, and was active in preventing Ky. from joining the Confederacy. Though strongly opposed to antislavery agi tation, he did not believe in secession as a remedy. Guthrie, DR. SAMDEL, chemist, d. Sack- ett s Harbor, N.Y., Oct. 19, 1848. He is said to have invented and first manufactured per cussion-pills, which, with "caps," have en tirely superseded the old flint-lock fire-arm. In his experiments he nearly lost his life from accidental explosions. He is noted for being one of the three independent discoverers of chloroform, which was simultaneously obtained by Soubeirau in France, and Liebig in Germany, although its anaesthetic properties were unknown for a long time after. Guyot (g"e -o ), ARNOLD HENRY, Ph. D., LL.D., naturalist, b. near Neuchatel, Switzer land, Sept. 8, 1807. Berlin U. 1835. He was early acquainted with Agassiz, with whom he studied ; and quitted theol. for scientific pur suits. His thorough investigations into the ge ology of the Alps, particularly upon the trans portation of bowlders, were pub. Paris, 1848. From 1839 to 1848 he was prof, of history and physical geography at the Acad. of Neuchatel. The political disturbances of the times caused him to emigrate to the U.S. A course of lec tures delivered at Boston in the winter of 1848-9, on the Relations between Physical Geography and History, were pub. with the title "Earth and Man," 1849. He subsequently made scientific tours in the U.S., and delivered lectures in the Ms. normal schools. In 1855 he became prof, of physical geography in N.J. Coll. Also author of " Directions for Meteoro logical Observations," 8vo, 1 850 ; " Meteorolo gical Tables," 8vo, 1852; and of a series of maps and of school geographies in general use. Duyckinck. Gwin, WILLIAM MCKENDRY, politician, b. Sumner Co., Tenn., Oct. 9, 1805. Transylv. U. Ky. He studied medicine; settled at Vicks- burg, Mpi. ; was app. U.S. marshal for Mpi. in 1833 ; and was M.C. from 1841 to 1843. He was commis. of public buildings to superintend the erection of the N. Orleans custom-house in 1847 ; removed to Cal. in 1848; was a mem ber of the convention for framing the constitu tion of Cal. in 1849; and was one of the first U.S. senators from that State, having been elected in 1850, and re-elected in 1856. Earlj 392 in 1861 he vas arrested for disloyalty, but was released in 1865. In Jan. 1865 he was at the head of an emigration scheme for the settle ment of secessionists in Sonora, under the aus pices of Maximilian. Gwin, WILLIAM, commander U.S.N., b. Columbus, Ind., 1831; d. Jan. 3, 1863, from wounds received at Haines Bluff. Midshipm. 1847; lieut. Sept. 15, 1856; July 16, 1862, lieut. commander. He com. the " Cambridge " blockader on the Atlantic coast ; in the " Ty ler ; " served at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, the Yazoo exped., and the attack on Haines Bluff. Gwinnett, BUTTON, signer of the Declara tion of Independence, b. Eng. ab. 1732; d. May 27, 1777. After receiving a good educa tion, and engaging in mercantile pursuits at Bristol, in 1770 he emig. to Charleston, S.C. In 1772 he purchased a plantation with a number of negroes on St. Catherine s Island, Ga., and gave his attention to agriculture. Though an opponent of British oppression, yet he was one of those cautious, doubting men, who viewed the success of the Colonies in an open rupture with Eng. as highly prob lematical. Shortly after the commencement of the Revol., he took an active part in politi cal affairs ; and in 1776 the Gen. Assembly of the Province elected him a representative to the Gen. Congress. In Feb. 1777 he was app. a member of the State Const. Conv. ; and is said to have furnished the basis of the instru ment afterwards adopted. He was soon chosen pres. of the prov. council, and in this station displayed personal enmity in thwarting the operations of Gen. Mclntosh, by whom he was mortally wounded in a duel, May 15. In May, 1777, Gwinnett was an unsuccessful candidate for the office of gov. of the State. Gwyn, FRANCIS EDWARD, a British gen. ; d. Jan. 1822. App. ensign 17th Dragoons, Feb. 1760; capt. 16th Drags. July, 1769; maj. Aug. 1 775 ; lieut.-col. 20th Drags. May, 1 779 ; col. March, 1794; maj.-gen.Dec. 1793; lieut.- gen. June, 1799; gen. Apr. 1808; gov. of Sheerness, 1815. He served in three cam paigns in America under Howe, Clinton, and Cornwallis, in com. of the British cavalry. Philipart. Gwyn, JOHN, capt. U.S.N., b. Md. ; d. Palermo, Sicily, Sept. 4, 1849. Midshipm. May 18, 1809 ; lieut. Apr. 27, 1816; com. Feb. 9, 1*837 ; capt. Apr. 17, 1842. Habersham, JAMES, statesman, b. Bever ly, Yorkshire, Eng., 1712; d. N. Brunswick, N. J., Aug. 28, 1775. He accomp. his friend Geo. Whitefield to Savannah, where they ar rived May 7, 1738. There he opened a school for orphans and destitn te children ; but in 1744 became a merchant. In 1750 he was app. with Pickering Robinson a commissioner to advance the culture of silk in the colony; in 1754 he was app. sec. of the pi-ovince, and one of the councillors ; in 1767 he was pres. of the upper house of assembly; in 1769-72 the duties of gov. devolved upon him in the absence of Sir James Wright. Three of his sons, James, Jo- t>oph, and John, were zealous patriots. Ga. Ml*. 197; Habersham, MAJOR JOHN, d. Chatham Co., Ga., Nov. 19, 1799, a. 45. Maj. 1st Ga. cont. regt. ; member Cont. Cong. 1785-6; col lector of the port of Savannah 1789-99. Habersham, COL. JOSEPH, statesman, son of James, b. Savannah, Ga., July 28, 1751 ; d. there Nov. 17, 1815. In July, 1774, he was a member of the first com. app. by the friends of liberty in Ga. ; was one of those who in 1775 seized the powder in the arsenal for the use of the patriots ; in June was app. to the council of safety; and in July com. a party which captured a govt. ship with munitions of war, including 15,000 pounds of powder. Jan. 18, 1776, while a member of the Assembly, he raised a party of vols., who took Gov. Wright prisoner, and confined him to his house under a guard. App. Feb. 4, 1776, maj. of the 1st Ga. batt., he defended Savannah from a Brit ish naval attack early in March. When Sa vannah was taken in the winter of 1778, he re moved his family to Va., but, on the landing of D Estaing, engaged in the disastrous at tack in Sept. 1779. At the close of the war, he held the rank of lieut.-col. In 1785 and again in 1790 he was speaker of the Assembly. App. by Washington postmaster-gen, in 1795 ; resigned 1801. Pres. of the U.S. Branch Bank at Savannah from 1802 until the expiration of its charter. A county of his native State bears his name. Nat. Port. Gallery. Hackett, HORATIO BALCH, D.D., LL.I) (Amh. 1862), biblical scholar, b. Salisbury, Ms., Dec. 27, 1808. Amh. Coll. 1830. He Studied theol. at Andover until 1834, and then at Halle and Berlin in Germany ; was a tutor one year at Amh. Coll. ; 4 years prof, of an cient languages at Brown U. ; and from 1839 to 1868 occupied the chair of biblical litera ture in the Newton Theol. Inst. He travelled in Europe in 1851-2; and in 1858-9 studied modern Greek at Athens to aid him in inter preting the New Testament, besides visiting Grecian cities of biblical interest. He has pub. Plutarch, with notes, 1844 ; a translation of Winer s Chaldee Grammar, with additions, 1845; "Hebrew Grammar," " Hebrew Reader," 1847 ; " Commentary on the Acts," 1851 and 1858; "Illustrations of Scripture, suggested by a Tour through the Holy Land," 1855, re printed in Eng. and Scotland ; and " Christian Memorials of the War," 12mo, 1864. He has contrib. much to the Christian Review and the Bibliotheca Sacra; d. Rochester, N.Y. Nov. 2, 75. Hackett, JAMES HENRY, comedian, b. N.Y. Mar. 15, 1800. At first engaged in trade, and in 1819 m. Catharine Leesugg, a popular actress at the Park Theatre, who d. Dec. 4, 1845, a. 47. He first appeared at the Park Theatre in Mar. 1826 as Justice Wood cock, in " Love in a Village," and soon became a favorite in broad comedy. In 1828, again in 1832, and 1845, he played in Eng. with suc cess ; and in the intervals performed in most of the Amer. cities. In 1849 he was a joint manager, with Wm. Niblo, of the Astor-place Opera House during the engagement of Mac- ready, which resulted in the Astor-place riots. He was in Lond. again in 1851. He was one of the first to introduce the Yankee type of our character upon the stage, and was popular in such parts as Nirnrod Wildfire in " The Ken- 393 tuckian," F.ilstafF, and other humorous Shak- spearian characters, and was a great mimic. Author of " Notes, Criticisms," &c., on Shak- speare, 1863. D. Jamaica, L.I., 21 Dec. 1871. Hackleman, PLEASANT ADAM, brig.-gen. vols., b. Franklin Co., Ind., 1817 ; killed at the battle of Corinth, Oct. 4, 1862. He was a prominent lawyer, and edited the Rushville Re publican from 1840 to 1861. In 1841 he was a member of the Ind. legisl., and for several years after clerk of Rush Co.; in 1860 he was a member of the Repub. Nat. Conv. at Chicago ; member of the peace conference at Washington, Feb. 4, 1861 ; entered the ser vice in May as col. 10th Ind. vols., and, after the first battle of Bull Run, served under Gen. Banks in Va. Made brig.-gen. Apr. 28, 1862, he was in June ordered to report to Gen. Grant in the S.W. He took an active part in the battle of luka ; and at Corinth fell in the second day s fight. Hackley, CHARLES W., clergyman and teacher, b. Herkimer Co., N.Y., Mar. 9, 1809 ; d. N.Y. Jan. 10, 1861. West Point, 1829. Acting assist, prof, of math, at West Point to Sept. 1833. Prot.-Epis. clergyman from 1834 ; Srof. math, in Univ. of N.Y. 1833-9 ; pres. of eff. Coll. Mpi. 1839 ; prof. math, and astron. Col. Coll. 1843-61. Author of "Treatise on Algebra," 1846 ; " Elementary Course of Ge ometry," 1847 ; and " Elements of Trigonom etry." He was a contrib. to many scientific periodicals as well as to the journals of the day, and was active in the establishment of an as tron. observatory in N.Y. City. Hadden, JAMES M., a Brit. gen. ; d. Eng. Oct. 28, 1817. He was a loyalist; served un der Burgoyne and Cornwallis ; app. lieut. art. July 7, 1779; capt. Mar. 1784; col. 1804; maj.-geu. 1811; sec. to the Duke of Richmond in 1793; adj. -gen. under Sir Charles Stuart in Portugal. Haddock, CHARLES BRICKETT, D. D., belles-lettres scholar, b. Franklin, N.H., June 20, 1796 ; d. W. Lebanon, N.H., Jan. 15, 1861. Dartm. Coll. 1816; And. Sem. 1819. His moth er was a sister of Daniel Webster. He occu pied the chair of rhetoric and belles-lettres at Dartm. Coll. from 1819 to 1838, and that of intell philos. and polit. econ. from 1838 to 1854. He was charge d affaires from the U.S. to Portugal from 1850 to 1854. He was 4 years in the N.H. legisl., where he introduced and carried through the present common-school system of the State, and was the first school commiss. under it. He was the father of the railroad system in N.H., had written with abil ity on almost every subject, and was thorough ly versed in public law. His anniv. orations, lectures, reports for 15 years on education, ser mons, writings on agriculture, rhetoric, &c., are quite numerous. He pub. a vol. of address es and other writings, including occasional sermons, 8vo, 1846 ; and was a contrib. to the , Bibl. Repertory, the Bibliotheca Sacra, and other periodicals. Hadley, JAMES, LL,D. (Wesl. U. 1866), scholar, son of James, prof, of chem. of Geneva Coll. (1840-53), b. Fairfield, Herkimer Co., N.Y., 30 Mar. 1821. Y.C. 1842. Assist. prof, of Greek at Yale, 1848-51 ; since which he has been full prof. Married in Aug. 1851 a dau. of Stephen Twining of N. Haven. Author of a Greek grammar, 1860, founded on the German work of G. Curtius, and " Elements of the Greek Language," 1869. Contrib. to various lit. and scient-periodicals, especially the New-Englander. Thomas. Hagner, PETER V., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. D.C. West Point, 1836. Enter ing the 1st Art., he was trans, to the ordnance corps in 1838; became capt. 10 July, 1851 ; maj. 3 Aug. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 1 June, 1863 ; col. 7 Mar. 1867; brev. capt. 18 Apr. 1847 for Cerro Gordo ; brev. maj. 13 Sept. 1847 for Chapultepec ; and brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 ; wounded at the San Cosme Gate in assault on and capture of City of Mexico, 14 Sept. 1847. Outturn. Hague, WILLIAM, D.D. (B.U. 1849), clergyman and author, b. N.Y. ab. 1805. Ham. Coll., N.Y., 1826. He has been pastor of Baptist churches in Boston, Providence, New ark (N.J.), Albany, N.Y. City, Chicago, (111.) ; and is now (1870) at Orange, N.J. Besides many occasional addresses and minor works, he has pub. the " Baptist Church Transplanted from the Old World to the New," 1846; " Christianity and Statesmanship," 1855 ; " Home Life," 1855 ; " Guide to Conv. on the Gospel of St. John ; " " Review of Drs. Way- land and Fuller on Slavery ; " Hist. Dis course, 200th anniv. 1st Bapt. Ch., Prov., 7 Nov. 1839. Hahn, MICHAEL, gov. of La. 1864-8, b. Bavaria, Nov. 1830. Brought to La. when a child, and educated in New Orleans ; became a lawyer; and was M.C. in 1862-4. LL.B. U. of La. Haight, HENRY HUNTLY, gov. Cal. 1867- 71, b. Rochester, N.Y., 20 May, 1825. Y.C. 1844. Son of Fletcher M. Adm. to the bar of St. Louis in Oct. 1846 ; settled in the prac tice of law in San Francisco in 1850; U.S. district judge of Cal. under Pres. Lincoln. Gov. H. practised law successfully in St. Louis, and afterward in San Francisco ; and early in the war was a Repub., but was elected gov. by the Democ. party. Haines, CHARLES GLIDDEN, lawyer and politician, b. Canterbury, N. H., 1793 ; d. Bloomingdale, N. Y., July 3, 1852. Midd. Coll. 1816. He began to practise in N.Y. in 1818 ; and was a political supporter of DeWitt Clinton, and adj. -gen. of the State. He pub. " Considerations on the Canal," 1818 ; " Me moir of T. A. Emmet," 1829. N. Y. States man, July 8. Hakluyt (hak -loot), RICHARD, one of the corp. of adventurers for the prosecution of discoveries in N. A., b. 1555; d. Eaton, Herefordshire, Nov. 23, 1616, a. 61. He com menced his education at Westminster School. Removing in 1575 to Christ Church Coll., Ox ford, he became so eminent for his acquaintance with cosmography, that he was app. public lecturer on that science. He pub. in 1582 a "Collection of Voyages and Discoveries," which was the basis of a subsequent work on a larger scale. In 1587 he translated into English a French account of Florida by Capt Laudonnier, which he dedicated to Sir W HLAJL, 394 Raleigh. After his return from Paris in 1589, where he had been five years chaplain to the English ambassador, and during which absence he had been nominated to a prebend in Bristol Cathedral, he was chosen by Raleigh a member of the corporation, to whom he assigned his patent for the prosecution of discoveries in Amer. In consequence of this, he prepared his grand work, " The Principal Navigations, Voyages, and Discoveries of the English Nation, made by Sea or Overland within the Compass of these 1500 Years." The first vol. in folio was pub. in 1589, the third and last in 1600. In 1605 Hakluyt was promoted to a prebend at Westminster, which, with the rectory of Weth- eringset, Suffolk, was his only ecclesiastical preferment. He pub. several geographical works besides those above .mentioned ; among them " Virginia richly valued by the Descrip tion of Florida," London, 1609, 4to, which is both scarce and curious ; a " Historic of the West Indies/ translated from Peter Martyr ; a translation of Leo s " Description of Africa," and Antonio Galvano s " History of Dis co s r eries " from the Portuguese. The manu script papers of Hakluyt were used by Purchas, another geographical collector. The name of this author has been perpetuated by a contem porary navigator, Henry Hudson, who gave the name of Hakluyt s headland to a promon- torv on the coast of Greenland in 1608. Biog. Brit. Haldeman. S. S., naturalist and philol ogist, b. near Columbia, Lancaster Co., Pa., 1812. He studied at Dick Coll. until 1830; was app. an assist, in the N.J. geol. survey in 1836, and in that of Pa. in 1837. While thus engaged, he discovered the oldest fossil then known, the " Scoiithus Linearis." He held the chair of natural history in the U. of Pa. from 1851 to 1855, and since then in Del. Coll., Newark. He is also prof, of geol. and chem. to the Agric. Society of Pa. at Harrisburg, and is a disdng. entomologist. In the " Biblio- graphia " of Agassiz is a list of 73 memoirs, by Haldeman, of subjects in con chology, entomol ogy, and paleontology, pub. in various scientific journals. His recent investigations have been into the philos. of language. They are em bodied in an essay, " Analytic Orthography," which obtained in Eng. in 1858 the highest Trevellyan prize over 18 European competitors. His memoir on the relations of the Chinese and English languages appeared in the "Pro ceedings " of the Amer. Assoc. for the Ad vancement of Science in 1856. He has also pub. " Zoological Contributions," Phila. 1842- 3 ; " Report on Linguistic Ethnology," 8vo, Camb. 1856. Haldimand, SIR FREDERICK, K.B., a British gen., b. in canton of Neuchatel, Oct. 1718; d. at Yverdun, Switzerland, June 5, 1791. He early entered the Prussian service, but in 1754, with his friend Bouquet, entered the British army ; and he was app. lieut.-col. of the 60th Roy. Amer. Regt. Jan. 4, 1756, and came to Amer. in 1757. He disting. himself signally in the attack on Ticonderoga, July 8, 1758 ; and, by his defence of Oswego in 1759 against the attack of 4,000 French and Indians under La Corne, won high renown. He ac- comp. the army under Amherst from Oswege to Montreal in 1760; and in 1762 was pro moted to be col. Employed in Fla. in 1767, immediately on his arrival at Pensacola he caused the fort to be considerably extended, widened the streets, and otherwise improved the place. May 25, 1772, he became maj.-gen. in America, and, in Oct. following, col. of the 60th Foot. He returned to England in Aug. 1775 for the purpose of giving information to the ministry on the state of the Colonies, and was commissioned a gen. in America, Jan. 1, 1776; in 1777 lieut.-gen. in the army, and lieut.-gov. of Quebec, where he succeeded Carleton as gov. in 1778, and administered its affairs in an oppressive and arbitrary manner until the close of 1784, when he returned to England. Hale, BENJAMIN, D.D., educator, b. New- bury, Ms., Nov. 23, 1797; d. July 15, 1863. Bowd. Coll. 1818. On leaving college, he be came principal of the Saco Acad. ; then studied theology at Andover ; was licensed to preach as a Congregationalist in Jan. 1822; became tutor in Bowd. Coll. in 1823, and principal of the Gardiner Lyceum 1822-7 ; prof of chem istry and mineralogy in Dartm. Coll. from 1827 to 1835 ; spent the winter of 1835-6 in St. Croix, W.I. ; and was pres. of Geneva Coll., N.Y., from 1836 until from ill health compelled to resign, Jan. 19, 1858. While at Dartm. Coll. he took orders in the Prot.-Epis. Church ; delivered lectures on chemistry, pharmacy, med. jurisprudence, and nat. philos., and founded its valuable geol. and mineral, cabinet. He pub. " Introduction to the Me chanical Principles of Carpentry," 1827; and " Scriptural Illustrations of the Liturgy," 1835 ; besides sermons, addresses, and educa tional pamphlets. Hale, CHARLES, journalist, b. Boston, June 7, 1831. H.U. 1850. Son of Nathan. In 1852 he established and edited To- Day, a literary journal ; was subsequently editor of the Boston Daily Advertiser; and was U.S. consul to Egypt 1864-70. Author of several pamphlets ; contrib. to the N, Amer. Rev. and the Amer. Almanac. Hale, DAVID, journalist, b. Lisbon, Ct., Apr. 25, 1791 ; d. Fre dericksburg, Va., Jan. 20, 1849. Son of Rev. David of South Cov entry. After teaching school for a time, he removed to Boston in 1809, and in 1815 com menced business there, but was unsuccessful. He was a vigorous writer, and a frequent contrib. to periodicals. In 1827 he removed to N.Y., and became the assoc. editor of the Journal of Com merce, and afterwards a joint proprietor in it. He was a prominent advocate of free-trade, the sub-treasury, and other financial measures of the Democratic party. In 1840 he purchased the Broadway Tabernacle, a large public hall, where an Orthodox Cong, church on the N. England plan of individual freedom was estab lished. He gave liberally to other churches, and maintained missionaries in several of the thinly-settled portions of the country. A Memoir, with some of his writings, was pub. by Rev. Joseph P. Thompson, 8vo, 1845. Hale, EDWARD EVERETT, clergyman and author, b. Boston, Apr. 3, 1822. H.U. 1839. 395 Pastor .if the Church of the Unity, Worcester, from Apr. 29, 1846, to 1856 ; and of the South Cong. Church, Boston, since that time. Son of Hon. Nathan Hale. Has pub. " The Ro sary," 12mo, 1848; "Margaret Perceval in America," 12mo, 1850 ; " Sketches of Christian History," 12mo, 1850; " Kansas and Nebraska," 12mo, 1854; "Letters on Irish Emigration," 1852 ; " Man without a Country ; " " If, Yes, and Perhaps," 1868; " Ingham Papers;" " Ten Times One are Ten," 1870; "Life of Sir Ralph Lane," in Trans. Antiq. Soc. v. ; " Sybaris and Other Homes." Editor and contrib. to the Christian Examiner, Old and New, and many other periodicals. Hale, ENOCH, M.D. (H.U. 1813), physician, b. Westhampton, Ms., Jan. 19, 1790; d. Bos ton, Nov. 12, 1848. Son of Rev. Enoch, first minister of Westhampton (1779-1837). Heat- tended Prof. Silliman s lectures on chemistry ; studied med. under Drs. Bigelow and Warren; and after practising until 1816 at Gardiner, Me., removed to Boston, where he continued to practise extensively until the close of his life. He was long an active member and officer of the Ms. Med. Soc. ; one of the physicians of the Gen. Hospital, Boston ; a me mber of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sci ences, and of other scientific, religious, and benev. associations. He pub. a dissertation on Animal Heat and Respiration ; Hist, and Descrip. of the Spotted Fever, which prevailed at Gardiner, Me., in 1814 ; two Boylston Prize questions in 1819 and 1821 ; on the Com munication between the Stomach and the Urinary Organs ; a work on the Typhoid Fever ;" and also various contribs. to the med. and scientific journals of the day. See Me moir in Bost. Med. and Surg. Jour. Hale, JOHN, first minister of Beverly, Ms., from Sept. 20, 1667, to his d., May 15, 1700, b. Charlestown, Ms., June 3, 1636. H.U. 1657. Chaplain in the Canada exped. in 1690; one of the approvers of the judicial murders during the witchcraft troubles in 1692; but in 1702 pub. " A Modest Inquiry into the Nature of Witchcraft/ indicating a change of opinion. A memoir of him is in Ms. Hist. Coll. iii. 7. Hale, JOHN PARKER, senator, b. Rochester, N.H., 31 Mar. 1806. Bowd. Coll. 1827. Adm. to the bar in 1830 ; member of the N.H. legisl. 1832; dist. atty. for N.H. 1834-42; M.C. 1843-5 ; again member of the N.H. legisl., and speaker, 1846 ; U.S. senator (elected by a com bination of Whigs and antislavery Democrats) 1847-53 and 1855-65; minister to Spain in 1865-9. In Congress Mr. Hale sided with the opponents of slavery. In a pub. letter in Jan. 1845, he strongly denounced, on antislavery grounds, the annexation of Texas, and was de clared a traitor to the Democratic party. This defiance of party dictation gave him a strong hold on the favor of the people. On taking his seat in the U.S. senate he was almost the only man elected on antislavery grounds, and dis connected with either of the great parties. He stood almost alone on the slavery question ; was a ready speaker, and by his wit and humor often succeeded in turning aside the at tacks of proslavery senators, and in mitigating party animosity. Counsel for the defendants in the important trials growing out of tha rescue of the slave Shadrach at Boston in 1851. Candidate of the Liberty party for the presi dency in 1852, and received 157,680 votes. On leaving the senate in 1853, he established him self in New York ; d. Dover, N. H., Nov. 1 9, 1873. Hale, NATHAN, capt. Revol. army, b. Cov entry, Ct., June 6, 1755 ; executed as a spy in Nlw York, Sept. 22, 1776. Y. C. 1773. He engaged in teaching, first at E. Haddam, and afterward at N. London, but, soon after the Lexington alarm, entered the army as a lient., and became a capt. in Knowl ton s regt. While with the troops near Boston, he was vigilant and faithful in every point of duty. In Sept. 1776, when in New York, he, with an associate, planned and effected the capture of a British sloop laden with provisions, taking her at mid night from under the guns of a frigate. After the retreat from Long Island, Washington ap plied to Knowlton to furnish him with informa tion of the strength, situation, and future movements, of the enemy. Capt. Hale offered himself a vol. for this hazardous service, passed in disguise to L.I., examined every part of the British army, and obtained the best pos sible information respecting its situation and future operations. While on his return, he was apprehended, carried before Sir Wm. Howe, and ordered for execution the next morning. This order was carried out in the most unfeel ing manner. He was denied the attendance of a clergyman ; was not permitted the use of a Bible ; and his letters to his mother and other friends, written on the morning of his execu tion, were destroyed by the provost-marshal, " that the rebels should not know they had a man in their army who could die with so much firmness." His dying observation was, that " he only lamented that he had but one life to lose for his country." Dwight has celebrated his virtues both in prose and verse. See Stu art, Life of Nathan Hale, 1856. Hale, NATHAN, LL.D. (H.U. 1853), jour nalist, nephew of the preceding, son of Rev. Enoch, b. Westhampton, Ms., Aug. 16, 1784; d. Brookline, Ms., Feb. 9, 1863. Wms. Coll. 1804. He studied law ; served two years as in structor in Exeter Acad., then removed to Boston ; was adm. to the bar in 1810, and prac tised law 4 years. He then, with Henry D. Sedgwick, edited the Weekly Messenger, devot ed to politics and literature. March 1,1814, he purchased the Boston Daily Advertiser, the first daily in N. England, and for many years the only one, and established the principle of editorial responsibility distinct from that of in dividual contributors. Its influence was great, at first as a Whig print, and latterly as a Repub lican organ. Its influence was given in 1820 against the Mo. bill, and in 1854 to oppose the Nebraska bill. It was the first journal to sug gest the immediate free colonization of Kansas. In 1825 he pub. a map of N. E., which is still a standard authority. In 1828 he pub. a work on the protective policy. He was an early ad vocate of railroads in N.E. ; and in 1828 was the acting chairman of the Ms. Board of Internal Improvements. First pres. of the Boston and Worcester R. R. Co., and continued 19 years. In 1846 he was app. chairman of the comimss. HLAJL, 396 for introducing water into the city of Boston. Editor and pub. of the Monthly Chronicle 1840- 2. He was one of the club which founded the N. A. Review and the Christian Examiner ; often served in both branches of the Ms. legisl. ; was a member of both the later Const. Convs. ; and was an active member of the Hist. Soc. and of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. In 1816 he m. Sarah Preston, sister of Edward Everett. His son, NATHAN, Jun., b. Boston, 12 Nov. 1818, d. 9 Jan. 1871. H. U. 1838. Adm. to the bar 1841. Editor of the Boston Miscellany 1842, co-editor Boston Daily Adver tiser 1842-53; latterly connected with Old and New, a monthly periodical. Hale, COL. ROBERT, b. Beverly, Ms., Feb. 12, 1703; d. March 20, 1767. H. U. 1721. Grandson of Rev. John Hale of Beverly ; edu cated a physician, and practised extensively in his native town. He com. a regt. under Pep- perell at the capture of Louisburg in 1745. App. in 1747 by the legisl. of Ms. commiss. to N.Y. to adopt measures for the gen. defence, and in 1755 commiss. to N.H. to concert an exped. against the French. App. sheriff of Essex Co. in 1761. He was a leading man in the Province, and 13 years a member of the legisl. Stone s Beverly. Hale, SALMA, politician, b. Alstead, N.H., March 7, 1787; d. Keene, Nov. 19, 1866. A printer at Walpole, N.H. ; at 18 he edited the Political Observatory there ; subsequently stud ied law. From 1812 to 1834, with the excep tion of a few years, was clerk of the Superior and County Courts of Cheshire; M.C. 1817- 1 9 ; afterward practised at the bar ; and was a member of the legisl. in 1823-5; sec. of the Board of Commiss. under the treaty of Ghent. He pub. " History of the U.S.," for schools, in 1825; "Annals of Keene," 8vo, 1826; "His tory of the U.S.," Lond., 8vo, 1826 ; and fre quently wrote for periodicals. His son GEORGE S. HALE (H.U. 1844) is an eminent lawyer of Boston. Hale, SARAH JOSEPHA (BDEL), authoress, b. Newport, N.H., 24 Oct. 1790. Ab. 1814 she m. David Hale, an eminent lawyer, who d. in 1822, leaving her 5 children, the oldest of whom was but seven, to support by her pen. She pub. " The Genius of Oblivion and other Origi nal Poems," 1823; "Northwood, a Tale of N. England," 1827 ; removed to Boston in 1828, and edited the Lady s Magazine, till in 1837 it was united with the Lady s Book of Phila., of which she was many years the litera ry editor, residing in Phila. since 1841. While in Boston she originated the Seaman s Aid Soci ety, the parent of many similar organizations in various ports. Her other works are, "Sketches of American Character," 1830; "Traits of American Life," 1835; "Flora s Interpreter ; " " Good Housekeeper," a manual of cookery ; " Grosvenor, a Tragedy," 1838, founded on the martyrdom of Col. Isaac Hayne ; metrical romances, entitled " Alice Ray," 1846; " Three Hours, or the Vigil of Love," 1848 ; and "Harry Gray," 1848; a " Complete Dictionary of Poetical Quotations," 1852 ; " The Judge, a Drama of American Life ; " and " "Woman s Record, from the Creation to A.D. 1854," N.Y. 1855. She has also edited several annuals, and the letters of Mme. Sevigne and of Lady. Montagu. Haliburton, THOMAS CHANDLER, D.C.L. (Oxf. U. 1858), an English humorous writer, b. Windsor, N.S., 1797; d. Isleworth, Aug. 27, 1865. Educated at King s Coll., and adm. to the bar in 1820. He practised law in N.S. many years ; was member of the Assembly ; and be"- came a judge of Common Pleas in 1829, and from 1840 to 1842 of the Supreme Court; M.P. for Launceston, Eng., 1859-65. In 1835 he contrib. to a newspaper in Nova Scotia a series of articles satirizing the Yankees, which became popular in the U.S. and in Eng., and were pub. in 1837, with additions and altera tions, as " The Clock-Maker ; or, Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick of Slickville." He went to Eng. in 1842 ; and in 1843 pub. " The Attache , or Sam Slick in Eng." His other works are, "An Historical and Statistical Ac count of Nova Scotia," 2 vols., 1828; "The Clock-Maker," 2d series, 1838, and 3d series, 1840; "Bubbles of Canada," 1839; "The Old Judge, or Life in a Colony," 1839 ; " Let ter-Bag of the Great Western," 1839 ; " Yan kee Stories," 1852 ; " Traits of American Hu mor," 1852; "Nature and Human Nature," 1855; "Rule and Misrule of the English in America," 1851 ; " Letters to Lord Durham," and " Wise Saws." Halkett, JOHN, author, b. Lond. 1768; d. Brighton, Eng., Nov. 1852. Nephew of Sir Peter. App. gov. of the Bahamas, Dec. 5, 1801, and of Tobago, Oct. 27, 1803; and was chairman of the board of commiss. of W. India accounts from 1814 to 1819. Being the son-in- law of the Earl of Selkirk, he pub. in Lond., 1817, a "Statement respecting his Settlement upon the Red River." He visited Amer. in 1821 or 2 ; and in 1823 pub. in Eng. " Histor ical Notes respecting the Indians of North Amer." Hist. Mag. iii. 50. Halkett, SIR PETER, of Pitferran, Fife- shire, bart. of Nova Scotia, son of Sir P. Wed- derburne of Gosford, who assumed his wife s name. M.P. for Dunfermline, 1734; lieut,- col. of the 44th at Sir John Cope s defeat in 1745. Being released on parole, and ordered by Cumberland to serve again against the Jac obites, he refused, saying that " his royal High ness was master of his commission, but not of his honor." He became col. of his regt. Feb. 26, 1751, and was killed at its head in the bat tle of Monongahela, July 9, 1755. Sargent s Exp. against Fort Duquesne. Hall, ALLEN A., journalist and diplomat, b.N.C. ; d. Cochabamba, Bolivia, May 18, 1867. He practised law at Nashville, and was for 30 years connected with the leading papers there; charge* d affaires to Venezuela 1841-5 ; assist.- sec. of the U.S. treas. 1849-50 ; edited the Re public at Washington ; afterward edited the Daily News, 1857-9, at Nashville, and was min ister to Bolivia 1863-7. Hall, CAPT. BASIL, traveller, b. Edinburgh, 1788; d. Portsmouth, Eng., Sept. 11, 1844. Entering the roy. navy in 1802, he became a post capt. in 1817. Hecom. the brig "Lyra," which accomp. Lord Amherst in his mission to China, and wrote his first work, entitled " A Voyage of Discovery to the Western Coast of KLAJL, 397 Corea, and the Great Loo Choo Island in the Japan Sea/ pub. in 1818. He was stationed off the Pacific coast of Araer. during the rev- 01. of the Spanish Colonies, and on his return to Eng. pub. "Extracts from a Journal writ ten on the Coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in 1 820-22," 2 vols. 1824. He also pub. " Trav els in N. Amer. in 1827 and 1828 " (3 vols. 1829), severely commented upon by the Amer. press, and " Travels in So. Amer.," 8vo, 1841. In the latter part of his life, his intellect be came impaired, and he d. insane. Hall, BAYNARD RUST, D.D., educator, b. Phila. 1798 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Jan. 23, 1863. Un. Coll. 1820. Princeton Theol. Sem. Son of Dr. John Hall, who was at one time on the staff of Washington. Some years pastor of a church, and pres. of a coll. in Bloomington, Ind. ; afterward pastor of a congregation, and principal of a large acad. in Bedford, Pa. At various times he was connected with education al institutions in Bordentown and Trenton, N. J., and Poughkeepsie and Newburgh, N.Y. Ab. 1852 he removed to Brooklyn ; was prin cipal of the Park Institute ; and for the last few years of his life preached to the poor. He pub. a "Latin Grammar," 1828; "The New Purchase," 1843 ; " Something for Every body ; " " Teaching a Science ; " " Frank Free- mau s Barber Shop," 1852. N. Y. Times, Jan. 27, 1863. Hall, DOMINICK: AUGUSTINE, jurist, b. S.C. 1765 ; d. N. Orleans, Dec. 19, 1820. He commenced the practice of law in Charleston, S.C., and was dist. judge of Orleans Terr, from 1809 till it became the State of La. in 1812, when he was app. U.S. judge of the State, in which position he continued during his life. Dec. 15, 1814, his court was ordered to be adjourned for 2 months, " owing to the military operations of the British forces against New Orleans." In Mar. 1815, while the city was under martial law, Judge Hall was arrested by Gen. Jackson for having granted a writ of habeas corpus to a person arrested by his au thority. Judge Hall was released Mar. 14, and immediately summoned Gen. Jackson to answer for a contempt of court, resulting in a judgment against him, and a fine of $1,000, which he paid. It was, however, refunded to him, with interest, in 1844, by act of Congress. Hall,EjDWARD BROOKS, D.D. (H.U. 1848), Unitarian clergyman, b. Medford, Ms., Sept. 2, 1800; d. Providence, Mar. 3, 1866. H.U. 1820. Camb. Theol. School, 1824. He had charge of the Garrison Forest Academy, near Baltimore, 1 year ; preached at Northampton, Ms., where he was ord. Aug. 16, 1826 ; resigned Dec. 3, 1829; and was settled at Providence, Nov. 14, 1832, until his d. He pub. Memoir of Mary L. Ware, Bost. 12mo, 1852 ; Centu ry Discourse, 1st Cong. Ch., Prov., 19 June, 1836. Hall, FREDERICK, M.D. (Castlet. Med. School 1827), LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1842), ed ucator, b. Grafton, Vt., 1780; d. Peru, 111., July 27, 1843. Dartm. Coll. 1803. Tutor there 1804-5, and at Mid. Coll. 1805-6 ; prof, of nat. philos. and math, in Mid. Coll. 1806- 24 ; prof, of chemistry and mineralogy at Trin. Coll., Hartford ; pres. of Mt. Hope Coll., near Baltimore, Md. ; prof, of chemistry in Col. Coll., Washington, at the time of hi* death. He gave to Dartm. Coll. a cabinet of minerals, and some thousands of dollars. He pub. a eulogy on Solomon M. Allen, 1818; statistics of Middlebury, in Ms. Hist. Colls, 2d series, vol. ix. ; "Letters from tho East and from the West," Bait., 8vo, 1840. Hall, GORDON, the first Amer. missionary to Bombay, b. Tolland, Ms., Apr. 8, 1784; d. of cholera in Bombay, Mar. 20, 1826. Wms. Coll. 1808. He studied theology, and having been ord. at Salem, Feb. 6, 1812, sailed for Calcutta, arriving at Bombay Feb. 11, 1813; he spent 13 years in missionary labors there. He possessed great force of mind, and decision of character, and was devoted to his work, for which he was eminently qualified. He pub. 3 or 4 sermons and tracts, and, with S. Newell, "The Conversion of the World," 8vo, ISIS. His " Appeal in Behalf of the Heathen " is a masterpiece of argument and eloquence. A Memoir of him was pub. 12mo. Hall, HARRISON, editor of the Portfolio, 1815-27, bro. of Judge James, b. 1787 ; d. Cincinnati, Mar. 9, 1866. He pub. a work on " Distilling," 1815. Ed. a vol. of the writings of his mother, Sarah Hall, in 1833. Hall, HILAND, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1859), lawyer, b. Bennington, Vt., July 20, 1795. He "spent his boyhood on his father s farm ; was adm. to the bar in 1819; was in 1827 elected to the State legisl., and afterwards for several years was State atty. ; M.C. from Vt. in 1833-43; bank commiss. in 1843-6 ; 4 years judge of the Supreme Court; in 1850 second compt. of the treas. ; from 1851 to 1854 land commis. for California; gov. of Vt. 1858-60, and delegate to the Peace Congress, Mar. 1861 ; author of "Hist, of Vt.," 8vo, 1868. Hall, JAMES, judge and author, b. Phila. Aug. 19, 1793; d. near Cincinnati, July 5, 1868. His mother, Mrs. Sarah Hall (b. Oct. 30, 1760 ; d. Apr. 3, 1830), dau. of Dr. John Ewing, wrote " Conversations on the Bible," and was a contrib. to the Portfolio from the commencement, and during the editorship of her son. A vol. of her writings was edited and pub. by Harrison Hall in 1833, with a memoir by Judge Hall. He began the study of law, but left it to join the army in the war of 1812, and was disting. at Lundy s Lane, Niagara, and the siege of Fort Erie. At the close of the war, he was app. an officer in the bomb vessel which accomp. Decatur s squad, against the Algerines, but resigned in 1818, and resumed the study of law at Pittoburg, Pa. In 1820 he removed to Shawneetown, 111. ; practised at the bar, and edited a weekly newspaper, the Illinois Gazette. He was app. atty. of a circuit of 10 counties, and wrote interesting sketches of his mode of life and adventures. 4 years after, he was elected judge of the circuit court, over which he presided 3 years. He was also 4 years State treasurer ; had a large legal practice, and edited the // linois Intelligencer, weekly, with other literary labors. Removing from Vandalia in 1833 to Cincinnati, he became in 1836 cashier, and in 1853-65 was pres., of the Commercial Bank. In 1820 he began for the Portfolio a series of 398 HLAX, " Letters from the West," which in 1828 were coll. and pub. in Lond. without his concur rence. He edited and contrib. largely to the Western Souvenir, 1829, the first annual pub. in the West. In 1830 he established at Van- dalia the Illinois Monthly Magazine, which was continued at Cincinnati from 1833 to 1837, under the title of the Western Monthly Magazine. He pub. also "Legends of the West,"* 1832; "Soldier s Bride and other Tales," 1832; " The Harpe s Head, a legend of Ky," 1833 ; " Sketches of the West," 2 vols. 1835 ; " Tales of the Border," 1835 ; "Statistics of the West," 1836, and a new edition entitled " Notes on the Western States," 1838 ; " Life of Harrison," 1836; "History of the Indian Tribes " (with T. L. McKenney), 3 vols. 1 838-44, a costly and elegant work ; " Wilder ness and the War-Path," 1845 ; an address before the Mercantile Library Assoc. of Cin cinnati, 1846 ; a "Life of Thomas Posey " in "Sparks s Biography" (2d series, vol. ix.) ; and "Romance of Western History," 1857. A uniform edition of his writings appeared in 4 vols. 1853. Duyckinck. Hall, JAMES, State geologist of N.Y., b. Hingham, Ms., of English parents, in 1811. He studied the natural sciences at the Rens- selaer school in Troy, N.Y., from 1831 to 1836. App. one of the N.Y. State geologists, he in 1837 began to survey the western dist. of the State. His report was pub. in 1843. Direct ing his attention to the several paleozoic for mations of the Western States, he pub. in 1 847-59 3 vols. of " The Paleontology of N.Y.," describing ab. 1,000 species of fossils from the lower and middle silurian rocks. In 1855 he was invited to take this dept. of the Canadian survey under the direction of Sir Wm. E. Logan. App. State surveyor of Iowa in 1855, and of Wis. in 1857, his Cana dian investigations were chiefly limited to the study of the graptolites, of which he has de scribed 25 new species. Of the Iowa report, 2 vols. have been pub. In 1850 Mr. Hall was elected a foreign member of the Geol. Society of Lond., which society in 1 858 conferred upon him the distinction of the Wollaston medal. He is a member of many European and Amer. scientific societies, and has contrib. to their " Transactions." The description of fossils in the govt. reports of many of the Western surveys are by Prof. Hall. Hall, JOHN, jurist, b. Staunton Co., Va., 1769; d. Warrenton, N.C., Jan. 29, 1833. Wm. & Mary Coll. He settled in Warrenton in 1792 ; became eminent as a lawyer ; was a judge of the Superior Court of N.C. from 1801 to 1818, and judge of its Supreme Court from 1818 to 1832. His son Edward, a disting. lawyer, was raised to the bench in 1840. Hall, JOHN E., bro. of Judge James, author, b. Dec. 1783 ; d. June 11, 1829. Edu cated at N.J. Coll., he studied law, and com menced practice in Baltimore in 1805. He soon became prof, of rhetoric and belles-lettres in the U. of Md. ; wrote a Biography of Dr. John Shaw prefixed to an edition of his poems (1810), and prepared an edition of Wirt s " British Spy," to which he coutrib. several letters. He acted with the Federalists, and was severely wounded in the Baltimore riot of 1811, being one of the nine thrown on a heap as killed. From 1808 to 1817 he pub. the American Law Journal (6 vols. Phila.). Removing to Phila., from 1816 to 1827 he edited the Portfolio, to which he contrib. the " Memoirs of Anacreon," which attracted much attention. In 1827 he edited the Phila. Souvenir, and pub. " Memoirs of Eminent Persons." He also edited " Practice and Juris diction of the Court of Admiralty," 8vo, 1809. Dr. THOMAS MIFFLIN HALL, a younger bro. of Harrison, James, and John E., contrib. poetry and some scientific articles to the Port folio. In 1828 he embarked on board of a S. Amer. ship-of-war to which he was surgeon. The vessel was never heard of after. Dvyc- kinck. Hall, LOUISA JANE, poetess, b. Newbury- port, Feb. 7, 1802 ; m. Rev. E. B. Hall of Prov. in 1840. Her father, Dr. John Park, in 1811 opened a school for young ladies in Boston, at which she received a good education. She commenced writing at an early age. In 1825 she wrote " Miriam," a dramatic poem, pub. in 1837. In 1831 she removed with her father to Worcester, where, though almost totally blind for 4 or 5 years, she wrote " Joanna of Naples," a tale, and a Life of Mrs. Elizabeth Carter. Duyckinck. Hall, LYMAN, signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Ct. 1724; d. Burke Co., Ga., Oct. 19, 1790. Y.C. 1747. His father possessed a competent fortune, and gave him a good education. He studied medicine ; m. and established himself at Sunbury, Ga., where he was a very success ful practitioner. Member of the Ga. Repub. conventions of 1774-5, he was influential in causing Ga. to join the Confederacy. Sent as a delegate to Congress in March, 1775, by the parish of St. John s, he was in July elected by the whole Province. He remained in Congress until 1780, when the invasion of the State by the British called him home. Gov. of Ga. in 1783. His property was confiscated by the British while in temporary possession of the Province. Hall, NATHAN KELSET, postmaster-gen. (1850-4), b. Marcellus, Onondaga Co., N.Y., March 28, 1810. He read law in the office of Mr. Fillmore, and became his partner at Buf falo in 1832 ; d. there Mar. 2, 1874. He held different administrative and judicial offices in his native State ; served as a member of the legisl. ; was M.C. from 1847 to 1849; after ward judge Dist. Court of Western N.Y. Hall, ROBERT PLEASANTS, poet and law yer, b. Chester District, S.C., Dec. 23, 1825 ; d. Macon, Ga., Dec. 4, 1854. Removing with his parents to Ga. in 1837, he was adm. to the bar in 1848, and in 1849 removed to Macou, where he held a high legal reputation till his death. In 1848 he pub. in Charleston " Poems by a South-Carolinian." His numer ous unpub. writings in prose and verse include a contemplative poem on Andre Chenier; a legend of the Dacotahs, entitled " Winona ; " and " The Cherokee," describing the scenery of Upper Georgia. See Miller s Bench and Bar of Georgia. 399 KLA.I, Hall, SAMUEL, printer, b. Medford, Ms., Nov. 2, 1740; d. Boston, Oct. 30, 1807. He served his apprenticeship with his uncle, Daniel Fowle of Portsmouth, N.H. In 1761-8 he was in partnership with Ann, widow of James Franklin, at Newport, R.I. In 1768 he pub. the Essex Gazette at Salem ; removed in 1 775 to Cambridge, where he pub. the N. E. Chronicle; removed to Boston in 1776; pub. the Salem Gazette again in 1781, and in 1785 the Ms. Gazette; in 1789 he opened a book store in Boston, which in 1 805 he sold to Lin coln & Edmands. His patriotic journal was of great service to the cause of liberty. Brooks s Medford. Hall, SAMUEL READ, clergyman and edu cator, b. Croydon, N.H., Oct. 27, 1795. He commenced teaching in Rumford, Me., in 1814, and in 1822 taught an acad. at Fitchburg, Ms., being also licensed as a Cong, preacher. Re moving as a missionary to Concord, Vt., in 1823, he organized the first school in the U.S. for the training of teachers, which he kept till 1830, when he was chosen principal of the English dept. of Phillips Acad., Andover. In 1829 he aided in founding the Amer. Institute of Instruction. In 1837 he removed to Plym outh, N.H. ; kept a teachers sem. there till 1840, when he removed to Craftsbury, Vt., and established there a teacher s dept. in con nection with the acad., where he taught till 1846. Author of "Instructor s Manual, or Lectures on School-keeping," 1829 ; "Lectures on Education," 12mo; "Geography for Chil dren." d. Brownington, Vt., June 24, 1877. Hall, WILLARD, jurist, b. Westford, Ms., Dec. 24, 1780. H.U. 1799. He studied law in the office of Samuel Dana of Groton, and was adm. to the bar of Hillsborough Co., N.H., in Mar. 1803. In May, 1803, he settled in Dover, Del., and practised there 20 years. From 1811 to 1814 he was sec. of State; M.C. from 1817 to 1821; again sec. of State in 1821 ; in 1822 a member of the State senate; and May 6, 1823, he was app. by Pres. Monroe U.S. dist. judge for Del. Upon the applica tion of the Gen. Assembly of Del. he revised the statutory laws of the State, completing the work, in 6 vols. 8vo, in 1829. In 1831 he was a member of the State Const. Conv. While sec. of State he advocated the establishment of public schools, suggested the plan adopted in 1829; d. Wilmington, May 11, 1875. Hall, GEN. WILLIAM, b. 1774 ; d. Sumner Co., Tenn., Oct. 1856. He was a col. of Tenn. militia in the U.S. service, Dec. 1812-Feb. 1813; brig.-gen. Tenn. vols. Sept. 26, 1813; and M.C. from Tenn. in 1831-3. Hall, WILLIAM W., b. Paris, Ky., 1810. Centre Coll. 1830. M.D. of Transylv. Coll. 1836. Author of Treatises, on Cholera, Bron chitis, and Kindred Diseases (8vo, 1853), Con sumption, Health by Good Living, Sleep, Health and Disease, Coughs and Colds. Editor of Hall s Journal of Health; d. May 10, 1876. Hallarn Family, pioneers on the Ameri can stage. WILLIAM, called the father of the American stage, was an actor of great repute at Goodman s Fields Theatre, Eng., and succes- eor of Garrick. Came with his family to Amer. in 1750; sold out his interests here to his bro. Lewis ; and d. in Eng. LEWIS, his bro., also a favorite at Goodman s Fields, made his d&mt at New York, 26 Feb. 1750, in the play of " Richard III.," and Sept. 5, 1752, at Williams- burg, Va., as Launcelot Gobbo and Tubal in the " Merchant of Venice ; " went to the Island of Jamaica in 1756, where he soon after died. His wife, afterward well known as Mrs. Douglas, app. Sept. 5, 1752, as Portia; re tired from the stage in 1769, and d. Phila. Aug. 1773. LEWIS, son of the preceding, and one of the best actors of his time, b. Lond. 1740 ; d. Phila. Nov. 1, 1808. He appeared in Lord Ogleby in 1768, a part he performed for 40 years, his last app. in it being at the Park, N.Y., in 1807. Master Adam Hallam made his de but in New York, Sept. 17, 1753, at the New Nassau-street Theatre, as Daniel in " The Conscious Lovers." The Hallam Com pany opened at Phila. 15 Apr. 1754, with " The Fair Penitent." Halleck, FITZGREENE, poet, b. Guilford, Ct., JulyS, 1790; d. there Nov. 19, 1867. His mother, Mary Eliot, was a descendant of John, the "Apostle to the Indians." He acquired a good academical education in his native town. At the age of 18 he became a clerk in the bank ing-house of Jacob Barker, New York, where he remained many years. He was also " in the cotton-trade and sugar-line." He was long en gaged in the business-affairs of John Jacob Astor (1824-49), who made him a trustee of the Astor Library. He wrote verses from boy hood. His lines to " Twilight " appeared in the Evening Post in 1818; and in the follow ing March he assisted Joseph Rodman Drake in contributing, under the signature of " Croak er, jun.," to the humorous series of " Croaker Papers," also for the Post. The death of Drake in 1820 was commemorated by Halleck in one of his most touching poems. In the latter part of 1819 he wrote his longest poem, " Fanny," a satire in the measure of Byron s " Don Juan." It was completed and printed within three weeks of its commencement, and was highly popular. In 1822-3 he visited Eu rope; and in 1827 pub. an edition of his po ems, including " Alnwick Castle " and "Burns." Marco Boz- Vleview. oung America," a poem of some 300 lines. A remarkable characteristic of his poetic genius was its versatility. Late in life he became a Roman Catholic. See Life and Letters of Halleck, by James Grant Wilson, 1869. Halleck, HENRY WAGER, ma]. -gen. U.S. A., b. Westernville, Oneida Co., N.Y., Jan. 16, 1815. W. Pt., 1839. Son of Hon. Joseph H , and grandson of Peter of Long Island Revol. mem ory. Receiving an academical education, he studied a short time at Un. Col. before enter ing West Point. Entering the engineer ser vice, he was, until June, 1840, assist, prof, at West Point. From 1841 to 1844 he was em ployed on the fortifications in N. Y. harbor ; and in 1845 visited the military establishments of Europe. In the winter of 1845-6 he delivered at the Lowell Institute of Boston a series of lectures on the Science of War, since pub. as " Elements of Military Art and Science." Dur- It also included the spirited lyric " Marco Be zaris," originally pub. in the iV. Y. Revie 400 ing the war with Mexico, he served in Califor nia and on the Pacific coast. 1st lieut. in 1845, he was brev. capt. for gallantry at Palas Prietas and Urias, Nov. 18 and 19, 1847 ; and afterward greatly disting. himself at San An tonio and Todos Santos, March, 1848. He also acted on the staff of Com. Shubrick, par ticipating in the capture of Mazatlan, of which he was made lieut.-governor. Sec. of state of the province of California from Aug. 13, 1847, to Dec. 20, 1849, acting also as auditor of the revenue; member of the convention in 1849, as one of the drafting committee, he had a large share in preparing the State constitution ; afterward judge advocate and insp. of light houses ; capt. of engineers, 1 July, 1853 ; he re signed Aug. 1, 1854, and began to practise law in San Francisco. For many years he was the senior partner of one of the largest law-firms in Cal., and director-gen, of the N. Almaden quicksilver mines. In 1855 he was pres. of the Pacific and Atlantic Road, from San Francisco to San Jose. App. maj.-gen. U.S.A. Aug. 19, 1861, he succeeded Fremont in command of the Western dept. in Nov. Early in April, 1 862, he took com. of the army before Corinth, the investment of which was soon followed by its capture. After the disastrous campaign of the Chiekahominy, he was app. (July 11) gen.- in-chief. He ordered the advance of Gen. Pope, under cover of which McClellan was enabled to retire unmolested to York town. Chief of staff U.S.A. 12 Mar. 1864, to Apr. 19, 1865 ; com. milit. div. of the Pacific since Aug. 1865. Gen. H. has also pub. a "Practical Treatise on Bitumen and its Uses," 1841; a report on Military Defences ; translations of the "Mining Laws of Spain and Mexico;" De Fooz on the Law of Mines," a treatise en titled " International Law and the Laws of War ; " and Jomini s " Life of Napoleon." Hallett, BENJAMIN F., politician and law yer, b. Barnstable, Ms., Dec. 2, 1797 ; d. Boston, Sept. 30, 1862. Brown U. 1816. Adm. to the Boston bar, he was afterward an editor in Prov idence and in Boston, where he edited the anti- Masonic Boston Advocate. After the decline of the anti-Masonic party, he joined the Democ. party, over which he exerted a powerful influ ence, being a delegate at most of its national conventions, and many years chairman of its national committee. He aided in the nomina tion of Franklin Pierce (who made him U.S. dist. atty. for Ms.) and James Buchanan; and was the author of the Cincinnati platform of 1856. Hallock, GERARD, journalist, son of Rev. Moses, b. Plainfield, Ms., March 18, 1800; d. New York, Jan. 4, 1866. Amh. Coll. 1819. In early life he taught Hebrew and German. In 1824 he established the Boston Telegraph, which he united with the Boston Recorder in 1825. He became half-proprietor of the N.Y. Ohserver in 1 827, and, in partnership with David Hale, became proprietor of the N. Y. Journal of Commerce in 1828, which he continued to conduct until 1861. In 1828 Messrs. Hale and Hallock fitted out a schooner to cruise off Sandy Hook, and intercept European vessels . for news. In 1833 they established a horse ex press from Phila. to N.Y., by which they were enabled to publish congressional news one day in advance of their contemporaries. He ex pended over $50,000 in the erection and support of a church in N. Haven, and by personal ex ertions he founded the Southern Aid Society. Hallock, JEREMIAH, clergyman, b. Brook- haven, L. I., March 13,1758; d. WestSimsbury, Ct., June 23, 1826. When 8 years old, his fa ther removed to Goshen, Ms. ; and before he was 21 he was twice called to enter the Revol. army. He entered the school of Dr. Dwight ; and in April, 1784, was licensed to preach, and was installed pastor of the congregation in West Simsbury, Oct. 26, 1785, where he remained till his death. See Life, by Rev. Cyrus Yale, Hartford, 8vo, 1 838. Hallock, MOSES, clergyman, bro. of Jere miah, b. Brookhaven, L.I., Feb. 16, 1760; d. July 17, 1837. Y.C. 1788. He was first pas tor of the church in Plainfield from July 11, 1792, until his death. He was a man of patri archal simplicity, and devoted himself to the education of young men for the ministry. A sketch of his life has been pub. by the Tract Society. Hallowell, BENJAMIN, loyalist, commis sioner of revenue in Boston before Revolution , d. York, U.C., Mch. 28, 1799. His estate was confiscated. One of his sons, B. Carew, was a disting. Brit, admiral ; another, Ward Nicholas (Boylston), was a benefactor of Harvard Coll. His hro. ROBERT, a considerable landholder in Maine, d. Gardiner, Me., April 23, 1818, a. 80. Halpine, CHARLES G. ("Miles O Reil ly,"), author and politician, b. Oldcastle, Co. Meath, Ireland, Nov. 1829 ; d. N.Y. City, Aug. 3, 1868. Trinity Coll., Dublin, 1846. His fa ther, a clergyman and scholar, edited the Dub lin Evening Mail, the leading paper in the Prot estant interest. Upon his father s death he connected himself with the press, but in 1847 came to New York, where he wrote for the Herald; afterward aided Shillaber in editing the Carpet Bag in Boston ; and was connected with the press of New York and Boston until April, 1861, when he volunteered in the Union army, and rose to the grade of brig. -gen. of vols., and maj. in the regular service. He re signed in 1864. He became editor of The Citizen ; supported Mr. Lincoln s re-election ; and at the time of his death, which was occa sioned by an overdose of chloroform, was regis ter of the Co. of N. York. He wrote " Poems by the Letter H ; " two volumes of humorous writings under the nom de plume of " Private Miles O Reilly," while serving at the South ; and a volume of war-songs and humorous verses. These songs became favorites with the army. One of his most famous pieces, entitled " Tear down the Flaunting Lie, has, since his death, been claimed by another. He was a man of great versatility and of convivial habits. Hamblin, THOMAS SOWERBY, actor, b. Lond. May 14, 1800; d. New York, Jan. 8, 1853. F irst appeared in 1819 at Sadler s Wells, Lond., and, Dec. 26, as Truman in " George Barnwell," at Drury Lane. His first American performance was Harnlet, at the Park Theatre, in Oct. 1825. He then starred through the States until Aug. 1830, when he became manager of the Bowery Theatre, and HLAJYL 401 continued in that capacity in various N.Y. theatres until his death. His third wife, Miss Medina, wrote the dramas of " Last Days of Pompeii," " Rienzi," &c. Brown s Amer. Stage. Hamer, THOMAS L., lawyer and politician, b. Pa. ; d. Monterey, Mex., 2 Dec. 1846. Emig. in early life to O. He practised law with success; served in several sessions of the legisl., and was speaker during one terra ; M.C. 1833- 9 ; app. brig.-gen. 1 July, 1846; disting. in the battle of Monterey, and com. the division after Gen. Butler was wounded. Congress, in testi mony of his gallantry, presented a sword to his nearest male relative. Hamilton, ALEXANDER, statesman, ora tor, and soldier, b. in Nevis, one of the W.I. Islands, 11 Jan. 1757; killed in a duel with Aaron Burr, 12 July, 1804. His father, James, was a Scotch merchant; his mother, whose name was Faucette, was of Huguenot descent. In 1769 he entered a counting-house in St. Croix; in 1772 attended the school of Francis Barber, at Elizabethtown, N. J. ; and in 1773 entered King s Coll. In July, 1774, he made a speech to the people of N.Y., and was highly applauded, also aiding the popular cause by his writings. Applying himself to the study of tactics, he was in Mar. 1776 made a capt. of art., and served with credit at L. I., White Plains, Trenton, and Princeton ; became aide- de-camp to Washington in Mar. 1777, gaining his special f.vvor and confidence; and was em ployed as his sec., also assisting in planning campaigns. He was highly praised for his conduct at Monmouth, and was second to Col. Laurens in the duel with Lee which grew out of it. In Dec. 1780 he m. Eliza, dau. of Gen. Schuyler, and in Feb. 1781 retired from Wash ington s staff in consequence of a rebuke which he thought unmerited. He declined to with draw his resignation, though Washington sent him an apology. In July, 1781, he obtained the com. of a N.Y. batt., with which he cap tured by assault, Oct. 14, 1781, a redoubt at Yorktown. Upon the surrender of Cornwallis he applied himself to the study of law ; was a member of Congress in 1782-3, and often chairman of important committees ; began to practise law in N.Y. City ab. Aug. 1783, and soon took the lead in his profession. He ex erted himself to protect the Tories from perse cution; was active in establishing the N. York bank ; and was one of the founders of an anti- slavery society; member of the N.Y. legisl. in Jan. 1787, and a delegate to the Phila. conv. in May, 1787, to form a Federal Constitution, an instrument which he had a principal share in devising, supporting, and causing to be adopted. With the aid of the able pens of Madison and Jay, he advocated its adoption in a series of essays under the signature of " Pub- lius," afterwards collected in a vol. called " The ^Federalist," of which he wrote the larger half. App. in Sept. 1789 first sec. of the U.S. treas ury, he presented to Congress in Jan. 1790 a report on public credit and a plan for its sup port, which became the basis of the financial -system. He proposed plans for funding the national debt, for assuming those of the re spective States, for establishing a U. S. bank ?^and a mint, and for obtaining a revenue. He -advocated the encouragement of domestic manufactures by a protective tariff. Having ^restored public credit, and witnessed the revival of trade and industry, he resigned 31 Jan. "*95, and resumed practice at the bar. He powerfully supported Jay s treaty. He assist ed Washington in the preparation of his " Farewell Address." He declined the position of chief justice of the U.S. In 1 798, the French Directory having provoked the American peo ple by acts of hostility, the army was re-organ ized, Washington taking the chief command, and Hamilton second as inspec.-gen., with tho rank of maj.-gen. On the death of Washing ton in Dec. 1799, Hamilton succeeded him as com-in-chief ; but the army was soon disbanded. When the house of representatives were to de cide between Jefferson and Burr, which should be pres., he advised his friends to prefer the former. Burr being in 1804 a candidate for gov. of N.Y., Hamilton opposed his election, expressing his opinion that Burr was a danger ous man, and unfit to be trusted with power. Defeated in his ambitious projects, Burr chal lenged Hamilton, who, though utterly condemn ing the practice of duelling, accepted the chal lenge, was mortally wounded at Hoboken, 11 July, 1804, and died the next day. His death was deeply and generally lamented. His widow Elizabeth, b. 9 Aug. 1757, d. Wash ington, D.C., 9 Nov. 1854. His youngest son, Col. Wm. Steven, U.S. surveyor of public lands in 111., subsequently engaged in mining in Cal., d. Sacramento, Cal., 7 Aug. 1850, a. 50. Hamilton s works, edited by his son John C., were pub. 7 vols. 8vo, 1851. See Life, by Renwick, 1841; by J. C. Hamilton,^ vols. 1834- 40 ; J. C. Hamilton s History of the Republic of the U.S., frc., 6 vols. 1858-60; Reminiscence? of Jas. A. Hamilton, 1869. Hamilton, ANDREW, gov. of N.J. 1692- 8, 1699-1701, dep. gov. of Pa. Nov. 1, 1701, to his d. in Amboy, Apr. 20, 1 703. Originally a merchant of Edinburgh, he emig. to N.J. in 1684; was one of the council of Lord Neil Campbell, whom he succeeded as dep. gov. in 1687 ; and in 1689, while on a voyage to Eng., was made prisoner, and detained "some time by the French. He devised the scheme for the establishment of post-offices in the Colonies ; and was app. Apr. 4, 1692, dep. postmaster for all the plantations. White/lead s E. Jersey. Hamilton, ANDREW, an eminent lawyer, d. Phila. Aug. 4, 1741. He acquired distinc tion at Zenger s trial in N. Y., and filled many public stations, including that of speaker of the Assembly, which he resigned in 1 739 from age and infirmity. Hamilton, ANDREW J., politician, b. Madison Co., Ala., Jan. 28, 1815. He had a common school education ; worked on his fa ther s farm ; was some years clerk of the Circuit Court of the Co., and a merchant, but was sub sequently adm. to the bar; and in 1846 settled in Texas. He was atty.-gen. of the State ; frequently a member of the legisl. ; M.C. 1859- 61 ; military gov. of Texas 1862-5 ; and pro- vis, gov. 1865-6. He opposed the secession of 402 Texas, and was an active Unionist during the Rebellion; d. Austin, Tex., April 11, 1875. Hamilton, GEN. CHARLES S., b. N.Y. ab. 1824. West Point, 1843. Entering the 2d Inf. he became 1st lieut. June 30, 1845 ; was t.rev. capt. for gallantry at Contreras and Cliurubusco, Aug. 20, and severely wounded at Molino del Rey, Sept. 8, 1847 ; resigned Apr. 30, 1853, and settled in Fond du Lac. He com. the 3d vol. regt. from Wisconsin in May, 1861, and became brig.-gen. of vols. May 17, 1861; ordered to the army of the Mpi., and dis- ting. at the battle of Corinth, and took com. of the dist. of W. Tcnn. Oct. 20, 1862, and 16th army corps, Jan.-Apr. 13, 1863, when he re signed ; maj.-gen. Sept. 19, 1862. Since then nmnuf. of Colza oil at Fond du Lac, and re gent Wise. State University. Cullurn. Hamilton, COL. HENRY, an English co lonial officer ; d. Antigua, Sept. 29, 1 796. He was an officer in the Brit, army ; and during the war of the Revol. was lieut.-gov. of De troit. In 1778 he was actively engaged in in citing the Western Indians to join the British. Early in Jan. 1779 he recaptured Vincennes, but in the following month was, with the en tire garrison, surprised by Col. Clarke, and carried prisoner to Williamsburg, Va., where he underwent a rigorous confinement. He re tired from the army in 1783. In 1785 he be came lieut.-gov. of Quebec, but was succeeded in 1786 by Lord Dorchester, and was gov. of Bermuda 1790-94. Hamilton, JAMES, gov. of Pa. 1748-Oct. 1754, 1759-63, and 1771; b.Phila. 1710; d. N.Y. Aug. 14, 1783. Son of Andrew, an eminent lawyer. He held several other offices of distinc tion in the Province, and enjoyed the esteem and confidence of the people, but was a loyal ist, and removed to N.Y. Hamilton, GEN. JAMES, politician, b. Charleston, S.C., May 8, 1786; d. Nov. 15, 1857, by a steamboat collision, near the coast of Texas. His father, Maj. James, a favorite aide of Washington, d. Nov. 26, 1833, a. 82. Liberally educated, he adopted the law as a profession ; served in the war of 1812 on the Canadian frontier as a maj., and practised law in Charleston, where he was some years mayor. By his vigilance the formidable negro conspir acy in 1822, led by Denmark Vesey, was de tected. Often a member of the State legisl., and M.C. 1822-9, and the ultra advocate of free-trade and Southern rights, and of direct taxation. An active partisan of Gen. Jackson, who in 1828 offered him the post of sec. of war, and minister to Mexico, both of which he declined. He urged armed resistance to the tariff act of 1828, and, while gov. of S.C. (1830-2), recommended to the legisl. the pas sage of the nullification act, which placed the State in collision with the Federal Govt. ; app. by Gov. Hayne his successor, com. of the State troops. He took an active part in the affairs of Texas ; procured the recognition of her independence from Eng. and France in 1841; subsequently aided in procuring her ad mission into the Union, and at the time of his death was U.S. senator elect. With his usual courtesy and generosity, he yielded his own chance of safety to a lady among the passen gers, to whom he was an entire stranger. H was one of the founders of the Southern Quar terly Review and of the Bank of Charleston, and took an active part in railroad enterprises, and in the extension and elevation of Southern commerce. Hamilton, JAMES, artist, b. Ireland ab. 1820 ; came to the U.S. in infancy ; established himself as a marine painter in Pbila., and ex celled in sea-fights. He is well known as the spirited illustrator of Dr. Kane s Arctic Exped. Among his pictures are " Capture of the Ser- apis," " Old Ironsides," " An Egyptian Sun set," " Wrecked Hopes," Coleridge s " Ancient Mariner," and many subjects from the Arabian Nights. Tuckerman. Hamilton, JAMES INGLIS, a British gen. ; d. Murdostown, July 27, 1803. He entered the army in 1755; served at Fort St. Philip in the exped. to St. Malo in 1758, and against Belle Isle in 1760; major 1761; Mar. 1774, lieut.-col. 21st; and proceeded to Canada in 1776 ; com. the 2d brigade in Bur- goyne s exped. ; made prisoner at Saratoga ; became rnaj. -gen. 1787; lieut.-gen. 1797 ; gen. 1802. Buryoyne s Ord. Book. Hamilton, JOHN, member of the council of N.J. 1713-46; com. -in-chief of the Province 1736-8; gov. 1746; d. 1746. Son of Gov. Andrew. Hamilton, JOHN CHURCH, son of Gen. Alexander, b. Phila. 1792. Col. Coll. 1809. Counsellor at law ; aide to Gen. Harrison ; resigned June, 1814. Author of " Memoirs of Alexander Hamilton," 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1834- 40 ; " Works of A. Hamilton," 7 vols. 8vo, 1851; " History of the Republic," 2 vols. 8vo, 1858. Hamilton, PAUL, sec. U.S.N. 1809-1813, b. S.C. ; d. Beaufort, June 30, 1816. He ren dered important services during the Revol. ; was compt. of S.C. from 1799 to 1804, im proving the financial system of the State ; and was gov. of S.C. in 1804-6. Hamilton, GEN. SCHUTLER, son of John C., and grandson of Alexander, b. N.Y. July 25, 1822. West Point, 1841. Entering the 1st Inf., he was severely wounded at Monterey , was brev. 1st lieut. ; and early in 1847, joining Scott in the Valley of Mexico, was app. act ing aide to the com.-in-chief. Aug. 13, while on a hazardous reconnoissance, he was attacked near Milflores by a superior force of Mexican lancers, and in a desperate hand-to-hand en counter was severely wounded. He was brev capt. for gallantry in this affair, and remained on Scott s staff until 1854; resigned in 1855, and took up his residence at Branford, Ct. After the fall of Sumter, he joined the 7th N.Y. regt. as a private ; was aide to Col. Lef- ferts, and also to Gen. Butler at Annapolis. On reaching Washington, he entered the mili tary family of Scott, with the rank of col. ; became brig.-gen. Nov. 12, 1861; ctccomp. Gen. Halleck to Mo. in Oct., and com. the dist. of St. Louis; in Feb. 1862 he com. a division in Pope s army, and was greatly instrumental in the capture of New Madrid. Gen. Hamilton com. the reserve at the action of Farmington. Made maj.-gen. Sept. 17, 1862, for "merito rious services at New Madrid and Island No 403 Ten ; " resigned Feb. 27, 1863. Author of a rt History of the National Flag of the U.S.," N.Y. 1852. Hamilton, CAPT. THOMAS, author of "Men and Manners in Amer.," b. 1789; d. Pisa, Italy, Dec. 7, 1842. Author of " Cyril Thornton," " Annals of the Peninsular Cam paigns," and a noted contrib. to Blackwood. He served in the Peninsular war and that of !812 with the U.S. Hamlin, HANNIBAL, statesman, b. Paris, Oxford Co., Me., Aug. 27, 1809. He prepared himself for coll. ; but the death of his father compelled him to take charge of his farm. At 21 he became a printer ; was admitted to the bar in 1833, and continued to practise until 1 848 ; was a member of the Me. legisl. from 1836 to 1840; speaker in 37, 39, and 40; M.C. in 1843-7 ; State representative in 1847 ; U.S. senator from 1848 to 1857, and gov. of Me. from Jan. 7 until his resignation, Feb. 20, 1857, having been re-elected to the U.S. senate; vice-pres. 1861-5 ; coll. of customs for the port of Boston 1865-9 ; U.S. senator since 1869. Hamline, LEONIDAS LENT, D.D., M. Ep. bishop 1844-52; b. Burlington, Ct., 10 May, 1797 ; d. Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, 23 Mar. 1865. Of Huguenot descent. His father, Mark, was a farmer, and designed him for the ministry. He entered that of the M. E. Church in 1828, officiating in Ohio ; and was co-editor of the Western Christian Advocate, and editor of the Ladies Repository 8 years. He devoted his ample fortune to the interests of his church, giving in one month $60,000 to two colleges. Hammond, CHARLES, lawyer and jour nalist, b. Baltimore Co., Md., Sept. 1779; d. Cincinnati, 3 Apr. 1840. His father moved to Ohio Co., Va., in 1785. He worked on a farm, but studied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1801, and opened an office in Wellsburg ; frequently contributed political articles to the newspapers. He first obtained notice by a series of able articles in the Scioto Gazette in defence of Gov. St. Clair. He was a resident of Belmont Co., O., in 1813; pub. the Ohio Federalist at St. Clairsville from Aug. 1813 to 1817; and from 1825 to his death was editor of the Cincinnati Gazette; member Ohio legisl. 1816-18 and 1820; removed to Cincinnati in 1822 ; reporter Ohio Sup. Court 1823-38, and pub. its Reports 1821-39 in 9 vols. 8vo (1833-40). He was an earnest advocate of a system of internal improvements, and of a thorough common school system. A specimen of his verse is in " Poets and Poetry of the West." Hammond, JABEZ D., LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1845), author and politician, b. N. Bedford, Ms., Aug. 2, 1778; d. Cherry Valley, N.Y., Aug. 18, 1855. With a limited education, he taught school at 15 ; studied and practised medicine in Reading, Vt., in 1799 ; and in 1805 settled as a lawyer in Cherry Valley. M.C. 1815-17; State senator 1817-21; practised in Albany in 1822-30 ; commiss. to settle the claims of N.Y, on the Gen. Govt. in 1825-6; visited Europe in 1831; re-established himself at Cherry Valley on his return ; chosen county judo-e in 1838. He pub. "Political History of N.Y.," 2 vols. 8vo; "Julius Melbourn," 1851; and "Life and Times of Silas Wright." Though a Democ., he sustained J. Q. Adanist for the presidency Hammond, JAMES HAMILTON, politi cian, b. Newbury dist., S.C., Nov. 15, 1807 ; d. Beach s Island, S. C., Nov. 13, 1864. S. C. College 1825. His father Elisha, a native of Ms., grad. at Dartm. Coll. in 1802, was prof, of languages in S.C. Coll. 1805-7, and d. July 27, 1829. James practised law from 1828 to 1830, and edited the Southern Times, which maintained the doctrine of State rights, and ad vocated the tariff nullification. Becoming a member of the gov. s staff, he aided in organiz ing the foi ce which S.C. raised in 1833 to re sist the Federal Govt.; M.C. 1835-7; app. gen. of militia 1841 ; gov. of S.C. 1842-4 ; and U.S. senator 1857-61. In a speech in the U.S. senate in March, 1858, he spoke contempt uously of the laboring-classes of the country. Sept. 15, 1858, in an elaborate speech at Co lumbia on public affairs, he abandoned extreme nullification opinions, and opposed re-opening the slave-trade. On the secession of S.C., he left the senate, and quietly superintended his large estates. His letters to Clarkson and others on slavery, with other essays on the same subject, Avere pub. at Charleston in 1853, and entitled " The Proslavery Argument." He also pub. several discourses on agriculture, manufactures, railroads, banks, and literary topics ; and wrote an elaborate review of the life, character, and public services of Calhoun. Pres. of S.C. Coll. 1861. Hammond, LE ROY, a Revol. officer, b. Richmond Co., Va., ab. 1740; died ab. 1800. In 1765 he removed to Ga., and thence to S.C., where he became a tobacco-merchant. He took up arms against the loyalists early in the war, acting as a col. ; engaged in the famous " Snow campaign, "and in the campaign of 1776 against the Cherokees, in which he was especial ly disting. He was afterward often employed, both by Cong, and the State of S.C., as Indian agent. In 1779 he took the field with his regt. ; was conspicuous in the battle of Stono Ferry ; and, after the fall of Charleston, adopted, like Marion and others, a desultory warfare, and was constantly engaged with the loyalists, Brit ish, and Indians; in 1780 he operated in con cert with Col. Clarke of Ga. ; in 1781 was at the siege of Augusta; thence he proceeded to that of Ninety-six, under Greene, after whose failure he served with his regt. under Pickens. After the battle of Eutaw, he was active in guerilla warfare. Col. Hammond ac quired high reputation as a partisan leader. Hammond, SAMUEL, Revol. officer, b. Richmond Co., Va., Sept. 21, 1757; d. near Augusta, Ga., Sept. 11, 1842. He received a good education ; served with distinction in the battle of Kenawha and in that of Long Bridge ; raised a company in 1779, and, joining Gen. Lincoln, was in the battle of Stono. He was assist.-quarterm. at the siege of Savannah ; and after the fall of Charleston, in May, 1780, kept the field with a small cav. force, keeping up an active partisan warfare. He was in the actions of Cedar Springs, Musgrove s Mills, Ramsay s Mills, King s Mountain, Guilford, Blackstocks (where he had 3 horses shot under him), the 404 Cowans, and was wounded at the siege of Au gusta and at Eutaw Springs. Sept. 17, 1781, he was made col. of cav., and served under Greene till the end of the war. He then moved to Ga., where he was surveyor-gen. ; led a vol. corps in the Creek Country in 1793; M. C. 1803-5; and from 1805 to 1824 was civil and milit. com. of Upper La. ; returning to S.C. in 1824, he was a member of the legisl. ; was app. surveyor-gen, in 1827, and in 183! sec. of state. Hammond, WILLIAM A., M.D., surgeon, h. Annapolis, Md., 28 Aug. 1828. M.D. of U. of N. Y. 1848. Assist, surgeon U. SI A. June, 1849-1860; app. prof, of anatomy and physiol. U. of Md. Oct. I860; assist, surgeon U/S. A. 28 May, 1861 ; surgeon-gen. April, 1862-Aug. 1864. Among his publications are " Military Hygiene," 1863 ; " Sleep and its De rangements," 1869 ; and " Venereal Diseases." Hamond, SIR ANDREW SNAPE, a Brit ish naval officer, b. Blackheath, Dec. 17, 1738 ; d. near Lynn, Norfolk, Oct. 12, 1828. He en tered the navy in 1753; served under Lord Howe, and became a post-captain in 1770; at the commencement of the Revol. war he joined " The Roebuck," 44; was present at the reduc tion of N. Y. ; destroyed " The Delaware," frig ate, with other vessels engaged in obstructing the Del. River; was in the unsuccessful attack on Mud Island, Oct. 1777 ; in that which proved successful in Nov. ; and at the close of 1778 received the honor of knighthood for his " very disting. conduct." He acted as capt. of the fleet at the reduction of Charleston, S.C., in 1780; and late in the year was app. lieut.-gov. and com. -in-chief of Nova Scotia. He re turned to Eng. in 1783, and was made a bar onet ; and was in 1794 a comptroller in the navy, retiring in 1806 with a pension. Hampton, WADE, maj.-gen. U. S. A., b. S.C. 1754; d. Columbia, S.C., Feb. 4, 1835. During the Revol. war he disting. himself as a partisan under Marion and Sumter ; was M.C. in 1795-7 and 1803-5; app. col. U.S.A. in Oct. 1808 ; brig.-gen. Feb. 1809 ; and maj.-gen. March 2, 1813; resigned April 6, 1814. Sta tioned in 1809 at N. Orleans, he was almost constantly quarrelling with his subordinates, and was, in consequence, superseded by Wilkin son in 1812. During the war of 1812, he com. a force on the northern frontier, with which, Oct. 26, 1813, he attacked Gen. Prevost, com. a much inferior force at Chateauguay, and was repulsed. The attempt on Montreal was frustrated by Hampton s unwillingness to co operate with Wilkinson, with whom he had long been at enmity. He owned 3,000 slaves, and had amassed a large fortune. His son, Col. Wade, app. lieut. of drags. 1813, acting insp.-gen. and aide-de-camp of Jackson at N. Orleans, Jan. 1815, d. at a plantation on the Mni. Feb. 10, 1858. Hampton, GKN. WADE, soldier and poli tician, b. Columbia, S.O., 1818. S.C. Coll. Grandson of the preceding. He had served in both branches of the State legisl. He com. a regt. known as the Hampton Legion in the first battle of Bull Run, where he was wound ed ; was promoted to brig.-gen. ; fought in the Peninsular campaign, and was again wounded at Seven Pines ; was in the army which invnd ed Md. under Gen. Lee in Aug. 1862; fought at Antietam ; was in the com. of Stuart when Md. and Pa. were invaded by him in Oct Severely wounded at Gettysburg ; afterward made lieut.-gen. ; and com. the cavalry of Lee s army in Va. in the summer of 1864 ; at Boyd- ton Plank Road, 27 Oct. 1864, attacked the Union forces in the rear, and afterward served in S.C. His bro., Col. FRANK HAMPTON, succeeded to the com. of the Legion, and was killed in May, 1863. Hamtramck, JOHN FRANCIS, col. U.S. A., b. Canada, 1757; d. Detroit, Apr. 11, 1803. A capt. in Dubois s N.Y. regt. in the Revol. war; maj. of inf. Sept. 29, 1789; lieut.-col. com. 1st sub legion, Feb. 18, 1793; com. the left wing under Gen. Wayne, and disting. in his victory on the Miami, Aug. 20, 1794 ; col. Apr. 1, 1802. He was an exemplary discipli narian. JOHN F., son of the above, b. Fort Wayne, Ind., 1797, d. Shepherdstown, Va., Apr. 21, 1858. West Point, 1819. He served with Taylor, then a capt. on the Indian fron tier; was U.S. Indian agent for Osage tribe 1826-31; col. 1st Va. regt. in Mexican war; com. a brigade in 1847 ; mayor of Shepherds- town 1850-4; and justice of Jeff. Co. Court 1853-8. Hancock, JOHN, minister of Brain tree from Nov. 2, 1728, to his death, May 7, 1744 ; b. Lexington, Ms., June 1, 1702. H.U. 1719. (Son of Rev. John, minister of Lexington from Nov. 2, 1698, to his death, Dec. 6, 1752.) He pub. a century discourse, Sept. 16, 1739, and some sermons. Father of Gov. John. Hancock, JOHN, Revol. patriot, b. Quin- cy, Ms., 12 Jan. 1737 ; d. there 8 Oct. 1793. A.M. of H.U. 1754; LL.D. 1792. Son of Rev. John of Braintree, after whose death he was educated by his uncle Thomas, a wealthy merchant of Boston, in whose counting-roorn he was placed ; and at his death (Aug. 1, 1764) inherited his large fortune and extensive busi ness. Visiting Eng. in 1760, he witnessed the coronation of George III. The seizure of his sloop "Liberty " in 1768, for evading the laws of trade, occasioned a riot ; several officers of the customs narrowly escaping with their lives. Member of the Prov. legisl. from 1766, he warmly opposed the measures of the British ministry, and, together with Samuel Adams, was exempted from pardon in Gov. Gage s proclamation, 12 June, 1775. He delivered the oration, 5 Mar. 1774, commemorating the Boston Massacre, fearlessly and powerfully reprobating the conduct of the soldiery, ex ceeding in its eloquence the expectations of every one; and gave additional umbrage to the gov. by declining the app. of councillor. Cho sen pres. of the Prov. Cong, in Oct. 1774, he was sent to the Gen. Cong, at Phila. in 1775, of which body he was pres. 24 May, 1 775-Oct. 1777, being the first to sign the Declaration of Independence. Pres. of the Ms. Com. of Safety in 1774-5. He possessed a fine address and great impartiality, and by his experience in public business made a good presiding officer. Feb. 6, 1778, he was app. first maj.-gen. of the Ms. militia; and in Aug. took part in Sullivan s exped. against R. I. Member of the State 405 Const. Conv. of 1780; gov. of Ms. from 1780 to 1785, and from 1787 to his death. Pres. of the conv. which adopted the Federal Constitu tion. He gave 500 towards furnishing a new library and philos. apparatus when Harvard Hall was burned in 1764. In 1775 he ra. Dorothy, cousin of Josiah Quincy the patriot. ^Hancock, WINFIELD SCOTT, maj.-gen U.S.A., b. Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 14, 1824. West Point, 1844. Entering the 6th Inf., he was brev. 1st lieut. for good conduct at Churu- busco, leaving Mexico quartermaster of his regt. 7 Nov. 1855, he was app. capt. in the quarterm. dept., and ordered to Florida during the campaign against the Seminoles. Sept. 23, 1861, he was made brig. -gen. ; served un der Gen. Franklin during the Peninsular cam paign ; disting. himself especially by a bayo net charge at the battle of Williamsburg. He disting. himself at South Mountain and Antie- tam ; and on the fall of Gen. Richardson was placed in com. of his division of Sumner s army-corps, which he led in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. June 29, 1863, he received the com. of the 2d army corps ; and in the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, was severely wounded. Maj.-gen. vols. Nov. 29, 1862 ; com. 2d corps Army of the Po tomac in battles of the Wilderness, Spottsyl- vania, North Anna, Tolopotomy, Cold Har bor, operations around Petersburg ; com. in battles of Deep Bottom, Reams s Station, and Boydton Plank Road, and engaged in siege of Petersburg; com. middle dept. 1865-6; dept. of Mo. 1866-8; brig.-gen. U. S. A. 12 Aug. 1864 ; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for battle of Spottsylvania ; and maj.-gen. U.S.A. 26 July, 1866. Cullum. Hand, EDWARD, brig.-gen., b. Clyduff, King s Co., Ireland, Dec. 31, 1744; d. Rock- ford, Lancaster Co., Pa., Sept. 3, 1802. In Oct. 1774 he accomp. the 18th (Royal Irish) regt. to Amer. as surgeon s mate; resigned this post on his arrival ; settled in Pa. for the prac tice of his profession ; and at the outset of the Revol. joined Thompson s rifle regt. as lieut.- col., and served at the siege of Boston. March 1, 1776, he was promoted to be col., and led his regt. in the battle of L. I. and at Trenton ; app. brig.-gen. Apr. 1, 1777, he succeeded Gen. Stark in the com. at Albany in Oct. 1778; and soon after was engaged in Sullivan s exped. against the Indians of Central N.Y. On the formation of the light inf. corps in Aug. 1780, the com. of one of the two brigades of which it was composed was assigned to Gen. Hand. Near the close of the year he succeeded Scammell as adj.-gen. After the war he held offices of civil trust ; member of Old Congress 1784-5 ; and his name is affixed to the Pa. con stitution of 1790. In 1798, when Washington accepted the com. of the army raised in anti cipation of a war with France, he recommended the app. of Hand as adjt.-gen. He was re marked in the army for his noble horsemanship. Handley, GEORGE, gov. Ga. 1788, b. near Sheffield, Eng., Feb. 9,1752 ; d. Rae s Hall, Ga., Sept. 17, 1793. He arrived in Savannah in May, 1775 ; and in 1776 joined the Ga. Cont. Bat. as capt., and rose to be lieut.-col. During the whole war he was actively engaged in S.C. and Ga. ; captured at Augusta, he was sent to Charleston as a prisoner of war. He was sheriff of Richmond Co. ; repeatedly a member of the legisl. ; insp.-gen. 1787; and also corn- miss, to the state of Franklin ; coll. of the port of Brunswick from Aug. 1789 till his death. Ga. Colls. 218. Hanger, GEORGE, Lord Coleraine, noted for eccentricity, b. 1750; d. Lond. March 31, 1824. Younger son of a noble family, he was educated for the army, and served through the American war, attaining the rank of major in Tarleton s famous legion. In a fight with Maj. Davie s dragoons at Charlotte, Sept. 25, 1780, his corps was roughly handled, and himself wounded. His reputation in America was that of a sensualist. He pub. in 1789 a reply to Mackenzie s " Strictures on Tarleton s History of the Campaigns of 1 780 and 1 781 ," 8vo. He was a boon-companion of George IV. ; and, on succeeding to his title in 1814, refused to as sume it. He pub. his " Life, Adventures, and Opinions " in 1801, with a portrait of himself hanging by the neck. Hannegan, EDWARD A., lawyer and sen ator, b. Ohio; d. St. Louis, Mo., Feb. 25, 1859. He received a good education ; studied law, and was adm. to the bar in his 23d year, settling in Ind. He was frequently a member of the State legisl. ; M.C. 1833-7; U.S. senator in 1843-9; minister to Prussia in 1849-50. While under the influence of liquor, he killed his bro.-in-law, Capt. Duncan, in 1852. Hanson, ALEXANDER CONTEE, lawyer and politician; d. Belmont, April 23, 1819, a. 33. Grandson of John, and son of Alex. F. (15 years chancellor of Md. ; sec. in Washing ton s milit. family in the Revol. war ; d. Annap olis, Jan. 1806). He edited at Baltimore the Federal Republican, bitterly opposing the ad ministration, and in 1812 pub. an article which so irritated the populace, that his printing-of fice was destroyed. The attempt to re-issue the paper next day brought on another attack. Mr. Hanson and his friends were, for security, placed by the civil authorities in jail, which was also attacked : he and others left by the mob wei-e supposed to be dead, and his friends, Gens. Lingan and Lee, were wounded. M.C. 1813-16; U.S. senator 1816-19. A person of this name pub. Laws of Maryland (1765-84) fol. Annap. 1787. Report Case Bapt. Irvine, Bait. 8vo, 1808. Hanson, JOHN, delegate to the Old Con gress 1781-3, and its pres. 1781-2, b. Md. ; d. Prince George Co., Md., Nov. 13, 1783. Hanson, ROGER, of Ky., brig.-gen. C.S.A. ; killed at the battle of Stone River 31 Dec. 1862. Haraden, JONATHAN, a naval officer of the Revol., b. Gloucester, Ms., 1745 ; d. Salem, Nov. 26, 1803. He was at first employed by Mr. Cabot of Salem, but, on the breaking-out of the war, joined "The Tyrannicide" of 14 guns as 1 st lieut. He soon became capt., and took com. of " The Pickering," in which he made many captures. In the Bay of Biscay, he cap tured in the night a British privateer of 22 guns and 60 men. He" soon after beat off " The Achilles, "a London privateer of 42 guns and 140 men, after a severe battle. On one occasion, h KLA.R 406 came up with 3 armed vessels, which formed in line, a sloop of 1 2, a brig of 1 4, and a ship of 1 6 guns. He captured them one after the other with ease. Off the capes of Del. he fell in with an English brig-of-war of equal force, which struck to him almost immediately. He is said to have taken 1,000 cannon from the English during the war. Toward its close, he, with his prizes, was captured by Rodney at St. Eusta- tia. He afterward com. " The Julius Cassar." Hunt s Merchants. Harbaugh, HENRY, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1860), divine and author, b. near Waynes- borough, Pa., Oct. 28, 1817; d. Mercersburg, Pa., Dec. 28, 1 867. His great-grandfather came from Switzerland ab. 1736. He worked on his father s farm until 19, when he went to the West, where he worked at the trade of a car penter. He taught school winters, and attended an acad. in the summer; and in 1840 entered Marshall Coll. at Mercersburg, Pa. He be came a zealous supporter of what is now known as the " Mercersburg Philosophy/ originated by Dr. Nevin. In 1843 he was ord. pastor of the German Ref. Church in Lewisburg, Pa. ; in April, 1850, was called to the First Ger man Ref. Church in Lancaster; and in 1860 to St. John s Church, Lebanon, Pa. Jan. 1, 1864, he was made prof, of theol. in the sem. at Mercersburg. He pub. " Heaven, or an Earnest and Scriptural Inquiry into the Abode of the Sainted Dead," 1848; "The Heavenly Recognition," 1851; " The Heavenly Home," 1853; "Union with the Church," 1853 ; " The Birds of the Bible," 1854 ; " Life of Rev. Michael Schlatter," 1857; "The Fa thers of the German Ref. Church in Europe and America," 3 vols., 1857-8; "The True Glory of Woman;" and the "Plea for the Lord s Portion of a Christian s Wealth, in Life by Gift, in Death by Will," 1858; "Poems," I860; "The Golden Censer," 1860; "Hymns and Chants," 1861 ; " Christological Theol ogy," 1864. He edited the Mercersburg Review the year before his death, also contributing the lives of German Reformed ministers to the Theol. Cyclopaedia of Dr. M Clintock. His poem called " Das Alt Schulhaus on Der Krick," an attempt to preserve the vernacular of the Pa. Germans, enjoyed a wide popularity. From Jan. 1850 he edited the Guardian, a monthly magazine. Harby, ISAAC, man of letters, b. Charles ton, S.C., 1788; d. New York, Nov. 14, 1828. He was the grandson of a lapidary of the Em peror of Morocco, who fled to Eng., and whose son emigrated to S.C. After studying law, he taught a school on Edisto Island; and at differ- ent times edited the Quiver, Investigator, South ern Patriot, and other newspapers, and became favorably known as an essayist and dramatic critic. He was the author of several orations, and of pkiys, entitled " Alexander Severus," " The Gordian Knot, or Causes and Effects" (1807), and " Alberti," 1819. In 1828 he re moved to N. Y., where he contrib. to the Evening Post and to periodicals. A selection from his writings, with a Memoir, was pub. at Charles ton in 1829. Duyckinck. Harcourt, WILLIAM, Earl, a British gen., b. March 20, 1743; d. June 18, 1830. He en tered the army in 1759, and served in Amer., where, in 1779, he was made col. of the 16th Dragoons, at the head of which he disting. him self in several actions, and, with a patrol of 30 men, took prisoner Gen. Charles Lee. This brilliant exploit procured Col. Harcourt the appoint, of aide-de-camp to the king. Maj.- gen. 1782; lieut.-gen. 1793; com. of the Brit, forces in Holland, 1794; gen. 1798; in 1809 succeeded to his title, and took his seat in the house of peers ; and became a field-marshal. Hardee, WILLIAM J., lieut.-gen. C.S.A., b. Savannah, Ga., Oct. 1815. West Point, 1838. Entering the 2d Drags., he became 1st lieut. 3 Dec. 1839; capt. 13 Sept. 1844; maj. 3 Mar. 1855; lieut.-col. 1st Cav. 28 Jan. 1860; res. 31 Jan. 1861. Brev. maj. for gallantry at Me- dellin, Mex., 25 March; and lieut.-coL for San Augustine, 20 Aug. 1847, and disting. also at Molino del Rey. Com. of cadets and instr. in tactics at West Point, July, 1856-8 Sept. 1860. In June, 1861, he was app. brig.-gen. Confed. army ; com. some time in Northern Ark ; com. a division, and promoted maj.-gen. for bravery atShiloh, 6 Apr. 1862; com. a division of Polk s corps, and promoted to lieut.-gen. for services at Perryville, 8-9 Oct. 1862; com. the 3d corps at Stone River, Dec. 29, 1862-3 Jan. 1863. After Chickamauga, Gen. Hardee, who com. the second corps, re-organized the Confed. army, and threatened Chattanooga. He com. the right at the defeat of Mission. Ridge in Nov. 1863, and succeeded Bragg in the chief com. until relieved by Joe Johnston, under whom he served until the fall of Atlanta. He com. at Savannah and at Charleston at the time of their capture by Gen. Sherman, whom he fought at Averysborough and Bentonville, N.C., and to whom he surrendered with Johnston s armv, 27 Apr. 1865; d. Wytheville, Va., Nov. 6, 1873. Hardenbergh, JACOBUS RUTSEN, D.D., clergyman ; d. N. Brunswick, N. J., Oct. 30,1 790, a. 52. N.J. Coll., 1770. His early education was limited ; but perseverance enabled him to acquire extensive learning. Ord. by that party in the Dutch Church denominated the Co3tus; was a zealous preacher, and, with Dr. Livingston, exerted himself successfully in unit ing the Dutch churches in 1772. During the Revol. he was a firm patriot ; and at its close, while minister of the D.R. church in N. Bruns wick, was made pros, of Queen s College, N.J. ; which post he filled till his death, at the same time discharging his pastoral relation. Hardie, JAMES, teacher, a graduate of Marischal Coll., Aberdeen ; died of cholera, N.Y., 1826. Tutor in Col. Coll. 1787-90. In Mar. 1814 he issued a prospectus of a mag , of which he was proprietor and editor. He had been an inmate of Dr. Beattie s family, at whose suggestion he came to N.Y. He finally ob tained a livelihood as a supernumerary of the Board of Health, but died in great indigence. He pub. " Corderii Colloguia," 2d ed., N. Y., 12mo, 1805; "Epistolary Guide "for the use of schools, 1817; "Freemason s Monitor," 1818; "Acc.ofMalignantFeverinN.Y.,"1799, Do. of 1805 ; " Viris lilustrihus Urbis Rowce.," 1818; "Dictionary of Wonders of Art and Nature, especially those in America," 12mOj 1819; "Account of the Yellow Fever in N.Y 407 in 1822," &c., 1822; "Description of the City of N.Y.," 12mo, 1827; "Biographical Diction- arv," 4 vols. 8vo. Hardie, JAMES A., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1843. Entering the 1st Art., he was assist, prof, at West Point in 1844- 6; raaj. 1st N.Y. vols. in Mex. war; capt. 3d Art. 5 Oct. 1857 ; transferred to 5th Art. 14 May, 1861 ; lieut.-col. and A.D.C. 28 Sept. 1861 ; and served on McClellan s staff during the Peninsular and Md. campaigns ; on that of Buruside in the Fredericksburg campaign ; as sist, adj.-gen. (rank of maj.) 19 Feb. 1863; col. and iusp.-gen. 24 Mar. 1864; brev. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for services in the Rebellion ; d. Washington, D.C., Dec. 15, 76. Hardin, COL. JOHN, b. Fauquier Co., Va., Oct. 1, 1753 : d. 1792. He early became an ex cellent marksman ; served with distinction in the Indian wars of Va., and as a lieut. in Mor gan s rifle corps in the Revol. ; settled in Wash ington Co., Ky., in 1786. He com. a detach ment of Ky. militia under Gen. Harraar at his defeat in Oct. 1 790 ; com. Gen. Scott s advance ; and disting. in his successful exped. against the Indians on the Wabash, in May, 1791. Mur dered by Indians, v, bile bearing a flag of truce near Shawneetown, O., for his horse and equip ments, which were very fine. Hardin, JOHN J., col. 1st 111. vols., b. Frankfort, Ky., 1810; killed at the battle of Buena Vista, Mex., Feb. 23, 1847. Transylv. U. Son of Maj. M. D. Hardin. Practised law at Jacksonville, 111., and was prosec.-atty. ; member 111. legisl. 1836-42; M.C. 1843-5. Hardiu, MARTIN D., lawyer, son of Col. John, b. on the Monongahela River, Pa., June 21, 1780; d. Franklin Co., Ky., Oct. 8, 1823. Educated at Transylv. Acad. ; studied law ; several years a member of the Ky. legisl. ; sec. of state in 1812; a maj. under Harrison in the north-western army in 1812; U. S. senator 1816-17. He pub. Rep. of Cases in Ky. Court of Appeals, 1805-8, Frankfort, 8vo, 1810. Harding, CHESTER, portrait-painter, b. Conway, Ms., Sept. 1, 1792 ; d. Boston, Apr. 1, 1866. His family, who were poor, removed to Hatfield, and subsequently to Western N.Y., where he worked on a farm and at chair-mak ing. He served in the war of 1812, and sub sequently engaged in cabinet-making and oth er pursuits in Caledonia, N.Y., and at house and sign painting at Pittsburg. While thus occupied, he sat for his portrait to a Mr. Nel son, who refused to give him any information as to his art. With such coarse paints as he had, Harding attempted his wife s picture. This Nelson pronounced a dead failure ; but other critics declared it an excellent likeness, and sat for their own portraits. He went soon after to Paris, Ivy., where he painted 100 portraits in 6 months, and then went to Phila. for instruc tion in his art. Ab. 2 years later he returned to Caledonia, paid off his old debts, and bought a farm for his family. He went to Eng. in Aug. 1823, remained 3 years abroad ; next re sided in Boston; again went to Eng. in 1843, and afterward lived in Springfield, Ms. Among his sitters were Presidents Madison, Monroe, and J. Q. Adams, John Marshall, Charles Car roll, Wm. Wirt, Clay, Webster, Calhoun, Washington Allston, David Ricardo, Samue* Rogers, Lord Aberdeen, the Dukes of Norfolk, Hamilton, and Sussex, and Daniel Boone ; at the time of his death he was engaged upon a likeness of Gen. Sherman. He left a MS. en titled " My Egotistography." Hardy, SIR CHARLES, a Brit, adm., gov. of N.Y. 1755-7; d. Spithead, Eng., May 18, 1780. Capt. R. N. 10 Aug. 1741 ; gov. and com.-in-chief at Newfoundland in 1744; rear- adm. of the White, and second in corn, at the taking of Louisburg in 1758 ; vice-adm. of the White in Hawke s victory of Belle Isle, 1759 ; gov. of Greenwich Hospital 1771-80, His bro. JOSIAH, an eminent merchant of Lon don, was gov. of N. Jersey in 1761-3. Hare, J. I. CLARK, jurist, b. Phila. 1816. U. of Pa. Adm. to the bar in 1841. Judge of the Phila. Dist. Court 1851-69 ; pres. judge since 1869. Editor of Smith s Leading Cases with H. B. and J. W. Wallace; of Amer. Leading Cases, 2 vols. 8vo ; and of White and Tudor s Leading Cases in Equity, 3 vols. 8vo. Hare, ROBERT, M.D. (Y.C. 1806 and H.U. 1816), chemist, b. Phila. Jan. 17, 1781 ; d. there May 15, 1858. U. of Pa., where he filled the chair of chemistry from 1818 to 1847. Prof, of nat. philosophy and chemistry in Wm. and Mary Coll. 1818. In early life he managed the extensive brewery of his father; but his tastes led him to scientific pursuits. In 1802 he invented the compound or oxy hydrogen blow-pipe, for which he received the Rumford Medal from the Amer. Acad. at Boston. His subsequent achievements in the fusing of met als, and kindred successful experiments, gave him a high rank in chemical science. He con- trib. to the materia medica his process of denar- cotizing laudanum, and to toxicology his meth od of detecting minute quantities of opium in solution. His course of instruction was marked by originality and simplicity. One of the most useful of his inventions is the valve cock, or gallows screw, by means of which perfectly air-tight communication is made between cavi ties in separate pieces of apparatus. He also constructed improved forms of the voltaic pile. In 1816 he invented the calorimeter, with which the first application of voltaic electricity to blasting underwater was made in 1831, under his direction. He became a convert to Spiritu alism a few years before his death, and lectured and published in its advocacy. He also pub. " Brief Views of the Policy and Revenues of the U.S.," 1811 ; "Chemical Apparatus and Manipulations," 1836; "Hauy s Elements of Experimental Chemistry," 2 vols. ; " Experi mental Investigations of the Spirit Manifesta tions," c., 8vo, 1856 ; besides moral essays in the Portfolio, and communications to the scien tific periodicals. He was a member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, of the Philos. Soc., and of the Smithsonian Inst. Harker, CHARLES G., brig.-gen. vols., b. Swedesborough, N. J., Dec. 2, 1837; killed at Kenesaw Mountain, June 27, 1864. West Point, 1 858. He entered the 2d Inf., and became 1st lieut. 15th Inf. May 14, 1861 ; capt. Oct. 24, 1861 ; lieut.-col. 65th Ohio vols., and col. Nov. 11, 1861 ; brig.-gen. Sept. 20, 1863. Join ing Buell s Army of the Ohio, he participated 408 in the battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth; led a brigade in chase of Buell ; fought bravely at Stone River, and was recom. for prom., but did not receive it until after Chickamauga and Chattanooga, in both of which battles he was highly disting. He com. a brigade under Gen. Howard in the Ga. campaign, and held the Peak of Rocky Face Ridge on May 7, 1 864, in spite of determined efforts to dislodge him; distinguishing himself also at Mission. Ridge and at Resaca, where he was wounded. Harker, SAMUEL, pastor of a church at Blackriver, E.Jersey, settled Oct. 31, 1752. He pub. in 1761 "Predestination Consistent with General Liberty," for which he was ex- duded, and disqualified to preach by the synods of N. Y. and Phila. In 1763 he pub. an " Ap peal from the Synod to the Christian World." Spraque. Harlan, JAMES, statesman, b. Clarke Co., 111., Aug. 25, 1820. Ind.AsburyU.1845. He became a lawyer ; was supt. of public instruc tion in la. in 1847 ; pres. of the la. Wesleyan U. in 1853 ; U. S. senator in 1855-65 and 1867-73; sec. of the interior from Mar. 1865 to Sept. 1866; delegate to the Phila. Loyal ist Conv. of 1866. Harlan, RICHARD, M.D., a physician, and writer on natural history, b. Phila. Sept. 19, 1796; d. New Orleans, Sept. 30, 1843. Pre vious to receiving his med. deg. in 1817, he made a voyage to Calcutta as surgeon of an E. India ship. Beside his private practice in Phila., he was in 1822 elected prof, of comp. anatomy in the Phila. Museum, where he de livered lectures on that science. In 1825 Dr. Harlan pub. his "Fauna Americana;" in 1835 "Medical and Physical Researches;" " Observations on the Genus Salamandra," 8vo, 1824; "American Herpetology," 8vo, Phila. 1827. In 1838 he visited Europe a second time ; and on his return, near the close of 1 839, he established himself in N. Orleans. Harmar, GEN. JOSIAH, b. Phila. 1753; d. there Aug. 20, 1813. Educated chiefly at Robert Proud s Quaker school, Phila. Made capt. 1st Pa. regt. in Oct. 1776; was its lieut.- col. in 1777, and until the close of the Revol. He was in Washington s army in the campaigns of 1778-80 ; served under Greene in the South in 1781-2; and was made brev. col. 1st U.S. regt. Sept. 30, 1 783. In 1 784 he took to France the ratification of the definitive treaty. As In dian agent for the North-west Territory, he was present, Jan. 20, 1785, at the treaty at Fort Mclntosh. Lieut.-col. of inf. under the con federation, Aug. 12, 1784 ; brev. brig.-gen. (by resolve of Congress, July 31, 1787), and gen.- in-chief of the army (29 Sept. 1789) ; com. an exped. against the Miami Indians, Sept. 30, 1790, and partially defeated Oct. 22, 1790 ; re- .signed Jan. 1, 1792 ; adj. -gen. of Pa. 1793-9 ; and active in preparing and furnishing the Pa. troops for Wayne s Indian campaign, 1793-4. A. T.G ood in an s Memoir. Harriett, CORNELIUS, a Revol. patriot, b. Eng. Apr. 20, 1723; d. Wilmington, N.C., Apr. 20, 1781. He was a man of wealth and consideration ; lived in the neighborhood of Wilmington, where he owned a large landed estate; aud was among the first in N.C. to denounce the Stamp Act and other kindred measures ; from which period, to the close of his life, he took a deep interest in public affairs. Member of the Provincial Assembly in 1770-1, and was chairman of the most important com mittee pf that body. As early as 1773, Josiah Quincy of Boston pronounced Mr. Harnett, to whom he had paid a visit at Wilmington, the Samuel Adams of N.C. In Dec. 1773 he was placed on the com. of corresp. ; was a member of the Prov. Congress, 1775 ; was pres, of the Prov. Council in 1775; and, on the abdication of Martin, he became the acting gov. of the State ; was a member of the Prov. Congress at Halifax in the spring of 1776 ; and was chairman of the com. whose report on the usurpations of the British Govt. con tained a resolution empowering the delegates of N.C. in Congress to use their influence in favor of a decl. of indep. Shortly after this occurrence, Sir H. Clinton, commanding a British force lying in Cape Fear River, issued a proclamation offering pardon to the inhabit ants of N.C. on condition of returning to their allegiance, excepting only Cornelius Harnett and Robert Howe. In the autumn of 1776 he was a member of a com. app. to draft a State const, as well as a bill of rights ; and to his liberal spirit the .people are indebted for the clause concerning religious liberty. Under the new constitution, Harnett became one of the council ; was in 1778 elected to fill Gov. Cas well s place in Congress ; and his name is attached to the articles of confederation. When the British subsequently held possession of the country adjacent to Cape Fear River, Mr. Harnett was made prisoner, and died while a captive. Harney, JOHN H., editor, and author of an excellent treatise on algebra; d. Louisville, Ky., 26 Jan. 1868. Many years connected with the press, and latterly editor of the Louis ville Democrat. Previous to his removal to Louisville in 1837, he was prof, of math, in Indiana U. His son Wm. Wallace, b. 20 June, 1832, is a poet and editor at Louisville. See Poets and Poetry of the West. Harney, JOHN M., M.D., poet, b. Sussex Co., Del., Mar. 9, 1789; d. Bardstown, Ky., Jan. 15, 1825. Second son of Thomas, a Revol. officer. In 1791 the family emigrated to Tenn., afterward to La. John studied medicine, and settled at BardstoAvn, Ky. The death of his wife in 1818 weighed so seriously upon him, that he abandoned his practice, and travelled in Europe. Receiving a naval app., he spent several years at Buenos Ay res. He next conducted a political paper at Savannah, Ga., a few months. " Crystallina, a Fairy Tale," appeared in 1816. Others of his poem s were contrib. to the Western Literary Journal. Among them " Echo and the Lover " attained a wide celebrity. Poets and Poetry of the West. Harney, WILLIAM SELBY, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. La. 1798. Bro. of John M. 2d lieut. in 1818 ; 1st lieut. in 1819 ; capt. in 1825, and participated in the Black Hawk war in 1833. He was made lieut.-col.2d Drags. Aug. 15, 1836; col. June 30, 1846. In the Florida war he was disting. in action at Fort Mellon, 409 and in defence of a trading-house at Carlopsa- hatchie, July 23, 1839 ; com. an exped. into the Everglades in Dec. 1840 ; and in 1841 was brev. col. " for gallant and meritorious conduct in Florida." He also disting. himself at Medel- lin, Mexico, Mar. 25, 1847, and was brev. brig.- gen. in 1848 for Cerro Gordo, Apr. 18, 1847. Sept. 3, 1855, he completely defeated the Sioux Indians at Sand Hills on north fork of the Platte River. June 14, 1858, he was made brig. -gen. and com. of the dept. of Oregon ; and July 9, 1859, took possession of the Island of San Juan, near Vancouver, which was claimed by the English as included within the boundaries of British Columbia. A dispute with Great Britain and the recall of Harney followed. Pie then com. the dept. of the West ; and in Apr. 1861, while on his way from St. Louis to Washington, was arrested at Harper s Ferry by the secession authorities of Va., and taken to Richmond, where, however, he was promptly released. On his return to St. Louis, he issued several proclamations, warning the people of Mo. of the danger of secession, and of the evil effects of the dissolution of the Union. May 21 he entered into an agreement with Gen. Sterling Price, commanding the State militia, to make no military movement so long as the peace of the State was "preserved by its authorities ; and was soon after relieved of his com. Retired Aug. 1, 1863 ; brev. maj.- gen. Mar. 13, 1865 ; member of the Indian commission in Aug. 1867. Harper, JAMES, JOHN, JOSEPH WESLEY, and FLETCHER, founders of the publishing- house of Harper and Brothers, b. Newtown, L.I., respectively in 1795, 1797, 1801, and 1804; were sons of a substantial farmer. At the age of 16, James and John were apprenticed to printers in New York ; afterwards established themselves in business, at first performing the greater part of the composition and press- work with their own hands, and soon became the leading publishing-house in America. Wes ley and Fletcher had been, in the mean time, apprenticed to their elder brothers, and in 1825 were adm. as partners; and the style of the firm was changed from J. & J. Harper to Harper & Brothers. In 1853 their estab lishment occupied 9 contiguous buildings, the whole of which were (Dec. 10) burned to the ground. The loss amounted to $1,000,000, upon which there was only $250,000 insur ance. Their present building covers about half an acre of ground, extending from Cliff Street to Franklin Square in Pearl Street. In 1 850 they commenced the publication of Har per s New Monthly Magazine. In 1857 they commenced the issue of Harper s Weekly, an illustrated newspaper. Their catalogue of publications embraces about 2,000. JAMES, the senior partner, was elected mayor of N.Y. in 1844; d. March 27, 1869. J. W. d. Feb. 14, 1870. John d. N.Y. City, April 22, 1875. Harper, ROBERT GOODLOE, LL.D., sena tor and lawyer, b. near Fredericksburg, Va., 1765 ; d. Baltimore, Jan. 15, 1825. N.J.Coll. 1785. His parents, who were poor, emig. while he was young to Granville, N.C. He displayed in his boyhood great vivacity and versatility of talent, and at the age of 15 joined a troop of horse, with which he participated i& Greene s campaign, acting as quartermaster. He procured admission into N.J. Coll., where he taught the inferior classes while gaining instruction and distinction in the upper. He studied law in Charleston, S.C. Removing into the interior, he soon acquired political consideration as a writer ; was the following year elected to the legisl. ; and in 1794-1801 was a member of Congress. Here he sided with the Federalists, zealously supporting the policy and measures of Washington. Soon after the defeat of his party, he m. the dau. of Charles Carroll of Carrollton ; resumed the practice of the law in Baltimore, where he soon became eminent in his profession. His defence of Judge Chase, when impeached by the house of representatives, was a masterpiece. Mr. Harper was subsequently elected by the legisl. of Md. to the U.S. senate (1815-16*) ; and was made a maj.-gen. in the State militia. In 1819-20 he with his family visited England, France, and Italy. After his return, and until his death, he employed himself chiefly in plans of a public character, such as the promotion of internal improvements and the colonization of the blacks. One of the reports of the Colonization Society contains a long and able dissertation which he wrote. A vol. of Mr. Harper s addresses and speeches was pub. Bal timore, 1814. His pamphlet, pub. in 1797, entitled " Observations on the Dispute between the U.S. and France," acquired great celebrity. He also pub. an address on the British Treaty, 1796; Letters on the Proceedings of Congress ; Letters to his Constituents, 1801 ; Corresp. with Robert Walsh respecting Germany ; Ad dress on the Russian Victories, and on the Triumphs in Germany in 1814. His son, CHARLES CARROLL HARPER, sec. of legation at Paris, d. near Paris, France, June 23, 1837, a. 35. His widow d. Feb. 1861. Harper, WILLIAM, jurist, b. Island of An tigua, Jan. 17, 1790; d. S.C. Oct. 10, 1847. S.C. Coll. 1808. He went to school in Balti more ; and in 1802 moved with his father to Columbia, S.C., where he afterward practised law; moved to Mo. in 1818, and was made chancellor in 1819 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1821. Returning to Columbia in 1823, he was State reporter 2 years, and pub. a vol. of Reports. U. S. senator in 1826 ; afterwards a member of the legisl., and speaker of the house in 1828; and chancellor of the State from 1834 till his death. App. in 1831 a judge of the Court of Appeals. He prac tised law in Charleston in 1826-8. His literary performances were an article on Colonization in the Southern Review, a speech in Congress on the " Panama Mission," a eulogy on Chan cellor De Saussure, and several speeches in favor of nullification, which doctrine he warmly espoused. Harriman, WALTER, gov.N.H. 1867-9, b. Warner, N.H., ab. 1817. He was a school teacher, subsequently a trader, and an active politician, having held important offices in the gift of the Democ. party. In Aug. 1862 he be came col. llth N.H. regt., which he led through the war with reputation ; sec. of state of N.H, 1865-7. He is a popular public speaker. KLAJR, 410 Harrington, CHARLES STANHOPE, 2d Earl, a British gen., b. 1753; d. Brighton, Sept. 15, 1829. In 1769, being then Lord Petersham, he entered the Foot Guards ; in Feb. 1776, as a capt. in the 29th, he arrived at Quebec, and served in all the operations of Burgoyne until the surrender at Saratoga ; was his aide at the close of the campaign, and carried his despatches to Eng. He succeeded to the earldom in April, 1779. He afterward served in the W. Indies, and became a gen. in 1803. Harrington, SAMUEL MAXWELL, LL.D. (1854), jurist, b. Dover, Del., Feb. 5, 1803; d. Phila. Nov. 28, 1865. Wash. Coll., Md., 1 823. Having studied law, he became in 1829 sec. of state; and in 1831, at the age of 28, chief justice of the Supreme Court of Del. When this court was merged into the Superior Court, he became an assoc. justice on its bench, con tinuing until 1855, when again app. chief jus tice ; and from 1857 till his death he was chancellor of the State. In 1849 he was the head of the commis. to codify the laws of the State, receiving the thanks of the legist, for the able manner in which he fulfilled the im portant task. He pub. " Reports of the Sup. Ct. of Delaware," 3 vols. 8vo, Dover, 1837-44. Harriot, THOMAS, an English mathema tician and astronomer, b. Oxford, 1560; d. July 21, 1621, at Sion College, where he re sided several years. Educated at Oxford, where he took the degree of B.A. in 1579; afterward became intimate in the family of Sir Walter Raleigh, and his tutor in mathematics. In 1585 he was sent by him to Va. with the colony under Sir Richard Grenville ; remained about a year ; and on his return pub. as the re sult of his observations, " A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Va.," 4to, 1588. He received a pension from the Earl of Northumberland, who received him into his family, and with whom, as well as Raleigh, he passed much of his time while they were in the Tower. Harriot invented the present improved method of algebraical calculation, first made public in a posthumous work pub. in 1631. A tract of his, entitled " Ephemeris Chyromet- rica," said to be preserved in the library of Sion College, indicates his merit as an astrono mer. Bioy. Brit. Harris, CHAPIN A., M. D., b. Pompey, Onondaga Co., N.Y., 1806. Prof, of dental surgery in Baltimore Coll., founded by him self, and chartered 1839. Author of "Diseases of the Maxillary Sinus," 8vo, 1842 ; "Charac teristics of the Human Teeth," 8vo, 1841 ; " Dictionary of Dental Science," 8vo, 1849, 2d ed. enlarged, 1854; "Dental Surgery," 8vo, 1839; "Fox s Diseases of the Teeth," 8vo, 1846; and some transls. from the French. Editor of the Journal of Dental Science since its commencement in 1839; contrib. to the Md. Jour, of Med. and Chir., Jour, of Med. Science, N. Y. Dental Itecorder, &c. Allibone. Harris, GEORGE, Lord, a disting. English pen., b. March 18, 1746; d. Belmont, Kent, May 19, 1829. He was educated at Westmin ster ; entered the army in 1759; became capt. in 1771 ; came to America with his regt. tthe 5th Foot), where he was engaged in the action of Lexington and in the battle of Bun ker s Hill. In the latter he was severely wounded in the head, and in consequence was trepanned, and went home, but returned in time to take the field previously to the landing of the army on L. I. in July, 1776. Capt. Harris was present at the affair of Flatbush ; in the skirmishes on the Island of New York ; in the engagement at White Plains ; at Iron Hill (where he was shot through the leg; but, notwithstanding the severity of his wound, he mounted a horse, and went in pursuit of the enemy) ; and in every action up to the 3d Nov. 1778, except that of Germantown. In the lat ter year he was app. to a majority in his regt., and in that rank served under Brig.-Gen. Meadows at St. Lucie. In 1779 he embarked with his regt. as marines, and was present in the engagement off Grenada, under Admiral Byron. He afterward served in India; and in Feb. 1798 was made gov. of Madras. In Dec. 1798 he was placed at the head of the army against Tippoo Sultaun, and captured Seringa- patam, for which service he received the thanks of both houses of parliament; was promoted to the colonelcy of the 73d Foot, Feb. 14, 1800 ; lieut.-gen. Jan. 1, 1801 ; gen. Jan. 1, 1812 ; and was raised to the peerage by the title of Lord Harris, Aug. 11, 1815. Harris, GEORGE W. ("SutLovingood"), jurist and humorist, b. Tenn. 1805; d. near Knoxville, Tenn., Dec. 11, 1869. Author of a number of works written in a witty and hu morous style. A George W. Harris pub. " Re ports of the Supreme Court of Pa.," 1849-56, Phila. 12 vols. Harris, IRA, jurist, b. Charleston, Mont- gom. Co., N.Y., 31 May, 1802. Un. Coll. 1824. Traces his lineage to the colony of Roger Wil liams. Settled in the practice of law in Al bany; member legisl. 1844-6; of the Const. Convs. of 1845 and 1867 ; judge of the Su preme Court of N.Y. 1847-60, and U.S. sena tor 1862-8. Harris, ISHAM G., gov. of Tenn. 1857-62; M.C. 1849-53. He took part in the Rebellion, after which he settled as a merchant in Liver pool. Harris, SAMUEL, Baptist minister, called the "Apostle of Virginia," b. Hanover Co. Jan. 12, 1724. Removing to Pittsylvania Co., he was col. of militia, captain of May s Fort, and commiss. for the fort and army. He was baptized about 1758, and preached diligently, but was not ord. until 1769. His pious zeal caused him to be persecuted, knocked down, pulled from the stand while preaching, and dragged by the hair. He devoted much of his property to charity, resigning his worldly of fices, as he ascribed to them the diminution of his religious enjoyments. He exercised great power over his hearers. In 1774 the gen. assoc. of separate Baptists chose Mr. Harris apostle, and ord. him by the hands of every minister in that body. Harris, SAMUEL, D.D., pros. Bowd. Coll. 1867-71. Bowd. Coll. 1833 ; Wms. Coll. 1855. Teacher Machias Acad. 1838-41 ; ord. Dec. 22, 1841; settled at Conway, Me., 1841-51; at Pittsfield, 1851-5; prof, theol. Bangor Theol Sem. 1855-67. 411 " Truth and Life in Jesus, 12 Sermons ; " and "The Millennial Age, 12 Sermons." Editor and chief contrib. to the Herald of Light, a monthly Spiritual journal. Harris, WILLIAM, D.D., pres of Col Coll. (1811-29), b. Springfield, Ms., April 29, 1765; d. N. Y. Oct. 18, 1829. H. U. 1786. Harris, THADDEUS MASON, D.D., clergy man and author, b. Charlestown, Ms., July 17, 1768; d. in Boston, Ms., Apr. 3, 1842. H.U. 1 787. After graduating, he taught school at Worcester, and was invited to become the pri vate sec. of Washington, but was prevented by illness. He then studied theol. at Cambridge, where he delivered in 1790 a Phi Beta Kappa ^xQrd. in 1791, and took charge of St. Michael s Oration nn " Lp.arnfld Associations." Lihrari- Church, Marblehead, as well as of the acad. in that place. From 1802 to 1816, he was rector of St. Mark s, N. Y., and established in its neighborhood a classical school of the highest order. The establishment and complete suc cess of the Col. Coll. grammar school was the realization of one of his favorite plans. Harris, WILLIAM THADDEUS, hist, schol ar, b. Milton, Ms., Jan. 25, 1826; d. Cam bridge, Oct. 19, 1854. H. U. 1846. Son of Dr. T. W. Harris. He early evinced a fond ness for books, which, in consequence of physi cal infirmity, became in process of time his on ly solace and amusement. He studied law ; but physical debility debarred him from practice. In 1845 he pub. ^Epitaphs from the Old Bu- Oration on "Learned Associations." Librari an of H.U. from 1791 to 1793; pastor of the First Church at Dorchester from Oct. 23, 1793, to 1839. In 1790 he pub. an elegy, " The Triumphs of Superstition ; " in 1803 a" Jour nal of a Tour into the North-west Territory in 1803 ; " " The Minor Encyclopaedia," 4 vols. 1803 ; "Natural History of the Bible," 1820; " Memoirs of Oglethorpe," 1841 ; " Hymns for the Lord s Supper," 1820; numerous Sermons and Addresses ; " Discourses in Favor of Free masonry," 8vo, 1801 ; "Memorials of the First Church in Dorchester," 8vo, 1830. See Biog. Notice by Dr. Frothingham in Ms. Hist. Coll., 4th series, vol. ii. Harris, TEIADDEUS WILLIAM, M.D., ento mologist, b. Dorchester, Ms., Nov. 12, 1795; d. Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 16, 1856. H. U. 1815. Son of the preceding. He studied medicine, and began to practise in Milton. Librarian of H. U. from 1831 to his d. For several years he gave instruction in botany and natural history in the coll. ; and he originated the Harv. Natural His tory Society for the students. He was a learned botanist; but it is as an entomologist, to which science he was especially devoted, that his Eu ropean fame is owing. In 1837 he was app. one of the commiss. for a zoological and botanical survey of Ms., the result of which was his " Systematic Catalogue of the Insects of Ms." (8vo, 1832), enumerating 2,350 species. His extensive collection of N. Amer. insects, to gether with the catalogues and drawings relat ing to them, were purchased by subscription for the Boston Society of Natural History. His " Treatise on Some of the Insects of N. Eng. Injurious to Vegetation," 1841, is a permanent contrib. to science of the highest value. A new and enlarged ed. was pub. in 1852. He took a deep interest in antiquarian researches. More than 50 of his papers have been pub. in the N. E. Farmer, Horticultural Magazine, Ms. Ploughman, " Encyclopaedia Americana," " Trans." of the Phila. Acad. and of the Hart ford Nat. Hist. Society ; the " Journal " of the Boston Society of Nat. Hist. ; " The N. E. Hist, and Geneal. Reg.," " The Cambridge Chronicle," &c. His " Entomol. Corresp.," pub. 18fi9, contains a Memoir by T. W. Higginson. Harris, THOMAS L., lawyer, and M. C. 1849-55, b. Norwich, Ct., Oct. 29, 1816; d. Petersburg, 111., Nov. 24, 1858. Trinity Coll., Hartford, 1841. He studied law in Ct. ; com menced practice in 1842 at Petersburg, 111.; State senator 1846; maj. 4th 111. regt. in the Mex. war, and disting. at Cerro Gordo. Harris, THOMAS L*., author of " Arcana of Christianity," and founder of a community of Spiritualists at Brocton, Lake Erie^N. Y., b. Stony Stratford, Eng., 1824. Emig. to the U.S. in early life. Among his works is an " Epic of the Starry Heavens," 1854 ; " Mod ern Spiritualism, its Truths and its Errors ; " rying-Ground at Cambridge ; " edited for the Ms. Hist. Society a new edition of " Hubbard s Hist, of N. E.," to which he added many im portant notes, 1848 ; and in 1849 edited the 3d vol. of the N. E. Hist, and Gen. Reg. He was a member of many literary societies. EDWARD D . H ARRI s, his bro . , has p ub. geneal s . of the Vas sal, Bascom, and Brattle fams., and Watertown Epitaphs. N. E. H. and Gen. Reg., ix., 100. Harrison, BENJAMIN, statesman, b. City Point, on the James River, ab. 1740 ; d. there Apr. 1791. A student, but not agrad., of Wm. and M. Coll. In 1764 he was a member of the State legisl., of which he was soon chosen speaker; member of the com. in 1764 which prepared the memorials to the king, lords, and commons ; an opponent of the Stamp-Act reso lutions of Henry; a member of the Mercantile Assoc. of 1770, of the com. of corresp., and of all the conventions held until the govt. under the Constitution was established. He was of fered a seat in the exec, council ; but his attach ment to the patriot cause prevented his accept ance of it. He was a delegate to the first gen. Congress of 1774, and immortalized his name by affixing it to the great charter of American liberty. Mr. Harrison rendered valuable ser vices as chairman of the board of war, and on other important committees. Resigning his seat in 1777, he was elected to the H. of burgesses ofVa.,and was chosen speaker. This position he retained until 1782, when he was made gov. of the State, and was twice re-elected. He was a member of the first council of state in 1776. In 1788 he became a member of the convention ofVa. that ratified the Constitution of the U.S. He advocated its adoption with certain amendments, but voted against it. He m. Eliz., dau. of Col. Wm. Bassett; and was the father of Pres. Wm. H. Harrison. His bro. CHARLES (Wm. and M. Coll. 1760) was a gen. of the Revol. Commiss. col. of art. Nov. 30, 1776, and served to the end of the war. Harrison, NAPOLEON B.,capt, U.S.N., b. Va. Feb. 19, 1823 ; d. Key West, Fla., Nov. 1, 1870. Midshipm. Feb. 26, 1838; lieut. Jan. 6, 1853; comm. July 16, 1862; capt. Apr. 28, 412 1868. Served in Cal. during the Mexican war; com. " Cayuga," flag-ship of Capt. Bailey, and led the line in passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip to the city of N. Orleans; and specially commended for gallantry and skill in official reports. Com. steamer " Mahaska " in James- River flotilla ; steam-frigate " Minnesota/ N. Atl. block, squad., 1862-3; attached to So. Atl. block, squad. 1863-5 ; and took part in the op erations on the S.C. coast up to the fall of Charleston ; commandt. of Midshipmen Naval Acad., Annapolis, 1868-9. Hamersly. Harrison, R- A., a Canadian lawyer, b. Montreal, Aug. 3, 1833. Lawyer of Toronto. Called to the bar in 1855. Author of " Digest of Cases in the Queen s Bench, U.C.," 1823- 51; "Common Law Procedure Act," 1856; " Statutes of U.C. to 1856 ; " " Sketch of the Legal Profession in U.C.," 1857; "Rules of Practice and Pleading in the Courts of U.C.," 1858; "Municipal Manual of U.C.," 1859. Connected with the Law Journal since July, 1856. Morgan. Harrison, RICHARD, 55 years auditor of the U.S., 5 years consul to Cadiz, b. 1750; d. Washington, July 10, 1841. Harrison, ROBERT HANSON, jurist, b. Md. 1745; d. at residence on the Potomac, Charles Co., Md., Apr. 2, 1790. Educated to the law. He succeeded Joseph Reed as sec. to Washington, Nov 6, 1775, with the rank of lieut.-col., and continued in the family of Wash ington until the springof 1781. In Nov. 1777 he was app. by Congress a member of the board of war, but declined. He became chief justice of the Gen. Court of Md. Mar. 10, 1781; and in 1789 declined the app. of judge of the Sup. Court of the U.S. Harrison, WILLIAM HENRY, 9th Pres. of the U.S., b. Berkeley, Charles Co., Va., Feb. 9, 1773; d. Washington, D.C., April 4, 1841. Son of Gov. Benjamin. Educated at Hamp. Sid. Coll., and studied medicine. In April, 1791, he received from Washington the com mission of ensign ; was in 1792 promoted to a lieutenancy, and fought under Wayne, who made him one of his aides. After the desperate battle at the Miami Rapids and the treaty of Greenville, in 1795, he was made capt., and was placed in com. of Fort Washington, the site of the city of Cincinnati. In 1797 he resigned, and was app. sec. of the North-west Territory ; became its delegate to Congress in 1799; first gov. of the Territory of Ind. 1801-13; and was also supt. of Indian affairs, concluding in the course of his administration 13 important trea ties with the different tribes. Nov. 7, 1811, he gained over the Indians, led by Tecumseh, the celebrated battle of Tippecanoe; com. as maj.- gen. of Ky. militia the north-western army during the war of 1812; and bore a disting. part in the campaign of 1812-13, the defence of Fort Meigs, and the victory of the Thames, Oct. 5, 1813; brig.-gen. Aug. 22, 1812; maj.- gen. Mar. 2, 1813. Resigning in 1814, he, in conjunction with Shelby and Cass, treated with the North-western Indians at Greenville ; and in 1815 he was placed at the head of a commission to treat with various other important tribes; M. C. in 1816-19 from Ohio; member of the senate 1819-21; U.S. senator 1825-8; and in 1828 he was minister to the Republic of Colombia. He had in 1814, taken up his residence at North Bend, on the Ohio. Nomi nated by the Harrisburg Convention in Dec. 1839 for the presidency, mass meetings and processions were first brought into vogue ; and the slur which had been cast upon Gen. Harri son, that he lived in a log-cabin, with nothing to drink but " hard cider," was seized upon as an electioneering appeal. He was triumphantly elected, receiving 234 out of 294 votes. He entered upon the duties of his office with an un common degree of popularity ; and his death, which took place just a month after his inau guration, caused a deep sensation throughout the country. Author of a " Discourse on the Aborigines of the Valley of the Ohio," Gin., 8vo, 1838. His wife, dau. of John Cleves Symmes, d. North Bend, O., Feb. 26, 1864. His dau. Lucy D., wife of Hon. D. K. Este, noted for piety and benevolence, b. Richmond, Va., d. Cincinnati, 7 Apr. 1826. A Memoir of Harrison, by Moses Dawson, was pub. in 8vo, Cincinnati, 1824 ; and another, by James Hall, 18mo, 1836. Harrod, COL. JAMES, a Kentucky pioneer, b. Va. Emig. to Ky. in 1774. Built the first log-cabin upon the present site of Harrodsburg. One of the most efficient of the early military leaders of Ky. Expert in the use of the rifle, he was a successful hunter, and a dangerous an tagonist of the Indian. He was at the battle of Point Pleasant in 1774. He survived the stormy scenes of his youth, and late in life ab sented himself from home on hunting-excur sions, from one of which he never returned. Collins. Harsha, DAVID ADDISON, author, b. Ar- gyle, N.Y., Sept. 15, 1827. He received a clas sical and theol. education, but, owing to a bron chial affection, never entered the ministry. He has pub. " The Heavenly Token," 1 856 ; " Lives of Orators and Statesmen/ 1854 ; " Star of Bethlehem," &c., 1864; "Manual of English Sacred Literature," and Lives of Charles Sumner, Doddridge, Baxter, Addison, and Bunyan ; and Lives and Select Works of Isaac Watts, George Whitefield, James Hervey, and Abraham Booth ; " Devotional Thoughts of Eminent Divines," 1869. Duyckinck. Harte, FRANCIS BRET, poet and humorist, b. Albany, Aug. 25, 1839. Lost his father, a prof, in the Albany Female Seminary, when a child. At 17 he went to California, "where he taught school, became a miner, and then a compositor in a newspaper office at Eureka. Returning to San Francisco, he was a composi tor, and afterwards editor of the Golden Era. He held positions successively in the surv.- general s office, the U.S. marshal s office, and the branch mint; and was concerned in the management of the Californian. He became known to the public by his poems and character istic pictures of California life in the Overland Monthly, founded and edited by him in July, 1868. Author of " Luck of Roaring Camp, and Olher Tales," 1869; a vol. of Poems, 1870, and " Condensed Novels." Hart, JAMES M., landscape-painter, b. Kil- marnock, Scotland, 1828; came to Albany with his family in 1831, where he was a coach- HAIR 413 maker s apprentice, and afterward an artist under the instruction of his bro. Wm. In 1851 he went to Dusseldorf ; returned to Albany in 1852, and in 1856 settled in N.Y. City. Among his pictures are " Autumn in the Woods," " Moonrise in the Adirondacks," " Peaceful Homes," and " Sunday Afternoon in Berk shire." Became an academician in 1859. Tuckerman. Hart, JOEL T., sculptor, b. Clark Co., Ky., 1810. In his boyhood he worked as a mason, and had but one quarter s schooling, but was an indefatigable reader. In 1830 he worked at stone-cutting in Lexington ; soon began model ling busts in clay, and succeeded in obtaining good likenesses of many persons at the West ; among others, Gen. Jackson and Cassius M. Clay, who gave him his first commission for a bust in marble. His statue of Henry Clay was shipped from Florence to the U.S. Aug. 29, 1859. He has executed many busts of em inent men, some ideal works, and was long en gaged upon a colossal bronze statue of Henry Clay for New Orleans. Among his works is "Angelina," "Woman Triumphant," and "II Penseroso." D. Florence, Italy, Mar. 2, 1877. Hart, JOHN, signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Hopewell, N. J., 1708; d. there 1780. A respectable farmer with an ordinary education. He was for many years a member of the colo nial legisl. of N. J., and was disting. for good sense, patriotism, integrity, and moral excel lence. He was a delegate to Congress from 1774 to 1777, and suffered much at the hands of the loyalists, who used special exertions to take him prisoner. He fled from his family, and wandered through the woods from cot tage to cottage, and from cave to cave, con stantly hunted by his enemies ; so that he never ventured to sleep twice in the same house. The capture of the Hessians by Washington al lowed him to return to his estate, where he passed the rest of his life. Great confidence was reposed in the wisdom and judgment of " honest John Hart." Hart, JOHN SEELY, LL.D., b. Stockbridge, Ms., Jan. 28, 1810. N.J. Coll. 1830. Prof, of rhet. and the Eng. lang. there since 1 872. Prin cipal of Phila. High School 1842-58. Author of essay on " Spenser and the Fairy Queen," 8vo, 1847 ; " Female Prose Writers of Ameri ca," 8vo, 1851; " Class-Book of Poetry," 12mo, 1844; "Class-Book of Prose," 1844; "Ex position of the U.S. Constitution for Schools," 1845; "Greek and Roman Mythol.," 1853; editor of Pa. Comm. Sch. Jour., 1 844 ; Sartain s Mag., 1849-50 to July, 1851 ; "The Iris," an annual for 1850, 51, and 52 ; " White s Uni versal Hist. ; " and other works. He has also contrib. to the periodicals. Allibone. Hart (or HEART), MAJOR JONATHAN, U.S.A., b. Kensington, Ct., 1748; killed in bat tle with the Indians, Nov. 4, 1791. Y.C. 1768. Son of Ebenezer Heart. His bro., Dr. Josiah of Marietta, O. (Y. C. 1762), d. Aug. 1812, a. 74. Jona. taught school in N. J. ; settled in Farmington in 1773 as a merchant ; was a pri vate soldier at Bunker s Hill ; and served through the Revol. in the 1st Ct. regt., attain ing the rank of capt. and brig. -quartern!. En gaging in surveying, he was in 1785 app. capt. 1st U.S. regt., and served at rarious Western posts, and in the Indian campaigns of Scott and Harmar. App. major 2d U.S. Inf. Mar. 4, 1791, and accomp. St. Glair s exped. Near the sources of the Miami of the Lakes, in what is now Darke Co., O., St. Glair s army was sur prised, and totally defeated. Hart commanded the regulars in this battle. While covering the retreat of the shattered remnant of the army, he was ordered to charge with the bayonet ; and, in gallantly performing this perilous duty, he, with nearly all his com., were killed. He con trib. " Observations on the Ancient Works of Art," " The Native Inhabitants of the Western Country," to the Trans. Amer. Soc., iii. 214. Hart, COL. JOSEPH C., author of " Miriam Coffin," and " Romance of Yachting," N.Y. 8vo, 1848; consul at Santa Cruz; d. thera July 23, 1855. Hart, LEVI, D.D. (NJ.Coll. 1800), minis ter of Preston, Ct., from Nov. 4, 1762, to his d., Oct. 27, 1808, a. 69. Y.C. 1760. Son of Tnos. of Southington. He studied with Dr. Bellamy, whose dau. Rebecca he afterward m., and trained many young men for the ministry. He pub. occasional sermons, 1771-1803. Sprague s Annals. Hart, OLIVER, Baptist minister of Charles ton, S.C., from 1749 to Feb. 1780, b. War- minster, Bucks Co., Pa., July 5, 1723; d. Hopewell, N. J., Dec. 31,1 795. Ord. at South ampton, Oct. 18, 1749. He was a patriot, and was sent with Wm. Tennent by the Council of Safety to reconcile some of the disaffected fron tier settlers to the change in public affairs con sequent upon the Revol. In Dec. 1780 he settled at Hopewell. He had strong powers of mind, and sound judgment ; was something of a poet, and pub. a number of sermons and tracts. Hart, WILLIAM, painter, b. Paisley, Scot land, 1823. Emigrating with his parents to the U.S. in 1831, he settled in Albany; and in a few years was apprenticed to Eaton and Gilbert, coachmakers in Troy, by whom he was employed to paint coach-panels. He sub sequently painted landscapes, portraits, and even window-shades ; and paid a visit to his native country. Since 1848, he has been an associate and a regular exhibiter at the National Acad. of Design, of which in 1 858 he was elected an academician. A resident of N.Y. City ; pres. of the Brooklyn Acad. of Design. Among his pictures is " Coming from the Mill," " Little Spring," " Gloaming," " Up among the Hills," " Peace and Plenty," " October Golden Hours," " Close of Day on Mt. Desert," " Autumn in the Valley," " Storm Clearing Off," " Melrose Abbey," " Lake among the Hills," and " The Joy of Autumn." His latest work is a series representing the seasons. Hartley, DAVID, an English politician and inventor, b. 1729 ; d. Bath, Dec. 19, 1813. He was the son of the celebrated writer on metaphysics ; was educated at Oxford ; some time M. P. for the town of Kingston-upon- Hull ; and uniformly displayed as a senator liberal and enlightened views. His steady opposition to the war with the Amer. Colonies led to his being app. one of the plenipoten tiaries to treat with Dr. Franklin at Paris; 414 and some of his letters on that occasion were pub. in the corresp. of that statesman in 1817. It has been conjectured that Hartley procured for Dr. Franklin the letters of Hutch- inson and others. In the House of Commons, Hartley was one of the first promoters of the abolition of the slave-trade. His scientific knowledge was exhibited in many useful in ventions. He pub. " Letters on the American War," 1776, and other polit. tracts. Aikin, Gen. Biog. Diet. Hartley, THOMAS, M.C. from 1789 to 1800, b. Reading, Pa., Sept. 7, 1748; d. at York, Pa., Dec. 21, 1800. He studied and practised law in York ; was commis. lieut.-col. of Irvine s regt. Jan. 9, 1776; col. 6th Pa. 1776-9. He com. an exped. in Oct. 1778 against the savages who were concerned in the Wyo ming massacre. He destroyed their settlements, killed some of the Indians, and recovered con siderable of the spoil they had carried off. He was in the Pa. Assembly in 1778; one of the council of censors, 1783; delegate to the Pa. convention in 1787 to adopt the U.S. Consti tution. Lanman. . Hartranft, JOHN FREDERICK, brev.maj.- gen. vols., b. New Hanover, Montgom. Co., Pa., Dec. 16, 1830. Un. Coll. 1853. He practised law until 1861; com. the 5 1st Pa. regt. in Burn- side s exped. and capture of Newborn in Mar. 1862; was in all the engagements of the 9th corps, including Vicksburg; was made brig.- gen. 12 May, 1864; led the famous charge that carried Antietam Bridge ; and in com. of the 3d div. 9th corps, Mar. 25, 1865, gal lantly recaptured Fort Steadman in the lines before Richmond, for which he wasbrev. maj.- gen. ; state auditor 1866-72 ; gov. of Pa. 1873. Hartshorne, EDWARD, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1840), b. Phila. 1818. N.J. Coll. 1837. Son of Dr. Joseph H. Author of " Notes," &c., to Taylor s " Med. Jurisprudence," 8vo, 1854 ; to Jones s " Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery," 12mo, 1856. Contribs. to many medical jour nals. Hartshorne, HENRY, M.D., son of Dr. Joseph, and bro. of Edward, b. Phila. 1823. Author of " Water vs. Hydropathy," Phila. 1847; prize essay on "The Arterial Circulation," 1856; "Essentials of Practical Med." 1869. Contrib. to Jour. Med. Sci., and Phila. Med. Exam. Allibone. Hartshorne, JOSEPH, M.D., physician and surgeon, b. Alexandria, Va., Dec. 12, 1779; d. near Wilmington, Del., Aug. 20, 1850. M.D. U. of Pa. 1808. Richard, the pioneer of the family, settled on the Highlands of Neversink in 1 669, and became one of the largest landholders in E. Jersey. Joseph became, at the age of 5, a cripple for life. He began his medical studies with Dr. Craik, the physician of Washington ; became res. apprentice and apothecary to the Pa. Hospital, Phila., July 27, 1801 ; went as surgeon and supercargo of an East-Indiaman in 1806 ; and on his return to Phila. established himself in practice, soon attaining eminence in his pro fession. Surgeon of the Pa. Hospital in 1815-21 ; member of the Phila. Medical, and the Amer. Philos. Societies, and of the Coll. of Physicians. He prepared and pub. in 1806 Boyer on the Bones, with Appendix and Notes. Drs. Edward and Henry Hartshorne are sons. Gross s Med Biog. HartStene, HENRY J., naval officer, b, S.C.; d. Paris, March 31, 1868. Midshipm. April 1, 1828 ; lieut. Feb. 23, 1840. He was in 1851 attached to the coast survey, and afterward com. the mail steamer " Illinois." In 1855 he was made com., and sent to the arctic regions in search of Dr. Kane and his party, whom he rescued, and brought to N.Y. In 1856 he was ordered to convey to Eng. the British exploring bark " Resolute," which, after having been aban doned in the arctic ice, had been rescued by a New-London whaler, and purchased of her sal vors by Congress as a present to the British Govt. He was afterwards employed in taking sound ings for the Atlantic Telegraph cable. At the outbreak of the civil war he resigned ; entered the Confed. navy; and in the summer of 1862 became insane. HartsuflF, GEORGE L., brev. maj.-gen. U.S. A., b. Tyne, N. Y., May 28, 1 830. West Point, 1852. App. to the 4th Art. ; served in Texas and in Florida, where he was wounded ; was assist, instr. in art. and inf. tactics at West Point in 1856 ; assist, adj. -gen. (rank of capt.) Mar. 22, 1861 ; andmaj. July 17, 1862 ; served at Fort Pickens, Fla., from Apr. to July 16, 1861, and then in Western Va. under Gen. Rosecrans ; became brig.-gen. vols. April 15, 1862, and soon after took Abercrombie s brigade. which he com. at the battles of Cedar Mountain, Manassas, and at Antietam, where he was se verely wounded; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; Apr. 27, 1863, ordered to Ky., where he was assigned to com. the 23d corps ; lieut.-col. and assist, adj . -gen. 1 June, 1864; in com. of works at Bermuda in siege of Petersburg, Mar. -Apr. 1865 ; brev. brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; d. N.Y. City, May 10, 1874. Hartwell, ALONZO, port-painter, b. Lit tleton, Ms., 19 Feb. 1805. At 17 he went to Boston, and was from 18 until 21 an apprentice to a wood-engraver, which business he carried on for himself from that time until 1851, receiv ing in 1850 the silver medal of the Ms. Char. Mechanics Assoc. for best specimen of the art. He had meantime painted portraits in oil ; and since 1851 has been successful as a port. -painter in Boston; d. Waltham, Ms., Jan. 17, 1873. Harvard, JOHN, founder of Harv. Coll., b. Eng., probably in Middlesex, about 1608; d. Charlestown, Ms., Sept. 14, 1638. He was en tered as a pensioner at Eman. Coll. 1628; was grad. B.A. in 1631-2 and M.A. in 1635, and, having emig. to Ms., was made a freeman Nov. 2, 1637. In 1638 a portion of land was set off for him in Charlestown, where he exercised the ministerial function he had formerly done in Eng. In April, 1638, he was app. one of a com. " to consider of some things tending toward a body of laws." Half his estate, 779. 1 7s. 2d., as he left for the erection of the college which bears his name ; a part of which bequest is said to have been diverted from its original purpose. He also left to the coll. a library of over 300 vols., indicating in their selection "the taste and skill of a scholar. A monument to his memory was erected in the Charlestown burial-ground by the alumni of H.U., and inaug., with an address by Edward Everett, Sept. 26, 1828. HLA.Pl 415 HLA.S Harvey, SIR JOHN, gov. of Va. 1629-35 ; was in 1635 suspended as well as impeached by the Assembly, but was restored by the king the next year, and continued in office until 1639. He was sent as a commis. to that Colony in 1 623, and became a member of the prov. govt. in 1625. He was one of the most rapacious, tyrannical, and unpopular of the royal govs. Harvey, GEN. SIR JOHN, a Brit, officer, b. 1778 ; d. Halifax, N.S., Mar. 22, 1852. Enter ing the army in 1794, he served in Holland, France, Cape of Good Hope, Egypt, and India ; was made dep. adj.-gen. in Canada, June, 1812; led the attack at Stony Creek on the night of June 5, 1813, capturing Gens. Chandler and Winder ; received a medal for gallantry at Chrystler s Farm ; also served at Lundy s Lane ; was severely wounded at the battle of Fort Erie ; was aide-de-camp to Wellington at Waterloo ; licut.-gen. Nov. 9, 1846; gov. N. Brunswick some years previous to 1841, when he was made gov. of Newfoundland; and in June, 1846, be came gov. of Nova Scotia. Harvey, Louis P., gov. of Wis. 1862, b. E. Haddam, Ct., 22 July, 1820; drowned at Savannah, Tenn., 19 Apr. 1862. West. Res. Coll. 1840. In 1828 he removed to Ohio; in 1840 to Kenosha, Wis., where he was a teacher, and afterward editor of a Whig newspaper. In 1850 he removed to Shopiere, Rock Co. ; engaged in manuf. ; was a member of the State senate 1855-7; sec. of state 1857-61. Harvey, MATTHEW, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1855), statesman and jurist, b. Sutton, N.H., June 21, 1781 ; d. Concord, April 7, 1866. Dartm. Coll. 1806. He studied law; com menced practice in 1809; was a representative from Hopkinton 8 years, and speaker of the house in 1818-20 ; pres. of the State senate in 1825-8; councillor 1828-30; M.C. in 1821-5; gov. in 1830-1 ; U.S. dist. judge from 1831 till his death ; pres. N.H. Hist. Society. Harwood, ANDREW ALLEN, rear-admiral U.S.N., b. Pa. His mother, Elizabeth F. Bache, was a grand-daughter of Franklin. His father was J. E. Harwood, comedian. Mid- shipm. Jan. 21, 1818; lieut. Mar. 3, 1827; com. Oct. 2, 1848; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; commo. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. (retired list) Feb. 16, 1869; chief of bureau of ordnance, 1861 ; commandant Washington Navy Yard 1862-3; sec. light-house board 1865-9. In 1819-23 he was engaged in the suppression of the slave-trade in Africa, and of piracy in the W. Indies. Member of a commis. to visit dockyards and foundries in Eng. and France, and report on ordnance improvements in 1844. Harwood, JOHN EDMUND, comedian and poet, b. Eng. 1771; d. Germantown, Pa., Sep. 21, 1809. He was endowed by nature with brilliant talents, and had received an excellent education. He came to Amer. with Wignell s Comp. in 1793; and at Phila. and N.Y. per formed with great success many leading parts. Dunlap says, " He was more like John Bannis ter than any other actor of the English stage." He m. Miss Bache, a grand -daughter of Benj. Franklin ; retired from the stage, and kept a bookstore and circulating-library, but read his books, and neglected his business. Harwood was a poet, and pub. in 1809 a vol. of verses in N.Y. He was a man of wit, and a social favorite. He afterward returned to the stage, where his increased corpulence spoiled his ap pearance and action for high or genteel comedy. Father of Admiral A. A. Harwood. See Dun* lap, Amer. Stage. Hascall, GEN. MILO S., b. N.Y. ab. 1833. West Point, 1852. He entered the 3d Art., but resigned Sept. 30, 1853, and settled in Ind., where he was clerk of the courts of Elkhart Co. June 12, 1861, he became col. 17th Ind. vols. ; brig.-gen. April 25, 1862, and served in the West. He evinced skill and bravery at the battle of Stone River, where he com. a division, and was wounded ; partici pated in the battle of Chickamau^a and Mis sion, Ridge, and was active as a division com. in defence of Knoxville and during the Atlanta campaign ; com. 2d div. 23d corps ; resigned 27 Oct. 1864. Since 1865, banker at Goshen, Ind. Outturn. Haskell, DANIEL, pres. of the U. of Vt. 1821-4, b. Preston, Ct,, 1784; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Aug. 9, 1848. Y.C. 1802. He taught at Norwich, and was successively pastor at Middletown, Litchfield, St. Alban s, and Bur lington, Vt. He edited McCulloch s Geo graphical Dictionary, and pub. " A Gazetteer of the U.S.," with J. C. Smith, 1843; " Chro nology of the World," 1845. Haskell, WILLIAM T., lawyer, b. Tenn. ; d. Hopkinsville, Tenn., March 20, 1859. M.C. 1847-9. He was liberally educated ; practised law ; and in the Mexican war was col. 2d Tenn. vols. ; disting. himself at Medellin and at Cerro Gordo. Lanman. Haslett, COL. JOHN, of Sussex Co., Del., b. Ireland; killed at the battle of Princeton, Jan. 3, 1777. Educated for the ministry, but studied and practised medicine successfully in Kent Co., and was often in the Assembly ; in the actions at L.I. (Aug. 27) and at White Plains (Oct. 28, 1776), where he surprised a picket of Rogers s rangers, taking 36 prisoners, a pair of colors, and 60 muskets. His son JOSEPH gov. of Del. 1811-14 and 1823; d. July, 1823. Hassler, FERDINAND RUDOLPH, director of the U.S. coast survey, b. Aernen, Switzer land, 6 Oct. 1770; d. Phila. Nov. 20, 1843. He was introduced by his countryman Albert Gallatin ; was prof. math, at West Point from Feb. 14, 1807, to Feb. 14, 1810 ; was scientific ambassador to London and Paris, with the outfit and salary of a foreign minister ; com menced the coast survey, July, 1816; left it Apr. 1818; and resumed it Aug. 1832. He made valuable contributions to the Am. Philos. Trans, relating to the coast survey. Author of " System of the Universe," 2 vols. 8vo ; several elementary works on mathematics ; and " Report to the U.S. Senate on Weights and Measures," 1832. Army Diet. Hastings, THOMAS, music doc., b. Wash ington, Ct., 1784. At 12 he with his father removed to Clinton, N.Y. He early gave much attention to church psalmody. From 1824 to 1832 he conducted a religious journal in Utica, and has since resided in N.Y., where he was invited by a number of churches to improve their 1832 ir psalmody. He pub. " Spiritual Songs," 2; "Christian Psalmist," 1836; "The HAT 416 Mother s Hymn-Book," 1849; "Devotional Hymns and Religious Poems," 1850 ; " Disser tations on Musical Taste," 8vo, 1853 ; " His tory of 40 Choirs," 8vo, 1854; "Manhattan and N.Y. Academy Colls." and " Elements of Vocal Music." His poetical and musical pub lications number about 20; d. May 15, 1872. Hatch, EDWARD, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Me. Lieut.-col. 2d Iowa Cav. Dec. 1861 ; com. regt. at New Madrid, Island No. 10, battle of Corinth, Grant s Tenn.-river campaign ; and com. cav. brigade at the battle of luka ; col. Sept. 1862; com. brigade at Thompson s Sta tion, Hatchie, and Grant s Mpi. campaign ; com. cav. division Army of the Tenn. at Salis bury, Colliersville, La Grange, Palo Alto, Birmingham, Jackson, Ingraham s Mills, &c. ; brig.-gen. vols. Apr. 1864 ; com. cav. division at Florence, Lawrenceburg, Campbellville, Spring Hill, Franklin, Nashville, and pursuit of Gen. Hood; col. 9th U.S. Cav. July 28, 1866; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. for battle of Franklin; and brev. maj.-gen. for battle of Nashville, Tenn. Henry. Hatch, JOHN P., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1845. Entering the 3d Inf., he was transferred to the mounted rifles ; was twice brev. for gallantry at Contreras, Churubusoo, and Chapultepec ; became 1st lieut. 1851; capt. 13 Oct. 1860; brig.-gen. vols. Sept. -28, 1861; and assigned a cav. brigade under Gen. King, with which he disting. him self by several daring reconnoissances ab. Gor- donsville, the Rapidan, and the Rappahannock ; com. cav. of the 5th corps in Shenandoah Val ley Mar.-July, 1862, and engaged at Winches ter 26 June. In July, 1862, he was transferred to the inf. brigade (formerly Augur s) ; and in Aug. took the division of Gen. King, who was disabled by sickness. At the second battle of Bull Run he was wounded ; also at South Mountain, where his com. formed the right of Hooker s corps; maj. 4th Cav. 27 Oct. 1863. He com. the forces operating on John s Island, S.C., July 1-10, 1864; com. coast division, dept. of the South, 29 Nov. 1 864 to 26 Feb. 1865 ; com. at attack at Honey Hill, S.C., 30 Nov., and Tullafuiny River 9 Dec., 1864 ; after wards co-operated with Sherman while moving up the coast, and in several skirmishes. Brev. maj. for Manassas, lieut. -col. for So. Mountain, col. and brig.-gen. U.S.A. for services during the Rebellion. Cullam. Hathorne, JOHN, one of the chief judges of Ms. 1702-15. Son of William, bapt. 27 Aug. 1641, Salem ; d. Boston, May 10, 1717. Hep. 1 683 ; assist, or counc. 1 684-1 7 1 2, except- ing during Andros s govt. ; active in the witch craft persec. ; served in the Indian and Eastern war as col. and com. of the forces in exped. of 1696. Hathorne, MAJOR WILLIAM, an eminent citizen of Ms. ; d. Salem, 1681, a. 73. He removed from Dorchester to Salem in 163.6. In 1645, with Gov. Dudley and Gen. Denison, be was an agent to treat with D Aulnay, the French agent at St. Croix. He was dep. from Salem to the Gen. Court several years ; the first speaker (1644), and held that station 6 years; served in Philip s war, and the following war with the eastern Indians. He was also one of the board of assistants (1662-79), and com, a regt. of militia. A zealous friend of liberty and the charter rights of his time, he was one of the five principal citizens whom Charles II. in 1666 ordered to be sent to Eng. to answer for refusing to submit to the authority of the commissioners. Hatton, ROBERT, gen. C.S.A., b. Sumner Co., Tenn., 1827 ; killed at the battle of Fair Oaks, Va., 31 May, 1862. Adm. to the bar in 1849 ; member Tenn. legisl. 1856 ; M.C. 1859- 61. Hauck, MINNIE, vocalist, b. N. Y. City, where, at the age of 18, she first app. in public as soprano at Christ Church. At 20 she sang at the Acad. of Music in the opera of " Cris- pino," and achieved distinction ; Oct. 26, 1868, she made her debut at the Opera House, Lond., as Amina in " La Sonnambula." Brown s Amer, Stage. Haupt (howpt), HERMANN, engineer, b. Phila. 1817. West Point, 1835. Entered 3d Inf., but resigned Sept. 30, 1835; was assist, engineer on the public works of Pa. until 1839 ; prof, of math, in Pa. Coll. till 1847, when he became principal eng. of the Phila. and Colum bia Railroad, of which he was made supt. in 1849. He was from 1856 to June, 1861, the principal engineer of the railway tunnel through the Hoosac Mountain, Berkshire Co., Ms. ; app. brig.-gen. 5 Sept. 1862, and charged with the gen. supervision of the transportation ser vice ; col. and aide-de-camp, 27 Apr. 1862; inventor of a drilling engine, which took the highest prize of the Roy. Polytechnic Soc. of Great Britain. Author of " Hints on Bridge- Building," 1840 ; " General Theory of Bridge- Construction," 8vo, 1853 ; " Plan for Improve ment of the Ohio River," 8vo, 1855 ; "Mili tary Bridges," 1864. Haven, ALICE BRADLEY, authoress, b. Hudson, N.Y., Sep. 13, 1828 ; d. Aug. 23. 1863. Her maiden name was Emily Bradley. While a school-girl, she sent, under the pseudonyme of Alice G. Lee, many attractive sketches to the Saturday Gazette, pub. by Joseph C. Neal in Phila. In 1846 she m. him, and at his request assumed and retained the name of Alice. On her husband s death in 1847, she conducted the Gazette for several years ; contrib. poems, sketches, and tales to" the leading magazines. She pub. in 1850 a vol. entitled " Gossips of Rivertown, with Sketches in Prose andVerse." Well known by her series of juvenile stories, which attained great popularity. In 1853 she was m. to Mr. Samuel L. Haven. Portions of her private diary have been pub. since her death in a biography, entitled " Cousin Alice, a Memoir of Alice B. Haven." Haven, ERASTUS OTIS, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1854), LL.D. (0. Wes. U. 1863), clergyman, b. Boston, Nov. 1, 1820. Middletown U., Ct., 1842. He soon after entered the ministry of the M.E. Church; was app. in 1843 teacher of natural science in the Amenia Seminary, N.Y. ; and in 1846 was elected principal of that institution. He was in 1853 elected prof, of Latin and Greek in the U. of Mich. ; prof, of Eng. literature in 1854-6; and was in 1863-9 its pres. ; member of the Ms. Board of Edu cation 1858-63; member Ms. Senate 1862-3: 417 pres. of the North-western U., Chicago, since i860. In 1856 he became editor of Zion s Her ald, the oldest Methodist paper in the world. Author of " The Young Man Advised," 1855; " Pillars of Truth," 1866; " Rhetoric," 1869 ; besides reviews, sermons, &c. Haven, NATHANIEL APPLETON, lawyer and writer, b. Portsmouth, N.H., Jan. 14, 1790; d. there June 3, 1826. H.U. 1807. Grandson of Dr. Samuel H., minister of Portsmouth (1752-1806). He studied law ; settled in Ports mouth. In 1814 he deliverd a Fourth-of-July oration at Portsmouth ; visited Europe in 1815; delivered a Phi Beta Kappa oration at Dartm. Coll. in 1816 ; and edited the Portsmouth Jour nal from 1821 to 1825. He wrote also for the N. A. Rei-iew. May 21, 1823, he was the ora tor at Portsmouth at the Second Cent. Cele bration of the Landing of the First Settlers. A selection of his writings, and a Memoir, by George Ticknor, was pub. in 1827. Haven, SAMUEL FOSTER, archaologist, b. Dedham, Ms., 28 May, 1806. Amh. Coll. 1826. Lawyer, and many years librarian Amer. Antiq. Soc., Worcester, Ms. Son of Judge Saml., de scended from Richard of Lynn, 1645. He has pub. " Hist. Address at Dedham," 21 Sept. 1836 ; " Remarks on the Popham Celeb.," 1865 ; " Archaeology of the U.S." (pub. by the Smiths. Inst.), 4to/1855. Haviland, JOHN, architect and engineer, b. Eng. Dec. 15, 1792; d. Phila. March 28, 1 852. After studying his profession with Elmes the architect, he went to Russia in 1815 to enter the Imperial Corps of Engineers ; but in 1816 emigrated to America. He was the first to in troduce the radiating form in the construction of prisons, as in the penitentiaries at Pittsburg and at Cherry Hill, which he built. Among the other edifices built after the plans of Mr. Haviland may be named the Hall of Justice at New York; the U.S. Naval Asylum at Nor folk ; the N. J., Missouri, and Rhode Island State Penitentiaries ; the Deaf and Dumb Asy lum, Phila. ; the State Insane Asylum, Harris- burg; and the U.S. Mint, Phila. Author of " Builder s Assist.," 3 vols. 8vo, Bait. Haviland, WILLIAM, a Brit, gen., b. Ire land, 1718; d. 16 Sept. 1784. He served at Car- thagena and Portobello ; was aide to Gen. Blakeney in the rebellion of 1745; lieut.-col. 27th regt. under Loudon in Amer. 1757 ; served under Abercrombie at Ticonderoga in 1758; under Amherst in 1759-60; and as brig. -gen. com. the exped. which reduced Isle Aux Noix, St. John s, and Chambly, entering Montreal with Amherst in Sept. His mechanical genius enabled him to concert measures for passing the rapids with success ; and he contrib. efficiently to the success of the English arms in Amer. Sen. brig. -gen. and second in com. at the reduction of Martinique in Feb. 1762; com. the 4th brig, at the siege of Havana ; lieut.-gen. 25 May, 1772 ; gen. 19 Feb. 1783. Hawes, JOEL, D.D., clergyman, b. Med- way, Ms., Dec. 22, 1789; d. Gilead, Ct., June 5, 1867. Brown U. 1813. Of humble parentage, his early life presented few opportunities for education. He studied theol. at Andover; was settled in the First Cong. Church in Hart ford, Ct., March 4, 1818, and soon became 27 known as an able preacher and writer ; and re tained the pastorate until his death. He has pub. "Lectures to Young Men," 1828, of which 100,000 have been circulated in the U.S. ; "Tribute to the Memory of the Pilgrims," 1830; "Memoir of Normand Smith," 1839; " Character Every Thing to the Young," 1843 ; " The Religion of the East," 1845 ; " Looking- Glass for the Ladies," 1845; "Washington and Jay," 1850; and in 1865 "An Offering to Home Missionaries ; " a vol. of discourses on " Home Missions ; " " Letters on Univer- salism," 18mo; " Century Address," Hartrf;rd, 9 Nov. 1835; beside numerous occasional ser mons in the National Preacher and elsewhere, and articles in the various quarterly reviews. Hawes, WILLIAM POST, author, b. N.Y. City, Feb. 4, 1803 ; d. 1842. Col. Coll., N.Y., 1821. He studied law, and practised success fully at the bar of his native city. A fertile and original essayist, he furnished a great va riety of articles for periodicals, especially to the N.Y. Mirror and the American Monthly Mag azine. He also mixed in political strife. The best of his writings were pub. in 1842, under the title of " Sporting Scenes," signed with the pseudonyme of " Cypress, Jun.," edited, with Memoir, by H. W. Herbert. Hawkins, BENJAMIN, statesman, son of Col. Philemon, b. Yates Co., N.C., Aug. 15, 1754; d. at the Creek Agency, June 6, 1816. He left N. J. Coll. at the outset of the Revol. war, and became a member of the family of Washington, where he acted as interpreter in the intercourse of the gen. with the French of- cers of his army. He was present at the battle of Monmouth, and upon several other occasions ; and in 1780 was commissioned agent of N.C. to procure arms and ammunition. He was a delegate to Congress from 1781 to 1784 from N.C. ; was app. a commissioner to treat with the Cherokeesand other southern Indians in 1785, and again from 1786 to 1787 ; was a U.S. sen ator from 1789 to 1795, after which Washing ton app. him supt. of Indian affairs south. Al though a man of wealth, he took up his residence among the Creeks, and devoted all his energies to their improvement. He established a large farm, built mills, houses, wagons, and made im plements of all sorts suited to the demands of the country. Some of his manuscripts are in the possession of the Ga. Hist. Soc. ; and those on " Topography " and " Indian Character " have been published. Hawkins, REV. ERNEST, preb. of St. Paul s (1845-65), and sec. to the Soc. for Prop agation of the Gospel ; b, ab. 1802. Bnliol Coll., Oxf., 1824. Author of " History of Missions to the N.A. Colonies," Lond. 1845 ; " Annals of the Colonial Church," 8vo, 1847; "Annals of the Diocese of Quebec," 8vo, 1849. A can on at Westminster Abbey since 1865. Men of the Time. Hawkins, SIR JOHN, an English naviga tor, b. Plymouth, 1520; died at sea Nov. 2 , 1595. He made several voyages in his youM. and acquired much maritime experience. In 1562-8 he made 3 voyages, with cargoes of ne groes, from Africa to the W. Indies, in the last of which he was severely handled by the Spaniards for engaging in contraband trade HAW 418 lie was in 1573 treas. of the navy, which he held till his death; and in 1588 vice-adm. of the squad, sent against the Spanish Armada, and was knighted for his conduct on that occa sion. In 1595 he was sent with his kinsman, Drake, against the Spanish W. Indian settle ments ; but difference of opinion and consequent ill success occasioned him so much chagrin, that it is supposed to have hastened his death. Author of a " True Declaration of the Trouble some Voyage of Mr. John Hawkins to the Partes of Guynea and the W. Indies, 1567-8," Lond. 8vo, 1569. His son, Sir Richard Haw kins, was adm. of N. Eng. Hawkins, JOHN H. W., temperance re former, b. Baltimore, 1797; d. Parkersburg, Pa., Aug. 26, 1858. He became a confirmed drunkard, sinking to the lowest depths of intox ication, but, through the interposition of his little dau., was restored to himself, to his fami ly, and to usefulness. This was in June, 1840 ; and from that time he labored and lectured in every State in the Union, save California, with wonderful success. See Life, by Wrn. Geo. Hawkins, 12 mo, 1859. Hawkins, COL. PHILEMON, Revol. states man, b. N.C. Dec. 3, 1752; d. Pleasant Hill, Warren Co., N.C., Jan. 28, 1833. Member of a troop of cav. at the battle of Allamance, May 16, 1771. Before he was of age, he was a member of the Gen. Assembly for Bute Co. He represented the counties of Bute and Gran- ville 13 years, with but two years intermission. His last "term was at Fayetteville in 1789. He raised the first vol. co. in the county of Bute for the War of Independence. In 1776 he was elected col. of a regt. ; and in that com. per formed many services. He was the last sur viving signer of the State constitution of N.C. ; in 1776 was a member of the conven tion which ratified the U.S. Constitution; and frequently a member of the Exec. Council. X.E. Mag., iv. 264. Hawkins, WILLIAM, gov. of N.C. 1811- 14; d. Sparta, Ga., May 17, 1819. Nephew of Benjamin, U.S. senator. Hawks, CICERO STEPHENS, D.D. (U. of Mo. 1847), LL.D., Prot.-Epis. bishop of Mo., b. Newbern, N.C., May 26, 1812; d. St. Louis, Mo., Apr. 19, 1868. U. of N.C. 1830. His grandfather came over with Gov. Tryon, and was employed as an architect. He was brought tip by his brother, Rev. Francis L. Hawks, and studied law, but never practised. Ord. priest in 1834 ; and was rector of Trinity Church, Buffalo, in 1837-43 ; rector of Christ Church, St. Louis, 1843-4 ; and consec. bishop of Mo. Oct. 20, 1844. In 1849, when the cholera made such fearful ravages in St. Louis, he was untiring in his devotion to the suffering, re gardless of personal exposure ; and attended to the physical as well as spiritual wants of the victims. Contrib. to various journals, and edi tor of " The Boy s and Girl s Library," and " Library for My Young Countrymen."" Au thor of " Friday Christian, or the Firstborn of Pitcairn Island." Hawks, FRANCIS LISTER, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1832;, LL.D., clergyman and author, b. Newbern, N.C., June 10, 1798 ; d. N.Y. Sept. 27, 1866. U. of N.C. 1815. He studied law ; was adm. to the bar at the age of 21 ; and prac tised some years in N.C. At 23 he was elected to the legisl., but, resolving to devote himself ta the Epis. ministry, was ord. in 1827 ; was for ; short time assistant to Dr. Harry Croswell in N. Haven, Ct. ; in 1829 became assist, minister of St. James s Church, Phila. ; was rector of St. Stephen s in 1831; and from 1832 to 1843 was rector of St. Thomas s Church, N.Y. As his toriographer of the Amer. Epis. Church, Dr. Hawks, under the authority of the gen. conven tion, went to Eng., and obtained copies of im portant papers relating to its early history. In 1837, with Dr. Henry, he founded the N.Y. Review, of which he was for some time editor and a principal contrib. He also founded at Flushing, L.I., St. Thomas s Hall, a school for boys ; but it was closed in a few years, leaving Dr. Hawks deeply in debt From Nov. 1840 to Oct. 1842, he conducted the Church Record, a devoted to the cause of Christian ity and education, in which he printed much of the historical matter collected by him in Europe. He removed to Mpi. in 1*843, and was elected bishop of the diocese, which, hov,-- ever, he declined. At the close of 1844 he removed to N. Orleans, where he became rec tor of Christ Church. He remained there 5 years, and was meanwhile elected pres. of the U. of La. Returning to N.Y. in 1849, a sub scription of $15,000 relieved him from pecuni ary embarrassment. He became rector of the Church of the Mediator, afterward merged into Calvary Church, which he resigned in 1861, from sympathy with the South ; and, during the war, had charge of a parish in Baltimore. la 1865 he was recalled to N.Y. to become rector of the Chapel of the Holy Saviour. He was elected bishop of R.I. in 1854, but declined. Among his most important works are " Re ports of the Supreme Court of N.C.," 1820- 6, 4 vols. 1823-8; "Digest of all the Cases Decided and Reported in N.C. ; " " Contribu tions to the Ecclesiastical Hist, of the U.S.," 2 vols. (embracing Va.,Md., and N.Y. ); "Egypt and its Monuments," 1849; "Auricular Con fession in the Protestant-Episcopal Church," 1850 ; "History of N.C.," 2 vols. 1857-8. He translated Rovero and Tschudi s "Antiquities of Peru," 1854, and edited the "Official and other State Papers of Alex. Hamilton," 1842 ; " Romance of Biography," in a series of 12mo vols. ; " Appleton s Cyclopaedia of Biogra phy," 1856 ; with Rev. Wm. S. Perry, "Jour nals of the Gen. Convs. of the Pr,-Ep. Church in the U.S. 1785-1853," 1861; and " Doc. Hist, of thePr.-Ep. Church in the U.S." 1863 ; and, under the pseudonyme of "Uncle Philip," several vols. of juvenile works for Harper s " Boys and Girls Library." He compiled from Perry s original notes and journal the " Narrative of Com. Perry s Expcd. to the Chi na Seas and Japan in 1852-4," 1856 ; and has contrib. to various periodicals. He was at the time of his death preparing a work on the An cient Monuments of Central and Western Amer. and a physical geography. He was eminent for learning, piety, and eloquence ; member of the N.Y. Hist. Soc. ; vice-pres. of the Amer. Ethnol. Soc. 1855-9 ; vice-pres., and from 1855 to 1861 pres., Amer. Geog. and Statist. Soc. H.A.W 419 See, the Hawks Memorial, by E. A. Duyckinck, 1871. Hawley, GIDEON, missionary to the In dians, b. Bridgeport, Ct., Nov. 5, 1727; d. Marshpee, Oct. 3, 1807. Y.C. 1749. Ord. July 31, 1754. He began his mission at Stockbridge in Feb. 1752, and opened a school for Indian children. His next field of useful ness was Oughquauga on the Susquehanna, whither he went in June, 1753, remaining un til the French war began in May, 1756 ; when he went to Boston, and was chaplain in Grid- ley s regt. in the exped. against Crown Point. From Apr. 10, 1758, to his d., he labored in the Marshpee Mission. He was well qualified for his work ; the dignity of his manner, and a voice of authority, giving him great influence with the Indians. He pub. in Hist. Colls, of Ms. Biog. and Topog. Anecdotes respecting Sandwich and Marshpee, and an interesting letter narrating his journey to Oughquauga. Hawley, GIDEON, scholar, b. Huntington, Ct., 1785; d. Albany, 20 Aug. 1870. Un. Coll. 1809. Removed to Saratoga Co., N.Y., 1794. Adm. to the Albany bar in 1813 ; sec. of the regents of the U. 1814-41 ; and a regent of the Smithsonian Inst. 1 846-70. Thoroughly versed in literature and science. He printed for private distribution among his friends "Es says in Truth and Knowledge." Hawley, MAJOR JOSEPH, an eminent statesman, b. Northampton, Ms., Oct.8, 1723; d. March 10, 1788. Y.C. 1742. He began public life as a preacher, but devoted himself to the law, and practised in Hampshire Co. many years with great reputation. Disting. for his legal attainments and political knowledge, as well as for integrity. He was regarded as one of the ablest advocates of American liberty. Repeatedly elected to the council, he steadily refused the office, preferring a seat in the H. of representatives, where, from 1764 to 1776, his patriotism and his bold and manly eloquence gave him a commanding position. He was a member of all the important committees of the time ; was often chairman, sometimes prepar ing the resolves offered ; and in 1770 was one of the com. of corresp. He was chairman of the com. of the Prov. Congress in Oct. 1774 to consider the state of the country, &c. ; and was also a member of that body in 1775. He continued in the Gen. Court till infirm health necessitated his retirement. From a violent opposer of the ecclesiastical measures of Jona than Edwards, whose removal from Northamp ton he had been active in effecting, he became his warm advocate; and in 1760 wrote a remarkable letter deploring his part in the affair. Hawley, JOSEPH ROSWELL, journalist and politician, b. Richmond Co., N.C., 31 Oct. 1826. Ham. Coll. 1847. At the age of 11 he went to Ct. ; established himself at Hartford in the practice of law in 1850; and in 1857 connected himself with the Evening Press, a Rcpub. organ. Entering the 1st Ct. regt. in Apr. 1861, he was a capt. at Bull Run ; lieut.- col. 7th Ct. regt. Sept. 1861, comg. after the promo, of Col. Terry; at siege of Pulaski, Pocc taligo ; siege of Forts Wagner and Sum- rcr ; com. a brigade at Olustee, Fla., in Feb. 1864, and Army of the James in Va. ; at siege of Petersburg, Drury s Bluff, Deep Bot tom, Deep Run, and Darbytown Road ; brig.- gen. 17 Sept. 1864; com. 2d brig. Terry s div. 10th corps; afterward Terry s chief of staff in Va. ; brev. maj.-gen. Sept. 1865; gov. of Ct. 1866-7; pres. Chicago Nat. Repub. Conv. June, 1868. Now (1871) edits Hartford Courant. Hawthorne, NATHANIEL, author, b. July 4, 1804, at Salem, where his English ancestors settled early in the 17th century ; d. Plymouth, N. H., May 19, 1864. Bowd. Coll. 1825. Feeble in health, he lived on a farm from his 10th year. After quitting coll., he resided many years in Salem. In 1832 he pub. in Boston an anonymous romance. In 1837 he coll. a number of his tales and sketches, and pub. them under- the title of " Twice-told Tales," of which a second series appeared in 1842. From 1838 until 1841 he was a weigher and gauger in the Boston Custom House. He afterward lived with the association at Brook Farm in West Roxbury, Ms., a community of literati and philosophers, who supported the freedom of a rural life by the independent labor of their hands, of which he was one of the founders. Before the expiration of a year, he returned to Boston, where he resided till 1843, when he m., and took up his abode in the old manse at Concord, which adjoins the first battle-field of the Revol. In the Introd. to the "Mosses from an Old Manse," 1846, he has given an account of his life there. From 1846 to 1850 he was surveyor of the port of Salem. Of this decayed old custom-house and its ven erable inmates he gave a graphic and satirical sketch in the Introd. to " The Scarlet Letter," 1850, a powerful romance of early New-Eng land life, which greatly enhanced" his reputa tion. He then settled in Lenox, and wrote "The House of the Seven Gables," 1851. This was followed in 1852 by " The Blitheilale Romance," in which, as he says, he has ven tured to make free with his old and affection- tionately-remembered home at Brook Farm, as being certainly the most romantic episode of his own life. In 1852 he removed from Lenox to Concord. Having, during the presidential canvass of 1852, pub. a Life of his coll. friend Franklin Pierce, the latter in 1853 app. him to one of the most lucrative posts in his gift, the U.S. consulate at Liverpool. This he re signed in 1857, and travelled in Europe two years. His other writings are, " True Stories from History and Biography," 1851; "The Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys," 1851 ; " The Snow Image and other Twice-told Tales," 1852 ; and " Tanglewood Tales," 1853. In 1845 he edited " The Journal of an African Cruiser," from the MSS. of Lieut. Horatio Bridge. In 1 860 he pub. " The Marble Faun." His last work, " Our Old*Home," 1863, was a collection of sketches of English scenery and life, first pub. in the Atlantic Monthly, Since his death, " Passages from his Amer. and Eng lish Note-Books" have been pub. in 4 vols., and a complete edition of his works in 18 vols., by Ticknor & Fields, Boston. Hay, GEORGE, jurist, d. Richmond, Sept. 1830. Disting. in the Va. legisl- ; manyyeara 420 HAY U.S. atty., in which capacity he was the prose cutor of Aaron Burr, and afterward judge of the U.S. Court for the Eastern Dist. of Va. His wife was the dau. of Pres. Monroe. His polit ical writings, signed " Hortensius," gave him some celebrity. He wrote a treatise against the Usury Laws, " Life of John Thompson," and a treatise on Emigration, 1814. Hay, JOHN, poet and journalist, b. Salem, Ind., 8 Oct. 1839. B. U. 1858. Son of Dr. Charles, who comes of a family of Ky. pioneers, and of Helen Leonard of Bristol, R.I. Studied law in Springfield, 111., with Logan & Hay ; im mediately on being adm. to the bar, accomp. Pres. Lincoln to Washington (1861), remain ing with him almost constantly until his d., first as assist, sec., and afterwards as adj. and aide-de camp ; served some months under Gens. Hunter and Gillraore, attaining the rank of col. and assist, adj. -gen. ; sec. of legation at Paris 1865- 7; charye d affaires at Vienna 1867-8; sec. of legation at Madrid 1869-70; and since Nov. 1870 has been assoc. editorially with the .V. Y. Tribune. His parents have resided in Warsaw, 111., since 1841. Three bros. and two bros.-in- law were officers in the war for the Union. He has pub. (J. R. Osgood & Co.) "Pike County Ballads," and "Castilian Days," studies of Spanish life and character. Hayes, AUGUSTUS ALLEN, M.D., chemist, b. Windsor, Vt., Feb. 28, 1806. Milit. Acad., Norwich, Vt., 1823. He studied chemistry un der Dr. J. F. Dana. In 1825 he discovered the organic alkaloid sanguinaria, remarkable for the brilliant colors of its salts. In 1827, while assist, prof, of chemistry in the N.H. Med. Coll., he investigated the compounds of chromium ; and his paper on this subject, repub. in Europe in 1828, attracted much attention. Since 1828 Dr. Hayes has resided in Boston and vicinity, sustaining successively the posts of director of an extensive manuf. of colors and chemical prod ucts at Roxbury, Ms. ; of consulting chemist or director of some of the most important dyeing, bleaching, gas, iron and copper smelting estab lishments in N. England ; and State assayer of Ms. In 1837 his investigations upon the econom ical generation of steam, and the relative value of fuels, led in 1838 to a new arrangement of steam boilers, now in general use. He has also made important improvements in refining iron and copper. Among his important researches are those in relation to the chemical decomposition of alcohol, upon the action of alcohol upon the human system, and a memoir on the chemical action of sea-waters, undertaken under a com mission from the navy dept. to examine and re port on the subject of copper and copper sheath ing as applied in the construction of national vessels. He has contrib. to the Proceed ings of several scientific bodies, the Journal of Science, and the Annual of Scientific Dis covery. Hayes, ISAAC I., explorer, b. Chester Co., Pa., 1832. M.D. (U. of Pa ) 1853. In this year he accomp. Dr. Kane s exped., which, after great suffering, returned in the fall of 1855. His "Arctic Boat Journey" (Boston, 1860) narrates this exped. In 1860 he led a second exped. to the arctic regions, and re turned in the autu-un of 1861. His story, " Cast away in the Cold," first appeared in Our Young Folks. Thomas. Hayes, RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD, b. Dela ware, O., Oct. 4, 1 822. Ken. Coll. 1 842 ; Camb. Law School, 1845. He practised law at Cincin nati, where he was city solic. 1 858-61 ; was maj. and afterwards col. 23d Ohio regt., serving in W. Va. ; was wounded at South Mountain ; 25 Dec. 1862 to Sept. 1864 com. the 1st brig. Kenawha division ; led this div., and was made brig.-gen. Oct. 19, 1864, for Winchester, Fisher s Hill, and Cedar Creek ; and, 13 Mar. 1 865, brev. maj-gen.; M.C. 1865-8; gov. of Ohio since 1868. Hayne, ARTHUR P., soldier and statesman, b. Charleston, S.C., March 12, 1790; d. there 7 Jan. 1867. Grand-nephew of Col. Isaac, bro. of Robert Y. He received a good education, and entered a counting-house, but joined the army in the war of 1812; was 1st licut. at Sackett s Harbor; maj. of cavalry on the St. Lawrence ; insp.-gen. in the Creek Nation ; and was at the storming of Pensacola and the battle of N. Orleans. He was in com. of the Tenn. vols. in the Fla. war, but retired from the army in 1820. He was adm. to the bar in Pa; subsequently served in the S.C. legisl. ; and in 1858 was app. U.S. senator. Hayne, COL. ISAAC, Revol. patriot, b. S.C. 1745; d. Charleston, S.C., 4 Aug. 1781. He m. in 1765, and became a planter of large pos sessions in the dist. of Beaufort and Colleton, and a proprietor of extensive ironworks in York dist., afterward destroyed by the British. Capt. of art. in 1 780, and State senator. Made prison er at the capture of Charleston 12 May, 1780, he returned home, engaging not to bear arms Ordered early in 1781 to take arms as a Brit ish subject, or repair to Charleston as a prisoner, his wife and children being at the time danger ously sick with small-pox, he went to Charleston , where, in violation of his capitulation, he was required to take arms in support of the Royal Govt. , or be subjected to close confinement. On being assured that he would not be requiret to bear arms against his country, he signed a decl. of allegiance to the king. " He hastened home only to find his wife expiring, and one of his children dead. After the successes of Greene had left to the British nothing but Charleston, Hayne was summoned to repair immediately to the British standard. This being in viola tion of his agreement, and consequently releas ing him from all obligation of its observance on his part, he hastened to the Amer. camp ; was commissioned a col. of militia, and in July, 1 78 1 , captured Gen. Williamson, a Scotchman who had gone over to the British. Hayne was soon after captured, and confined in Charleston until the arrival of Lord Rawdon, the British com mander. Condemned by a court of inquiry to be hanged, the citizens and ladies of Charles ton united in petitioning for his pardon : but Rawdon and Balfour were inexorable; and a respite of 48 hours only was allowed him in which to see and take leave of his children. This unjust and merciless, execution greatly ex asperated the Americans. The conduct of Raw don and Balfour excited the greatest indig nation ; and Gen. Greene issued a proclamation, Aug. 26, announcing his determination to make reprisals. The subject was discussed in tin 421 British Parliament. See Lord Rawdons pam phlet in justification of his conduct, and a criticism upon it in the Southern Review for Feb. 1 828 ; also Lee s Memoirs, ii. 252-74; Ramsay, i. 453-60. Hayne, PAUL H., poet, nephew of Gov. R. Y. Hayne, b. Charleston, S.C., Jan 1, 1831. Son of Lieut. H. of the navy. He was educat ed in Charleston, and has been a frequent con tributor to the South. Lit. Messenger and other periodicals. He was editor of the Charleston Lit. Gazette, was connected with the Evening News, and, since the beginning of 1857, princi pal editor of Russell s Magazine. A vol. of his poems was issued in Boston in 1854, a 2d in N.Y. 1857, and a 3d, entitled " Avolio a^nd other Poems," in Dec. 1859. His longest poem is entitled "The Temptation of Venus, a Monkish Legend." Hayne, ROBERT YOUNG, statesman, b. near Charleston, Nov. 10, 1791 ; d. Asheville, N.C., Sept. 24, 1839. Grand-nephew of Col. Isaac Hayne. With but a limited education, at the age of 17 he entered the law-office of Langdon Cheves, and was adm. to the bar in 1812. Upon the election of Mr. Cheves to Congress, he succeeded to his large practice. He was in Oct. 1814 chosen a member of the legisl., where he disting. himself as an able debat er; became speaker in 1318, and, a few months later, atty.-gen. of S.C. ; U.S. senator in 1823- 32, disting. himself by his speeches on numer ous occasions, particularly in the tariff dis cussions, as the uncompromising opponent of the protective system ; and, as chairman of the com. on naval affairs, displayed administrative abilities of a high order. In a powerful speech on the tariff in 1824, he first took the ground that Congress had not the constitutional right to impose duties on imports for the purpose of protecting domestic manufactures. In a speech on Mr. Clay s resolution, he was the first to declare and defend in Congress the right of a State under the federal compact to arrest the operation of a law which she considered un constitutional. This doctrine led to the cele brated debate between Mr. Webster and him self, in which the eloquence and argumenta tive powers of both statesmen were displayed to their fullest extent. His course in the senate rendered him exceedingly popular at home ; and he was a member of the conven tion convoked by the legisl. (Nov. 24, 1832) for the purpose of reviewing the obnoxious tariff acts of Congress. The celebrated ordi- ance of nullification, the result of their labors, was reported to that body by Mr. Hayne as chairman of the com. to which the subject had been referred. In Dec. he was elected gov. of the State, and resigned his seat in the senate. Pres. Jackson issued a proclamation, denoun cing these proceedings of S.C. : but Gov. Hayne stood firm; and S.C. prepared for armed re sistance. The threatened danger was arrested by the passage in Congress of a compromise act. In 1834 he was elected mayor of Charles ton ; in 1837 pres. of the Charleston, Louis ville, and Cincinnati Railroad Co. Besides his able and eloquent speeches in the senate, he was the author of the papers in the old South ern Review on improvement of the navy, and the vindication of his relative, Col. Hayne. See Life and Speeches of R. Y. Hayne, 1845. Haynes, JOHN, statesman, b. Copfbrd Hall, Essex, Eng. ; d. Mar. 1, 1654. He ar rived, 3 Sept., 1633, -in Boston with Rev. Mr Hooker ; was in 1634 and 1636 an assist., and in 1635 gov. of Ms. In 1637 he was prominent among the founders of Ct. ; was chosen its first gov. in 1639, and every alternate year afterward till his death. He was one of the five who in 1638 drew up a written constitution for the Colony, the first ever formed in Amer., and which embodies the main points of all our subsequent State constitutions and of the Fed eral Constitution. Bancroft speaks of him as a man " of large estate, and larger affections ; of heavenly mind, and spotless life ; of rare saga city, and accurate but unassuming judgment ; by nature tolerant, and a friend to freedom ; an able legislator ; and dear to the people by his benevolent virtues and his disinterested con duct." Few, if any, did as much as he for the true interests of the Colony of Ct. Pie was one of the best educated of the early settlers of this country. His son JOSEPH was the minister of the First Church in Hartford from 1664 to his d., May 24, 1679, a. 38. H.U. 1658. Haynes, LEMUEL, a colored preacher, b. W. Hartford, Ct., July 18, 1753 ; d. Granville, N.Y.,-28Sept. 1833. His father was black, and his mother was white. He was well treated, and carefully instructed by his master in re ligion ; was a faithful servant; and superin tended most of his master s business. In 1774 he enlisted as a minute-man; in 1775 joined the army at Roxbury; in 1776 was a vol. in the exped. to Ticonderoga, after which he re turned to Granville, where he labored on a farm. Evening after evening he plied his studies by firelight, having laid in a store of pine-knots for that purpose. In 1780 he was licensed, and preached 5 years in Granville ; was ord. in 1785 ; preached 2 years in Torring- ford ; was then called to a parish in Rutland, where he continued 30 years ; and afterward labored in Manchester and in Granville, N.Y., from 1822 till his death. A Memoir of him has been published by Rev. Dr. Cooley. Hays, GEN. ALEXANDER, b. Franklin, Ve- nango Co., Pa., July 8, 1819 ; killed in battle of Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. West Point, 1844. Entering the 4th Inf., he was brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Palo Alto and Resacade la Palma; was acting assist, adj.-gen. to Gen. Lane, and disting. under him ; resigned Apr. 1 2, 1848, and became an iron manuf. at Venango, Pa. May 14, 1861, he was app. capt. 16th Inf. ; became col. 63d Pa. vols.,and brig.-gen., Sept. 29, 1862. He gallantly participated in the battles of Seven Pines and Fair Oaks ; brev. maj. May 31, 1862; disting. himself in the seven-days contests ; and June 30 was brev. lieut.-col. for gallantry at Glendale and Mal- vern Hill; severely wounded at Manasass Aug. 30 ; wounded and made prisoner at the battle of Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863 ; at the battle of Gettysburg, he com. the 3d divis ion of his corps ; and, when Hancock was wounded, was temporarily its com. He led his division at Auburn, Bristow s Station, and 422 Mine Run. His last com. was the 2d brigade, 3d division, of Hancock s (2d) corps ; brev. col. for Gettysburg ; brev. maj.-gen. vols. 5 May, 1864, for battle of Wilderness. Hays, ISAAC, M.D., b. Phila. 1796. U. of Pa. 1816. M.D. 1820. Editor of Wilsons " Amer. Ornithology," 8vo, 1828; Hoblyn s " Med. Diet." 1846 ; " Lawrence on the Eye," *vo, 1847; Arnott s "Physics," 8vo, 1848; the Amer. Jour, of Med. Science from its com mencement in 1827 to the present time ; Phila. Jour, of Med. and Phys., vol. 4 ; and contribs. to Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Allibone. Hays, JACOB, high constable of N.Y. for nearly 50 years, and one of the most efficient police-officers ever known ; b. New Rochelle, N.Y., in 1772; d. N.Y. June 21, 1850. He received an appt. in the city police in 1801, and was several years sergeant-at-arms of the board of aldermen, and crier of the Court of Sessions. It is said that he never forgot the countenance of anyone to whom his attention had been directed. Hays, WILLIAM JACOB, painter, grandson of Jacob Hays, b. N.Y., Aug. 8, 1830. He studied drawing with John Rubens Smith, and in 1850 exhibited his first picture, " Dogs in a Field," at the Nat. Acad. of Design. His " Head of a Bulldog," painted in 1852, attracted con siderable attention ; and in the same year he was elected an associate of the acad. Some of his pictures of dogs and game-birds have been engraved. His " Setters and Game," " Herd on the Move," " The Stampede," " Strawber ries," and " Flowers," and " Noah s Head," are among his best pieces. With the exception of a few fruit-pieces, he has painted almost ex clusively animals. His pieces are carefully elaborated. Hayward, GEORGE, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1812), physician and surgeon of Boston, b. Mar. 9, 1791; d. Oct. 7, 1863. H.U. 1809. Son of Dr. Lemuel ; prof, clinical surgery, H.U., 1835-49; pres. Ms. Med. Society; mem ber of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Author of " Outlines of Physiology," 1834 ; " Surgical Reports and Misc. Papers," 12mo, 1855. Hayward, JOHN, b. Jan. 1781 ; d. Boston, Oct. 13, 1869. Has pub. " View of the U S.," 8vo, 1833; "Religious Creeds," 12mo, 1837; " N. Eng. Gazetteer," 8vo, 1839; "Book of Religions," 12mo, 1842; " U. S. Gazetteer," 8vo, 1843; "Gazetteers of Ms., N. H., and Vt.," 1849. Hayward, LEMUEL, M.D., physician, b. Braintree, Ms., Mar. 22, 1749; d. Mar. 20, 1821. H.U. 1768. In 1769 he came to Boston, and studied under Dr. Joseph Warren. Estab lishing himself at Jamaica Plain, he soon ac quired a lucrative practice. In June, 1775, he was app. a surgeon in the army. He removed to Boston in 1783, and, until his withdrawal to the country in 1798, had a very considerable practice. Thacher. Hayward, NATHANIEL, inventor and manuf., b. Easton, Ct., 1808; d. Colchester, Ct., July 18, 1865. In 1837 he discovered the process of combining rubber-gum with sulphur, the beginning of the successful manuf. of rubber- cloth. He sold this discovery to Charles Good year in 1838, who patented it. In 1843 he in vented the process of vulcanizing rubber, and in that year made the first shoes made from sheet-rubber at Woburn. He soon after dis covered a method for giving them a high polish ; and in 1847 established the Hayward Rubber Co. at Colchester. He was active in works of benevolence and utility. Heyward, THOMAS, Jun., a signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. St. Luke s Parish, S.C., 1746; d. March, 1809. Son of Col. Daniel, a wealthy planter. Studied law at the Temple in London; spent some years in a tour of Europe; and on his return m. a Miss Mat thews, and commenced practice. He was an early opponent of British oppression, a leader of the Revol. movements in South Carolina, and a member of the first Gen. Assembly organized after the abdication of the colonial gov., as well as of the first com. of safety there; was a delegate to Congress from 1775 to 1778, when he was appointed judge of the Criminal and Civil Court of S.C. He also held a military com ; was in active service, and in a skirmish at Beaufort in 1780 received a gun shot wound, the mark of which he bore for life. He was captured at Charleston, May 12, 1780; was one year a prisoner at St. Augus tine. He resumed his judicial duties in 1781 ; was elected to the convention which framed the constitution of the State in 1790; and in 1799 retired from public life. Hay wood, JOHN, jurist, of Halifax Co., N.C. State atty.-gen. 1791-4; judge of the Superior Court, 1794-1800; earliest reporter of the decisions of the N. C. Court. He re moved to Tenn. ab. 1810. Author of " A Manual of the Laws of N.C.," 8vo, Raleigh, 1801 ; " Haywood s Justice ; " "N. Carol. Re ports," 1789-1806; "Public Acts of N.C. and Tenn.," Nashville, 4to, 1810; "Tenn. Reports, 1816-18," 3 vols. 8vo, 1818 ; " Statute Laws of Tenn." (with R, L. Cobbs), 8vo, 1831 ; "Nat ural Hist, of Tenn.," 8vo, 1823; and "Civil Hist, of Tenn.," 8vo, 1823. Wheeler. Hazard, EBENEZER, U.S. postmaster-gen. 1782-9, b. Phila. 1745 ; d. there June 13, 1817. N. J. Coll. 1762. He pub. " Historical Collec tions," 2 vols. 4to, 1792-4; and " Remarks on a Report Concerning Western Indians." Hazard, ROWLAND GIBSON, b. So. Kings ton, R.I., 1801. A.M. of B.U. 1845. An extensive manuf. at Peacedale, R.I. Author of " Language, its Connection with the Con stitution and Prospects of Man," Prov. 1836 ; "Two Letters on Causation," &c., 1869. He has also pub. several pamphlets (1841-8) upon Public Schools, Railroads, &c. Hazard, SAMUEL,, archasologist, b. Phila. May 26, 1784; d. there 22 May, 1870. Son of Ebenezer. His early life was spent in mer cantile and commercial pursuits ; and he had made several voyages to the Indies before he began his literary career. Author of " Register of Pennsylv.," 1828-36, 16 vols. 8vo ; " U. S. Commercial and Statistical Register," 1839-42, 6 vols. 8vo; " Annals of Pa., 1609-82," 8vo 1850; "Pennsylv. Archives," 1682-1790, 12 vols. and index, 1853. Hazard, SAMUEL F. capt. U.S.N., b. New port, R.I., 1811; d. there 16 Jan. 1867. Son of Nathl. (M C. 1819-21 ; d. Washington 17 Dec 423 1829). Midshipm. 1 Jan. 1823; lieut. 9 Feb. 1837 ; com. 14 Sept. 1855 ; capt. 16 July, 1862. Assisted at the capture of Tabasco in the Mex. war; com. W. Gulf block, squad 1862; steam- fcloop "Oneida," 1863. Hazard, THOMAS R., of Vaucluse, R.I., b. South Kingston, 1784; bro. of R. G. H. Author of " Facts for the Laboring Man," 1840; essay on " Capital Punishment," 1850 ; " Re port on the Poor and Insane of the State," 1 850 ; " Handbook of the American Party," 1856; " Appeal to the People of R.I.," 8vo, 1857. Alii bone. Hazelius, ERNEST LEWIS, D.D. ( Col. Coll. 1824), Lutheran pastor; d. 1853. Prof. Theol. Sem., Lexington, S.C. Author of " Life of Luther," N.Y. 1813 ; " Life of Stilling," 1831 ; " Augsburg Confession, with Annotations ; " Evanyelisches Magazin, 1831; "Materials for Catechisation," 1823; "Church History," _ 4 vols. ; " History of the Lutheran Church in America," 1846. Hazen, MOSES, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. JIaverhill,Ms.,1733 ; d. Troy, N.Y., 3 Feb. 1803. A lieut. in the expeds. against Crown Point in 1 756, and Louisburg in 1758 ; accomp. Wolfe to Quebec in 1759, and disting. himself near that city in an affair with the French, and in the battle of Sillery, 28 April, 1760. He was rewarded for his services with a lieutenancy < 44th Foot) in Feb. 1761. He was on half-pay iu the British army, and was a man of wealth, residing near St. John when the Revol. war broke out, and furnished sitpplies, and rendered other aid, to the army of Montgomery in his exped. against Quebec. His property was de stroyed by the British ; and, besides indemnity therefor, Congress, in Jan. 1776, app. him col. of the 2d Canadian regt. known as " Congress s Own." He was in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, and performed efficient ser vice during the whole war. Made brig.-gen. 29 June; 1781. After the war, Gen. Hazen and his two bros., both of whom held commands in the army, emig. to Vt., and located there ; the land granted for valuable services. He afterward settled at Albany. Hazen, WILLIAM BABCOCK, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. West Hartford, Vt., Sept. 27, 1830. West Point, 1855. A descendant of Gen. Moses Hazen. His parents removed to Huron, Portage Co., O., in 1833. The sons and a grandson were officers in the Union army. En tering the 8th Inf., he served with the 4th against Indians in California and Oregon in 1856-7. In April, 1857, he joined the 8th in Texas ; com. successfully in five fights, until, in Dec. 1859, in a hand-to-hand contest with the Co- manches, he was severely wounded, and was upon four occasions complimented in General Orders. In Feb. 1861 he was app. assist, prof, inf. tactics at W. Point ; 1st lieut. Apr. 6, 1861 ; May 14, 1861, he was made capt. Taking com. of the 41st Ohio regt., he joined, in Dec. 1861, the force at Louisville under Gen. Buell ; Jan. 6, 1862, he took com. of the 19th Brigade. At the battle of Shiloh he acted a conspicuous part ; was with Halleck in the operations at Corinth ; in Buell s campaign in Northern Mpi. and Ala. ; drove the rebels from Danville, Ky., Oct. 12, 1B62 ; and took an important part in the battle of Stone River, protecting the left of the army from being turned under simultaneous attacks in front and flank ; brig.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862 ; com. a brigade in the operations which resulted in the battle of Chickamauga ; and " by an ad mirably-executed coup," on the morning of Oct. 27, at Brown s Ferry, deprived the rebels of the fruits of that battle, and enabled the army at Chattanooga to receive its supplies at Bridge port. At Mission. Ridge he took 18 pieces of art. He served through the Atlanta campaign ; and, in Sherman s march to the sea, com. the 2d div. 1 5th corps, with which he assaulted and captured Fort McAllister, Dec. 13, 1864, for which he was promoted; and May 19, 1865, was app. to com. the 15th corps; maj -gen. vols. 13 Dec. 1864 ; engaged at Bentonville 21 Mar. 1865, and in the operations ending with Johnston s surrender. Brev. maj. for Chicka mauga, lieut.-col. for Chattanooga, col. for cap ture of Atlanta, brig.-gen. for capture of Ft. Mc Allister, and maj. -gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Col. 6th Inf. 28 July, 1866. Reid s Ohio in the War. Head, SIR EDMUND WALKER, gov.-gen. of Canada 1854-61, b. Maidstone, Kent, Eng,, 1805; d. Lond. Jan. 28, 1868. Son of Rev. Sir John Head, whom he succeeded in the bar onetcy in 1838. Educated at Winchester and Oxford, becoming a fellow of Merton Coll. in 1830 ; and was 5 years a tutor there. He was a poor-law commissioner ; in 1 847-54 was gov. of New Brunswick; was in 1863 made a civil- service commissioner; and in 1857 was made a privy councillor. His writings are " Shall and Will," a discussion of the controversy in grammar; "A Handbook of Spanish Paint ing ; " and " The Temple of Serapis at Poz- zuoli." Head, SIR FRANCIS BOND, an English au thor, b. near Rochester, Kent, 1 Jan. 1793. While an officer of engineers, he received from a mining-company an invitation to explore the gold and silver mines of S. America between Buenos Ayres and the Andes. He arrived in Buenos Ayres in 1825, and accomplished the work in a short time. His " Rough Notes," pub. after his return to Eng., give a graphic description of his exped. In Nov. 1835, he was app. gov. of Upper Canada. His inju dicious measures resulted in an insurrection, which he kept in check until his resignation in March, 1838, but which was not quelled until the arrival of his successor, Sir George Arthur. Created a baronet in 1838. After his return home, he pub. a narrative in justification of the measures he had taken against the insurgents. He is widely known as an author by his " Bubbles from the Brunnen of Nassau," " Life of Bruce," " Fagot of French Sticks," and " Fortnight in Ireland." His bro., Sir GEORGE HEAD (1782- May 2, 1855), an officer of the Peninsular war, is best known as an author by his "Forest Scenes and Incidents in the Wilds of North America," 1829. He was sent to Lake Huron in 1814 to superintend the commissariat duties of a proposed naval establishment on the Cana dian lakes; d. Eng., July 22, 1875. Headley, JOEL TYLER, author, b. Wai ton, Del. Co., N.Y., Dec. 30, 1814. Un. Col. 1839. He studied at Auburn Theol. Sem; wai 424 HEC licensed to preach in N.Y. ; and was two years a pastor at Stockbridge, Ms. Compelled by ill health to abandon his profession, he travelled in Europe in 1842-3, and on his return pub. "Let ters from Italy" and "The Alps and the Rhine " (N.Y. 1845). He has pub. " Napoleon and his Marshals," N.Y., 1846 ; " Sacred Moun tains ; " " Washington and his Generals," 1847 ; Lives of Cromwell, Winfield Scott, Jackson, and Washington ; "Adirondack, or Life in the Woods," 1849 ; " The Imperial Guard of Na poleon from Marengo to Waterloo," 1852, founded on the work of E. M. de St. Hilaire ; " A History of the Second War between Eng. and the U.S.," 1853; "Sacred Scenes and Characters;" "Life of Gen. Havelock," 1859; " The Chaplains and Clergy of the Revolu tion," 1861. A uniform edition of his works was pub. in 12 vols. Mr. H. resides near New- burg, on the Hudson. In 1854 he was a repre sentative in the N.Y. legisl., and in 1856-7 was sec. of that State. Headley, REV. PHINEAS CAMP, bro. of J. T., b. Walton, N.Y., June 24, 1819. Author of "Women of the Bible," 1850; "Life of Jo sephine," 1850; "Life of Lafayette," 1855; "Life of Kossuth," 1852; "Life of Mary, Queen of Scots," 1856 ; and a " Series of Boys Lives of Heroes of the War." Contrib. to pe riodicals. Allibone. Healy, GEORGE PETER ALEXANDER, painter, b. Boston, 15 July, 1813. He began painting in Boston in 1831 ; went to Paris in 1 834 ; remained there several years ; and has since 1853 resided in Chicago. Among the portraits executed by him abroad are Louis Philippe, Marshal Soult, Gen. Cass, &c. At home he has painted, among others, Calhoun, Webster, Pierce, and Buchanan. His histori cal picture, " Webster s Reply to Hayne," com pleted in 1851, adorns Faneuil Hall In Boston. At the Great Paris Exhibition in 1855, he ex hibited a series of 1 3 portraits, and a large pic ture representing Franklin urging the claims of the American Colonies before Louis XVI., for which he received a medal of the 2d class. Hearne, SAMUEL, an English traveller, b. London, 1745; d. 1792. A midshipman in the navy in 1756-63; he afterward entered the service of the Hudson s Bay Co., for whom in 1768-70 he made three voyages of exploration in the north-west. July 15, 1771, he began his survey of the Coppermine River, which he reached after a journey on foot of nearly 1,300 miles ; proceeded as far as the Slave Lake, en countering great hardships, and June 30, 1772, arrived at Prince of Wales Fort, after suffer ing severely from famine. He supposed that in this journey he had reached the northern shore of N. America, and stood on the borders of the " Hyperborean Sea." He received the thanks of the H. B. Co., and a handsome gratuity ; established Cumberland Factory in the interior in 1774; became gov. of the Prince of Wales Fort in 1775, and was made prisoner upon i:s capture by La Perouse in 1782; re turning to Eng. in 1787. After his death, his " Journey from the Prince of Wales Fort in Hudson s Bay to the Northern Ocean," with a preface refuting the charges of Dalrymple as to the correctness of his latitudes, was pub., 4to, 1795. Hearne was a man of profound observation, of a benevolent and enlightened mind, and of great courage and perseverance. Heath, LYMAN, vocalist and ballad-corn poser, b. Bow, N.H., 24 Aug. 1804 ; d. Nashua, N.H., 30 June, 1870. He taught music and gave concerts for 45 years, and was the author of " The Grave of Bonaparte," " Burial of Mrs. Judson," and other popular pieces. Heath, WILLIAM, maj.-gen. Revol. army, b. Roxbury, Mar. 2, 1737 ; d. there Jan. 24, 1814. His father William, a farmer, occupied the estate settled by his ancestor in 1636. Though bred a farmer, he was fond of military exercises, and, joining the Ancient and Hon. Art. Company, was made com. in 1770. Ho had been previously made a capt. in the Suf folk regt., of which he was afterwards elected col. In 1770 he wrote sundry essays in a Bos ton newspaper, signed " A Military Country man," on the importance of military discipline, and skill in the use of arms. He was a repre sentative in 1761 and 1771-4; was a member of the committees of corresp. and of safety ; and a delegate to the Prov. Congress in 1774- 5. He was app. a prov. brig. Dec. 8, 1774 ; maj.-gen. June 20 ; brig.-gen. on the continen tal establishment June 22, 1775 ; and maj.-gen. Aug. 9, 1776. He rendered great service in the pursuit of the British troops from Con cord, April 19, 1775, and in organizing the rude and undisciplined army around Boston ; and was stationed with his brigade at Roxbury. He was ordered to N.Y. in Mar. 1776 ; opposed the evacuation of that city; and, near the close of the year, was ordered to take com. of the posts in the Highlands. In June, 1779, he was ordered to the com. on the Hudson. In July, 1780, he repaired to R.I. on the arrival of the French forces, subsequently retiring to the Highlands ; and at the close of the war returned to his farm. He was a member of the convention which ratified the Federal Con stitution ; State senator 1791-2. He was app. judge of probate for Norfolk Co. in 1793; and in 1806 was chosen lieut.-gov., but declined the office. He pub. in 1798 "Memoirs" written by himself. Hebert, PAUL O., gen. C.S.A., b. La. West Point (first in his class), 1840. Enter ing the engineers, he was acting prof, of engineering at West Point in 1841-2 ; resigned in Mar. 1845 ; was chief engineer of the State of La. from 1845 to 1847 ; re-entered the ser vice as lieut.-col. 14th Inf. ; was brev. col. for gallantry at Molino del Rey; and com. his regt., after his col. was killed, at Chapultepee. Gov. of La. 1853-8. In 1861 he was made brig.- gen. in the Southern army. He com. the La. forces, and was taken prisoner at the battle of Pea Ridge, Mar. 9, 1862. Hecker, FRIEDRICH KARL FRANZ, a Re- pub, politician, b. Eichtersheim, Baden, Sept. 28, 1811. He practised law in Manheim from 1838 until elected to the second chamber of Baden in 1842. In the diet of 1846-7 Hecker opposed the liberal ministry of Bekk ; joined the socialist Struve ; and in the chamber was the leader of the extreme left; member of the Prov. Frankfort Parliament; took part with Struve in the insurrection of April in the HEC 425 south of Baden ; and after their defeat at Kau- dern fled to Switzerland, where he established a radical journal, the Volksfreund. He came to America in Sept. 1848, and settled as a farm er in Belleville, 111. In 1856 he took an active part in politics by delivering public speeches in various parts of the Union in favor of Fremont, and in the contest of 1860 was an ardent supporter of Mr. Lincoln. Col. 1st German 111. regt. in 1861. Hecker, ISAAC THOMAS, clergyman, b. New York, Dec. 18, 1819. He was connected in business there with his brothers, who were engaged in milling and baking. He spent the summer of 1843 with the Association at Brook Farm in West Roxbury, Ms., and afterward joined the community known as the " Con- sociate Family," at Fruitlands, in Worcester Co., Ms. Returning to N.Y. in 1845, he be came a Rom. Cath., and after a novitiate at St. Froud, Belgium, was adm. to the order of the Most Holy Redeemer in 1847. Ord. priest in Lond. by Cardinal Wiseman, he passed 2 years in Eng. engaged in missions ; returned to N.Y. in 1851, and during 7 years was em- ploved in missionary labors in various parts of the U.S. Visiting Rome in 1857 he was released by the pope from his connection with the Redemptorists, and in 1858 founded the new missionary society of St. Paul the Apostle. Author of "Questions of the Soul," 1855; and "Aspirations of Nature," 1857. While in Rome he pub. in the Civilta Catolica two papers on " Catholicity in the U.S.," which were translated into several languages, and reprinted in America and Europe. Appleton. Heckwelder, JOHN, Moravian mission ary, b. Bedford, Eng., Mar. 12, 1743 ; d. Beth lehem, Jan. 21, 1823. He became a preacher in his youth ; came to Amer. in 1 754 ; began his benevolent labors in 1771 ; and remained over 40 years among the Indians of Pa. He stud ied carefully their language, manners, and cus toms, and, after an adventurous career, estab lished himself at Bethlehem, one of the princi pal Moravian establishments in N. Amcr. His knowledge of the Delaware tongue caused his frequent employment to accompany pacific missions among the Indians. In 1762 he ac- comp. Mr. Post in his exped. to the Indian tribes on the Ohio. In 1797 he was sent to superintend the Indians on the Muskingum. Becoming a member of the Philos. Soc. of Pa., they pub. in their " Transactions " a " Hist. of the Manners and Customs of the Indian Na tions who formerly inhabited Pa. and the Neigh boring States," Phila. 1819, repub. in France in 1826 by Du Ponceau, with the correspondence between them, and a vocabulary of Indian lan guages. Author also of " A Narrative of the Mission of the United Brethren among the Delaware and Mohegan Indians," Phila. 8vo, 1 goo. See Life of Heckwelder, by Rondthcder, Phila., 12mo, 1847. Hedding, ELIJAH, D.D. (Augusta Coll. 1829), bishop M. E. Church, b. Poughkeepsie, N.Y., June 7, 1780; d. there Apr. 9, 1852. He labored on a farm in early life ; was licensed to preach in Mar. 1800 ; ofd. deacon in 1803, and bishop in 1824. His first app. was to Es sex circuit. He extended his travels to Cana da; became a member of the N.Y. AnnualjCcnf in 1801 ; and was app. to the Plattsburg circuit. He was many years presiding elder of a dis trict, and was elected delegate to the first dele gated gen. conf. of the church held in N.Y. in 1812. He was mainly instrumental in the es tablishment of Zion s Herald, at Boston, the first Meth. journal in the U.S. ; and he was a zealous laborer in the cause of education. In 1848 he represented his church in the British conference. He wrote a manual on the disci pline of the church. Life by D. \V. Clark, 1 854. Hedge, FREDERIC HENRY, D.D. (H.U. 1852), clergyman and author, b. Cambridge, Ms., Dec. 12, 1805. H.U. 1825. Son of Prof. Levi. In 1818 the son accomp. George Ban croft to Germany, and there studied at Ilfeld and Schulpforte, returning home in 1823. Af ter 3 years study in the theol. school, he en tered the ministry; was in 1828 settled in the Cong, church at W. Cambridge; and in Sept. 1830 m. a dau. of Rev. John Pierce of Brook- line. From 1835 to 1850 he was pastor of a Unitarian church in Bangor, Me. From 1850 to 1856 he was pastor of the Westminster Church, Providence, R.I. ; and had charge of the First Cong. Church, Brookline, Ms., from 1856 until elected prof, of German at H.U. in 1872. In 1858 he was chosen prof, of eccl. hist, in Camb. Theol. School, and took charge of the Christian Examiner, His largest work is the " Prose Writers of Germany : " he has also pub. versions of many of the minor poems of eminent Ger man writers, especially Schiller and Goethe. In 1853, in connection with Dr. Huntington, he pub. a vol. of hymns, many of the best of which are his own composition and transla tions ; also " Liturgy for the Use of the Church." He has also pub. " The Primeval World," 1869; and "Reason in Religion;" sermons, orations, reviews, and magazine es says. In the winter of 1853-4 Dr. Hedge deliv ered a course of lectures on Mediaeval History before the Lowell Institute, Boston. Hedge, LEVI, LL.D. (Y.C. 1823), teacher, b. Warwick, Ms., Apr. 19, 1766; d. Cambridge, Jan. 3, 1844. H.U. 1792. He was the son of Rev. Lemuel. Was a tutor in H.U. in 1805-1 1 ; prof, of Latin from 1811 to 1817; of nat. theol., moral philos., and political economy, from 1817 to 1822, and from 1827 to 1832 ; and prof, of logic and metaphysics from 1810 to 1827. Dr. Hedge prepared a good abridgment of Brown s Mental Philos., 1827 ; and pub. a trea tise on Logic, 1816; also a eulogy on Joseph McKean, 1818. He received honorary degrees from B.U. and Y.C., and was a member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Heiiltzelman (hint -sel-man ), SASIUEL P., general, b. Manheim,Lanc. Co., Pa., 30 Sep. 1805. W. Ft. 1826. 1st lieut. 2d Inf. Mar. 4, 1833. During the Mexican war, he organized a batt. of recruits and convalescent soldiers at Vera Cruz, and marched to the city of Mexico. He had several engagements with the enemy ; and for that at Huamatla, where Maj. Walker was killed, was brev. maj. ; maj. 1st Inf. 3 Mar. 1855. After the war he com. in the southern district of Cal., where he established Fort Yuma, and successfully suppressed Indian hostilities. In 1859 he com. an exped. to pro- HEI 426 tect the southern border of Texas from ma rauding parties under the guerilla Cortinas, in which he was also disting. He left Texas soon after the treachery of Twiggs, and went on duty at Washington as insp.-gen. May 14, 1861, he was brev. lieut.-col. ; app. col. 17th Inf.; brig.-gen. vols. 17 May; and ordered to the com. of a brigade at Alexandria. He was subsequently app. to com. the 3d division of the Army of the Potomac under McDowell ; and at Bull Run disting. himself, and was se verely wounded. Placed in com. of the 3d ar my corps, he led it with McClellan toward Richmond. This corps suffered most at Fair Oaks. He com. the right wing of Pope s army in the second Bull Run battle, and subsequently took com. of the fortifications ab. Washington Citv. Maj.-gen. vols. 5 May, 1862; brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A. 31 May, 1862, for Fair Oaks, and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for Williamsburg ; re tired Feb. 22, 1869, and made maj.-gen. Heister (his -ter), DANIEL, b. Berk* Co., Pa., 1747; d. Washington, March 8, 1804. He settled in Montgomery Co., where he was a thorough business-man, and active in the Revol., being col. and brig.-gen. of the militia in ser vice. Member supreme exec, council of Pa. in 1784 ; and in 1787 a commiss. of the Ct. land claims; member of the 1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th Con gresses from Pa. ; and having moved to Ha- gerstown, Md., represented that State in the 7th and 8th Congresses. His son DANIEL was a member llth Cong. JOHN, his bro. (b. 9 Apr. 1746, d. 15 Oct. 1821), was in the 10th Congress. Heister, GEN. JOSEPH, gov. of Pa. 1821-3, b. Reading, Nov. 18, 1752 ; d. June 10, 1832. In 1775 he raised a company, which, at the bat tle of Long Island, was cut to pieces. Capt. Heister, severely wounded, was taken prisoner, and suffered a year s confinement in a British prison-ship. After his exchange, he again joined the army, and was wounded at Ger- mantown. After the war, he was many years a member of the Pa. legisl. ; was also" in the convention which formed the State constitu tion ; and was M.C. 1797-1805 and 1815-21. Heister, LEOPOLD PHILIP DE, lieut.-gen. (July, 1776), com.-in-chief of the Hessians in the Revol. war; d. Cassel, Nov. 19,1777, a. 60. Helm, BEN. HARDIN, brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Elizabethtown, Ky., ab. 1830 ; killed at Chick- amauga, Sept. 30, 1863. West Point, 1851. Grandson of Ben. Hardin of Ky. ; son of John L. Helm, gov. of Ky. (1850-1 and 1867). Of this family were also Maj. BENJ. (d. 24 Feb. 1858, a. 90) and Capt. LEONARD of Fauq. Co., Va., early pioneers to Ky., and disting. in the Indian warfare of the day. B. H. entered the 2d Drags., but resigned in Oct. 1852; lawyer at Elizabethtown, Ky., 1854-8, and Louisville, 1858-61; member Ky. legisl. 1855-6; com monwealth atty. 3d dist., Ky., 1856-8 ; col. 1st Ky. Cav. in 1861; served in Bragg s army at Slfiloh ; made brig.-gen. March, 1862; was in the battles of Perry ville and Stone River, where he com. a division ; led a Ky. brigade at Vicksburg in the summer of 1863. He com. l division at Chickarnauga. Hembel, WILLIAM, physician, pres. of the Acad. of Nat. Sciences of Phila. (1840-50), b. Phila. Sept. 24, 1764; d. June 12, 1851. H studied medicine, and was a vol. in the medical dept. of the Revol. army in Va. Dui/ckinck. Hemmenway, MOSES, D.D. (H.U.1785),- minister of Wells, Me., from Aug. 8, 1759, to his death, Apr. 5, 1811 ; b. Framingham, 1736. H.U. 1 755. Descendant of Ralph of Roxbury , 1634. Author of Sermons and Controversial Tracts ; " Vindication of the Power, &c., of the Unregenerate, against the Exceptions of Rev. Saml. Hopkins," 8vo, 1772. Sprague. Hempel, CHARLES JULIUS, M.D., homoeop. physician and writer, b. Solingen, Prussia, Sept. 5, 1811. U. of N.Y. He studied medi cine in Paris, and came to the U.S. in 1835. He subsequently practised homoeop. in N.Y. City, and translated and edited the works of Hahnemann and others of that school. In 1 857 he was app. prof, of materia med. in the Homceop. Med. Coll. at Phila. He has pub. " A Grammar of the German Language," 1842 ; " True Organization of the New Church," 1848; translations of Hahnemann s "Materia Medica Pura," 1846 ; of Johr and Possart s " New Manual of the Homo3cp. Materia Medi ca," 1849, to which he added a third vol., entitled " Complete Repertory of Homceop. Materia Medica/ 1853, &c. ; and " A Com prehensive System of Homceop. Materia Medica and Therapeutics," 1859. Hemphill, JOSEPH, judge, b. Del. Co., Pa., 1770; d. Phila. May 29, 1842. M.C. 1801-3, 1819-27, and 1829-31 ; a leading Federalist ; disting. himself particularly by a speech on the judiciary bill in 1801 ; member of the State legisl. in 1831; some time judge of the Dist. Court, Phila. Henck, JOHN BENJAMIN, A. A. S., civil engineer, b. Phila. 181 5. H.U. 1840. Author of "Field-Book for Railroad Engineers." Henderson, ARCHIBALD, brig.-gen., b. Va. 1785 ; d. Washington, D.C., Jan. 6, 1859 ; app. lieut. marines, June 4, 1806; capt. Apr. 1811; brev. maj. 1814; lieut.-col. com. Oct. 17, 1820 ; col. July 1, 1834 ; com. batt. of marines in the Fla. war; com. in an affair with, the Indians on the Hatcheluskee, Jan. 27, 1837 ; brevet brig.-gen. for gallant and meritorious service while in command of the marines in Ala., Flor., and Tenn., during the campaigns against the hostile Indians, Jan. 27, 1837. Gardner. Henderson, JAMES PINCKNEY, soldier and statesman, b. Lincoln Co., N.C., Mar. 31, 1808; d. Washington, June 4, 1858. He re ceived a liberal education ; practised law in Mpi. ; was a brig.-gen. in the army of Texas in 1836; atty.-gen. of Texas when its army was disbanded in that year; sec. of state in 1837-9 ; and afterward minister to Eng. and France to procure the recognition of Texan independence. Returning in 1840, he resumed his profession at San Augustine in partnership with Gen. Rusk until 1843. Special minister to the U.S. in 1844 to procure the annexation of Texas ; member of the Const. Conv. in 1845 ; gov. of the State in 1846-7 ; maj.-gen. of Texas vols. in the war with Mexico, and disting. at Monterey, receiving from Congress its thanks and a sword ; U.S. senator 1857-8. Henderson, LEONARD, jurist, b. 1772; HEN 427 HEN I. Granvillc Co., N.C., Aug. 1833. Son of Judge Richard. He studied law, and attained distinction at the bar of N.C., and was a judge of the Superior Court in 1808-16. On the formation of a.new Supreme Court of the State, he was elected one of the judges; and in 1829 was app. chief justice. Henderson, PLEASANT, Revol. officer, b. Hanover Co., Va., Jan. 9, 1756; d. Hunting don, Tenn., Dec. 10, 1842. He studied law with his bro. Judge Richard ; entered the army in 1775 ; and at the close of the war was inaj. of Col. Malmedy s mounted corps ; app. clerk of the Sup. Court of Orange in 1782 ; was sec. to Gov. Martin in 1782-5; and from 1789 to 1830 was reading clerk to the H. of Commons. He moved to Tenn. in 1831. He was a friend of Daniel Boone, and in 1776-8 resided at Boonsborough. Henderson, THOMAS, statesman, of N. J. Princeton Coll. 1761. Judge of the C.C.P. ; delegate to the Old Congress 1779-80; M.C. 1795-7; lieut.-gov. of N. J. Hendrick, a Mohawk chief, killed near Fort George, N.Y., Sept. 8, 1755. He was the son of a Mohegau chief called the Wolf, and m. Hunnis, dau. of a Mohawk chief. In 1751 he was consulted by the Ms. commissioners for removing the Mohawks to Stockbridge to be instructed by Jonathan Edwards. In June, 1754, he attended the Congress at Albany for a treaty with the Six Nations. In 1755 he joined Sir Wm. Johnson with 200 Mohawks, and marched to meet Dieskau. At a council of war, Sept. 8, it was proposed to send a detachment to meet the enemy : when the number was mentioned to Hendrick, he re plied, " If they are to fight, they are too few ; if they are to be killed, they are too many." Accompanying Col. Williams s detachment, it was ambushed at Rocky Brook, 4 miles from Fort George ; and this valiant old warrior and faithful friend of the English was mortally wounded. Hendricks, WILLIAM, an early settler in and gov. of Ind. (1822-5), b. Westmore land Co., Pa., in 1783 ; d. Madison, May 16, 1850. He settled in that town in 1814, and filled many important offices. He was sec. of the convention which formed the present con stitution of Ind. ; M.C. 1816-22; U. S. senator 1825-37. Hening, WILLIAM WALLER, clerk of Chancery Court, Richmond; d. there Apr. 1, 1828. Author of "Justice," 1821 ; 13 vols. of " Statutes at Large," 1822 ; " Amer. Pleader," 2 vols. 8vo, 1811 ; editor of Francis s "Max ims of Equity," and, with Wm. Mumford, pub. 4 vols. " Reports Sup. Court of Ap peals," 1809-11. Henkle, . MOSES MONTGOMERY, D.D., clergyman, b. Pendleton Co., Va., Mar. 23, 1798. In 1819 he entered the ministry, and became a missionary to the Wyandotte Indians. In 1822 he edited a religious magazine; was joint editor of the church paper at Nashville, Tenn., in 1845; and in 1847 established the Southern Ladies Companion, editing it 8 years. He pub. a vol. of Masonic Addresses, 1848 ; " Primary Platform of Methodism," 1851 ; " Analysis of Church Govt.," 1852 ; " Life of Bishop Bascon,," 1853; "Primitive Episco pacy," 1856. Henley, COL. DAVID, Revol. officer, b. Charlestown, Ms., Feb. 12, 1748 ; d. Wash ington, D.C., Jan. 1, 1823. Brig.-maj. to Gen. Heath, Aug. 15, 1775; dep. adj.-gen. Sept. 6, 1776; disting. at the siege of Boston; ieut.- col. R. Putnam s regt. Dec. 1776 ; app. col. of a Ms. regt. Jan. 1,1777; resigned Mar. 31, 1779. He was in com. at Cambridge while the troops captured at Saratoga were there ; was called to account for alleged severities to ward them by Gen. Burgoyne; was tried by court-martial, and was acquitted. He was an officer of merit ; held important stations in the govt. ; and at the time of his death was a clerk in the war dept. His bro. Maj. THOMAS, a brave and enterprising officer, was killed in a skirmish at Montressors Island, N.Y., Sept. 22, 1776. Henley, JOHN D., capt. U.S.N., b. Va. ; d. Havana, May 23, 1835, while com. the U.S. squad, in the W. Indies. Midshipm. Oct. 14, 1799 ; lieut. Jan. 3, 1807 ; com. July 24, 1813 ; capt. Mar. 5, 1817. Henley, ROBERT, capt. U.S.N., b. James City Co., Va., Jan. 5, 1783 ; d. Sullivan s Is land, S.C., Oct. 7, 1828. Midshipm. Apr. 8, 1799; lieut. Jan. 29, 1807; com. Aug. 12, 1814; capt. Mar. 3, 1825. He served under Truxton in the action with the French ship "La Vengeance," Feb. 1, 1800; and in Mac- donough s victory on Lake Champlain, Sept. 11, 1814, com. the brig "Eagle," and received a gold medal from Congress. Hennepin (hSn -neh-pan ), Louis, mis sionary, b. Ath, Belgium, ab. 1640 ; d. Hol land, after 1701. He travelled and preached in various places ; was a regimental chaplain in the battle of Senef between the Prince of Conde and William of Orange in 1 674 ; landed at Quebec in 1675 ; in 1676 visited the Indian mission at FortFrontenac ; and in 1678 accomp. La Salle s exped., constructing at Niagara a vessel for navigating the Lakes above the falls. Aug. 7, 1679, they began their voyage, and, reaching the Illinois River, built Fort Creve- Coeur, near the present site of Peoria. 29 Feb. 1680, he proceeded in a canoe to the Upper Mpi. as far as the falls, which he named Saint Anthony s, and which no European had yet seen. Arriving at the mouth of the St. Francis River, in what is now Minnesota, he named it for the founder of his order ; travelled about 180 miles along its banks; visited the Sioux Indians ; and meeting a party of Frenchmen, who had come by way of Lake Superior, re turned with them to Canada. Returning to Europe, he pub. at Paris, in 1683-4, an account of his travels, entitled " A Description of Loui siana," a work of great value, notwithstand ing the vanity, and proneness to exaggeration, of its author. In 1697 he pub. his " New Dis covery of a Vast Country situated in America," containing the matter in his History, with the addition of an acconnt of his voyage down the Lower Mpi., which, according to Jared Sparks, is a fabrication copied from Le Clerq s " Nar rative." Hennepin s descriptions of Indian life are generally accurate ; and he was a cour ageous and daring explorer. Though he 428 Adopted the secular habit among the Dutch, he does not appear to have relinquished his profession, as he continued to sign himself missionary recollet and apostolic notary. Michaud, N^ouv. Biog. Gtfn. Henningsen, CHARLES FREDERIC, an English author and soldier, of Scandanavian extraction, b. 1815. In 1834 he entered as a vol. the service of Don Carlos, the claimant of the Spanish throne ; soon rose to be capt. of Zumalacarregui s body-guard ; and subse quently, with the rank of lieut.-col., served with the Carlists in many engagements. Af ter the battle of Villas de los Navarros, he was made col., and placed in com. of the cavalry. Taken prisoner, he was released, on parole not to serve again during the war. He next served in the Russian army in Circassia. On his re turn to Eng., he wrote his " Revelations of Russia " ( Paris, 1845). He proposed a plan of campaign to the insurrectionary leaders of Hun gary, so highly approved of, that he was to be app. military and civil com. of the fortress of Comorn. When the struggle was over, he vis ited Kossuth at Kutaiah, and came to the U.S., remaining here as a representative of Hungarian interests. He joined the forces of Gen. Walker in Nicaragua as maj.-gen., and remained from Oct. 1856 until their surrender to Com. Davis, U.S.N., in May, 1857. He rn. a niece of the late Senator Berrien, and was a brig. -gen. in the C.S.A., serving in Va. His speciality in arms is artillery ; but he has also given great attention to the improvement of small-arms, superintending the construction of the first Minie-rifles ever made in the U.S. Author of " Twelve Months Campaign with Zumalacarregui;" "The White Slave," a nov el; "Eastern Europe;" " Sixty Years Hence," a novel of Russian life ; " Past and Future of Hungary ; " " Analogies and Contrasts," and various other works, all pub. in London ; d. Washington, D.C., June 14, 1877. Henry, ALEXANDER, traveller, b. N. Bruns wick, N. J., 1739 ; d. Montreal, Apr. 4, 1824. He was in the exped. of Amherst, and at the reduction of Fort de Levi and the surrender of Montreal. He then embarked in the fur- trade, and followed it 13 years, from Montreal to the Rocky Mountains. He pub. " Travels in Canada a nd the Indian Territories between 1 760-76," 8vo, N.Y., 1809. Henry, ALEXANDER, merchant, b. Scot land, 1766 ; d. Phila. Aug. 13, 1847. He came to Phila. in 1783, and acquired a large estate, in the use of which he was charitable and generous. Pres. of the Board of Educa tion and of other societies. A notice of him is in the Merchants Mag., Jan. 1856. Henry, CALEB SPRAGUE, D.D., clergyman and author, b. Rutland, Ms., Aug. 2/1804. Dartm. Coll. 1825. He studied theology at Andover and N. Haven ; and in 1828-31 was settled as a Cong, minister at Greenfield, Ms. ; in 1833 he was settled in Hartford, Ct ; in 1834 he pub. a pamphlet on the "Principles and Prospects of the Friends of Peace," and established the Amer. Advocate of Peace, which, after the first year, became the organ of the Amer. Peace Soc ; in 1835 he took orders in the Pr.-Ep. Church ; was soon after app. prof. of intellectual and moral philos. in Bristol Coll., Pa. ; in 1837 returned to N.Y., and with Dr. Hawks founded the N. Y. Review ; in 1839-52 he was prof, of philos. and hist, in the U. of N.Y. ; in 1847 he became rector of St. Clement s Church, N.Y. His health failing, he resigned this charge in 1850, but retained his professorship, and, in addition to its duties, performed for some part of the time the labors of the chancellorship of the university also. In 1857 he removed to Poughkcepsic, and was afterward rector of an Ep. church at Newburg on the Hudson. He pub. in 1 845 an " Epitome of the Hist, of Philosophy " by the Abbe Ban- tain, translating and continuing it down to the date of publication. He has also pub. a trans lation of Cousin s lectures on Locke s " Essay on the Human Understanding," with notes and additional pieces, under the title of " Cousin s Psychology," 1834; "Compendium of Chris tian Antiquities," 1837; "Moral and Philo sophical Essays," 1839; Guizot s "General History of Civilization," with notes ; " House hold Liturgy ; " Taylor s "Manual of Ancient and Modern History" revised, with a chapter on the history of the U.S., 1845; "Dr. Old- ham at Graystones, and his Talk there," pub. anonymously, 1860 ; a vol. of essays entitled " Considerations on Some of the Elements and Conditions of Social Welfare;" numerous ad dresses, &c. Henry, JAMES, judge, and member Old Congress from Va., 1780-2 ; d. Va.. Jan. 1805. Henry, JOHN, statesman, b. Md. ; d, Eas- ton, Md., Dec. 1798. N. J. Coll. 1769. De scended from Rev. John, a Presb. minister of Md., who d. 1717, leaving two sons, ROBERT JENKINS, judge of the Prov. Court 1754, resid ing in Somerset ; and Col. JOHN, member of the house of delegates from Worcester Co. John was a delegate to the Old Congress in 1778-81 and 1784-7, U.S. senator 1789-97, and gov. of Md. in 1797-8. Henry, JOHN, comedian, manager of the Old Amer. Comp. of Comedians, b. Eng. ; d. on the passage from N.Y. to Newport, Oct. 1794. Educated at Trinity Coll., Dublin ; served under Burgoyne in Portugal ; and was a member of the family of the Duke of North umberland while lord.-lieut. of Ireland ; made his debut at Drury Lane in 1762 ; at the John- street Theatre, N.Y., Dec. 7, 1767, as Aimwell in " The Beaux Stratagem ; " and was the original Sir Peter Teazle in America. Author of "A School for Soldiers," a dramatic piece, Kingston, Jamaica, 8vo, 1783. Henry, JOHN, a political adventurer, noted for divulging a pretended British plot to sepa rate the N.E. States from the Union early in 1812, for which service he received $50,000 from Pres. Madison ; b. Ireland ; came to Phila. ab. 1793; edited Brown s Phila. Gazette; af terwards held a commiss. as an officer of artil lery, but finally settled on a farm in Nor: hern Vt., where he resided in 1812. Lossiny. Henry, JOHN, British admiral, b. Sept. 28, 1731 ; d. Rolvenden, Kent, Aug. 6, 1829. He entered the service ab. 1744; was a 1st lieut. at the reduction of Havana ; and in Nov. 1777 was made a post-captain by Lord Howe for his conduct at the capture of Mud 429 HEN Island in the Del. River. In May, 1778, he c )-operatcd with a detachment under Lieut.- (Jol. Maitland in destroying a number of American vessels in the Chesapeake, among which were " The Washington " and " The Kffingham " (frigates), 9 large merchant-ships, and 23 brigs; in 1779 in " The Fowey," of 20 guns, he disting. himself greatly in the com. of the naval force stationed at Savannah when attacked by the French under D Estaing. He was made an admiral in 1804. Henry, JOHN JOSEPH, a Revol. soldier, b. Lancaster, Pa., Nov. 4, 1758; d. ab. 1810. Author of " An Accurate and Interesting Ac count of the Hardships and Sufferings of that Band of Heroes who traversed the Wilderness in the Campaign against Quebec in 1775," pub. Lancaster, Fa., 1812. He was a private in Smith s riflemen during that campaign, in which he was wounded and made prisoner. On his return studied and practised law, and was afterward pres. of the 2d judicial dist. of Pa. Henry, JOSEPH, LL.D. (H. U. 1851), physicist, b. Albany, N.Y., Dec. 17, 1797. He received a common-school education, and for some years was a watchmaker. In 1826 he was app. prof, of mathematics in the Albany Acad. ; in 1827 he began a series of experi ments in electricity; and in 1828 pub. an account of various modifications of electro magnetic apparatus. He was the first to prove by actual experiment, that, in order to develop magnetic power at a distance, a galvanic bat tery of intensity must be employed to project the current ; and that a magnet surrounded by many turns of one long wire must be used to receive this current. In 1831, in some experi ments at the Albany Acad., he transmitted signals by means of the electro-magnet through a wire more than a mile in length. An ac count of these experiments, and of his electro magnetic machine, was pub. in Silliman a Am. Journal of Science in 1831, in which he pointed out the applicability of the facts demonstrated by his experiments to the instantaneous con veyance of intelligence between distant points by means of a magnetic-telegraph, which was several years subsequently brought into prac tical operation by Prof. Morse. In 1832 he was called to the chair of natural philos. in N. J. Coll. ; in Feb. 1837 he went to Europe, visiting Prof. Wheatstone of King s Coll., Lon don, to whom he explained his discoveries, and his method of producing great mechanical effects at a distance such as the ringing of church-bells 100 miles off by means of the electro-magnet. In 1846, on the organization of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, Prof. Henry was app. sec., a post he still holds, and which gives him its principal direction. He has pub. " Contributions to Electricity and Magnetism," 1839; and many scientific papers in the Philos. Transactions, Silli/nan s Journal, and the Journal of the Franklin Institute. d. May, 1878. Henry, PATRICK, orator and statesman, b. studley, Hanover Co., Va., May 29, 1736; d. June 6, 1799. His father, Col. John Henry, a native of Aberdeen, was county surveyor, presiding magistrate, and a man of liberal education. At the age of 10 his father took him from school, and taught him at home, where he had opened a grammar school. He acquired some proficiency in mathematics ; but his taste for hunting and fishing predominated. The embarrassed circumstances of his father led him to embark at the age of 15 in mercan tile business, in which he was unsuccessful. He m. Miss Shelton when he was 18; and at the age of 24, after 6 weeks study of the law, was adm. to practice. For a long time he had no practice, and was extremely poor, living with his father-in-law, a tavern-keeper, and assisting him in his business. At the age of 27 he was retained in the celebrated " Parsoni Cause," and at once became famous as an orator. Removing to Louisa Co. in 1 764, he be came a member of the house of burgesses, May 1765. Into this assembly, violently he stile to extreme measures, he introduced those mem orable resolutions against the Stamp Act, one of which declared that that body had the ex clusive right and power to levy taxes and impositions upon the inhabitants of the Colony. In the stormy debate which ensued, Henry vehemently exclaimed, " Tarquin and Ctesar had each his Brutus; Charles the First, his Cromwell ; and George the Third " " Treason ! " cried the speaker ; the cry was echoed from every part of the house "may profit by their example! If this be treason, make the most of it ! " The resolutions were carried, the last by a majority of one. In 1 769 he was adm. to the bar of the Gen. Court, where, in jury-trials, in which his wonderful powers of oratory could be brought to bear, he far exceeded all his contemporaries. Early in the session of 1773, Henry, the Lees, Jeffer son, and Dabney Carr, originated the " Com mittee of Corresp. for the Dissemination of Intelligence between the Colonies." In Sept. 1774 Henry was a delegate to the Gen. Con gress at Phila., where he was the first speaker. His extraordinary eloquence astonished all listeners ; and he took rank as the greatest orator of America. In March, 1775, at the Second State Convention, he moved the or ganization of the militia, and that the "Colony be immediately put in a state of defence." Lord Dunmore having clandestinely removed on the night of April 20 all the powder of the Colony, Henry, placing himself at the head of the militia of Hanover, marched upon Wiliiams- burg, and obliged the agent of Dunmure to pay for it. In June, Henry was elected col. of the 1st Va. regt., but shortly after resigned. A delegate to the convention of May, 1776; he was the first Republican gov. of the State, serving from 1776 to 1779. Returning to the legisl., where he served to the end of the war, he was again gov. until the autumn of 1786. In 1788 he was a member of the convention which ratified the Federal Constitution, which he opposed with all his eloquence and strength. He feared that the final result would be the destruction of the rights of the sovereign States. In 1794 he retired from the bar, and removed to his estate of Red Hill in Charlotte. App. by Washington in 1795 sec. of state, he declined the office, as he afterward did that oi~ envoy to France, offered by Adams, and that 430 HEIST of gov. in 1796. In March, 1799, he was elected to the State senate, but never took his seat. His Life has been written by William Wirt, and by A. H. Everett in Sparks s " American Biography." Henry, ROBERT, D.D.,LL.D., scholar, b. Charleston, S.C., Dec. 6, 1792; d. Columbia, Feb. 6, 1856. U. of Edinb. 1814. He travelled a short time on the Continent, and after his return to his native State ministered to a French congregation of Huguenots in Charles ton for 2 years. In Nov. 1818 he was app. to the chair of logic and moral philos. in the S.C. Coll. ; subsequently to that of metaphysics and political philos.; and in 1834-5 was pres. ; in 1839 he accepted the chair of metaphysics and belles-lettres ; and in 1842-5 was a second time pres., performing the duties of prof, of Greek during a portion of the time. He wrote for the Southern reviews articles of a high order ; delivered and pub. occasional sermons and eulogies on Prof. E. D. Smith, on Jona than Maxcy, and on J. C. Calhoun. Henry, THOMAS CHARLTON, D.D. (Y.C. 1824), Presb. clergyman, b. Phila. Sept. 22, 1790; d. Oct. 4, 1827. Midd. Coll. 1814; Princ. Theol. Sem. 1818. Son of Alex. Henry. Pres. of the Amer. S. S. Union. Pastor of the Presb. church, Columbia, S.C., from Nov. 1818 until Jan. 1824, when he became pastor of a cong. in Charleston, S. C. He pub. " Letters to an Anxious Inquirer," 1827; " On Popular Amusements/ 1825 ; Moral Etchings, and Occasional Sermons. Sprague. Henry, GEN. WILLIAM, a Revol. soldier, b. Charlotte Co., Va., 1761 ; d. Christian Co., Ky., Nov. 23, 1824. He entered the army at an early age ; fought at Guilford, the Cowpens, and at Yorktown ; removed to Ky. ; and was engaged in many conflicts with Indians in the border wars of that State. App. maj.- gen. Ky. vols. Aug. 31, 1813; he com. a divi sion of 3 brigades in the battle of the Thames, Oct. 5, 1813; and also served in Scott s and Wilkinson s campaigns. He was in the State Const. Convs., also in both branches of the Ky. legisl. Father of JOHN P. and ROBERT P., members of Congress 1825-7. Henry, HON. WILLIAM ALEXANDER, law yer and statesman, of Nova icotia, b. Halifax, 30 Dec. 1816. Called to th> oar in Nov. 1840, and soon after elected to the legisl. assembly. At the election of 1847 the friends of a respon sible govt. were successful; and Mr. Henry has since been returned on that principle. App. a Q. C. in 1849. He has introduced various reforms in the Court of Chancery and Equity ; was solicitor-gen, in 1854, 59, and 63, andprov. sec. 1856-7. Prominent in the question of a union of the Brit. Provinces, and a delegate to London on that question in July, 1866, and, in the winter of that year, an unsuccessful ne gotiator with the U.S. Govt. for the continu ance of the reciprocity treaty. Men of the Time. Henry, WILLIAM SEATON, maj. U.S.A., b. N. Y. 1816; d. N.Y. City, Mar. 5, 1851. West Point, 1835. Author of " Campaign Sketches of the War with Mexico." Entering the 3d Inf., he became capt. 18 May, 1846, and was brev. maj. "for gallant conduct at Monte rey, Mexico," Sept. 23, 1846. His son GUT V., capt. 1st U.S. Art., and disting. in the Re bellion, has pub. a " Milit. Record of Civil Appointments in the U.S.A.," vol. i. 1869. Henshaw, DAVID, merchant and leading Dernoc. politician of Boston, b. Leicester, Ms., Apr. 2, 1791; d. there Nov. 11, 1852. His ancestors were among the original proprietors of the town ; and his father David was a pa triot of the Revol. The son spent his boyhood laboring on his father s farm, and attending the schools and acad. of the town. At 16 he be came an apprentice in the drug-business in Bos ton ; commenced the business on his own ac count in 1814, and gave it up in 1829. Devot ing all his leisure to study, he became a prom inent political writer, and was an able advocate of free trade. He also contrib. to the periodi- ical press, and pub. essays, in a pamphlet form, on subjects of political economy ; among them " Letters on the Intern. Imp. and Commerce of the West," Boston, 1839. He was a State sen ator in 1826; member of the State Board of Internal Improvements, 1828-51 ; and in 1839 a representative ; in 1830-9 he was coll. of cus toms at Boston ; and was sec. of the navy in 1843. He was active in promoting railroad enterprises, among them the Boston and Wor cester, the Boston and Providence, and the Boston and Albany Roads. Henshaw, JOHN PRENTISS KEWLY, D.D. (Mid. Coll. 1830), Pr.-Ep. bishop of R. I., b. Middletown, Ct., June 13, 1792; d. Frederick, Md., July 20, 1852. Mid. Coll. 1808. His father removed to Middlebury, Vt., in 1800. Ord. deacon at the age of 21 ; he officiated in St. Ann s Church, Brooklyn, until 1817, when he accepted the rectorship of St. Peter s, Balti more ; ord. priest June 13, 1816 ; consec. bishop of R. I. Aug. 11, 1843 ; also becoming rector of Grace Church, Providence. Dr. Henshaw pub. a treatise on " Didactic Theolo gy," " On Confirmation ; " " A Selection of Hymns ; " " Theology for the People of Bait.," 8vo, 1840; " Lectures on the Second Advent ; " "Communicant s Guide;" and "A Memoir of Bishop Moore of Va." Henshaw, JOSHUA SIDNEY, author, b. Bos- ton, Oct. 16, 1811 ; d. Utica, Apr. 29, 1859. A descendant of Gov. Belcher. His name, which was originally Joshua H. Belcher, was changed by the Pa. legisl. in 1845. In 1833 he became a teacher in the Chauncey Hall Inst., Boston. App. Sept. 1837 prof, of math, in the navy, he made in the frigate " Columbia " a voyage, of which he pub. a narrative entitled " Around the World." He resigned his post in 1841 ; studied law ; was adm. to the Phila. bar ; and in 1843 was re-instated in his professorship. From 1848 until his death, he practised law in Utica. He pub. " Philosophy of Human Prog ress," 1835; "Incitement to Moral and In tellectual Weil-Doing," 1836 ; " Life of Father Mathew," 1847 ; "U.S. Manual for Consuls," 1849. He left nearly completed a work enti tled " Bible Ethics." N. E. H. fr Gen. Reg., xiii. 277. Henshaw, COL. WILLIAM, Revol. officer, b. Boston, 1735; d. Leicester, Ms., Feb. 1820. He removed to L. in 1748 ; was a lieut. of pro vincials under Amherst in 1759 ; was lieut.-col 431 of Little s regt. at the siege of Boston ; and served at L. Island, White Plains, Trenton, and Princeton, but left the service early in 1777. His grandson DANIEL, lawyer, and editor of the Lynn Record, d. Boston, July 9, 1863, a. 81. H.U. 1806. Hentz, CAROLINE LEE, authoress, b. Lan caster, Ms., 1800 ; d. Marianna, Fla., Feb. 11, 1856. Dau. of Gen. John Whiting of the Revol. army, and sister of Gen. Henry. Be fore she was 13 she was the author of a poem, a novel, and a tragedy in 5 acts. Married in 1 825 to Prof. Hentz, while he was associated with Geo. Bancroftin the managementof a sem inary at Northampton. They resided for some years at Chapel Hill, N.C. ; whence they re moved to Covington, Ky., where Mrs. Hentz wrote for a prize of $500 her successful trage dy of " De Lara." They next resided in Cin cinnati, but in 1833 established a flourishing female sem. at Florence, Ala., which in 1843 they transferred to Tuscaloosa, Fla.; in 1848 fixed their residence in Columbus, Ga., and in 1852 at Marianna. Besides conirib. to various periodicals, Mrs. H. wrote " Lamorah," a trag edy ; the " Countess of Wurtemberg," a play ; and many elegant and beautiful prize poems and fugitive pieces. Her prose writings, upon which her reputation chiefly depends, place her in the first rank of female writers. In 1846 she pub. " Aunt Patty s Scrap-Bag ; " in 1848 " The Mob-Cap ; " " Linda," 1850 ; "Rena, or the Snow-Bird," 1851; "Marcus Warland " and " Eoline." 1852 ; " Wild Jack " and " Helen and Arthur," 1853 ; "The Planter s Northern Bride," 1854; "Love after Marriage," " The Banished Son," " The Victim of Excitement," " The Parlor Serpent," and " The Flowers of Elocution," 1856. Her last novel, " Ernest Linwood," appeared in 1855. Prof. N. M. HENTZ, who was a successful teacher of modern languages, and writer on natural history, b. France, d. Nov. 4, 1856, in Marianna, Fla. He was prof, of belles-lettres at Chapel Hill, N.C. Pub. " Tadeuskund, the last King of the Le- nape," 12mo, 1825. Hepworth, GEORGE HUGHES, Unitarian divine, b. Boston, Feb. 4, 1833. Camb. Theol. School, 1855. Pastor of the church in Nan- tucket from Sept. 1855 to 1857; of the Church of the Unity, Boston, Oct. 1858-70; now pas tor of the Church of the Messiah, New- York City. Chaplain of the 47th Ms. regt. Dec. 1862; and on the staff of Gen. Banks in La. in 1863. Besides sermons, he has pub. " Whip, Hoe, and Sword," a sketch of his army expe riences. Herbert, HENRY WILLIAM, cholar, sportsman, and novelist, b. London, April 7, 1 807 ; d. New York, May 17, 1858, by suicide. Son of Hon. and Rev. Wm. Herbert, Dean of Manchester, author of the poem "Attila," and second son of the Earl of Carnarvon. Educated at Eton and Caius Coll., Cambridge, where he grad. 1828. He came to this country in 1830, after experiencing a sudden reverse of fortune, and occupied a country-seat, " The Cedars," near Newark, N. J. Until 1839 he was a teach er of Greek in the classical school of R. T. Huddart, New York. He commenced with A. D. Patterson, in 1833, the American Monthly Magazine. His "Brothers, a Tale of the Fronde," a successful historical novel, appeared in 1834; followed by " Cromwell " in 1837; "Marmaduke Wyvil," 1843; "The Roman Traitor," 1848 ; and " Wager of Battle," 1855. An extensive series of sporting-volumes were pub. by him, under the nom de plume of " Frank Forrester," with the titles of " My Shooting-Box," " The Warwick Woodlands," "Field-Sports of the U.S.," "Frank Forrester and his Friends," 1840, "The Fish and Fish ing of the U.S.," 1850, "Young Sportsman s Complete Manual." Another series of vol umes covers many of his historical essays ; as " The Cavaliers of England, or the Times of the Revolutions of 1642 and 1688 ; " " The Knights of England, France, and Scotland ; " " The Chevaliers of France, from the Crusad ers to the Marechals of Louis XIV. ; " and " The Captains of the Old World, and the Captains of the Roman Republic." He was also the author of a metrical translation of the "Agamemnon" and " Prometheus " of Ms-. chylus, and of numerous critical papers in the Literary World and elsewhere. His latest work was the " Horse and Horsemanship of Amer ica," 1857. A man of fine talent and accom plishments, but of dissipated habits. Heriot, GEORGE, postmaster of British N. A. Author of " Descriptive Poem written in the W. Indies," 4to, 1781; " Hist, of Canada," 8vo, 1804; "Travels through the Canadas," 4to, 1807. Herkimer, JOHN, judge, b. Herkimer Co., N.Y., 1773; d. Danube, N.Y., June 8, 1845. Nephew of Gen. Nicholas H. He was major com. a batt. of N. Y. vols. in defence of Sackett s Harbor, May 29, 1813 ; many years judge of the Circuit Court; and M. C. in 1817-19 and 1823-5. Herkimer, NICHOLAS, brig.-gen., d. Dan ube, N.Y., Aug. 16, 1777, a. ab. 50. He was eldest son of J. J. Herkimer, a Palatine, and one of the original patentees of Burnet s Field, Herkimer Co., N.Y. He was made lieut. of militia Jan. 5, 1758, and com. Fort Herkirner during the attack of the French and Indians on the German Flats in that year. In 1760 he lived in the Canajoharie dist. ; in 1775 he was app. col. 1st batt. Tryon Co. militia, and was chairman of the county com. of safety ; Sept. 5, 1776, he was made brig.-gen. by the convention of the State ; and Aug. 6, 1777, com. the forces at the battle of Oriskany, where he received a ball which fractured his leg, and occasioned his death. Congress voted him a monument. Benton s Herlc. County. Hernandez (e f-nan -de th), FRANCISCO, Spanish physician and naturalist, b. Toledo. Commiss. by Philip II. to visit N. America. The result of his labors was a " Natural History of Trees, Plants, and Animals of New Spain," &c., 1651. He was the first European natu ralist to explore this region fcr the benefit of science. Hernandez, JOSEPH, maj.-gen., d. near Matanzas, Cuba, June 8, 1857. He was a prom inent Spanish citizen in the Terr, of Fla. at the time of its transfer to the U.S. ; its first dele gate to Congress, 1823; brig.-gen. militia, 1823 ; and subsequently a leading member and. HER 432 HET presiding officer of the Terr, legist. He was in the U.S. service from Nov. 1835 to May, 1837; brig.-gen. Fla. mounted vols. 1837-8 ; disting. under Gen. Jesup, and com. in affair with Fla. Indians near Mosquito Inlet, Sept. 10, 1837. He resided at St. Augustine. Herndon, WILLIAM LEWIS, a naval offi cer, b. Fredericksburg, Va., Oct. 25, 1813; drowned by the sinking of steamer " Central America," Sept. 12, 1857. He entered the na vy at the age of 15 ; served in the Mexican war ; and was 3 years engaged with his bro.- in-law, Lieut. Manry, in the Observatory at Washington. In 1851-2 he explored the Ama zon River under the direction of the U.S.Govt. A narrative of the exped. is contained in Hern- don s " Exploration of the Valley of the River Amazon " (1853), and in Part II. of the same work, by Lieut. Gibbon, who accompanied him during a part of the journey, 1834. In 1857 he was com. of the steamer "Central America," which left Havana for N. York, Sept. 8. Sept. 1 1 , during a violentgale, she sprang a leak, and sank on the evening of Sept. 12 near the outer edge of the Gulf Stream, in lat. 31 44 N. Heron, MATILDA, actress, b. Londonderry, Ireland. Came to the U.S. very young; be came the pupil of P. Richings ; and made her first appearance at the Walnut-st. Theatre, Phila., Feb. 17, 1851, as Bianca in "Fazio." After playing in San Francisco, she began a starring-tour in the summer of 1854 ; and was highly successful. Dec. 24, 1857, she m. Rob ert Stoepel, from whom she afterward separat ed. Apr. 1, 1861, she made her debut at the Lyceum Theatre, London, as Rosalie Lee in "New Year s Eve." Camille has been her favorite part ; d. N. Y. City, Mar. 7, 1877, a. 47. Herrera, JOSE JOAQUIN DE, a Mexican ?res. ; d. in the city of Mexico, May 15, 1851. le participated in many of the Revol. scenes in Mexico. Was elected prov. pres. Dec. 6, 1844, and soon afterward constitutional pres ident. He was in favor of the recognition of Texan independence, and opposed to the war with the U.S., and was charged by Paredes with seeking to dismember Mexico. The army pronounced against him; and he was deposed Dec. 30, 1845, and succeeded by Paredes. Her rera was excluded from military com. until the battle of Cerro Gordo (Apr. 18, 1847), in which he took part. He was again elected pres. (June 3, 1848), and endeavored to restore or der in the finances, but without success. He was succeeded by Arista, Jan. 15, 1851. He was a man of high personal character, and was very friendly to the U.S. Herrera, TORDESILLAS ANTONY, histo rian, b. Cuellar, Spain, 1549 ; d. Madrid, Mar. 29, 1625. He was first sec. to Vespasian de Gonzaga, viceroy of Valencia and of Navarre ; after whose death Philip II. app. him roy. his toriographer for the Indies. He was the au thor of " Ilistoria General de los Hechos de los Castf.Uanos en los I skis y Terra Firma de Mar Oceano," 4 vols. folio. This work relates all the transactions of the Spaniards in the W. In dies from 1492 to 1554. He also pub. a " Gen eral History of his Time, from 1554 to 1598," 3 vols. fol. At the time of his death, he had obtained from Philip IV. the brevet of the first vacant post of sec. of state. His History, trans lated by J. Stevens, was pub. Lond. 6 vols. 1740. Herrick, EDWARD CLAUDIUS, scholar, b. N. Haven, Ct., Feb. 24, 1811 ; d. there June 11, 1862. Son of Rev. Claudius. He received a good academical education, then engaged in book-selling; was librarian of Y.C. from 1843 to 1858, and treasurer from 1852 until his death. Since 1852 he had had charge of the triennial catalogue, supervised the college property, and held many important trusts in connection with municipal affairs. He paid great attention to entomology, meteorology, and astronomy. The Amer. Jour, of Science contains many valuable articles from him. He was learned also in bibliography, local history, and general litera ture. Yale Coll. Obit. Rec. Herring, JAMES, port.-painter, 27 years grand sec. of the grand lodge of Masons; d. Paris, France, 8 Oct. 1867. He excelled in his art, and in his thorough knowledge of masonic laws and usages. With Longacre, he illustrated Amer. Biography in the "National Portrait Gallery," 1834-9, 4 vols. 8vo, Phila. Herron, GEN. FRANCIS J., b. Pittsburg, Pa. Removing to Dubuque ab. 1856, he engaged in business there; org. and com. "The Govern or s Grays," with which he served in the 1st la. regt., and was disting. at Wilson s Creek ; raised the 9th la. regt., and was commis. lieut.-col. ; com. it in battle of Pea Ridge, and was wounded and captured in the second day s fight, but was soon exchanged ; and was made brig.-gen. July 16, 1862. He especially disting. himself in com. at the battle of Prairie Grove, Ark., Dec. 7, 1862, soon after which he captured Van Buren, Ark. Maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862. He took part in the capture of Vicksburg, and after ward in Gen. Banks s operations in La. After the war, practised law in N. Orleans, and held the office of U.S. marshal for La. Hersey, EZEKIEL, physician, b. Hingham, Ms., Sept. 21, 1709; d. there Dec. 9, 1770. H. U. 1728. After studying under Dr. Dal- houde of Boston, he established himself in his native town, and soon became famous. At his death, he bequeathed 1,000, and a like sum at the decease of his widow, for the support of a prof, of anatomy and surgery at H. U. ; and, by his influence, his bro., Dr. Abner, added 500 to the same fund. He also left funds for the establishment of an acad at Hingham. Dr. Hersey was eminently humane and benevolent. Thacher. Heth, HENRY, maj.-gen. C. S. A., b. Va. ab. 1825. West Point, 1847. Entering the 6th Inf., he became 1st lieut. in June, 1853; adj. in Nov. 1854 ; and capt. 10th Inf. 3 March, 1855; he resigned April 25, 1861; entered the service of Va. as a brig.-gen. ; maj.-gen. May 24, 1863 ; com. a division in A. P. Hill s corps in Va. ; engaged at Gettysburg, and in the campaigns of 1864-5 ; surrendered with Lee. Heth, COL. WILLIAM, Revol. officer; d. Richmond, Va., April 15, 1807. Wounded at Quebec, under Montgomery; made lieut.-col. 3d Va. regt. April 1, 1777; afterward com. that regt. to the close of the war, serving with Lin coln at the siege of Charleston. Received after HEW 433 the war a lucrative office from Washing ton. Hewes, GEORGE ROBERT TWELVE, one of the Boston Tea Party, b. Boston, Sept. 5, 1742 ; d. Richfield, Otsego Co., N.Y., Nov. 5, 1840. His education was scanty; farming, fishing, and shoemaking being his chief em ployments. He was excitable and patriotic ; took part in the various ante-revolutionary disturbances in Boston ; and engaged in the naval, and afterwards in the military service of his country during the Revolution. " Traits of the Tea Party," with a Memoir of Hewes, was pub. N.Y. 1835. Hewes, JOSEPH, signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Kingston, N.J., 1730; d. Phila. Nov. 10, 1779. Of Quaker parentage. He was educated at N. J. Coll. ; engaged in mercantile business in Phila., and ab. 1760 in Eden ton, N.C. Having been a member of the colonial legisl. in 1763, he was in 1774 sent as a dele gate to Congress. He was soon app. on a com. to " state the rights of the Colonies ; " aided in the preparation of its report ; and, though a merchant, entered heartily into the plan of non-importation. Mr. Hewes served with reputation on many of the most im portant committees during 1775-6. He was at the head of the naval committee, and in effect the first sec. of the U.S. navy ; declined a re-electbn in 1777 ; resumed his seat in July, 1779; but, his health failing rapidly, he re signed Oct. 29. Hewit, NATHANIEL, D.D. (Amh. Coll. 1830), Cong, clergyman and author, b. N. Lond., Ct., 28 Aug. 1788; d. Bridgeport, Ct., 3 Feb. 1867. Y.C. 1808. Teacher in the Plainfield Acad. ; licensed to preach 24 Sept. 1811; pastor at Plattsburg, N.Y., 1815-17; of the First Cong. Ch., Fairfield, Ct., 1818-27; was engaged the next 3 years in the temper ance reform, earning the title of " the Luther " of the early temperance reformation ; pastor 2d Cong. Ch., Bridgeport, Ct., 1 830-53 ; one of the founders in 1833 of the Hartford Theol. Institute ; pastor of the Old School Church, Bridgeport, 1853-62. Y. C. Obit. Record. Hewitt, ALEXANDER, D.D., pub. an " His torical Account of S. C. and Ga.," 2 vols., Lond. 1779 ; Sermons, Lond. 1803-5, 2 vols. 8vo. Hewitt (STEBBINS), MARY ELIZABETH, authoress, b. Maiden, Ms. Her father, a farm er named Moore, died when she was but 3 years old. Her mother removed with her to Boston, where Mary was m. to Jas. L. Hewitt, and established her residence in N.Y. In 1854 she m. R. Stebbins of N.Y. She is chiefly known by her poetry, which has appeared in various periodicals, and in a collection entitled "Songs of Our Land," 1845. In 1850 she edited " The Gem of the Western World " and the "Memorial," the latter a tribute to her friend Mrs. Frances S. Osgood. Also author of " The Heroines of History," 1856. Hewson, THOMAS TICKELL, M.D., an eminent physician, b. Lond. Apr. 9, 1773 ; d. Phila. Feb. 17, 1848. Phila. Coll. 1789. His father, Dr. William Hewson, d. when he was a year old ; and in 1786 he came with his mother to Phila. He studied medicine there, and as 28 house-surgeon at St. Bartholomew s, Lond.-. also in Edinburgh ; returned to Phila. in July, 1796; began practice; was physician to the Walnut-st. Prison from 1806 to 1818 ; rendered valuable service during a malignant epidemic in 1817-18; became prof, of comp. anatomy in the U. of Pa. in Dec. 1816 ; was its sec. and censor from 1802 to 1835 ; and pres. from July, 1835, to his death. Many years a surgeo n in the Phila. Almshouse; physician to the Orphan Asylum 1817-1837; surgeon of the Pa. Hospital 1818-35; and took a principal part in the formation and revision of the nat. pharmacopoeia. In 1822 he established a pri vate med. school, in which he taught anatomy and the practice several years. He was a mem ber or officer of many medical and philos. societies. He transl. Swediaur s " Treatise on Syphilis," Phila., 8vo,1815. See Obit. Notice, by F. Bache, Phila., 8vo, 1850. Hiacoomes, the first Indian convert to Christianity in N.E. ; d. ab. 1690, a. 80. He was at Martha s Vineyard when first settled by the whites in 1642, and was converted by Thomas May hew. He learned to read, and in 1645 began to preach to his countrymen with success. Aug. 22, 1670, an Indian church was formed there ; and Hiacoomes and Tackanash were ord. pastor and teacher by Eiiot and Cotton. He was faithful and successful, and was courageous in reprehending the Indians for worshipping their false gods and adhering to their powwows. Hibbard, FREEBORN GARRETSON, clergy man and author, b. New Rochelle, N.Y., Feb. 22, 1811. At the age of 18 he entered the ministry of the M.E. church, in which he has held several important stations ; and at a gen. conf. was chosen editor of the Northern Chris tian Advocate. Author of " Baptism, its Import, Mode, Efficacy, and Relative Order ; " " Ge ography and History of Palestine;" and the "Psalms Chronologically arranged, with Hist. Introductions, and a Gen. Introd.," 8vo, 1856. Hickok, LAURENS PERSEUS, D.D., LL.D., metaphysician, b. Danbury, Ct., Dec. 22, 1798. Un. Coll. 1820. He studied theology; was li censed to preach in 1822; and was pastor suc cessively at Newtown and Litchfield. Prof, of theol. in the W. Reserve Coll., 0., 1836-44. In 1844 he became prof, in the Auburn Theol. Sem. ; and in 1852 removed to Schenectady, N.Y., as prof, of mental and moral science ; president of Union College March 5, 1866-to July 20, 1 868. Besides occasional sermons, ad dresses, and contribs. to religious periodicals, he has pub. "Rational Psychology," 1848; "Mor al Science," 1853; "Empirical Psychology, or the Human Mind as Given in Consciousness," 1854; and "Rational Cosmology," 1858. Hickox, JOHN HOWARD, b. Albany, N.Y., 1832. Assist, lib. N.Y. State Library. Author of " Hist. Acct. of American Coinage," 8vo, 1858. Hicks, ELIAS, a disting. Quaker preacher, b. Hemps tead, L.I., Mar. 19, 1748; d. Jeri cho, L.I., Feb. 27, 1830. He early evinced un usual ability for public speaking ; at the age of 27 was a formally-recognized preacher ; soon became a leader, and was eminently successful. After many years preaching, and study of the 484 KIG Scriptures, he created a schism in the body, vrhich resulted finally in a permanent separa tion. The seceders, taking the name of their leader, were denominated Hieksites. Friend Hicks travelled extensively to advance his views, preaching wherever he went with great eloquence. He preserved his intellectual vigor till late in life, visiting, when 80 years of age, N. J., Pa., Md., Ohio, Ind., and the northern and western part of N.Y. Author of " Elias Hicks s Journal of his Life and Labors," Phila. 1828; "Sermons," 1828; "Observations on Slavery," 8vo, N.Y., 1811 ; "Doctrinal Epis. tie," written in 1820, pub. 8vo, 1824; and " Letters " on his doctrines, 12mo, 1824. Hicks, THOMAS, painter, b. Newtown, Bucks Co., Pa., Oct. 18, 1823. A descendant of the preceding. He was educated a Quaker. In 1838, after copying the casts in the Pa. Acad. of Fine Arts, he entered the Life and Antique Schools of the Nat. Acad. in N.Y., to whose ex hibition in 1841 he contrib. a picture of "The Death of Abel." For several years he painted portraits and compositions, residing in Europe in 1845-9. Establishing himself in Rome in the autumn of 1845, he painted, among other works, a half-length figure called " Italia." In the succeeding spring, on the last night of the Carnival, he was stabbed in the back with a stiletto while crossing the Piazza Colonna, and lay for many weeks in a critical condition. In June, 1848, he went to Paris; studied under Couture ab. a year; and, after a brief residence in Eng., settled in N.Y. City. He has since devoted himself principally to portrait-painting, but has occasionally produced landscapes and figure-pieces. Among his portraits is that of " Dr. Kane in the Cabin of The Advance/ " and a large picture of " The Contemporaneous Authors of America," in which the figures are of life-size. He pub. a Eulogy on Thos. Craw ford in 1865. Hicks, THOMAS HOLLYBAY, statesman, b. Dorchester Co., Md., Sept. 2,1798 ; d. Washing ton, Feb. 13, 1865. He worked on his father s farm, and received a plain education ; was member of the Const. Conv. of 1849 ; served often in the State legisl. ; gov. 1858-62 ; and was elected U.S. senator on the death of J. A. Pearce, and re-elected for the term ending in 1867. His firmness and patriotism helped to save Md. to the Union. When the 6th Ms. regt. was attacked, Gov. Hicks issued a procla mation, declaring that all his authority would be exercised in favor of the govt. Hicks, WHITEHEAD, lawyer, b. Flushing, L.I., Aug. 24, 1728 ; d. there Oct. 1780. Son of Thomas and Margaret. Studied law in the office of Hon. Wm. Smith ; adm. to the bar Oct. 22, 1750, and became one of the first in the prof. ; clerk of Queen s Co. Mar. 12, 1752- Feb. 28, 1757 ; mayor of N.Y. City, Oct. 1766- Feb. 14, 1776 ; and from that time to his death a judge of the N.Y. Supreme Court. O Cal- laghan. Hidalgo y Costilla (hi-dal -go e kos-tcl- va), Dox MIGUEL, a Spanish priest, the first leader in the Mexican war of independence, b. S. America in the latter part of the 18th cen- tuiy; shot at Chihuahua, Mex., 27 July, 1811. lu 1809 he held a valuable benefice at Dolores in Guanaxoato, and was superior in talent and education to the clergy in general in New Spain. He is said to have introduced the silk-worm, and to have promoted rice-culture in Mexico, contrary to the Spanish system of discouraging all manufactures or agriculture which could interfere with the revenue. He possessed great influence with the Indians, whom he had en deavored to educate, and, having formed a plan for a gen. insurrection, produced by his elo quent exhortations a general revolt against the Spanish Govt. Joined by Allende with a few Spanish soldiers, 10 Sept. 1810, on the 29th they took Guanaxoato ; and, entering Vallado- lid Oct. 20, Hidalgo was proclaimed generalis simo of the Mexican army. He advanced upon the city of Mexico with a large force ; and Vil- legas, the Spanish viceroy, having but a hand ful of troops, had recourse to the powerful aid of superstition, and procured from the arch bishop a sentence of excommunication against Hidalgo and his adherents. The awe thus in spired, together with the lack of ammunition, occasioned a retreat. Nov. 7 he was attacked and defeated at Aculco by Calleja, who fol lowed him to Guanaxoato, which he took, inflicting great slaughter on the insurgents, and Jan, 17, 1811, totally defeated him at the Bridge of Calderon. Become a fugitive, he was taken prisoner by Bustamente, one of his own officers, Mar. 21 ; was degraded from the priest hood, and put to death, persisting to the last in the belief that " the knell of the Spanish rule had been sounded." The people after his death regarded him as a saint. Higginson, FRANCIS, divine, b. Eng. 1 588 ; d. Salem, Aug. 6, 1630. He received his deg. from St. John s Coll. Cambridge, and settled at Leicester, where he soon acquired a high reputation for pulpit eloquence ; but he subse quently became a Puritan. He refused offers of many excellent livings on account of his opinions, and gained a support by teaching school. When the company of Ms. Bay be gan to form a plantation there in 1 628, they engaged Mr. Higginson to go thither and pros ecute his labors. Apprehending a summons to appear before the High Commission Court, he promptly acquiesced, and June 29, 1629, arrived in Salem harbor, entering upon the performance of his duties (July 20) as teacher of the cong. established there. In the succeeding year, in the general sickness which ravaged the Colony, he was attacked by a hectic fever, of which he ul timately died. He wrote an account of New Eng. entitled " A Short and True Description of the Discommodities and Commodities of the Country," reprint, in vol. i. of the Colls, of the Hist. Soc. of Ms. ; and an account of his voy age, which is preserved in Hutchinson d collec tion of papers. See Mem. by Rev. J. B. Felt in Geneai. Reg-., vi. 105. Higginson, JOHN, minister of Salem, Ms., b. Claybrook, Eng., Aug. 6, 1616 ; d. Sa lem, Dec. 9, 1708. He came over with his father, Rev. Francis ; after whose death he be came a teacher at Hartford, by which means he was able to assist his mother in the maintenance of her six children. He was employed by the magistrates and ministers of the Ms. Col. to take down in short-hand the proceedings of HIG 435 TTTT, the synod of 1637. In this he was assisted hy Giles* Firrain. The record of these proceed ings has never been printed ; but the MS. is known to have been in existence in 1743 (sGeHist. Mag. 2d ser. vol. iii. p. 26). He was afterwards chaplain of the fort at Say brook ; in 1641 went to Guilford as assist, to Rev. Henry Whitfield, whose dau. he m. ; and in 1643 was one of the " seven pillars " of the church there. In 1659 he sailed with his family for Eng., but, having put into Salem harbor on ac count of the weather, became pastor of the church which his father had planted ; was ord. in Aug. 1660, and continued there till his d. He was a zealous opponent of the Quakers, although he subsequently regretted the warmth of his zeal; bu the took no part in the witch craft delusion in 1692, and was a very popular preacher. He preached the Election Sermon 1663. He pub. other occasional discourses, also the attestation to the " Magnalia Ameri cana," with a narrative of the Mathers, and " Testimony to the Order of the Gospel in the Churches of N.E.," &c. Higginson, STEPHEN, merchant, b. Salem, Nov. 28, 1743; d. Boston, Nov. 22, 1828. De scended from Rev. Francis. He was bred to mercantile pursuits; and from 1765 to 1775 was an active and successful shipmaster. On a visit to Great Britain in 1774-5 he was called to the bar of the House of Commons, and ques tioned as to the state of feeling in Ms. Mem ber Cont. Cong. 1782-3; a firm supporter of Washington and Adams ; was navy agent for Ms. in 1797-1801 ; was one of Gov. Bowdoin s most active and resolute advisers in the sup pression of Shays s Rebellion ; and was lieut- col. of the regt. sent from Boston at that time. One of the most successful of the merchants of Boston for nearly a third of a century. In the war of 1812 he suffered disasters, and lost a large portion of his ample fortune. He m. Susan, dau. of Aaron and Susanna (Porter) Cleveland. The remarkable essays of" Laco," attacking John Hancock, were generally attrib uted to him. He wrote also a pamphlet entitled " An Examination of Jay s Treaty, by Cato " (Boston, 1795). STEPHEN, son of the preced ing, b. Nov. 20, 1770, d. Feb. 20, 1834. A Boston merchant and philanthropist ; steward of H.U. 1818-34. Habitually spoken of as the " Man of Ross " of his day, from his profuse charities. He was twice m. ; first to Martha Salisbury, and, after her death, to Louisa, dau. of Capt. Thomas Storrowof the British army. Higginson, THOMAS WENTWORTH, au thor, son of the preceding, b. Cambridge, Ms., Dec. 22, 1823. H. U. 1841. Harv. Theol. School, 1847. Minister 1st Cong. Church, New- buryport, 1847-50, and of a free church at WoVcester in 1852-8. He took an active part in the antislavery agitation of this period ; was wounded in the Anthony Burns affair; and was indicted with Parker, Phillips, and others, but was discharged, from a flaw in the indict ment. He aided in the organization of parties of free State emigrants to Kansas in 1856 ; was a brig.-gen. on "Jim" Lane s staff in the free State forces, and was cognizant of Capt. John Brown s movements. He has long been a leading contrib. to the Atlantic Monthly, and has pub. " Out door Papers," 1863 ; " Malbone, an Oldport Romance," 1869; "Array-Life in a Black Regiment," 1870 ; and has editecf Harvard Memorial Biographies, 2 vols. 8vo ; a new translation of Epictetus, 1865. He has contrib. to the N. Y. Independent, N. Y. Trib une, Boston Woman s Journal, and MacmiUan s Mag., London. A French translation of his- essay on the " Greek Goddesses " appeared in the Paris Revue Rritannique,Oct. 1869. In the slaveholders rebellion, he was col. of the first S. C. Vols., the first regt. of slaves mustered into the U.S. service; those raised by Butler at New Orleans not being slaves. He took and held the town of Jacksonville, Fla. ; was sub sequently wounded in an engagement on the Edisto River, and compelled to resign from dis ability in Oct. 1864. He has since resided at Newport, R. L, engaged in literary pursuits. In 1847 he m. his second cousin Mary, dau. of Walter Channing, M.D., and niece of the celebrated divine. Hildreth, EZEKIEL,, teacher and author, b. Westford, Ms., July 18, 1784 ; d. Wheeling, Va., Mar. 15, 1856. H.U. 1814. He was 42 years a teacher in Ohio, Va., Tenn., and Ky. He pub. a grammatical work, " Logopolis, or City of Words," a " Key to Knowledge," an " Essay on the Mortality of the Soul," and an "Address on Education," delivered before an Educational Conv. in Clarksburg, Va., in 1836. Hildreth, RICHARD, author and journal ist, b. Deerfield, Ms., June 28, 1807 ; d. Flor ence, July 11, 1865. H.U. 1826. His father, Hosea, was a Cong, clergyman. While study ing law in Newburyport, he contrib. to maga zines in Boston, where he practised until he began in 1832 to edit the Boston Atlas. In 1834-5 Mr. Hildreth resided on a plantation in the South. Here he wrote his antislavery novel " Archy Moore/ repub. and favorably received in Eng. In 1852 an enlarged edition appeared under the title of " The White Slave." In 1836 he translated, from the French of Du- mont, Bentham s " Theory of Legislation," 1840. His next work was " A History of Banks." After passing the winter of 1837-8 in Washington as corresp. of the Atlas, Mr. H. resumed his editorial post, advocated Har rison s election to the presidency, and wrote a pamphlet biography of his candidate. Aban doning journalism, he pub. in 1840, with the title of " Despotism in America," a vol. on slavery, to which, in the edition of 1854, was appended a chapter on " The Legal Basis of Slavery." He resided in Demarara, British Guiana, in 1840-3; and as the editor succes sively of two newspapers in Georgetown, the capital of the country, he earnestly advocated the system of free labor. His "Theory of Morals," Boston, 1844, and his " Theory of Pol itics," N. Y. 1853, were written in Guiana. Mr. Hildreth s principal work is his " History of the U.S.," 6 vols. 8vo, N.Y., 1849-56. He also pub. "Japan as it Was and Is," 1855. He was a liberal contrib. to various newspapers and periodicals, and to cyclopaedias and works of a similar character. For several years Mr. H. was one of the editors of the N.Y. Tribune. Among other controversial pamphlets from HIL 436 BOX, his pen is a Letter to Prof. Andrews Norton of Cambridge on " Miracles." In 1856 he com piled from Lord Campbell s work " Lives of Atrocious Judges." U.S. consul at Trieste from 1861 till compelled by ill health to relin quish the post. Appleton. Hildreth, SAMUEL PRESCOTT, M. D. (1805), historian and physicist, b. Methuen, Ms., Sept 30, 1783; d. Marietta, O., July 24, 1863. Descended from Richard of Cambridge, whod. Chelmsford,Ms.,1688,a. 76. He labored on a farm ; received an academic education ; and studied medicine with Dr. Kittredge of Andover. He began practice in N. II., but emig. to Ohio in 1 806 ; located himself first at Belpre, and finally, in 1808, at Marietta, where he was a successful practitioner. He was in the legisl. in 1810-11; was near 40 years a contrib. to Silli man s Journal, on meteorology, geology, and paleontology; and was in 1837 a member of the geological survey. His " History of the Diseases and Climate of South-eastern Ohio" was pub. in 1837 by the Cleveland Medical Society, of which he was pres. He pub. in the Hesperian, at Cincinnati, "A History of the Settlement of Belleville, Western Va.," in 1837 ; in 1848, "Pioneer History;" " Lives of the Ear y Settlers of Ohio," 1852 ; and con- tribs. to the Early Hist, of the N. West, 12mo. 1864. His valuable scientific library, and cabi nets of natural history and conchology, he gave to Marietta Coll. He contrib. much valuable biog. matter to the N. E. H. and Gen. Reg. See Gcneal. Reg., xviii. 100. Hill, AMBROSE POWELL, lieut.-gen. C.S.A., b. Culpeper Co., Va., 1824 ; killed in the as sault on Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. West Point, 1847. His father was for many years a leading politician and merchant in Culpeper Co. Entering the 1st Art., he became 1st lieut. Sept. 1851; resigned March 1, 1861. Engaged during the Mexican war at Hua- mantla, 9 Oct., and Atlixco, 12 Oct., 1847 ; and in Fla. against the Seminoles in 1849-50. From Nov. 1855 until his resignation, he had assisted in the U.S. coast survey. Made col. 13th Va. Vols., and attached to Johnston s army, he participated in the battle of Manassas. At the battle of Williamsburg, May, 1862, he was a brig.-gen. ; disting. himself, and was made a maj.-gen. He was prominent in the 7-days battles before Richmond; and gained a brilliant reputation for bravery, and skill in the handling of his troops. He was active in the succeeding campaign against Gen. Pope ; captured Harper s Ferry, Sept. 14, 1862; and, making a forced march, arrived at Antietam in season to take part in that severe battle. At the battle of Fredericksburg his division formed the right of Jackson s force, at Chan- cellorsville the centre, and participated in that flank movement which crushed Hooker s right. The death of Stonewall Jackson gave Hill the com., and he was soon after severely wounded, and for gallantry in this battle was promoted to lieut. -gen. (May 20, 1863), and placed at the head of one of the 3 corps of the Army of Va. He led his corps at Gettysburg; and in the affair at Bristow Station was repulsed with severe loss. In the great battles of the spring of 1864, next to Gen. Lee, he was the most prominent Confed. General. June 22, his corps with Longstreet s, repulsed the attempt on the Weldon Railroad. At the final attack on the South-side Railroad and the defences of Peters burg (March 29-April 2), Hill was active and indefatigable in his exertions to repel the Fed eral attack. In the struggle for the possession of the works in front of Petersburg, he was instantly killed by a rifle-shot. Hill, GEN. DANIEL HARVEY, b. S.C. ab. 1824. West Point, 1842. Entering the art., he became 1st lieut. March 3, 1847 ; was brev. capt. for gallantry at Contreras and Churu- busco, and major for Chapultepec ; resigned Feb. 28, 1849 ; was prof, of mathematics suc cessively in Wash. Coll., Lexington, Va., and Dav. Coll., N.C. ; and in 1859 became principal of the Milit. List, at Charlotte, N.C. Chosen May 8, 1861, col. 1st N. C. Vols., he com. at Great Bethel ; remained under Magruder at Yorktown ; took part in the battles of the Peninsular campaign ; and led the attack on Gen. Casey at Fair Oaks. He afterward com. the dept. of the Appomattox, having his head quarters at Petersburg, Va., and held the rank of maj.-gen. ; com. a division at Fredericks- burg and Chancellorsville ; attacked Fort An derson, opposite Newbern, N.C., 14 Mar. 1863, and was repulsed; and com. at Augusta, S.C., in Feb. 1865. He has pub. " Elements of Al gebra," a vol. on " The Sermon on the Mount," and one entitled " The Crucifixion of Christ." He was a bro.-in-law of Gen. T. J. Jackson, having m. a Miss Morrison of N.C. Hill, GEORGE, poet, b. Guillbrd, Ct., 29 Jan. 1796. Y.C. 1816. Son of Judge Henry. He was first employed in the U.S. land office at Washington, and entered the navy in 1827 as a teacher of math., in which capacity he made a cruise in the Mediterranean. On his return he became librarian of the state dept. at Washington; in 1839 was app. U.S. consul for the southern portion of Asia Minor, which he was soon obliged by ill health to decline. Returning to Washington, he became a clerk in the dept. of state, resigning in 1855. He pub. anonymously, in 1831, " The Ruins of Athens," with a "few short poems, reprinted with his name in 1839; d. Dec. 15, 1871. Hill, GEORGE H. (Yankee Hill), b. Bos ton, 1799; d. Saratoga, N.Y., Sept. 27, 1849. He first recited Yankee stories at the Warren Theatre, Boston ; and afterward played in Yan kee characters at the Park, N.Y., at the Lond. Adclphi in 1838, and in many other theatres with success. Brown s Ainer. Stage. Hill, ISAAC, politician and journalist of N.H., b. Cambridge, Ms., April 6, 1788; d. Washington, D.C., Mar. 22, 1851. His parents removed to Ashburnham, Ms. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to the pub. of the Arn- herst Calnnet. In 1809 he went to Concord, purchased the Amer. Patriot, changed its name to the N.H.. Patriot, and made it the organ of the Repub. party ; and its columns were supported by contribs. from the ablest men of the party, giving it for 20 years an immense influence. In 1828, after filling several posts in the State legisl., he was an unsuccessful candidate for the U.S. senate. In 1829 he was second compt. of the treasury; U.S. senator 1830-6 gov. 437 1836-9; U.S. sub. treas. at Boston 1840-1. In 1840, in connection with his two oldest sons, he established Hill s N.H. Patriot, which they pub. and edited until 1847. He also pub. the Farmer s Monthly Visitor for the last fifteen years of his life. His biog., speeches, and misc. writings, were pub. Concord, 1835. Hill, THOMAS, D.D., LL.D. (Y.C. 1863), clergyman and mathematician, b. New Bruns wick," N. J., Jan. 7, 1818. H.U. 1843. His father, a tanner by trade, was for many years judge of the Superior Court of Common Pleas. Both of his parents were English. Left an orphan at the age of 10 ; at 12 he was apprenticed to a printer; at 17, after a year s attendance at school, entered an apothecary s shop, and served in it 3^ years. He studied at the Cambridge Divinity School till 1845, when he was settled at Waltham. He is a Unitarian. In 1859 he succeeded Horace Mann in the presidency of Antioch Coll., Yellow Springs, Ohio; and in 1862-8 was pres. of H.U. Has been a frequent contrib. to the periodical and occasional literature of the day, having written poems, reviews, translations, and essays for the Christian Examiner, Religious Magazine, Phonographic Mag., N. A. Review, and Atlantic Monthly, and pub. sermons, lectures and ad dresses, and papers in " The Proceedings of the American Association for the Advance ment of Science." He has also written most of the mathematical articles for the New Amer. Cyclopaedia, an " Elementary Treatise on Arithmetic," " Geometry and Faith," and " First Lessons in Geometry." It is, however, in his investigations in curves that he has dis played the greatest originality and fertility. Appleton. Hill, THOMAS, landscape-painter, b. Eng. While very young, his parents settled in Taunton, Ms. Occupied many years as a carriage-painter and as a decorator of cottage furniture, he attained such repute, that he was made a partner in a furniture-house in Phila., in which he remained 12 years (1845-57) ; he in 1860 established himself as a portrait-painter in San Francisco, subsequently devoting him self to landscapes with brilliant success. After studying at Paris under Paul Myerheim, he in May, 1868, established himself in Boston, and now (1871) has a studio at Cambridge. He is well known by his California scenery. His masterpiece is a view of the Yosemite Valley. While in Cal. he painted the Trial-Scene from " The Merchant of Venice." Hill, WHITMELL, b. Bertie Co.,N.C., Feb. 12, 1743; d. Hills Ferry, Martin Co., N.C., Sept. 26, 1797. U. of Pa. He was a delegate to the congresses at Hillsborough and Halifax, 1775-6; was lieut.-col. of the Coventry militia, and delegate to the Cont. Congress in 1778- 81. Previous to 1785 he was frequently in the house or senate of N.C. Hillard, GEORGE STILLMAN, LL.D. ( Trin. 1857), lawyer, orator, and man of letters, b. Machias, Me., 22 Sept. 1808. H.U. 1828. His mother was a dau. of Gen. Stillman. He was associated with George Bancroft in the Round Hill Sem. at Northampton, Ms. ; was adm. to the Boston bar in 1833, and acquired an extensive practice ; was a member of the common council of Boston in 1845-7, and six months its pres. ; member of the State legisl. ; State senator 1849-50; city solicitor in 1854- 6 ; U.S. dist. atty. for Ms. 1867-70. In 1833 he conducted, with George Ripley, a weekly Unitarian paper, the Christ. Register. In 1839 he edited Spenser s works in 5 vols. 8vo, estab lishing his reputation as a scholar; in 1840 he pub. a translation of Guizot s Essay on Wash ington ; in 1843 he was the Phi Beta Kappa orator at Cambridge; in 1846 he delivered and pub. a lecture on the Connection between Geography and History, unfolding the princi ples of comparative physical geography ; in 1847 he delivered 12 lectures before the Lowell Institute on John Milton ; in 1852 he delivered the Eulogy on Daniel Webster before the city authorities of Boston ; and in 1853 edited the Webster "Memorial;" in 1856 he edited a selection from the works of Walter Savage Landor. He visited Europe, and in 1853 pub. his " Six Months in Italy," 2 vols. 12mo. He was some time an associate editor of the Jurist, and for several years a principal editor of the Boston Courier. He is also the author of " Life and Campaigns of George B. McClel- lan," 1865, and of an excellent series of school- readers now in general use. Besides the above, he has contrib. a Memoir of Capt. John Smith to Sparks s Amer. Biog. ; articles on Everett and Choate to the " New Amer. Cyclopedia; " and upon various subjects to the Christ. Exam iner, N. American Review, &c. Hillegas, MICHAEL, 1st U.S. treas.; d. Phila. 29 Sept. 1804, a. 76. Hillhouse, JAMES, LL.D. (Y.C. 1823), lawyer and senator, b. Montville, Ct., Oct. 21, 1754 ; d. N. Haven, Dec. 29, 1832. Y.C. 1773. William, his father (member of the council of safety during the Revol., 50 years in the State legist., 40 years judge C.C.P., member Cont. Congress 1783-6), d. Jan. 12, 1816, a. 87. A bro., James Abraham, a disting. lawver of N. Haven, d. July, 1822, a. 87. Y.C. 1 749. James practised law ; took an active part in the Revol. struggle ; and, when N. Haven was invaded by the British under Tryon, was corn, of the gbv/s guards; M.C. 1791-4; U.S. senator 1794-1810, and pres. pro tern, in 1800; corn- miss, of the school fund from 1810 to 1825, when he undertook to conduct the construction of the Farmington and Hampshire Canal. Treas. of Yale Coll. from 1782 till his death ; member of the Hartford Conv. He m. a dau. of Col. Melancthon Woolsey. He pub. a num ber of speeches. Hillhouse, JAMES ABRAHAM, poet, b. N. Haven, Sept. 26, 1789 ; d. there Jan. 4, 1841. Y.C. 1 808. Son of the preceding. He devoted several years to mercantile pursuits in N.Y., which led him to visit Europe in 1819. He m. in 1822, and retired to the beautiful rural spot called Sachem s Wood, where he was born, making literature rather an amusement than an occupation. He united vigor of thought to a brilliant fancy, an exquisite taste, and a cor rect and elegant diction. Some of his prin cipal poems are "Percy s Masque," first pub. in 1820; "Hadad," 1825; and "The Judg ment," delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society at New Haven, 1812. His literary Id, 438 productions were collected by himself, and pub. in 1839 in two vols. 12mo, under the title of " Dramas, Discourses, and other Pieces." Hilliard, D ADBERTEUIL, publicist, b. Rennes, France, Jan. 31, 1751. After exercis ing for ten years the profession of an advocate at St. Domingo, he returned to Paris, where he pub. " Considerations sur I jtat Present de St. Uomingue," 1776, 2 vols. 8vo, suppressed by a decree of council in 1777. In 1777-8 he visited the English Colonies during their struggle with the mother-country. His " Essais Historiques t Po/itiques sur les Analo-Amricains " appeared in 1782, 2 vols. 8vo, Bruxelles, and was con tinued under the title of " Essais Historiques et Politiques sur les Revolutions de I Amtrique Sep- tcntrionah," 3 vols. 8vo, 1783. Imprisoned in 1784 in consequence of his first publication, he soon recovered his liberty, and in 1789 re turned to St. Domingo, where some have sup posed he was assassinated. Biog. Univ. Suppt. Hilliard, FRANCIS, b. Cambridge, Ms., ab. 1808. H.U. 1823. Son of William, book seller of Boston. Judge of Roxbury Police Court ; commiss. and judge of insolv. for Norf. Co. ; author of " Digest of Pickering s Re ports ; " " Sales of Personal Property/ 8vo, 1 841 ; " Amer. Law of Real Property," 2 vols. 8vo, 1855; "Amer. Jurisprudence," 8vo, 1848; "Law of Vendors and Purchasers," 2 vols. 8vo, 1858 ; " Treatise on Torts," 2 vols. ; "Remedy for Torts; ""New Trials," 1866; "Law of Injunctions ;" Hilliard "on Mort gages," 2 vols., and on " Bankruptcy." Hilliard, HENRY WASHINGTON, politician and scholar, b. Cumberland Co., N.C., Aug. 8, 1808. S.C. Coll. 1826. He studied law, and settled in Ga., but in 1831 became a citizen of Ala., and was for 3 years a prof, in the State U. In 1838 he was elected to the State legisl. ; in 1842 was app. by Pres. Tyler minister to Belgium ; and was M.C. in 1843-51 : a vol. of his speeches was pub. in 1855. He opposed the Wilmot Proviso ; was a prominent advo cate of the compromise measures of 1850, and a secessionist in 1861. Hillsborough, WILLS HILL, Earl of, principal secretary of state for the Amer. dept. in 1768-71 and 1779-82, b. Fairford, Glouces tershire, Eng., 30 May, 1718 ; d. 7 Oct. 1793. He took his seat in the Irish house of peers in 1743; in the privy council in 1754; was first lord of trade 1763-6; postmaster-gen, in 1 766-8 ; and was made viscount, and earl of Harwich, in 1772. Hillyer, ASA, D.D. (Allegh. Coll. 1818), Presb. minister of Orange, N. J. (1801-33), b. Sheffield, Ms., 6 April, 1763 ; d. in N.Y. 28 Aug. 1840. Y.C. 1786. Ord. at Bottle Hill, N. J., 29 Sept. 1789. In 1837 he sided with the New School. Sprayue. Hilson, MR. and MRS. THOMAS, actors. Mr. H. was b. Lond., Eng., 1784; d. Louis ville, Ky., July 23, 1834. First app. at the Park, N.Y., as Walter in "Child, of the Wood;" in Phila. at Arch St., Sept. 11, 1832, as Dash- wood in " Know Your Own Mind." Mrs. H., formerly Ellen Augusta Johnston, was b. 1801 ; d. N.Y. City, Apr. 2, 1837. Made her debut at the Park Theatre, with which her parents were connected, Jan. 15, 1817, as Amanthis in " The Child of Nature ; " remained there until 1830; opened as. Lady Teazle at Walnut- st. Theatre, Phila., Sept. 12, 1831 ; married Mr. Hilson, Aug. 1825. The pair played an engagement at the Tremont Theatre, Boston, in 1827. Brown s American Stage. Hinckley, ISABELLA. See SUSINI. Hinckley, THOMAS, last gov. of Plym outh, b. Eng. ab. 1618; d. Barnstable, Apr. 25, 1706. Son of Samuel of Tenterden in Kent, and Sarah Hinckley, with whom he came to Scituate in 1635, and in 1639 removed to Barnstable. He soon became prominent in the affairs of the Colony ; was a clep. in 1 645 ; a representative in 1647 ; a magistrate and assist. from 1658 to 1680; dep.gov. 1680; gov. from 1681, except during the interruption by Andros, until the union with the Ms. Colony in 1692. He was also a commiss. on the General Board of the two Colonies from 1673 to 1692, when he became a councillor. Among the MSS. of the N.E. or Old South Church Library, which in 1866 were deposited in the Boston Public Library, are 3 vols. folio of papers collected by Gov. Hinckley. Hincks, SIR FRANCIS, C.B., a Canadian statesman, b. Cork, Ireland, 1807. Son of Dr. Hincks, a Presb. clergyman. Was educated at Fermoy and Belfast ; became a merchant; and in 1832 settled in Toronto, Canada. Under Lord Durham s administration he edited the Examiner with such talent and vigor, that in 1841 he was elected to parliament for Oxford Co., and was soon after app. insp.-gen. From July, 1851, until late in 1854, he was prime- minister of Canada. He again entered par liament in 1855, when he was app. gov. and com.-in-chief of the Windward Islands ; and in 1860-6 he was gov. of British Guiana. He did much to promote the construction of railways, especially the Grand Trunk Railway of Cana da. Min. of finance for the Dom. of Canada since 1869. Morgan. Hind) HENRY YOULE, geologist, b. Not tingham, Eng., June, 1823. Educated at Leipzig and Cambridge. Came to Canada in 1847 ; prof, of chemistry and geology, Trinity Coll., Toronto, since 1853. He accomp. the Red-river exploring exped. in 1857-8, his re ports of which have been pub. as a " Narra tive of the Canadian Exped.," &c., 1860. He explored a part of Labrador in 1861 ; edited the Journal of Science and Art 1852-5 ; and in 1861 began the Journal of Arts and Ma.nu.fs, In 1854 he received the prize of 100 for the best essay on the Means of preserving the Har bor of Toronto. Hindman, GEN. THOMAS C., b. Tenn., 1818; killed in Helena, Ark., Sept. 27, 1868. 2d lieut. of Mpi, vols. in the Mexican war, and was a Democ. M.C. in 1859-61. Member of the Charleston Convention of 1860. When the Rebellion broke out, he was made a brig.-gen. in the Confed. army, and promoted subsequently to maj.-gen. He first served under Buckner in Ky., and had command at Memphis. At New- tonia, his force of from 1 5,000 to 20,000 was put to flight by Gens. Schofield and Blunt. Hav ing collected his forces at Van Buren, Ark., he crossed the Arkansas with 25,000 men, and ad vanced in Dec. 1862 to Prairie Grove, where he 439 HIT was Icfeated by Gens. Blunt and Herron. Af ter the battle of Shiloh, in which he partici pated, and from which his commission of niaj*- gen. dated, he was transferred to Ark., and com. in that State during its occupation by Gen. Curtis. He com. a division in Folk s corps at Chickamauga. He went to Mexico after the peace, but returned to Helena in the spring of 1867, and was assassinated by one of his former soldiers. Hindman, WILLIAM, delegate from Md. to the Old Congress 1784-7, M. C. 1792-9, U. S. senator 1800-1 ; d. Jan. 26, 1822. Hinds, GEN. THOMAS ; d. Jeff. Co., Mpi., Aug. 23, 1840, a. ab. 65. Maj. com. Mpi. cav. vols. 1813; lieut.-col. com. 1814-15; disting. under Jackson at N. Orleans; U.S. brig.-gen. of militia for Mpi. Terr. July 7, 1815; M.C. 1 828-3 1. Gardner. Hinks, EDWARD W., brevet, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Bucksport, Me., 30 May, 1830. De scended from Judge John Hinckes of N. H. He moved to Bangor in Dec, 1846, to Boston in 1849, and now resides in Cambridge, Ms. Member of the Boston city council, and of the Ms. legisl. in 1855. A printer in Boston, and adjt, 8th M.V.M. ; 18th Dec. 1860 wrote to Maj. Anderson, tendering a vol. fdrce to aid ill defence of Fort Moultrie; 21 April, 1860, while en route to Washington with his regt., com. a party which saved the frigate " Consti tution " at Annapolis, and repaired the bridge and railroad at Annapolis Junction ; app. 2d lieut. 2d U.S. Cav. 26 Apr. 1861; lieut.-col. 6th Ms. Vols. 30 Apr. 1861; col. 16th May, 1861; col. 19th Ms. Vols. 3 Aug. 1861 ; brig.- gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 ; lieut.-col. 40th U.S. Inf. 28 July, 18G6; brev. col. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 18G7 for An- tietam; brev. brig.-geu. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 1866 for Petersburg, Va. ; retired 15 Dec. 1870. He participated in the action of Bali s Bluff ; the Peninsular campaign, until severely wounded at Glendale, 30 June, 1862 ; com. 3d Brigade, Sedgwick s division, in Pope s campaign, un til severely wounded at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862 ; com. 3d div. 18th corps (colored) 21 Apr.-8 July, 1864, in battle of Baylor s Farm, and assault on Petersburg, where he was again wounded ; afterwards prov. -marshal -gen. of Southern N.Y. and of Western Pa., being in capacitated by wounds from field-duty. Hinman, COL. BENJAMIN, Revol. officer, b. Woodbury, Ct., 1720; d. Southbury, Ct., Mar. 22, 1810. A quartermaster of a troop of horse in the exped. of Gov. Wolcott against the French in Canada in 1751 ; in 1755 a capt. in Goodrich s regt., and in the battle between Johnson and Dieskau ; lieut.-col. 3d regt. in 1758; lieut.-col. of a regt. of horse and foot in 1767, and col. in 1771; com. a regt. at Ticon- tleroga in 1775 ; at New York when taken by the British in 1776 ; left the army in ill health iu Jan. 1777. Hinman, ELISHA, capt. U.S.N., b. Sto- nington, Ct., Mar. 9, 1734; d. there Aug. 29, 1 807 . At 1 4 he went to sea ; was a capt. at 1 9 ; and for many years sailed to Europe and the Indies. He com. " The Cabot," under Com. Hopkins, early in 1776. One of the first cap tains app. by Congress (Aug. 13, 1776), he abandoned a lucrative profession, and devoted himself to his country. He successively com. " The Marquis de Lafayette," 20 guns ;*" The Deane," 30 guns ; the sloop "Providence ; " and " The Alfred," 32. Captured in the latter (Mar. 9, 1778), he was taken to Eng., and im prisoned, escaped, reached France, and on his return home was honorably acquitted for the loss of his ship. In 1779 he com. " The Han cock" with great success, and in 1780 "The Deane." In 1794 Pres. Adams tendered to him the com. of " The Constitution ; " but from his advanced age he declined. From 1798 to 1802 he was engaged in the revenue service. By the destruction of New London by the British, he lost all his property. Hinman, JOHN, LL.D., jurist, b. Fairfleld Co., Ct., 1802; d. Cheshire, Ct., 21 Feb. 1870. He was educated at an academy ; was adm. to the New Haven Co. bar ab. 1827; practised in Waterbury ; became a judge of the Superior Court in 1842, of the Supreme Court in 1850, and in 1861 chief justice. Hinman, ROYAL RALPH, politician and genealogist, b. Southbury, Ct., June 50, 1785; d. N. Y. City, Oct. 16, 1868. Y. C. 1804. Son of Gen. Ephraim. He studied law; practised nearly 30 years in his native county ; was sec. of state in 1835-42 ; and subsequently gave his attention to the history and antiquities of the State. He pub. several vols. of genealogies of the early settlers in the Hartford, Quinnipiac, and Pequod colonies. For the last 14 years he had resided in N. Y. City. Author of " His torical Collections of Ct. in the Amer. Revol./ 8vo, 1842; "Catalogue of the First Puritan Settlers of the Colony of Ct.," in 6 nos., Hart ford, 1852-8; "Official Letters between the Kings and Queens of Eng. and the Early Gov ernors of Ct. ; " also several volumes of Stat utes and Public and Private Acts. 1". C. Obit. Record. Hinton, JOHN HOWARD, an English cler gyman and author, b. Oxford, 24 Mar. 1791. He was a Baptist; preached at Reading, and af terward at Lond. He edited " The History and Topography of the U.S.," completed in 1832, in which he was assisted by several European and Amer. writers. An edition of this work, under the supervision of J. O. Choules, D.D., was pub., 2 vols. 4to, 1853. Mr. Hinton has also written " Memoirs of Wm. Knibb; " " The ology, or an Attempt toward a Consistent View of the Whole Counsel of God ; " " Elements of Nat. Hist. ; d. Bristol, Eng., Dec. 17, 1873. Hirst, HENRY B., poet, b. Phila. Aug. 23, 1813. Adm. to the Phila. bar in 1843, his youth having been passed in the study of law, frequently interrupted by mercantile occupa tions. Previous to his examination he pub. in Graham s Mag. several poems, which became very popular. He has pub. " The Coming of the Mammoth," " The Funeral of Time, and other Poems," 1845; " Endymion, a Tale of Greece," 1848 ; and " The Penance of Roland, and other Poems," 1849 ; d. Phil. Mch. 30, 1874. Hitchcock, COL. DANIEL, Revol. officer, of R. I. ; d. Jan. 1777, shortly after arriving at winter-quarters at Morristown. Y.C. 1761. A lawyer in Providence before the Revol., and lieut.-col. of militia ; com. a R. I. regt. at the KIT 440 siege of Boston in 1775; aud com. a brigade at Princeton, though suffering from the illness which carried him off. Washington took him by the hand on the battle-ground, and thanked him for this service before the whole army. Hitchcock, EDWARD, D.D. (Mid. Coll. 1846), LL.D. (H.U. 1840), clergyman and ge ologist, b. Deerfield, Ms., May 24, 1793; d. Amherst, Feb. 27, 1864. Principal of Deer- tield Acad. 1815-18 ; pastor of the Cong, church in Conway, Ms., 1821-5 ; prof, of chem. and nat. hfst. in Amherst Coll. 1825- 45 ; pres. of Amherst Coll. and prof, of nat. theol. and geol. 1845-54. He was app. State geologist of Ms. in 1830, of the first dist. of N.Y. in 1836, and of Vt. in 1857. Several years a member of the Ms. Board of Agric. ; and in 1850 was commiss. by the State Govt. to examine the agric. schools in Europe. He pub. an almanac 4 years (1815-18) ; a tragedy, " The Downfall of Bonaparte," 1815 ; and subsequently pub. more than 20 vols., be side numerous sermons, addresses, tracts, and articles in the scientific and literary journals. He pub. " The Geology of Ct. Valley/ 1823 ; " A Catalogue of Plants within 20 Miles of Amherst/ 1829 ; a prize essay on the " Wine- Question ; " " Lectures on Diet, Regimen, and Employment;" in 1850 the "History of a Zoological Temperance Convention in Central Africa;" "A Wreath for the Tomb," 1839; " Lectures on the Peculiar Phenomena of the Four Seasons," 1850; "Memoir of Mary Lyon," 1851 ; " Reports on the Geology of Ms./ 1833, 35, 38, 41 ; " Report on the Geol ogy of Vt./ 1860; illustrations of "Surface Geology," 1857 ; and the " Elementary Geol ogy," which has passed through 25 editions here, and several in Eng. His " Religion of Geology and its Connected Sciences," 1851, had a wide circulation on both sides of the Atlantic. He suggested as well as executed the geological survey of Ms., the first survey of an entire State under the authority of govt. in the world. The Amer. Geol. Assoc. (now the Scientific Assoc.) was originated at his suggestion ; and he was its first pres. Dr. Hitchcock was the first to give a scientific exposition of the fossil footprints of the Ct. Valley. " The Ichnology of N.E.," pub. by the Ms. legisl. in 1858, is chiefly a description and illustration of his own numerous collections. His last literary labor was his " Reminiscences of Amherst College." Hitchcock, ENOS, D.D. (B. U. 1788), minister and author, b. Springfield, Ms., Mar. 7, 1744 ; d. Providence, Feb. 27, 1803. H.U. 1767. Ord. May 1, 1771, colleague of Mr. Chipman of the Second Church, Beverly ; dis missed Apr. 6, 1780; chaplain in the *Revol. army. Installed at Providence, Oct. 1, 1783. He was a disting. preacher, and a friend and promoter of education. At his death he be queathed 82,500 for the support of the ministry in his society. He pub. " Catechetical Instruc tions and Forms of Devotion for Children and Youth ; " " Memoirs of the Bloomsgrove Fam ily ; " a work on Education, 2 vols. 12mo, 1790 ; discourses and sermons ; and Essay on the Lord s Supper. Hitchcock, ETHAN ALLEN, brig.-gen. D.S.A., and author, b. Vergcnnes, Vt., 18 May, 1798; d. Sparta, Ga., 5 Aug. 1870. West Point, 1817. Son of Judge* Samuel (who d. Burlington, Dec. 1813, a. 59) by a dau. of Ethan Allen. He was an officer of the milit. acad. in 1824; com. the cadets in 1829-33; capt. Dec. 1824 ; maj. 8th Inf. 7 July, 1838; lieut.-col. 3d, 31 Jan. 1842 ; col. 2d Inf. 15 Apr. 1851; resigned 18 Oct. 1855; maj.-gen. vols. 10 Feb. 1862; commis. for exch. of prisoners 15 Nov. 1862 ; commis. to revise the milit. laws and regulations 17 Dec. 1862. He served in the Seminole war ; was acting insp.-gen. on the staff of Gen. Scott in Mexico ; brev. col. for the battles of Contreras and Churubusco and brig.-gen. for Molino del Rey, 8 Sept 1847. He then travelled in Europe , and com the dept. of the Pacific in 1851-4. Author of " Alchemy and the Alchemists," 1857 ; " Swe- dcnborg a Hermetic Philos.." 1858; "Christ the Spirit," 2 vols. 1859 ; " Red Book of Ap- pin ; " Remarks on the Sonnets of Shak- speare ; " "Notes on the VitaNuova of Dante," 1866 ; and a mystical interpretation of " Colin Clout." Hitchcock, GAD, D.D. , minister of Pem broke, Ms., from 1758 to his death, Aug. 8, 1803, a. 85. H.U. 1743. He pub. Dudleian Lecture, 1775; sermons at anniv. of Plym outh, Dec. 1774, to a milit. comp. 1757, &c. Hitchcock, PETER, LL.D. (Mar. Coll. 1845), jurist, b. Cheshire, Ct., Oct. 19, 1781 ; d. Painesville, O., May 11, 1853. Y.C. 1801. Adm. to the bar in 1804; practised law in Cheshire; established himself at Burton, 0., in 1806 ; member of the Ohio Assembly in 1810; of the senate in 1812-16, and pres. of that body one session ; M.C. 1817-19 ; 28 years judge of the Supreme Court of 0., and a por tion of the time chief justice ; again a member of the Ohio senate in 1833-5, and a second time pres.; and in 1850 a delegate to the State Const. Conv. Patron and friend of the lead- ingbenevolent enterprises of the day. Hitchcock, ROBERT B., commo. U.S.N., b. Ct. 25 Sept. 1803. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1825 ; lieut. Mar. 3, 1835 ; com. Sept. 14, 1855 ; capt. 1861 ; commo. July 16, 1862. Attached to schooner " Shark," W. I. squad., 1827 ; com. steam-frigate " Merrimack," Pacific squad., 1858-60; com. steam-sloop " Susquehanna," and senior officer of the blockading fleet off Mobile, 1862-3; com. Norfolk Navy Yard, 1866; ret. 25 Sept. 1865. Hamersly. Hoadley, LOAMMI IVES, b. Northford, Ct.,1790. Y.C. 1817; And. Theol. Sem. 1820. Ord. 15 Oct. 1823; pastor of the Waldo Calvin- istic Church, Worcester, Ms., 1823-30; has had charge of several churches in N.E. ; since 1866, pastor at N. Haven.; assist, ed. " Comp. Comment, of the Bible ; " edited vol. 6 " Spirit of the Pilgrims," and many of the pubs, of the Ms. Sabb. School Soc. Contrib. to various religious publications. Allibone. Hoar, EBENEZER ROCKWOOD, jurist, b. Concord,Ms.,2lFeb.l816. H.U.1835. LL.D. 1868. Son of Hon. Samuel. Adm. to the bar 1840, and practised with great success. Ap pointed judge C.C.P. Aug. 1849; resigned 1855; judge Supreme Court of Ms. 1859-69; U.S. atty.-gen. Mar. 1869-July, 1870; joint high commissioner to treat with the British 441 HOD commissioners, Mar.-May, 1871. Disting. as a jurist, and a man of fine culture, great wit, and eminent social qualities. GEORGE F. HOAR, M.C. 8th dist. of Ms., is his brother. Hoar, JONATHAN, col. of a prov. regt. at Nova Scotia in 1755. Son of Lieut. Daniel H. of Concord, Ms., b. Jan. 6, 1708; d. 1771, on his passage from Lond. to N.Y. H.U. 1740. Lieut, in Waldo s regt. at the capture of Louisburg, 1745. Hoar, LEONARD, M.D. (U. of Camb. 1671 ), pres. of Harv. Coll. from Sept. 10, 1672, to Mar. 15, 1675; d. Braintree, Ms., Nov. 28, 1675. H.U. 1650. He m. a dau. of John Lisle, the regicide; was minister of Wenslead, Essex, until ejected for non-conformity in 1662 ; and, returning to Ms. in 1672, was for a time assist, to Thomas Thatcher at the South Church, Boston. He was deficient in governing power ; and, some influential men having arrayed themselves against him, the students made his situation so uncomfortable for him, that he was obliged to resign ; and his death soon fol lowed. Hoar, SAMUEL, LL.D. (H.U. 1838), law yer, b. Lincoln, Ms., May 18, 1778; d. Con cord, Ms., Nov. 2, 1856. H.U. 1802. His father, Capt. Samuel, a Revol. officer, and many years in the State legisl., as well as a county magistrate, d. June, 1832. The son was two years a private tutor in Va. ; was adm. to the bar in 1805 ; opened an office in Concord ; and was for 40 years one of the most eminent and successful practitioners in the State. Member of the Const. Conv. in 1820; State senator in 1825 and 1833 ; of the exec, council in 1845-6 ; State representative in 1850 ; and M.C. in 1835- 7. Sent in 1844 by the Ms. legisl. to S.C. to test the constitutionality of acts of that State authorizing the imprisonment of free colored persons who should enter it, his appearance in Charleston caused great excitement ; and he was expelled from that city, Dec. 5, 1844. On the same day, the legisl at Columbia passed resolutions authorizing the gov. to expel him. He was an active member of various religious and charitable societies, of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, Am. Bible Society, and of the Ms. Hist. Soc. He m. a dau. of Roger Sherman. Hobart, AARON, jurist, b. Abington, Ms., June 26, 1787 ; d. E. Bridgewater, Sept. 19, 1858. B.U. 1805. Becoming a leading law yer in Plymouth Co., he was State senator in 1819; M.C. 1821-7; member of the exec, council 1828-31 ; judge of probate from 1843 till his death ; and member of the State Const. Conv. of 1853. Author of "History of Ab ington," 1839. Hobart, JOHN HENRY, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1806), Prot.-Epis. bishop of N.Y., descended from Joshua, an early settler of Ms. ; b. Phila. Sept. 14, 1775 ; d. Auburn, N.Y., Sept. 10, 1830. N. J. Coll. 1793. Tutor there 1796-8. Ord. deacon 1798; priest in 1801; consec. assist, bishop of N.Y. May 29, 1811 ; bishop in 1816. In 1799 he was called to Christ Church, N. Brunswick, N. J. ; rector of St. George s, Hernpstead, L.I., from May to Sept. 1800; then assist, minister of Trinity Church ; sec. of the h. of bishops ; dep. to the conven tions of 1801-4 and 8, and, in the last two, sec. to the clerical and lay deputies ; and in 1816 rector of Trinity Church. He was activa in forming a theol. sera, in N.Y., in which in 1821 he was prof, of pastoral theol. and pulpit eloquence. He visited the Oneida Indians in 1818 and 1826. Among his publications are "Companion for the Altar," 1804; "Com panion for the Festivals and Fasts ; " " Com. panion for the Book of Common Prayer ; " " State of Departed Spirits; " " Communicant s Manual;" "Clergyman s Companion;" " Essays on Episcopacy ; " " Apology for Apos tolic Order," 1807 ; " Christian s Manual of Faith and Devotion ; " 2 vols. of " Sermons," Lond. 1824. In 1808 he began the Churchman s Magazine, a monthly. His posthumous works, with Memoir by Rev. Wm. Berrian, app. in 1833,3 vols. 8vo. "The Professional Years of J. H. Hobart," by J. Me Vicar, was pub. 12mo, 1836. Hobart, JOHN SLOSS, LL.D. (1793), jurist, b. Fairfield, Ct., 1738 ; d. Feb. 4, 1805. Y.C. 1757. Son of Rev. Noah Hobart of Fairfield. Member of the N.Y. Congress, and Aug. 1, 1776, one of the committee to draft a State constitution. In July, 1777, he became a judge of the N.Y. Dist. Court, and, after the war, one of the three judges of the Supreme Court. Elected U.S. senator for the term com mencing Jan. 1798, he resigned May 5, and was app. judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of N.Y. Hobart, NOAH, minister of Fairfield, Ct., from Feb. 7, 1733, to his d. Dec. 6, 1773, b. Hingham, Ms., Jan. 2, 1705. H.U. 1724. Grandson of Rev. Peter (Camb. U. 1629; settled at H. 1635), and son of David of Hing ham. He was many years engaged in con troversy with Dr. Johnson, Mr. Carver, and other Episc. clerygmen. He was a man of learning, of sound judgment, retentive memory. He pub. several controversial tracts and ser mons. Father of John Sloss Hobart. Hobble, SELAH R., first assist, postmas ter-gen. 1829-50 and 1853-4, b. Newburg, N.Y., Mar. 10, 1797 ; d. Washington, Mar. 23, 1854. He established himself at Delhi, Dela ware Co., in the practice of law, where he soon attained distinction, and m. the dau. of Gen. Root, with whom he was connected in business. M.C. 1827-9. Hobby, COL. SIR CHARLES ; d. Lond. 1714. Son of Wm. Hobby, merchant of Bos ton. He com. one of the Ms. regts., and was senior officer at the capture of Port Royal. Knighted for his fortitude at the time of the earthquake in Jamaica in 1692. Hobby, WILLIAM, minister of Reading, Ms., from 1732 to his death, June 18, 1765; b. Boston, 17 Aug. 1707. H.U. 1725. Son of John, and nephew of Sir Charles. He pub "Vindication of Whitefield," 1745; against Jona. Edwards s Dismission, 1751 ; " Self-Ex amination," 1746. Hodge, CHARLES, D.D., LL.D., clergy, man and author, b. Phila. Dec. 28, 1797. N. J. Coll. 1815 ; Princeton Theol. Sera. 1819. In 1820 he was app. assist., and in 1822 prof, of Orient, and Bib, literature, in the theol. sem. In 1840 he was made prof, of theol. In 1825 he founded the Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review, enlarging its plan in 1829, HOD 442 conducting it for more than 30 years. The most important of these papers have been twice reprinted, in the " Princeton Theol. Essays," 1846-7; and again in his "Reviews and Essays," 1857. His " Commentary on Romans " appeared in 1835 ; his " Const. History of the Presb. Church," and his " Way of Life," 1840-1. He has also pub. "Com mentaries on Ephesians and the Two Epistles to the Corinthians." Moderator of the gen. assembly of the Presb. Church (O.S.) in 1846, and one of a committee to revise their " Book ot Discipline " in 1858. His last work, "Sys tematic Theology," was published in 3 vols., 1871-72. Appleton. Hodgkinson, JOHN, actor, b. Manchester, Eng., 1767; d. Washington, D.C., Sept. 12, 1805. His parents kept a public-house; and John very early left home, and dropped his real name, Meadowcraft, on account of his pro pensity for the stage. He joined a strolling company, and, during a provincial tour by Mrs. Siddons, performed the principal characters in every play. He came to the U.S. in 1792; first appeared at the Southwark, Phila., in Sept., as Belcour in " The West-Indian ; " opened in the John-st. Theatre, N.Y., Jan. 28, 1793, in " The Dramatist." In 1795 was assist, manager of the Boston Theatre ; re turned to N.Y. in 1796; and was afterward manager of several other theatres. He wrote " The Man of Fortitude," and some minor pieces, and a narrative of the old American company of comedians. His wife, a Miss Brett, a disting. actress, d. Phila. Sept. 1803. Hoe, ROBERT, an ingenious mechanic, b. Leicestershire, Eng., 1784 ; d. Westchester Co., Jan. 4, 1833. He landed in N.Y. in 1803, when the yellow-fever was raging there, and caught the epidemic, but ultimately recovered. He first engaged in the business of a builder, which he relinquished for the manuf. of print ing-materials, and of the hand-press invented by his bro.-in-law, Peter Smith. Ab. 1823 he took the sole charge of the business, and great ly improved his presses. The business accord ingly increased ; but his own health had become so much impaired, that in 1832 he was obliged to retire from all connection with it. It was then taken by his eldest son, RICHARD MARCH (b. N.Y. Sept. 12, 1812), Matthew Smith, son of his first partner, and Sereno Newton. Ab. this time, the manuf. of saws, in which Richard M. Hoe had made important improvements, was added to the other business. In 1837 he went to Eng. to obtain a patent for an im proved mode of grinding saws ; and upon his return he was enabled by his observations there to improve materially upon the printing-ma chinery in use there, as well as in the U.S. In 1846, " Hoe s Lightning Press," so called from the rapidity with which it operates, was brought into use, and was patented July, 1847. The business, since 1841, has been conducted by the 3 bros., R, M., Robert, and Peter Smith Hoe. Hoey, MRS. JOHN (JOSEPHINE SHAW), ac tress, b. Liverpool, Eng., June, 1824. Dau. of John Shaw, musician and poet, sister of Mary and Rosina (Mrs. H. Watkins). First appeared at the Baltimore Museum in 1839, and in N.Y. at the National, W, E. Burton man ager. Re-appeared at Burton s Chamber-st. Theatre in 1849 ; and was leading lady at Wai- lack s Theatre in 1853-65. Mrs. H. is said to have originated the present extravagant style of costuming ; her wardrobe having been more gorgeous and expensive than that of any preceding actress. She m. W. H. Russell in 1839, by whom she had two sons ; was divorced in 1847 ; and subsequently m. John Hoey of Adams s Express Co. Brown s Amer* Stage. Hoff, HENRY K., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Pa. Midshipm. Oct. 28,1823; lieut. Mar. 3, 1831 ; comm. Nov. 29, 1853 ; capt. 1861 ; corn- mo. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. Apr. 13, 1867 ; com. frigate " Independence," Pacific squad., 1857; sloop-of-war "John Adams," 1858; steam-sloop " Lancaster," Pacific squadron, 1861-2; ordnance duty, Phila. 1864-7; com. N. Atlantic squad. 1868-9; and gained much Credit by his prompt and energetic measures to protect American citizens in Cuba from the injustice of Spanish officials. Hamerslu. Hoffman, CAPT. BEEKMAN V., U.S.N., b. Nov. 28, 1789; d. Jamaica, L. I., Dec. 10, 1834. Midshipm. July 4, 1805 ; lieut. May 21, 1812; com. Mar. 5, 1817 ; capt. Mar. 7, 1829. It was his good fortune to serve as a lieut. on board the frigate " Constitution " (" Old Iron sides") in all her celebrated battles, and, though signally disting. in each by seamanship and bravery, coming out of the fight un wounded. His first service was in " The Argus," Capt. Trippe. He was instrumental in the victories over the " Guerriere," " Java," " Cyane," and " Levant." Hoffman, CHARLES FENNO, author, b. N.Y. 1806. Son of Judge J. O. Hoffman. Sent to an acad. at Poughkeepsie, he ran away to escape harsh treatment. In 1817 he was obliged to submit to amputation of a leg. This did not prevent his becoming a proficient in manly sports, in which, on entering Col. Coll., he was more noted than for scholarship. Adm. to the bar at the age of 21, he practised 3 years, during which time he made contribs. to literature, and became associated with Charles King in the editorship of the N.Y. American. In 1833 he went to the West for his health, and pub. a series of letters entitled " A Winter in the West," 1835 ; also " Wild Scenes in the Forest and the Prairie," 1837 ; and " Greyslaer," 1840. In Dec. 1832 Hoffman established the Knickerbocker Mag., of which he edited several numbers. He afterwards edited the American Monthly Mag. and the N. Y. Mirror. In 1842 a volume of his lyrics was pub., entitled " The Vigil of Faith and other Poems : " a more complete edition appeared in 1845, entitled "Love s Calendar." "The Echo, or Borrowed Notes for Home Circula tion," was the title of a second vol. of poetry. In 1847-8 he edited the Literary World, and, after leaving that journal, contrib. to it a num ber of essays and stories, entitled " Sketches of Society," A mental disorder has since 1850 kept him in complete retirement from the world. He possessed fine social qualities, con versational powers of a high order, taste, schol arship, and a chivalrous personal character; a new edition of his poems, ed. by his nephew, Ed. F. Hoffman, was pub. in 1874. Appleton. 443 HOL Hoffman, DAVID, LL.D. (U. of Oxf.), lawyer and writer, b. Baltimore, Dec. 25, 1 784 ; d. N.Y. City, Nov. 11, 1854. From 1817 to 1 836 he was prof, of law in the U. of Md., during which time he pub. many works on jurisprudence. After retiring from his profes sorship, he travelled for two years in Europe ; practised law in Phila. until 1847 ; when he again visited Europe for literary purposes, re turning to Amer. in Dec. 1853. His principal work on jurisprudence is entitled " A Course of Legal Study/ 1836. His "Legal Out lines," of which but one vol. ever appeared, has also been commended as a text-book. His last publication is "Chronicles selected from the Originals of Cartaphilus, the Wandering Jew," 1855. Among his publications are " Miscellaneous Thoughts on Men, Manners, and Things," by Anthony Grumbler," 1837; " Viator, a Peep into my Note-Book," 1841 ; " Legal Hints," 1846. He received the degree of Juris Utri. Doct. from Gottingen, besides other hon. degrees from learned societies. Duyckinck. Hoffman, JOHN T., gov. of N.Y. 1869-72, b. Sing Sing, N.Y., 10 Jan. 1828. Un. Coll. 1846. Adm. to the bar in Jan. 1849 ; acquired an extensive practice in N.Y. City ; connected himself with Tammany Hall in 1854; was elected recorder of the city in 1860 and 1863, rendering himself conspicuous for his severity to the rioters of July, 1863 ; was elected mayor in 1865, and re-elected in 1867; Democ. can didate for gov. in 1866, but was defeated by Mr. Fenton. Hoffman, MICHAEL, financier, b. Clifton Park, N.Y., 1788 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Sept. 27, 1848. He was educated a physician, but stud ied law, and became a resident of Herkimer Co., where his talents soon gave him a prom inent standing. M.C. 1824-32, and chairman of the committee on naval affairs. He was a canal commissioner from 1833 to 1835 ; a mem ber of the House of Assembly in 1841-2 ; and was a delegate to the Const. Conv. in 1846. As chairman of the com. of ways and means in the Assembly, and of the finance committee of the convention, he initiated and carried through many important financial reforms. Mr. Hoffman was a powerful and effective debater, a statesman in the strongest sense of the term. He was some time naval officer in N.Y. City. Hoffman, OGDEN, lawyer, b. N. Y. City, 1795 ; d. May 1, 1856. Col. Coll. 1812. Son of Josiah Ogden, one of the most eminent members of the N.Y. bar when Hamilton, Scott, and Emmet adorned it ; was recorder of N.Y. City during the war of 1812-15 ; and at his death, Jan. 24, 1837, was on the bench of the Supreme Court. Bro. of Charles Fenno Hoffman. After three years service as a mid shipman, during which he was captured in the "President," Com. Decatur, he studied law; commenced practice in Orange Co. ; and was app. dist.-atty., but removed to the city in 1826, and became a partner of Hugh Maxwell, soon after which he disting. himself as assist, in the prosecution of the famous conspiracy cases. Member of the legisl. in 1828; dist.-atty. in 1829-35; was app. U.S. dist-atty. by Gen. Harrison; was M.C. in 1837-41, and disting by his eloquence ; in 1848 he was again elected a member of Congress; and in 1854atty.-gen. of the State. Mr. Hoffman was a most power ful pleader before a jury; and was employed for more than a score or years in all the most important criminal trials of the city ; and was a recognized leader of the Whig party. Hogan, JOHN, b. Mallow, Co. Cork, Ire land, Jan. 2, 1805 ; came to Baltimore in 1817 ; was apprenticed to a shoemaker ; emigrated West in 1826; in 1831 opened a store in Madison Co., 111. ; member legisl. 1836 ; regis ter land-office, Dixon, 111., 1841-5 ; after ward settled as a merchant in St. Louis, Mo. ; postmaster of St. Louis 1857-61 ; M.C. J865- 7. Author of " Resources of Missouri," and of "Commerce and Mauufs. of St. Louis." Hoge, MOSES, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1810), president of Hamp. Sidney Coll., Va. (1807- 20), b. Cedar Creek, Va., 15 Feb. 1752; d. Phila. July 5, 1820. He completed his studies at Liberty Hall Acad. 1780; was ord. pastor of Hardy, Va,, 13 Dec. 1782; and in 1787 re moved to Shepherdstown. Author of " The Christian Panoply," 1799, a reply to Paine s " Age of Reason." A vol. of his sermons was pub. in 1821. His son, Rev. SAMUEL DA VIES HOGE, prof, of natural sciences in the U. of Ohio, d. Athens, O., Dec. 25, 1826, a. 33. Hoit, ALBERT GALLATIN, portrait-painter, b. Sandwich, N.H., Dec. 13, 1809 ; d. Wes ; Roxbury, Ms., Dec. 18, 1856. Dartm. Coll. 1829. Son of Gen. Daniel of Sandwich, N.H. Though portraits were his specialty, many a sketch made in his N. Hampshire retreat at in tervals of recreation attests the genuine com munion he held with universal nature. He painted in Portland, then in Bangor and Bel fast, and at St. John, N. B., but settled at Boston in 1839. From Oct. 1842 to July, 1844, he was in Europe. Holbo-urne, FRANCIS, com.-in-chief in N. Amer. 1756-7; d. July, 1771. Gov. of Green wich Hospital. Capt. R. N. 15 Feb. 1740; commo. in the W. Indies 1750; adm. 1755; rear-adm. and lord of the admiralty in 1770. Holbrook, JAMES, journalist ; d. Brook lyn, Ct., Apr. 28, 1864, a. 52. Special agent U.S. post-office (1845-64); editor Norwich Au rora, Patriot and Eagle, U. S, Mail ; and au thor of " Ten Years among the Mail-Bags," 1855. Remarkably skilful and expert as a de tective, he brought every considerable mail- robber to justice. Holbrook, JOHN EDWARDS, M.D., natu ralist, b. Beaufort, S.C., 30 Dec. 1794; d. Nor folk, Ms., 8 Sept. 1871. B. U. 1815. He early removed to Ms. with his parents, natives of Wrentham, Ms. Received his medical diploma from the U. of Phila., and continued his pro fessional studies in London and Edinburgh. He spent two years in Italy, Germ an v, and Paris, where he resided in the Jardin des Plantes, He established himself in Charleston, S.C., in 1822; and in 1824 was chosen prof. of anatomy in the Med. Coll. of S. C. His most important work is the " American Her- petology, or a Description of Reptiles inhab iting the U. S.," 5 vols. Phila. 1842. His work on " Southern Ichthyology " was discon- 444 HOJL tinned after two numbers the field being too extensive for his survey, as he made all his drawings from life. He was subsequently em ployed on the "Ichthyology of S.C." During the Rebellion, he was forced to serve as a sur geon in a S.C. regt. He was the pupil of Cuvier, and the friend of Agassiz. Holbrook, SILAS PINCKNEY, writer, b. Beaufort, S.C., June 1, 1796; d. Pineville, S. C., May 26, 1835. B. U. 1815. Son of Silas, a teacher at Beaufort, S.C., and bro. of John E. He studied law in Boston, and prac tised at Medfield, Ms. He was one of the most popular contributors to the N. E. Galaxy and Boston Courier, to which he furnished sketches entitled " Letters from a Mariner and Travels of a Tin Peddler," by Jonathan Farbinck ; and very amusing " Letters from a Boston Mer chant; " and "Recollections of Japan and Chi na." These, with other pieces, were pub. as "Sketches by a Traveller," 1834. He also wrote the European portion of Peter Parley s " Pictorial Geogi aphy," and for a while con ducted the Boston Tribune, and an amusing pa per called the Spectacles. Duyckinck. Holcombe, AMASA, A.M. (Wms. Coll.), scientist, b. Granby, Ct. (now South wick, Ms.), June 18, 1787. His ancestor Thomas came to Dorchester ab. 1631 ; d. Windsor, Ct., Sept. 7, 1657. His father was a farmer, and he received only a dist.-school education. At 19 he made surveyors compasses for his own use ; and at 20 began the compilation of almanacs, which he pub. several years. At 27 he taught surveying, civil engineering, and astronomy; and in 1826 became a civil engineer. He made in 1828 his first telescope, and until 1842 had no Ameri can competitor. For his skill, he received in 1835 the "Scott Legacy" from the city of Phi la. ; a silver medal from the Franklin Inst., Phila., in 1838; a gold medal from the Amer. Inst., N. Y. City, 1839; and a diploma from the same in 1840. For 3 years he represented Southwick in the house; and in 1852 in the senate of Ms. Holcombe, HENRY, D.D. (B. U. 1800), Baptist clergyman, b. Pr. Edward Co., Va., Sept. 22, 1762; d. Phila. May 22, 1824. Af ter serving as a capt. in the Revol. war, he com menced preaching ; Sept. 11, 1785, became pas tor of a Bap. church at Pipe Creek, S.C. ; and was a member of the S.C. Conv. which ratified the Const, of the U. S. In 1794 he became pastor of the church at the Eutaw, in Beaufort dist. ; in 1799 he removed to Savannah, and was pastor of the church there in 1800-10. He then retired to Mount Enon, where he founded a Baptist academy. Settled over the First Bap. Church in Phila. from 1811 to his d. He pub. "Funeral Discourse on the Death of Washington," "Lectures on Primitive Theology," 1822. Holcombe, WILLIAM FREDERIC, M.D., b. Sterling, Ms., Apr. 2, 1827. Alb. Med. Coll. 1 850. Son of Augustine H., and pupil of Prof. March. After several years study in Europe, he came to New York, and was app. to the chair of ophthalmic and aural surgery in the N.Y. Med. Coll. He is surgeon to the N. Y. Ophthalmic Hospital. Sec. and librarian N.Y. Geueal. ancl Biog. Society. Holden. OLIVER, composer and teacher of music; d. Cnarlestown, Ms., Sept. 4, 1844. A carpenter by trade. He afterward kept a music bookstore, and composed many excellent tunes, among them " Coronation." Author of " The Amer. Harmony," 1793; "Union Harmony," a coll. of sacred music ; " Worcester Coll. of Sacred Harmony," 1797 ; and, with S. Holyoke and H. Grame, " The Ms. Compiler," 1795 ; b. Shirley, Ms., Sept. 18, 1765. Holland, EDWIN CLIFFORD, poet and essayist, b. Charleston, S.C., ab. 1793 ; d. Sept. 11, 1824. Educated for the bar, he adopted a literary career; pub. a vol. of poems in 1813 ; afterward edited the Charleston Times, and wrote for magazines; and in 1818 dramatized " The Corsair" of Lord Byron. Assoc. with William Crafts and Henry J. Farmer in edit ing " The Omnium Botherum," intended to satirize " The Omnium Gatherum " edited by Thomas Bee. Holland, ELIHU G,, author, b. of N. Eng. parentage, Solon, N.Y., Apr. 14, 1817. He has pub. " The Being of God and the Immor tal Life," 1846 ; " Reviews and Essays," 1849 ; "Essays," 1852; a drama in 5 acts, entitled "The Highland Treason ;" and in 1853 "A Memoir of Rev. Joseph Badger." Duyc kinck. Holland, REV. FREDERIC WEST, b. Bos ton, June 22, 1811. H. U. 1831 ; Camb. Theol. School, 1834. Has devoted himself to missionary labors. On his return from foreign travel in 1850, he pub. a book on Palestine for children, and a series of descriptive letters in Gleason s Pictorial. He has also lectured ex tensively ; has read several papers before the N. E. H. Geneal. Soc. ; and has contrib. to the leading reviews and magazines. Duyckinck. Holland, GEORGE, comedian, b. near Lon don, Dec. 6, 1791 ; d. N.Y. City, 19 Dec. 1870. First app. in Lond.at the Olympic in 1820; at the Bowery, N.Y., in Sept. "l826; was in the South in 1835-43 ; was a long time the princi pal low comedian at Wallack s old theatre, N.Y. ; visited England in 1861 ; resumed his place in Wallack s company, but in 1869 went to Daly s Fifth-av. Theatre. He was one of the best of the comic actors of the old school, and was honorable and exemplary in all the relations of life. A Memoir of him was pub. in 1871, 8vo, N.Y. Holland, JOSIAH GILBERT, M.D. (" Tim othy Titcomb"), author and journalist, b. Belchertown, Ms., July 24, 1819. Having practised medicine for a short time, and after wards ed. a literary journal for a few months, he passed a year in Vicksburg as supt. of its public schools. In May, 1849, he became assoc. editor of the Springfield Republican, with which he was connected until 1866; in 1870 he became editor of Scribner s Monthly. He has pub. "History of Western Ms.," 1855; " The Bay Path," a novel, 1857 ; " Timothy Titcomb s* Letters to the Young," 1858; " Bit ter Sweet," a dramatic poem, 1858; "Gold Foil," 1859; "Miss Gilbert s Career," 1860; " Letters to the Joneses," 1863 ; " Lessons in Life," 1861; "Plain Talk on Familiar Sub- jects," 1865; "Life of Pres. Lincoln," 1866; "Kathrina," a poem, 1867. Ho has contrib* HOL 445 HOL to various magazines, and is a successful public lecturer. Holley, HORACE, LL.D., an eloquent preacher and an eminent instructor, b. Salisbury, Ct., Feb. 13,1781; d. July 31,1827. Y.C.1803. Abandoning the study of the law for that of divinity, he was in Sept. 1805 ord. at Green field Hill, Fairfield. In 1809-18 he was pas tor of Hollis-st. Ch., Boston. Educated under Dr. Dwight in the Calvinistic faith, he after wards became a Unitarian. Pres. of Transylv. U., Ky., 1818-27. A plan was formed of erect ing a scm. in La. to be placed under his charge ; but while at N. Orleans in the summer of 1827 he was taken sick, and, having embarked for N.Y., died on the passage. He pub. some ad dresses and discourses, and contrib. to periodi cals. His widow, MARY AUSTIN, d. New Orleans, Aug. 2, 1846. In 1831 she emig. to Texas under the protection of General S. T. Austin, and published a History of Texas, 12 mo, 1833 ; also a Memoir of her hus band. Holley, ORVILLE LUTHER, editor, bro. of Rev. Horace, b. Salisbury, Ct., May 19, 1791; d. Albany, N.Y., Mar. 25, 1861. H.U. 1813. He studied law in N. Y. ; practised successively in Hudson, Canandaigua, and N.Y. City; and edited in succession the Anti-Masonic Mag. in New York, the Troy Sentinel, the Ontario Re pository, the Albany Daily Advertiser, and for some years edited the State Register. In 1853 he arranged and indexed 23 folio vols. containing the papers of Gov. George Clinton. He was surveyor-gen, of the State in 1838; and during the last 10 years of his life was occupied in the office of the N.Y. sec. of state. He wrote a "Life of Franklin;" "Description of N. Y. City," 18mo, 1847. Hollins, GEORGE N., naval officer, b. Baltimore, Md., Sept. 20, 1799. Midshipm. Feb. 1, 1814, and, with the officers and crew of the sloop-of-war " Erie," assisted in the de fence of the capital. He was on board " The President," Com. Decatur, when she was taken by the British, and remained a prisoner-of-war at Bermuda until the peace. He disting. him self under Decatur in the Algerine war ; at its close took com. of an E. India merchantman. Lieut. Jan. 13, 1825; com. Sept. 8, 1845; capt. Sept. 14, 1855. The bombardment and de struction of the town of San Juan de Nicaragua or Grey town in 1852 gave him much notoriety. In 1861 he resigned ; entered the Confed. navy; was made commodore; and Oct. 11, with the iron-clad ram and gun-boat " Manassas," and a fleet of vessels, attacked the U.S. block, squad, at the passes of the Mpi., doing slight damage, and claiming an important victory. For this achievement he received the app. of flag-capt, of the N. Orleans naval station ; su perseded in the com. previous to the cap. of N. Orleans, by Adm. Farragut in Apr., 1862. Hollis, THOMAS, a benefactor of Harv. Coll., b. Eng. 1659; d. London, Feb. 1731. He was a Baptist ; was for many years a suc cessful merchant in London, and, after making two considerable donations to Harv. Coll., gave in 1721 the fund by which the Hollis Pro fessorship of Divinity was constituted. In 1 727 he established also a professorship of mathemat ics and nat. philos. ; and the net produce of hia donations amounted at that time to 4,900. He also gave books for the library, and a set of Hebrew and Greek types for printing. His nephew and heir, THOMAS HOLLIS (d. 1735), also gave money, books, and philosophical ap paratus; and his son s (THOMAS) donations to the coll. amounted to nearly 2,000. Other members of this family were also benefactors of H.U. Bfollister, GIDEON HIRAM, commis. to Hayti. Y. C. 1840. Author of "Mount Hope," an hist, romance, N.Y. 1851 ; "Hist, of Connecticut," 2 vols. 8vo, 1855 ; " Thomas & Becket," a tragedy ; and other poems. Holman, JOSEPH GEORGE, dramatist and actor, b. London, 1764 ; d. Rockaway, L. L, Aug. 24, 1817. Descended from Sir John Holman, bart. He was educated at Queen s Coll. Oxford, with a view to the church, but, having a taste tor the stage, made his debut at Covent Garden, as Romeo, Oct. 26, 1784. He played there successfully 3 years, and after wards in Ireland and Scotland. In London he was a powerful rival of Kenable. He came to the U.S., where he was highly successful, and became manager of the Charleston Theatre. In 1812 he played Lord Townley at the Park, N. Y., and at the Chestnut Street, Phila., a finished performance. Financial embarrassment and the unhealthiness of the climate obliged him to leave that city; and he d. while on his way to New York, of yellow-fever. His last wife, a Miss Lattimer, to whom he was m. two days before his d., was an actress and singer, and d. New York, Sept. 1, 1859. His dramat ic productions are, " Abroad and at Home," " Red-cross Knights," " Votary of Wealth," " What a Blunder!" "Love gives the Alarm," and " The Gazette Extraordinary." Holmes, ABIEL, D.D. (Edinb. U.), LL.D. (All. Coll. 1822), divine and author, b. Wood stock, Ct., Dec. 24, 1763; d. Cambridge, Ms., June 4, 1837. Y.C. 1783. Son of Dr. David, who served as a surgeon in 3 campaigns in the French and 4 in the Revol. war, d. 1779. Tutor at Yale 1786-7; pastor of a Cong. church at Midway, Ga., Nov. 1785, to June, 1791; and of the First Church, Cambridge, Jan. 25, 1792, to Sept. 26, 1832. Son-in-law of Dr. Stiles, who beq. to him his rich colls, of Amer. history. He ed. (Stiles) Family Tablet, 1796 ; pub. his valuable " Annals of America," 2 vols. 8vo, 1805, and an improved ed. 1829 ; "Life of President Stiles," 1798 ; also some 30 sermons and historical disquisitions ; and contrib. papers to the Collects, of the Ms. Hist. Society, among which are " A Memoir of the French Protestants," and "A History of Cambridge." In 1817 he gave a course of lectures on tha Eccl. History of the Country, especially N.E. The poet Dr. 0. W. Holmes is his son by Sarah, dau. of Hon. O. Wendell. Holmes, ANDREW FERNANDO, M.D., b. Cadiz, 1797 ; d. Montreal, Sept. 1860. His parents went to Canada in 1801. He studied in Edinb. and Paris; and in 1819 began prac tice in Montreal; in 1824 he was a founder of the Med. School, which was in 1828 mei ged in McGill College, and in which he was prof, of chemistry and rnateria medica, and dean of HOL 446 HOL the faculty from 1854 to his d. One of the founders of the Nat. Hist. Soc. Morgan. Holmes, DAVID, gov. Mpi. Terr. 1809-17; gov. of the State 1817-19 and 1825-7 ; U.S. senator 1820-5; b. Frederick, Va. ; d. near Winchester, Va., Aug. 20, 1832. Son of Col. Joseph of Frederick. Holmes, GEN. GABRIEL, statesman of N.C., b. Sampson Co. 1769 ; d. there Sept. 26, 1829. A lawyer by profession, he was in the State legisl. and council; State senator in 1807; gov. 1821-4; M.C. 1825-9. Holmes, ISAAC EDWARD, statesman, b. Charleston, S.C., Apr. 6, 1796; d. there 24 Feb. 1867. Y.C. 1815. He was adm. to the Charleston bar in 1818, and became a success ful practitioner; in 1826 he was elected to the State legisl., and became a leader of the nulli fication party, being the first to propose that the State should resist the protective tariff. M.C. 1839-50, and was successively at the head of the committees on commerce and on the na vy. In 1850-61 he practised law in Cal. In Jan. 1861 he returned to S. C., and endeav ored to avert civil war. In conjunction with R. J. Turnbull, he in 1826 pub. a vol. of polit ical essays, entitled " Caroliniensis," in favor of State rights. He also wrote the " Recrea tions of George Telltale," consisting of tales, essays, and descriptive narratives. Y. C. Ob. Record. Holmes, JOHN, lawyer and senator, b. Kingston, Ms., Mar. 1773; d. Portland, Me., July 7, 1843. B.U. 1796. Removing to Me. in 1799, he became eminent as a lawyer, and resided at Alfred. Several years a member of the legisl. of Ms., he rapidly rose to distinction by his eloquence, his wit, and his powers of debate. When Me. became a State, he was a member of the convention to form the const., and acted as chairman of the com. to draft it. M.C. 1817-20 ; was the first U.S. senator from Me. 1821-33; was afterwards a member of the legisl. ; and was app. by Harrison in 1841 U.S. dist.-atty. for Me., which office he held at the time of his death. Author of " The States man, or Principles of Legislation and Law," Augusta, 8vo, 1840, and of several published speeches. Holmes, OLIVER WENDELL, M.D. (1836), physician, poet, and essayist, b. Cambridge, Ms., Aug. 29, 1809. H.U. 1829. Son of Dr. Abiel. He commenced the study of law, which, however, he soon abandoned for medi cine, and in 1832 went to Europe, attending the hospitals of Paris and other large cities. Prof, of anat. and physiol. in Dartm. Coll. in 1838, and in H.U. since 1847. He contrib. poetry to the Collegian, conducted by the un dergraduates of the coll., also to " Illustra tions of the Athenaeum Gallery of Paintings/ in 1831, and to " The Harbinger, a May Gift," in 1833. In 1836 he read before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, " Poetry, a Metrical Essay," pub. in the first edition of his poems (1836) ; " Terpsichore " was read by him at a dinner of the same society in 1843 ; " Urania" was pub. in 1846, and " Astrea" in 1850. His po ems have passed through many editions, and have been repub. in Eng. In the Atlantic Monthly (1857) appeared a series of articles entitled " The Autocrat of the Breakfast fa ble," since pub. in a vol., and followed by " The Professor at the Breakfast Table," and " Soundings from the Atlantic." Many of his best poems have been written for social or fes tive occasions, at which they have been recited or sung by the poet himself. He is also a pop ular lecturer, and has disting. himself by his researches in auscultation and microscopy. In 1838 he pub. three " Prize Dissertations ; " in 1842 " Lectures on Homoeopathy, and its Kindred Delusions ; " in 1848 " A Report on Medical Literature ; " " A Pamphlet on Puer peral Fever ; " and, in connection with Dr. Jacob Bigelow, an edition of Hall s " Theory and Practice of Medicine," 8vo, 1 839. He has been a frequent contrib. to med. periodicals, as well as to the N. A. Review, the Knickerbocker, and other literary magazines. In 1852 Dr. Holmes delivered a course of lectures on the " English Poets of the 19th Century." He has also pub. "Elsie Vernier," a novel, 1860 ; " Currents and Counter-Currents in Medical Science," 1861; " Border-Lines in some Provinces of Med. Science ; " " The Guardian Angel," 1867 ; and "Mechanism in Thought and Morals," 1871. Dr. Holmes m. a dau. of the late Hon. Charles Jackson of Boston. Holmes, THEOPHILUS HUNTER, lieut.- gen. C.S.A., b. N.C. 1805 ; d. South-west Ark. Mar. 31, 1864. West Point, 1829. Entering the 7th Inf., he became 1st lieut. Mar. 26, 1835 ; capt. Dec. 9, 1838 ; was brev. maj. for gallantry at Monterey, Sept. 23, 1846 ; and became maj. 8th Inf. Mar. 3, 1855. In the latter part of 1860 he obtained leave of absence, and went to N.C., where he had large possessions both in land and negroes; he resigned Apr. 28, 1861, and entered the Confed. army. He com. a brig. of the reserve at Bull Run. Nov. 13, 1861, he was app. to com. the army of Acquia, which co-operated with the army at Manassas. In Nov. 1862 he had a com. in Ark., with the rank of lieut.-gen. Holstein-Ducoudray, GEN. H. L. V., b Germany ; d. Albany, N.Y., Apr. 23, 1839, a. 76. He received a good education ; entered the service early ; became a disting. staff-officer to Napoleon, after whose overthrow he came to the U.S., settled in Albany, taught French at the female acad. there, and ed. the Zodiac. Author of " Recollections of an Officer of the Empire," " Life of Bolivar," and " Memoirs of Lafayette," 12mo, N.Y. 1824. Holt, JOHN, printer, b. Va. 1721; d. N.Y., Jan. 30, 1784. A merchant, and also mayor of Williamsburg ; he was unsuccessful, and in 1760 began in N.Y. the Gazette and Postboy, and in 1766 the N. Y. Journal, but soon after removed to Norfolk, Va. In Nov. 1775 his printing establishment at Norfolk, where he was doing good service to the patriot cause, was destroyed by Lord Dunmore. Holt then went to N.Y., and, while the British had pos session of that city, pub. his journal at Esopus and Poughkeepsie. Lossing. Holt, JOHN SAUNDERS, b. Mobile, Ala., 1826. Author of " Life and Opinions of Abra ham Page," 1868 ; " What I Know about Ben Eccles," 1869. Holt, JOSEPH, statesman, b. Breckenridge 447 HOO Co., Ky., Jan 6, 1807. Educated at St. Jo seph s Coll., Bardstown, and at Centre Coll., Danville; and in 1828 began to practise law in Elizabeth town, Ky. ; in 1832 he removed to Louisville, Ky. ; in 1833 became atty. for the Jefferson Circuit; removed in 1835 to Port Gibson, Mpi. ; practised with success, and in 1842 returned to Louisville; in 1857 he was made commiss. of patents by Pres. Buchanan ; in 1859 became postmaster-gen. ; and, when John B. Floyd withdrew from the cabinet in Dec. 1860, assumed the charge of the war dept. To his precautions in co-operation with Gen. Scott has been attributed the absence of any revol. demonstrations in Washington during the inaug. of Pres. Lincoln. He actively advocat ed the Union cause in Ky. and elsewhere, de nouncing emphatically the policy of " neutrali ty." He was app. one of a com. to adjust the claims brought against the dept. of the West prior to Oct. 14, 1861 ; and in March, 1862, the com. made its report. Sept. 13 he was app. judge-advocate-gen, of the army. Though in politics a Douglas Democrat, he supported Mr. Lincoln s administration throughout, and ex pressed his strong approval of the Emancipa tion Proclamation of Sept. 22, 1862. In 1864 he was placed at the head of the bureau of military justice. Offered the cabinet app. of atty.-gen. in Nov. 1864, but declined. Brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Holton, SAMUEL, Revol. statesman, b. Danvers, Ms., June 9, 1738; d. Jan. 2, 1816. Many years an eminent physician in Danvers, and member of the legisl. before the Revol. He was one of the most zealous and active patriots of his day. Delegate to the Essex Co. conven tion Sept. 1774; to the Prov. Congresses of 1774 and 5; a member of the com. of safety, July, 1776; member of the sup. exec, council; a delegate to frame the Confederation in 1777 ; delegate to the Old Congress from 1778 to 1783, and in 1784-7; delegate to the State convention to adopt the Federal Constitution, 1789 ; M.C. 1793-5 ; judge of probate for Es sex Co. 1796-1815 ; also holding a seat in the council 27 years, and on the bench of the C.C.P. He was a councillor and vice-pres. of the Ms. Med. Society. Holyoke, EDWARD, pres. of H.U., b. Bos ton, June 25, 1689; d. June 1, 1769. H. U. 1705. Tutor in 1712 ; ord. minister of a new society at Marblehead, Apr. 25, 1716, and of ficiated there till July 25, 1737, when he was elected pres. of the coll., which flourished under his charge. He was especially disting. as a mathematician and classical scholar. He con- trib. the first poem in Pietas et Gratulatio of H. U., \7Ql.-Eliot. Holyoke, EDWARD AUGUSTUS, M.D., LL.D. , physician, b. Marblehead, Aug. 1, 1728; d. Salem, Mar.31, 1829, a. 100 yrs.8 mos. H.U. 1 746. Son of the preceding. He began to prac tise medicine at Salem in 1749, continuing in business more than 70 years. He was an acute and learned physician, and a good surgeon ; was a founder of the Ms. Med. Society, and its first pres. He performed a surgical operation at the age of 92. Even after he had attained his 100th year, he was interested in the investiga tion of medical subjects, and wrote letters which show that his understanding was still clear and strong. On his 100th birthday, about 50 of his medical brethren of Boston and Sa lem gave him a public dinner, when he appeared at the table with a firm step, smoked his pipe, and gave an appropriate toast. A Memoir of his lite was pub. by the Essex Med. Soc. 1829. Holyoke, SAMUEL, teacher of music, b. Boxfbrd, Ms., Oct. 15, 1762; d. Concord, N.H., Feb. 7, 1820. H. U.1789. Son of Rev. Elizur. He pub. " Columbian Repository of Sacred Harmony," " Occasional Music," Exeter, 1802. Hpmans, JOHN, M.D. (1815), an eminent physician of Boston, b. there 1793 ; d. 17 Apr. 1868. H.U. 1812. He practised a year or two in Worcester, afterward at Brookfield, and in 1829 settled in Boston. Some years pres. Ms. Med. Society. Home, DANIEL DUNGLAS, Spiritualist, b. Mar. 1 833. Author of " Incidents of my Life," 1863, in which he says, " The only good I have ever derived from the gift is the knowledge that many who had never believed in a future existence are now happy through me in the certitude of the * life to come. " He has vis ited nearly every country in Europe, where his wonderful mediumistic power has been gener ally admitted. In 1864 he was ordered to quit Rome, the authorities of that city being afraid of his powers. Homer, WILLIAM BRADFORD, minister of So. Berwick, Me., b. Boston ; d. Mar. 22, 1841, a. 24. Amh. Coll. 1836. Son of Geo. J. Ho mer. He had been settled only 4 months. His writings were edited by Dr. E. A. Park, who also pub. a Memoir of him, 2d ed. 1849. Homes, WILLIAM, minister of Martha s Vineyard, b. in north of Ireland, 1663; d. Chil- mark (where he had been settled since 1715), June 20, 1746. Liberally educated. He came to N.E. in 1686, taught school 3 years on the Vine yard, returned to Ireland, and was ord. minis ter at Strabane in 1692, and returned to Amer. in 1714. He pub. sermons on " The Sab bath ; " on " Public Reading of the Scrip ture ; " " Church Government," 1732 ; " Secret Prayer;" "Government of Christian Fami lies," 1747. His son Capt. ROBERT m. Mary, a sister of Benj. Franklin. Hone, PHILIP, a philanthropic merchant, b. New York, 1781 ; d. there May 4, 1851. He was a popular and successful man of business ; was one of the founders and a principal patron of the Mercantile Lib. Assoc. of New York ; was long an aldei man ; and in 1825-6 mayor of the city. Pres. Taylor app. him naval offi cer of New York, the duties of which post he discharged until his death. HoneywoodL, ST. JOHN, poet, b. Leicester, Ms., Feb. 7, 1763; d. Sept. 1, 1798. Y.C. 1732. His father, an English physician who had set tled in Leicester, d. a surgeon in the army at Ticonderoga in 1776, leaving his son an or phan and destitute. He was educated by some friends; in 1783-4 taught in an academy at Schenectady, N.Y.; then studied law in Alba ny; and practised in Salem, Washington Co., during the rest of his life. A vol. of his poems was pub. in New York in 1801. Dut/chnck. Hood, GEORGE, author of a " History of Music in N. E.," Bostcn, 18mo, 1846; d. JJOO 448 HOO Phila. 18 May, 1869. Business-manager of the Phila. Acad. of Music. Hood, GEN. JOHN B., b. Bath Co., Ky., nb. 1830. West Point, 1853. Entering the 4th Inf., he was transf. (3 Mar. 1855) to the 2d Cav., with a detachment of which he had a gallant conflict with a body of Comanche and Lipau Indians near the head of the San Pedro River, Texas, 20 July, 1857, and was wound ed; Istlieut. 18 Aug. 1858; resigned 16 Apr. 1861 ; and was app. a brig.-gen. in the Confed. army. He was one of the officers who partici pated in handing over the U.S. troops in Tex as to the secessionists. He raised a regt. of Kentuckians ; com. a brigade in Johnston s (afterward Bragg s) army in 1862 ; joined the army of Va. in the spring of 1862 ; was pro moted to com. the cav. corps, and made a maj.- gen.; com. a division at Antietam, Sept. 1862; at Gettysburg he com. the largest division in Longstreet s corps, and was severely wounded. Rejoining Longstreet s corps in Georgia- he fought at Chickamauga (losing a leg), and pro moted to lieut.-gen. ; and in July, 1864, succeed ed Johnston in com. at Atlanta, which he was compelled by Gen. Sherman to evacuate 1 Sept. He then unsuccessfully endeavored to destroy Gen. Sherman s communications; was defeated in his attempt to capture Nashville, 17 Dec. 1864, by Gen. Thomas ; and in Jan. 1865 was relieved of his com. by Gen. Dick Taylor. Hooke, WILLIAM, b. Southampton, 1601 ; minister at Taunton, and from 1644 to 1656 at N. Haven ; returned to Eng. ; was Cromwell s chaplain; and d. Mar. 21, 1678. Oxf. U. 1623. Bro.-in-law of G. Whalley, and m. Cromwell s cousin. Had been minister of Exmouth, Dev on, and was in N.E. as early as 1639. He pub. "Discourse on the Witnesses," "New England s Tears for Old England s Fears," July 23, 1640; also other sermons. Two of his sermons are reprinted in " The Ministry of Taunton." Hooker, EDWARD W., D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1840), b. Goshen, Ct., 24 Nov. 1794. Mid. Coll. 1814. He began to study music at the age of 12, and has pub. many important lec tures, addresses, &c., on that subject; also "A Plea for Sacred Music;" "Memoir of Mrs. Sarah L. Huntington Smith," 1 845 ; and " Life of Thomas Hooker," 12mo, 1849. Hooker, HERMAN, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1848), clergyman and author, b. Poultney, Vt., ab. 180G"; d. Phila. July^ 25, 1865. Mid. Coll. 1825. He studied divinity at Princeton ; sub sequently became an Epis. clergyman, but, on being compelled by ill health to relinquish this office, became a bookseller in Phila. He has pub. " The Portion of the Soul," 1835; " Popu lar Infidelity," entitled in a later edition " The Philosophy of Unbelief in Morals and Reli gion ; " " The Uses of Adversity and the Provisions of Consolation ; " a vol. of " Max ims ; " and " The Christian Life a Fight of Faith." Duyckinck. Hooker, JOSEPH, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Hadley,Ms.,Nov. 1814. West Point, 1837. En tering the 1st. Art., he was aide to Gen. Hamer in the Mexican war ; was brev. capt. for gal lantry at Monterey ; became assist, adj.-gen. (rank of capt.) 3 March, 1847; and won the brevets of maj. and licut.-col. at the National Bridge and Clmpultepec. He became capt. 29 Oct. 1848; resigned 21 Feb. 1853, and settled on a farm in Cat., where he was residing when app. brig.-gen. of vols. May 17, 1861. During this period he assisted in constructing a na tional road connecting Cal. and Oregon. As signed to the Army of the Potomac, he was afterward promoted to a division in Heintzel- man s corps. From July, 1861, to Feb. 1862, he was stationed in Southern Md. In the sub sequent battles on the Peninsula, especially that of Williamsburg, May 5, where he wa s highly distinguished, his troops were popularly known as " fighting Joe Hooker s division." Made maj.-gen. vols. 5 May, 1862, he was as signed to the 1st Army Corps in Sept. ; bore a disting. part in the second battle of Bull Run, where he com. the forces in and around Fairfax ; and at the battle of Antietam com. the right wing. Wounded in the foot, he was disabled from duty for several weeks. Sept. 20 he was made brig.-gen. U.S.A. ; in Nov. he superseded Gen. Porter in command of the 5th corps ; was shortly after assigned the centre grand division of the Army of the Potomac, and succeeded Gen. Burnside in the chief com. in Jan. 1863. Crossing the Rappahannock, April 27, he was attacked in his position at Chancellorsville, May 2-3, by Gen. Lee, and was compelled to recross the river. June 27, 1863, he resigned the com. of the Army of the Poto mac, and was succeeded by Gen. Meade. He com. the llth and 12th Army Corps 24 Sept. 1863; in operats. ab. Chattanooga, Oct. 1863- May, 1864, being engaged in combat of Look out Valley (Oct. 27-8), capture of Lookout Mountain" (24 Nov.), battle of Mission. Ridge (25 Nov.), and Ringgold, Ga. (27 Nov.), 1863; com. 20th Corps in invasion of Ga. ; and en gaged at Mill Greek Gap (8 May, 1864), Resaca (14-15 May), Cassville (19 May), Dal las (25 May), actions near Atlanta (July 18- 19, 1864), Peach-tree Creek (20 July), and siege ot Atlanta (22-30 July, 1864) ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for battle of Chatta nooga; maj.-gen. U.S.A. Oct. 15, 1868; re tired same date. Hooker, THOMAS, an eminent divine, and one of the founders of the Colony of Ct., b. Markfield, Leicestershire, Eng., 1586 ; d. Hart ford, July 7, 1647. Son of Thomas. Became a fellow of Em. Coll., Cambridge ; was a- popular preacher in Lond., and a lecturer in Chelmsfprd, Essex, but was silenced for non conformity. He then kept a school, in which John Eliot " the Apostle " was his assist. ; but, being still persecuted by the Spiritual Court, he in 1630 fled to Holland, where he preached at Delft and Rotterdam, being an assist, to Dr. Ames, who said of him, " that he never met with his equal either in preach ing or disputation." Sept. 3, 1633, he arrived at Boston ; was in the following month ord. pastor of the church in Newtown; but in June, 1636, he with his whole cong. removed to the banks of the Ct. River, where they founded Hartford. Whenever he visited Boston, which he often did, he attracted great crowds by his fervent, forcible preaching ; and no man had more influence in the churches of N.E. His HOO 449 HOP* death was lamented as a public loss. John Cotton, Elijah Corlet, Peter Bulkeley, Edward Johnson, and Ezekiel Rogers, were among those who paid tribute to. his memory. A Memoir of his Life, with a selection from his writings, has been pub. by a descendant, Rev. E. \V. Hooker, D.D., Boston, 1849. He pub. many vols. of sermons and polemical works. His "principal works are, " The Survey of Church Discipline," 1648; " The Application of Redemption," &c., second ed., Lond. 1659; and " The Poor Doubting Christian drawn to Christ," 7th ed., Boston, 1743. SAMUEL, his son, second minister of Farmington, Ct., b. 163-2, d. Nov. 6, 1697. H. U. 1653. Ord. July, 1661. Hooker, WORTHINGTON, M. D. (H. U. 1829), physician and author, b. Springfield, Ms., Mar. 3, 1806; d. N. Haven, Ct., Nov. 6, 1867. Y.C, 1825. Son of Judge John. He established himself in practice in Norwich, Ct., and afterwards in N. Haven. Prof, of the theory and practice of med., Y.C., 1852-67, and ac quired a good practice in N. Haven. Author of " Human Physiology for Colleges and Academies ; " " Hooker s Book of Nature," in 3 parts ; " A Child s Book of Common Things ; " "A Child s First Book of Natural Philosophy ; " "A Child s First Book of Chemistry ; " " Natural History, Mineralogy," c. ; "Physician and Patient," 1849; "Les sons from the History of Medical Delusions ; " " Homoeopathy, an Examination of its Doc trines and Evidences, &c.," 1853 ; " The Medical Profession and the Community ;" " Rational Therapeutics," 12mo, 1857. Yale Coll. Obit. Hooper, EDWARD JAMES, b. Ens 1 . 1803. Settled in the U.S. 1830. Author of a " Dic tionary of Agriculture," 8vo, Cincin. 1842. Some years editor of the Western Farmer and Gardener, and 30 years a contrib. to agric. journals. Allibone, Hooper, LUCY, poet, b. Newburyport, Ms., Feb. 4, 1816; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Aug. 1, 1841. She was carefully trained by her father, and at 15 removed with the family to Brooklyn. Her poems were principally contrib. to the Lonf/ Island Star. They were coll. in 1840 with the title, " Scenes from Real Life," and a prize essay on " Domestic Happiness." In 1 845 was pub. " The Lady s Book of Flow ers and Poetry." Her " Complete Poetical Works" were pub. in 1848. In 1842 an ed., with a Memoir by John Keese, was pub. Hooper, ROBERT LETTICE, chief justice of N. J. 1725-8, and from Nov. 1722 to his d. Mar. 1739. Field s Prov. Courts in N. J. Hooper, SAMUEL, merchant, and M.C. from Ms. 1861-71, b. Marblehead, Ms., 3 Feb. 180S, educated there, and many years engaged in the China trade in Boston. Member Ms. h. of rep. 1851-4, and of the senate in 1857. M. A. of Howard U. in 1866 as founder, of the " School of Mines " in that university. Author of a treatise on Currency, 1855. Hooper, WILLIAM, Revol. statesman, b. Boston, June 17, 1742; d. Hillsborough, N.C., Oct. 1790. H.U. 1760. William his father (min. of the West Cong. Ch., Boston, 18 May, 1737-19 Nov. 174G ; of Tririty Ch. (Epis.), 28 29 Aug. 1747, to his d. 14 Apr. 1767), b. and educ. in Scotland, author of " The Apostles neither Impostors nor Enthusiasts," 1742. The son studied law under James Otis, and, on being adm. to the bar, went to N.C. in 1764, and removed permanently to Wilmington in 1767, where he soon obtained extensive prac tice, and was noted for his social qualities and hospitality. He represented Wilmington in the legisl. of 1773, and signalized himself by his opposition to the arbitrary measures of the g ovt., against which he also wielded a successful pen under the signature of " Hampden." In 1774 he was a delegate to the Gen. Congress at Phila. ; chairman of a com. app. to report an address to the inhabitants of Jamaica, the draught of which was his work. Soon after signing the Decl. Of Indep., Mr. Hooper was obliged to resign his seat on account of the embarrassed condition of his private affairs. He filled various public stations in his adopted State until 1787. Hope, HENRY, an eminent banker of Am sterdam, b. Boston, 1736; d. Lond. Feb. 25, 1811. He was the son of a Scottish loyalist who had settled in Boston. Henry lived some time at Quincy. At the age of 18 he went to Eng. ; soon after entered a London counting- house ; and in 1760 became a partner with his uncles in Amsterdam. On the death of his uncle Adrian in 1780, the whole business devolved on him. Hopkins, DANIEL, D.D. (Dartm. Coll: 1809), minister of Salem, Ms., from Nov. 1778 to his d. Dec. 14, 1814; b. Waterbury, Ct., Oct. 1 6, 1 734. Y. C. 1758. Bro. of Dr. Samuel of Newport. He taught school at Salem in 1766-78. He pub. dedication sermon, 1805; and a sermon on the death of Washington. A vol. of his works, with Memoir by Prof. Park, was pub. 1853. Sprague s Annals. Hopkins, EDWARD, gov. of Ct., b. Shrews bury, Eng., 1600; d. Lond. Mar. 1657. He was an eminent merchant in Lond., and came to Boston with Mr. Davenport in the summer of 1637. Removing to Hartford, he was chosen a magistrate in 1639, and gov. of Ct. from 1640 to 1654 alternately with Mr. Haynes. Upon the death of his elder bro. he returned to Eng. ; became warden of the fleet, commis sioner of the admiralty, and member of par liament; not forgetting, however, his friends in N.E., who derived great benefit from his services in the mother-country. At his death, he left a large estate in N.E., which has been appro priated to the support of the grammar-schools in N. Haven, Hartford, and Hadley. He was one of those who formed the union of the N.E. Colonies, 1643. He left a donation of 500, which was, by a decree of chancery, 1710, paid to .Harv. Coll. With this money, real estate was purchased in a township named Hopkin- ton in honor of the donor. Eliot. Hopkins, ESEK, first commodore of the Amer. navy, b. Scituate, R.I., 1718 ; d. North Providence, Feb. 26, 1802. On the breaking- out of the Revol. war, he was commissioned by Gov. Cooke as brig.-gen. Dec. 22, 1775. he received a commission from Congress as commo. and com.-in.-chief of the navy. He put to sea in Feb. 1776, with the first sr^uad. HOIP 450 sent out by the Colonies, consisting of 4 ships and 3 sloops. The fleet sailed for the Bahamas, capturing the forts at New Providence, 80 can non, and a large quantity of ordnance, stores, and ammunition. On his return, off Block Island he took the British schooner " Hawke," and the bomb-brig " Bolton," for which the pres. of Congress complimented him officially. Two days afterwards, with 3 vessels, he attacked " The Glasgow " of 29 guns ; but she escaped, and for this Hopkins and Capt. Whipple were censured, the latter particularly. In June, 1776, Hopkins was ordered by Congress to ap pear before the naval committee in Phila. to re ply to charges preferred against him for not an noying the enemy s ships on the southern coast. He was defended by John Adams, and was acquitted, partly out of regard for the feelings of his bro. Stephen, a member of Congress, but was dismissed the service 2 Jan. 1777. Ban croft styles him "aged and incompetent." Often a member of the R.I. Assembly. His son, JOHN BURROWS, was active in the de struction of " The Gaspee ; " was one of the first capts. of the Revol. navy, commis. Dec. 22, 1775; com. " The Cabot " ( 1 6 guns) in the exped. to the Bahamas, Feb. 1776; and in April, 1779, sailed from Boston in com. of a squad., which returned safely after a number of valuable captures. Hopkins, JOHN HENRY, D.C.L., LL.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of Vt., b. Dublin, Jan. 30, 1792 ; d. Rock Point, Vt., Jan. 9, 1868. He came to Amer. with his parents in Aug. 1800, and was intended for the law; but, after receiving a clas sical education, spent a year in a counting- house in Phila. ; assisted Wilson the ornithol ogist to prepare the plates to the first 4 vols. of his work; and ab. 1810 embarked in the manuf. of iron in the western part of Pa. In Oct. 1817 he quitted the business a bankrupt; was, after 6 months study, adm. to the bar in Pittsburg, but in Nov. 1823 entered the min istry. Ord. priest in May, 1824, and rector of Trinity Church, Pittsburg. A new building being wanted, he became its architect, studying Gothic architecture for the purpose. In 1831 he accepted a call to Trinity Church, Boston, as assist, minister. A theol. sem. was at the same time established in the diocese of Ms., in which he became prof, of systematic divinity. Consec. 1st bishop of Vt. Oct. 31, 1832. He at the same time accepted the rectorship of St. Paul s, Burlington. He soon began a boys school, which involved him, pecuniarily, to a degree which resulted in the sacrifice of his property, and a debt which it took him many years to cancel. He resigned his rectorship in 1856, that he might devote himself more unre servedly to the work of his diocese, and the building-up at Burlington of the " Vt. Epis. Institute." Besides a number of pamphlets, sermons, and addresses, he has pub. " Chris tianity Vindicated," 1833; "The Primitive Creed Examined and Explained," 1834 ; " The Primitive Church compared with the Prot.- Epis. Church of the Present Day," 1835 ; " Essay on Gothic Architecture," 1836 ; " The Church of Rome in her Primitive Purity com pared with the Church of Rome at the Present Day," 1837 ; " Twelve Canzonets," words and music, 1839 ; " Causes, Principles, and Results of the British Reformation," 1844 ; " History of the Confessional," 1850 ; " A Refutation of Milner s End of Controversy," 1854 ; "The Amer. Citizen, his Rights and Duties," 1857 ; " Vindication of Slavery," 1863 ; " Church His tory in Verse," 1 867. He took a prominent part in the Pan-Anglican svnod at Lambeth, anu received from Oxford U. the degree of D.C.L. He was a decided champion of the High-Church party. Hopkins, LEMUEL, physician and poet, b. Waterbury, Ct., June 19, 1750; d. Hartford, Apr. 14, 1801. A.M. of Y.C. 1784. He prac tised medicine at Litchfield from 1776 to 1784, when he removed to Hartford, where he sus tained a high reputation, and had an extensive practice. He was peculiar and original in his appearance, manners, and opinions ; bold in his inquiries; free from the restraints of prejudice or authority ; and severe and sarcastic in his wit. He was benevolent and philanthropic ; was talented, learned, and poetical ; in his ear lier days an adherent of the French infidel philosophy, but, later, a diligent student of the Bible. With Trumbull, Barlow, Alsop, The odore D wight, and others (called " The Hartford Wits "), he joined in the" Anarchiad" (which he projected, and had a principal share in writ ing, having for its object the support of an ef ficient Federal Constitution, a subject then greatly exercising the public mind), " The Echo," " Political Greenhouse," " The Guillo tine," and similar satirical compositions ; and he is said to have written for Barlow the beau tiful and well-known version of the 137th psalm, beginning, " Along the banks where Babel s current flows." Among the best known of his verses are the " Hypocrite s Hope," and an Elegy on the " Victim of a Cancer Quack." Some of his verses appear in the Litchfield Coll. of " American Poems," 1793. Hopkins, MARK, D.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1837), LL.D. (U. of N.Y. 1857), clergyman and author, b. Stockbridge, Ms., Feb. 4, l8U2. Wms. Coll. 1824. Grandson of Mark, an of ficer of the Revol., and subsequently a lawyer. He was a tutor two years; received in 1828 the degree of M.D., and in 1829 commenced the practice of medicine in N. Y. In Aug. 1830 he was called to the chair of moral phi losophy and rhetoric; and Sept. 15, 1836-72, was pres. of Wms. Coll. Now (1875) prof, .of men. and mor. philos. He is also pastor of the Coll. Church ; and has lectured before the Low ell Inst. of Boston, the Smithsonian Inst., and various literary and scientific associations. He has taken an active part in the deliberations of the A.B.C.F.M., of which, since 1857, he has been pres. Author of " Lectures on the Evi dences of Christianity," 8vo, 1846; a new edi tion 1864 ; also a series of " Lectures on Moral Science; " " Law of Love," &c., 1869 ; " Mis- ceHaneons Essays and Discourses," 8vo, 1847 ; and of many occasional sermons and addresses. Under his supervision the coll. has enlarged her resources and the number of her students. Hopkins, SAMUEL, b. Waterbury, Ct., 1693, minister of W. Springfield, Ms., from June 1, 1720, to his d., Oct. 6, 1755. Y.C. 1718. Great-grandson of John of Cambridge, 451 1634. He pub. "Historical Memoirs of the Housatunuck Indians," &c., 4to, 1753. Hopkins, SAMUEL, D.D. (B.U. 1790), founder of the Hopkinsian divinity, b. Wa- terbury, Ct., Sept. 17, 1721 ; d. Newport, R.I., Dec. 20, 1803. Y.C. 1741. Before his 15th year he was chiefly occupied in farming. He studied divinity with Jonathan Edwards ; was ord. pastor of the church in Housatunnuc, Dec. 28, 1743; was dismissed Jan. 18, 1769; and was settled at Newport, Apr. 11, 1770. During the British occupancy of Newport in 1776-80, he preached in various places. Returning to his parish, he found it so much impoverished, that, for the remainder of his life, Dr. Hopkins was dependent for his maintenance upon weekly contributions and the voluntary aid of a few friends. So powerfully did he oppose slavery, that in 1774 a law was passed, forbidding the importation of negroes into the Colony ; and in 1784 it was declared by the legisl. that all children of slaves born after the following Mar. should be free. He also, as early as 1773, formed a plan for evangelizing Africa, and col onizing it with free negroes from America. Besides his numerous sermons, addresses, and pamphlets, he pub. a Life of Pres. Edwards, Lives of Susannah Anthony and Mrs. Osborn, and left behind him sketches of his own life, and a Treatise on the Millennium, pub. Boston, 1854. His " System of Theology" is his great work. His entire works were pub. by Dr. West in 1805, and again, with a Memoir of his life and character by Dr. Park, by the Doctrinal Tract and Book Society (Boston, 1852). Dr. Hopkins is the hero of Mrs. H. B. Stowe s " Minister s Wooing." Hopkins, GEN. SAMUEL G.,b. Albemarle Co., Va. ; d. Henderson, Ky., Oct. 1819. A Revol. officer ; fought at Trenton, Princeton, Brandy wine, Monmouth; and at Germantown com. a batt. of light inf., and was severely wounded. He was lieut.-col. 10th Va. regt. at the siege of Charleston, where he was made prisoner ; and, after Col. Parker s death, com. the regt. He settled on Greene River, Ky., in 1797 ; served several years in the Ky. legisl. ; and was M.C. in 1813-15. In Oct. 1812 he led 2,000 mounted Ky. troops against the Kicka- poo villages on the Illinois ; but was misled by his guides, and returned. In Nov. he led a party up the Wabash, burned several Indian villages, and lost some men in an ambuscade, and was forced to retire to Vincennes. Hopkins, STEPHEN, LL.D., signer of the Ded.of Indep., b. Scituate, R.I., 7 Mar. 1707; d. Pi evidence, R.I., 1 9 July, 1 785. Self-taught, and ored a farmer. He removed to Providence in 1731 ; engaged in mercantile business and in land-surveying; became a justice of the peace ; a member and speaker of the Assembly in 1732-41; chief justice of C.C.P. in 1739, and of the Superior Court in 1751-4 ; a delegate to the Albany Congress in 1754, and one of the com. which drew up a plan of union for the Colonies ; gov. of R.I. in 1754-68, excepting 4 years ; was a member of the Cont. Congress in 1774-8; and was subsequently a member of the R.I. legisl. In 1765 he was chairman of a lorn, to draught instructions to the Gen. Assem bly on the Stamp Act, the resolutions which were reported and passed being substantially the same as those carried by Patrick Henry in the Va. H. of Burgesses. In 1773 he was a dele gate to the Assembly, and a member of the com. of corresp. A clear and convincing speaker, he used his influence in Congress in favor of de cisive measures ; was active as a member of the naval com. in the formation of our navy, and was one of the com. that drafted the articles of confederation for the govt. of the States. Many years chanc. of Brown U. Notwithstand ing his limited education, he was a good mathe matician ; and his knowledge of literature, sci ence, and political economy, was varied and extensive. He pub. an account of Providence in the Ms. Hist. Colls. 2, ix., and, by order of the R. I. Assembly, " Rights of the Colonies Examined," 1765. Hopkins, WILLIAM FENN, LL.D. (Trin. Coll., Geneva, 1853), teacher, b. Ct. 1802 ; d. Ja maica, W.I., 13 July, 1859. West Point, 1825. Asst. prof, of chemistry there 1825-36 ; prin cipal of Norfolk Acad., Va., 1843-6 ; prof. nat. sciences, Georgetown, Ky., Milit. Inst., 1846-9 ; pres. and prof, math., Masonic U., Clarks- ville, Tenn., 1849 ; prof. chem. and nat. philos. Wm. and M. Coll., Va., 1849-50; prof. nat. philos. U. S. Naval Acad. 1850-9 ; U. S. consul Jamaica, Mar .-July, 1859. Cullum, Hopkinson, FRANCIS, author, and a sign er of the Decl. of Indep., b. Phila. 1738; d. there 9 May, 1791. N. J. Coll. 1763. Thomas his father, b. in Eng., d. 1752, and was a friend of Franklin. His mother was a niece of the Bishop of Worcester. Sec. at a conf. held on the Lehigh between the govt. of Pa. and the Indians in 1761. Adm. to the bar in 1765; visited Eng. in 1766-8, and on his return m. Ann Boi-den of Bordentown, N. J. He was soon after app. to a lucrative office in N. J., which he held until his repub. principles occa sioned his removal. Member of Congress in 1776-7; and during the Revol. disting. him self by satirical and political writings. He em ployed his wit upon the social follies of his time, especially against the ribaldry of the news papers, and the exaggeration and prejudice with which the Federal Constitution was assailed. He held for some years a place in the loan office. Judge of admiralty for Pa. in 1779-89, and U.S. dist. judge for Pa. from 1790 to his d. An account of his impeachment and trial is in " Pa. State Trials," vol. i. 1794. He was a man of varied accomplishments, skilled not only in science and literature, but in painting and mu sic, composing popular airs for his own songs. Among his writings are " The Pretty Story," 1774; "The Old Farm and the New Farm," repub. in 1857; "The Prophecy," 1776; "Tho Political Catechism," 1777; "Battle of the Kegs," a humorous ballad; and "The New Roof, a Song for Federal Mechanics." His " Misc. Essays and Occasional Writings " were pub. by Dobson, 3 vols. 8vo, 1792. In his " Typographical Mode of conducting a Quar rel," he anticipated Southey s bear-story in " The Doctor " by gradations of type. Hopkinson, JOSEPH, LL.D., lawyer and man of letters, son of Francis, b. Phila. Nov. 12, 1770; d. there Jan. 15, 1842. U. of Pa. 1786. After studying law, he opened an office KOI? 452 I-IOR at Easton, Pa., in 1791, but soon returned to Phila., where his professional progress was rapid. He was the leading counsel of Dr. Rush in his famous suit against Cobbett in 1799 ; al so for the defendants in several of the insurgent trials before Judge Chase in 1800, and was en gaged by the latter upon his impeachment be fore the senate of the U. S. M. C. 1816-20, disting. himself on the tariff question, in rela tion to the Seminole war, and opposed a re-char ter of the U. S. Bank. After three years sub sequent residence at Bordemown, N. J., he resumed practice in Phila.; and in 1828 was app. judge of the U.S. Dist. Court for the East ern Dist. of Pa., an office which his father and his grandfather Thomas had previously filled. A leading member of the convention for revis ing the constitution of Pa. in 1837. His speeches in that body on the Judicial Tenure were pub. in 1838. Vice-pres. of the Amer. Philos. Soc., and pres. of the Pa. Acad. of Fine Arts. He was a frequent lecturer before lite rary institutions ; and many of his addresses were pub. The most celebrated of his literary productions was "Hail Columbia," written in 1798 for the benefit of an actor named Fox. Hopkinson was for many years a confidential friend of Joseph Bonaparte, then residing at Bordentown, and, during his absence, always managed his affairs. Hopper, ISAAC T., an eminent Quaker philanthropist, b. Deptford, N.J., Dec. 3, 1771 ; d. New York, May 7, 1852. He learned the trade of a tailor with an uncle in Phila., but spent many of the last years of his life in N. Y., where at one time he kept a bookstore. His time throughout a long life was devoted almost wholly to charitable objects ; and he would at any time leave his business if his ser vices were required by the Prison Association, or by any individual in distress. See Memoir ly Mrs. Child. Hoppin, AUGUSTUS, artist, b. Providence, R.I., July 13, 1828. B. U. 1848. Adm. to the R.I. bar. He has of late devoted himself exclu sively to drawing upon wood. He has illustrated Butler s poem of "Nothing to Wear," "The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table," and a vari ety of other works. His bro. THOMAS F., b. Providence, R.I., Aug. 1816, studied painting with Paul Delaroche in 1837-8, and subse quently designed the figures on the great win dow of Trinity Church, N.Y. He has produced a spirited model of a dog, which has been cast in bronze, and numerous etchings in outline, and designs in wood. Another bro., WILLIAM J., though educated for the bar, has written many admirable papers on art, some of which have been pub., and others read before the R.I. Art Association, N.Y. Hist. Soc., the Century Club, &c. Hornblower, JOSEPH COURTEN, LL.D., ch. justice N.J. Sup. Court 1832-46, b. Belle ville, N.J., 6 May, 1777; d. Newark, 11 June, 1864. Son of Judge Josiah. Adm. to the bar in 1803; a prom, member of the State Const. Conv. in 1844. In 1856 he decided that Con gress had no right to pass a fugitive-slave law. Pres. N.J. Colonization Soc. and of the N.J. Hist. Society. Hornblower, JOSIAH, a civil engineer and magistrate, b. Staffordshire, Eng., 1729 ; d. Jan. 21, 1809. He early became familiar with mathematical and mechanical science ; and in 1751 came to Amer. to build a steam- engine at the copper mines near Belleville, N. J., said to have been the first one constructed in N. America. Becoming interested in these mines, he devoted his attention also to min eralogy. Member of the Cont. Congress 1785. For many years subsequent to this period he was a member of the State legislature, of which he also served as speaker; and from 1798 till his death was a judge of the Essex Co. Court. Horner, WILLIAM EDMUNDS, anatomist, b. Warrenton, Va., 3 June, 1793 ; d. Phila. 13 Mar. 1853. U. of Phila. 1814. Robert, his gr.-grandfather, settled as a merchant at Port Tobacco, Md. William studied medicine at Phila. ; in July, 1813, was app. surgeon s mate U.S.A. ; served on the northern frontier in 1813-14, and resigned Mar. 1815. He then began practice in Phila. ; acquired distinction and a large practice. Dissector and demonstra tor U. of Pa. until, in Nov. 1819, app. adjunct prof, of anatomy; and prof, in 1831. In 1824 he discovered the Musculus Hornerii, an im portant muscle. of the eye; in 1847 he founded St. Joseph s Hospital, to which he bequeathed his library and instruments. Author of " Trea tise on Pathological Anatomy," Phila. 1826; "Lessons in Practical Anatomy," 8vo; " Spe cial Anatomy and Histology," 2 vols. 8vo, 1851 ; " US. Dissector," 5th ed. 1856 ; "Ana tomical Atlas." Gross s Med. Biog. Horry, ELIAS, founder of a chair of moral and polit. philos. in Charleston College, b. of Huguenot ancestors, Charleston, S.C., 1743 ; d. there Sept. 17, 1834. Horsford, EBEN NORTON, prof, of chem istry, b. Geneseo, N.Y., 1818. Some time principal of the Albany Female Acad. ; sub sequently studied under Baron Liebig in Ger many for several years; and was Rumford Prof. inH.U. 1847-63, and teacher of chemis try in Lawrence Scient. School, a dept. of the U. which he was instrumental in establishing, He was employed as a chemist by the Boston board of water commis., and hascontrib. many papers on chemistry to the scientific journals. He married in 1847 MARY GARDINER, b. New York, 1824 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., Nov. 30, 1855. Dau. of Saml. S. Gardiner. She was an early contrib. to the Lady s Book and the Knick erbocker Magazine. Her " Indian Legends and Other Poems" were pub. in Boston, 1855. Horsey, OUTERBRIDGE, lawyer and sena tor, b. Somerset Co., Del., 1777; d. Needwood, Md., June 9, 1842. He received a classical education ; studied law under J. A. Bayard ; was disting. in his profession ; was many years atty.-gen. of the State; and from 1810 to 1821 was U.S. senator from Del. Horsmanden, DANIEL, jurist, b. Goi Id- hurst, Kent, England, 1691; d. Flatbush, L.I., Sept. 28, 1778. Called to the Council May 23, 1733; he was successively recorder, chief jus tice from Mar. 1763, and pres. of the Council, and one of the commis. to inquire into " The Gaspe " affair. He pub. " A History of th HOS 453 HOS Negro Plot," 1742, repub. in 1810; and "Let ter to Gov. Clinton," 1747. Hosack, DAVID, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., physician and author, b. N.Y. City, Aug. 31, 1769; d. Dec. 22, 1835. N. J. Coll. 1789. Alex., his .father, was a Scotch art. officer at the capture of Louisburg in 1758. He studied medicine and surgery with Dr. Richard Bay- ley ; received his degree at Phila. in 1791; practised ab. a year in Alexandria, Va. ; then pursued his medical studies in Edinburgh and London under the most celebrated professors of the time, and returned in the summer of 1 794 with the first coll. of minerals introduced in America, and also a coll. of the duplicate specimens of plants from the herbarium of Linnanis, now constituting a part of the museum of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist, of N.Y. In 1795 he was app. prof, of botany in Col. Coll., and soon after pub. a syllabus of his lec tures. From 1796 to 180U he was the partner of Dr. Bard. On the death of Dr. W. P. Smith in 1797, the chair of materia medica was assigned to Dr. H., who held it, with that of botany, till 1807, when he accepted that of materia medica and of midwifery in the Coll. of Pliys. and Surgeons. In this school, re modelled in 1811 under Pres. Bard, he was prof, of the theory and practice of physic and clinical med., and afterward of obstetrics and the diseases of women and children, until 1826, when, with Drs. Mott, Macneven, and Francis, he organized the med. depart, of Rutg. Coll. at N. Brunswick, N.J., with which his conn, was dissolved on its breaking up in 1830. Dr. H. was at various times physician to the almshouse, the N.Y. Hospital, and the Bloomingdale Asyl., resid. physician of N. Y. City, &c. He was among the original projectors of the N.Y. Hist. Soc., of which he was pres. in 1820-8; of the Horde. Soc. and the Lit. and Philos. Soc. He established the Elgin Botanic Garden. His Hortns E/ginensis, a scientific catalogue of the plants he had brought together, gave him a lii^ h position as a botanist. Fellow of the Roy. Societies of Lond. and Edinb. (1817). He wrote much on fevers, and especially on yellow- fever. His papier on the Laws of Contagious Disorders obtained a wide celebrity. From 1810 to 1814 he conducted, in connection with his pupil John W. Francis, the Amer. Med. and Phi/os. Register. Some of his other works are, " Memoir of Hugh Williamson, M. D., LL.D.," 1820; "Essays on Various Subjects of Medical Science," 3 vols., 1824-30; " Sys tem of Practical Nosology," 8vo, 1829; "Me moirs of De Witt Clinton," 4to, 1829 ; " Lec tures on the Theory and Practice of Physic," 8vo, 1838. Gross s Med. I3iog. Hoskins, NATHAN, author and lawyer, b. Weatheivfield, Vt., Apr. 27, 1795 ; d. Williams- town, Ms., 21 Apr. 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1820. He taught at. St. Alban s in 1821-2; practised law at Vergcnnes, Vt., from 1823 to 1831, editing also the Vt. Aurora 3 years ; practised in Bennington 1831-59 ; and removed in 1859 to Williamstown, Ms. He has pub. " History of Vt.," 1831 ; "Notes on the West in 1833;" and " The Bennington Court Controversy, nnd Strictures on Civil Liberty in the U.S. In 1847-8." Hosmer, HARRIET G., artist, b. Water town, Ms., Oct. 9, 1830. Being naturally ot a delicate constitution, her father, a physician, encouraged her to pursue a course of physical training unusual to her sex. At an early age she began modelling in clay. Having completed her school education, she took a regular course of anatomical instruction at the med. coll. of St. Louis. In the summer of 1851 she returned home, and commenced her bust of " Hesper," which, on its completion in marble in 1852, attracted much attention in Boston ; and her father placed her under the instruction of Gib son the sculptor in Rome. Her busts of "Daphne" and "Medusa" were followed by a statue of "./Enone." For the public library of St. Louis she executed her best known work, " Beatrice Cenci." In the summer of 1855 she modelled a charming statueof " Puck," the popularity of which procured her orders for several copies. Pecuniary reverses having overtaken her father, she has latterly relied on her art for support, and is now permanently established among the professional sculptors of Rome. Among her works are a full-length reclining figure of a young girl for a funeral monument in the Church of Saint Andrea della Fratti in Rome ; a fountain with figures illus trating the myth of Hylas and the water- nymphs ; and a " Will o the Wisp," designed as a pendant to " Puck." In the latter part of 1859 she finished a statue of " Zenobia in Chains," a work on which she had labored enthusiastically two years, to the serious injury of her health. Her other works are a statue of Thomas H. Benton, cast in bronze, and fixed at Lafayette Park, St. Louis ; " The Sleeping Faun ; " a fountain designed for Lady Alford ; a gateway for the entrance to an art gallery at Ashridge Hall, Eng. ; and a de sign for H Lincoln Monument," to be placed at Washington. Em. Worn, of the Age. Hosmer, JEAN, actress, b. near Boston, Jan. 29, 1842. Made her debut in ballet at Buffalo ; and as a star actress at the Chestnut- street, Phila., as Juliet, Dec. 23, 1858. Retired from the stage soon after, but returned May 29, 1866, as Camille, at the Winter Garden, New Y.ork, and has performed successfully in the principal cities. Hosmer, STEPHEN TITUS, LL.D. (Y.C. 1823), jurist, b. Middletown, Ct., 1763; d. there Aug. 5, 1 834. Y. C. 1 782. Son of Judge Titus. Began to practise law at Middletown ab. 1785; many years member of the Council of State ; and, after the adoption of the State constitution, chief justice from 1815 to 1833. Field s Centennial. Hosmer, TITUS, scholar and statesman, b. Middletown, Ct., 1736; d. Aug. 4, 1780. Y.C. 1757. He was a member of the Council; of the Assembly 1773-8 ; speaker in 1777; of the Cont. Congress 1778-9; and in Jan., 1780, judge of the Maritime Court of Appeals for the U.S. He was the patron of Joel Barlow, who wrote an elegant elegiac poem on his death, inscribed to his widow. Hosmer, WILLIAM HENRY CUTLER, poet, b. Avon, N.Y., May 25, 1814. U. of Vt. 1841. He studied law, and succeeded Hon. John Young as master in chancery. Fronj HOT 454 HOTJ 1836 to 1839 he studied the Indian character in Wis. and the everglades of Fla. In 1854 he removed to N.Y. City, where he has held an office in the custom-house. His principal pieces are "The Fall of Tecumseh," 1830; " Yonondino, or the Warriors of the Gene- see," 1846 ; " The Months ; " " Bird-Notes ; " " Legends of the Senecas ; " and " Indian Tra ditions and Songs." His " Complete Poetical Works " appeared in 1853 in 2 vols. ;d.Avon, N. Y., May 23, 1877. Hotchkiss, REV. JAMES HARVEY, b. Cornwall, Ct., Feb. 23, 1781 ; d. Prattsburg, N.Y., Sept. 21, 1851. Wins. Coll. 1800. Sta tioned at Prattsburg from 1809 to 1830. Author of " History of the Churches in West ern N.Y.,"8vo, 1851. Houdon (oo -don ), JEAN ANTOINE, a French sculptor, b. Versailles, Mar. 20, 1741 ; d. Paris, July 15, 1828. Having gained the first prize for sculpture in the Royal Acad. at Paris, he visited Italy ; passed 10 years at Rome in the study of the antique ; then re turned to Paris, where he attained the front rank of French sculptors, and was adm. to the acad. In 1785 he accomp. Franklin to the U.S. to prepare the model of the statue of Washington ordered by the State of Va., which stands in the hall of the capitol of Va. at Richmond, clad in the uniform of a Revol. of ficer. According to the testimony of Lafayette and other personal friends of Washington, it is in many respects the best representation of him ever made. Among his later works were busts of Napoleon and Josephine, and the cele brated statue of Cicero in the Palace of the Luxembourg. Hough, FRANKLIN B., hist, writer, b. Martinsburg, N. Y., July 20, 1822. Un. Coll. 1843; Cleveland Med. Coll. 1848. He was several years a teacher ; practised medicine from 1848 to 1852 at Somerville, N.Y. ; and has been much engaged in literary pursuits. He has pub. " A Catalogue of Plants in Lewis Co., N.Y.," 1847; "Hist, of St. Lawrence and Franklin Counties, N.Y.," 1853 ; " Hist, of Jefferson County, N.Y.," 1854; "Results of a Series of Meteorol. Obs. 1826-50," 1854; " N.Y. Civil List," 1861 ; " Diary of the Siege of Detroit," 1860; " Census of N.Y. 1855-7 ;~" "Northern Invasion of Oct. 1780," 1866; " Hist, of Lewis County, N.Y.," 1860 ; " Mun- sell s Guide to the Hudson River," 1859; "The Comprehensive Farm Record," 1860; " On Military and Camp Hospitals," from the French of Bauden, 1862; "Hist, of Duryea s Brigade in 1862 ; " " Papers relating to Nan- tucket," 1856. He has partly written or edited quite a large number of books illustrating the early history of N.E. and N.Y. Duyckinck. Houghton, DOUGLASS, M.D., naturalist, b. Troy, N.Y., Sept. 21, 1809; d. Oct. 13, 1845. Rens. Instit., Troy, 1829. Assist, prof, of chemistry and nat. hist, at Rens. Inst. in 1830; was in 1831 licensed to practise as a physician ; and app. surgeon and botanist to the exped. to explore the sources of the Mpi. River, and made a valuable report upon the botany of the region through which he then passed. On his return, he practised medicine in Detroit until 1837, when he was app. State geologist. In 1842 he was elected mayor of the city of Detroit ; was a prof, in the Stata U. from its commencement ; was also a mem ber of the Nat. Institute, of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., and an hon. member of many literary and scientific associations. Dr. Hough- ton was drowned near the mouth of Eagle River on Lake Superior during a violent snow storm, while prosecuting for the General Govt. a survey of that region. Houghton, GEORGE FREDERICK, jurist and writer, b. Guilford, Vt., 31 May, 1820 ; d. St. Alban s, 22 Sept. 1870. U. of Vt. 1839. Adm. to the bar in 1841 ; State sec. 1848-9, and State atty. for Franklin Co. 1852-3. He founded the Vt. Transcript in 1854 ; was after ward connected with the Church Journal of N.Y. ; contrib. hist, and biog. sketches to various publications ; and was a founder, and at one time pres., of the Vt. Hist. Society. Houston, GEORGE SMITH, Democ. poli tician, b. Williamson Co., Tenn., Jan. 17, 1811. In his youth his parents removed to Lauderdale Co., Ala. Adm. to the bar in 1831, he practised with great success at Flor ence ; in 1822 he was elected to the Ala. legisl. ; in 1 836 was State atty. for the Florence judicial dist. ; and M.C. in 1841-61, except during 1849-51 ; chairman com. of ways and means 1851-5, and of the judiciary com. 1857-8. Houston, JOHN, lawyer and statesman ; d. Savannah, Ga., July 20, 1796. Son of Sir Patrick Houston. He was early disting. in the Revol. movement; was one of the 4 persons to call the first meeting of the friends of liberty in Savannah in 1774; was a delegate to the Old Congress in 1775-7, and on its first naval com. ; and would have signed the Decl. of Indep. had he not been called home to counteract the influence of Dr. Zubly in opposition to it. Mem ber of the State council in May, 1777; gov. of Ga. 1778-84; first judge of the Supreme Court of Ga. (app. 1792) ; and in 1787 corn- mis, for settling the boundary between Ga. and S.C. Houston, SAMUEL, soldier and statesman, b. near Lexington, Va., 2 Mar. 1793 ; d. Hunt- ersville, Tex., 25 July, 1863. His father, a Revol. soldier, d. a brigade insp. in 1807. His mother, an intelligent and energetic woman, then removed to Blount Co., Tenn., where Samuel was adopted into the Cherokee tribe. He was clerk to a trader, and kept school a short time ; served with distinction under Gen. Jackson in the Creek war in 1813-14 ; was se verely wounded at the battle of Tallapoosa ; and was in Nov. 1817 app. a sub. agent to carry out a treaty with the Cherokees. Resigning his com. of lieut. in the army, 1 Mar. 1818, he studied law at Nashville; held several minor offices; was M.C. in 1823-7; gov. of Tenn. from 1827 to Apr. 1829; and then took up his residence with the Cherokees in Ark., endeav oring, unsuccessfully, to protect them from the frauds practised upon them by govt. agents. Elected to the Const. Conv. during a visit to Texas in Apr. 1833, he exerted a powerful in fluence upon its deliberations; and, when its result was rejected by Santa Ana, Houston, in Oct. 1835, was made com.-in-chief of the Tex an army, terminating the war by the victory HOTJ 455 HOW of San Jacinto (2 Apr. 1836), in which he was severely wounded. First pres. of the republic ft am 22 Oct. 1836 to 1838; member Texas Congress 1838-40; again pres. in 1841-4. After his favorite scheme of annexation to the U.S. had been effected, he was U.S. senator in 1846-59; gov. of Texas 1859-61. In the U.S. senate he was the zealous advocate of justice and humanity to the Indians; opposed the Kansas and Nebraska Bill in an elaborate speech (3 Mar. 1854) ; and voted against the legality of the Lecompton Const. He opposed the secession movement, and long resisted the clamor for an extra session of the legisl., but rinally retired from office, in preference to tak ing the oath required by the State convention. See Life of Houston, N.Y. 12mo, 1855. Houston, WILLIAM CHURCHILL, states man; d. Trenton, N. J., Aug. 1788. N. J. Coll. 1768. Prof, of mathematics in that in stitution. Delegate to the Old Congress 1779- 82 and 1784-5. Hovey, ALVAH, D.D. (B.U. 1856), clergy man, b. Thetford, Vt., Mar. 5, 1820; Dartm. Coll. 1844. He taught in the N. London acad. I year; completed his theol. course at Newton in 1848; was pastor of the Baptist Church N. Gloucester, Me., 1 year. From 1850 to 1853 taught biblical literature in the Newton Theol. Inst. ; became prof, of eccl. history in 1853, and of Christ, theol. in 1855. He has pub. a translation from the German of Perthe s "Life of Chrysostom," in conjunction with Rev. D. B. Ford, 1854 ; "The Life and Times of Backus," 1858 ; " The State of the Impenitent Dead," 1859; besides contributions to re views. Hovey, ALVIN P., lawyer and soldier, b. Mt. Vernon, Ind., 5 May, 1821. Adm. to the bar of Mt. V. 1843, and became a disting. practitioner. Entered the service as maj. 24th Ind. Vols. ; served under Gen. Pope in the army of the Mpi. ; became col. and disting. at Shiloh ; was made brig.-gen. vols. Apr. 28, 1862 ; took part in the operations against Corinth; joined Gen. Grant in the Vicksburg campaign ; com. brigade in Steele s division, and com. a division in McClernand s corps at Champion Hills ; minister to Peru, May, 1865 -70. Howard, BENJAMIN, b. Va. ; d. St. Louis, Sept. 18, 1814. M. C. from Ky. 1807-10; gov. of Upper La. from Apr. 1810 to Nov. 1812; app. brig.-gen. U.A. Mar. 12, 1813, com. 8th milit. dept., then embracing all the territory from the interior of Ind. to the Mex ican frontier. Howard, BENJAMIN CHEW, (LL. D. 1869), b. Md. N. J. Coll. 1809. Many years clerk of the US. Supreme Court. Has" pub. Reports of thai Court from 1843 to 1860, in 24 vols. M.C. 1829-33 arid 1835-9; deleg. to Peace Cong. 1861. D. Baltimore Mar. 6, 1872. Howard, FRANCIS, Earl of Effingham, gov. of Va. 1684-9 ; d. Eng. 30 Mar. 1694. Son of Sir Charles Howard, and succeeded to the earldom in 1681. He was instructed not to suffer the use of a printing-press in the Col ony. His administration was excessively ra pacious and tyrannical ; and, during the early part of it, the Colony suffered much from the depredations of the Indians, with whom he concluded a treaty at Albany, which was ran* fied in 1685. Howard, JACOB MERRITT.LL.D. (Wms. Coll. 1865), U.S. senator 1862-71, b. Shafts- bury, Vt., 10 July, 1805 ; d. Detroit, 2 April, 1871. Wms. Coll. 1830. He taught in an acad. in Ms. ; removed to Mich, in 1832 ; was adm. to the bar in 1833 ; member of the legisl. in 1838; M.C. 1841-3; atty.-gen. of Mich. 1855-61. He drew up the platform of the first convention of the Republican party in 1854, and is said to have given the party its name. In 1847 he trans], from the French the " Secret Memoirs of the Empress Josephine." Howard, JOHN EAGER, soldier and states man, b. Baltimore Co., Md., June 4, 1752 ; d. there Oct. 12, 1827. His grandfather Joshua came from the vicinity of Manchester, Eng., in 1685, and obtained a grant of land in Balti more Co. Cornelius, his father, m. Ruth Ea ger. John was capt. in Hall s regt., present at the battle of White Plains, and served till his corps was dism. in Dec. 1776. Maj. in 4th regt., Col. Hall, he joined the army in Apr. 1777; disting. himself at Germantown, where he com. his regt., and displayed great coolness and courage. He was present at the battle of Monmouth in 1778 ; Junel, 1779, he was made lieu t.-col. of the 5th regt., taking rank from Mar. 11, 1778; detached with the Md. and Del. troops in Apr. 1780 to the south, he served un der Gates in the disastrous battle of Camden. At the battle of the Cowpens, Jan. 17, 1781, Howard com. the Continentals, and, by a suc cessful bayonet-charge, decided the fortune of the day. At one time he had in his hands the swords of 7 officers of the 71st British regt. This was said to have been the first occasion in the war in which the bayonet was effectively used by the Amer. troops. For his valor in this action, Col. Howard received from Con gress a silver medal. In the battle of Guil- ford, Howard again exhibited the discipline of his regt., and won additional laurels ; and was also engaged at Hobkirk s Hill. At the battle of Eutaw, he com. the 2d regt., and was severe ly wounded. After the war, he m. Margaret, dau. of Chief Justice Chew ; was a member of the Cont. Congress 1787-8; was gov. ofMd. in 1 789-92. He dccl. the war secretaryship ten dered by Washington in 1795. Member of the Md. senate 1795, and U.S. senator from 1796 to 1803. In 1798, in anticipation of a war with France, he was named by Washington one of his brigadier-generals. Howard, OLIVER OTIS, LL.D. (Waterv. Coll. 1865), brev. maj. -gen. U.S.A., b. Leeds, Me., Nov. 8, 1830. Bowd. Coll. 1850. West Point, 1854. Entering the ordnance corps, he became 1st lieut. and instructor of mathemat ics at West Point in 1857, and resigned 4 June, 1861, to take com. of the 3d Me. Vols. He com. a brig, at the first battle of Bull Run, and for gallantry in that battle was made brig.-gen. of vols. Sept. 3, 1861. He lost his right arm at the battle of Fair Oaks, June 1 , 1 862. After the battle of Antietam, he took Gen. Sedgwick s division in Sumner s 2d corps, and com. the llth corps during the operations of Gen. Hooker, in the vicinity of Fredericksburg, May 2, 1863, and at Gettysburg, Pa., July lj HOW 456 HOW I8C3 ; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; engaged at Lookout Valley 29 Oct. ; Mission. Ridge 23-25 Nov. 1863; relief of Knoxville, Dec. 1863; 27 July, 1864, com. army of the Tenn. ; in all the battles of the Ga. campaign, ending in the cap ture of Atlanta, 2 Sept. 1864 ; com. the right wing of Sherman s army in the march to the sea and the invasion of the Carolinas ; brig.- gen. U.S.A. Dec. 21, 1864; brev. maj.-gen. Mar. 13, 1865; commis. of Freedmen s Bu reau 12 May, 1865-30 June, 1872. Howard, SIMEON, D.D. (Edinb. 1785), divine, b. Bridgewater, May 10, 1733 ; d. Aug. 13, 1804. H.U. 1758. He was several years a teacher ; became a preacher, and officiated ab. a year in Nova Scotia. Tutor in H.U. in 1 766 ; pastor of the West Church, Boston, from May 6, 1767, to his death. He was an earnest promoter of the Revol., and was liber al and tolerant in his religious views. Mem ber of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, of the Soc. for propagating the Gospel ; vice- pres. of the Humane Society. He pub. some sermons. Howe, ALBION PARIS, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Standish, Me., Mar. 13, 1818. West Point, 1841. Entering the 4th Art., he was from 1843 to 1846 instr. in math, at West Point. Served with credit in the Mexi can war ; was brev. capt. for Contreras and Churubusco ; became capt. 2 Mar. 1855; was Gen. McClellan s chief of art. in Western Va., and com. a light art. brigade in the Army of the Potomac during the Peninsular campaign ; brig.-gen. of vols. 11 June, 1862, and assigned to a brigade in Couch s division 4th army corps ; maj. 4th Art. Aug. 11, 1863. He was in the battles of Manassas, South Mountain, Antie- tam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and in the Rapidan campaign ; at Rappahannock station 7 Nov., and Mine Run Nov.-Dec. 1863 ; com. Art. Depot, Washington, D.C., 1864-6 ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, ser vices in the Rebellion. Cullum. Howe, ELIAS, Jun., inventor of the sewing- machine, b. Spencer, Ms., 9 July, 1819; d. Brooklyn, L. I., Oct. 3, 1867. He worked on his father s farm and mill till 1835, when he went to Lowell, and was employed in a manuf. of cotton machinery, and afterward worked in a machine-shop in Boston. Here he wrought out his invention, and with the pecuniary aid of Geo. Fisher, an old school-fellow, completed under great difficulties his first machine in May, 1845, and patented it Sept. 10, 1846. Failing to secure public notice or support, he fora time obtained employment as engineer on a railroad, until he broke down completely in health. After spending two years in Eng. in fruitless effort, and suffering absolute penury, he returned home destitute. During his ab sence, his machine had been imitated, and in troduced through the country, regardless of his patent. Howe now found friends who en abled him to establish his rights. After much litigation, he in 1854 established his prior claim to the invention. At the time of the expiration of his patent, Sept. 10, 1867, he had v ealized ab. $2,000,000. He received also the gold medal of the Paris Exposition, and the Cross of the Legion of Honor. During the civil war he contrib. largely in money to sup port the Union cause, and did duty as a private in the 17th Ct. Vols. until his health failed. Howe, GEORGE AUGUSTUS, Lord Vis count, b. 1724; killed near Ticondcroga, July 6, 1758. Eldest son of the second Lord Howe, he succeeded him in 1735. Early in 1757, be ing col. of the 60th, or Roy. Americans, he was ordered to Amer. Sept. 28, 1757, he was app. col. 55th Foot, and, Dec. 29, brig.-gen. in Amer. July 6, 1758, he landed with the.armv under Abercrombie at the outlet of Lake George, and marched towards Ticonderoga. Coming sud denly upon a party of Frenchmen, a skirmish ensued, in which he fell. " In him," says Mante, " the soul of the army seemed to ex pire." Massachusetts erected a monument to his memory in Westminster Abbey. Howe, HENRY, b. N. Haven," Ct., 1816. Son of Gen. Hezekiah, bookseller of N.H., 17751838. Author of " Memoirs of Eminent Mechanics," 1839 ; Hist. Collections of Va., 1854; of Ohio, 1847; "The Great West," 1851 ; " Celebrated Travellers," 1853 ; and, in conjunction with J. W. Barber, Hist. Colls. of N.Y. 1841, and N. J. 1 844. Allibone. Howe, JOSEPH, governor of Nova-Scotia. b. Halifax, Dec. 13, 1804. John, his father, a native of Boston, was assoc. with Mrs. Draper in the pub. of the Boston News Letter in 1775- 6 ; went with the British troops to Halifax ; was printer to the govt. ; also postmaster-gen., and d. 1820. Joseph served an apprenticeship as a printer, assisting occasionally his eldest bro. John, who had succeeded his father as postmaster-gen. In 1827 he purchased, con jointly with Mr. Spike, the Weekly Chronicle newspaper, which was continued under the title of the Acadian; and in Jan. 1828 became sole editor and proprietor of the Nova-Scotian. In 1835 he was tried for libel against the local govt. of Halifax, but was acquitted. In 1840 he became a member of the provincial cabinet ; and soon afterward the old system which he had attacked and exposed was" abolished, and Halifax received a municipal charter. He was a member of the provincial parliament many years; has frequently been colonial agent in Great Britain ; and was a member of the Co lonial Govt. many years, until 1854, when he relinquished his office of prov. sec. to super intend the construction of the first railroad in N.S. He opposed tlfe absorption of N.S. into the Dominion of Canada until certain guaran ties were secured ; and in 1869 took the post of sec. of state in the Dom. Govt. See his Speeches and Public Letters, 2 vols. 1858. Howe, JULIA WARD, poetess and reform er, b. N.Y. May 27, 1819. She was carefully educated by her father, Samuel Ward, and, at an early age, wrote plays and poems, some of the latter of which were pub. In 1843 she married Dr. S. G. Howe, accompanying him upon an extended tour in Europe, which she visited again in 1850. After her return, she pub. in 1854 a small vol. of poems, called " Passion Flowers ; " two years later a second vol., " Words for the Hour." She brought out a play called " The World s Own " in the winter of 1855-6; " Hippolytus," a tragedy, pub. in 1858. During the winter of 1858-^9 457 HOW she accornp. her husband on a trip to Cuba, of which she has pub. an account. She has writ ten many admirable social and philosophic papers, among them " Polarity," " Limitation," " The Fact Accomplished," " The Idea and Name of God," " The Ideal Church," and " The Ideal State." Her " Later Lyrics " ap peared in 1866 ; " From the Oak to the Olive," the story of a trip from London to Athens, was pub. in" 1868. Her splendid "Battle Hymn of the Republic," set to the ringing tramp of the John Brown song, was an effective war- song. She is at present actively engaged with both pen and tongue in forwarding the wo- man s-rights movement. Em. Worn, of the Age. Howe, NATHANIEL, minister of Hopkin- ton, Ms., from Oct. 5, 1791, to his d.,Feb. 15, 1837, b. Ipswich, Ms., Oct. 6, 1764. H.U. 1786. He studied one year under Dr. Wither- spoon of N. J. Coll., and completed his theol. education with Dr. Emmons, of whose Calvin- istic theology he became a zealous expounder. He pub. a Century Sermon, delivered 24 Dec. 1815; "Design of John s Baptism," 1819; " Reply to Dr. Baldwin," 1820 ; a " Catechism with Questions and Proverbs," 1834. His talents were of a high order. The 4th edition of his Century Sermon, with a Memoir by Rev. Elias Nason, was pub. 1851. Howe, RICHARD, Earl, a British adm., b. 19 Mar. 1725; d. 5 Aug. 1799. Third son of the second viscount ; educated at Westmin ster and Eton ; was a midshipm. in Anson s fleet in 1739; and was made post-capt. for gallantry in 1745. M.P. from Dartmouth in 1757 ; succeeded to the family titles and estates on the death of his bro. in Amer. in 1758. He displayed extraordinary courage and coolness on manv occasions ; was made treas. of the navy in 1765; and rear. adm. of the Blue, 18 Oct. 1770. Sent in com. of a fleet to Amer. in 1776, his judicious co-operation was of great service to the army. As joint commiss. with his bro. Sir William, he made several attempts to secure a peaceful adjustment of the strife between the Colonies and the mother-country, and expressed sorrow at his want of success. In Aug. 1778 he had an indecisive action with a superior French fleet under D Estaing off the coast of R.I., both fleets being much shattered by a severe storm. On his return home in 1782 he was made adm. of the Blue, and created a viscount. In Sept. 1782 he suc ceeded in relieving Gibraltar, for which he was thanked by both houses of parliament ; made adm. of the White 24 Sept. 1787 ; and raised to an earldom 19 Aug. 1788. June 1, 1794, H.nve obtained a complete victory over the French fleet, for which he was rewarded with a medal, the order of the garter, and the post of adm. of the fleet, which! he resigned in Apr. 1797. His last service was to prevail on the mutineers at Spithead to return to their duty. A severe criticism, probably by Lord George Germaine, on his naval conduct of the Amer. war, was pub. in 1779. He replied, with a "Narrative of the Transactions of the Fleet in 1779." A monument was erected to his memory in St. Paul s Cathedral See Memoir by Barrow, 8vo, Lond. 1838. Howe, ROBERT, maj.-gen., b. Eng. ; d at the residence of Gen. Clark, near Wilmington, N.C., in Jan. 1787. Was in the English ser vice before the war. In 1775 he was pro claimed against by Gov. Martin as " Robert Howes, alias Howe." Among the earliest and most uncompromising of the patriots of N.C. ; member of the legisl. 1773 ; member of the com. of safety for the county of Brunswick ; and col. of the 2d N. C. regt" of militia. He, together with Cornelius Harnett, was excepted from pardon by Sir H. Clinton in 1776. App. col. of the first N. C. regt., he marched into Va. soon after the affair at Great Bridge, and joined Col. Woodford at Norfolk, in opposi tion to Lord Dunmore. For his activity dur ing this campaign, Congress (Feb. 29, 1776), app. him brig.-gen. in the Cont. army, antf ordered him to Va. In the spring of 1776 his plantation near old Brunswick village was ravaged by Lord Cornwallis. He was made maj.-gen. Oct. 20, 1777; and in the following summer com. an unsuccessful exped. against Florida. Gen. Howe stationed himself with 600 regulars, and a small body of militia, for the defence of Savannah, menaced by Gen. Prevost. Here he was surprised in the night, and defeated by the British under Lieut.-Col. Campbell. Honorably acquitted by a court- martial, his conduct was severely criticised by Christopher Gadsden, and a duel was the con sequence : neither party, however, was injured. Howe afterwards joined Washington on the Hudson; and early in 1781 com. the troops sent to quell the mutiny in the Pa. and N. J. regts., and for his judicious performance of the duty was thanked by the com.-in-chief. In June, 1783, he was ordered on a similar duty to Phila. In May, 1785, he was app. by Con gress to treat with the Western Indians. He was well versed in tactics, a rigid disciplina rian, a good engineer, and a man of cultivated mind. Howe, SAMUEL GRIDLEY, M.D., physician and philanthropist; b. Boston, Nov. 10, 1801. Brown U. 1 82 1 . He studied medicine in Boston, and served as a surgeon in the Greek war for in dependence in 1 824-7. After organizing a regu lar surgical service, at the head of which he was placed, he returned to America to procure help for the Greeks, who were threatened with famine. He established a colony on the Isth mus of Corinth ; but took the swamp-fever in one of his journeys, and was obliged to leave the country in the spring of 1830. He visited Switzerland ; was in Paris during the revol. of July ; and in the summer of 1831 returned to the U. S. t In the following autumn he became interested in the project of establishing an institution for the blind in Boston. He ac cepted the charge ; visited Europe to acquire the necessary information, and engage teach ers ; and the institution, put in operation in 1832, has since been under his control. While in Paris, he was made president of the Polish committee, and undertook to carry and distrib ute funds for the relief of the Polish armv in Prussia, but was arrested, and imprisoned for about 6 weeks, by the Prussian Govt. He was for many years prominent in the antislavery party in Ms. Author of an " Historical Sketch HOW 458 of the Greek Revol.," 1828. U.S. commissioner to San Domingo 1 871 ;d. Boston, Jan. 9, 1876. Howe, SIR WILLIAM, viscount, a British gen., b. 10 Aug. 1729; d. 12 July, 1814. Younger bro. of the adm. ; and, by illegitimate descent, an uncle of King George III. He studied some time at Eton ; became a cornet of dragoons; and disting. himself particularly under Wolfe at Quebec. Col. 4th Foot 1764 ; maj.-gen. 1772. Arrived in Boston in May, 1775 ; and com. at the battle of Bunker s Hill, June 17. On the departure of Gen. Gage, he became com. -in-chief of the British forces in America. Forced to evacuate Boston in March, 1776, he proceeded to Halifax, and in Aug. landed at Staten Island. He defeated the Americans, 27 Aug., at Long Island ; took possession of N. Y. City, Sept. 15; Oct. 28, defeated Washington at White Plains; and, Nov. 16, captured Fort Washington, with its garrison of over 2.000 men; in July, 1777, he sailed to Chesapeake Bay ; defeated Washing ton at the Brandy wine, Sept. 1 1 ; and entered Phila. Sept. 26. He repulsed the attack of Washington at Gerrnantown 4 Oct., and spent the remainder of his stay in Phila. in indolence and pleasure. Superseded by Sir H. Clinton early in 1778, a grand entertainment, called the mischianza, was given in his honor by the officers, 18 May, 1778; soon after which he returned home. On the investigation of his conduct by parliament in 1779, the opinion of Gen. Grey, Lord Cornwallis, and other mili tary men, was, that he had done all that could be expected, considering the insufficiency of his force. Made lieut.-gen. of ordnance in 1782 ; in 1786 col. 19th Dragoons, and full gen. ; gov. of Berwick in 1795 ; and in 1799, on the death of his bro., succeeded to the Irish viscounty. At the time of his death he was a privy coun cillor, and gov. of Plymouth. Howe had neither sufficient experience nor ability for the important com. assigned him in America. He was, with his bro. the admiral, a commiss. to settle the difficulties with the Americans. He pub. a narrative of his operations in N. America in 1779-80. Howell, DAVID, LL.D. (B. U. 1793), ju rist, b. N. J., Jan. 1, 1747 ; d. July 29, 1824. N. J. Coll. 1766. Removing to R.I., he was in 1769 app. prof, of nat. philos. and math. ; and was from 1790 to 1824 prof, of law in Brown U. He established himself in the practice of the law at Providence, and rose to eminence in the profession ; was for some time atty.-gen. of the State, and judge of the Supreme Court ; member Cont. Congress 1782-5 ; and after the re-organization of the Gen. Govt. he was app. a commiss. for settling the eastern boundary of the U. S. ; subsequently dist. atty. ; and from 1812 to his d. dist. judge for R. I. He was a man of great wit, learning, and elo quence; a disting. classical scholar, and a pungent and effective political writer. His son JEREMIAH BROWN HOWELL, U.S. sen ator from R.I. 1811-17, B. U. 1789, d. 1822, a. 50. Howell, ELIZABETH (LLOYD), widow of Robert Howell of Phila., native and resident of Phila. Author of " Milton s Prayer of Pa tience; " also contrib. several poems to the " Wheat Sheaf," a collection of prose and poe> try, Phila. l852. Allibone. Howell. JOHN C.,capt. U.S.N., b. Pa. Juna 9,1819. Midshipm. June 9, 1836; lieut. Aug. 2, 1849; command. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. Served in " The Minnesota," N. AtL block, squad., 1861 ; in the battle of Hatteras Inlet ; com. steamer " Tahamo," E. Gulf block, squad., 1862-3; steamer 4> Nereus," N. Atl. block, squad., 1864-5 ; in the two actions at Fort Fisher, Dec. 1864 and Jan. 1865 ; fleet-capt. European squad. 1869-71. Hamersly. Howell, JOSEPH, paym.-gen. Revol. army ; d. Phila. Aug. 1798, a. 48. Howell, JOSHUA B., brig.-gen. vols., b. Pa. 1799; killed 14 Sept. 1864 near Petersburg, Va., by being thrown from his horse. Col. 85th Pa. Vols.; wounded in several battles; and had recently been made brig.-gen. Howell, RICHARD, statesman and soldier, b.Del. 1754 ; d. Trenton, N. J., Apr. 28, 1802. He practised law ; com. a company of grena diers before the war; was in 1775 app. capt. 2d N. J. regt. ; disting. himself at Quebec ; pro moted to maj 1776; and com. his regt. iintil 1779. App. judge-advocate of the army in Sept. 1782, but declined. Resuming practice, he was clerk of the Supreme Court from 1778 to June 3, 1793; and gov. from 1794 to Oct. 1801. His bro. REDNAP HOWELL, poet, b. N. J., taught school on Deep River, N.C. ; composed many patriotic songs. Author of a pamphlet pub. in Boston, 1771, entitled "A Fan for Fanning, and a Touch for Tryon." Howell, ROBERT BOYTE CRAWFORD, D.D., Baptist clergyman, and author, b. Wayne Co., N.C., Mar. 10, 1801; d. Nashville, Tenn., April 5, 1868. Col. Coll., D.C., 1826. Pastor of the Cumberland-st. Church, Norfolk, Va., from Jan. 27, 1827, to 1835 ; of the First Bapt. Church, Nashville, from 1835 to 1850; of the 2d Bapt. Church, Richmond, Va., from 1850 to 1857 ; and from this time till his death was again pastor of the church at Nashville. Both in Richmond and Nashville he was prom inent in educational institutions. Dr. Howell pub. "The Evils of Infant Baptism," "The Cross," "The Covenant," "The Early Bap tists of Va.," " Communion," " The Deacon- ship," " The Way of Salvation," &c. He left unpub. "A Memorial of the First Bapt. Church of Nashville from 1820 to 1863," and an elab orate work on " The Family." Howells, WILLIAM DEAN, author, b. Mar- tinsville, Belmont Co., 0., Mar. 1, 1837. Of his father, a printer and publisher, he learned the business at Hamilton, 0. ; whither his par ents moved in 1840. He has been editorially connected with the Cincinnati Gazette, and Ohio State Journal; and since July, 1870, has edited the Atlantic Monthly; and has contrib. to the latter, to the North-American Review, The Na tion, Putnam s Magazine, Saturday Press, &c. He pub. with Mr. J. J. Piatt, in 1860, a volume of verse. Specimens of his poetry are in Cogges- hall s " Poets and Poetry of the West." Au thor of " Suburban Sketches ; " " Venetian Life;" "No Love Lost," a poem, 1868; and " Italian Journeys." Howison, ROBERT R., b. Fredericksburg. Va., 1820. Practised law since 1845. Author HOW 459 HUB of" Hist, of Va. to 1847," 2 vols. 8vo, 1846-8; Lives of Gens. Morgan, Marion, and Gates, pub. in 1847 in R. W. Griswold s "Generals of the Amer. Revol. ; " " Grim. Trials," Rich mond, 8vo, 1851. Allibone. Howland, JOHN, b. Newport, R.I., 31 Oct. 1757 ; d. Providence, R.I., 5 Nov. 1854. De scended from JOHN, a Pilgrim of 1620, an as sist, and a leading man of the Plym. Colony, who m. Elizab., dau. of Gov. Carver, and d. Kingston, Ms., 23 Feb. 1673, a. 80. John re moved to Providence in 1770; served 13 mos. in the Revol. army; was 21 years pres. of the R. I. Hist. Soc., and skilled in the history and antiquities of Plym. Colony. Author of seve ral addresses, orations, and hist, papers. See Life by Reu. E. M. Stone, 1856. Howland, WILLIAM PEARCE, minister of inland rev. for the Dora, of Canada, b. N. Y. 29 May, 1811. Removed to Canada at an earlv age, and became a leading merchant. M. C. P. for the West Riding of York since 1858 ; member exec, council and min. of finance May, 1862-May. 1863, and again from Oct. 1866; receiver-gen. May, 1863-March, 1864 ; and postnuister-gen. from Nov. 1864 to Oct. 1866. Delegate to Eng. upon the union of the Provinces in 1866; and a liberal in politics. Men of the Time. HOWS, JOHN W. S., prof, of oratory in Col. Coll. since 1843, b. London, Eng., 1797. Au thor of " Shakspeariari Reader," 1846 ; "Prac tical Elocutionist," 1849; "Golden Leaves from the Amer. and Brit. Poets," 2 vols. 1864- 5; "Golden Leaves from the Dramatic Poets." He edited the "Modern Standard Drama;" and was 7 years dramat. critic of the N. Y. Al bion; d. N.Y. City, July 27, 1871. Hoyt, BENJAMIN THOMAS, educator, b. Boston, 18 Oct. 1820; d. Greencastle, Ind., 24 May, 1867. Wesl. U. 1846. Son of the Rev. Benj. Ray and Lucinda (Freeman) Hoyt. Prin cipal of the high schools of Middletown, Ct., and Chelsea, Ms., successively, from 1846 to 1852 ; pres. of the Institute of Lawrenceburg, and of the coll. for young women in Indianap olis, Ind., from 1852 to 1858; prof, of Latin from 1858 to 1863; and from 1863 to his d. was prof, of belles-lettres and hist, in the Ind. Asbury U. As editor of the State School Jour- nal, pres. of the State Teachers Assoc., and as supt. of schools, he rendered great service to the cause of education in Ind. His bro. AL BERT HARRISON ed. N. E. Hist, and Geneal. Re</., Boston ; b. 6 Dec. 1826. Wcsl. U. 1850. Adm. to the bar 1855; city solic. Portsmouth, N. H., 1857-8; and pres. com. council 1858; practised law in P. ; and was a paym. in the civil war, rank of major, and brev. lieut.-col. Hoyt, GEN. EPAPHRAS, hist, and antiq. writer, b. Deerfield, Ms., Dec. 31, 1765; d. there Feb. 8, 1850. He devoted himself to perfecting the vol. militia system of the country. Instructions ; " " Cavalry Treatise on the Military Antiquarian Researches, 1824 : besides which he left completed, with maps, for publication, a work to be entitled " Burgoyne s Campaigns;" and had partly finished a history of the French and Indian wars. lie held many civil as well as military effecting the vol. mil e pub. "Military ] Discipline," 1797 ; " Art," 1793; and " 1 offices, among the latter that of maj.-gen. m the Ms. militia ; and received an app. in the army under Gen. Washington, but declined. Hoyt, JOSEPH GIBSON, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1859), b. Dunbarton, N.H., 19 Jan. 1815; d. St. Louis, Mo., 26 Nov. 1862. Y.C. 1840. Instr. in math, and nat. philos. in Phillips Acad., Exeter, N.H., in 1841, and continued a member of the faculty of that institution for 18 years ; chancellor and prof, of Greek in Wash. U., St. Louis, from 1859 to his d. In 1845-6 he revised and enlarged Colton s Greek Reader. A vol. of his Miscellaneous Writings, Ad dresses, Lectures, and Reviews, was pub. Bos ton, 1863. A commem. discourse by Prof S. Waterhouse, del. in St. Louis 20 Jan. 1863, has also been pub. Hubbard, HENRY, judge and Democ. poli tician, b. Charlestown, N.H., May 3, 1784 ; d. there June 5, 1857. Dartm. Coll. 180c ! . He studied law and commenced practice in Charles- town ; he was 1 1 years a member of the State legisl., and for some years speaker of the house; was judge of probate for Sullivan Co. 1827-9; M.C. 1829-35, and speaker for a short time during the 23d Cong.; U.S. senator in 1835- 41; gov. of N.H. in 1842-3; and in 1846-9 U.S. assist, treas. in Boston. Hubbard, JOHN, educator, b. Townsend, Ms., Aug. 8, 1759; d. Hanover, N.H., Aug. 14, 1810. Dartm. Coll. 1785. He studied theology; became the preceptor of the New Ipswich and Deerfield Academies; was judge of probate for Cheshire Co. 1798-1802; and was prof. math, and nat. philos. at Dartm. Coll. 1804-10. He pub. an Oration, July 4, 1799; "Rudiments of Geography," 1803; " Am. Reader," 1808; " Essay on Music." Hubbard, JOHN, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1822), LL.D. (Wat. Coll. 1851), gov. of Me. 1850-3, b. Readfield, Me., Mar. 22, 1794 ; d. Hallo well, Me., Feb. 6, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1816. He was a Democrat, and was a hearty supporter of the liquor prohibition act known as " The Maine Law." He taught at Hallowell Acad., Me., 2 years, and in Dinwiddie Co., Va., 2 years; practised medicine in Dinwiddie Co., Va., in 1822-9 ; removed to Hallowell in 183C State senator in 1842-3; agent for the U.S treas. for the N.E. States 1857-9; and in 1859-61 a commissioner under the Reciprocity Treaty with Great Britain. Hubbard, JONATHAN HATCH, many years judge of the Sup. Court of Vt., b. 1768; d. Windsor, Vt., Sept. 20, 1849. M.C. 1809-11. Hubbard, JOSEPH STILLMAN, astronomer, b. N. Haven, 7 Sept. 1823; d. there Aug. 16, 1863. Y.C. 1843. He was in 1844 an assist. in the High School Observatory ; and was in 1845 app. prof of math, at the Naval Observa tory at Washington, a post he filled until his death. The volumes of Washington " Observa tions " exhibit his great skill as an observer and a computer. He made valuable contributions to Gould s Astron. Journal, among them papers on Biela s Comet and on the Orbit of Egeria. The article " Telescope," in "The New Amer. Cyclopedia," was from his pen. Y. C. Ob. Record. Hubbard, R- W., landscape-painter, b. Middletowu, Ct., 1816. He kept school urtil HUB 460 HUD 1836; entered the studio of Prof. Morse in 1838; and was in Europe in 1840-1; has paintad, among other works, " Afternoon in Autumn," "View on Lake Champlain, " " Mansfield Mountain at Sundown, and " Showery Day, Lake George." His pieces are remarkable for harmony of tone, simplicity of aim, devotion to truth, and a quiet but seri ous feeling. Lake George, Lake Dun more, and the Ct. River, have been his favorite stud ies. Tuckerman. Hubbard, SAMUEL, LL.D. (H.U. 1842), jurist, b. Boston, June 2, 1785; d. there Dec. 24, 1847. Y.C. 1802. He studied law, and practised at Biddeford, Me., from 1806 to 1810, when he connected himself in business at Bos ton with Judge Jackson, his former legal tutor. His talents and character Avon for him a com manding position at the bar. He was well acquainted with mercantile law. Judge of the Supreme Court of Ms. 1 842-7. Hubbard, SAMUEL DICKINSON, LL.D. (Wesl. U. 1854), postmaster-gen. 1852-3, b. Middletown, Ct., Aug. 10, 1799 ; d. there Oct. 8, 1855. Y. C. 1819. He studied law, but, having a large property from his father, did not engage in practice, devoting himself chiefly to the manufac. business. He was a Whig ; M.C. in 1845-9. A contrib. to the various benevolent enterprises of the day. He was many years pres. of the Middletown Bible So ciety, and took a lively interest in public schools. Hubbard, WILLIAM, clergyman and his torian, b. Eng. 1621 ; d. Ipswich, Sept. 14, 1704. H.U. 1642. Son of Wm. of Ipswich and Boston, who came from Lond. in 1635, d. 1670. He was settled at Ipswich 16 Nov. 1658, where he was visited in 1686 by John Dunton, who gives a good account of his hospitality, amia bility, and acquirements. He pub. " The Pres ent State of New England," being a narrative of the troubles with the Indians from 1607 to 1677, to which is added a discourse ab. the war with the Pequots, 4to, 1677; "Memoirs of Maj.-Gen, Denison," 1684 ; and a number of sermons. He wrote a Hist, of N. Eng., for which the State paid him 50, and which was used by Mather, Hutchinson, and other writers. The Ms. Hist. Soc. printed it in 1815: second ed., by W. T. Harris, 1848. In 1688 he was temporary rector or pres. of H.U. His son NATHANIEL was a judge of the Superior Court. Hudson, CHARLES, politician and hist, writer, b. Marlborough, Ms., Nov. 14, 1795. Ord. 1819. M. A. of H.U. 1841. He was a teacher and a farm laborer, then a Universalist preacher ; member Ms. house of rep. 1828-33 ; State senator 1833-9 ; councillor 1839-41 ; M.C. 1841-9; naval officer of Boston 1849-53. He edited the Boston Daily Atlas, a Whig daily paper, for some years ; and has pub. "Hist, of Westminster," 1832; "Hist, of Marl- borough," 1862; "Hist, of Lexington, Ms.," .868 ; " Letters to H. Ballou," 1827 ; Reply to Balfbur s Essays," 1829; and "Doubts con cerning the Battle of Bunker s Hill," 12mo, 1857. Hudson, HENRY, an English discoverer, of whose parentage or education nothing is Vaown. He was sent out in 1607 by some London merchants, in a small vessel, for tha purpose of exploring a north-east passage to China and Japan. He sailed May 1 with a crew of only 10 men and a boy beside himself, and, proceeding beyond the 80th deg. of lat., re turned to Eng. in Sept. The next year, in a second voyage, he landed at Nova Zembla, but could proceed no farther eastward. He under took in 1609 a third voyage, under the patron age of the Dutch E. I. Company. Being un successful in his attempts to find a north-east passage, he sailed for Davis s Straits, but struck the continent of America in 44 N. lat., and, holding a southerly course, discovered Cape Cod, on which he landed. He then pursued his course to the Chesapeake, and, returning along the coast, entered the river now bearing his name, which he ascended ab. 50 leagues in a boat. His last voyage was undertaken in 1610, when he was fitted out by Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Dudley Digges, and other friends. He sailed April 17 in the bark "Discovery" with a crew of 23 men, and on the 4th of June came in sight of Greenland. Proceed ing westward, he reached, in 60 clegs, of lat., the strait bearing his name. Through this he advanced along the coast of Labrador, which he named Nova Britannia, until it issued into the vast bay, which is also called after him. He resolved to winter in the most southern part of it ; and the ship was drawn up in a small creek, where they sustained extreme privations, owing to the severity of the climate. Hudson, however, fitted up his shallop for fur ther discoveries; but unable to communicate with the natives, or revictual his ship, with tears in his eyes he distrib. his little remaining bread to his men, and prepared to return. Having a dissatisfied and mutinous crew, he imprudent ly threatened to set some of them ashore, when he was seized by a body of them at night, and set adrift in his own shallop with his son John and seven of the most infirm of the crew, and never afterwards heard of. A small part of the crew, after enduring incredible hardships, arrived at Plymouth in Sept. 1611. Hudson pub. " Divers Voyages and Northern Discov eries," 1607; "A Second Voyage for finding a Passage to the E. Indies by the North-east/ 1608. Accounts of some of his other voyages have been pub. in Purchas s " Pilgrims." " A Collection of Documents forming a Monograph of the Voyages of Henry Hudson," edited with an Introduction by George Asher, was pub. in London by the Hakluyt Society in 1859. See J. M. Read s (fun.) Hist. Inquiry concerning Hudson, 8vo, 1866. Hudson, HENRY NORMAN, clergyman and essayist, b. Cornwall, Vt., Jan. 28, 1814. Mid. Coll. 1840. He was brought up a farmer, and apprenticed to a coach-maker in Middlebury. He taught school a year in Ky., and 2 years in Huntsville, Ala., where he wrote and delivered a course of lectures on Shakspeare, which he afterward delivered successfully in many places, and finally printed in N.Y., 2 vols. 12mo, 1848. Entering the Ep. church in 1844, he was ord. in 1849 to the priesthood. He has since edited an edition of Shakspeare, 11 vols. 12 mo, Bos ton, 1850-7 ; for a short time edited the Church Monthly, and contrib. to various periodicals. HUT) 461 HUG- Rector of the Epis. church in Litchfield, Ct., in 1859-60. In the winter of 1860-1 he de livered a new course of Shakspearian lectures in N.Y. and other cities. He is now a teacher in Boston. During the civil war he was a chap lain in the army. He pub. in 1865 " A Chap lain s Campaign with Gen. Butler." Hudson, WILLIAM L-, capt. U.S.N., b. New York, May 11, 1794; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Oct. 15, 1862. Entering the navy Jan. 1, 1816, he became lieut. Apr. 28, 1826 ; com. Nov. 2, 1842; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; second in com. of Wilkes s exploring exped, in 1838, he com. the sloop-of-war "Peacock " when lost by her pilot s carelessness on the bar at the mouth of Columbia River; in 1857 com. "The Niag ara" in the first, and in 1858 in the second and successful effort at laying the Atlantic Cable. For this service he received from the Govts. of Great Britain and Russia several valuable gifts, and marks of distinction. Huger (u-jee ), GEN. BENJAMIN, son of Col. F. K. Huger, b. Charleston, S.C., 1806. West Point, 1825. Entering the 3d Art., he be came capt. of ordnance May 30, 1832, and chief of ordnance to Gen. Scott s army in Mexico in 1847-8 ; was brev. major for gallantry at Vera Cruz, lieut.-col. for Molino del Rey, and col. for Chapultepec; became major Feb. 15, 1855; resigned Apr. 22, 1861, and was made a Con- fed, brig.-gen. He was employed at Richmond and vicinity ; led a division at Fair Oaks 31 May, and at Malvern Hill 1 July, 1862; and com., with the rank of maj.-gen., at Norfolk, before its occupation by the Federal forces, May 10, 1862 For his failure to hold that place he was retired from active service. Huger, FRANCIS KINLOCH, d. Charleston, S.C., Feb. 15, 1855, a. 81. Son of Col. Benj. Huger, who was killed before the lines of Charleston in 1780; and was the pupil of the celebrated John Hunter. While at Vienna in 1798, he joined Dr. Eric Bollman in an attempt to liberate Lafayette from the dungeons of Ol- mutz, an enterprise that led to the protracted incarceration of the young patriots. The Mar quis de Lafayette first landed on American soil, on the plantation of Huger s father, in 1777. In 1798, on his liberation, and return to his na tive land, he was app. a capt. in the army. On the breaking-out of the war of 1812 he was app. lieut.-col. 2d regt. of art. ; adj. -gen. (rank of col.) Apr. 6, 1813. Col. H. served in both branches of the S. C. legisl. Huger, ISAAC, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Limerick plantation, S. C., Mar. 19, 1742; d. Charleston, Nov. 1797. Of Huguenot descent. He was one of five patriot bros. disting. in the struggle for independence, DANIEL, a delegate to Congress 1786-8, and a representative from 1789 to 93, d. 1799 ; JOHN, well known in the councils of the State, of which he was sec., d. 1804 ; FRANCIS, who was an officer at the bat tle of Fort Moultrie, and Q. M. gen. Southern dept., d. Charleston, S. C., Aug. 1800; Maj. BENJAMIN, who fell at the lines of Charleston May 11, 1780. Their parents were wealthy ; and the sons completed their education in Eu rope. Isaac was an officer in the Cherokee ex ped. in 1760 ; was made lieut.-col. 1st S.C. regt. June 17, 1775; and subsequently col. of the 5th regt. He opposed the invasion of Ga. by Camp bell and Prevost, with whom he had several skirmishes, but was obliged to retreat before his skilful and superior enemy. App. brig.- gen. Jan. 19, 1779, he com. the left wing at the battle of Stono, June 20, 1779, and was wound ed while gallantly leading his men. In tha unsuccessful attack on Savannah, Huger led the Ga. and S. C. militia. During the siege of Charleston, with a body of light troops he was employed in cutting off supplies to the ene my, and keeping open the communication be tween the town and country, but suffered a surprise at Monk s Corner, where his force was defeated and dispersed by Tarleton and Web ster. He joined the army of Greene ; com. the Virginians at the battle of Guilford, and was severely wounded ; and com. the right wing at Hobkirk s Hill, where his efforts to regain the day exposed him to the greatest dangers. He returned to his estate at the close of the war. Hughes, AARON K., capt. U.S.N., b. N.Y. Oct. 20, 1821. Midshipm. Oct. 20, 1838; lieut. Sept. 9, 1853 ; com. Nov. 16, 1862 ; capt. Feb. 10, 1869 ; lighthouse insp. 1867-8. While at tached to "The Decatur" in Puget Sound, Wash. Terr., he had a fight on shore at the town of Seattle with 500 hostile Indians, whom he defeated Jan. 26, 1856. Com. steamer "Mo hawk," S. Atl. block, squad., 1862-3; com. steamer " Cimmaron/ S. Atl. block, squad., 1863-4; and in several engagements with reb els on the Atlantic coast 1861-4. While in com. of steamer "Water Witch," in Nov. 1861, he endeavored to cut out a schooner which had grounded near Fort Morgan, but was prevent ed by the guns of the fort. Nov. 9, 1862, he accomp. an exped. which destroyed St Mary s, Ga., and drove out a large body of rebels con cealed there. Hamersly. Hughes, JOHN, D.D., a Catholic prelate, b. County Tyrone, Ireland, 1797; d.N.Y. City, Jan. 3, 1864. The son of a respectable farmer. He emig. to America in 1817. His father placed him with a florist; but he devoted his spare time to study, and entered the Theol. Sem. of Mt. St. Mary s, Emmetsburg, Md., where he remained several years, most of the time as a teacher. Ord. priest in 1825, and was settled in a parish in Phila. In 1830 and 34 he carried on public controversies with Rev. J. Breckenridge, both of which were pub. Con- sec. Jan. 7, 1838, coadjutor of Bishop Dubois of N.Y. ; upon the death of the latter, 1842, he succeeded to the office, and was made arch bishop in 1850. His first measures were di rected to a reform in the tenure of church rperty, then vested in lay trustees. In 1839 visited France, Austria, and Italy, to obtain pecuniary aid for his diocese. Having pur chased property at Fordham in WestchesterCo., he organized and opened there in 1841 the St. John s Coll. and the Theol. Sem. of St. Joseph. He was prominent in the effort made by the Cath olics to modify the existing school-system in their favor, and was successful. In Aug. 1842 he held the first diocesan synod of N. Y. His "Rules for the Administration of Churches without Trustees," pub. in 1845, embody the system adopted by this synod. Offered in 1846, by Pres. Polk, a special mission to Mexico, he HTJGJ- 462 HTJL declined it. In 1847 he delivered in the Rep resentatives Hall at Washington, by request of Congress, a lecture, " Christianity the Only Source of Moral, Social, and Political Regen eration." The first provincial council of N.Y. was held in 1854, and attended by 7 suffragans. Involved in a controversy with Hon. Erastus Brooks on the church-property question, the archbishop subsequently collected and pub. the letters on both sides, with an introd. reviewing the trustee system, N.Y. 1855. He pub. a num ber of lectures and pamphlets. At the com mencement of the Rebellion in 1861, he, with Thurlow Weed, was selected by Sec. Seward to go to Europe to counteract the plottings of rebel agents. His sister ELLEN (Mother An- fela), superior of St. Vincent s Hospital, b. reland ab. 1800, d. N. Y. City, Sept. 5, 1866. She came to this country in 1818, and was ed ucated in a convent at Frederick, Md. She joined the Sisterhood of Charity at 22 ; and in 1846 was chosen superior for 6 years. For the last 1 1 years of her life she had been direc tor of the hospital in llth Street. During the war she was active in aiding the sanitary com mission. Hughes, ROBERT BALL, sculptor, b. Lon don, Jan. 19, 1806; d. Boston, March 5, 1868. At the age of 12 he made out of wax-candle ends a bas-relief copy of a picture representing the wisdom of Solomon, which was afterward cast in silver. He was 7 years in the studio of E. H. Bailey, where he successfully competed for the prizes awarded by the Royal Acad., gaining the large silver medal for the best copy in bas-relief of the Apollo Belvedere ; also the silver medal of the Society of Arts and Sci ences for a copy of the Barberini Faun; the large silver medal for the best original model from life; and a gold medal for an original composition, "Pandora brought by Mercury to Epimetheus." He next made busts of George IV., the Dukes of Sussex, York, and Cambridge, besides a statuette of George IV., which was subsequently cast in bronze. He emig. in 1829 to New York. His first work of importance was the marble statue of Ham ilton, which was destroyed by fire in 1835, and was the first work of its class executed in Amer ica. In Trinity Church, N.Y., is his monu mental alto-relief of life-size in memory of Bishop Hobart. In the Boston Atheneeum are his casts of "Little Nell," and the group "Un cle Toby and Widow Wadman." A statue of " Oliver Twist" is in the coll. of his early pa tron, the late Duke of Devonshire. Among his other works are a model for an equestrian statue of Washington, intended for the city of Phila. ; a " Crucifixion ; " the statue of Nathl. Bowditch in bronze in Mt. Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Ms. ; a spirited statuette of Gen. Warren ; and a bust of W. Irving. Mr. Hughes appeared for a season as a lecturer upon art. He was for some years a resident of Dorches ter, Ms. Hull, ISAAC, commo. U. S. N., b. Derby, Ct., 9 Mar. 1775; d. Phila. 13 Feb. 1843. Joseph his father, a Revol. officer, long an in mate of the Jersey prison-ship, d. Jan. 1826, a. 75. Isaac entered the merchant-service, and 9.t 19 com. a ship which sailed to Lond. Made a lieut. in the U. S. N. 9 Mar. 1798; master- comdt. 18 May, 1804 ; and capt. 23 Apr. 1806. In 1800, while 1st lieut. of "The Constitution," he manned a small sloop from that vessel ; ran into Port Platte, Hayti, at noonday ; boarded and took a French letter-of-marque; and then landed, and spiked the guns of the battery before the com. officer could prepare for defence. He also disting. himself before Tripoli, on the coast of Barbary, in the exped. of Gen. Eaton against Algiers, and in the Bay of Naples, protecting American shipping against an apprehended onslaught of the French. 12 July, 1812, he sailed in com. of " The Constitution " from Annapolis, and, after a 3 days chase by a British squad., escaped by skilful seamanship. The wind was light and baffling ; and Hull resorted to the novel and successful expedient of sending his boats ahead with a kedge, to which the ship was warped up ; the kedge then being weighed while another was carried out. In this way, he left his pursuers before they discovered how it was done. Aug. 19 he encountered and captured the British frigate " Guerriere " after an action at close quarters of about half an hour. She was so much injured, that she was burned. For this capture, the first in the war, Com. Hull received from Congress a gold medal. He was subsequently a naval commis sioner ; com. the navy-yards at Boston, Ports mouth, and Washington ; and in Oct. 1842 took up his residence in Phila. Hull, CAPT. JOHN, goldsmith, b. Market Hareborough, Leicestershire, Eng., 18 Dec. 1 624 ; d. Boston, Sep. 30, 1 683. Robert his fa ther arrived at Boston 28 Sept. 1635. App. mintmaster of the Ms. Colony 10 June, 1652 ; town treas. 1660-1 ; capt. Art. Co. 1671 ; dep. to Gen. Court 1669, 71-3 ; treas. of the Colo ny 1675-80 ; assist. 1680-2. His " Diary and Memoirs" are in " Amer. Antiq. Soc. Colls." iii. Hull, JOSEPH B., commo. U.S.N., b. West- chester, N.Y Midship. Nov. 9, 1813; lieut. Jan. 13, 1825 ; com. Sept. 8, 1841 ; capt. Sept. 14,1855; commo. July 16, 1862; light-h. insp. 1st dist. Oct. 15, 1869. Com. sloop "War ren" in the Pacific 1843-7 ; cut out the Mexi can gun-brig " Malek Adhel," off Mazatlan, and com. the northern dist. of Cal. for a short period before the close of the Mexican war ; com. frigate "St. Lawrence," Brazil squad, and Paraguay exped., 1856-9; and corn, the Savan nah coast blockade, June-Sept. 1861 ; superint. building of gunboats at St. Louis 1862-4 ; retired 21 Dec. 186i. Hamersly. Hull, GEN. WILLIAM, b. Derby, Ct., June 24, 1753; d. Newton, Ms., Nov. 25, 1825. Y.C. 1772. He studied divinity a year; then became a student at the Litchfield Law School ; was adm. to the bar in 1775 ; but, being app. capt. in Webb s regt., joined the army at Cam bridge. Hull was at Dorchester Heights, White Plains, Trenton, and Princeton, where he was promoted to a majority ; at Ticondero- ga ; the surrender of Burgoyne ; at Mon mouth and Stony Point; lieut. -col. in 1779; was an inspector under Baron Steuben ; a col. in the capture of Cornwallis ; and was sent on a mis sion to Quebec to demand the surrender of 463 HUM: Niagara, Detroit, and several smaller forts. He com. the exped. against Morrisania in Jan. 1781, for which he received the thanks of Washington and of Congress. After the war, he practised law with reputation in Newton, became wealthy, and was long a leading man in the Ms. house and senate. Maj.-gen. Ms. militia 1796. In Shays s insurrection, he com. the left wing of Gen. Lincoln s troops, and, by a forced march through a violent snow-storm, surprised the insurgents in their camp, who fled in every direction. In 1793 he was a corn- miss, to U. Canada to treat with the Indians. In 1798 he visited Europe ; and on his return was app. judge of C.C.P. ; was elected to the State senate; and from 1805 to 1814 was gov. of Michigan Terr. App. brig.-gen. and com. of the North-west army, he surrendered De troit, Aug. 15, 1812, to the British general Brock, and was in 1814 condemned by court- martial for cowardice, and sentenced to be shot, but was pardoned by Pres. Madison on account of his Revol. services. In 1824 Hull pub. " Campaign of the North-west Army, 1812," in a series of letters in defence of his conduct; and in 1848 his dau., Mrs. Maria Campbell of Ga., and his grandson, Rev. James Freeman Clarke, pub. his biography. After a critical examination of the whole case, the lat ter remarks that the charge of cowardice, when examined, becomes incredible and absurd. He pub. a defence of himself, 1814 ; and an oration before the Cincinnati, July 4, 1788. Humbert (hun -bair ), JOSEPH AMABLE, a French gen., b. Rouvergne, Nov. 25, 1755; d. N.Orleans, Jan. 2, 1823. Gen. of brig. Apr. 1794; served in the Army of the West; gen. of division in 1798, he com. the advanced guard of the army destined to make a descent on Ireland. A storm dispersed the fleet ; but Humbert, with ab. 1,500 men, landed at Killala, and, after some successes, was attacked, and forced to capitulate, by Lord Cornwallis, Sept. 8. He served in the Army of the Danube, and was wounded, in 1799; in the exped. to St. Domingo in 1802, where he disting. himself greatly. Incurring the displeasure of Napo-> leon, he came to the U.S. in 1814, and served under Jackson, when N. Orleans was attacked by British force, as major com. a French legion, until Apr. 1815. On the rising of the Spanish colonies, he formed at N. Orleans a corp of ab. 2,000 men of all nations, and joined the insur gents. Successes were followed by disasters ; and Humbert was obliged to return to N. Or leans, where he d. in poverty. Humboldt, VON, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH ALEXANDER, baron, an illustrious traveller and naturalist, b. Berlin, Prussia, 14 Sept. 1769 ; d. there 6 May, 1859. His father was on the staff of the Duke of Brunswick in the Seven-Years War ; his bro. Karl William was an eminent philologist and statesman He stud ied at the Universities of Frankfort and Got- tiugen ; travelled in France, Holland, and Eng. in 1790; and was made director-gen, of the mines of Anspach and Baireuth in 1 792. From June, 1799, to July, 1804, he explored with Bonpland the northern part of S. Amer., es pecially the countries drained by the Orinoco and ihe Rio Negro ; ascended the Magdalena as far as possible by water, penetrating by land to Quito; in June, 1802, they ascended Chimborazo to a point 19,000 feet or more above the level of the sea, the highest point of the Andes ever reached by man ; passed nearly a year in Mexico ; and, after visiting the U.S., returned to Europe with rich collections of plants, animals, and minerals. He spent ab. 20 years in Paris, digesting and publishing the results of his observations in a " Journey to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent," 3 vols. ; " Astronomical Observations," &c., 2 vols. 1808-10; "View of the Cordilleras," &c., 1810; "Observations on Zoology and Comparative Anatomy;" "Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain," 2 vols. 1811 ; and " General Physics and Geology." His great work, " Kosmbs," was undertaken when he was 74 years old (1845-58). An English translation of his "Personal Narrative of Travels " was made by Helen Maria Williams, 5 vols. 1814-21. In 1810 he was chosen a member of the French Institute. In 1826 he removed to Berlin ; received the title of coun cillor ; and between 1830 and 1848 was sent to Paris on several political missions. In 1829, with Ehrenberg and Rose, he made a scientific exploration of Asiatic Russia, one result of which was his "Central Asia," 3 vols. 1843. His " Botanical Collections in the New World " were pub. in 7 vols. 1813-23. He pub. many other works, among which is a " Critical Ex amination of the Geography of the New Con tinent," 5 vols. 1835-8; and "Aspects of Nature," 1808. No traveller has yet appeared, so well fitted by extensive and varied culture and acquirements, and by natural endowments of the highest kind, to enlarge the boundaries of human knowledge. He was a member of all the principal learned bodies in the world. See J. Bauer, Lives of the Brothers Humboldt. Humfrey, MAJOR-GEN. JOHN, b. Dorches ter, Eng. ; d. 1661. He was bred a lawyer; possessed wealth and reputation ; was one of the 6 original purchasers of Ms., Mar. 19, 1628, from the Council of Plymouth ; treasurer of the comp., and one of the most influential in promoting the settlement of the Colony ; was chosen dep.-gov. of the Ms. Co. at their" second meeting in Eng., and came to N. Eng. in 1634 with his wife, Lady Susan, dau. of the Earl of Lincoln, and with their 6 children went to re side at Swampscott. He was an assist, from 1632 to 1641, and first maj.-gen. of the Colony 1641. In 1636, with Capt. Nathl. Turner, he laid out the bounds of Ipswich. He returned to Eng. with his wife, Oct. 26, 1641. Humming-Bird, a Choctaw chief; d. Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 23, 1827, a. 75. He was friendly to the U.S., and fought on its side in many battles against the red men. He led 60 warriors in the campaigns of Wayne and Scott in 1794, and also disting. himself in the war against the Creeks and British. His commis sion and silver medal, received from Washing ton, were buried in his coffin. Humphrey, CHARLES, Revol. patriot, b. Haverford, Pa., ab. 1712; d. there 1786. He was brought up in the milling-business, in which he was long and extensively engaged. A member of the Prov. Assembly 1764-75, and 464 of Congress in 1775-6. In that body, though lie opposed the oppressive measures of Great Britain, he voted against the Decl. of Indep. He was a man of integrity, and a peacemaker for his neighborhood. Smith s Del. Co. Humphrey, HEMAN, D.D. (Mid. Coll. 1823), divine, b. West Simsbury, Ct., Mar. 26, 1779; d.Pittsfield,Ms.,Apr.3,1861. Y.C.1805. He taught .school from the age of 16; studied theology under Pres. Dwight ; was minister of the Cong, church in Fairfield from Apr. 1807 to 1817 ; was pastor of the church in Pittsfield from 1817 to 1823; and pres. of Amh. Coll. from Oct. 1823 to 1845. For 50 years he was a contrib. to periodicals, among them the Pano- plist and Christian Spectator. He pub. a vol. of prize essays on the Sabbath, 1830; "Tour in France, Great Britain, and Belgium/ 2 vols. 1838 ; " Domestic Education," 1840 ; " Letters to a Son in the Ministry," 1845; "Life and Writings of Prof. N. W. Fiske," 1850; "Life and Writings of T. H. Gallaudet," 1857; " Sketches of the History of Revivals," 1859. A coll. of his addresses and reviews has been pub., and a vol. of " Revival Conversations." Dr. H. was one of the pioneers in the temper ance reformation. In 1810 he preached 6 ser mons on intemperance; and in 1813 drew up a report to the Fairfield Consociation, believed to have been the first tract pub. on that subject. His son JAMES, b. Fairfield, Ct., Oct. 9, 1811, d. Brooklyn, N.Y., June 16, 1866. Amh. Coll. 1831. He studied law in N. Haven, and prac tised with distinction at Louisville and N. York. He held various civic offices in N.Y., and was M.C. in 1858-60 and 1864-6. Humphreys, GEN. ANDREW ATKINSON, LL.D. (H.U. 1868), b. Phila., Nov. 2, 1810. West Point, 1831. Entering the 2d Art., he was assist, prof, of eng. at West Point until Apr. 1832; disting. himself in conflict with the Fla. Indians, June 9; became 1st licut. in Aug.; and resigned Sept. 30, 1836. App. 1st lieut. topog. engrs. Julv 7, 1838; assist, in the coast survey from 1845 to 1849; capt. May, 1848 ; and in Aug. 1853 took charge of the office of explorations and surveys in the war dept. ; major, Aug. 6,1861; attached to the staff of Gen. McClellan as aide-de-camp, Mar. 5, 1862; brig.-gen. of vols. Apr. 28 ; brev. col. for the battle of Fredericksburg 13 Dec. 1862; lieut.-col. engr. corps 3 Mar. 1863; maj.-gen. vols. 8 July, 1863; engaged at Chancellors- ville and Gettysburg ; chief of staff to Gen. Meade, July, 1863-Nov. 1864; com. 2d corps 25 Nov. 1864 to 27 June, 1865; and engaged in the siege and capture of Petersburg, and pursuit and capture of Lee s army ; chief en gineer (rank of brig.-gen.) Aug. 8, 1866 ; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for Gettysburg; and maj.-gen. for Sailor s Creek. Member of sev eral scientific societies. Author of " Report on the Physics and Hydraulics of the Mpi. River," 8vo, 1867. Cullum. Humphreys, DAVID, LL.D. (Brown U. 18O2), soldier, diplomatist, and poet; b. Derby, Ct., July, 1752; d. N. Haven, Feb. 21, 1818. Y. C. 1771. Son of Rev. Daniel, minister of Derby, 1 733-87. He resided a short time in the family of Col. Phillipse of Phillipse Manor, N. Y. Entering the army as capt. at the be ginning of the Revol. war, he became maj. oi brigade in Oct. 1777 ; was in 1778 aide to Put nam ; early in 1780 was selected as aide to Washington, with the rank of lieut.-col. ; re maining as such to the end of the war. Having particularly disting. himself at the siege of York, Congress, to whom he was the bearer of the captured standards, in testimony of his valor, fidelity, and signal services on this occa sion, voted him an elegant sword. At the close of the war, he accompanied Washington to Va. ; in July, 1784, went to France as sec. of legation to Jefferson, accomp. by Kosciusko. Revisiting his native town in 1786, he was elected to the legisl., and app. to com. a regt. raised for the Western service. During this period he resided in Hartford, and, with Hop kins, Barlow, and Trumbull, pub. the Anar- chiad. On the reduction of his regt. in 1788, he repaired to Mount Vernon, remaining with Washington until app. (in 1790) minister to Portugal. In 1789 he was app. on the board of commissioners to treat with v the Southern Indians. Revisiting America in 1794, he was, after his return to Lisbon (1797), app. minister to Spain, continuing until 1802, and concluding treaties with Tripoli and Algiers. After his return to America, he was exten sively engaged in manuf. and agric. ; and was one of the first to introduce merino sheep into this country. He established an extensive woollen and cotton factory in his native town. In 1812 he took com. of the militia of Ct. ; and as a member of the legisl. was active in organ izing for the local defence. The most impor tant of his poetical productions are "An Address to the Armies of the U.S.," 1782, trans, into French by Chastellux; on" TheFuture Glory of the U.S. ;" on "The Love of Country; "and on " The Death of Washington." He also wrote "The Life of Putnam," 1798; "The Widow of Malabar," a tragedy from the French, 1790 ; and various political tracts. A collection of his writings was pub. in N. Y., 8vo, 1790 and 1804. Member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, of the Philos. Soc., and of the Roy. Soc. of Lond. Humphreys, REV. HECTOR, b. Canton, Ct., June 8, 1797; d. Annapolis, Md., Jan. 25, 1857. Y. C. 1818. He took orders in the Ep. Church, but soon after was app. prof, of ancient languages in Wash. ( now Trinity ) Coll., Hartford. Pres. of St. John s Coll., An- nap., 1831-57. Humpton, COL. RICHARD, a Revol. offi cer, b. Yorkshire, Eng.,ab. 1733; d. Chester Co., Pa., Dec. 21, 1804. A capt. in the Brit, army, he disting. himself in the attack on St. Maio ; and, while stationed in the W. Indies, resigned, and came to Pa., fixing his residence on one of the upper branches of the Susqnehanna. During the Revol. he com. the 2d Pa. regt., and had a horse shot under him at the Bran- dywine. After the peace he settled on a farm, and held until his death the post of adj.-gen. of militia. Hist. Mag., v. 20. Hungerford, GEN. JOHN P. ; d. Twiford, Westmoreland Co., Va., Dec. 21, 1833, a. 74. Revol officer; M.C. 1813-17; and brig.-gen. of Va. militia on the Potomac in 1814 ; corng. in support of Com. Porter s art. at the White House in Sept. of that year. 465 HUTS Hunt, EDWARD B., soldier and inventor, b. N.Y. 1822; killed 2 Oct. 1863, at Brook lyn, N. Y., while experimenting with his " sea miner," for firing under water. West Point, 1845. Entering the engr. corps, he was assist, prof, at West Point 1846-9; capt. 1 July, 1859; maj. 3 Mar. 1863; chief engr., dept. of the Shenandoah, Va., Apr. 1862; and sub sequently employed at Ft. Trumbull, Ct., and defences of New-Haven harbor. Cullum. Hunt, FREEMAN, editor, b. Quincy, Ms., Mar. 21, 1804; d. Brooklyn, N.Y.,Mar. 2, 1858. His early educational advantages were few ; but he entered a printing-office in Boston at the age of 12. After the expiration of his appren ticeship he established the Ladies Mag., edited by Mrs. Sarah Josepha Hale ; then commenced the republication of the Penny Mag. ; con nected himself with the Bewick Company, an assoc. of authors, artists, printers, and book binders, as the managing director, during which time he projected and edited the Ameri can Mag. He also pub. in 1830 "Anecdotes and Sketches Illustrative of Female Charac ter ; " and " Amer. Anecdotes, Original and Selected," 2 vols. 12mo. Removing to N.Y. in 1831, he established a weekly paper, the Traveller; brought out a Comprehensive Atlas in 1834 ; and pub. a vol. of " Letters about the Hudson" in 1836. In 1837 he projected the Merchant s Mag., which first appeared in July, 1839. It was conducted with ability; and the 38 vols. edited by him constitute a valuable repositorvof commercial, agricultural, and oth er statistics. In 1845 he pub. the first vol. of " The Library of Commerce ; " and iu 1856-7 " The Lives of American Merchants," 2 vols. 8vo. His last work was " Wealth and Worth, a Collection of Morals, Maxims, and Miscel lanies for Merchants." Hunt, HENRY JACKSON, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Detroit, Aug. 1819. WestPt., 1839. Entering the 2d Art., he became 1st lieut. June 18, 1846 ; brev. capt. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, and major for Chapultepec, Sept. 13, 1847; disting. in the assault on Molino del Hey, where he was wounded; capt. Sept. 28, 1852 ; maj. (5th Art.) May 14, 1861 ; aide to Gen. McClellan (rank of col.) Sept. 28, 1861; brig.-gen. vols. Sept. 15, 1862; lieut.-col. (3d Art.) Aug. 1, 1863; col. (5th Art.) Apr. 4, 1869; brev. maj.-gen. Mar. 13, 1865. He was engaged at Bull Run in com. of the art. on extreme left; com. re serve art. in Peninsular campaign, and engaged at Yorktown, Gaines s Mill, and Malvern Hill; chief of art. Army of Potomac ; engaged at South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg (for which brev. col.) ; operations at Mine Run ; battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and Cold Harbor ; siege of Petersburg, participating in the vari ous assaults of the enemy s lines ; and in the pursuit and capture of Lee s army, 9 Apr. 1865; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, services at Petersburg and the cam paign ending in Lee s surrender. Cullum. Hunt, JEDEDIAH, merchant at Chilo, Cler- moift Co., O., b. Candor, Tioga Co., N.Y., 28 Dec. 1815. Pub. "The Cottage Maid, a Tale in Rhyme," 8vo, Cincin. 1847 ; and has con- 30 trib. to magizines and journals. See Poets and Poetry oj the West. Hunti RICHARD MORRIS, architect, b. Brattleborough, Vt., 31 Oct. 1829. Educated at the Boston High School. In 1842 he went to Europe and studied architecture, subse quently visiting Egypt. He was app. inspector at the Louvre, Paris ; was a member of the jury on architecture at the Paris Exposition ; and now resides in New York. Thomas. Hunt, THOMAS, col. U.S.A., b. Ms. Sep. 17, 1754; d. Belle Fontaine, La., Jan. 18, 1809. He entered the Revol. army as a private; at the close of the war was a capt. ; and afterward served under Wayne against the Western In dians; capt. 2d Inf. Mar. 4, 1791 ; maj. 2dsub legion, Feb. 1793; 1st Inf. Nov. 1796; lieut.- col. Apr. 1802; col. Apr. 11, 1803. Gard ner. Hunt, THOMAS, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1829), physician, b. Charleston, S.C., 1808; d. New Orleans, 20 March, 1867. He completed his preparatory studies in Paris ; began practice at Charleston; taught anatomy in 1831 ; and in 1832 and 36 won distinction by his successful treatment of cholera. Removing to N. Orleans in 1833, he was a founder of the La. Med. Coll., and prof, of anatomy and physiol. until 1862; its pres. in 1865-7. He was specially skilful in the treatment of yellow-fever. Hunt, THOMAS STERRY, chemist, mineral ogist, and geologist, b. Norwich, Ct., Sept. 5, 1826. He first studied medicine, but in 1845 studied chemistry with Prof. Silliman at Y.C., where he was subsequently chemical assist. After two years study, he accepted the post of chemist and mineral, to the geol. commiss. for the survey of Canada. Besides his numerous contribs. to the Journal of Science, and to the London Philos. Mag., the Royal Society, the French Academy of Sciences, &c., he has con- trib. to the Reports of the Geol. Survey of Cana da for many years. He is also the author of a summary of organic chemistry, forming a part of Prof/Silliman s "First Principles of Chem istry." Mr. Hunt was one of the English members of the international jury at the Great Exhibition at Paris in 1855, and was decorated by Napoleon III. with the Cross of the Legion of Honor ; prof, of chemistry in the U. of Quebec. In 1854 he received the hon. deg. of A.M. from H.U., and in 1857 that of doctor of science from Quebec. He is a member of various learned bodies; and in 1859 was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Lon don. Hunt, WASHINGTON, politician, b. Wind- ham, N.Y., Aug. 5, 1811 ; d. New York, Feb. 2, 1867. Adm. to the bar at Lockport in 1834; app. first judge of Niagara Co. in 1836; M.C. 1843-9, serving as chairman of the com. on commerce ; comptroller of N.Y. 1 849 ; gov. of N.Y. 1851-3. When the Whig party gave way to the Repub., Hunt, who was one of the leaders of the conservative wing, became a Democrat, and in 1860 pres. of the conven. at Bait, that nominated Messrs. Bell and Everett. Hunt, WILLIAM GIBBES, journalist, d. Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 13, 1833. H.U. 1810. He was from Boston. Edited the Western Mon itor said the Western Review, and in 1825 ivmorea 466 ntnsr from Lexington, Ky., to Nashville, where he established the Banner. He was a vigorous and polished writer. Hunt, WILLIAM MORRIS, painter, b. Brat- tleborough, Vt., Mar. 31, 1824. He entered H.U. 1840, but went to Europe before the com pletion of the course, on account of his health. In 1846 studied sculpture in the acad. at Dus- seldorf ; and in 1848 became a pupil of Con- tnre ; since which time he has followed the profession of a painter. He contrib. to the annual exhibitions in Paris, from 1852 to 1855 ; when he returned to the U.S., and has since practised his art in Boston. His paintings comprise history and genre; and among the most successful are several representing pic turesque types of city life in Paris, of which the artist published a series of lithographs, executed by himself, in 1859. Among his best pieces are the " Morning Star," " Lost Kid," " Girl at the Fountain," " Street-Musician," " Child selling Violets," " Drummer-Boy," and " Bugle-Call." Hunter, DAVID, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Washington, D. C., July 21, 1802. West Point, 1822. His father, a chaplain in the army, was a native of Va. David entered the 5th Inf.; became 1st lieut. 30 June, 1828; capt. 4 Mar. 1833 ; and resigning 4 July, 1836, engaged in business at Chicago ; but rejoined the army as paym. Nov. 1841 ; and became maj. 14 March, 1842. He accomp. Pres. Lin coln from Springfield as far as Buffalo in Feb. 1861, where, in the pressure of the crowd, he suffered a dislocation of the collar-bone. May 14, he was app. col. 6th Cav. ; and at the first battle of Bull run, as brig.-gen., com. the main column of McDowell s army, and was severely wounded in the neck. Aug. 13, he was made maj.-gen. of vols., and served under Gen. Fre mont in the dept. of Mo., superseding him in com. Nov. 2. He afterward, upon being re lieved by Gen Halleck, had com. of the dept. ofKs. Ordered in March, 1862, to S.C., he took com. of the dept. of the South, and estab lished his headquarters at Hilton Head, Port Royal, S.C. May 9, he issued a proclama tion declaring slavery in his dept. abolished. This proclamation was annulled by the pres. on the 19th of the same month. Early in Sept. Gen. Hunter was ordered to Washington, and app. pres. of a court of inquiry. Com. dept. of West Va. 19 May to 8 Aug. 1864 ; and en gaged at Piedmont, 5 June ; several skirmishes on the march to Stanton in June ; action of Diamond Hill 17 June, 1864; and of Lynch- burg 18 June, 1864 ; and for these services was brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; and brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. Mar. 13, 1865; retired July 31, 1866. Hunter, JOHN DUNN, author of " Man ners and Customs of Several Indian Tribes located West of the Mpi.," Phila. 1823; d. near Nacogdoches, Texas, early in 1827. He belonged to a party which had attempted a revol. in Texas, and, after its failure, was killed by an Indian whom he had induced to join in the revolt. His work was repub. in Lond. un der the title of " Memoirs of a Captivity among the Indians of N.A., from Childhood to the Age of 19." Gen. Cass, in the N. A. Review, vol. xxii., attempted to discredit the authenti city of this narrative. Ilunter, JOSEPH, F.S. A. .historian, b. Shef field, Eng., Feb.- 6, 1783; d. Lond. May 9, 1861, where he had been, since 1833, an assist, keeper of the public records. Educated to the ministry, he was settled over a Presb. church at Bath from 1809 to 1833, constantly devot ing himself to antiquarian researches. His " Founders of New Plymouth," pub. first as a pamphlet, afterwards in the " Ms. Hist. Colls.," was subsequently enlarged, and printed in Lond. in 1854. He was also instrumental in procuring for the Hist. Soc. a transcript of the " History of the Plymouth Plantation," by Gov. Bradford, from the original in the Ful- ham Library. His publications were numer ous; among them were illustrations of the text of Shakspeare s plays. N. E. H.and Gen. Reg. xvi. 93. Hunter, SIR MARTIN, a British gen. ; d. Dec. 9, 1846, a. 89, at Ontario Hill, Canada. He entered the army Aug. 30, 1771 ; was made a lieut. June 18, 1775, the day following the battle of Bunker s Hill; capt. Nov. 21, 1777 ; col. 1800; gen. May 27, 1825. He served at . Bunker s Hill, at Brooklyn and Brandywine, in the storming of Fort Washington, and in the night-attack on Gen. Wayne s brigade, in which he was wounded. He served subse quently in the E. Indies; in 1797 com. a brigade at the capture of Trinictad and the siege of Porto Rico; filled the office of com.- in-chief at Halifax ; and was also gov. of N. Brunswick. Hunter, ROBERT, maj.-gen., and author of the famous letter on " Enthusiasm," attrib uted by some to Swift, and by others to Shaftesbury ; d. gov. of Jamaica, Mar. 11, 1734. Made gov. of Va. in 1708, he was captured by the French on the voyage, and retained until the end of 1709. In 1710 he took the govt. of N.Y. and the Jerseys at the head of 2,000 palatine colonists, remaining until 1720; gov. of Jamaica July, 1727-34. He wrote a farce called " Androboros," according to Coxeter. Hunter, ROBERT MERCER TALIAFERRO, Democ. statesman, b. Essex Co., Va., Apr. 21, 1809. U. of Va. He studied at the law school at Winchester, and in 1830 began practice in Essex Co. At the age of 24 he was elected to the H. of Delegates ; and was M.C. in 1837-41 and 1845-7; speaker in 1839-41. He was a prominent supporter of the annexation of Tex as ; favored a compromise of the Oregon ques tion ; took a leading part in favor of the retro cession of Alexandria to the State of Va. ; sup ported the tariff bill of 1846; originated the warehousing system ; and opposed the Wi mc t Proviso. From Dec. 1847 to Mar. 1861 he was a U.S. senator; took a leading part in debate; voted for the Clayton Compromise and the ex tension of the Mo. Compromise line to the Pa cific Ocean ; opposed the abolition of the slave- trade in the Dist. of Col., or any interference with that institution in the States or Territo ries ; voted against the admission of Cal. ; and supported the fugitive-slave law. As chairman of the finance com., he made an elaborate report upon the gold and silver coinage of the coun try, and initiated the reduction in the value of ETUTST 467 ircnsr th3 silver coins of 50 cents and less, by which their shipment to foreign countries was arrest ed. In the presidential canvass of 1852, Mr. Hunter delivered an address at Richmond, tra cing the history of parties from the foundation of the govt., and urging powerfully the sound ness of the States-rights school. He advocated the Kansas and Nebraska Bill, and the repeal of the Mo. restriction, and spoke against the Homestead Bill and the River and Harbor Bill. The tariff act of 1857, by which the duties were considerably lowered and the revenue reduced, was framed by Mr. Hunter. In the session of 1 857-8 he advocated the admission of Kansas under the Lecompton Constitution, and was a member of the com. of conf. which reported the " English bill." He delivered an oration at Richmond, Feb. 22, 1858, at the inaug. of Crawford s statue of Washington. Jan. 31, I860. Mr. Hunter made in the senate an elab orate speech in defence of slavery, and of the right of the slaveholder to carry his slaves into the Territories. Expelled in July, 1861. He became sec. of state to the Confederacy, and afterward member of the Confed. Congress. Hunter, WILLIAM, LL.D., lawyer and statesman, b. Newport, Nov. 26, 1774 ; d. there Dec. 3, 1849. Brown U. 1791. Son of Dr. Wm., an eminent phys. of Scottish birth ( 1 729- 77), who gave at Newport, 1754-56, the first lectures on anatomy in N.E., if not in America. He studied medicine under his kinsman John Hunter in Eng., but soon relinquished that pro fession ; read law in the Temple ; and on his return home, at the age of 21, was adm. to practice in Newport ; was M.C. 1799-1811, and U.S. senator in 1811-21. His speeches on the acquisition of Fla. and on the Mo. Compro mise obtained for him a very high rank as a statesman and as an orator. Resuming his practice at the bar, he continued it until 1834, when he was app. charc/0 d affaires at Brazil, to which he was minister-plenipo. from 1842 to 1845. Hunter, WILLIAM M., capt. U. S. N. ; d. Phila. Mar. 5, 1849, a. 56. Midshipm. Jan. 16, 1809; lieut. July 21, 1813; command. Mar. 21, 1826; capt. Feb. 9, 1837; a lieut. in the ac tion of "The Constitution" with "The Cy- ane " and "Levant," Feb. 20, 1815; and pre- viouslv sailing-master of " The Vixen." Huntington,BENJAMiN, LL.D., jurist, b. Norwich, Ct., Apr. 19, 1736 ; d. there Oct. 16, 1300. Y. C. 1761. He practised law in his native town ; was a member of the Cont. Con gress in 1780-4 and 1787-8; M.C. 1789-91; State senator 1781-91 and 1791-3; judge of the Superior Court of the State 1793-8; and mayor of Norwich 1784-96. See Genealogy of Jie Family, by Rev. E. B. Huntington. Huntington, REV. DANIEL", poet, b. Nor wich, Ct., Oct. 17, 1788; d. N. Lond. May 21, 1858. Y. C. 1807. Son of Gen. Jedediah. Pastor of the Cong. Ch. at North Bridgewater, Ms., from Oct. 1812 to 1832; then taught a young ladies school at N. Lond. ; and in 1841 resumed his pastoral office at N. Bridgewater. Author of " Religion," a poem, deliv. at B.U. Aug. 31, 1819; at Boston, 1830; "Triumphs of Faith," del. Andover Sem. Sept. 21, 1830; and Memorial of his dau., Mary Hallam. Huntington, DANIEL, pa nter, b. Ne* York, Oct. 14, 1816. Grandson of Judge Benj., son of Benj., a N. Y. broker, who d. 3 Aug. 1850, a. 73. His taste for painting is said to have been first excited by a visit to the studio of Trumbull, who decidedly discouraged the young aspirant. While a student at Ham. Coll., N.Y., he received from Elliott the por trait-painter a strong bias for his art, and, with implements borrowed from him, took likenesses of his college-companions, and also painted some comic pieces. Entering the studio of Prof. Morse in 1835, he produced " The Bar room Politician," "A Toper Asleep," &c. In 1836 he spent several months in the vicinity of the Hudson Highlands. In 1839 he went to Europe, and in Florence painted " The Sybil " and " The Florentine Girl." Removing to Rome soon after, he painted " The Shepherd- Boy " and "Early Christian Prisoners." Re turning to New York, he was long employed almost wholly upon portraits, his only compo sitions of importance being "Mercy s Dream," and " Christiana and her Children," from the "Pilgrim s Progress." Compelled by inflam mation of the eyes to relinquish his labors, he in 1844 went to Rome, whence he sent back to America "The Roman Penitents," "Italy," "The Sacred Lesson," " The Communion of the Sick," and some landscapes. He returned to New York in 1846, where he has since resided, except during occasional visits to Eng. Some of his other works are " Lady Jane Grey and Feckenham in the Tower," " Henry VIII. and Queen Catharine Parr," " The Marys at the Sepulchre," " Queen Mary signing the Death- Warrant of Lady Jane Grey," " The Republi can Court." He recently painted in Eng. an other picture of " Mercy s Dream." His col oring is singularly beautiful; and he excels in female heads and those of old men. Pres. of the Nat. Acad. of Design 1862-69. Huntington, GEN. EBENEZER, b. Nor wich, Ct., Dec. 26, 1754; d. there June 17, 1834. Y.C. 1775. Son of Gen. Jabez. He left coll. to join the army; was made a lieut. in Wyllis s regt. ; capt. in June, 1776; afterward brigade maj. under Gen. Parsons, and dep. adj.- gen. to Heath on the Hudson River; maj. in Col. Webb s regt. in 1777 ; com. that regt. in R. I. in 1778; lieut.-col. June, 1778; com. a batt. of light troops at Yorktown ; and was a vol. aide to Gen. Lincoln until the close of the siege. He was made a gen. of State militia in 1792 ; was named a brig.-gen. by Washington in 1799, when a war with France seemed im minent; and was a M.C. 1810-11 and 1817- 19. He was also a member of the State legisl., and was one of the best disciplinarians in the army. Huntington Geneal. Huntington, ELISHA, M. D., physician, b. Topsfield, Ms., Apr. 9, 1796 ; d. Lowell, Ms., Dec. 10, 1865. Dartm. Coll. 1815 ; Yale Med. School, 1823. Son of Rev. Asahel, min. of Topsfield. He practised in Lowell with great success ; was 8 years mayor of that city ; and lieut.-gov. of Ms. in 1853. He pub. inaugural addresses and a Memoir of Prof. Elisha Bart- lett, M.D. At one time, pres. Ms. Med. Soc. Huntington, FREDERIC DAX, D. D, (Amh. Coll. 1855), clergyman and scholar, b 468 HTJR Hadley, Ms., May 28, 1819. Amh. Coll. 1839 ; Camb* Div. School, 1842. (His father, Rev. Dan, d. Hadley, Oct. 31, 1864, a. 90. Y.C. 1794. He preached at Litchfield, and after ward at Middletown, Ct. In 1857 he pub. a vol. of " Personal Memoirs.") Pastor of the South Cong. Church, Boston, 1842-Sept. 4, 1855, when he was inaug. preacher to the U., and Plummer Prof, of Christ. Morals. For merly a Unitarian, he withdrew from that body ; Sept. 1859 took orders in the Ep. Church, and officiated in the Emanuel Church, Boston, un til consec. bishop of Central N.Y. 8 Apr. 1869. For the usual afternoon preaching in the Coll. Chapel he substituted a service formed from those in use in the principal branches of the Christian Church, with some novel and origi nal additions. He has contrib. to the various miscellanies and reviews of the day ; has pub. many sermons and addresses; also a vol. of " Sermons for the People," which reached 6 editions ; " Sermons on Christian Living and Believing," 1860; a vol. of lectures delivered before the Institutes of Brooklyn and Lowell, on "Human Society," 8vo, 1860 ; "Lessons on the Parables." In Jan. 1861 he established with Dr. G. M. Randall the Church Monthly. Huntington, GEN. JABEZ, b. Norwich, Ct., Aug. 7, 1719 ; d. there Oct. 5, 1786. Y.C. 1741. Engaging in the W. India trade, he amassed an ample fortune. From 1750 he was often a member of the legisl., frequently pre siding over that body, and also a member of the council. He owned a large amount of shipping at the beginning of the Revol. ; was active on the com. of safety during the war ; and from Sept. 1776 maj.-gen. of the State militia. His great exertions in the cause, and his heavy losses, impaired his physical and mental powers ; and in 1779 he resigned all his employments. Of his 5 sons, Jedediah became a brig.-gen., Andrew a commissary, and Joshua and Ebenezer cols., in the Continental army. Huntington Geneal. Huntington, JABEZ WILLIAMS, jurist and senator, b. Norwich, Ct., Nov. 8, 1788 ; d. Nov. 1,1847. Y.C. 1806. Son of Gen. Zachariah. He practised law in Litchfield ; was a member of the Assembly in 1829 ; M.C. 1829-34, when he removed to Norwich, and became a judge of the Superior Court and of the Court of Errors ; U.S. senator from 1840 to his death. Huntington, GEN. JEDEDIAH, b. Norwich, Ct., Aug. 4, 1743; d. N. London, Sept. 25, 1818. H.U. 1763. SonofJabez. Engaged with his father in commercial pursuits. An ac tive Son of Liberty, and capt. of militia ; pro moted to com. of a regt. ; joined the army at Cambridge, Apr. 26, 1775; aided to repulse the British at Danbury in Apr. 1776; made brig.-gen. May 12, 1777 ; joined the main ar my near Phila. in Sept ; in May, 1778, ordered to the Hudson River. In the court-martial which tried Lee for misconduct at Monmouth, and in the court to try Maj. Andre. At the close of the war, brev. maj.-gen. Resuming business, he was successively sheriff of the Co., State treas., delegate to the conv. to adopt the Federal Const. ; app. coll. of customs at N. Lon don (1789), which office he retained during 4 administrations. His first wife was Faith, dau. of Gov. Trumbull. He was one of the first Board of Foreign Missions, and a zealous sup porter of charitable institutions. Huntington, JEDEDIAH VINCENT (bro. of Daniel), author, b. N.Y. City, Jan. 20, 1815 ; d. Pau, Southern France, Mar. 10, 1862. N.Y. U. 1835. M.D. (U. of Pa.) 1838. Hedevoted himself to literature ; was for a time prof, of mental philos. in St. Paul s Coll., near Flush ing, L.I. ; was ord. in the Prot.-Epis. Church in 1841 ; and was pastor of a church in Mid- dlebury, Vt. The years 1846-9 were spent in Europe. He pub. a vol. of poems in 1842 ; "Lady Alice, a novel, 1849; "Alban," a novel ; " The Forest," 8vo, N.Y., 1852 ; * Rose- mary," a novel, 1860; some poems ; edited the Metropolitan Mag. at Baltimore, and afterward the Leader at St. Louis. He went to France in 1861. In 1849 he joined the R.C. Church. Huntington, JOSEPH, D.D. (D.C. 1780), minister of Coventry, Ct, June 29, 1763, to his d., Dec. 25, 1794 ; b. May 5, 1735. Y.C. 1762. Bro. of Gov. Samuel. Author of" Calvinism Improved," pub. 1796 ; also some sermons and theol. treatises. He inculcated the doc trine of universal salvation. Huntington, JOSHUA, minister of Boston from Mav 18, 1808, to his d., at Groton, Ct., Sept. 11, 1819; b. 31 Jan. 1786. Y.C. 1804. .Son of Gen. Jedediah. Author of " Life of Abi gail Waters," 1817. His wife, SUSAN MANS FIELD (b. 1 781, d. 1823), wrote the story "Little Lucy." Her Memoirs, with Letters, Journal, and Poetry, were pub. by B. B. Wisner, 1829. H. Family. Huntington, SAMUEL, LL. D. (Y. C, 1787), signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Wind- ham, Ct., July 3, 1731 ; d. Norwich, Jan. 5, 1796. He learned the cooper s trade ; devoted his leisure to study ; settled as a lawyer in Norwich in 1758; and in 1761 m. Martha, dau. of Rev. Ebenezer Devotion. He became a member of the Assembly in 1764; State atty. in 1765 ; member of the Council 1773 ; mem ber of the Old Congress from Jan. 16, 1776, to Nov. 4, 1783; pres. of that body from Sept. 28, 1779, to July 6, 1781 ; judge of the Supe rior Court of Ct. 1774-84 ; chief justice 1784 ; lieut.-gov. 1785; gov. 1786-96. Huntington, SAMUEL, gov. of Ohio 1808- 10, b. Coventry, Ct., Oct. 4, 1765; d. Paines- ville, 0., June 8, 1817. Y.C. 1785. Son of Rev. Joseph. Was educated by his uncle, Gov. Samuel. Adm. to the bar in 1793; re moved in 1800 to Ohio, and settled near Paines- ville. He was a judge of C.C.P. 1802-3; member of the convention that framed the con stitution of the State in 1802 ; a senator in its first legisl., and chosen speaker ; a judge of the Superior Court, app. Apr. 2, 1803 ; after ward chief justice ; member of the legisl. 1811- 12; dist. paymr. in the war of 1812-14 (rank of col.). Hunton, JONATHAN G., gov. of Me. 1830-1, b. Unity, N.H., 1781; d. Fairfiekl, Me., Oct. 14, 1851. Hurd, NATHANIEL, an early engraver of Boston, b. Feb. 13, 1730; d. Dec.17, 77. His grandfather came from England, and settled in Charlestown, where he d. in 1749, a. 70. In seal-cutting and die-engraving Mr. Hurd was 469 HUT considered superior to any one in the Colonies. To a superior mode of execution he added an Hogarthian talent of character and humor. Among his engravings is a descriptive repre sentation of Hudson, a swindler and forger, standing in the pillory, the likenesses of some well-known characters being introduced among the spectators. He was probably the first to engrave on copper in the U.S. ; a miniature likeness of Rev. Dr. Sewall, engraved by him in 1764, being extant. He engraved the seal of H.U. iV. . Ma;/, iii. 1. Hurlbut, STEPHEN AUGUSTUS, lawyer and soldier, b. Charleston, S.C., Mar. 24, 1815. He studied and practised law in Charleston until the breaking-out of the Florida war, in which he served as adj. in a S.C. regt. In 1845 he went to 111., and settled in practice at Belvidere. Member of the 111. Const. Conv. of 1847, and several times represented Boone Co. in the legisl. ; app. brig.-gen. of vols. 17 May, 1861, and com. at Fort Donelson after its capture. When Gen. Grant s army moved up the Tenn. River, he com. the 4th division ; took part in the battle of Shiloh ; was after ward stationed at Memphis ; and after the battle of Corinth, in Oct. 1862, pursued and engaged the defeated Confederates; maj.-gen. Sept. 17, 1862. In Sept. 1863, he com. at Memphis; com. a corps under Sherman in the exped. to Meridian in Feb. 1864; and suc ceeded Banks in com. of the dept. of the Gulf; minister to Colombia 1869-73; M.C., 1873. Hurlbut, WILLIAM HENRY, writer, b. Charleston, S.C., July 3, 1827. H.U. 1847. Author of " Gan Eden, or Pictures of Cuba," 12mo, 1854; "Gen. McClellan and the Con duct of the War," 12mo, 1864. Has contrib. largely to American and foreign periodicals ; ed. N. Y. World. Husbands, HERMAN, insurgent, b. Pa. ; d. near Phila. Mar. 1 795. Removing to Orange Co., N.C., he became a member of the legisl., and leader of the Regulators, a party which was organized in 1768 for the forcible redress of public grievances. He pub. in 1770 a full account of the rise of the troubles. A battle took place, May 16, 1771, between Gov. Tryon with 1,100 men and 2,000 Regulators, on the banks of the Allamance, in which the latter were defeated. Husbands escaped to Pa., where in 1778 he was a member of the legisl., and was concerned in the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794 ; and was assoc. with Gallatin, Brack- inridge, and others as a com. of safety. After a short imprisonment in Phila., he set out on hi* return home, but died on the way. He was originally a member of the Society of Friends, and was versed in theological lore. Huske, ELLIS, councillor of N.H. 1733- 55 ; d. 1755. Bro. of Gen. Huske, disting. at Dettingen and Culloden. Postmasterof Boston 1 734 ; superseded in the office of dep. postmr.- en. of the Colonies by Franklin and Hunter 1753. Pub. the Boston Weekly Post-Boy from Oct 17J4 to 1755. Supposed author of " The Present State of N. America," Lond. 1755. Mary, his wife, d. 8 Mar. 1746, a. 40. He re sided in Portijnouth, N.H., previous to 1734. Huske, JOHN, son of the preceding, b. Portsmouth, N.H., ab. 1721; d. Eng. 1773. Educated in Boston, and bred a merchant, he became in 1764 a member of the British parlia ment from Maiden, Essex ; and was re-elected to the succeeding parliament. For his share in bringing about the Stamp Act, his effigy was hung with Grenville s in the Liberty Tree, Boston, 1 Nov. 1765. A letter from "Joseph Reed thus describes him : " Huske, a flashy, . superficial fellow, by stock-jobbing, and servility to the Townshend family, raised himself from poverty and obscurity to a seat in parliament. The first use he made of it was to injure his country by proposing to raise 500,000 per annum by taxing the Colonies. Having dis obliged his old patron Charles Townshend, and the ministry not needing his vote (though adopting his plan, taking no notice of him), he tacked about, and endeavored to ward off the stroke ; but it was then too late : and they laughed at him." Hutchins, THOMAS, geographer, b. Mon- mouth Co., N. J., ab. 1730 ; d. Pittsburg, Apr. 28, 1789. Before he was 16, he went West; entered the service as ensign ; afterward be came paym., and capt. 60th ( Roy. Amer. ) regt. ; was assist, engineer in Bouquet s exped. ; and was disting. in a campaign against the Indians in Fla. He was in Lond. at the opening of the Revol. war ; and his zeal in the cause of his country induced him to refuse some excellent offers there. Suspected of holding a corresp. with Franklin, then in France, he was in 1779 thrown into a dungeon, and lost in one day 12,000. After 6 weeks confinement, he was examined and liberated. He went to France ; thence to Charleston, S.C., where he joined Gen. Greene ; and was made geographer-gen eral. He pub. " A Topographical Description of Va., Pa., Md., and Carolina, with Maps," Lond. 1778; "An Historical and Topog. De scription of La., West Fla., and Phila.," 1784. Dr. Morse was much indebted to him in the compilation of his gazetteer. He furnished the maps and plates for the " Account of Bouquet s Exped. against the Ohio Indians," written by William Smith, D.D., of Phila., and pub. Lond. 1766. He wrote 3 papers for the Phila. Trans. 1775, 76, and 83, and a paper in Trans. Amer. Soc. ii. 50. Hutchinson, ANNE, founder of the An- tinoraian party in N.E., b. at Alford, Lincoln shire, Eng., in 1591 ; bap. July 20; d. West- Chester Co., N.Y., Aug. 1643. Dau. of Rev. Francis Marbury, who was rector of St. Martin Vintry and other London parishes. Her mother was Bridget Dryden, gr.-aunt of the celebrated poet, John Dryden. Was interested in the preaching of John Cotton, and her relative John Wheelwright, and, desirous of enjoying the ministry of the former, came to Boston, Sept. 18, 1634; was adm. a member of the church, Nov. 2 ; and soon acquired esteem and influence. She instituted meetings of the wo men of the church to discuss sermons and doc trines, in which she displayed great familiarity with Scripture, but made enemies by her in novating theories. Two years after her arrival, the strife between her supporters and opponents broke out into public action. " The dispute," says Bancroft, " infused its spirit into every thing ; it interfered with the levy of troops foi .tITJT 470 the Pequot War ; it influenced the respect shown to the magistrates, the distribution of town-lots, the assessment of taxes ; and at last the continued existence of the two opposing parties was considered inconsistent with the public peace." Her peculiar tenets were among the 82 opinions condemned by the eccles. synod at Newtown, Aug. 30, 1637; and in Nov., after 2 days trial before the Gen. Court., she was sentenced, with some of her associates, to ban ishment. She joined her friends, who, under John Clarke and Coddington, settled in R.I. After the death of her husband, in 1642, she with her children moved into the territory of the Dutch ; and is supposed to have settled near Hell Gate, Westchester Co., N.Y. During an invasion of the settlement by the Indians, her house was attacked and fired ; and herself and family, excepting one child who was carried captive, perished. Hutchinson, ISRAEL, col. Revol. army, b. Danvers, Ms., 1728; d. there Mar. 16, 1811. He served in 1757-9 at Ticonderoga and Lake George, and com. a company at the battle of the Plains of Abraham. He com. a company in the Lexington battle ; was lieut.-col of Mans field s regt. in 1775 ; com. the 27th regt. at the siege of Boston and in the campaign of 1776 ; and was with Washington in his retreat through the Jerseys. Hutchinson, JAMES, M.D. (Phila. Coll.), physician, b. Wakefield, Pa., Jan. 29, 1752; d. Phila. Sept. 6, 1793. He finished his med. studies at Lond. under Dr. Fothergill. In 1774 the trustees of Phila. Coll. presented him with a gold medal for his superior knowledge in chemistry. Warmly espousing the cause of his country, he returned home by way of France with important despatches from Dr. Franklin to Congress ; joined the army soon after he arrived ; and served as a surgeon and physician during the whole war. Trustee of the U. of Pa. from 1779 till his death; was several years sec. of the Philos. Soc. ; was prof, of materia raedica and chemistry in the U. of Pa. in 1789-91, when he was elected prof, of chemistry. For many years, and until his death, he was physician of the port, and one of the physicians of the Pa. Hospital. Thacher. Hutchinson, THOMAS, gov. of Ms., b. Boston, Sept. 9, 1711; d. Brompton, near Lon don, June 3, 1780. H.U. 1727. Son of Thos., a wealthy and liberal merchant of Boston (1675-1739), and Sarah, dau. of Col. John Fos ter. After engaging without success in com merce, he studied law, and as agent of Boston visited London on important business, dischar ging the duty with great success. Represented Boston in the General Court 10 years, 3 years as speaker ; became judge of probate in 1752 ; was a councillor 1749-66; lieut.-gov. 1758-71; and was app. chief justice in 1760, holding 4 high offices at the same time. In 1748, the pa per currency of the Colony having depreciated to about an eighth of its original value, Hutch inson projected, and carried through the house, a bill abolishing it, and substituting gold and silver This measure, though sound and bene ficial, procured him many enemies. Hutchin- sou s mansion was twice attacked in conse quence of a report that he had written letters in favor of the Stamp Act; and on the second oc casion (Aug. 26) his house was sacked, *he fur niture burned in the street, and many MSS relating to the history of the province, which he had been 30 years collecting, and which could not be replaced, were lost. He received com pensation for his losses. In 1767 the house and council resisted his claim to a scat in the latter . body, and he abandoned it. When, in 1769, Gov. Bernard was transferred to Va., the govt. of Ms. fell to Hutchinson. The popular ex citement had been increased by the arrival of British troops ; and after the " massacre " of March 5, 1770, a com. of citizens, headed by Samuel Adams, forced him to consent to the removal of the troops. Commissioned gov. in March, 1771. He was continually in contro versy with the Assembly and Council. Among the subjects of dispute were the provision made for his support by the crown, which paid him a salary of 1,500, and a similar provision for the judges. His speech, Jan. 6, 1773, asserting the supremacy of parliament, provoked a dis cussion by the council and house, eliciting able replies from Bowdoin and Samuel Adams, and did no injury to the patriot cause. In 1772, Dr. Franklin, then in London, procured some of his confidential letters, which were sent to Bos ton. They proved that he had been for years opposing every part of the colonial constitu tion, and urging measures to enforce the su premacy of parliament; and the result was a petition to the king for his removal. The last of his public difficulties was the resistance of the citizens to the tea-tax, resulting in the tea then in the harbor being thrown overboard by citizens in the disguise of Indians, Dec. 16, 1773. Having obtained his Majesty s leave to go to England, he sailed June 1, 1774; and, after an investigation by the privy council, he was rewarded with a pension. He pub. the fol lowing valuable works : " History of the Colony of Ms. Bay from the First Settlement thereof, in 1628, until the Year 1750," 2 vols. 1764-7 ; a " Brief State of the Claim of the Colonies," 1764; and a "Collection of Original Papers relative to the History of the Colony of Ms. Bay," 1769. He left in MS. a 3d vol. of his history from 1749 to 1774, which was pub. by his grandson, Rev. John Hutchinson of Trent- ham, Eng., Lond. 1828. Hutton, JOSEPH, of Phila. (1787-1828), author of "Poems." Allibone. Hyde, ALVAN, D.D., LL.D. (D.C. 1812), clergyman, b. Franklin, Ct., Feb. 2, 1768; d. Lee, Ms., Dec. 4, 1833. D.C. 1788. He spent nearly a year teaching at Northampton ; stud ied theology ; was, June 6, 1792, ord. pastor of the church in Lee, where he passed the re mainder of his life. During 31 years he was a member of the corporation, and for 21 years vice-pres. of Wms. Coll. He pub. a number of sermons. He was one of the ablest and most successful ministers of his day. A Memoir of him was pub. Bost. 1835, by his half-bro., Rev. LAVIUS HYDE (1789-1865), literary executor and biographer of the poet Wilcox. Hyde, EDWARD, gov. N. C. 1712 to his d. Sept. 8, 1712. Sent out in 1711 as lieut.-gov., he found the Colony in confusion from the cot* HYT) 4T1 fiictiv.g claims of Glover and Gary to the chief magistracy. By the aid of Gov. Spotswood of Va., Gary s armed resistance was put down, and quiet restored. An Indian war having been begun by a massacre of the settlers on the Ro- anoke and C ho wan, Sept. 11, 1711, Gov. Hyde called out the militia, and defeated them with great slaughter in the following year. In the summer the ravages of yellow-fever were added to the horrors of war ; and the gov. fell a vic tim. Wheeler s N. C. Hyde, NANCY MARIA, teacher, b. Norwich, Ct., Mar. 21, 1792; d. there Mar. 28, 1816. She excelled in painting and embroidery. Her writings, with Memoir by her friend Miss Hunt- ley, afterward Mrs. Sigourney, were pub. 1816. Iberville ( de-be" r -veT), PIERRE LEMOINB D , a disting. seaman, father of the Colony of Louisiana, b. Montreal, July 20, 1661 ; d. Ha vana, July 9, 1 706. He was one of 1 1 brothers, who were all active in Canadian affairs. He went early to sea ; was a disting. vol. in the mid night attack on Schenectady ; commanded the exped. which recovered Fort Nelson from the British (1686) ; successfully invaded Newfound land ; and was a Victor in naval contests (1697) in Hudson s Bay. In 1698 he was commissioned by the French Govt. to explore the month of the Mpi., and to erect a fort near it. With 4 vessels and ab. 200 settlers, he left Rochefort Oct. 17, 1698, and Feb. 2, 1699, arrived at the Island of Massacre, near Mobile. Accompanied by his bro. de Bienville and 48 men in 2 barges, and provisions for 15 days, he entered the Mpi. Mar. 2, ascended to the village of Bayagoulas, and also visited the Orimas. Returning to the Bay of Biloxi, Iberville erected a fort as a tes timony of French jurisdiction, the command of which he gave to his two bros., Sanvolle and Bienville. This fort was soon after transferred to the western bank of the Mobile River, the first European settlement in Ala. He sailed for France, but returned when the French su premacy of the Mpi. was endangered by the English. In 1700 he ascended the Mpi. as far as the country of the Natchez, while his bro. explored Western La. Iberville also built for tifications on the Island of Massacre, which he named Dauphine Island. Attacked by yellow- fever, he escaped with broken health. In 1706, in com. of 3 vessels, he captured the English Island of Nevis. Imlay, GILBERT, capt. Revol. army. He pub. " Topog. Description of the Western Terr, of N. A.," 8vo, Lond. 1792 ; the same, with Supplement by J. Filson, 2 vols. N. Y. 1 793 ; " The Emigrants," a novel, 3 vols. 1 2mo, 1 793. Ingalls, ROFDS, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Denmark, Me., Aug. 23, 1820. West Point, 1843. Entering the Rifles, he was transferred to the 1st Dragoons in 1845; disting. himself in the battles of Embudo and Taos, N. Mexico, in 1847; became 1st lieut. 16 Feb. 1847; assist. quartermaster (rank of capt.) Jan. 12, 1848; served in Cal. and Oregon ; was in Col. Step- toe s exped. across the continent ; and from 1856 to 1860 was stationed at Fort Vancouver, being on the staff of Gen. Harney at the time of the San Juan affair. In Apr. 1861 he was $eut with Col. Brown to re-enforce Fort Pickens ; and in July was ordered to duty with the Army of the Potomac. He was app. aide-de-camp to McClellan (rank of lieut. -col.) 28 Sept.; major in the quartermaster s dept. 12 Jan. 1862 ; was chief quartermaster in the Armv of the Poto mac 1862-5; brig.-gen. vols. 23 May, 1863; col. and assist, quarterm. -gen. July 29, 1866; present at the battles of South Mountain, An- tietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Get tysburg, and subsequent battles, to s-urrender of Lee ; brevs. of col., brig.-gen., and maj.-geri. for merit, services in the Rebellion 13 Mar. 1865. Cullum. Ingalls, WILLIAM, M.D. (H.U. 1801 ),long an eminent physician of Boston, prof, of anat omy in Brown U., b. Newburyport, Ms., 3 May, 1769 ; d. Wrentham, Ms., Sept. 8, 1851. H.U. 1790. His ancestor, Edmund of Lynn, came from Lincolnshire, Eng., in 1629. He pub. " Malignant Fever," &c., 1847. Ingersoll, CHARLES ANTHONY, judge, b. New Haven, Ct., 1798; d. there Feb. 9,1860. He studied in the office of his brother Ralph J. ; attained high repute at the bar; held several offices of honor in the State and nation ; and was app. judge U.S. Dist. Court of Ct. by Pres. Pierce. Ingersoll, CHARLES JARED, statesman, lawyer, and author. Son of Judge Jai ed, b. Phila. Oct. 3, 1782; d. there May 14, 1862. After finishing his collegiate course, he studied law, and was adm. to practice before he was 21. He then travelled in Europe, and was attached to the American embassy to France. M.C. in 1813-14 and in 1841-7, serving as chairman of the com. of foreign affairs; U.S. dist. atty. for Pa. from 1815 until removed by Gen. Jackson in 1829, shortly after which he was elected to the Pa. legisl. Member of the Canal and In ternal Improvement Convention at Harrisburg in 1825, and of the Reform Convention there in 1837, and in Phila. in 1838; app. sec. of legation to Prussia in 1837. In 1847 he was nominated by Mr. Polk as U.S. minister to France, but was not confirmed by the senate. Author of " Chiomara," a poem, 1800 ; " Edwy and Elgiva," a tragedy, 1801 ; " Inchiquin the Jesuit s Letters," 1810; "Historical Sketch of the Second War between the U.S. and Great Britain," 4 vols. 8vo, 1845-52; "Rights and Wrongs, Power and Policy, of the U.S.," in defence of Jefferson s commercial policy, 1808 ; and "Julian," a dramatic poem, 1831 ; "Dis course bef. the Soc. for the Commemo. of the Landing of Win. Penn," 1825. He was at the time of his death preparing "A History of the Territorial Acquisitions of the U. S." Allibone. Ingersoll, JARED, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1821), lawyer, b. Ct. 1749; d. Phila. Oct. 31, 1822. Y.C. 1766. His father, agent for the Colony in Eng. 1757 (app. in 1765 stampmaster-gen. for N.E. under the obnoxious Stamp Act), was forced by the indignant populace to resign his office Aug. 24, 1765, and was in 1770 app. admiralty judge for Pa. Removing to Phila., he d. N. Haven, Aug. 1781, a. 59. The son went to Lond., entered the Middle Temple, and studied law 5 years. Though residing in London, and the son of a loyalist, he espoused the cause of the Colonies in the Revol, In 472 Paris, where he remained 18 months, he made the acquaintance of Dr. Franklin. Returning home, he passed the remainder of his life in Phila., where he was prominent as a lawyer. Member of the Old Congress in 1780-1 ; a representative in the convention which framed the U. S. Constitution in 1787 ; twice atty.-gen. of the State; U.S. dist. atty. for Pa. ; and re ceived and declined the app. of chief judge of the Federal Court. He was in 1812 the Federal candidate for vice-pres. of the U.S. ; pres. judge of the Dist. Court of Phila. Co. at the time of his death; author of a rare pamphlet on the Stamp Act, N. Haven, 4to, 1 766. Ingersoll, JONATHAN, LL.D. (Y.C. 1817), an eminent lawyer of N. Haven, b. Ridgefield, Ct., 1746; d. Jan. 12, 1823. Y.C. 1766. Son of Rev. Jonathan. He held many public trusts ; was a judge in 1798-1801, and lieut.-gov. in 1816. His dau. Grace m. Peter Grellet, and d. Paris, 1816. Ingersoll, JOSEPH REED, LL.D., D.C.L. ( Oxon.), statesman and lawyer. Son of Jared, b. Phila. June 14, 1786; d. Phila. Feb. 20, 1868. N.J. Coll. 1804. He studied law, and practised extensively in Phila. for many years. In 1809 he pub. a translation from the Latin of Roccus s tracts De Navibus et Nauto and De Assecuratione. M. C. 1835-7 and in 1842-9, and an advocate of the doctrine of protection ; minister to England in 1850-3; author of a Memoir of Saml. Breck, 8vo, 1863. Early in the Rebellion he pub. a pamphlet entitled " Secession a Folly and a Crime." EDWARD, third bro. of the above, wrote poems on the times, entitled " Horace in Phila.," which ap peared in the Portfolio ; and contrib. political articles to Walsh s Gazette ; also author of the " History and Law of Habeas Corpus," 8vo, 1859; "Addison on Contracts, with Notes," 8vo, 1857 ; " Digest of Laws of the U.S., 1789- 1820,"8vo, 1821. Ingham, CHARLES C., portrait-painter, b. Dublin, 1797 ; d. New York, 10 Dec. 1863. He came to the U.S. in 1817, having studied 4 years in his native city, and won a premium from the Dublin Academy. He with his bro. stood for many years in the first rank of por trait-painters. His "Death of Cleopatra" at once gave him extensive notoriety and business. He was a founder of the National Acad., and many years its vice-pres. Besides a-great num ber of portraits of the reigning beauties of his day in New York, his " Flower-Girl," " Day- Dream," and " Portrait of a Child," are good specimens of his style and manner. Tucker- man. Ingham, SAMUEL D., politician, b. Bucks Co., Pa., Sept. 16, 1773; d. Trenton, N.J., Tune 5, 1860. Of Quaker parentage. He was Drought up a paper-maker, and, until drawn into politics, was a successful manuf. in Easton, N J. He served 3 years in the Pa. legisl. ; was a prothonotary; M.C. 1813-18 and 1822-9; sec. of the U. S. treasury 1829-31. Inglis, CHARLES, D.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of Nova Scotia ; d. Halifax, Feb. 24, 1 6, a. 82. He was assistant rector from 1764 to the Revol., and from 1777 to 1783 rector, of Trinity Church, N.Y. After the loyalist Galloway went to Eng., Dr. Inglis was his corresp. ; and his let ters evince no little harshness towards the fomenters of the rebellion. He went to N.S. at the peace; was consec. bishop in 1788 ; and in 1809 became a member of the council. He pub. an answer to Paine s " Common Sense," in Feb. 1776, which made him obnoxious to the patriots, who confisc. his estate. His son JOHN was made bishop of N.S., and a member of the council in 1825, and d. in Lond. in Nov. 1850. His grandson, Gen. Sir J. Eard- ley Wilmot Inglis, the heroic defender of Luck- now, d. Germany, 1862. Inglis, JAMES, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1811), b. Phila. 1777 ; d. Aug. 15, 1820. Col. Coll. 1795. Ord. Apr. 1802. Pastor First Presb. Church, Baltimore, and an eloquent preacher. A vol. of his sermons was pub. soon after his death, also a vol. of his poems. Sprague. Ingraham, DUNCAN NATHANIEL, capt. U.S.N., b. Charleston, S.C., Dec. 6, 1802; d. there June 10, 1863. Midshipman June 18, 1812; lieut. Apr. 1,1818; commander May 24, 1838; capt. Sept. 14, 1855. Nathaniel, his father, was a friend of Paul Jones, and was in the action with the British frigate " Serapis." His uncle Capt. Joseph, U.S.N., was lost at sea in the U. S. ship " Pickering." His cousin William, a lieut. in the navy, was killed at the age of 20. Capt. Ingraham m. Harriet R., grand-dau. of Henry Laurens. His seizure of Martin Kostza, an Amer. citizen, from the Austrian brig-of-war " Hussar," at Smyrna, July 2, 1853, gave rise to an elaborate discus sion at Washington between M. Hulseman, the Austrian charyf d affaires, and Mr. Marcy, sec. of State. Congress, by joint resolution, Aug. 4, 1854, requested the Pres: to present a medal to him for his conduct on this occasion. In Mar. 1856 he was app. chief of the bureau of ordnance and hydrography ; which position he resigned Feb. 4, 1861, and was made chief of ordnance, construction, and repair in the Con- fed, navy. Ingraham, EDWARD D., lawyer of Phila., d. Nov. 4, 1 854, a. 62. He pub. " Insolvent Law of Pa.," 8vo, 1827; " Gow on Partnership," with notes, 8vo, 1837-45; " Vattel s Law of Nations," 8vo, 1852 ; "English Ecclesiastical Reports," 1809-35, 7 vols. He was a lover and collector of rare and curious books. See No tice in Democ. Rev. xxv. 77. Ingraham, REV. JOSEPH H., author, b. Portland, Me., 1809 ; d. ab. 1866, at the South. Abandoning mercantile pursuits, he became a teacher in Wash. Coll., near Natchez, Mpi., and in 1836 pub. " The South-west by a Yankee." He subsequently produced " Lah tte," " Bur ton, or the Sieges," " Capt. Kyd," " The Dan cing Feather," and many other romances, some of which attained a large circulation. He was ord. an Epis. minister, and became rector of a parish, and of St. Thomas s Hall, an acad. for boys in Holly Springs, Mpi. His last works were the " Prince of the House of David," 1855; "Pillar of Fire," 1859; and "Throne of David." Inman, HENRY, an eminent painter, b. Utica, N.Y., 28 Oct. 1801 ; d. N.Y. City, 17 Jan. 1846. He early manifested a taste for art, and about 1814 visited the studio of Jarvis, in N. Y. City, where Wertmiiller s picture of 473 Danae was on exhibition. Attracting the no tice of Jarvis, who, on seeing him, exclaimed, " By Heavens ! the very head for a painter," he served a year s apprenticeship with him ; m., and devoted himself to miniature-painting, in which he excelled. He afterward applied him self to portraits, and turned his talents to good advantage in landscape and genre painting, attaining such distinction as to be chosen vice- pres. of the Nat. Acad. of Design. Visiting Eng. for his health in 1844, he painted portraits of Wordsworth, Chalmers, Macaulay, and oth ers. Returning home in 1845 in feeble health, he undertook to furnish for the National Capitol a series of pictures illustrating the settlement of the West, but did not live to complete the first, a representation of Daniel Boone s resi dence in Ky. His conversational powers were of a high order, and he possessed a fund of anecdote and wit. Among his best efforts are his portraits of Chief Justice Marshall and Bishop White, his " Rip Van Winkle waking from his Dream," " Mumble the Peg," and " Boyhood of Washington." He was one of the most versatile of American artists. A col lection of 127 of his paintings was exhibited for the benefit of his widow and children. His dau. Sallie m. J. R. Drake of Buffalo. JOHN O BRIEN, artist, son of Henry, after a success ful career in the West as a portrait-painter, opened a studio in N.Y., where his flower pieces and small genre pictures found a ready sale. His facility is remarkable. In 1866 he went to Italy. A picture called " Sunny Thoughts " is highly commended. See Tack- ermans Book of the Artists. Inman, JOHN, journalist, b. Utica, N.Y., 1805 ; d. N.Y. Mar. 30, 1850. Bro. of Henry. With little education, he taught school 2 years inN.C., 1823-5 ; then passed a year in Europe, and, after studying law, became editor of the Standard, afterward of the Spirit of the Times, then of the old N.Y. Mirror, and in 1834 as sist, ed. of the Commercial Advertiser, becoming chief on the death of Mr. Stone in 1844. He was some years editor of the Columbian Mag., one entire number of which was from his pen ; and was a frequent contrib. to the periodicals of the day. In 1833 he m. Miss Fisher, a sister of the talented comedians of that name, of the old Park Theatre. Inman, WILLIAM, commodore U.S.N., b. N.Y. ; bro. of the preceding. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1812; lieut. Apr. 1, 1818; command. May 24 1838; capt. June 2, 1850 ; commo. (retired list) July 16, 1862. He served on the Lakes during the war of 1812-15 ; com. one of two boats capturing a pirate vessel of 3 guns on the coast of Cuba in 1823 ; com. steamer " Michigan," on the Lakes, 1845 ; steam frig ate " Susquehanna," E. I. squad., 1851 ; com. African squad., 1859-61 ; d. Phila. Oct. 23, 1874. Innes, HARRY, jurist, b. Caroline Co., Va., 1752 ; d. Frankfort, Ky., Sept. 20, 1816. Son of Rev. Robert, an Epis. clergyman. In 1776- 7 he was employed by the com. of safety of Va. to superintend Chipil s lead mines; in 1779 he was app. by the Va. legisl. to hear and deter mine land "claims in the Abingdon district; chosen by the Va. legisl. in 1783 judge of the Sup. Court for the dist. of Ky. ; atty.-gen. 1785-7 ; judge of the U.S. Dist. Court for Ky. 1787 to his death. In 1791 he was one of tha local board of war to call out the militia on expeds. against the Indians. Collins. Inness, GEORGE, landscape-painter, b. Newburg, N. Y., May 1, 1825. At 16 he went to N.Y., and in 1845 passed a month in Gignoux s studio ; after which time he long Eractised his art at Eagleswood, N. J. Among is pictures is " The Sign of Promise," " Peace and Plenty," " Going <5ut of the Woods," " A Vision of Faith," " Passing Storm," " Summer Afternoon," and " Twi light." He is an admirer of Rousseau, and reproduces his manner perfectly. There is great strength in his limning of trees, great effect in his treatment of light. He has latterly resided in Italy. Tuckerman. Iredell, JAMES, jurist, b. of Irish ancestry, Lewes, Sussex Co., Eng., Oct. 5, 1750; d. Edenton, N.C., Oct. 20, 1799. He emig. to Chowan Co., N.C., at 17, and studied law with Gov. Saml. Johnston, whose sister Hannah he m. July 1773. Was adm. to the bar, Dec. 14, 1770; and was dep. atty.-gen. in 1774; clep. and afterward collector of Edenton until the Revol. ; chosen judge of the Sup. Court, Dec. 20, 1777; resigned 1778; mem. of the Const. Conv. at Hillsborough ; atty.-gen. of N.C. in 1779-82; and judge of the U. S. Sup. Court from Feb. 1790 till his death. He was the elo quent defender and able exponent of the Fed eral Constitution in the State convention. In 1791 he pub. "Iredell s Revisal of the Stat utes of N.C." His judicial opinion in the case of " Chisholm vs. Georgia " contains the germ of all the later doctrines of " State rights." His " Life and Corresp.," by G. J. McRee, was pub., 2 vols., N.Y. 1857. Iredell, JAMES, son of the preceding, b. Chowan Co., N.C., Nov. 2, 1788 ; d. Edenton, N.C., April 13, 1853. N. J. Coll. 1806. He was bred to the bar; was 10 years in the -house of commons, of which he was also speaker ; com. a company of vols. at Norfolk, Va., in the war of 1812 ; chosen judge of the State Sup. Court in 1819; gov. of N.C. 1827; and U.S. sena tor 1828-31. He afterward practised at Ra leigh ; and was many years reporter of the de cisions of the Sup. Court. He pub. 13 vols. of law, and 8 of equity reports. In 1833 he was app. a commiss. to collect, and revise the State statutes. He also pub. a " Treatise on the Law of Executors and Administrators." Irvin, WILLIAM W., jurist, b. Albemarle Co., Va., 1778; d. Lancaster, 0., Apr. 1842. Often a member of the Ohio legisl. from Fair- field Co. ; judge Sup. Court of Ohio 1809-15 ; M.C. 1829-33. Irvine, GEN. JAMES, d. Phila. 29 Apr. 1819, a. 83. Col. in 1776 ; maj.-gen. Pa. mili tia in 1777 ; captured in attack on the British camp near White Marsh, 5 Dec. 1777, being wounded and left on the field. Irvine, WILLIAM, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Fermagh, Ireland, 3 Nov. 1741 ; d. Phila. 29 July, 1804. Educated at the Dublin U., he studied medicine ; was some time surgeon of a British ship-of-war ; but, after the peace of 1763, removed to the U.S., and practised at Carlisle, Pa. Member of the convention which 474 ZKV met at Phila 15 July, 1774, and recommended a general congress ; representative of Car lisle until 1776; raised and com. the 6th Pa. regt., and was captured at Trois Rivieres, Canada ; released on parole 3 Aug. ; ex changed 6 May, 1778; col. 2d Pa. regt. 1778; brig.-geu. 12 May, 1779 ; was employed in N. Jersey, and under Wayne at Bull s Ferry. In the autumn of 1781 he was intrusted with the defence of the north-western frontier, and was stationed at FortPitt. In 1785, he wasapp. by the pres. of Pa. an agent to examine the pub lic lands of that State, and suggested the pur chase of the " Triangle," thus giving to Pa. an outlet upon Lake Erie. Member of the Old Congress 1786-8, and of the convention that revised the constitution of Pa. In 1794 he was a commiss. to the Whiskey insurgents, but was unsuccessful in quieting them, and, at the head of the State militia, took part in the operations resulting in their pacification. M.C. 1793-5. Two of his brothers were gallant offi cers, Capt. Andrew and Dr. Matthew of Lee s Legion. Three sons were also officers of the armv, CALLENDER, com.-gen. of pur chases, who d. 9 Oct. 1841 ; Col. WILLIAM A., of the 42d Inf. ; and Capt. ARMSTRONG, dis- ting. at Chrystler s Field and at Lyon s Creek. Irving, JOHN TREAT, nephew of Wash ington Irving, lawyer and author, b. ab. 1810. Col. Coll., N.Y., 1829. His father, JOHN T. IRVING (b. 1778; d. N.Y. City, March 18, 1838; Col. Coll. 1798), was pres. judge of the C.C.P. for the city and county of N.Y. from 1817 till his d. ; contrib. to the Morning Chron icle, a Democ. journal started by his bros. ; and was disting. by his poetical attacks upon his political opponents. The son is the author of "Indian Sketches," 1833, a narrative of an exped. to the Pawnee tribes ; " Scenes and Ad- -entures in the Rocky Mountains," 2 vols. ; Discourse on the Advantages of Classical Learning," with a sketch of W. S. Johnson, .830; and two novels, "The Attorney" and * Harry Harson," which originally appeared .n the Knickerbockei- Mag. under the signature Df "John Quod." Irving, PAULUS ^EMILIUS, a Brit, gen., b. Waterford, Ireland, Aug. 30, 1751 ; d. Car lisle, Jan. 31, 1828. His father, Col. P. JE. Irving, was at the siege of Quebec in Sept. 1759, as maioi*15th Foot, and was wounded. June 30, 1766, then being com.-in-chief, he be came pres. of the Province of Quebec ; in 1771 was app. lieut.-gov. of Guernsey, and afterward of Upnor Castle, Kent. He d. Apr. 22, 1796. The son was lieut. 47th Foot in 1764; capt. 1768 ; major in 1775 ; and was engaged in the battles of Lexington and Bunker s Hill ; at the affair of Trois Rivieres, June, 1776; at Crown Point and Ticonderoga ; and served with Burgoyne till his surrender. He subse quently served in the West Indies ; was made gen. in 1812 ; and created a baronet Sept. 19, :809. Irving, PETER, M.D. (Col. Coll. 1794), writer, bro. of Washington Irving, b. Oct. 30, 1771 ; d. N.Y., June 27, 1838. He studied, but never practised, medicine; and in 1802 became id. and proprietor of the Morning Chronicle, a Democ. journal, to which his bros. Washington and John Treat, Paulding, W. A. Duer, and Ru^ dolph Bunner, were contribs. Returning from European travel in 1807, he projected with his bro. " Knickerbocker s History of New York." He returned to Europe in 1809, and remained until 1836. He pub. " Giovanni Sbogarro, a Venetian Tale," N.Y. 1820. Irving, THEODORE, LL. D. (Un. Coll. 1851), author, b. New York, May 9, 1809. Col. Coll. 1837. He joined his uncle, Wash ington Irving, in Spain in 1828, and resided with him in Eng., studying general literature in Paris, and afterward studying law in Lon don and New York. Professor of history and belles-lettres in Geneva Coll., N.Y., from 1836 to 1849, and afterward held for 3 years a simi lar professorship in the N.Y. Free Acad. Tak ing orders in the Epis. Church in 1854, he be came rector of St. Andrew s Parish, Richmond, Staten Island. Besides many contribs. to periodicals, he is the author of " The Conquest of Florida by De Soto," 1835 and 1851, es teemed for its easy and elegant style ; and of "The Fountain of Living Waters," 1854, a devotional work. Irving, WASHINGTON, LL.D., author, b. N.Y. City, Apr. 3, 1783 ; d. Tarry town, N.Y., Nov. 28, 1859. Wm., his father, was a Scotch emigrant; and his mother was an English woman. At the age of 16 he began the study of law, but did not enter upon its practice. At 19 he wrote a series of articles under the signature of " Jonathan Oldstyle," pub. in the Morning Chronicle, edited by his brother Peter. From May, 1804, to March, 1806, he was in Europe for his health. In 1807 he pub., in conjunction with his brother William, and J. K. Paulding, "Salmagundi;" in Dec. 1808, " Knickerbocker s History of N.Y. ; " ed. the Analectic Mag. during the war of 1812-14, to which he contrib. a series of biographies of the naval officers of the U. S.; and in May, 1815, went to Europe, where he resided 17 years. He had previously engaged with two of his brothers in mercantile pursuits as a silent partner. The failure of the commercial house with which he was connected threw him upon his literary resources, and, aided by Sir Walter Scott, he brought out "The Sketch-Book " in Lond. in 1820, which brought him fame and profit : and, after a year s residence in Paris, "Bracebridge Hall" appeared in May, 1822. He passed the following winter in Dresden ; returned to Paris in 1823, and in May, 1824, to Lond., to pub. " The Tales of a Traveller;" returned to Paris in Aug. ; and in the autumn of 1825 visited the south of France. He went to Madrid in Feb. 1826; pub. his "Life of Columbus" in 1828; made a tour to the south of Spain; in 1829 pub. "The Conquest of Granada ;" and resided three months in the Al- hambra, where he prepared the work pub. un der that name in 1832. In 1829-31 he was sec. of legation to the Amer. embassy in Lond., and received one of the 50-guinea gold medals provided by George IV. for eminence in his torical compositions. In May, 1832, he re turned to N.Y. ; in 1835 pub. " Tonr on the Prairies," "Abbotsfordand Newsteacl Abbey," and " Legends of the Conquest of Granada ; " 475 in 1836 "Astoria;" and in 1837 "The Ad ventures of Capt. Bonneville." From 1839 to 1841 he contrib. articles to the Knickerbocker Mag. These and other articles from the Eng lish annuals and periodicals were in 1855 coll. in a vol. entitled " Wolfert s Roost." In 1841 he pub. "A Life of Margaret Miller David- sou " to accompany an edition of her poetical remains. Minister to Spain in 1842-6; after his return, he began the publication of a revised edition of his works, 15 vols. 1848-50. In 1 849 he pub. "Oliver Goldsmith, a Biography;" and in 1849-50 "Mahomet and his Successors." His last work was his " Life of Washington," 5 vols. 1855-9. He was never married. The honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was con ferred on him by H.U. in 1832 ; Oxford, Eng., in 1831; and Col. Coll. in 1829. He was a corresp. member of the Roy. Acad. of History of Spain, and an hon. member of the Hist, and Geog. Institute of Brazil. He was also a mem ber of other learned and scientific societies. A Memoir of Irving, with his Letters, was pub. by his nephew, Pierre M. Irving, 5 vols. 1867. Irving, WILLIAM, bro. of the preceding, writer and merchant, b. New York, Aug. 15, 1766; d. there Nov. 9, 1821. From 1787 to 1791 he was an Indian trader on the Mohawk River. In 1793 he m. a sister of J. K. Pauld- ing, and afterward became a merchant in N.Y. Eminent for wit and refinement, as well as knowledge of the world. He was one of the authors of "Salmagundi," to which he contrib. most of the poetical pieces " from the Mill of Pindar Cockloft." M.C. 1813-19. Irwin, COL. HENRY; killed at the battle of Germantown, Oct. 4, 1777. Merchant of Tarborough, N.C., before the Revol. Member of the first Assembly from Edgecombe in Aug. 1775; lieut.-col. Sept. 9, 1775. Irwin, GEN. JARED, gov. of Ga. 1796-8 and 1806-9, b. Mecklenburg Co., N. C., 1751; d. Union, Washington Co., Ga., March 1, 1818. Migrating to Ga. at the age of 7, he was for many years on the Indian frontier, and, during the latter part of the Revol. war, actively em ployed against the Tories and Indians. At the close of the war he was chosen to the State legisl. ; was a member of the convention which adopted the Constitution in 1789; pres. of the State Const. Conv. 1798; and many years member and pres. of the senate. Removing to Pa., he was M.C. from that State in 1813-17. Isham, GEN. JIRAH, b. Colchester, Ct., 1778; d. New London, 6 Oct. 1842. Y. C. 1797. He was a lawyer at New Lond.; State s atty. ; mayor ; judge of probate ; and, as maj.- gen. of militia, com. in defence of Stonington in 1814. Iturbide, AUGUSTIN DE, emperor of Mex ico, b. Valladolid, Mex., Sept. 27, 1783; d. 19 July, 1824. Bred a farmer. He entered the militia at the age of 17 ; wasalieut. in 1810; and, for his services in suppressing the insurrection of Morelos, was made a col. and com. of Bahia ; but, on being deprived of that post, left the ser vice, and returned to his plantation. Placed in command of an army destined to the South, he marched to Acapulco in the latter part of 1819, and, having matured a scheme for the over throw of the Spanish power, knovn as the "Iguala Plan," promulged 24 Feb. 1821, he marched to Queretaro; was joined by Victoria, a devoted patriot ; took possession of the capi tal 27 Sept. in the name of the nation ; and established a regency named by himself, and wholly under his own control. May 1 8, 1822, he was declared emperor; but public distrust, and the conflicting claims of rival chiefs, caused him to abdicate; and 11 May, 1823, he sailed for Leghorn. After some months residence there and in Eng., an insurrection in his favor in duced him to return to Mexico, where he land ed 14 July, 1824, but was recognized; and, pursuant to a decree declaring him a traitor if he dared to land on the Mexican territory, he was shot at Padillo. His widow was granted $8,000 on condition that she should reside ei ther in Colombia or the U.S. She long resided in Phila. Two of her sons afterward returned to Mexico, where they held offices of trust un der the govt. See his Life, by himself, a pam phlet pub. Lond. 1824. Iverson, ALFRED, Democ. politician, b. Burke Co., Ga., Dec. 3, 1798. N. J. Coll. 1820. He studied law ; settled in practice in Colum bus, Ga. ; was a member of both houses of the State legisl. ; was twice elected judge of the Superior Court; was M.C. 1847-9; U.S. sen ator from 1855 to 1861; was an advocate, in that body, of disunion a.nd an independent Southern confederacy ; and withdrew Jan. 28, 1861. He became col. of a Ga. regt., and in Nov. 1862 brig.-gen. He m. a dau. of Hon. John Forsyth; d. Macon, Ga., Mch. 5, 1873. Ives, ANSEL W., M.D. (Coll. Ph. and Surg., N.Y., 181 4), physician, b. Woodbury, Ct, 1788; d. New York, Feb. 2, 1838. He labored on a farm ; then taught school ; studied and prac tised medicine in N.Y. with constantly-increas ing success. Of his articles for medical jour nals, that on the Humulus lupulus gained him reputation. He pub., with Notes, " Paris s Pharmacologia," and " Hamilton on Mercurial Remedies." Ives, ELI, M.D., physician, b. N. Haven, Ct., Feb. 7, 1779 ; d. there Oct. 8, 1861. Y.C. 1799. He studied medicine ; was 2 years rec tor of the Hopkins grammar-school ; began practice with his father, Dr. Levi, in 1801 ; subsequently continued his studies in Phila. ; and gave special attention to indigenous vege table remedies. With Prof. Silliman, he estab lished in 1813 the medical dept. of Y.C. ; and from 1813 to 1829 was prof, of materia medica. He held the chair of the theory and practice of med. from 1829 till 1853; resuming the chair for a short period subsequently. He had been pres. of the State and National Med. Associa tions, and was a remarkably skilful and suc cessful practitioner. He was an active advo cate of temperance, education, emancipation, and other causes of active benevolence ; found ed and was many years pres. of the Hortic. andPomological Societies; and expended much time and labor in the maintenance of a botani cal garden. He contrib. 4 articles to the Jour nal of Science, and pub. an " Address before the N. Haven Horticultural Soc." in 1837. Y. C. Obit. Record. Ives, LEVI, M.D., physician, b. 1750; d. 476 New Haven, Ct., Oct. 17, 1826. He was a founder of the N. Haven Med. Soc. ; one of the conductors of Cases and Observations, the first med. journal in this country; and was a skilful practitioner. Father of Dr. Eli Ives. Ives, LEVI SILLIMAN, D.D., LL.D., di vine and author, b. Meriden, Ct., Sept. 16, 1797 ; d. Manhattanville, near N.Y. City, Oct. 13, 1867. Brought up on his father s farm in Turin, N.Y. He studied at the acad. at Low- ville, and served nearly a year under Gen. Pike in the war with Eng. He entered Ham. Coll. in 1816, but, on account of poor health, left before the close of his senior year. Join ing the Epis. Church in 1819, he studied the ology at N.Y. under Bishop Hobart (whose dau. Rebecca he m. in 1825), and received dea con s orders in Aug. 1822. He was first a mis sionary at Batavia, N. Y. ; the next year took charge of Trin. Church, Phila., and was ord. priest by Bishop White; in 1827 he took charge of Christ Church, Lancaster, Pa. ; at the end of the year became assist, minister of Christ Church, N.Y. ; 6 months after was made rector of St. Luke s; and Sept. 22, 1831, was consec. bishop of N.C. At Valle Crucis, among the mountains of N.C., he established an insti tution to promote the cause of education in the church, which occasioned him great pecuniary loss. He manifested a deep sympathy with the efforts for the religious training of the slaves, for whom he prepared a catechism adapted to their comprehension and spiritual wants. Besides charges to the clergy, and occasional sermons, he pub. discourses on the " Apostles Doctrine and Fellowship," and on the "Obe dience of Faith," 1849. Siding strongly with the Tractarian movement, his diocese became alienated, and he was at length thoroughly con vinced of the supremacy of the pope. In Dec. 1852 he visited Rome, and was there adm. into the R. C. Church. He vindicated this step in a vol. entitled " The Trials of a Mind in its Progress to Catholicism," 1854. Deposed from his bishopric, Oct. 14, 1853. After his return to Amer. he was employed as prof, of rhetoric in St. Joseph s Theol. Sem. at Fordham, and as lecturer on rhetoric and the English language in the convents of the Sacred Heart and the Sis ters of Charity. The last years of his life were devoted to the establishment of an institution at Manhattanville for the protection of desti tute children. Ixtlilxochitl (ikst-lel-ho-cheetl ), FER NANDO DE ALVA, an Indian historian, de scended in a direct line from the kings of Tezcuco, Mexico, b. ab. 1568 ; d. ab. 1648. He was interpreter of the native languages to the viceroys of Mexico, and collected many an cient MSS. and traditions of his country, which he embodied in a series of memoirs or " Rela tions." His most important work is a " His tory of the Chichemecas," which, with most of his other writings, was first printed by Lord Kingsborough. Appleton. Izard, GEORGE, gen., b. S. C. 1777; d. Little Rock, Ark., Nov. 22, 1828. Son of Ralph. After receiving a classical education, and making a tour in Europe, app. a lieut. of art. June 2, 1794; engr. of fortifications in Charleston harbor in 1798; capt. July, 1799 ; aide to Gen. Hamilton, Dec 16, 1799 , resigned in 1803. On the breaking-out of war with Great Britain, app. col. 2d Art. Mar 12, 1812; brig.-gen. Mar. 12, 1813 ; raaj.-gen Jan. 24, 1814 ; disbanded 1815. Gov. of Ark. Territory from Mar. 1825 till his death. Ha pub. his " Official Corresp. with the War Dept. m 1814-15," 8vo, Phila. 1816. His son JAMES F., 1st lieut. 1st U.S. Dragoons (West Point, 1828), d. of wounds received at Camp Izard, Fla., 5 Mar. 1836, a. 26. Izard, RALPH, statesman, b. near Charles ton, S. C., 1742; d. there May 30, 1804. Camb. U., Eng. His grandfather was one of the founders of S.C. ; and he inherited a large estate in land and slaves. In 1767 he m. Alice, dau. of Peter DeLancey ; visited Eng. in 1771, and the Continent in 1774. He went again to France; was afterward app. by Cong, corn- miss, at the court of Grand Duke of Tuscany, and resided in Paris. He sided with Arthur Lee in his opposition to Silas Deane, Frank lin, and the other Amer. agents in France. July 10, 1780, he returned to Amer. ; was in strumental in procuring Gen. Greene s app. to the Southern army, and pledged his large estate for the purchase of ships-of-war in Europe. Delegate to the Old Congress 1781-3 ; U.S. senator 1789-95. He was polished in manners, able and eloquent, and honest as a legislator, but passionate, and incompetent as a diploma tist. His " Corresp. from 1774 to 1784," with a short Memoir, was pub. by his dau. 1844. His son Ralph, a lieut. U.S.N., was disting. in the war with Tripoli. Jackson, ANDREW, LL.D. (H.U. 1833), 7thpres. U.S., b. Waxhaw,S.C., 15 Mar. 1767; d. at the Hermitage, near Nashville, Tenn., 8 June, 1845. His parents came from Ireland in 1765. At 14 Andrew joined the Revol army, in which his two brothers were killed ; was with Sumter when defeated at Hanging Rock in 1780 ; was captured in 1781, and, for refusing to clean the boots of a British officer, re ceived two wounds from a sword. He studied, and was adm. to practise law in Western N.C. in 1786; removed to Nashville in 1788; was U.S. atty. in 1790 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1796 ; U.S. senator in 1797 ; and was a judge of the Tenn. Sup. Ct. in 1798-1804 ; maj.-gen. Tenn. militia 1798-1814. He com. in the battle with the Creek Indians at Tal- ladega in Nov. 1813 ; at the Emucfau 24 Jan. 1814 ; and at Horse-shoe Bend 27 Mar. 1814 ; made brig.-gen. U.S.A. 19 Apr. 1814; and maj.-gen. 1 May, 1814. Commiss. in that year with Col. Hawkins to treat with the sub dued tribes, and to establish military posts in their country. Jan. 8, 1815, he obtained a signal victory over the British forces at New Orleans, by which, and by his active and vigor ous measures for the defence of that city, he established a high reputation as a gen." In 1817-18 he successfully prosecuted the Sem- inole war; resigned his com. in 1819; was gov. of Fla. in 1821-2 ; U.S. senator 1823-4 ; and in 1828, and again in 1832, was elected pres. The events which particularly marked his administration were the difficulties with France about the payment of the indemnity, the suppression of die nullification movement 477 in S.C. in 1832, the war with the Seminole Indians, the removal of the deposits from the U.S. Bank, and the controversy which ended in the loss of its charter. He possessed great firmness and decision of character, and was a thoroughly honest and straightforward man. In 1806 he challenged, and killed in a duel, Charles Dickinson (receiving himself a severe wound), by which his popularity was greatly impaired; and in Sept. 1813, in an affray at Nashville with Thomas H. Benton, he was severely wounded by Benton s brother Jesse. If his hot temper led him into more than one affair injurious to his reputation, his humanity and benevolence were frequently exhibited. In 1835 an attempt upon his life was made by Richard Lawrence, afterward confined as a lunatic. His biog. has been written by J. H. Eaton, 1818; William Cobbett, 1834; Amos Kendall, 1844; and by James Parton, 3 vols. 8vo, 1859. Jackson, CHARLES, LL.D. (H.U. 1821), jurist, b. Newburyport, May 31, 1775 ; d. Bos ton, Dec. 13, 1855. H.U. 1793. Son of Hon. Jonathan. Charles studied law in the office of Chief Justice Parsons ; was adm. to practice in Essex Co. in 1796, rapidly attaining emi nence; and in 1803 removed to Boston, where he was engaged with Judge Hubbard, his part ner, in the most lucrative practice in the State, and where he attained the highest rank at a bar thronged with brilliant competitors. Judge Ms. Sup. Court 1813-24 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1820; afterwards aided in other desirable legal reforms, and especially in those affecting the relations of debtor and cred itor ; and in 1 833 was app. one of the commiss. to codify the State laws. He pub. a treatise upon the " Pleadings and Practice in Real Actions," 8vo, 1828. Jackson, CHARLES DAVIS, D.D. (Norwich U. 1 859), b. Salem, Ms., Dec. 15,1811. Dartm. Coll. 1833; And. Theol. Sera. 1838. Prof, of Latin and Greek at Lane Sem. ; was head of a classical school at Petersburg, Va., 2 years ; taught in Dr. Hawks s school at Flush ing, L. I., 1 year ; ord. priest in the Prot.-Epis. Church, N.Y. City, Mar. 5, 1842; rector of St. Stephen s Church 1 or 2 years ; rector of St. Luke s, Staten Island, 1843-7; and since then of St. Peter s, Westchester, N.Y. He pub. a vol. on " Popular Education," on " The Relation of Education to Crime" (2 vols.), " Select Discourses," and " Sermons on a Fu ture State." Jackson, CHARLES THOMAS, M.D. (H.U. 1829), chemist, mineralogist, and geologist, b. Plymouth, Ms., June 21, 1805. Descended from Abraham, one of the early settlers of Plymouth, and, on the mother s side, from Rev. John Cotton. While preparing himself for coll. his health failed, and he made an excur sion on foot through N.Y. and N. J. with sev eral disting. naturalists. Returning to Boston, he studied medicine. In the summer of 1827, he made, in company with Francis Alger of Boston, a mineralogical and geological survey of Nova Scotia, an account of which is in the Amer. Journal of Science for 1828. In 1829 they renewed this survey, pub. a fuller account in the " Memoirs of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences." In 1829-32 he visited Europe, pui suing his medical and scientific studies at Paris made a pedestrian tour through Central Eu rope ; was at Vienna during the prevalence of the cholera ; assisted in the dissection of the bodies of 200 victims of the disease ; and pub. a detailed account of his medical observations in the Boston Med. Mag. for 1832. Visiting Italy, he made a geol. tour of Sicily. In 1837 a controversy arose between Prof. Morse and Dr. Jackson in regard to their respective claims to the invention of the magnetic telegraph, the evidence respecting which has been printed. In 1836 he was app. State geologist of Me., of which he made 3 annual reports; in 1839 of R. I., of which he made a report in 1 vol. ; in 1840 of N.H., occupying 3 years, of which he pub. the report in 1844. He then explored the wilderness on the southern shore of Lake Su perior, and made known to the public the won derful mineral resources of that region. In 1847-9 he was app. by Congress to survey the mineral lands in Mich., his report of which was pub. in 1850. Dr. Jackson is also a claim ant of the discovery of anaesthetics, and is the recipient of various honors on that account. (See Morton, W. T. G.) He has made numer ous scientific discoveries, and has furnished many scientific communications to the Journal of /Science and Arts, to the Comptes Rendns, and to the Bulletin de la Societe* Geologlcale de France. He has also pub. in the U. S. Patent Office Agric. Reports the results of chemical researches on the cotton-plant, the tobacco-plant, on Indian corn, and on 38 varieties of Amer. grasses, He pub. in 1861 " Manual of Etherization, with a History of the Discovery." Appleton. Jackson, CLAIBORNE F., politician, b. Fleming Co., Ky., Apr. 4, 1807 ; d. Little Rock, Ark., Dec." 6, 1862. He went to Mo. in 1822; was a capt. in the Black Hawk War; was 10 or 12 years in the State legisl. ; speaker of the house 1 year; and gov. of Mo. in 1861. His efforts for the secession of the State were frustrated by Gen. Lyon ; and he was deposed by the State Conv. in July. He was made a gen. in the Confed. army. Jackson, GEN. CONRAD FAEGER, b. Pa., Sept. 11,1813; killed in the battle of Fredericks- burg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Before the war he had been connected with the Pa. Central and Read ing Railroads. He became col. 9th Pa. Re serves in 1861 ; com. his regt. at the battle of Drainsville; and served under Gen. McCall in the Peninsular campaign. Made a brig. -gen. July 17, 1862, he took com. of a brigade in Mc- Call s division, which he led at So. Mountain and Antietam. Jackson, FRANCIS, b. Newton, Mar. 7, 1789; d. Boston, Nov. 14, 1861. Many years pres. Ms. Antislavery Society. Son of Major Timothy (1756-1814), a Revol. officer. He was at one time a member of the city govt., and the originator of many public improve ments in Boston. He pub. a " Hist, of New ton," 1854. Jackson, GEN. HENRY, Revol. officer, b. Boston, Oct. 1747 ; d. there Jan. 4, 1809. App. col. 16th Ms. regt. Jan. 12, 1777 ; com. the 9th in 1779-82 (called the Boston regt.) ; and dis ting. at R. I. in 1778, and at Springfield, N.J. ; 478 in June, 1780. He afterward com. the 4th Ms. regt. ;maj.-gen. Ms. militia, 1792-96. Jackson, HENRY, M.D. (Phila. Coll.), LL.D., b. Devonshire, Eng., 1778 ; d. near Athens, Ga., Apr. 26, 1840. At the age of 12 he emigrated to Amer., and was educated by his bro. Gen. James Jackson. Prof, of math, and nat. philos. in the U. of Ga. 1811- 14 and 1817-28; sec. of legation in France 1814 ; and charged affaires until 1817. Jackson, HENRY, D.D. (B.U. 1854), b. Providence, R. I., June 16, 1798; d. Newport, R.L, Mar. 2, 1863. B.U. 1817. Ord. over the 1st Baptist Church, Charlestown, Ms., Nov. 27, 1822; dism. Oct. 19, 1836; founded the Charlestown Female Sem. ; pastor of the First Church, Hartford, 1836-8; of New Bed ford, Jan. 1, 1839 to Oct. 19, 1845, and of the Central Baptist Church, Newport, from Jan. 24, 1847, to his death. He pub. "Account of the Churches of R. I.," 8vo, 1854 ; and " An- niv. Discourse before the Central Baptist Church, Newport," 8 Jan. 1854. Hist. Mag. Dec. 1868. Jackson, HENRY ROOTES, author and diplomatist, b. Athens, Ga. June 24, 1 820. Y. C. 1839. Son of Dr. Henry. Educated at Frank lin Coll., Athens, Ga. Was subsequently adm. to the bar ; and was several years U. S. dist.- atty. for the State. He was also, at one period, one of the editors of the Savannah Georgian. Col. of a Georgia regt. in the Mexican war. He was a judge of the eastern circuit from 1849 to 1853, when he was app. charge d affaires at Vienna, and from 1854 to 1858 was minister resident. Made a brig. -gen. in the rebel army in the beginning of the war, he had a com. on the Upper Potomac. Author of "Tallulah, and other Poems," 1851. Jackson, GEN. JAMES, soldier and states man, b. Devonshire, Eng., Sept. 21, 1757; d. Washington, March 19, 1806. In 1772 he came to Savannah, and began to study law. Nature having eminently fitted him for a sol dier, he was active in repelling the British from Savannah in March, 1776; com. a company until the fatal Florida exped. of Gen. Howe; made brigade maj. of Ga. militia in 1778, and wounded in the skirmish in which Gen. Scre- ven was killed ; took part in the defence of Savannah; and when it fell, Dec. 29, 1778, fled to S. C., where he joined Gen. Moultrie. While on his way, so wretched was his appear ance, that some Whigs arrested, tried, and con demned him as a spy ; ab. to be executed, he was fortunately recognized by a gentleman of reputation from Ga. In March, 1780, he was severely wounded in a duel ; his adversary, Lieut.-Gov. Wells, being killed. He joined Col. Elijah Clark in Aug. 1780, and at the battle of Blackstocks was vol. aide toSumter; in 1781 he was brig, major to Gen. Pickens, sharing in the victory of the Cowpens ; and at the battle of Long Cane, when Col. Clark was disabled, saved his com. from dispersion. He was at the siege of Augusta, and was left in com. of the garrison after the expulsion of the British. He next com. a legionary corps, with which he did good service : at the close of the war the Ga. legisl. gave him a house and lot in Savannah. Engaged successfully in the practice of the law; he m. in 1785; was made brig.-gen. in 1786 ; and was elected gov. of Ga. in 1788, but declined on account of youth and inexperience. M. C. 1789-91; U.S. senator 1793-5 and 1801-6; maj.-gen. of militia 1792 ; chiefly ir> strumental in framing the constitution of Ga. in 1798; and gov. in 1798-1801. While in Congress, he strenuously opposed the bill for the suppression of the slave-trade. He was a man of impetuous temper, but of approved in tegrity and patriotism. His bro., Gen. Abra ham, d. in Jan. 1810. Nat. Port. Gall. Jackson, JAMES, M.D., LL.D. (H. U, 1854), physician, bro. of Charles, b. Newbury- port, Oct. 3, 1777 ; d. Boston, Aug. 27, 1867. H. U. 1796. For 6 months after graduating, he was English teacher at Leicester Acad. ; he studied medicine under Dr. Holyoke of Salem, and in Lond. ; then returned to Boston, where he began practice in 1800. In 1810, with Dr. J. C. Warren, he proposed the establishment of a hospital in Boston. The Asylum for the Insane was soon established at Somei-ville, and afterward the Ms. Gen. Hospital in Boston, of which Dr. Jackson was the first physician, and resigned in 1835. In 1810 he was chosen prof, of clinical medicine in the med. dept. of H.U. ; in 181 2 prof, of theory and practice there, and in 1835 was made emeritus prof. His principal publications are, " On the Brunonian System," 1809; "Remarks on the Medical Ef fects of Dentition," 1812 ; various articles in the "Transactions of the Ms. Medical Society; " "Syllabus of Lectures," 1816 ; and "Text- Book of Lectures," 1825-7; A Memoir of his son, James Jackson, jtm., who died in 1834; " Letters to a Young Physician," 1855 ; " Eu logy on Dr. John Warren," 1815. Dr. Jack son was also a frequent contrib. to the Boston Med. and Surgical Journal. Jackson, GEN. JAMES S., b. Madison Co., Ky., ab. 1822 ; killed in the battle of Perryville, Oct. 8, 1862. Educated at Centre Coll. He studied law ; practised at Greenupsburg, and afterwards at Hopkinsville, Ky., and was prom inent both as a lawyer and a politician. He served in the Ky. Cav. in the Mexican war. Elected as a Union candidate to the 37th Con gress. He became col. 3d Ky. Cav. ; was made a brig.-gen. July 10, 1862 ; and com. a division under Gen. McCook at Perryville. lie had fought several duels, one of them with T. F. Marshall. Jackson, JOHN G., lawyer and politician, d. Clarksburg, Va., March* 29, 1825. At 19 he was surveyor of public lands in Ohio ; at 20 a member of the Va. legisl., and again in 1798-9; M.C. from Va. 1795-7, 1799-1810, 1813-17 ; app. judge U.S. court, west. dist. of Va., in 1819 , brig.-gen. State militia, 1813. Jackson, JOHN J., brig.-gen. C. S. A., b. Augusta, Ga., 1829 ; d. Milledgeville, March 22, 1866. He was a lawyer by profession ; raised the Augusta vol. batt., and 1st Ga. inf., and com. a brigade in Bragg s corps at Shiloh ; in August, 1864, he com. the Confed. dept. of Fla. ; after the war, he resumed his profession at Augusta. Jackson, JONATHAN, statesman, b. Bos- ton, June 4, 1743 ; d. there March 5, 1810 H.U. 1761. He was long a merchant in New JA.C 479 buryport, where he m. the dan. of Patrick Tracy, an opulent merchant. Member of the Prov. Congress 1775; representative in 1777; member of the Old Congress in 1782; State senator in 1789 ; and marshal of the dist. of Ms. ; afterward State treasurer, and pres. of the State Bank. Author of "Thoughts upon the Polit. Situation of the U.S.," 1 788. Judge Charles, Dr. James, and Patrick T., were his sons. Jackson, GEN. MICHAEL, Revol. soldier, b. Newton, Ms., Dec. 18, 1734; d. there April 10, 1801. A lieut. in the French war : at Bun ker s Hill, where he was major of Gardner s regt., he had a personal encounter with a Brit ish officer, whom he killed, while he received a ball in the side : his life was saved by his sword- belt. He was afterward lieut.-col. of Bond s regt., and was wounded in the thigh at Mon- tressor s Island, in 1776 ; col. 8th Ms. regt. of the Cont. line from Jan. 1777 till the end of the war, in which his 5 brothers and 5 sons were engaged. Hist, of Newton. Jackson, GEN. NATHANIEL J., b. New- buryport, Ms. Capt. Lewiston Light Inf. be fore the war; col. 1st Me. vols. June, 1861 ; and was afterward col. 5th Me. regt. ; brig.-gen. vols. 24 Sept. 1862; com. 2d brig. 2d div. 12th corps, and served through the campaigns of McClellan and Pope in Va., and was wounded at Gaines s Mill. In the fall of 1864 he took com. 1st div. 20th corps; was in Sherman s march to the sea, and in the invasion of the Carolinas; brev. maj.-gen. ; mustered out 24 Aug. 1865. Jackson, PATRICK TRACT, merchant (bro. of Dr. James), b. Newburyport, Aug. 14, 1780 ; d. Beverly, Sept. 12,1847. Establishing him self in Boston, he acquired a fortune in the India trade. With his brother-in-law, Francis C. Lowell, he engaged in the cotton manuf. ; having succeeded, in the latter part of 1812, in producing a model from which the ingenious Paul Moody constructed a power-loom. In 1813 they built their first mill at Waltham, said to have been the first in the world that combined all the operations for converting the raw cotton into finished cloth. In 1821 he made large purchases of land on the Merrimack River, where a number of mills were construct ed by the Merrimack Manuf. Co., organized un der his auspices. This settlement formed the germ of the city of Lowell, subsequently erected on the spot. He in 1830 procured a charter for a railroad between Lowell and Boston, the construction of which he directed with untiring energy until its completion in 1835. Pecuniary reverses having overtaken him in 1837, he took charge of the Locks and Canals Company of Lowell ; and was subsequently agent of the Great Falls Manuf. Co. at Somersworth. He also labored zealously to promote the moral and intellectual improvement of the operatives in his mills, with deserved success. See Hunt s Lives if American Merchants. Jackson, DR. ROBERT MONTGOMERY SMITH, med. insp. 23d army corps, b. Pa. ; d. Chattanooga, Tenn., Jan. 28, 1865. A resident of Cresson, he was widely known in Pa. for force of character and scientific attainment, and was specially disting. as a botanist and geologist. He was a member of the Pa. Giol Commission, of the Am. Philos. Soc., the Acad. of Natural Sciences, and other learned bodies. He pub. " The Mountain," a work disting. by a love of nature and scientific knowledge. Jackson, SAMUEL, M.D., prof, institutes of med. at the U. of Pa. 1835-63, M.D. of Rutg. Coll. 1812, b. Phila. 22 Mar. 1787. Has pub. "Principles of Medicine," 8vo, 1832; " Discourse Commemo. of Nathl. Chapman," 1854; Introd. to J. C. Morris s Transl. of "Lehman s Chemical Physiology," 8vo, 1856; " Occasional Medical Essays" ; d. Apr. 5, 1872. Jackson, THOMAS JONATHAN ("Stone wall"), gen. C.S.A., b. Clarksburg, V^., Jan. 21, 1824 ; d. at Guinea s Station, Va., May 10, 1863. West Point, 1846 (No. 17 in his class). The death of his father, in 1827, left him de pendent upon an uncle, who brought him up a farmer. As a boy he was noted for gravity and sobriety of manners. Entering the 2d Art., he served in Mexico with Magruder s battery; became 1st lieut. Aug. 20, 1847; brev. capt. and major for gallantry at Con- treras, Churubusco,and Chapultepec; resigned Feb. 29, 1852, with impaired health ; and be came a prof, in the Milit. Inst. at Lexington, Va. Embracing the secession movement with enthusiasm, he was made a col.; and May 3, 1861, app. com. of the " Army of Observation" at Harper s Ferry. He encountered Gen. Pat terson s advance at Falling Waters, July 2 ; bore a disting. part, and com. a brigade, in the battle of Bull Run, where, in the language of the Confed. Gen. Bee, "Jackson stood like a stone wall." He was soon after made a brig., and in Sept. a maj.-gen., and assigned to the com. at Winchester. He attacked Gen. Shields at this place, Mar. 23, 1862, and was repulsed. Early in May he turned upon his pursuers, and by a rapid march cut off a detached body at Front Royal, and compelled the Union army under Banks to retreat hastily to the Potomac. Fremont and McDowell endeavored to cut him off; but he succeeded in eluding them by a dis play of energy, decision, and command of re sources, that made his name famous in both Europe and America. Hastening back to Richmond, his timely arrival at Gaines s Mill gave the victory to the Confederates ; on the 29th he engaged McClellan s rear-guard at Frazier s Farm ; and July 1 shared in the sig nal defeat of the Confederates at Malvern Hill. Jackson s corps next moved against Gen. Pope ; Aug. 9 was fought the severely-contested battle of Cedar Mountain, with the small corps of Gen. Banks. Lee having joined Jackson, the latter was despatched, Aug. 24, to gain Gen. Pope s rear, which he did, capturing, at Ma- nassas, prisoners, cannon, and a large amount of stores. Lee came to his support ; and on the 30th was fought the second battle of Ma- nassas. He took part in the invasion of Md. ; Sept. 15 captured Harper s Ferry, with 11,00 ^ prisoners, and rejoined Lee at Antietam in season to do the severest fighting at that battle. Lieut.-gen. for the battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. By his flank movement at Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863, the llth corps of Hooker s army was routed, and compelled 480 to fall back ; but in the darkness he was, by mistake, fired upon by his own men, and so severely wounded as to occasion his death a few days later. Jackson was a deacon in the Presb. Church ; and his religious fervor some times approached the verge of fanaticism. His manners and dress were of the simplest de scription. Jackson, TIMOTHY, inventor, d. Boston, Ms., Oct SI, 1858. The hotel annunciator, the heavy ordnance by which the walls of the Malakoff and Redan were battered down at the storming of Sebastopol, the " Novelty " $5 sewing-machine, and many other new and use ful inventions, were his. He, however, reaped little pecuniary benefit from his labors. Jackson, MAJOR WILLIAM, Revol. officer, b. Cumberland, Eng., Mar. 9, 1759; d. Phila. Dec. 17,1 828. An orphan ; brought to Charles ton, S.C., at an early age; liberally educated; a lieut. 1st S.C. regt. June, 1775; aide to Gen. Lincoln in the fight at Stono, June 20, 1779 ; capt. Oct. 9, 1779, in the repulse at Savannah; and made prisoner at Charleston, May 12, 1780; in 1781 sec. to Col. John Laurens, special minister to France; aide-decamp to Washing ton, with the rank of major ; assist, sec. of war under Gen. Lincoln 1782-3 ; and after a visit to Europe practised law at Phila. ; in 1787 sec. to the convention that framed the U.S. Constitu tion ; aide and private sec. to Washington 1 789- 93; spent two years in Europe; and Nov. 11, 1795, m. Elizabeth Willing of Phila., who d. Aug. 5, 1858. Surv. of the port of Phila. 1796- 1801 ; sec. of the Soc. of Cincinnati 1800-28 ; solicitor of Revol. pensions, Jan. 1820. After his removal from the office of surveyor by Jefferson, he started The Political and Commer cial Register, a daily newspaper. He delivered the funeral-oration upon Washington in Phila. Jackson, WILLIAM, D.D. (Middleb. Coll. 1839), minister of Dorset, Vt, b. Cornwall, Ct., 14 Dec. 1768; d. Dorset, Vt, 15 Oct. 1842. Dartm. Coll. 1790. Ord. 27 Sept. 1796. He studied theology with Dr. Eramons, and founded the first education society in the U.S. His wife, Susanna Crane of Brentwood, N.H., b. 1771, d. 1848. Some of her interesting let ters are pub. in the Memoirs of her dau. Hen rietta A. L. Hamlin, wife of the missionary. Jackson, WILLIAM, philanthropist, b. Newton, Ms., Sept. 6, 1783; d. there Feb. 27, 1855. Member Ms. legisl. 1829-32; M.C. 1834-7 and 1841-3; and filled other important public stations. He was a pioneer in railroad enterprises in Ms., and a zealous laborer for the causes of temperance and antislavery. Jacob, STEPHEN, chief justice of Vt. ; d. Windsor, Vt., Feb. 1817, a. 61. Yale, 1778. Jacobs, SARAH S., b. R.I., dau. of Rev. Bela Jacobs, a Bapt. minister ; resides in Cam- bridgeport, Ms. She has pub. " Nonantum and Natick," a popular history of the N.E. Indian tribes, 12mo, 1853; "Memoir of Rev. B. Jacobs," 1837. A number of her poetical pieces are in Griswold s "Amer. Female Poets." Allibone. Jacpbson, JOHN CHRISTIAN, bishop of the Moravian Church ; d. Bethlehem, Pa., 24 Nov. 1 870, a. 75. He had been a minister and bishop more than 50 years. Jacobus, MELANCTHON WILLIAMS, D.D, (Jeff. Coll. 1852), LL.D. (U. of Miami 1867), b. Newark, N.J., 1816. N.J. Coll. 1834. Prof. Orient, and Bibl. Lit. in the Western Theol. Sera. ( Presb. ) Author of " Letters on the Pub lic School Controversy;" "Notes on the Gos pels and Acts," 3 vols. 1849-52; Question- Books for the same. Jafifrey, GEORGE, successively councillor, judge, treas., and chief justice of N.H., b. New castle, N.H., Nov. 22, 1682; d. Portsmouth, May 8, 1749. H.U. 1702. James, CHARLES T., inventor, b. West Greenwich, R.I., 1804; d. Sag Harbor, L.I., Oct. 17, 1862, from wounds received by the explosion of a shell of his own manufacture. A.M. of Brown U. 1838. He learned the trade of a carpenter; at 19 began to study mechanics, at the same time learning, as a work man in the machine-shops, the construction of cotton machinery. Removing to Providence, he became supt. of Slater s steam cotton-mills, and maj.-gen. of militia. At Newburyport he erected the Bartlett and James Mills ; and subsequently erected cotton-mills in Salem, Ms., in N.Y., Pa., Ind., and Tenn. ; and in 1849 built the Atlantic Delaine Mill at Olney- ville, R.I. U.S. senator from 1851 to 1857, when he devoted himself to the perfection of several inventions, among then a rifled cannon and a new projectile. He wrote a series of papers on the culture and manufacture of cot ton in the South. James, EDWIN, M.D., botanist and geol ogist to Maj. Long s 1st exped. ; d. 1862. Mid. Coll. 1816. Pub. "Exped. to the Rocky Mountains in 1818-19," 8vo, Phila. 1823"; edited Life of John Tanner. James, HENRY, author, b. Albany, N.Y., June 3, 1811. At 12 he met with an accident, resulting in the amputation of a leg. He passed one year each at Un. Coll. and at Princeton Theol. Sem. Duringatourin Europe he became interested in the views of Robert Sandeman, of ^ whose " Letters on Theron and Aspasio " he "prepared an ed. in 1839. On another visit to Europe, in 1843, he became acquainted with the works of Swedenborg, which have ever since influenced his opinions and writings. In 1845 he pub. "What is the State?" and in 1847 " A Letter to a Swedenborgian." In the winter of 1849-50 he delivered in N.Y. a course of lectures, pub. under the title of " Moralism and Christianity," 1852. A second similar course, in 1851-2, was pub., together with several magazine articles and reviews, with the title "Lectures and Miscellanies," 1852. He has since pub. " The Church of Christ noi an Ecclesiasticism," 1854; " The Nature of Evil," 1855; "Christianity the Logic of Creation," 1857; " Substance and Shadow," 1863 ; "The Secret of Swedenborg," 1869. Duyckinck. James, THOMAS, an English arctic navi gator, employed in 1631, together with Luke Fox, by a comp. of merchants at Bristol, to search for a N.W. passage. He left Bristol May 3, and proceeded to Hudson s Bay : after wintering on an island in the lat. of ab. 52, he proceeded northward, and Aug. 26, 1632, when blocked by ice, had attained 65 degrees north. He returned to Eng., arriving Oct. 22. He 481 pub. in 1633 "The Strange and Dangerous Voyage of Capt. Thomas James for the Dis covery of a North-west Passage to the South Sea/ 4to, 2d ed. Lond. 1740. Capt. James made some discoveries on the coast of Hud son s Bay, and gave the name of New Wales to the country on its western side. James, THOMAS, first minister of Charles- town, Ms., b. Eng. 1592; d. there ab. 1678. Emun. Coll. 1614. He came from Lincoln shire (where he had been a minister) to Bos ton, June 5, 1632 ; was ord. in Charlestown, Nov. 2, 1632; and was dismissed in Mar. 1636, a dissension having sprung up between him and the brethren. He went to New Haven, and in 1642 to Va. ; but was compelled to leave, or conform to the Eng. Church. He returned to N. E. in June, 1643; and was minister of Needham, Suffolk, Eng., until ejected for non conformity in 1662. Calamy calls him " a very holy good man." His son Thomas was minister of E. Hampton, L.I., from 1650 till hisd., 1696. James, THOMAS CHALKLET, M. D., b. Phila. 1766; d. there July 5, 1835. U. of Penn. 1787. Abel, his father, a Quaker of Welsh origin, was a successful merchant of Phila. His mother was a dau. of Thomas Chalkley, the eminent Quaker preacher. He was educated at Robert Pro ud s school; stud ied medicine ; went as surgeon of a ship to the Cape of Good Hope ; studied in London and Edinb. from 1790 to 1793, when he returned home to witness the ravages of yellow-fever. In 1803 he founded the school of midwifery in America. For 25 years he was physician and then obstetrician in the Pa. Hospital. Some years pres. of the Phila. Coll. of Physicians. He was prof, of midwifery in the U. of Pa. from 1811 to 1834; was a skilful practition er, and an able teacher. Founder of the Pa. Hist. Soc. He contrib. to the Portfolio, under the signature of " P. D.," translations in verse, of much beauty, of the Idylls of Gessner. As- soc. editor of the Eclectic Repertory. Gross s Med. Biofj. James, WILLIAM, author, b. England ; d. there 1827. He emig. to the U.S. early in the present century, and was a veterinary surgeon in Phila. Unsuccessful in this pursuit, he re turned to Eng. in disgust, and employed his pen in abusing the Americans. In this spirit he wrote, in 1817 and 1818, "Naval Occur rences of the Late War" (1 vol.), "Military Occurrences of the Late War" (2 vols.), works of no authority ; and " An Inquiry into the Merits of the Principal Naval Actions between Gr. Brit, and the U.S., &c., since June, 1812," 4to, 1816. His "Naval History of Great Britain, 1793-1820," was pub. in 5 vols. 1822. Jameson, CHARLES DAVIS, brig.-gen. vols., b. Gorham, Me., Feb. 24, 1827; d. Old- town, Me., Nov. 6, 1862. He received a lim ited education, and engaged in the lumber- business. He led his regt. {2d Me.) at Bull Run; and for his services was made brig.-gen. Sept. 3, 1861. He participated in the 7-days fight about Richmond, and after the battle of Fair Oaks was attacked with camp-fever, and returned home only to die. A delegate to the Charleston convention. He was a warm per- 31 sonal friend of Mr. Douglas; and was in 1861 and 1862 Democ. candidate for gov. of Me. Jameson, COL. DAVID, Rcvol. officer ; d. Culpeper Co., Va., Oct. 2, 1839, a. 87. He fought at the battle of Great Bridge, Dec. 9 1775 ; and afterward served in 1780 and 1781 in the Southern States, in the brigade of Stevens. In 1790 and 91 he was a delegate to the Va. legisl. ; was afterward a magistrate, and high sheriff of the Co. His elder bro. JOHN held a disting. com. to the close of the war ; and was clerk of the county. Jameson, JOHN ALEXANDER, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1867), jurist and scholar, b. Irasburg,Vt., 25 Jan. 1824. U. of Vt. 1846. Tutor there in 1850-3; began practice in Freeport, 111., in 1853, and settled in Chicago in April, 1856; since Nov. 1865 judge of the Superior Court of Chicago, now called the Sup. Court of Cook Co. In 1866 he pub. "The Constitutional Convention, its History, Powers, and Modes of Proceeding," 8vo, N. Y. One of the editors of the Artier. Law Register, pub. at Phila. since Nov. 1863; and since 1867 prof, of const, law, equity, jurisp., &c., in the law school of the U. of Chicago. He has in press ( 1 87 1 ) a " Trea tise on the Law of Judicial Sales." Janes, EDMUND STONER, D.D. (Vt. U. 1844), bishop M. E. Church, b. Sheffield, Ms., Apr. 27, 1807. When about 4 years of age, his parents removed to Salisbury, Ct. From 1824 to 1830 he was a teacher, at the same time studying law. Resolving to preach the gospel, he in Apr. 1830 received his app. in the Phila. conference; ord. deacon in 1832, and elder in 1834. After 6 years study of the ology, and while engaged in his pastoral duties, he studied medicine, receiving the deg. of M.D. (Vt. U.) 1842. In May, 1840, he was elected financial sec. of the Amer. Bible Society, and continued in that office until elected bishop in 1844; d. New York, Sept. 18, 1876. Janeway, JACOB J., D.D., many years pastor of the Second Presb. Church, Phila., b. N. Y. City, 1776; d. New Brunswick, N. J., June 27, 1 858. Col. Coll. 1794. Ord. 1799. He was in 1828 pres. of the Western Theol. Sem. at Alleghany City. During the last 30 years of his life he resided chiefly in N. Bruns wick, sustaining for some time the relation of pastor of the Ref. Dutch Church, and vice.- pres. of Rutgers Coll. He was active in found ing the Princeton Theol. Sem., and was a di rector 40 years. Author of " Apostolic Age ; " review of " SchafFs Hist, of the Church in the Middle Ages," 8vo, 1853 ; " Expos, of the Acts, and the Epis. to Romans and Hebrews;" "In ternal Evidence of the Bible ; " " On Unlawful Marriage ; " " Abrahamic Covenant ; " " Mode of Baptism," &c. A biog. is in the Phila. Presb. Mag. May, 1853. Janney, SAMUEL M., Friend. App. early in 1869 U.S. supt. of Indian affairs in the North ern Su peri n tendency, b. London Co., Va., 11 Jan. 1801. Author of "The Country School- house," a prize poem, 1825 ; " Convers. on Re- lig. Subjects," 1835; "The Last of the Lenape, and other Poems," 1839 ; " A Teacher s Gift," 1840; "Hist. Sketch of the Christian Church," 1847; "Life of Penn," 8vo, 1852; "Life of Geo. Fox," 1855; "Hist, of the Religious 482 Society of the Friends to 1828," 4 vols. 1867; d. Loud. Co., Va., June 5, 1877. Janney, THOMAS, an eminent Quaker min ister, b. Cheshire, Eng., 1634; d. there Dec. 12, 1696 He settled in Bucks Co., Pa., in 1683, where he labored acceptably, and also in N. J. He visited the churches of N.E., Long Island, and Md., and finally went to England with G. Owen in 1695. Col I .of Quaker Memorials. Janvrin, MARY W. (Mrs. Ellsworth), au thoress, b. Exeter, N.H., 1830; d. Newton, Ms., 15 Aug. 1870. Her ancestor came from the Isle of Guernsey before 1775. Educated at Exeter Female Sem. She began a literary ca reer at 18 with a prize tale for a Boston jour nal ; became a contrib. of prose and verse to periodicals ; and in 1858 became a regular con trib. to Godey s Lady s Book. She pub. " Cy- S -ess-Leaves, by Louise J. Cutler, with a iog.," 1856. Jarves, JAMES JACKSON, author, b. Bos ton, Aug. 20, 1818. He received his early edu cation in Boston, but, on account of weakness of his eyes, abandoned his college studies. In 1838 he sailed for the Sandwich Islands, where he resided some years as U.S. consul, and pub. the Polynesian, the first newspaper ever printed there. He travelled extensively in California, Mexico, and Central America. After his return to the U.S. he pub. a " History of the Sand wich Islands," 1843 ; " Scenes and Scenery of the Sandwich Islands," 1844; and " Scenes and Scenery in California," 1844. His final de parture from the islands took place in Jan. 1848. He has since 1862 resided in Florence, engaged in collecting pictures now included in the art gallery of Yale Coll. He has pub. also " Paris ian Sights and French Principles," 1855 ; " Art Hints," 1855, a work afterward expanded into "Art Studies;" "Italian Sights and Papal Principles," 1856 ; a second series of " Parisian Sights," 1856 ; " Kiana, a Tradition of Ha waii," 1857; "Confessions of an Inquirer" and "Art Thoughts," 1869. Duyckinck. Jarvis, ABRAHAM, D.D. (Y.C. 1797), Prot.-Epis. bishop of Ct., b. Norwalk, Ct., May 5, 1739; d. N. Haven, May 3, 1813. Y.C. 1761. Ord. in Eng. by the Bishop of Carlisle in Mar. 1764, and became in the fol lowing autumn rector of Christ Church, Mid- dletown, Ct. Oct. 18, 1797, he became bishop ; removed to Cheshire in 1799, and in 1803 to N. Haven. He pub. a sermon on the death of Bishop Seabury, a charge to the clergy, and a sermon on the Witness of the Spirit. Jarvis, CHARLES, M.D., physician and politician, b. Boston, Oct. 26, 1748 ; d. there Nov. 15, 1807. H.U. 1766. Son of Col. Leonard, merchant of Boston. His mother was grand-dau. of Col. Church. He completed his medical education in Europe ; settled in Boston, and became disting. in his profession. He was a zealous patriot during the Revol. ; was a delegate to the Const. Conv. 1788, and one of the State legisl. until 1796. He was a popular orator, and a leader of the Jefferson party. App. by Jefferson surgeon of the Marine Hospital, Chelsea. WILLIAM, his son, consul to Lisbon 1802-10, successfully introduced merino sheep into the U.S. ; b. Boston, 4 Feb. 1770; d. Weathersfield, Vt., 21 Oct. 1859. Jarvis, JOHN WESLEY, portrait-painter b. South Shields on the Tyne, Eng., 1780 ; d Jan. 12, 1840. He was a nephew of John Wesley. Came to Phila. in 1785 ; at 10 was apprenticed to Savage the engraver; at 21 began that business for himself in N.Y. City, and soon commenced portrait-painting with great success. He was a man of genius, but of irregular habits, and excelled as a humorist. During one of his trips to N. Orleans, he earned in six months six thousand dollars ; but his profuse and convivial habits kept him con stantly poor. The celebrated Henry Inman was his pupil. He painted heads of Bishop Moore, John Randolph, De Witt Clinton, Hal- leek, O. H. Perry, Stephen Van Rensselaer, &c. Jarvis, SAMUEL FARMER, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1819), LL.D. (Wash. Coll. 1837), clergy man and scholar, b. Middletown, Ct., Jan. 20, 1786 ; d. Mar. 26, 1851. Y.C. 1805. Son of Bishop Abraham. Ord. deacon in Mar. 1810 ; priest in Apr. 1811 ; rector of St. Michael s, N.Y., 1813-15, and of St. James s, 1815, to May, 1819 ; prof, of biblical learning in the theol. sem. of N.Y. 1819; rector of St. Paul s, Boston, 1820-6; and from 1826 to 1835 was in Europe, spending 6 years in Italy ; prof, of Oriental Lit., Washington Coll., Hartford, 1835-7 ; rector of Christ Church, Middletown, Ct. 1 837-42. Historiographer of the church in 1838, and prepared an Ecclesiastical History, from the time of the apostles to the organiza tion of the Enisc. Church in the U.S., pub. in 1844. Author of a " Discourse on the Religion of the Indian Tribes of N. A.," 1820 ; " Reply " to Dr. Milner s " End of Controversy," 1847 ; " The Church of the Redeemed," 1850, 2 vols. ; "Sermons on Prophecy," 1843; " No Union with Rome," 1843. Jasper, WILLIAM, a brave Revol. soldier, b. S.C. ab. 1750; killed at Savannah, Oct. 9, 1779. His want of education caused him to decline the commission to which his valor en titled him. He enlisted as a sergt. in the 2d S.C. regt., and particularly disting. himself at the attack of Fort Moultrie, June 28, 1776. In the hottest of the engagement, the flag-staff was shot off, and the flag fell to the bottom of the ditch, on the outside of the works. Jump ing from one of theembrasures, Jasper mounted the colors, which he tied to a sponge-staff, and replanted on the parapet, where he supported them until another flag-staff was procured. His activity and enterprise induced Moultrie to give him a roving commission ; and selecting, gene rally, 5 or 6 men from the regt., he often re turned with prisoners before Moultrie was apprised of his absence. Upon one occasion, actuated by sympathy for a Mrs. Jones (whose husband was a prisoner, and liable to execu tion for deserting the royal cause after having taken the oath of allegiance), and with one companion only, Sergt. Newton, he captured the British guard of 10 men, and released the prisoners they were escorting to Savannah. Gov. Rutledge presented Jasper with a hand some sword, while Mrs. Elliot presented to the regt. a stand of colors embroidered richly with her own hands. At the assault of Savannah, Jasper endeavored to replace these colors upon 483 the parapet. Though foiled in the attempt, and mortally wounded, he succeeded in bring ing them off. A county of Georgia and a square in Savannah perpetuate his name. Jay, SIR JAMES, M.D., b. 1732 ; d. N. J., Sept. 12, 1815. Bro. of John Jay. Pub. 2 letters (1771-4) rel. to the collection made for the colleges of N.Y. and Phila. ; and a work on the gout, 8vo, 1772. While in Eng. as agent of the N.Y. Coll., he was knighted (Mar. 25, 1 763), and was involved in a chancery- suit arising out of his collections for the coll. ; but he returned home before the Re vol. Jay, JOHN, statesman, b. N. Y., 12 Dec. 1745; d. Bedford, Westchester Co., N.Y., 17 May, 1829. Col. Coll. 1764. Pierre, his great-grandfather, a Huguenot merchant of La Rochelle, fled to Eng. on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Peter, his father (1704- 82), m. in 1728 Mary, dau. of Jacob Van Cortland. John was adm. to the bar in 1768 ; formed a partnership with R. R. Livingston ; soon attained political influence and extensive legal practice; and in 1774, in which year he m. Sarah, dau. of Wm. Livingston, afterward gov. of N. J., was sent as a delegate to the first Congress. Though the youngest member but one, he took a leading part in its proceed ings; drew up the able and eloquent " Address to the People of Great Britain ; " and, as a mem ber of the com. of corresp., is supposed to have written the reply to the Boston address, in which he opposed the project of non-intercourse. He also wrote the address issued by Congress in 1775 to the people of Canada, and for Gov. Livingston an address to the people of Ireland. Recalled in May, 1776, to aid in forming the govt. of N.Y., his name was not attached to the Decl. of Indep., though it received his cor dial support. He was a leading member of the N.Y. conv. of 1776, serving on the most important committees, and actively engaged in repelling invasion, and suppressing Tory combinations. The eloquent address of this conv., dated Fishkill, 23 Dec. 1776, was from his pen. He also reported to the N.Y. conv. in Mar. 1777 a bill of rights ; had a chief share in framing the constitution; was in May app. chief justice of N.Y., and one of the council of safety, having dictatorial powers ; again a member of Congress, Dec. 1778-Sept. 1779; he presided over that body until app. minister to Spain 27 Sept. to negotiate a loan of two mil i ion dollars and the free navigation of the Mpi. After many months of fruitless labor, having in 1781 been app. a commiss., he pro ceeded to Paris, and, with Adams, Franklin, and others, signed the treaty of peace between the U.S. and Great Britain 3 Sept. 1783. Re turning to N.Y. in July, 1784, he was sec. of foreign affairs from Dec. 1784 until 1789. In Apr. 1788, in the riot in N.Y. known as the Doctor s Mob," Jay, while aiding in defending the physicians from popular fury, received a dangerous wound in the temple. Oct. 13, 1786, he drew up an elaborate report on the relations between the U.S. and Great Britain. In 1787 he united with Hamilton and Madison in writ ing " The Federalist," to answer objections to the proposed Federal Constitution. Jay contrib. powerfully to its adoption in the N.Y. conv. in 1788, and, being offered by Washing ton the choice of offices in his gift, accepted that of chief justice, for which position he was eminently fitted. In 1792 Jay received a majority of the votes for gov. of N.Y. ; but, on some technical grounds, George Clinton, the Repub. candidate, was declared elected. In 1794 he reluctantly accepted the mission to ne gotiate a settlement of the difficulties with Eng. He concluded a treaty, 19 Nov. 1794, providing for payment of pre-Revolutionary debts owed to British subjects, and that Amer icans should be indemnified for losses sustained by illegal captures, &c. (ab. $10,000,000 were afterward paid on this account). This treaty was assailed with great violence by the party favorable to France, but was carried into effect by a vote of 58 to 51. From 1795 to 1801 he was gov. of N.Y. ; and under his administration slavery was abolished in that State. He was again made chief justice of the U.S., his former office, but declined. " In lofty disinterested ness," says Hildreth, " in unyielding integri ty," no one of the great men of the Revol. ap proached so near Washington. See Life and Writings of, by Win. Jay, 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1833. Jay, JOHN, minister to Austria (app. April, 1869), grandson of John, and son of William Jay, b. N.Y. City, June 23, 1817. Col. Coll. 1836. Was adm. to the bar in 1839, and prac tised law ; was a prominent member of the Union League Club of N.Y. ; many years a manager and corres. sec. of the N.Y. Hist. Soc., and a member of the Amer. Geog. and Statist. Soc. Author of many antislavery addresses and pamphlets; pamphlets on matters connect ed with the Epis. Church ; and has pub. legal arguments, political addresses, reports, &c. For a list of these, see Duyckinck Suppt. Jay, PETER AUGUSTUS, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1835), lawyer, pres. N.Y. Hist. Soc. ; d. Feb. 20, 1843. Col. Coll. 1794. Eldest son of John Jay, and his private sec. Member N.Y. Assembly 1816; recorder of N.Y. in 1819-20. Jay, WILLIAM, LL.D. (Kenyon, 1858), ju rist and philanthropist, b. N.Y. June 16, 1789; d. Bedford, N. Y., Oct. 14, 1858. Y.C. 1807. Son of John. He studied law, but, injuring his eyes, was compelled to relinquish practice, and retired to his large landed estates at Bedford. In 1815 he founded the Bible Society, and, as pres. of the Westchester Bible Society, deliv ered a long series of annual addresses. He was an early and consistent advocate of the Temperance reform, for the promotion of which he organized a society in 1815. He also took part in the tract, missionary, and educational movements of the day ; and was often pres. of the agric. societies of the county. In 1818 he was app. a judge of the C.C.P. ; and was first judge of Westchester Co. from 1820 to 1842, when he was superseded on account of his a > tislavery opinions. He pub. in 1835 "An Inquiry into the Character of the Amer. Col onization and Antislavery Societies," in 1838 "A View of the Action of the Federal Govt. in Behalf of Slavery," in 1849 "Review of the Causes and Consequences of the Mexican war." In 1843-4 he visited Europe, and, with Sir G. Wilkinson, investigated the subject of Egyptian slavery. Judge Jay was for some 434 fears pres. of the Amer. Peace Society, and in 1848 pub. " War and Peace ; the Evils of the First, with a Plan for suppressing the Last." The committee of foreign relations in the U.S. senate reported in favor of his plan. His numerous publications were widely circu lated, and exercised much influence on public opinion. Author of " Life and Writings of John Jay," 2 vols. 8vo, N. Y. 1833. He was an able judge and a skilful controversialist. Jefferson, JOSEPH, comedian, b. Eng. 1776 ; d. Harrisburg, Pa., Aug. 4, 1832. Son of a disting. actor contemporary with Garrick ; came to Boston in 1795 ; performed there and in N.Y. till 1803, when he went to Phila., where he long remained a favorite at the Chestnut-st. Theatre. He possessed great taste and skill in the construction of intricate stage machinery, and was unrivalled in his peculiar personations. His favorite characters were Kit Cosey, Old D Oilev, and Admiral Cop. Jefferson, JOSEPH, comedian, an able ex ponent of the natural school of personation, b. Phila. Feb. 20, 1829. Grandson of the preced ing. His mother was Mrs. Burke, a celebrated vocalist. He appeared very early on the stage, and earned distinction in a great variety of comic parts, from Bob Acres to Caleb Plum- mer. lie has starred in Eng., Australia, and the U.S. Sept. 4, 1865, he opened at the Adel- phi, London, in a new version of " Rip Van Winkle," by Dion Boucicault, which he has since performed with great success in the U.S. Though identified with this part, in which he has made his great reputation, his range of characters is very large, and unites the most re fined comedy with the broadest farce. His son by his first wife, a Miss Lockyer of N.Y., is said to inherit the family talent. Brown s Amer. Stage. Jefferson, THOMAS, LL.D., 3d pres. of the U.S., b. Shadwell, afterward called Mon- ticello, Va., 2 Apr. 1743 ; d. there 4 July, 1826, on the same day with John Adams, the 50th anniversary of the Decl. of Indep. Wrn. and M. Coll. 1759. Son of Col. Peter (a man of great force of character) and Jane Randolph, lie studied law under Judge Wythe ; was adm. to the bar in 1767, and was remarkably suc cessful. Jan. 1, 1772, he m. Martha Sk elton, a widow of fortune. Member of the House of Burgesses 1769-75. In 1773, with Patrick Henry and others, he devised the celebrated com. of corresp., of which he was a member. In 1774 he published his famous "Summary View of the Rights of British Amer." June 1, 1775, he reported to the Assembly the reply of Va. to Lord North s conciliatory proposi tion, and, June 21, took his seat in Congress. He was placed on the most important commit tees ; drew up the reply of Congress to Lord North s proposal ; and assisted Dickinson in preparing in behalf of the Colonies a declara tion of the cause of taking up arms. Made chairman of the com. to draw up a Decl. of Indep., he drafted and reported to Congress, 28 June, that great charter of freedom, which, on July 4, 1776, was unanimously adopted, luid signed by every member except John Dick inson of Pa. This, the most important State paper in existence, has exerted, and will con tinue to exert, a great influence on the desti nies of the race, and will remain the immortal monument of its author. In Oct. 1776, Jeffer son retired from Congress to take part in the deliberations of the Va. Assemblv. For two fyears and a half he applied himself to a revis ion of the laws of Va., procuring the repeal of the laws of entail, the abolition of primo geniture, the restoration of the rights of ^conscience, the prohibition of the future im- -portation of slaves, the establishment of courts of law, and originated a complete system of "-education. Gov.of Va. from June, 177 9, to 1781. Two days after his retirement, his estate at Elk Hill was laid waste ; and he and his family nar rowly escaped capture. Returned to Congress in 1783, he reported as chairman the definitive treaty of peace with Great Britain. At the -^-succeeding session, he proposed and carried the present decimal system of U.S. coinage, and reported a plan of govt. for the U. S. Ter ritories, introducing the clause which forbade the existence of slavery after the year 1800. In May, 1784, Congress app. him, with Frank lin and Adams, minister.-plenipo. to negotiate treaties with foreign powers; and in 1785 he succeeded Dr. Franklin as resident minister at 4?aris, forming that strong predilection for pref erence for the French nation over the English that afterward marked his career. He procured the abolition of many monopolies ; the admis sion into France of tobacco, rice, whale-oil, salted fish, and flour; made excursions into Germany and Italy ; and displayed marked diplomatic ability. While abroad, he pub. his famous " Notes on Virginia," Paris, 1784. Re turning, he left Paris in Sept. 1789, and was app. by Washington sec. of state. The Fed eral Constitution, recently adopted, did not meet his approval, though he afterward formed a more favorable view of it. With the en trance of Jefferson into the cabinet in Mar. 1790 commenced the struggle between the Republicans under his leadership and the Fed eralists under that of Hamilton. Jefferson opposed Hamilton s funding system, his U.S. Bank, and other financial measures, and favored aiding France with our arms in her war with. -Eng. ; while Hamilton advocated a strict neu trality. These differences occasioned many stormy discussions in the cabinet, and great political excitement throughout the country ; and Jefferson resigned his office 31 Dec. 1793. While sec., he made an able report in Feb. 1791 on the Fisheries; another, in the spring of 1792, upon the Relations of the U.S. with Spain; and in 1793 an elaborate report on Commercial Intercourse with Foreign Nations. Vice-pres. in 1797-1801; pres. 1801-9. His Inaugural Address, delivered at the new Capitol at Washington, Mar. 4, 1801, is unsurpassed among his many great State papers. Among the important events of his administration were the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, our naval victories in the Mediterranean, and peace with Morocco and Tripoli in 1803, Lewis and Clark s exploring exped. to the Pacific in 1804, the trial of Aaron Burr for treason (1807), and the attack, the same year, of the British frigate " Leopard " on the American frigate " Ches apeake," which led to Jefferson s embargo ac 485 and to the war of 1812. He initiated the policy Jfc-of removing incumbents from office for differ- * ence of political opinion, and introduced plain- -jjiess of dress and manners in place of the stately dignity and ceremony of Washington s era. In 1 81 9 lie founded the U. of Va. at Charlottesville, of which he was rector till his death. As the , founder of the Repub. (Democ.) party, Jeffer- x " son has probably exerted a greater influence on the institutions of the U.S. than any other man. 1 All titles were distasteful to him. He was a consummate politician, though no speaker. Disting. for affability, his conversation was fluent, various, and eloquent. His extreme State-rights views were very much modified in later life. In religion he was a freethinker. His " Memoirs, Correspondence," &c., edited by his grandson, T. J. Randolph, were pub. 4 vols. 8vo, 1829 ; his " Writings," in 9 vols. 8vo, 1853-5. His "Manual of Parliamentary Practice " is still in use by legislative bodies. See also his Life, by H. S. Randall, 3 vols. 8vo, 1858; by George Tucker, 8vo, 1836; B. L. Rayner, 1834; Life and Works, by Randall, 12 vols. 1865. Jeffries, JOHN, M.D. (U. of Aberdeen, 1769), b. Boston, Feb. 5, 1745; d. Sept. 16, 1819. H.U. 1763. He studied medicine with Dr. Lloyd, and attended medical lectures in Lond. and at Aberdeen. He returned to Bos ton, where he continued to practise with great success, being from 1771 to 1774 surgeon of a ship of the line there. Upon the evacuation of that town by the British, he accomp. Gen. Howe to Halifax, who made him surgeon. -gen. to the forces in Nova Scotia in May, 1776. In Mar. 1779 he went again to Eng., where he was made surgeon-major to the forces in Amer., and entered upon his duties, Mar. 11, 1780, at Charleston, S.C. In Dec. 1780 he was again in Lond., where he practised successfully, and occupied himself much with scientific re search. He undertook two aerial voyages, the second of which, Jan. 7, 1785, was from Dover, across the British Channel, into the forest of Guienne, in the province of Artois, France. These expeditions brought him into notice ; procured for him access to all the learned and scientific societies of Paris, and to the medical and anatomical schools of that metropolis. A paper which he drew up, giving the result of these experiments, was read before the Royal Society of London. In the summer of 1789 he returned to Boston, where he is said to have delivered the first public lecture on anatomy, a science of which he was very fond. Jenifer, DANIEL, of St. Thomas, d. Md., Nov. 1790, a. 67. Member Old Congress 1778-82, and of the convention which formed the Federal Constitution. Jenifer, DANIEL, minister to Austria (1841-5). Son of Daniel of St. Thomas ; d. Dec. 18, 1855, near Port Tobacco, Md. He was frequently a member of the Md. legisl., and was M.C. in 1831-3, and in 1835-41. Jenison, SILAS H., gov. of Vt. 1835-41 ; b. Shoreham, Vt., 1791 ; d. there Sept. 30, 1849. Jenkins, ALBERT GALLATJN, gen. C. S. A., b. Cabell Co., Va., 10 Nov. 1830; killed in battle at Dublin, Va., May 7, 1864. He was educated at the Va. Military Inst., at Jeff. Coll., Pa. (1848), and at the Camb. Lart School (1850) ; but, devoting himself to agri culture, never practised law. Member of tin Cincin. Nat. Convention in 1856 ; M.C. 1857- 61 ; member of the Confed. Prov. Congress in 1861; resigned to take the post of brig.-gen. com. a brigade in A. P. Hill s division, and afterward in Stuart s cavalry corps ; was dis ting. at Gettysburg ; and served in the Shenan- doah Valley and Western Va. Jenkins, ANNA A., a philanthropic Qua keress of Providence, b. Sept. 1, 1790; d. Nov. 20, 1849, by the conflagration of her residence. She inherited the entire estate of William Almy her father, most of that of Moses Brown her grandfather, and great part of that of Obadiah Brown her uncle. Early in life, she became an acknowledged preacher among the Friends, visiting repeatedly various parts of the U.S. and Europe. Her charities were in numerable ; and she founded a school and an orphan-asylum in Providence for children of color. Jenkins, JOHN STILWELL, editor and author, b. Albany, N.Y., Feb. 15, 1818; d. Sept. 20, 1852. After passing two years at Ham. Coll., he studied law ; commenced prac tice at Weedsport, N.Y., in 1842 ; soon became disting. ; arid in 1843 m. a grand-dau. of Gen. John Fellows of the Revol. army. Editor of the Cayuya Tocsin. Among his pubs, are a Book of Legal Forms ; an Abridgment of Hammond s Political History of N.Y., 1846 ; " Alice Howard," a premium novelette, writ ten for a Phila. periodical ; " Life of Silas Wright," 1847 ; " Hist, of the War with Mexi co," 1848; "Narration of the Exploring Ex- ped.," 1849 ; Lives of Jackson, Polk, and Calhoun ; " A Compilation of the Lives of Disting. Generals of the War of 1812;" " Lives of the Governors of New York," 1851 ; and " Heroines of History," 1853. Jenkins, THORNTON A.,rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Va. Dec. 11, 1811. Midshipm. Nov. 1, 1828; lieut. Dec. 9, 1839; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 25, 1866; chief of bureau of navigation 1865-9; rear-adm. Sept. 1870. Attached to coast survey 1836-41 ; com. store-ship " Relief" 1847; and present at Tuspan and Tabasco; coast survey 1848-52; com. sloop "Preble," and Paraguay exped. 1859-60; steam-sloop "Wachusett" 1862; repulsed the rebels at Coggen s Point, James River, Aug. 1862 ; com. " Oneida," W. Gulf block, squad., 1862 ; Farragut s fleet-capt. at passage of Port Hud son, Mar. 14, 1863 ; and in the attacks of Port H. in May ; its capture in July ; and at the battle of Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864 ; and highly complimented for zeal and efficiency by his flag-officer. Hamersly. Jenks, JOSEPH, a pioneer inventor of America, b. Hammersmith, near Lond. ; came to Lynn, Ms., ab. 1645 ; d. 1683. He was the first founder who worked in brass and iron on the Western continent. May 6, 1646, he re ceived from the legisl. a patent " for the mak ing of engines for mills to go by water," and for the making of scythes and other edged tooli with a new-invented sawmill ; in May, 1655, he received another patent for an improve* 486 JEW ment in the manuf. of scythes; in Oct. 1652 he is said to have made the dies for the silver coinage of the State; in 1654 he contracted \vith the selectmen of Boston "for an engine to carry water in case of fire;" in 1667 he petitioned the General Court " to advance a siime for ye encouragement of wyer drawing/ &e. His works were on the Saugus River, Lvnn. Lewis s Hist, of Lynn. Jenks, JOSEPH, gov. of R.I. 1727-32, pre viously dep.-go*., b. Pawtucket, R.I., 1656; d. June 15, 1740. Grandson of the preceding. Gov. J. was the tallest man in R.I., standing 7 feet 2 inches in his stockings. His bro. Wm., a judge, d. 1765, a. 90. Jenks, SAMUEL HAYNES, journalist, b. Boston 20 Sept. 1789 ; d. So. Boston, 23 Sept. 1863. Founder and first editor of the Nan- tucket Inquirer ; afterward connected with the press of Boston, and ed. the So. Boston Regis ter. Member of both branches of the legisl., and State commiss. of insurance; a man of ster ling character, and of considerable literary merit. See KetteU s Specimens of American Poetry. Jenks, WILLIAM, D. D. (Bowd. 1825), LL.D. (Bowd. 1862), clergyman and author, b. Newton, Ms., Nov. 25, 1778; d. Boston, Nov. 15, 1866. H. U. 1797. He occupied himself in teaching; then as reader at Christ s Church, Cambridge, Ms. ; was ord. at Bath, Me., Dec. 26, 1805; dism. Sept. 10, 1823. From 1815 to 1818 he was prof, of English and Oriental literature in Bowd. Coll., Me. Returning to Boston in 1818, he opened a private school. He there founded the Seamen s Bethel, the first institution for the free reli gious education of seamen, and the parent of many similar institutions. From Oct. 25, 1826, to Oct. 1, 1845, he was pastor of a Cong, church in Green Street, and at that time wrote his " Comprehensive Commentary " on the Bible, of which 120,000 vols. were sold. Author of " Explan. Bible Atlas and Scrip ture Gazetteer," 4to, 1849 ; Anniv. Address bef. Amer. Antiq. Soc. 21 Oct. 1863; and of some occasional sermons and discourses. One of the founders of the Amer. Oriental Society ; and was a valuable member of numerous liter ary, hist., and religious bodies. Jenney, REV. ROBERT, LL.D., b. War- ings town, Ireland, 1687 ; d. Phila. Jan. 5, 1762. Trin. Coll. Dublin. Son of Arch deacon Jenney. Chaplain in the navy 1710- 1 4 ; assist, to Rev. Mr. Evans at Phila. until 1717 ; chaplain to the fort in New York; rec tor at Rye, Westchester Co., N.Y., from June, 1722, to 1725; of the church at Hempstead, L. I., from 1725 to 1742; and of Christ Church, Phila., 1 742-62. Dorr s Hist. Christ Ch., Phila. Jennings, JONATHAN, first gov. of Ind. (1816-22), b. Hunterden Co., N.J.; d. near Charlestown, Clarke Co., Ind., July 26, 1834. M.C. 1809-16 and in 1822-31. In 1818 he was app. by Pres. Monroe Indian commis sioner. Jennison, SAMUEL, antiquary, b. Brook- field, Ms., Feb. 24, 1788; d. Worcester, Mar. 1, 1860. At the age of 12 he went to Wor cester to reside with his uncle, Hon. Oliver Fiske ; became connected with the Worcester Bank, first as accountant, and until 1846 as cashier; was treas. of the Worcester Co. Sav ings Inst. from 1828 to 1853 ; was many years connected with the Amer. Antiq. Society as librarian and corresp. sec. ; and was also town- clerk of Worcester, and treas. of the State Lunatic Hospital from 1847 to 1857. He wrote much, both in prose and verse, and gathered much valuable biographical material, which he passed over to Rev. Dr. Allen just before the publication of the 2d edition of his Biog. Diet, in 1832. Hist. May. iv. 254. Jesse, PHILIP ; d. New Garden, Russell Co., Va., 1 Dec. 1858, a. 120. When in his 100th year, he cut and split 100 rails. Jesup, THOMAS SIDNEY, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Va. 1788; d. Washington, D.C., June 10, 1860. App. lieut. of inf. May 3, 1808 ; brig.- maj. and acting adj. -gen. to Gen. Hull, 1812 ; capt. Jan. 1813; maj. 19th Inf. April 6, 1813; transferred 1814 to 25th Inf.; brev. lieut. -col. " for disting. and meritorious service in the bat tle of Chippewa," July 5, 1814; brev. col. "for the battle of Niagara," July 25, 1814, in which he was severely wounded ; lieut.-col.3d Inf. Apr. 30,1817; adj.-gen. (rank of col.) Mar. 27,1818; quarterm.-gen. (rank brig.-gen.) 8 May, 1818; brev. maj.-gen. 8 May, 1828; took com. of the army in the Creek Nation May 20, 1836 ; and succeeded Gen. Call in com. of army in Fla., Dec. 8, 1836; wounded in action with Semi- noles near Jupiter Inlet, Jan. 24, 1838. Gard ner. Jessup, WILLIAM, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1848), jurist and philanthropist, b. Southamp ton, L.I. , June 21, 1797; d. Montrose, Pa., Sept. 11,1868. Y. C. 1815. He moved to Montrose in 1818 ; was adm. to the bar in 1820, and had a lucrative practice ; was many years a vice- pres. of the A.B.C.F.M. ; a pioneer in the causes of temperance and education ; and chief found er of the Agric. Society. From 1838 to 1851 he was pres. judge of the llth judicial dist. of Pa. Obit. Record of Y. C. 1869. Jeter, JEREMIAH B., D.D., Baptist clergy man, b. Bedford Co., Va., July 18, 1802. He entered the ministry in Bedford Co. in 1822; removed to the " Northern Neck " of Va. in 1827, where he was pastor of the Maratico Church in Lancaster Co., and of the Nicomico Church in Northumberland Co. In 1836 lie became pastor of the First Baptist Church in Richmond, Va. ; in 1849 of the Second Church in St. Louis, Mo. ; and in 1852 of the Grace-st. Baptist Church, Richmond, Va. Besides ser mons, contribs. to periodicals, &c., he has pub. a " Memoir of Rev. A. B. Clapton," " Life of Mrs. Henrietta Shnck," "Memoir of Rev. An drew Broadus," the " Christian Mirror," and a controversial volume entitled " Campbelli.sm Examined," 1 855. Appleton. Jewell, MARSHALL, gov. of Ct. 1868-70, b. Winchester, N.H., 20 Oct. 1825. He was brought up a tanner ; afterward studied telegra phy and electricity in Boston; subsequently engaged in constructing and superintending teleg. lines between Louisville and N. Orleans; and in 1850 commenced in Hartford, Ct., the manuf. of leather-belting. He was prominent in support of the Govt. during the Rebellion. JEW 487 JOH and contrib. largely to the support of the sol diers. Bro. of Harvey Jewell, speaker Ms. H. of reps. 1868-71. Jewett, CHARLES COFFIN, scholar and bibliographer, b. Lebanon, Me., Aug. 12, 1816; d. Brain tree, Ms., Jan. 9, 1868. Brown U. 1835. He studied at the And. Theol. Sera., of which he was for a time librarian ; and in 1843 he ar ranged and catalogued the library of Brown U. He was afterward librarian and prof, of modern languages there until 1848. Assist, sec. and librarian of the Smithsonian Inst., he made a valuable report of the public libraries of the U.S., printed in 1850 as an Appendix to the Annual Report of the Board of Regents. He was supt. of the Boston Public Library from 1858 until his death. Jewett, ISAAC APPLETON, lawyer and au thor, b. Burlington, Vt., Oct. 17, 1808; d. Ket-ne, N.H., Jan. 14, 1853. H.U. 1830. He established himself in the practice of law, first in Cincinnati, and afterwards in New Orleans. Authorof " Passages in Travel," Boston, 1838; and "The Appleton Memorial," Boston, 1850. N. E. II. and Gen. Reg. vii. 197. Jewett, JOHN R., author of " A Narrative of Shipwreck and Suffering in Nootka Sound" in 1812 ; d. Hartford, Ct., Jan. 1821, a 57. Jewett, LUTHER, M.C. 1815-17, b. Canter bury, Ct., Dec. 24, 1772 ; d. St. Johnsbury, Vt., Mar. 8, 1860. Dartm. Coll. 1795. He practised medicine at Putney and at St. Johns- bury, Vt. ; was afterward pastor of Cong. Ch. at Newbury, Vt., from Feb. 28, 1821, to Feb. 19, 1828. Pub. the Farmer s Herald at St. Johnsbury, 1828-32 ; also, 2 years of the time, the Friend, a Freemason paper ; also a Hist. Discourse del. at St. Johnsbury, Dec. 3, 1818. Jewett, MILO PARKER, LL.D., b. St. Johns- bury, Vt., 1808. Dartm. Coll. 1828 ; Andover Theol. Sem. 1 833. Late minister Presb. church, and prof, in Marietta Coll., 0. (1835-8) ; pres. Vassar Female Coll. Author of " Mode and Subjects of Baptism." Jewett, WILLIAM, portrait-painter, b. E. Haddam, Ct., Feb. 14, 1795. He worked on a farm ; then became a coachmaker s apprentice, and went to N.Y. City, where he studied with Samuel Waldo, whose partner he became. Their joint productions were often successful likenesses ; and for many years they were fully occupied in New York. Tuckerman. Jogues (zhog), ISAAC, a French mission ary, b. Orleans, Jan. 10, 1607 ; killed at Caugh- na waga, N.Y., Oct. 18, 1646. He became a Jesuit at Rouen in 1624 ; was ord. in 1636, and at his own request sent immediately to Canada. He visited Miscon and Quebec ; preached to the Hurons ; and early in 1642, with Father Raym- baut, crossed Lake Huron, and founded a mis sion among the Chippewas in Michigan. In the summer he went to Quebec for supplies. On his return through N. Y. he was taken by a party of Mohawks, who cut off one of his thumbs, tore out his finger-nails, and put him to other tortures. He remained with them as a slave and missionary until the summer of 1643, when he escape d to Albany, and was taken to New Amsterdam. He sailed for Eu rope in Nov., but was shipwrecked on the Eng lish coast. Reaching France, he was treated with great consideration, and invited to court He returned to Canada, and in May, 1646, con cluded a treaty between the Mohawks and the French. Visiting Lake George, which he named Lake Saint Sacrament, he descended the Hudson to Fort Orange. He went again among the Mohawks as a missionary, and was seized and put to death as a sorcerer. His Let ters have been pub. in the N.Y. Hist. Soc. Colls., and his description of the New Netherlands in the Doc. Hist, of N.Y., and rep. with Notes and Memoir by J. G. Shea, 1 862. He also left a Memoir of Rene Goupil, one of his companions in the Huron mission, and a Journal, pub. by Alegambe in his "Mortes Illustres," Rome, 1667. Johnes, TIMOTHY, D.D. (Y.C. 1783), min ister of Morristown, N. J., from Feb. 9, 1743, to his d., Sept. 19, 1794 ; b. Southampton, L.I., May 24, 1717. Y. C. 1737. Johns, JOHN, D.D. (N.J.Coll. 1834), LL.D. (Wm. and M. Coll. 1855), .Pr.-Ep. bishop of Va. N.J.Coll. 1815. Pres. Wm. and M. Coll. 1849-54; consec. at Richmond, Oct. 13, 1842. Pub. " Memorial of Bishop Meade," 1868. Johns, KENSEY, jurist ; d. Newcastle, Del., Dec. 21, 1848, a. 90. A Revol. soldier. Last surviving member of the Del. convention which app. delegates to adopt the U.S. Constitution, and also of the conv. that formed the first con stitution of that State ; U.S. senator from Del. in 1794-5; many years chief justice, and after ward chancellor of Del. Johns, KENSEY, LL.D. (Jeff. Coll. 1846), jurist, son of the preceding, b. Del. Dec. 10, 1791; d. Newcastle, Mar. 28, 1857. N.J.Coll. 1810. He studied law, and was adm. to prac tice in 1813; was M. C. 1827-31; and chan cellor of Del. from 1832 till his death. He was a learned, firm, and impartial judge; many years a ruling elder in the Presb. Church. Johnson, ALEXANDER BRYAN, author and banker, b. Gosport, Eng., May 29, 1786 ; d. Utica, N.Y., Sep. 9, 1867. He came to the U.S. in 1801, and established himself in Utica, N.Y. He was adm. to the bar, but never practised. He pub. " Philosophy of Human Knowledge, or a Treatise on Language," 1828 ; " Treatise on Language, or the Relation which Words bear to Things," 1836; " Physiology* of the Senses," 1856; "The Meaning of Words analyzed," &c., 1854; "Nature of Value, Capital," &c., 1813; "Religion in its Relation to the Present Life," 1840; " Ency clopaedia of Instruction, or Apologues and Bre- viates on Men and Manners," 1857 ; " A Guide to the Right Understanding of our American Union," 1857; " Treatise on Banking; " "Lec tures to Young Men ; " addresses, and an ora tion, JulyS, 1824. Johnson, ANDREW, 17th pres. of the U. S., b. Raleigh, N.C., Dec. 29, 1808. He lost his father at the age of 4 ; and from the age of 10, until the autumn of 1824, was the apprentice of a tailor in Raleigh. Without a single day s schooling, he taught himself to read. After completing his apprenticeship, he went to St. Laurens Court House, S.C., and worked as a journeyman until May, 1826 ; in Sept. he went to the "West, taking with him his mother, who was dependent upon him for support ; set tled in Greenville, Tenn., where he worked at 488 JOH his trade, and married; was elected alderman in 1828, 1829, and 1830; mayor 1831, 1832, and 1833; in 1835 member of "the legisl., and again in 1839 ; was a pres. elector in 1840, and canvassed a large part of the State, meeting upon the stump several of the leading Whig orators ; was elected to the State Senate in 1841; was M.C. 1843-53, and was conspicuous in advocating the annexation of Texas, the tariff of 1846, the war-measures of Folk s administration, and a homestead bill ; was gov. of Tenn. from 1853 to 1857; and U.S. senator from 1857 to 1863. The resolute oppo nent of secession, he was unwearied in his ef forts to uphold the national cause during the early stages of the Rebellion ; and, on the re- occupation of Nashville in 1862, he was app. by Pres. Lincoln military-gov. of Tenn.; was nominated vice-pres. by the Baltimore conven tion of 1864 ; and on the assassination of Pres. Lincoln, April 15, 1865, succeeded him in the presidential chair. At first he displayed a spirit of much severity to the rebels, but was afterwards so favorable to them, and so hostile to the reconstruction policy of Congress, that he was impeached by that body ; tried, and ac quitted, 26 May, 1868, 35 voting him guilty, 19 voting not guilty. During his presidency the sub-marine telegraphic cable was success fully laid, and congratulatory messages were exchanged 28 July, 1866. In 1866 he received the degree of LL.D. from the U. of N. C. His speeches, with a Memoir by Frank Moore, were pub. in 1865 ; d. Bristol, Tenn., July 31, 1875. Johnson, ARTEMAS N., b, Middlebury, Vt., 1817. Author of "Instructions in Thor ough Bass/ 1844; "Choir Chorus-Book," 1847; " Bay State Coll.," 1849; " Melodia Sa cra," 1852; " Handel Coll.," 1854; "Instruc tion in Harmony upon the Pestalozzian System," 1S54, &c. Editor Boston Musical Gazette, and. Bost. Mus. Journal. Allibone. Johnson, GEN. BUSHROD R., b. Ohio, Sept. 6, 1817. West Point, 1840. Entering the 3d Inf., he became 1st lieut. Feb. 29, 1844 ; served in the Florida and Mexican wars ; re signed Oct. 22, 1847, to become prof, of math, at the Western Milit. Inst., Georgetown, Ky. ; in 1855 he became prof, in the Nashville Milit. U., and held the office when the civil war be gan in 1861. Joining the Confed. army, he was made brig.-gen. Jan. 24,1862; and was cap tured at Fort Donelson, but soon afterward es caped ; he was severely wounded in the battle of Sliiloh ; made maj.-gen. in 1864; com. di vision in Anderson s 4th corps when Lee s ar my surrendered. Johnson, CAVE, lawyer and statesman, b. Robertson Co., Tenn., Jan. 11, 1793; d. Clarksville, Tenn., Nov. 23, 1866. He studied and practised law ; and for some years was circuit judge; M.C. 1829-37, and in 1839-45, when he entered Mr. Polk s cabinet as post master-gen. ; pres. of the Bank of Tenn. from 1850 to 1859 ; during the secession war he was chosen by the Union party to the State senate ; but feeble health prevented his taking his seat. Johnson, CHAPMAN, lawyer, b. Louisa Co., Va., March, 1779 ; d. Richmond, Va., Ju ly 12, 1849. Wm. and M. Coll. 1802. He studied law under St. George Tucker ; began practice at Staunton in 1802; soon becnm prominent; and in 1824 he moved to Rich mond. During the war of 1812 he was capt. of a vol. comp., and afterwards served as aide to Gen. James Breckenridge ; he was in the State Senate from 1815 to 1831 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1829-30; and was there the champion of the " White Basis party." Johnson, DAVID, gov. S. C. 1846-8, b. Va. 1782; d. Limestone Springs, S.C., Jan. 7, 1855. Son of Christopher, a Baptist preacher. Adm. to the bar in S.C. in 1805; member of the S.C legisl. in 1812; solicitor of the mid dle circuit Union district, 1812-15 ; circuit judge 1815-24 ; judge of the Court of Appeals 1824-35 ; chancellor 1835-46. O Neail s New- bun/. Johnson, EASTMAN, genre painter, b. Lov- ell, Me. His father was long an officer in the U. S. treasury, depart. The son acquired by his crayons the means for European study, and has produced many excellent pictures ; among them are " The Drummer-Boy," " The Pen sion Claim - Agent," " Sunday Morning," " The Old Kentucky Home," " Savoyard- Boy, " " Mount Vernon Kitchen," " Chim ney-Sweep," &c. Tucker man. Johnson, EDWARD, historian, b. Herne Hill, Kent, Eng., 1599; d. Woburn, 23 Apr. 1672. He is supposed to have come to New Eng. with Gov. Winthrop, 1630; was promi nent in the organization of the town and church of Woburn in 1642; was captain of its military company ; was chosen its represen tative in 1643, and annually re-elected, with the exception of 1648, until 1671 ; speaker of the house in 1655; in 1665 he was on the com., with Bradstreet, Danforth, and others, to meet the commissioners Nicolls, Carr, &c., who had been sent from England ; he was recorder of the town from its incorporation till his death. His " Wonder-working Providence of Sion s Saviour in New England," a history of the country from the English planting in 1628 to 1652, was pub. in Lond. in 1654, and reprint ed in " The Ms. Hist. Colls.;" and again, with notes, by W. F. Poole, in 1867. Johnson, EDWARD, maj.-gen. C.S.A., b. Ky. ab. 1817. West Point, 1838. Entering the 6th Inf., he became 1st lieut. Oct. 9, 1839; was brev. capt. for gallantry at Molino del Rey, Sept. 8; and maj. for Chapultepec, Sept. 13, 1847; disting. in the capture of the city; became capt. 15 April, 1851 ; and resigned June 10, 1861; became a brig.-gen. in the Con- fed, army ; maj.-gen. May 20, 1863 ; and com. a div. in Swell s corps at Gettysburg ; captured with his division at Spottsylvania, 12 May, 1864 ; again captured while commanding di vision in Gen. S. D. Lee s corps at the battle of Dec. 16, 1864, near Nashville. After the war, he had the effrontery to call on the U. S. treas. for arrears of pay due him at the time of his desertion to the rebels; d. Mar. 2, 1873. Johnson, COL. GUY, loyalist, b. Ireland ab. 1740; d. Lond. Mar. 5, 1788. He m. a dau. of Sir Wm. Johnson, and at his death, in 1774, succeeded him as supt. of the Indian dept., having long been his deputy. He served against the French in 1757 ; com. a companj JOH 489 JOU of Rangers under Amherst in 1759 ; and was some time Indian agent at Montreal. His in temperate zeal for the king caused the first af fray in Tryon Co. ; and Guy fled to Montreal. After a visit to Eng., he landed at Staten Is land in Aug. 1776, and was a manager of the old theatre in John St., N. Y. Afterward join ing Brant and the Mohawks, he participated in their bloody exploits, and was in the battles of Chemung and Newtown in Western N.Y., between them and Gen. Sullivan, in 1779. His estates were confiscated; and he d. in Eng., a petitioner for relief. Johnson, SIR HENRY, a British gen., b. Dublin, 1748; d. Mar. 18, 1835. Bart. Oct. 3, 1818. He entered the army in 1761 ; capt. 28th Foot, Dec. 1763; lieut.-col. 17th, Oct. 1778; col. Dec. 1782; maj.-gen. Dec. 1793; gen. Apr. 1808. While stationed in Phila. he m. Rebecca Franks, celebrated for her wit. He com. a batt. of light inf. early in the Revol. war, and was severely wounded ; and, while in com. at Stony Point, was surprised by Gen. Wayne in the night of July 15, 1779, and made prisoner with his whole force. He re turned to Eng. after the capture of York town, and disting. himself during the Irish rebellion at Vinegar Hill, and at New Ross in 1798. Johnson, HENRY, statesman, b. Tenn. Sept. 14, 1783 ; d. Point Coupee, La., Sept. 4, 1864. He adopted the profession of law ; app. clerk of the second Superior Court, La., 1809 ; judge Parish Court of St. Mary, 1811 ; mem ber of the La. Const. Conv. 1812; U.S. sena tor from La. 1818-24; gov. 1824-8; M. C. 1835-9, and again U.S. senator in 1844-9. His wife was dau. of Francis Key, author of the " The Star-spangled Banner." Johnson, HERMAN M., S.T.D. (Wesl. U. 1 852), LL.D., Methodist clergyman and author. Pres. of Dick. Coll., Pa. (1860-8), b. Otsego Co., N.Y., Nov. 25, 1815 ; d. Carlisle, Apr. 5, 1868. Wesl. U. 1839. Prof, of ancient lan guages in St. Charles Coll., Mo., 1839-42, and in Aug. Coll., Ky., 1842-4; prof, of ancient languages and literature in the O. Wesl. U. at Delaware, 0., 1844-50 ; prof, of philos. and English lit. in Dick. Coll. 1850-60. He pub. the "Clio "of Herodotus in 1850. Edited" Ori- entalia Antiguaria Herodoti," and at his death had nearly ready a German work on " Syno- nymes." He was a frequent and able contrib. to the Methodist Quarterly Review and other magazines, and was very popular and interesting as a preacher. Johnson, HERSCHEL V., Democ. politi cian, b. Burke Co., Ga., Sept. 18, 1812. U. of Ga. 1834. He studied law ; practised in Augusta; removed to Jeff. Co. in 1839, and acquired extensive business, but in 1844 locat ed himself near Milledgeville. U.S. senator in Feb. 1848, to fill a vacancy; judge of the Sup. Court, Nov. 1849-Aug. 1853; gov. Nov. 1853 to 1857; candidate for vice-pres. on the Douglas ticket in 1860. Subsequently a mem ber of the Confed. senate. Johnson, ISAAC, one of the founders of Ms., b. Clipsham, Rutlandshire, Eng. ; d. Bos ton, Sept. 30, 1630. He came over with Win- throp, arriving at Salem, June 12, 1630; was one of the 4 who founded the first church at Charlestown on July 30 ; and Sept. 7 he con ducted the first settlement of Boston. He wai a good and wise man, and was the wealthiest of the Colonists. ARBELLA, or ARABELLA his wife, dau. of Thomas, 14th Earl of Lincoln, accomp. her husband to N. E., and d. in Salem ab. Aug. 30, 1630. In honor of her, the name of " The Eagle/ Winthrop s ship, was changed to " The Arbella." See N. E. H. and Gen. Reg. viii. 359. Johnson, ISAAC, gov. of La. 1845-50 ; d. New Orleans, Mar. 15, 1853. Johnson, SIR JOHN, son of Sir William, b. 1742; d. Montreal, Jan. 4, 1830. He suc ceeded to the title and estates of his father, as well as to the post of maj.-gen. in the N.Y. militia, to which he was app. in Nov. 1774. Early in 1776 the Whigs attempted to secure his person ; and Sir John, with ab. 700 fol lowers, fled to Canada. He was soon com missioned a col. ; raised two battalions, called the Royal Greens ; and became one of the most active and one of the bitterest foes that the Whigs encountered during the contest. He invested Fort Stanwix in Aug. 1777, and defeated Gen. Herkimer; and in Oct. 1780 was himself defeated by Gen. Van Rensse- laer at Fox s Mills. In predatory enterprises the Royal Greens earned an infamous celebri ty. Soon after the close of the contest, Sir John went to Eng., but returned in 1785, and resided in Canada. He was supt. of Indi an affairs until his decease; and for several years he was also a member of the legisl. coun cil of Canada. The British Govt., to compen sate him for his losses, made him several grants of lands. His son, Sir Adam Gordon Johnson (b. 1781), succeeded to his title. Sabine. Johnston, MAJ. JOHN, Revol. officer, and port.-painter ; d. Boston, 27 June, 1818, a. 66. After the war he settled in Boston, and left many strong likenesses of men of his time. He was deficient in drawing. Knapp. Johnson, JOHN, chancellor of Md., b. An napolis ; d. Baltimore, Oct. 4, 1856. Johnson, JOSEPH, bro. of Win., physician, politician, and author, b. Charleston, S.C., June 15, 1776. U. of Pa. 1797. His father was one of the prisoners of war on parole, who, in violation of the terms of capitulation, were consigned to a prison-ship, and finally trans ferred to St. Augustine. He studied med. and began practice in Charleston with Dr. Poinsett. He was pres. of the U.S. branch Bank in 1818-35 ; was long mayor of Charles ton. Was an active leader of the Union party in the nullification controversy. Many years comrniss. of the public schools ; pres. of the Apprentices Library Assoc. since its establishment in 1836, and for more than 60 years a member of the S. C. society, and 20 years its presiding officer. He became a mem ber of the S.C. Med. Soc. in 1797, and its pres. in 1807 ; and was an efficient worker in the Literary and Philos. Soc. He has pub. many treatises, essays, and orations, and " Traditions and Reminiscences of the Revol.," 1851. Johnson, JOSHUA, merchant, b. Calvert Co., Md. ; d. Frederickton, Md., Apr. 21, 1802. One of 1 1 bros., 5 of whom, including Thomas (gov. of Md.), were in the public service during JOH 490 JOH the Revol. A merchant in Lond., when the war broke out he moved to Paris, where he was in 1778 app. by Congress commercial agent. From May, 1783, until his return to the U.S. in Oct. 1797, he was consul-gen, at Lond. ; af terward supt. of stamps. John Quincy Adams m. his. dau. Louisa. Johnson, SIR NATHANIEL, gov. of South Carolina (1703-9); d. 1713. He was a mili tary man ; had been some time an M.P. ; and from 1686 to 1689 gov. of Nevis, St. Christo pher s, Moutserrat, and Antigua. When So. Carolina was invaded in 1706, he defeated the enemy with the loss of their com. and 300 men. To him is ascribed the merit of first introducing the cultivation of silk in the province in 1703. Johnson, PETER, judge, b. Pr. Edw. Co., Va. ; d. Abingdon, Va., May, 1848. Lieut, in Lee s Legion ; and disting. at the siege of Au gusta, and led the forlorn hope at the storming of Ft. Watson. After the war, acquired distinc tion at the bar ; and was speaker of the Va. legisl., and a judge. Johnson, REVERDY, jurist, b. Annapolis, Md., May 21, 1796. St. John s Coll. He studied law with his father, who was chief jus tice of that dist. Adm. to the bar in 1815 ; and in 1817 he removed to Baltimore, where he practised many years. In 18201 was chief commiss. of insolvent debtors, and then served two terms in the State senate; U.S. senator from 1845 to 1849, when he became U.S. atty.- gen. under Pres. Taylor. On the accession of Pres. Fillmore he turned his whole attention to his profession, practising chiefly in the U.S. Supreme Court. Delegate to the Peace Con vention Feb. 1861 ; U.S. senator 1 863-8 ; min ister to Great Britain 1868-9; and negotiated a treaty, which was rejected by the U.S. sen ate. Mr. Johnson took an active part in the preparation of 7 vols. of Reports of Decisions in the Court of Appeals, Md., known as " Harris and Johnson s Reports." d. Annap.Feb. 10, 76. Johnson, RICHARD MENTOR, soldier and politician, b. Bryant s Station, Ky., Oct. 17, 1781 ; d. Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 19, 1850. Tran- sylv. U. He studied law, and practised with success. Member of the Ky. legisl. in 1805; and raised a regt. of cav. in 1812. He served with gallantry under Harrison ; com. in a skir mish at Chatham, U.C., Oct. 4, 1813 ; and at the battle of the Thames (Oct. 5, 1813) disting. himself, and was dangerously wounded. M.C. 1807-19 and 1829-37; U.S. senator 1819-29 ; vice-pres. of the U.S. 1837-41 ; subsequently a member of the State legisl. In 1814 he was app. by Pres. Madison Indian commiss. He was the author of the law abolishing imprison ment for debt in Ky. When chairman of the committee on post-offices in the senate, he made a report against the suspension of the Sunday mails ; and also exerted himself in be half of soldiers of the Revol., and of the war of 1812, who applied for pensions. His father, Col. ROBERT, an early settler of Ky., d. Galla- tin Co., Oct. 181 5. His bro. JAMES (M.C. 1825- 6, lieut.-col. under him in the battle of the Thames) d. Dec. 1826. See Biog. of Col. R. M., by Ashel Langworthy, 12mo, 1834, Boston. Johnson, RICHARD W., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Livingston Co., Ky., Feb. 7, 1827. West Point, 1849. Entering the 6th, he after ward joined the 1st Inf.; Mar. 1855 he became 1st lieut. 2d Cav., in which he was also quar- term. until Dec. 1, 1856, when hewasmadecapt., and served against the Indians on the Texan frontier. He served as capt. of cav. under Gens. Patterson and Banks until 28 Aug. 1861, and was then made lieut.-col. 3d Ky. Cav. ; made brig.-gen.vols. Oct. 11, 1861, he was assigned a brigade in Gen. Buell s army ; was present at the advance on Corinth, and, May 28, routed a rebel force in his front; in July, 18G2, he com. a division of that army in Ala. He was taken prisoner at Gallatin, Tenn. r Aug. 21, by a great ly superior force under Morgan, and exchanged ab. Dec. 1, and placed in com. 12th division of the right wing of the Army of the Cumberland, 20th army corps. He displayed great gallantry at the battles of Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, and the Atlanta campaign ; and was severely wounded at New Hope Ch. 28 May, 1864. Com. division of cavalry at the battle of Nashville, for which brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 16 Dec. 1864 ; and 13 Mar. 1865 brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant services during the Rebellion; and retired with full rank 12 Oct. 1867. Outturn. Johnson, ROBERT, gov. of S.C. 1719, and from 1730 to his d. at Charleston, May 3, 1735. In 1731 he made a treaty with the Cnerokees. He aided Oglethorpe and the first settlers of Ga. with food and escort. The settlement of Purrysbury by 600 Swiss under Col. Peter Purry was made during his term. Johnson, ROSA VERTNER, poet, b. Natchez, Mpi. Mr. Griffith, her father, author of many popular Indian stories, d. 1853. Her early days were passed at Burlington, near Fort Gi"b- son, Mpi. Her parents went to Ky. when she was 10, and she was educated at Bishop Smith s sem., Lexington, Ky. At 17 she m. Claude M. Johnson, a Louisiana planter. In 1850 she be came a contrib. to the Louisville Journal, and subsequently to the Home Journal. Her poems were pub. in Boston, 1857. She is a resident of Lexington, Ky. Johnson, SAMUEL, D.D. (Oxf. 1743), first pres. of King s (now Columbia) Coll.,N.Y. (1754-63), b. Guilford, Ct., Oct. 14, 1696; d. Stratford, Ct., Jan. 6, 1772. Y.C. 1714. In 1716 Y.Coll. was estab. at New Haven, and Mr. Johnson was app. tutor. In 1720 he be came a preacher at West Haven, and, embracing soon after the Episcopalian faith, he in 1722 went to Eng. to obtain ordination. After re ceiving the degree of M.A. at Oxford and Cambridge, he returned in 1723, and settled at Stratford. By the people at large he was treated as a schismatic and apostate, and con tinually thwarted ; the object being to drive him from the country. Returning to Stratford in 1763, he resumed his pastoral functions, which he continued till his death. He was a man of great learning, judgment, and benevo lence. Dr. Johnson s publications were chiefly controversial. In 1746 he pub. a work on ethics, entitled " A System of Morality; " and in 1752 a compend of logic and metaphysics, and another of ethics, originally prepared for the use of his sons : the two latter were print ed in Phila. by Dr. Franklin as text-books for JOH 491 JOH the U of Pa. Also author of an English and a Hebrew Grammar, 8vo, 1767. His Me moirs, by his friend Dr. Chandler, appeared in 1805. Johnson, SAMUEL, clergyman, b. Salem, Ms., Oct. 10,1822. H.U.1842; Div. Sch. 1843. Pastor of a " Free Church " in Lynn, Ms., since 1853. He has never connected himself with any religious denomination, though near er the Unitarian than any other. Ab. 1846, in conjunction with Rev. S. Longfellow, he pub. a vol. of sacred poetry, "Hymns of the Spirit." Johnson, THOMAS, statesman, b. Calvert Co., Md., 1732; d. Rose Hill, near Frederick- town, Oct. 26, 1819. Having previously to the Revol. attained great distinction at the bar, he was in 1774 a member of the Md. com. of corresp. ; was a delegate to Congress in 1775-7, and gov. of the State in 1777-9. He was assoc. justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1791 to 1793, when he resigned. In 1801 he declined the app. of chief justice of the Dist. of Columbia. Johnson, WALTER ROGERS, physicist, b. Leominster, Ms., June 21, 1794; d. Washing ton, D.C., Apr. 26, 1852. H. U. 1819. He engaged in teaching at Framingham, at Salem, and at Germantown, Pa., from 1821 to 1826; and from 1826 to 1837 held the chair of me chanics and nat. philos. in the high school at Phila. He delivered a course of lectures on mechanics and philosophy; and was also en gaged in scientific researches on the strength of materials, and the best construction of steam-boilers, on steam, heat, electricity, mag netism, &c. From 1839 to 1843 he was prof, of chemistry and physics in the U. of Pa. He then began, under the authority of Congress, investigations into the character of the different varieties of coal. His report on this subject was pub. in 1844. In 1845, by app. of the city authorities of Boston, he examined the sources from which a supply of pure water might be brought to that city. For the next 3 years he was engaged in preparing and adapt ing several of the works of the German physi cists, Knapp, Miiller, and Wiesbach. He was first sec. of the Assoc. for the Advancement of Science. In 1848 he removed to Washington, where he was connected with the Smithsonian Institution; and in 1851 visited Europe, where he was connected with the Lond. World s Fair. He pub. " Coal-Trade of Brit. Amer.," &c., 1850; "Use of Anthracite in the Manuf. of Iron," 12mo, Bost. 1841; and "Memoir of L. D. Von Schweinitz," 1835. Johnson, SIR WILLI AM, gen., b. Warren- ton, Co. Down, Ireland, 1 715 ; d. near Johns town, Fulton Co., N.Y., July 11, 1774. Young er son of Christopher, an Irish gentleman of good family. Educated for mercantile life, an unsuccessful love-affair entirely changed his career. In 1738 he came to Amer. to manage the property of his uncle, Adm. Sir Peter War ren ; established himself upon a tract of land on the south side of the Mohawk Valley, ab. 24 miles from Schenectady, N.Y. ; and embarked in trade with the Indians, whom he always treated with perfect honesty and justice. By acquainting himself with their language, and accommodating himself to their manners and dress, by his easy, dignified, and affable manner, he won their confidence ; acquired over them an influence greater than was ever possessed by any other white man ; and was adopted by the Mohawks as one of their tribe, and chosen sachem. At the outbreak of the French war in 1743, Johnson was made sole supt. of the Indians, and preserved the frontier from injury until the peace of Aix la Chapelle in 1748 In 1750 he was app. a member of the Prov. Council. He was instrumental in settling the quarrel which in 1753 arose between the Alba ny board of commiss. and the Indians, but de clined having any thing further to do with In dian affairs. In 1754 he was a delegate to the congress at Albany, and also attended a grand council held with the Indians. Apr. 14, 1755, he was at the council of Alexandria ; commiss. by Braddock "sole supt. of the Six Nations ; " and created a maj.-gen. and com. -in-chief of the exped. against Crown Point. Sept. 8, 1 755, he defeated Baron Dieskau at Lake George. Johnson, who was wounded in the hip, received the thanks of parliament, 5,000, and a baron etcy (Nov. 27, 1755), for his victory. In Mar. 1756, George II. commiss. him "col. agent, and sole supt. of the affairs of the Six Nations and other northern Indians," with a salary of 600. He held this office for the rest of his life. He was engaged with his Indians in the abortive attempts to relieve Oswego and Fort William Henry, and at the repulse of Abercrombie at Ticonderoga in 1758; second in com. of Prideaux s exped. against Fort Niagara in 1 759, upon whose death he took the com.-in- chief. He continued the siege with vigor ; cut to pieces the French army sent to its relief (July 24) : and the garrison surrendered at dis cretion. With his Indian allies, he partook in 1760 in the exped. of Amherst, which was ended by the capture of Montreal and the sur render of Canada to the British. For his ser vices he received from the king a tract of 100,- 000 acres of land, north of the Mohawk, long known as " Kingsland," or the " Royal Grant." He gave great attention to agriculture, and first introduced sheep and blood-horses into the Mohawk Valley. He lived in baronial style, and exercised the most unbounded hospital ity. By his wife, Catharine Wisenburgh, who d. young, he had John, knighted in 1765, and two daughters, who m. respectively Col. Glaus and Col. Guy Johnson. By " Mol ly," the sister of the great Mohawk sachem Brant, with whom he lived happily till his death, he had 8 children. Sir William was the author of a paper on the " Customs, Manners, and Languages of the Indians," in the Philos. Trans, for Nov. 1772. Life by W. L. Stone, 1865. Johnson, WILLIAM, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1819), lawyer, b. Middletown, Ct., 1768; d. N.Y., July, 1848. Y.C. 1788. He settled in N.Y. ; soon became eminent at the bar ; was reporter of the N.Y. Sup. Court in 1806-23, and of the Court of Chancery in 1814-23. In 1838 he pub. a Digest of Cases in these courts from 1799 to 1836, in 2 vols. 8vo ; N.Y. Sup. Ct. Reps. 1799-1803, 1808-12, 3 vols. 8vo ; do. 1806-23, Phila. 1839, 20 vols. 8vo ; N.Y. Chancery Reps., &c., 1814-23, 7 vols. 8vo, 1836. Translator of Azuni s " Princi^pii dd JOH 492 JOH deritto Maritime ddl* Europa," 2 vols. 8vo, 1806. Johnson, WILLIAM, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1818), jurist and author (bro. of Joseph, noticed above), b. Charleston, S.C., Dec. 27, 1771 ; d. Brooklyn, L.I., Aug. 4, 1834. N. J. Coll. 1790. His father was a merchant. He stud ied law under C. C. Pinckney ; was adtn. to the bar in 1792, and soon became disting. in his profession. Elected to the State legisl. in 1794, and twice re-elected, being speaker dur ing his last term. It was principally through his efforts that the office of comptroller-gen. was instituted. He investigated "the irregular and arbitrary proceedings of the county courts ; and, when they were superseded by the circuit courts, he was elected to the bench. In 1804 he was made a judge of the U.S. Sup. Court, with the local jurisdiction of S.C. and Ga. Coming into possession of the papers of Gen. Nathaniel Greene, he prepared, at the request of the family, Sketches of his Life and Cor- resp., 2 vols. 4to, 1822. He was m. early in life to Sarah, dau. of Gov. Thomas Bennett. Johnson, WILLIAM F., comedian, b. Bos ton ; d. Milwaukee, Wis., July 18, 1858, a. ab. 60. As a delineator of comic and testy old men he had few equals, and was particularly good in certain ranges of eccentric comedy, and was an admirable buffo-singer. Since 1855 he had been at the West, and was mana ger of the Milwaukee Theatre. He was at one time manager of the Howard Athenasum, Bos ton, and was long a favorite at the Tremont and National Theatres in that city. Johnson, WILLIAM SAMUEL, LL.D. (Y.C. 1788), D.C.L. (Oxf. 1766), F.R.S., scholar and jurist, b. Stratford, Ct., Oct. 7, 1727 ; d. there Nov. 14, 1819. Yale, 1744. Eldest son of Rev. Samuel. He early became disting. at the bar by his eloquence and ability. A dele gate to the Congress at New York in 1765; member of the Council; and from Oct. 1766 to his return in 1771 agent of Ct. in Eng. He for many years corresponded with Dr. Samuel Johnson. He was from 1772 to 1774 a judge of the Sup. Court of Ct., and a commiss. for adjusting the controversy between the pro prietors of Pa. and the Susquehanna Co. A delegate to Congress in 1784-7, in 1787 he was one of the framers of the Federal Constitution, and was the first to propose the organization of the senate as a distinct branch of the national legisl. U. S. senator 1789-91, he drew up, with his colleague Ellsworth, the bill for estab lishing the judiciary system of the U.S. Pres. of Col. Coll. from 1787 to 1800. See Sketch of, by John T. Irving, 8vo, 1830. Johnston, ALBERT SIDNEY, gen. C.S.A. (bro. of Josiah Stoddard), b. Mason Co., Ky., 1803; killed at the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862. West Point, 1826. Lieut. 6th Inf., July 1, 1826; aide to Gen. Atkinson 1832-3; acting assist, adj.-gen. of 111. Vols. in Black Hawk s war, 1832; resigned May 31 , 1834. Entering the Texan army as a private in 1836, he was soon made a brig.-gen.; and in 1838 succeeded Gen. Felix Houston in the chief com., and was involved in a duel with him in con sequence. App. sec. of war in 1838, in 1839 he organized a successful exped. against the Cherokees. In 1840 he retired from public life, and settled on a plantation in Brazoria County, Texas. An ardent advocate of the annexation of Texas; col. 1st Texas rifles in June, 1846 ; and acting insp.-gen. to Gen. Butler at the siege of Monterey, Sept. 1846. Made paym. U.S.A. (rank of major) Oct. 31, 1849, he became col. 2d Cav. Mar. 3, 1 855 ; brev, brig.-gen. "for meritorious conduct" in com. of the army in Utah, Nov. 18, 1857. In 1860 he com. the Pacific dept. Sympathizing with the South, he was making arrangements to deliver the State of Cal. to the Confederacy, when he was superseded by Gen. E. V. Sumner before his plans were completed. Made a general in the army of the Confederacy May 28, 1861, and placed in com. of the Army of the West. Collecting a force of ab. 50,000 men at Corinth, he attacked the army of Gen Grant at Shiloh, 6 Apr. 1862. On the first day of this battle, while encouraging and urging forward his troops, he was mortally wounded. He was considered by military men the ablest gen. in the Confed. service. Johnston, DAVID CLAYPOLE, artist and caricaturist, b. Phila. Mar. 1797 ; d. Dorches ter, Ms., Nov. 8, 1865. His son, THOMAS MURPHY, inherits his father s ability. His mother, Charlotte, was sister of William Rowson, and, with him and his wife Susannah (author of "Charlotte Temple," &c.), was a member of Wignell s Company in Phila. in 1793. She was a good singer. D. C. pub. " Outlines Illustrative of the Journal of Frances Anne Kemble," 1835 (8 plates) ; "Phrenology Exemplified and Illustrated/ with upwards of 40 etchings, &c., 1837 ; and many Nos. of comic "Scraps." N.E. G.and H. Reg. 1866. Johnston, COL. FRANCIS, a Eevol. officer, b. Pa. 1749; d. Phila. Feb. 22, 1815. Aban doning the practice of the law, he joined Wayne s regt. as lieut.-col. On the promotion of Wayne, he succeeded to the com. of the 5th Pa. regt., with which he was at Ticonderoga, Stony Point, Monmouth, Brandywine, and other battles. After the war, he held several posts of honor and profit in his native State, and was high sheriff of the city and county of Phila. Rogers. Johnston, GABRIEL, gov. of N.C. from Nov. 2, 1734, to his d., in Aug. 1752, b. Scot land. A man of letters and of liberal views ; a physician, and prof, of Oriental languages in the U. of St. Andrew s, where he was educated. Some of his poetical effusions are found in the Craftsman, for which he wrote after his removal to London. Under his administration the Province increased in population, wealth, and happiness. He was the ablest and most suc cessful of all the Colonial governors of N.C. He was app. gov. of N.C. by the influence of the Earl of Wilmington. See Life oflredeU, i. 36. Johnstone, GEORGE, an English politician and admiral ; d. Jan. 8. 1787. Son of a Scot tish baronet. He entered the navy ; was app. post-capt. in 1762 ; and in Oct., 1763, gov. of West Florida. M.P. 1764-7. In 1778 he was, with Wm. Eden and the Earl of Carlisle, a com missioner to treat with the American States ; but Congress, in consequence of his having nm JOH 493 JOK peretl with some of its members, refused to hold intercourse with him, and he returned home. In 1779 he made in parliament a violent attack on Lord Howe for his conduct of the Amer. war. Apr. 16, 1782, he was attacked at Fort Praya by Adm. SufTren ; and, notwithstand ing his superiority of force, gained no advan tage over the brave Frenchman. He fought a duel with Lord George Germainein 1770, and was constantly involved in quarrels and litiga tion. Johnston, COL. JOHN, b. near Bally- shannon, Ireland, Mar. 25, 1775 ; d. Washing ton, D.C., Apr. 19, 1861. He came with his parents to the U.S. in 1786 ; settled in Cum berland Co., Pa. ; was with Wayne s army on the Ohio in 1792-3 ; a clerk in the war dept. ; agent for Indian affairs in the North-west for 31 years; 11 years a canal commiss. for Ohio ; pay in. and quartern!, in the war of 1812; and commiss. for treating with the Indians for their removal in 1841-2. He was an active member of the Masonic fraternity, and was pres. of the Hist, and Philos. Soc. of Ohio. His " Ac count of the Indian Tribes of Ohio " is in "Amer. Antiq. Soc. Colls./ v. Johnston, JOHN, D.D., b. Montgomery, Ulster Co., N.T., 28 Jan. 1778 ; d. Princeton, N.J., 23 Aug. 1855. N. J. Coll. 1801. D.D. of Laf. Coll. 1848. Ord. at New Windsor and Newburg in Apr. 1807, and pastor at Newburg from Apr. 1 81 to his d. A director of Prince ton Theol. Sem. from 1817, and from 1840 a trustee of N. J. Coll. His " Autobiog. and Ministerial Life" was edited by J. Carnahan, D.D., N.Y. 1856. Sprague. Johnston, JOHN, LL.D. (McK. Coll. 1850), b. Bristol, Me., Aug. 23, 1806. Bowd. Coll. 1822. Prof. nat. science in Wesleyan U. since 1839. Author of " Elements of Chemis- 2-;" "Manual of Natural Philosophy," 6th , 1857. Ed. of " Dr. Turner s Chemistry." Johnston, JOSEPH ECCLESTON, gen. C.S.A., b. Prince Edward Co., Va., Feb. 1807. West Point, 1829. His mother, a Miss Wood, was a niece of Patrick Henry. Entering the 4th Art., he became 1st. lieut. July 31, 1836 ; 1st lieut. topog. engineers, July 7, 1838 ; was brev. capt. for gallantry in the war with the Fla. Indians, Aug. 1842; capt. Sept. 21, 1846; be came lieut.-col. Voltigeurs, Feb. 16, 1847; was severely wounded while reconnoitring at Cerro Gordo, Apr. 12, 1847; and brev. lieut.- col. and col. for gallantry there and at Chapul- tepec, where he was again wounded ; was disting. at the battle of El Molino del Key and in the attack on the city of Mexico, Sept. 13, 1847 ; re-instated as capt. topog. engineers, and again brev. lieut.-col. ; became lieut.-col. 1st Cav. Mar. 3, 1855, and quarterm.-gen. (rank of brig.-gen.) June 28, 1860. He resigned Apr. 22, 1861, and was immediately app. a gen. in the Confed. army, being second on its list. He com. the force which occupied Harper s Ferry in May, 1861, and evaded Gen. Patterson in time to appear on the field of Bull Run just before the battle, and, outranking Beauregard, took com. during the conflict, but without changing that general s plan of battle. Re pulsed at Williamsburg, May 5, he retreated towards Richmond. At the battle of Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862, he was desperately wounded, and was for several months unable to take the field. Nov. 24,1862, he was as signed to the com. of the country west of the Mpi. In the following campaigns he ably op posed Grant and Sherman, but was steadily pressed back, and defeated in various battles ; and 17 July, 1864, he turned over the com. of the Army of Tenn. to Gen. Hood. Early in Jan. he was ordered to the com. in S.C. ; 15 Mar. 1865 was defeated by Sherman at Benton- ville ; and Apr. 26, 1865, he surrendered his entire army to Sherman at Durham Station, N.C. Johnston, JOSIAH STODDARD, lawyer and senator (bro. of Albert Sidney), b. Salis bury, Ct., Nov. 2S, 1784; d. May 19, 1833, by a steamboat explosion on the Red River. Trans. U. 1805. At the age of six he removed with his father, Dr. John Johnston, to the neighborhood of Maysville, Ivy. He established himself in practice at Alexandria, in the Red- river country, and was in a very short period advanced to the bench. He was in 1 81 2 a lead ing member of the II. of Assembly in the new State of La., and com. a regt. raised for the defence of N. Orleans, in which, however, he was not in season to participate. Resuming his judgeship, he became M.C. in 1821, and in 1824 a senator, and was twice re-elected.. As chairman of the com. on commerce, he made a very able report on the British colonial-trade question, which he also supported in a speech. He wrote one or two very able pamphlets, one of which was pub., with his name, on the effect of the repeal of the duty on sugar. Johnston, SAMUEL, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1815), lawyer and statesman (nephew of Gov. Gabriel), b. Dundee, Scotland, Dec. 15, 1733 ; d. near Edenton, N.C., Aug. 18, 1816. His father John came over in 1736 ; became surv.- gen., and acquired large landed estates. Samuel was clerk of the Superior Court in Chowan Co. in 1 767-72, and was also naval officer under the crown. He soon became noted as a lawyer and politician ; was elected to the Assembly in 1769, and espoused the popular side. In 1773 he became one of the standing com. of inquiry and corresp ; was an active member of the first two Prov. Congresses, and presided over the 3d and 4th. Aug. 3, 1775, he was made chair man of the prov. council, and virtually gov. of the Province; Sept. 1775 he was chosen treas. for the N. Dist. of N.C; in 1781-2 he was a member of theCont. Congress ; in 1788- 9 gov. of the State, presiding over the conven tion which rejected the Federal Constitution, which, however, he supported with all his in fluence. In 1789 he pres. over the convention which adopted the Federal Constitution, lie was U.S. senator from 1789 to 1793, and judge of the Sup. Court from Feb. 1800 to Nov. 1803. Johnstone, WILLIAM SOUTER, a British gen.; d. Quebec, Jan. 2, 1818. App. lieut. of marines 1755; capt. 1758; major, July 27, 1775; lieut.-col. Aug. 1779; col. 1790; lieut.- gen. 1801. He fought at Quebec and at Bun ker s Hill, where he was severely wounded in the leg. Originally named Souter, but comrnis sioned Johnstoue. JOH 494 Johnston, ZACHARIAH F., capt. U.S.N. ; d. Baltimore, Mar. 17, 1859. Midshipra. Jan. 1, 1818; lieut. March 3, 1827 ; com. Feb. 27, 1847. Joliet (zho -le-a), Louis, one of the dis coverers of the Mpi. River, b. Quebec, 1645 ; d. ab. 1700. He was educated at the Jesuit Coll. of Quebec, but engaged in the fur-trade on the Western frontier. Selected by Gov. Frontenac and Intendant Talon to ascertain the direction and mouth of the Mpi., he started with Mar- quette and 5 others from Green Bay in June, 1673 ; ascended the Fox River ; and descended the Wisconsin to the Mpi., down which they sailed as far as the Chickasaw country, below the entrance of the Ark. They returned to Green Bay by way of the Illinois River and Lake Michigan, whence Joliet started alone for Quebec, having journeyed 2,500 miles. He lost his journal and other papers in the rapids above Montreal, but wrote out from recollec tion a narrative which agrees with that of Mar- quette, and also prepared a map of the region. The French Govt. rewarded his services with the app. of hydrographer to the king and the Island of Anticosti, at the mouth of the St. Law rence, where he built a house and fort for his family, intending to embark in trade. In 1691 his island was captured by a British fleet, and his property destroyed. The capital of Will Co., 111., is named after him. Apr. 30, 1697, he obtained a grant of the seigniory of Joliet, south of Quebec, still in the possession of some of his descendants. Jones, GEN. ALLEN, Revol patriot of Hal ifax Co., N.C. Chosen brig.-geu. of Halifax dist. in Apr. 1776; delegate to the State Const. Conv. in that year ; member Old Congress 1779-80; State senator 1784-7; and member of the convention to adopt the U.S. Constitu tion, which he advocated, while his bro. Wilie opposed it. Wheeler. Jones, DR. ANSON, Texan patriot, b. Gr. Barrington, Ms., Jan. 20, 1798; d. Houston, Tex., Jan. 8, 1858, by his own hand. He stud ied medicine at Litchfield, Ct. ; was licensed to practise in 1820, and tried So. America, Phila., and New Orleans, without much professional success. Emigrating to Brazoria, Texas, in 1833, he, as chairman of a meeting in Dec. 1835, drew up resolutions in favor of a " decl. of indep. from Mexico," and of a convention of the people of Texas to form a constitution. He raised a military company ; was in the bat tle of San Jacinto ; was judge-advocate-gen., and held other military positions in 1836-7 ; member of the Texan Congress in 1837 ; min ister to the U.S. in 1838-9; pres. of the sen ate in 1840, and, ex officio, vice-pres. of Texas ; sec. of state 1841-4; pres. in 1845-6, and until the annexation to the U.S. His preference for the independence of Texas, rather than for its annexation to the U.S., rendered him unpopu lar. He was an able diplomatist. In 1859 his Journal, preceded by a brief Autobiography, was printed for private circulation. Jones, AVONIA STANHOPE, actress, b. New York, July 12, 1839; d. New York, Oct. 4, 1867. Dau. of " Count Joannes " and Mrs. Melinda J( nes. First app. Apr. 18, 1856, at Cincinnati, as Parthenia ; and at the Boston Theatre, May 18, 1857. She afterward played successful en gagements in many cities of the U.S., in Aus tralia in 1860, and Great Britain in 1861-2. Her husband, G. V. Brooke, an actor of repute, to whom she was m. in 1862, was lost in " The London " in 1865. Jones, CATLIT, a Western pioneer; accomp. Daniel Boone to Ky., and, when Boone s dau. and another young woman were captured by the Indians, was one of the 12 who rescued them from the savages. He was severely wounded in the arm while guarding with Boone the " Corn Patch " against the Indians; and was an officer in the Revol. war. Afterwards join ing the Friends, he became an acceptable min ister in that society. He emigrated from Va. to Columbiana Co., O., about the first of the present century. Died in 1829. Jones, CHARLES A., poet, b. Phila. ab. 1815 ; d. Mill Creek, Hamilton Co., 0., July 4, 1851. Son of Geo. W. Jones of Phila. His parents removed to Cincinnati when he was a child. He contrib. several pieces to the press, and in 1835 pub. " The Outlaw and other Po ems." He practised law in Cincinnati and New Orleans. In 1839 he pub. in the Cin. Gazette a series of satirical lyrics entitled " Aristopha- niana." His poems were thoroughly Western in character and subject. Poets and Poetry of the West. Jones, DAVID, jurist, b. Oyster Bay, L.I., Sept. 1699; d. Oct. 11, 1775. He received an excellent private education, and studied, but never practised, law ; was a member of the Colo nial Assembly from 1737 to 1 758 ; was 13 years speaker of that body; and in 1758-73 was a judge of the Sup. Court. THOMAS, his son, a loyalist, adm. to the bar, Apr. 4, 1 755 ; app. clerk of Queens Co. Feb. 4, 1757 ; recorder of N.Y. City 1769; and judge of the Sup. Court, Sept. 29, 1773. Nov. 24, 1776, he was seized by a party of Americans, and carried to Norwich, where he remained until Dec. ; he was again carried off in Nov. 1779; and in May, 1780, was exchanged for Gen. Silliman. His prop erty was confiscated ; and he retired to Eng., where he died. Jones, DAVID, Baptist clergyman and Revol. patriot, b. White Clay Creek, Newcastle Co., Del., May 12, 1736 ; d.Feb. 5, 1820. His ancestors, early in the last century, settled at the " Welsh Tract." He was many years pas tor of the Upper Freehold Church in N. J., which he left for a while in 1772-3 for a gospel mission to the Shawnee and Delaware Indians ; a journal of which, with a Memoir by hi* grandson, H. Gates Jones, was pub. 8vo, 1865. His patriotism made him so obnoxious to the Tories, that, believing his life to be in danger, he left N. J., and settled in Chester Co., Pa., in the spring of 1775, in charge of the Great Valley Baptist Church. He was chap lain to a Pa. regt. under St. Clair, at Ticon- deroga ; in two campaigns under Gates ; and in all the campaigns of Wayne, narrowly es caping death at the " Paoli Massacre." At the age of 76 he served in the war of 1812, under Gens. Brown and Wilkinson. Lossing. Jones, DAVID RUMPH, gen. C.S.A., b. S.C. 1825 ; d. Richmond, Va., 1863. West Point, 1846. Entered 2d Inf.; was brev. 1st JOIN" 495 TOST lieut. for gallantry at Contreras and Churu- busco, and capt. for Chapultepec; became 1st lieut. 1849 ; assist, iustr. inf. tactics at West Point, 1851-3 ; assist, adj. -gen. (rank of capt.) March 16, 1853; resigned Feb. 16, 1861 ; en tered the Confed. service ; was made brig.-gen. ; led a brigade at the battle of Bull Run ; and in Oct. 1862 com. a division in the army corps of gen. J. E. Johnston. Jones, GEORGE, clergyman and author, b. near York, Pa., July 30, 1800 ; d. U.S. Naval Asylum, Phila., Jan. 22, 1870. Y. C. 1823. Schoolmaster on the frigate " Brandy wine " in 1825-8; tutor of Yale 1829-30; ord. deacon in the Episc. church, Jan. 16, 1831, and officiat ed some time in Middletovvn, Ct. App. chap lain U.S.N. Apr. 20, 1833. He pub. in 1829, " Sketches of Naval Life; " in 1836, "Excur sions to Cairo, Jerusalem, Damascus, and Baal- bee ;" and in 1865, "Life-Scenes from the Four Gospels, and Life- Scenes from the Old Testament." His long and careful observations on the Zodiacal Light fill one vol. of the report of the U.S. Japan exped. Ob. Rec. Yale, 1870. Jones, GEORGE (Count Joannes), b. Bos ton, 1810. Played at the Federal-st. Theatre, Boston, in 1828; first app. at the Chestnut-st., Phila., Dec. 7, 1831, as Pierre in " Venice Pre served ; " was the original Claude Melnotte at the National, Boston, May 16, 1838; and in Sept. 1839 was manager of the theatres in Richmond and Norfolk, Va. ; afterwards vis ited Eng., and lectured on the Bible. Author of " History of Ancient America," 3d ed. 8vo. 1843; "Tecumseh," a tragedy; "The Life of Gen. Harrison," and the "First Oration on Shakspeare," 12mo, 1844; he now (1870) practises law in N. Y. City. Jones, HUGH, minister of Jamestown. Pub. " The Present State of Virginia," 8vo, Lond. 1724. Prof, of mathematics in Wil liam and Mary Coll., and afterward chaplain to the Va. Assembly. Jones, JACOB, commo. U.S.N., b. near Smyrna, Del., in March, 1768; d. Phila. Aug. 3, 1850. He studied medicine, and grad. at the U. of Pa. ; but abandoned practice for the clerkship of the Supreme Court of Del. En tered the navy as a midshipman, April 10, 1799; was made lieut. Feb. 22, 1801; was an of ficer of the frigate " Philadelphia," under Bain- bridge, when she was captured in 1803 in the harbor of Tripoli, remaining a prisoner 18 months ; was made com. Apr. 20, 1810 ; and, when war was declared against Great Britain in 1812, he was in com. of the sloop-of-war " Wasp ; " Oct. 18, 1812, he captured the sloop- of-war " Frolic," a vessel of superior force, after an action of 43 minutes. Capt. Jones was honored with a vote of thanks by Con gress, together with a gold medal; and swords were voted him by several of the States for his gallant Conduct in this engagement. Both ves sels were, however, soon after taken by " The Poictiers," 74, and carried into Bermuda. He was made post-capt. March 3, 1813, and com. the frigate " Macedonian " in Decatur s squadron. After the peace, Commo. Jones com. squadron in the Mediterranean and Pacific, and served some years as a commiss. of the navy board, and gov. of the Naval Asylum at Phila. Jones, JAMES ATHEARN, author, b. Tig- bury, Ms., June 4, 1790; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Aug. 1853. He had a common-school educa tion ; made some voyages to the West Indies; afterward taught school ; was in England in 1829-31 ; and was subsequently a farmer and trader in Tisbury. He was ab. 1826 an editor in Phila., and 20 years later in Baltimore, and in Buffalo in 1851. He pub. " Traditions of the N. American Indians," 3 vols. Lond. 1830; " Haverhill, or Memoirs of an Officer in the Ar my of Wolfe," Lond. 3 vols. 1831 ; a vol. of Poems ; and a " Letter to an English Gent, on English Libels of America," 1826, Phila. Jones, JAMES CHAMBERLAIN, statesman, b. Davidson Co., Tenn., April 20, 1809; d. Memphis, Oct. 29, 1859. His father dying during his infancy, Col. Ward became his guar dian, and much of his time was passed in la bor on his plantation. From the library of Col. W. he acquired the elements of a good English education. At the age of 21 he m., and settled on a farm in Wilson Co. In 1837 and 39 he rep resented that county in the legisl.; in 1841, and again in 1843, he was elected gov. of the State by the Whig party. In 1848 he zealously advo cated the nomination of Henry Clay in the Na tional Whig Convention, but supported its nom inee, Gen. Taylor, delivering several popular speeches in his behalf in different States. In 1850 he removed to Memphis ; and in 1851 was elected to the U.S. senate. In 1854 he was a conspicuous supporter of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and thenceforward became identified with the Democ. party. Jones, JOEL, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1848), jurist, b. Coventry, Ct., Oct. 25,1795; d. Phila. Feb. 3, 1860. Y.C. 1817. He studied law, and settled in practice in Easton, Pa. In 1830 he was app. a commiss. to revise the civil code of Pa. He was associate judge, and afterwards pres. judge, of the Dist. Court for the city and county of Phila. First pres. of Girard Coll. Dec. 1847- June, 1849. In 1849 he was elected mayor of Phila., and, after serving one term, returned to his profession. He was eminent for attain ments in jurisprudence, philology, and theology. Jones, JOHN, M.D., physician. Of Welsh extraction, b. Jamaica, L.I., 1729; d. June 23, 1791. After receiving his education at a pri vate school in N.Y., he commenced the study of medicine, and afterwards visited Europe to improve his professional knowledge. From the U. of Rheims he obtained the degree of M D. in May, 1751, and, having spent some time at Leyden, concluded his medical tour by a visit to Edinburgh. Upon his return, Dr. Jones set tled in New York, where he soon acquired an extensive practice, and especial reputation as an operator. He served as surgeon in the army in the war of 1755, and attended the wounded French com. Dieskau. When medical schools were instituted in the Coll. of N.Y., 1767, Dr. Jones was app. prof, of surgery, upon which ho delivered several courses of lectures. In 1776 Dr. Jones pub. his " Plain Remarks upon Wounds and Fractures." During the British occupation of New York, Dr. Jones withdrew into the country, relinquishing his lucrative practice in the city. He was soon after chosen to the senate of N.Y., and was subsequent!} JOIN" 496 JON for a short time in the medical dept. of the ar my . He was in 1780 elected one of the physi cians of the Pa. Hospital. Upon the institu tion of the Coll. of Physicians of Phila. in 1787, Dr. Jones was elected vice-pres., and contrib. to the first vol. of its transactions an interest ing paper on Anthrax. He was the intimate friend and physician of Franklin, whom he attended in his last illness, and pub. a brief ac count of his death. In 1 790 he attended Wash ington when very ill at New York ; and on the removal of the seat of govt. to Phila. he app. Dr. Jones physician to his family. He pub. several surgical works, and, as a surgeon, stood at the head of the profession in this country. After his death, a vol. of his works, with a Me moir, was pub. by Dr. Mease, 8vo, 1795. Tit acker. Jones, JOHN B., b. Bait., Md., 1810. Au thor of " Wild Western Scenes," Phila. 1849 ; "Book of Visions," 1847; "Rural Sports, a Poem," 1848; "The Western Merchant," 1848; "The Rival Belles," 1852; " Adven tures of Col. Van der Bomb," 1852; "The Monarchist," 1853; "Life and Advents, of a Country Merchant;" "Freaks of Fortune," 1854; "Winkles, a Humorous Tale," 1855; "The War-Path," 1856; and "Secret Rebel Diary cf the War," 2 vols. 8vo. In 1857 he estab". in Phila. the Southern Monitor, a weekly paper devoted to Southern interests. Alli- bone. Jones, J. GLANCY, lawyer and M.C. (1850- 8), b. Conestoga River, Pa., Oct. 7, 1811. Ed ucated to the Church, he preferred the law, to which he devoted himself with success; and was dep. atty.-gen. of the State. He was the author in the house of the bill creating the Court of Claims, and chairman of the com. of ways and means. He was tendered by Pres. Buchanan the mission to Berlin, which he de clined, but in Oct. 1858 accepted that to Aus tria, remaining till Nov. 14, 61 ; d. Mar. 24, 78. Jones, JOHN M., brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Va. 1 822 ; killed at Spottsylv. 10 May, 1 864. West Point, 1841. Assist, instr. W. P. 1845-52; 1st lieut. 20 Aug. 1847 ; capt. 7th Inf. 3 Mar. 1855; took part in the Utah exped. ; res. 27 May, 1861 ; app. col. of a Va. regt. ; promoted in 1863 to a brigade in Ransom s div., Long- street s corps ; severely wounded at Gettys burg ; took part in the attack on Knoxville in Dei:. 1863 ; in the operations in the Wilder ness ; and in the vicinity of Spottsyiv., Va. Jones, JOHN PAUL, admiral, b. parish of Kirkbean, Scotland, 6 July, 1747 ; d. Paris, 18 July, 1792. Son of John Paul, a respectable farmer. He went to sea at an early age, and, before he was 18, com. a vessel to the W. Indies. In this employ he continued, until, in suppress ing a mutiny, he so wounded one of his seamen as to cause his death. For this he was tried and honorably acquitted in the port in the W. Indies where it occurred ; but, on his return to Eng., was so persecuted on account of it, that he went to live in Va., where he had a bro., who in 1773 died, and left him considerable property. Offering his services to Congress, he was made a first lieut. in the navy (22 Dec. 1775), arid in gratitude to Gen. Jones of N. Carolina, who had strongly recommended him, assumed his name. After a cruise in " The Alfred," 28, he in Feb. 1776 commanded " The Providence," 12, with which in 6 weeks he took sixteen merchantmen, and destroyed the fishing-establishment at Isle Madame. He fought "The Solebay," 28, for several hours ; and on two occasions encountered " The Mil- ford," 32. Capt. Oct. 10, 1776. In "The Alfred " he destroyed the Port-Royal fisheries, and took all the vessels there with their freights. App. 14 June, 1777, to " The Ranger," 18, he sailed to Europe; and Feb. 2, 1778, received from Count D Orvilliers the first salute ever paid to the American flag by a foreign man-of- war. In April he scaled the walls of the fort at White Haven, and spiked 38 cannon there. His crew having plundered the house of the Earl of Selkirk of his plate, Jones bought it from them, and returned it. While on the English coast, he captured " The Drake," a ship of superior force (sent out expressly to take him), in sight of a large concourse* of people, and took her into Brest. The equip ment of a squadron which he was to com. detained him in France until Aug. 14, 1779, when he sailed to intercept the Baltic fleet. Owing to the desertion of part of the squadron, and the bad conduct of " The Alliance," he could only capture the convoy, consisting of " The Serapis," 50, and " The Countess of Scarborough," 20. He himself, in the " Bon Homme Richard," encountered " The Serapis," and took her after one of the most severe and sanguinary fights ever recorded. Jones s ship was so severely handled, that she sunk soon after the action. Of her crew of 380, 306 were killed and wounded. He was enthusiastically received in France, receiving from Louis XVI. the order of military merit, and a sword of honor. Congress ordered a gold medal to be struck in honor of his achieve ments, and app. him to com. " The America," 74. He was doomed to disappointment, how ever, as Congress found itself called on to pre sent her to France, in lieu of the " Magnifique," lost in our waters. In 1786 Congress made him agent to Denmark and Sweden to obtain indemnity for Jones s prizes delivered from their ports to the enemy. Entering the service of Catharine of Russia as rear-adm. in 1 787, in an action against the Turks in the Limau Sea, June 7, 1788, he so disting. himself as to be made vice-admiral, and a knight of St. Ann. Slanderous calumnies, however, acting on an acutely sensitive mind, so imbittered him as to cause him to resign ; and he returned to Paris, where he died. The Nat. Assembly decreed him a public funeral and mourning. In his char acter the tenderness and sensibility of a woman were united to the courage and daring of a hero. The star-spangled banner was first dis played by him on board " The Alfred " in the Delaware. His Life, by John Henry Sher- burne, was pub. 8vo, Washington, 1825 ; by his niece, Miss Janette Taylor, in 1830; and by A. S. Mackenzie in 1845. Jones, JOHN TAYLOR, D.D., b. New Ips wich, 18U2 ; d. Bangkok, Siam, Sept. 13, 1851. Amh. Coll. 1825. Ord. Baptist missionary to Burmah, 28 July, 1830; and translated the New Testament into the Siamese. JON 497 Jones, JOHN W., of Chesterfield, Va., M.C. 1835-45; speaker 1843-5; d. Jan. 29,1848. Wra. and M. Coll. 1803. Jones, JOSEPH SEAAVELL; d. 1855. Camb. Law School, 1833. Author of " A Defence of the Revol. History of N.C.," 1834 ; "Me morials of N.C.," 1838. Jones, NOBLE WIMBERLY, Revol. patriot, b. near Lond., Eng., 1724 ; d. Savannah, Jan. 9, 1805. He was a son of Dr. Noble Jones, an early settler of Ga., with whom he was assoc. in practice at Savannah from 1748 to 1756, and who was treas. of the Province, and a councillor of state. He held a military com mission at an early age, and was a member of the Assembly in 1761 and subsequently, being often speaker. He was a leading patriot in 1774 ; corresp. with Franklin, the agent of Ga. in Eng. ; and was speaker of the first Ga. legisl. ; delegate to the Old Congress in 1775 and 1781- 3 ; lost a son at the capture of Savannah in 1778; was himself made prisoner at the fall of Charleston in 1780, and carried to St. Au gustine ; was exchanged in July, 1781 ; prac tised medicine in Phila. until Dec. 1782, when he returned to Ga., and was again of its As sembly, lie practised in Charleston from Dec. 1783 to Dec. 1788, after which he lived in Savannah. Pres. of the convention which revised the State constitution in 1795. He was a skilful physician and a man of benevo lent character. Jones, ROGER, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Westmoreland Co., Va., 1789 ; d. Washington, July 15, 1852; app. 2d lieut. marine corps, Jan. 26, 1809 ; July 12, 1812, was transferred to the art. with the rank of capt. ; received the brev. of maj. for disting. services in the battle of Chippewa, July 5, 1814, and Lundy s Lane ; and was also commended for bravery at the battle of Niagara, as well as in the defence of Fort Erie in July and Aug. of the same year ; brev. lieut.-col. for the sortie from Fort Erie, Sept. 17; app. adj.-gen. (rank of col.) Aug. 10,1818; brev. col. Sept. 17,1824. Mar. 7, 1S25, he was app. adj.-gen. of the army, which post he held until his death. Brev. brig.-gen., June, 1832; brev. maj.-gen., in May, 1848. Jones, SAMUEL, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1826), jurist, b 1769 ; d. Cold Spring, L.L, Aug. 8, 1853. Y.C. 1790. His father, Chief Justice Samuel, styled the " father of the N.Y. bar," was originally a sailor, rilled many important and responsible stations, was in 1788 a mem ber of the convention which adopted the Con stitution of the U.S., and d. 1819, a. 85. The son studied law in his father s office with De Witt Clinton ; member N.Y. Assembly 1812- 14 ; recorder N.Y. City 1823 ; in 1826 was app. by Gov. Clinton chancellor of the State ; in 1828 he accepted the office of chief justice of the Superior Court in N.Y. City; in 1847- 9 he was judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and ex officio a judge of the Court of Appeals. Until the last two months of his life, he took an active part in the arguments and contests incident to practice at the bar. Samuel Jones and R. Varick pub. "Laws of the State of N.Y., Feb. 1778 to Mar. 1789," 2 vols. fol., N.Y. 1789. Jones, SAMUEL, gen. C.S.A., b. Va. 1S20 ; 32 killed in battle of Wilderness, Va., 5 May, 1864. West Point, 1841. Prof. math. W. P. 1846-51 ; capt. 1st Art. 24 Dec. 1853 ; res. 2" Apr. 1861. App. col., soon after brig.-gen., and early in 1862 maj.-gen., Confed. army; com. the forces in W. Va. until ordered m the spring of 1864 to re-enforce Lee on the Rapidan. Jones, THOMAS AP CATESBT, commodore U.S.N. Of Welsh descent, b. Va, 1789; d. Georgetown, D.C., May 30, 1858. Bro. of Gen. Roger. Entering the navy, Nov. 22, 1805, he became lieut. May 24, 1812 ; com. Mar. 28, 1820 ; and capt. Mar. 11, 1829. From 1808 to 1812 he was engaged in the Gulf of Mexico, and disting. himself in the suppression of piracy, smuggling,, and the slave-trade. When the British naval exped. against New Orleans entered Lake Borgne, he, with a small flotilla, endeavored to intercept 40 British boats. Al though wounded, and compelled to surrender, his conduct was highly commended. In 1842 he com. the Pacific squadron, and having, from erroneous information, caused the gov. of Mon terey to surrender, he was, for this indiscretion, suspended from service for a time. Jones, THOMAS P., M.D., d. Washington, Mar. 11, 1848, a. 75. Had been supt. of the patent-office, editor of the Franklin Journal, Phila., and of Marcel s Conversations on Nat. Philos. 1826. Jones, VALENTINE, a British maj.-gen. ; d. Bath, Eng., Nov. 14, 1815, a. 89. Brig.-gen. in America in 1775-6, under Gen. Howe; maj.-gen. Aug. 21, 1777; served on Long Island and in Rhode Island. Jones, WALTER, M.D. (Edinb. 1770), an eminent physician, b. Va. 1745 ; d. Westmore land Co., Va., Dec. 31, 1815. Wm. and M. Coll. 1760. He settled in Northumberland Co., Va., attaining an extensive practice, and the highest standing both as a scholar and physician. Apr. 11, 1777, he was app. by Congress physician-gen, of the hospital in the middle dept. M.C. 1797-9 and 1803-11. Jones, WILIE ; d. near Raleigh, N.C. With his brother Allen, he was a delegate to the Congress which framed the State constitution in 1776, and drew up the instrume.it which was adopted ; pres. of the com. of safety in 1775 ; delegate to the h. of commons 1776-8 ; delegate to the Old Congress 1780-1 ; elected to the Federal Const. Conv. in 1787, but de clined ; member of the State convention which rejected the U.S. Constitution in 1788, of which he was an opponent. Wheeler. Jones, WILLIAM, gov. of R.I. 1811-17, b. Newport, 1754; d. Providence, Apr. 9, 1822. A carpenter in his youth. He entered the army in 1775 as a capt. in Col. Lippitt s R.I. regt. ; afterward com. a marine corps in one of the national frigates ; was made prisoner at Charleston, S.C. ; and after the war was a mer chant in Providence till his death. He was several years a representative from Prov., and speaker "of the Assembly. Jones, WILLIAM," statesman, b. Phila. 1760; d. Bethlehem, Pa., Sept. 5, 1831. When ab. 16 he joined a vol. company, and was pres ent at the battles of Trenton and Princetor, and afterward on board several armed vessel;? 498 He was once severely wounded, and twice made prisoner in that contest. He was lieut. with Cora. Truxton in the James River, when that officer encountered and beat off a British ship of superior force. lie then entered the merchant-service, but in 1790 settled in Charles ton, S.C., whence he removed to Phila. in 1 793. M C. 1 801-3 ; sec. of the navy Jan. 1 2, 1813, to Dec. 7, 1814; was afterward pres. of the U.S. Bank and coll. of Phila. He was nearly 26 years a member of the Philos. So ciety Author of " Winter Navigation of the Delaware," Phila. 8vo, 1822. Jones, WILLIAM ALFRED, essayist, b. New York, June 26, 1817. Col. Coll. 1836; and in 1851-65 was librarian of that institution. Member of a family long disting. for the emi nent men it has furnished to the bar and the bench in the State of N.Y., including the ante- Revol. period. He has contrib. many literary criticisms to periodicals, chiefly to the Church Record, Arctarus, Whig Review, and the Democ. Review. Several revised collections of his essays have been made, "The Analyst, a Collection of Miscellaneous Papers," 1840 ; "Literary Studies," 2 vols. 1847; "Essays upon Authors and Books," 1849 ; and " Char acters and Criticisms," 2 vols. 1857. He pub. in 1849 a Memorial of his father, David S. Jones, with notices of the Jones family of Queens Co. Jones, WILLIAM E., maj.-gen. C.S.A., b. Va. 1824; killed Me. Crawford, Va., June 5, 1864. A.M. of Emory and Henry Coll. 1847. West Point, 1848. Lieut, mounted rifles; resigned 1857. A cavalry officer of ability, serving principally in Western Va. ; maj.-gen. in 1863. Jonquiere, JAQUES PIERRE DE TAFFA- NEL, Marquis de la, gov. of Canada 1749-52, b. La Jonquiere, France, 1686; d. Quebec, May 17, 1752. He entered the navy in 1698; was adj. in the army in 1703; taken prisoner near Barcelona 1 706 ; was at the siege ot Toulon 1707, and the exped. to Rio Janeiro 1711 ; made Knight of St. Louis and capt. 1731 ; capt. in the navy 1736 ; insp. of marine 1741 ; tlag-officer in 1744 of Admiral de Court; ac- comp. D Anville s fleet in 1746; app. gov. of Canada in 1747, but was taken by the British, May 3, on his way to that country, where he did not arrive till Aug. 2, 1749. He was tall, well made, of an imposing figure, and exces sively brave, but very avaricious. His govern ment was marked with considerable firmness; and he generally carried out the policy of the energetic and talented La Gallissoniere. He solicited a recall in 1751, in consequence of charges of monopoly of the peltry-trade, made by the Jesuits; but his bodily powers gave way before it arrived. He was one of the ablest of the French naval officers. Morgan. Jordan, ROBERT, Quaker preacher, b. Nansemond, Va., Oct. 27, 1693; d. Phila. Aug. 5, 1742. He began to preach in 1718; visited N. E. in 1722; suffered imprisonment in 1723 and 1727 in Va. for his principles; travelled in Great Britain and the W. Indies in 1728-30 and in 1731-4; afterwards visited the eastern and southern provinces ; made a second journey to Barbadoes in 1740; and was at Boston in 1741. Coll. JpSSelyn, JOHN, traveller, b. Eng Son of Sir Thomas Jocclyn of Kent. He sailed for New Eng. Apr. 26*, and arrived at Boston, July 2, 1638. He returned to Eng. in Oct. 1639; sailed a second time, May 23, 1663, and returned Pec. 1, 1671, the interval having been passed in New Eng. In 1672 he pub. in London "New England s Rarities Discovered." In it he presents a picture of Boston in 1663. This was repr. in 1865 with notes by Edward Tuckerman. He next issued " An" Account of Two Voyages to New England," Lond. 1674, repr. Boston 1869; also "Chronologi cal Observations of America from the Year of the World to the Year of Christ," 1673. His only brother (HENRY) lived at Black Point (Scarborough, Me.) in 1638. Pie was sent over by Capt. Mason ; arrived at Piscaf- aqua in the summer of 1634 ; and in 1636 and 1640 was a member of the Maine govt. In 1643 he succeeded to the Cammock patent at Black Point; and in 1645 became dep.-gov. App. a commiss. for the administration of the govt. in 1665. Active and influential in the affairs of Maine in 1635-76. Willis in Geneal. Reg. ii. 204. Jouett, MATTHEW, port.-painter, b. Fay- ette Co., Ivy., 1783 ; d. Lex., Ky., Aug. 10, 1827. Educated for the bar. He became a favorite pupil of Stuart in Boston in 1817 ; practised his art successfully many years in Ky., N. Or leans, Natchez, and other places in the South west ; and was for many years the best port.- paintcr in the West. Tuckerman. Juarez (joo-a-rSz), BENITO, a Mexican pres., b. Villa Ixtlan, in the State of Oaxaca, 1807. Descended from the Indian race. Grad. at the Coll. of Oaxaca; and in 1830 was made a member of the Institute of Arts and Sciences. He gained distinction as a lawyer ; was prof. of canonical law in the Institute of Oaxaca ; and took an active part in politics as a liberal member of the legisl. of his native State. Made pres. judge, he was in 1846 elected dep. to the Mexican Congress. He was active in the administration of the law by which church property was secularized to meet the necessi ties of the war with the U.S. (184G-8). Gov. of his native State from 1848 to 1852, and at his retirement left a balance in the public treasury. Banished by Santa Aria in 1853, he resided in New Orleans until May, 1855, when he returned, and accomp. Alvarez from Acapulco to Cuernavaca, where he was a rep resentative in the Assembly, and, until Dec. 1855, was minister of justice under Alvarez. While in this office, he promulgated the ley Juarez, abolishing the privileges of the clergy and the army. Comonfort then app. him gov. of Oaxaca; in Nov. 1857 made him sec. of state; and subsequently he was app. pres. of the Supreme Court of justice. After the with drawal of Comonfort, Jan. 1858, Juarez be came, in virtue of his office, constitutional pres. of Mexico. Jan. 19 he established his govt. in Guanajunta. The reverses of civil war afterward compelled him to remove it to Colima. From May 4, 1858, he offici.ited ai Vera Cruz; but at the close of I860 had com- 499 JTJD polled his opponent Miramon to abdicate, and flee the country. Jan. 11, 1861, Juarez en tered the city of Mexico, formed his cabinet, and in June was elected pres. Then came European intervention, and the short-lived empire of Maximilian. Driven by the French army from place to place, in 1863-6 he still held out against the enemies of his country; but, the French army being withdrawn in 1866, he succeeded in defeating the imperial forces early in 1867 ; captured Maximilian, whose exe cution he ordered June 16, 1867; in Oct. was ic-electedto the presidency, and d. July 18, 1872. Juarros, D. DOMINGOS, Guatimalian his torian ; d. ab. 1818. He was an ecclesiastic, and was the first to point out the existence in Central America of those monuments, the age and origin of which are not yet determined. He pub. " Compendia de la Hisforia de la (7m- dadde Guatimala," Guatimala, 1809-18,2 vols. 8vo. : a translation by Lieut. Bailey appeared in Lond. in 1825. Nouv. Biog. Univ. Judah, HENRY MOSES, brig.-gen. vols., b. Snow Hill, Md., June 12, 1821 ; d. Plattsbnrsr, N.Y., Jan. 14, 1866. West Point, 1843. En tering the 8th Inf., he served in the Mexican war; com. his company at the storming of Mon terey ; and, for gallantry at Molino del Rey and at the capture of the city of Mexico, received the brevets of 1st lieut. and capt. ; 29 Sept. 1853, he became capt. 4th Inf., serving actively for 9 years against the Indians of California, Washington and Oregon Territories; made col. of a regt. of vols. in 1861 ; he became brig.-gen. March 21, 1862, and insp.-gen. of Gen. Hal- leek s army on the Tenn. ; resigning his staff- app., he was ordered to com. the 1st div. of the army of the reserve, which he relinquished after the evacuation of Corinth by the Confed. forces, and was re-app. insp.-gen. ; 30 June, 1862, he was made major 4th Infantry; brev. col. U.S.A. He was very active in pursuit of Morgan in his raid into Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio in 1863. In Sherman s Atlanta campaign he com. a division of the 23d corps. Judd, REV. BETHEL, D.D. (Trin. 1831), Epis. clergyman, b. Watertown, Ct., 1776 ; d. Wilmington, Del., Apr. 8, 1858. Y.C. 1797. Ord. deacon by Bishop Moore in 1798 ; rector of St. James Church, New London, Ct., for 15 years ; a pioneer of the church in N. C. ; and held a missionary station at St. Augustine, Florida. He was* one of the early presidents of St John s Coll., Annapolis. Hist. Mag. ii. 215. Judd, NORMAN B., lawyer and politician, 1). Rome, N.Y., 10 Jan. 1815. He received a com. school education; studied law; and in 1836 was adm. to the bar, and settled in suc cessful practice in Chicago ; city a try. 1837-9 ; Suite senator 1844-60 ; member of the Bloom- ington conv. in 1856, that organized the Re- pub, party, in which he was prominent ; and chairman State central com. 1856-61 ; chair man of the 111. delegation in the Chicago conv. that nominated Mr. Lincoln to the presidency ; minister to Prussia, Mar. 1861-Oct. 1865 ; M.C. 1867-71. Pres. of the Peoria and Bureau Valley Ro-.id, and of the Rock Island Railroad Bridge Co. Sketches of the Leading Men of Chicago. Judd, SYLVESTER, journalist and histo rian, b. Wcsthampton, Ms., 23 Apr. 1789; d. Northampton, Ms., 18 Apr. 1860. Thos. hii ancestor came to N. E. in 1633 or 34. He was some yea v s in mercantile business ; owned and edited the Hampshire Gazette in 1822-34 ; was long engaged in investigating the history of the Ct. Valley; and pub. "Thomas Judd and his Descendants," 1856. His " History of Hadley" was pub., 8vo, 1863, with "Family Genealogies/ by L. M. Boltwood. Judd, SYLVESTER, author and Unitarian clergyman, son of the preceding, b. Westhamp- ton, Ms., July 23, 1813; d. Augusta, Me., Jan. 20, 1853. Y.C. 1836. On the comple tion of his theol. studies at Cambridge, in 1 840, he was ord. pastor of the East Parish, Augusta, Me., Oct. 1. In addition to his pulpit-duties, Mr. Judd was a frequent lyceum-lecturer on the social reforms of the day, opposing war and slavery, and advocating temperance. He pub. " Margaret, a Tale of the Real and Ideal," Bos ton, 1845, which has been illustrated by a series of outline drawings by Darley (1856) ; " Philo, an Evangeliad;" and "Richard Edney," a romance, 1850. An old Indian tradition sug gested to Mr. Judd a dramatic poem in 5 acts, " The White Hills, an American Tragedy," still unpub. A vol. entitled " The Church " was pub. posthumously in 1854. See Life and Character of Sylvester Judd, Boston, 1854, % Mrs. A. Hall Judson, ADONIRAM, D.D., Baptist mis sionary at Burmah, b. Maiden, Ms., Aug. 9, 1788 ; d. at sea, April 12, 1850. B.U. 1807 ; And. Sem. 1810. Son of Rev. Adoniram, of M. Opening a private school in Plymouth, Ms., he prepared his "Elements of "English Grammar," and "Young Ladies Arithmetic, pub. 1808 and 1809. Ord. 6 Feb. 1812. Mar rying Ann Hasseltine, afterwards so noted for heroism and conjugal devotion, they sailed for Calcutta, Feb. 19, 1812; and, having settled at Rangoon in Burmah, he toiled there nearly 40 years, during which he was imprisoned two years, and manacled, and daily expecting some barbarous death. He lived to see himself sur rounded by thousands of native converts, and a strong corps of assist, evangelists, Burmese as well as American ; acquired a thorough knowledge of the Burmese language, into which he translated the Bible and other books ; and before his death nearly completed a dic tionary of that language in two large 4ro vols. Having lost his first wife in 1826, in Apr. 1834 he m. Mrs. Sarah H. Boardman, who d. Sept. 1, 1845 ; in June, 1846, while on a visit to the U.S., he m. Emily Chubbuck, known under the nom de plume of " Fanny For ester." Memoirs of his life have been pub. by F. Wayland, 1853; J. Clement, 1852; D. T. Middleditch, 1854; Mrs. H. C. Conant, 1856; and W. Hague, 1851. Judson, ANN HASSELTINE, 1st wife of the preceding, b. Bradford, Ms., Dec. 22, 1789 ; d. Amherst, Burmah, Oct 24, 1826. She early de veloped remarkable qualities both of intellect and character. Educated at the Bradford Acad. Her mind was well disciplined, and her acquisitions were unusually large. Feb. 5, 1812, she m. Mr. Judson ; and Feb. 19, em JTJ3D 500 barked for Calcutta, being the first American female missionary. She revisited her home in 1822-3, but subsequently labored in Burmah. See Memoir bi/ Rev. James D. Knoicles. Judson, EMILY CHUBBUCK, b. Eaton, Madison Co., N.Y., Aug. 22, 1817 ; d. Hamil ton, N.Y., June 1, 1854. Wife of the Rev. Ado- niram, but principally celebrated for her prose and poetical writings, under the assumed name of Fanny Forester, which appeared in the Knickerbocker and Amer. Baptist Mag., and the N. Y. Mirror. She received a good education ; was for some years a teacher in the Female Sem. at Utica ; and in June, 1846, m. Dr. Judson, and immediately sailed for India. Af ter his death, Apr. 12, 1850, she returned to the U.S. in charge of his children, to whom, and to the revision of the Memoirs of her hus band, by Pres. Way land, the remainder of her life was devoted. She began her career of authorship by writing sabbath-school books ; and in 1844 "became a regular contributor to the Columbian and Graham s Mags. Her prose writings were collected and pub. under the title of " Alderbrook." Her poems were pub. under the title of " The Olio." Her other works are " The Kathayan Slave/ and " My Two Sis ters." While in Rangoon she wrote the Me moir of Mrs. Sarah B. Judson. Juncker, HENRY DAMIAN, D.D., R.C. bishop of Alton, 111. (consec. 26 Apr. 1857), b. Fenetrange, Lorraine, France, ab. 1810; d. Alton, Oct. 2, 1868. Emigrating early to the U. S., he studied in Cincinnati. Was" ord. a priest, Mar. 16, 1834 ; had charge of the First German Catholic Cong, of Cincinnati, after ward of St. John s Church, Canton, O., and, subsequently 10 1850, of Davton, O. Junkin, GEORGE, D.D., LL.D., Presb. minister, author, and educator, b. near Kings ton, Pa., Nov. 1,1790; d.Phila. May 20, 1868. Jeff. Coll. 1813. He studied theology in N.Y. City; was licensed to preach Sept. 1816; ord. 1818; and settled over the congregations of Milton and McEwensville, Pa. Here he edited the Religious Farmer, and was active in estab lishing Milton Acad. In 1830 he was princi pal of the Manual Labor Acad. at German- town. From 1832 to 1841 and 1844-8, he was pres. of Laf. Coll.; pres. of Miami U. 1841-4, and of Wash. Coll., Lexington, Va , from 1848 to 1861, when, on account of attachment to the Union, he left home, property, and a part of his family, and came to the North fur protection. He afterward resided in Phila. and in N.Y. Prof, in Laf. Coll. at the time of his death. Author of " Political Falla cies ; " Sanctification ; " " The Tabernacle ; " Prophecies of Daniel," 8vo ; " Lectures on the Prophecies," 8vo, 1844; " Sabbatismos ; " and a commentary on Hebrews. He was the ablest champion of old-school orthodoxy, and possessed great logical power, eloquence, and learning. His dau. MARGARET has pub. be- lide fugitive poems, " Silverwood, a Book of Memories," 1857. Kalb, JOHN, BARON DE, maj.-gen. Revol. Army, b. Huttendorf, in the margraviate of Bayreuth, Germany, 29 June, 1721 ; d. Cam- den, S.C., Aug. 19, 1780. He entered the regt. Loewendal, in the service of France, in 1743; became capt. and aide maj. in 1747, maj. 1756; lieut.-col. serving in the quartern), dept. under Marshal Broglie (obtaining the rank of brig.-gen. and the order of milit. mer it) in May, 1761, and until the peace in 1763. Charged with a mission to the Amer. Colo nies to ascertain their feeling towards the mother-country, and to learn their vulnerable points, he embarked in Dec. 1767, and returned at the close of 1768, having suffered ship wreck near Staten Island, 28 Jan. 1768, and undergone great hardship. While in the per formance of this mission, he was seized as a suspected person, but escaped detection. Ear ly in 1777 he accompanied Lafayette to this country, and offered his services to Congress. They were accepted; and 15 Sept. 1777, he was made a maj.-gen. At first he served in the main army ; but in Apr. 1780 was sent to the assistance of S.C. in com. of the Md. and Del. troops. Before he could reach Charleston, how ever, Gen. Lincoln had been made prisoner ; and the direction of the whole southern army, inconsequence, devolved upon the Baron, from May, 1780, until the app. of Gates. At the battle of Camden, Aug. 16, 1780, De Kalb, who com. the right wing, fell, pierced with 11 wounds, while gallantly righting on foot. A marble monument was erected to his memory, by order of Congress, opp. the Presb. church of Camden; and in 1825 Lafayette placed its corner-stone, and also that of a monument at Annapolis, Md. See Kapp, Kalb s Leben. Kalm, PETER, a Swedish traveller, and nat ural philosopher, b. Ostro Bothnia, 1715; d. Abo, Nov. 16, 1779. Educated at Upsal ; and, on the suggestion of Linnaeus, was selected in 1745 by the Swedish Govt. to make a botanical tour of N. America. He arrived in Phila. in the summer of 1748, and remained till 1751, travelling in Canada, N.Y., and Pa. On his return to Abo, where he was a botanical prof , he pub. his travels (3 vols. 1753-61), with a copious account of the productions of the soil, and natural curiosities, of the countries he had visited. An English translation of this work, by Forster, was printed in 1772. Kalm subse quently travelled over several parts of the Rus sian dominions. The beautiful evergreen shrub Kalmia is named after him. Kane, ELISIIA KENT, M.D., arctic explorer, b Phila. Feb. 3, 1822; d. Havana, Feb. 16, 1857. His father, Judge John K. Kane (Y.C. 1814), d. Phila. Feb. 21, 1858. In his youth he was disting. for physical hardihood and per severance. He was educated at the universities of Va. and Pa., taking his medical degree Feb. 3, 1843. In Oct. 1840 he was elected Res ident physician in the Pa. Hospital. Ill health led to his entering the navy ; and in May, 1 843, he sailed as physician to the embassy to China. He travelled extensively in Asia, Egypt, and Europe, traversing Greece on foot ; explored western Africa ; was wounded in a skirmish in the Mexican war ; and in May, 1850, sailed as surgeon and naturalist under Lieut. De Haven to search for Sir John Franklin. A narrative of this exped. was pub. by Dr. Kane, 8vo, N. Y., 1853. He com. a similar expcd. which sailed May 30, 1853, the survivors of which returned Oct. 11, 1855, having been forced to auandon 501 " The Advance " in the ice, and to travel with sledges and boats for 84 days to the Danish settlements on the coast of Greenland. The most striking result of the voyage was the discovery of the open polar sea, the existence of which Dr. Kane had previously maintained. In 1856 he pub. " Arctic Explorations, the Second Grinnell Exped. in Search of Sir John Franklin in 1 853-5," 2 vols. 8vo. This voyage cost the health and lives of most of his party. Gold medals were awarded him by Congress, by the legisl. of N.Y., and by the "Roy. Geog. Society of Lond. He also received the queen s medal given to arctic explorers. Dr. Kane s health giving way again, he sailed for Eng. Just previous to his departure, in Oct. 1856, he m. Margaret Fox the medium; but their union was kept secret on account of the opposition of his family. Their subsequent refusal to ac knowledge the claims of Mrs. Kane led to the publication of his letters to her, under the title of " Love-Life of Dr. Kane." Growing rapid ly worse in Lond., he sailed, Nov. 17, for St. Thomas, whence he went to Havana, where he d. See his Life, by Dr. Wrn. Elder, 8vo, Phila., 1858 ; Duyddnek. Kane, PAUL, a Canadian painter, b. Toron to, ab. 1820. He studied in Italy in 1840-5; and on his return home travelled extensively in the North-west Terr., returning Dec. 9, 1848, with a large collection of sketches, from which he made a series of oil paintings of great mer it. In 1859 he pub. in Lond. "Wanderings of an Artist." Morgan. Kapp, FREDERICK, b. Germany, exiled for political reasons in 1850. Resided many years in N.Y. City; returned home in May, 1870. App. Hon. Doctor of Sciences in the U. of Bonn, 1870. Author of " Life of Baron Steu- ben," N.Y., 12mo, 1859; "Life of Baron de Kalb," 1862, &c. Kautz, AUGUST V., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. nearPotzheim, Baden, Jan. 5, 1828. West Point, 1852. His parents emigrated to the U.S. in 1828, and in 1844 settled near Rip- ley, O. Private in the 1st Ohio Vols. in the Mexican war ; and at the capture of Monterey. Entering the 4th U.S. Inf., he was wounded by the Indians in an action on White River, Wash. Terr., 1 Mar. 1856. Capt. 6th Cav. May 14, 1861 ; com. his regt. during the Penin sular campaign ; col. 2d Ohio Cav. Sept. 10, 1862 ; com. a cavalry brigade in Ky. in 1863 ; and at the capture of Monticello, Ky., 1 May, 1863, and brcv. maj. 9 June, 1863, for action there ; was in pursuit and at capture of John Morgan in July, 1863; chief of cav 23d corps in Burnside s campaign in E. Tenn. and siege of Knoxville; brig.-gen. 7 May, 1864; and served in the Armies of the James and of the Potomac; brev. maj.-gen. Oct. 28, 1864 en gaged in cutting the Petersb. and Weldon Rail road, the Richmond and Danville Railroad, and Petersburg and Lynchb. Railroad, and the ac tions at Roanoke Bridge and Reams s Station, and at Darbytown ; relieved from the cav. div. and assigned to 1st div. 20th corps, Mar. 1865; mustered out Jan. 15, 1866. Afterward act ing judge adv. of the milit. div. of the Gulf; brcv. lieut.-col. for attack on Petersburg, 9 June, 1864 ; col. for Darbytown, 7 Oct. 1864 ; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, service* during the Rebellion; lieut.-col. 15th Inf. 28 July, 1866. Author of " Company Clerk," " Customs of the Service," for com. and for non-com, officers. Cullum. Kavanagh, EDWARD, statesman, b. Apr. 27, 1795; d. Newcastle, Me., Jan. 20, 1844. A lawyer. Member of the Me. legisl. 1826- 8, 1842-3; sec. of State senate 1830; M.C. 1831-5; charged affaires to Portugal 1835-41; a commiss. for settling the north-eastern boun dary in 1842 ; acting gov. of Me. in 1843-4 ; and for a short time pros, of the State senate. Kean, JOHN, delegate to Congress from S.C. 1785-7 ; commiss. to settle accounts be tween the U.S. and individual States, and cashier of the U.S. Bank ; d. Phila. May, 1795. Keane, JOHN, lord, a British gen., b. Belmont, Ireland, 1781 ; d. Aug. 24, 1844. He entered the army in 1793 ; served in Egypt; in the campaign of Martinique and at the siege of Fort Desaix ; became lieut.-col. 60th Foot in 1812; com. a brigade in the Peninsular War ; was present at the battles of Vittoria, the Pyrenees, Nivelle, Orthes, and Toulouse ; attained the rank of maj.-gen. in 1814 ; and was app. to the com. of the military force destined to co-operate with Admiral Cochrane for the attack on N. Orleans. When Sir E. Paken- ham arrived as the gen. -in-chief, Sir John was app. to the com. of the third brigade, and in an assault on the American lines, 8 Jan. 1815, received two severe wounds. Com.-in-chief at Jamaica from 1823 to 1830; at Bombay, from 1833 to 1839 ; he was then intrusted with the operations in Afghanistan, of which the cap ture of Ghuznee was his crowning achieve ment. For this service he was raised to the peerage as Baron Keane in Dec. 1839. Kearney (kar-ni), LAWRENCE, commo. U.S.N., b. Perth Amboy, N. J., Nov. 30, 1789 ; d. there Nov. 29, 1868. Midshipm. July 24, 1807 ; lieut. Mar. 6, 1813 ; com. Mar. 3, 1825 ; capt. Dec. 20, 1832; commo. 1866. He was 1st lieut. of the schooner " Enterprise," when she was wrecked after leaving N. Orleans fora cruise in 1812. His services on the coast of S.C. and adjacent States during the war of 181 2 were of great utility. After its close, as com. of " The Enterprise," he performed important services in ridding the W. Indies and the Gulf of Mexico of pirates then infesting them; cap turing their vessels, and destroying their strong holds. In com. of " The Warren," he cruised in the Levant in 1827 ; and such was his energy and activity, that the Greek pirates infesting those waters were driven away, their ships de stroyed, and their nests broken up. App. to com. the E.I. squad, in 1841, he secured from the Chinese authorities the recognition of our right to trade, and the same protection and facilities to our merchants as were about being granted by treaty to Great Britain. On his return home from China, he stopped at the Sandwich Islands in June, 1843, in time to protest against their transfer to the British crown, without reference to the rights or in terests of the U.S. He was afterward a mem ber of the lighthouse board, and of the N. J board of pilot commiss. Kearny, PHILIP, maj.-gen. vols., b. N.Y 502 IvEI City, June 2, 1815 ; killed in battle near Chan- tilly, Va., Sept. 1, 1862. Col. Coll. 1833. His great-grandfather, a native of Ireland, set tled in Monmouth Co., N. J., in 171 6. Bro. of Gen. S. W. Kearny. His mother was the dau. of the philanthropist, John Watts, founder of the Leake and Watts Orphan House. He stu died law, but at 22 accepted a lieutenancy in the 1st Dragoons. He was shortly after sent to Europe by the govt. to study and report upon the French cavalry tactics. He entered the Polytechnic School at Saumur; fought in the ranks of the chasseurs d Afrique as a vol. in Algeria; and returned home in 1840, with the cross of the legion of honor. He became 1st lieut. July, 1839 ; was aide to Gen. Scott from Dec. 1841 to Apr. 1844 ; capt. Dec. 1846 ; served under Gen. Scott through the Mexican campaign, winning the highest distinction by his bravery, and com. his regt. in the Valley of Mexico. He was brev. major for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847. In the attack on the San Antonio Gate of the city of Mexico, he lost his left arm. Ordered to Cal. he com. an cxped. against the Indians of the Columbia River ; resigned in Oct. 1851, and went to Europe, where he pursued his military studies. During the Italian war of 1859, he served as vol. aide on the staff of the French gen. Maurice ; was present at Magenta and Solferino, and received from the emperor a second decoration of the legion of honor. When our civil war broke out, he left Paris ; hastened to Washington ; was made brig-. -gen. of vols. just after the battle of Bull Run, dating from May 1 7 ; and com. a brigade of N. Jersey troops in Franklin s division. He was soon after pro moted to a division in Gen. Heintzelman sarmy corps, with which he served through the Pe ninsular campaign with disting. valor ; at Wil- liamsburg he won the day, and at Fair Oaks brought off his division in safety. During the 7 -days battles, he was ordered to leave his sick and wounded. He nevertheless brought off every man of them, and, covering the rear, iought his way through what ho considered an iil-judged movement. Made maj.-gen. of vols. July 4, 1862. His division was one of the first to re-enforce Gen. Pope, and was almost con- btautly engaged in the battles between the Rappahannock and Washington from Aug. 25 to Sept. 1. As a disciplinarian, he excelled; and his troops were enthusiastic in their ad miration of his bravery and military ability. Kearny, STEPHEN WATTS, brig.-gcn. U.S.A., b. Newark, N.J., Aug. 30, 1794 ; d. St. Louis, Oct. 31, 1848. Son of Col. Philip Kear ny, bro. of the preceding. Quitting his stu dies at Col. Coll., he entered the army, Mar. 12, 1812, as lieut. 13th Inf. ; disting. himself in the action at Queenstown Heights, Oct. 13, 1812; was made capt. in April, 1813 ; maj&r 3d Inf. May 1, 1829; lieut.-col. 1st Drags. March 4, 1833; col. July 4, 1836; brig.-gcn. June 30, 1846. At the commencement of the Mexican war he com. the Army of the West, which inarched to Cal., conquering New Mexico on its way. Having established a provisional govt. at Santa Fe , he proceeded to Cal., and fought the battle of San Pascual, Dec. 6, where he was twice wounded. He subsequently com. the sail ors and marines, and a detachment of dragoons, in the battles of San Gabriel and the Plains of Mesa, Jan. 8 and 9, 1847. He was gov. of Cal. from March to June, 1847, afterward joined the army in Mexico ; was military and civil gov. of Vera Cruz in March, 1848, and of the city of Mexico in May, 1848. He was brev. maj.-gen. for his services in New Mexico and Cal. in Aug. 1848. Author of a " Manual lor the Exercise and Manoeuvring of U.S. Dragoons," Wash ington, 1837 ; and " Organic Law," and " Laws for the Govt. of the Terr, of New Mexico," at Santa Fe, Sept. 22, 1846. Keating, WILLIAM II., prof, of mineralogy and chemistry in the U. of Pa.; was Geologist and historiographer to Maj. Long s second ex- pcd. Author of "Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter s River, &c., in 1823," Phila. 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. Keayne, CAPT. ROBERT, one of the found ers of Ms.; came over in 1635 ; d. Boston, Mar. 23, 1 656, a. 61 . A merchant-tailor by trade. He had considerable estate; encouraged and aided the plantation at Plymouth in 1624. Had be longed to the Hon. Art. Co. in London ; and in 1638 he was the principal in getting up, and was first commander of, the Ancient and Hon. Artillery Co., an organization which still sur vives. He was a liberal donor to Harv. Coll. He was frequently a representative between 1638 and 1649. He left a legacy for the estab lishment of a free school in Boston, which was probably the foundation of the Latin Gram mar School in Boston. See /us Will in Gen- eal. Rerj. vol. vi. Keene, LAURA, actress, b. Eng. 1830. She first played at Mad. Vestris s theatre, the Lyce um, Lond. ; in Oct. 1851, made her d&ut at the Olympic, as Pauline in the "Lady of Lyons ; " and in 1852 came to the U.S., playing at Wai- lack s, Sept. 20. In Nov. 1855, she opened the Varieties, and Nov. 18, 1856, a new theatre, known as the Olympic, of which she continued lessee and manageress until 1863. Oct. 18, 1858, she produced " Our American Cousin," which had an immense run. " The Seven Sis ters," brought out by her Nov. 26, 1860, ran 169 nights In 1868 she visited Eng., and after ward managed a travelling dramatic company ; d. Nov. 5, 1873. Broim s Amer. Stage. Keep, REV. JOHN, Cong, clergyman, b. Longmeadow, Ms., 20 Apr. 1781; d. Oberlin, O., 11 Feb. 1870. Y.C. 1802. Pastor at Bland- ford, Ms., 11 June, 1 SOS-May, 18-21 ; at Ho mer, N.Y., 1821-33; and in 1834 at Ohio City. Made a trustee of Oberlin Coll. in 1834, ho gave the casting vote admitting colored pupils to tfiat institution. He afterwards raised . 10..0( in Eng. for this coll.. and aided in raising for it an endowment of 8100,000. He was the last sur vivor of those ministers who in 1810 organized the A. B. C. F. M. Keim, GEX. WILLIAM HIGH, b. Reading, Pa., June 25, 1813; d. Harrisbunr, May 18, 1862. Educated at Mt. Airy Milit. Acad. Hard- ware merchant. Several years a militia gen. ; surveyor of the State 1859 ; M.C. 1858-9 ; maj.- gen. Patterson s division on the Upper Poto mac; made brig. -gen. U.S. Vols. 1861; com. a brigade in McClellan s army. Keimer, SAMUEL, originally one of the 503 French Prophets, subsequently a printer at Phiia., and the employer and friend of Frank lin. Author of " A Brand Plucked out of the Burning," case of Samuel Keimer, Lond., 12mo, 1718. See Franlclin s Autob., Allibone. Keith., GEORGE, Quaker, b. Aberdeen, Scot land; d. rector of Edburton, Sussex, Eng., ab. 1710. He was well educated, and came to East Jersey, where he was surveyor-gen., 1685-8. In 1689 he taught a school in Phila. After writing in favor of (Quakerism, defending it against the Mathers, and visiting N. Eng. in its interest, on his return in 1691 he established a sect of his own; his followers calling themselves Chris tian Quakers. He at length deserted the so ciety, officiated as an Epis. missionary one year in .N.Y. and Boston, and ab. 1706 repaired to Eng. lie had learning, talent, acuteness, and logical skill, but was irritable, overbearing, and virulent. He wrote much on the subject of Quakeri&m, both pro and con ; also Travels, loy J; "Journal of Travels from New Hamp shire to Caratuck," 1706; "New Theory of the Longitude," 1709. See Seivett s Hint, of the Quakers ; Proud a Penn; \Vkarton s Notes in Memoirs Hist. Soc. uf Pa., vol. i. Keith, ISAAC STOCKTON, D.D. (Phil. Coll. 1791), minister of Charleston, S.C., from 1788 to his d., Dec. 14, 1813 ; b. Bucks Co., Pa., Jan. 20, 1735. N. J. Coll. 1775. Minister of Alexandria 1778-88. He left $5,000 to his church, and $2,500 to the Gen. Assembly. A coil, of his sermons, addresses, &c., with a Me moir by Dr. Flinn, was pub. 1816. Keith, RE DEL, D.D., Pr.-Ep. clergyman, b. Pittstord, Vt., 1793; d. Sheldon, Vt., Sept. 3, 1842. Midd. Coll. 1814. He was for several years rector of a church in Georgetown, D.C., where he acquired a high reputation. He was in 1822-6 prof, of humanity and history in Wm. and M. Coll.; and afterwards of pulpit eloquence and pastoral duty in the Theol. Sem. of the Ep. Church in Va. Among his publica tions was a translation of "Heugsten berg s Christology," and a " Commentary on the Predictions of the Messiah," 3 vols. 8vo, 1836. Keith, SIR WILLIAM, gov. of Pa. 1717- 26 ; d. Eng. in poverty, Nov. 17, 1749, a. near SO. He had been surveyor-gen, of customs in America. He was a "desperate intriguer," a, ways courting the favor of the people, and making delusive promises to individuals, sink ing at length into contempt. He pub. " The li, story of the British Plantations in Ameri ca, Part 1., containing the History of Va.," 4to, 1 7^8 ; " Collection of Papers and Tracts," 1749, containing an Essay on Public Spirit, Dis course on the Present State of the Plantations in Brit. Amer., &c. See Franklin s Autobiog. Keitt, LAWRENCE M., Democ. politician, b.OrangeburgDist., S.C.,Oct.4, 1824; d. Rich mond, June 2, 1864, of wounds received in the battle of the preceding day. S.C. Coll. 1843. Adm. to practise law in 1*845 ; member State legisl. 1848; M.C. 1853-61. Member Confed. Congress ; col. 20th S.C. regt.; one of the first in the Conled. service ; afterward a brig.-gen. He a-ided Brooks in his attack on Senator Sumner in 1856. Kelley, WILLIAM DAKRAH, lawyer and politician, b. Phila. 12 Apr. 1814. Grandson of Major John, a Revol. officer of Salem Co., N.J. Losing his father at an early age, he learned the jewelry business, which he fol lowed in Boston in 1835-9, at the same time acquiring reputation as a writer and speaker. Returning to Phila. he was adm. to the bar 17 Apr. 1841 ; became conspicuous in the Democ. party; was atty.-gen. in 1845-6 ; judge C.C.P. 1846-56; and M.C. since 1861. Joined the Repub. party in 1854, when he made his first great Repub. address on " Slavery in the Territories." Author of many remarkable speeches and addresses, taking high rank as a political orator. Kellogg, CLARA LOUISE, vocalist, b. Surn- ter, S.C., 1842, of New-England .parents. Her early years were passed in Ct. In 1858 she resided in N.Y. City, where her mother was a clairvoyant doctor. Failure was the result of her first attempt on the stage; but by ceaseless study and effort she developed her powers, and on her re-appearance was tolerably successful. She made her debut at last in " Rigoletto," at the Acad. of Music, Feb. 27, 1861, and again failed. Her third effort was a success, and since that time her progress has been rapid. She found a friend in H. G. Stebbins of New York, who charged himself with the care and cost of her musical education. Her first real triumph was at N.Y. in 1864., as Margheritain " Faust," in which she appeared at London, Nov. 2, 1867, with complete success. In " Linda de Chamounix " her acting and sing ing, especially in the malediction scene, pro duced great applause. She has also won public approbation in " Martha," " II Bar- biere," " Don Giovanni," " Lucia," " La Tra- viata," and many other leading operas. Kellogg, EDWARD; d. Brooklyn, N. Y., Apr. 29, 1858, a. 68. Author of "Labor and other Capital," 8vo, N.Y., 1849. Kelly, JAMES MADISON, lawyer, b. Wash ington Co., Ga., Jan. 1795; d. Perry, Ga., Jan. 17, 1849. In early life he was in trade ; taught school ; and was a justice of the peace. Adm. to the bar in 1837, he was soon after a member of the legisl. ; and in Jan. 1846, reporter of the Sup. Ct. He pub. 5 vols. of Georgia Reports. Miller s Bench and Bar of Ga. Kelly, JOHN, many years editor of the Exeter jSews Letter, b. Warner, N.H., Mar. 7, 1786; d. Exeter, Nov. 3, 1860. Dartm. Coll. 1804. He practised law in Henniker and Northwood; member of the N. II. legisl.; clerk of the house in 1828 ; removed to Exeter in 1831 ; State councillor in 1846. Disting. as an antiquarian. Alumni D.C. Kelly, JONATHAN F., humorist, known as " Falcon bridge," " Jack Humphries," and " Stampede." Author of " Memoirs of Fal- conbridge, a Collection of Humorous Scenes," Phila. 1856. Kelly, ROBERT, LL.D. (Roch. U.), a use ful citizen of New York, b. 1809; d. 27 Apr. 1856. Col. Coll. 1827. He acquired wealth as a dry-goods merchant, and retired from business in 1836. A good classical scholar, he acquired the knowledge of 8 languages. Ap plying himself to the promotion of public edu cation and the amelioration of human misery 504 he T\ns pres. of the Board of Education, regent of the U. of N.Y., a founder of the N.Y. Free Acad., and pres. of the trustees of the House of Refuge. Keinble, FRANCES ANNE (Mrs. Butler), actress and authoress (niece of the celebrated Mrs. Siddons),b.Lond.,Nov.27,1809. Though a member of the most celebrated family of British actors, she manifested no predilection for the stage, but was induced by the embarrassed cir cumstances of her family to make her debut at Coven t Garden, then under the management of her father (Charles), Oct. 10, 1829. She played Juliet with complete success ; and for 3 years performed leading parts in tragedy and comedy with great applause, including that of Louise de Savoy in her own play of " Francis First," written when she was 17. She was the original representative of Julia in " The Hunchback." In 1832 she accomp. her father to the U. S., and was enthusiastically received in the chief cities. In 1834 she was m. to Pierce Butler of Phila. son of the senator of that name, and retired from the stage. They separated, from incompatibility of tastes and temperament, in 1845. She pub. "A Journal of a Residence in America," 2 vols. London, 1835; in 1837 a drama, "The Star of Seville;" and in 1 844 a coll. of her poems, a portion of which only had previously appeared. In 1846 she visited Italy; and in 1847 pub. an account of her tour, entitled " A Year of Consolation." In the winter of 1848-9 she commenced in Boston a series of Shakspearian readings, which drew crowded audiences, and during the next two years repeated the course in some of the principal American cities. In 1851 she returned to England ; re-appeared for a brief period on the stage; and, after giving readings in London and other cities, made another long Continental tour. In 1856 she returned to the U.S., and continued to give readings till Feb. 1860, when she took her farewell of the public at Boston. She again read in New York in Mar. 1868. In 1863 she pub. "Journal of a Residence on a Georgia Plantation." In 1863 she pub. in London a volume containing "An English Tragedy," by herself, and some trans lations. During the civil war she resided in England. Kemp, JAMES, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1802), Prot.-Ep. bishop of Md., b. Aberdeen shire, Scotland, in 1764 ; d. Baltimore, Oct. 28, 1827. Mareschal Coll., Aberdeen, 1786. He attended the divinity lectures of the celebrated Dr. Campbell. In Apr. 1787 he embarked for the U.S.; was two years a private tutor in Dor chester Co., Md., and was, Dec. 26, 1789, adm. to orders. In 1790 he became rector in the Great Choptauk Parish ; in 1813 assoc. rector of St. Paul s, Baltimore ; was consec. suffragan, Sept, 1, 1814; and in 1816, upon the death of Bishop Glagget, succeeded him as diocesan. Provost of the U. of Md. 1816-27. His death was occasioned by the upsetting of a stage coach. Kemp, JOHN, LL.D., prof, of mathem. in Col. Coll., b. Achlossan, Scotland, Apr. 10, 1763; d. Nov. 15, 1812. Mar. Coll. Abcrd. 1781. He was chosen a member of the Roy. Society of Edinb. before he was 21 ; came to Va. soon after; and, removing toN.Y., was in 1785 app. teacher of math. The next year he was app. prof., and in 1795 assumed the chair of geography, history, and chronology. Kemper, JACKSON, D.D., LL.D. (U. of Camb.), first miss, bishop of the Prot.-Epis. Church, b. Pleasant Valley, Duchess Co. N. Y., Dec. 24, 1 789 ; d. Delafield, Waukesha Co.. Wis., May 24, 1 870. Col. Coll. 1809. Deacon 1811 ; priest 1812. The first 20 years of his ministerial life were spent in Phila. Sept. 25, 1835, while rector of a church in Norwalk, Ct., he was consec. missionary bishop of Mo. and Ind., and was afterward transferred to Wi<., Iowa, Min., Kansas, and Nebraska. Elected bishop of Wis. 1854. He had an immense and thinly settled diocese ; and his long and frequent journeys were made on horseback, or in an open wagon. In 1868 he attended the General Council of Bishops in London. Kemper, JAMES, pres. of Walnut Hills Coll., Ohio; d. Aug. 29, 1834, a. 80. Kemper, JAMES LAWSON, maj.-gen. C.S.A., b. Madison Co., Va., Jan. 1824. Wash. Coll., Va., 1844. Lawyer; 10 years member of the Va. legisl. ; 2 years speaker; col. 7th Va. regt. 2 May, 1861 ; brig.-gen. May, 1862; maj.-gen. June, 1864. Fought at Bull Run, Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Fredericksburg ; desperately wounded and captured at Gettysburg, and dis abled from further service; gov. of Va. 1874. Kempt, SIR JAMES, gov. of Nova Scotia, 1820-8 ; gov. Canada 1828-30; b. Edinburgh 1765 ; d. London, Dec. 20, 1855. Ensign 101st Foot 1783; capt. 113th, 1794; served in Ire land and Holland ; lieut.-col. 1799 ; aide-de camp, and milit. sec. to Sir Ralph Abercrom- bie in Egypt in 1800; served through the Peninsular campaigns; maj.-gen. 1812; se verely wounded at Waterloo ; lieut.-gen. May 27, 1823; gen. 1841. Kendall, AMOS, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1849), politician and publicist, b. Dunstablc, Ms., Aug. 16, 1789; d. Washington, D.C., Nov. 12, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1811. Until the age of 16 he worked on his father s farm. Adm. to the bar; and in the spring of 1814 emig. to Lexington, Ivy. Here he resorted a while to teaching; and was for some months a tutor in the family of Henry Clay. Subse quently establishing himself in practice at Georgetown, he was app. postmaster, and edited the Anjus, a political newspaper, ably advocat ing the leading measures of the Democ. party. He was also one of the earliest friends of com mon schools in Ky., and succeeded in procuring the passing of an act to district the State and to provide a school-fund. He was a firm sup porter of Gen. Jackson, who in 1829 app. him 4th auditor of the treasury. In May, 1835, he was made postmaster-gen., and re-organized the dept., freeing it from the debt with which it had been embarrassed. He retired in June, 1840, and afterward devoted himself chiefly to his profession. In 1845 he undertook the en tire management of Prof. Morse s interest in the Electro-Magnetic Telegraph. He founded anJ was first pres. of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum in Washington, D.C.,and was a liberal benefac tor of the Baptist Church there. For some 505 years he was pres. of the Trustees of Col. Coll., D.C., in which he had endowed several scholarships. He left in MS. a history of his " Life and Times." Author of a " Life of Andrew Jackson," begun in 1843, but not com pleted. Antobioq. of Amos Kendall, 1872. Kendall, GEORGE WILKIXS, journalist and author, b. Amherst, N.H., 1807 ; d. Post Oak Spring, near Bowie, Texas, Oct. 21, 1867. A printer by trade. He travelled extensively through the Southern and Western States, working at his trade as a journeyman. He went from N.Y. toN. Orleans in 1835, and es tablished there, Jan. 27, 1837, in partnership with F. A. Lumsden, the Picayune, a daily newspaper, which became a leading Southern journal. He joined the Santa Fe exped. in 1841, of which he pub. an account, embracing his own captivity and sufferings in Mexico, en titled " Narrative of the Texan Santa Fe Ex pedition," 2 vols. 1844. Accompanying the forces under Taylor and Scott, he witnessed the chief conflicts of the Mexican war. By means of pony expresses and steamers, he sup plied his newspaper regularly with the earliest and fullest intelligence of the movements and battles of the contending armies, even sup plying govt. with advices in advance of its official despatches. On one of these occasions he chartered a steamer at an expense of $5,000. He afterward passed two years in Europe, super intending the pub. of a costly illustrated work on the war, which appeared in 1851 in a folio vol. In 1862 he established a large grazing farm near New Braunfels, in Comal Co., Cen tral Texas, where he resided, after retiring from the management of the Picayune. N. Y. Internal. Maq, iii. 145. Kendal, SAMUEL, D.D. (Y.C. 1806), min ister of Weston, Ms., from Nov. 5, 1785, to his death, Feb. 16, 1814; b. Sherburne, Ms., July 11, 1753. H.U. 1782. His ancestor Francis lived in Woburn, in 1647. A vol. of his ser mons was pub. after his death. Col. Cent. Feb. 26. 1814. Kendrick, ASAHEL CLARK, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1848), a Baptist clergyman, and Greek Scholar, b. Poultney, Vt., Dec. 7, 1809. Ham. Coll. 1831. He taught two years in the acad. at Hamilton, N.Y. ; in 183l"was tutor in the literary and theol. inst. there ; and in 1832 was made prof, of Greek and Latin. He remained prof, of Greek till 1850, when, on the estab lishment of the U. of Rochester, he was called to the Greek professorship, where he still re mains. In 1852-4 he visited Europe. Besides numerous contribs. to magazines and reviews, he has pub. sermons ; memoirs ; a vol. of poems entitled Echoes," translated from the Ger man ; ana several Greek text-books; a Memoir of Mrs. E. C. Judson, 1860, Life of Rev. L. W. Peck; and has revised Olshausen s " Com mentary on the New Testament." Kendrick, JOHN*, navigator, b. Boston ; killed in the roadstead of Hawaii in 1800. A resident of Wareham, Ms., commis. 1st lieut. brig "Rising Empire" by the State of Ms., June 22, 1776, and subseq. com. a privateer during the Revol. war ; was of an adventurous spirit, and was one of the first of Amer. seamen to undertake useful voyages of discovery. In Aug. 1787, commanding " The Columbia" and the sloop " Washington," fitted out by Boston merchants, he explored the north-west coast of America and the islands of the Pacific. Ex changing ships with Capt. Gray, his second in com., the latter, in a subseq. voyage, discovered the Columbia River. In 1791 Kendrick, in company with Douglas, in the brigs " Washing ton " and " Grace," made another voyage to the South Seas. He visited Oceanica; originated and carried on a successful trade in sandal-wood with China; and was in the harbor of Hawaii, when an English capt., replying to his salute, discharged a cannon loaded with grape. Ken drick and two of his men were killed. Kendrick, NATHANIEL, D.D. (B.U.I 823), Baptist clergyman^ b. Hanover, N.H., Apr. 22, 1777 ; d. Sept. 11, 1848. Until the age of 20, he worked on his father s farm. Licensed to preach in 1803, he labored a year at Bellingham, Ms.; was pastor at Lansingburg, N.Y., in 1 805- 10, at Middlebury, Vt., in 1810-17, when he became pastor at Eaton, N.Y. Prof, of theol ogy and moral philosophy in the institution (now Madison U.) at Hamilton, from 1822 to his death. He was injured by a fall in 1845, and suffered greatly till he d. See Memoir by his Son-in-Laiv, Rev. S. W. Adams, D.D. Kennedy, ARCHIBALD, succeeded to the earldom of Cassilis in 1792; d. Dec. 29, 1794. Made capt. R.N. Apr. 4, 1757; receiver-gen. of N. Y. Author of " Importance of the Northern Colonies," N.Y., 8vo, 1749 ; " Pres ent State of the Northern Colonies," Svo, 1754. He m. Anne, dau. of John Watts of N.Y. In Dec. 1763 he com. " The Blonde," 32, and af terward " The Coventry," at N.Y. In 1760, as capt. of" The Flamborough," he greatly dis- ting. himself in an action with a French frigate of superior force. Kennedy, EDMUND PENDLETON, capt. U.S.N., b. Md. 1780; d. Norfolk, Va., Mar. 28, 1844. Midshipm. Nov. 22, 1805; lieut. June 9, 1810 ; master-coin. Mar. 5, 1817 ; capt. Apr. 24, 1828. Kennedy, JOHN PENDLETOX, LL.D. (H. U. 1863), author and politician, b. Balti more, 25 Oct. 1795; d. Newport, R.I., 18 Aug. 1870. Balr. Coll. 1812. In 1814 he was a vol. in the battles of Biadensburg and North Point ; practised law in Baltimore from 1816 to 1838; was M.C. in 1837-9 and 1841-5, and a promi nent leader in the Whig party ; member of the Md. house of delegates in 1820 and 1822, and speaker in 1846 ; and was sec. U. S. navy in 1852. In 1831 he was a delegate to the Con vention of Friends of the Man uf. Interest held in N. York ; and was one of a com. to draught an address advocating a protective policy. He commenced his literary career by the publica tion, in fortnightly numbers, of the " Red Book " in 1818-19. Among his various speeches, re ports, addresses, &c., are " A Review of the Cambridge Free-Trade Report, by Mephis- tophiles," 1830; " Report on U. S. Commerce and Navigation," 1842, and on the "Ware house System," 1 843 ; " Defence of the Whigs," 1844; also author of the novels. "Swallow Barn," 1832 ; " Horse-Shoe Robinson," 1835 ; " Rob of the Bowl," 1838, and " Quod Libet," 1840 ; of " Memoirs of Wm. Wirt," 1849 ; and KEN 506 KEN manv hist and literary essays, reviews, c. Se? Life by II. T. Tuc kerman, 8vo, 1871. Kennedy, WILLIAM, private sec. to Earl Durham in Canada, and formerly Brit, consul at Texas. Author of " Poems," and of " The Rise, Progress, and Prospects of the Republic of Texas,"" 2 vols. 8vo, 1841 ; also "Texas, its Geog., Nat. Hist., and Topog.," 8vo, 1844 ; " Sec.Voy. in Search of Sir J. Franklin," 1853. Kennon, BEVERLY, capt. U.S.N.; killed by the bursting of a cannon on board the steamer " Princeton," Feb. 28, 1844. Midshipm. May 18, 1S09; lieut. July 24, 1813 ; com. Apr. 24/1828; capt. Feb. 19, 1837; chief of the bureau of construction, &c. Kenrick, FRANCIS PATRICK, D.D., R. C. arciibp. of Baltimore, b. Dublin, Dec. 3, 1797 ; d. Baltimore, July 8, 1863. He received a clas sical education, and after 6 years of theol. study at Rome in 1821 was ord. priest. He then came to the U.S., and conducted for 9 years an eccle siastical sem. at Bardstown, Ky. In 1828 he pub. " Letters of Omicron to Omega," in reply to Rev. Dr. Blackburn s attack on the Roman Cath. doctrine of the Eucharist. June 6, 1830, he wasconsec. bishop of Arath, and co-adjutor to Bishop Comvell of Phila., whom he succeeded in 1 842. During his episcopate in 1 844 the anti- Catholic riots occurred in Phila., and he made every effort to calm the agitation of both par ties. He founded the Theol. Sem. of St. Charles Borromeo in Phila. Aug. 19, 1851, he succeed ed Eccleston as archbishop of Baltimore. The pope named him "apostolic delegate" to pre side over the first plenary council of the U.S., convened at Baltimore in May, 1852, and in 1859 conferred on him and his successors the " primacy of honor " in the U.S. In 1839-40 he pub. " Theologia Dogmatica," 4 vols.; in 1841 -3 "Theologia Moral is," 3 vols.; in 1837 a series of letters " on the Primacy of the Ho ly See," subsequently enlarged, and reprinted as " The Primacy of the Apostolic See Vindi cated," 1845 ; " Four Sermons preached in the Cathedral at Bardstown," 1829; "The Cath. Doctrine on Justification Explained and Vin dicated," 1841 ; " Treatise on Baptism," 1843; and " Vindication of the Catholic Church," in reply to Bishop Hopkins s " End of Contro versy Controverted," 1855. The article "Ro man Catholic Church," in Appleton s Cyclo pedia, was from his pen. He was latterly en gaged upon a revised English translation of the Scriptures, intended to supersede the Douay version ; and had already pub. the New Testament and several portions of the Old. Kenrick, PETER RICHARD, D.D., R. C. archbishop of St. Louis, bro. ofF. P., b. Dub lin, 1806. Educated at Maynooth, where he was prefect. Ord. priest in Ireland, and came to Phila. while his bro. was co-adjutor. Here he had charge of the Catholic Herald; wrote a number of translations and original works ; and was made vicar-gen. Nov. 30, 1841, he was consec. bishop of Drasa and co-adjutor of Bish op Rosati of St. Louis, whom he succeeded in 1 843. In 1 847 he became the first archbishop of th-at city, the environs of which he has adorned with one of the finest cemeteries in the world. He has pub. " The Holy House of Loretto," Anglican Ordinations," and some translations. Kensett, JOHX FREDERICK, artist, b Cheshire, Ct,, Mar. 22, 1818. He studied en graving in N. York, and for several years exe cuted vignettes for bank-notes. In 1840 he visited Eng. ; and in the spring of 1845 he ex hibited in the Roy. Acad. Lond. his first pic ture, a " View of Windsor Castle." He next spent two winters in Rome. His " View on the Arno " and " Shrine," exhibited at the Acad. of Design in N. Y. in 1848, established his reputation. Since his return in 1847 he has resided in New York, in the practice of his art. Among his most popular works are " Vie\v of Mt. Washington from N. Conway," 1849 ; "Franconia Mountains," 1853; " October Day in the White Mountains," 1855 ; " Hudson River from Fort Putnam," 1856; " Falls of the Bashpish; " " Sunset on the Coast," 1858; " Lake George ; " " Ulswater ; " " Noon on the Sea-shore ; " " Adirondacks ; " " Niagara ; " " Housatonic Valley ; " " Coast Scenery ; " &c. In 1859 he was app. a member of the Na tional Art Commission, having the direction of the ornamentation of the Capitol at Washing ton, and the superintendence of the works de posited there. In 1848 he was elected an asso ciate, and in 1849 a member, of the National Acad. of Design ; d. N. Y. City, Dec. 14, 1872. Kent, EDWARD, LL.D. (Wat. Coll. 1855), jurist, b. Concord, N.H., Jan. 8, 1802. H. U. 1821. He studied law; attended a course of law lectures by Chancellor Kent in N.Y. City ; settled in practice at Bangor, Me., in 1825 ; and at once took high rank in the profession. In 1827 he was app. chief justice of the Court of Sessions for Penobscot Co.; and from 1829 to 1833 was a member of the legisl. He was af terward mayor of Bangor 2 years, and was gov. in 1838 and 40. In 1843 "he was app. by the legisl. one of the commiss. for settling the Me. boundary-line under the Ashburton Treaty. In 1848 he was a delegate to the convention which nominated Gen. Taylor, upon whose accession to the presidency Gov. Kent was app. consul at Rio de Janeiro. In the spring of 1 854 he re turned to Bangor, and resumed his practice. 1859-73 was associate justice of the Supreme Court ; d. Bangor, May 19, 1877. Kent, JAMES, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1797), jurist, b. Philippi, Putnam Co., N.Y., 31 July, 1763; d. N.Y. City, 12 Dec. 1847. Y. C. 1781. Moss Kent (his father) was surrogate of Rensselaer Co. James studied law with Egbert Benson ; was adm. to the bar in 1787 ; began practice at Poughkeepsie ; was a mem ber of the legisl. in 1790 and 92; and, remov ing to New York, in 1793 became prof, of law in Col. Coll. Counselled by Hamilton, he directed his attention to the doctrines of the civil law, in which he was deeply read. App. master in chancery, and elected to the legisl. in 1796; city recorder in 1797 ; judge of the Su preme Court in 1798; chief justice in July, 1804; and chancellor from Feb. 1814, to 31 July, 1823. In 1822 he represented Albany Co. in the State Const. Conv., of which ha was a disting. member. App. law prof, in Col. Coll. in 1824, his lectures delivered there form the basis of his celebrated commentaries on the U.S. Constitution, pub. in 4 vols. 1826-30. He was not only an eminent jurist, but was one u KEN" 507 the first legal writers of his time. In 1836 he wrote and pub., at the request of the common council of New York, a compendious treatise on the city charter and the powers of the municipal officers. The latter part of his life was passed in enlarging and correcting his " Commentaries," and in giving opinions on legal subjects. Made pres. of the N.Y. Hist. Soc. in 1828. His decisions in law and equity are preserved in the Reports of Caines and Johnson. His son WILLIAM, an eminent law yer (1802-4 Jan. 1861), was some years judge of the N.Y. Circuit Court, and prof, of law at H.U. 1846-7. Moss KENT, his bro., was M.C. in 1813-17. Kent, JOSEPH, physician and statesman, b. Calvert Co., Md., Jan. 14, 1779; d. near Bladensburg, Md., Nov. 24, 1837. He was educated as a physician, and combined the practice of his profession with the successful pursuit of agriculture, first in Calvert Co., and after 1806 in Prince George Co. He was an M.C. in 1811-15 and in 1821-6; gov. of Md. in 1826-9 ; and a U.S. senator in 1833-7. Kenton, GEN. SIMON, Western pioneer, b. Fauquier Co., Va., April 3, 1755; d. Logan Co., 0., April 29, 1836. His father was Irish, his mother Scotch. At the age of 16 he had an affray with a successful rival in love; and, supposing he had killed him, he fled to the wilderness west of the Alleghanies, where, dur ing the conflicts with the Indians in the Revol. war, he performed many daring feats, and was the friend and companion of Boone. He was with Major Clarke at the surprise of Kaskaskia in 1778; was soon after captured by the In dians, and saved from death at their hands by the renegade Simon Girty. Escaping from the British prison at Detroit in July, 1779, he dis- ting. himself during the invasion of Ky. by the British and Indians in that year, leading an active and numerous company from Harrod s Station, who drove out the invaders. After leading a successful exped. against the maraud ing Indians on the Great Miami, he in July, 1784, settled near Maysville. In 1793-4 he was major, com. a batt. of Ky. vols. under Gen. Wayne. Beggared by lawsuits from a defec tive land-title, and from losses, in 1802 he be came landless; settled on Mad River, Ohio; be came a brig.-gen. in 1805; and in 1813 served un der Shelby in the battle of the Thames. In 1 824 he appeared in Frankfort in tattered garments to petition the legisl. of Ky. to release the claim of the State upon some land owned by him. His appearance at first excited ridicule ; but, on being recognized, he was treated with much dis tinction, and his lands released. Congress subsequently gave him a pension. Collins s Ky. Kenyon, WILLIAM ASBURY, a native of Hingham, Ms., who taught school in Illinois, and travelled widely in the Mpi. Valley. Pub. in Jan. 1845 "Miscellaneous Poems," &c., the first vol. of poems printed in Illinois. " Several of them pleasantly satirize backwoods customs, but with more truth than poetry." Poets and Poetry of the West. Ker, JOHN, b. Boston, Ms., ab. 1785. Author of " Travels through the U. S. and Mexico in 1808-1 6," 8vo, Elizabethtown, N.J., 1816. Removed at an early age with his father to London, and educated at Westminster School. Ker found a tribe of Indians near the Red River, from whose language and customs he inferred a Welsh origin, and whom he sup posed descended from Madoc, the Welsh prince, who in the 12th century, sailing due west from Wales, discovered an unknown country, and who never returned from his 3d voyage. Kerfoot, JOHN BARRETT, D. D. (Col. Coll. 1850), LL.D. Rector St. James Coll. Md. ; pres. Trin. Coll. 1864-5; consec. bishop of Pittsburg, Jan. 25, 1866. Kerlerec, gov. of La. Feb. 9, 1753, to June, 1763, when he returned to France, and was thrown into the Bastile, on a charge of peculation. He was a capt. in the French navy; had been 25 years in active service; was in four general engagements ; and had received several wounds. Gayarrtf. Kerney, MARTIN J., author and editor, b. Frederick Co., Md., 1819 ; d. Baltimore, Mar. 16, 1861. After conducting an acad. in Bait., he became a lawyer, and continued in practice till his death. Member of the legisl. of Md. in 1852. He edited the Metropolitan Magazine 4 years ; compiled the Catholic Almanac for 1860-1 ; and wrote a number of school-books, among them a " Compendium of History." Kershaw, J. B., maj.-gen. Confed. army, b. S.C. Raised the 2d S.C. regt., and disting. at Bull Run. Made brig.-gen. 13 Feb. 1862; maj.-gen. 1864; com. a brigade in McLaw s division, and engaged in the Peninsular battles with McClellan ; at the second Bull Run, An- tietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg; com. a brig, of Longstreet s corps at Chickamauga; and was in the attack on Knoxville, and the battles of the Wilderness ; and surrendered with Lee in Apr. 1865, having com. a division in the corps of Longstreet after Knoxville. Kertk, ADMIRAL SIR DAVID, com. of a successful exped. against Canada; had been a master-mariner at Dieppe, France, but en tered the English naval service in the reign of Charles I. Placed in charge of a formidable force, and accomp. by his two brothers, he ar rived at Tadoussac in midsummer, 1628, and after destroying the stores, &c., sent a sum mons to Champlain to surrender, which was refused. Kertk, thinking Quebec strongly for tified, after capturing a French convoy on its way to Quebec, went home. In July, 1629, he returned, again demanded a surrender ; and Champlain, being weaker than ever, capitulated. Kertk, leaving his bro. Lewis in com. of the city, proceeded to Eng., taking Champlain and others with him as prisoners of war. He after ward captured Cape Breton, which was re captured by Capt. Daniel. These events took place two months after peace had been con cluded between France and England, and were not recognized by either nation. As late as 1645 he was on the coast of Newfoundland. Morgan. Ketchum. WILLIAM SCOTT, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. Norwalk, Ct., July 7, 1813; d. by poison. Bait., 28 June, 1871. "West Point. 1834. His father, Major Daniel, disting. 1 urn- self at the battle of Niagara, July 25, 1814 ; d, KEX 508 IvID Jefferson Barracks, Aug. 30, 1828. Wm. S. en tered the 6th Inf., was made 1st lieut. 25 Dec. 1837 ; assist, quarterm. (rank of capt.) 28 Feb. 1839; capt. 10 Feb. 1842; major (4th Inf.) 5 June, 1860; lieut.-col. (10th Inf.) Nov. 1, 1861 ; col. (llth Inf.) 6 May, 1864. He served in Florida from 1838 to 1842 ; joined Gen. Tay lor at Corpus Christi, Texas, in 1845; com. at Fort Laramie from Sept. 1850, to July, 1855; afterward served against the Indians ; was on duty in Kansas in 1857-3; then marched with his regiment to Utah, and thence to Cal. He afterward com. various posts in the dept. of the Pacific. Feb. 3, 1862, he was made brig.-gen. vols. ; was acting insp.-gen. in the West 1861- 2 ; and 13 Mar. 1865 was brev. brig.-gen. for merit, services during the Rebellion, and maj.- gen, for merit, services in the war dept. ; re tired July, 1870. Cullum. Kettell, SAMUEL, editor, b. Newburyport, Aug. 5, 1800; d. Maiden, Ms., Dec. 3, 1855. Engaging early in literary pursuits, he assisted Mr. Goodrich in preparing the Peter Parley books, one of which he translated into modern Greek while on a voyage to Malta ; and it was pub. in that language. He also pub. a coll. of " Specimens of American Poetry," 3 vols. I2mo, 1829 ; " Personal Narrative of the First Voyage of Columbus," 1827 ; " Records of the Span. Inquisition," 1828 ; and many clever pa pers in the periodicals of the day. Was an accomplished linguist ; and, self-taught, mas tered, as is said, 14 languages. Having been a frequent contrib. to the Boston Courier, he be came principal editor on the retirement of Mr. Buckingham, in 1848, and conducted it with vigor and ability until his death. Member of the legisl. in 1851-3. Boston Courier, Dec. 8, 1855. Key, FRANCIS SCOTT, lawyer and poet, b. Frederick Co., Md., Aug. 1, 1779; d. Balti more, Jan. 11, 1843. Son of John Ross Key, Revol. officer, who d. Frederick Co., Md., Oct. 12, 1821. Educated at St. John s Coll., and studied law at Annapolis, in the office of his uncle Philip B. Key. In 1801 he com menced practice at Fredericktown, but in a few years removed to Washington, D.C., where he was dist. atty. The " Star-Spangled Ban ner," our national lyric, was suggested and partially written while the author was de tained in the British fleet, during the bombard ment of Ft. McHenry, near Baltimore. A posthumous coll. of his miscellaneous poems was pub. N.Y. 1857. Keyes, ERASMUS DARWIN, maj.-gen. vols., b. Sturbridge, Ms., May 29, 1811. West Point, 1832. He removed to Kennebec Co., Me., in early youth; entered the 3d Art.; was made 1st lieut. in 1836 ; assist, adj. -gen. (rank of capt.) in 1838; capt. Nov. 1841 ; and instr. of art. and cav. at the Milit. Acad. from July, 1844, to Dec. 1848. Afterward ordered to the north west, he com. a batt. of art., and was highly disting. in the operations against the Indians of Puget s Sound in 1856, and N. of Snake River, Washington Terr, in Sept. 1858 ; maj. 1st Art. 12 Oct. 1858; and col. llth Inf. 14 May, 1861. At the battle of Bull Run he com. the 1st brig, in Tyler s division; brig.-gen. of vols. dating from May 17 ; and in Feb. 1862 took com. of the 4th corps of the Army cf the Potomac. He was actively engaged in the bat tles of the Peninsular campaign ; and for gal lant conduct was made maj.-gen. of vols. 5 May, and brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., to date from May 31, the day of the battle of Fair Oaks. He was afterward stationed with a division at Yorktown, Va. ; was engaged in an exped. to West Point, Va., 7 May, 1863, and under Gen. Dix towards Richmond, June-July, 1863; re signed 6 May, 1864. Cullum. Kidd, WILLIAM, a noted pirate, executed at Lond. 24 May, 1701. Son of John, a Scot tish Nonconformist minister, who suffered tor ture by the boot, dying 14 Aug. 1679. Wm. followed the sea from his youth; and ab. 1695 was known as one of the boldest and most suc cessful shipmasters that sailed from N.Y. In May, 1691, the N.Y. council awarded him 150 for service to the Colony. Receiving from Wm. III. a commiss. as capt. of " The Adven ture," galley of 30 guns, for the suppression of piracy, he sailed from Plymouth, Eng., in Apr. 1696, but, turning pirate himself, returned in 1698 with a large booty to N.Y. The Earl of Bellomont caused him to be arrested, and sent to Eng. for trial. The charge of piracy seems not to have been proved; but, on the charge of having killed one of his crew named Moore, he was convicted after a grossly unfair trial, and hanged. See Cotton Mather s Brief Relation of Patient and Joyful Sufferings; Hist. Sketch of Robin Hood and Capt. Kidd, by W. W. Camp bell, 1853; "Full Account of the Proceedings in Relation to," frc., Lond., 4to, 1701. Kidder, DANIEL PARISH, D. D. (McK. Coll. 1851), Meth. minister and author, b. Da- rien, Genesee Co., N.Y., Oct. 18, 1815. Wesl. U. 1836. Entering the Genesee conf. he was in 1837-40 missionary to Rio de Janeiro, and travelled through Brazil, from San Paulo to the mouth of the Amazon ; stationed at Pater- son, N. J., in 1841, at Trenton, 1843. App. in 1844 editor of the pubs, of the M. E. Church, and corresp. sec. of the S. S. Unron, contin uing 12 years; travelled in Europe in 1852- 3 ; prof, of theology in the Garrett Inst., Ev- anston, 111., 1856-71. Has pub. " Mormon- ism and the Mormons," 1842; "Sketches of Residence and Travel in Brazil," 2 vols. 1845; "Brazil and the Brazilians " (with J. C. Fletcher), 8vo, 1857; and edited the Sunday School Advocate and some 800 Sunday-school books, &c. He also translated from the Portu guese a tract advocating the abolition of cler ical celibacy, by Feijo, 18mo, 1844. Kidder, FREDERIC, historical writer, b. New Ipswich, N.H., 16 Apr. 1804. Educated at an acad. in N. I. At 17 he entered a store in Boston; afterwards spent 10 years in mercantile business at the South, and, returning to Boston, established himself in the Southern commiss. business. He resides at Melrose, Ms. Mem ber of the N. E. H. and Geneal. Soc., to whose Register he has contrib., having specially studied the hist, and language of the N.E. Indians. Au thor of "The Abenaki Indians," c., 1859; " Exped. of Capt. Lovewell," 1865 ; " Eastern Me. and Nova Scotia in the Revol.," 1867; " Hist. 1st N. H. Regt. in the Revol.," 1868 ; " The Boston Massacre," &c., 1870; with Dr. KTD 509 A. A. Gould, " Hist, of New Ipswich, N.H.," 1852. Now preparing a Hist, of Acadia. Kidney, JOHN STEINFORT, Ep. clergyman and poet, b. Essex Co., N. J., 1819, where his ancestors had lived for 150 years. He was ed ucated partly at Un. Coll., and studied law before entering the Church through the course of instruction of the Gen. Theol. Sera. He has officiated in N.C., in Salem, N. J., *nd Saratoga Springs, N.Y. His "Catawba River and other Poems " was pub. in 1847. Duijc- kinck. Kiernan, GEN. JAMES L., M.D. (U. of N.Y.). physician ; d. N.Y., Nov. 27, 1869, a. ab. 33. When the civil war began, he was editor of the Medical Press, and prof, in the public schools of that city. Entering the service as a surgeon, he was with Fremont in Mo., and at the bat tle of Pea Ridge; and was surgeon 6th Mo., Cav. until May, 1863, when he resigned on ac count of wounds received near Port Gibson, where he was captured, but soon after escaped. Brig.-gen. vols. Aug. 3, 1863. After the war, he was U. S. consul at Chin Kiang. Kilbourne, JAMES, a pioneer of Ohio, b. Farmington, Ct., Oct. 19, 1770; d. Worthing- tou, 0., Apr. 9, 1850. Thomas Kilborne, from whom are descended all bearing the name in this country, emig. from Eng. in 1635, and settled in Wethersfield. James became a suc cessful mechanic, a merchant, and finally a manuf. ; was always ready to aid in establish ing public libraries, literaiy debating societies, and in public improvements; and, having been adm. in 1800 to deacon s orders, occasionally officiated as a clergyman. In 1802 he origi nated and organized the " Scioto Company," and led in person a band of emigrants to Cen tral Ohio. He named their settlement Worth- ington, and lived to see it a flourishing com munity. He was app. col. of the frontier regt. ; was M.C. from 1813 to 1817 and in 1839-41 ; was often a member of the State legisl. ; was U.S. surv. of public lands for the N. W. Terr. ; was app. by Congress commiss. to settle the boundary-line between the public lands and the great Va. reservation; in 1806 was one of the first trustees of Ohio Coll. at Athens ; in 1808 was app. by the legisl. one of the 3 commiss. to locate the seat of the Miami U. ; in 1812 was elected pres. of the board of trustees of Worth- ington Coll. He was the first to propose dona tions of lands to actual settlers in the N. W. Terr., and, as chairman of a select committee, he drew up and presented a bill for that pur pose. JAMES his son, prof, in the Eel. Med. Inst. of Cincin., d. there 30 May, 1845. See Kilbourne Family. Kilbourne, JOHN, author and pub., b. Ber lin, Ct., Aug. 7, 1787 ; d. Columbus, O., Mar. 12, 1831. Vt. U. 1810. He was some years principal of Worthington Coll., Ohio ; but, re linquishing this situation, he became a book seller and pub. in Columbus. He pub a Map of Ohio ; a vol. entitled " Public Documents concerning the Ohio Canals," Columbus, 8vo, 1832 ; a School Geography ; " and a " Gazet teer of Ohio," 1816, which in 1833 was amended, enlarged, and republished. Kilbourne, PAYNE KENYON, writer, b. Litchfield, Ct., July 26, 1815; d. July 19, 1859. A printer by trade. He assisted in the publica tion of a literary paper in Haitford, Ct., and subsequently purchased the Litchfield Inquirer, which he conducted from 1845 to 1853. In 1843 he pub. "The Skeptic and other Poems;" in 1845 a " History of the Kilbourn Family ; " in 1851 a " Biog." History of the County of Litchfield;" and in 1859 a "History of Litch field," which was not only written but put in type entirely by himself. In 1857 he was pri vate sec. of Gov. Holley of Ct. He was a writer of superior abilities, both in poetry and prose, and an enthusiastic student of history. N. E. Hist, and Gen. Reg. xiii. 373. Kilby, THOMAS, poet, king s commission er at Louisburg ; d. there Aug. 23, 1746. H.U. 1 723. He was Grand Master of Masons, as well as a scholar and a wit. His satire upon the Land Bank, though of a local character, is still read with pleasure. Killen, WILLIAM, jurist, b. Ireland, 1722; d. Dover, Del., Oct. 3, 1805. He came at 15 to America, with a good English education ; settled in the family of Samuel, father of John Dickinson, and studied Greek and Latin, soon attaining proficiency. He was some years Co. surveyor; studied law; and soon had extensive practice, especially in land-suits. For many years he was a representative in the Del. Assem bly. He took an active part in the Revol. con test ; was first chief justice of the Sup. Court of Del. from 1776 to 1793 ; and chancellor of the State from 1793 till 1801. N. Y. Spect. Oct. 22, 1805. Kilner, THOMAS, actor, b. Lancashire, Eng., 1777 ; d. on his farm near Wilmington, Ind., Jan. 2, 1862. An actor of repute in the Prov. circuits of Eng. ; first app. at the Park, N. Y., in 1815 ; in 1821 became a lessee of the Federal-st. theatre, Boston, where (Sept. 28) he first app. as Sir Anthony Absolute. He became at once popular, being excellent in old men. " Old Tom," as he was always called, retired from the stage in 1831. Brown s Amer. Stage. Kilpatrick, JDDSON, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. near Dickertown, N.J., 14 Jan. 1836. West Point, 1861. Entering the 1st Art., he was wounded at Big Bethel, Va., 10 June, 1861 ; lieut.-col. and aide-de-camp 29 Jan. 1862; lieut- col. 2d N.Y. Cav. 25 Sept. 1861 ; engaged in various skirmishes in Va. and in battle of Ma- nassas 29-30 Aug. 1862 ; col. 2d N.Y. Cav. 6 Dec. 1862; com. cav. brigade in " Stoneman s Raid," Apr. 1863 ; com. in action of Aldie, for which brev. maj. 17 June, 1863; brev. lieut.- col. 3 July, 1863, for Gettysburg; com. cav. division, Army of Potomac, and in frequent engagements from 4 Aug. 1863 to 15 Apr. 1864; com. 3d Cav. division, Army of the Cumberland, in invasion of Ga. ; and en gaged at Ringgold and at Resaca, 13 May, 1864, when severely wounded, and brev. col. ; in the " march to the sea/ and invasions of the Carolinas ; and engaged in many actions and skirmishes ; capt. 1st Art. 30 Nov. 1864 ; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for capture of Fayette- ville, N.C., and maj.-gen. U.S.A. for campaign in the Carolinas, and maj.-gen. vols. 18 June, 1865. Envoy-extr. and minis, to Chili 1865 to Aug. 1, 1870. He is an effective political speaker. 510 Kilty, AUGUSTUS H., commo. U.S.N., b. Mil. Midshipm. July 4, 1821 ; lieut. Sept. 6, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. (retired list) July 25, 1866 . In 1861-2 he com. the gunboat " Mound City," of the Mpi. flotilla, and was with Foote in near ly all of his actions with the enemy; in June, 1*862, he com. an expcd. to White River, Ark., and captured Fort St. Charles, June 17 (in this action he lost an arm); com. iron-clad "Roa- noke," N. Atl. squad., 1864-5; commandant Norfolk navy -yard 1867-70. Kirnball, DANIEL, founder of Union Acad., Plainfield, N.H., to which he gave about $25,000 ; d. March, 1817, a. 63. Kiinball, HEBER C., a leading Mormon, b. 1801; d. Salt Lake, June 22,_1868. He was converted to Mormonism in 1832 at Kirtland, O., at the same time with Brigham Young. In 1835 he was ord. one of the 12 apostles; and in 1837 was sent with Orson Hyde as a missionary to Eng. On his return in 1838, he joined the Mormons of Ray County, Mo., and shared their persecutions and expul sions from that State and 111. Arriving at Salt Lake in the autumn of 1846, he was made the head priest of the order of Melchisedec. He, with Young and Daniel C. Wells, formed the first triumvirate to preside over and govern the whole church. Young was accustomed to speak of Kimball as the model saint. He was uneducated, coarse, and disgusting as a speak er ; full of low cunning, and unrelenting in his vengeance. Kimball, INCREASE, inventor of the first machine for making cut-nails ; d. Hanover, N.H., Sept. 16, 1856, a. 80. His invention, patented in 1806, was of no use to him, as he would not sell his right. He subsequently seemed deranged. Kimball, JOSEPH HORACE ; d. Pembroke, N.H., Apr. 11, 1838. He edited at Concord the Herald of Freedom ; visited the W. Indies with J. A. Thorne ; and pub. " Emancipation in the West Indies," "A Six Months Tour," &c. Kimball, RICHARD BURLEIGH, author, b. Plainfield, N.H., Oct. 11, 1816. Dartm. Coll. 1834. After one year s study of law he travelled in Great Britain and Germany, and resided some time in Paris, where he attended the lectures of the most eminent profs, both of medicine and law. Returning to Amer., he practised law at Waterford, N.Y., and in 1840 in N.Y. City. His works are " Reminiscences of an Old Man" in Knickerbocker s Magazine ; "St. Leger, or the Threads of Life, 5 1849 ; " Letters from England ; " " Letters from Cuba," 1850; " Cuba and the Cubans,"! 850; " Romance of Student-Life Abroad," 1853 ; " Was he successful ? " " In the Tropics ; " " Undercurrents ; " " Revelations of Wall St. ; " "Henry Powers, Banker," 1868; and " To- Day," 1870. Contrib. to Putnam s Monthly, Knickerbocker, and other periodicals. Co-editor with Dr. Francis, Dr. Griswold, George P. Moiris, and F. W. Shelton, of the "Knicker bocker Gallery." King, AOJSTIN A., statesman, b. Sullivan Co., Tenn., Sept. 20, 1801 ; d. St. Louis, Mo., Apr. 22, 1870. He began to practise law in 1822; removed to Mo. in 1830; member of the legisl. in 1834 and 1836 ; circuit judge of Ray Co. 1837-48; gov. of Mo. 1 849-53; again judge of Ray Co. Circuit in 1862, and elected to the 38th Congress. In the Charles ton Democ. convention of 1860 he was a prominent Douglas man. He denounced the war for the Union as unnecessary. King, CHARLES, LL.D. (H.U. 1850), jour nalist and scholar, b. N.Y., Mar. 16, 1789 ; d. Frascate, near Rome, Italy, Sept. 27, 1867. Son of Rufus King, who, while minister at Lond., sent him to Harrow School, and in 1805 to a preparatory school at Paris. On his fa ther s return to the U.S., he was, by advice of Sir Francis Baring, placed in the banking- house of Hope & Co., Amsterdam. At the close of 1806 he returned to his native country. In 1810 he married Eliza, dau. of Archibald Gracie, a leading merchant of N. Y., with whom he was associated in business. Though a Fed eralist, he deemed it right to prosecute the war of 1812 to an honorable and successful result, and was a member of the N.Y. legisl. in 1813, and a vol. in the autumn of 1814. In 1823 the firm of which he was a member failed ; and Mr. King became connected with Ver- planck in the publication of the N.Y. Ameri can, a political and literary sheet of high char acter, until 1827 ; when Verplanck retired, and Mr. King continued sole editor until 1847. He was afterward assoc. in the conduct of the N. Y. Courier and Inquirer from 1845 until 1849, when he was chosen pres. of Col. Coll., which post he resigned in 1864. The in dependence of his character was strikingly evinced by his earliest public act. Being sent to Eng. by the govt. after the war of 1812, to investigate the treatment of our prisoners at Dartmoor, he did not hesitate to exonerate the British authorities from all censure in the mat ter in the face of the most intense indignation on the part of the American people, and of what many persons believed the clear and un questionable facts of the case. Author of " Memoir of the Construction, &c., of the Croton Aqueduct," 4to 1843 ; " History of the N. Y. Chamber of Commerce," 8vo ; " New York Fifty Years Ago ; " an Address before the Mechanics Society, and other hist, addresses. King, CHARLES BIRD, painter, b. New port, R.I., 1786; d. Washington, D.C., Mar. 18, 1862. For 40 years his studio at the Capi tol was filled with the likenesses of the eminent men of the day. He donated a school-fund to his native town for musical instruction, and gave to the Redwood Library several thousand dollars, and many paintings. Titckerman. King, CYRUS, M.C. 1813-17; b. Scarbo rough, Me., Sept. 16, 1772 ; d. April 25, 1817, Col. Coll. 1794. Half-bro. of Rufus, and his private sec. in 1796 ; practised law 20 years in Saco ; maj.-gen. of militia. King, DAN, M.D., physician and author, b. Mansfield, Ct., 27 Jan. 1791 ; d. Smithfield, R. I., 13 Nov. 1864. He began practice in Preston in 1815 ; continued it in Charlestown, B. I., in 1820-38; in Woonsocket 1838-48; in Taunton, Ms., 1848-58 ; and finally in Smithfield. Member of the R. I. legisl. 1828- 34, and the advocate of a new constitution and 511 extended suffrage. He was a friend to the rem nant of the tribe of the Narragansett Indians, and caused a school for them to be supported by the State. Author of " Life and Times of Thos. \V. Dorr," " Quackery Unmasked/ and many able articles in the Medical Journal and other periodicals. King, DANIEL PUTNAM, a scientific farmer and politician, b. Danvers, Ms., Jan. 8, 1801 ; d. there July 25, 1850. H.U. 1823. He studied law, but soon abandoned it for the practice of agriculture. In 1836-7 he was a State represen tative, in 1838-9 a senator, and in 1840-1 pres. of the senate. In 1 843 he was again a member of the house, of which he was elected speaker ; and was M.C. in 1843-9. He pub. an address commem. the 60th anniv. of the battle of Lex ington, delivered in Danvers in 1835. King, JAMES GORE, banker and merchant of N.Y., b. N.Y. City, May 8, 1791 ; d. High- wood, N. J., Oct. 3, 1853. H.U. 1810. His father, Ruf us King, minister to Eng., had him educated in the best schools there. He returned to the U.S. in 1805, and, after graduating, stud ied law at Litchfield. Marrying the dau. of Alexander Gracie in Feb. 1812, he established himself as a merchant at Liverpool, with his bro.-in-law, under the firm of King and Gracie. In 1824 he became a partner in the banking- house of Prince, Ward, and King ; on the disso lution of which he formed a new one of a similar character, under the name of James G. King and Sons. He served as adj. -gen. in the war of 1812-15; was a leading member of the N.Y. Chamber of Commerce, and, at the time of his death, its pres. M.C. 1849-51. King, JOHN ALSOP, statesman, b. N. Y. City, Jan. 3, 1788 ; d. Jamaica, L. I., July 7, 1868. He was the eldest son of Rufus King, and in his boyhood accomp. his father to Eng., and, with his bro. Charles, was educated at Harrow School and at Paris. He served through the war of 1812 as lieut. of a troop of horse ; represented Queen s Co. in the As sembly in 1819-21, 32, 38, and 40 ; was sec. of legation to Great Britain under his father in 1825 ; was a leading member of the 31st Congress, and a strenuous opponent of its Fu gitive-slave Bill ; was a delegate to the Repub. conv. at Phila. in 1856 ; and was gov. of N.Y. in 1857-9. A farmer by occupation, he took a deep interest in the Queen s Co. Agric. Soc., and was pres. of the N. Y. Agric. Soc. King, JOHN CROOKSHANKS, sculptor, b. Kilwinning, Scotland, Oct. 11, 1806. He was educated as a practical machinist, and, emigrat ing to the U.S. in 1829, was employed several years in Cincinnati and Louisville as supt. of a factory. In 1834, at the suggestion of Hiram Powers, he made a successful clay mod el of the head of his wife, and adopted the pro fession of a sculptor. From 1837 to 1840 he resided in N. Orleans, modelled a number of busts of public men, and made cameo likenesses. He now resides in Boston. He has executed busts of AVebster, of John Quincy Adams, Dr. Saml. Woodward, Prof. Agassiz, R. W. Emer son, and other prominent men. King, JOHN H., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Mich. App. 2d lieut. 1st Inf. 2 > ~Dec. 1837; 1st lieut. 2 Mar. 1839; capt. 31 Oct. 1846; maj. 15th, 14 May, 1861 ; lieut. -col. 14th, 1 Juno> 1863; col. 9th Inf. 30 July, 1865; brig. -gen. rols. 29 Nov. 1862; brev.-col. 20 Sept. 1863 ; brig.-gen. U.S.A., for Ruffs Station, 13 Mar. 1865; and maj.-gen. same date. King, JONAS, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1832), Cong, clergyman, and missionary to Greece, b. Hawley, Ms., July 29, 1792; d. Athens, Greece, May 22, 1869. Wms. Coll. 1816; And. Sem. 1819. He was a missionary in S. C. some months, and in Palestine in 1823-6 ; reached Boston in the fall of 1827, and was employed in the Northern and Middle States. He entered upon the Greek mission in Julv, 1828 ; and m. a Greek lady, July 22, 1829. A " Farewell Let ter" to his friends on leaving Syria, stating his reasons for not becoming a Roman Catholic, became, with other publications of his in 1852, the basis of a prosecution against him ; and he was condemned to 15 days confinement in a loathsome prison, and to expulsion from Greece. Owing to the vigorous protests of our govt. he was confined but one day, and was not ban ished. Before 1867, he had translated and printed in modern Greek 5 vols. of the Tract Society s publications. He also pub 4 vols. of his own works in that language. King, MITCHELL, LL.D. (Char Coll. and U. of E. Tenn.), judge, b. Scotland, June 8, 1783. HewenttoLond.in 1804, and to Charles ton, S.C., where he opened a school, in 1 806, and soon received a professorship in the coll. of that city. He began to study law in 1807 ; was one of the founders of the Philos. Society in 1809, before which he delivered lectures on astrono my ; and in 1810 was adm. to the bar. He soon disting. himself; prospered in his practice ; and became in 1819 judge of the City Court of Charleston. In 1830-2 he was an active mem ber of the Union party, and opposed the doc trine of State nullification. From 1842 to 1844 he was again judge of the City Court ; and at different periods he served as delegate in the State convention, and as pres. of the trustees of the Med. Coll., and of other societies for the promotion of art, literature, science, and public enterprises. He originated the Charleston Lit erary Club, and has written numerous essays and addresses for various societies and literary institutions. Appleton. King, PRESTON, statesman, b. Ogdensbunr, N. Y., Oct. 14, 1806; d. N. Y. City, Nov. 13, 1865. Un. Coll. 1827. He studied and prac tised law in St. Lawrence Co., N.Y. ; started the St. Lawrence Republican in 1830 ; and was one of the warmest supporters of Gen. Jackson. He was a Democ. until 1853, when he joined the Repub. party. Postmaster at Ogdensburg ; member of the N.Y. Assembly in 1834-7 ; M.C. 1843-7 and 1849-53; U.S. senator 1857-63; afterward resuming the practice of law in N.Y. Delegate to the Repub. convention at Balti more in 1864, he was a firm supporter of An drew Johnson, by whom he was in Aug. 1865 app. collector of "the port of N.Y. During a fit of aberration of mind he jumped from a fer ry-boat, and was drowned. King, RUFUS, LL.D. (H.U. 1806), orator, statesman, and diplomatist, b. Scarborough, Me., Mar. 24, 1755 ; d. Jamaica, LI., Apr. 29, 1827. H. U. 1777. Son of an opulent mer- 512 KTN- chant. He entered the law-office of Theophilus Parsons at New bury port. In 1778 lie was aide-de-camp to Gen. Glover in the expedition against R.I. He commenced practice in 1780; in 1782 was elected to the legisl.; member of the Old Congress 1784-6. He in March, 1785, moved a resolution, " That there be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in any of the States described in the resolution of Congress of April, 1784, otherwise than in punishment of crime ; and that this regulation shall be made an article of compact, and remain a fun damental principle of the Constitution." This resolution was, by the votes of 7 States against 4, referred to a com. of the whole, and was al most word for word embodied by Nathan Dane in his famous ordinance of 1787. Mr. King advocated the Constitution, both in the Gen. and State conventions. In 1788 he removed to N.Y., having in 1786 m. the dau. of John Al- sop, an opulent merchant of that city. In 1789 he was elected to the N.Y. legisl., by which body Gen. Schuyler and himself were chosen the first senators from the State under the Constitution of the U. S. In 1794, under the signature of "Camillus/ he defended the British Treaty. The most celebrated speech made by him in the U.S. senate was in this year, on the right of Albert Gallatin to a seat in senate, which he successfully opposed. In 1796-1804 Mr. King was minister to England, having previously de clined the offer of the dept. of state. In "J813 he was a third time sent to the senate by the N. Y. legisl. His speech on the burning of Washington by the British was one of his most eloquent displays, and teemed with senti ments which had echoes from all parties. In 1819 he was re-elected to the senate. He took the lead in opposing the admission of Mo. as a slave State ; and several of the laws which he proposed and carried were of great conse quence. In 1825 he accepted from Pres. Ad ams the app. of minister to England, but re turned in ill health in 1826. King, RUFUS, diplomatist and journalist, b. N.Y. City, Jan. 26, 1814. West Point, 1833. Son of Pres. Charles King, and grandson of Rufus. He entered the engineer corps, and as sisted in the construction of Fortress Monroe. Resigning in Sept. 1836, he became assist, engr. of the N. Y. and Erie Railroad ; was a while connected wirh the Albany Evening Journal; then edited the Daily Advertiser : and was app. by Gov. Seward adj.-gen. of N.Y. Removing to Wis., he edited the Milwaukie Sentinel until 1861; when Mr. Lincoln app. him minister to Rome. Obtaining permission to delay his de parture during the civil war, he was made brig.- gen. of vols. May 17, 1861, and soon after re signed his diplomatic app. Promoted to com mand a division in McDowell s army at Fred- ericksburg, he com. in the combat of Groveton 28 Aug. ; was engaged in the battle of Manas- sas; in Oct. 1862 was placed under Gen. Dix s command ; com. at Yorktown, Va., in Mar.- July, 1863 ; and com. division at Fairfax C. H., July-Oct. 20, 1863, when he resigned ; and was miri. to Rome to 1 July, 1867 ; d. Oct. 13, 1876. King, SUSAN (PETIGRU), authoress, b. Charleston, S. C. Dau. of J. L. Petigru, an eminent lawyer of S. C. She was highly edu cated, and m. Henry C., son of Judge Mitchell King. After his death, she m. Congressman Bowen, subsequently convicted of bigamy. Author of several stones of fashionable life, as " The Busy Moments of an Idle Woman," " Lily," and " Sylvia s World." She is dis- ting. for conversational talent, and has contrib. to periodicals. fcing, THOMAS BUTLER, politician, b. Hampden Co., Ms., Aug. 27, 1804 ; d. Waynesborough, Ga., May 10, 1864. Educated at Westfield Acad., Ms., and studied for the bar, but removed to Ga. in 1823 ; m., and be came a cotton-planter. State senator in 1832- 4, 35, and 37; M.C. 1839-43 and 1845-9. Col lector of San Francisco in 1849-51, he resided some years in California. Returning to Ga., he was State senator in 1859 ; member of the Milledgeville convention of 1833 ; of the Ma- con Railroad convention of 1836 ; of the young men s convention of Baltimore in 1840; and was pres. of several Ga. railroad and canal companies. Identified with the State-rights party; a secessionist in 1861, and was 2 years commissioner of Ga. in Europe. King, THOMAS STARR, divine and author, b. New York, Dec. 16, 1824; d. San Francis co, March 4, 1864. Son of Rev. Thomas F. King. His boyhood was passed in Portsmouth, N.H., and Charlestown, Ms. Young King was prepared for coll. ; but the decease of his father prevented his entrance, and he con tinued his education in the intervals from his duties as a school-teacher and a clerkship in the navy-yard. In Sept. 1846 he was ord. pastor of his father s parish in Charlestown ; and in Dec. 1848 was installed over the Hollis- st. Church, which station he occupied until 1860. In Apr. of that year, he sailed for San Francisco to take charge of the Unitarian Cong. in that city, where the brief remainder of his use ful life was spent. He had an extended reputa tion as a lecturer, having been regularly em ployed in that capacity in 1845-1860. Author of " The White Hills, their Legends, Land scapes, and Poetry," 4to, illustrated, 1859. In 1850 he received the hon. degree of M.A. from H.U. As a public speaker, he happily combined elegance with energy, and was ex ceedingly popular. He was a -man of rare genius, originality, and eloquence. His exer tions in behalf of the Union, and his decided and uncompromising stand against the Rebel lion, had a powerful effect on popular opinion in California. He contrib. many articles to the Uni- versalist Quarterly, and was, besides, the author of numerous addresses. A vol. of his writings, entitled " Patriotism and Other Papers," was pub. 1865 ; also "A Tribute to Thomas Starr King," by his friend Richard Frothingham. King, WILLIAM, col. U.S.A., b. Md. ; d. near Mobile, Jan. 1, 1826. App. lieut. of inf. May 3, 1808; capt. 15th Inf. July 2, 1812; assist, to Insp.-Gen. Smith, July 10, 1812; com. exped. from Black Rock to Canada shore (spiking the enemy s batteries, and cap turing prisoners) Nov. 2*8, 1812, in which ho was wounded and taken ; maj. March 3, 1813 ; com. his regt. in capture of York, U.C., Apr. 27, 1813; assist, adj.-gen. Apr. 28, 1813; disting. and wounded in capture of Fort 513 KILN" George, May 27, 1813 ; com. U.S. troops in concert with N.Y. militia, under Gen. Porter, in repulsing attack on Black Rock, July 11, 1813; adj. -gen. (rank of col.) July 18, 1813 ; col. 3d Rifles, Feb. 21, 1814; col. 4th Inf. May, 1815 ; military and civil gov. of Pensacola, May, 1818; disbanded June, 1821. Gardner. King, WILLIAM, statesman, bro. of Ru- fus, b. Scarborough, Me., Feb. 9, 1768 ; d. Bath, Me., June 17, 1852. In native mental en dowments he is thought to have been superior to his celebrated bro., and nothing but the want of education prevented his attaining the high est honors. After residing a while in Topsharn, ab. 1800 he removed to Bath. Member of the Ms. legisl. for some years, he took a promi nent part in drafting and enacting the Religious Freedom Act, and was also the originator and principal supporter of the Betterment Act. He exerted his powerful influence to effect the separation of Me. and Ms., which occurred in 1819; was pres. of the convention which framed the constitution of Me., and its first gov. 1820-1 ; U.S. commissioner for the ad justment of Spanish claims 1821-4. He was gen. of militia, and collector of customs at Bath 1831-4. He was an eminent and success ful merchant, and a generous and intelligent patron of institutions of learning. King, WILLIAM RCFCS, 13th vice-pres. of the U.S., b. Sampson Co., N.C., April 7, 1786; d. Cahawba, Ala., April 18, 1853. U. of N.C. 1803. He studied law, and was adm. to practice in 1806. In 1806-7 and 1809, he was a member of the State legisl. ; M.C. 1810-16 ; sec. of legation to Russia 1816-18; and, after his return, removed to Ala., and be came a cotton-planter. One of the convention that formed the constitution of Ala. when it was adm. into the Union; U.S. senator 1819- 45 and 1847-52; and in 1845-6 minister to France. In this post he succeeded in prevent ing the joint protest of France and Eng. against the annexation of Texas to the U.S. He became vice-pres. in 1 852. Mr. King was a member of Congress nearly forty years ; officiating as pres. pro tern of the senate in the 24th, 25th, 26th, 31st, and 32d Congresses. He uniformly acted with the Democ. party, and supported Jackson for the presidency in 1824, 1823, and 1832. Kingsborough, RIGHT HON. EDWARD KING, viscount (1795-1837). Eldest son of the 3d earl of Kingston. Educated at Oxford ; represented his native county (Cork) in the parliament of 1820-6; and subsequently de voted himself to his great work, " The An tiquities of Mexico," comprising facsimiles of ancient Mexican paintings and hieroglyphics, Lond. imp. fol. vols. 1-7, 1831 ; vols. 8 and 9, 1848. The first 7 vols. of this magnificent work cost Lord K. 32,000. Thrown into prison for a debt which he considered unjust, he was there seized with typhus-fever, which soon ended fatally. He maintains in this work the theory of the colonization of Mexico by the Israelites. Allibone. Kingsbury, CHARLES P., brev. brig. -gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1840. 2d lieut. ordnance 1840; 1st lieut. 3 Mar. 1847; capt. I July, 1854 ; maj. 3 Mar. 1863; lieut.-col. 22 Dec. 1866; ret. July 1870 ; aide to Gen. Tay lot at Buena Vista, and brev. 23 Feb. 1847 ; col. and A.D.C. 28 Sept. 1861 ; served through the seven-days battles before Richmond, and brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Author of " Treatise on Artillery and Infantry," 1849. Contrib. to Amer. Whig Review, South. Quart. Rev., Putnam s Monthly, and South. Lit. Messenger. Cullum. Kingsbury, JACOB, col. U.S.A., b. Nor wich, Ct., 1755; d. Franklin, Ct., July 1, 1837. He was in the U.S. service 42 years, having risen from the ranks (which he joined at Roxbury in 1775) to be an officer in the Revol. army. He served in Wayne s Indian campaign. App. lieut. of inf. Sept. 29, 1789 ; capt. Dec. 1791 ; maj. 2d Inf. May 15, 1797 ; lieut.-col. 1st Inf. Apr. 11, 1803; col. 1st Inf. Aug. 18, 1808; insp.-gen. (rank of col.) Apr. 28, 1813 ; disb. June, 1815. His son Col. THOMAS H. C., b. N. Orleans, Dec. 23, 1807, col. llth Ct. Vols., killed at Antietam 17 Sept. 1862. Kingsley, CALVIN, D.D., bishop M.E. Church, b. Annesville, N.Y., Sept. 8, 1812; d. Beirut, Syria, Apr. 6, 1870. Alleg. Coll. 1841. He entered the ministry of the M. E. Church, and was in 1842-4 prof, of math, in Alleg. Coll.; app. in 1842 to Meadville Station. In 1844 he was stationed in Erie, Pa. ; and, at the close of his t term as pastor, returned to Alleg. ColL, and remained for a number of years a member of its faculty. In 1856 he was elected by the gen. conf. editor of the \Vestei~n Chris tian Advocate. Author of a work on " The Resurrection of the Human Body." D.D. of Genesee Coll. 1853; elected bishop in 1864. Kingsley, JAMES LUCE, LL.D. (Mid. Coll. 1831), scholar, b. Windham, Ct., Aug. 28, 1778 ; d. New Haven, Aug. 31, 1852. Y.C. 1799. Tutor 1801-5; librarian 1805-24; prof, of the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin lan guages, and of eccl. hist. 1805-51. Prof. Kingsley was both an accomplished scholar and a thorough instructor ; a critic of the first order ; and contrib. to the N.Amer. Review, the Christian Spectator, the New-Englander, the Amer. Journal of Sciences, the Biblical Reposi tory, and other periodicals. Some of the most valuable articles which he published were illus trative of historical subjects, among which was an interesting discourse, and " Notes on the Hist, of New Haven," delivered Apr. 25, 1838. He pub. in the Amer. Quar. Reg. a compen dious Hist, of Yale Coll. 1835, and also the " Life of Pres. Stiles," for Sparks s " Amer. Biography," 2d ser., vol. 6. He also revised and pub. some of the standard Latin classics, to which he appended notes. See Commem orative Discourse, by Thomas A. Thacher, Oct. 1852. Kingston, ROBERT, a British gen., d. 1794. Ensign llth Foot, Sept. 1756; capt. Apr. 1761 ; maj. July, 1768 ; lieut.-col. Aug. 29, 1777 ; col. Nov. 1782; maj.-gen. 1793. He acomp. Burgoyne s exped. as his adj. -gen. and military sec., in which capacity he arranged the details of the surrender at Saratoga. Return ing to Eng. in 1778, he was examined before a committee of the house of commons relative to this expedition. 514 Kinne, AARON, minister of Groton, Ct., b. Lisbon, Ct., 1745; d. Talmadge, O., July 9, 1824. Y.C. 1765. Ord. Oct. 1770; disra. 1798. He pub. a work on " The Sonsliip of Christ ; " "A Display of Scripture Prophe cies," 1813; "Explanation of the Types, Prophecies, Revelation," c.,8vo, 1814; " An Essay on the New Heaven and Earth," 1821. Kinney, COATES, poet, b. on^the west bank of Crooked Lake, near Penn Yan,N.Y., Nov. 24, 1826. He obtained a liberal educa tion by his own exertions, teaching school, editing, and practising law. In 1854 he pub. " Keeuka, an American Legend;" and has contrib. to periodicals and journals. " Rain on the Roof" is one of his bost-known pieces. Poets and Poetry of the West. Kinney, MRS. ELIZABETH C., poet, dan, of David L. Dodge of N.Y., wife of William B. Kinney, former editor of the Newark Daily Advertiser, and U.S. agent at Turin. She has contrib. to the Knickerbocker, Graham s, and other magazines ; and in 1855 pub " Felicita," a metrical romance. Allibone. Kinnison, DAVID, the last of the party who destroyed the tea in Boston harbor, b. Old Kingston, near Portsmouth, Me., Nov. 17, 1736 ; d. Chicago, Feb. 24, 1852, a. 115. Up to the Revol. he was a farmer at Lebanon, whence, with a few comrades, members of a political club, he went to Boston with the express purpose of destroying the tea. He was in active service during the war, participat ing in many battles ; and was a prisoner among the Indians a year and 7 months, and until peace was declared. After the war, he was a farmer at Danville, Vt. ; then at Wells, Me., where he remained until the war of 1812. He was in service during the Avhole of that war ; was in the battles of Sackett s Harbor and Williamsburg; and in the latter was badly wounded in the hand by a grape-shot. He afterwards lived at Lyme, at Sackett s Harbor, N.Y., and went to Chicago in July, 1845. At Lyme, while felling a tree, he was struck down by a limb, which fractured his skull, broke his collar-bone, and two of his ribs. While en gaged in discharging a cannon at a" training " at Sackett s Harbor, both legs were broken, and badly shattered. He was the father of 22 children. Up to 1848 he had always made something by his labor. He learned to read when past 60. Kinsey, JAMES, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1790), jurist ; d. Burlington, N. J., Jan. 4, 1802, a. 69. In 1774-5 he was a delegate from N.J. to Con gress. He was active in the cause of the Revol., and was a member of the com. of corresp. for Burlington Co. In Nov. 1789 he was app. chief justice of N. J. Kip, WILLIAM INGRAHAM, D. D. (Col. Coll. 1847), clergyman and author, b. New York, Oct. 3, 1811. Y.C. 1831. His ances tor Henry Kype came to New Amsterdam in 1635. Henry s son Jacob owned the ground now occupied by the Park. Five generations of the family were born at the house at Kip s Bay, a portion of whom settled at Rhinebeck. After ecme study of the law, he entered the Gen. Sera, of the Epis. Church in N.Y., and was ord. deacon in 1835. Rector of St. Peter s, Albany, from 1838 until Oct. 28, 1853, when he was consec. missionary bishop of California. Among his publications are" The Lenten Fast;" "The Double Witness of the Church ; " "Recan tation, or the Confessions of a Convert to Roman ism;" " Early Jesuit Missions in N.A.," 2 vols. 1846; "Early Conflicts of Christianity ;" and a series suggested by a visit to Italy in 1844-5, consisting of" Christmas Holidays in Rome, " " Domestic and Religious Life in Italy," and " The Catacombs of Rome." He has also been a frequent contrib. to periodicals of his denomination. Kirby, EDMUND, brig.-gen. vols., b. Brown- ville, N. Y., 1840; d. Washington, D.C., 28 May, 1863, from wounds received at Chancel- lorsville. West Point, May, 1861. Son of Col. Edmund (1794-1849) by a dau. of Gen. Jacob Brown. His father served with distinc tion in the wars with England (1812-15) and Mexico (1846-8). Made 2d lieut. (Rickctt s Battery) in May, 1861, he assumed the com. on the capture of Ricketts, and retained it till his death. He was active in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac, and was made brig.-gen. for bravery at Chancellorsville. Kirbv, COL. EPHRAIM, jurist, and patriot of the Revol., b. Litchfield, Ct., Feb. 23, 1757 ; d. Fort Stoddard, Mpi., Oct. 2, 1804. Present at the battle of Bunker s Hill ; remained in active service until independence was achieved ; was in 19 battles and skirmishes; and received 13 wounds, 7 of which were sabre-cuts on the head, inflicted by a British soldier at German- town, where Kirby was left for dead upon the field. Penniless at the close of the Revol., he by some means contrived to get so much of a classical education, that Yale Coll. in 1787 con ferred on him the degree of M.A. He then studied law; was adm. to the bar; and soon attained an elevated position. In 1789, while engaged in practice in his native town, he pub. a vol. of Reports of the Decisions of the Superior Court and Court of Errors, which was the first vol. of Reports pub. in Connecti cut, and perhaps in the U.S. From 1791 to 1804 he was a representative in the Icgisl. ; was in 1801 app. by Jefferson supervisor of the revenue ; and, after the acquisition of La., was app. a judge of the newly-organized territory of Orleans. His son, Major REYNOLD M. KIRBY, a disting. officer of the war of 1812, d. Oct. 7, 1842, at Fort Sullivan, Me., a. 52. Brev. capt. for gallantry in sortie from Fort Erie. Kirk, EDWARD NORRIS, D. D. (Amh. Coll. 1855), Cong, clergyman, b. New York, Aug. 14, 1802. N. J. Coll. 1820. After study ing law eighteen months, he entered the Theol. School at Princeton, and, after four years study, was app. agent of the board of foreign missions. From 1828 to 1836 he was pastor of a church at Albany. He went to Eng. in 1837 ; but, having been app. sec. of the Foreign Evangelical Society, he returned in 1839. June 1, 1842, he accepted a call to become the pastor of a new Cong, church in Boston. The edifice known as the Mount- Vernon Church was completed early in 1844 ; and there Dr. Kirk preached until 1871. In 1846 he visited Europe again ; and in 1856 he went 515 KIR, abroad a third time, at the request of the American and Foreign Christian Union, to inaugurate a regular system of religious wor ship for American Protestants in France. He secured there the erection of the American chapel, and, after a hasty visit to Palestine, returned home. Dr. Kirk pub. 2 or 3 vols. of sermons, " Lectures on Christ s Parables," translation of Gaussen on Inspiration, and of Attie s Lectures on the Lit. of the Times of Louis XIV. He pub. more, than 30 occas. sermons and addresses. Died Boston, Mar. 27, 1874. See Amer. Pit/pit, N.Y., 1856, ii. 48; JSuppt. Catal Bost. Pub. Lib. Kirk, GEN. EDWARD N., b. Jeff. Co., O., Feb. 28, 1828 ; d. Jan. 1863, of wounds received at Stone River. From 1854 to the fall of 1861 he practised law in Sterling 111., where he raised the 34th 111. Vols., which he com. At Shiloh, and at the siege of Corinth, he acted as brig.- gen., and at the battle of Stone River com. a brigade in Johnson s division of McCook s corps. Kirk, JOHN FOSTER, hist, writer, b. (of English parents) at Frederickton, N.B., ab. 1824; was educated in Nova Scotia; came to the U.S. in 1842 ; and, during the last 11 years of Wm. H. Prescott s life, acted as his secretary. Besides hist, articles contrib. to reviews, he has pub. " A History of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy," 3 vols. 8vo, 1863-7. Kirkland, CAROLINE MATILDA (STANS- BURY), authoress, b. N. Y. City, Jan. 1801 ; d. there Apr. 6, 1864. After the death of her father, who was a bookseller and publisher, the family removed to Geneva, N. Y., where she in. Prof. Win. Kirkland of Ham. Coll., who subsequently established a sem. in Goshen on Seneca Lake. He was the author of a series of " Letters from Abroad," written after a res idence in Europe, and of numerous contribs. to the periodical press. In 1846 (the year of his death) he commenced, with Rev. H. W. Bel lows, the Christian Inquirer, a weekly Unitarian journal. In 1835 they emig. to Mich., whence they removed in 1843 to N.Y. She pub. "A Now Home, Who ll Follow ?" by Mary Clavers, 1839; "Forest-Life," 1842; and in 1846 pub. " Western Clearings." Upon settling in N.Y. she undertook the education of a number of young ladies; and in 1847 resumed her pen, and edited the Union May. 18 months. She visited Europe in 1848; and on her return pub. " Holidays Abroad," 1849 ; " The Evening Book, or Fireside Talk on Morals and Manners, with Sketches of Western Life," 1852; "A Book for the Home-Circle," 1853 ; " Personal Memoirs of George Washington," 1857; and contrib. the letter-press to " The Book of Home Beauty." She has also pub. " An Essay on the Life and Writings of Spenser," prefixed to the first book of the " Faerie Queen," 1846 ; and " Patriotic Eloquence,"- selections compiled for schools. Her latest work was a choice selection of poetic extracts, "The School- Girl s Garland," in two series. She was a very successful teacher, and a charming conversa tionalist. Kirkland, JOHN THORNTON, D.D. (N. J. Coll 1802), LL.D. (B.U. 1810), b. Little Falls, N.Y., Aug. 17, 1770 ; d. Boston, Apr. 26, 1840. H.U. 1789. Son of the missionary Samuel Kirkland. Ord. pastor of the church in Sum mer St., Boston, Feb. 5, 1794 ; and from Nov. 14, 1810, to 1828, was pres. of H.U. His lit erary productions were widely disseminated through the periodical press. His " Biography of Fisher Ames " ranks as an Amer. classic. He pub. a Eulogy on Washington, Dec. 29, 1799, several occasional sermons, and biograph ical notices of Dr. Belknap, Gen. Lincoln, and Prof. W. D. Peck. Averse to literary effort, he left nothing which can give an adequate im pression of his extraordinary abilities. See Life by Palfrey, and Obit. Discourses by F. Park- man and A. Young. Kirkland, SAMUEL, missionary to the In dians, b. Norwich, Ct., Dec. 1, 1744 ; d. Clin ton, Oneida Co., N.Y., Feb. 28, 1808; N. J. Coll. 1765. Son of Rev. Daniel Kirkland of Norwich, and was educated at the school of Rev. E. Wheelock, where he learned the Mohawk language; and he also acquired that of the Sen- ecas by a sojourn among them from Nov. 1 764 to* May, 1 766. Ord. at Lebanon, June 1 9, 1766. He removed to Ct. ab. 1772, and after wards lived a while at Stockbridge. After the battle of Lexington, the Prov. Congress of Ms. requested him to use his influence to se cure either the friendship or neutrality of the Six Nations. He succeeded in attaching to the patriot cause the Oneidas, with whom he con tinued his religious labors throughout the war, when the other tribes, through the influence of Brant and the Johnsons, had taken the oppo site side. He officiated as chaplain to the Amer. forces in his vicinity, and accomp. Sul livan s exped. in 1779. He was the founder of Ham. Coll., its parent, the Ham. Oneida Acad., having been incorporated through his influence in 1793, at Whitestown, N.Y. In 1789 govt. granted him a tract of land 2 miles square, in the present town of Kirkland, whith er he removed. Rev. S. K. Lothrop of Boston, a grandson, has pub. a Memoir of Kirkland in Sparks s "Amer. Biog." Kirkpatrick, ANDREW, jurist, b. Mine Brook, N. J., Feb. 17, 1756 ; d. N. Brunswick, N. J., Jan. 7, 1831. N. J. Coll. 1775. David his father, a Scotch Presbyterian, came to N. J. in 1736. Andrew began the study of theologv, but soon turned to the law, which he studied in the office of Judge Patterson. Adm. to the bar in 1785, he practised with distinction at Morristown, and afterward atN. Brunswick; was a member of the Assembly in 1797; was made a judge of the Supreme Court, Jan. 17, 1797; and was chief justice in 1803-24. His decisions are in Pennington s, Southard s, and the first 3 vols. of Halsted s Reports. lie m. in 1792 Jane, dau. of Col. John Bayard. Me.m. by J. G. Wilson. Kirkwood, ROBERT, maj. Revol. army, b. near Newark, Del. ; killed Nov. 4, 1791, at the battle of Miami. Receiving a classical ed ucation at the Newark Acad., he subsequently engaged in farming, but in Jan. 1776 entered Hazlet s regt. as a lieut. ; participated in the disaster of Long Island, and in the victories of Trenton and Princeton. Early in 1777 he was made a capt, and was concerned in all the im portant battles of the three following cam KI3 paigns. In 1780 this regt. accomp. Gates to the South, and at Camden it suffered severely. The remnant of it, under Kirkwood and Jacquet, was attached as light inf. to Lee s legion ; and at the Cowpens, Guilford, Eutaw, and other places, Kirkwood exhibited his usual gallantry, and at the close of the war was brev. a maj. He afterwards emig. to Ohio, and settled near ly opposite Wheeling. Kissam, RICHARD S., a disting. surgeon, b. N.Y. City, 1763; d. there Oct. 1822. Son of Benjamin, an eminent lawyer. Received a grammar-school education at Hempstead, L.I. Studied medicine under Dr. McKnight, and grad. at the U. of Edinburgh, where he re mained 5 years. On receiving his doctorate in 1 789 he pub. an inaug. dissertation " De Rheuma- tismo." After visiting the Continent, he returned to N.Y. ; in 1791 commenced practice, and for 30 years was at the head of his profession. As a lithotomist he was particularly celebrated, only 3 out of 65 of his operations proving fatal. He declined the chair of botany of Col. Coll. in 1792. For 30 years he was a surgeon of the X.Y. Hospital. T7iacher. Kittredge, THOMAS, M.D. (H.U. 1811), an eminent surgeon, b. Andover, July, 1746; d. there Oct. 1818. His father and bros. were disting. surgeons. After receiving instruc tion from Master Moody at Byfield Acad., he studied med. with Dr. Sawyer of Newburyport; began to practise in Andover in 1768 ; and, be ing in 1775 app. surgeon to the regt. of Col. James Frye, was present at the battle of Bun ker s Hill. Dr. K. had an extensive practice; was an early member of the Ms. Med. Soc. ; and was in the legisl. several years, and in the council in 1810-11. Tkacher. Knapp, COL. SAMUEL LORENZO, LL.D., author, b. Newburyport, Ms., Jan. 19, 1783; d. Hopkinton, Ms., July 8, 1838. Dartm. Coll. 1804. He was a lawyer by profession. Was a member of the State legisl. ; com. a regt. of State militia during the war of 1812; became ed itor of the Boston Gazette in 1824, also the Bos ton Monthly Magazine, and from 1826 to 1828 the National Republican ; and in 1 827 he resumed the practice oflaw in N.Y. His " Biographical Memoir of Archbishop Cheverus" is an elegant performance. His "Lives of Eminent Lawyers, Statesmen, and Men of Letters," 1821, is a mod el of that species of composition. He also pub. "Lectures on American Literature/ 1829; " The Bachelors and other Tales ; " " Advice in the Pursuits of Literature ; " Lives of Aaron Burr, Andrew Jackson, Lord Timothy Dexter, Daniel Webster, and Thomas Eddy; "Trav els of Ali Bey in Boston and Vicinity," 1818 ; " The Genius of Free Masonry, or a Defence of the Order;" "Female Biography," 1846; " Sketches of Public Characters," 1830, under the pseudonyme of Ignatius Loyola Robinson ; and " American Biography," 1833. He ed ited Hinton s U.S., and " The Library of Use ful Knowledge." He was also the author of a variety of occasional public addresses. Kneeland, ABNER, preacher and author, b. 1774; d. Farmington, Iowa, 27 Aug. 1844. While a minister in Vt., he edited " Mrs. John son s Captivity," 1814; afterward pub. a translation of the New Test, from the Greek, 1823 ; "The Deist," 2 vols. 12mo, 1822 ; " Lec tures on the Doctrine of Universal Salvation/ 12mo, 1824; "Review of the Evidences of Christianity," a series of lectures del. in N.Y. in Aug. 1829. Editor in 1828 of the Olive Branch and Christ. Inquirer, N. Y., vol. i. ; and of the Phila. Universalist s Maq. and Christ. Messenger, 2 vols. 1821-3; established the Investigator as an organ of free inquiry, at Boston, in 1831. He also pub. a speech in his own defence be fore the Sup. Court at Boston, for the alleged crime of blasphemy, 8 Mar. 1836. Kneeland, SAMUEL, printer and booksell er of Boston, b. there 1696 ; d. 14 Dec. 1769. Apprenticed to B. Green. He pub. the Ga zette 1727-41, the N. E. Weekly Journal from Oct. 1741 to 1752, Boston Gazette 1753-4. He was a long time printer to the gov. and council ; printed the laws and journals of the house some years ; and pub. many religious books and polit. pamphlets. Kneeland, SAMUEL, M.D., naturalist, b. Boston, 1 Aug. 1821. H.U. 1840; Harv. Med. School 1843. Afterward studied med. 2 years in Paris, and practised in Boston in 1845-50, gaining in the mean time two Boyls- ton prizes; serving as demonstrator of anato my in H. U. for 2 years ; contributing to the Amer. Jour, of Med. Sci. and Boston Med. and Surg. Jour. ; translating Audry s " Diseases of the Heart;" and serving 2 years in the Bos ton Dispensary ; five years sec. of the Boston Nat. Hist. Soc ; 2 years sec. Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences ;" passed some time in Bra zil, and in Lake Sup. copper-region ; surgeon in the Burnside exped. in 1862 ; surgeon U.S. Vols. Sept. 1863-6, serving in New Orleans and Mobile; and, since Aug. 1866, sec. Ms. Inst. of Technology, and also prof, of zoology and physiol. in that institution ; and has recent ly explored Cal., Upper Mpi., and Colorado, publishing the results in Good Health, Bost. 1870-1. Dr. K. contributed more than 800 articles on zoology, physiol., &c., to the New Amer. Cyclop. ; and has also contrib. to the Proceedings of the Bost. Soc. of Nat. Hist., and other similar pubs. ; editing, with introd., Smith s " Hist, of the Human Species," 1851. Edited for 3 years the Annual of Scientific Dis covery (1866-9), and " Charts of the Animal Kingdom," pub. by S. R. Urbino, Bost ,n ; and contrib. to the " Science and Mechanism, or Illust. Cat. of the N. Y. Exhib.," 1854. Knight, HENRY COGSWELL, poet, b. New buryport ab. 1783 ; d. Jan. 10, 1835. Brown U. 1812. He became pastor of an Epis. church, and pub. 2 vols. of sermons. His poems, which have been reprinted, are " The Cypriad," poem in two chants, 1809 ; " The Trophies of Love : " "The Broken Harp," Phila. 1815. His col lected works appeared in Boston in 2 vols., 1821. His bro. FREDERIC KNIGHT (b, 1791, d. Rowley, Nov. 20, 1849) exercised the same profession. Most of his poetical pieces are con tained in " Thorn Cottage, or the Poet s Home," Boston, 1855. He resided at Rowley with his grandfather Dr. Cogswell, an estimable physician. Knight, JONATHAN, M.D. (1818), prof, ot surgery in Yale Med. Coll. 1838-64, b. Nor- walk, Ct., 4 Sept. 1789 ; d. N. Haven, 25 Aug 517 18(>1. Y. C. 1808. Son of Jonathan, surgeon in the Revol. army. He attended the U. of Pa. in 1811-13; was a pupil of Dr. Rush; and was licensed to practise by the Ct. Med. Soc. in Aug. 1811. Prof, of anat. and physiol. in Yale Med. School 1813-38. As a lecturer on surgery he had no superior in the country. Chosen pres. of the Amer. Med. Assoc. 1853 ; influential in establishing in 1862 the U. S. Milit. Hospital at N. Haven. Y. C. Ob. Record. Knight, NEHEMIAH U., gov. of R.I. 1817- 21, b. Cranston, R.L, Dec. 31, 1780; d. Prov idence, April 19, 1854. His father Nehemi- nh a farmer and politician (M. C. 1803-8), d. 13 June, 1808, a. 62. At the age of 22 the son represented his native town in the Assem bly; removed to Providence; and in 1805 be came clerk of the C.C.P. ; from 1812 to 1817 he was clerk of the Circuit Court; and U.S. senator 1821-41. Mr. Knight belonged to the Dcrnoc. partj% but was moderate and conciliat ing in his course. While gov. he recommend ed the establishment of free schools throughout the State. He was for a few years coll. of the revenue at Providence, under the adminis tration of Madison; was a member in 1843 of the State Const. Conv. ; and for a long time pres. of the Roger Williams Bank. Knight, SARAH, wife of Richard Knight of Boston, Ms., and dau. of Thomas Kemble, b. Boston, Apr. 19, 1666; d. New Lond., Ct., Sept. 25, 1727. Her Journal of a Horseback Journey from Boston to New York, and Re turn " (in 1704), was edited by Theodore Dwight, jun., and pub. in 1825 at N.Y., in a vol. with a journal of Rev. Mr. Buckingham : it has been reprinted three times ; namely, at Boston in a newspaper, and " The Living Age " in 1858, and at Albany, 1865, in a volume. Madam Knight was a shopkeeper in Boston and Norwich, and also taught a school, having among her scholars Dr. Franklin and Dr. Samuel Mather. She was buried at New Lon don, Ct., where her only child Elizabeth, the wife of Col. John Livingston, resided. Knollys, REV. HANSERD, b. Cawkwell, Eng., 1598; d. Lond. Sept. 19, 1691. Camb. U. Ord. 29 June, 1629; preached in Hum- bcrstone and other places ; ab. 1636 renounced Episcopacy, and joined the Puritans ; and, to escape persecution, came to Boston in 1638, and in Dec. org. the first church at Dover, N.H., which he left in 1641 ; preached a short time at L.I., and returned to Eng. ; arr. in Lond. 24 Dec. 1641. He formed a Baptist church in Lond., of which he was many years pastor. For his abuse of the Ms. gdvt., he made a confession in Boston. He pub. " Rudi ments of Hebrew Grammar," 1648; "Flaming Fire in Zion," Lond. 4to, 1646; Life by him self to 1672, continued by Wm. Kiffin, 1692, 8vo, 12mo, 1813. A Bapt. Soc., the "Han- serd Knollys Soc.," was org. in Eng. in 1845 for repub. early Bapt. works. A. H. Quint, in Cong. Quarterly, Jan. 1871. Knowles, JAMES DAVIS, clergyman and educator, b. Providence, R.L, in July, 1798 ; d. Newton, May 9, 1838. Col. Coll., D.C., 1824. His father died when he was 12 years of age; and he was soon after placed in" the printing- office of the Providence Gazette. Here his lit erary abilities became known ; and measures were taken to furnish him with a classical edu cation. Immediately on becoming of age, he became co-editor, with Prof. Goddard, of the R. I. American. Here he pursued his studies, and indulged his literary tastes, occasionally amusing his leisure-hours with writing poetry. While a tutor in coll. he edited a weekly re ligious newspaper called the Columbian Star. Having studied theology, in Oct. 1825 he was ord. pastor of the Second Baptist Church, Bos ton, where he remained until the autumn of 1832, when he became prof, of pastoral duties and sacred rhetoric in the Theol. Inst. at New ton. He pub. Memoirs of Mrs. Judson, and also of Roger Williams, 1834; and conducted the Christian Review. Knowles, JOHN, minister of Watertown, Ms.; d. Lond., Eng., Apr. 10, 1685, a. ab. 85. Educated at Magdalen Hall. Cambridge, and made fellow of Catharine Hall 1627. Came to N. E. in 1638. Ord. colleague with Geo. Phil lips Dec. 9, 1640 ; and was a missionary in Va. early in 1643, but was driven out for non-con formity to the Church of Eng. Returning to Eng. in 1651, he preached in the cathedral of Bristol ; was silenced in 1662 ; and preached, at the hazard of imprisonment, in Lond., where he was useful during the plague in 1665. Calamy. Knbwlton, MINER, soldier and author, b. Ct. 1804; d. Burlington, N. J., 25 Dec. 1870. West Point, 1829. Entering 1st U.S. Art., he became 1st lieut. 23 July, 1835 ; capt. 21 Apr. 1846; retired 26 Oct. 1861. Assist, prof, of math, at West Point 1830-31 and 1832-3 ; as sist, teacher of Freneh 1 833-7; instr. of art. and cav. 1837-44. One of the compilers of "In struction for Field Artillery," adopted G Mar. 1845 for the U.S.A. Aide-de-camp to Marshal Bugeaud in Algeria in 1845; and on the Rio Grande in the Mexican war, 1846. Author of " Notes on Gunpowder, Cannon, and Projec tiles," 1840; "Instr. and Reguls. for Militia and Vols. of U. S.," 1861. Pres. com. coun cil, Burlington, N.J., 1857. Cullum. Knowlton, COL. THOMAS, Revol. officer, b. W. Boxford, Ms., Nov. 30, 1740; d. Sept. 16, 1776. Third son of William, who early in life emigrated to Ashford, Ct. He served six campaigns in the war ending in the conquest of Canada, and assisted in the reduction of Havana in 1762. He then became a farmer ; and, appearing as a vol. in the Ashford militia company upon the Lexington alarm, was unan imously elected capt. Gen. Putnam selected him to com. the fatigue-party which accomp. Col. Prescott to Bunker s Hill. He commenced the construction of the rail-fence protection, and fought there with admirable bravery and con duct until the retreat. Promoted soon after to a majority, he made, Jan. 8, 1776, a daring and successful incursion into Charlestown ; com. a regt. of light inf., which formed the van of the army at N. Y. in 1 776 ; commis d. lieut.-col. of a regt. of rangers selected from the Ct. troops ; and was the confidant of Washington in the en terprise of Nathan Hale. At the battle of Har lem Heights, while exhibiting his usual intre pidity, he fell. Washington, in the Geueraj K2STO 518 IxOH Orders, after alluding to his gallantry and bravery, said he " would have been an honor to any country." Knox, GEN. HENRY, b. Boston, July 25, 1750; d. Thomaston, Me., Oct. 25, 1806. Of Scotch and Irish Prcsb. stock. His father, who d. when he was very young, came from the Is land of St. Eustatius. He possessed a robust and athletic frame, and an enterprising and res olute character. In a shooting-excursion upon the islands, he had the misfortune to mutilate one of his hands. He had a common-school ed ucation ; became a thriving bookseller ; and m. Lucy, dau. of Sec. Flucker, a lady, who, af ter the Revol., became a principal ornament of the first social circle in America. Member of an artillery company, and an officer of the city grenadier corps, he availed himself of every opportunity to study his favorite science. He was active as a vol. aide to Gen. Ward at the Bunker s Hill battle, and soon attracted the notice of "Washington by his skill as an en gineer and artillerist. In Nov. 1775 he was placed in com. of the artillery, and was sent to procure cannon and ordnance-stores from the forts on the Canadian frontier. Early in 1776 he returned, having successfully overcome the difficulties in his way, with a long train of sledges drawn by oxen, bearing more than 50 cannon, mortars, and howitzers, articles great ly needed for the siege of Boston. Made brig.- gen. Dec. 27, 1776, he com. the art. of the main army during the whole war. Jan. 2, 1777, his well-directed fire repulsed Cornwallis s repeated attempts to cross the Assanpink. He shared in the brilliant action at Princeton, and se lected the position of the winter encampment on the high grounds near Morristowu. The failure at German town was partly due to his too rigid adherence to the military maxim, never to leave an enemy s fort in the rear, causing the pursuit to be abandoned at Chew s garri soned house. After the fall of Fort Mifflin, Nov. 15, 1777, he was, with De Kalb and St. Clair, sent to provide for the security of Red Bank. He was prominently engaged in the battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778. Knox sat in the court-martial for the trial of Andre. He contrib. greatly to the successful result at York- town ; was made maj.-gen. March 22, 1782; was one of the commissioners to arrange the exchange of prisoners ; was efficient in allay ing the discontent of the army; was in com. at West Point after the close of hostilities ; and arranged the surrender of New York with Sir Guy Carleton. Knox first suggested the Soci ety of the Cincinnati, and was its sec.-gen. while Washington was its pres. He was sec. of war (performing also the duties of sec. of the navy) Mar. 1785 to Dec. 1795; and subsequently re moved to Thomaston, Me., where he had a large estate, and exercised a magnificent hos pitality. He was frequently a member of the house of representatives and of the council of state. His death was occasioned by having su allowed the bone of a chicken. Knox, JOHN, captain in the British army ; served in N. Amer. ; b. Edinburgh ; d. Dal- keith, 1790. Pub. an "Historical Journal of the Campaigns in N. Amer. in 1757-60," 2 lois. 4 to, London, 1769. Knox, WILLIAM, a British politician and author, b. Ireland, 1732 ; d. Great Baling, Aug. 25, 1810. App. by Halifax one of his Majesty s council, and provost-marshal of Ga. in 1756, he accomp. Gov. Ellis to that Colony. He re turned to Eng. in 1761 ; and, after the peace, drew up a paper for the Earl of Bute, recom mending the creation of a colonial aristocracy, and giving the Colonies representation in the British parliament. He was soon after app. agent for Georgia and East Florida. In 1765 he pub. two pamphlets in defence of the Stamp Act, one entitled "A Letter to a Member of Parliament ; " the other, " The Claims of the Colonies to an Exemption from Internal Tax es," &c. His services as agent of that Colony were, in consequence, dispensed with. He pub. in 1768 his principal political work, "The Pres ent State of the Nation," answered by Burke, who was in turn replied to by Knox in 1769. He pub. at the same time " The Controversy between Great Britain and her Colonies re newed," &c. As a reward for his efforts in sup port of British supremacy, he was app. in 1770 joint under-secretary of state with Pownall. In 1 774 he pub. a pamphlet in defence of the " Quebec Act ; " and soon after drew up a " Project of a Permanent Union and Settle ment with the Colonies," which seems to have served as a basis for Lord North s conciliatory proposition of 1776. He continued under-sec, till 1782, when the office was suppressed. He was still consulted with regard to the remain ing Colonies and their trade; and drew up an order in council, July, 1783, utterly excluding Amer. shipping from the West Indies. He submitted the plan for erecting the Province of New Brunswick, in 1784, for the accommoda tion of the loyalists from the Northern States. He was an agent for prosecuting the claims of the Ga. loyalists for compensation for losses ; and had a pension of 600 settled on himself, and a like sum for his wife, as Amer. sufferers. In 1789 he prb. the valuable " Extra-official State Papers." He pub. several other books. O Cauaghan. Knyphausen (knip -how -zen), BARON WILLIAM VON, lieut.-gen., 2d in com. of the Hessian troops in the British service in the Ecvol. war; b. Alsace, 1730; d. Berlin, Prus sia, May 2, 1789. Remarkable for taciturnity and reserve, and an excellent officer. His fa ther was col. of a German regt. in the service of the Duke of Marl borough. The gen. commenced his military career in the service of the father of Frederick the Great. He subsequently served in the wars waged by the latter against Austria. He arrived in America in June, 1776, and was engaged in the battle of Long Island in Aug. following ; also present at White Plains ; aided in the capture of Fort Washington in Nov. 1776 ; in the battles of Brandy wine and Mon mouth; corn, an exped. to Springfield, N. J. ; and in the absence of Sir H. Clinton in June, 1780, was in com. of the city of New York. Kohl (kol), DR. JOHN GEORGE, traveller and author, I). Bremen, 28 April, 1808; now (1875) a resident of that city. Educated to the law at Gottingen, Heidelberg, and Munich. Afterward a private tutor in Courland, and traveller in Russia. In 1838 he settled in 519 Dresden ; then travelled over Europe, and pub. the -results in a series of volumes. In 1854-8 he prepared for the U.S. Govt. a scries of val uable maps of America, and travelled over the country. Among some 20 of his pubs, are " Travels in Canada," 1855 ; " Travels in the U.S.," 1857; "Kitchi Garni, or Tales from Lake Superior," 1860; "History of the Two Oldest Charts of the New World," made in Spain, 1861; "Geographical Hist, of Ameri ca," 1866; " Descript. Catalogue of Maps, Charts, and Surveys relat. to Atner., in Hak- luyt, vol. iii.," 1857. His valuable "Hist, of the Discovery of the East Coast of N. A." was pub. in the Me. Hist. Colls., 2d ser. vol. i., 1869. He had lectured before many learned societies. A translation of his "History of the Discovery of America" was published in England in 1862. Kohne, FREDERICK, a philanthropic mer chant, b. liheda, in Westphalia, March 30, 1757; d. Phila. May "26, 1829. He came to Phila. in 1780, and engaged in business in Charleston, S.C. Having by his own exer tions acquired a fortune of ab. $750,000, and having no children of his own, he gave more than two-thirds of it to objects of charity. He gave $100,000 each to the Theol. Sem. of the Epis. Church, and to the House of Refuge in Pa. , $60,000 to the Orphan Society of Phila. ; and $20,000 each to the Gen. Prot. Ep. Sun day-school Union, and to the Pa. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Kollock, HENRY, D. D. (H. U. 1806), clergyman, b. New Providence, N. J., Dec. 14, 1778 ; d. Savannah, Ga., Dec. 29, 1819. N. J. Coll. 1794. Tutor at N. J. Coll. 1797-1800. Licensed to preach May 7, 1800, in Dec. he became pastor of a church at Elizabethtown ; but in Dec. 1803 became prof, of divinity at N. J. Coll. From 1806 till his death, he was pastor of the Indep. Pres. Church, Savannah. As a preacher he had a brilliant reputation. His sermons were pub. in 4 vols. 8vo, Sav. Ib22, with a Memoir by his bro. S. K. Kol lock. Kollock, SHEPHERD, Revol. officer, and editor, b. Lewes, Del., Sep. 1750 ;d. Phila. July 28, 1839. Early in the struggle, he was com missioned a lieut. ; was at the battles of Trenton, Fort Lee, Short Hills, and other en gagements; resigned in 1779, and established a newspaper, the N. J. Journal, at the village of Chatham; in 1783 he removed his press to the city of N.Y., and established the N.Y. Gazetteer ; in 1787 removed to Elizabethtown, and revived the N. J. Journal, which he con tinued to edit 31 years. He held the office of judge of common pleas for 35 years ; postmas ter of E. till 1829. Kollock, SHEPPARD KOSCIUSKO, D.D., bro. of Henry, b. Elizabethtown, N. J,, 29 June, 1795 ; d. Apr. 7, 1865. Princeton Coll. 1812. Prof, rhetoric and logic in U. of N.C. D.D. 1850. Licensed to preach in June, 1814 ; ord. pastor of the Presb. churi-h, Oxford, N. C., in May, 1818 ; of the Presb. church, Norfolk, Va., 1325-35, afterward of Burlington, N.J., and of Greenwich, N. J. Pub. an edition of Hen- rv Kollock s " Sermons with Memoir," 4 vols. 8vo, 1822; " Ministerial Character ;" "Best Method of Delivering Sermons ; " " Eulogy on Edmund M. Mason ;" discourse On Duel ling ; " " On the Perseverance of the Saints ; " "Pastoral Reminiscences," N.Y. 12mo, 1849. Kosciuszko (kos-se-us -ko), TADEUSZ, a Polish patriot, b. Lithuania, Feb. 12, 1756 ; d. Soleure, Switzerland, Oct. 16, 1817. He was of noble descent; was educated at the Milit. Acad. of Warsaw, and (at the expense of the State) in France. On his return to Poland, he was made a capt. ; but an unhappy passion for the dau. of the marshal of Lithuania induced him to leave Poland, and offer his services to the Americans. Armed with the recommen dation of Franklin, on presenting himself to Washington, he answered his inquiry, " What do you seek here?" by saying, "I come to fight as a volunteer for American independ ence." " What can you do ? " " Try me," was the laconic reply. Washington made him an aide-de-camp, and Oct. 18, 1776, col. of en gineers. He planned the encampment of Gates at Bemis s Heights, from which Burgoyne found it impossible to dislodge him; and was the principal engineer in executing the works at West Point. In June, 1781, he aided Greene in the unsuccessful siege of Ninety-Six. For his services he received the thanks of Con gress, the badge of the Cincinnati, and the brevet of brig.-gen. After the war he returned to Poland, where he fought gallantly under Poniatowski against the Russians, particularly at Zieleuce, June 18, and at Dubienka, July 17, 1792; but the patriots were finally over whelmed, and Kosciuszko retired to Leipsic. In 1 794 another rising of the Poles took place : Kosciuszko was placed at its head, and at Raclawice, April 4, 1794, with 5,000 peasants, armed mostly with scythes, routed a Russian corps of twice that number. He committed the conduct of the govt. to a national council, and marched against his foes. The combined armies of Russia and Prussia, who had attacked Warsaw, were, after several bloody conflicts, compelled by the Polish chief to raise the siege. Austria now added her weight to his enemies, who, with 150,000 men, came upon him, Oct. 10, at Macicjowice. After a long conflict, Kosciuszko, who had repelled 3 attacks, fell covered with wounds, uttering the prophetic lament, " Finis Polonice ! " He was imprisoned in St. Petersburg until the accession of the Em peror Paul, who, on freeing him, offered him his own sword. " I have no need of a sword," said Kosciuszko: "I have no country to de fend." Visiting the U.S. in 1797, he was re ceived with marked distinction, and, in addition to his pension, received from Congress a grant of land. He afterwards resided in France, near Fontainebleau. In 1806 Napoleon sought in vain to engage him in his schemes relative to Poland, Kosciuszko refusing to lend himself to his purposes without a guaranty of Polish freedom. In 1816 he went to live at Soleure, Switzerland. His death was caused by a fall from his horse over a precipice. His remains lie beside those of Poniatowski and Sobieski in the Cathedral Church of Cracow. The cadets at West Point erected an elegant monument to his memory. Krauth, CHARLES PHILIP, sen., D.D^ 520 clergyman and scholar, b. Northampton Co., Pa., 1796; d. Gettysburg, Pa., May 3, 1867. lie studied medicine; but in 1820 became pas tor of the Shepherdstown Lutheran Church, where his abilities soon became known. In 1821 he was on the committee to draw up the formula for the govt. and discipline of the Evangelical Lutheran Church; in 1825 he a>sisted in preparing a Hymn-Book, Liturgy, and Prayers for the use of the churches of the district synods ; in 1831 he was placed upon the editing committee of 15 ; was often a dele gate to the general synod, served on many of its committees, and was repeatedly its presi dent. From 1827 to 1834 he was pastor of St. Matthew s Lutheran Church, Phila., and was regarded as one of the finest pulpit orators of that citv. From 1834 to 1847 he was pres. of Pa. Coll. From 1847 till his death, he was prof, of biblical philology and eccl. history in the Gettysburg Theol. Sem. He pub. some addresses, and furnished many articles for the Lutheran Intelligencer and the Evangelical Re- vie w. Krauth, CHARLES PORTERFIELD, son of the preceding, b. Martinsburg, Va., 17 Mar. 1823. U. of Pa. 1839. Ord. 1842; succes sively pastor at Baltimore ; Winchester, Va. ; Pitts burg, Pa. ; St. Mark s Church, Phila., in 1859-63; prof, of theology, Lutheran Sem., Phila., 1864-8; and since 1868 prof, of moral and intell. philos. U. of Pa. Has pub. " The Pastoral Office," 1845; "The Transfigura tion," 1850; "Popular Amusements/ 1851; "The Bible a Perfect Book," 1851; "The Old Church on the Hill," 1854; "The Lu theran Church and the Lord s Day," 1857, &c. ; Transl. of Tholuck s Commentary on the Gospel of St. John. Contrib. to numerous reviews and periodicals. In 1861 he became editor of the Lutheran and Missionary, Phila. Krebs, JOHN MICHAEL, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 1841), Presb. clergyman, b. Hagerstown, Md., May 6, 1804; d. N.Y. City, Sept. 30, 1867. Dick. Coll. 1827 ; Princet. Theol. Sem. 1830. He spent his leisure time in study while a clerk in the employ of his father, who was postmas ter of Hagerstown. Having studied theology under Dr. Duffield, he was in Oct. 1829 li censed to preach ; and from 1830 to hisd. was pastor of the Rutgers-st. Church, N.Y. From 1837 to 1845 he was permanent clerk of the Presb. Gen. Assembly (O.S.), and in 1845 was moderator. He was a director of the Prince ton Sem. from 1842, and became pres. of the board in 1866. He had been a member of the Board of Foreign Missions from its organiza tion, and for several years its pres. Author of numerous works, including " The Purpose and Success of the Gospel," 1833 ; " Righteousness and National Prosperity," 1835 ; " The Prov ident of God in the Calamities of Men," 1835 ; " The Leader Fallen," 1841; " Merciful Rebuker," 1841 ; " Reciprocal Relations of Physicians and Clergymen ; " " The American Citizen," 1851; " The Presbyterian Psalmist," 1852. Kuhn, ADAM, M.D., b. Germantown, Pa., Nov. 28, 1741 ; d. Phila. July 5, 1817. He btudied medicine under his father, and at the U. of Upsul in 1762, also studying botany under Linnaeus. He took the degree of M.D at the U. of Edinburgh, June 12, 1767 ; pub. the thesis, " De Lavatione Frigida." Return ing, he settled in practice in Phila. ; in Jan. 1768 was app. prof, of materia medica in the Phila. Coll. ; prof, of the theory and practice of medicine in the U. of Pa. in Nov. 1789 ; and prof, of the practice of ph vsic from the junction of the Coll. and U. in Jan. 1792 till 1797. He was a physician of the Pa. Hospital from May, 1775, to Jan. 1798 ; and was pres. of the College of Physicians from July, 1808, till his death. Thacher. Kunkel, JOHN C., lawyer and M.C. from Pa. 1857-9, one of the ablest speakers and most gifted men of Pa. ; d. Harrisburg, Pa., 14 Oct. 1870. Kunze, EDWARD J., sculptor, b. Porne- rania, Prussia, 1826; d. N.Y. City, 10 Apr. 1870. At 18 he came to the U.S., and, devot ing himself to his art, achieved a high repu tation. Kunze, JOHN CHRISTOPHER, D.D., b. Saxony, 1744; d. N.Y. July 24, 1807. U. of Halle. In 1771 he was called to the Lu theran congregations in Phila. of St. Michael s and Zion s churches, where he continued 14 years. He was one of the first of his educated countrymen to urge the propriety of educating German youth in English. In 1784 he re moved to N.Y., where he had charge of the Lutheran church 23 years, and was prof, of ancient languages from 1784 to 1787 and from 1792 to 1795 in Col. Coll. He composed and pub. in 1795 a hymn-book of German hymns translated into English verse. He also pre pared a liturgy and catechism in English. Pres. of the second synod of the Amer. Lu theran church, and was celebrated for the be nevolence of his character. Author of " Hist, of the Christian Religion and of the Lutheran Church," " Eclipse of June 10, 1806 " See Hazrlius s Hist, of the Amer, Lut/t. Church. Kyan, JOHN H., inventor of the process of hardening wood, making what is called " Kyanized " wood; b. Eng. ; d. N.Y. 9 Jan. 1850, a. 75. Member of many European scientific societies. Labaree, BENJAMIN, D.D. (U. of Vt. 1841), LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1864), educator, b. Charlestown, N.H., June 3, 1801. Dartm. Coll. 1828; And. Sem. 1831. Ord. at Brad ford, Ms., Sept. 26, 1831. Prof, of Latin and Greek, Jackson Coll., Columbia, Tenn., 1832- 6, and pres. from 1836 to Apr. 1837 ; sec. of the Central Education Soc. at N.Y. ; pres. of Middlebury Coll. Oct. 1, 1840, to 1866 ; pastor at Hyde Park, Ms., 1869-71. Labat (la- ba ), JOHN BAPTIST, a French missionary, b. Paris, 1663; d. there Jan. 6 1 738. At the age of 20 he entered the Dominican order, and, after acting as prof, of philosophy at Nancy, embarked in 1693 for the W. Indies as a missionary. He was some time cure of Macouba in Martinique, but in 1696 passed to Guadaloupe, where he established a station of his order, and also disting. himself as an engineer and agriculturist. He explored the archipelago of the Antilles; founded in 1703 the city of Basse Terre ; in 1 705 returned to Europe, and travelled through Spain, survey- 521 ing the environs and coast of Andalusia, to Italy, where he remained several years, and wrote his "Nouveau Voyage aux Isles de I Am- rique," 6 vols., Paris, 1722. During several voyages in the service of the mission, he visited all the Antilles, and, on the attack of Guada- loupe by the English in 1703, he rendered im portant services as an engineer. He also pub. " A Description of the Countries on the Sene gal and between Cape Blanco and Sierra Leone," and a translation of Cavazzi s work on Western Ethiopia. La Borde, MAXIMILIAN, physician and scholar, b. Edgefield, S.C., June 5, 1804. S.C. Coll. 1821. His father was from Bordeaux. Abandoning the study of law for that of med., he was grad. at the S.C. Med. Coll. in 1826. He practised his profession 13 years, occasionally representing Edgefield dist. in the lower house of the State legisl., and, edited the Edgefield Advertiser in 1 836. In 1 838 he was elected sec. of state ; in 1842 he accepted the chair of logic and belles-lettres in S. C. Coll. ; became prof, of metapysics 1845, and of rhetoric in 1865. He taught chiefly by lecture till 1855, when he pub. a text-book on physiology, which is highly esteemed. He has been a frequent contrib. to the South. Quarterly Review, and has contrib. to Russell s and other Southern magazines. In Aug. 1 859 he pub. an elaborate " History of the S C. Coll., with Sketches of its Presidents and Professors." Appleton. Lacey, GEN. JOHN, Revol. officer, b. Bucks Co., Pa., Feb. 4, 1755; d. New Mills, N.J., Feb. 17, 1814. Though brought up a Quaker, he took com. of a vol. company, and Jan. 6, 1776, was made a capt. in Wayne s regt., with which he served in Canada. He was made in 1777 su!)-lieut. of Bucks County, and lieut.-col. of militia, and, at the head of 400 men, joined Gen. Potter s brigade at Whitemarsh in Nov. 1777. While thus engaged he was in frequent skirmishes with the enemy. Before he was 23 he received the app. of brig.-gen. (Jan. 9, 1778), and had a most harassing duty to per form on the lines while the British army occu pied Phila. He was a member of the Assem bly in 1778; a member of the council in 1779- 81 ; and from Aug. 1780 to Oct. 1781 was in active service with a brigade of militia. He soon afterwards removed to New Mills, Bur lington Co., N. J., where he became largely concerned in iron-works. He was many years a judge, and justice of the county where he re sided ; and also a member of the legisl. Rogers. La Corne, CHEVALIER PIERRE, an active Canadian officer. Son of Capt. La Corne, town-major of Quebec in 1719. He was, with Sieur Joncaire, on an embassy to the Indians of Niagara in 1720. In 1747, with M. de St. Pierre, he defeated the Indian incursion at La Chene Rapids ; was sent to Acadia with De Ramezay, succeeding to the command when that officer was wounded in the action at Grand Pre . In this affair he attacked and carried the nouse of Col. Noble, who was killed in its de fence. In 1749 he was sent, with the priest La Loutre, to seduce the Acadians from their allegiance to Eng., and to induce them to re move north of the Bay of Fundy and the Isthmus, ")ut failed in the attempt. At this time he is said to have com. ab. 2,500 men He was actively employed in Canada for th next ten years ; was wounded in the action at the Rapids, Lake Ontario, in 1759; and was disting. in com. of a batt. of Colonial troops, and again wounded at the capture of Quebec. By his intimate knowledge of the Indian lan guages he was of great service to the govt. Lacunza, JOSE MARIA, Mexican poet, b. ab. 1809; d. Havana, June 19, 1869. He re ceived an excellent education ; came to the bar ab. 1834; and was in the council of Santa Ana in 1843-4, and at a later period. When Maxi milian came into power, he found him the most eminent lawyer of the capital, and favorably disposed toward himself, and made him, in Nov. 1864, minister of state and pres. of the council. He resigned in Nov. 1865, and a few months later escaped to Havana. His poems, which have great merit, have passed through several editions. Ladd, JOSEPH BROWN, poet and physi cian, b. Newport, R.I., 1764; d. Charleston, S.C., Nov. 2, 1786, from a wound received in a duel. Son of William, a soldier of the Re vol. (member of the R.I. legisl. and of the con vention which ratified the Federal Constitution ), who d. Alexandria, Va., Dec. 4, 1800, a. 64. The son removed to Charleston, S. C., ab. 1784, and was soon engaged in extensive prac tice. In 1785 he was app. Fourth of July orator at the second celebration of the day in Charleston. His writings, under the signature of " Arouet," pub. in 1786, display genius. A sketch of his life, with poems, was pub. in 1832, by W. B. Chittenden. Ladd, WILLIAM, philanthropist, b. Exeter, N. H., May 10, 1778; d. Portsmouth, N. II., Apr. 9, 1841. H.U. 1797. Engaging in mer cantile pursuits, he made several foreign voy ages, as supercargo or captain. He took an active part in organizing the American Peace Society, of which he was for many years pres., and in behalf of which he labored efficient ly until the close of his life. He edited the Friend of Peace, commenced by Dr. Noah Worcester, and the Harbinger of Peace ; and pub. a number of essays and occasional ad dresses on the subject of peace. He carried his vieAVS to the extreme of denying the right to maintain defensive war, and caused this prin ciple to be incorporated into the constitution of the American Peace Society. Author of " An Essay on a Congress of Nations," 8vo, Bost. 1840. Laet, JOHN DE, historian and geographer, b. Antwerp ; d. there at the close of 1 649. Lit tle is known of him, except that he was a di rector of the Dutch E. India Co. and intimate with Saumiase. He left some very useful works, the chief of which are, " Novus Orbis" folio, Leyden, 1633, an account of America, much used by later geographers, and which in volved him in a controversy with Grotius con cerning the origin of the Americans ; " Historia Naturalis Brasi/ice," folio, 1640; " De Regis Hi - panics Regnio et Opibus," 8vo ; " Respublica Bel- garum ; " " Gallia ; " " Turcici Imperil Status; " and " Persici Imperil Status." The four last form part of the little books called " Reipubli: cce," printed by Elzevir. Biog. Univ. 522 Lafayette, MARIE JEAN PAUL ROCH YVES GILBERT MOTIER, marquis de, soldier and statesman, b. at Chavagnac, Auvergne, Sept. 6, 1757; d. Paris, May 19, 1834. One of his ancestors was a distinguished marshal of France ; another, Mine, de Lafayette, wus one of the most brilliant ornaments of the court of Louis XIV. His father fell in the battle of Minden; and, his mother dying in 1770, he was left the heir to an immense estate. He was ed ucated at the college of Plessis ; and at 16 m. a grand-daughter of the Duke de Noailles. En tering the army, he was a capt. in a dragoon regt. at Metz, when, in the summer of 1776, hearing that the American Colonies had de clared their independence, he at once resolved to aid them ; secretly fitted out a vessel ; and, with the Baron de Kalb and 10 other officers, set sail, eluding the officers sent to prevent his departure. After a long and stormy passage he landed near Georgetown, S.C. His arrival produced a great sensation, and gave a power ful impulse to the patriot cause. He addressed a letter to Congress, asking leave to serve as a volunteer without pay. That body gave him, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family, and connections, the rank of maj.-gen. July 31, 1777 ; and he was invited by Washington to be come a member of his military family. A vol unteer at the battle of Brandy wine, Sept. 11, while rallying the retreating Americans, he re ceived a bullet-wound in the leg. App. to com. an exped. to Canada by the machinations of the cabal hostile to Washington, he saw through the artifice, and, by Washington s advice, ac cepted the post ; but the plan failed for want of means. On the night of May 19, Gen. Grant undertook to surprise Lafayette at Barren Hill, near Phila., but was foiled. At Monmouth he attacked the British with vigor and success, until Lee ordered him to fall back. Returning home in 1779, he was welcomed there with ex traordinary enthusiasm by all classes. It was mainly due to his efforts that the army of Ro- chambeau was sent to America. May 11, 1780, he rejoined Washington. He was one of the court convened at Tappan, Sept. 29, by whom Maj. Andre was tried as a spy, and condemned to death. Early in 1781 he was sent with 1,200 men to assist in the defence of Va. From his own funds he supplied shoes, hats, and tents to his destitute army. Pursued by Cornwallis, he skilfully retreated until joined by Wayne s force of 800 men, when he advanced, and placed himself between the British army and large quantities of stores at Charlottesville. Con tinuing his retreat, Cornwallis at last took post at Yorktown. Lafayette stationed his force so as to cut off the retreat of the British into the Carolinas. and awaited the arrival of Washing ton and Rochambeau. For his services at the siege of Yorktown, where, in conjunction with Hamilton, he com. one of the assailing parties, he was publicly thanked by Washington on the day after the surrender of Cornwallis. He then returned to France, and was made a maj.-gen. in the French army. Congress, in granting him leave of absence, passed resolutions acknowledg ing his eminent services. In 1784 he again visited the U.S., and was everywhere received with affection and respect. Ho was a member of the Assembly of Notables at Paris in 1787 : where he denounced the abuses of the govt. and demanded the convocation of the States-gener al. July 15, 1789, he was app. com. -in-chief of the national guards. When the abolition of titles was decreed, he laid down that of mar quis, and henceforth was known only as the gen eral. When the Constitution was adopted (July 14, 1790), he resigned his com. Mar. 20, 1792, he was app. to the com. of one of the armies sent to guard the frontier. He established disci pline, and won victories at Philippeville, Mau- beuge, and Florennes, but he was denounced by the Jacobins, and his arrest decreed. Quitting his command, he crossed the frontier Aug. 17, intending to take refuge in Holland, but was taken by the Austrians, and confined in the dun geons of Olmutz, where he remained until set free (Aug. 25, 1 797 ) by the treaty of Campo For- mio. A daring attempt for his rescue, by Dr. Erick Bollman and Francis K. Huger, was near being successful. At the close of 1799 he estab lished himself at his estate of La Grange, about 40 miles from Paris. In 1818 he was elected to the chamber of deputies, where he was a sup porter of all liberal measures. Invited by Con gress to visit the U. S. in 1824, he landed at N. Y. Aug. 15; and his progress through the country resembled a continuous triumphal pro cession. Cong, in Dec. 1 824 voted him $200,000, and a township of land, in consideration of his important services in the Revol. He ret. to France in Sept. 1825. In 1827 he was re-elected to the chamber of deputies. During the revol. of July, 1830, of which he was the acknowledged leader, he rendered great service to the liberal cause. He sacrificed his own republican pref erences for the sake of peace and order, and placed Louis Philippe on the throne, confining himself to his duties as a representative of the people. His son, GEORGE WASH. LAFAYETTE (H. U. 1824), d. La Grange, Dec. 1, 1849. See Memoirs, Corrcsp.,and MSS. of Gen. L., pub. by his Family, 3 vols. 8vo, Loud. 1837. Laflteau, JOSEPH FRANCIS, a French Jes uit and missionary among the Iroquois Indians, 1712-17, b. Bordeaux, 1670; d. there July 3, 1 746. He pub. upon his return to Europe "Mceurs des Sauvages Americains," &c., Paris, 2 vols. 4to, 1723 ; also a work on the Discoveries and Con quests of the Portuguese in the New World, Paris, 4 vols. 12mo, 1733 ; reprinted in 2 vols. 4to, 1753. In the former he maintained that the North-American Indians are descended from the barbarians who inhabited Greece at an early period. Prof, of belles-lettres after his return to France. Biog. Univ. Lafltte, JEAN, a corsair of the Gulf of Mexico, b. France, ab. 1780 ; d. at sea in 1817, or at Sisal, Yucatan, in 1826. There is much obscurity as to the events of his career. In 1813-14 he was at the head of a formidable band of desperadoes whose headquarters were on the Island of Grand Terre in Barataria Bay. This bay afforded a secure retreat for their fleet of small vessels ; and their goods were smuggled into New Orleans in boats, through an intricate labyrinth of lakes, bayous, and swamps, to a point a little above the city. In 1814 an exped. was sent against them under Commodore Patterson. The settlement of 523 T.AT, Grand Terrc, with all the vessels in port at the time, were taken ; but Lafitte and his comrades escaped into the interior, and resumed their operations as soon as Patterson retired. Over tures were, ab. this time, made to Lafitte by the commanders of the British naval and military forces in the gulf, offering him $30,000 and a commission in the British navy, on condition of obtaining his services in conducting the con templated exped. to N. Orleans. He immedi ately wrote to Gov. Claiborne of La., enclosing the documents from Capt. Lockyer, and offer ing his services in defence of La. on the sole condition of pardon to himself and followers for the offences with which they stood charged. Lafitte s offer was, after some hesitation, ac cepted. In connection with an officer of the army, he was employed in fortifying the passes of Barataria Bay, and rendered efficient service in com. of a party of his followers in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815. His subsequent career is in volved in obscurity ; but it is believed, that, after the war, he for a time com. a packet ply ing between Phila. and N. Orleans, and sub sequently resumed his old pursuits, taking a privateer s commission either from New Gra nada or Mexico, and that, while thus engaged, he formed a settlement on the site of the pres ent city of Galveston, which was broken up in 1821 by a naval force under Lieut. Kearney. Lafitte was tall, well-formed, and handsome, easy and polished in manner, and winning and affable in his address. It is supposed that he was of a respectable family, and that his early opportunities for education had been good. Applet on. Lafon, BARTHELEMY, geographer ; d. N. Orleans, Sept. 29, 1820. He pub. a map of Lower Louisiana and N. Orleans. About 1814 he proposed for pub. " Urane Geography," designed to prove that America was known to the ancients. Lafontaine, SIR Louis HYPOLITE, a Canadian statesman, b. Boucherville, C. E., Oct. 1807; d. Montreal, Feb. 26, 1864. His grandfather, Antoine Menard, was a member of the Canadian parliament from 1796 to 1804. He studied for the bar; became a prominent politician; and being supposed, from his con nection with the French Canadian opposition, to be in sympathy with the insurgents of 1837, a reward was offered for his arrest ; and he fled to Eng. and thence to France. Sub sequently called to the councils of Lord Dur ham and of Sir Charles Bagot, his party came into power in Mar. 1848 ; and he was premier from the resignation of Mr. Baldwin until Oct. 1851. Resuming his law-office, he became chief justice of the Court of Queen s Bench, Aug. 13, 1853. Created bart. Aug. 28, 1854. Morgan. La Forest, ANTOINE RENE CHARLES MATHURIN, comte de, diplomatist, b. Aire, France, 8 Aug. 1756 ; d.-2 Aug. 1846. Quit ting the regt. of Hainaut, he entered the di plomatic service in 1774; was attached in Nov. 1 778 to the French legation in the U.S., and was successively vice-consul at Sa\annah, Phila., and N. YoVk, and in 1785 succeeded Marbois as consul-gen. He returned to France in 1 792 ; was again consul-gen, to the U.S. in 1794-5 ; was placed at the head of the French post- office after the 18th brumaire ; in 1800 was minister-plenipo. to the Congress of Luneville ; minister to Berlin 1803-6, and to Spain 1 SOS- IS ; made peer of France, 3 Mar. 1819 ; minis ter of State, and member of the privy council in 1825. La Hontan, ARMAND Louis, de Delon- darce de, baron, b. near Mont de St. Marsan, Gascony, ab. 1 667 ; d. Hanover, 1715. Came to Canada a private soldier in 1683 ; was stationed successively at var. frontier posts ; was at Sault Ste. Marie ; in 1688 at Michilimacinac ; at Green Bay in 1689 ; and thence proceeded to the Mpi. He rose to the rank of an officer, and was sent by Count Frontenac to France with the de spatches announcing the failure of SirWilliam Phipps s attack on Quebec. Afterwards dep.- gov. of Placentia, he got embroiled with his superior; made his escape in a merchant-vessel ; was subsequently dismissed the service ; and, being threatened with arrest, fled to Spain, and passed the remainder of his life in foreign coun tries, settling finally in Denmark. Disappointed in 1697 in the endeavor to be restored to favor, he vented his spleen in writing his travels, enti tled " Nouveaux Voyages de M. le Baron de La Hontan dans I Ame rique Septentrionalc," 3 vols. 12mo, 1703, a work of slight authority, and written in a coarse and vulgar style. Laidlie, ARCHIBALD, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1770), first minister of the Dutch church in America, who officiated in the Eng. language, b. Kelso, Scotland, 1720; d. Red Hook, N.Y., Nov. 14, 1779, during his exile caused by the war. Previous to his call to N.Y. in 1764, he had been 4 years minister of Flushing, Zea land. He m. the dau. of Col. Martin Hoffman. He had a vigorous mind ; was a sound divine and powerful preacher. Lake, GERARD, viscount, an Eng. gen., b. July 27, 1744; d. Feb. 20, 1808. Ensign in the Foot Guards in 1758, and served in Ger many during the seven-years war. In 1781 he was in Amer. ; lieut.-col. under Cornwallis, and disting. himself by conducting a very successful sortie at the siege of Yorktown, where he was, together with the whole British army, made prisoner. He afterward served in Holland and Ireland ; was com.-in-chief in India in 1SOO-6 ; and was created Lord Lake, Baron Dehly and Laswarri ; and was soon after raised to the rank of viscount, and made gov. of Plymouth, and gen. in the army. Lake, WILLIAM, poet, b. Kingston, Pa., 1787; d. Dec. 17, 1805. His poems, entitled " The Parnassian Pilgrim," were pub. at Hud son, 12mo, 1807. Lallemand (lal -mon ), CHARLES FRED ERICK ANTOINE, baron, a French soldier, b, Metz, 1774 ; d. Paris, 9 Mar. 1839. He served under Napoleon ; com. a division at Waterloo; and then went to Eng., and requested to be sent to join the emperor, but was arrested, and imprisoned at Malta. He afterward came to the U.S., and with his younger bro., Baron Henry, planned in 1818 a colony in the West as an asylum for European political exiles ; and 100,000* acres of land were granted by the U.S. for the purpose. A spot was selected in Texas, but the Spaniards warned off the new-comers* 524 who returned to Galveston. He returned to Paris in 1 830 ; was restored to his rank of lieut.- gen. ; and, under Louis Philippe, held the com. of Corsica two years. HENRY, who was a dis- ting. artillery officer, m. a niece of Stephen Girard,. settled at Bordentown, N. J., d. Sept. 15, 1823, a. 46. Author of "A Treatise on Artillery," 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1820. Lamar, JOSE, ex-pres. of Peru; d. Cartago, Central America, Nov. 15, 1830. Lamar, MIRABEAU B., soldier and politi cian, b. Louisville, Ga., Aug. 16, 1798 ; d. Richmond, Texas, Dec. 19, 1859. He was some years engaged in mercantile and farming pursuits; established in 1828 the Columbus In quirer, a State s rights journal ; and was active in politics until his removal (in 1835) to Texas. At the battle of San Jacinto he contrib. great ly to the successful issue by the charge of the cavalry under his command. He soon became atty.-gen. and afterward sec, of war. In 1836 he "was elected first vice-pres. of Texas, hav ing for some months previous held the rank of maj.-gen. From 1838 to 1841 he was pres. of Texas. In 1846 he joined Gen. Taylor at Matamoras, and was in the battle of Monterey ; and was afterwards engaged in checking the incursions of the Comanches. U.S. minister to Nicaragua and Costa Rica just previous to his death. Author of a vol. of poems entitled " Verse Memorials," N.Y. 1857. Lamb, GEN. JOHN, b. N.Y. Jan. 1, 1735; d. there May 31, 1800. He first followed the occupation of his father (optician and math, instr. maker), but in 1760 engaged in the liquor- trade. He was active in all the early scenes of the Revol. in N.Y. ; in 1775, as a capt. of art., accomp. Montgomery to Quebec ; was active and brave during the siege, and was wounded and made prisoner at its close. He returned to N.Y. the ensuing summer; was promoted to maj., and attached to the regt. of art. under Knox ; commiss. col. of the N.Y. art. Jan. 1, 1777 ; and did good service through the war, closing his military career at Yorktown. He was soon afterward elected to the N.Y. Assem bly. Washington app. him coll. of customs for the port of N.Y., which office he held till his death. See Life of Lamb, by Isaac Q. LeaJce, 8vo, Albany, 1850. Lambert, JOHN, M.C. from N. J. 1805-9 ; U.S. senator 1809-15 ; and acting gov. of N.J. in 1802-3 ; d. Amwell, N. J., Feb. 4, 1823, a. 75. Member N. J. legisl. and vice-pres. of the council. Lambert, SIR JOHN, a British gen., b. 1772; d. 1847. Ensign first Foot Guards 1791 ; lieut. Oct. 1793; capt. May, 1801 ; col. July, 1810; maj.-gen. June, 1813. He was at the sieges of Valenciennes and Dunkirk ; in the Irish rebellion, the exped. to Walcheren, and in the Peninsular campaigns under Wellington. In Dec. 1814 he accomp. Sir E. Pakenham s exped. to N. Orleans as 3d in com., and was severely wounded in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815. Lameth (la -ma ), ALEXANDER, soldier, politician, and author, b. Paris, Oct. 28, 1760; d. March 19, 1829. Like his bro. Charles, he took a position on Rocharnbeau s staff as aide- de-camp, and, when the French re vol. broke out, was its warm advocate. He joined tho Army of the North, afterward that defending the Ardennes, but, being accused at Paris, quit ted the army, and was arrested and confined at Magdeburg by the Austrians until 1795. In 1802 Napoleon made him prefect of the Basses Alpes. In 1814 he was made prefect of the Somme, and lieut.-gen. by Louis XVIII. In 1821 he became deputy for the Seine Liferieure, and a leader of the opposition. He wrote much on politics and political economy. THEO DORE, another bro., fought in Amer., was wounded at the combat of Granada, was a con stitutionalist like his bros., and a member of the Assembly, d. 1837. Lameth, CHARLES MALO FRANCIS, count de, a French soldier and politician, b. Oct. 5, 1757 ; d. Paris, Dec. 28, 1832. A capt., when Rochambeau came to the aid of the U.S. he went on his staff as aide major-gen, de l&jis, had his leg broken at the capture of a British redoubt at Yorktown, and was rewarded with the cross of St. Louis. He was one of the first of the nobles to join the people, but became a decided constitutionalist, and theco-adjutor of Lafayette, under whom he served in the Army of the North as gen. of cav., sharing his flight from France in Aug. 1792. Returning to Par is in 1800, he held a military office under Na poleon ; was a member of the chamber of dep uties in 1827; and afterward a partisan of Louis Philippe. La Mountain, JOHN, aeronaut: d. South Bend, Ind., 14 Feb. 1870, a. 41. Believing in an atmospheric current corresp. with the Gulf Stream in the ocean, and setting from east to west, he built " The Atlantic/ one of the largest and strongest balloons ever made, and left St. Louis, passed over Lake Erie ; and, while crossing Lake Ontario, it was seized by a tornado, and left a wreck in the woods of Jefferson Co.,- N.Y. During the civil war he turned his attention to military balloons, and was engaged in the U.S. service. His last voy age occasioned his death. An impatient crowd cast him off before he was ready, without an overcoat, and the valve-rope tied several feet above the basket. He shot up into a heavy cloud of mist and sleet, which froze the valve- board fast. He climbed the net-work, and tore the balloon open with his teeth. The balloon collapsed, and fell with great velocity from a height of nearly 2 miles, his system receiving a shock from which it never recovered. Lampson, SIR CURTIS MIRANDA, bart., b. Vt., 21 Sept. 1806. Went to Eng. in 1830; was naturalized there in 1848; and 13 Nov. 1868 was made a baronet for his important services in laying the Atlantic telegraph cable, having been a director in the company formed for that purpose. He is dep.-gov. of the Hud son Bay Co., and a trustee of the Peabody Fund for the poor of London. Men of the Time. Lamson, ALVAN, D. D. (H. U. 1837), Unitarian clergyman and author, b. Weston, Ms., Nov. 18, 1792; d. Dedham, Ms., July 17, 1864. H. U. 1814. Tuto- in Bowd. Coll. 1814-16; pastor First Church, Dedham, Oct. 29, 1818-60. He was a vigorous writer, con trib. many valuable articles to the Christian Examiner. Author of "Church of the First 525 Three Centuries/ &c., 8vo, 1860; Sermons, Boston, 12mo, 1857 ; a discourse at Dedham, 21 Dee. 1 851, on " John Robinson ; " "A Hist, of the First Church and Parish in Dedham," 8vo, 1839 ; and several occas. discourses. Lancaster, SIR JAMES, an Eng. naviga tor, b. ab. 1550; d. 1620. He made a voyage to the E. Indies in 1591, and afterwards sailed round the Cape of Good Hope, visiting Ceylon, and Palo Penang, where the mutinous conduct of his crew obliged him to return home. In 1594 he engaged in a predatory exped. to S. America; took several prizes; and captured Perrinmbuco in Brazil, returning in 1595 laden with immense booty. He sailed from Torbay, Feb. 15, 1601, with a fleet of 5 vessels, to the E. Indies ; formed a commercial treaty with the King of Achen ; established a friendly cor- resp. with the State of Bantam in the island of Java; and returned in 1605, with informa tion, procured in his last voyage, relative to a N.W. passage to the E. Indies, which gave rise to the subsequent expeds. of Hudson and others. Baffin gave the name of Lancaster s Sound to an inlet which he discovered in 74 of N. lat. This navigator received the honor of knight hood from Queen Elizabeth. See Ace. of his Voyaye to the E. Indies in KHOX S Colls, v. 2. Lancaster, JOSEPH, educationist, one of the Society of Friends, b. Lond. Nov. 25, 1778 ; d. N.Y., "Oct. 24, 1838. In 1798 he opened a school for poor children at Southwark, whom he taught almost gratuitously. For many years he was actively engaged in delivering lectures, and forming schools in various parts of England, on the plan of employing the more advanced pupils in a school to instruct the class next below themselves ; a, plan originally in troduced into Eng. by Dr. Bell. His labors in giving this system a notoriety it would not otherwise have obtained, while gaining him applause, kept him poor; and in 1818 he emig. to America. His system had, to a considerable extent, been previously introduced into Ameri can schools : so that he was not pecuniarily benefited by the change. In 1829 he went to Canada, where the legisl. made him some pecuniary grants to enable him to give his sys tem a fair trial. Becoming again embarrassed, some of his friends purchased for him a small annuity, and he removed to New York. Author of " The British System of Education," &c., 12mo, Washington, 1812; and an Autobiog., New Haven, 1S33. See. Life of Lancaster, by his friend William Corston. Landais, PIERRE DE, a French naval offi cer, b. (of a noble but impoverished family of Normandy) 1734 ; d. N.Y. City, Sept. 1820, a. 86. A lieut. in the French navy, from which he had been dismissed on account of infirmity of temper, he entered the naval service of the U.S. June 18, 1778, with the rank of capt. In Jan. 1779, he sailed in com. of "The Alliance" (frigate) for France, and made part of the squadron of Paul Jones. His insubordination, together with his extraordinary conduct dur ing the engagement between the "Bon Homme Richard" and " The Serapis," Sept. 23, 1780, caused his dismissal from service, and he passed the rest of his life in poverty in N.Y. City. Lander, FREDERIC WEST, soldier and explorer, b. Salem, Ms., Dec. 17, 1822; d. Paw Paw, Va., March 2, 1862. As a boy ho was remarked for intrepidity, love of adven ture, and skill in manly exercises. He studied civil engineering at the Milit. Acad. at Nor wich, Vt., and was employed by the govt. to conduct important explorations across the con tinent. He made two surveys to determine the practicability of a railroad-route to the Pacific, from the second of which, undertaken at his own expense, he alone, of all the party, re turned alive. He afterward surveyed and constructed the great overland wagon-route. While engaged in 1858 on this work, his party of 70 men were attacked by the Pah Ute In dians, over whom they gained a decisive vic tory. When the civil war began in 1861 he was employed on important secret missions in the Southern States; served as a vol. aide on Gen. McClellan s staff; and participated with great credit in the capture of Philippi and the battle of Rich Mountain. Made a brig.-gen. May 17, and in July took an important com mand on the Upper Potomac. Hearing of the disaster at Ball s Bluff, he hastened to Edward s Ferry, which he held with a single company of sharpshooters, but was severely wounded in the leg. Before the wound was healed he re ported for duty, and at Hancock, Jan. 5, 1862, he repulsed a greatly superior Confed. force which besieged the town. Though much debilitated by his wound, he particularly disting. himself by a brilliant dash upon the enemy at Bloom ing Gap, Feb. 14, 1862, for which he received a special letter of thanks from the secretary of war. Increasing ill health compelled him to apply for temporary relief from military duty ; but, while preparing an attack on the enemy, Mar. 1, he died suddenly of congestion of the brain. In 1860 he m. Miss Davenport, the disting. actress. Louisa Lander, the celebrated sculptor, is his sister. Lander, JEAN MARGARET DAVENPORT, actress, b. Wolvcrhampton, Eng., May 3, 1829. Her father, originally a lawyer, became mana ger of the Richmond Theatre, where, at the age of 8, Jean made her first appearance. In 1838 she was brought to America, and played " star " engagements in various cities. In 1842 she returned to Europe, travelled, and studied music under Garcia. At the Lond. Olympi^ she soon became a favorite as Juliet in "" The Countess," and as Julia in " The Hunchback." In 1846 she took a company to Holland, and for 2 years was highly successful. Return ing to Eng. in 1848, she became a successful public reader. Her second visit to America, in 1849, was so successful, that she determined to make it her home. In "Peg ^Woffington/ " Adrienne Le Couvreur," Letitia Hardy in " The Countess," and in " Camille, she mad; 1 an indelible impression. In 1855 she visited Cal., and subsequently twice visited Eng. Oct. 30, 1860, at San Francisco, she m. Gen. F. W. Lander, who died in the service, Mar. 2, 1862. She retired from the stage upon her marriage, and did good service as a hospital-nurse in and about the capital during the war. In Feb. 1865 she re-appeared upon the stage, at Nib- bio s in New York. She won a new triumph as Queen Elizabeth at the Narional Theatre, 526 Washington, in Apr. 1867. Honor, fame, and wealth crown the industrious and blameless life of this excellent actress. Lander, LOUISA, sculptor, b. Salem, Ms., ab. 1835. While quite young she manifested her taste for sculpture, and modelled excellent likenesses of various members of her family, and executed cameo heads. At ab. the age of 20 she went to Rome; became the pupil of Crawford ; and soon after finished in marble " To-Day," a youthful figure emblematic of America, and "Galatea." Among her subse quent works are a bust of Gov. Gore of Ms. from 2 oil portraits ; a bust of Hawthorne ; a spirited statuette of " Virginia Dare," the first English child born in America; a life-size statue of "Virginia;" a reclining statue of "Evangeline;" "Elizabeth, the Exile of Si beria ; " a statuette of " Undine," and one of "Ceres mourning for Proserpine;" and nu merous portrait-busts. She afterward produced a figure of " A Sylph alighting." Lane, EBENEZER, LL.D. (H. U. 1850), judge, b. Northampton, Ms., Sept. 17, 1793; d. Sandusky, 0., June 12, 1866. H.U. 1811. He studied law with his uncle Matthew Gris- wold ; went to Ohio in 1817, and settled in Sandusky in 1822. Judge of the C.C.P. from 1824 to 1830; of the Supreme Court from 1830 to 1837; chief justice 1837-45. He passed the remainder of his life in railroad manage ment. Lane, EBENEZER, founder of the Lane Theol. Sera. ; d. Oxford, O., March 8, 1870, a. 77. Lane, HENRY S., senator, b. Montgomery Co., Ky., 24 Feb. 1811. Received a good common school education, and under a tutor gained some knowledge of the classics ; studied law; removed to Indiana, and was adm. to its bar; member of the legisl. in 1837; M.C. 1841-3 ; lieut.-col. of vols. in the Mexican war, 1846-7; elected U.S. senator in 1859, but denied a seat; elected gov. of Ind. in 1861, but was again chosen a U. S. senator, and served in 1861-7. Bro. of Gen. James H. Lane, COL. ISAAC of Hollis, Ms. ; d. Port land, Me., Oct. 1833, a. 69. He was a Revol. soldier; com. the 33d U.S. Inf. in several bat tles on the Canada frontier in the war of 1812-15 ; and was many years in the legisl. of Me. and Ms., and of the exec, council. Lane, GEN. JAMES HENRY, senator, b. Lawrenceburg, Ind., June 22, 1814; d. Leaven- worth, Kan., July 11, 1866. Son of Amos (M.C. 1833-9). He studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1840. In May, 1846, he enlisted as a private 3d Ind. Vols., then organizing for the Mexican war ; he was chosen col., and at Buena Vista com. a brigade, and highly dis- ting. himself; col. (5th Ind. regt.) 1847-8. In 1848 he was chosen lieut.-gov. of Ind., and was M.C.. in 1853-5, voting for the repeal of the Mo. Compromise; in 1855 he went to Kansas, became an active Free-State man, and was chosen chairman of the exec. com. of the Topeka convention which instituted the first govt. of Kansas. He was afterward pres. of the Topeka Const. Conv. ; was elected by the people maj.-gen. of the Free-State troops, and was active in driving out the Mo. invaders. In 1856 he was elected to the U.S. senate by the legisl., which met under the Topeka Constitu tion; but the election was not recognized by Congress, and he was indicted in Douglas County for high treason for his participation in the Topeka govt., and forced to flee the Territory. In 1857 he was pres. of the Leaven- worth Const. Conv. ; in 1858 he shot a neighbor named Jenkins in a quarrel about a well, for which he was tried and acquitted ; in March, 1861, he was elected to the U.S. senate by the State legislature; in May, 1861, he com. the Frontier Guards, enlisted for the defence of "Washington ; in June he was nominated brig- gen, of vols., and com. the Kansas brigade in the field for 4 months, defeating the rebels in several well-contested fights, and protecting Kansas from invasion; in July, 1862, he was app. commiss. to supt. the enlistment of troops in the West. He narrowly escaped from the Lawrence massacre in Aug. 1863 ; and was vol. aide to Gen. Curtis during the Price raid in Oct. 1864. Delegate to the Baltimore Con vention in 1864; re-elected to the U.S. senate in 1865. On his way home, just previous to his death, he was attacked with paralysis, his reason became unsettled, and he took his own life. Lane, GEN. JOSEPH, politician, b. Bun combe Co., N.C. 14 Dec. 1801. His early edu cation was scanty. At 14 he became a clerk in a mercantile house in Ind. ; was frequently a member of the Ind. legisl. between 1822 and 1846; became col. 2cl Ind. Vols. for the Mex ican war, 25 June, 1846 ; disting. and wounded at Buena Vista; made brig.-gen. July 1, and brev. maj.-gen. (for gallantry at Huamantla) 9 Oct. 1847 ; com. in action of Atlixco, 19 Oct. 1847; took Matamoras, Nov. 22; captured Orizaba in Jan. 1848; and Feb. 24 fought the robber-chief Jaranta at Tchualtaplan. App. gov. of Oregon Terr, in Aug. 1848 ; organized its govt. ; was its delegate to Congress in 1851- 9 ; U.S. senator in 1859-61 ; and again gov. in 1853. Nominated vice-pres. on the ticket with Breckinridge, by the Baltimore Democ. Conv. of 1860. Lane, SIR RALPH, app. gov. of Va. by Ra leigh in Feb. 1585, but abandoned the province 19 June, 1586, returning to Eng. in the fleet of Sir Francis Drake; b. Northamptonshire, Eng., ab. 1530 ; d. Ireland, 1604. Second son of Sir R. of Orlingbury, and of Maud, dan. of "Wm., Lord Parre, uncle of Cath. Parr, queen of Henry VIII. He entered the queen s ser vice 1563, and was an equerry in her court; served with credit in the rebellion of 1569 ; had a com. in Ireland in 1583-4 ; was a col. in the exped. of Norris and Drake against Portu- ?al in 1589; was made muster-mastcr-gcn. in reland in 1591, where he was dangerously wounded; and was knighted by Fitz William, the lord dep., in 1593. Rev. E. E. Hale in Colls. Arner. Antiq. Soc. iv. Lang, Louis, artist, b. Waldsee, Wurtem- berg, Mar. 29, 1814. His father, an historical painter, destined him for the musical profession ; but his tastes led him to become a painter. At 16 he executed likenesses in pastel with success ; and, during a residence of 4 years on the Lake of Constance, he painted nearly 1,000 portraits. In 1834 he went to Paris, and afterward to Stuttgart. Ab. 1838 he settled in Phila. In 1841-5 and again in 1847-9 he was in Italy, studying in Venice, Bologna, Florence, and Rome. In 1845 he took up his residence in N. York, where he has been occupied in the dec oration of interiors, and in modelling plaster- figures for ornamental purposes, and in paint ing. His pictures embrace a wide range of subjects. Among them are " Maid of Sara- gossa," " Sewing-Society," and "Mary Stuart distributing Gifts." Langdon, JOHN, LL.D., statesman, b. Portsm., N.H., 1739; d. there Sept. 18, 1819. After receiving a common-school education, he entered the counting-house of Daniel Rindge, and became a successful merchant. In 1774 Langdon, with John Sullivan and others, se cured the arms and ammunition at the fort in Portsmouth Harbor. In 1775 he was a delegate to Congress, but in June, 1776, resigned his seat in that body for the place of navy agent. In 1776-7 he was speaker of the Assembly of N.H. and judge of C.C.P. When means were wanted to support a regt., Langdon gave all his money, pledged his plate, and applied to the same purpose the proceeds of 70 hogsheads of tobacco. A brigade was raised with the means which he furnished, with which Gen. Stark achieved his memorable victory at Bennington. He served for a while in com. of a vol. comp. at Bennington, Saratoga, and R.I. In 1779 he was Continental agent in N.H. andpres. of ths N.H. Convention. In 1783 he was again app. delegate to Congress, and was afterwards re peatedly a member of the legisl. and speaker. In 1785 he was pres. of N.H., and in 1787 del egate in the convention that framed the Federal Constitution. In Mar. 1788 he was chosen gov. of the State; from 1789 to 1801 was U.S. sena tor; gov. again from 1805 to 1809 and in 1810 and 1811. In 1811 Jefferson solicited him in vain to accept the post of sec. of the navy. In 1812 a majority in Congress selected him for vicc-prcs. of the U. S.; but he declined the honor. Langdon, SAMUEL, D.D. (U. of Aber deen), A.A.S., b. Boston, Jan. 12, 1723 ; d. Nov. 29, 1797. H. U. 1740. Though poor, his talents procured him friends, who exerted themselves to give him a liberal education. He went to Portsmouth and took charge of the grammar school ; was a chaplain at the capture of Louisburg in 1745; became assist, to Mr. Fitch of the First Church, whom he succeeded as pastor Feb. 4, 1747 ; pres. of H. U. Oct. 14, 1774 to 30 Aug. 1780. Installed at Hamp ton Falls Jan. 18, 1781, and was one of the most useful ministers in the State. A disting. mem- bor of the N.H. convention which adopted the Federal Constitution ; often led its debates, and exerted his influence in its favor. He pub. " Ob servations on the Revelations/ 1791; "Re marks on the Leading Sentiments of Dr. Hop- kiiis s System of Doctrines," 1794, " Summa ry of Christian Faith and Practice," 1768; and many occas. discourses. In 1761 he assisted Col. Blanchard in delineating a map of N.H. Langdon, WOODS URY, bro. of John. Member of the Old Congress 1779-80; judge of the Supreme Court of N.H. 1782 and 1786- 90; councillor 1781-4; b. Portsmouth, N.H., 1739 ; d. there 13 Jan. 1805. Lanman, CHARLES, author, b. Monroe, Mich., Juno 14, 1819. Grandson of Judge James. Educated at Plainh eld Acad., Ct. Was 10 years in a counting-house in N. York, and then engaged in literary pursuits. In 1846 he edited the Monroe Gazf-tte, and later was as- soc. editor of the Cincinnati Chronicle. In 1 847 he was connected with the N. Y. Express. He was some time private sec. to Daniel Webster; became librarian of the Avar dept. at Washing ton in 1849; of the copyright bureau of the derness," 1847 ; " A Tour to the River Sague- nay," 1848; "Letters from the Allegheny Mountains," 1849; "Records of a Tourist/ 1850; "Private Life of Daniel Webster," 1852 ; " Adventures in the Wilds of America," 2 vols. 1856; " Dictionary of the U. S. Con gress," 6 eds. ; " Life of Win. Woodbridge," 1867; "Red Book of Michigan," 1871; con- tribs. to periodicals. Duyckinck. Lanman, JAMES, jurist and statesman, b. Norwich, Ct., June 14, 1769 ; d. there Aug. 7, 1841. Y. C. 1788. In 1791 he was adm. to the bar, and settled at Norwich. From 1814 to 1819 he was atty.-gen. of his county; in 1818 a member of the Const. Conv. of Ct. ; in 1817 and 1832 a member of the Assembly ; in 1S19 State senator; U. S. senator 1819-25; judge of the Superior Court and of the Court of Er rors in Ct. 1826-9; and mayor of Norwich in 1831-4. His second wife was the mother of Park Benjamin, well known for his literary at tainments. Lanman, JOSEPH, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Ct, July 18, 1810. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1825; lieut. Mar. 3, 1835 ; com. Sept. 14, 1855 ; capt. 1S61 ; commo. Aug. 29, 1S62; rear-adm. Dec. 1867. Com. frigate "Minnesota," N. Atl. block, squad., 1864-5; com. 2d division of Porter s squad, at the two attacks on Fort Fisher ; and com. S. Atl. squad., coast of Brazil, 1869-71; d. Norwich, Ct., Mch. 13, 1874. Hamersly. Lansing, JOHN, jurist, b. Alb. Jan. 30, 1754 ; d. Dec. 12, 1829. Stud, law with R. Yates in Alb. and Mr. Duane in N.Y. He was milit. sec. to Gen. Schuyler early in the Revol. war , was afterwards 7 years in the State legisl. ; 4 years mayor of Albany ; member Old Congress 1784-8; member of the conv. of 1787 for con sidering the U.S. Const., which he opposed, leaving the convention ; commissioner in 1790 to settle the Vt. controversy ; app. judge N.Y. Supreme Court Sept. 28, 1790; chief justice Feb. 15, 1798; chancellor of the State from Oct. 21, 1801, to 1814. La Perouse, JOHN FRANCIS GALOUP HE, a French navigator, b. Languedoc, Aug. 22, 1741 ; d. 1788. Entering the naval service very early, he was employed under D Estaing in the Amer. war ; com. " L Amazone " at the siege of Savannah, in Sept. 1779; present at the taking of Granada; and in 1782 destroyed the English factories in Hudson s Bay. Subse quently sent on a voyage of discovery, he visited the N.W. coast of Amer. to Bchring s Straits reached Botany Bay and New Holland in Fob 528 i788 ; sent home an account of his progress in Mar. 1788; and was never afterward heard from. An exped. under D Entrecasteaux in 1791 failed to discover any traces of him ; but it has since been satisfactorily settled that his ships were wrecked on islands of the New Hebrides. An account of his voyages was pub. 4 vols. 4to, 1797. Lapham, INCREASE ALLEN, LL.D. (Amh. Coil. 1860), naturalist, b. Palmyra, N.Y., Mar. 7, 1811. Becoming a civil engineer, he was en gaged on the Welland Canal in Canada, on the Miami Canal, 0., and on the canal around the falls of the Ohio at Louisville. Here, in 1827, he wrote a " Notice of the Louisville Canal and of the Geology of the Vicinity," pub. in Silliman s Journal. Sec. of the 0. Board of ca nal commits. 1833-5. He here began the coll. of his herbarium, now numbering ab. 8,000 species; and was one of a com. app. by the 0. legisl. to report on the subject of a geol. survey of the State. In 1836 he removed to Milwaukie, where he has since resided, and has held several municipal and other offices. In 1846 he pub. "Wisconsin, its Geography and Topography, History, Geology, and Mineralo gy, 2d ed. ; and in 1855 a geol. map of Wis., also his " Antiquities of Wisconsin," in the 7th vol. of Smithsonian " Contributions." He has contrib. much to scientific periodicals, and was the first to ascertain from careful observa tions that there is a slight lunar tide on Lake Michigan. Pres. of the Wis. Hist. Soc. since 1862 ; d. Oconomewa, Wis., Sept. 14, 1875. Larcom, LUCY, poet, b. Ms. 1826. She was for some years a factory operative at Lowell, and while there contrib. to " The Lowell Offering." She was subsequently a teacher in 111., and is now one of the editors of Our You/if/ Folks. Anthor of " Breathings of a Better Life," Boston, 1866; "Poems," 1868. Resides at Beverly Farms. Lardner, JAMES L., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Pa. MioUhipm. July 28, 1820; lieut. May 17, 1828; com.Nov.21, 1851 ; capt. May 19, 1861; commo. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. (retired list) uiily 25, 1866. Com. schooner "Porpoise," coast of Africa, 1850-3 ; sloop-of-war " Dale," 1853; com. steam-frigate " Susquehanna," at the capture of Port Royal, Nov. 7, 1861 ; com. E. Gulf block, squad. 1862 ; W.I. squad. 1864. Xow gov. Phila. Naval Asylum. Hamersly. Lamed, COL. SIMOX, llevol. officer, b. Thompson, Ct., 1754 ; d. Pittsfield, Ms., Nov. 9, 1817. Settled in Pittsfield in 1784. M.C. 1804-5 ; col. 9th U.S. Inf. from 1812 to 1815 ; sheriff of Berkshire Co. Lamed, SYLVESTER, Presb. clergyman, b. Pittstield, Ms., Aug. 31, 1796; d. N. Orleans, Aug. 31, 1820. Mid. Coll. 1813. Son of Col. Simon. He studied theology at Princeton ; ord. in July, 1817. In the following autumn he proceeded to N. Orleans, by way of Detroit, Louisville, and the Mpi. River, preaching with rare eloquence on his way, and making such a powerful impression in that city, that a church was soon organized, over which he was settled ; but in tbe summer of 1820 he was carried off by the yellow-fever. A memoir of his life, with a coll. of his sermons, was pub. in 1844 by Rev. R. R. G urley. Lartigue, JAMES, D.D., R.C. bishop of Montreal, b. there June 20, 1777; d. Apr. 19, 1840. Consec. Jan. 21, 1821. Feb. 1, 1820, made suffragan of Quebec, and bishop of Fel messa in Lycia. He took a vigorous stand ir 1837 against Papineau and the revolutionists. La Salle, ROBERT CAVEHER, sieur de, a French explorer, bap. Rouen, 22 Nov. 1643 ; d. Texas, Mar. 20, 1687. He renounced his inherit ance by joining the Jesuits, but, obtaining his discharge, ab. 1667 embarked for Canada. As a fur-trader at La Chine (which he so named from a cherished project of seeking by way of Canada a passage to China), he explored Lake Ontario, visited the neighboring Indians, estab lished posts on the upper waters of the St. Lawrence, and was intrusted by Gov. Fronte- nac with the fort where the city of Kingston now stands. On returning to France in 1675, he obtained the rank of nobility, and the grant of a large domain around Fort Frontenac, and of the exclusive traffic with the Five Nations. He returned from another visit to France, July 14, 1678, with 30 mechanics and mariners ; es tablished a trading-house at Niagara, and Aug. 7, 1679, embarked with his colony in "The Griffin " 60 tons, on the Niagara River, for the valley of the Mpi. Reaching Green Bay Sept. 2, he sent back his bark with a cargo of rich furs, with orders to return immediately. Pro ceeding with his company in canoes, he formed an alliance with the Illinois Indians on the banks of Lake Peoria, 1,500 miles from the nearest French settlement, and built a fort, which, on account of his anxiety for " The Grif fin," and the discontent of his company, he named Crevecceur (heart-break). In March, 1680, he returned on foot to Frontenac, and learned of the shipwreck of " The Griffin," and of another ship, which had been despatched with resources lor him from France. Collect ing his scattered followers, Feb. 6, 1682, he descended the Illinois to its junction with the Mpi. He built a fort near the mouth of the Ohio, and a cabin on the first Chickasaw bluff; raised the cross by the Arkansas ; planted the arms of France near the Gulf of Mexico ; took possession, in the name of France, of the whole valley; and, Apr. 9, entered the Gulf of Mexi co, founded the fort of St. Louis, and gave to the adjacent lands the name of Louisiana. He returned to Quebec in Nov. 1683, and embarked for France, where he received a commission pla cing the country from Fort St. Louis to New Biscay under his control. An exped. for the colonization of La. with 4 vessels and 280 per sons left Rochefort Aug. 1, 1684; but dissen sions at once arose between La Salle and the naval com. Beaujeu. Missing the mouth of the Mpi. he disembarked in Matagorda Bay, losing most of his munitions in a gale. Sick ness and other causes having reduced their number to 37, he determined, Jan. 12, 1687, to seek by land the Illinois country, and thence to pass to Canada. He set out with 16 men, and reached a branch of the Trinity River. Here the malignity of two men, Duhant and 1 Archeveque, who had embarked their capital in the enterprise, found opportunity for gratifi cation. They quarrelled with and murdered his nephew, and from an ambush shot La Salle 529 dead. -4- See Memoir in Sparks s Amer. Biog. vol. i. 2d series ; French s Hist. Colls. La. v. Las Casas, see CASAS. Latham, MILTON S., statesman, b. Colum bus, O., May 23, 1827. Jeff. Coll., Pa., 1845. He went to Ala. ; studied law, and was clerk of the Russell Co. Circuit Court in 1848-50 ; removed to Cal. ; was clerk of the recorder s court of San Francisco ; dist.-atty. of Sacra- men to and El Dorado counties in 1850-1; M.C. 1853-5; collector of San Francisco 1855-7; gov. of Cal. in 1860; U.S. senator 1861-7. Lathrop, JOHN, D.D. (H. U. 1768; Eclirib. 1785), A.A.S., minister of Boston, b. Norwich, Ct., May 17, 1740; d. Boston, Jan. 4, 1816. N. J. Coll. 1763. Great-grand son of John, minister of Scituate and Barn- stable 1634-53. He assisted Wheelock in his Indian school at Lebanon, and was ord. May 18, 1768, at the Old North Church, Boston. In 1779, his society having united with Dr. Pemberton s, he became pastor of the Second Church. He was an officer of many literary and charitable societies, and pub. some occa sional sermons. Lathrop, JOHN, poet, b. Boston, Jan. 13, 1772; d. Georgetown, D.C., Jan. 30, 1820. H.U. 1789. Son of the preceding. Reestab lished himself in the practice of law at Dedham, Ms., in 1797, but soon located himself in Boston, where he found congenial spirits in Paine, Premiss, and other poets and wits of the day, contributing with them to the Federal Boston Gazette. The indulgence of his literary tastes interfered with his success in the law ; and in 1799, in the hope of improving his fortunes, he went to India. He established a school in Calcutta, and contrib. to the papers. Return ing in 1809, when politics ran high, his plan of establishing a literary journal was neces sarily abandoned. He taught a school in Boston several years ; wrote for the papers ; lectured on natural philos., and furnished songs and orations for festive and Masonic occasions. Removing to the South, he continued his prof, of instructor, lecturer, and newspaper-writer in Washington and Georgetown, D.C., and obtained a situation in the post office, which his shattered health did not long permit him to occupy. He pub. an oration, July 4, 1796, at Boston, another at Dedham, 4 July, 1798; a Masonic address at Charlestown, June 24, 1811 ; " Speech of Canonicus," a poem, Cal cutta, 1802, and Boston, 1803 ; " Pocket Regis ter and Freemason s Anthology," 1813. Lathrop, JOHN HIRAM, LL.D. (Ham. Coli. 1845), educator, b. Sherburne, N.Y., Jan. 22, 1799; d. Columbia, Mo., Aug. 2, 1866. Y.C 1819. Tutor 1822-6. Adm. to the bar in 1?26 ; he was connected with the Norwich Military Acad. in 1827 ; was principal of the Gardiner, Me., Lyceum two years ; was prof, of math, and nat. philos. in Ham. Coll. in 1829-35, and of law, history, polit. econ., and civil polity from 1835 to 1840 ; pres. of the U. of Mo. from 1840 to Sept. 1849; chancellor of the U. of Wis. from Oct. 1849 to 1859; pres. of the Ind. U. in 1859-60 ; prof, of Eng lish Lit. in the U. of Columbia, Mo., in 1860- 2 ; and from 1865 till his death pres. of that institution. Y. C. Ob. Record. Lathrop, JOSEPH, D.D. (Y.C. 1791), clergyman, h. Norwich, Ct., Oct. 20, 1731 ; d. W. Springfield, Ms., Dec. 31, 1820. Y.C. 1754. While engaged in teaching school at Springfield, he studied theology ; was licensed, and Aug. 25, 1756, ord. pastor of the Cong. church in W. Springfield, where he continued to preach until, in Mar. 1818, he received a col league. For nearly 3 years ill health kept him from the pulpit ; and an impostor named John Watkins intruded into his parish, causing such disturbance as led him to preach his celebrated sermons, entitled " Wolves in Sheep s Cloth ing," which have been widely circulated here and in Great Britain. In 1792 he was elected a fellow of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences ; in 1793 he declined an invitation to the chair of divinity in Y.C. His sermons were simple, clear, and original. On account of his great reputation for practical wisdom, he was often called upon to settle eccles. difficulties. His works in 7 vols. contain his Autobiography and pulpit discourses. He pub. " A Miscellaneous Collection of Original Pieces," &c., 1786. Lathrop, CAPT. THOMAS ; killed in battle with the Indians near Deerfield, Ms., Sept. 18, 1675, in Philip s war. He was a freeman of Salem 1634; repres. 1647, 53, and 64; re moved to Beverly, and founded a church there, and was representative 4 years. Latimer, WILLIAM K., commo. U.S.N., b. Md. Midshipm. Nov. 15, 1809 ; lieut. Feb. 4, 1815; com. Mar. 2, 1833; capt. July 17, 1843; commo. (retired list) July 16, *1862. Com. schr. " Grampus," W.I. squad.. 1827-30 ; str. " Poinsett," 1840; frigate " Cumberland," 1850-1 ; d. Bait., Mar. 15, 1873. Hamersly. Latrobe, BENJAMIN HENRY, architect, b. Yorkshire, Eng., May 1, 1767 ; d. Sept. 1820. His father, a Moravian clergyman and author, had him carefully educated at the Leipsic U. In 1785 he served a campaign in the Prussian service, and was severely wounded; he resigned; travelled over Europe ; returned to England in 1786; became an architect; and in 1788 was surveyor of the public offices of Lond. Losing his wife, he came for change of scene to Nor folk, Va., in Mar. 1796; went to Phila. in 1798; built the Bank of Pa., the Schuylkill Water works, completed the Capitol at Washington ; engaged in building steamboats at Pittsburg in 1815 ; rebuilt the Capitol, which had been burn ed by the British ; built the Cathedral and the Exchange at Baltimore in 1817-18 ; and, en gaging in the scheme of supplying N. Orleans with water, in 1819 fell a victim to malarious disease. He pub. " Anniv. Oration before the Soc. of Artists of the U.S., 8 May, 181 1," Phila. Latta, A. B., inventor of the steam fire-en gine, b. 1821 ; d. Ludlow, Ky., 30 Apr. 1865. Lattimer, HENRY, M.D., patriot of the Revol., b. Newport, Del., April 24, 1752; d. Phila. Dec. 19, 1819. He studied medicine at Phila. and at Edinburgh ; and practised on his return until 1777, when, with Dr. James Til- ton, he was app. surgeon of the flying hospital. After the war, he returned home, and resumed practice, but quitted it in 1794. Member of the State legisl.; M.C. in 1793-5; and U.S. sena tor in 1795-1801. Lauderdale, JAMES, col., b. Va. ; killed cSO Dec. 23, 1814, in the first battle of N. Orleans. Having removed to West Tenn., he became major in Coffee s regt. vol. cav. in 1813; lieut.- col. in his brigade of mounted gunmen ; was wounded in the battle of Talladega with Creek Indians, under Gen. Jackson, Nov. 9, 1813; col. under Jackson in 1814. Gardner. Laudonniere, RENE GOULAINE DE, a French explorer of Florida. Adm. Coligny, having in 1561 formed the design of founding a Prot. colony in Amer., sent from Dieppe (15 Feb. 1562) an exped. under Ribault and Lau donniere, whose first settlement at Port Royal was, after their return to France, abandoned by the colonists. Apr. 22, 1 564, Laudonniere sailed with 3 ships with assistance for the colony. He landed at the harbor now known as St. Augustine; afterwards coasted to the north; and, entering the River St. John s, called by him the River Mary, built Fort Caroline on i:S banks. Sept. 20," 1565, the Spaniards, un der Mcnendez, entered the fort at daybreak, and put the garrison to the sword. A few escaped by flight, among them Laudonniere, whose account of the affair is in Hakluyt. See also his Hist. Notable de la Floride, &c., Paris, 1586. Launitz, ROBERT E., sculptor, b. Rus sia, 1806; d. N. Y. City, 12 Dec. 1870. He came to the U. S. in 1830, and was at one time quartermaster and capt. of engineers in the 7th N. Y. regt. Among his works are the Pulaski Monument, Savannah, Ga., and the statue of Gen. Thomas, now in Troy ; also many fine monuments in Greenwood Cemetery. Laurens, HENRY, statesman, b. Charles ton, S.C., 1724 ; d. there Dec. 8, 1792. His an cestors were Huguenots. After receiving a good education, he was sent to London to fit him self for commercial pursuits. On his return he entered into business, and, by his industry and activity, acquired an ample fortune. A sturdy opponent of the abuses ^f power, his contests with the crown judges we re frequent, especially in respect to their arbitrary decisions in marine law and the Courts of Admiralty; and his pam phlets gave remarkable proof of legal ability. He held a commission in one of the Cherokee campaigns, and left a diary of the exped. in MS. Having retired from business, he went in 1771 to Europe in order to superintend the edu cation of his sons, and made the tour of Great Britain. With several other Americans, he endeavored in 1774 by petition to dissuade par liament from passing the Boston Port Bill, and exerted himself to prevent a war. He arrived in Charleston in Dec. 1774 ; was chosen pres. of the council of safety and of the Prov. Con gress, and in 1776 a delegate to the Gen. Con gress; and was pres. of that body 1 Nov. 1777- 10 Dec. 1778. Jn 1779 he received the app. of minister-plenipo. to Holland. On his way he was captured by the British, carried to Lond., and committed to the Tower, where he was closely confined for more than 14 months. In Dec. 1781 he was app. by Congress one of the commiss. to negotiate a peace ; and, having re paired to Paris, he signed (Nov. 30, 1782), with Franklin and Jay, the preliminaries of the trea ty. His health hud been broken by his impris onment; and he passed the remaining years of his life in agric. pursuits. According ro an in junction contained in his will, his body wad burnt, and his bones collected and buried. He left numerous original and valuable papers, a portion of which have been pub. in the Colls. of the S. C. Hist. Society. Laurens, JOHN, a brave Revol. officer, b. 1753 ; d. Aug. 27, 1782. Son of Henry. Af ter receiving a liberal education in England, he returned to this country, and joined the army in 1777 as an aide of Washington, and was frequently his sec. Laurens requited the pref erence of Washington with sincere devotion ; toiled in his tent till midnight, writing letter? and despatches ; was his chief medium of com munication with the foreigners, French, Ger man, and Polish, in the service ; rushed between him and danger at Monmouth ; and called out, and shot Gen. Charles Lee in a duel for dis respectful language to his general. His first essay in arms was at Brandywine. At the battle of Germantown he exhibited prodigies of valor in attempting to expel the British from Chew s house, and was severely wounded. At Coosahatchie, defending the pass with a handful of men against the whole force of Prevost, he was again wounded, lie headed the light inf., and was among the first to mount the British lines at Savannah ; displayed the greatest activity and courage during the siege of Charleston ; entered with the forlorn hope the British redoubt carried by storm at Yorktown, and received the sword of the com mander ; by indefatigable activity thwarted every effort of the British garrison in Charles ton, confining them for months to the narrow limits of the city and neck ; and, unhappily, at the very close of the war, too carelessly expos ing himself in a trifling skirmish near Cornba- hee, sealed his devotion to his country in death. In the autumn of 1781 he was sent as a special minister to France to negotiate a loan from the French. His success in this mission, which was of great service to his country, was due to his boldness and address. Laurens s Army Corresp., with Memoir by William Gilmore Simms, was printed in 1867 for the Bradford Club, N.Y. Lauzun, ARMAND Louis DE GONTAUT, duke de, afterwards Duke de Biron, b. Paris, April 15, 1747; d. Dec. 31, 1793. In conse quence of a memoir which he had pub on " L Etat de Defense de I Angleterre," 8^c., he was charged with an exped. against Senegal and Gambia on the African coast, which lie cap tured Jan. 30, 1779. Greatly reduced in his pecuniary resources in consequence of dissipa tion, he took the resolution of embarking in the American war. He made himself remarked by his valor and his chivalrous conduct, no less than by his elegant figure and appearance, and with his com., known as " Lauzun s Legion/ he took part in the siege of Yorktown. Ke was an accomplished, but an exceedingly dis solute and unprincipled man. Deputy of the noblesse to the States-General, he became the confidant and secret agent of Philip Egalite; gen.-in-chief of the Army of the Rhine, July 9, 1792 ; com. of the Army of the Coasts of la Rochclle, May 15, 1793; he applied for dis- charge to the com. of safety, who refused, ap- 531 pealing to his patriotism. He took Saumur; defeated the Vendeans under the walls of Par- thenay, and insisted anew on his dismission. This irritated the committee, who sent him to the guillotine, where he manifested great in trepidity. Laval, FRAN9OIS DE MONTMORENCY, bishop of Quebec, b. Laval, France, March 23, 1622; d. Quebec, May 6, 1708. Ord. priest at Paris, Sept. 23, 1645 ; became archdeacon of Evreux 1653 ; bishop of Petrea and vicar apos- tolique of New France, July 5, 1658; and bishop of Quebec from Oct. 1674, to Jan. 24, 1688, ivhen he resigned. He arrived at Quebec, June 16, 1659 ; founded the Sem. of Quebec, March 26, 1663; consecrated the Parochial Church of Quebec, July 11, 1666 ; and returned to France in 1674. In the spring of 1688 he retired to his sem., to which he made over the whole of his effects. He exercised a powerful influence upon the civil as well as the ecclesiastical affairs of the colony, making and unmaking its gov ernors at will. Morgan. Laval, COL. JACINT ; d. Harper s Ferry, Va., Sept. 2, 1822, a. ab. 60. He came to this country in Rochambeau s army as a cornet of dragoons ; was subsequently sheriff of Charles ton, S.C. ; was app. capt. of" dragoons U.S.A., MayS, 1808; major, Feb. 15, 1809; lieut.-col. (1st Light Dragoons) June 1, 1813; col. Aug. 1, 1813; afterwards military storekeeper till his death. Laval, MONTMORENCY MATHIEU PAUL Louis, vicomte de, afterwards due de, b. 1 748 ; d. Paris, Dec. 27, 1809. Son of Marshal Montmorency. Com, in America, under Ro- chambeau the regt. d Auvergne, remarkable for the severity of its discipline. His son, MATHIEU JEAN FELICITE LAVAL MONTMORENCY, due de, who served under his father s orders in America, was wounded in the naval action be tween Graves and Destouches near Chesapeake Bay, 1781 ; became in 1821 minister of foreign affairs, and d. in 1826, a. 59. Lavalette, ELIE A. F., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Va. 1789; d. Phila. Nov. 19, 1862. App. sailing-master U. S. N. June 25, 1812; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; com. Mar. 3, 1831; capt. Feb. 23, 1840; and retired as rear-adm. July 31, 1862. Served under Macdonough on Lake Champlain, Sept. 11, 1814; under Com. Shubrick in capturing Mexican towns on the Gulf of Cal. ; and was disting. at the capture of Gnaymos, Oct. 20, 1847. Lavialle, PIERRE JOSEPH, R.C. bishop of Louisville, b. Mauriac, France, 1820 ; d. near Bardstown, Ky., May 11, 1867. At the age of 23 he came to the U.S. ; was ord. priest, and officiated one year in New York, when he was made prof, of theology in St. Mary s Coll., Lebanon, Ky. From 1855 to 1865 he was pres. of the coll.; and Sept. 24, 1865, was consec. bishop of Louisville. He founded several new educational and benevolent insti tutions. Law, REV. ANDREW, 40 years a music- teacher; d. Cheshire, Ct., July, 1821, a. 73. Brown U. 1775. He invented 4 characters to express always the 4 syllables of music; pub. "Rudiments of Music," 1783; "The Art of Singing," in 3 parts, 1803; "Musical Maga zine," 1792; "Collection of Hymn-Tunes/ 1782. Law (who was author of " Archdale") and Billings were the earliest known Amer. composers of music. See Hood s Hist. Music. Law, JONATHAN, statesman and jurist, b. Milford, Ct., Aug. 6, 1674; d. Nov. 6, 1750. H.U. 1695. Grandson of Richard, an eminent lawyer of Stamford. He began the practice of law in Milford in 1698. In 1706 he was made justice of the peace; justice of the quorum 1710; chief judge 1714; assist, from 1717 until chosen dep.-gov. 1725 ; chief justice of the Supreme Court 1725-41 ; and gov. from Mav, 1741, until his death. Law, RICHARD, LL.D. (Y.C. 1802), jurist, b. Milford, Ct., Mar. 17, 1733 ; d. New Lon don, Jan. 26, 1806. Y.C. 1751. Son of Gov. Jonathan Law. Studied law under Hon. Jared Ingersoll ; was soon after the age of 21 adm. to the bar at New Haven, and immediately set tled at New London, where he became highly disting. in his profession. Chief judge of the New London County Court till app. in Mav, 1784, to the Superior Court, of which, in May, 1786, he was app. chief judge; app. by Wash ington dist. judge of Ct., which position he held until death ; member of the council from 1776 to 1786 ; a member of Congress in 1777- 8 and 1781-4 ; and was mayor of New London from its incorporation in Mar. 1784, until he died. Together with Roger Sherman, he re vised, soon after the return of peace, the code of statute laws of the State. At the bar he was disting. more as a learned lawyer, a close logi cian, a fair special pleader, than as an eloquent orator. LYMAN, his son (lawyer, and M.C. 1811-17), d. 3 Feb. 1842, a. 71. Another son, Capt. RICHARD LAW (midshipm. in the frigate " Trumbull ; " 1779-80, 8 years collector of the port of N. London ; b. there 1762), d. 19 Dec. 1845. Lawrance, JOHN, jurist and statesman, b. Cornwall, Eng., 1750; d. N.Y. Nov. 1810. He came to N.Y. in 1767 ; was adm. to the bar in 1772; held a commission in the 1st N.Y. regt. in 1775 ; was aide-de-camp to his father- in-law, Gen. McDougall, and to Washington from Oct. 6, 1777; and afterward judge advo cate at the trial of Maj. Andre. In 1783 he resumed practice in N.Y ; member of the Old Congress 1785-6; State senator 1789; M.C. 1789-93; judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of N.Y. 1794-6; and U.S. senator 1796-1800, presiding over that body in 1 798. He was a zealous and able defender of the measures of Washington, and was the personal and political friend of Hamilton. Upon the questions of neutrality, currency, finance, and especially the commercial interests of the country, he evinced great comprehensiveness and foresight. Lawrence, ABBOTT, LL.D. (H.U. 1854), an eminent citizen and merchant of Ms., b. Groton, Dec. 16, 1792; d. Boston, Aug. 18, 1855. Son of Sam l (1754-1827), a Revol. offi cer. He was educated at Groton Acad. ; went to Boston in 1808, and became a clerk in the dry- goods store of his bro. Amos. Adm. a partner in 1814, they for many years prosecuted a very extensive importing business, and laid the foundations of their several fortunes. He was the travelling partner, and visited Europe a LAW 532 LAW number of times ; subsequently became one of the foremost men in building up American manufactures, and the flourishing citv of Law rence was the offspring of his enterprise. He was from an early period of his life a zealous advocate of the protective- system. In 1827 he was a delegate to the Harrisburg convention, to consider the manufacturing interests of the country; in 1831 served in the common coun cil of Boston ; M.C. 1835-7 and 1839-41 ; in 1842 he was app. a comraiss. to arrange the north-eastern boundary question ; minister to Eng. 1849-Oct. 1852. He founded the Law rence Scientific School in Cambridge, to which he gave $100,000. He established prizes for the deserving scholars of the public schools, and always gave generously to churches and to religious and charitable associations. His son TIMOTHY BIGELOW, b. Boston, 23 Nov. 1826. H.U. 1846. Attach? at London 1849- 55 ; consul-gen, to Italv from 1862 to his d. at Washington, 21 Mar. 1869. Lawrence, AMOS, a philanthropic mer chant of Boston, b. Groton, Ms., Apr. 20, 1786 ; d. Boston, Dec. 31, 1852. After an academic education in his native town, he commenced business in Boston in 1807 ; formed a partner ship with his bro. Abbott under the firm of A. and A. Lawrence, Jan. 1, 1814, and for 39 years was a leading member of the mercantile community, acquiring a large fortune, which he employed in many acts of unsurpassed lib erality. Besides his constant private charities, he gave munificently to the cause of education and religion. To Wins. Coll. he gave at dif ferent times an aggregate of near $40,000. The acad. at Groton was also liberally assisted by him. To the fund for the erection of Bunker-hill Monument he contributed at one time $10,000, and sums at other times to nearly or quite an equal amount. His personal exer tions did much towards awakening the spirit which secured its completion. He was in 1821 a member of the State legisl. Mr. Lawrence was imbued with the true spirit of Christian benevolence. Modest and unassuming in his deportment, his immense charities, which in the aggregate amounted to several hundreds of thousands of dollars, were noiselessly dispensed. " Extracts from the Diary and Correspond ence of Amos Lawrence," with a memoir by his son, W. R. Lawrence, was pub. 1855. Lawrence, CHARLES, a British gen. ; d. Halifax, N.S., Oct. 19, 1760. Made a member of the council of N.S. July 31, 1749 ; being then a major in the army. In the spring of 1750 he was sent to reduce the French at Chignecto ; but they burned their town, and retired to the woods ; in thecourse of the sum- ir,r he returned to the attack, and erected a fort at the head of the Bay of Fundy, called Fort Lawrence. On the retirement of Gov. Hopson in 1753 he administered the govt. ; was app. lieut.-gov. 1754, and gov. in 1756. In Sept. 1757 he was app. a col. com. of the 60th regt., and brig, in Amer. Dec. 31 . In Loudon s campaign of 1757 he com. the reserve, and at the siege of Louisburg, in 1758, the 2d bri gade. Lawrence, JAMES, capt. U.S.N. b. Bur lington, N. J., Oct. 1, 1781 ; d. June 5, 1813. His father, John Brown Lawrence, was a mem her of the council, a disting. lawyer, and a loy alist. James early manifested a strong predi lection for the sea ; and after the death of hii father, who designed him for the law, he en tered the navy as a midshipman Sept. 4, 1798 ; April 6, 1802, he was promoted to lieut. ; and in 1803, in the schooner "Enterprise/ 1 took a disting- part in the destruction of " The Phila delphia, frigate, and in the bombardment of Tripoli ; transferred to the frigate " John Ad ams" in 1806 ; promoted to master-corn. Nov. 3, 1810. Feb. 24, 1813, in " The Hornet/ he fell in with the brig "Peacock," Capt. Peake, which he took after an action of 15 minutes. She sunk before all the prisoners could be re moved. Capt. Mar. 4, 1813, and ordered to Boston to take com. of the frigate " Chesa peake." June 1, 1813, he sailed out of the har bor, and engaged the British frigate " Shan non." After the ships had exchanged several broadsides, and Lawrence had been wounded, the British boarded, and, after a desperate re sistance, succeeded in taking possession of the ship. Almost all the officers of " The Chesa peake" were either killed or wounded. The last exclamation of Lawrence, as they were carry ing him below after the fatal wound, was, " Don t give up the ship ! " " The Shannon " was a thoroughly disciplined ship ; " The Chesapeake," on the other hand, had arrived at Boston 2 months before from a cruise; and the men had been much on shore, indulging free ly in dissipation. Capt. Lawrence, having been but a few days in com., was a stranger to his crew, among whom some disaffection existed in consequence of unpaid prize-money. Lawrence, JONATHAN, poet, b. N. York, 19 Nov. 1807; d. Apr. 26, 1833. Col. Coll. 1823. He practised law; but the high expecta tions formed of him were cut short by his early death. His writings in prose and verse wen- collected and pub. by his bro. in 1833. See Griswold s Poets and Poetry of Amer. Lawrence, WILLIAM, col. U.S.A., b. Cal- vert Co., Md.; d. Washington, D.C., Jan. 1841 . Entering the 4th* Inf. June 8, 1801, he was adj. Jan. 1807; capt. Jan. 1810; maj. 2d Inf. Apr. 1814 ; brev. lieut.-col. for defence of Fort Bow- yer, Sept. 15, 1814; again attacked in Feb. 1815, badly wounded, and compelled to surren der; lieut.-col. May, 1818; col. 5th Inf. Aug. 1828; resigned July, 1831. Lawrence, WILLIAM, jurist and politi cian, b. Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, June 26, 1819. Frank!. Coll., O., 1838; Cin. Law School, 1840. He rose to distinction at the bar of McConnels- ville, but subsequently settled at Bellefontaino, where he had an extensive practice. Prosee. atty. for Logan Co. 1845 ; editor and proprie tor of the Logan Gazette 1845-7; State repre sentative 1847-9; State senator 1849-51 and 54-5, where he advocated and carried bills to quiet land titles and for the establishment of a Reform School ; reporter of the O. Sup. Court 1851, and compiled vol. xx. Ohio Reports; judge C.C.P. 1856-64; M.C. 1865-71. Served as col. 84th O. regt. at Cumberland and New Creek in 1862. Author of the Free Banking Law of Ohio ; and has prepared a work on the "Ohio Civil Code," and on the "Law of 533 Interest and Usury." He at one time edited the Western Law Monthly. Lawrence, WILLIAM BEACH, LL.D., au thor, b. New York, Oct. 23, 1800. Col. Coll. 1818 After a course of legal and hist, study at Paris, he became a counsellor of the N-x. Sup. Court in 1823 ; sec. of legation, at Lond 1825; charge d affaires 1827-8; lieut.-gov. of K.I. 1851-2; and for a portion of the timegov. of the State. Author of an " Address bef. the N.Y. Academy of Fine Arts," 1826; transla tion of Marbois Hist, of La., with Essay and Notes, 1830; "Discourse bet. the N.Y. Hist. Soc.," 1832, and other papers in the "Proceed ings " of the society, of which he was vice-pres. in 1836-45; " Two Lectures on Polit. Econo my/ 1832; "Bank of the U.S./ 1831 ; "In quiry into the Causes of the Public Distress/ N.Y. 1834; "Discourses and Reviews on Po lit. Economy," 8vo, 1834 ; " History of the North-eastern Boundary Negotiations," 1841 ; " Memoir of Albert Gallatin," 1843; "The Colonization and Subsequent History of New Jersey," 1843 ; " The Law of Charitable Uses," N.Y. 1845 ; Lives of Reuben H. Walcot and Charles O Connor, 1848; "Maine Law Speech in the K. I. Senate," 1852; "Visitation and Search," 1858; an ed. of Wheaton s "Intern. Law, with Addit. Notes," &c., Boston, 1855. Contrib. to many journals and periodicals. Allibone. Lawson, JAMES, author and editor, b. Glasgow, Scotland, Nov. 9, 1799. U. of Glas gow. He came to America at the close of 1 81 5, and entered the counting-house of a maternal uncle at N.Y. He wrote for the N. Y. Literary Gazette ; was associate editor of the Morning Courier (1827-9), and also of the Mercantile Advertiser (1829-33). He has since pursued the business of marine insurance in New York. His publications are " Tales and Sketches by a Cosmopolite," 1830; and "Giordano," a trage dy, first performed at the Park Theatre, Nov. 1828; contrib. of criticism, essays, tales, and verse to the periodicals of the day ; and has been much connected with the drama in N.Y. Duyckinck. Lawson, JOHN, surveyor-gen, and histori an, b. Scotland; burned at the stake by the Indi ans of N.C. 1712. He began his surveys in 1700; and was an intelligent observer, enter prising and circumspect, but fell a victim to the jealousy of the natives. He was taken by them during one of his explorations, when in company with De Graffenried, a Swiss baron, who contemplated colonization. The latter was permitted to purchase freedom. He left a val uable history of the Carolinas, entitled "A New Voyage to Carolina, containing the Ex act Description and Natural History of that Country," &c., pub. London, 1709, 4to, and Raleigh, 12mo, 1860. Lawson, GEX. ROBERT, Rcvol. officer; d. Richmond, Va., Apr. 1805. Major 4th Va. regt. 13 Feb. 1776; col. in 1777; and com. a brigade of Va. militia under Greene at the bat tle of Guilford. See Nat. Intdl. Oct. 27, 1802. Lawson, THOMAS, brcv. brig.-gen.U.S.A., b. Va. App. surgeon s mate U.S.N. March 1, 1809; surgeon 6th Inf. May, 1813; surgeon- #33. (rank of col.) Nov. 30, 1836; lieut.-col. of P. F. Smith s regt. of La. vols. in Fla. war, 7.837; and com. a batt. N.Y. and Pa. vols. till May, 1838; brev. brig.-gen "for meritorious conduct" in the Mexican Avar, May 30, 1848. Author of " Report on Sickness and Mortality U.S.A. 1819-39," 8vo, 1840; "Meteorological Register 1826-30, and Appendix for 1822-5," 8vo, Phila. 1840. Lawton, ALEXANDER ROBERT, general C.S.A., b. S.C. ab. 1820. West Point, 1839 ; Camb. Law School, 1842. Entering the 1st Art., he resigned Dec. 31, 1840; adm. to the bar at Savannah in 1842; and became col. in the State militia. In 1849-54 he was pres. of the Savannah and Augusta Railroad ; member Ga. legisl. 1855-6; State senator 1854-61; pres. Ga. Dernoc. convention 1860. In 1861 he entered the service of Ga. ; but was subse quently transferred to the Confed. army, in which he was made brig.-gen. Lay, BENJAMIN, a benevolent and eccen tric Quaker, b. Eng. 1681 ; d. Abington, Pa., 1760. Bred to the sea. He settled in Barba- does ab. 1710; but became obnoxious to the inhabitants by his condemnation of slave-own ing ; left the island, and settled at Abington, near Phila. In 1737 he wrote a treatise entitled " All Slave-Keepers that keep the Innocent in Bondage Apostates." It was printed by Frank lin, who told the author that it was deficient in arrangement. " It is no matter," said Mr, Lay, "print any part thou pleasest first." Temperate in his diet, he declaimed against the introduction of tea as a pernicious herb. He distributed religious books as prizes to school children, also imparting to them advice and in struction. All his clothes were manufactured by himself. His bold, determined, and uniform reprehension of slavery, in defiance of public opinion, does him the highest honor. See uush s Essays, and Whar ton s Notes on tlie Lit. of Pa. Laye, FRANCIS, a British gen. of art. ; d. Newcastle-on-Tyne, Jan. 29, 1828. A lieut. of art,, he was ordered to N. York in 1773; was wounded at Bunker s Hill ; was in the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Fort Washing ton, Brandywine, Germautown, Monmouth, and in Gen. Leslie s exped. to Va. Joining Lord Rawdon, he was severely wounded at Camden ; received the special thanks of that officer, and was ordered home. Pie com. the art. in the West Indies in 1800 ; and served in the capture of the islands by the exped. under Admiral Duckworth and Gen. Trigge. Layne, CHARLES, b. Albemarlc, near Buck ingham Co., 1700; d. Campbell Co., Va., May 17, 1821, aged 121. He left a widow aged HO years, and a numerous and respectable family down to the 3d and 4th generations. Until the last few years of his life he enjoyed all his fac ulties, with vigorous bodily health. Lea, HENRY CHARLES, son of Isaac, and grandson of Mathcw Carey, b. Phila. 19 Sept. 1825. Present representative of the pub.-house established by Mathew Carey and Sons at the close of the last century. Author of " Super stition and Force," &c., 1866; "Studies in Church History," &c., 1869; "Hist, of Clerical Celibacy." Lea, ISAAC, LL.D. (H.U. 1852), naturalist, 534 b. Wilmington, Del., Mar. 4, 1792. His an cestors were ministers in the Society of Friends. Placed at the age of 15 with his elder bro., a merchant in Phila., he occupied his leisure in collecting minerals, fossils, &c. In 1815 he be came a member of the Acad. of Nat. Sciences of Phila., and shortly after pub. his first paper in the Journal of the Acad., describing the min erals in the neighborhood of Phila. In 1821 he joined the publishing-firm of his father-in- law, Mathew Carey, retiring from it in 1851. In 1827 he began a series of memoirs on new forms of fresh-water and land shells, which have been continued to the present time. In 1832 he visited Europe, and in 1833 pub. " Contributions to Geology," describing 228 species of tertiary fossils from Alabama. Mr. Lea has contemplated the publication of a large work on the unionidce of the U.S. He is a member of many learned bodies in Europe and Amer. In Dec. 1858 he was elected pres. of the Acad. of Natural Sciences of Phila. He has also pub. " Description of a New Ge nus of the Family Melaniana," 1851 ; " Fossil Footmarks in the Red Sandstones of Potts- ville ; " and " Synopsis of the Family of Naia des," 1852. bee list of 55 of his pubs, in Al- libone. Lea, THOMAS GIBSON, botanist (1785- 1844); left "A Catalogue of Plants, Native and Naturalized, collected in the Vicinity of Cincinnati, 0.," which was pub. by W. S. Sullivant, 1849. Bro. of Isaac, L.L.D. Leake, WALTER, gov. of Mpi. 1821-25, b. Va. ; d. Mt. Salus, Hines Co., Mpi., Nov. 17, 1825. A soldier of the Revol., and U.S. sena tor from 1817 to 1820. Learning, JEREMIAH, D.D. (Y.C. 1789), Epis. clergyman, b. Middletown, Ct., 1719; d. N. Haven, Sept. 15, 1804. Y.C. 1745. Ord. 1748. He preached 8 years at Newport, TV. I., 21 years at Norwalk, Ct. ; and at Stratford 8 years. During the Revol. he was confined in jail as a Tory, and contracted a disease of the hip, crippling him for life. In 1783 he declined the episcopacy of Ct. on account of infirmity. He wrote Defences of the Epis. Govt. of the Church, 1766 and 1770 ; " Evidences of Chris tianity," 1785; "Dissertations," 1789. Dr. L. was at one time thought of for the office of first bishop of the Amer. Epis. Church. Lear, TOBIAS, diplomatist, b. Portsmouth, N.H., Sept. 19, 1762 ; d. Washington, D.C., Oct. 10, 1816. H.U. 1783. In 1785 he be came private sec. to Gen. Washington, and was most liberally remembered by him in his will. In 1801 he was made consul-gen, at St. Domingo ; and from 1804 to 1812 was consul- gen, at Algiers, and commiss. to conclude a peace with Tripoli. The latter duty he per formed in 1805, much to the dissatisfaction of Gen. Eaton, who was gaining important ad vantages over the Tripolitans. Lear s conduct was approved by his govt., though much blamed by ft portion of the public. At his decease he was an accountant in the war department. Learned, GEN. EBENEZER, b. Framing- ham, Ms. ; d. Oxford, Ms., Apr. 1, 1801, a. 73. A capt. in the old French war (1756-63). He marched to Cambridge with his regf. (3d) the day after the battle of Lexington. After the removal of the army to N.Y., he became af flicted with disease, and in May, 1776, request ed permission to retire from the service. Apr. 2, 1777, Congress app. himabrig.-gen.; but, his health gradually sinking, he was permitted, Mar. 24, 1778, to retire from the army. Dee. 7, 1795, his name was placed upon the pension- list. At the first battle of Still water, Sept. 19, 1777, he com. the centre ; in Aug. previous, he marched his brigade to the relief of Fort Schuy- ler; he was at Valley Forge in the following winter. Leavenworth, GEN. HENRY, b. New Haven, Ct., Dec. 10, 1783 ; d. Cross Timbers, near the Falls of Washita, July 21, 1 &34. At the commencement of the war of 1812 he wasassoc. with Gen. Root in the practice of law. App. from N.Y. capt. 25th Inf. Apr. 1812 ; maj. 9th Inf. Aug. 15, 1813; com. his regt. and brev. lieut.-col. and col. for distinguished services at Chippewa, July 5, 1814; and at Niagara Falls, where he was wounded, July 25, 1814 ; lieut.-col. 5th Inf. Feb. 10, 1818 ; com. and dis- ting. in the exped. against the Arickarcc Indi ans, 700 miles above Council Bluffs on Mo. Ri ver; brev. brig.-gen. July 25, 1824 ; col. 3d Inf. Dec. 16, 1825. He established various military posts on our Western frontier, one of which, now the flourishing city of Leavenworth, Kan., perpetuates his name. Leavitt, DUDLEY, extensively known in N.H. as " Old Master Leavitt," having been its almanac-maker above half a century, com mencing in 1797; b. Exeter, May 23," 1772; d. Meredith, Sept. 15, 1851. He formerly kept school in winter; worked on his farm through out the year ; made almanacs, arithmetics, grammars, &c., in long winter evenings. Ho edited the Gilmanton Gazette in 1800; and in 1811 began the N.H. Register, which he edited some years. In 1806 he removed to Meredith, Leavitt, REV. JOSHUA, b. Heath, Mass., 1794. Y.C. 1814. Adm. to the bar 1819 ; onl. 1825. He pub. " Easy Lessons in Reading," 1823; "Christian Lyre," 1831; "Scries of Readers," 1847. Ed. Sailor s May., N.Y. Evangelist, N.Y. Independent, &c. ; d. Brook lyn, N.Y., Jan. 16, 1873. Lechford, THOMAS, a lawyer from Lon don, the first who came to N.E. intending to pursue the profession ; lived in Boston from 1638 to 1641. He returned to Eng., dissatis fied with the country, and pub. " Plaine Deal ing, or Newes from New England s Present Government, Ecclesiastical and Civil, Corn- pared," &c., Lond. 1642 (new ed. with introd. and notes by J. Hammond Trumbull, 1867); " New England s Advice to Old England," 41 o, 1644. He is said to have d. soon after the pub. of this book. See Hutchinson s Hist. Mass. Boy. Le Clear, THOMAS, painter, b. Owcgo, N.Y., March 11, 1818. In early youth he evinced his artistic skill, and practised por traiture in various places, until in 1839 he came to N.Y. City, where his picture called " Rep rimand " attracted attention. In 1844-60 he painted portraits in Buffalo, and has since re sided in N.Y. Among his portraits is " D. S. Dickinson," Edwin Booth as Hamlet. ex-Pres. Fillmore, Col. Thorpe, Col. Porter, McEntee, and Hubbard, artists ; and of his compositions, LEG 535 LEE "The Marble-Players," "Young America/ and " The Itinerants," are best known. Tuckerman. LeclerCQ, CHRETIEN, French missiona ry, b. Artois, ab. 1630. Sent to Canada in 1 655, where he labored many years. After his return to France, he pub. histories of the French Colonies in New France, and of La Salle s Exped. to Explore the Mpi., 1691. lie Conte, JOHN EATON, naturalist, b. near Shrewsbury, N. J., Feb. 22, 1784; d. Phi la. Nov. 21, 1860. He entered the engr. corps in 1 818, but resigned Aug. 20, 1831, hav ing attained the rank of major. His principal publications are, " Monographs of the N. American Species of Utricularia, Gratiola, and Ruellia; " " Observations of the N. American Species of Viola;" "Descriptions of the Species of N. American Tortoise " (in " An nals of N.Y. Lyceum of Nat. Hist.") ; " A Monography of N. American Histeroides " ( Boston Journal of Nat. Hist.) ; " Descriptions of Three New Species of Auricula, with Re marks upon other N. American Rodents " ( Proceedings of Phila. Acad. of Nat. Sciences). He was vice-pres. of the Amer. Acad. of Nat. Sciences, and had a high reputation for ac curacy as a naturalist. Le Conte, JOHN LAWRENCE, naturalist, son of the preceding, b. N.Y. May 13, 1825. N.Y. Coll. Phys. and Surg. 1846. He made scientific journeys to Lake Superior and the Upper Mpi. in 1844, to the Rocky Mountains in 1845, and to Lake Superior again in 1846. In 1848 he made a third journey to this lake, in company with Agassiz and others, and con- trib. the account of the coleoptera to the vol. giving the results of the exped. In 1849-51 he was in Cal., and explored the Colorado River. He has contrib. many papers, chiefly on coleoyterous insects, to the Transactions of various learned societies and to the Smithsonian " Contributions to Knowledge." Appleton. Le Conte, JOSEPH, M.D., naturalist and physician, b. Liberty Co., Ga., 1823. In 1851 he accomp. Prof. Agassiz on a scientific tour to Fla. ; and in 1856 became prof, of chemistry and geology in S.C. Coll. He has pub. several chemical and geological works. Lederer, JOHN, the first explorer of the Alleghanies, wrote in Latin an account of his " Three Several Marches from Va. to the West of Carolina, and. Other Parts of the Continent, begun in March, 1669, and ended in Sept. 1670," translated by Sir William Talbot, and pul>. in Lond. 1672. Duyckinck. Ledyard, JOHN, traveller, b. Groton, Ct., 1751; d. Cairo, Egypt, Jan. 17, 1789. He passed some time at Dartm. Coll. to fit him self for a missionary to the Indians, and spent several months among the tribes of the Six Nations, but, impelled by a restless spirit of adventure, shipped at N. London as a common sailor, and, being in London when Cook was starting on his last voyage around the world, embarked with him as a corporal of marines. He kept a journal of this voyage, a brief sketch of which was pub. in Hartford in 1783. He made several fruitless efforts to set on foot a trading exped. to the N.W. coast, and went to Europe in June, 1784. He then undertook a journey through Northern Europe and Asia, and across Behring s Straits to the western hemisphere. Sir Joseph Banks and others gave him a small supply of money ; and in the latter part of 1786 he departed. Arriving at Stockholm, he walked around the whole coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, reaching St. Petersburg in the latter part of March, 1787, without money, shoes, or stockings. This jour ney, of upward of 1,400 miles, took less than 7 weeks. Proceeding on his way to Siberia, he was arrested at Irkootsk, Feb. 24, 1788, by order of the empress, conducted to the frontier of Poland, and dismissed with an intimation that he would be hanged if he re-entered Rus sia. This arrest is supposed to have been caused by the jealousy of the Russian- American Trad ing Company. Ledyard found his way back to London, "disappointed, ragged, and penniless," and at once accepted an offer to explore the interior of Africa. Leaving Eng. in the latter part of June, he was attacked at Cairo by a bilious disorder, which put an end to his life. For capacity, endurance, and resolution, he was most remarkable. He said of himself, " I have known both hunger and nakedness to the utmost extremity of human suffering. I have known what it was to have food given me as chanty to a madman ; and I have at times been obliged to shelter myself under the miseries of that character to avoid a heavier calamity." Some of his manuscripts were printed in Lon don a few years after his death in the Mem oirs of the Society instituted for encouraging Discoveries in the Interior of Africa. Many extracts from his journal, and his private cor- resp. with Jefferson and others, are given in Sparks s " Life of Ledyard." Ledyard, WILLIAM, col. in the Revol. army, b. Groton, Ct., 1738; d. Sept. 6, 1781. Uncle of the preceding. During the marauding exped. of Arnold along the coast of Ct., Col. L. with 157 militiamen, hastily collected, threw himself into Fort Griswold, opposite N. London, when it was attacked by the British colonel, Eyre, with 800 men. After a brave resistance, and a loss of 200 men inflicted 01: the enemy, the work was carried by assault, an J its gallant defenders put to the sword. The Tory major, Bromfield, on receiving Ledyard s sword, de liberately ran him through the body, killing him on the spot. A monument commemorates the event and locality. His widow d. Phila. Nov. 8, 1848, a. 90. Lee, ALFRED, D.D. (Trin. Coll. 1841), Prot.-Ep. bishop of Del., b. Cambridge, Ms., Sept. 9, 1807. H.U. 1827. He studied law; was adm. to the New London bar in 1830; and practised in Norwich in 1831-3. He then stu died in the Gen. Theol. Sem. in N.Y. ; was 3rd. deacon in June, 1837 ; priest, June, 1838; was pastor of Calvary Church, Rockdale, Del. Co., Pa., from Sept. 1838 to Sept. 1841 ; and was consec. bishop Oct. 12, 1841 ; rector of St. Andrew s Church, Wilmington. Author of a " Life of the Apostle Peter," 1852; "Life of St. John," 1854; "Treatise on Baptism," 1854 ; " Memoir of Miss Susan Allibone," 8vo. 1856; "The Harbinger of Christ," 12moj 1857. Lee, ANN, founder of the sect of Shaking LEE 536 LEE Quakers in this country, b. Manchester, Eng., Feb. 29, 1736; d. Watervliet, N.Y., Sept. 8, 1784. She was employed in a cotton-factory, and afterwards as a cook in the Manchester Infirmary ; m. a blacksmith named Stanley ; and in 1758 joined the small society formed by James and Jane Wardiey, Quakers, the origi nators of the sect of Shakers in Eng. Ab. 1770 she began to testify against the wickedness of marriage as " the root of human depravity," and was confined for several weeks in a mad house. She came with some of her followers to New York in 1774; and in the spring of 1776 established herself at Watervliet, near Albany, at which time she became their recog nized head. She was charged with witchcraft, and, being opposed to war, was accused of secret corresp. with the British. A charge of high treason was preferred against her, and she was imprisoned at Albany and in the Poughkeepsie jail until her release by Gov. Clinton in 1777. Returning to Watervliet, her followers greatly increased. In 1780, during a religions revival in New Lebanon and several adjoining towns, under the influence of Ann Lee, many persons were converted to the doctrines of the Shakers. In this movement originated the flourishing society at New Lebanon. In 1781-3 Ann Lee, and the elders of the society at Watervliet, made a missionary journey through N.E., in the course of which societies were founded in Har vard, Ms., and other places. So great were the spiritual gifts she was believed to possess, that she was acknowledged a spiritual mother in Christ. Hence her name of " Mother Ann." See Millennial Church pub. by the Shakers. Lee, ARTHUR, LL.D. (H.U. 1789), diplo matist of the Revol., the youngest of 6 disting. brothers, b. Westmoreland Co., Va., 20 Dec. 1740 ; d. 14 Dec. 1792. Educated at Eton and the U. of Edinburgh, he took the degree of M.D. in 1765; made the tour of Europe; and, returning to Va., practised at Williamsburg with success. Determining to be a lawyer, he went to Eng. to study the profession in 1766 ; joined the society of supporters of the bill of rights ; engaged in a literary controversy with " Junius," and, under the signature of " Junius Anierieanus," wrote political articles that gained him the acquaintance of Johnson, Burke, Dr. Price, and other eminent men. In 1 769 he pub. " The Monitor s Letters," in vin dication of colonial rights. Adm. to the bar in 1770, and app. by the Ms. Assembly agent, in case of the absence or death of Dr. Frank lin, he co-operated with him, and received in 1784, for his services to the State, 4,000 acres of land. In 1 774 he pub. at Paris " An Appeal to the People of Great Britain," which was ascribed to Lord Chatham. Appointed in Nov. 1775 the London correspondent of Congress. In Aug. 1775 he presented the second petition of Congress to the king. App. in Sept. 1776 one of the commiss. to France, and at the same time agent for Va., he succeeded in procuring for that State, from the royal arsenals, warlike stores to the value of nearly 260,000. In May, 1777, Congress app. him sole commiss. to Spain, still retaining him on the French i:onnuiss. He presented to the Spanish Govt. %n eloquent memoir on " The Present State of the Dispute between America and Great Britain," and finally procured a large money loan. He next went to Berlin, where he wa s permitted to reside in a private capacity, and to correspond secretly with the court, from whom he received friendly assurances. Dis cord arising between Lee and the other com missioners, factions were created in Congress which endangered the cause ; and Lee became the bitter enemy of Franklin, whom he falsely charged with connivance at fraud and corrup tion, and with being under French influence. Lee was envious of the superiority of Franklin, whom he persistently libelled in his letters to Congress. When, in 1779, it was determined to send a minister to Spain, Lee, though nominated, was not app. He then resigned ; returned home in Aug. 1780; communicated his views to Congress ; and also pub. " Ex tracts from a Letter to Congress in Answer to a Libel by Silas Deane," Deane in a. published address having charged Lee with obstructing the alliance with France, and disclosing the secrets of Congress to British noblemen. Mem ber of the Va. Assembly in 1781 ; member of Congress in 1782-5; delegate to treat with the northern Indians in 1784 ; and member of the treasury board in 1785-9, whence he retired to a farm on the Rappahannock. He was a pure patriot; a man of polite manners, but of strong passions, and a jealous and melancholy temperament. His " Life and Corresp. " was pub. by his grand-nephew, R. H. Lee, 2 vols. 1829. Lee, CHARLES, maj.-gen. Revol. army, b. Dernhall, Cheshire, Eng., 1731 ; d. Phila. 2 Oct. 1782. Son of Col. John Lee. Entering the army at an early age, he came in 1754 to Amer. ; served under Braddock in the disas trous defeat of the Monongahela, and, in com. of a comp. of grenadiers, was wounded in the unsuccessful assault on Ticonderoga. He dwelt for a time with the Mohawk Indians, who made him a chief, and named him in their language " Boiling Water." In 1762 he dis ting. himself in Portugal under Burgoyne ; in 1768 the King of Poland app. him a maj.-gen., but he soon returned to Eng.; and in 1772 was made a lieut.-col., and placed .on half-pay. He wrote on the side of the Americans in their dispute with the British ministry, with whom he became still more imbittered on failing to obtain promotion. After some years of travel in Europe, he killed an Italian officer in a duel, and in the summer of 1773 came to New York. He travelled through the Colonies, encouraging the Americans to resist, and pur chased land in Berkeley Co., Va. Made maj.- gen. 17 June, 1775, by Congress, he resigned his commiss. in the British service, accomp. Washington to Boston, and in Feb. 1776 took charge of the defence of N. York. Sent soon after, as com.-in-chief of the southern dept. to the Carolina*, he infused order and confidence everywhere, and received a great accession of military reputation from the successful defence of Fort Moultrie, to which, however, he con tributed very slightly. He then visited Ga., which he assisted in fortifying, and returned north in season to procure" the withdrawal of the army from a position of great hazard. 3L.EE 537 LEE Left in Westchester Co. with a force of 3,000 men, he seems to have been actuated from that time solely by the desire to gratify his own personal ambition at any cost. Notwithstand ing the earnest appeal from Washington to join him in N. Jersey, he lingered, hoping an opportunity would present itself to make an in dependent demonstration on the enemy s flank. He was taken prisoner by Col. Harcourt, while lying carelessly guarded at a considerable dis tance from the main body, 13 Dec. 1776. Mar. 29, 1777, while a prisoner, he proposed a plan for subjugating the States, and addressed it to Gen. Howe. In May, 1778, he was exchanged for Gen. Prescott. At the battle of Monmouth, 28 June, 1778, Lee was ordered to attack the rear of Clinton s army, which was retreating through N. J. Outmanoeuvred by the latter, he ordered a retreat, which soon became disorder ly. Washington met him at this juncture, and reprimanded him. Lee replied in improper language, but executed the subsequent orders of Washington with courage and ability. Lee, after the battle, addressed a disrespectful letter to Washington, and 12 Aug. 1778, was sen tenced by a court-martial to be suspended from the army for a year, which sentence was con firmed by Congress. Lee pub. a defence of his conduct, in which he abused Washington. This led to a duel with Col. Laurens, in which Lee was wounded. Lee then retired to his estate in Berkeley Co., Va., where he amused himself with his books and dogs, writing also some political and military queries, afterward pub. in Baltimore. A vol. of his Essays and Corresp. was pub. in 1792. He is said to have claimed the authorship of Junius s Letters, and an attempt was made by Dr. Thos. Girdlestone to prove Lee and Junius identical. Lee was brave, " plain in his person to a degree of ugliness, careless even to unpoliteness, his garb ordinary, his voice rough, his manners rather severe, yet sensible, learned, judicious, and penetrating." See Memoirs of Lee by E. Lany worth//, by his kinsman Sir Henry Bunbury ; Life and Treason of Charles Lee, by George H. Moore ofN. Y., 1861 ; Proceedings of Court-Mar tial, 6 July, 1778, N.Y. 8vo, 1864. Lee, CHARLES, lawyer; d. at his seat in Fauquier Co., Va., June 24, 1815, a. 57. N. J. Coll. 1775. Bro. of Gen. Henry Lee. He studied law under Jared Ingersoll in Phila. ; was sec. of an important board of the Cont. Congress; member of the Va. Assembly; naval officer of the Dist. of the Potomac till 1795 ; and U.S. atty.-gen. from Dec. 10, 1795, until 1801 ; subsequently app. chief justice U.S. Circuit Court by Jefferson, but declined. Lee, CHAUNCEY, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1823), b. Salisbury, Ct., 1763; d. Hartwick, N. Y., Nov. 5, 1842. Y.C. 1784. Son of Rev. Jona than. After practising law a short time, he studied theology ; was pastor of Sunderland, Vt., 1790-7; of Colebrook in 1800-27; and of Marlborough, Ct., 1827-35. He wrote poetry, and was skilled in music ; was a clas sical scholar, and a man of learning. He pub. an Arithmetic, 1797; a poetical version of Job, 1807 ; Sermons for Revivals, 1824; " Let ters from Aristarchus to Philemon," 1833. Spragus, Lee, MRS. ELEANOR PERCY, ne e, WARE, b, Natchez, Mpi., ab. 1820; d. ab. 1850. M. at Cincinnati to H. W. Lee of Vicksburg. In conjunction with her sister, Mrs. Catharine Ann Warfield, she pub. " The Wife of Leon and other Poems, by the Sisters of the West," N.Y., 1843 ; "The Indian Chamber and other Poems," 1846. See Specimens and favorable notice in Griswold s Female Poets of America, and Poets and Poetry of the West. Lee, ELIZA BUCKMINSTER, authoress, b. Portsmouth, N. H., ab. 1794. Dau. of Dr. Joseph, and sister of Joseph Stevens Buckmin- ster. From them she acquired a classical education and a fondness for literary pursuits. M. to Mr. Thomas Lee of Boston, and died Brookline, Ms., June 22, 1864. She published " Sketches of a New-England Village/ 1837 ; " Delusion," " Life of Jean Paul Richter," 1842 (translated from the German); "Walt and Vult, or the Twins" (translated from Richter), 1845 ; " Naomi, or Boston 200 Years Ago," 1848 ; "Memoir of Rev. Dr. Buckmin- ster and J. 8, Buckminster," 1849 ; " Florence the Parish Orphan," 1850 ; " Parthenia, or the Last Days of Paganism," 1858; and the "Barefooted Maiden," a translation. Lee, FRANCIS, col. U.S.A., b. Pa. 1803; d. St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 19, 1859. West Point (lieut.of inf.), 1822. Capt. 31 May, 1834; served in the Florida war 1840-2 ; maj. 4th Inf. Feb. 16, 1847; com. that regt. in Valley of Mexi co ; brev. lieut.-col. for gallant and meritorious conduct in battles of Contreras and Churubus- co, Aug. 20, 1847; brev. col. for El Molino del Rey, Sept. 8, 1847 ; and disting. in the cap ture of Mexico City ; lieut.-col. 6th Inf. Mar. 9, 1851 ; col. 2d Inf. Oct. 18, 1855. Gardner. Lee, FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT, signer of the Decl. of Indep., bro. of Arthur, b. Stratford, Va., Oct. 14, 1734; d. Richmond, Apr. 1797. Owing to the death of his father, he was not, like his bros. sent abroad for education, but re ceived instruction under the direction of Rev. Mr. Craig. His father had left him an inde pendent estate. Member of the house of bur gesses 1765-72. He then m. Rebecca, dau. of Col. John Tayloe of Richmond, and settled at Monocan. Delegate to the Cont. Cong, from Aug. 1775, to the spring of 1779, serving upon many important committees, and fre quently as chairman of the com. of the whole. His chief services in Congress were in aiding in framing the old articles of Confederation, and the stand which he took in favor of mak ing the right to the northern fisheries, and to the navigation of the Mpi., indispensable grounds to the conclusion of the treaty with Eng. Afterward State senator. His " gay good humor and pleasing wit " made him a favorite with all ; and his plain and easy man ners rendered him easy of access by all classes. Lee, HANNAH F. (SAWYER), authoress, b. Newburyport, Ms., 1780; d. Boston, Dec. 28, 1865. The dau. of an eminent physician. She m. George Gardiner Lee, and long resided in Boston. Her first known publication was the Appendix to Hannah Adams s Memoir of herself, which was succeeded by " Grace Sey mour," a novel, and " Three Experiments of Living," 1838, esteemed her best work. Her LEE 538 LEE other works are " The Old Painters," "Elea nor Fulton," "Rich Enough," "Luther and his Times," " Cranraer and his Times," " The Huguenots in France and America," " The World before You," " Stories from Life," 1849 ; " History of Sculpture and Sculptors," 1854; "Memoir of Pierre Toussaint," 1853; " Rosanna, or Scenes in Boston ; " and " The Contrast, or Different Modes of Education." Lee, GEX. HENRY, soldier, and gov. of Va. 1791-4, b. Westmoreland Co., Va., Jan. 29, 1756; d. Cumberland Island, Ga., Mar. 25, 1818. N.J. Coll. 1773. Henrv his father was first cousin of R. II. Lee. His mother was Mary, dau. of Col. Bland of Jordans. In 1776 he was app. a capt. in Eland s Cav. ; and in Sept. 1777 joined the main army. By the strict discipline he introduced, he was enabled to move with celerity and effect; and his rapid and daring system of tactics made " Lee s Le gion " highly efficient. Washington selected his company for his body-guard at the battle of German town. In Jan. 1778, Lee, with only 10 men, was attacked in a stone house by 200 British troopers, whom he beat off. He was soon after made a major, with the com. of an independent corps of 2 companies of horse, af terward increased to 3, and a body of inf. July 19, 1779, he surprised the garrison of Paulus Hook, and took 160 prisoners. For his " prudence, address, and bravery " in this af fair, Congress voted him a gold medal. Made lieut.-col. Nov. 6, 1780, he joined Greene s south ern army in Jan. 1781. During the famous retreat of Greene before Cornwallis, Lee s Le gion formed the rear-guard. While watching the movements of Cornwallis in N.C., he fell upon the Tory Col. Pyle, who was leading 400 men to Cornwallis, killing and capturing most of his command. At the battle of Guilford, Lee encountered Tarleton, and drove him back with loss ; afterward held his ground obstinately on Greene s left wing ; and finally covered the retreat. It was by Lee s advice, that Greene adopted the daring policy of not following Corn wallis into Va., but of leaving that province to its fate, and marching south to end the con flict in S.C. and Ga. The result fully vindi cated the expediency of this policy. Lee with his Legion joined the partisan force under Mar ion, and, by a series of vigorous operations, re duced Forts Watson, Motte, and Granby. While on his way to join Col. Pickens, he sur prised and took Fort Galphin. Augusta was taken after a siege of 16 days. He was also at the unsuccessful siege of Ninety-six. At Eu- taw his gallantry contributed greatly to the suc cessful result ; Lee s impetuous charge, causing the retreat of the British left wing, probably saved the army from defeat. Lee soon after retired from the service; settled down at Strat ford ; and was soon after m. to his cousin Ma tilda, dau. of Philip Ludwell Lee. His second wife was Anne, dau. of Charles Carter. In 1786 he was a delegate to Congress ; and in the Va. conv. of 1788 was a prominent advocate of the Federal Const. He afterwards served in the Va. house of delegates. App. to com. the force raised to quell the Whiskey Insurrec tion in 1794, his advance at the head of 15,000 men speedily stopped all resistance. In 1799 he was again in Congress, where he delivered the eulogy on Washington, in which occurs the celebrated phrase " First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country men." While confined for debt he wrote, in 1809, his " Memoirs of the War in the Southern Dept. of the U.S." In 1814 he was in Balti more when the riots connected with the Federal Republican, newspaper, occurred, and received, in resisting the mob, injuries from which he never recovered. Lee was above the medium height, and well-proportioned. Of his milita ry talents Greene said, " No man in the prog ress of the southern campaign had equal merit with Lee." The " love and than ks " expressed to Lee in Washington s letter in 1789 show the affection which his generous qualities had inspired. Lee, HENRY, author, son of Gen. Henry, b. Stratford, Westmoreland Co., Va., 1787 ; d. Paris, Jan. 30, 1837. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1808. App. major 36th Inf. Apr. 8/1813; aide-de-camp to Gen. Wilkinson, and afterward of Gen. Izard on the Canadian frontier. Af ter the war he m. Miss Ann McCarty, whose estate adjoined his own. In 1824 he pub. "Campaign of 1781 in the Carolinas," an answer to the strictures in Johnson s " Life of Greene," on his father and the Legion. Though a Federalist, he advocated in a series of essays the election of Gen. Jackson, who in 1829 app. him consul at Algiers ; but, not having been confirmed by the senate, he returned within a year. The first vol. of his " Life of Napoleon " appeared at Paris and N.Y. in 1835 ; and after his death, this, with the additional matter he had prepared, was pub. in Loud, and Paris, bringing the history down to the close of the first Italian campaign. In 1832 he again vin dicated his father s fame in his " Observations on the Writings of Thomas Jefferson," repub. in 1845, with additional notes by C. C. Lee. Dwjckinck. Lee, JESSE, a Methodist preacher of zeal and ability, b. Pr. George Co., Va. ; d. Hills- borough, Md., Sept. 12, 1816, a. 58. He had, during the 33 years of his ministry, labored much in the N. E. States ; chaplain to Con gress during 6 terms. Much of the early his tory of Methodism in Amer, is based upon his " Notes." See Life and Times of, by L, M. Lee. Lee, JOSEPH, first minister of Royalscon, Ms., b. Concord, Ms.; d. Feb. 16, 1819, a. 77. H. U. 1765. Ord. Oct. 19, 1768. He pub. "Four Sermons," 1?82, 12mo; "Half-Century Sermon," 1818; "Ord. Sermon," 1803. Allen. Lee, LEROY MADISON, D.D., clergyman, b. Petersburg, Va., April 30, 1808. He Studied law, but entered the ministry of the M. E. Church in 1828. He has pub. several sermons, "Letters to a Young Convert/ "Life and Times of Jesse Lee," a small vol. on " Con firmation," and another on "Perseverance." In 1836, and from 1839 to Dec. 1858, he edited the Richmond Christian Advocate. Lee, LUTHER, D.D. (Mid. Coll. 1859), cler gyman and author, b. Schoharie, N.Y., 1800. Self-educated. He joined the M. E. Church in 1821, and soon began to preach. In 1827 he joined the Genesee Conf, ; became a travelling preacher ; engaged in several public tlicol. dis- LEE 539 LEE sussuus; and lectured on temperance. In 1836 he began to preach against slavery, and was mobbed several times. In 1841 he edited the N. E. Christian Advocate, an antislavery jour nal, at Lowell, Ms. He soon after issued a paper named the Sword of Truth ; and in 1842 seceded from the Meth. Church, and began a weekly journal, the True Wesleyan. In 1843 he be came pastor of the church in Syracuse, N.Y. In 1844, at the first Wesl. conf., he was chosen pres. and editor of the True Wesleyan, thence forth pub. in New York. He left that city in 852, and resumed the charge of the church m Syracuse. In 1854-5 he edited the Evan gelical Pulpit, a periodical. Elected pres. and prof, of theol. of Mich. Un. Coll., at Leoni, in 1856 ; he resigned in 1857 ; removed to Felici ty, O. ; and since 1859 has been pastor of a church in Chagrin Falls, 0. Author of "Uni- versalism Examined and Exposed/ 1836; " The Immortality of the Soul ; " " Revival Manual/ 1850; "Ecclesiastical Manual," 1850; " Slavery examined in the Light of the Bible," 1855; and "Elements of Theology," 1856. Lee, MARY ELIZABETH, authoress, b. Charleston, S.C., Mar. 23, 1813 ; d. there Sept. 23, 1849. She was a niece of Judge Thomas Lee, dau. of "Win. Early manifested literary tastes, and contrib. in prose and verse to the Southern Review and other periodicals. Her "Tales from History" was pub. by the Ms. Library Association. A selection from her poems was pub. in 1851, with a Memoir by Samuel Oilman, D.D. Lee, RICHARD HENRY, statesman and ora tor, b. Stratford, Va., Jan. 20, 1732 ; d. Chan- tilly, Va., June 19, 1794. His father Thomas, pres. of the Council of Va. in 1749, who d. in 1750, left six sons, all of whom rose to emi nence: Philip Ludwell (a member of the Coun cil), Thomas Ludwell, Richard Henry, Fran cis Lightfoot, William, and Arthur. Rich ard was educated at the Acad. of Wakefield, Yorkshire, Eng. At the age of 19 he returned to his native country. In 1756 he was app. a justice of the peace, then an office of distinc tion, and in 1757 he was chosen to the h. of burgesses, where he soon disting. himself in de bate. Placed upon a special com. to draught an address to the king, a memorial to the house of lords, and a remonstrance to the house of commons, Mr. Lee was selected to prepare the two- first papers. He supported Patrick Hen ry s famous resolutions against the Stamp Act. In 1770 he was a member of the association for non-importation, and in 1773 one of the com. of corresp. In Sept. 1774 he was a delegate to the First Congress. He was a member of all the leading committees, and penned the memo rial of Congress to the people of British Amer ica. In the following year he was unanimously elected to the Assembly, by which he was sent to the Second Congress. The second address of Congress to the people of Great Britain unsurpassed as a state paper of the time was from his pen. But his most important service was his motion (June 7, 1776) " That these united Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States ; that they are ab solved from all allegiance to the British crown ; and tbat all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." His tpeech on intro ducing this bold measure was one of the most brilliant displays of eloquence ever heard. Ho left Congress in June, 1777; was again a mem ber in Aug. 1778-80, 1784-5, and 1786-7. In 1780-4 he served in the Assembly, and, at the head of the militia of his county, protected it from the incursions of the British. In 1784 he was chosen pres. of Congress by a unanimous vote, but retired at the end of the year ; and in 1786 and 87 was again in the Va. Assembly. In 1792 ill health forced him to retire from pub lic life, when be was again honored by the Va. legisl. with a vote of thanks. Strongly opposed to the Federal Constitution, which he regarded as a consolidation of political powers which would tend to destroy the independence of the State govts., he contended for the necessity of amendments to it previously to its adoption in 1789 ; and was a senator from Va. from 1789 to 1792, supporting the administration of Washington. Author of a number of political pamphlets; and his correspondence, with a Memoir, was pub. by his grandson R. H. Lee, in 1825, 2 vols. 8vo. Lee, ROBERT EDWARD, gen.-in-chief of the C.S.A., son of Gen. Henry Lee of the Revol. army, b. StarTord, Westmoreland Co., Va., June 19, 1807 ; d. Lexington, Va., Oct. 12, 1870. West Point, 1829 (second in his class). His mother was Anne Carter. Entering the engi neers, he was made capt. 7 July, 1838; was chief engr. of Wool s brigade in the Mexican war; and earned the brevets of maj., lieut.-col., and col. for Cerro Gordo, Contreras, and Chu- rubusco, and at Chapultepec, where he was wounded. His services as an engineer at Vera Cruz, and the subsequent operations in Mexico, were highly eulogized by Gen. Scott. Supt. Milit. Acad. Sept. 1, 1852-Mar. 3. 1855, when he was made lieut.-col. 2d Cav. ; col. 1st Cav. Mar 16, 1861. App. Apr. 22 to com. the forces of the seceding State of Va., he resigned his position in the army ; was made maj .-gen. Con- fed, army, May 10, and general July 4. Defeated Oct. 3, 1861, by Gen. J. F. Reynolds, at the battle of Green brier, Western Va., he took com. of the S. Atlantic States ; and, after Gen. Johnston was w r ounded at Fair Oaks (May 31, 1862), Lee was placed at the head of the army defending Richmond, and led it through the remainder of the Chickahominy campaign, in which McClellan was worsted. He attacked the army of Gen. Pope in Aug., and, forcing it back, invaded Md. Sept. 4-6, and occupied Frederick, but was defeated at Antie- tam (Sept. 17), and forced to retreat, which he did with little loss.^ Dec. 13, 1862, he defeated Burnside at Fredericksburg, Va. ; and at Chan- cellorsville, May 2, 1863, defeated Hooker. He led his army into Pa.; and at Gettysburg was defeated with great loss by Gen. Meade, July 3-4, 1863. In the spring of 1864 Gen. Grant took com. of the Union forces ; and after a struggle of 11 months of great severity, during which Lee was driven back upon Richmond and Petersburg, he was compelled to abandon Richmond, Apr. 2, 1865, and to surrender his entire army, Apr. 9, 1865. During this, the severest and most destructive campaign of the 540 tvar, Lee evinced great energy and daring, as well as soldiership of the highest character. Pres. of Wash. Coll., Lexington, Va., from Oct. 2, 1865, till his death. In 1866 he edited a new edition of his father s Memoirs. His "Life and Campaigns," by J. D. McCabe, jun., was pub. 1869. His sons, William H. F., George W. Custis, and R. E., Avere officers in the confed. army. Lee, SAMUEL PHILLIPS, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Va. Feb. 13, 1811. Midshipm. Nov. 22, 1825; lieut.Feb.9, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 25, 1866; rear-adm. June, 1870 ; attached to coast-survev 1841-4 and 1847-51 ; com. brig. "Dolphin, 1852 ; sloop-of-war " Oneida," in the attack on and passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and the battles on the Mpi. from N. Orleans to Vicksburg; in July, 1862, com. the N. Atlan tic block, squad., and was active in performing the arduous duties of the post, making the blockade as effective as possible. Transferred" to the Mpi. squad, in the summer of 1864, he Kept the Cumberland River open to Thomas s army, by which it was supplied and re-enforced. Author of " Cruise of the Dolphin," 1851-2, 8vo, 1854. Lee, THOMAS, jurist, b. Charleston, S.C., Dec. 1, 1769; d. there Oct. 24, 1839. Edu cated for the legal profession, he soon attained a commanding position ; was member of the State legisl. ; pres. of the State Bank 1817; State solicitor 1794; compt.-gen. until 1816; judge of the C.C.P. 1804; and judge of the U.S. court for the dist. of S.C. from 1823 till the close of his life. During the nullification excitement he was one of the leaders of the Union party, and an able writer in its defence. He was also active in the temperance reform, and in benevolent enterprises. Lee, THOMAS LUDWELL, statesman, b. Stafford, Va., ab. 1730 ; d. before the close of the Revol., a. 47. Second of the bros. Lee, so disting. in the Revol. epoch, he held a conspicu ous position as a patriot and lawyer. Mem ber of the house of burgesses, of the conven tions of July and Dec. 1775, and of the com. of safety. In the memorable convention of May, 1776, he was placed on the com. to draft a decl. of rights and a plan of govt. On the organization of the State govt. he was app. one of the 5 revisers, and was elected one of the 5 judges of the Gen. Court. Grigsby. Lee, THOMAS SIM, statesman; d. Need- wood, Frederick Co., Va., Nov. 9, 1819, a. 75. Gov. Md. 1 779-83 and 1792-4. Member Cont. Congress 1783-4; member convention which ratified the U.S. Constitution. Lee, WILLIAM, 5th of the bros. so disting. in our Revol. annals, b. ab. 1737 ; d. Green- spring, Va., June 27, 1795. He was sent to London as the agent of Va. ; became a merchant there ; and, being a zealous Whig, was elected sheriff of Lond. and Middlesex in 1773, and In 1 775 an alderman, but resigned on the break ing-out of the war, and went to France. He heartily joined his bros. in maintaining the Revol. struggle ; communicated important in telligence ; and was app. by Congress commer cial agent at Nantes in Jan. 1777 ; was after ward minister at the Hague, and was its agent at Vienna and Berlin, but was recalled early in 1 779. An able writer, and an ardent patriot. Lee, Z. COLLINS, jurist; b. Dec. 5, 1805; d. Bait., Dec. 26, 1859. An eminent lawyer, and an eloquent and effective speaker. Edu cated in the Va. U. ; he studied law under Win, and practised in Bald m ore with success. From 1848 to 1856 he was U.S. dist.-atty. ; and from Nov. 1855, until his death, he was judge of the Superior Court. Son of RICHARD BLAND, M.C. 1789-95; judge of the Orphans Court, Washington City, at his death, 12 Mar. 1827, a. 64. Leeds, JOHN, surveyor-gen, of Md., b. at his family homestead in the Bay Hundred of Talbot Co., Md., May 18, 1705; d. Wades Point Plantation in Mar. 1790. For 40 years he was a clerk of the County Court, treas. of the Eastern Shore, and a judge of the Prov. Court; in 1760-4, he was specially commis sioned to supervise the returns of Messrs. Ma son and Dixon, of the boundaries of Md and Pa. Author of " Observ. of the Transit of Venus," June 3, 1769, in "Phil. Trans.," 1769. Leeser, ISAAC, religious writer, b. New- kirch, Westphalia, Dec. 12, 1806; d. Phila. Feb. 1, 1868. Emigrating to Richmond, Va., in 1824, he devoted himself for a short time to commerce. In 1829-50 he was rabbi of the principal synagogue of Phila. ; minister of the new congregation Beth-el-emeth, 1857. Among his works are " The Jews and the Mosaic Law," 1833 ; " Discourses, Argumentative and Devo tional," 1836-41 ; A Portuguese Form of Prayers, 1837; "Descriptive Geography of Palestine;" and a translation of the Hebrew Holy Scriptures, according to Jewish au thorities, 1856. In 1843, and for some years subsequently, he edited the Jewish Advocate (or Occident). Allibone. Leete, WILLIAM, gov. Ct. 1661-5 and 1676, till his death, at Hartford, Apr. 16, 1683. He came to N. E. in 1637 ; was an early settler of N. Haven ; a founder of the town of Guil- ford, Sept. 29, 1639 ; many years town clerk of G. ; assist, of New Haven Colony 1643-57 ; anddep.-gov. 1658 and 1669-75. He was often a com miss, of the Colonies between 1655 and 1 679. He befriended and hospitably entertained the regicides in Mar. 1661. Lefevre, PETER PAUL, D.D., R.C. bishop of Detroit, b. Roulerz, West Flanders, Apr. 30,1804; d. Detroit, Mich., Mar. 4, 1869. He completed his studies at Paris ; came to the U.S. in 1828; ord. sub-deacon and priest in St. Louis, Mo., in 1831 ; commenced his labors at New Madrid, Mo. ; and was soon transferred to an extensive mission, consisting of the north ern part of Mo., the western part of 111., and Southern Iowa. Nov. 21, 1841, he was consec. co adjutorof Detroit. He founded St. Mary s Hospital, the Mich. State Retreat, the Coll. of Lourain, and several orphan-asylums, convents, academies, and schools. Leftwich, GEN. JOEL, b. Bedford Co., Va., 1759; d. there 20 Apr. 1846. A soldier of the Revol. ; he fought at Germantown and Camden, and at Guilford was severely wounded. He com. a brigade under Harrison at Ft. Meigs in the war of 1812; became a maj.-gen. of mi- LEG- 541 LEI litiu ; was often a member of the Va. legisl. ; and many ^ r ears a J. P. of Bedford Co. Legare (leh-gree ), HUGH SWINTON, law yer and scholar, b. Charleston, S.C., 2 Jan. 1797; d. Boston, 20 June, 1843. S.C. Coll. 1814. Of Huguenot descent. After 3 years study of law, he went to Edinburgh, where he studied civil law, mathematics, philos., and chem. ; travelled in Europe in 1819, and, re turning in 1820, devoted himself for a time to agric. pursuits near Charleston, S.C. He af terward practised law in C. ; sat in the State legisl. till 1 830 ; became atty.-gen. of the State ; was at the same time principal editor of the Southern Review, and a, contrib. to the N.Y. Review ; charge d affaires to Belgium 1832-6 ; M.C. 1837-9; and U.S. atty.-gen. from Mar. 1841, to his death. He advocated State rights, but opposed nullification. His writings, ed. by his sister, were coll. and pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, 1846. His sister, MART SWINTON LE GARE BULLEN, artist, b. Charleston, S. C., ab. 1800. Among her best works are a "Spanish Pointer," and "The Dogs of St. Bernard." In 1849 she emigrated to Lee Co., Iowa, and founded at West Point " Legare Coil., "for the liberal education of women ; to which, for many years, she devoted her time and means Legge, FRANCIS, lieut.-gov. of Nova Scotia. June, 1773; administered its affairs until 1782 ; d. at his seat near Pinner, Eng., May 15, 1783. App. capt. 46th Foot, Feb. 1756 ; lieut.-col. 55th., Feb. 1773. Leggett, MORTIMER D., lawyer and sol dier, b. Ithaca, N.Y., Apr. 19, 1831. His par ents, who were Friends, took him at 16 to Geauga Co., Ohio. Adm. to the bar in 1853. He removed to Zanesville in 1857 ; continued to practise, and also to superintend the public schools of that city, until the fall of 1861, when he raised the 78th Ohio Inf., and was made col. Jan. 11, 1862. He was at FortDouelson ; at Pittsburg Landing, where he was disting. and wounded ; siege of Corinth ; com. a brigade ; and captured Jackson, Tenn., in June ; and Aug. 30, at Bolivar, Tenn., with 800 men, re pulsed 7,000 rebels, and was slightly wounded ; brig.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862. Severely wounded at Champion Hills, and at the siege of Vicks- burg ; he was in the battles of the Atlanta campaign ; in Sherman s march to the sea, comg. 3d div. 17th corps ; brev. maj.-gen. July 22, 1864 ; maj.-gen. Jan. 15, 1865 ; U.S. corn- miss, of patents, Jan. 13, 1871. Reid s Ohio in the War. Leggett, WILLIAM, polit. and misccll. writer, b. N.Y. City, 1802; d. New Rochelle, May 29, 1839. Georget. Coll. 1822. Mid- shipm. U.S.N. 1822-6 ; afterward devoting him self mainly to literary pursuits. He collected into a vol. some of his contribs. to the Mirror and other publications, under the title of " Tales by a Country Schoolmaster/ followed by one entitled " Sketches at Sea." He m. in 1828 Almira, dau. of John Waring, Esq., of New Rochelle, and in the autumn of the same year established in N.Y. the Critic, a weekly literary periodical, which, at the end of six months, was united with the Mirror. In 1829 Mr. Leggett became assoc. with Mr. Bryant of the Evening Post, of which he was chief ed. in 1834-5 Though a decided Democrat, he defended du ring the riots in 1835, in which certain abolition meetings were attacked and dispersed with violence, the right of liberty of speech with the same freedom with which he treated other questions. In 1836 he conducted the Plain Dealer, a weekly devoted to politics and lite rature. Subsequent ill health prevented further literary labor. App. in Apr. 1839 diplomatic agent to the Repub. of Guatemala, he was preparing for his departure to that country, when he suddenly expired. Mr. Sedgewick coll. and pub. two vols. of his political essays, 1840. Leib, DR. MICHAEL, statesman, b. 1760; d. Phila. Dec. 28, 1.822. Member of the State legisl.; M.C. 1799-1806; U.S. senator 1808- 14 ; app. postmaster of Phila. in 1814. Leidy, JOSEPH, M.D., naturalist and phy siologist, b. Phila. Sept. 9, 1823. U. of Pa. 1844, and elected in 1853 to the chair of anat omy in that institution, which he still occu pies. Some of his valuable contribs. to the sciences of comparative anatomy and vertebrate paleontology are in the " Proceedings of the Acad. of Natural Sciences," the " Trans, of the Philos. Society," and the " Smithsonian Contribs." For his biography, and a list of his writings, see N. J. Med. Reporter for Sept. 1853. Since 1860, besides publishing an " Elementary- Treatise on Anatomy," he has added largely to his list of scientific papers. Leigh, BENJAMIN WATKINS, LL.D. (Wm. and M. Coll. 1835), lawyer, b. Chester field Co., Va., 18 June, 1781 ; d. Richmond, Va., 2 Feb. 1849. Wm. and M. Coll. 1802. Son of Rev. William. Adm. to the bar in 1802, he practised first at Petersburg, and after 1813 at Richmond, taking high rank. Mem ber of the legisl. ; of the Const. Conv. of 1830- 1 ; State reporter 1829-41 ; a commiss. to revise the statutes of Va. ; and U.S. senator in 1834-7. He took a prominent and eloqtient part in the senate debates, but, differing with the majority of his constituents, resigned, and passed the rest of his days in retirement. He pub. Reports Court of Appeals and Gen. Court of Va. 1829-41, 12 vols. 8vo, 1833-44. Leigh, CHARLES, a British gen. ; d. 7 Aug. 1815. Ensign 3d Guards, Mar. 1764; capt. Apr. 1770; lieut.-col. Apr. 1777; col. Nov. 1782; gen. Sept. 1803. He was in the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Fort Washington, and the winter campaign in the Jerseys 1776-7 ; served in Holland in 1793 ; and in the W. Indies in 1805-6. Leisler, JACOB, who led the insurrection at N.Y. in 1689, b. Frankfort, Germany ; d. May 16, 1691. He had previously enjoyed some influence among the people, but was totally unqualified for the direction of such an enterprise. He came to Amer. in 1660, and, after a brief residence in Albany, became a trader in N.Y. While on a voyage to Europe in 1678, he, with seven others, was made a prisoner by the Turks, to whom he paid a high ransom. Gov. Dougan app. him one of the commiss. of the Court of Admiralty in 1683. After he had dispersed the party favorable to King James in the city of N. Y., and assumed the 542 administration, he proceeded to Albany ; took the fort, and confiscated the property of those who opposed his authority. On the arrival of Gov. Sloughter in March, 1691, he for some time refused to surrender the fort at N.Y. to him ; but he at length abandoned it, and was soon after seized, and condemned for treason. Jn 1689, while exercising the functions of gov., he purchased New Rochelle for the persecuted Huguenots. Leland, CHARLES GODFREY, author, b. Phila. Aug. 15, 1824. N. J. Coll. 1845. He afterward studied at the Universities of Heidel berg, Munich, and Paris ; was a resident of Paris during the revol. in Feb. 1848. Return ing to Phila. in that year, he studied law, and was adm. to the bar, but soon devoted himself wholly to literary pursuits. He has been ed itor or contrib. to the Knickerbocker Mag,, Sar- tain s, the International, Graham s, the Phila. Bulletin, c. He has pub. " The Poetry and Mystery of Dreams," 1855; "Meister Karl s Sketch-Book," 1856; a collection of miscel lanies, and sketches of foreign travel; "Pictures of Travel," 1856; a translation of Heine s " Reisebilder ; " also Heine s " Book of Song ; " and " Hans Breitmann Ballads," 1868-9. He resides in New York. Leland, HENRY PERRY, author, bro. of Charles G., b. Phila. Oct. 28, 1828; d. there Sept. 22, 1868. His fine natural gifts had been cultivated by extensive and various study. He was a frequent contrib. in prose and verse to the newspapers and magazines. Author of a vol. of sketches of foreign travel, "Americans in Rome," and a vol. of humorous sketches, en titled " The Gray Bay Mare," 1856. During the civil war he was a lieut. in the 118th Pa. regt. Leland, JOHN, clergyman, b. Grafton, Ms., May 14, 1754; d. N. Adams, Ms., Jan. 14, 1841. A Baptist preacher in Va. in 1775-91. From Feb. 1792 until his death he was settled in Cheshire, Ms. His literary productions, including essays on a variety of subjects, to gether with his Autobiography, and Notices of his Life by Miss L. F. Greene were pub. in 1 vol. 8vo, 1845. He was a man of great eccen tricity and shrewdness, and a zealous Demo crat. In the latter part of 1801 he went to Washington to present to Mr. Jefferson a mam moth cheese, weighing 1,450 pounds, as a testi monial of the esteem and confidence of the people of Cheshire in the new chief magistrate. Leland, OLIVER SHEPARD, dramatic critic and author; d. Waltham, Ms., Apr. 17, 1870, a. 37. H.U. 1854. He was a contrib. to the periodical press of N.Y. and Boston ; pub. some interesting papers in the Knickerbocker Mag.; and wrote " The Czarina" and other plays. He m. a dau. of L. Gay lord Clark. Le Mercier, ANDREW, pastor of the French Prot. Church, Boston ; d. Mar. 31, 1763, a. 71. He was educated, probably, at the U. of Geneva; and in 1715, through the influ ence of Andrew Faneuil, came to this country, succeeding the Rev. Peter Daill^. He pub. in 1732 a history of the Geneva Church, 12mo; also, in the same vol., " A Geographical and Political Account of the Republic of Geneva," 76 pages. In 1733 was pub. his "Treatise against Detraction." For the relief of mariners shipwrecked on the Isle of Sables, he built a house, to which he sent cattle and provisions, and which was the means of saving many lives. Le Moyne, a distin. Canadian family, two of whom (Bienville and Iberville) are elsewhere noted, sprung from Charles of Normandy, sieur of Longueil and of Chateauguay, a noted leader in the war of the French against the Iro- quois, and who had 1 1 sons, among whom were CHARLES, baron of Longueil, b. Montreal, Dec. 10, 1656; d. there June 8, 1729. He exercised great influence over the Indians ; fought against the English under Phips, who attacked Quebec ic 1690; was made gov. of Montreal, and baron, in 1700, on account of his services to the Colony, and especially for having erected a fort of stone on his estate at Longueil ; fought successfully against the English gen. Nicholson in 1711 ; and was made a chev. of St. Louis. He was governor to Sept. 2, 1726. PAUL, sieur de Maricourt, b. Montreal, Dec. 15, 1663; d. in Mar. 1704. Disting. himself under his bro. Iberville in Hudson s Bay, and com. the Iroquois, who adhered to the French, and the Abenakis, in a great exped. under Frontenac ; was sent on an embassy to the hos tile roquois in 1699 ; and aided in negotiating peace with them in 1701. JOSEPH, sieur de Serigny, b. Montreal, July 22, 1668 ; d. Roche- fort, France, 1734. Bred a sailor, and holding a commission in the royal navy, he also served under Iberville against the English in Hudson s Bay; was employed in La., the coasts of which he surveyed in 1718-19; took Pensacola from the Spaniards, May 14, 1719, and repulsed them with great gallantry from Dauphin Island in Mobile Bay, Aug. 19, 1719, after a siege of a fortnight; became capt. of a ship of the line in 1723; soon after rear-adm. and gov. of Rochefort, which office he held at his death. SANVOLLE, first gov. of La., b. Montreal ab. 1671 ; d. Biloxi, Mpi., July 22, 1701. Though of feeble constitution, he earlv evinced remark able talent ; and, inheriting a large fortune from an aunt, was educated in France. Dis ting. at coll., and of a striking personal appear ance, his success in society was brilliant. Ra cine pronounced him a poet ; Bossuet predicted that he would be a great orator ; and Viliars called him a marshal in embryo. He accomp. his bros. Iberville and Bienville on their exped. to the mouth of the Mpi. Iberville left him in com. of the Colony, of which, in 1699, Louis XIV. app. him gov. He held the office till death. ANTOINE, sieur de Chateauguay, b. Montreal, July 7, 1683 ; d. Rochefort, Mar. 21, 1747. En tering the royal navy, he arrived in La. in 1704, at the head of a body of colonists ; servid under Iberville in his last exped. against the English in 1705-6; took com. of Pensacola alter its capture from the Spaniards, May 14, and surrendered it to them Aug. 7, 1719; was app. lieut -gov. of the Colony in 1719; took com. at Mobile after the peace in 1720; was remored from office in 1726, and ordered to France; governor of Martinique, 1727-44 ; of Isle Royale, 1 745. L Enfant, PETER CHARLES, engineer, b. France, 1755; d. Prince Georges Co., Md., June 14, 1825. A lieut. in the French prov. service, 543 JL.ES he entered the Amer. army in the fall of 1777 as an engr. ; was made capt. Feb. 18, 1778; and at the siege of Savannah was wounded, and left on the field. He afterward served under the immediate command of Washington ; maj. May 2, 1783 ; employed as the engr. of Fort Mifflin in 1794; and app. prof, of engineering at West Point, July, 1812, but declined. Au thor of the Plan of the City of Washington, and architect of some of its buildings. Lenoir, GEN. WILLIAM, of French descent, b. Brunswick Co., Va., May 31, 1751 ; d. Fort Defiance, Wilkes Co.,N.C.,May 6,1839. While young, his father s family removed to N.C. William took a most active part in the Revol. war ; and at King s Mountain was capt. in Col. Cleveland s regt. For 18 years he was major- gen, of the N.C. militia; was a justice of the peace ab. 60 years; for many years was a mem ber of the State legisl.; for 5 years was pres. of the Senate; and for several years was pres. of the Council. Leonard, DANIEL, jurist and political wri ter, b. Norton, Ms., May 29, 1740; d. Lond. June 27, 1829. H.U. 1760. Grandson of Maj. George, and son of Col. Ephraim. James and Henry Leonard, sons of Thos. of Ponty- Sool, came to Taunton, Ms., in 1652; and ames established there the first iron-works in the U.S., and d. 1691, a. 73. Henry settled in N.Jersey; and to these immigrants nearly all the families of Leonard in the U.S. may be traced. Daniel became a prom, lawyer, and member of the Assembly, and at first supported the Whig cause with great eloquence and energy. Pos sessing great talent and a large fortune, he acquired great popularity, which he soon lost by yielding to the persuasions of Gov. Hutchin- son in becoming a loyalist. He left Boston with the British troops ; resided a while in Eng.; was many years chief justice of Bermuda ; and finally resided in London. His fame rests upon his controversy with John Adams, under the respective signatures of "Novanglus" and " Msasachusettensis," reprinted in 1819 with a preface by John Adams. The letters of Leonard, which have been several times repr., present the best defence of the measures of the British Govt. which appeared on this side of the water. They were long attributed to Jonathan Sewall. Leonard, GEORGE, LL.D. (B. U. 1804), lawyer, b. Norton, Ms., July 4, 1729; d. Rayn- ham, Ms., July 26, 1819. H. U. 1748. The Leonards were a noted family, having pos sessed great wealth, and held various offices of honor, trust, and profit. Grandson of Maj. George (who d. Sept. 5, 1716, a. 44), and son of George (1698-1778 ; judge of C.C.P. and Pro bate ; member of the Council in 1741; and chief justice in 1746). He was a successful law yer, held the same offices as his father, and was M.C. in 1789-93 and 1795-7. Leonard, JAMES T., capt. U.S.N., b. N.Y. ; d. Nov. 9, 1832. Midshipm. Feb 26, 1799; was in the action with the French ship " La Ven geance," Feb. 1, 1800; lieut. Jan. 13, 1807; master-corn. July 4, 1812; capt. Feb. 4, 1815. Leonard, LEVI WASHBURN, D.D. (H.U. 1849), minister of Dublin, N.H., from Sept. 6, 1820, to 1854, b. S. Bridgewater, Ms., June 1, 1790; d. Exet r, N.H., Dec. 12, 1864. H.U. 1815. Preceptor of Bridgewater Acad. 1816- 17. He pub. several school text-books, a his tory of Dublin, N.H., in 1855 ; edited the Exe ter News-Letter from 1855 to July, 1863 ; and was a proficient in entomology. Leri de (deh-leh-r), JEAN, a French Prot estant minister who labored in Brazil in 1556- 8, and who pub. an account of his voyage to Brazil in 1577 ; b. 1534 ; d. 1611. Le Boy, WILLIAM E., commo. U.S.N , b. N.Y. Mar. 24, 1817. Midshipm. Jan. 11, 1832; lieut. July 13, 1843; Com. Julyl, 1861; capt. July 25, 1866; fleet capt. European squadron, under Farragut, 1867-8; commo. July, 1870. Attached to steamer " Princeton," and in en gagement with Mexican soldiers at Rio Ari- biqua, in 1847. Com. steamer "Keystone State," S. Atl. Block, squad., at capture of Fer- nandina, Fla., 1862; in engagement with iron clads off Charleston, S.C., Jan. 1863; com. steam-sloop " Oneida," W. Gulf squad., 1864 ; steam-sloop " Ossipee," W. Gulf squad., 1864- 5 ; in the battle of Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864, when about running down " The Tennessee," that vessel surrendered to Capt. Le Roy. Hamersly. Lery, VICOMTE DE, a disting. French engr. officer, b. Quebec, 1754; d. Sept. 6, 1824, near Melun, France. He was of an old Canadian family. In early life entered the French engr. service ; was in several sea-fights during the American Revol. war; and placed in a state of defence the islands of Gaudaloupe and Tobago. He served with Kleber, Jour- dan, and Bernadotte ; established the intrench ed camp at Dusseldorf; fortified Mayence ; conducted the siege of Phillipsburg, and be came gen. of brigade in 1799. In 1805 he was made lieut.-gen. ; accomp. Marshal Macdonald through the difficult campaigns of the Grisons; fortified Palma Nova ; and was afterward con cerned in many of the great battles of Germany and Spain. Morgan. L Escarbot (la -kar -bo ), MARC, lawyer of Paris, b. at Vervins. He contributed to form the first French colony in Canada; was a man of cultivation and energy ; resided a while at Port Royal, now Annapolis, N. S. ; and pub. " Les Muses de la Nouvelle France," and " Histoire de la Nouvelle France," Paris, 1609, and in 1611 and 1618. This work was trans lated and pub. in Lond. 1609. Duyckinck. Leslie, HON. ALEXANDER, a British gen., son of the earl of Leven ; d. Dec. 27, 1 794. Maj . (64th) June, 1759 ; lieut.-col. Jan. 1762; brig.- gen., and com. the light inf. at the battle of Long Island, Aug. 1776; served at the cap ture of Charleston, May, 1780; invaded Va. with 3,000 men, Oct. 1*6, 1780; and in Dec. joined Cornwallis in N.C. He com. the right wing at the battle of Guilford, and at the close of the war was com. at Charleston. Leslie, CHARLES ROBERT, painter, b. London, Oct. 17, 1794; d. near London, May 5, 1859. His parents were natives of Md . The family returned to America when Charles was about 5 years old, he ha\ ing already given extraordinary indications of a talent for paint ing. At six years of age he could sketch from recollection, and with accuracy, the likeness of any person whom he was in the habit of seeing. LKS 544 Having witnessed Cooke s personation of Rich ard, he made a sketch of this gifted actor in this his most celebrated part, which was much admired and talked of; and he was consequent ly enabled to study his art in Europe. Shortly after arriving in London (in 1813), he sent to Phila. his first original oil-picture, William of Ddoraine, from " The Lay of the Last Min strel." The great humorous authors of Eng. became the chief source of his inspiration, and have been illustrated by his pencil. He was app. teacher of drawing at West Point Acad., Mar. 1833, but resigned Apr. 1834, when he returned to Eng. ; and from 1847 to 1851 was prof, of painting at the Roy. Acad. The sub stance of his lectures while there has been pub. under the title of "A Handbook for Young Painters." He is also the author of " A Life of Constable," the landscape-painter. Among the best productions of his pencil are " May Day in the Reign of Elizabeth," i: Slender courting Anne Page/ " Lady Jane Grey pre vailed on to accept the Crown," " Sancho relating his Adventures to the Duchess," " Sir Roger de Coverly going to Church," and " Falstaff dining at Page s House-" Leslie, ELIZA, authoress, b. Phila. Nov. 15, 1787; d. Gloucester, N. J., Jan. 2, 1858. Her great grandfather (Robert) emigrated from Scotland ab. 1745. Her father, a watchmaker, and a man of science, was a member of the Amer. Philos. Society, and the personal friend of Franklin and Jefferson. She accomp. her parents to Eng. in 1793, and returned to the U.S. with them in 1800, since then residing almost wholly in Phila. In her 40th year she pub. her first work, " Seventy-five Receipts for Pastry-Cakes and Sweetmeats," which was fol lowed by a series of works on the culinary art, which have made her widely known ; in 1831 she pub. " The American Girls Book." Hav ing obtained from Mr. Godey, editor of the Lady s Book, a prize for her story of " Mrs. Washington Potts," she for several years con- trib. to the magazines and journals, beside editing several annuals. " Amelia, or a Young Lady s Vicissitudes," is her only novel ; her other works being short tales or sketches. The most popular of these are 3 vols. of" Pen cil-Sketches," of which a new edition appeared in 1852. She also pub. " Althea Vernon," " Henrietta Robinson," "Leonilla Lynnmore," and " The Behavior-Book." CHARLES RO BERT and brev. Brig.-Gen. THOMAS JEFFER SON LESLIE, U.S.A., are her bros. Her Auto- biog. is in Hart s " Female Prose- Writers of America." Lester, CHARLES EDWARDS, author, b. Griswold, Ct., July 15, 1815. On the maternal side he is descended from Jonathan Edwards. Before completing his studies, he passed 3 or 4 years chiefly in the South and West ; studied law in Mpi., and was adm. to the bar, but spent 2 years at the Auburn Theol. Sem., and was ord. to the ministry. He became an anti- slavery lecturer, and w*as sent a delegate to the World s Antislavery Convention of 1840, in London. U. S. consul at Genoa from June, 1842, to Sept. 1847. He has since practised law in N.Y. City. Besides contributing largely to the periodical press, he has edited various journals and magazines, and is the author dt " The Glory and Shame of England," 2 vols. 1841; "Condition and Fate of England," 1842; "The Artist, Merchant, and States man," 1845 ; "Life and Voyages of Americus Vespucius," 1846; "Artists of America," 1846; "My Consulship," 1851; and other works. He" has pub. translations of Alfieri s " Autobiography," 1845 ; d Azeglio s " Chal lenge of Bartella," 1845; Machiavelli s "Flor entine Histories," 1846. Letcher, JOHN, gov. Va. 1860-4, b. Lex ington, Va., Mar. 29, 1813. Studied at Wash. Coll. and at Rand. Macon Coll. Adopted the profession of the law, and was admitted to practice in 1839; during that year established and for a time edited the Valley Star in Lex ington ; member of the Const. Conv. of Va. in 1850; M. C. 1851-9, and a prominent seces sionist. Has practised law since 1864. Letcher, ROBERT P., b. Goochland Co., Va. ; d. Frankfort, Ky., Jan. 24, 1861. He received a good education, and adopted the profession of the law ; served some years in the State legisl., and was at one time speaker of the house; M.C. 1823-33; gov. of Ky. 1840-4; and minister to Mexico in 1849. Leutze (loif-seh), EMANUEL, painter, b. Gmund, Wurtemberg, May 24, 1816; d. Washington, D. C., July 18, 1868. In his youth he emigrated with his parents to Phila. He early displayed talent with the pencil, and acquired facility in taking likenesses. Plis first decided success in painting was a picture rep resenting an Indian gazing at the setting sun, the success of which enabled him in 1841 to study at Dusseldorf under Lessing. His "Columbus before the Council of Salamanca " was pur chased by the Dusseldorf Art Union; and his "Columbus in Chains" procured him the medal of the Brussels Art Exhibition. In 1843 he studied at Munich, where he finished his " Columbus before the Queen." After a lengthened tour in Italy, he in 1845 returned to Dusseldorf, where he m. and established himself, but in 1859 returned to the U. S. Among his best works are " The Landing of the Norsemen in America," " Cromwell and his Daughter," " The Court of Queen Eliza beth," " Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn," and " The Iconoclast." He has depicted many of the striking events of the Revol. war, as " Washington Crossing the Delaware," " Wash ington at Monmouth," " Washington at the Battle of Monongahela," " News from Lexing ton," "Sergeant Jasper," and "Washington at Princeton." " Westward the Star of Em pire takes it Way." a large picture for one of the staircases in the Capitol at Washington, is much the finest work of the kind in the U.S. Leverett, FREDERIC PERCIVAL, scholar and teacher, b. Portsmouth Sept. 11, 1803 ; d. Boston, Oct. 6, 1836. H.U. 1821. A descendant of Gov. John. Principal of the Boston Latin School, and afterwards taught a private school. Author of a Latin Lexicon, and editor of several of the classics. Leverett, SIR JOHN, gov. of Ms. 1673-9, b. Eng. 1616 ; d. Mar. 16, 1679. He emig. to America with his father (Thomas), a gentle man of property, and alderman of Boston, LEV 545 LEW Eng., in 1633. John (listing, himself very early in the Colony, and successively held each office of trust and honor in its gift. Though cherishing a taste for military life, and com. the A. and H. Art. Comp., he devoted this portion of his time to mercantile pursuits. In 1644 he returned to Eng., and performed eminent service as captain in the parliamentary army. He was an intimate friend of Cromwell, and (1655- 62) was the agent of the Colony in England. In 1651-3 and 63-5 he was a delegate to the Gen. Court; was also speaker of the house (1663-4), and one of the governor s council in 1665-71; filled the office of maj.-gen. from 1663 to 1673, and that of dep.-gov. in 1671-3. He was the executive during King Philip s war; and by his superior guidance that contest was favorably terminated. He was among the most illustrious of the fathers of N.E. ; and in Aug. 1676 he was created knight and baronet by Charles II. Leverett Memorial, Boston, 8vo, 1856. Leverett, JOHN, grandson of the preced ing, b. Boston, Aug. 25, 1662; d. May 3, 1724. H.U. 1680. He was an eminent law yer and judge, speaker of the Colonial legisl., member of the council, and pres. of H.U. from Jan. 1707, until his d. His attainments were extensive ; and he received the honor, then rarely bestowed upon colonists, of membership in the Roy. Society. Commiss. to Port Royal 1707 ; to the Indians 1704. Leverich, or Leveridge, REV. WIL LIAM, b. Eng. : d. Newtown, L. I., early in 1677. U. of Camb., Eng. Arrived at Salem, Ms., with Wiggins s Co., Oct. 10, 1633. In 1638 he became first pastor of the church at Sandwich, and instructed the Cape Cod Indi ans, being employed by the commissioners of the United Colonies as a missionary. He removed to Oyster Bay, L.I., in Apr. 1653 ; was pastor at Huntington from 1658 to 1669, and at Newtown from 1669 to his death. Riker s Newtown. Le Vert, OCTAVIA WALTON, authoress, b. Bellevue, near Augusta, Ga., ab. 1820. Gr.- dau. of George Walton, a signer of the Decl. of Indep. Her father, the terr. sec. of Fla., re moved to Pensacola in 1821. He was after ward, for a time, gov. of the Territory. She became a proficient in the languages ; spent *he winter of 1833-4 in Washington, and wrote jut reports of the principal speeches, so admir able, that it is said Mr. Clay, Mr. Calhoun, Mr. Webster, and others, were all in the habit of calling to read from her portfolio the reports of their own speeches. In 1836 she m. Dr. Henry S. Le Vert, a physician of Mobile, where she has since resided. She has made two visits to Europe, the results of which are " Souvenirs of Travel," 1857. A contrib. to Amer. and English periodicals, and was engaged upon a work embodying her " Souvenirs of Distin guished Americans," until prevented by a painful accident. She possesses great conver sational power and rare natural gifts. Levesque, EUGENE, a French author of " Travels in America ; " d. Paris, Jan. 5, 1852, a. 81. L3V1S, FRANCOIS, marshal, due de, a French gen., b. Chateau d Anjac Languedoc, 1720; d. 1787, whilst endeavoring to uphold the State of Artois. Levy de Ventadour, vice roy of New France in 1625, was born at the same chateau. He early entered the army ; was aide-de-camp to Marshal de Levis Mifepoix, with whom he captured 2 battalions of the en emy near Montalban, by persuading them that they were surrounded by the whole French army ; and, though only " chevalier," de Levis was second in com. under Montcalm. He com the right division at the battle of Carillon, also at Montmorenci, where Wolfe was repulsed. He was absent at Montreal at the first battle of Quebec. At the second battle, near St. Foy, Levis com. and achieved a victory over Murray. After the surrender of Quebec, he returned to France ; served under the Prince of Conde as lieut.-gen. at the battle of Johan- nisberg in 1762; and in 1783 received the govt. of Artois, and the rank of marshal, as a reward for his services ; and in 1784 was made a duke and peer of France. A monument to the memory of this brave and good man, in the Cathedral of Arras, wasdestroyed by the insane fury of the populace during the Revol. Levy, URIAH P., commo. U.S.N., b. Pa. ; d. N.Y. City, Mar. 22, 1862. He entered the navy, Mar. 29, 1812 ; was an officer of the brig " Argus," which escaped the blockade, took out Mr. Crawford minister to France, and de stroyed in the British Channel 21 sail, one of which had a cargo worth $625,000. On the capture of " The Argus," he was made pris oner, and held 2 years. Lieut. Mar. 5, 1817 ; com. Feb. 9, 1837; capt. Mar. 29, 1844. His last cruise was in 1858 as flag-officer of the Mediterranean squadron. Com. Levy was the mover of the effort to abolish flogging in the navy. He pub. a "Manual of Rules and Regulations for Ships-of-War." An ardent admirer of Jefferson, he became the owner of Monticello, the valuable estate once owned by that statesman, which, with all its stock, dwell ings, pictures, &c., was confiscated by the con federates, in consequence of his devotion to the " old flag." Lewis, ALONZO, " The Lynn Bard," poet and historian, b. Aug. 28, 1794; d. Jan. 21, 1861. He was educated at the school and acad. of his native town, where he resided during his life. He was a teacher, and became prin cipal of the acad. ; edited a newspaper ; con structed and pub. a map and a directory of the town ; was a civil engineer ; and for many years a justice of the peace. He had a just poetic perception, and drew from the grand and pic turesque ocean-scenery about his cottage, and the legends of the red men, subjects for his Muse. He pub. " History of Lynn " in 1829, a 2d edition in 1844, and " Forest-Flowers and Sea Shells," Boston, 1831, and again in 1845. A new ed. of his " Hist, of Lynn," contin. by J. R. Newhall, app. in 1865. Lewis, GEN. ANDREW, b. Ulster, Ireland, ab. 1730; d. Bedford Co., Va., 1780. His fa ther, John, was descended from a Huguenot family, which settled first in Eng., and after ward in Ireland. Having killed his landlord in resisting an illegal attempt to oust him, he came to Amer., and in 1732 settled at Belle- fonte, Augusta Co., Va., being the first white resident of the county. Andrew, his third sou. 1JEW 546 LEW was possessed of great bodily vigor, and a commanding presence. He was a vol. in the exped. to take possession of the Ohio region in 1754; was with Washington at the surrender of Fort Necessity ; was a maj. in his Va. regt.; was in his bro. Samuel s company at Brad- dock s defeat ; com. the Sandy Creek exped. in 1756 ; and in the unfortunate exped. of Maj. Grant in Oct. 1758 was made prisoner, and taken to Montreal. In 1768 he was a cornmiss. to treat with the Six Nations at Fort Stanwix. In 1774 he was made brig. -gen. and com. the Va. troops at the battle of Point Pleasant, Oct. 10, gaining a victory over the most formidable Indian force that ever assembled in the Old Dominion. For several years he represented Botetourt Co. in the h. of burgesses, and was a member of the conventions of March and June, 1775. He was made a col. in the army, and, Mar. 1, 1776, brig.-gen. at Washington s request, but declined, Apr. 15, 1777. He drove Lord Dunmore from Gwynne s Island, and was on duty in the lower part of the State, where he contracted a fever, of which he died. His military abilities were highly valued by Washington ; and his statue tills one of the pedestals around the Washington Monument at Richmond. His bros., all disting. in the mili tary annals of the State, were Samuel, Thomas, Charles, and William. Lewis, COL. CHARLES, b. Va. ; killed at the battle of Point Pleasant, Oct. 10, 1774; served with distinction under his bro. Samuel at Braddock s defeat, and was a leader in the conflicts of the west border of the State. Lewis, DIXON HALL, lawyer and states man, b. Dinwiddie Co., Va., Aug. 10, 1802 ; d. New York, Oct. 25, 1848. S. C. Coll. The family emigrated to Ga. He studied law, and removed to Ala., where he engaged in practice with great success. From 1 826 to 1 829 he was a member of the legisl. ; M.C. 1829-44 ; and from 1844 to his death a U.S. senator. He was the largest.man in Congress, and was an able pub lic speaker and writer of the extreme State- rights school of politics, sustaining the right of nullification and secession. Lewis, ELISHA.J., M.D. (U. of Pa.), b. Baltimore, 1820. Son of A. J., merchant of Phila., and grandson of Capt. Joseph of the Revol. army. He spent two years at N. J. Coll., and studied medicine with Dr. John K. Mitchell, and subsequently in Paris. Since a resident of Phila. Author of "Hints to Sports men/ 12mo, 1851; "The American Sports man/ 8vo, 1855 ; ed. of " Youatt on the Dog," 8vo,1847 ; andcontrib. to the Spirit of the Times. Lewis, ELLIS, LL.D. (Jeff. ColL), jurist, b. Lewisberry, York Co., Pa., May 16, 1798; d. Phila. 19 March, 1871. He was first a printer; then studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1822 ; app. dep. atty.-gen. in 1824 ; was a member of the State legisl. in 1832; app. atty.-gen. of Pa. in Jan. 1833 ; pres. judge of the 8th judicial dist. in Oct. 1833; and pres. judge of the 2djizdi- cial dist. in Jan. 1843. He was chosen a judge of the State Supreme Court in Oct. 1851 ; be came chief justice in Dec. 1854; and was unan imously renominated in 1857. In 1858 he was a commiss. to revise the criminal code of Pa. He received the honorary degree of M.D. from the Phila. Med. Coll. for his knowledge of med jurisprudence. Author of an " Abridgment of the Criminal Law of the U.S.," and a contrib to periodical literature. Lewis, ENOCH, teacher and author, b. Rad nor, Chester Co., Pa., Jan. 29, 1776 ; d. Phila, July 14, 1856. He was brought up a Quaker, Early evinced talent for mathematics ; at the age of 14 was usher in a country school, and was principal at 15; afterward teaching at Phila., at West Town, and at New Garden, Chester Co. In 1795 he was employed as a surveyor to lay out some towns in the western part of the State. He edited several mathemat ical works ; and about 1819 pub. a treatise on arithmetic, which was followed by one on alge bra, and by a work on plane and spherical trig onometry. In 1827 he became editor of the African Observer, and from 1847 till his death pub. the Friends Review. He nub. a Life of Wm. Penn in the "Friends Library," trea tises "On Oaths" and "On Baptism" (1839), a review of Dr. Cox s " Quakerism not Chris tianity," and various pamphlets. Lewis, ESTELLE ANNA BLANCHE (ROBIN SON), authoress, b. near Baltimore, Apr. 1824, After leaving the Troy Female Sem. in 1841, she m. S. D. Lewis, a lawyer of Brooklyn, N.Y., and has since resided there. She first contrib. to the Family Magzine, and has con- trib. many poems to the periodicals, and to Graham s Mag. a series of articles on " Art and Artists in America." She pub. her first vol. of poems, "The Records of the Heart," in 1844; "The Child of the Sea and other Po ems," 1848; "Myths of the Minstrel," 1852; and in 1858 an illustrated edition of her poetical works. See Griswold s Fern. Poets, Hart s Fein. Prose - Writers, and Mrs. Hole s Records of Woman. Lewis, FRANCIS, signer of the Decl. of In- dep., b. Llandafi , Wales, Mar. 1713 ; d. N. York, Dec. 30, 1803. He was educated at Westmin ster School. Became a merchant, and came to N.Y. in 1734. After spending 2 years in Phila. he returned to N.Y., where he was engaged in commerce till 1775. At the capture of Oswego, in 1757, he was aide to Col. Mercer, and was with the other prisoners taken to Canada, and thence to France. At the close of the war, the British Govt. gave him 5,000 acres of land for his services. In 1765 he was a member of the Colonial Congress. Zealously espousing the cause of liberty, he was sent to Congress in 1775, continuing a member until April, 1779. He was occupied in the importation of military stores and other secret services, and, by his com mercial knowledge and habits, was eminently useful. He suffered much at the hands of the Tories, who not only destroyed his property on L.I., but brutally confined his wife in a close prison for several months, causing her death. He himself was at one time a prisoner to the British. Most of his property was sacrificed to his patriotism, and he died in comparative poverty. Lewis, RT. REV. JOHN TRAVERS, consec. first Pr.-Ep. bishop of Ontario, 25 Jan. 1862, b. 1827. Educated at Trinity Coll., Dublin. Ord. 1848; rector of Brockville, Canada, 1854. He held the curacy of Newtown Butler in Eng.; LEW 547 LEW came to Canada in 1850; and until 1854 had charge of the parish of Hawksbury. Lewis, MERIWETHER, a celebrated ex plorer, b. near Charlottesville, Va., Aug. 18, 1774; d. near Nashville, Oct. 11, 1809. His father Wm. F., a man of independent fortune, nephew of Col. Fielding Lewis, d. when he was yet a child. He very early gave proofs of a bold and enterprising disposition ; and at the age of 18 he relinquished academic studies for farming, which he continued until he was 20. A vol. during the Whiskey Insurrection, he was transferred to the regular service as ensign, May 1, 1795, and became capt. Dec. 1800. In 1803 Pres. Jefferson, whose private sec. he had been nearly two years, sent him on an explor ing exped. across the continent to the Pacific. At Lewis s request, Capt. William Clarke was app. to accompany him. The party set out in the summer of 1803, and returned in the au tumn of 1806. Lewis was, Mar. 2, 1807, made gov. of La. Terr. On the new governor s ar rival at St. Louis, the seat of administration, he found the country torn by dissensions ; but his moderation, impartiality, and firmness soon brought matters into a regular train. He was subject to constitutional hypochondria; and, while under the influence of a severe attack of this disorder, put an end to his life. A Narra tive of the Exped. of Lewis and Clarke, from materials furnished by each of the explorers, was prepared by Nicholas Biddle and Paul Allen, with a Memoir of Lewis by Jefferson, pub in 2 vols. 8vo, 1814. Lewis, GEN. MORGAN, soldier and jurist, b. New York, Oct. 16, 1754 ; d. there April 7, 1844. N. J. Coll. 1773. Son of Francis the signer. He studied law in the office of John Jay. In June, 1775, he joined the army at Cambridge ; was made capt. of a rifle company in Aug.; maj. 2d N.Y. regt. in Nov. ; col., and chief of staff to Gen. Gates, in June, 1776 ; and soon afterward q.m.-gen. of the northern dept. He was at the surrender of Burgoyne ; accomp. Gen. Clinton in the exped. up the Mohawk ; and at Stone Arabia gallantly led the advance, and completely routed the Indian foe. Adm. to the bar at the close of the war, he practised in Dutchess Co ; became a judge of C.C.P. ; atty.-gen. of the State in 1791; judge of the Supreme Court in 1792 ; chief justice in 1801 ; gov. in 1804-7 ; and member of the State legisl. in 1808-11. App. q.m.-gen., with the rank of brig.-gcn., in 1812; promoted to maj. -gen. in 1813, and ordered to the Niagara frontier. He made a successful descent on the British side of the Niagara River, April 27, 1813; and in 1814 was intrusted with the defence of N.Y. City, then in daily expectation of attack. Sub sequently devoting himself to literature and agriculture, he became in 1835 pres. of the N.Y. Hist. Society. Feb. 22, 1832, he delivered a centennial address in honor of Washington before the city authorities. Lewis, SAMUEL, educationist, b. Fal- mouth, Ms., Mar. 17, 1799 ; d. Cincinnati, 0., July 28, 1854. His father was capt. of a coast ing-vessel, and he made several voyages as a cabin-boy. In 1813 the family removed to Ohio, the father and his five sons walking the whole distance from Falmouth to Pittsburg Pa. Samuel was successively a farm-laborev, mail-carrier, and carpenter; and at 20 obtained a place in the office of the clerk of the Kami! ton Co. Court; at 23 he was adm. to the bar, and in 1824 he was licensed a local preacher in the Meth. Church. An advocate of temper ance and education; to his efforts were due the founding and endowment of the Woodward School and of the Hughes High School at Cin cinnati. In 1831 he aided efficiently in forming the western college of teachers ; was active in promoting common school education in Ohio ; and in 1837 was elected by the legisl. supt. of schools. His measures for the improvement of education were adopted ; and he was re-ap pointed, and edited the Common School Director. Ill-health soon aftercompelled him to resign his office. From 1841 to his death, he was the favorite candidate of the antislavery party for the state senate, for Congress, and for gov. ; and he was very zealous in the promotion of temperance and kindred reforms. Lewis, TAYLER, LL.D., scholar and au thor, b. Northumberland, N.Y., 1802. Un Coll. 1820. Son of a Revol. officer. He studied law in Albany, and practised at Fort Miller. He studied Hebrew, biblical and classical literature ; taught a classical school at Waterford in 1833 ; removed to Ogdensburgh in 1835 ; and in 1838 was app. prof, of Greek in the U. of N.Y. la 1849 he took the same professorship in Un. Coll., lecturing also on ancient philosophy and poetry, and giving instruction in the Oriental tongues. He is a disting. philologist ; has contri b. largely to magazines and reviews ; and has de livered and pub. several addresses on important literary and philosophical topics. He has pub a work on the Nature and Ground of Pun ishment, sustaining the death-penalty, 1844 " Plato contra Alheos," with notes, 1845 ; " Six Days of Creation, or Scriptural Cosmology, 1853 ; " The Bible and Science, or the World Problem ; " and in 1860 " The Divine Human in the Scriptures." Prof. Lewis has alsc handled most of the great social, political, and philosophical topics of the times in the " Edi tor s Table " of Harper s Mag. ; d. May 1 1, 77. Lewis, THOMAS, statesman, bro. of An drew, b. Donegal Co., Ireland, April 27, 1718 ; d. Port Republic, Va., Jan. 31, 1790. He had a liberal education ; was an excellent mathema tician ; became a surveyor of Augusta Co. in 1745 ; was a member of the house of burgesses, where he advocated the celebrated resolutions of Patrick Henry, in 1765; of the conventions of 1775 and 76, in which, as one of the com., he aided in preparing the Declaration of Rights and the State Constitution ; and of the conven tion of 1788, which ratified the Federal Consti tution. As a member of the first house of dele gates under the Constitution, he went hand in hand with Jefferson in enacting religious toler ance. He was one of the boldest patriots of Va., and especially efficient in executing the plans of the com. of safety. Lewis, WILLIAM, lieut-col. U.S.A., b. Va. 1767; d. near Little Rock, Ark., Jan. 17, 1825. Capt. under St. Clair in 1791 ; resigned July, 1797; lieut-col. com. Ky. Vols. Aug. 1812; com. in action with British and Indians at Frenchtown, River Raisin, Jan. 18, 1813 ; and LEW 548 LIO utider Gen. Winchester at his defeat, Jan. 23, at River Raisin, where he was captured, and remained two years a prisoner at Quebec. Lewis, WILLLAM HENRY, D.D., rector of the Ch. of the Holy Trinity, Brooklyn, L.I., b. Litchfield, Ct., Dec. 22, 1803. Has pub. " Ser mons for the Christian Year," 8vo, N.Y., "Confession of Christ," 12mo, 1852, "The Early Called," " The Position of the Church," also various popular tracts. Allibone. Lewis, WINSLOW, M.D. (1822), an emi nent surgeon, b. Boston, 8 July, 1799. H.U. 1819. Descended from George of Barnstahle, and from Kenelm Winslow. He continued his med. studies under Dupuytren in Paris, and Abernethy in London, and after his return practised in Boston with success. Consulting phvs. Ms. Gen. Hospital after the d. of Dr. Warren. Member Ms. legisl. 1835, 52, and 53; city physician 1861 ; pres. N.E.H. and Geneal. Soc. 18*61-6; Grand Master of Masons in Ms. 1855-6 and 60. He transl. from the French " Gall on the Structure and Functions of the Brain," 6 vols. ; edited Paxton s " Anatomy," and also a work on "Pract. Anatomy." d. Grantville,Ms., Aug. 3, 1875. Lewis, Zachariah, scholar and editor, b. 1773; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Nov. 14, 1840. Y.C. 1794. Tutor there 1796-9. Son of Rev. Dr. Isaac Lewis (1746-1840; Y.C. 1765; minis ter of Greenwich, Ct., 1786-1818). From 1803 to 1820 he edited the N. Y. Commercial Adver tiser and the N. Y. Spectator. He retired early from business, and applied his leisure time and his surplus means to charitable objects. For a long period he was senior vice-pres. of the Amer. Bible Society. L Hommedieu, EZRA, b. Southold, L.I., 30 Aug. 1734 ; d. there 28 Sept. 1811. Y. C. 1754. Benjamin, his emig. ancestor, was a Huguenot of Rochelle, France, who was in N.Y. early in 1687, and settled at Southold in 1690. Ezra was a lawyer; was a delegate to the N.Y. Prov. Congress 1775-8; assisted to form the first State constitution ; member N.Y. Assembly 1777-83; member Old Congress 1779, 81, and 83, and 1787-8; State senator 1784-1809 (except in 1793) ; once a member of the council of appointment; regent State U. from 1787 to his death. In politics he was a Fed"ralist. Contrib. agric. papers to the first N. Y. Agric. Society. C. B. Moore, in N. Y. Geneal. and Biog. Record. Lieber, FRANCIS, LL.D. (U. of Jena, 1 828), pub icist, b. Berlin, March 18, 1800. Entering the Prussian army at the age of 15, he fought at Ligny and Waterloo, and was severely wounded at the assault of Namur. For resist ing the re-actionary measures of govt. at Ber lin in 181 9, he was arrested, but was soon re leased, and studied at the U. of Jena. At 21 he volunteered in the Greek struggle for inde pendence, travelling on foot through Switzer land to Marseilles. After much privation, he returned to Italy, where he was received into the family of the historian Niebuhr. He passed the years 1822 and 1823 at Rome, and wrote in German a journal of his sojourn in Greece, pub. at Leipsic. Returning to Germany with promises of safety, he was imprisoned at Kop- enick, where he wrote poetry, which, on his re lease, was printed at Berlin, under the name of Franz Arnold. Persecution drove him to Eng. in 1825, where he taught one year in Lon don, and also wrote for the German periodicals. He came to the U. S. in 1827, and delivered lectures on history and politics in the large cities. He founded a swimming-school at Boston ; and, while residing there, edited the " Encyclopedia Americana," based upon the " Conversations-Lexikon," 13 vols. 1829-33. From 1835 to 1856 he was prof, of history and political economy at the S.C. Coll., Columbia, and held the same professorship at Col. Coll., N.Y., from 1857 to 1865. In the latter year ho was app. supt. of a bureau at Washington for the preservation of the papers of the Confed. Govt., to be preserved as a portion of the na tional archives. Dr. Lieber was active and influential both with tongue and pen in uphold ing the govt. during. the civil war, and was pros, of the Loyal Publication Society of New York. In 1862, at the request of Gen .-in-chief Halleck, he prepared for the use of the army an essay on "Guerilla Parties;" and in 1863 "In structions for the Govt. of the Armies of the U.S. in the Field." Member of the French Acad. He has translated a French work on the Revolution of July, 1830; a Life of Kas- par Hauser ; the work of De Beaumont and De Tocqueville on the Penitentiary System of the U.S. in 1832, pub at Phila. in 1834; a plan of Education for Girard College; "Letters to a Gentleman in Germany, written after a Trip to Niagara ; " " The Stranger in America," 8vo, 1835; "The Gentleman;" "Reminiscences of Niebuhr," 1835; "A Manual of Political Ethics," 2 vols. 1838; "Legal and Political Hermeneutics ; " " Laws of Property ; " " Es says on Property and Labor," 1 842 ; " Civil Liberty and Seif-Government," 2 vols. 1853 ; " Essays on Subjects of Penal Law and the Penitentiary System;" "Abuse of the Pardon ing Power ; " " Remarks on Mrs. Fry s Views of Solitary Confinement," &c. ; " Letter on the Penitentiary System ; " besides many oc casional papers and addresses. While in Eu rope in 1848, "The West and other Poems" by him was pub. in New York ; d. N. Y. City, Oct. 2, 1872. Allibone; DuycJcinck. Lieber, OSCAR MONTGOMERY, geologist, son of Francis, b. Boston, Ms., 1830. Edu cated professionally at Berlin, Gottingen, and Freiberg. Author of "Assayer s Guide," 12mo, 1852; "The Analyt. Chemist s Assistant," 12mo, 1852; "Geology of Mpi." (where he was State geologist 1850-1), in the N. Y. Min ing Mag. July, 1854; and numerous articles on metallurgy. In 1854-5 he assisted in thegeol. survey of Ala. In 1855 he became surveyor of S.C. His first Ann. Report was pub. 8vo. 1857, Light, GEORGE W., printer and publisher of Boston, b. Portland, Me., Jan. 21, 1809 ; d. Somerville, Ms , Jan. 27, 1868. He pub. "Life of Timo. Claxton," 12mo, 1839; avol.ofPoems in 1853, and edited the Essayist in 1829-31. LigOD, THOMAS W., gov. Md. 1854-8; b. Prince Edward Co., Va. Educated at Hamp, Sid. Coll., the U. of Va., and Yale Law School, Settled as a lawyer in Baltimore; and wag M.C. 1845-9. Liguest, PIERRE LACLEDE, founder of St 549 Louis, b. Bion, Frauce, 1724; d. on the Mpi. River, near the mouth of the Ark. River, 20 June, 1778. He came to N. Oneans in 1763; and, with a company in which was Auguste Chouteau, established a trading-post where St. Louis now stands, and where they lauded 15 Feb. 1764. Liguest selected the site in 1763 ; and acquired by trade with the Indians a large property. Ea wards s Great West. -Ljillington, GEN. JOHN ALEXANDER, Rev- ol. patriot, b. Barbadoes; d. at hi > residence in 2\. Hanover Co., N.C., at a good old age. Son oi Coi. George, an oiiicer in the British service, who became a member of the Royal Council of Barbadoes in 1698. He emig. to Carolina ab. 1734, and on the breaking-out of the war was a member of the Wilmington com. of safety and a col. of militia. In the battle of Moore s Creek, Feb. 27, 1776, Col. Lillington was conspicuous; was soon afterwards promoted to brig.-gen. ; and served under Gates in 1780. His sou, Coi. John Liiliugtou, served his country faithiuily during the entire war. Lincoln, ABRAHAM, 16th pres. of the Unit ed States, b. in Larue Co., Ky., Feb. 12, 1809; d. April 15, 1865, by the hand of the assassin, J. WLkes Booth. His ancestors were Quakers ironi Bucks Co., Pa. His parents, b. in Va., migrated to Ky., and in 1816 removed to what is now Spencer Co., Ind., where Abraham was for the next 10 years occupied in labor on his father s farm. Having received, at intervals, aoout a year s schooling, at 19 he made a trip to New Orleans as a hired hand on a flat-boat. In Mar. 1830 he settled in Macou Co., 111. He next assisted in building a flat-boat, and after ward in taking it to New Orleans. On his re turn, his employer gave him charge, as clerk, of a store and mill at New Salem. In 1832 he com. a company of vols. for the Black Hawk war. App. postmaster of New Salem, he be gan to study law, and engaged in surveying a portion of Sangamon Co. He was in the legisl. from 1834 to 1841. Licensed to practise law in 1836, he in 1837 opened an oilice at Springfield, rose rapidly to distinction, and was many years a prominent leader of the Whig party in 111. In 1844 he canvassed the entire State, also a part of Ind., for Clay ; making almost daily speeches to large audiences. M.C. from 1847 to 1849, he voted for the reception of antisla- very memorials, the expediency of abolishing the slave-trade in the Dist., to probibit slavery in the territory to be acquired from Mexico, and in favor of the Wilmot Proviso. He op posed the annexation of Texas, but voted lor tne loan-bill to enable the govt. to defray the expenses of the Mexican war. In the Whig National Convention of 1848 he advocated the nomination of Gen. Taylor. The repeal of the .Mo. Compromise called him again into the po- Rspnb. National Convention in 1856 he was a candidate for the nomination to the vice-presi dency. June 2, 1858, he was nominated as candidate for U. S. senator, in opposition to Judge Douglas. The two candidates can vassed the State together, speaking on the same day at the same place. The debate, which was conducted with eminent ability on both sidr,s resulted in the choice of Judge Douglas by the legisl., although the popular vote gave Mi 1 . Lincoln a majority of over 4,000. At the Re- pub. National Convention, held May 16, 1860, he was nominated for the presidency, his prin cipal competitor being Mr. Seward ; and in the following Nov. was elected to that station, re ceiving 180 electoral votes to 72 for Mr. Brcek- enridge, 12 for Mr. Douglas, and 39 tor Mr. Bell. The secession of the Southern slave- States followed ; and Pres. Lincoln was inaug. Mar. 4, 1861, under the most gloomy auspices. He found the credit of the^ govt. greatly im paired, its navy scattered, its war materiel in the hands of the secessionists, who had seized forts, arsenals, mints, and vessels; its small army disarmed, and sent home by slow and de vious routes as paroled prisoners ; and the gar rison of Fort Sumter nearly starved. The at tempt to supply the garrison was frustrated by the rebel batteries, and, after 33 hours siege, the fortress was surrendered April 14. On the 15th, a call was issued for 75,000 men. April 19, the ports of the seceded States were de clared under blockade. Washington was soon strongly garrisoned; and Congress met in ex tra session July 4. His Proclam. of Emancip. took ell cct Jan. 1, 1863 ; re-elected to the pres idency in 1864. Victory crowned the national arms during the succeeding winter, and the war was substantially closed, when the assas sin, creeping stealthily from behind, as the President sat with his family and friends in his box in the theatre, on the night of April 14, 1865, inflicted a wound with a pistol-ball, which in a few hours ended his life. This event created unparalleled excitement. Nine of the persons implicated suftered condign pun ishment ; while the funeral-honors paid to the deceased chief magistrate surpassed any thing of the kind in the history of the world. Lincoln, GEN. BENJAMIN, a disting. Rcvol. officer, b. Hingham, Ms., Jan. 23, 1733; d. there May 9, 1810. Benjamin his father was a farmer, and a representative to the Gen. Court. Of a robust constitution, he was himself a farmer; was town representative; a maj.-gen of militia at the opening of the war, and was active in its organization ; sec. of the Prov? Congress ; and member of the important com. of corresp. In June, 1776, he com. the exped. which cleared Boston harbor of British ve^els. App. by Congress a maj.-gen. Feb. 1>, 1777, and soon after joined the main army, but was surprised and nearly captured at Bound Brook, Apr. 13. In July he was sent to join Schuyler in opposing Burgoyne. He collected the N.E. militia; sent out a successful exped. Sept. 13, under Col. Brown, against the port of Lake George; and joined Gates as second in com. Sept. 29. He commanded in the works during the action of Oct. 7 ; and was severely wounded on the 8th, having mistaken some of the enemy for his own troops; and disabled until Aug. 1778; app. to the com. of the southern army, which he assumed at Charleston in Dec. By the defeat of Gen. Ashe, at Brier Creek, Mar. 2, 1779, Lincoln lost near one-fourth of his army. June 20, he attacked the enemy s works near Stono Ferry; but the severe action had no 550 decisive result. In Sept. 1779 he joined D Es- tuing off Savannah; and in a bloody assault, Oct. 9, their joint forces were repulsed with loss. Mar. 30, 1780, Sir H. Clinton, with a large army, appeared before the lines of Charles ton, which Lincoln, with a very insufficient force, tried to defend. May 12, alter a vigorous cannonade, a capitulation took place. The his torian Ramsey gives him great praise for baf fling 3 months the greatly superior force of Clinton and Arbuthnot. Exchanged in Nov., he rejoined Washington in the spring of 1781 ; com. a central division at Yorktown, and con ducted the conquered army to the field where arms were deposited and the customary sub mission received. From Oct. 1781 to 1784, he waa sec. of war, and retired with a vote of Congress, acknowledging his highly meritorious services. In 1787 he com. the force which sup pressed Shays s insurrection ; lieut.-gov. in 1787; coll. of Boston 1789-1808 ; commiss. to the Creek Indians in 1789, and to the Western tribes in 1793; the latter part of his life was passed in literary and scientific pursuits. Mem ber of the convention which ratified the U.S. Constitution ; member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Lincoln, ENOCH, gov. of Maine 1827-9, b. Worcester, Ms., Dec. 28, 1788; d. Augusta, Oct. 8, 1829. Son of Atty.-Gen. Levi Lincoln. Was adm. to the bar in 1811 ; settled as a law yer in Fryeburg, Me. ; and in 1819 removed to Paris, Me. M.C. 1818-26. While at Fryeburg he pub. apoem entitled "The Village" (1816) ; and was also a contributor to the historical collections of Maine. His proclamations were marked by a peculiar felicity and terseness of expression ; and his official correspondence em braced an energetic vindication of the rights of the State in the question of the N.E. bounda ry. He delivered a poem at the centennial celebration of the fight at Lovewell s Fond, and an oration at the laying of the corner-stone of the Capitol at Augusta, July, 1829. Lincoln, LEVI, lawyer and statesman, b. Hingham, Ms., May 15, 1749; d. Worcester, Apr. 14, 1820. H.U. 1772. His ancestor Samuel came from Hingham, Eng., in 1627. He studied law under Joseph Hawley, and, settling at Worcester in 1775, became eminent in the profession ; became clerk of the court in 1775, arid judge of probate in 1776. Zeal ous in the cause of independence, he was the author of numerous patriotic appeals. In 1779 he was the govt. commiss. for confiscated estates. A delegate to the State Const. Conv. in 1780; and elected to the Old Congress in 1781, but declined. In the party divisions of John Adams s administration, he was a zealous Democ., and wrote a series of political papers called " Farmer s Letters." Member of the house 1796, and of the senate in 1797; M.C. 1799-1801; U.S. atty.-gen. 1801-5; member of State council 1806 ; lieut.-gov. 1807-8; act ing gov. in 1809; and in 1811 was app. asso ciate judge of the U.S. Supreme Court, but declined. He was an original member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences ; was con nected with other literary bodies ; and was long t the head of the Ms. bar. Two of his sons, Leri and Enoch, were governors of States. Lincoln, LEVI, LL.D. (H.U. 1826), states man, son of Levi, b. Worcester, Ms., Oct. 25, 1782; d. there May 29, 1868. H.U. 1802. Adm. to the bar in 1805, he practised with success in his native city. He was a State senator in 1812; member of the house in 1816- -23 (speaker in 1822); lieut.-gov. of Ms. 1823; judge of the Supreme Court in 1824; gov. of Ms. 1825-34; M.C. 1835-41; coll. of the port of Boston 1841 to Sept. 1843; member of the State Senate in 1844; pres. of that body in 1845. He was the first mayor of Worcester in 1848, and was a member of numerous historical and scientific societies. He was a warm op ponent of the Hartford Convention, and was a member of the State Const. Conv. of 1820. He was the first gov. of Ms. who exercised the veto power, the occasion being the construction of a bridge uniting Boston and Charlestown; many years pres. of the Worcester Agric. Soc. ; fellow of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences ; and a member of the Antiquarian and Hist. Societies of Ms. Lincoln, WILLIAM, antiquarian, b. Wor cester 1801 ; d. there Oct. 5, 1843. H.U. 1822. He studied law with his bro. Gov. Levi ; edited the National &yis ; with Mr. Baldwin pub. the Worcester Magazine 1826-7. Author of a " History of Worcester," 1837, a new ed. of which was pub. by Charles Hersey in 1862; Oration at Worcester, 4 July, 1816 ; and Me moir of C. C. Baldwin in Colls. Amer. Ant. Soc. ii. He was an early and active member of the Antiquarian Society. Lindsay, CHARLES, a Canadian journalist and political writer, b. Lincolnshire, England, early in 1820. He came to Canada in 1842, and for some time edited an obscure paper in Canada West. Becoming known, in 1846 Mr. Lindsay became sub-editor of the Exam iner, Mr. Hincks s organ in Toronto, until in 1852 he became editor of the Toronto Leader, the most influential and widely-circulated po litical and family paper in the province. He has written " Clergy Reserves/ "The Maine Liquor-Law," and " The Prairies of the West ern States." Morgan. Lindsley, PHILIP, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 1823), educator, b. Morristown, N.J., Dec. 21, 1786; d. Nashville, Tenn., May 25, 1855. N. J. Coll. 1804. Licensed to preach 24 Apr. 1810. He was tutor at Princeton in 1807-9 and in 1812 ; in 1813 he became prof, of lan guages; in 1817 was made vice-pres. ; and in 1823 was chosen president, but declined. He accepted the thrice-tendered presidency of the U. of Nashville in Dec. 1824, and through his efforts the standard of education was raised to a level with that of the oldest and best-endowed colleges of the Atlantic States. In Oct. 1830 he resigned this office, and resided during the last four years of his life at New Albany, Ind., two years of this time being spent as prof, of archa3ology and church polity in the theol. sem. there. Such was his reputation, that lie was offered the presidency of ten different colleges between 1820 and 1839. In May, 1834, he was elected moderator of the Gen. Assembly of the Presb. Church, then in session at Phila. His works, edited by L. J. Halsey, D.D., were pub. Phila. 3 vols. 8vo. 551 LI3? Lingan, GEN. JAMES MACCUBIN, Rcvol. officer, b. Md. ab. 1752; killed by a mob in Baltimore, July 28, 1812. He fought at Long Island ; was made prisoner at Fort Washing ton, and experienced the horrors of the prison- ship. After the war he was made coll. of the port of Georgetown. A political article in the F&l ..ral Republican, newspaper of Mr. Hanson, occasioned an attack on the premises of the editor in Baltimore, whose friends, among them Gens. Lingan and Lee, rallied to his support, and fired on the mob, killing Dr. Gale, and wound ing others. Surrendering themselves to the civil authorities next day, a bloodthirsty mob forced the jail, killed Gen. Lingan, and dread fully mangled 11 others, including Gen. Lee and Mr. Hanson. Liniers, BREMONT, DON SANTIAGO, a Spanish naval officer, b. Niort, ab. 1760; d. Aug. 26, 1809. He was at first in the Maltese service ; then in that of Spain, in which he became capt. of a ship before the French revol. His first service of importance was against the English, under Whitelocke, in S. America, from whom he took Buenos Ayres, and was app. capt. -gen. of Rio de la Plata. On the in vasion of Spain by Bonaparte, he endeavored in vain to engage Liniers in his interests ; but his temporizing policy excited suspicion both in America and Spain, and he was superseded by the viceroy, Don Cisueros. The latter be coming unpopular, a revolution was excited; and Liniers, having declared for the roval authority, was taken, condemned to death, and shot. Lining, JOHN, M.D., physician, b. Scot land, 1708; d. Charleston, S. C., 1760. He received an excellent education ; came to Amer. ab. 1730; was a corresp. of Franklin, and the first to introduce an electrical apparatus into Charleston. He was a skilful practitioner there nearly 30 years. He pub. in the Trans. of the Roy. Soc. a series of judicious statical experiments, conducted in 1738-42. In 1753 he pub. the first account of the yellow-fever given to the world from America. Linn, JOHN BLAIR, D.D., poet and clergy man, b. Shippensburg, Pa., Mar. 14, 1777; d. Phila. Aug. 30, 1804. Col. Coll. 1795. Wm. his great-grandfather came from Ireland, and lived more than 100 years. While studying law in the office of Alex. Hamilton, he wrote an un successful play, called " Bourville Castle." Turning his attention to theol., he was ord. in 1798; and June 13, 1799, became assist, to Dr. E\ving of the First Presb. Church, Phila. His powers of argument and his learning were ex hibited in his controversy with Dr. Priestly, in 1803. In 1805 "Valerian," a poem, was pub. to which was prefixed an account of his life, by his bro.-in-law, Charles Brockden Brown. He also wrote a poem on the death of Washington, and in 1801 " The Power of Genius," which attained popularity. Two vols. of miscellanies in prose and verse were pub. by him, without his name, soon after he left college. He had a mind of great vigor and sensibility, and a sprightly and luxuriant fancy. Linn, LEWIS FIELDS, senator, b. near Louisville, Ky.,Nov. 5, 1795; d. St. Genevieve, Mo., Oct. 3, 1843. His family were among the earliest emigrants to Ky. from Va. Both grandparents, and 7 members of the family, were killed by the Indians, at different times. His grandfather, Col. Wm., was one of the most prominent Indian-fighters of his day. Lewis settled in St. Genevieve in 1815, and be came a successful physician and politician. He entered the State legisl. 1827; was a commiss. to settle the old French land-claims inMo. ; and was U.S. senator from 1833 till his death. He labored for the interest of the Mpi. Valley, and in behalf of the settlement of Oregon ; and made an elaborate speech in support of the bill to remit the fine imposed by Judge Hall upon Gen. Jackson. See Life by E. A. Linn andN. Sargent, N.Y. 1857. Linn, WILLIAM, D.D., an eloquent Prcsb. divine, b. Shippensburg, Pa., 1752; d. Albanv, Jan. 8, 1808 N.J. Coll. 1772. After serving some time as chaplain in the Revol. army, he was pastor of a church near Shippensburg ; in 1784 he took charge of an acad. in Somerset Co., Md. ; in 1787 became pastor of the Prcsb. Church in Elizabethtown, N. J. ; and shortly after settled as a collegiate pastor in the D. R. church in N.Y. City, where he resided 20 years. He pub. 2 vols. of sermons 1791 t. Linsley, JAMES HARVEY, naturalist, b. Northford, Ct., 5 May, 1787 ; d. Stratford, Ct., Dec. 26, 1843. Y.C. 1817. He was a Baptist clergyman, but, in consequence of ill-health, turned his attention to the study of natural history. He pub. in the Journal of Science a catalogue of mammalia in vol. 43, and of birds in vol. 45. A memoir of his life was pub. by his dau., 18mo, Hartford, 1845. Linsley, JOEL HARVEY, D.D., Cong, clergyman, b. Cornwall, Vt., July 15, 1790; d. Greenwich, Ct., Mar. 23, 1868. " Mid. Coll. 1811. He was tutor at the coll. two and a half years; studied law; was adm. to the bar in 1815 ; and practised in Middlebury 7 years. He was licensed to preach in June, 1822 ; was a missionary in S.C. ; pastor of the South Cong. Church, Hartford, Ct., from Feb. 1824 to 1832; pastor of the Park-st. Church, Boston, until the failure of his voice in 1835 ; pres. of Marietta Coll., O., from 1835 to 1845; and pastor of the Second Cong. Church, Green wich, Ct., from 1847 till his death. Lippard, GEORGE, novelist, b. near Yel low Springs, Pa., Apr. 10, 1822; d. Phila. 1854. At 15 he began to study law, which he prosecuted in the office of Ovid F. Johnston, atty.-gen. of the State. In 1841 he became a contrib. to the Spirit of the Times. His first novel was " The Ladye Annabel." He next wrote " The Quaker City," which produced from its showing-up of real characters consid erable excitement. Among his other works are "Herbert Tracy," " Washington and his Generals," "Paul Ardenheim," "Memoirs of a Preacher," " Adonai," " Jesus and the Poor," " Adrian the Neophyte," " The Empire City," " The Nazarene," "Blanche of Brandywine," " Legends of Mexico," " Washington and his Men," " The Rose of Wissahickon," " Bel of Prairie Eden," and " New York, its Upper Ten and Lower Million," &c. His works evince vigor and power, but have little else to recom mend them. His Life and choice writings were JLEP LIT pub. 8vo, Phila. 1855, with an essay on his writ ings and genius by C. C. Burr, 1847. Lippincott, SARA JANE (CLARKE) " Grace Greenwood," authoress, b. Pompey, N.Y., 28 Sept. 1823. At 19 she removed with her father to New Brighton, Pa. She was m. Oct. 17, 1853, to Mr. Leander K. Lippincott of Phila. She pub. verse at an early age ; but her first prose-writings were a series of letters con- trib. in 1844 to the N.Y. Mirror. Portions of these were pub. in 1850 in two series of " Green wood Leaves." Among her other works are " History of my Pets," 1850 ; " Poems," 1851 ; " Recollections of my Childhood," 1852 ; " Haps and Mishaps of a Tour in Europe," 1854 ; " Merrie England," 1855 ; " Stories and Legends, of Travel, and History for Children," 1858; and " Stories from Famous Ballads," 1860. She now edits the Little Pilgrim, a ju venile monthly. Her latest vol. is made up of her contributions to the Independent, and some lectures. Lippitt, GEN.- CHRISTOPHER, Revol. of ficer, b. Cranston, R.I., 1744 ; d. there June 18, 1 824. He was disting. early in life for the dis charge of numerous civil and military offices, with which he was invested ; and was an ardent and inflexible supporter of Revol. principles. Made a col. in Sept. 1776, he was engaged at White Plains, at Trenton, and Princeton ; was afterward a brig.-gen. of R.I. militia, serving in the engagement in that State ; and was a member of the State legisl. Rogers. Lipscomb, ABNER S., jurist, b. S.C. 1789; d. Austin, Texas, Dec. 3, 1857. After studying law, he removed to Ala. ; served in its legisl. ; was made a judge of the Supreme Court ; and subsequently chief justice, which office he held many years. He removed to Texas in 1838; was sec. of State under Pres. Lamar, and a member of the State Const. Conv. Upon the organization of the State govt. he became an assoc. justice of the Supreme Court. Lisle, HENRY M., lawyer, of Milton, Ms., b. W. Indies; d. Tortola, 1814. He pub. an oration on the death of Washington, 1800; "Milton Hill," a poem; and a Masonic Ad dress, 1805. List, FREDERICK, b. Bentlingen, Suabia, 1789 ; d. Kufstein in the Tyrol, 30 Nov. 1846. App. prof, of polit. econ., U. of Tubingen, 1817 ; afterward emig. to Pa., and there dis covered the Tamaqua coal-mines. U.S. consul for Leipsic, 1832. Pub. his " National System of Polit. Economy " in 1841, transl. with a " Life of Li&t " by Dr. Matile, Phila. 8vo, 1856. This edition has a valuable preface by Stephen Col well. Allibone. List, MRS. HARRIET WINSLOW, author of " Stanzas to the Unsatisfied," and "Morn ing and Night," a poem ; b. Portland, Me., 30 June, 1819; m. in 1848 Charles List of Phila. She is now Mrs. S. E. Sewall, and re sides in Mel rose, Ms. LithgOW, WILLIAM, lawyer and patriot, b. Georgetown, Me., 1750; d. 16 Feb. 1796. Wm. his father, judge of the C.C.P. for Lin coln Co., d. 1798. The son, an ardent pa triot, was a mnjor in the Cont. line in 1776, and was badly wouuded in the arm at Sarato ga. After the war, he studied law, engaged in practice in Lincoln Co.; was a State senator in 1787; was soon afterwards maj.-gen. of militia; and from 1789 till his death was U.S. atty. for the district of Maine. Littell, ELJAKIM, editor, b. Burlington, N.J., Jan. 2, 1797 ; d. Brookline, Ms., 17 May, 1870. George, his ancestor, emig. in 1630-40. Capt. Eliakim, his grandfather, dialing, him self in the defence of Springfield, N.J., 4 June, 1780. Editor and pub. of the National Record er, Phila. Jan. 1819; changed its title in July, 1821, to the Saturday Mag., publishing DeQuinceyV Confessions of an Opium-Eater," and Charles Lamb s works; July, 1822, he again changed it to a monthly, entitled the Museum of Foreign Literature and Science, which was edited by Robert Walsh the first year, af terward by himself aided by his bro. Squier Littell, M.D. ; in 1843 it was pub. in New York as the Eclectic Museum of For. Lit., and not edited by Mr. L. May 11, 1844, he began in Boston Littell s Living Age, which he edited till his death, when it had reached the 105th vol. In July, 1855, he began the Panorama of Life and Lit., a monthly. He was the author of the " Compromise Tariff," adopted by Clay, and carried through Congress during Jackson s administration. His bro. JOHN STOCKTON, b, Burlington, N. J., 1 806 ; d. Philadelphia, July 1 1 , 1875, has edited, with biog. and hist, notes, Gray- don s Memoirs, 8vo, 1846 ; Alex. Garden s An ecdotes of the Amer. Revol. ; and pub. " The Life of Henry Clay." Another bro. SQLTIEK, M.D., b. Burlington, N. J., 1803; surgeon to Willis s Hospital (Phila.), for diseases of the eye since its opening in 1834; author of " Manual of Diseases of the Eye," 12mo, 1837 ; 2d ed., 1840. Allibone. Littell, WILLIAM, LL.D., reporter of the decisions of the Ky. Court of Appeals, and compiler of " Laws of Kentucky," b. N. J. ; d, Frankfort, 1824. Many years an eminent member of the Ky. bar. Author also of " Di gest of the Statute Law of Ky.," 1822, 8vo, 2 vols., and " Festoons of Fancy, in Essays, Hu morous, Sentimental, and Political, in Prose and Verse." Little, CAPT. GEORGE, of the Revol. navy, b. Marshh eld, Ms., 1754; d. Weymouth, Ms., July 22, 1809. He com. "The Boston," an armed vessel belonging to Ms., soon after the opening of the Revol., and was 1st lieut. of " The Protector," Capt. John Foster Williams, in 1779. Captured by a British frigate, he scaled the walls of his prison at Plymouth, Eng., and escaped ; soon after com. the sloop- of-war " Winthrop," cruising with success dur ing the remainder of the war; app. to com. the national frigate "Boston "in 1798; and made capt. in the U.S.N. March 4, 1799. He captured several armed French ships, among them " Le Berceau," after a severe conflict, but was discharged Oct. 22, 1801, and retired to his farm. Little, HARVEY D., lawyer, poet, and edi tor, b. Wetherstield, Ct., 1803; d. Columbus, Ohio, Aug. 22, 1833. At the age of 12 or 13, he accomp. his father to Franklin Co., Ohio, where he was for several years a printer and editor, and afterwards a lawyer. His poems LIT 553 LIV first attracted general notice in 1830, when they appeared under the " nom de plume " Ve- lasques, in the St. Clairsville newspaper, pub. bv him. He edited the Eclectic and Medical Botanist at the time of his death. A eulogy was pronounced on his character by Rev. War ren Jenkins before the Columbus Typographi cal Soc. 30 Nov. 1833. Poets and Poetry of the Little, LEWIS HENRY, gen. C.S.A., b. Baltimore, 1818; killed in the battle of luka, Sept. 19, 1862. West Point, 1839. Son of Col. Peter Little, M.C. from Mil. 1811-13 and 1816-29; d. Bait. Feb. 5, 1830. L. H. enter ed the 5th Inf. ; he became 1st lieut. 7th Inf. Apr. 1845; brev. capt. for gallantry at Mon terey, Sept. 23,1846; disting. himself at Cerro Gordo ; became capt. Aug. 1847 ; and resigned May 7, 1861, to enter the Confederate army; adj."-gcn. Mo. forces on the staff of Gen. Price ; and for his skill and courage at the battle of Elk Horn was made brig.-gen. When Van Dorn was assigned to the com. of the dist. of North Mpi., Little succeeded to the com. of Price s division. Little, MOSES, Eevol. officer, b. Newbury, Ms., May 8, 1724; d. there May 27, 1798. In Apr. 1775, he marched with a company to Lexington ; was made a col. ; and was in the battle of Bunker s Hill ; after the evacuation of Boston went to N.Y. ; was with his regt. at Trenton and Princeton ; and returned home in ill-health in 1777. A shock of palsy deprived him of speech in 1781. App. by the State of Ms. in 1779 to com. the naval exped. to the Penobscot, he declined on account of ill-health. Coffin s Newbury. Little, SOPHIA L., author, b. Newport, R.I, 1799; dau. of Ashur Robbins ; m. in 1824 Wm. Little, jun., of Boston. A resident of Newp , R.I. Has contrib. much to periodicals, and pub. "The Last Days of Jesus," 1839; " The Annunciation and Birth of Jesus," 1842; "The Betrothed and the Branded Hand," 1844; "Poems;" and a prose- work, entiled " Pilgrim s Progress in the Last Days," 1843. Griswold s Fern. Poets. Littlejohn, ABRAM NEWKIRK, D.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of L.I. (consec. Jan. 27,1869), b. Montgomery Co., N.Y., 13 Dec. 1824. Un. Coll. 1845. Adm. deacon 19 Mar. 1848, offi ciating at St. Anne s Church, Amsterdam, N.Y., one year ; then at St. Andrew s, Meriden, Ct. ; rector of Christ Church, Springfield, Ms., 10 Apr. 1850, andord. priest in that year ; rec tor of St Paul s, N. Haven, July 1851-1860, and since Easter Sunday, 1860, rector of Holy Trin. Church, Brooklyn, N.Y. Elected pres. of Hobart Coll. in 1 858, and declined. In 1 853-60, lecturer on pastoral theol. at the Divinity School, Middletown, Ct. In 1853 he delivered at Phila. a course of lectures on " The Philos. of Religion," afterward published. Littlepage, LEWIS, soldier and diploma tist, b. Hanover Co., Va., Dec. 19, 1762; d. Fredericksburg, Va., July 19, 1802. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1778. A member of the fam ily of John Jay, minister to Madrid ; he vol. in Crillon s exped. against Minorca in 1781; and afterwards accomp. Count Nassau to the siege of Gibraltar, and thence to Constantino ple and Warsaw. He was honored for man} years with the esteem and confidence of the unfortunate Stanislaus, king of Poland, un der whom, before the loss of his throne, he held, among other offices, that of ambassador to Rus sia ; was created by him a knight of the order of St. Stanislaus, chamberlain, and confiden tial sec. ; and acted as his special envoy in the most important negotiations. He also served with credit as an officer of high rank in differ ent armies. When Stanislaus lost his throne in 1792, Littlepage returned to Virginia. Little Turtle (MECHE-CUN-NA-QUA), a Miami chief of great distinction ; d. Fort Wayne, Ind., 14 July, 1812. He is supposed to have received some instruction in Canada ; and possessed great intelligence, native wit, and men tal vigor. He took part in the border warfare of the West; and com. at the defeat of Harmar, in Oct. 1790, on the Miami, and at that of St. Clair, 4 Nov. 1791, at St. Mary s. He was present, though not in com., at the battle of Fallen Timbers, in which the Indians were de feated by Gen. Wayne, 20 Aug. 1794, he hav ing vainly endeavored to dissuade them from attacking the " chief who never sleeps," and with whom he urged them to make peace ; and was one of the signers of the treaty at Green ville, in Aug. 1795. In 1797 he visited Wash ington at Phila., where he had also an inter view with Volney, the French philosopher, and was the recipient of a pair of elegantly mounted pistols from Kosciuszko. Livermore, ABIEL ABBOT, clergyman, b. Wilton, N. H., Oct. 30, 1811. H.U. 1833. He studied divinity at Cambridge ; was ord. pastor of the Unitarian Church in Keene, N.H., Nov. 2, 1836 ; but left in May, 1850, and became pastor of the church in * Cincinnati, which office he held till the summer of 1856. He became editor of the Christian Inquirer, in N.Y., Jan. 1, 1857 ; and in June, pastor of the First Unitarian Church in Yonkers. Pres. of the Theol. Sem., Meadville, Pa., since 1863. His principal works are " The Four Gospels," with a commentary, 1841-2 ; " The Acts of the Apostles," with a commentary, 1844; "Epis tle of Paul to the Romans," with a commentary, 12mo, 1855 ; "Lectures to Young Men," 1846; "The Marriage-Offering," 1848 ; "The War with Mexico Reviewed," a prize essay, 1850; "Discourses," 1854; "Christian Hymns," a compilation, 1859. He has also contrib. to the N. A. Review, Christian Examiner, Christian Repository, and other periodicals. Livermore, ARTHUR, jurist, b. London derry, N. H., July 26, 1766 ; d. Campton, N.H., July 1, 1853. Son of the Hon. Samuel. Was a lawyer by profession, and a member of the legisl. Assoc. justice in the Superior Court 1798 to Sept. 1809. Chief justice from the latter date until June, 1813; and again assoc. justice until 1816 ; M.C. 1817-21 and 1823-5 ; and chief justice C.C.P. in 1825-32. Livermore, EDWARD ST. LOE, judge, b. Portsmouth, N.H., Apr. 5, 1762; d. Lowell, Ms., Sept. 22, 1832. Son of Judge Samuel. He was a counsellor at law; was U.S. atty. to the Circuit Court; M.C. for Essex Co. in 1806- 12; in 1797-9 a judge of the Superior Court of N.H. A resident of Boston in 1813, he de- 554 LIV livcred the 4th of July oration; in 1799 pro nounced at Portsmouth an oration on the dis solution of the union between this country and France; and Jan. 6, 1809, an oration on the embargo law. See Lond. Notes and Q. v. 3d ser., for dau. Harriet, b. 14 Apr. 1788, recently living in Philadelphia. Iiivermore, GEORGE, merchant and schol ar, b. Cambridge, Ms., July 10, 1809; d. there Aug. 30, 1865. For many years he was prom inent in the wool-commission business in Bos ton. He pub. a vol. on the N. Eng. Primer; " A Tribute to James Johnson," 1 855 ; " Opin ions of the Founders of the Republic on Ne groes as Slaves," &c., 1862; contrib. to the Christ. Examiner an article on Strickland s Hist, of the Bible Soc., and to the N. A. Rev. a paper on Public Libraries. Mr. L. was made A.M. of H.U. in 1850 ; was a member of sev eral learned societies ; and had collected one of the finest libraries of Bibles and biblical lit erature in the country. Dui/ckincJc. Livermore, MARY ASH TON, reformer, b. Boston, 19 Dec. 1821. Dau. of Timo. Rice. She was noted in her youth for resolution and restless activity; was foremost in healthful out door sports ; and was also remarkable for pro ficiency at school. She was a pupil, and for some time a teacher, in the Charlestown Fern. Sem. She sought relief from the bereavement sustained by the loss of a much-loved sister by becoming a governess in Southern Va., where she remained 2 years ; and then taught school in Duxbury, Ms., where she m. D. P. Livermore, a Universalist clergyman. He was subsequently settled as pastor in Stafford, Ct., Maiden and Weymonth, Ms., Auburn, N.Y., and Quincy, 111. ; and ab. 1858 became ed. and pub. of the New Covenant at Chicago. Dur ing this period she wrote largely for the period icals of her denomination, and ed. the Lily, be side aiding her husband in the New Covenant. During the war, her labors in behalf of the soldiers and in aid of the Sanitary Com. were arduous, and were of the highest utility. She has latterly been prominent as a writer and speaker in the cause of woman; and in 1870 established in advocacy of this movement, and has since edited, the Woman s Journal at Bos ton. Univ. Repository, 1868. Livermore, SAMUEL, LL.D., statesman, b. Waltham, N.H., 14 May, 1732; d. Holder- ness, N. H., May, 1803. N. J. Coll. 1752. Adm. to the bar in 1757; became atty.-gen.of N. H. in 1769 ; judge adv. of admiralty before the Revol. ; member Cont. Congress 1780-2 and 1785-6 ; of the conv. to adopt the Federal Constitution in 1788 ; pres. of the Const. Conv. of 1791 ; judge of the Sup. Court of N.H. 1782-90; M.C. 1789-93; U.S. senator 1793- 1801, and pres. pro tern, in 1797 and 99. Livermore, SAMUEL, an eminent lawyer of X. Orleans; d. 1833. H.U. 1804. Author of " Treatise on the Law of Principal and Agent, and of Sales by Auction," Boston, 8vo, 1811 ; "Disserts, on the Contrariety of Laws of Different States and Nations," N. Orleans, 8vo, 1828. Livingston, BROCKHOLST, LL.D. (H.U. 1818), jurist, son of Gov. William, b. N.Y. tfov. 25, 1757 ; d. Washington, Mar. 19, 1823. He entered N. J. Coll., but left it in 1776 to join the staff of Gen. Schuyler, com. of the northern army. He was afterward attached to the suite of Arnold with the rank of maj. ; shared in the capture of Burgoyne ; and was promoted to a colonelcy. In 1779 he accomp. John Jay to the court of Spain as his private sec. On" his return, in 1782, he studied law, and was adm. to practice in Apr. 1783, and rose to eminence at the bar. App. Jan. 8, 1802, a judge of the Supreme Court of N.Y., and from Nov. 1806 to his death was a judge of the U.S. Supreme Court. An upright judge, an able pleader, and an accomplished scholar. Livingston, EDWARD, jurist and states man, b. Clermont, Columbia Co., N.Y., -26 May, 1764; d. Rhinebeck, N.Y., 23 May, 1836. N.J. Coll. 1781. Great-grandson of Robert, first proprietor of the manor of Liv ingston, and son of Robert R. His mother was Margaret Beekman. He m. Mary McEvers of N.Y. City, where he began practice in 1785, and soon acquired a high reputation as a jurist and advocate. M.C. in 1795-1801, and an op ponent of the administrations of Washington and Adams ; app. in Mar. 1801 U.S. dist.- atty. for N.Y., and chosen mayor for two years, being at the same time judge of the municipal court. In the autumn of 1803 he became a public defaulter in consequence of the miscon duct of a clerk; made an assignment of his property; and, in Feb. 1804, removed to New Orleans. Having lost his first wife, he m. a Creole, Louise Moreau de Lassy, in 1805. Meet ing great professional success in N. Orleans, he paid in full the debt he owed the govt. Becoming involved in litigation with the Federal Govt. about the title to the batture lands in N. Orleans, it was the subject of a special message to Congress, 7 Mar. 1808, and of a pamphlet by Jefferson, as well as one from Livingston in reply. The latter gained his case. One of his first labors in La. was the preparation of a code of judicial procedure in force from 1805 to 1825. His improvements both in the civil and criminal code (begun in 1821) established his fame both at home and abroad. In regard to capital punishment, he approved the humane suggestions of Beccaria. This code has visibly influenced the legislation of several countries. At the battle of New Orleans, 8 Jan. 1815, he acted as aide-de-camp to Gen. Jackson, who was his intimate friend. M.C. from La. 1823- 9 ; U.S. senator 1829-31 ; sec. of State, May, 1831-May, 1833; and minister to France until the close of 1835. In Congress he attempted to reform the criminal code, carried laws for the protection and relief of American seamen in foreign lands, and promoted the establish ment and increase of the navy. An eloquent eulogy upon his life and works was pronounced by Mignet in 1 838, before the French Acad., of which Livingston was a member. Amiability and goodness of heart were noticeable feature s of his character. His bro.-in-law Davezac pre pared a vol. of " Reminiscences of Livingston," a portion of which app. in the Dernoc. Review, to which, about 1840, he was a frequent contrib. He pub. Judicial Opinions delivered in the Mayor s Court, N.Y. 1 802 ; " Report to the As sembly of La. of the Plan of the Penal Code/ 555 3vo, 1822; "System of Penal Law for La./ 1826; and "System of Penal Law for the U.S." 1828. See Life of Livingston, by C. H. Hunt, 8vo, 1864. Livingston, GEN. HENRY, b. Livingston Manor, N.Y., Jan. 19, 1752 ; d. there May 26, 1823. He m. in Canada at an early age ; was a lieut.-col. at Saratoga; and com. at Stony Point at the time of Arnold s treason. Livingston, COL. HENRY BEEKMAN, Revol. officer, b. Livingston Manor, 1750; d. Rhinebeck, N.Y., 7 Nov. 1831. Son of Robert R. and Margaret Beekman. He raised a company in Aug. 1775, with which he accoinp. Montgomery to Canada ; and, for ser vices in the capture of Chambly, was voted a sword by Congress, Dec. 1775. Aide to Schuyler in Feb. 1776; lieut.-col. in May, 76; col. 4th N.Y. batt. Nov. 21, 1776 ; resigned in Jan. 1779. He was with Montgomery at Que bec, and (listing, himself in the engagement at Quaker Hill, R.I. After the war, he was atty.- gcn., judge, and chief justice of N.Y., and a gen. in war of 1812; pres. N.Y. Soc. of Cin cinnati. Livingston, HENRY WALTER, M.C., 1803-7, b. N.Y. 1764; d. Linlithgow, N.Y., Dec. 22, 1810. Y.C. 1786. Educated to the law ; judge of C.C.P.of Columbia Co., N.Y. ; sec. to Mr. Morris, ambassador to France in 1792. Livingston, COL. JAMES, Revol. officer, b. Canada, 1747; d. Saratoga Co., N.Y.,Nov. 20, 1832. Son of John and Catharine Ten Broeckof the branch of Robert, nephew of the proprietor of the Livingston Manor. Possess ing some influence among the Canadians, he became col. of the regt. of Canadian refugees, who joined Gen. Montgomery. With them Liv ingston captured Fort Chambly, its garrison and stores : accomp. Montgomery in his invasion of Canada ; and participated in the memorable attack on Quebec. He was also at the battle of Stillwater, and served to the end of the war. His brothers, Lieut.-Col. Richard and Capt. Abraham were in the same corps. He resided at Montreal, where he m. Elizabeth Simpson. Holgate. Livingston JOHN HENRY, D.D. (Utrecht, 1770), great-grandson of Robert, and son of Henry ; b. Poughkeepsie, N.Y., May 30, 1746 ; d. New Brunswick, N. J., Jan. 20, 1825. Y.C. 1762. He began to study law ; afterward studied theology in Utrecht, Holland ; and, having been ord. by the classis of Amsterdam, in 1770 he became pastor of the Dutch Church in N.Y. City. While in Holland, he procured the independence of the Amer. churches from the Dutch classis, and effected a union be tween the former in 1772, two parties hav ing formerly divided them. In 1775 he was m. to his 3d cousin, the dau. of Philip Living ston ; and in 1776, having removed from N.Y. on the occupation of that city by the British, he preached at Albany 3 years, afterward at Kingston and Poughkeepsie, and at the close of the war returned to N.Y. App. by the gen. synod in 1784 prof, of divinity, it was not till 1795 that a regular seminary was opened under his direction at Bedford, L.I. This was closed jwo years after for lack of support. Dr. L. then resumed his labors in N.Y. In 1807 Dr. L. was app. pres. and prof, of theology in Queen s Coll., N. Brunswick, N. J. He pub " A Funeral Service," " Incestuous Marriage," a dissertation on marriage with a sister-in-law, 1816; "Psalms and Hymns," &c. ; " Ref. Dutch Ch. inN.A.," 1814; and some occasional pieces. See Life, by Rev. Alex. Gunn, N. Y. 1829. Livingston, Philip, Revol. statesman, b. Albany, Jan. 15, 1716; d. York, Pa., June 12, 1778. Y.C. 1737. 4th son of Philip, who inherited the manor of Livingston from his fa ther Robert. He became a prominent mer chant of N.Y. City ; was an alderman in 1754-8 ; and became a member of the legisl. in 1759. He was one of the .com. of corresp. with the agent for the Colony in Eng., Edmund Burke. In 1764 he reported to the house a petition to the king, afterwards adopted, opposing the in tended taxation of the Colonies ; and in 1768, as speaker, he signed the answer of the house to the Boston letter, and also to two memorials to the British parliament ; in 1769 he was un seated by the Tory majority. Member of the Cont. Congress in 1774-8, he not only signed but strenuously advocated the Decl. of Indep. Oct. 11. 1774, he was, with Lee and Jay, app. to prepare a memorial to the people of British America, and an address to the people of Great Britain. April 26, 1775, he was chosen pres. of the Prov. Congress; and Feb. 1, 1776, was unanimously elected to the Assembly. He was a member of the senate pending the question of the adoption of the State Constitution ; a member of the board of the Cont. treasury in 1776, and of its marine com. in 1777. He founded the professorship of divinity at Y. C. in 1746; was one of the founders of the N.Y. Society Library, and of the Chamber of Com merce ; and aided materially in the establish ment of Col. Coll. Previous to his decease he sold part of his property to sustain the public credit. His son HENRY PHILIP was a member of Washington s family in 1778. Livingston, ROBERT R., judge, b. 1719; d. Phila. Dec. 9, 1775. Eldest son of Robert, merchant of New York, who was second son of the first owner of Livingston Manor, and who d. Clermont, 27 June, 1775, a. 88. App. judge of the Admiralty Court in 1760 ; and in 1763 a justice of the N.Y. Sup. Court; rep. Duchess Co. in the Assembly 1759-68; corn- miss, in 1767, and again in 1773, to fix a line of jurisdiction between N.Y. and Ms. He m. Margaret, dau. of Col. Henry Beekman, by whom he had Chancellor Robert R., Janet (who m. Gen. Montgomery), Col. Henry B., and Edward. Holyate. Livingston, ROBERT R., LL.D., states man, b. New York, Nov. 27, 1746 ; d. Feb. 26, 1813. Columb. Coll. 1765. His ancestor Rob ert, of a noble Scottish family, emig. to Amer. in 1678, and in 1686 obtained a patent for the manor of Livingston. He practised law with great success in New York; but in 1775 lost the office of recorder, which he obtained in 1773, on account of his attachment to liberty ; and was elected to the Assembly, and sent to Congress, in 1775-7 and 1779-81. One of the com, of five who drafted the Decl. of Indep. ; 556 T/TiO was sec. of foreign affairs from Aug. 1781 to Aug. 1783; and during the Revol. signalized himself by his zeal and efficiency in the cause. Member of theN.Y. Const. Conv. in Apr. 1777 ; he was chancellor of the state from 1777 until Feb. 1801, as such administering the oath of office to Washington upon his inaug. as pres. In 1788 he was chairman of the N.Y. conven tion to consider the U.S. Constitution, and prin cipally instrumental in procuring its adoption. Minister-plenipo. to France in 1801-4, he pro cured the cession of La. in Apr. 1803, and a settlement for the numerous spoliations by the French on our commerce. Napoleon, on taking leave of him, presented to him a splendid snuff box, with a miniature likeness of himself by Isabey. While in Paris, he formed a friendship for Fulton, whom he materially assisted in his plans of steam-navigation. He introduced into N. Y. the use of gypsum, and the breed of me rino sheep ; and was pres. of the N.Y. Acad. of Fine Arts, and also of the Agric. Society. Few men have been concerned in events of greater importance to the country, the Decl. of fndep., the framing of the Constitutions of N.Y. and of the U.S., the purchase of La. Terr., the germ of many important States, and, lastly, the in vention of steam-navigation, in which he was the efficient coadjutor of Fulton. He pub. " Oration bef. the Cincinnati," July 4, 1787 ; " Address to the Soc. for Promoting the Arts," 1 808 ; " Essays on Agriculture ; " " Essay on Sheep," London, 8vo, 1811. Livingston, WILLIAM, LL.D. (Y.C. 1788). Statesman, bro. of Philip, b. Albany, ab. Nov. 30, 1723; d. Elizabethtovvn, N. J., July 25, 1790. Y.C. 1741. He became an eminent member of the bar of N.Y. and N. J. In 1752 he pub. with Wm. Smith, jun., the first " Digest of the Colony Laws," and commenced a weekly political, miscellaneous journal, the Independent Reflector; in 1757 he pub. in de fence of Gov. Shirley, " A Review of the Mili tary Operations in N.A., from 1753 to April 14, 1756, in a Letter to a Nobleman ;" in 1758 he was elected a member of the Assembly. He wrote much in opposition to the proposed American Episcopate. Having purchased a tract of land in Elizabethtown, N. J., he built a house, which he called "Liberty Hall;" in 1773 he removed there, where he passed the remainder of his life. He early espoused the cause of the Colonies ; was elected a delegate to the first Cont. Congress from N. J. in 1774 ; was unanimously re-elected in 1775, and was put on several of the most important commit tees ; but was recalled June 5, to command as brig.-gen. the State militia, and after Wm. Franklin was deposed, in June, 1776, suc ceeded to the office of gov., which he retained to the close of his life. In the trying circum stances in which N. Jersey was placed, as a frontier State, during the Revol., he conducted his govt. with great judgment and energy. The British made several expeditions for the purpose of kidnapping that " Don Quixote of the Jer seys" (as they called the gov., who was tall in person and very thin) ; but he was always fortunate enough to escape. In 1787 he was a delegate to the convention which framed the Federal Constitution ; he refused the app. of commiss. to superintend the construction of the Federal buildings, and of minister to Holland. A Memoir by Theodore Sedgewick, with his Corresp., was pub. in 1832. He was the author of a poem called "Philosophi cal Solitude," 1747 ; a funeral oration on President Burr of Princeton College ; and a variety of political and miscellaneous tracts. Livius, PETER, counsellor of N.H., chief justice of Canada, b. Bedford, Eng., 1727; d. Eng. 23 July, 1795. He received an hon. de gree from II.U. in 1767. A resident of Ports mouth, N.H.; proscribed as a loyalist in 1778, chief justice from May 31, 1777, to 1786, when he went to England. Lloyd, DAVID, an early and influential Welsh settler in Pa.; d. Chester, Pa., 1731, a. 75. Arriving in Phila. in 1686, he practised law there, and was in that year commiss. by Wm. Penn atty.-gen. of the province. He was also dep. register-gen, under his Welsh friend Thos. Ellis ; was frequently a member of the Assembly, and speaker of that body ; and from 1717 till his death was chief justice of Pa. He was a zealous and consistent Quaker. Quit ting Phila. in 1700, he afterward lived at Ches ter. Smith s Del. Co. Lloyd, EDWARD, gov. of Md. in 1809-11 ; d. Annapolis, June 2, 1834, a. 55. M.C. 1806- 9, and U.S. senator in 1819-26. An Edward Lloyd was member of the Cont. Congress from Md. in 1783-4. Lloyd, JAMES, M.D. (H.U. 1790), physi cian, b. L.I. Apr. 1728; d. Boston, March 14, 1810. His grandfather James came from Som ersetshire, Eng., ab. 1670; d. Boston, 1693. Henry his father ownod and resided on a val uable estate in N.Y., and m. in Boston the clau. of John Nelson. James studied medicine at Strat ford, Ct., at Boston, and in London ; returned 1752; and for 58 years had an extensive prac tice. He was for some time surgeon of Castle William; and in 1764 was a strenuous advo cate for a general inoculation. Among the many eminent pupils who came to him were Dr. Joseph Warren, Dr. Isaac Rand, Dr. John Jeffries, and Dr. John Clarke. Member of the Amer. Philos. Society. Thicker. Lloyd, JAMES, LL.D. (H.U. 1826), states man, son of the preceding, b. Boston, 1769; d. N. Y. April 5, 1831. H. U. 1787. He re ceived a mercantile training in his native city; visited Europe in 1792 ; and resided for a time in Russia. A member of the house and senate of Ms. as early as 1800. He was disring. as a U.S. senator in 1808-13 and 1822-6; and was chair, of the com. of commerce and nav. affairs, which, as he was in the minority party, evinces the estimation in which he was held. lie pub. some political tracts, ^the^ last of which relates to the British colonial intercourse ; was an able speaker ; and a member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. He resided in Phila. a few years before his death. He m. in 1809 the dau. of Samuel Breck of Philadelphia. Lloyd, THOMAS, succeeded Penn as deputy gov. of Pa. after the return of the latter to Eng. 1684-8, b. Dolobran, Montgomeryshire, Wales, 1649; d. Juty 10, 1694. Educated at Oxford; but, embracing the principles of the Friends, he accomp. Penn to America. He wai LOO 557 -LOG- an able minister, and had many disputes with the clergy and nobility of Eng. ; and also suf fered imprisonments, and "much loss of out ward substance " in his native land. He was also much exercised by the rcvilings of that "miserable apostate," George Keith, "which the Lord gave him patience to bear and over come." In 1690-93 the administra. again de volved on him, as pres. of the Council. Coll. of Quaker Memorials. Locke, DAVID Ross ("Nasby "), b. Ves tal, Broome Co., N.Y., 20 Sept. 1833. Edu cated at a common school ; learned the print er s trade in the office of the Cortland Demo crat ; was a local reporter in various Western cities^ successively editor and pub. of the Ad vertiser, Plymouth, 0. (1852), Herald, Mans field, O., Journal, Bucyrus, 0., and Jefferso- nian, Findlay, O., in which he commenced his " Nasby " letters in 1860. Since editor of the Toledo Blade. He is a successful lecturer, and as a political satirist is unequalled. Has pub. "Nasby," 1865; " Swing-in Round the Cir- kle," 1866; and"Ekkoes from Kentucky;" also a score or more of pamphlets, mostly polit ical. Locke, JANE ERMINA, poet, b. Worthing- ton, Ms., Apr. 25, 1805; d. Ashburnham, Ms., March 8, 1859. Mrs. Locke, formerly Miss Starkweather, was long a contrib. to newspa pers and periodicals. A vol. of her poems was pub. in Boston, 1842; "Rachel, or the Little Mourner," 1844; "Boston," a poem, 1846; " The Recalled, or Voices of the Past," 1855 ; and a Rhymed Eulogy on the death of Web ster the same year. She m. in 1829 JOHN G. LOCKE of Boston. They resided in Lowell from 1833 to 1849, and subsequently in Bos ton. Mr. Locke pub. in 1853 a genealogy of the Locke family; d. Boston, July 22, 1869. Locke, MATHEW, statesman, b. near Salisbury, N.C., 1730; d. there Sept. 7, 1801, Member of the Congress at Halifax, which, in 1776, framed the State constitution; also member of the legisl. which ratified the U.S. Constitution; and was M.C. in 1793-9. He also served 30 years in the legisl. ; had 4 sons in the Revol. army, and was a gen. of militia. Locke, SAMUEL, D.D. (H.U. 1773), pres. of H.U. from March 21, 1770, to Dec. 1, 1773, b. Woburn, Ms, Nov. 23, 1732; d. Sherborn, Jan. 15, 1778. H.U. 1755. A descendant of Deacon Wm., who was brought to N.E. a child in 1635, and settled in Woburn. Nov. 7, 1759, he settled in the ministry at Sherborn ; dism. Feb. 2, 1770. Sewall s Woburn. Lockwood, HENRY HALL, soldier and instructor, b. Kent Co., Del., 17 Aug. 1814. West Point, 1836. Entering the 2d Art., he served against the Seminoles in Fla., and re signed 12 Sept. 1837. Prof. math. U.S. navy 1841-61 ; and prof. nat. and exper. philos. U.S. Naval Acad., since Apr. 1866. He served at the capture of Monterey, Cal., in Oct. 1847 ; col. 1st Del. Vols. 25 May, 1861 ; brig. -gen. vols. 8 Aug. 1861. He com. an cxpecl. to the eastern shore of Va. in Nov. 1861 ; com. the defences of the Lower Potomac, Jan. -June, 1863; was engaged at Gettysburg 1-3 July, 1863 ; and in the Richmond campaign, May and June, 1864; participating in the actions near Hanover C.H., May 30-June 1 ; and com. provis. troops for defence of Baltimore against raid of rebel Gen. Early, July, 1864. Author of some military treatises. Cullum. Lockwood, JAMES, b. Nonvalk, 1714, minister of VVethersfield, Ct., from 1739 to his d. July 20, 1772. Y.C. 1735. He favored Mr. Whitefield when he visited New Eng., and declined the presidency of Princeton and Yale Colleges. He was a theologian and scholar, prudent, benevolent, and faithful. He pub. some sermons. Lockwood, SAMUEL, rommo. U.S.N., b Ct. Midshipm. July 12, 1820; lieut. 1828; com. 1850; commo. 1867. Served in 1826 in sloop " Warren," engaged in ferreting out Greek pirates; com. steamers "Petrel" and "Scourge" 1847-8; and assisted at capture of Vera Cruz, Tuspan, and Tabasco ; com. steamer " Daylight" 1861-2, blockading Wil mington and Beaufort, York River and New port News ; silenced confed. battery at Lynn- haven Bay, Va. ; and rescued a Baltimore ship, and assisted in the capture of Fort Macon ; retired 1 Oct. 1864. Hamersly. Logan (TAH-GAH-JUTE), ail eloquent Indi an chief; d. 1780, a. ab. 55. He was named Logan after James Logan, sec. of Pa. ; and was the son of Shikellaney, a celebrated Cayu- ga chief who dwelt at Shamokin on the Sus- quehanna. Subsequently to 1767, he removed to the West, where, in 1772, the Moravian mis sionary Hcckwelder met him on the Beaver River, and recognized his extraordinary capa city. He spoke English with fluency and cor rectness. Logan s family were massacred by a party of whites in the spring of 1774 ; and,*in revenge, Logan butchered men, women, and children, and took part in the battle of Point Pleasant, Oct. 10, 1774. The Indians were defeated, and sued for peace: Logan refused to attend the treaty, but sent by an interpreter, in a wampum belt, a speech of great eloquence and pathos, preserved in Jefferson s " Notes on Va." In the fall of 1779 he again resumed his onslaughts on the banks of the Holston. In June, 1780, he joined Capt. Bird of Detroit in a bloody raid into Kentucky. Not long after, at an Indian council held at Detroit, while frenzied by liquor, he felled his wife by a sudden blow. He fled, supposing he had killed her. Overtaken between Sandusky and Detroit by a troop of Indians, whom he* sup posed her avengers, he frantically exclaimed that the whole party should fall by his wea- Eons : while leaping from his horse to execute is threat, an Ind. shot him dead. See Braxtz Mayer s Disc. bef. Md. Hist. Soc. 9 May, 1851. Logan, GEN. BENJAMIN, an early pioneer of Ky., b. Pa. ab. 1742; d. Shelby Co., Ky., Dec. 11,1 802. His father, an Irishman, came to this country early in the 18th century, and set tled in Pa., but subsequently removed to Augus ta Co., Va. Young Logan, though entitled by the laws of Va. to the whole of the landed property of his father at his decease, distrib uted it between his bros., sisters, and mother. At 21 he removed to the banks of the Holston, where he purchased a farm, and married. He was a sergeant in Bouquet s exped. in 1764; and in 1774 he was in Dunmore s exped. In LOG- 558 LOG- 1775 he removed to Ky., and soon became par ticularly disting. In the spring of 1776 he took his family to a small settlement called Logan s Fort, near Harrodsburg ; here he was attacked, May 20, 1777, by a large force of In dians, through which he made his way alone, and returned with supplies for his party, who soon succeeded in driving off the foe with loss. In July, 1779, he was second in com. of an unsuccessful exped. against Chillicothe, under Col. Bowman. He was engaged in agricul tural pursuits until 1788, when he conducted an exped. against the north-western tribes, burn ing their villages, and destroying their crops. Upon his return he devoted himself to the civil affairs of the country, being a member of the convention of 1792, which framed the first con stitution of Ky. WILLIAM his son, U.S. senator 1819-20, d. Aug. 8, 1822, McCluny West. Adventure. Logan, CORNELIUS A., poet and drama tist, b. Baltimore, 1800; d. Cincinnati, Feb. 22, 1853. Educated at St. Mary s Coll. for the priesthood, disinclination to this career led him to make several voyages to Europe as a supercargo. Turning his attention to litera ture, he assisted Paul Allen in the Baltimore Chronicle; next turned theatrical critic in Plrila. : and was afterward a comedian. In 1840 he removed to Cincinnati. He was a bold defender of the stage against pulpit at tacks. His reply to a sermon by Lyman Beecher is admirable in learning as in temper. He wrote many plays, among them " The Wag of Maine," 3 acts, 1835; "The Wool- Dealer," a farce, written for Dan Marble; " Yankee Land," a comedy, 1834; "Remov ing the Deposits; " " Astarte," an adaptation of Shelley s " Cenci ; " "A Hundred Years Hence," a burlesque. His poem " The Mis sissippi," was copied in the Edinburgh Review, with a handsome tribute to the author. His daughters Eliza, Olive, and Cecilia, have achieved distinction on the stage. Logan, ELIZA, actress, b. Phila. Aug. 1830. Dau. of C. A. Logan ; educated at an acad. at Lancaster, Pa. Trained for her profession by her father, she made her d&ut Jan. 28, 1841, as NorvaJ, at the Walnut-st. Theatre, Phila. She first app. in Ne^ York at the Broadway, in June, 1850, as Pauline in " The Lady of Lyons." In 1859 she m. George Wood the manager, bought Wood s Theatre, Cincinnati, and retired from the stage. Died N.Y. City, Jan. 15, 1872. Logan, GEORGE, M.D., philanthropist, b. Stenton, Pa., Sept. 9, 1 753 ; d. there Apr. 9, 1821. Grandson of James Logan. A f ter three years study at the Med. School of Edinburgh (where he took his degree), he made a tour of the con tinent, and returned to America in 1779. He applied himself for some years to agriculture, which he was one of the* first in America to prosecute successfully in a scientific manner ; also served several terms in the legisl. ; and in June, 1798, embarked for Europe, for the purpose of attempting to avert a threatened war between America and France. Dr. Logan persuaded the French Govt. to annul the em bargo on Amer. shipping, and prepared the way for a negotiation, which terminated in peace. He was denounced by the Federalists, on his return, as the treasonable envoy of a faction ; and, in the latter part of 1798, an act, known as " Logan s Act," was passed by Con gress, making it a high misdemeanor for a private citizen to interfere in a controversy be tween the U.S. and a foreign country, in the manner he had done. U.S. senator from Pa. from 1801 to 1807. He went to Eng. in 1810, as a self-constituted agent, to attempt a recon ciliation of the difficulties between Great Britain and the U.S. ; but his mission was fruitless An active member of the Board of Agric. and of the Philosophical Society. He pub. " Ex periments on Gypsum," and on the " Rotation of Crops," in 1797. He was a member of the Society of Friends. His widow Deborah, skilled in the early history of Pa., and a mem ber of the Pa. Hist. Soc., d. Feb. 2, 1839, a. 77. Logan, JAMES, a learned writer and states man, b. Lurgan, Ireland, Oct. 20, 1674; d. Oct. 31, 1751, at Stenton, near Phila. Of Scot tish parentage. At the age of 13 he had ac quired Latin, Greek, and some Hebrew, and afterwards mastered mathematics, and the French, Italian, and Span, languages. While engaged in trade between Dublin and Bristol, Wm. Penn made proposals to hira to accom pany him to Pa. as his sec., which he accepted, and landed in Phila. in the beginning of Dec. 1699. Upon Perm s return to Eng. in 1701, he left his sec. invested with many important of fices, which he discharged with fidelity and judgment. He filled the offices of provincial sec k , commissioner of property, chief justice, and upon the demise of Gov. Gordon in Aug. 1736, governed the province for two years as pres. of the council. He was the friend of the Indians, possessed uncommon abilities, and great wisdom and moderation. His valuable library of 2,000 vols. he bequeathed ro the pub lic. Author of " Experimenta Meletemata de Plantaruin Generatione," written in 1739; of two other Latin treatises of a scientific character, pub. in Holland; of an English translation of Cicero s " De Senectate," pub. in 1744, by Bcnj. Franklin ; and of Cato s " Distichs," the latter in verse; and he left a variety of papers on ethics and philology. Logan s charges as chief justice were reprinted abroad, 4to, 1 736. WIL LIAM, his eldest son, many years in the gov ernor s council, d. June, 1801. GEORGE his grandson was a disting. philanthropist. See Memoirs of Loyan, by \V. Ar mislead; Sketch, !>y J. F. Fislier, in S parks s Franklin. Logan, JOHN ALEXANDER, soldier and senator, b. Jackson Co., 111., 9 Feb. 1S26. U. of Louisville, 1852. After receiving a common school education he served in the 1st III. regt. in the Mex. war, rising from the ranks to be lieut. and quarterm. Studied law; was ad in. to practice in 1852; made prosec. atty. 3d jud. dist. ; and was a Democ. member of the legisl., and M.C. in 1859-62; Repub. M.C. in 1867- 71 ; app. minister to Mexico in Nov. 1865, and declined; chosen U.S. senator for the term of 1871-7. He fought at Bull Run 21 July, 1861, as a private in a Mich, regt.; returned to 111. in Aug., and raised the 31st 111. Vols., which he com. at the battle of Belmont; severely wounded in the attack on Fort Donelson ; made brig. -gen. 21 Mar. 1862; afterward com. LOG- 559 the forces at Jackson, Tenn. ; maj.-gen. 29 Nov. 1862 , com. 3d div. 17th corps (McPher- son s) in theVicksburg and Atlanta campaigns ; com. with distinction the army of Tenn. after the fall of McPherson, and until relieved by Gen. Howard ; and engaged in the battles of Resaca, Kenesaw, Atlanta, and Bentonville (N.C.). He was one of the most successful of the civilian generals of the war, and is a vigorous and fluent speaker. Logan, OLIVE, actress and lecturer, dau. of C. A. Logan, b. N.Y. 1841. After prelim inary practice in the West, she made her dgbut Aug. 19, 1854, at the Arch-st. Theatre, Phila. She withdrew from the stage, and sailed for Havre in 1857. After graduating with distinc tion at an English female coll., she became a contrib. to English and French papers, and in 1860 pub. two novels, " Chateau Frisac " and " Photographs of Paris Life." Aug. 29, 1864, she re-appeared at Wallack s Theatre, N.Y., in " Eveleen," her own play. She then starred in the West and South, and re-appeared in N.Y., at the Broadway, in Nov. 1865, in the play called " Sam/ which ran nearly 100 nights. Retired from the stage in 1868, and has since lectured successfully, principally in behalf of the woman s rights movement. Married Ed mund A. Delille, Apr. 1857 ; divorced Dec. 18G5. She is a sprightly, piquant writer, and was, while upon the stage, one of its ornaments. Besides the above she has pub. " Women and Theatres," 1869, and a play. Logan, SIR WILLIAM EDMOND, Canadian geologist, b. Montreal, Apr. 23, 1798. U. of Edinburgh, 1817. In 1818 he entered the mer cantile office of his uncle in London, and be came a partner. Returning to Canada for a brief time, his attention was drawn to its geol ogy ; but from 1829 to 1838 he managed a cop per-smelting and coal-mining establishment in Swansea, South Wales, in which his uncle was interested. He studied the coal-field of that region ; and his maps and sections were adopted by the ordnance geol. survey, and pub. by the govt. He was the first to demonstrate that the stratum of undcr-clay which underlies the coal- beds was the soil in which the coal-vegetation grew. In 1841 he visited the coal-fields of Pa. and Nova Scotia, and communicated several valuable memoirs to the Geol. Society of Lon don. He was at the same time app. to the head of the geol. survey of Canada, where he still continues. He represented Canada at the Great Exhibition in London in 1851, and was made a fellow of the Roy. Society ; and was also a commiss. at the Industrial Exhibition at Paris in 1855, where he received from the Im perial Commission the grand gold medal of honor, and was created a Knight of the Legion of Honor. In 1856 he was knighted by the queen, and received from the Geol. Society the Wollaston Palladium medal, for his prominent services in geology. His pub. works will be found in his Annual Reports of the Canadian Survey, Proceedings of the British Assoc. and the Geo!. Soc., embracing important papers on the geology of Canada and the coal-districts of Pa. and N. Brunswick, beside his researches in Wales ;d. June, 1875. Lomax, JOHN TAYLOE, LL.D. (H. U. 1847), jurist, b. Port Tobago, Va., Jan. 1781. Wm. and M. Coll. 1798. In 1799 he began to study law, and in 1802 commenced practice on the Rappahannock. He was in Fredericks- burg from 1805 to 1809 ; spent the next 9 years at Menokin, Richmond Co.; and in 1813 re turned to the Fredericksburg bar, where he practised successfully. Prof, of the school of law in the U. of Va. in 1826-30 ; assoc. justice of the General Court in 1830-57. Author of a " Digest of the Law of Real Property, 1839, and " Law of Executors and Adminis trators," 1841, 2d. ed., 2 vols. 1856, greatly im proved. Long, ARMISTEAD L., brig.-gen. C.S.A. of Ga. ; killed at the battle of Peach-tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864 ; b. Va. 1826. West Point, 1850. 1st. lieut. 2d. Art. 1854 ; A.D.C. to Gen. Sumner from May 20 to his resigna tion, 10 June, 1861. Long, ELI, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Woodford Co., Ky., 27 June, 1836. Grad. Milit. School, Frankfort, Ky., 1855. 2d. lieut. 4th U.S. Cav. June 27, 1856; served against the Cheyennes in the summer of 1857, and against the Kio- was and Comanches in 1860; capt. May 24, 1861 ; engaged at Tuscumbia Creek, Chaplin Hills; wounded at Stone River; col. 4th Ohio Cav. ; com. cav. brigade, and engaged at Mur- freesboro, Tullahoma, Elk River, and Chicka- mauga ; pursuit of the Confed. Gen. Wheeler, and wounded at Farmington ; com. in raid on Knoxville and Chatt. R.R., and action of Knoxville, Tenn ; in the Atlanta campaign ; at defeat of Wheeler and Roddy ; wounded in reconnoissance on Dalton; and in raid on Lovejoy s Station ; brig.-gen. U.S. vols. Aug. 1864; com. 2d. division cavalry corps, and wounded at capture of Selma, Ala., for which brev. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Retired 16 Aug. 1867 (maj.-gen. U.S.A.), for disability from wounds. Henry, Long, GABRIEL, maj. Revol. army, b. 1751; d. Culpeper Co., Va., 3 Feb. 1827. He fought at Hampton and Norfolk in 1775 ; capt. in Morgan s Rifle Regt. in 1776 ; led the advance at Saratoga, and began the battle there; was also at Yorktown ; and was in 18 engagements of the war. Long, JOHN COLLINS, commodore U.S.N., b. Portsmouth, N.H., 1795; d. N. Conway, N.H., Sept. 2, 1865. Midshipm. 1812 ; served in " The Constitution " in her action with the British frigate "Java;" lieut. Mar. 5, 1817; com. Feb. 25, 1838; post-capt. Mar. 6, 1849; commo. retired list, July 16, 1862 ; circumnavi gated the globe while a commander in the navy; com. the frigate "Saranac" in the Mediterranean ; and conveyed Kossuth to America. In 1858 sailed in the flag-ship "Merrimack" for the Pacific. Long, COL. NICHOLAS, Revol. officer ; d. near Washington, D.C., 22 Aug. 1819, a. 55. He was active and merit, officer of dragoons in the Va. and N.C. lines of the army, and col. 43d. U.S. Inf. in the war of 1812-15. Long, PIERSE, Revol. off., b. Portsmouth, N.H., 1739; d. there Apr. 3, 1789. Pier=e his father, a native of Limerick, Ireland, was a merchant of Portsmouth (1730-40). His son was a shipping-merchant, a delegate to 560 LOIN" the prov. Congress in 1775, col. 1st N.H. regt. 1776. In the retreat from Ticonderoga, his com. was overtaken by the 9th British regt., which he defeated ; as a vol. he served at the surrender of Burgoyne; delegate to Con gress 1784-6; State councillor 1786-9; dele gate to the Const. Conv. 1788, and was app. bv Washington coll. of Portsmouth early in 1789. Long, ROBERT CARY, d. New York, 1849. Author of " Ancient Architecture of Ameri ca," Svo, 1849. He contrib. essays, entitled " Architectonics," to the N. Y. Lit. World, and a paper on Aztec Architecture to the N. Y. Hist. Soc. Trans. Allibone. Long, STEPHEN HARRIMAN, col., chief of topog. engs. U.S.A., b. Hopkinton, N.H., 30 Dec. 1784; d. Alton, 111., 4 Sept. 1864. Dart. Coll. 1809. Entering the eng. corps 12 Dec. 1814, he was assist, prof, of math, at West Point, Mar. 1815 to Mar. 1816; had charge of explorations between the Mpi. and the Kocky Mountains 1818-23, and of the sources of the Mpi. 1823-4; survey of Bait, and Ohio Railroad 1827-30; improvement of Western rivers and Lake harbors at different times ; brcv. lieut.-col. top. engs. 29 Apr. 1826; maj. 7 July, 1838; col. 9 Sept. 1861 ; and col. corps of engs. 3 Mar. 1863 ; retired 1 June, 1863. An account of his first exped. to the Rocky Mts. (of which one of the highest was named from him " Long s Peak "), by Ed win James, was pub. 1823 ; and an account of his second exped., by W. H. Keating, in 1824. His "Railroad Manual," 1829, was the first original treatise of the kind pub. in America. Member of Amer. Philos. Soc. Longacre, JAMES BARTON, engraver, b. Del. Co., Pa., 11 Aug. 1794 ; d. Phila. Jan. 1, 1869. Descended from an early Swedish set tler upon the banks of the Delaware, the fami ly name having been originally Longker. He served his apprenticeship as hist, and port, en graver with Murray of Phila., and from 1819 to 1831 was employed in illustrating some of the best works then issuing from the Amer. press. In conjunction with James Herring of N.Y., he began the pub. of the "National Port. Gallery of Disting. Americans," 4 vols. Svo, 1834-9, which he afterward continued alone. Many of the portraits in the work are from Mr. L s. drawings from life, and are ad mirably executed. During the last 25 years of his "life (1844-69) he was engraver to the U.S. Mint. The new coins struck during that period thedoubleeagle, the three-dollar-piece, the geld dollar, &c. were made by him from his own designs. One of the latest acknowl edgments of his success in this dept. was a commiss. from the govt. of Chili to superin tend the remodelling of the entire coinage of that country, a work completed a year or two before his death. Longfellow, ERNEST W., portrait, genre, and landscape painter of Boston, son of the poet Longfellow, b. Cambridge, 23 Nov. 1845. Camb. Scient. School, 1865. Studied at Paris during the winter of 1865-6, visited Italy, and returned home in the fall of 1866. After a second absence of 18 months in 1868-9, he re turned again from Europe with many sketches, and several copies made in the Louvre. He ia an artist of much promise. Longfellow, HENRY WADSWORTH, LL.D. (H. U. 1859), poet, b. Portland, Me., Feb. 27, 1807. Bowd. Coll. 1825. Son of Hon. Stephen. At an early age he produced the " Hymn of the Moravian Nuns," "The Spirit of Poetry," " Woods in Winter/ and " Sunrise on the Hills." After studying law in his father s office, he became prof, of modern languages and lit erature at Bowd. Coll.; spent 4 years (1826-30) in France, Spain, Italy, and Germany ; and was in 1835-54 prof, of modern languages and belles-lettres at H. U. He made a second Eu ropean tour in 1835-6. Shortly after connect ing himself with Harvard, he took quarters in the old Craigie House, the Washington head quarters, which he has since purchased. In his contributions to the N. A. Review, in his translation of the " Coplas de Manrique " ( 1 833 L and in his " Outre-Mer " (1835), he endeavored to cultivate a taste here for European litera ture. He pub. " Hyperion," an exquisite prose romance, and " Voices of the Night," in 1839; "Ballads and other Poems," 1841; "Poems on Slavery/ 1842; "The Spanish Student," 1843; "Poets and Poetry of Europe," 1845; "The Belfry of Bruges," 1846; "Evangeline," 1847; "Kavanagh," a novel, 1849; "Seaside and Fireside/ 1850; " The Golden Legend," 1851 ; "The Song of Hiawatha," his most pop ular work, 1855; "The Courtship of Miiea Standish," 1858 ; "Tales of a Wayside Inn," 1863; "Flower de Luce," 1866; and "New- England Tragedies," 1868. Many of his other poems are scattered through numerous periodi cals. "As a translator, he has succeeded ad mirably in preserving the spirit of the originals, and as a poet he appeals to the universal affec tions of humanity by thoughts and images de rived from original perceptions of nature and life." His works have passed through many editions, both in this country and in Eng. He has been a frequent contrib. of occasional poe try to the Atlantic Monthly. His translation of Dante (3 vols. 1867-70) is remarkable for fidel ity to the original. No poet of the U.S. is so popular and well known in Eng. Mr. Longfellow s second wife was burned to death in 1861. His son ERNEST WADSWORTH is an artist in Boston. Longfellow, REV. SAMUEL, poet, bro. of H.W., b. Portland, June 18, 1819. H.U. 1839. Ord. at Fail River, Ms., Feb. 16, 1848, afterward settled at Brooklyn, N.Y. Pub., in conjunction with Rev. Samuel Johnson, " Hymns of the Spirit," a beautiful vol. of sa cred poetry, and, with T. W. Higginson, " Tha- latta, a Book for the Seaside," 12mo, 1853 ; also author of "A Book of Hymns." Longfellow, STEPHEN, LL.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1828), lawyer and politician, b. Gorham, Me., 23 June, 1775 ; d. Aug. 2, 1849. H. U. 1 798. His ancestor Wm. of Newbury, b. Hamp shire, Eng., 1651, m. Ann Scwall in 1676, and was drowned at Anticosti 1690. He m. Zilpah Wadsworth a desc. of John Alden the Pilgrim. Adm. to the bar in 1801 ; practised with suc cess in Portland ; delegate to the Hartford Conv. in 1814 ; M.C. 1823-5 ; pres. of the Me. Hist. Soc. in 1834 ; having previously been 561 I-CO its Recording Secretary. Father of H. W. the poet, and of Eev. Samuel. Longstreet, AUGUSTUS BALDWIN, LL.D. ( Y.C. 1841 ), educator and author, son of Wm., b. Augusta, Ga., Sept. 22, 1790; d. Oxford, Mpi., 9 Sept. 1870. Y.C. 1813. He studied law at Litchfield, Ct. ; was adm. to practise 1815; represented Greene Co., Ga., in the legisl. in 1821 ; in 1822 was made judge of the Supe rior Court of Ockrnulgee circuit. Declining re election to the bench, he returned to the bar, and became especially disting. in criminal cases. An ardent State-rights man, his "Bob Short" ar deles exerted great influence in nullification times ; and he established at that time the Au gusta Sentinel. In 1838 he entered on the min istry of the M. E. Church, and in 1839 con tinued his ministrations in Augusta during a terrible epidemic Pres. of Emory Coll. in 1 839- 48 ; of Centenary Coll., La., for a short time ; of Mpi. U. until 1856; and in 1856-61 of S.C. Coll. A frequent contrib. to newspapers, magazines, and reviews. Among his best ef forts are his Inaug. at Emory Coll., his Bacca laureate at S.C. Coll. (1858), and a sermon on Infidelity. He also pub. "Letters to Clergy men of the Northern Mcth. Church " on sla very ; speech in the convention at Louisville, Ky., for organizing the South. Meth. Church; "Letters from Ga. to Ms. ; " and an able review of the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of MeCullough vs. the State of Md. As a humorous writer, he is also disting. for his " Georgia Scenes," and " Master Wm. Mitten," a novel ; and has contrib. to the Magnolia Mag azine, the Southern Lit. Messenger, the Meth. Quarter!//, and the Nineteenth Century. Longstreet, GEN. JAMES, b. S.C. 1820. West Point, 1842. Entering the 4th Inf., he became 1st lieut. 8th Inf. 23 Feb. 1847 ; was adj. in 1847-9; brev. capt. for Contreras and Churabusco 20 Aug. 1847, and major for Mo- lino del Rey 8 Sept. ; and was disting. and se verely wounded at Chapultepec ; capt. 7 Dec. 1852; paym. (rank of major) 19 July, 1858; and resigned 1 June, 1861. Made brig.-gen. Confed. army 1 Oct. 1861, having previously com the 4th" brigade of Beauregard s 1st corps at Bull Run 21 July; made maj.-gen 17 June, 1862; lieut.-gen. 8 May, 1864; and was dis ting. in all of Lee s campaigns. He was in the battles of the Peninsular campaign and that against Pope ; com. the right wing at Antie- tam, and the left at Fredericksburg, 13 Dec. 1862 ; com. the 1st corps at Chancellorsvillc, at Gettysburg, at Chickamauga, 1 9-20 Sept. 1863; in the exped. against Knoxville in Nov. 1863; rejoined Lee in Mar. 1864 ; disting. and dan gerously wounded in the battles of the Wilder ness, 6 May, 1864 ; went to the aid of Early in the Shenandoah Valley ; participated in the battles and operations of Lee s army in Va. in 1864-5; and surrendered with Lee in April, 1865. He was regarded as Lee s right hand, and was called by the soldiers " Uncle Peter." Longstreet, WILLIAM, inventor, b. N. J. ab. 1760; d. Ga. 1814. He removed to Ga. ; and ab. 1790 constructed a small model steam boat which made 5 miles per hour against the stream on the Savannah River. He next in vented the " breast roller," moved by horse power, entirely superseding the former method of ginning cotton, two of which he set up in Augusta, whieh were propelled by steam, and worked admirably. They were, however, soon destroyed by fire. He next erected steam-mills near St. Mary s, Ga., which were destroyed by the British in an invasion in the war of 1812. These disasters impoverished and discouraged him, but did not destroy his belief that steam would soon supersede all other motive-powers. Longueu.il (deh-lon -gul), PAUL JOSEPH DE, b. Canada; d. Tours, France, May 12, 1778. Son of Charles Le Moine, and bro. of Charles, second baron of Longueuil. Capt. in the troops of the marine ; com. of Detroit 1747 ; lieut.-gov. of Three Rivers, and subse quently of Quebec. He m. in Canada after 1763; and fought against the Americans in \775.-0 Callaghan. Longworth, NICHOLAS, wine manufac turer, b. Newark, N. J., Jan. 16, 1782; d. Cin cinnati, Feb. 10, 1863. In his youth he was a clerk in the store of an elder bro. in S.C. At the age of 21 he migrated to Cincinnati, then just settled ; studied law under Jacob Burnet, and, foreseeing the future growth of the place, out of his professional earnings purchased con siderable tracts of land, long since covered by the rapidly-increasing city. Retiring after 25 years practice from the oar, he devoted him self to the culture of the grape, with a view to wine manuf., but was unsuccessful until he tried the species indigenous to our soil. His Catawba and Isabella wines attained a high market-value. He had 200 acres of vineyards. He was also favorably known as a horticulturist by his experiments on the sexual character of the strawberry. He was kindly, but eccentric, giving much to those whom he called " The Devil s Poor," the vagabonds and estrays of social life. At his death, his property was estimated at nearly 15 million dollars. He pub. "Buchanan s Treatise on the Grape, with an Appendix on Strawberry-Culture by N. L." 8vo, 1852, rev. ed. 1856. Looker, OTHNIEL, acting gov. of 0. 1814, b. on L.I., N.Y., Oct. 4, 1757; d. Palestine, 111., 5 Apr. 1845. He began life as a weaver s apprentice, but by his own exertions obtained a liberal education ; served 5 years in the Revol. army, and in both branches of the legisl. of N.Y. In 1804 he removed to Hamilton Co., 0., and soon after was elected to the State senate, where he continued by re-election for many yeai-s. In 1814 he became gov. by virtue of his office as speaker of the senate, in place of Gov. R. J. Meigs ; seven years assoc. judsre C C P Loomis, ELiAS,LL.D.(U. of N.Y. 1854), physicist, b. Tolland Co., Ct., Aug. 1811. Y.C. 1830. Tutor there 1836-9. He was the first American who saw Halley s comet at its return in Aug. 1835, of which he pub. an account in the Jour, of Science. After a visit to Europe in 1836-7, he became prof, of nat. philos. in the W. Reserve Coll., O. ; from 1844 to 1859 held the same chair in the U. of N.Y. ; and succeeded Prof. Olmstead in the same chair at Y.C. 1860, which he now holds. Between 1845 and 1849 he was employed, under the direction of the supt. of the coast-survey, in determining LOO 562 the difference of longitude between N.Y. and other cities by means of the electric telegraph. The velocity of the electric current was thus first determined. He has pub. Elements of Algebra, of Geometry and Conic Sections, of Analytical Geometry, and of Differential and Integral Calculus, " Trigonometry and Tables," " Introduction to Practical Astron omy/ " Recent Progress of Astronomy," a treatise on Meteorology, on Arithmetic, and " Elements of Natural Philosophy." He has contrib. a large number of papers on astronomy, magnetism, meteorology, &c., to the Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. and to the Jour, of Science; one on storms to the Smiths. Contribs. ; and astron. papers to Gould s Astron. Journal, and to the Trans, of the Amer. Asso. for the Advance ment of Science. His son FRANCIS ENGLISH, Ph. D. (1866), Y.C. 1864, is prof, of physics at Cornell U. University. Loomis, GUSTAVUS, brev. brig.-gen.U.S. A.,b.Thetford,Vt.,Sep. 23, 1789. W.Pt.,1811. Lieut, of art. Mar. 1, 1811 ; capt. 7 Apr. 1819; maj. 2d. Inf. July 17, 1838 ; lieut.-col. 6th Inf. Sept. 22,1840; col. 5th Inf. Mar. 9, 1851 ; brev. brig.-gen. Mar. 13, 1865 ; retired June 1, 1863. At the cap. of Ft. George, U.C., 27 May, 1813 ; was captured at Fort Niagara, 19 Dec. 1813 ; and was at the battle of Okeechobee, Fla., 25 Dec. 1837. D. Stratford, Ct., 6 Mar. 1872. Loornis, REV. JUSTIN R., L.L.D., prof, of chemistry and geology at Lewisburg U., Pa. ; pres. since 1859; b. Bennington, N.Y., 1810. Author of "Elements of Geology," 1852; " Anatomy and Physiology," 1853. Lopez, DON FRANCISCO SOLANO, dictator of Paraguay, b. Asuncion, Paraguay, 24 July, 1827; killed in battle, 1 Mar. 1870. Educated in Europe. Minister to France 1853-62, nego tiating treaties with Eng., France, and Sardinia. Assumed the presidency on the death of his father Carlos Antonio, 10 Sept. 1862. He declared war against Brazil in Dec. 1864, and com. his army in person with varying success, prolonging the contest until his resources were exhausted, and his country ruined. His defence of Humaita was desperate and brilliant ; and he contested the ground inch by inch against overwhelming numbers. See Washburne s Parar/uay. Lopez, NARCISO, Cuban revolutionist, b. Venezuela, 1799; garrotted at Havana, Sept. 20, 1851. His father conducted a commercial house at Caracas, a branch of which, at Va lencia in the interior, was placed under the charge of Narciso, when quite young. During the troubles of 1814, he sided with, the popular party, but enlisted in the Spanish army, in which he was a col., in 1 822. After the Spanish evacuated Venezuela, Lopez went to Cuba, where he established himself, soon making him self conspicuous by his advocacy of liberal prin ciples. During the first Carlist troubles, he was in Madrid on private business, and, joining the royalist party, was honored by the queen, but threw up his offices, including that of senator for Seville, after the refusal of the Cortes to admit the representatives of Cuba. On his return, he was employed by Gov.-Gen. Valdes in various capacities; also turned his atten tion to the exploration of copper mines. In 1849 Lopez came to the U.S., and organized the force which made the attempt at an invasion known as the Round Island exped. In Aug. 1851 he again landed in Cuba at Bahia Honda, but after a brief contest was captured and exe cuted. Loras, MATHIAS, D.D., R.C. bishop of Dubuque, consec. July 28, 1837 ; d. Feb. 19, 1858. Lord, BENJAMIN, D.D. (Y.C. 1774), min ister of Norwich, Ct., from Oct. 1717, to his d. Mar. 31,1784, a. 90. Y.C. 1714. Tutor there 1715-16. He pub. a Half-Century Discourse Nov. 29, 1767, and some sermons. Sprague. Lord, DANIEL, LL.D. (Y.C. 1846), an emi nent lawyer of N.Y. City, b. Stonington, Ct., Dec. 1794 ; d. N.Y. City, March 4, 1868. Y.C. 1814. He studied law at Litchfield ; was admitted to the bar in 1817 ; became thorough ly versed in commercial law ; and acquired a very large practice and great wealth. He was employed in most of the cases involving large moneyed interests for a period of 50 years. Lord, ELEAZAR, LL.D. (U. of N.Y. 1866), author arid philanthropist, b. Franklin, Ct., 9 Sept. 1788; d. Piermont, N.Y., 3 June, 1871. Received the hon. degree of A.M. from Dartm. in 1821, and from Wms. Coll. in 1827. Rufus, Thomas, and David N., well-known merchants of N.Y., were his bros. He studied at Ando- ver ; removed to N.Y. in 1809; pub. a pam phlet which led to the formation of the Amer. and other educational societies ; entered the ministry in 1812, and, after 2 years of occasion al preaching, was compelled by weakness of the eyes to abandon professional study. To wards the end of 1815, ho took the lead in found ing the N.Y. S.S. Union Soc., of which he was corresp. sec. in 1818-26, and pres. in 1826-36 ; also assisting in the formation of the Home and Foreign Missionary, and other philanthropic societies. In 1817-18 he was in Europe, where he enjoyed the acquaintance of many (listing. men. After his return, he engaged in banking in N. Y. City ; advocated the protection of Amer. manufactures, and induced Henry Clay to investigate the subject more fullv than he had done, and to avow himself in opposition to free-trade. Founder of the Manhattan Ins. Co., and its pres. in 1821-34; he introduced important changes in the whole system of in surance. Prominent, also, in establishing the Erie Railroad, and its pres. from its organiza tion until 1845, managing its affairs with scru pulous fidelity. In his" Principles of Curren cy and Banking," 1829, 3d ed. 1835, he rec ommended the system adopted in 1838 in N.Y., and afterward in several other States, known as the "free-banking system." He also assist ed in founding the theol. seminaries at Au burn and at E. Windsor, and in establishing the U. of N.Y., of which he was for many years a trustee. Removing to Piermont in 1836, he devoted himself to the composition of theol. works, among which are, " Geology and Scriptural Cosmogony," 1843 ; " Tfie Epoch of Creation," 1851 ; "The Messiah in Moses and the Prophets," 1853; "Symbolic Prophecy," 1854 ; " Plenary Insp. of the Holy Scriptures," 1857 ; " The Prophetic office of Christ," 1858; "Analysis of the Book of LOR 563 LOS Isaiah," 1861, &c. In 1861 he pub. a " Letter on National Currency," addressed to the sec. of the treas., recommending the estab lishment of a free-banking system; and in 1865 articles on the currency in the Internal Revenue Recorder. He edited Lempriere s " Biograph ical Dictionary," adding selections from, Watkins, and some 800 original articles of Amer. biog., mostly prepared for the press by his bro. David N., and pub. 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y., 1825. He was an accomplished scholar, an upright and liberal man, and a successful pro jector of comprehensive schemes for the public good. Lord, NATHAN, D.D., LL.D., clergyman, b. S. Berwick, Me., Nov. 28, 1793 ; d. Hanover, N.H., Sept. 9, 1870. Bowd. Coll. 1809; And. Theol. Sem. 1815. Two years an assist, at Phillips Exeter Acad. ; ord. pastor of the Cong, church, Amherst, N.H., May 22, 1816; and from Oct. 29, 1828, to July, 1*863, was pres. of Dartin. Coll. Dr. Lord had a high reputation as a pulpit orator ; in theology he was of the school of Edwards, Hopkins, and Bellamy, and inclined to a literal interpretation of the proph ecies. As a college president he possessed the qualifications of superior scholarship, great ex ecutive ability, remarkable firmness of charac ter and devotion to principle, unwearied appli cation to labor, equanimity of temper, and a winning address. During his pres. 1,824 pu pils were grad. He has contrib. to theol. re views, and pub. numerous sermons, as well as essays on theol. and ethical topics ; among them are a " Letter to Rev. Daniel Dana, D.D., on Prof. Park s Theology of N. Eng.," 1852; Inaug. Address at Hanover, 29 Oct. 1828; an essay on the "Millennium;" and two " Letters to Ministers of the Gospel of all Denominations on Slavery," 1854-5, in which he endeavored to prove from the Bible the lawfulness of slavery. His views of slavery called forth severe criticism and bitter denun ciation. He also edited (12mo, 1850) a selec tion from the sermons of his son JOHN T KING, minister at Cincinnati, who d. there 13 July, 1849, a. 30. Lord, WILLIAM W., rector of an Episc. church, Vicksburg, Mpi., b. Western N.Y. ab. 1818. Author of poems, N.Y., 12mo, 1845; " Christ in Hades," an epic poem, 12mo, 1851 ; " Andre ," a tragedy, N.Y. 1856. Loring, CHARLES GREELEY, LL.D. (H.U. 1850), lawyer, b. Boston, May 2, 1794; d. Beverly, Oct. 8, 1867. H.U. 1812. Long a recognized leader of the Boston bar; actuary Ms. Hosp. Life Ins. Co. from 1857 to his d. ; member Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, and of the Ms. Hist. Soc. He delivered the 4th of July oration before the town authorities of Boston in 1821, and an address, Feb. 26, 1845, before the Mercantile Library Association ; author of " Memoir of Hon. Wm. Sturgis," 1864; and "Neutral Relations of Eng. and the U.S.," 1863. Loring, ELLIS GRAY, lawyer and philan thropist; d. Boston, May 24, 1858, a. 52. He early connected himself with the antislavery movement, and disting. himself by his legal ability in the celebrated case of the slave-girl Mcd. in the Ms. Supreme Court. Loring, ISRAEL, author and clergyman b. Hull, Apr. 15, 1682 ; d. March 9, 1772. H.U. 1701. Ord. pastor of the church in Sud- bury, Nov. 20, 1706. Mr. Loring was one of the readiest writers of his day, and pub. a number of occasional sermons. He was an ardent temperance-reformer, and was often called out on great occasions. N. E. H. and Gen. Reg., vii. 328. Loring, JAMES SPEAR, b. Boston, 6 Aug. 1799. Resides in Brooklyn, N.Y. ; 30 years a bookseller in Boston ; and a contrib. of histor ical and biographical articles to the " N. E. H. and G. Reg. ; " author of " The Hundred Bos ton Orators," 8vo, Boston, 1852. JAMES his father, 55 years a printer and bookseller of Boston, b. Hull, Ms., 22 July, 1770, d. 9 July, 1850. He ed. the Christ. Watchman, and pub. the Ms. State Register 1800-48. His an cestor Deacon Thomas came from Dover, Eng., to Hingham, 22 Dec. 1634. Loring, JOSHUA, capt. British navy, b. Ms.; d. Highgate, Eng., 1781. Made capt. R.N. Dec. 19, 1757; com. in the naval opera tions on Lakes George and Champlain in 1759, and on Lake Ontario in 1760, in which year he accomp. Amherst to Montreal. His son, Joshua, jun., app. high sheriff of Ms. in 1768, was afterward town-rnaj. ; left Boston with theBritish troops in March, 1776. The estates, at Jamaica Plain, of Joshua Loring, manda mus counsellor, were confiscated by the State of Ms. in 1779. Sir John Wentworth Loring, his son, was b. 13 Oct. 1775 : another son, Henry Lloyd, d. archdeacon of Calcutta in 1832. JOSEPH, son of Capt. Joshua, b. N.Y. 1744, commiss. of prisoners British army in Amer. 1777-83, d. Englefield, Eng., Aug. 1789. Loring, WILLIAM W., gen. C.S. A., b. N.C. ab. 1815. App. lieut. com. adetachmentof vols. in Florida war (1835-42) ; capt. mounted rifles, May 27, 1846; maj. Feb. 16, 1847; com. his regt, in the battles in Mexico ; brev. lieut.-col. for battles of Con treras and Churubusco, Aug. 20,1 847; brev.col. for battle of Chapultepec, Sept. 13, 1847; severely wounded at assault on De Belen Gate, losing an arm; lieut.-col. Mar. 15, 1848; col. Dec. 30, 1856; com. Gila exped., and disting. in conflict with Mogollan Indians, N. Mexico, May 24, 1857; resigned May 13, 1861 ; app. a brig.-gen. Confed.army, and subsequently maj.-gen. In Sept. 1862 he com. the forces in Western Va., but was recalled a month later ; com. a division of Johnston s army in the opera tions around Vicksburg in 1863; and at the battle of Champion Hills com. the right of Pemberton s army ; afterward joined Bragg at Chattanooga. Lorini, VIRGINIA (WHITING), primadon- na, b. Boston ; d. Santiago de Cuba, Feb. 28, 1865. Her father was a popular comedian, formerly of New York. She was m. to Sig. Lorini by whom she left several children. Losada (lo-sa -da), DiEGO,a Spanish officer who conquered the native tribes of Venezuela, and founded Santiago de Leon ; d. 1569. Loskiel, GEORGE HENRY, a Moravian bishop, b. Courland, Nov. 7, 1740; d. Feb. 23, 1814. Ord. deacon May 22, 1768; presb. Mar. 19, 1775; bishop at Hernhutt, March 14, 1802 In 1802 he was sent to America as the supt. of LOS 564 the Moravian churches, and pastor of the church at Bethlehem. Author of a " History of the Mis sion of the United Brethren among" the Indians in N.A.," Lond. 1794, 8vo, and also of a devo tional manual entitled " Etivas faerz Herz." Lossing, BENSON JOHN, author and artist, b. Beekman, N.Y., Feb. 12, 1813. A.M. of Ham. coll. 1856. Educated at a dist. school, and in 1826 was apprenticed to a watchmaker in Pou<ihkeepsie, subsequently becoming a part ner. Relinquishing this business in the autumn of 1835, he became joint owner and editor of the Powjkkeepsie Telegraph, and also pub. the Casket, A semi-monthly journal, in 1836-41. He next studied drawing ; and in 1838 settled in N.Y. City as an engraver on wood, and at the same time edited and illustrated the Family Magazine. He pub. " An Outline History of the Fine Arts" in 1841; "1776," illus trated, 1852; in 1848 "Lives of the Signers; " and in 1848-9 edited the You) i< / People s Mir ror. His " Pictorial Field-Book of the Revo lution" (1850-2), 2 vols. 8vo, is a work of great value ; the author having visited and sketched every important battle-field of the Revolution. Among his other works is an illustrated "History of the U. S.," 1854-6; " Our Countrymen, or Brief Memoirs of Emi nent Americans," 1855-7; " Primary History of the U.S.," 1857; "Mount Vernoh and its Associations," 1869; "Life and Times of Phi lip Schuyler," 2 v. 1860-2; " Life of Washing ton," 3 vols. 8vo; "Lives of the Presidents of the U.S.;" "The New World;" "The Ohio Book;" "The Cenotaph," 1855; "Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812," 8vo, 1868; an ed. of " The Old Farm and the New Farm," by Hopkinson, with introd. notes and illusts. 1857 ; " History of the Rebellion," 3 vols. 1866- 8 ; " Vassar Coll. and its Founder," 1867. He has been a frequent contrib. to the periodical literature of the day ; has furnished for Harper s Magazine a series of illustrated articles on American Biography ; and a series of articles to the Lond. Art Journal, entitled " The Hud son from the Wilderness to the Sea," illustrat ed with his own drawings. Jan. 1, 1872, The, Amer, Hist. Record, a monthly hist, magazine, to be edited by him is announced to appear. He resides at Dover Plains, N. Y. Lothrop, SAMUEL KIRKLAND, D.D. (H. U. 1852), b. Utica, N.Y., Oct. 13, 1804. H.U. 1825. Ord. Dover, N.H., Feb. 18, 1829;inst. pastor Brattle-street Church, Boston, June 18, 1834. Author of Life of Samuel Kirkland, in Sparks s "Amer. Biog." 2d ser. vol. 1 "> ; " Hist. Brattle-st. Church," 12mo, Bost. 1851 ; "Pro ceedings of an Eccl. Council," in the case of Rev. John Pierpont, 1841 ; and occas. sermons and addresses. Loudon, JOHN CAMPBELL, 4th earl, b. 1705; d. 27 Apr. 1782. Succeeded hfs father Hugh in Nov. 1731. In July, 1756, he arrived in Va. with the app. of gov. and also a comrniss. as com.-in-chief of the British forces in Amer. Dinwiddie, however, took charge of Va. affairs ; and Loudon, who was inefficient, returned to Eng. in 1757; was made lieut.-gen. in 1758; gen. in 1770. Loiltre, Louis JOSEPH DE LA, a French missionary, sent to Canada in 1737 by the Society of Foreign Missions, and headed the Acadians and Micmacs in an attack on Annap olis in 1744. He resided near Messagouche, now Fort Lawrence, N.S. The English offered a reward for him in 1745. Revisiting France, he was intrusted with a large sum of mone^ for the improvement of his mission ; and on his return was app. vicar-gen, of Acadia. After ruining the neutral French by his unwise coun sels, he abandoned them in the hour of their dis tress, fled in disguise before the surrender of Fort Bcausejour, and, arriving at Quebec, was bit terly reproached by the bishop, and embarked for France, Aug. 1757. On the passage he fell into the hands of the British, and was confined 8 years in the Island of Jersey. O Callayhan. Lovejoy, ELIJAH PARISH, an antislavery editor, b. Albion, Me., Nov. 9, 1802; murdered by a mob at Alton, 111., Nov. 7, 1837. Waterv. Coll. 1826. Daniel his father was a Presb. preacher. Elijah, in 1827, established a school in St. Louis, and in 1829 became editor of a political journal, but in 1832 studied theol. at Princeton, N.J. ; ord. by the Phila. presb. in 1833 ; he began to pub. the St. Louis Observer, in which he attacked slavery ; and, in conse quence, his office was mobbed in July, 1836. Re-establishing his paper at Alton, his press was again destroyed in Aug. 1837 ; he procured another, which was destroyed in Sept., and a third, which Lovejoy and his friends armed themselves to defend. Attacked by a mob on the night of Nov. 7, Lovejoy shot one of his assailants, and was himself shot dead, A Me moir was pub. in New York in 1838 by his bros., Joseph C. and Owen, with an Introduc tion by John Quincy Adams. See Poets and Poetry of the West, for specimens of his Verse. Lovejoy, OWEN, antislavery orator and politician, b. Albion, Me., Jan. 6, 1811 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., March 25, 1864. He worked on his father s farm until 18, and, after leaving Bowd Coll., emigrated to Alton, 111., where his bro. edited an antislavery paper. He was present when Elijah was murdered, and from that day devoted himself to the overthrow of slavery. He soon after entered the ministry, and was pastor of a Cong, church in Princeton, 111. (1838-54). In spite of the law forbidding them, he held antislavery meetings at various points, and was ofcen arrested and fined. He was in the legisl. in 1854, and M.C. from 18o6 till his death. Lovelace, COL. FRANCIS, gov. of N.Y. 1668- July 30, 1673, second son of Richard. Baron L. of Hurley, Berks Co., Eng. Col. L. administered thegovt. to the satisfaction of all. He was active in settling Ulster Co., where he laid out the town of Hurley. His grandson, the 4th lord L., d. gov. of N.Y. May 12, 1709. Callaghan. Lovell,CnARLEsS.,brev.brig.-gen.U.S.A., b. Ms., 1812; d. Louisville, Ky., Jan. 3, 1871. Private 2d U.S. Art. Jan. 1831 ; 2d lieut. 6th Inf. Oct. 13, 1837; capt. June 18, 1846, and engaged at the battles of Churubusco, Molino del Rey, Chapultepec, and city of Mexico ; moj. 10th Inf. May 14, 1861 ; in the Peninsular campaign Mar. to June, 1862; com. brigado at battles of Malvern Hill, Gaines s Mill, second Bull Run, Antietam, and Fredericksburg, oarn 3LOV 565 LOW ing brev r ets of Heut.-col., col., and brig. -gen. U.S.A.; lieut.-col. 18th Inf. Jan. 21, 1863; col. 14th Inf. Feb. 16, 1865 ; retired Dec. 1870. Lovell, JAMES, patriot of the Revol., b. Bost., Oct. 31, 1737 ; d. Windham, Me., July 14, 1814. H.U. 1756. Son of "Master Lovell." Usher of the Latin School 1757-75, and was also master of the North Grammar, now the Eliot School. He delivered April 2, 1771, the oration before the town authorities on the Boston Massacre ; was imprisoned by Gage immediately after the battle of Bunker s Hill; was conveyed to Halifax with the British army, and kept in close confinement until exchanged for Gov. Skene in Nov. 1776. Member Cont. Congress Dec. 1776-82; receiver of taxes 1784- 8; coll. of the port of Boston 1788-9; and naval officer 1790-1814. He pub. some tracts. His son Maj. JAMES, b. July 9, 1758, d. St. Mathews, S.C., July 10, 1850 (H.U. 1776), was adj. in II. Jackson s Ms. rcgt. 1776-9; afterwards adj. of Lee s Legion ; and present in many battles of the Revol., from Lexington to Eutaw. Loriny s Boston Orators. Lovell, JOHN, schoolmaster, b. Boston, June 16, 1710; d. Halifax 1778. H.U. 1728. He entered the Latin School 1717; became uglier 1729 ; and was principal from 1734 until Apr. 19, 1775, when the school was dispersed by the siege of the town. Being a zealous loyalist, he embarked with the British troops for Halifax, March 14, 1776. Efe was an ex cellent classical scholar, and, though a rigid disciplinarian, was a humorous and agreeable companion. He delivered the first pub. address in Fancuil Hall, Mar. 14, 1743, on the death of the donor, dedicating it "to the interests of truth, of justice, of loyalty, of honor, of liberty." His portrait, by Smibert, is in the gallery of paint ings at H.U. He wrote some political, poetical, and theological pieces, and contrib. to the Pietaset Gmtulatio, 1761. Lovell, JOSEPH, M.D., surgeon-gen, of the U.S.A., b. Boston, Dec. 22,1788; d. Washing ton, D.C., Oct. 17, 1836. H.U. 1807. Son of the patriot James Lovell. App. Apr. 1812, surgeon of the 9th Inf., served on the Niagara frontier, and was there hospital surgeon. In Sept. 1818 he was placed at the head of the med. dept. of the service. Sept. 1817, he m. E. Mansfield. Lovell, MANSFIELD, gen. C.S.A., son of the preceding, b. D.C. about 1822. West Point, 1842. Entering the 4th Art.* he be came 1st lieut. Feb. 16, 1847; served as aide to Gen. Quitman in the Mexican war ; was brev. capt. for gallantry at Chapultepec, where he was wounded ; was wounded again at the Bclen Gate, and resigned Dec. 18, 1854, with his friend G. W. Smith (afterward a Con fed. gen.), in order to join Gen. Quitman s projected Cuban exped. Smith and Lovell, who were to have held important commands in the Cuban army, were employed, after the failure of that project, in connection with Messrs. Cooper and Hewitt s iron-works, Trenton, N.J. In 1858 Smith was made street-commissioner of New York, and Lovell became his deputy. He was at the same time captain of an art. com pany known as the City Guard. Early in 1861 he was made a brig.-gen., then a maj.-gen.; Oct. 9, 1861, was given the com. at New Oi lcans, where he remained until driven out by the Union forces under Admiral Farragut and Gen. Butler in the following April ; in May, 1862, he joined Beauregard at Corinth; suc ceeded to the com. of Folk s Corps, 14 June, and repulsed Sherman at Kenesaw 27 June, 1864. Lovewell, CAPT. JOHN, b. Dnnstable, N.H. ; d. May 8, 1725. Son of John, an ensign in Cromwell s army, who d. in Dun- stable, aged 120. John, at the head of a com pany of vols., led several successful expeds. against the Indians in 1724-5, but May 8, 1725, encountered a party of them under the celebrated Faugus, and was killed at the first fire. A long and mournful ballad commemo rates this event. His bro. ZACCHEUS, col. of a N.H. regt. in the French war (1758-63), b. 24 July, 1701, d. 12 Apr. 1772. See Expeds. of Capt. L., ed. by F. Kidder, 1865. Low, ISAAC, merchant of New York ; d. Eng. 1791. At first a prominent Whig, but afterwards a loyalist refugee ; was a member of the first Cont. Congress; an active mem ber of the com. of corresp. ; member of the N.Y. Frov. Congress of 1775, but was arrested in 1776 on suspicion of holding corresp. with the enemy. In 1782 he was pres. of the N.Y. Chamber of Commerce. He was attainted, his property was confiscated, and he went to Eng. His son Isaac became a commiss. gen. in the British army. Sabine. Lowe, COL. JOHN WILLIAMSON, b. New Brunswick, N. J., Nov. 15, 1809; killed at Carnifex Ferry, Va., Sept. 10, 1861. During the Mexican war he com. the 4th Ohio regt. When the civil war began he was practising law at Xenia, O., but took com. of the 12th O. regt., and in Cox s brigade operated on the Kanawha River, fighting the battle which cleared the Kanawha Valley of Confed. sol diers. LOW, SAMUEL, poet, b. Dec. 12, 1765. Pub. at New York, in 1800, 2 vols. of poems, containing an ode and other verses on Wash ington, patriotic and social pieces, and a de scriptive poem of some length on winter. Duyckinck. Lowell, ANNA CABOT, b. Boston. Has pub. " Theory of Teaching," 1841 ; " Edward s First Lessons in Grammar," 1843 ; " Gleanings from the Poets," 1843 ; " Edward s First Les sons in Geometry," 1844 ; " Olympic Games," 1845; " Outlines of Astronomy," 1850; "Let ters to Madame Pulksky," 1852; "Thoughts on the Education of Girls," 1853; "Seed- Grain for Thought and Discussion," 2 vols., 1856 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 6, 1873, a. 62. Lowell, CHARLES, D.D. (H.U. 1823), clergyman, son of Judge John, b. Boston Aug." 15, 1782 ; d. Cambridge, Jan. 20, 186L H.U. 1800. His ancestor, Percival of Bristol, Eng., settled in Newbury, Ms., in 1639, d. there 1665. His early education was received at Medford and at Andover Acad. He began to study law in Boston, but soon turned his attention to theology. In 1802 he visited Europe ; studied two years at Edinburgh, and returned to the U.S. in 1805. Jan. 1, 1806, he was settled as minister of the West (Cong.) LOW 566 LOW Church in Boston, where he continued till his death. In 1837-40 he travelled extensively in Europe and the East. He pub. 2 vols. of sermons (Boston, 1855), besides many occa sional discourses. Father of J. R. and R. T. S. Lowell. Lowell, BRIG.-GEN, CHARLES RUSSELL, b. Boston, Jan. 2, 1835 ; d. near Middletown, Va., Oct. 20, 1864, of wounds in the battle of Cedar Creek. H.U. 1854. Grandson of Rev. C harles. He was employed some time in steel and iron works, and on the Burlington and Mo. River Railroad, and in the spring of 1861 was superintending iron-works in the Cumber land Valley, Md. When the Rebellion broke out, he was one of the first to offer his services. Capt. 6th Cav. May 14, 1861 ; served on the staff of Gen. McClellan, until in Nov. 1862, he organized the 2d Ms. Cav., and was made its col. Apr. 15, 1863. He saw much service in Va., much of the time having a brigade of cav. under him; and was actively engaged in pursuing Mosby s Guerillas. Made brig. gen. Oct. 19, 1864, on Gen. Sheridan s recommen dation, for services in the Shenandoah Valley. He was a man of much culture and soldierly capacity. JAMES JACKSON, a younger bro., d. near Richmond, Va., July 4, 1862, of a wound .it Glendale. H.U. 1858. Lowell, FRANCIS CABOT, merchant, son of Judge John, b. Newburyport, Apr. 7, 1775 ; d. Boston, Aug. 10, 1817. H.U. 1793. In fluential in introducing the cotton manuf. into the U.S., by the establishment. at Waltham, Ms., and by procuring the protective clause in the tariff act. The city of Lowell was named for him. Lowell, JAMES RUSSELL, poet, son of Rev. Charles, b. Cambridge, Ms., Feb. 22, 1819. H.U. 1838; Camb. Law School, 1840. Adm. to the bar in 1840, and opened an of fice in Boston, but soon devoted himself en tirely to literature. In 1841 he pub. a vol. of poems entitled " A Year s Life." In 1843, in conjunction with Robert Carter, he pub. 3 nos. of The Pioneer, a literary and critical maga zine. He pub. another vol. of " Poems " in 1844; in 1845 a vol. of prose entitled "Con versations on some of the Old Poets :" a sec ond series of his poems in 1848 obtained great popularity among the opponents of slavery. He also pub. in 1848 "The Vision of Sir Launfal," a poem, and "The Biglow Papers," a witty and humorous political satire. In 1848 also appeared anonymously "A Fable for Critics," an ingenious rhymed essay upon the principal living American authors. Be tween July, 1851, and Dec. 1852, Mr. Low ell was travelling in Europe. In the winter of 181)4-5 he delivered at the Lowell Institute a course of lectures on the British Poets. After a year, chiefly passed in study at Dresden, he returned home in Aug. 1855, and succeeded Mr. Longfellow as prof, of modern languages and belles-lettres at H.U. Mr. Lowell has written much for the N.A. Review, Putnam s Monthly, the London Daily News, the National Anti- slavery Standard, and other periodicals ; and in 1857-62 edited the Atlantic Monthly. Several editions of his poems have appeared in Eng. He has also pub. "Fireside Travels," 1864; a new series of " The Biglow Papers ; " and in 1863, in connection with Charles E. Norton, undertook the editorship of the N.Amer. Re view. " The Cathedral," a poem, appeared in the Atlantic in 1869 ; " Under the Willows and Other Poems," 1869; and in 1870 "Among my Books ; " and "My Study Windows." His wife, MARIA (WHITE), poetess, b. Watertown, Ms., July 8, 1821, d. Cambridge, Oct. 27, 1853. A vol. of her poems was privately printed in Cambridge, 1855. Lowell, JOHN, LL.D. (H.U. 1792), jurist and statesman, b. Newbury, Ms., June 17, 1743; d. Roxbury, Ms., May 6, 1802. H.U. 1760. Son of Rev. John, minister of New buryport in 1726-67. Adm. to the bar in 1762, he soon became eminent, and removed to Boston in 1777. In 1776 he was a member of the legisl. and an officer of militia ; member of the legisl. from Boston in 1778; delegate to the State Const. Conv. in 1780 ; member of the Old Congress 1782-3; a commiss. to establish the boundary-line between Ms. and N.Y. in 1784 ; judge of the Court of Appeals in 1783-9; of the U.S. Dist. Court, for Ms. in 1789-1801 ; and in 1801 chief justice of the Circuit Court for Me., N.H., Ms., and R.I. ; member of the com. by which the constitution of Ms. was draughted, and inserted in the " Bill of Rights " the clause declaring that "all men are born free and equal," for the avowed purpose of abolishing slavery in Ms. At the bar he was the formidable rival and fre quent competitor of Theophilus Parsons. He was active in establishing the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, before which he delivered an ora tion on the death of Pres. Bowdoin, Jan. 26, 1795, prefixed to the 2d vol. of its Memoirs. Author of an English poem (no. 3) in the Pie- tas et Gratulatio, 1761. Some of his Letters are in the Hist. Mag., vol. i. Lowell, JOHN/ LL.D. (H.U. 1814), law yer and author, b. Newburyport, Ms., 6 Oct. 1769; d. Boston, 12 Mar. 1840. H.U. 1786. Son of Judge John. Adm. to the bar in 1789, and practised successfully until 1803, when he visited Europe. After his return he wrote, under a variety of signatures, upon politics, agriculture, theology, and other topics for the press, and pub. some 25 pamphlets. He at tacked with great severity the supporters of the war of 1812, and exerted a great influence upon public opinion in Ms., but would never take office; a founder of the Ms. Gen. Hos pital, the Boston Athenaeum, the Savings Bank, and the Hospital Life-Insurance Co., and many years pres. of the Ms. Agric. Soc. He possessed, said Mr. Everett, "colloquial powers of the highest order," and wielded "an accurate, elegant, and logical pen." Lowell, JOHN, Jun., founder of the Low ell Institute at Boston, b. there May 11, 1799; d. Bombay, March 4, 1836. Son of Francis Cabot. Educated at the High School of Edin burgh, and at H.U. until in 1815 his poor health compelled him to make a tour abroad. He spent a few years in commercial pursuits ; but in 1831, having inherited a fortune, he was able to indulge his strong passion for trav elling. He was a superior scholar, and pos sessed one of the best private libraries in Amer- LOW 567 LUC iea. He bequeathed ab. $250,000 to main tain forever in his native city annual courses of free lectures on natural and revealed re ligion, physics and chemistry, with their ap plication to the arts, botany, zoology, geology, and mineralogy, philology, literature, and elo quence. This establishment, " The Lowell Institute," went into operation in the winter, of 1839-40. Lowell, ROBERT TRAILL, SPENCE, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1864), author, son of Rev. Charles, b. Boston, Oct. 9, 1816. H.U. 1833. His early education was received at Round Hill School, Northampton. In 1842 he was ord. a clergyman of the Church of Eng. by the bishop of Newfoundland and Bermuda, to whom he was chaplain, first at Bermuda, and then at Newfoundland, where he was for some years rector of Bay Roberts. He was afterward rec tor of Christ Church, Newark, N.J. ; was subse quently settled in Duanesburg,N.Y., and was still later head master of St. Mark s School, Southborough, Ms. In 1858 he pub. at Bos ton a novel of Newfoundland life and scenery, " The New Priest in Conception Bay," a new ed. of which, illustrated by Darley, app. in 1863; and in 1860 "Fresh Hearts that failed 3,000 Years ago, and other Poems." Lowndes, RAWLINS, lawyer and states man, b. British W. Indies, 1722 ; d. Charles ton, S.C., Aug. 24, 1800. He was educated in Charleston, where his parents settled when he was very young. He practised law with great success ; in 1766 was app. by the crown associate judge; in 1775 he was one of the com. of safety ; in 1776 he was one of a com. to draught a constitution for the province, and subsequently a member of the legislative coun cil. Elected pres. of the province in 1778, he exerted himself energetically in its defence, but was unable to prevent the capture of Charleston, and was himself for some time a prisoner. As a member of the S.C. legisl. he strenuously opposed the adoption of the Federal Constitu tion, objecting to the restrictions which it im posed upon the slave-trade, to the clause giving power to Congress to regulate commerce, and to the centralization of power in the Federal Govt. He closed one of his speeches against it thus : " I wish no other epitaph than this, Here lies one who opposed the Federal Con stitution, holding it to be fatal to the liberties of his country. " THOMAS his son, M. C. 1800-5, disting. for talent and eloquence in de bate, b. Charleston, 1765, d. there July 8, 1843. Lowndes, WILLIAM JONES, LL.D. (Col. Coli. 1822), son of Rawlins, statesman, b. Charleston, S.C., Feb. 7, 1782 ; d. at sea, Nov. 27, 1822. From his 7th till his 10th year he was educated in Eng., completing his prepara tory studies under Dr. Gallaher; he was grad. at Charleston Coll. ; studied law with Chancel lor De Saussure, and was adm. to the bar in 1804, having previously m. Elizabeth, dau. of Gen. Thomas Pinckney. He was in the Gen eral Assembly of S.C. from 1806 to 1810, and was M.C. in" 1810-22. He co-operated with the Republican party of his time ; was a sup porter of the war of 1812; a frequent speaker upon subjects of importance ; and was chair man of the com. of ways and means from 1818 to 1822. Lowrey, GEORGE, Cherokee chief, b. on the Ten n. River, ab. 1770; d. Oct. 20, 1852. He was one of the delegates who visited Wash ington in 1791 and at the treaty of 1819; a member of the conv. which framed the consti tution of the nation in 1827, and was elected assist, principal chief. He sustained various offices, and was an honest man and a pure pa triot. He wrote a tract on temperance in Cher okce, and assisted in translating the Scriptures. Lowrie, WALTER, statesman, b. Edinburgh, 10 Dec. 1784; d. N.Y.City, 14 Dec. 1868. In 1791 his parents settled in Armstrong Co., Pa. Walter acquired a good education ; for many years represented Butler Co. in the State le gisl.; was U.S. senator 1819-25; sec. U.S. senate 1825-36 ; and 32 years sec. Presb. Board of Foreign Missions. Lowrie, REV. WALTER MACON, b. Butler, Pa., 18 Feb. 1819; d. Aug. 19, 1847. Jeff. Coll. 1837. Son of Hon. Walter. He studied at Princet. Theol. Sem. ; was ord. 9 Nov. 1841, and sailed to China to join the Presb. Mission there Jan. 19, 1842. He labored successfully at Macao and at Ningpo. He was thrown into the sea by pirates when ab. 12 miles sail from Chapoo, in 1847. A Memoir by his father was pub. N.Y. 8vo, 1849. He was author of " Let ters to Sabb. School Children ; " " The Land of Sinim," Phila., 18mo, 1846; "Sermons preached in China," 8vo, 1851 ; " Missions in Tonjee and Feejee," 12mo, 1852. Allibom. Loyaute, ANNE PHILIPPE DIEUDONNE DE, a French artillery officer, b. Metz, 1750; d. ab. 1830. He served under his father in the art. in Germany and in Corsica. A capt. in 1776, he was sent with 50 field-pieces and 10,- 000 muskets to the state of Va. ; remained in this country, and served through the war as insp. gen. of art. and fortifications in Va. He attained the rank of lieut.-col., and served as engineer under Steuben in the trenches of Yorktown. During the rcvol. in France, he was a royalist, and suffered imprisonment and exile, but was suffered to remain in obscurity after the restoration, and d. in a state of com plete destitution. Lucas, JOHN B. C., D.C.L. (U. of Caen, 1782), politician and jurist, b. Normandy, ab. 1762; d. St. Louis, Sept. 1842. Son of the chief justiciar of N. He practised law two years, and in 1784 crossed the Atlantic, and located himself on a farm near Pittsburg, Pa. In 1792 he entered public life. Served in the legisl. of Pa. several years, and as judge of the C.C.P. in the district where he resided. M.C. 1803-5, and in 1805-20 was judge of the U.S. Court in Upper La. He was also app. commiss. for the adjustment of Land Titles in Upper La. ; at the same time was app. judge, and continued a member of the board until its dissolution in 1812. His son, JAMES H. LUCAS, was a banker of St. Louis, and a prominent citizen. Lucas, ROBERT, statesman, b. Shepherds- town, Va., 1 Apr. 1781 ; d. Iowa City, 7 Feb. 1853. His father, a capt. in the Revol. army, was descended from William Penn. He removed to Ohio in 1800, where he rose to the rank of 568 maj. -gen. of militia; app. capt. 19th U.S. Inf. 14 Mar. 1812; lieut.-col. 20 Feb. 1813; resigned 30 June, 1813; brig.-gen. of Ohio militia in defence of the frontier 1813 ; member Ohio legisl. 1814; pres. of the Democ. nat. convent, which in May, 1832, renominated Jackson for a second pres. terra; gov. of Ohio 1832-6; first terr. gov. of Iowa 1838-41. Gov. L. was a prominent Mason ; a man of strong impulses, and strict integrity. A. T. Goodman s Ms. Memoir. Ludewig, HERMAN ERNST, author of " Literature of American Local History," b. Dresden, Saxony, Oct. 14,1809; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Dec. 12, 1856. He received a finished education in his native country ; came to N.Y. City in 1842, and practised law. His book, printed in 1846, was never pub., but was given away to friends and public institutions. A supplement was issued in 1848, relating entirely to the State of N.Y. A philological work by him, "Bibliotheca Glottica," was actually in press in London, and was announced to ap pear Dec. 15, three days after the author s death. In 1854 he communicated to the Society de Geor/raphie of Paris an article entitled " De L Histoire des Aboriginies du Mexigue," printed in the 9th vol. 4th series of its Bul letins, i. 119. He contrib. to Naumann s " Serapeum " articles on American Libraries, " Aids to American Bibliography/ and " The Book-Trade of the U.S." Hist. Mag. i. 23. Ludlow, FITZ HUGH, magazine writer, son of Rev. Henry G. of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., b. 1837 ; d. Geneva, Switzerland, 13 Sept. 1870. He began his contribs. to N.Y. journals in 1855; afterwards wrote for Harper s Mag. a series of stories, collected under the title of "Little Brother ;" pub. in 1857 the "Hash eesh-Eater," and afterward " The Heart of the Continent" on a journey he had made across the plains, and " The Opium Habit." His health had been destroyed by the use of hasheesh and opium. Ludlow, GABRIEL G., loyalist of N.Y. ; d. Oct. 4, 1808, a. 72. In 1782 he was col.- com. of De Lancey s 3d batt. ; went to New Brunswick at the peace; was mayor of St. John in 1785; was in 1792 judge of vice- admiralty ; a member of the council ; col. of militia; and in 1803, on the deposition of Gov. Carleton, was sworn in as com.-in-chief. Sabine. Ludlow, GEORGE DUNCAN, jurist and loyalist of N.Y., bro. of the preceding ; d. Frederickton,N.B.,Feb. 12,1808. In Dec. 1769 he was app. one of the judges of the Supreme Court ; in 1 780 he was app. master of the rolls, and supt. of police on Long Island. His large estates on L.I. were confiscated; and he re tired to New Brunswick in 1783, where he was a member of the first council, and, as senior coun sel, administered the govt. ; and was the first chief justice of the Supreme Court. Sabine. Llidlow, JOHN, D.D., LL.D., divine, b. Aquackanonk, N. J., Dec. 13, 1793; d. Phila. Sept. 8, 1857. Un. Coll. 1814. His grand father Richard was an officer of the Revul. After studying law, he entered the N. Bruns wick Theol* School ; was tutor at Un. Coll. one year ; completed his studies in 181 1, and became pastor of the R.D. Church, N. Brunswick ; in 1818 he became prof, of biblical literature ; and from 1823 to 1834 was pastor of the church in Albany ; provost of the U. of Pa. from 1834 to 1852, when he took the chair of eccl. history in the Theol. Sera, of the R.D. Church, N. Bruns wick, N. J. Simpson. Ludlow, ROGER, dep.-gov. of Ms. (1634) and of Ct. ; was a " pious gentleman of good family" in the west of Eng. who came with the first settlers of Dorchester in 1630. He was an assist. 4 years. Failing to be chosen gov. in 1634, he went in 1635 with the settlers of Windsor, Ct., where he was 19 years a magistrate or dep.-gov., and one of the commiss. of the United Colonies. In 1639 he removed to Fairfield, the inhabitants of which, in 1653, having declared war against the Manhadoes, chose Ludlow com.-in-chief. The Gen. Court of New Haven discountenanced the project, in consequence of which Mr. Ludlow embarked forVa. in Apr. 1654, with his family. The time and place of his death are unknown. His dau. Sarah m. rev. Nath l. Brewster of Brook- haven. John Endicott was his bro.-in-law. Well versed in jurisprudence, he compiled the first Ct. code of laws, printed in 1672. Lumpkin, JOSEPH HENRY, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1851), jurist and scholar, b. Oglethorpe Co., Ga., Dec. 23, 1799 ; d. Athens, Ga., June 4, 1867. N.J. Coll. 1819. He studied law in the office of Judge Cobb ; was adm. to the bar in Oct. 1820 ; began practice at Lexington, Ga., and took high rank as a lawyer. After a successful career of 24 years, he retired from practice. Elected judge of the Supreme Court of Ga. in his absence in 1845 ; he was thrice re-elected for the term of 6 years, without op position. Elected prof, of rhetoric and oratory in the Ga. U. in 1846, he was compelled to decline. Long a prof, of law in the Lumpkin Law School attached to the University. In 1855 he declined a seat on the bench of the Court of Claims. One of the compilers of the Penal Code of Ga. in 1833. Lumpkin, WILSON, statesman, b. Pittsyl- vania Co., Va., Jan. 14, 1783. Removed to Oglethorpe Co., Ga., early in 1784, with his father. He received a common school educa tion ; studied law ; served in the State legisl. a number of years; was M.C. in 1815-17; and 1827-31 ; gov.ofGa. 1831-5; and U.S. senator in 1837-41. In 1823 he was app. by Pros. Monroe to mark out the boundary -line between Ga. and Fla. ; and by Gen Jackson was app. a commiss. under the Cherokee treaty ot 1835. He was also a member of the board "of public works. He resided at Athens, Ga. Died 1871 Lundy, BENJAMIN, abolitionist, b. Hand- wich, N.J., Jan. 4, 1789; d. Lowell, 111., Aug. 22, 1839. His parents were Quakers. Until 19 he labored on his father s farm, and atter- ward removed to Wheeling, Va. Having set tled in business in St. Clairsvillo, Va., in 1815, he founded an antislavery society, and wrote an appeal on the subject of slavery. He also con- tril). to a journal called the Philanthropist. He then went to St. Louis, whore, for near 2 years, he was engaged in the exposition of the slavery question^ Returning to Mt. Pleasant, he com menced in Jan. 1822 the Genius of Univers.a\ 569 LYE Emancipation, the office of which was soon re moved to Jonesborough, Tenn., and thence in 1324 to Baltimore. He visited Hayti in 1824, and the Eastern States in 1825, where he formed the acquaintance of Win. Lloyd Garrison, af terwards associated with him in editing his journal. In 1828-9 he was assaulted for an alleged libel, indirectly censured by the Court, and soon afterward removed to Washington. He was the first to establish antislavery peri odicals, and to deliver antislavery lectures. His "Life and Travels," by Thos. Earl, was pub. in Phila. 1847. Lunt, GEORGE, lawyer, author, and journal ist, b. Newburyport, Ms., Dec. 31, 1803. H.U. 1824. Studied law; was principal of the high school in Ncwburyport ; and practised law there. He was several times a member of the State le- gisl. ; began to write and publish poetry at an early ago. A vol. appeared in 1839 ; another in 1843, entitled "The Age of Gold;" in 1851 " The Dove and the Eagle ; " "Lyric Poems," 1854 ; "Julia," 1855. In 1845 he delivered be fore the Boston Mercantile Library Assoc. a poem called "Culture." In 1848 he removed to Boston; and from 1849 till March, 1853, was U.S. dist. atty. for Ms. From Mar. 1857 till 1862, and at a later period, he edited the Boston Courier, a conservative journal. His other pub lications are "Eastford, or Household Sketch es," 1855; "Three Eras of New England," 1857; "Radicalism in Religion, Philosophy, and Social Life," 1858; "The Union," a po em, 1860; and "Origin of the Late War." Lunt, REV. WILLIAM PARSONS, D.D. (H.U. 1350), a popular and eloquent Unitarian divine, b. Newburyport, Apr. 21, 1805 ; d. Ak- bah in Arabia Pctrasa, March 20, 1857. H.U. 1823. Gr.-sonof Capt. Henry. Studied law one year. Ord. pastor of the Second Unit. Church in New York 19 June, 1828, which lie left Nov. 19, 1833, and was pastor of the Unit, church, Quincy, Ms., from June 3, 1835, to his d. He left home in Dec. 1856 to make the tour of Europe. His writings, both in prose and poe try, display a singularly pure taste and classic refinement, and have been much admired. He pub. a number of occasional discourses. Luque de (da-loo -ka), HERNANDO, a Span ish bishop of Peru ; d. 1532. He was a priest of Panama, when in 1525 he associated him self with Pizarro and Almagro in an exped. for the conquest of Peru, furnishing the money for the enterprise. See Herrera; and Prescott s Conquest of Peru. Lusk, JOHN, an aged soldier, b. Staten Is- hnd, N.Y., Nov. 5, 1734; d. near McMinnville, Tenn., June 8, 1838, a. 104. Of Dutch extrac tion. He was in the military service nearly 60 years. He commenced this career when ab. 20, at the conquest of Acadie ; was present at the siege of Quebec ; saw the brave Gen. Wolfe fall on the Plains of Abraham ; served in Arnold s expcd to Canada ; was engaged in the erection of Fort Ed\\ ard, and was there wounded ; was at the battle of Saratoga, the surrender of Burgoyae, and also of Cornwallis ; and subse quently served under Wayne in the campaign against the Indians. Ijuzenberg, CHARLES A., surgeon, b. Verona, July 31, 1805; d. Cincinnati, July 15, 1848. Of Austrian parentage. He came with his family in 1819 to Phila., attending the lec tures of the Jeff. Med. Coll., giving special at tention to surgery. In 1829 he went to N. Or leans; became house surgeon to the Charity Hospital, and soon became celebrated in his profession ; established the Medical School, of which he was the first dean ; founded the. Soci ety of Nat Hist, in 1839, and in 1843 the La. Medico-Chirurgical Society, of both which he was first pros. In 1832-4 he visited Europe. He performed successfully many of the most diffi cult surgical operations, such as the extirpation of the parotid gland, the excision of 6 inches of the ilium, and the tying of the primitive iliac artery. Gross s Med. Biog. Luzerne, ANNE CAESAR DE LA, LL.I). (H.U. 1781), a French diplomatist, b. Paris, 1741; d. Eng. Sept. 14, 1791. ^ After having served hi the Seven- Years War, in which he rose to the rank of col., he abandoned the military career, resumed his studies, and turning his views to diplomacy, in 1776 was sent as envoy- extr. to Bavaria. In 1778 he was app. to suc ceed Gerard as minister to the U.S.; arrived in Phila. Sept. 21, 1779, and conducted him self, during 4 years in which he remained there, with a prudence, wisdom, and concern for their interests, that gained him the esteem and affec tion of the Americans. In 1780, when the American army was in the most destitute con dition, and the government without resources, he aided with his purse in relieving the distress. In 1783 he returned to France, having received the most flattering expressions of esteem from Congress; and in 1788 was sent ambassador to London, where he remained till his d. When the Federal Govt. was organized, the sec. of state addressed a letter to the Chevalier de la Luzerne, by direction of Washington, making an express acknowledgment of his services, and the sense of them entertained by the nation. Lyell, SIR CHARLES, D.C.L. (Oxf. 1855), LL.D. (H.U. 1844), a British geologist, b. Kin- nordy, Forfarshire, Nov. 14, I797;d. Feb. 22, 1 875. Oxford U. 1821. Originally a lawyer. The lectures of Prof. Bucklancl "turned his atten tion to geology. The first vol. of his " Princi ples of Geology " appeared in Jan. 1 830, and was received with great favor. This work in 1838 was divided into two treatises, the "Elements of Geology," and the "Principles;" and in 1851 the "Elements" appeared with the title of "Manual of Elementary Geology." In 1841 he visited the U.S., delivered a course of lectures on geology in Boston, travelled extensively through the Northern and Middle States, and investigated the geological features of the coun try. His " Travels in N. A. in the Years 1841- 2 " (2 vols. 8vo, Lond. 1845) contain the gen eral results of this journey. The scientific papers connected with it are found in the "Pro ceedings " and " Trans." of the Geol. Soc. of Lond., the "Reports of the British Associa tion," and the "Am. Journal of Science." In a second journey, made in Sept. 1845-June, 1846, he visited the Southern States, and passed up the Mpi. He pub. "A Second Visit to the U.S.," 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1849. In 1849 he was knighted; was elected pros, of the Geol. Society in 1836 and 1850; created a baronet in 1864. 570 He pub. in 1SG3 "Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man," &c. Lyman, HENRY, missionary, b. Northamp ton, Ms., 1810; killed by the Battahs at Su matra, with Mr. Munson, June 28, 1834. Amh. Coll. 1829. Son of Theodore. He pub. " Condition of Females in Pagan Countries." Lyman, JOSEPH, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1801), minister of Hatfield, Ct., from ab. 1772 to his d., March 27, 1828; b. Lebanon, Ct., 1750. Y.C. 1767 ; tutor there 1770-1. He was an original member of the Amer. Foreign Mis sionary Society, and from 1823 its pres. He pub. *18 occasional sermons, 1787-1821. Spraf/ue. Lyman, PHINEAS, maj.-gen., b. Durham, Ct., ab. 1716 ;d.W.Flor., Sep. 10, 1774. Y.C. 1738; tutor there 1738-41. He was bred a weaver, but soon raised himself above this con dition, engaged in mercantile pursuits, and finally settled as a lawyer in Suffield. He took a conspicuous part in the dispute between Ct. and Ms. relative to the right of jurisdiction over the town of Suffield ; was for some years a magistrate, held various public offices, and was app. maj.-gen. and com.-in-chief of the Ct. forces, and built Fort Lyman, now called Fort Edward, N.Y. He served under Sir William Johnson at the battle of Lake George, and, after Johnson was disabled, conducted the en gagement to a successful issue. He served under Abercrombie in 1758; was with Lord Howe when he was killed; was at the capture of Crown Point, the surrender of Montreal; and in 1762 led the provincial troops against Havana. In 1763 he went to Eng. as the agent of his brother officers to receive their share of prize-money, also as agent of a company called the Military Adventurers, to solicit a grant of land on the Mpi. Deluded from year to year by idle promises, he sunk to imbecility, and returned in 1774, about which time a tract near Natchez was granted to the petitioners. He went thither with his eldest son and other emigrants, and died soon after reaching West Florida. The emigrants, after undergoing many hardships, were obliged, on the conquest of the country by the Spaniards in 1781-2, to take refuge in Savannah. Lyman, THEODORE, mayor of Boston 1832-5, b. there Feb. 19, 1792; d. July 17, 1849. H.U. 1810. The son of a rich and liberal merchant of that city, he inherited a fortune. He received his early education at Phillips Exeter Acad. In 1814 he visited Europe; afterward studied law, and made a second visit to Europe; in 1819 he began to rake part in the business of public life ; was an efficient member of both branches of the legist. ; delivered the 4th of July oration in Boston in 1820; and took an interest in the militia, and for a time was brig.-gen. ; was an active mem ber of the State Horde. Society, and at his decease gave to it $10,000; a trustee and liberal benefactor of the Farm School, to which at his decease he also bequeathed $10,000. He founded the State Reform School at West- borough, to endow which he first gave $22,000, and at his death bequeathed to it $50,000 more. Author of " A Few Weeks at Paris ;" " Politi cal State of Italy," 1820; "Account of the Hartford Convention," 1823; "Diplomacy of the U.S.," 2 vols. 1828. Lyman, WILLIAM, b. Northampton, Ms. 1753. Y.C. 1776. M. C. 1793-7; consul tc London from 1805 to his d., Oct. 1811 ; mem ber of the Ms. legisl. 1787 ; State senator 1789; brig.-gen. of militia. Lyman, WILLIAM, D. D. (N. J. Coll. 1808), minister of Haddam, Ct, and China, N.Y. ; d. 1833, a. ab. 70. Y.C. 1784. HQ pub. Election Serm. 1806; on the death of Mrs. Griswold of Lyme ; Dedication Serm. at Leba non, 1807; Ordination of J. Harvey, 1810. Lynch, COL. CHARLES, Revol. officer; d. soon after 1783, at Staunton, Campbell Co., Va. His bro. JOHN was the founder of Lynch- burg, Va. ; and his son CHARLES, gov. of Mpi. 1835-7, d. near Natchez, Feb. 16, 1853. At Guilford a regt. of riflemen under Col. Lynch behaved with great gallantry. The term " lynch law " was occasioned by his appre hending, and causing to be punished without any superfluous legal ceremony, a lawless band of Tories and desperadoes that infested that newly-settled country. Va. Hist. Colls. Lynch, ISIDORE DE, a French gen. of Irish descent, b. Lond. June 7, 1755 ; d. Aug. 4, 1841. He was educated at the Coll. of Louis le Grand at Paris ; entered the army ; made the campaigns of 1771-2 in India, and subse quently those of the war of the United States. Before rejoining the army of Rochambeau, in which he was aide to the Marquis de Chastellux, he had taken part in the exped. of D Estaing, and at the siege of Savannah exhibited a cool bravery worthy the record of it in the Memoirs of Count Segur. On his return to France he was made second col. of the regt. of Walsh, and received the cross of St. Louis. He was a lieut.-gen. at the battle of Valmy. Biog. Univ. Sappt. Lynch, THOMAS, Jun., signer of the Decl. of Indcp., b. Prince George Parish, S.C., Aug. 5, 1749; d. at sea in the latter part of 1779. Of Austrian descent. His father, a man of great wealth and influence, having early espoused the cause of the Colonists, was a member of the Cont. Congress from 1774 till his d. in 1776. His son was educated at Eton and Cambridge, Eng.; afterward studied law at the Temple, but, before completing his course, returned to Amer. in 1772. Relinquishing the profession of the law, he settled upon a plantation on the North Santee River, presented to him by his father, and m. a Miss Shubrick. In 1775 he was chosen a capt. in the 1st S.C. regt.; but, in consequence of the illness of his father, toward the close of that year was elected to fill his seat in Congress. The decline of his health obliged him in the au tumn of 1776 to retire from public employment. Near the close oH 779 he embarked for St. Eu- statia, with the intention of visiting Europe, and, by some unknown accident, perished, with all the ship s company, at sea. Lynch, WILLIAM F., naval officer, b. Va. 1801 ; d. Baltimore, Oct. 17, 1865. Midshipm. Jan. 26, 1819; lieut. May, 1828; com. Sept. 1849 ; capt. Apr. 1856. In 1847 he planned an exped. to explore the course of the River Jordan and the shores of the Dead Sea ; sailed in Nov. for Smyrna; arrived with his party in the Ba.y 571 of Acre Mar. 31, 1848, and in April was up on the Lake of Tiberias, and commenced the navigation of the Jordan to the Dead Sea, which they reached Apr. 18. A thorough exploration was made ; and the depression of che Dead Sea below the Mediterranean was found to be 1,312 feet. Lieut. Lynch s narrative of this exped. has passed through 7 editions. He subsequent ly planned an exploration of Western Africa, which was not executed. He is also the author of "Naval Life, or Observations Afloat and on Shore," 12mo, 1851. He resigned April 21, 1861; June 10, 1861, was app. a commodore in the Confed. navy ; led a flotilla in defence of Roanoke Island and the coast of N.C.; and was defeated (Feb. 9, 1862) by Flag-Officer Golds- borough. He was subsequently in com. of the defences of Smithville, near Fort Fisher, N.C. Lynde, BENJAMIN, chief justice of Ms., b. Salem, Sept. 22, 1666; d. Jan. 28, 1745. H.U. 1686. He studied law at the Temple, Lond. ; was app. judge in 1712, and ch. justice in 1729. Member of the council from 1723 to 1737. De- seended from a Dorsetshire family. His son BEN-JAAIIN, jurist, b. Oct. 5, 1700, d. Oct. 9, 1781. H.U. 1718. From 1737 he was many years a member of the council, representative, naval officer of the port, a judge of the Court of Sessions and C. PI., and, toward the close of life, judge of probate. Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court from 1745 to 1771. At the trial of Capt. Preston in 1770 ho presided in court. He resigned the office of chief justice in 1772. Lyndon, JOSIAH, gov. R.I. 1768, b. New port, Mar. 10, 1721; d. Warren, Mar. 30, 1778. Lyon, ASA, minister, b. Pomfret, Ct., Dec. 31, 1763; d. South Hero, Grand Isle Co., Vt., April 4, 1841. Dartm. Coll. 1790. Pastor of the Cong, cliuroh at Sundeiiand, Ms., from Oct. 4, 1792, to Sept. 23, 1793; at South Hero, Vt., from Dec. 21, 1802, to Mar. 15, 1840 ; and was M.C. from Vt. in 1815-17. App. chief judge of Grand Isle Co. in 1805, 6, 8, and 13; was a representative in 1802, 4, 5, 6, and 8, and from 1810 to 1814; was a member of the exec, coun cil in 1808. He was an able preacher, and pub. sermons and patriotic addresses, indicating a high order of talent and scholarship. Lyon, MARY, teacher, b. Buckland, Ms., Feb. 28, 1797; d. South Hadley, Ms., Mar. 5, 1849. She commenced teaching at Shelburne Falls in 1814 ; from the fall of 1821 till the spring of 1824 she taught in the Sanderson Aead., Ashfield; from 1824 to 1828 she was associated with Miss Grant in teaching the Ad ams Female Acad. at Londonderry, N.H., and afterward at Ipswich; for 6 years, during winters, when the acad. was closed, she taught school in Buckland and Ashland ; in the au tumn of 1834 she resigned; and Nov. 8, 1837, she opened the Mt. Holyoke Female Seminary, in South Hadley, over which she presided 12 years. A feature of her plan, to which there was much opposition, was, that the whole do mestic labor of the institution was to be per formed by the pupils and teachers; and it was intended to make the pupils independent of servants, to teach self-denial, to promote their health, and to preserve their interest in domes tic duties. She pub. a pamphlet entitled " Ten dencies of the Principles embraced and the Sys tem adopted in the Mt. Holyoke Female Semi nary" (1840), and the "Missionary Offering," 1843. See Life and Labors of Mart/ Lyon, by Edward Hitchcock, D.D., 1851. Lyon, COL. MATHEW, politician, b. Wick- low Co., Ireland, 1746; d. Spadra Blutt* Ark, 1 Aug. 1822. Emigrating at the age of 13 to N.Y., and unable to pay for his passage, the captain of the ship, in accordance with the cus tom of the time, assigned him for a sum of money to a fanner in Litchfield Co., Ct., whom he served some years. Becoming a citizen of Vt., he was in 1775 a lieut. in a company of " Green Mountain Boys ; " was cashiered for deserting his post in the latter part of the year; was in 1777 temporary paym. of the Northern army ; was subsequently serving as commiss.- gen. and as col. of militia; and was in 1778 dcp. sec. to the gov., and clerk of the Court of Confiscations. Founding the town of Fair- haven in 1783, he built saw-mills and grist mills, established a forge, manufactured paper from basswood, and established the Freeman s Library, newspaper. He was 10 years a mem ber of the legisl.; assist, judge of Rutland Co. Court in 1786 ; M.C. 1797-1801, and had on the floor of Congress a personal difficulty with Roger Griswold, when an unsuccessful attempt was made to expel him; gave the vote that made Jefferson pres. ; and being in Oct. 1798 convicted of a libel on Pres. Adams, was con fined 4 months in the Vergennes Jail, and fined $1,000, which was paid by his friends. Remov ing to Ky., he was in its legisl. in 1801-3 ; was its rep. in Congress in 1803-11; then became bankrupt from the speculation of building gun boats for the war of 1812; and in 1820 was made a factor among the Cherokee Indians in Ark., and was app. territorial delegate to Con gress, but did not live to take his seat. His son CHITTENDEN LYON, M.C. from Kv. 1827- 35, d. Caldwell Co., Ky., Nov. 1842. Col. L. was rough and impetuous in manner, but was an able debater. See pamphlet notice of Lyon by Rev. Pliny II. White, 1858. Lyon, NATHANIEL, brig.-gen vols., b. Ash- ford, Windham Co., Ct., July 14, 1819 ; killed at the battle of Wilson s Creek, Mo., Aug. 10, 1861. West Point, 1841. Grand-nephew of Col. Knowlton. Entering the 2d Inf. he dis- ting, himself in the Florida war; took part in the capture of Monterey in 1846; became 1st lieut. Feb. 1847 ; and, joining Gen. Scott, was present at Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo ; com. his company at Contreras and Churu- busco, winning the brevet of capt. ; and was wounded in the assault of the Belen Gate, Mexico City. Ordered to California; June 11, 1851, he became capt. ; was on active duty in Kansas during the Free-State troubles ; and, when the civil war broke out, was placed in com. of the arsenal at St. Louis. This he made secure against surprise ; and May 10, with the aid of several thousand " Home Guards," under Cols. Blair and Sigel, broke up the ren dezvous of the secessionists at Camp Jackson ; brig.-gen. vols. 17 May, 1861; June 1 the com. of the dept. devolved on him. He broke up a Confederate force at Potosi, and caused several important seizures of war mat&iel des tined for Camp Jackson. Gov. Jackscn, hav* 572 ing called out 50,000 militia to " repel the in vasion of the State," left for Booneville on the 14th ; Gen. Lyon followed him, defeating the militia on the 17th; he then marched to Springfield. Aug. 2, he defeated the Confede rates under McCulloch at Dug Spring. Mc- Culloch having been joined by Gen. Price, thus making a force 4 or 5 times as large as his own, he determined, rather than abandon S. W. Mo., to risk a battle. He accordingly marched on and attacked the enemy on the 10th, at Wilson s Creek; and, after being twice wounded, was leading into action a regt. whose col. had been killed, when he was struck by a minic-ball, and killed. Great honors were paid to his memory. He bequeathed nearly all his property, some $30,000, to the govt. to aid in the preservation of the Union. In 1860, while stationed at Camp Riley, he pub. a series of letters in favor of Abraham Lincoln s election to the presidency, in a local newspaper, since collected in a vol., entitled " The Last Politi cal writings of Gen. Nathaniel Lyon," with a memoir, 1862. Lyon, RICHARD, poet and preacher, was in 1644-7 private tutor to an English student at Cambridge. He lived with Pres. Dunster, with whom he was app. to revise Eliot s " Bay Psalms." In 1722 the 20th edition was pub. ; many passages from the other parts of the Bible, called " The Spiritual Songs of the Old and New Testament," are inserted. Allen. Lyons, JAMES GILBORNE, LL.D. ; d. Jan. 2, 1868, at Haverford, near Phila., where he had for many years a select boys school^of a, high character. He was an accomplished scholar, and pub. " Christian Songs, Transla tions, and other Poems," Phila. 12mo, 1861. Lyons, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL, baron, G.C.B., D.C.L., envoy-extr. to the U.S. Dec. 1858-Feb. 1865, b. Lymington, 26 Apr. 1817. Succeeded to the title of his father (Admiral Lyons) 23 Nov. 1858. Educated at Oxford. Attache at Athens (1839), Dresden (1852), Florence (1853) ; sec. of legation there 1856; envoy to Tuscany (1858) ; app. ambas sador to Constantinople in Aug. 1865 ; trans ferred to Paris in July, 1867. Lytle, WILLIAM HAINES, soldier and poet, b. Cincinnati, Nov. 2, 1826; killed Sept. 20, 1S63, at the battle of Chickamauga. Cin. Coll. 1843. His great-grandfather Wm. was a capt. in the Pa. line, and emig. to Ky. in 1779. Wm. his grandfather, an early pioneer of Ohio, was famous in the border wars of the West, and under Jackson, his intimate per sonal friend, held the surveyor-generalcy of public lands. His father Robert T. Lytle, a Democ. politician, and M.C. 1833-5, d. N. Or leans, Dec. 21, 1839. Wm. H. studied law; served in the Mexican war as capt. in Irving s regt. ; resumed practice at its close ; was a member of the O. legisl. ; was the unsuccess ful candidate of the Democ. for lieut.-gov. in 1857 ; and became, soon after, maj.-gen. first division of O. militia. At the commencement of the Rebellion he com. the 10th O. regt.; served in West Va. ; took part in the gallant attack upon Rich Mountain, July, 1861; and was wounded at the battle of Summcrville, Sept. 10, 1861. When sufficiently recovered, he took com. of the Bardstown camp of in struction; and then of the 17th brigade under Gen. O. M. Mitchell, participating in the brilliant operations along the Memphis and Chattanooga Railroad ; at Perryville he was again wounded, and fell into the hands of the enemy, but was soon exchanged ; made brig.- gen. for gallantry Nov. 29, 1862; and subse quently served under Gen. Rosecrans. Some of his poetry is collected in the " Poets and Poetry of the West," by Coggeshall. Lyttleton, WILLIAM HENRY, Baron Westcote, gov. S. C. 1755-60, Feb. 62- 66 gov. of Jamaica ; d. 14 Sept. 1808. Envoy- ex, and min. to Portugal, 1766 ; made Baron Westcote 31 July, 1776 ; made Lord Lyttleton, 13 Aug. 1794. "Bro. of the poet Lyttleton. Mably (ma-bli), GABRIEL BONNOT, abbe* de, a French author, b. Grenoble, 14 Mar. 1709; d. Paris, 23 Apr. 1785. A misunder standing with his patron and relative, Cardinal Tencin, prevented his rise in the Church. He wrote memorials and reports for Tencin ; and it was from minutes drawn up by him for the cardinal that he prepared his " Droit Public." Employed in 1743 in secret negotiations with the Prussian ambassador at Paris, he con cluded a treaty against Austria ; and also drew the instructions of the French minister at the congress of Breda. Besides several political and historical works, he wrote in 1784 " Sur les Constitutions den Etats Unis de l Amrique" embodying his views on the prep aration of the constitution, upon which he k was consulted by Congress in 1783. This work contains many sentiments adverse to civil liberty and religious toleration, which are inconsistent with his previous opinions. McAdam, JOHN LOUDOUN, originator of macadamized roads, b. Ayr, Scotland, 21 Sept. 1756; d. Dumfrieshire, 26 Nov. 1836. In 1770 he came to New York ; was adopted by his uncle a merchant there, who acquired a fortune as agent for the sale of prizes during the Revol. ; at the close of which he returned to his native land, having been compelled, as a loyalist, to abandon most of his property. He began to experiment upon the scientific construction of roads in 1810; succeeded, in spite of great opposition from the farmers, traders, and common people ; and for his ser vices was rewarded by govt. with a gift of .6,000 and the honor of knighthood ; the lat ter he declined in favor of his son Sir James Nicholl McAdam. In 1827 he was made gen. surveyor of the metropolitan roads. His first wife was a Miss Nicholl of New York ; his sec ond was a dau. of John Peter De Lancey. Author of " Remarks on Road-Making," 8th ed. London, 1824. McAfee, ROBERT B., b. Mercer Co., Ky., 1784. The McAfees, George, James, and Robert (the father of R. B.), all energetic and determined men, left Sinking Creek, Botetourt Co., Va., June 1, 1773, and settled in Kj., where they were conspicuous in the Indian warfare of their times. R. B. was app. capt. in R. M. Johnson s regt. Ky. Vols., under Gen. Harrison in battle of the Thames ; lieut.-gov. of Ky. 1820-4; chargf d affaires to Colombia 1833-7. Author of " History of Late Wdv 5T3 ISiCC in the Western Country," 8vo, Lexington, 1816. McAlester, MILES D., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. 1834; d. Buffalo, N.Y., Apr. 23, 1869. West Point, 1856. Entering the engr. corps 2 May, 1861, he was made 1st lieut. ; capt. March 3, 1863; and maj. March 7, 1867; chief engr. 3d army corps in the Army of the Potomac till Oct. 30, 1862, being in all its important battles, and winning two brevets; from Oct. 30, 1862, to Apr. 1863, chief engr. of the dept. of Ohio ; in June and July chief engr. at the siege of Vicksburg; assist, prof, of engr. at West Point from Sept. 1863, to July 15, 1864, when app. chief engr. of the milit. division of West Mpi. ; engaged in the reduction of Forts Gaines and Morgan, Mobile Bay, in July and Aug., 1864, and of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, Mobile, in Apr. 1865. For these services he was brev. col. and brig.-gen. He was then engaged in constructing defences at Mobile and N. Or leans, and in the improvement of the Mpi. River. Engr. of the 8th Lighthouse dist. May 22, 1867. McAllister, MATTHEW HALL, LL. D. (Cul. Coll.), jurist, b. Savannah, Ga., 26 Nov. 1800; d. San Francisco, Cal., 19 Dec. 1865. Bred to the law, he was in 1827 app. U.S. dist. atty. for Ga., a post held by his father during Washington s admin. A leading lawyer and politician of Savannah ; some years its mayor ; an opponent of nullification in 1832; a promi nent and influential member of the legisl. in 1835; 5 years State senator; and caused the establishment of the Court of Errors; emig. with his family to Cal. in 1850 ; and from 1855 to 1862 was U.S. Circuit judge of that State. Author of a " Eulogy on President Jackson," and a vol. of legal opinions, pub. by his son. Macanally, D^VID RICE, Methodist di vine, b. Granger Co., Tenn., 17 Feb. 1810. Has pub. a Life of Mrs. Ramsay, and other biog raphies ; and since 1851 has edited the Chris tian Advocate, and had charge of the Meth. book-concern at St. Louis. Ord. Nov. 1831 ; preached in Tenn., N. C., and Va. ; and in 1843-51 was pres. of the Female Inst., Knox- ville. McArtlllir, DUXCAN, soldier, and gov. of Ohio 1830-2, b. Dutchess Co., N.Y., June 14, 1772; d. near Chiliicothe, O., 28 Apr. 1839. When onlv 8 years of age, his father removed to the frontier of Pa. At the age of 18, he volunteered in defence of the frontier against the hostile Indians, and served in Harmar s campaign. He also studied surveying, and acquired great landed wealth. In 1805 he was a member of the Ohio legisl. ; and in 1808 became m:\jor-gen. of militia; col. Ohio vols. May 7, 1812, and second in com. at Hull s sur render,; brig.-gen. Mar. 12, 1813; and, after serving 2 years as second in com., succeeded Gen. Harrison in 1814 in com. of the army of the West. In the latter part of this year he projected and partly accomplished a bold plan of conquering Upper Canada, which he was obliged to relinquish from the failure of the forces of Gen. Izard to co-operate with him. He had been elected to Congress by the Democ. party in 1813, but declined leaving his com mand. In the fall of 1815 he was again elected to the legisl. ; in 1816 was app. cornmiss. to negotiate a treaty with the Indians ; in 1817 was again commiss. to conclude treaties with other tribes ; and again elected a member of the legisl., and speaker of the house ; again in 1819 was returned to the same body; and M.C. in 1823-9. While gov. he met with an acci dent by which he was horribly bruise i and maimed^ and from the effects of which he never recovered. Me Arthur, JOHN, brev. maj. -gen U. S. Vols., b. parish of Erskine, Renfrewshire., Scot land, Nov. 17, 1826. He worked in his father s blacksmith-shop till 23, when he emig., and settled in Chicago. Here, after working at boiler-making, he opened a boiler-factory of his own. Capt. of a militia company when the civil war broke out, he was soon chosen lieut.- col. and then col. 12th 111. Vols. He com. a brigade at the battle of Fort Donelson ; and, for gallantry on that occasion, was made brig.-gen. of yoU. Mar. 21, 1862. He was wounded at Shiloh ; com. a division of McPherson s corps in the operations against Vicksburg ; and in A. J. Smith s corps at the battle of Nashville, for which he was brev. maj .-gen. McCall, GEORGE ARCHIBALD, brig.-gen., b. Phila. Mar. 16, 1802 ; d. West Chester, Pa., Feb. 25,1868. West Point, 1822. Aide to Gen. Gaines, Apr. 1831 to 1836; capt. Sept. 1836; disting. under Col. Worth in Florida war ; brev. major and lieut.-col. " for gallant and dis ting. services in battles of Palo Alto and R. de la Palma," May 9, 1846; assist, adj. -gen. (rank of major), July 7, 1846; major 3d Inf. Dec. 26, 1847; insp.-gen. June 10, 1850; re signed Apr. 29, 1853, and settled in Chester Co., Pa. On his return from the Mexican war, he was presented with a sword by the citizens of Phila. When the civil war broke out, he organ ized the Pa. Reserve Corps of 15,000 men, and was made brig.-gen. of vols. May 17, 1861. This force was converted into a division of 3 brigades, which he com. He planned the move ment against Dranesville, Dec. 20, 1861, which resulted in a brilliant victory ; June 18, 1862, he joined McClellan before Richmond ; was posted at Mechanicsville ; and June 26 fought a severe battle with a greatly superior force, whom he repulsed ; on the 27th he fought at Gaines s Mill, and on the 30th was victorious at the battle of Charles City Cross Roads, but on the same evening, while reconnoi tring, was captured, and, after a rigorous con finement in Richmond, returned to his home in Chester Co., with health much impaired, about the middle of Aug. Aug. 26 he received a sword from the citizens of Chester Co. Re signed Mar. 31, 1863. Author of " Letters from the Frontiers," &c., Phila. 12mo, 1868. McCall, EDWARD R., capt. U. S. N., b. Charleston, S.C-, Aug. 5, 1790; d. Borden- town,N.J., July 31,1853. Midshipman Jan. 1, 1808 ; lieut. Mar. 11, 1813; and in the autumn of that year served on board the brig " Enter prise," coin, by Lieut. Burrows. In the action with the British brig "Boxer," Sept. 4, 1813, Lieut. Burrows was mortally wounded ; and the command devolved on Lieut. McCall, who suc ceeded in capturing the enemy s ship. For JVICC 574 HttCC this service he received a gold medal from Con gress. Master com. Mar. 3, 1825; capt. Mar. 3, 1835. McCall, HUGH, major U. S. A., b. S. C. 1767; d. Savannah, Ga., July 9, 1824. En sign of inf. May 12, 1794; dep. paym.-gen. Jan. 31, 1800; ca pt. Aug. 1800; military store keeper at Savannah, Mar. 31, 1818, at Charles ton, S.C., May, 1821. He pub. "A History of Georgia," 2 vols. 8vo, 1816. McCalla, DANIEL, D.D. (S.C. Coll.), b. Neshaminy, Pa., 1748; d. Wappetaw, S. C., Apr. 6, 1809. N. J. Coll. 1766. Licensed to preach 20 July, 1772. He taught an acad. in Phila. ; was ord. pastor of N. Providence and Charleston, Pa., in 1774; was chaplain with Gen. Thomson, and captured at Trois Rivieres, in 1776. After his exchange, at the close of the year, he taught an acad. in Hanover Co. He was 21 years minister of the Cong, church at Wappetaw, S.C., and was a learned and elo quent, as well as a useful man. His sermons and essays, with a Life by Hollingshead, were pub. in 2 vols., 1810. McCaul, REV. J., D.D., an eminent Ca nadian scholar, b. Dublin ab. 1810. At Trin ity Coll. he obtained the highest honors, and was classical tutor and examiner. In Nov. 1838 he was app. principal of the Upper Can ada Coll., entering upon its duties in Jan. 1839; in 1842 vice-pres. of Kings Coll., and prof, of classics, logic, rhetoric, and belles-let tres ; pres. of the U. of Toronto, formerly Kings Coll. ; in 1849, and since 1853, pres. of University Coll. Toronto, and vice-chancellor of the U. of Toronto. Author of Disquisitions on the Greek Tragic Metres, the Horatian Me tres, Scansion of the Hecuba and Medea of Euripides, lectures on Homer and Virgil, and has edited some of the classics, also a Canadi an monthly, the Mapie-Leaf, and an interesting article on Latin inscriptions in the Canadian Journal. He is also composer of some anthems and other pieces of music. Morgan. McCauley, CHARLES STEWART, com. U.S.N., b. Pa. 1793; d. Washington, 21 May, 1869. Midshipm. 16 Jan. 1809 ; lieut. 9 Dec. 1814; com. 3 Mar. 1831 ; capt. 9 Dec. 1839. Nephew of Adm. Stewart. At the breaking- out of the Rebellion, he com. the Norfolk Navy Yard, and destroyed the property there to prevent its falling into rebel hands. McCaulle, THOMAS HARRIS, D.D. ; d. Savannah, Ga., ab. 1800. N. J. Coll. 1774. He was in 1776 ord. a Presbyt. minister in the western counties of N.C., and was several years pres. of the coll. at Waynesborough, S. C. Eminent for eloquence and for classical and scientific knowledge. McClellan, GEORGE, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1819), phvsician, b. "Woodstock, Ct., Dec. 23, 1796; d." Phila. May 9, 1847. Y.C. 1816. In 1825 Dr. McClellan, with a few able co-ad- jutors, founded in Phila. the Jeff. Med. Coll., and in 1839 that of Pa. at Gettysburg. He was remarkably successful as a practitioner, particularly renowned as a surgeon, and evinced great boldness and originality in his mode of action. He was prof, of surgery in Jeff. Coll. in 1826-38, and at Gettysburg in 1839-43; was popular as a lecturer"; contrib. largely to the med. journals ; and left behind him a work, which was pub. after his decease, on the Principles and Practice of Surgery. Gross s Afed. Biog. McClellan, GEN. GEORGE BRINTON, b. Phila. Dec. 3, 1826. U. of Pa. 1842. West Point, 1846. Son of the preceding. Ordered to Mexico, as lieut. of sappers, miners, and pontoniers. At the siege of Vera Cruz he was in Worth s division, and was commended in the official reports ; he was specially mentioned for gallantry at Cerro Gordo and Mexico city ; at Contreras and Churubusco he won the brev. of 1st lieut., and at Molino del Rey that of capt., which he declined, but accepted it for meritorious conduct at Chapultepec. In 1847 he took com. of his company, with which, after the war, he was sent to We st Point as instruc tor of bayonet-exercise. His " Manual " trans lated from the French, became the text-book of the service. In 1852 he accomp. Capt. II. B. Marcy (now his father-in-law) on an exped. to explore the Red River; and in Sept., with Gen. C. F. Smith, as senior engr. surveyed the rivers and harbors of Texas. In Apr. 1853 he was detailed for the examination of the western part of the proposed line of a route for a Pacific Railroad. He explored the Yakina Pass, and various portions of the Cascade range, and the most direct route to Puget s Sound ; his report forming the 1st vol. of " Pa cific Railroad Surveys," pub. by govt. His next service was a secret mission to San Domingo ; 1st lieut. July, 1853 ; capt. 1st Cavalry, March, 1854. In the spring of 1855 he was "sent \vith Majors Delafield and Mordecai to Europe to study the organization of European armies, and observe the war in the Crimea. Capt. McClel- lan s report on " The Armies of Europe " was repub. in Phila. in 1861. Resigning in Jan. 1857, he acted 3 years as vice-pres. and engr. of the 111. Central Railroad ; then became gen. supt. of the Ohio and Mpi. Railroad, and, two months later, pres. of the eastern division of the same road. When civil war broke out, he was made maj.-gen. by the gov. of Ohio, and took com. of the vols. of Ohio, Ind., and 111. in the dept. of the Ohio. A brief campaign followed, during which, in June and July, the whole of N. W. Va. was cleared of Confed. troops. July 22, he was ordered to take com. of the national troops on the Potomac ; was made maj.-gen. of the regular army, dating from May 14; and on the retirement of Gen. Scott, Nov. 1, he was app. gen.-in-chief. Mar. 6, 1862, a general advance was ordered to Ma- nassas Junction. The Confederates having evacuated that place, he embarked his main body for the peninsula. Yorktown was evacu ated May 4, after a siege of 1 month. Mean while, he was relieved of all his commands ex cept that of the Army of the Potomac. After the defeat of the Confederates at Williamsburg and Hanover Court House, he took up a posi tion on the Chickahorniny ; finding his line too much extended, he resolved to retreat to the James River. The whole of this difficult flank movement, begun June 27, was a contin* uous battle. July 2, they reached a position of safety at Harrison s Landing on the James, where, protected by the gunboats, they remained nvxcc 575 JMCC until Aug. 24 : the army was then with drawn in safety, Gen. Pope effecting a diversion in McClellan s favor by a movement toward Richmond from the north. At the close of Gen. Pope s Va. campaign, he resumed his old command. When Gen. Lee invaded Md., Mc- Ciellan attacked and defeated him in the bat tle of Antietam, Sept. 17 ; but, on the following day, Lee safely recrossed the Potomac. Fail ing seasonably to resume operations, though expressly ordered so to do, he was relieved of his com. Nov. 7, and resigned his com. in the army 8 Nov. 1864. A commission to investi gate the surrender of Harper s Ferry, Sept. 1 5, severely censured Gen. McClellan for failing to relieve or protect that place. He was the unsuccessful Democ. candidate for the presi dency in 1864. Besides the works above men tioned, Gen. McClellan has written " Regula tions and Instructions for the Field-Service of the U. S. Cavalry in Time of War," "Euro pean Cavalry," and " Report on the Org. and Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac," &c., 12mo, N.Y., 1864. See Life of McClellan, by Geo. S. Hillard. McClelland,RoBERT, statesman, b. Green Castle, Franklin Co., Pa., 1807. Adm. to the bar in 1831 ; practised law at Pittsburg in 1 833 ; removed to Mich., and established him self at Monroe. He was an ardent, able, and eloquent member of the convention which formed the constitution of Mich, in 1835, pre paratory to her admission into the Union ; and served several years in the State legisl., being speaker of the house in 1843; M.C. 1843-9; gov. of Mich, in 1852 and 53 ; and was sec. of the interior in 1853-7. Practises law in De troit. McClernand, JOHN ALEXANDER, maj.- gen. vols., b. Breckenridge Co., Ky., May 30, 1812. His father dying in 1816, his mother re moved to Shawneetown, 111., where he worked on a farm. He was adm. to the bar in 1832 ; volunteered in the war against the Sacs and Foxes, and then engaged in trade. In 1835 he established the Shawneetown Democrat; re sumed the practice of law ; was a member of the legisl. in 1836, 40, and 42; and was M.C. in 1843-51. In I860 he was chosen to Con gress from the Springfield dist., and served until the opening of civil war, when he re signed, returned to 111., and, with Cols. Logan and Fonke, raised the McClernand brigade. Made brig.-gen. May 17, 1861; he accomp. Gen. Grant to Belmont ; greatly disting. him self at Fort Donelson; was made maj.-gen. March 21, 1862; com. a division at the battle of Shiloh 6-7 April ; succeeded Gen. Sherman as com. of an army in Mpi. in Jan. 1863; and was disting. at Ark. Post, Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Big Black River, and Vicks- burg. He com. the 13th army corps at the time of his resignation, 30 Nov. 1864. McClintock, SIR FRANCIS LEOPOLD, arctic explorer, b. Dundalk, 1819. Entering the navy ab. 1831, he became a lieut. in 1845 ; accomp. Ross s exped. in search of Sir John Franklin in 1848-9; disting. himself in subse quent expeds. ; and performed remarkable feats in sledge-travelling. Sent by Lady Franklin in 1857 in " The Fox," in a final search for tid ings of Sir John ; in May, 1859, he found at Point Victory, on King William s Island, the record of Franklin s death, and the remains of the last survivors of his party. Returning in Sept. 1859, he was knighted, and received va rious honors and rewards. Author of a " Narrative of the Discovery of the Fate of Sir John Franklin," 1860. M ClintOCk, JOHN, D.D., LL.D., cler b. Phila. Oct. 27, 1814; d. Madison, N. J., 4 Mar. 1870. U. of Pa. 1835. He became a member of the N. J. Conf., and. after being a short time in the Meth. ministry, was in 1837 elected prof, of mathematics in Dick. Coll., and was in 1839 transferred to the chair of ancient languages. While at Carlisle, he translated, with Blumenthal, Neander s " Life of Christ," and, with Prof. Crooks, began a series of Latin and Greek text-books. He edited the Meth. Quarterly Review in 1848-56, when he was app. a delegate of his church to the English, Irish, French, and German confer ences. He was also present at the World s Convention at Berlin in 1856. On his return he was elected pres. of the Troy U., and was a short time pastor of St. Paul s Church, New York. In June, 1860, he sailed for Paris to take charge of the American chapel there. Pres. of the Drew Theol. Sem., Madison, N.J., from its organization in 1867, until his death. For several years he was, in connection with Dr. Strong, preparing a " Cyclop, of Sa cred Literature/ 3 vols. of which have been pub. He pub. " Analysis of Watson s Theol. Institutes, " Temporal Power of the Pope," and " Sketches of Eminent Methodist Minis ters," 8vo, 1854, and edited Bungener s " Hist, of the Council of Trent," 1855. McClintock, SAMUEL, D.D. (Y.C. 1791), divine, b. Medford, Ms , May 1, 1732 ; d. Greenland, N.H., Apr. 27, 1804. N. J. Coll. 1751. Orel, at Greenland, Nov. 3, 1756. A chaplain in the Old French War, and also chaplain of the N.H. troops in 1775 ; and was at the battle of Bunker s Hill, Trumbull s pic ture of which makes him a prominent figure. Three of his sons fell in the struggle for liber ty. He pub. occasional sermons, and an ora tion commemorative of Washington, 1800. N.E. H. and Gen. Reg. i. 249, x. 100. McCloskey, JOHN, D.D., R.C. archbp. of N.Y. (consec. 21 Aug. 1864), b. Brooklyn, N.Y., Mar. 20, 1810. Orel, bishop and coaj. to Bishop Hughes of N.Y. 10 March, 1844 ; translated to the see of Albany, 21 May, 1847, officiating at the Cathedral of St. Mary s. He instituted a female orphan asylum at Troy, and another, in 1852, in Albany, and in 1855, at Utica, an acad. for boys. Made a cardinal in Apr. 1875, the first raised to that dignity in America. McCluney, WILLIAM J., commo. U.S.N., b. Pa. 1796; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Feb. 11, 1864. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1812; was in the action between the "Wasp" and "Frolic," Oct. 18, 1812; lieut. April 1, 1818; com. Dec. 9, 1839 ; capt. Oct. 13, 1851 ; commo. July 16, 1862, when he was retired. In 1853 he com. " The Powhatan," in Com. Perry s exped. to Japan. In 1856 he was app. supervisor of the construction of the " Stevens Battery," at New York. 576 MCC McClung, COL. ALEXANDER K., lawyer, b. Mason Co., Ky., ab. 1812 ; d. by his own hand at Jackson, Mpi., 23 Mar. 1855. Nephew of Ch. Justice Marshall ; son of Judge Wra. McClung. When a lad, he enlisted in the navy ; afterward studied law, and practised in Mpi. ; was a lieut.-col. in the Mexican war, and dangerously wounded at Monterey ; and in 1849-51 was chargf d affaires to Bolivia. He delivered an able eulogiura on Henry Clay, at the State Capitol in 1852. A bro. JOHN A. is the author of " Sketches of Western Adven ture," 12mo, Phila. 1832. McClure, ALEXANDER WILSON, D.D., Cong, clergyman, b. Boston, May 8, 1808; d. Canonsburg, Pa., 20 Sept. 1865. Amh. Coll. 1827. And. Sem. 1830. Ord. at Maiden 1832 ; preached there 11 years; then in St. Augus tine, Fla. ; returned to Boston, where he pub. and edited the Christian Observatori/3 years ; was assist, editor of the* Puritan Recorder 3 years ; again preached a few years at Maiden ; was 3 years pastor of the Grand-street Church, Jersey City ; succeeded Dr. Baird as sec. of the Amer. and For. Christian Union ; was some time chaplain at Rome; but in Mar. 1859 was compelled by the asthma to desist from active labor. Author of "The Life-Boat," "Four Lectures on Ultra Universalism," 2 vols. of "Lives of the Chief Fathers of N. E.," " Translators Reviewed," and principal ed. of the " Bi-Centennial Book of Maiden," 1850. McClure, TD AVID, D. D. (D.C. 1 803), min ister of N. Hampton, N.H., from Nov. 13, 1776, to Aug. 30, 1785, and of E. Windsor, Ct., from 1786 to his death, June 25, 1820; b. Brookfield, Ms., 1749. Y.C. 1769. He pub. with Dr. Parish "Memoirs of E. Wheelock," 8vo, 1810; "24 Sermons on the Moral Law," 8vo, 1818; an account of Windsor in " Hist. Colls.," v. ; Oration 1 May, 1783, at the open ing of Phillips Exeter Acad. ; and occasional sermons. McClure, GEN. GEORGE, b. near London derry, Ireland, 1771 ; d. Elgin, 111., Aug. 16, 1851. Emigrating to Baltimore in 1791, he settled in Bath, N.Y., in 1794, and removed to 111. in 1835, where he took an active part in the enterprises and public questions of the day ; and was member of the legisl., sheriff, surro gate, and judge of Steuben Co. In 1813 he com. a brigade on the Buffalo frontier, and was severely censured for the burning of Newark (afterwards Niagara). MacClure, SIR ROBERT JOHN LE ME- SURIER, capt. R. N., b. Wexford, Ireland, 28 Jan. 1807. Was knighted, and given 5,000, for his discovery of the N.W. passage, which has been sought for 3 centuries. (See " Discov. N.W. Passage, by H. M. S. Investigator, Capt. R. MacClure, 1850-4," Lond. 8vo, 1856.) He had served many years in the navy ; was in Capt. Buck s arctic exploring exped. ; accomp. Sir James Ross sexped. in 1848; became a capt. in 1849; and in 1850-1 entered a strait, which he named the Prince of Wales Strait; and, after his ship was frozen in, reached in sledges Mel- villes or Barrows Strait. This is called the first discovery of the N.W. passage. In the next season he discovered a second passage on the north side of Baring Island ; d. Oct. 14, 1873. McClurg, JAMES, M.D., physician, b Hampton, Va., 1747; d. Richmond, July 9, 1825. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1762. Son* of Dr. Walter. Took the degree of M. D. at Edinburgh, in June, 1770, and continued his studies at Paris and London, where he pub. his " Essay on Bile," which was so highly esteemed as to be translated into all the lan guages of Europe. Returning home ab. 1773, he established himself at Williamsburg, where he soon rose to the head of the prof., but re moved to Richmond ab. 1783. He was a long time one of the Council of State in Va., and was a member of the convention that formed the U.S. Constitution. He was killed by his horses running away. Author of some pleasing Vers de Soci&f entitled " The Belles of Williams- burg," written in 1777. Thacher. McClurg, JOSEPH W., soldier and politi cian, b. St. Louis Co., Mo., Feb. 22, 1818. Educated at Oxford Coll., O. ; was a teacher in La. and Mpi. in 1835-7 ; went to Texas in 1841, where he was acim. to the bar, and was clerk of the Circuit Court ; and settled as a merchant in Mo., in 1844. In 1861 he suffered from rebel depredations upon his property ; became col. of the Osage regt., and afterward of a cav. regt. Member of the State conv. of 1862 ; M.C. 1863-9; gov. of Mo. 1869-72. McColl, EVAN, a Canadian poet, b. Ken- more, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1808. In 1837 he began to contrib. to the Gaelic Magazine, Glasgow. He came to Canada in 1850. and holds a post at the port of Kingston. He has pub. " Poems and Songs in Gaelic," and " The Mountain Minstrel." He excels as a song-writer. Among his best songs are " Robin," " Lake of the Thousand Isles," and " Bonnet, Kit, and Feather." Morqan. McConaughy, DAVID, D.D. ( Jeff. Coll. 1833), LL.D. (Wa,h Coll. 1849), pres. of Washington Coll. Pa. (1832-49), b. Menallen, York Co., Pa., 29 Sept. 1775; d. there Jan. 29, 1852. Dick. Coll. 1795. Pastor of Upper Marsh Creek Church, Pa., 1810-32. He taught a school at Gettysburg in 1807-12. Author of " Discourses, Chiefly Biographical," 1850, and some sermons." Sprague. McConnel, JOHN L., author, b. 111. Nov. 11, 1826. He studied law under his fa ther, Murray McConnel, and grad. at the Law School of Transylv. U. in Lexington, Ky. Ho served in Ilardin s regt. in the Mexican war ; and after the battle of Buena Vista, where he was twice wounded, became capt. Re-com mencing the practice of law at Jacksonville, he subsequently resided there. He was a writer of fiction illustrating Western life and character, and published " Talbot and Vernon," 1850; " Grahame, or Youth and Manhood." 1850; " The Glenns," 1851 ; and "Western Charac ters," illust by Darley, 1853. While engaged upon a " Hist, of Early Explorations in Amer ica," he d. from disease contracted in Mexico, Jan. 17, 1862. Duyckinck. McCook, ALEXANDER MCDOWELL, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Columbiana Co., 0., Apr. 22,1831. West Point, 1852. Entering the 3d Inf., he served with distinction against the Indi ans in New Mexico in 1857 ; was assist, inerr. of tactics at West Point 1858-61 ; 1st lii-ut 3V1CC 577 aicc Dec. 6, 1858; capt. May 14, 1861 ; col. 1st 0. Vols. 16 Apr. 1861 ; disting. at the first battle of Bull Run ; brig.-gen. vols. Sept. 3, 1861 ; and maj.-gen. July 17, 1862; disting. at Shiloh, Apr. 7, 1862, and at the siege of Corinth. In Sept. he took com. of the 1st corps of the Army of the Ohio, and fought the battle of Perry ville, Oct. 8, 1862 ; he com. the right wing of the ar my which was discomfited at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862; he was afterward placed in com. of the 20th army corps, and was in the battle of Chickanmuga 19-20 Sept. 1863. Brev. col. for Shiloh; brig.-gen. for Perryville, and maj.- gen. for services during the Rebellion; lieut.- col. 10th U.S. Inf. Mar. 5, 1867. McCook, DAN, brig.-gen. vols., b. Car- rollton, O., 22 July, 1834; killed at Kenesaw Mountain, 17 July, 1864. Bro.of the preceding. Florence Coll., Ala., 1857. Col. 52d 0. Vols. ; served at Perryville, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, and the Atlanta Campaign. The father, Major DAXIEL, b. 1796, d. 19 July, 1863, of wounds received in the fight with Morgan s men, near Buffington Island, O. McCook, ROBERT LATIMER, bro. of the preceding, brig.-gen. vols., b. Columbiana Co., 0., Dec. -2S, 1827; murdered by guerillas while lying sick in an ambulance, near Salem, Ala., Aug. 6, 1862. He practised law at Columbus and Cincinnati; became col. 9th Ohio Vols.; served in Western Va., where he com. a brigade under Gen. Rosecrans; and especially disting. himself at Rich Mountain, Carnifex Ferry, and Mill Spring, Ky., Jan. 19, 1862; was made brig.-gen. Mar. 21; and com. a division in Thomas s corps of Gen. Buell s army. This family contributed 16 of its members to the war. Maccord, DAVID J., lawyer and author, b. St. Mathew s Parish, S.C., Jan. 1797; d. Columbia, S. C., May 12, 1855. S. C. Coll. 1816. Aclm. to the "bar in 1818, he became law-partner of Wm. C. Preston in 1822. State reporter in 1824, he reported the decisions both of the Court of Appeals and of Equity in 1825- 7 (2 vols. 1827-9). He was mayor of Colum bia, where he welcomed Lafayette on his visit in 1825. On retiring from the bar in 1836, he became pres. of the State Bank at Columbia, and edited for a short time the S. C. Latv Jour nal. In 1839 he was app. compiler and editor of the Statutes at Large of S.C. (10 vols. 8vo). Many years a member of the State legisl., and chairman of the important com. on Federal re lations. In 1840 he m. his second wife, a dau. of Langdon Cheves, became a successful cot ton-planter, and a contrib. of articles on poli tics and political economy to the Southern Review and to De Bow s Review. He did much to improve the State judiciary system. He pub. besides the above " Reports on the Consti. Ct. of S.C. 1821-8," 4 vols. 8vo, 1822-30; with II. J. Nott, " Reports of Cases in Consti. Ct. of S.C. 1817-20," 2 vols. 8vo, 1842. McCord, J. S., Canadian jurist, b. near Dublin, IS June, 1801 ; d. 27 June, 1865. He came to Canada in 1 806 ; was called to the bar in 1823 ; made dist. judge in 1841 ; subse quently a judge of the Circuit Ct., and in 1857 of the Superior Ct. of the Montreal dist. In the rebellion of 1837 he com. a brigade of cavalry. One of the founders of the Montreal Nat. Hist. Soc. ; chancellor of the U. of Bishops Coll., Lennoxville. Maccord, LOUISA S., authoress, b. Co lumbia, S.C., Dec. 3, 1810. Dau. of Langdon Cheves; wife of D. J. Maccord. She "was educated in Phila. Marrying in 1840, she soon after went with her husband to their plantation at Fort Motte on the Congaree, a site noted in the Revolution. In 1848 she pub. " My Dreams," and a translation of Bas- tiat s " Sophisms of the Protective Policy ; " in 1851 she produced her tragedy of " Gains Gracchus," and has been a contrib. to the Southern Review, De Bow s Review, and the Southern Lit. Messenger, discussing slavery, woman s rights, &c. McCprmick, CYRUS HALL, inventor of the reaping-machine, b. Walnut Grove, Rockb. Co., Va., 15 Feb. 1809. His education was derived from a common school, and from his father s farm and workshop, in which at 15 he had constructed a cradle used in harvesting in the field. His father in 1816 had invented a reaper; and Cyrus in 1831 invented his ma chine, which he first patented in 1834, patent ing valuable improvements in 1845, 47, and 1858. He removed to Cincinnati in 1845, and in 1847 to Chicago. In 1845 the gold medal of the Amer. Institute was awarded to him for his invention ; at the World s Fair Exhib. in London in 1851 he received the council medal of the Exhib. ; the grand gold medal of the Paris Exposition of 1855; the prize medal of the Lond. Intern. Exhib. of 1862; the first pri/e at the Intern. Exhib. at Lille, France, in 1863; the gold medal of that at Hamburg in 1863 ; from the U.S. Nat. Agric. Soc. at Syra cuse the grand gold medal of honor in 1857 ; the gold medal of the Paris Expos, of 1867, and the order of the Legion of Honor from Napoleon III. In 1859 he founded and en dowed the Theol. Sem. of the North-west at Chicago, and has since endowed a professor ship in Wash. Coll., Va. Sketches of Men of Progress. McCosh, JAMES, D.D., LL.D. (H.U. 1868), pres. of N. J. Coll. since 1868, b. Ayr shire, Scotland, 181 1 . Educated at the Univer sities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. He became a minister of the Free Church of Scotland, and in 1851 prof, of logic and metaphys. at Queens Coll., Belfast, Ireland. Author of " Method of Divine Govt.," &c., 1850; "Intuitions of the Mind," &c., 1860; "Examination of J. S. Mill s Philosophy," 1866 ; and, with Dr. Geo. Dickie, " Typical Forms and Special Ends in Creation," 1869 ; "The Supernatural in Rela tion to the Natural," 1862 ; and has contrib. to various periodicals. McCoskey, SAMUEL ALLEN, D. D., D.C.L. (Oxf.), b. Carlisle, Pa., 9 Nov. 1804. Dick. Coll. Son of Dr. Samuel A. ; grandson of Dr. Nisbet, 1st pres. Dick. Coll. After one year at West Point Acad. and his coll. course, he read law ; was adm. to the bar ; was 2 years dep. atty.-gen. of Cumb. Co.; in 1831 began to study divinity ; was ord. deacon and priest; was rector of Christ Ch., Reading, Pa., one year; was 2 years rector of St. Paul s, Phila.; and 7 July, 1836, was consec. 1st bishop of 573 JVJLAC Mich. ; and was also called to St. Paul s Church, Detroit, of which he was pastor 27 years. Maccrea, JANE, b. Leamington, N. J., 1754 ; killed by the Indians near Fort Edward, N.Y., July 27, 1777. She was the dau. of a Scotch Presb. clergyman settled in N. J., after whose death she went to live with a bro. on the Hudson River, near Fort Edward. The inva sion of Burgoyne caused her bro. to prepare to seek a place of safety ; but, on the morning of the dav of removal, a party of hostile Indians made prisoners of Mrs. McNiel and Miss Mac crea, and hurried them off to Burgoyne scarnp. Soon after the safe arrival of Mrs. McNiel, another party of Indians came in with some fresh scalps, among them one which she readily knew to be that of Miss Maccrea. The event caused a general feeling of horror through the country, and even in Europe; and Burke used the story with powerful effect in the British house of commons. McCulloch, BEN., soldier, b. Rutherford Co., Tenn., 1814; killed in the battle of Pea Ridge, Mar. 7, 1862. Son of Alexander McCul loch, aide to Gen. Coffee in Creek war, 1813- 14. He attended school in Tenn. until he was 14, when he followed the career of a hunter. Emigrating to Texas, he fought as a private artillerist at San Jacinto, and was a capt. of rangers in the Mexican war. He disting. him self at Monterey ; was made quarterm. (rank of maj.) July 16, 1846 ; held the office till Sept. 6, 1847, commanding meanwhile a spy company at the battle of Buena Vista, where he gained new laurels. He afterward joined Gen. Scott s army ; and, for gallant conduct at the taking of the city of Mexico, was made marshal of Texas in Apr. 1853 ; declined the app. of maj. 1st Cav. Mar. 3, 1855 ; and was app. a commiss. by Pres. Buchanan to adjust the difficulties with the Mormons in Utah in May, 1857. App. brig.-gen. of the forces of Ark., he com. at the battle of Wilson s Creek, Mo., Aug. 10, 1861, when Gen. Lyon was killed ; and under Gen. Van Dorn led a corps of Ark., La., and Texas troops at Pea Ridge, falling in the second day s battle. McCulloch, HUGH, financier, b. Kenne- bunk, Me. Studied at Bowd. Coll. in 1824-5, but left on account of ill-health ; was adm. to the practice of law, and settled at Fort Wayne, Ind., in 1833 ; was an officer of the State Bank of Ind. in 1835-57, and its pres. in 1857-63; U.S. compt. of the currency 1863-5 ; sec. U.S. treas. 1865-9 ; since one of the banking-firm of Jay Cooke and McCulloch, Lond. McCurdy, CHARLES JOHNSON, LL.D. (Y.C.), jurist, b. Lyme, Ct, 7 Dec. 1797. Y.C. 1817. His emig. ancestor was of Scotch extrac tion, and came from the north of Ireland. His mother was of the blood of the Griswold and Wolcott families. He studied law with Judge Swift; was prominent in the profession; was a member of both branches of the legisl., and three years speaker of the house; lieut.-gov. 1845-6; U.S. minister to Austria in 1851-2; in 1856 he was app. a judge of the Superior Court; and was subsequently, until 1867, upon the Supreme bench. In Feb. 1861, he was an active member of the Peace Congress. McDonald, DONALD, a loyalist leader in N.C. Gov. Martin, early in the struggle, au thorized him to raise and embody a force on the side of the crown, of which McDonald was to be capt.-gen. His success was, at first, very great. Feb. 26, 1776, he was attacked by the Whigs under Gen. Moore at Cross Creek , and was defeated, and made prisoner. MacDonald, FLORA, celebrated for aiding in the escape of Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, b. South-Uist, Scotland, 1720; if. 4 Mar. 1790. Dau. of MacDonald of Milton. In 1 750 she m. Alex. MacDonald. with whom she came to N.C. in 1773, and settled in Fay- etteville. He was a captain in the Loyal High landers ; and, after experiencing reverses of various kinds, they returned to Skye, Scotland, before the end of the Revol. war. She gave a proof of her courage during an attack on the ship while on the voyage home, taking parr in the action, in which her arm was accidentally broken. Two of her sons were loyalist offi- officers in the Revol. war. One of them JOHN, an accomplished scholar, lieut.-col., and a fel low of the Royal Soc., d. 16 Aug. 1831, a. 72. Macdonald, JAMES, M.D., physician, b. White Plains, N.Y., July 18, 1803; d. Flush ing, L.I., May 5, 1849. Coll. of Phys. and Surgs., N.Y., 1825. Until 1830 he was resident physician of the Bloomingdale Lunatic Asylum. In"l831 the govs. of the N.Y. Hospital sent him abroad to visit the insane hospitals of Eu rope; and on his return he had charge of the asylum until 1837. He was for 4 years a visit ing physician of the N.Y. Hospital. In 1841 he opened a private institution for the insane, first at Murray Hill, and subsequently at Flush ing. In 1842 he began a course of lectures on mental diseases at the Coll. of Phys. and Sur^s., probably the first ever delivered in the U.S. He pub. " A Review of Ferrers on Insanity ; " " Statistics of the Bloomingdale Asylum," 1839; "A Letter to the Trustees of the N.Y. State Lunatic Asylum,"1842; "A Dissertation on Puerperal Insanity ;" " Reports on the Con dition of the Blackwell s Island Asylum." He was acontrib. to the Amcr.Jour of Insanity. MacDonald, JAMES M., D.D ., b. Limerick, Me., 1812. Un. Coll. 1832. Sonof Maj.-Gen. John MacDonald. Ord. Cong. min. 1835, but for some years pastor of the First Presb. Church, Princeton, N. J. Author of " Credu lity as illustrated by Successful Impostures," &c., 1843 ; " Key to Revelation," 1846 ; " Hist, of the Presb. Church of Jamaica, L.I./ 1847 ; "My Father s House," 1855; " Ecclesiastes Explained," 1856. He has pub. sermons in the Nat. Recorder, and contrib. to the Bill. Repertory and the Princeton Reuieic. Altiboite, Macdonald, SIR JOHN ALEXANDER, LL.D., D.C.L. (Oxon.), G.C.B., Canadian statesman, b. Sutherlandshire, Scotland, 1814. Hugh his father settled in Kingston in 1820. The son was called to the bar in 1835 ; became a member of parliament in 1844; receiver-gen. May 21, 1847 ; soon afterward commiss. of crown-lands; and from 1848 to 1854 was a conservative leader of the opposition in the Canadian parliament. In 1857 he became pre mier ; resigned May, 1862 ; atty.-gen. 1854-62, and May, 1864-7; minister of militia IS65-7. MOD 579 JV1CD He was leader of the conservative party of Upper Canada; is an able constitutional law yer, a clever tactician, and a fluent debater. Minister of justice, and atty.-gen. of the Dom. Govt. of Canada in 1867, premier, 1869-Nov. 5, 1873. McDonogh, JOHN, an eccentric and phi lanthropic merchant, b. Baltimore, 1778; d. N. Orleans, Oct. 26, 1850. Removed to N. Or leans in 1800, where, by hard labor and the nar rowest economy, he amassed immense wealth, the bulk of which, by his will, was given in equal portions to the cities of N. Orleans find Baltimore for the purpose of establishing free schools, and an asylum for the poor. A large sum was given to the Am. Colonization Socie ty, to which he was a warm friend. He estab lished a colony in Africa, to which he sent many of his negroes, after giving them an edu cation and a trade. Macdonough, THOMAS, commo. U.S.N., b. New Castle Co., Del., Dec. 23, 1 783 ; d. at sea, Nov. 10, 1825. His father, Maj. McD. (d. 1796), emig. from the north of Ireland at an early age, and was an officer of valor and distinction in the Del. line of the Revol. army, and after ward a judge. Has e der bro. JAMES, a mid shipman in the navy, was disting. in the action between "The Constellation" and " L lnsur- yente" frigate, but, having a foot shot off, was obliged to retire from the navy. Midshipm. Feb. 5, 1800; lieut. 6 Feb. 1807 ; com. 24 July, 1813; and in 1803 was attached to the frigate "Phila delphia/ Capt. Bainbridge, in the squadron em ployed against Tripoli. Aug. 26, 1 803, was cap tured the Moorish frigate "Meshboa;" and Madonough escaped the captivity which sub sequently befell the officers and crew of " The Phila." by being left at Gibraltar with her prize. He afterward served in the schooner " Enter prise/ under Decatur, participating in the vari ous attacks made in 1804 upon the city and bat teries of Tripoli ; and was one of the party which recaptured and destroyed " The Philadelphia " on the night of Feb. 16, 1804. In 1814 he corn, a squadron on Lake Champlain ; and on Sept. 1 1 gained a very important victory over a British squadron com. by Com. George Downie, which outnumbered his in vessels and guns. For this disting. service he was pro moted to capt. (Sept. 11), and received a gold medal from Congress. Numerous^ civic honors were also bestowed on him by different cities and towns; and the legisl. of Vt. presented him with an estate upon Cumberland Head, which overlooked the scene of the engagement. MeDougall, ALEXANDER, maj.-gen. Rev ol. army, b. Scotland, 1731 ; d. N.Y. June 8, ] 7S6. He came to America with his father, who \vas a farmer, ab. 1755 ; settled near N.Y., hi ^ liich city his youth was passed in various active employments. While a printer, the ac tion of the State Assembly in the winter of 1769, in rejecting the vote by ballot, and favor ably considering the bill of supplies for troops quartered in the city, to overawe the inhabit ants, caused him to issue an addrcss ; entitled "A Son of Liberty to the betrayed Inhabitants of the Colony," holding up their conduct to just indignation. This was by vote of the As sembly declared "an infamous and seditious libel ; " and its author was imprisoned. Regain ing his liberty, he entered into corresp. with the master-spirits of the country, and July 6, 1774, presided over the celebrated meeting prepara tory to the election of delegates to the First Congress. App. col. 1st N.Y. regt. ; brig.-gen. Aug. 9, 1776 ; and maj.-gen. Oct. 20, 1777. He superintended the embarkation of the troops on the evening of Aug. 29, 1776, after the defeat on Long Island; was actively engaged on Chat- tertpn s Hill, White Plains (Oct. 1 28), and in various places in N. J. ; and in the spring of 1777 took com. at Peekskill, but was com pelled by a superior force to retreat, destroy ing a considerable supply of stores Mar. 23. He participated in the battle of Gerraantown ; took com. of the posts on the Hudson, Mar. 1 6, 1778; and, assisted by Kosciusko, actively pushed the construction of the fortifications on the Highlands until the close of 1780. He was a delegate to Congress from N.Y. in 1781 and again in 1784-5. In the beginning of 1781 he was app. by Congress minister of marine, but did not remain long in Phila. When the army went into winter-quarters at Newburg in 1783, he was chosen to head the committee sent to Congress to represent its grievances. At the time of his death he was a member of the N.Y. senate, to which he was first elected in 1783. MacDougal, DAVID D., commo. U.S.N., b. Ohio, Sept. 27, 1809. Midshipm. April 1, 1828 ; licut. Feb. 25, 1841 ; com. Jan. 24, 1857 ; capt. Mar. 2, 1864; commo. 1869. Attached to brig " Consort/ coast survey, 1840-3 ; U.S. steamer " Mississippi " at capture of Vera Cruz ; com. steam-sloop " Wyoming/ Asiatic squadron, 1861-4; engaged 6 batteries and 3 vessels of war at Simonsaki, Japan, July 16, 1863 ; com. navy-yard Mare Island, Cal., 1865- 6; steam-sloop "Powhatan," So. Pacific squad., 1868-9; com. South squad. Pacific fleet, 1870. Hamersly. McDoilgall, JAMES A., a U.S. senator, b. Bethlehem, N.Y., Nov. 19, 1817; d. Albany, N.Y., Sept. 3, 1867. Educated at the Albany grammar school. Studied law, and began practice in Pike Co., 111., in 1837; atty.-gen. of that State in 1842 and again in 1844; pur sued the occupation of civil engineer; origi nated and accomp. an exploring expecl. to the Rio del Norte, the Gila, and the Colorado in 1849; and, having settled in San Francisco, resumed there the practice of law. In 1 850 he was atty.-gen. of Cal. ; for a time was a mem ber of the legisl. ; M.C. in 1853-5; U.S sena tor in 1861-7 ; and chairman of the com. on the Pacific Railroad. In the early part of the war, he was identified with the war Democrats, and was a delegate to the Chicago convention which nominated Gen. McClellan for pres. in 1864. He was gifted with remarkable natural elo quence. MeDougall, HON. WILLIAM, Canadian statesman, b. Toronto^ 25 Jan. 1822. His grandfather fought against the Americans in the Rcvol. war. Win., educated at Toronto and at Victoria Coll., was a member of the bar; conducted a monthly agric. journal, of largo circulation, at Toronto, in 1848-58; and in 1850-7 edited and pub. the North-American, which was merged in the Toronto Globe. Elect- 580 M:CE 3(3 to .parliament as a reformer in 1858; corn- miss, of crown-lands, and member exec, council May, 1862-Mar. 1864; app. prov. sec. in June; was made minister of marine in 1866 ; minister of puKic works in the Dom. Govt. since 1867. He is a practical man, ready and powerful in debate, and was a leader of the moderate Lib erals. Men of the Time. McDowell, EPHRAIM, M.D., surgeon, b. Rockbridge Co., Va., Nov. 11, 1771 ; d. Dan ville, Ky., June 25, 1830. Son of Judge Sam uel. Completing his med. studies at Edinburgh, he settled in practice at Danville in 1795, and for years was the leading practitioner in the West. In 1802 he m Sarah, dau. of Gov. Shel by. In 1809 he successfully performed the op eration for extirpation of the ovary, the first on record, and acquired, in consequence, Euro pean celebrity. He also ranked high as a lithot- omist. Gross s Med. Biog. McDowell, IRVIN, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Franklinton, O., Oct. 15, 1818. Nephew of Gen. Cass. Educated at a rnilit. school in France, and at West Point (1838), and, entering the 1st Art., in 1841 was assist, instr. in tactics at West Point, and was adj. there until 1845 ; made 1st lieut. in 1842 ; he accomp. Gen. Wool as aide-de-camp to Mexico in 1846; and at Buena Vista won the brev. of capt. 13 May, 1847; became assist, adj. -gen. (rank of capt.) ; maj. March 31, 1856; and brig.-gen. U.S.A. May 14, 1861 ; two weeks later he took com mand of the dept. of N.-E. Va. ; com. at the first battle of Bull Run, July 21 ; and, after the app. of Gen. McClellan to com. the Army of the Potomac, was placed in charge of a divis ion under him; 14 March, 1862, he was as signed the 1st corps; app. maj.-gen. of vols. ; and early in April his corps was detached from the Army of the Potomac, and he was placed in com. of the dept. of the Rappahannock. He occupied Fredericksburg until the retreat of Gen. Banks down the Valley of the Shenan- doah, when he was recalled to take part in the vain pursuit of " Stonewall " Jackson. June 26, his com. was consolidated with those of Fremont and Banks to form the Army of Va., under Maj .-Gen. Pope, McDowell command ing the 3d corps. He took a prominent part in the campaign between the Rappahannock and Washington, and was highly commended in Gen. Pope s official report, but was relieved at his own request, Sept. 5, 1862, and subse quently com. the dept. of Cal. ; brev. maj.- gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for Cedar Mountain, Va. McDowell, JAMES, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1846), statesman ofVa., b. Rockbridge Co., 1796 ; d. near Lexington, 24 Aug. 1851. N. J. Coll. 1816. Descended from Ephraim, long and honorably known in Rockb. Co. Gov. of Va. 1843-6; M.C. 1845-51. While gov. he favored the proposition for the emancipation of the slaves. An eloquent, upright, and patri otic man, and a friend of temperance. McDowell, JOHN, LL.D., provost U. of Pa. ; d. Franklin Co., Va., Dec. 1820. McDowell, JOSEPH, b. Pleasant Garden, Burke Co., Feb. 25, 1758 ; d. there Aug. 1801. , Major at the battle of King s Mountain; a member of the legisl. in 1780-95 ; and M.C. 1793-5 and 1797-9; member of the conven tion to adopt the Federal Constitution in 1788. and a strong opponent of it. His son JOSEPH J. was M.C. from Ky. 1843-7. His bro. Gen. CHARLES (b. Winchester, Va., 1743, d. Burke Co., N.C., March 31, 1815) was the com. of the dist. in which, during 1780-1, several bril liant actions with the British and Tories took place, among them that of Musgrove s Mill and King s Mountain. Member of the N.C. legisl. in 1778 and 1782-8, and 1809, 1811. McDowell, COL. SAMUEL, a disting. and active Whig of the Revol. ; d. near Danville, Ky., 25 Oct. 1817, a. 84. An early pioneer of Ky., having settled in Danville in 1783. Many years member of the Ky. legisl., and a cir cuit judge, having organized the first court at Danville. Father of Dr. Eph., and Judge Jo seph. Gross s Med. Biog. Macduffie, GEORGE, statesman, b. Co lumbia Co., Ga., ab. 1788 ; d. Sumter dist., S.C., March 11, 1851. S. C. Coll. 1813. He began life as a clerk in Augusta, Ga. ; was adm. to the bar in 1814; practised in Edge- field, S.C. ; was sent to the S. C. legisl. in 1818; and disting. himself as an eloquent speaker and an able political writer. In a political controversy with Col. Wm. Cum- rnings of Ga., which led to more than one duel, he received a bullet-wound in the shoul der. In his writings at this time, embodied in a series of pamphlets entitled " The Crisis," he maintained the principle of consolidation against that of State-rights; M.C. in 1821-5; gov. of S.C. in 1834-6; and U.S. senator in 1842-6. In Dec. 1823 he advocated the ex pediency of changing the Constitution so as to establish uniformity in the mode of electing the members of the house of representatives, and also in the mode of choosing pres. electors. He opposed internal improvements in the States by Congress, and also opposed the Panama Congress. As chairman of the com. of ways and means, he endeavored to maintain the U.S. Bank. He was an opponent of the pro tective tariff, and was prominent in all im portant debates. In Dec. 1830 he made a forcible speech in the impeachment of Judge Peck. In the nullification controversy he il lustrated and vehemently defended the views and positions of S.C. as enunciated by Cal- houn ; and in the S.C. conv. of 1834 he wrote a remarkable address to the people of the U.S. In Congress, few men have treated more ably, or with such eloquence, so great a variety of difficult subjects. He was a very successful planter, and delivered an admirable oration before the State Agric. Society. At one time he was a major-gen, in the State militia. He pub. a Eulogy on R. Y. Hayne, 8vo, 1840. McElligott, JAMES N., LL.D., educator and author, b. Richmond, Va., 3 Oct. 1812; d. N.Y. City, 22 Oct. 1866. Educated at the U. of N.Y. He was teacher and vice-principal there, and afterward conducted McElligott s Collegiate and Classical School until his death. Author of the "Amer. Debater," "Analytical Manual," "Young Analyzer," " Humorous Speaker," and " Humorous Read er," also of lectures, addresses, and essays, and for a time edited the Teacher s Advocate. C ll o 1MCE 581 sen pres. N.Y. Teacher s Assoc. in 1839. He had some skill as a poet. MoEntee, JERVIS, landscape-painter, b. Rondout, N.Y., 1828. He studied under Church in New York in 1850-1 ; opened a studio there in 1858; and in 1861 became known by his " Melancholy Days." Among his best efforts are " Virginia," " Indian Sum mer," " A Late Autumn," " October in the Kaatskills," and " Woods of Asshokan." Tuckerman. McEarland, ASA, D.D. (Y.C. 1812), minister of Concord, N.H., from Mar. 1798 to July, 1824, b. Worcester, 19 Apr. 1769; d. Concord, N.H., 18 Feb. 1827. Dartm. Coll. 1793. Pres. of the State Missionary Soc. Pub. "Hist. View of Heresies/ 1806, 12mo, Concord, and 18 occas. sermons. Me Gee, THOMAS D ARCY, statesman and orator, b. Carlingford, Ireland, Apr. 13, 1825; assassinated at Ottawa, U.C., Apr. 7, 1868. Educated at Wexford, where his father held a custom-house office ; emig. to Amer. in 1 842, and was employed on the Boston press ; but returned to his native country when the Young Ireland movement began ; joined the staff of the Nation, newspaper, and sought to rouse the Irish people to battle for their rights. On the failure of the movement, McGee evaded the British police, and reached America. Es tablished the American Celt in Boston. Origi nally an ardent Republican, his views, during the Know-nothing excitement, underwent a change ; and, from the period of his removal to Canada, he avowed himself a royalist, and, by letters and addresses, did his utmost to turn the tide of Irish immigration from the U.S. to the New Dominion. His ability and eloquence caused him to be chosen to represent Montreal in 1857. In 1864 he was made pres. of the exec, council; in 1867 minister of agric. ; and was chief Canadian commiss. at the first Paris and Dublin exhibitions. He took a prominent part as delegate in all the confer ences held to prorsote the confederation of the Brit. N. Amer. Provinces. His bitter hos tility to the Fenian movement probably occa sioned his assassination, for which James Whe- lan, an Irish Fenian, was tried and executed. Among his pubs are " Lives of Irish Writ ers ; " Hist. Sketches of O Connell and his Friends," 12mo, Bost., 1854; "Canadian Bal lads and Occas. Verses," 1858 ; " History of the Irish Settlers in N.A.," Boston, 1851 ; "Prot. Reformation in Ireland," 12mo, 1853 ; "Pop ular History of Ireland," N.Y., 1862, 2 vols. 8vo ; "Catholic Hist, of N. America," 12mo, 1854 ; " Speeches and Addresses," 1865. McGlll, JAMES, founder of McGill U. Montreal, b. Glasgow, Scotland, Oct. 6, 1744; d. Montreal, Dec. 19, 1813. He came to Can ada when quite young, and, engaging in mer cantile pursuits, amassed a fortune, of which he made the noblest uses. He was successively a member of parliament, of the legisl., and exec, councils, and rose to the rank of brig.- gen. of militia in the war of 1812. More/an. MacGillivray, ALEXANDER, chief of the Creek Indians, b. Coosa River, near Wetump- ka, Ga., ab. 1740; d. Pensacola, Feb. 17, 1793. Son of Lachlan MacGillivray, an Indian trader, by the half-breed dau. of a French officer. He received a good education in New York and Charleston. His father placed him in a counting-house in Savannah ; but distaste for trade led him to return to his Indian rela tives. He soon took a high position among the united tribes of Creeks and Seminoles, and was their leader during the Amer. Re vol., and with his father, who was a col. in the British service, warmly espoused the royal cause. After the war, Alexander, in behalf of the Muscogee confederacy, became the ally of Spain, and a commissary in its service, with the rank and pay of col. He diverted the trade of the Creeks to Pensacola, and long opposed the efforts of the U.S. Govt. to recover it, and obtain the cession of _ disputed lands on the Oconce. In 1790 he signed a treaty, ceding the territory for a pecuniary consideration, and was, by a secret article, app. agent for the U.S., andbrig.- gen. in the army. This treaty lessened his influence with the Creeks ; but he succeeded in obtaining an increase of salary and authority from the Spanish Govt. His hospitality and generosity were almost princely. He was a bro.-in-law of LcClerc Milfort, and an uncle of Wm. Weatherford. Macgregor, JOHN, a British statistician, b. Stornoway, Ross Shire, in 1797; d. Boulogne, April 23, 1857. Placed when young in a com mercial house in Canada, he collected the statistics of the resources of the country, pub. in 1832 in his "British America." Returning to Eng., he was in 1840 a sec. to the board of trade, and M.P. for Glasgow in 1847. He established the Royal British Bank ; but it failed, and he withdrew to Boulogne. He com piled "The Progress of America from the Discovery by Columbus to 1846 ; " " Commercial Statistics of America," 5 vols. 1848-50 ; " Emi gration to Brit. America," 8vo, 1829; and left incomplete a " History of the British Empire from the Accession of James I." McGregore, DAVID, minister of London derry, N.H., from 1736 to his d., May 30, 1777 ; b. Ireland, 6 Nov. 1710. A.M. of N.J. Coll. 1764. Son of James, first minister of L., who settled there in 1719, d. 1729. David was an able and eloquent preacher, and a zealous and intrepid asscrter of the liberties of his country. He pub. some tracts and ser mons. McHenry, JAMES, statesman, b. Md., 1753; d. Baltimore, 8 May, 1816. Aide-de camp to Lafayette, with rank of lieut.-col., in 1780; member Old Congress 1783-6 ; one of the framers of the U.S. Constitution in 1787; and sec. of war 27 Jan. 1796, to 13 May, 1800. Macilvaine, CHARLES PETTIT, D.D., LL.D.(Camb.U. 1858),D.C.L. (Oxf. U. 1853), Prot.-Ep. bishop of Ohio, b. Burlington, N. J., Jan. 18, 1798. N. J. Coll. 1816. Son of Joseph, U.S. senator from N. J. Ord. a deacon July 4, 1 820, and after officiating in Christ Church, Georgetown, Md., was ord. priest in 1822; prof, of ethics, and chaplain at West Point in 1825-7 ; rector of St. Anne s Church, Brook lyn, N.Y. ; and was conscc. bishop Oct. 31, f832. Pres. Kcnyon Coll. 1832-40; now pres. of the theol. sem. of the diocese of O He has pub. " Lectures on the Evidences of M:CI 582 nvici Christianity," delivered in the U. of N.Y. in 1831 ; " Justification by Faith," IGnio, 1840; " Oxford Divinity compared with that of the Romish and Anglican Churches," 8vo, 1841 ; " The Truth and the Life," a vol. of sermons, 1854; and has compiled 2 vols. of " Select Family and Parish Sermons ; " contrib. to many relig. periodicals; d. Mar. 12, 1873. Mcllvaine, JOSEPH, b. Bristol, Pa., 1768 ; d. Burlington, N. J., Aug. 19, 1826. Adm. to the N. J. bar in 1791 ; clerk of Burlington Co. 1800-24; U.S. dist. atty. for N. J. 1801-20; app. judge of the Superior Court in 1818, but declined; U.S, senator 1823-6. Melntosh, DUNCAN, philanthropist, b. Scotland; d. Aux Cayes, Nov. 1820. An American citizen residing at St. Domingo, having by trade acquired great wealth, he sacrificed it freely in behalf of the French popu lation, whom the slaves, bursting their fetters, sought to massacre. During the eight months duration of this terrible convulsion, he saved in vessels, which he freighted for that purpose, over 900 men and 1,500 women and children. Death was decreed to those who should conceal the French ; and he was more than once the inmate of a dungeon. Melntosh, JAMES M., capt, U.S.N., b.Ga,; d. Washington, D.C., Sept.l, 1860. Midshipm. Sept, 1, 1811 ; lieut. April 1, 1818; com. Feb. 28, 1838; capt. Sept. 5, 1849. Mdntosh, JAMES S., col. U.S.A., b. Lib erty Co., Ga., June 19, 1787 ; d. city of Mexico, Sept. 26, 1847. Son of Gen. John. App. lieut. of rifles Nov. 13, 1812; disting. under Maj. Appling at Sandy Creek ; severely wounded in affair near Black Rock, Aug. 3, 1814; served with Gen. Jackson throughout the Indian war ; capt. Mar. 1817; maj. 7th Inf. Sept. 21, 1836; lieut.-col. 5rh Inf. July 1, 1839; brev. col. for gallantry in battles of Palo Alto and R. de la Pa! ma, May 9, 1846, in which he was danger ously wounded ; com. his brigade in Worth s div., and disting. in battle of Churubusco, also at Molino del Rey, where he was mortally wounded. His son JAMES, gen. Confed. army (West Point 1849, capt, 1st U.S. Cav. 16 Jan. 1857), was killed at the battle of Pea Ridge, Mar. 7, 1862. Melntosh, GEN. JOHN ; d. at his planta tion, Melntosh Co., Ga., Nov. 12, 1826, a. ab. 70. Bro. of Gen. Lachlan. An officer of the Ga. line in 1775; he served throughout the war ; com. the fort at Sunbury, with the rank of lieut.-col., when it was besieged by Lieut.- Col. Frascr; displayed great bravery at the battle of Brier Creek, March 3, 1779, and was made prisoner ; maj.-gen. of Ga. militia in U.S. service at Mobile under Jackson, Nov. 1814 to May, 1815. Melntosh, JOHN B., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Fla. 2d lieut. 5th U.S. Cav. June 8, 1861; 1st lieut. June 27, 1862; in the Peninsular battles ; at South Mountain and Antietam ; col. 3d Pa. Vols. Nov. 1862 ; com. brigade at Rappahannock Bridge, Kelly s Ford, Stoneman s Raid to Richmond, Chan- cellorsville, Gettysburg, Warrenton, and Rapi- dan Station ; capt. 5th Cav. Dec. 7, 1863 ; com. cav. brigade at Parker s Store, Wilder ness, Spottsylvania, Haxall s Landing, Yellow Tavern, Ashland, Hawes Shop, Bethesda Church, Southside R.R. (com. division), and battle of Petersburg; brig -gen. vols. July 21, 1864; com. cav. brigade at Winchester, Sum mit Point, and Opequan, where he lost a leg ; brev.-maj. U.S.A. for White-oak Swamp ; lieut.-col. for Gettysburg ; col. for Ashland ; brig.-gen. for Winchester; and maj.-gen. for gallant and merit, services in the field during the war; lieut.-col. 42d Inf. 28 July, 1866; Retired brig.-gen. 30 July, 1870. Henry. Melntosh, GEN. LACHLAN, b. near Inver ness, Scotland, March 17, 1725; d. Savannah, Feb. 20, 1806. John More his father, the head of the Borlam branch of the clan Melntosh, with 100 adherents, came to Ga. with Oglcthorpe in 1736, and settled at New Inverness in what is now Melntosh Co. He originated the protest made by the colonists to the board of trustees in Eng. against the introduction of African slaves into Ga. Of his sons and grandsons, seven bore commissions in the Revol. army. Made a prisoner by the Spaniards, and sent to St. Augustine, Lachlan was left to the care of his mother at the age of 13. His opportuni ties of education were few; but, in the study of mathematics and surveying, he received great assistance from Oglethorpe. Arrived at matu rity, he went to Charleston, became a friend of Henry Laurens, whose counting-room he en tered as clerk. Returning to his friends on the Altamaha, he m., and became a land-sur veyor. He acquainted himself with military tactics, and, when the Revol. War began, was first app. col., and Sept. 16, 1776, brig.-gen. Persecuted beyond endurance by his political rival, Button Gwinnett, he pronounced him a scoundrel, and, in the duel which ensued, killed him. He afterwards com. in the Western dept., and led an exped. against the Indians in the spring of 1778, succeeding with a small force in restoring peace on the frontier ; returned* to Ga. in 1779; and was at the siege and fall of Savannah. He was with Lincoln at Charleston when he was made a prisoner. Member of Congress in 1784. In 1785 he was one of the commiss. to treat with the Southern Indians. See Nat. Port. Gallery. Melntosh, MARIA J., authoress, b. Sun- bury, Ga., 1803. Her father Major Lachlan Melntosh, son of Col. Wm., and grandson of John More, was a lawyer and soldier. She was educated at the Sunbury Acad. ; after 1835 she resided in New York with a married sister, and then with her bro., Capt. James M. Melntosh, U.S.N. She lost her property in the crash of 1837, and, resorting to her pen for sup port, produced in 1841 her first tale " Blind Alice," under the pseudonymeof " Aunt Kitty." She has since pub. " Jessie Graham ; " " Flor- ence Arnott;" "Conquest and Self-Con quest," 1844 ; "Praise and Principle ; " " Wo man an Enigma ; " " Two Lives, or to Seem and to Be," 1846 (all collected in a single volume in 1847) ; " Charms and Counter- Charms," 1848; "Donaldson Manor," 1849; "Woman in America," 1850; " The Lofty and the Lowly," 1853; " Violet, or the Cross and the Crown," 1856; "Meta Gray," 1858; "Two Pictures," 1863, &c. Melntosh, GEN. WILLIAM, a Creek half 583 breed warrior, b. Coweta, Ga. ; killed May 1, 1825. His father was Capt. Wm. M., a Scotchman ; his mother, a native Indian. The son was tall, well-formed, intelligent, and brave. Joining the American forces in 1812, he was highly commended by Gen. Floyd for bravery at the battle of Autossee, in which he was a major; was disting. at the battle of the Horse Shoe, and also in the Florida campaign. His connection with the treaty at the Julian Springs in 1825 was the cause of his being killed by the Indians opposed to a cession of their lands to the U.S. Ga. Colls. 170. McKay, DONALD, ship-builder, b. Shel- burne, N.S., 1809; learned the art in N.Y. City ; began business for himself at Newbury- port, Ms., and in 1845 removed to East Bos ton. He built many fast clipper-ships for the Cal. and Australian trade, and 4 Oct. 1853, launched " The Great Republic," of 4,500 tons. McKean, JOSEPH, D.D. (All. Coll. 1817), LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1814), scholar, b. Ipswich, Ms., Apr. 19, 1776; d. Havana, Mar. 17, 1818. li. U. 1794. His father, a native of Glasgow, came to Amer. in 1763; his mother was a dau. of Dr. Joseph Manning of Ipswich. He taught school a few years in Ipswich, and the acad. in Berwick; and Nov. 1, 1797-Oct. 3, 1804, was minister of Milton ; afterward a teacher in Boston ; and Boylston prof, of rheto ric and oratory in H. U. from Oct. 31, 1809, to his d. Member of the Ms. Hist. Society, also of that of N.Y., and of the Amer. Acad. He pub. " Sacred Extracts," for the use of schools, ISmo, 1814; some sermons, and Me moir of John Eliot in the Colls, of the Ms. Hist. Soc., 2d ser. v. i. McKean, THOMAS, LL.D., jurist and Revol. patriot, b. Chester Co., Pa., March 19, 1734 ; d. Phila. June 24, 1817. After an aca demic and professional course of study, he was adm. an atty., and soon obtained the app. of dep. atty. -gen. in the county of Sussex. In 1757 he was adm. to the bar of Pa., and elected clerk of the Assembly ; member of the Assembly for the county of New Castle 1762- 79. In the Gen. Congress at N.Y. in 1765, he, with Lynch and Otis, framed the address to the British house of commons ; and was app. judge of the C. C. P., and of the Orphans Court for New Castle. In 1771 he was app. coll. of the port of New Castle ; member of the Cont. Congress in 1774 ; and was annually re-elected until Feb. 1783, being the only man who was without intermission a member during the whole period of the war. In 1778 he was one of the convention which framed the Arti cles of Confederation ; in 1781 he was pres. of Congress. In addition to his congressional duties, in 1777 he officiated as pres. of the State of Del ; and held from July, 1777, until 1 799, the office, and executed the duties, of chief justice of Pa. He was particularly active and useful in promoting the Decl. of Indep., which he signed ; and a few days after that event marched with a battalion" to Perth Amboy, N.J., to support Washington. He returned to Del. to prepare a constitution for that State, which he drew up in the course of a night, and iv hich was unanimously adopted the next day by the Assembly. At that period, as he relates, he was " hunted like a fox by the enemy : " he was compelled to remove his family five times in a few months ; and at length placed them in a little log-house on the banks of the Susque- hanna ; but they were soon obliged to leave this retreat on account of the Indians. Gov. of Pa. from 1799 to 1808; and in 1790 he was a member of the convention which framed the constitution of Pa. He was highly esteemed for integrity, impartiality, and learning. In politics he was one of the leaders of the repub lican party ; as a member of the convention of Pa.., he urged the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. McKean, WILLIAM W., commo. U. S. N , b. Pa. 1801 ; d. near Binghamton, N.Y., 22 Apr. 1865. Son of Judge McKean ; nephew of Gov. McKean. Midshipman 30 Nov. 1814; lieut. 13 Jan. 1825; com. 8 Sept. 1841 ; capt. 14 Sept. 1855; commo. 16 July, 1862; gov. Naval Asylum 1858-61 ; retired 16 July, 1862. Com. a schooner in Porter s West India squad. 1823-4 ; and active in suppressing piracy there. In 1860 on special service of conveying the Japanese Embassy home ; and on his re turn, was for a short time in com. of the W. Gulf blockading squadron. McKee, WILLIAM R., col. U.S. Vols., b. Ky. 1808 ; killed in battle of Buena Vista, Mexico, 23 Feb. 1847. West Point, 1829. Lieut, of U.S. Art. ; resigned Sept. 1836 ; rail road engr. 1836-46 ; col. 2d Ky. Vols. 9 June, 1846. Gardner. McKeen, JOSEPH, D.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1804), educator, b. Londonderry, N.H., Oct. 15, 1757 ; d. Brunswick, Me., July 15, 1807. Dartm. Coll. 1774. At college he evinced a strong predilection for mathematics. After teaching for some time, and being an assistant in the And. Acad., he was ord. pastor of the church in Beverly, May 11, 1785. From Sept. 2, 1802, until his death, he was first pres. of Bowd. Coll. He pub. sermons, and some papers in the " Transactions " of the Amer. Academy. Mackeever, ISAAC, commodore U.S.N., b. Pa. Apr. 1793; d. Norfolk, Va., Apr. 1, 1856. Midshipman Dec. 1,1809; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814, and com. a gunboat in the flotilla of Lieut. Jones, which was captured by the British on Lake Borgne, La., Dec. 1814. In the en gagement, which was very warm, he was severely wounded. In the galliot " Sea Gnll," in 1825, aided by some boats of the British frigate " Dartmouth," he, after a sharp fight, captured two pirate schooners. May 27, 1830, he was made a com. ; and a capt. in Dec. 1838. He corn, the squadron on the coast of Brazil in 1851-4. His son CHAUNCEY MCKEEVER West Point, 1849, was brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, services during the Re bellion. A. A. G. rank of maj. 17 July, 1862. Mackellar, THOMAS, poet, b. New York, Aug. 12, 1812. Son of an officer of the Brit, navy, who emigrated to N.Y. At. 16 he entered the printing-establishment of the Harpers. In 1833 he removed to Phila., where he became senior partner of the great type-foundry of Lawrence Johnson and Co. He early wrote for the Journal of the Sunday-School Union. He MLA.C 584 pub. "Droppings from the Heart," 1844; "Tarn s Fortnight s Rambles/ 1847; and " Lines for the Gentle and Loving," 1853. McKendree, WILLIAM, D.D., bishop M.E. Church, b. King William Co., Va., July 5, 1757 ; d. Mar. 5, 1835. During the Eevol. war he attained the rank of adj. In 1787 he be came a Methodist; in 1791 he was made an elder; app. to several offices of importance and trust ; was sent to the first general conf. ; and was afterward made pres. elder of a new conf. in the Far West. Chosen bishop May 1 2, 1 808, during that year he visited with Bishop Asbury nearly the whole of the U. S. and a part of Canada. McKermey, COL. THOMAS LORRAINE, author, b. Hopewell, Md., 21 Mar. 1785; d. New York, 20 Feb. 1858. Educated at Wash. Coll., Chestertown, and became a merchant in Georgetown, D.C. App. in 1816 supt. of U.S. trade with the Indian tribes, and in 1824 of the bureau of Indian affairs in the war dept., and in 1826 a special commiss. with Lewis Cass to negotiate a treaty with the Chippeway Indians at Fond du Lac. Author of " Tour to the Lakes, and Treaty of Fond du Lac," 8vo, 1827 ; " Memoirs Official and Personal," 8vo^ 1846 ; and, with James Hall, "History of In dian Tribes," &c., 3 vols. fol. 1838-44. Red Book of Mich. Mackenzie, SIR ALEXANDER, traveller, b. Inverness, Scotland ; d. Dalhousie, Mar. 12, 1820. At one time a Canadian merchant en gaged in the fur-trade. Previous to com mencing his journey across the continent, he passed a year in Eng., acquiring a knowledge of astronomy and navigation. He then re turned to Chippewyan, where he had been stationed for 8 years, and June 3, 1789, set out on his exped. At the western part of the Great Slave Lake he entered a river, to which he gave his own name, being then in a track wholly new to Europeans. He followed the course of the stream till the 12th of July, when, the ice opposing further passage, he returned to Fort Chippewyan, where he arrived Sept. 27. 69 I N., was the northern boundary of his voyage. And in Oct. 1792 he undertook a more hazardous exped. to the western coast of N.A., and succeeded in July, 1793, in reach ing Cape Menzics, so named by Vancouver, lat. 52 21 N., and long. 128 12 W. Mac kenzie returned to England in 1801, and in the following year was knighted. He pub. with excellent maps " Voyages from Montreal through the Continent of N. America to the Frozen and Pacific Oceans in the Years 1789 and 1793," Lond. 1801. Mackenzie, ALEXANDER SLIDELL, naval officer and author, b. New York, Apr. 6, 1803; d. Tarry town, Sept. 13, 1848. Son of John Slideil, a merchant of New York, and bro. of Senator John Siidell, and in 1837 added, at the request of a maternal uncle, his mother s family name, Mackenzie, to his own. He en tered the navy Jan. 1, 1815, as a midshipman. At the age of 19 he took command of a mer chant-vessel to improve himself in seamanship. Lieut. 13 Jan. 1825; com. Sept. 8, 1841. In 1825 he visited Europe, and pub. his " Year in Spain." Alter his return home from a three- years cruise in the Mediterranean in 1833, ha jpub. a vol. of Popular Essays on Naval Sub jects. " The American in England," and " Spain Revisited," were the fruits of a subse quent tour; and in 1836 he pub. an enlarged edition of the " Year in Spain." His cruise in 1842 in the brig " Somers " gave him an unhappy notoriety. A mutiny among the crew, headed by *a midshipman, having been discovered, a council of officers was held, which ordered that the three most guilty should suf fer death at the yard-arm, which sentence was promptly carried" into effect. Individuals cen sured Lieut. Mackenzie for undue severity ; but the tribunals to which he was amenable acquit ted him of blame. (See his Defence before the Court-Martial, N. Y., 8vo, 1843.) Ord nance officer under Com. Perry in " The Mis sissippi " at Vera Cruz ; com. the 2d division of art. detached from the fleet in the storming and capture of the city of Tabasco, June 16, 1847. He pub. Lives of Paul Jones, O. II. Perry, and Stephen Decatur. Mackenzie, CHARLES KENNETH, F.R.S., author, b. Scotland, 1788; d. by the conflagra tion of the Rainbow Hotel, New York, July 6, 1862. He was a ripe scholar, an excellent lin- guist, with great and versatile literary attain ments, having been a contrib. to the Edinburf/h and Quarterly Reviews, and " The Encyclopaedia Britannica, and also leading editor of a London daily conservative journal. He was a doctor both of law and medicine. In his youth he was an aide-de-camp of the Duke of Welling ton ; in 1823 he accornp. to Mexico the British commiss. on therecognition of her independence, and was app. consul for Vera Cruz; in 1825 he was sent consul-gen, to Hayti; and in 1830 was commiss. of arbitration to the mixed coin- mission at Havana. A dispute with the foreign office in Nov. 1834 ended his connection with the British Govt. He had resided in the U.S. about 14 years when he died. Mackenzie, ROBERT SHELTON, M. D , D.C.L. (Oxf. 1844), LL.D. (Glasgow, 1834), journalist, b. Drew s Court, Limerick Co., Ire land, June 22, 1809. Educated at a school in Fermoy, where his father, originally a British officer, was postmaster; at the age of 13 was apprenticed to an apothecary in Cork; passed his medical examination; opened a school in Fer moy; and in 1829 became editor of a journal pub. in Staffordshire, Eng. In 1830-1 he was employed in literary labors in London. Be tween 1834 and 1851 he was the English cor- resp. of the N.Y. Evening Star, besides contrib. frequently to Amer. periodicals. In 1847 he was an active member of Lord Brougham s Law Amendment Society. In the latter part of 1852 he came to New York, where for several years he wrote for some of the principal jour nals; in 1857 he became literary and foreign editor of the Phila. Press. Among his pubs. are " Lays of Palestine," 1829 ; " Titian," an art novel, 1 843; "Partnership en Cominandite ," 8vo, 1847; "Mornings at Matlock," 1850, a collection of fugitive magazine pieces; SheiFs " Sketches of the Irish Bar," 1854, with mem oirs and notes; an edition of the "Noctcs Am- brosianae," with sketches of the contributors, and notes, 5 vols. 1854; " Bits of Blarney/ 585 MCK 1855 ; " Dr. Maginns s Writings and others; " "Tressillianand his Friends/ 1859 ; an edition of the "Memoirs of Robert Houdin," 1859; "Life of Charles Dickens," 1870; "Life of Sir Walter Scott," 1871. Appleton. Mackenzie, WILLIAM LYON, leader of the Canadian insurgents in 1837-8, b. Springfield, Forfarshire, Scotland, Mar. 12, 1795; d. To ronto, Aug. 28, 1861. At 17 he commenced business, and kept a circulating-library in Ayleth, near Dundee, and afterward went to Eng., where he was a clerk in the employ of Lord Lonsdale. He came to Canada in 1820; was employed as supt. over the works of the Lachine Canal ; and was engaged in the book and drug trade in Toronto, with success, until 1823, when he entered upon political life. From May 18, 1824, until 1833, he edited the Colonial Advocate at Niagara, freely criticising the acts of the govt., which made every effort to suppress it; and in 1826 a mob destroyed the office. This riot brought him more prom inently into notice; and in 1828 he was chosen to parliament from York Co. For an alleged libel upon the Assembly in his newspaper, he was five times expelled, and as often re-elected. The Assembly, at last, refused to issue the writ for a new election. In May, 1832, he went to Eng. with a petition of grievances to the im perial govt. In 1836 he was the first mayor of Toronto. The rebellion with which his name is so conspicuously connected was quickly subdued; but it awakened the attention of the home govt. to various abuses, and brought about beneficial changes. Outlawed by his govt., he fled to the U. S., where he was arrested, and sentenced to 18 months imprisonment for a breach of the neutrality laws; and was confined in Monroe Co. jail, Rochester, N.Y. He after ward pub. Mackenzie s Gazette, and was long connected with the N.Y. Tribune. Having re ceived a pardon, he returned to Canada in 1850, and was again a member of the Assembly until 1858. It is generally conceded that he acted from a thoroughly honest motive; and it is un questionable that he did his share to advance the cause of civil liberty in his adopted country. While in New York he pub. some political pamphlets, one of which (Sketches of Wm. L. Marcy, Jacob Barker, and others, 8vo, 1845), compiled from papers found in the custom house, professedly exposed the intrigues of several prominent political leaders, and created much excitement. His admirers raised a sum sufficient to purchase him a small annuity and a residence near Toronto. Author of " Sketches of Canada and the U.S.," Lond. 12mo, 1833. Morgan. Mackenzie, RANALD S., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point (1st in class), 1 862. Son of Com. A. S. Mackenzie, U.S.N. Entering the engr. corps, he became 1st lieut. 3 Mar. 1863; capt. 6 Nov. 1863; col. 2d Ct. Heavy Art. 10 July, 1864; brig.-gen. vols. 19 Oct. 1864 ; col. 4th Cav. 6 Mar. 1867. He was in the action at Kelly s Ford, Va., 20 Aug. ; brev. 1st lieut. 29 Aug. 1862, for battle of Manassas, where he was wounded ; engr. of Sumner s div. at Fredericksburg ; brev. capt. 3 May, 1863, for Chancellorsville; maj. 4 July, 1863, for Gettysburg; served through the Rich mond campaign, and brev. lieut.-col. 18 June, 1864, for Petersburg, Va. ; com. brigade 6th corps in Shenandoah campaign, and engaged at Opequan, Fisher s Hill; and brev. col. 19 Oct. 1864, for Cedar Creek, where he was wounded ; and com. a cavalry division at the battle of Five Forks; brev. maj. -gen. vols. 31 Mar.; and brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar., for gal lant and merit, services in the field during the Rebellion. Culium. Mackey, ALBERT GALLATIN, physician and author, b. Charleston, S.C-, 1807. M.D. of S.C. Coll. 1832. He procured by school- teaching the means of preparing himself foi the medical profession. After practising some years, he was in 1838 elected demonstrator of anatomy in S.C. Med. Coll. In 1844 he be came connected with the Literary Bulletin, Southern Patriot, Evening News, and other Charleston periodicals ; established a Masonic monthly in 1850, which he continued 3 years; and a quarterly in 1858-60. He has lectured upon the middle ages, and has prepared a work on the subject of abstruse symbolism. Author of "Lexicon of Freemasonry," 1845; "The Mystic Tie," 1849; "Principles of Masonic Law," 1856; "Book of the Chapter," 1858; and " Text-Book of Masonic Jurisprudence," 1859. Mackie, JOHN MILTON, author, b. Ware- ham, Ms., 1813. B.U. 1832, where he was tutor 1834-8, and subsequently travelled in Europe. In 1845 he pub. "Life of Leibnitz," and contrib. to Sparks s " Am. Biog." a " Life of Samuel Gorton;" in 1848 " Cosas de Es- pana ; " " Life of Schamyl, the Circassian Chief," 1856; " Life of Tai-Ping- Wang, Chief of the Chinese Insurrection," 1857; and "From Cape Cod to Dixie," a vol. of travels, 1864. Contrib. to the N. A. Review, principally of articles on German literature and history. McKinley, JOHN, jurist, b. Va., May 1, 1780; d. Louisville, Ky., July 19, 1852. He removed to Ky. ; thence to Ala. ; was U.S. senator from Ala. from 1826 to 1837; and in that year was app. a justice of the Supreme Court of the U.S. McKinly, JOHN, M.D., physician and statesman, b. Ireland, Feb. 24, 1724; d. Wil mington, Del., Aug. 31, 1796. He settled in Wilmington in early life, and soon became eminent in his profession. He filled several important public posts, and in 1777 was the first pres. of the State of Del. Captured by the British Sept. 13, 1777. McXinstry, JAMES P., commo. U.S.N., b. New York, Feb. 9, 1807. Midshipm. Feb. 1, 1826; lieut. Feb. 9, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 2;", 1866; com. mail-steamer "Georgia" 1854-5; steamer "Dakotah" 1861 ; steam sloop "Monou- gahela," at Port Hudson and Vicksburg, 1863, and wounded ; d. Detroit, Feb. 11, 1873. McKnignt, CHARLES, M.D., physician, of Irish descent, b. Cranberry, N. J., Oct. 10, 1750; d. New York, 1791. N. J. Coll. 1771. Son of Charles, a Presb. clergyman. He studied medicine with Dr. Shippen, and, entering the Revol. army, became sen. surgeon of the middle dept. He settled in N.Y. after the war ; m, the dau. of John Morin Scott ; was partk-ularlj IVICL 586 eminent as a surgeon, and was for some time prof, of anatomy and surgery in Col. Coll. He pub. a paper in Memoirs of Lond. Med. Soc., vol. iv. McLane, COL. ALLEN, a brave and enter prising Re vol. officer, b. Aug. 8, 1746 ; d. Wil mington, Del., May 22, 1829. He removed to Kent Co., Del., in 1774. At the commence ment of the Revol. he held an estate in Phila. worth $15,000, the whole of which he sacrificed in the sendee of his country. As a vol. he witnessed the repulse of the British at Great Bridge, Va. In 1775 he became lieut. in Caesar Rodney s Del. regt. In 1776 he joined the army of Washington ; disting. himself at the battle of Long Island ; was at White Plains and Trenton ; and, by his good conduct and gallantry at Princeton, won from Washington the commission of capt. in 1777. He com. the outposts of the army around Phila., and was engaged in the battle of Monmouth. In July, 1779, he was made maj. of the inf. of Lee s Legion, taking part in the brilliant affairs of Paulus Hook and Stony Point ; and was at the siege of Yorktown. In a personal combat with three British dragoons, near Frankford, Pa., he killed one, wounded another, and the third retired. He was a member and speaker of the legisl. ; 6 years a privy councillor; many years judge C.C.P.; marshal Del. dist. 1790-8; and collector of the port of Wilmington from 1808 until his death. McLane, GEN. JEREMIAH, a Western pioneer and politician, b. 1767 ; d. Washington, March 19, 1 837. He was a soldier of the Revol. Settled at Chillicothe in 1790; was sec. of state of O. 21 years ; removed to Columbus in 1816 ; and was M.C. in 1833-7. MoLane, Louis, statesman, b. Smyrna, Kent Co., Del., May 28, 1786; d. Baltimore, Oct. 7, 1857. Newark Coll. Son of Col. Allen. Entered the navy as midshipm. in 1 798, and cruised one year in " The Philadelphia," Com. Decatur. He began to study law in 1804 with James A. Bayard ; was adm. to the bar in 1807; M.C. 1817-27; on the Mo. question he voted against permitting slavery in that State, in opposition to his constituents, but in obedience to bis own convictions ; U.S. senator 1827-9; minister to Eng. May, 1829-31 ; sec. U.S. treasury 1831-3 ; sec. of state 1833 ; retired from political life in 1834. Pros, of the Bait, and O. Railroad Co. from 1837 to 1847. In June, 1845, he was intrusted by Pres. Polk with the mission to Eng. during the Oregon negotiations. His last public service was as a di lcgate to the reform convention at Annapolis, in the winter of 1850-51. McLane, ROBERT MILLIGAN, son of Louis, b. Del. June 23, 1815. Educated at Wash. Coll., D.C., St. Mary * Coll., Bait., and West Point, 1837. He was in Europe with his father in 1 829-31 . Served in Florida, the Cherokee country, and in the north-west, and resigned in 1843 ; adrn. to the Bait, bar in 1843; member Md. legisl. in 1845-7; M.C. 1847-51 ; minister to China 1853-5; and min ister to Mexico from Mar. 1859 to Nov. 1860. McLaughlin, EDWARD A., b. N. Stam ford, Ct., 9 Jan. 1798. Pub. in Cincinnati in Oct. 1841, " The Lovers of the Deep," and other poems. See Poets and Poetry of th West. McLaws, LAFAYETTE, gen. C.S.A., b. Ga. West Point, 1842. Entering the 6th Inf., he became 1st lieut. Feb. 16, 1847 ; capt. Aug. 24, 1851; and resigned Mar. 23, 1861. Engaged during the Mex. war at defence of Ft. Brown, battle of Monterey, and siege of Vera Cruz. He became a maj .-gen. in the Confed. army ; com. a division in Lee s army ; disting. at the 2d Fredericksburg battle, May 3, 1863, in which he forced Gen. Sedgewick s corps across the Rappahannock ; was at Gettys burg ; opposed Sherman s advance at Pocota- ligo Bridge, N.C., 15 Jan. 1865; and at Averys- borough, 17 Mar. 1865 ; surrendered with John ston s army, 26 Apr. 1865. McLean, Canadian jurist, b. St. Andrew s, U.C., Apr. 1791; d. Oct. 1865. Educated at the Cornwall grammar school, he served through the war of 1812, and was wounded at Qucenstown. Called to the bar, he became in 1837 judge of the Court of King s Bench, and afterwards chief justice of U.C. Several years a member, and twice speaker, of the legisl. assembly of U.C., and opposed the union of the two provinces. Maclean, COL. ALLAN, a British officer, b. Torlish, Scotland, ab. 1725; d. 1784. A lieut. in the Scots Brigade in the Dutch service in 1747, and taken at the siege of Bergen Op Zoom. Obtaining in 1757 a comp. in the 62d regt., he left the Dutch service; came to America ; Avas at the taking of Ft. Duquesne in 1758; served under Amherst in 1759; and raised the 114th Highlanders, of whom he was maj. comg. Made lieut.-col. 25 May, 1771 ; in 1775 he came again to America ; raised a corps known as the Roy. Highland Emigrants, and threw himself into Quebec, 12 Nov. 1775, just in time to prevent its surrender to Arnold, and to render great service during its siege. Not withstanding this, it was not until after a visit to England, and at the close of 1778, that his regt. was put on the army establishment, when it was numbered the 84th. He was a brave and active officer; made a col. in Jan. 1780. McLean, DANIEL VERCH, D.D., Presb. clergyman and author, b. 1801 ; d. pastor of a church at Red Bank, N. J., 23 Nov. 1869. Miami U. Several years pastor of the Old Tennent Church, Freehold, N. J. ; pres. of Laf. Coll., Easton,Pa., 1854-64. Maclean, JOHN, M.D. (U.of Aberd. 1797), chemist and physician, b. Glasgow, Mar. 1771 ; d. Princeton, Feb. 1814. Son of an eminent surgeon. After studying at various cities, he commenced the practice of surgery at Glasgow in 1791. He came to Amer. in 1795, and was app. prof, of chem. and nat. history in the Coll. of N. J., and subsequently of naf. philos. and mathematics, which he resigned in 1812, having been app. prof, of nat. philos. and chem. in Wm. and Mary Coll. His priii- " ; 1 pub. was " Lectures on Combustion." le also wrote other papers in the controversy with Dr. Priestly, pub. in the N.Y Med. Repos. McLean, JOHN, merchant, whose name ia perpetuated by the McLean Asylum for the Insane, at Somcrville, Ms., b. 1759"; d. Oct 1823. 587 MCM: He once failed for a large sum, and went through bankruptcy. Subsequently acquiring wealth, he paid his former creditors in full. He bequeathed $100,000 for the Ms. Gen. Hospital, and $50,000 more to that and to H.U. McLean, JOHN, LL.D. (H.U. 1839), jurist and statesman, b. Morris Co., N. J., Mar. 11, 1785; d. Cincinnati, O., Apr. 4, 1861. In 1789 his father removed to Va., thence to Ky., and in 1799 to Warren Co., O. Here the son received a scanty education, laboring on the farm until 16 years of age ; was in 1807 adm. to the bar, and commenced practice at Lebanon, O. M.C. in 1813-16, supported Madison s administration, originated the law to indemnify individuals for property lost in the public ser vice, and introduced a resolution inquiring into the expediency of giving pensions to the wid ows of the officers and soldiers who had fallen in their country s service. From 1816 to 1822 he was a judge of the Ohio Supreme Court; in 1822 he was app. commiss. of the gen. land Office ; and in July, 1 823, he became postmaster- gen. After refusing the offer of the war and navy depts., he in Jan. 1830 entered upon the duties of a justice of the U.S. Sup. Court. His charges to grand juries while on circuit were disting. for ability and eloquence. One of the ablest of these was delivered in Dec. 1838, in regard- to aiding or favoring unlawful mili tary combinations by our citizens, against any foreign govt. or people with whom we are at peace, with special reference to the Canadian insurrection and its Amer. abettors. In the Dred Scott case he dissented from the decision of the court as given by Chief Justice Taney, and expressed the opinion that slavery has its origin merely in power, and is against right, and in this country is sustained only by local law. Long identified with the party opposed to the extension of slavery, his name was be fore the free-soil convention at Buffalo in 1848, as a candidate for nomination as pres. He pub. "Reports U.S. Circuit Court, 1829-42," 2 vols. 8vo ; Eulogy on James Monroe, 1831 ; occasional addresses, &c. Mac Lellan, ISAAC, Jun., b. Portland, 1810. Bowd. Coll. 1826. Practised law in Boston, but withdrew to Long Island, and en gaged in agriculture. Author of " The Fall of the Indian, with other Poems," 1830; "The Year and Other Poems," 1832 ; " Miscellane ous Poems," 1844; "Journal of a Residence in Scotland," &c., 1834; "Mount Auburn and Other Poems,"! 843. See Griswold s Poets of Amer. McLeod, ALEXANDER, D.D. (Mid. Coll. 1809), Presb. clergyman and author, b. Island of Mull. June 12, 1774 ; d. N.Y. Feb. 17, 1833. Un. Coll. 1798. Son of Rev. Niel of St. Kil- da. Came to the U.S. at the age of 18, studied theology, and was settled pastor of the First Ref. Church in N.Y. He was a powerful preacher, a man of learning and wisdom, and a devout Christian. Among his pubs, are " Ne gro Slavery Unjustifiable/ 1802; "On the Messiah," 1803; "On the Catechism," 1807; "On the Ministry," 1808; "Life and Power of Godliness," 1816; "Lectures on Revela tions," 1814; and "Sermons on the War," 1815. He assisted Dr. Mason in editing the Christ. Mag. See Memoir by Dr. S B. Wylie. 1855. Macleod, XAVIER DONALD, author, b N.Y. Nov. 17, 1821 ; crushed to death by rail, road accident near Cincinnati, July 20, 1865. Col. Coll. Son of Alexander. He took orders in the Epis. Church in 1845, was settled for a short time in a rural parish, and travelled abroad 1850-2. After his return he devoted himself to literary pursuits, contributing to va rious magazines, and pub. " Pynnshurst," N.Y., 1852 ; " Life of Sir Walter Scott," " The Bloodstone," 1853 ; " Life of Mary Queen of Scots," 1857 ; " The Elder s House ; " " Chateau Lescure ; " and " A Life of Fernando Wood," 1856. His fugitive poems, some of which have great merit, are his most characteristic pro ductions. In 1857 he became editorially con nected with the Leader, newspaper at St. Louis. He subsequently became prof, of rhetoric and belles-lettres at Mount St. Mary s Coll. near Cincinnati, and was ord. a priest in the R.C. Church. Maclure, WILLIAM, geologist, b. Ayre, Scotland, 1763 ; d. San Angel, near the city of Mexico, 23 Mar. 1840. In his youth he had a strong predilection for the natural sciences. At 19 he visited the U.S., but returned to Lon don, where he acquired a fortune by commer cial pursuits. In 1796 he again came to the U.S., and formed the plan of making geol. surveys of the whole country. In the course of his pedestrian journeys, he crossed and re- crossed the Alleghany Mountains 50 times. Constructed maps showing the results of his labors, pub. in the Trans, of the Amer. Philos. Soc., and pub. his Geol. Memoir in 1817. Pres. of the Phila. Acad. of Nat. Hist. 1817- 40. In the Journal of this acad. he pub. the results of 20 visits to the W. I. Islands. In 1803 he was in Europe as one of the commiss. to settle the claims of Amer. citizens against France for spoliations of Amer. commerce. In 1819-24 he was in Spain, where he attempt ed to establish an agric. school. He purchased land and erected buildings near Alicante; but on the overthrow of the govt. his property re verted to the church, from which the land had been confiscated. He then made a geol. tour through Southern Spain. He endeavored in 1825 to establish a similar agric. school near New Harmony, Ind., but did not succeed. In 1827, hoping to restore his health, he took up his residence in Mexico, where he wrote his " Opinions on Various Subjects," mainly on polit. economy, 2 vols. 1837. His " Catalogue of Min. and Geol. Specimens at N. Harmony " was pub. 1840. He gave over 5,000 vols. to the library of the Phila. Acad., to which body his gifts amounted to $25,000. Many of his contribs. are in the early vols. of Silliman s Jour, of Science. See Notice by S. G. Morton, in Amer. Jour, of Science, xlvii. 1. McMahon, BARNARD, founded in 1809 a botanic garden near Phila.; d. Sept. 1816. He pub. in 1806 " The Amer. Gardener s Cal endar." McMaster, ERASMUS D., D.D., Presb. clergyman (son of Dr. Gilbert), b. Pa. 1806; d. Chicago, Dec. 10, 1866. Un. Coll. 1827. Licensed to preach in 1829 ; ord. 1831, and 588 pastor at Ballston, N.Y. ; pres. of the S. Han over Coll., Ind., 1838-45, of the Miami U. 1845-9 ; prof, of syst. theol. in the N. Albany Theol. Sem. 1849-66; and was then app. to the same chair by the Gen. Assembly of the Theol. Sem. of the North-west. Author of some religious works, some sermons, addresses, &c. McMaster, GILBERT, D.D. (Un. Coll. 18:28), a Presb. clergyman, b. Ireland, Feb. 13, 1778 ; d. N. Albany, Ind., Mar. 17, 1854. Jeff. Coll. 1803. While yet a child, his father came with his family to this country, and settled as a fanner in Franklin Co., Pa. Ord. Aug. 8, 1808, and was settled as pastor of the cong. in Duanesburg, N.Y., where for 32 years, and as pastor of the church in Princeton, Ind., from 1840 to 1846, he exercised his ministry with great acceptance. Author of " An Essay in Defence of some Fundamental Doctrines of Christianity ; " " An Analysis of the Shorter Catechism," 1815 ; "An Apology for the Book of Psalms ; " " The Moral Character of Civil Govt. considered," 1832; "Thoughts on Union in the Church of God," 1846 ; various occasional sermons, synodical speeches, eccle siastical papers, and articles in periodicals. MacMichael, MORTON, journalist and orator, b. Burlington Co., N. J., Oct. 20, 1807. Contrib. to Phila. periodicals from 1824 to 1844. Since that year, editor of the Phila. North- American. A specimen of his verse is in the Phila. Book, 1836. Allibone. McMin, JOSEPH, gov. of Tenn. 1815-21 ; d. Cherokee Agency 17 Nov. 1824. McMurtrie, HENRY, M.D., prof, of anat omy and philos. in the Phila. .high school ; d. Phila. 26 May, 1865, a. 73. Author of some valuable text-books and " Sketches of Louis ville," 8vo, 1819. MacNab, SIR ALAN NAPIER, a Cana dian statesman, b. Niagara, Feb. 19, 1798 ; d. Toronto, Aug. 8, 1862. His father was a lieut. of dragoons in the Queen s Rangers, and prin cipal aide-de-camp to Gen. Simcoe during the Revol. war. At the attack of Toronto by the Americans, Apr. 27, 1813, Alan, then a school boy, earned a musket; soon after entered as a midshipman on board Sir James Yeo s ship, but abandoned the navy for the army; was ensign of the 100th Regt.; was present at the capture of Fort Niagara; and com. the advanced guard at the battle of Plattsburg. After the war, he studied law, and practised in Hamilton, acting, also, as clerk of the jour nals in the Assembly of U.C. Chosen mem ber of the Assembly in 1 829 ; he was subse quently speaker of the lower house. During the insurrection of 1837-8 he com. the militia on the Niagara frontier, with the rank of col. He routed the insurgents near Toronto, Dec. 7, 1837, and seized and burnt the steamer " Car oline," employed in conveying men and supplies to them from the American side. This act, although it excited much angry comment in the U.S., was approved by the Brit. Govt. For his eminent services in quelling the insurrec tion, he was knighted July 14, 1838. After the union of the two provinces of Canada in 1 844, he became speaker of the new legisl., and was prime-minister from 1854 to 1856; created a bart. in Feb. 1858. In Oct. 1857 he retired from public life, but in 1860 was chosen a member of the western division of the legisl. council. Morgan. McNair, GEN. ALEXANDER, gov. Mo. 1820-4, b. Pa.; d. May, 1826. App. lieut. inf. Jan. 8, 1799; disk June, 1800. He was an early emigrant to Mo. Terr.; adj. and insp. gen. 1812; col. Mo. militia in U.S. service 1813; beheld also an important olHce in the Indian dept. Gardner. McNeil, GEN. JOHN, b. Hillsborougli, N.H.,1784; d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 23, 1850. App. capt. llth Inf. Mar. 12, 1812; maj. Aug. 15, 1813; brev. lieut.-col. for Chippewa, July 5, 1814; brcv. col. for the battle of Ni agara, July 25, 1814, in which he was severely wounded; lieut.-col. 1st Inf. Feb. 24, 1818; brev. brig.-gen. July 25, 1824; col. 1st Inf. Apr. 28, 1826; resigned Apr. 23, 1830; app. surveyor of the port of Boston 1829. Gardner. McNeil, GEN. JOHN, b. Brit. Provinces, of Amer. parents, ab. 1820. He learned the hatter s trade in Boston, which he carried on successfully in St. Louis for 20 years. Pla cing himself by the side of Gen. Lyon, he entered the service May 8, 1861 ; routed the rebel brigadier Harris at Fulton ; was placed by Fremont in com. of St. Louis ; made col. 19th Mo. Yols. 3 Aug., and early in 1862 took com. of a cav. regt., and of the dist. of N.E. Mo., which he soon cleared of guerillas, de feating Porter at Kirkeville, 6 Aug. He was made a brig.-gen. 29 Nov. 1862, and distiug. him self in defence of Cape Girardeau in the spring of 1863, and during the raid by and pursuit of Gen. Price in Oct. 1864. McNeil, GEN. WILLIAM GIBBS, engineer and soldier, b. N.C., 1802 ; d. Brooklyn, Feb. 16, 1853. West Point, 1817. Entering the art. he rose to the rank of maj. of topog. engrs., and resigned Nov. 23, 1837. He was many years employed as a railroad engr., and in building the dry docks at Brooklyn. During the Dorr excitement in R.I., he com. the State troops as maj .-gen., acting throughout with prudence and firmness. Gardner. McNeven, WILLIAM JAMES, M.D., scho lar and physician, b. Galway Co., Ireland, Mar. 26, 1763; d. N.Y. City, July 12, 1841 ; educated at the colleges of Prague and Vienna, at the latter of which he grad. in 1784. He became a member of the society of United Irishmen, and after an imprisonment of 4 years was liberated, and passed the summer of 1802 in travelling through Switzerland on foot, of which journey he pub. an account, entitled " A Ramble m Switzerland." He was subse quently a capt. in the Irish brigade of the French army, but resigned his commission, and emigrated to Amer., arriving at New York July 4, 1804. From 1808 to 1830 he was a prof, in the Coll. of Phy_s. and Surgs., or in a med. school connected with Rutgers Coll., N.J. In 1812 he was app. by Gov. Clinton resident physician; in 1840 was a second time nomi nated to the same office; and in the cholera season of 1832 he was one of the medical coun cil. He pub. an " Exposition of the Atomic theory;" "Pieces of Irish History," 8vo, 1807 ; " Use and Construction of the Mine Auger/ 589 Lond. 1 788 ; and an edition of Brande s chemis try, besides occasional addresses, and he was also a contrib. to scientific journals. Gross s Med. Biog. McNutt, ALEXANDER G., gov. of Mpi. 1837-41, b. Rockbridge Co., Va., 1801 ; d. De Soto Co., Mpi., Oct. 22, 1848. Wash. Coll. Va. In 1824 he removed to Jackson, and subsequently to Vicksburg, Mpi., where he practised law. In 1835 he was elected to the State senate from Warren Co. Careless, slovenly, and intemperate in the earlier part of his life, his vices were latterly all correct ed. He was formidable in debate, and upon " the stump " had no superior. Macomb, ALEXANDER, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Detroit, 3 Apr. 1782; d. Washington, 25 June, 1841. His father Alex., member N.Y. legisl. at the adoption of the U.S. Const., d. Georget., B.C., 19 Jan. 1831, a. 82. He had 6 sons in the war of 1812-15. Alex, was edu cated in Newark, N.J. ; was app. cornet, of cav. 10 Jan. 1799 ; became maj. corps of engs. 23 Feb. 1808; lieut.-col. 23 July, 1810; col. 3d Art. 6 July, 1812 ; brig.-gen. 24 Jan. 1814 ; maj.-gen. 24 May, 1828; gen.-in-chief from that date until his d. Engaged in construct, and rep. of fortifications, chiefly in the Caroli- nas, 1805-12; acting adj. -gen. of the army 28 Apr. to 6 July ; engaged at Sackett s Harbor, N.Y. ; bombard, of Ft. Niagara 21 Nov. 1812 ; capture of Ft. George, U.C., 27 May, 1813; com. the forces which gained the victory of Piattsburg, 1 1 Sept. 1814, for which he received thanks of Cong., a gold medal, and brev. of maj.-gen. ; com. of engineers, and insp. Milit. Acad. 1821-8; and took the field for a short time in the Fla. war in 1836. Author of trea tise " On Martial Law and Courts-Martial," 1 809. See Memoirs by Geo. H. Richards, N. Y. 1833. Macomb, WILLIAM H., commo. U.S.N., b. Detroit, Mich., June 16, 1818. Son of the preceding. Midship. Apr. 10, 1834 ; lieut. Feb. 27, 1847 ; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866; commo. July, 1870. In sloop "Ports mouth," E. I. squad., 1856-8; engaged and captured the barrier forts, Canton, China, Nov. 16-22, 1856; com. " Metacomet," Paraguay exped., 1859; steamer " Genesee," 1862-3; attempted the passage of confed. batteries at Port Hudson, Mar. 14, 1863; and was in fre quent actions with confed. batteries in April- June, 1863 ; com. " Shamrock/ N.A. block. squad., 1864-5; com. naval force in capture of Plymouth, N.C., Oct. 30, 1864; and in ac tion with confeds. on the Roanoke River, near Poplar Point, N.C., and for his gallantry and energy in this service was advanced in grade ; com. steam-sloop " Plymouth," Europ. squad., 1 869; d. Phila,, Aug. 12, 1872. //a>m%. Macon, NATHANIEL, statesman, b. War ren Co., N.C., 1757 ; d. there June 29, 1837. Sent to Princeton to complete his education, he returned home when the Revol. closed the halls of science, and vol. as a private in the romp, of his bro. Col. John Macon. He was present at the fall of Charleston, the rout of Camden, and the retreat of Greene across Caro lina. Alember of the General Assembly in 1780-5. About this time he m. Miss Hannah Plummer. He opposed the adoption of the U S. Constitution as conferring too much powe? on the new govt. ; and he twice declined the postmaster-generalship tendered by Jefferson. M.C. 1791-1815; U.S. senator 1816-28; from 1801 to 1806 he was speaker of the house; and from 1825 to 1828 he presided pro te/npore in the senate ; pres. of the State Const. Conv. of 1835. The State preserved the memory of his services by naming a county after him in 1828. He was the bosom-friend of Jefferson and Madison ; and no one was more devoted to him than John Randolph, who characterizes him in his will as " the best and purest and wisest man that I ever knew." A sketch of his life by E. R. Cotton was pub. at Balti more, 1840. McPherson, EDWARD, LL.D. (Pa. Coll. 1867), b. Gettysburg, Pa., 31 July, 1830. Pa. Coll. 1848. He edited a paper at Harrisburg a few years ; was M.C. 1859-63 ; clerk of that body 1863-9 ; and sec. " Union National Com mittee" 1860-4. Author of a "Political Histo ry of the U.S. during the Rebellion," and a " Political Manual," and of two series of Let ters on the Internal Affairs of Pa. He has de livered many addresses on literary and other topics. One of the proprietors and editor of the Gettysburg Sentinel. Macpherson, JAMES, author of the " Poems of Ossian," b. Inverness, Scotland, 1738; d. Feb. 17, 1796. In 1764 he accomp. Gov. Johnston to Fla. as private sec. ; but after spending a short time there, and visiting other parts of N.A., he returned to Lond. in 1766. In 1775 he supported the measures of Lord North, by his " Rights of Great Britain over her Colonies asserted," and was rewarded with the lucrative office of agent to the nabob of Arcot, and a seat in house of commons. McPherson, JAMES BIRDSEYE, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Clyde, Sandusky Co., O., 14 Nov. 1828; killed near Atlanta, Ga., 22 July, 1864. West Point, 1853 (1st in his class). Entering the engr. corps, he was assist, instr. at West Point in 1853-4 ; was engaged on the defences of N.Y. harbor in 1854-7, and in San Fran cisco Bay in 1858-61 ; 1st lieut, 13 Dec. 1858 ; capt. 6 Aug. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. 15 May, 1862; maj.-gen. vols. 8 Oct. 1862; brig.-gen. U.S.A. 1 Aug. 1863 for his great services in the capture of Vicksburg. Nov. 12, 1861, he was aide-de-camp to Gen. Halleck, and chief engr. of the Army of the Tenn. ; at the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, the battle of Shiloh, the operations around Corinth, the battle of luka, and the second battle of Cor inth. In the advance through Central Mpi. in Nov. and Dec. 1862, he com. one wing of the army (the 17th Corps) with great ability. At the battle of Port Gibson, the advance from Hankerson s Ferry to Jackson, the 17th Corps fought the bulk of Johnston s army alone, and was conspicuous at Champion Hills. He repulsed the enemy at Canton, Mpi.; was second in com. to Gen. Sherman in the exped. to Meridian in Feb. 1864; and in the Atlanta Campaign disting. himself at Re- saca, Dallas, Allatoona, Kulp House, and Kenesaw ; having been app. 12 Mar. 1864, com. of the dept. and Army of the Tenn. In MAC 590 the battle before Atlanta he held the left of the line. While superintending an advance of the skirmish-line he was ambushed and shot. He was one of the ablest officers of the army. Macpherson, GEN. WILLIAM, b. Phila. 1756 ; d. near there, Nov. 1813. Son of Capt. John, and Margaret, sister of Dr. John Rod- gers of N.Y. His education was completed at Princeton, N.J. App. a cadet in the British army at 13, he became lieut. and adj. of the 16th Regt. He joined the Amer. army on the Hudson ab. the end of 1779, and was app. by Washington a brev. major. After serving as aide-de-camp to Lafayette, he was afterwards app. by Washington to com. a partisan corps of cavalry, which served in Va. in 1 781 . App. surveyor of the port of Phila. Sept. 19, 1789; insp. of the revenue, Mar. 8, 1792 ; and naval officer, Nov. 28, 1793, which office he held till his death. He was made a col., subsequently brig.-gen. of militia, and Mar. 11, 1799, was app. brig.-gen. of the provisional army of the U.S. ; bro. of JOHN, aide to Montgomery, who fell at Quebec. A son, JOSEPH STOUT, capt. U.S.N., d. 28 Apr. 1824, a. 35. Rogers. McRae, JOHN J., gov. Mpi. 1854-8 ; b. Wayne Co., Mpi. ab. 1810; d. Balize, British Honduras, May 30, 1868. U. of Mpi. 1834. He received a good education ; adopted the profession of the law ; was frequently elected to the State legist., officiating during 2 sessions as speaker ; was also elected to the State senate ; was in 1851 for a short time in the U.S. senate ; M.C. 1858-61. Joined in the Rebellion, but did not become prominent. Mac Rea, WILLIAM, col. U.S.A. ; d. near Shawneetown, 111., Nov. 3, 1832, a. 65. App. from Va. lieut. of levies of 1 791 ; wounded at St. Clair s defeat, Nov. 4, 1791 ; capt. Dec. 1794; capt. art. June, 1798; mnj. July 31, 1800; lieut.-col. Apr. 1814, disting. in battle of N. Orleans; brev. col. Apr. 19, 1824. Gardner. McRee, GRIFFITH JOHN, lawyer and author, b. Wilmington, N.C., 20 Sept. 1819. N.J. Coll. 1838. Adm. to the bar 1841 ; m. Penelope, dau. of Gov. Iredell. Author of " Life of James Iredell," 2 vols. 8vo, 1857. Grandson of Col. G. J. McRee (b. N.C. 1753, d. Wilmington, N.C., Oct. 1801), nephew of William, who came from Down Co., Ireland, and in 1 737 was a judge at Wilmington, N.C. ; maj. and lieut.-col. in the Revol. army; capt. artillerists and engs. June 2, -1794; collector of revenue dist. of Wilmington, N.C., Apr. 1798. His father, James F., an eminent phy sician and naturalist, b. Wilmington, 1778, d. in the fall of 1869 (Coll. of Phys. and Surgs., N.Y.). G. J. was a member of the N.Y. and Wise. Hist. Societies, and of the N. E. H. and Geneal. Society ; d. Wilmington, Apr. 23, 1872. McRee, WILLIAM, colonel U.S.A., son of Col. G. J. McRee, b. Wilmington, N.C., Deo. 13. 1787; d. St. Louis, Mo., 10 Sept. 1832. West Point (lieut. of engrs.), 1805. Capt. 23 Feb. 1808; major, July 31, 1812; chief engr. in Gen. Brown s army, 1814 ; brev. lieut.-col. for gallant conduct* in battle cf Niagara, July 25 ; brev. col. for disting. and merit, service in defence of Fort Erie, Aug. 15, 1814; lieut.-col. Nov. 12,1818; U.S. surveyor- gen, public lands, 111., Mo., and Ark. Terri tories, Jan. 1825 to 1832. In 181 6 he was sent with Major Thayer on a mission to France to collect scientific and military information for the military acad. Resigned 1819. He pos sessed a highly cultivated mind and excellent judgment. - ^McSparran, JAMES, D.D. (U. of Glasg. 1737), an Episc. clergyman, b. Ireland; d. S. Kingston, R.I., Dec. 1, 1757. Ord. deacon, Aug. 21, and priest, Sept. 25, 1720, he was sent as a missionary to Narragansett, R.I., where he spent the rest of his useful life. Arriving Apr. 28, 1721, he immediately commenced his labors in the Church of St. Paul s, Kingston. Wilkins Updike has pub. a large octavo vcl. of interesting notes, biographical and historical, relative to this society. May 22, 1722, he was m. to Hannah, dau. of William, and sister of Dr. Sylvanus Gardiner of Boston. Dr. Mc- Sparran pub. a series of letters entitled "Amer ica Dissected," an historical tract of merir, 1752; also sermons and other occasional pro ductions elicited bv incidents in his ministrv. MacVickar, JOHN, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1825), author and c. erg., b. N.Y. Aug. 10, 1787; d. Bloomingdale, N.Y., Oct. 29, 1868. Col. Coll. 1804. After spending some time at Cambridge, Eng., he was ord. an Episc. clerg., and in 1811 was settled over a parish in Hyde Park, N.Y. In 1817-57 he was prof, of moral philos., rhet oric, and belles-lettres in Col. Coll.; prof, o f nat. and rev. religion in 1857-64 ; and after ward emeritus prof, and chaplain at Govern or s Island. Author of " A Domestic Narra tive of the Life of Saml. Bard," 1822 ; " Outlines of Political Economy," 1825; "Early Years," 1834; "The Professional Years of Bishop Ho- bart," 1836; "Remains of Rev. Edmund D. Griffin, with Memoir," 2 vols. 8vo, 1831 ; " On Abolishing Damages on Protested Bills," e., 8vo, 1829 ; " Hints on Banking," 1827 ; and of numerous essays, addresses, &c. See Lite by W. A. McVickar, New York, 1871. Macwhorter, ALEXANDER, D.D. (Y.C. 1776), Presb. divine, b. Newcastle Co., Del., 15 July, 1734; d. Newark, N.J., 20 July, 1807. N.J. Coll. 1757. Settled near Newark m 1759; was employed in a mission to N.C. in 1764-6 ; and in 1 775 was sent by Congress to the western counties of N.C. to persuade the numerous roy alists there to adopt the patriot cause. Chap lain to Knox s brigade in 1778; settled in Char lotte, N.C., in 1779, but from 1780 to his death preached in Newark. In 1788 he was promi nent in settling the confession of faith, and form ing the constitution of the Presb. Church. In 1800 he pub. a century sermon at Newark, and in 1803 a coll. of sermons in 2 vols. Sjmnjue. Me Willie, WILLIAM, politician, b. near Liberty Hill, Kershaw Dist., S.C., Nov. 17, 1795; d. Kirkwood, Mpi., Mar. 3, 1869. S.C. Coll. 1817. During the war of 1812 with Eng., he served as adj. in the regiment of his father, Col. Adam McW. Adm. to the bar in 1818, he became a successful lawyer; many years a representative and senator in the S.C. legisl.; and in 1845 removed to Mpi., where he had established a large planting interest 10 years before. M.C. from Mpi. 1849-51 ; and gov. in 1858-60. He was active and prominent in the Rebellion. 591 Madison, GEORGE, soldier and statesman, b. Va. 1763; d. Paris, Ky., Oct. 14, 1816. Having at an early period removed to Ky., at the age of 17 he served as a soldier on our west ern frontier, and was engaged in several bat tles with the Indians. He com. a company, and was wounded, under St. Glair; lieut. Ky. mounted vols. under Maj. Adair; wounded m action with Indians, near Fort St. Clair, Nov. 6, 1792 ; maj. Ky. vols. in battle with British and Indians at Frcnchtown, Jan. 18, 1813 ; and under Wilkinson in his defeat at River Raisin, where he was taken prisoner. After being 20 years auditor of the public accounts, he was chosen gov. of Ky. for 4 years in 1816, but d. a few weeks after his election. Bro. of bishop M. Madison, JAMES, 4th pres. of the U.S., b. Port Conway, King George Co., Va., 16 Mar. 1751; d. Montpellier,Va., 28 June, 1836. N. J. Coll. 1771. Son of Col. James and Nelly Con- way. He studied law, and by close application injured his health. In 1776 he was elected to the Va. Assembly; in 1778 to the exec, coun cil, and in 1779 to Congress. In this body he strongly opposed the issue of paper money by the States ; as chairman of the com. to prepare instructions to the U.S. foreign ministers, drew up an able paper in support of our territorial claims and the free navigation of the Mpi., and zealously advocated in 1783 the establishment of a system of general revenue. Member of the convention which in 1787 formed the U.S. Constitution, taking a prominent part in the debates, and supporting it in a series of able essays in the Federalist, and also in the Va. convention of 1788. M.C. 1789-97, uniting with the Republicans as a moderate opponent of the administration of Washington ; and in 1793 declined the post of sec. of state vacated by Jefferson. He opposed the alien and sedi tion laws of 1798, and was the author of a se ries of resolutions adopted by the legisl. of Va., and known as the "Resolutions of 1798," which protested against all attempts to increase the power of the govt. by forced constructions of general clauses of the Constitution. Sec. of state in 1801-9; elected pres. in 1808; and re- elected in 1 81 2. On taking his office 4 Mar. 1 809, he found the U.S. involved in disputes with the British Govt. upon the impressment of her sea men, the searching of her vessels for deserters, and upon commercial restrictions by orders in council. Non-intercourse was decreed in May, 1810, and war was declared 18 June, 1812. Can ada was invaded ; Washington was captured and the Capitol burned in Aug. 1814; and 8 Jan. 1815, Jackson achieved a splendid victory at N. Orleans. A treaty of peace was signed at Ghent 24 Dec. 1814; but the right of search was not relinquished. After his retirement, he passed his days on his farm at Montpellier. Dorothy Tpdd, whom he m. in 1794, and who long occupied a prominent place in society, d. 12 July, 1849, a. 82. Madison was the per sonal and political friend of Jefferson, though their characters were essentially different. His " Reports of the Debates in the National Con vention of 1787" were pub. 3 vols. 8vo, 1840, under the supervision of H. D. Gilpin. He was a member of the Va. convention of 1829 to amend its constitution. His complete works have been pab. in 6 vols. 8vo. See W. C. Rives s Life and Times of Madison, 3 vols. 1859- 68; J. Q. Adams s Life of Madison, 1850. Madison, JAMES, D.D., Pr.-Epis. bishop of Va., b. near Port Republic, Va., Aug. 27, 1749 ; d. Mar. 6, 1812. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1768. Son of John, who was cousin of the fa ther of President Madison, and for a long time clerk of West Augusta. At an early age the son was sent to an acad. in Md. Among other honorable testimonials of proficiency, he re ceived in 1772 the gold medal assigned by Lord Botetourt for the encouragement of classical learning. He studied law under Mr. Wythe, and was adm. to the bar, but devoted himself to the church. In 1773 he was chosen prof, of mathematics in Wm. and Mary Coll., of which he was pres. from 1777 to his death. He visited London, where he continued until the latter part of 1778, enjoying the instruction of Cavallo in nat philos., and of other disting. men in various branches of science. In 1784 he gave up the mathematical dept. of the coll., and became prof, of nat. and moral philos., and continued in this office until his death. In 1788 Mr. Madison was chosen bishop of the Pr.-Ep. Church, and was consec. in Eng. Sept. 19, 1790. Various universities and literary so cieties subsequently conferred their honors on him. Under his care the coll. of Wm. and Mary advanced steadily in reputation. His only publications were several occasional discourses, a "Eulogy on Washington," 1800, a large map of Virginia, and papers in Barton s Jour nal, and in "Trans. Amer. Soc." ii., iii., iv. Madockawando, sachem of Penobscot, was a powerful chief in the war of 1676. He assisted the Frenchman Pontneuf at the cap ture of Casco Fort in May, 1690, and June 10, 1692, co-operated with the French in the un successful attack on Storer s garrison in Wells, com. by Capt. Convers. He afterward entered into the treaty at Pemaquid ; but Thury the missionary persuaded him again to take up the hatchet. In 1694 he accomp. the Sieur de Villiers with 250 Indians in the attack at Oyster River, Piscataqua, killing and capturing, July 17, nearly 100 persons, and burning 20 houses. He fought bravely, carried his scalps to Canada, and was rewarded by Frontenac. Madrid de, JOSE FERNANDEZ, b. Cartha- gena, S. America, 1789; d. 1830. Chosen pres. of the republic of New Granada in 1816, but in the same year was made prisoner by the Spaniards; escaping after 9 years imprison ment at Havana, he was employed by Bolivar as secret agent at Paris. Author of " Atala," a tragedy. Maffitt, JOHN NEWLAND, an eloquent Meth. preacher, b. Dublin, Ireland, Dec. 28, 1794; d. Mobile, Ala., May 28, 1850. He be came a preacher in Ireland, and displayed remarkable oratorial powers. He came to the U.S. in 1819 ; was adm. into the N.E. conf. ; and for 13 years was app. to some of the must Krominent churches. Removing to New York, e preached, lectured, and delivered addresses, in various parts of the country. In 1833 he was connected with the Western Methcdist, a weekly journal. His labors as a preacher al the West and South were attended with great 1MA.G- 592 MAI success. He was elected to the chair of elocu tion and Belles-lettres in La Grange Coll., Ala., in 1837, and was chaplain to Congress in 1841. In 1847 he took up his residence in Arkansas. Author of "Poems," 12mo, Louisville, 1839; " Tears of Contrition " (an autobiog.), 12mo, 1821. See Trial of J. T. Buckingham for libel on, 1822. His son, JOHN NEWLAND, a capt. in the confed. navy, entered the U.S.N. as mid- shipm. in 1832 ; was a com. in 1861, and dur ing the Rebellion did great damage to U. S. cammerce in " The Florida." Magaw, ROBERT, col. 6th Pa. Regt. in the Revol. army; d. Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 1789. He quitted the Phila. bar to join as major, Thomp son s rifle regt. ; com. at Ft. Washington, and, after a brave defence, was compelled to sur render that post 16 Nov. 1776. Magellan or Magalhaens, FERDINAND DE, a famous Portuguese navigator, b. ab. 1470; d. Apr. 27, 1521. He served under Albuquerque in the East Indies, and especially (listing, himself at the taking of Malacca in 1511. He afterward entered the Spanish ser vice, and was intrusted by Charles V. with the com. of a fleet destined to explore a pas sage to the Molucca Islands, by sailing west ward. The voyage was begun Sept. 20, 1519; ab. the end of Oct. 1520, he entered the straits since called after him ; and Nov. 27 discovered and named the Pacific Ocean. Continuing his course, he arrived at the Ladrone Islands ab. 6 March, 1521, and subsequently at the Philip pines, on one of which he lost his life in a skir mish with the natives, or, as some accounts state, by the mutiny of his crew. One of his ships, with 18 men, escaped, and reached Seville, Sept. 8, 1522, under Sebastian del Cano, who first circumnavigated the globe. An Italian named Pigafetta, who accomp. Magellan, kept a journal of this last voyage, which was pub. See flavor s Voyaqes, v. 1. Maginnis, JOHN, journalist, b. Dromore, Ireland, 1814 ; d. N. Orleans, 3 Mar. 1863. A resident of N.O. ; many years connected with the press ; one of the editors of the Picayune, 1843-5 ; 18 Nov. 1849, he commenced to pub. the True Delta, which he made one of the most popular, influential, and profitable papers of the day. MagOOn, ELISHA L., D.D., Baptist clergy man and author, b. Lebanon, N.H., Oct. 20, 1810. His father was an architect. He was a bricklayer s apprentice between the ages of 16 and 20. Ord. in 1840, he was 6 years pas tor of the Second Baptist Church at Richmond, Va. ; then made the tour of Europe, and on his return became pastor of a church in Cincinnati. In 1849 he removed to N.Y. City, and became pastor of the Oliver-street Baptist Church ; in 1857 he was settled in Albany. He has pub. "Orators of the Amer. Revol.," N.Y. 1848; " Living Orators in America," 1849 ; " Crumbs for the People," 1 849 ; " Republican Christian ity," 1849; "Western Empire," 1856; "Elo quence of the Colonial Times," Gin. 1847 ; and " Eloquence and Liberty," an oration at Lex ington, Va., 24 June, 1846. Magruder, ALLAN B., lawyer and U.S. senator from La. in 1812, b. Ky. ; d. Opelousas, La., Apr. 1 822. He pub. " Reflections on the Cession of La.," 8vo, Lexington, 1803; "A Character of Mr. Jefferson ; " and had collected materials for a gen. hist, of the Indians. Magruder, GEN. JOHN BANKHEAL-, b. Port Royal, Caroline Co., Va.. 1811 ; d. Hous ton, Tex., 19 Feb. 1871. West Point, 1830. First lieut. 7th Inf. March 31, 1836; capt. 18 June, 1846; in 1847 was brev. major for gal lantry at Cerro Gordo, and lieut.-col. for Cha- pultepec, where he was wounded ; and com. the light battery with Gen. Pillow s division. He resigned Apr. 20, 1861 ; was made a col. in the Army of Va., and com. at Yorktown until its evacuation, May 3, 1862, having received the successive grades of brig, and maj. gen. in the Confed. service. He took part in the battles of the Chickahominy campaign ; Oct 16, 1862, was put in command of the forces in Texas, Arizona, and N. Mexico, and com. the exped. which obliged the national forces to evacuate Galveston. Maham, COL. HEZEKIAH, Revol. officer, b. parish of St. Stephens, S.C., June 26, 1739 ; d. 1789. Member of the first Prov. Congress of S.C.; capt. in Huger s regt. in the spring of 1776; was at the siege of Savannah and the battle of Stono ; was a com. of horse in Marion s brigade, and lieut.-col. of an independent cav. corps ; and bore an efficient and conspicuous part in the capture of several British posts in S.C. In the attack on Fort Watson, Maham suggested the erection of a quadrangular tower of sufficient height to overlook the stockades. Upon the top of this a parapet was made, affording shelter for marksmen. This rendered the post untenable, and it was obliged to sur render. Lossing. Mahan, DENNIS HART, engineer, b. N.Y. City, April 2, 1802; drowned near Stony Pt., on the Hudson, Sep. 16, 1871, W. Pt., 1824. Assist, prof, maths, there, 1821-5 ; asst. prof, eng. 1825-6; act. prof, milit. and civil eng. 1830; prof, of same Mar. 1831 to his d. He was under orders in Europe in 1827-30 ; at tached to the military school at Metz in 1829- 30 ; under orders in Europe from May to Nov. 1857. Author of " Elem. Treatise on Civil Engineering," 8vo, 1838; "Field Fortifica tions," 8vo, 1836; "Advanced Guard Outpost and Detachment Service," 1847 ; " Permanent Fortifications," 1867 ; " Industrial Drawiner," 8vo, 1852; Moseley s "Architecture and En- fineering," 1856; "Fortification Drawing and tereotomy," 1865. His works are text-books at West Point and in some of the U.S. col leges. Member of many scient. societies ; LL.D. of Wm. and Mary, Brown, and Dartm. Colls. Cullum. Mahan, MILO, D.D., Pr.-Ep. clergyman and author; d. Baltimore 4 Sept. 1870. Some years prof, in Col. Coll., afterward rector of St. Paul s Church, Baltimore; recently elected prof, of systematic divinity in the N.Y. Gen. Theol. Sem. Author of an able reply to Co- lenso s works against the inspiration of the Scriptures, and of a curious work on the signi ficance of the numbers in the Scriptures. Maitland, JOHN, lieut.-col., a British offi cer; d. Savannah, Ga., Oct. 25, 1779. He had lost a hand in the E. Indies ; was a man of fortune, and a member of the British parlia 193 ment ; lieut.-col. 71st Regt. Oct. 14, 1778, and (listing, at the siege of Savannah; com. boat expedition, May 8, 1778, which de stroyed the Amer. shipping in the Delaware River. Makemie, FRANCIS, an early Presb. min ister of Va., b. Donegal Co., Ireland ; d. Bos ton in the summer of 1708. He came from Scotland ah. 1682; preached in Va. and the Carolinas, and was in 1690 a resident of Ac- comae Co., Va. ; engaged in the W.I. trade. He afterward qualified himself under the Tol eration Act in Barbadoes as a Dissenting min ister; and in 1699 pub. in Edinburgh " Truths in a Xcw Light/ &c. In Oct. 1699 he was licensed to preach in Va. He went to Eng. in 1704, and pub. in London "A Plain and Lov ing Persuasion to the Inhabitants of Va. and Md. for promoting Towns and Co-habitation." Returning in 1705, he was licensed to officiate on the eastern shore of Md. For preaching in N.Y. Jan. 19, 1707, he was arrested by Gov. Cornbury, and imprisoned two months. He soon after went to Boston, where this sermon was printed. He also pub. " A Narrative " of the affair, which was reprinted in 1755 by Hugh Gaine in N.Y., and in Force s Tracts, v. Cornbnry wrote to the lords of trade and the plantations, that Makemie was "a preacher, a doctor of physic, a merchant, an attorney, a counsellor at law, and, which is worst of all, a disturber of governments." In 1692 he pub. in Boston " An Answer to George Keith s Li bel on a catechism pub. by F. Makemie ; " /- jtrimatur Increase Mather. He possessed learn ing, energy, talent, and public spirit. Presb. Ch. in America. Makin, THOMAS, poet, d. Pa. 1735. He was an early settler of Pa. ; was in 1689 usher to George Keith in the Friend s Grammar School, succeeding him as master in 1690. He was for some time clerk of the Prov. Assembly. He pub. two Latin poems in 1728 and 1729, inscribed to James Logan, entitled " Encomium Pennsylvania" and " In Laudes Pennsylvania Potma," extracts from which are in Proud s " History of Pennsylvania." Malbone, EDWARD G., portrait-painter, b. Newport, II. I., Aug. 1777; d. Savannah, Ga., May 7, 1807. He early displayed a tal ent for painting, and, while a boy, painted an entire scene for a theatre. At 17 he established himself in Providence as a portrait-painter. Removing to Boston in 1796, he practised there, and in New York and Phila., until, in 1800, he accomp. Allston to Charleston, and the next year to Europe. While in London, Malbone was urged by West, the pres. of the Royal Acad., to remain ; but he returned to Charleston in Dec. 1801. He painted minia tures in various places with high repute, until his intense application undermined his health, and, relinquishing his pencil in the summer of 1806, he soon after made a voyage to the W- Indies, from which he derived no benefit. Many of his portraits are owned in Charleston, where he was often employed. His other com positions are marked by agreeable style, and warmth and delicacy of coloring; and he oc casionally attempted landscape in oil. One of his iliicst works, the Hours, represents three 38 beautiful females moving in a circle, present past, and future. Malcolm, REV. ALEXANDER, author of an arithmetic and an algebra of merit, b. Scot land ; d. Md. July, 1763, at an advanced age. Malcolm, JAMES PELLER, artist and an tiquary, b. Phila. Aug. 1767, who, while young, went to London to study painting, and d. Apr. 5, 1815, in indigent circumstances. His maternal ancestor, James Peller, was an emigrant with Penn. Failing with the pencil, he took the graver, and executed a number of topographical plates, chiefly for the works of Gough and Nichols, and the Gentleman s Magazine ; and became a member of the Society of Antiquaries. He pub. " Londinum Redivivum, or an Ancient and Modern Description of Lon don," 4 vols. 4to ; "Letters between the Rev. James Granger and many Eminent Men," 8vo ; " First Impressions, or Sketches from Art and Nature," 8vo ; " Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London," 4to; "Miscellaneous Anecdotes," 8vo ; "-An Historical Sketch of the Art of Caricaturing," 4to. Gentleman s Mag., May, 1815. Malcdm, HOWARD, D.D. (U. of Vt. 1841 ), LL.D. (Lewisb. U., 1859), Baptist clergyman and author, b. Phila. Jan. 19, 1799. He en tered Dick. Coll., Pa., in 1813 ; was licensed to preach in May, 1818; and, on finishing his studies at Princeton Theol. Sem., m. and settled over a church in Hudson, N.Y. He was after wards settled in Boston (1827-35) and Phila. ; was pres. of the coll. at Georgetown, Ky., from 1839 to 1849, and of the U. of Lewisburg, Pa., from 1851 to 1859, having relinquished preach ing from failure of voice. He filled in both institutions the chair of metaphys. and moral philos. He travelled extensively in Europe and (as a deputy from the Bapt. Miss. Soc.) in Hindostan, Burmah, Siain, China, and Africa. He was prominent in estab. the Am. S.S. Union and the Am. Tract Society. His pubs, are a " Dictionary of the Bible ; y " The Extent of the Atonement/ 1833 ; " The Chris tian Rule of Marriage;" "Memoir of Mrs. Malcom," 1835; "Travels in South-eastern Asia," 2ded. 1839; "Memoir of Mary Lothrop," 1832 ; addresses, and other tracts. Mallary, CHARLES DANIEL, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1850), Baptist clergyman, bro. of R. C., b. Poultney, Vt., Jan. 1801 ; d. 1864. Midd. Coll. 1821. He removed to Columbia, S.C., in 1822, where he was ord., and preached 6 years, afterward residing in Ga.; a principal founder of Mercer U. In the division of the denomination in 1835, on the missionary ques tion, he advocated that system. He pub. a " Life of Mercer," and " Soul Prosperity." Mallary, ROLLIN CARLOS, lawyer and statesman, b. Cheshire, Ct., May 27, 1784 ; d. Baltimore, Md., Apr. 15, 1831. Midd. Coll. 1805. Moved with his father to Vt. early in life; he practised law in Castleton from 1807 to 1818, and in Poultney from 1818 till his death ; was att y. of Rutland Co., Vt., in 181 1, 13, and 16 ; and M.C. in 1819-31. A zealous advocate of protection, he was chairman of the com. on manxif. ; reported the tariif of 1828, and exerted himself greatly to procure its passage. Bro. of Charles D. 594 Mallery, GARRICK, LL.D. (Laf. Coll. 1840), jurist, b. Woodbury, Ct., 17 Apr. 1784 ; d. Phila. 6 July, 1866. Y.C. 1808. Prin cipal of the Wiikesbarre Acad. ; studied at the Litchfield Law School ; admitted to practise iu Wilkesbarre in 1811; member Pa. legisl. 1828-31; pres. judge 3d jud. dist. 1831-6; removed to Phila. in Nov. 1836, and was a successful practitioner ; several years master in chancery of the Sup. Court. He was, while in the legisl., largely instrumental in establishing the general improvement and penitentiary sys tems of Pa. Mallpry, COL. : killed while repelling the British invasion of Elizabeth City Co., Va., 1780. His sou CHARLES K., lawyer, member Va. Assembly, exec. coun. 1808; lieut.-gov., was collector of Norfolk at his d., 15 Apr. 1820, a. 38. Mallory, STEPHEN R., sec. of the Confed. navy, b. Trinidad, 1810. Son of a sea-capt. of Bridgeport, Ct., who d. in 1821, while at Key West with his vessel; and the wife and son, remaining-, opened a hotel there. Educated in N.Y. and Ct. He returned to Key West; studied law there ; was adm. to the bar in 1833 ; was app. by Pres. Jackson insp. of the customs at Key West ; became county judge for Monroe Co., and judge of probate; in 1845 received from Pres. Polk the lucrative office of collector of Key West ; and was U.S. senator from 1851 until after the secession of Fla., 21 Jan. 1861. While in the senate, he was several years chairman of the com. on naval affairs, and an adherent of the Democ. party ; after the war he was some time a prisoner of state. He m. a dau. of Seiior Moreno of Pensacola, one of the wealthiest of the old Spanish inhabitants of Fla. Delegate to the Nashville convention of 1850 ; and was at one time a corresp. for the N.Y. Herald,- d. Pensacola, Fla., Nov. 9, 1873. Maltby, GEN. ISAAC, military writer, of Hatfield, Ms. ; d. Waterloo, N.Y., Sept. 1819. Y.C. 1786. Many years a member of the Ms. legisl., and was a brig.-gen. of militia in 1814. He pub. "Elements of War," 12mo, 1812; "A Treatise on Courts-Martial and Military Law/ 1813. Manco Capac I., legislator, and first inca of Peru, was the 12th in ascent from the inca who reigned at the time of the Spanish invasion, in 1 532, an interval of ab. 400 years. He is sup posed to have been some stranger from a civilized land, who employed the associations of religion to procure an ascendency which enabled him to form a regular govt. He had a long and pros perous reign, and seems justly to have been entitled to rank among the benefactors of man kind by the benevolence of his institutions. Robertson. Manco Capac II., inca of Peru ; killed 1544. Second son of Huayna Capac, the con queror of Quito, who d. ab. 10 years after the first arrival of the Spaniards. Manco was, after the taking of Cuzco, placed on the throne. Unwilling to be a puppet in the hands of Pizarro, after in vain petitioning for power to exercise the sovereignty, he fled ; was captured and imprisoned, but again escaped ; roused the whole nation to arms; and appeared before Cuzco Feb. 1536, with an immense host of In dians. After a siege of 5 months, in which the Spaniards w r ere reduced to extremities, he was compelled, from scarcity of food, to withdraw to the fortress of Tambo, where he was defeated by Almagro, and deserted by most of his \\ ir- riors. Taking refuge in the Andes, he was for years the terror of the Spaniards, who iu vain endeavored to conciliate him. He was killed by a party of Spaniards belonging to the younger Almagro s faction, who, on the defeat of their leader, had taken refuge in the Peruvian camp, and who were in turn massacred by the Indians. Mandrillon, JOSEPH, a political writer, b. Bourg-en-Bresse, 1742; guillotined Jan. 7, 1794. Having embraced tlae mercantile pro fession, he travelled in America and Holland. He settled in Holland ; but his opposition to the stadtholder made him unpopular, and he re turned to France, where the independence of his character rendered him suspected by Robe spierre. He wrote " The American Spectator," 8vo, a work of merit, and " Recherchts Philoso- phiques sur la Dccouverte de I Amerique," Amster dam, 8vo, 1784. Mangum, WILLIE PERSON, U.S. senator, b. Orany-e Co., N.C., 1792 ; d. there Sept. 14, 1861. U. of N.C. 1815. He studied law ; rose in the profession; entered political life; and was elected to the house of commons in 1818 ; in 1819 and again in 1826 he was elected a ju r ge of the Superior Court; M.C. 1823-6; U.S. senator 1831-7 and 1841-53 ; in 1837 he received 1 1 electoral votes for Pres. of the U.S. ; and during the administration of Mr. Ty ler was pres. of the Senate. He was a leading member of the Whig party. The depression occasioned by the loss of an only son, wounded at Manassas, probably hastened his death. Manigault (niiin -e-go ), GABRIEL, patri otic merchant of S.C., b. 1704; d. Charleston, S.C., 1781. Of Huguenot parentage. He ac quired wealth by commercial pursuits ; and in the beginning of the Revol. he loaned the State $220,000. In May, 1779, at the age of 75, when the British gen. Prevost appeared before Charleston, he equipped himself as a soldier, and,equipping also his grandson of 15, led him to the lines to repel an expected assault. He bequeathed 5,000 to a charitable society. His son PETER, also a patriot, was speaker of the house from 1766 to his d. in 1773, a. 42. His dau. m. Lewis Morris, and lost her life in the great hurricane on Sullivan s Island in 1822. Manly, BASIL, D.D., Baptist clergyman, b. near Pittsborough, N.C., Jan. 28, 1793; d. Greenville, S.C., Dec. 21, 1868. S.C. Col lege, 1821. Pie commenced preaching in Edge- field dist., S.C. In 1826 he took charge of the Baptist church in Charleston, S.C ; was pres. of the U. of Ala. in 1837-56; and took charge of another church in Charleston, which he subsequently gave up to engage in mission ary travels throughout Alabama. He was ac tive in organizing the southern Baptist conven tion in 1845, and in establishing the theol. sem. at Greenville, S.C., in 1858. " A Treatise on Moral Science" from his pen, for some years a text-book in Southern colleges, indi cated a high order of talent. Manly, CAPT. JOHN, a naval officer of the 595 Revol., b. Torbay, Eng., 1733; d. Boston, Feb. 12, 1793. He became a mariner early in life ; settled in Marblehead ; and was master of a merchantman before the Revol. Corn- miss, capt. by Washington Oct. 24, 1775, he sailed in the schooner " Lee," and soon cap tured in Boston harbor 3 valuable prizes, laden with heavy guns, mortars, and intrenching tools, a capture of incalculable value to the patriot army then besieging Boston. Chased into Gloucester harbor by " The Falcon," he ran ashore, beat off the enemy with loss, and got his own vessel off with little damage. Corn- miss, by Congress capt. in the Cont. navy, Aug. 22, 1776, he com. " The Hancock," frigate, 32 guns, in which he captured the British man- of-war " Fox." " The Hancock " was cap tured July 8, 1777, by " The Rainbow " of 40 guns; and Manly was confined in various places until near the close of the war. Soon after the capture of " The Fox," while com. the privateer " Jason," he was attacked by two British priva teers, one of 18, the other 10 guns : he captured both. He com. " The Hague," frigate, in Sept. 1782 ; cruised in the W. Indies, but was driven by a British 74 on a sand-bank at Guadaloupe, and for 3 days sustained the cannonade of 3 ships, but finally got off. On returning to Boston he was arrested upon a variety of charges by one of his officers. The proceed ings of the court were not altogether in appro bation of his conduct. Mann, A. DUDLEY, diplomatist, b. Va., 1805; was app. special plenipo. to negotiate commercial treaties with Hanover, Oldenburg, and Mecklenburg, in 1845; was accredited to all the German States, except Prussia, for the same object in 1847 ; was commiss. to Hungary in 1849 ; minister to Switzerland in 1850; and negotiated a reciprocal treaty sec. to Pres. Pierce in 1853, and resigned the same year. Having devoted himself specially to the devel opment of the material interests of the South ern States, he was sent to Europe by the Con- fed, govt. upon a special mission, and was afterward joined with Slidell and Mason to represent it abroad; assist, sec. state, 1853-5. Mann, CYRUS, Cong, clergyman and au thor, h. Orford,N.H., Apr. 3, 1785; d. Stough- ton, Ms., Feb. 9, 1859. Dartm. Coll. 1806. Principal of Gilmanton Acad. 2 years; teacher of the Troy high school one year; tutor at 33. C. 1809-14; pastor of the church at West minister, Ms., Feb. 22, 1815, to June 9, 1841 ; then of the Robinson Ch., Plymouth, 3 years ; next a teacher at Lowell several years ; finally acting pastor of the N. Falmouth church, 1852-6. He pub. " A Treatise on Trigonome try ; " " An Epitome of the Evidences of Chris tianity ; " "A History of the Temperance Reformation ; " " A Memoir of Mrs. Myra W. Allen ; " and some sermons. Mann, HORACE, LL.D. (H.U. 1849), edu cationist, b. Franklin, Ms., 4 May, 1796; d. Yellow Springs, O., 2 Aug. 1859. * Brown U. 1819. He was obliged to procure an educa tion by his own exertions ; studied law at Litchh eld, and in 1823 was adm. to the bar. He began practice at Dedham ; was a mem ber of the Ms. house of reps, in 1828-33, and of the senate in 1833-7, presiding over it in 1836-7, and (listing, himself for devotion ta the interests of education and temperance. In his law practice he would never espouse the unjust side of any cause, and by his honesty exercised extraordinary influence over the minds of juries. He moved to Boston in 1833, and in 1837-48 was sec. of the Ms. Board of Education. The State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester was founded through his efforts. Important changes were made, through his in fluence, in the school-laws and in the educa tional system of the State. In May, 1843, he m. as his second wife, Mary, dau. of Dr. Nathaniel Peabody, and visited Europe soon after, inspecting the school-systems of Europe and especially of Germany. M.C. and succes sor of John Quincy Adams in 1848-53, he spoke and voted in favor of excluding slavery from the Territories. Pres. of Antioch Coll. from Sept. 1852 to his death : under his able management it attained a large degree of success ; but his labors were too much for his health, which gave way soon after his extraor dinary effort at the coll. commencement in July, 1859. In 1835 he was a commiss. to superintend the pub. of the revised statutes of Ms., for which he prepared the marginal notes and references. His annual Educational Re ports, 12 in number, rank deservedly high. In the 7th of the series he describes his educational tour in Europe. In the discussion upon the abolition of corporal punishment with the Bos ton schoolmasters, he won a complete triumph ; and the practice was discontinued. His 10th Report was highly extolled by the Edinburgh Review. Mr. Mann edited the Common School Journal, and pub. a vol. of " Lectures on Edu cation," 1848. His " Letters and Speeches on Slavery " were pub, 1851; "Lectures on In temperance," 1852. He engaged in a contro versy with Daniel Webster in 1850, on account of his 7th-of-March speech, and was the unsuc cessful candidate of the Free Soil party for gov. in 1852. See Life of, by his widow, 8vo, 1865. Mrs. Mann has also pub. " Christianity in the Kitchen," " The Flower People," and a tran^l. of Sarmiento s " Life in the Argent. Republic," 1868. Mann, JAMES, M.D. (B.U.1815),A.A.S., surgeon, b. Wrentham, Ms., July 22, 1759; d. N.Y. Nov. 7, 1832. H.U. 1776. He was 3 years a surgeon in the Revol. army. In 1812 he was a hospital surgeon, U.S.A., and head of the medical staff on the northern frontier ; post-surgeon, Apr. 1818 ; assist, surgeon, May, 1821. He pub. two Monographs which gained prizes in 1804, and " Medical Sketches of Campaigns of 1812-14," &c., 8vo, 1816. Manners, GEORGE, British consul in Boston, 1819-35. Author of some dramas of merit and some poetical works ; d. Coburg, Canada West, 18 Feb. 1853, a. 75. Manning, JAMES, D.D., scholar and divine, b. Elizabethtown, N.J., Oct. 22, 1738; d. Providence, R.I., July 29, 1791. N. J. Coll. 1762. He acquired fame as a preacher by his abilities and learning, aided by a fine voice and delivery. When the Baptists, in 1764, estab lished a coll. in R.I., he was invited to take charge of it ; removed to Warren in the follow ing year, where the institution was opened in 506 Sept. ; and, on its removal to Providence in 1770, became pastor of the Baptist church in that town. He was Pres. of the college till his death, except during an interval of six months. It bore the title of the Coll. of R.I. till 1804, when it was named Brown University in honor of its most munificent patron. In 1786 he was a delegate to Congress, a post he resigned on account of its incompatibility Avith his other duties. When the Constitution was the subject of debate, he was a zealous Federalist. In 1783 he resumed his duties at the college, suspended during the war, and resigned the presidency in 1790, and his pastorate in Apr. 1791. See Life, Times, and Corresp. of, by R. A. Guild, 8vo. 1864. Manning, RICHARD, Jun., gov. of S.C. 1824-5, b. Sumter Dist., S. C., 1 May, 1789; d. Phila. 1 May, 1836. Col. Coll., S.C., 1811. He com. a vol. company in the war of 1812 ; was frequently a member of the State legisl. ; and M.C. 1834-6. Mansfield, EDWARD DEERING, LL.D. (Mar. Coll. 1854), author, b. New Haven, 1801. West Point, 1819; N.J. Coll. 1822. Son of Col. Jared. Counsellor at law in Ct. 1825, in Ohio 1826-36 ; prof, const, law and history in Cincin. Coll., 0., 1836-7. Author of " Poli tical Grammar," 1835; "Legal Rights of Women," 1845 ; " Life of Gen. Scott," 1846 ; " Hist, of the Mexican War," 1848 ; " Ameri can Education," 1850; "Treatise on Const. Law," 1835; "Memoirs of Daniel Drake," 1855 ; with B. Drake, " Cincinnati in 1826 ; " editor of Cincinnati Chronicle and Atlas, 1836- 52, of the Railroad ftecordsince 1852. Author also of a discourse on the " Utility of Mathema tics," and of several addresses on education from 1834 to 1849 ; now (1871 ) resides in Cincinnati. Mansfield, COL. JARED, LL.D. (Y.C. 1825), b. N. Haven, Ct., 1759 ; d. there Feb. 3, 1830. Y.C. 1777. He taught school in N. Haven in 1794; afterward had charge of a Quaker grammar school in Phila., where he became known as a mathematician. App.capt. engrs. May 3, 1802, and acting prof. nat. and experimental philos. to June, 1805 ; U.S. sur veyor-gen, of Ohio and North-west Terr. Nov. 14*1803-1812; major engrs. Jane 11,1805; lieut.-col. 25 Feb. 1808; prof. nat. and exp. philos. Military Acad. Oct. 7, 1812; resigned Aug 31, 1828. He pub. " Essays, mathemati cal and physical," 1802, 8vo. Mansfield, JOSEPH KING FENNO, brig.- gcn. U.S.A., b. N. Haven, Ct., Dec. 22, 1803 ; d. of wounds received at the battle of Antic- tain, Sept. 18, 1862. West Point, 1822. While an infant, his father d. at Vcra Cruz ; and his mother, Mary Fenno, returned to Middletown, Ct., her native place. Entering the engrs., he was employed in planning and constructing fortifications for coast and harbor defence. 1st lieut. 5 Mar. 1832; capt. 7 July, 1838. Dur ing the Mexican war he served under Taylor as chief engr.; was brev. major for his conduct in the defence of Fort Brown; lieut.-col. for Monterey, where he was severely wounded lead ing the column that stormed the city at the Tannery ; and col. for Buena Vista. May 28, 1853, he became insp.-gcn., rank of col. ; May 5, 1861, brev. brig.-gen.; and May 14 brig.-gen. U.S.A ; until Aug. 1861 he com. the dcpt. oi Washington, and for a short time that of Va. He fortified Washington on every side, crowned the heights of Arlington with earthworks, and took Alexandria; he next served at Cape Hatteras, and then at Newport News. After the destruction of " The Merrimack " and the occupation of Norfolk, he wa.3 put in com. of Suffolk, Va. Ordered to join Gen. McClcllan, he took com. of the corps previously under Gen. Banks. At Antietam he was mortally wounded early in the day. Mante, MAJ. THOMAS, assist, engineer at the siege of Havana, and maj. of brigade in the campaign of 1764. Author of " History of the Late War in N. Amcr." (a very valuable work), 4to, 1772; transl. of "Defensive Arms/ Lon don, 8vo, 1771, and of " System of Tactics," 1781, 1784, 2 vols. 8vo. Mapes, JAMES J., LL.D., agricultural chemist, b. New York City, May 29, 1806; d. Newark, N. J., Jan. 10, 1866. He was a sugar refiner ; was app. prof, of chemistry and nat. philos. in the Nat. Acad. of Design, and in vented many useful processes in sugar making and refining, but later in life applied his talents to the science of agriculture with great success on .a farm near Newark. He edited the Work ing Farmer, and other agricultural publications. He manufactured a ferti.izer called "nitrogen- ized superphosphate," from the sale of which he derived some profit. He delivered valuable lec tures at agric. fairs, and wrote articles for scien tific journals, American and English. Author of "The Amer. Repository of Arts, Sciences, and Manufactures/ 4 vols. 8vo, 1840; "The Practical Farmer." Marble, DANFORTH, Yankee comedian, b. E. Windsor, Ct., 1807; d. Louisville, Ky., May 13, 1849. First app. at the Chatham, N.Y., in 1831 ; at the Walnut-st., Phila., Dec. 20, 1837, as Sam Patch ; and visited various cities suc cessfully as a star. Made his English delwt at the Strand, London, Oct. 30, 1845, as Deuter onomy Dutiful. Nov. 13, 1836, he m. Anna Warren, a successful actress. Marble, MANTON, editor N. Y. World, b. Worcester, Ms., 16 Nov. 1835. U. of Roches ter, 1855. Wm., his emig. ancestor, became a freeman of Boston 3 May, 1654. He was edu cated at the High School, Prov., R.I., after ward at the Albany Acad. After leaving coll. he went on the editorial staff of the Boston Journal, ; was afterward the responsible editor of the Traveller ; in 1858 went toN.Y., and was connected with the Eve. Post until the estab lishment of the World in June, 1860. Apr. 12, 1862, he purchased this sheet, and has since conducted it as the exponent of Democ. princi ples. In Harper s Mag. for 1860 is an account of his " Trip to Red River and Beyond." Marbois (mar -nwa J), FRANCOIS, marquis of Barbe Marbois, a French diplomatist and author, b. Metz, Jan. 31, 1745; d. Jan. 14, 1837. His father was director of the mint at Metz. He Ix came tutor to the children of Cas tries, minister of marine, through whom he ob tained in 1779 the post of sec. of legation to the U.S. during our Revol.; and was the principal agent in the most important operations of the embassy. On the return of Luzerne to France, 597 MLA.R Marbois continued in this country as clmrg d affaires. As consul-gen, of France, he or ganized all the French consulates in this coun try, in which he resided until 1785. He was afterwards app. intendant of St. Domingo ; re turned to France in 1790, and was immediately sent by Louis as ambassador to the German diet. In 1795 he was chosen a member of the council of elders, and in the struggle between the directory and the councils, having defended the latter, he was, with others, condemned to deportation to Cayenne. Returning after an exile of two years and a half, he was nominated by the first consul counsellor of state, and in 1801 sec. of the treasury. In 1803 he was app. to cede Louisiana to the U.S. for 50,000,000 francs, but had the skill to obtain 80,000,000, a piece of diplomacy for which he was liberally rewarded by Napoleon. In 1808 he was made prcs. of the cour des comptes ; in 1813 he was a senator; and in 1814 was among the first to vote for the deposition of Napoleon. Louis XVHI. created him a peer, and confirmed him in the presidency of the cour des comptes. Keep er of the seals in 1815-16, and was soon after wards created marquis. Author of some agri cultural and financial essays ; " Complot d Ar nold," " Histoire de la Loufsiane et de (a Cession de cette Colonie," Paris, 1829, and "Reflections on St. Domingo." March, ALDEN,M.D.,LL.D. (Wms. Coll.), surgeon, b. Sutton, Ms., 1795; d. Albany, June 17, 1869. B.U. 1820. He attended medical lectures in Boston, and subsequently at B.U., where he was distinguished for his skill in anat omy, and in 1820 settled in practice at Albany. He was a dexterous and skilful operator, and originated many important improvements in surgery. He was the father and one of the founders of the Albany Med. Coll., and was 30 years at its head ; was also a founder of the Al bany City Hospital. Pres. Amer. Med. Assoc. Author of " Improved Forceps for Harelip Op erations," 1855; "Wounds of the Abdomen andLnrynx," 1854. March, CHARLES W., author, b. Ports mouth, N.H., 15 Dec. 1815; d. Alexandria, Egypt, 24 Jan. 1864. H.U. 1837. He studied law ; practised in Portsmouth ; was a member of the N.H. legisl. ; removed toN. Y. City; and wrote for the Tribune, Times, and for the Bos ton Courier, under the signature of " Pequot." U.S. vice-consul to- Cairo. Author of " Trav els in Madeira and Spain ; " " Daniel Webster and his Contemporaries," 4th ed. 12mo, 1852; and "Reminiscences of Congress." Contrib. of many brilliant essays to magazines and journals. Marchand, JOHN B., commodore U.S.N., b. Pa. Aug. 27, 180S. Midshipm. May 1, 1828 ; lieut. Jan. 29, 1840; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July ,16, 1862; commo. July 25, 1866; ret. 27 Aug. 1870. Aug. 1841 to Aug. 1842 in com. of steamer " Van Buren," operating in the everglades of Florida against the Seminole Indians; participated in the bombardment of Ve-ra Cruz and the capture of Tupsan, 1847; com. steamer "Memphis," Paraguay exped., 1859-60; steamer "Jas. Adger," S. Atl. block, squad., 1862; participated in the capture of Fernandiua, Fia., Mar. 1862; slightly wound ed while reconnoitring in the Stono River, Mar. 16, 1862; com. steam-sloop "Lackawana," W. Gulf block, squad., 1863-4, and in battle of Mobile Bay ; and assisted to capture the rebel ram " Tennessee," d. Carlisle, Pa., Apr. 13, 75. Marchant, HENRY, LL.D. (Y.C. 179^], jurist, b. Martha s Vineyard, Ms., Apr. 1741 ; d. Newport, R.I., 30 Aug. 1796. Phila. Coll. 1762. Studied law under Judge Trowbridge of Cambridge, Ms.; practised in Newport; was atty -gen. of R.I. in 1770-7, and member of the Assembly ; took a prominent part in the Revol. movements of the time ; was chair man of the com. to prepare instructions to the delegates in Congress ; member of the Old Congress 1777-80 and 1783-4; and an efficient member of various important committees; member of the convention to adopt the U.S. Constitution; and, from 1790 to his death, judge of the U.S. Dist. Court. Updike s R.I. Bar. Marcy, E. E., M. D., homoeopathist, b. Greenwich, Ms., Dec. 9, 1815. Amh. Coll. 1837; Jeff. Med. Coll. 1840. Since 1852 he has edited the N. A. Homoiop. Jour., quarterly. He edited Hahnemann s Lesser Writings, pub. 1854, by Radde. He has written numer ous essays on medical and chemical subjects, and is recognized as a standard authority. A skilful practitioner, he has the largest and most lucrative practice in N.Y. Author of " Theo ry and Practice of Medicine," 8vo, 1852; " Homoeopathy vs. Allopathy," 8vo, 1854. Ailibone. Marcy, GEN. RANDOLPH BARNES, b. Green wich, Ms., Apr. 9, 1812. W.Pt. 1832. Entering the 5th Inf. he became 1st lieut. June 22, 1837 ; capt. May 18, 1846 ; engaged at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma 8-9 May, 1846 ; in ex ploration of Red River Country ; in hostilities against the Seminoles in 1857 ; served in the Utah exped. in 1857-8 ; com. a detachment sent to N. Mexico to procure supplies in Nov. 1857, returning in Mar. 1858, after great suf fering ; became paym. (rank of maj.) Aug. 22, 1859; insp.-gen. (rank of col.) Aug. 9, 1861 ; was attached as chief of staff to the Army of the Potomac under Gen. McClellan (his son- in-law); and 23 Sept. 1861 became brig.-gen. vols. He was on Gen. McClellan s staff during the campaigns in Western Va., the Peninsula, and Md. Author of " Exploration of the Red River in 1852," 8vo, 1853; "Prairie Travel ler," 1859 ; " Personal Recollections," 8vo, 1866. Marcy, WILLIAM LEARNED, statesman, b. Southbridge, Ms., Dec. 12, 1786; d. Ball- ston Spa, N.Y., July 4, 1857. B.U. 1808. He taught school for a while in Newport, R.I., studied law, and commenced practice in Troy, N.Y. At the commencement of the war of 1812, being an officer of a military company, he volunteered his services, and acted with the company until the cessation of hostilities. On the night of Oct. 22, 1812, he disting. himself in the capture of a corps of Canadian militia posted at St. Regis, being the first prisoners taken on land, and their flag the first captured during the war. He was app. recorder of Troy in 1816; edited the Troy Budget, a lead ing "Democ. organ; adj.-gen. of the State in 598 Jan. 1821; state comptroller in 1823; assoc. justice of the N.Y. Supreme Court in 1829 ; U.S. senator in 1831-3; gov. of the State in 1833-9; and a commiss. to decide upon the claims of the Mexican Govt. in 1839-42 ; sec. of war under Pres. Polk from 1845 to 1849, he performed the arduous duties of that posi tion with signal ability during the Mexican war. His diplomacy was displayed in the set tlement of the Oregon boundary. He was an advocate of the tariff of 1846; and opposed all interference on the slavery question. U.S. sec. of state 1853-7. He was a hard-working, careful, plain man, of great integrity, and a good scholar. His state papers on Central Amer. affairs, on the enlistment question, on the Dan ish Sound dues, and on many other topics of national interest, exhibited remarkable ability as a writer, statesman, and diplomatist. Marechal, AMBROISE, D.D., R.C. arch bishop of Baltimore, b. Ingre, near Orleans, France, 1769; d. Baltimore, Jan. 29, 1828. Educated at the seminary of St. Sulpice, he came to Baltimore in 1792. Returning to France, he was from 1803 to 1811 prof, in the seminaries of St. Flour, Aix, and Lyons. He refused the bishopric of N.Y., which was ten dered him, but accepted the post of co-acljutor to the archbishop of Baltimore, whom he suc ceeded on his decease, Dec. 14, 1817. He vis ited Rome in 1821-2 to procure aid for his church in Baltimore. Margil, JESUS DE (Father Antonio), an early Franciscan missionary to Texas, b. Va lencia, Aug. 18, 1657 ; d. Mexico, Aug. 6, 1726. Author of "El Peregrino Septentrional Atlante," &c., Valencia, 1742. He is styled " Notario Apostolico," " Cornmissario del San to Oficio," " Fundador y Ex Guardian de tres Coligios," and " Prefecto de las Missiones de Propagande Fide en todas las Indias Occiden- tales," &c. Hist. Mag. June, 1864. Marguerittes, JULIE DE, or MRS. REA, authoress and critic, b. Lond. 1814 ; d. Phila. June 21, 1866. She was dau. of Dr. A. B. Granville, F.R.S. At an early age m. Baron de Marguerittes, with whom she travelled all over Europe. The revol. of 1848 compelled him to leave France, and seek an asylum in the U.S. She soon became a contrib. to the N.Y. Saturday Courier, writing "The Ins and Outs of Paris," afterward pub. in book-form. Marguerittes having returned to France, and discarded her, she went upon the stage, March 9, 1852, at the Broadway, N.Y., in the opera of " La Gazza Ladra," but retired from it soon after. After the death of her husband, in 1856, she removed to Phila., and became contrib. and dramatic critic to the Sunday Transcript, which contained her " Parisian Pickings," and other papers. Her second husband, George G. Foster, who d. in 1860, was a well-known writer. She afterward m. Samuel J. Rea of the Phila. press. She was a very voluminous writer, and by her pen supported and educated her children/ Her dau. NOEMIE is dramatic criricofthe Phila. Transcript. Marion, FRANCIS, brig.-gen., a celebrated partisan officer in the Revol. war, l>. near George town, S.C., 1732; d. Feb. 27, 1795. At the age .>t 16 he entered on board a vessel bound to the W. Indies; but she foundered on her passage out, and the crew took to the boat Destitute of water or provisions, several dkd of hunger before they were rescued. He then engaged in agriculture until 1759, when he was a lieut in Gov. Lyttleton s exped. against the Chero- kees; and in Apr. 1761 was a capt. in that of Col. Grant. He led the forlorn hope in the battle of Etchoee, and was one of the few who escaped. When the Revol. war began, he was elected to the Prov. Congress ; made a capt. in the first corps raised in S.C. ; served as major in the defence of Fort Moultrie ; was lieut.-col. (com. of his regt.) at Savannah and at the siege of Charleston, where, fracturing his leg by accident, he escaped the captivity to which the garrison was eventually forced to submit. App. a brig.-gen. in 1780, he commenced his partisan career as soon as he recovered from the fracture of his leg, with only 16 men. Fer tile in stratagem, he struck, unperceived, and, retiring to those hidden retreats in the morasses of Pedee and Black River, he placed his corps out of the reach of his foe. The country from Camden to the sea-coast, between the Pedee and San tee, was the theatre of his exertions. Soon after the defeat of Gates (Aug. 20, 1780), he captured a British guard of 90, and rescued 150 Continental prisoners. He surprised Mnj. Gainey, an English partisan officer of reputa tion, and took his whole party. He next attacked Capt. Barfield s party of Tories, kill ing or capturing 30 out of 49. He routed with great loss a large body of Tories at Shep herd s Ferry, another under Col. Tynes at the forks of Black River, and succeeded in escap ing from Tarleton after a long and hot pur suit. Watson, Gainey, Tynes, Mclllraith, Tarleton, and Doyle were at different times sent to crush him, but were either foiled by his strategy, or disgracefully defeated. In 1781 he was joined by Lee s Legion, captured a num ber of the enemy s forts, and participated in the battle of Eutaw. After the war he m. Mary Videau, a lady of wealth; resided in his native parish of St. John s, and was returned to the State senate. In 1790 he was a member of the State Const. Conv. He was small in stature, thin, neither" pleasing in visage, nor captivating in his manners, and was reserved and silent. See Lives of Marion by P. Harry and M. L. Weews, and by W. G. Simms. Markoe, PETER, poet, d. Phila. 1792. Pub. "Miscellaneous Poems," 1787; "The Times," a poem, 1788 ; "The Patriot Chief," a tragedy ; " Reconciliation," an opera ; and is the supposed author of " The Algerine Spy." Simpson. Marquette (mar -keY), JACQUES, one of the first explorers of the Mpi., b. Laon, France, 1637 ; d. May 18, 1675. Becoming a Jesuit at the age of 17, he sailed for Canada as a mis sionary in 1666. After passing ab. 18 months at Three Rivers, in Apr. 1668 he founded at Lake Superior the mission of Sault Ste. Marie. In 1669, after a short stay at Lapointe, he fol lowed the Hurons to Mackinaw, where in 1671 he built a chapel at the mission of St. Ignatius, or Michilimacinac ; in May, 1673, he accomp. Jolliet s exped. to explore the Mpi., and, after travelling in canoes over 2,500 miles, returned IVLA.R 599 in Sept. They proceeded to Green Bay, through Fox River, to the Wisconsin, and thence by Portage to the Mpi., which they de scended to the Arkansas. Returning, they ascended the Illinois, proceeded thence across to Lake Michigan, to Green Bay, and to the mission, without serious accident. During this exped. he prepared a map of the route. Hav ing promised the Kaskaskia Indians to return and preach to them, after being detained a year by sickness, he set out in Oct. 1674, with two white men and a number of savages, for the village of Kaskaskia. After wintering at the Portage in the Chicago, he reached Kaskaskia, Apr. 8, 1675, and at once began a mission by erecting an altar, and celebrating the festival of Easter ; but, conscious that his end was ap proaching, he soon attempted to return to Mackinaw, but died near the mouth of a river on the east shore of Lake Michigan, which stiil bears his name. " He was of a cheerful, joyous disposition, playful even in his manner, and universally beloved." His narrative was pub. at Paris in 1681, in Thevenot s " Recueil de Voyages." This account, as well as a jour nal of the missionary s last exped., is in Shea s "Discovery and Exploration of the Mpi. Val ley," N.Y. 1852. Marryat, CAPT. FREDERICK, R. N., an English novelist, b. London, July 10, 1792; d. Aug. 2, 1848. His mother was the dau. of Frederick Geyer of Boston. Entering the navy at an early age, he disting. himself in several engagements, particularly in 1814 by ciuting out 4 vessels in Boston Bay, and in an action with gunboats on Lake Pontchartrain. He also benefited the naval profession by the invention of his well-known code of signals. He commenced his literary career in 1829, pro ducing a great number of sea-tales, among the best of which are "Peter Simple," "Midship man Easy," " Percival Kcene," &c. In 1837 he visited the U.S., and on his return pub. his " Diary in America," which reflected some what severely on our national characteristics. This was followed by 3 additional vols., and by his " Travels of M. Violet," supposed to be founded on the adventures of Chateaubriand in the woods of the New World. Marsh, CHARLES, LL. D. (D. C. 1828), lawyer, b. Lebanon, Ct., July 10, 1765; d. Woodstock, Vt,, Jan. 11, 1849. Dartm. Coll. 1786. His father, Hon. Joseph Marsh, removed to Vt. before the Re vol., where he became a leading Whig, and was several years lieut.-gov. pf the State. Charles studied law, and com menced practice at Woodstock, Vt., in 1788. For 50 years he was a successful lawyer. Dur ing the presidency of Washington he was dist. atty. of Vt. The A.B.C.F.M., the Bible, and Colonization Societies, long felt his efficiency and liberality as a member ; and he took an active part in the Dartm. Coll, Controversy. M.C. 1815-17, and a founder of the American Colonization Society. Marsh, DEXTER, student of the fossils of the Ct. Valley, b. 1806; d. Greenfield, Ms., Apr. 2, 1853. An uneducated laborer, his at tention was drawn in 1835 to the subject of fossils, by observing the footprints in slabs used lor flagging-stones. He explored the valley from the northern line of Ms. to Wethersfiela, and also the States of N. J. and N.H., and made very extensive collections, which were sold at auction after his death. Marsh, GEORGE PERKINS, LL.D. (H.U. 1859), philologist and diplomatist, b. Wood stock, Vt., Mar. 17, 1801. Dartm. Coll. 1820. Son of Charles. He settled as a lawyer at Burlington, Vt., and acquired an extensive, practice. Member of the State legisl. and executive council in 1835; M.C. in 1842-9; resident minister to Turkey in 1849-53; in 1852 he was charged with a special mission to Greece ; and since 1861 has been resident min ister to Italy ; in 1857 he was app. by the gov. of Vt. to make a report to the legisl. on the artificial propagation of fish; Vt. railroad commiss. 1857-9. Author of "The Goths in New Eng.," a grammar of the old Northern or Icelandic language ; and of various essays, lite rary and historical, relating to the Goths, and their connection with America; of an interest ing work on the Camel ; and numerous pub. addresses and speeches ; " Lectures on the English Language," N.Y. 1860 ; " The Origin and History of the English Language," 1862 ; "Man and Nature," 1864. He m. in 1838 CAROLINE CRANE, b. Berkeley, Ms., Dec. 1 , 1816. She has pub. " The Haliig, or the Sheepfold in the Waters," translated from the German ; and " Wolfe of the Knoll and other Poems," N.Y. 1860. Marsh, JAMES, a British gen. ; d. 1804. Capt. in the 46th Regt. Feb. 2, 1757; was wounded in the attack on Fort Ticonderoga, July 8, 1758; became major, July 23, 1772; and lieut.-col. (43d) Aug. 28, 1776, the day after the battle of Long Island. After serving through the American war, he was app. col. (77th Foot) Oct. 12, 1787; maj.-gen. Oct. 12, 1793 ; and lieut.-gen. Jan. 1, 1798. Marsh, JAMES, D.D. (Amh. Coll. 1833), scholar and divine, b. Hartford, Vt., July 19, 1794 ; d. Colchester, Vt., July 3, 1842. Dartm. Coll. 1817; And. Sem. 1822. His boyhood was passed on a farm. Tutor at D. Coll. 1818-20. Ord. as a Cong, minister 12 Oct. 1824; was in 1824-6 prof, of languages in Hamp. Sid. Coll. Va. ; in 1826-33 was pres. of the U. of Vt. ; and was in 1833-42 prof, of moral and intell. philos. there. In 1829 Dr. Marsh published an edition of Coleridge s " Aids to Reflection," with a preliminary essay, and copious notes. Besides this, Dr. Marsh published some translations from the German, among them Herder s " Spirit of Hebrew Poetry," and articles in the leading reviews. In 1829 he pub. a series of papers in the Vt. Chronicle, signed " Philopolis," on Popular Education ; and in 1830 " Selections from Old English Writers on Practical Theology." Am- herst College and Columbia College each con ferred on him the degree of doctor of divinity. He was a thorough scholar, a profound thinker, and an eloquent advocate of the highest truths of religious philosophy. Prof. Torrey, of the U. of Vt., pub. a vol. of his " Remains," with a Memoir, Boston, 1843. Marsh, JOHN, D.D. (Jeff. Coll. 1852), Cong, clergyman and temperance reformer, b. Wetkersiield, Ct., Apr. 2, 1788; d. Brook 600 lyn, N.Y., Aug. 4, 1868. Y.C. 1804. He studied theology with his father, who was 47 years pastor of the Cong, church of Wethers- h Jd, and d. Sept. 13, 1821. Began to preach in 1S09 ; and from Dec. 16, 1818, to Apr. 1, 1833, was pastor of the First Church, Haddara, Ct. Becoming deeply interested in the temper ance reform, he delivered lectures, and organ ized societies through the State. In 1831 he labored 3 months in Baltimore and Wash ington. He was agent for the Temperance Union in Phila. in 1833-6; and from that time till his death was sec. of the Union in New York, and editor of its journal. Retiring in 1866, he pub. "Temperance Recollections." Ho pub. many addresses on temperance, and a " Compendium of Ecclesiastical History " in 1838, revised in 1865; "Half-Century Trib ute to the Cause of Temp.," N.Y., 1840; and " The Temperance Speaker," 12mo, 1860. In 1846 he was delegate to the World s Temper ance Convention at Lond. Marshall, ALEXANDER K., pub. Reports Court of Appeals, Ky., 1817-21, 3 vols. 8vo, 1819-26; d. Mason Co. 1825, a. 55. Marshall, CHRISTOPHER, Revol. patriot of Phila. He retired from business with a competency before the Revol., in which, al though a Quaker, he took an active part in the committees of council and of safety. Hi a Diary, 1774-81, called "Marshall s Remem brancer," edited by Wm. Duane, was pub. in 1839 and 1849. Marshall, EDWARD CHATJNCEY, lawyer of New York, b. Little Palls, N.Y., 1824. A descendant of Capt. Samuel, killed in the " Swamp Fight," son of Thos. the pioneer at Boston, from whom Marshall St. is named. Author of "Book of Oratory," 1852; "First Book of Oratory ; " " Genevese," a vol. of poems ; " History U.S. Naval Aead.," 1862; "Ancestry of Gen. Grant" 1869 ; and a pamphlet, "Are the West-Point Graduates Loyal? " 1862. Marshall, HUMPHREY, botanist and hor- ticulturist, b. West Bradford, Pa., 1722; d 1801. A cousin of John Bartram. He pub. Arlustum A/nericanum, the American grove, a catalogue of forest trees and shrubs, Phila. 8vo, 1785 and 1788. A French translation appeared in 1788. See Memorials of J. Bartram and H. Marshall, by W. Darlington, Phila. 8vo, 1840. Marshall, HUMPHREY, pioneer to Ky. in 1780; d. Lexington, Ky., 1 July, 1841, at the residence of his son, A. K. Marshall. A relative of Chief Justice M. Member of the State con vention in 1787; served many years in the State legisl. ; and was U.S. senator in 1795- 1801. Author of the first History of Ken tucky, pub. in 1 vol. 1812, enlarged to 2 vols. in 1824. Marshall, GEN. HUMPHREY, b Frankfort, Ky., Jan. 13, 1812 ; d. Louisville, Ky., Mar. 28, 1872. W. Pt. 1832 ; res. 1833. He studied law, wh. he practised in Louisv. with success ; joined Gen. Taylor as col. of cav., fighting at Buena Vista, and leading the charge of the Ky. vols. In 1847 he retired to a farm in Henry Co. ; M.C. 1849-52 and 1855-9; and was commiss. to China, which was immediately raised to a Mrst-ciasi mission, 1852-3. In 1861 he was a gen. in the Confed. army ; com. in Ky. ; de feated by Gen. Garfield at Prestonburg 7 Jan 1862; and afterward com. under Kirby Smith Marshall, JOHN, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 18U2), jurist, b. (jennantown, Fauquier Co., Va., Sept 24, 1755 ; d. Phila. July 6, 1835. Sou of Col. Thomas, 3d Va. Regt., a man of superior tal ents, but a planter of small fortune, who signal ized himself during the Revol., especially at Brandywine, where his regt. bore the brunt of the British assault led by Cormvullis in person. John, though never at college, had some clas sical instruction ; engaged with ardor in the Revol. struggle; was a lieut. in 1776 ; and capt. in May, 1777. He fought against Lord Dun- more in the battle of Great Bridge, and was afterwards in the battles of Brandywine, Ger- mantown, and Monmouth. In 1781 he re signed, and, having been adm. to the bar, de voted himself to the practice of the law, and soon attained eminence. Member of the con vention assembled in Va. for the ratification of the Constitution of the U.S., greatly dis- ting. himself by his powerful reasoning and eloquence, as he also subsequently did in the legislature of Va. in the discussion relative to Jay s treaty. He was solicited by Washington to accept the office of atty.-gen., and again, on the recall of Mr. Monroe from France, tendered the app. as his successor; but he declined both ; yet he afterwards accepted from Pres. Adams the app. of envoy to France, with Gov. Pinckney and Mr. Gerry. The envoys, however, not be ing accredited, Marshall returned to the U.S. in the summer of 1798. M.C. 1799; in 1800 sec. of war; soon afterwards succeeded Picker ing as sec. of state; and, on the resignation of Chief Justice Ellsworth, was made, Jan. 31, 1801, chief justice of the U.S., which office he filled with disting. reputation until his death. Pres. of the Colonization Soc. ; vice-pres. of the Bible Soc. Author of " The Life of Wash ington," pub. 5 vols. 1805, second edition, greatly improved, and compressed into two vols., 1832; " Hist, of the Colonies planted by the English in N. A.," Svo, Phila. 1824. His writings upon the Federal Constitution were pub. Svo, Boston, 1839. His decisions (Va. and N.C. circuit) were pub. bv Brockenbrough, 2 vols. Svo. 1837. Marshall, JOHN JAMES, jurist, b. Wood- ford Co., Ky., Aug. 4, 1785; d. Louisville, June, 1846. N. J. Coll. 1806. He attained distinction in the profession of the law; was also an active politician; in 1814, and many years subsequently, was a member ot the State legisl. From 1836 to his death he presided over the Circuit Court. His ample estate was, during the financial revulsion in 1837, placed at the disposal of his friends; and he died a poor man. He pub. " Reports Ky. Ct. of Appeals, 1831-4," 7 vols. Svo. Marshall, THOMAS, col. Revol. army, b Boston, 1718; d. Weston, Ms., 18 Nov.. 1800. Son of Capt. Christopher. Capt. A. and lion. Art. Co. 1763 and 67 ; maj. Boston regt. 1765 ; lieut.-col. 1767-71 ; com. the 10th Ms. Regt. in the Revol., and was disting. at Saratoga. Marshall, THOMAS ALEXANDER, LL.D (Y.C. 1866), b. Woodford Co., Ky., 15 Jan. 1794 ; d. Louisville 17 Apr. 1871. Y.C. 1815 Son of Senator Humphrey by a dau. of Col 601 Thos. Marshall. Began to practise law in Frankfort in 1817 ; moved to Paris, Ky., in 1819. M.C. 1831-5; judge of the Court of Appeals 1835-56; prof, of law school of Trans. U. 1836-49 ; chief justice Court of App. 1866. Marshall, THOMAS F., h. Frankfort, Ky., June 7, 1801 ; d. near Versailles, Ky., Sept. 22, 1864. Neph. of Chief Justice Marshall. A son of Dr. Lewis Marshall. A lawyer by profess., a man of talent and genius, he sacrificed to in temperance the promise of a bright career. He began practice at an early age; removed to Louisville in 1831 ; became dist. as a political speaker; was sent to the legisl. in 1832; was a judk r e of the Louisville Circuit Court ; and was M.C. in 1841-3, adding to his high reputation by his speeches in that body. Marston, GILMAN, M. C. 1859-63 and 1865-7, b. Orford, N.H. Dartm. Coll. 1837; Dane Law School, 1840. Began to practise law at Exeter, N.H., in 1841 ; member N.H. legisl. 1845-9, and of the Const. Conv. in 1850; col. 2d N.H. Regt. June, 1861, serving in both battles at Manassas, through the Peninsular campaign, and at Fredericksburg ; made brig.- gen. 29 Nov. 1862 ; attached to the Army of the James in 1864 ; and engaged at Drury s Bluff, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg. Martin, ALEXANDER, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1793), b. N. J. fib. 1740; d. Danbury, N.C., Nov. 1807. N. J. Coll. 1756. In 1721 his father emig. from Tyrone Co., Ireland, and settled in N. J. Alex, settled in Guilford Co., N.C., in 1772 ; was a member of the Colonial Assembly ; col. of a Cont. regt. ; and in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown ; State senator 1779-82, 85, 87, and 88; speaker of the senate at the close of the war, and, as such, acting gov. in 1781-2; gov. of N.C. 1782-5 and 1789-92; member of the convention to adopt the Federal Constitution 1788; U.S. senator 1793-9. He was vain of his literary attainments, and pub. in the N. C. University Mag. poetical tributes to Gen. Francis Nash and Gov. Caswell. Wheeler. Martin, DAVID, author of " Erin is my Hume," and other popular pieces; d. Baton llougu, La., 1856. Martin, FRANQOIS XAVIER, LL.D. (H.U. 1841 j, jurist, b. Marseilles, France, March 17, I7f2; d. N. Orleans, Dec. 10, 1846. In 1782 he came to the U.S. ; established himself in Newbern, N.C. He at first supported himself by teaching French; learned printing, and established a newspaper, the copies of which he peddled through the adjoining counties ; and afterwards pub. school-books, almanacs, trans lations of French works, &c. He then studied law, and was ab. 1789 adm. to the bar, and be came disting. in the profession. Pursuing at the same time his vocation of printer, he pub. brief treatises on the duties of sheriffs, of justices of the peace, and of executors and adminis trators. App. during Jefferson s administration judge of the Mpi. Terr. ; and Feb. 1813 was app. atty.-gen. of the State. Feb. 1, 1815, he was elevated by Gov. Claiborne to the Supreme Bench of La., and was chief justice from Jan. 5, 1837, to 1845. Judge Martin was a good general scholar, as well as a sound lawyer. His Histories of La. (2 vols.Svo. 1818) and N.C. (N.O. 1829, 2 vols. 8vo) are monuments to his industry, and his talents as an historian. He pub. " Notes of Decisions in the Superior Cts. of N.C. 1787-96," 8vo, 1797; "Acts of the N.C. Assembly, 1715-1803," 2 vols. 4to ; " Re ports of the Superior Court of Orleans from 1809 to 1812 ; " and "Reports of the Supreme Court of La. from 1813 to 1830," besides a Digest of the Territorial and State Laws in French and English. Martin, GEORGE, chief justiceof Michigan, b. Middlebury, Vt., 1815; d. Detroit, 15 Dec. 1867. He settled in Grand Rapids, Mich., 1836; became a county judge; in 1851 a judge of the Sup. Court, and chief justice from 1857 to his death. Martin, JOHN, gov. of Ga. 1782-3. App. in 1761 naval officer at Sunbury, Ga. ; member of the 1st Prov. Congress, July, 1775, and of the council of safety ; entered the Ga. Cont. line as capt. ; and was in 1781 lieut.-col., and member of the legisl. from Chatham Co. ; State treasurer in 1783; commiss. to make a treaty with the Creek Indians in Jan. 1783. Martin, JOSEPH P., a Revol. soldier, b. Berkshire Co., Ms., 1760; d. Prospect, Me., May 2, 1850. Son of a Cong, clergyman. He entered the Revol. army in the spring of 1776, serving throughout the war, and participating in several of its most bloody battles. At its close he removed to Prospect, then compara tively a wilderness, where he was town clerk for over a quarter of a century. He pub. in 1830 a narrative of his adventures. Martin, JOSHUA L., M.C., Ala., 1835-9; gov. of Ala. 1846-7; d. Tuscaloosa, Nov. 2,1856. Martin, JOSIAH, gov. of N.C. 1771-5, b. Apr. 23, 1737; d. Lond. July, 1786. His father Samuel of Va. lost a large estate by confiscation. His brother Samuel, M.P. for Camelfbrd, fought a duel with John Wilkes. Josiah became ensign 4th Foot, Dec. 1756, and was in 1769 a lieut.-col. He succeeded in pacifying the regulators of N.C., and took energetic measures to preserve the royal author ity in 1775 ; but Apr. 24 was obliged to fly, and took refuge on board " The Cruiser," from which ship he issued a proclamation, Aug. 8. He was on board the fleet of Sir P. Parker at Charleston in June, 1776 ; was with Cornwal- lis at the defeat of Gates at Camden in 1780, but left N.C. on account of ill health in Mar. 1781, and withdrew to Long Island, and thence to England. Martin, LUTHER, LL.D., lawyer, b. N. Brunswick, N. J., 1 744 ; d. N. Y., July 1 0, 1 ^26. N.J. Coll. 1766. He taught school in Queens- town, Md. ; studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1771 ; commenced practice in Accomac and Northampton, Va. ; and was adm. an attorney in the courts of Somerset and Worcester, soon attaining a lucrative practice. In 1774 he became a member of the com. to oppose the claims of Great Britain, and a member of the Annapolis convention. He pub. an answer to the address of the Bros. Howe ; also an address " To the inhabitants of the Peninsula between the Del. River and the Chesapeake ; " member of the Old Congress in 1784-5. Feb. 11, 1778, he was app. atty.-gen. of Md. A violent poli tician, he wrote many pungent essays against 60; the then Deinoc. party ; was in 1804 one of the defenders of Judge Chase impeached in the h. of representatives ; and was the personal and political friend of Burr, whose acquittal he was instrumental in procuring when tried for treason in 1807. App. chief judge of oyer and ttrminer in 1814 for Baltimore, and again atty.-gen. of the State in 1818. He violently opposed the Federal Constitution, though a member of the convention which framed it, advocating the equality of the States, and con tending that a small State should have as many Congressmen as a large State. Author of a " Defence of Capt. Cresap from the Charge of Murder made in Jefferson s Notes," and " Genuine Information, &c., of the Convention at Phila.," &c., 8vo, 1788. See Nat. Port. Gallery. Martin, ROBERT M., jurist, b. Worcester Co., Mel., 1798; d. Saratoga, N.Y., July 20, 1870. N. J. Coll. M.C. 1825-7; chief judge West ern Circuit of Md. 1845-51 ; judge Superior Court of Baltimore 1856-67 ; and prof, m the Law School U. 1867-70. Martin, SIMEON, Revol. patriot.; d. Sce- konk, R.I., Sept. 30, 1819, a. 65. In 1775 he joined Col. Crane s art. regt., and was a capt. in the R.I. line at the battle of Trenton. Dur ing the war ho was adj.-o-en., and subsequently maj.-gen. of the State militia. He long repre sented Newport in the Gen. Assembly, and, un til he declined in 1816, was repeatedly chosen lieut.-gov. of R.I. Martin, COL. WILLIAM, soldier, b. Va. 26 Nov. 1765 ; d. Smith Co., Tenn., 4 Nov. 1846. Near the close of the Revol. he took part in a campaign against the Indians. About 1786 he led a company of pioneers to Tenn. ; afterward settled in S.C., where he was a member of the legisl. He returned to Tenn. in 1798 ; was a member of the legisl.; and in 1812-13 com. a rejrt. of vols. under Jackson in the Creek cam paign; and was at Talladega and in other en gagements. Martin, WILLIAM D., lawyer and politi cian, b. Martin town, S.C., Oct. 20, 1789; d. Charleston, Nov. 16, 1833. He studied law at Litehfield, Ct. ; practised at Edgeworth, Coosaw- hatchie, and several other courts ; and in 1816 was a member of the legisl. In 1818 he was made chairman of the judiciary com. and clerk of the State senate ; and was M.C. from 1827 to 1833. One of the ablest jurists and advocates of S.C., he became in 1830 a judge of the Cir cuit Court. He was of the ultra State-rights school, and was prominent in maintaining the principle of nullification. Martindale, JOHN HENRY, lawyer and soldier, b. Sandy Hill, Washington Co., N.Y., Mar. 20, 1815. West Point, 1 835. In 1 836 he became a civil engr.; afterward studied law with his father ; and practised successively at Bata- via and Rochester. Made brig.-gen. vols. Aug. 9, 1861, he accomp. Gen. McClellan to York- town ; and was in all the battles before Rich mond, in the 5th army corps, under Gen F. J. Porter. Engaged in operations south of Rich mond, in the Army of the James, in May, 1864 ; participated with the Army of the Potomac in the battles of Cold Harbor, June 1-3, 1864, and siege of Petersburg; and com. 18th army corps July-Sept. 1864. Brev. maj.-gen. U.S. vols. 13 Mar. 1865, for battle of Malveru Hill; re- signed 13 Sept. 1864; atty.-gen. N.Y. 1866. Cullum. Martineau, HARRIET, an English author ess, b. Norwich, June 12, 1802. She had estab lished a high reputation as a thinker and a nov elist, when, in Aug. 1834, she sailed for Amer ica, and travelled extensively in the U.S., where she received much attention, and, on her return in the summer of 1836, pub. " Society in Amer ica." She also pub. in 1838 her "Retrospect of Western Travel;" "History of England during the 30-Ycars Peace," 2 vols. 1350; and "Biog. Sketches," 1869. Besides her numer ous publications, she is a frequent contrib. to some of the leading magazines and periodicals. Martyr, PETER, See Anghiera. Mascarene, JEAN PAUL, acting gov. of Nova Scotia in 1 740-9, b. Castras, Languedoc, France, 1684; d. Boston, Jan. 22, 1760. Of a Huguenot family. Paul, at the age of 11, ex patriated himself to Geneva, where he was edu cated by Mr. Rapin. He went to Eng., where he was naturalized in 1706 ; entered the army as a lieut. the same year ; came with the Eng lish troops to America in 1711, and was em ployed in Nova Scotia, where he was by degrees advanced to the rank of col., and was also lieut.- gov. and com. -in-chief. Made a inaj.-gen. in 1758. App. a councillor in 1720, and many years the senior on the board. Ab. 1720 he transmitted to the plantation office a complete description of the province, with suggestions for its settlement and defence. In 1744 he defended Annapolis, and beat oif the French under Du Vivicr. With the govs. of Ms. and N.H. he negotiated with the Indians the treaty of 1725. Mason, ARMISTEAD THOMSON, U.S. sena tor 1815-17, b. London Co., Va., 1787; killed in a duel with Col. McCarty, Feb. 5, 1819. Wm. and M. Coll. 1807. Son of Sen ator Stevens Thomson Mason. Was a, farmer by occupation; a col. in the war of 1812, and ably defended Norfolk; and was subsequently a brig.-gen. of Va. militia. His only child, Stevens Thorn son, a capt. of the mounted rifles, fell mortally wounded at Cerro Gordo. In con sequence of a political dispute with his relative John McCarty, they fought a duel at Bladens- burg with muskets!! His corresp. with his an tagonist, which was pub., manifested the most malignant ferocity. Mason, CHARLES; d. Phila. 1787. Assist. of Dr. Bradley at the Roy. Observatory, Green wich. He pub. Mayer s "Lunar Tables Im proved," Lond. 4to, 1789; and contrib. astro nomical papers to "Phila.Trans.," 1761, 68, 70. With Jeremiah Dixon he ran the bound ary-line between Md. and Pa., known as "Mason and Dixon s Line," in 1763-8. Mason, QHARLES, lawyer, b. N.Y. about 1808. West Point (1st in class), 1829. Enter ing the engrs., he resigned 3 Dec. 1831, and has since practised law at Newburg, N. Y. (1832-4), N. Y. City (1834-6), Burlington, Iowa (1847-53, 1858-9), and at Washington, D. C. (since 1860). Acting editor N. Y. Evg. Post 1835-6; dist.-atty. DCS Moines Co., Wis., 1837-8; chief justice Sup. Court of Iowa 1838- 47 ; com miss, to draught a code of laws for Stat* 603 ,-)f Iowa 1848-51; judge of DCS Moines Co. Court 1851-2; U.S. commissioner of patents 1853-7. Cullum. Mason, EBENEZER PORTER, astronomer, b. Washington, Ct., Dec. 7, 1819; d. near Richmond, Va., Dec. 24, 1840. Y.C. 1839. Though only 21 at the time of his death, young Mason had attained distinguished rank as a mathematician and astronomer. In the summer of 1840 he assisted in exploring and fixing the disputed boundary between Me. and Canada. In the short interval between his graduation and death, he found time, in nar row circumstances, with rapidly-failing health, to pursue and pub. his " Observations on Neb ulas," a paper which gained the admiration of Sir J. Herschel. His Life and Writings were pub. in 1842 by Prof. Olmstead. Mason, ERSKINE, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1837), minister of Bleecker-st. Church, New York. 1830-51, b. N.Y. City, 16 Apr. 1805; d. May 14,1851. Dick. Coll. 1823. Son of Dr. John M. Mason. Ord. Presb. church, 20 Oct. 1826 ; installed over the church at Schenectady 3 May, 1827 ; prof, of Eccles. Hist. Union The- ol. Sem. 1836-42. His Memoir, by Rev. Wm. Adams, is prefixed to his sermons on practical subjects, entitled " A Pastor s Lega cy," 8vo, 1853. Sprague. " Mason, FRAXCIS, D.D. (B.U. 1853), cler gyman and missionary, b. York, Eng., Apr. 2, 1799. He was a shoemaker s apprentice; at 19 emig. to Phila. ; settled at Canton, Ms., in 1825 ; studied at the Theol. Sem., Newton, Ms., in 1827; and in May, 1830, having been ord., sailed with his wife for Calcutta as a mission ary of the Baptists to the Karens. Acquiring the language, he wrote its first book, "The Sayings of the Elders." He prepared Pali and Burmese grammars, and acquired many of the Oriental languages. In 1853 he pub. a Karen translation of the Bible. He was also medical adviser to this tribe, and, having stud ied medicine, pub. a small work on materia medica and pathology in one of the Karen dia lects. Many years editor of the Morning Star, a Karen monthly, in both the Sgan and Pwo dialects. Member of many literary and scien tific bodies. His English writings are " Re port of the Tavoy Mission Society ; " " Life of Kothabyn," the Karen apostle; "Memoir of Mrs. Helen M. Mason," 1847; "Memoir of "San Quala," 1850; and "Burmah, its People and Natural Productions," 1852, en larged edition, 1861 ; d. Rangoon, Mar. 3, 1874. Mason, GEORGE, statesman, b. Doeg s Neck, Fairfax Co., Va., 1726; d. Oct. 7, 1792. His ancestor Col. George, an M. P. in the reign of Charles I., subsequently an officer in the army of Charles II., after the defeat at Worcester in 1651, escaped to America, and landed at Norfolk, Va. George, after his mar riage with Ann Eilbeck, built Gunston Hall on the banks of the Potomac, where he resided till his death. In 1769 he drew up the non-im portation resolutions, which were presented by Washington in the Va. Assembly, and unani mously adopted. Against the assertion by the British parliament of the right of taxation, Mason wrote a tract, entitled " Extracts from die Va. Charters, with some Remarks upon them." At a meeting of the people of Fair fax, July 18, 1774, Mason presented a series o f 24 resolutions, which reviewed the whole ground of controversy, recommended a con gress of the Colonies, and urged the policy of non-intercourse with the mother-country. They were sanctioned by the Va. conv. of Aug., and substantially adopted by the first Gen. Congress on the 20th of Oct. He was a member of the com. of safety ; and in May. 1776, in the Va. convention, drafted the decl. of rights and the constitution of Va., which were adopted by a unanimous vote. His ability as a debater, as well as his liberal spirit, was eminently displayed in the first legisl. of Va., upon his measure for the repeal of all the old disabling acts, and for legalizing all modes of worship. In 1777 he was elected to the Cont. Congress ; in 1 787 he was a member of the conwntion to frame the U.S. Constitution ; took a leading part in its debates, and favored the election of the pres. directly by the people, and for a term of 7 years, with ineligibility afterward. He spoke with great energy against the clause of the Constitution which prohibited the abolition of the slave-trade till 1808, declaring that slavery was a source of national weakness and demoralization, and it was therefore essential that the Gen. Govt. should have power to prevent its increase. Some of his propositions were defeated ; and he refused his signature to the instrument. In the Va. convention, with Henry, he opposed its ratification, unless withcertain amendments, some of which were afterwards adopted by Congress and the State. Elected first U.S. sen ator from Va., he declined, and devoted the rest of his life to study, and to hunting and fishing, of which he was extremely fond. Jef ferson says of him, " He was a man of the first order of wisdom, of expansive mind, profound judgment, cogent in argument, learned in the lore of our former constitution, and earnest for the republican change on Democratic prin ciples." Mason, GEORGE C., editor of the New port Mercury, b. Newport, R.I., 1820. Author of "Newport Illustrated," 1854; "George Ready," a story for boys, 1857; " The Appli cation of Art to Manufactures," 12mo, 1858. AUibone. Mason, JAMES L.,brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. Providence, R.L, 1817; d. San Francisco, Gal., Sept. 5, 1853. West Point, 1836. Son of Maj. Milo Mason. Lieut, of engr. July, 1836; capt. 24 Apr. 1847; brev. major for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco ; brev. lieut.-col. for El Molino del Rev, Sept. 8, 1847, where he was severely wounded ; and was superintending the construction of fortifica tions at San Francisco at the time of his death. He was long in charge of the construction of the fortifications of Fort Adams ; and was a skilful and scientific engineer. Author of "Analytical Investigation of the Resistance of Piles to Superincumbent Pressure," 1850, and of various milit. and scient. reports, 1836-53. Mason, JAMES MURRAY, senator, b. Ana losta Island, Fairfax Co., Va., 3 Nov. 1798; d. near Alexandria, Va., 29 Apr. 1871. U. of Pa. 1818. Grandson of George, and son of 3VLA.S 604 Gen. John, who d. Clermont 19 Mar. 1849, a. 82. He studied law at Wm. and Mary Coll.; began practice in 1820; was elected to the h. of delegates in 1826, and twice re-elected ; M.C. in 1837-9; and U.S. senator from 1847, until expelled in July, 1861, for taking part in the Rebellion. He was a leading proslavery senator, and was chairm. of the com. on for eign relations. He served in the Confed. con gress ; was app. with John Slidell a commiss. to Eng., and was captured in the British mail- packet " Trent," by Capt. Wilkes, 8 Nov. 1861, in the Bahama Channel, and confined in Fort Warren, Boston harbor, until released on demand of the British Govt. 2 Jan. 1862. Re- turning to Eng., the commissioners afterward resided some time in Paris, where their recep tion was very friendly. Mr. Mason was the author of the Fugitive-Slave Law of 1850. Mason, JEREMIAH, LL.D. (H.U. 1817), lawyer, b. Lebanon, Ct., Apr. 27, 1768; d. Boston, Oct. 14, 1848. Y.C. 1788. Descended from Capt. John Mason of Ct. His maternal ancestor was Rev. James Fitch. His father, Col. Jeremiah, Revol. off., com. a comp. of min ute-men at the siege of Boston, and d. Lebanon 1813. The son studied law; was adm. to the Vt. bar in June, 1791 ; and began to practise in Westmoreland, N. H. adjoining Walpole; but in 1794 removed to Walpole, and in 1797 to Portsmouth. In 1 802 lie was app. atty.-gen., and soon became the acknowledged head of his profession in the State. U.S. senator 1813-17 ; member of the N.H. legisl. during several ses sions, in which he took a leading share in the re vision of the State code. He draughted the reso lutions and report of the legisl. on the Va. resolu tions touching the Mo. Compromise. In Apr. 1832 he removed to Boston, where, until the- age of 70, he was extensively retained in important causes. He was personally little known out of New England ; but his name and presence were familiar to every lawyer of his own and the adjoining States; and nothing could ex ceed the respect, and almost terror, that was felt at the bar for the acuteness, rapidity, and vigor of his mind. Mr. Webster said of him, " I am bound to say, that of my own profes sional discipline and attainments, whatever they may be, I owe much to that close atten tion to the discharge of my duties, which I was compelled to pay for 9 successive years, from day to day, by Mr. Mason s efforts and arguments at the same bar. . . . The char acteristics of his mind, as I think, were real greatness, strength, and sagacity. He was great through strong sense and sound judgment." Mason, CAPT. JOHN, founder of N.H., b. King s Lynn, Norfolk Co., Eng.; d. Lond. Dec. 1635. Buried in Westminster Abbey, Lond. In 1610 he had charge of a naval exped. sent by Bang James to subdue a re bellion in the Hebrides ; in 1616 he went to Newfoundland as gov., surveyed the island, and made an accurate map of it, which was pub. Lond. 1626. He also wrote a description of Newfoundland, pub. Edinb. 1620. In 1617 he explored the coast of N.E. ; Mar. 9, 1622, he ob tained from the Great Council a grant of a tract of land on the seacoast between Naumkeag and Mc-rrhnack Rivers, called Mariana; Aug. 10, 1622, jointly with Sir F. Gorges, he procured a patent for a tract of land on the sea;.oast, between the Merrimack and Sagadahoc Rivers, called the Province of Maine; early in 1623 he sent a colony to settle on the w. banks of the Piscataqua River, the beginning of the first settlement of that region. Treas. and paym. of the king s armies during the war with Spain in 1624-9. Nov. 7, 1629, he took from the council for N.E. a patent for a tract of land on the seacoast, between the Merrimack and the Piscataqua Rivers, called New Hampshire ; and Nov. 17, 1629, took with Gorges a patent for a tract embracing Lake Champlain and the country thereabouts, called Laconia ; in 1630 he sent additional colonists to the Piscat aqua; and, in the autumn of 1631, Mason, Gorges, and others formed a partnership in Lond. for the purpose of trade and settlement there; in 1632 he became a member of the Great Council forN.E., and soon after vice-pres. ; was ab. this time app. capt. of the South Sea castle, a fortress at the entrance of Portsni. har bor, Eng. ; was judge of the courts in Hamp shire in 1635; was a commiss. to visit annually all the forts and castles in Eng. ; in Oct. he was app. vice-adm. of N.E., and, while prepar ing to come hither to assume the duties of his office, fell sick and d. Mason s heirs sold their rights to the province of N.H. to Samuel Allen in 1691. Col. JOHN TUFTON MASON, a lineal descendant, sold all his rights (29 Jan. 1746) for 1,500 to 12 gentlemen of Portsm. known as the Masonian proprietors. C. W. Tuttle s Life of Capt. John Mason now in preparation. Mason, CAPT. JOHN, soldier, b. Eng. ab. 1600; d. Norw., Ct., Jan. 30, 1672. Reserved in the Netherlands under Fairfax, who esteemed him so highly as to invite him by letter to join his standard in the civil war. Mason was one of the first settlers of Dorchester in 1630, but removed to Windsor ab. 1635. In May, 1637, he led a force of 90 whites, and several hun dred Indians, under Uncas and Miantonomoh, against the Pequot fort at Mystic. Attacking them in the early morning of the 26th, they were surprised: an entrance was effected; a hand-to-hand conflict ensued; the torch was ap plied ; 600 Indians perished ; and the strength of this formidable tribe was broken. Maoon was soon after app. maj.-gen. of the Ct. forces, continuing till his death; was a magistrate from 1642 till May, 1668, and dep. gov. from May, 1660, till May, 1670. After the Pequot war he removed to Saybrook, at the request of its settlers, and for the defence of the Colony, whence, in 1 659, he removed to Norwich. Mason was tall and portly, equally disting. for cour age and vigor. At the request of the Gen. Court, he drew up and published a history of the Pequot war, reprinted in Increase Mather s Relation of Troubles by the Indians, 1677 ; it was also repub., with notes by Prince, in 1736, 12mo. See Life by Geo. E. Ellis, in Sparks s Amer. Biog., new se r. iii. Mason, JOHN, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1786), Presb. minister, b. Scotland, 1734; d. N.Y. Apr. 19, 1792. At the age of 24 he taught logic and moral philos. in the theol. sem. of the Antilmrghers at Abernethy, by whom he was ordained; and took the pastoral charge of 605 ZN.LA.S a cong. in Cedar St., New York, on his arrival in 1761. He was a man of great learning, and accurate and mature scholarship. Mason, JOHN MITCHELL, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1804), divine, b. N.Y. City, Mar. 19, 1770; d. there Dec. 26, 1829. Col. ^Coll. 1789. Son of the preceding. He studied at the U. of Edinburgh, but was recalled, on his father s death in 1792, to succeed him in the ministry. By his efforts a theol. sem. was established in N.Y. in 1804, of which he was app. prof, of theol.; in 1806 he projected the Christian s Magazine, in which he carried on a contro versy with Bishop Hobart. Resigning his pas toral charge in 1810, with the purpose of forming a new cong., he preached a while in a Presb. church-edifice, and, having established more intimate relations between the two congs. than were believed by some to be authorized by the constitution of the Associate Ref. Church, the subject was brought before the synod at Phiia. in 1811, and occasioned Dr. Mason s " Plea for Sacramental Communion on Catholic Principles." Provost of Col. Coll. in 181 1-16 ; impaired health caused him to visit Europe, where he travelled extensively; returning in 1317, he was from 1821 to 1824 pros, of Dick. Coll. ; in 1822 he connected himself with the Presb. Church. He was celebrated for his eloquence. A collection of his works was edited by his son, Rev. E. Mason, 4 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1832 and 1849. His orations of the most general interest were on the death of Washington and of Hamilton. Memoirs, with some of his Correspondence, was pub. by his son-in-law, J. Van Vechten, D.D., 2 vols. 8vo, 1856. Mason, JOHN Y., LL.D. (U. of N. C.), statesman, b. Greensville, Va., Apr. 18, 1799; d. Paris, Oct. 3, 1859. U. of N.C. 1816. He adopted the profession of law ; and was a dele gate to the General Assembly 10 years; judge of the Dist. Court of Va. ; M. C. 1831 to 1837 ; in 1837 he was app. judge of the U.S. Court for Va. ; delegate to the Const. Convs. of 1828 and 1849; a member of Pres. Tyler s cabinet as ec. of the U.S. navy in 1844; of Pres. Folk s, first as atty.-gen, and, secondly, as sec. of the navy, 1846-9; and was app. by Pros. Pierce, Jan. 22, 1854, minister to France, in which position he remained until his death. Mason, JONATHAN, lawyer and statesman, b. Boston, Aug. 30, 1752; d. there Nov. 1, 1831. N. J. Coll. 1774. Son of Dea. Jonathan of the Old South Church. Studied law under John Adams, and became an atty. in 1777. He was one of the witnesses of the Boston Massacre, and delivered the oration Mar. 5, 1780. He became eminent as a counsellor ; and member of the State legisl. ; in 1798 was of the gov ernor s council; was U.S. senator in 1800-3 ; and M.C. in 1817-20 ; in the senate he took a prominent part in the discussions, and es pecially in the celebrated debate on the repeal of the judiciary act of Feb. 13, 1801 ; he was a firm Federalist ; was disting. for great energy of character, and dignity of manners. Mason, LOWELL, Mus. Doc. (U. of N.Y. 1855), musical teacher and composer, b. Med- field, Ms., Jan. 8, 1792. He commenced teach ing very young ; removed to Savannah, Ga., in 1812; and in 1821 pub. the "Boston Handel and Haydn Collection of Church Music ; " ho removed to Boston in 1827 ; devoted himself to the musical instruction of children, and the introduction of vocal music into the public schools ; associating himself with G. J. Webb, vocal music received a neAv and extraordinary impulse in Boston and throughout New Eng land; the Boston Academy of Music was established ; and " Teachers Institutes," for the training of teachers and leaders of choirs, were generally established. His was the first musical degree ever conferred by an Amcr. coll. He has been a frequent contrib. to the Musical Review and other periodicals; has pub. many juvenile collections of music and glee books, and 20 sacred and church music books, with the assistance of Mr. Webb : these works contain some pieces of his own compo sition. His sons, under the style of "Mason Bros.," carry on an extensive publish, business in N.Y. City; d. Orange, N.J., Aug. 11, 1872. Mason, RICHARD B., brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Va. ; d. Jefferson Barracks, Mo., July 25, 1850. Grandson of George Mason. Lieut. 8th Inf. Sept. 2, 1817; capt. July, 1819; in Black Hawk s war, major 1st Dragoons Mar. 4, 1833; lieut.-col. July 4, 1836; col. June 30, 1846 ; com. the forces in Cal., and ex officio gov., 1847-8; brev. brig.-gcn. for meritorious con duct in Mexican war, May 30, 1848. Mason, STEVENS THOMSON, son of Thom son Mason, patriot and senator, b. Stafford, Va., 1760; d. Phila. May 10, 1803. Win. and Mary Coll. At the age of 20 he had attained the rank of col. in the Revol. army, and served with distinction near the close of the war ; he attained the rank of gen ; was a member of the Va. h. of burgesses ; was a conspicuous mem ber of the convention of Va. in 1788 ; and was a U.S. senator from 1794 until his death. He had great powers of oratory, wit, and sarcasm, and was very popular. Mason, STEVENS THOMPSON, a pioneer statesman of Mich., b. London Co., Va., 1811 ; d. N.Y. Jan. 4, 1843. Grandson of S. T. ; only son of Gen. John T. Mason of Ky. Was app. when 19 years old sec. of the newly-or ganized Terr, of Mich., performing also the responsible duties of gov. in 1834-5, when the Terr, became an independent State, and was adm. into the Union. He was gov. in 1836-40. Mason, THOMSON, jurist, younger bro. of George, b. 1730; d. 1785. He studied law in the Temple at London ; settled in London Co. ; was frequently a member of the h. of burgesses, and became an eminent jurist. In 1774 he pub. a series of masterly papers, ia which he maintained the duty of open resist ance to the mother-country : the first of these papers was signed " A British American ; " the others appeared under his own name. In 1778 he was a member of the State Supreme Court ; and, with his bro., was nominated by the senate to revise the laws of Va. ; member of the legisl. in 1779 and 1783. Massasoit, a sachem of the Warn pan o- ags; d. in the latter part of 1661, a. ab. 80. His domain extended from Cape Cod to Narra- ganset Bay ; but his tribe, supposed to have numbered ^30,000, had, just before the Ian ling 606 of the Pilgrims, dwindled, from disease, to barely 300. March 16, 1621, he appeared before the infant settlement at Plymouth, with 60 of his warriors, armed and painted, for the purpose of forming a friendly league with the whites. Gov. Carver, in behalf of the Colony, concluded with the Indians a treaty of peace, kept sa credly for 50 years. In March, 1623, he was visited, while sick, by Edward Winslow, and, grateful for his attentions, revealed a plot for the destruction of the Plymouth settlers. He resided within the limits of Warren, R.I., near a spring which still bears his name. Roger Williams, while on his way to Providence, was for several weeks his guest at this place. Mas- sasoit was just, humane, and honest, never breaking his word, and constantly endeavoring to imbue his people with a love of peace. Morton, in his " Memorial," says he was "a portly man in his best years, grave of counte nance, spare of speech." His second son Pom- etacom, called by the colonists King Philip, who ultimately became sachem, in the vain en deavor of putting a stop to the encroachments of the whites, inaugurated the bloody contest known as Philip s War. Massie, GEN. NATHANIEL, b. Goochland Co., Va., Dec. 28, 1763; d. Paint Creek Falls, O., Nov. 13, 1813. Son of Maj. Nathaniel, a farmer. He entered the Revol. army at the age of 17; afterwards studied surveying ; emigrat ed to the West in the fall of 1783, locating himself in Ky., but removed to Manchester, Ohio, in 1790, pursuing the occupation of a surveyor. In 1 796 he laid out Chillicothe from his own land. He was actively engaged in the early Indian wars of the North-west; be came col. and afterwards gen. of the militia of O. ; was a delegate to the convention for fram ing a State constitution in 1802; then to the senate, of which he was chosen speaker ; and was often a member of the legisl. ; a candidate for gov. of the State in 1807, and declared duly elected, but he immediately resigned. IVIassey, RT. HON. EYRE, Lord Clarina, a Brit, gen., b. Ireland, May 24, 1719; d. May 17, 1804, at Bath. He entered young into the service, and was wounded at the battle of Culloden in 1745; was at the head of the grenadiers who stormed and took the Moro Castle, Havana, where he was again wound ed; also at the taking of Martinique. He was one of the last of Wolfe s companions at Quebec; captured Fort Oswegachie in Aug. 1760 ; and was a brig.-gen. during the Revol. war, commanding at Halifax, N.S. ; made an Irish peer Dec. 27, 1800. Masterman, STILLMAN, physicist, b. Weld, Me., 28 Jan. 1831; d. there 19 July, 1863. With but a scanty education he applied all his leisure to acquisitions in natural science while working on a farm. His " Observations on Thunder and Lightning," in Smithsonian Reports for 1855, give the results of 304 obser vations in 1850-4. He was an accurate and faithful observer, and contrib. nearly 20 papers to the Smithsonian Reports, the Amer. Journal f Science, and the Astronomical Journal. Mather, COTTON, D.D. (Glasg. 1710), F.R.S , the most noted of early N. Eng. divines; b. Boston, Feb. 12, 1663; d. there Feb. 13, 1728. Son of Increase Mather, and grandson of John Cotton. He was trained for Harvard by the learned Ezekiel Cheever, and was a precocious student, graduating in 1678 with extraordinary proficiency. Employed several years in teaching; ord. minister of the North Church in Boston, as colleague with his father, May 13, 1684. He carried the doctrine of special providence to excess. A firm be liever in witchcraft, he entered vigorously upon the persecutions of his day in N. Eng., in which he was chiefly instrumental, honestly be lieving he was doing God service by witch- hunting. His " Memorable Providences relating to Witchcraft "app. in 1689. 20 executions took place at Salem in 1692. His " Wonders of the Invisible World" (1692) gives an account of the witchcraft trials. Even after the publi cation of Robert Calef s reply, " More Wonders of the Invisible World " (Lond. 1700J, Mather made no retraction of his former judgments or convictions. In other respects, the memory of Mather deserves to be held in esteem. When the new discovery of inoculation for the small-pox, which he was the first to in troduce, came up, Mather set himself against the popular outcry, and on the side of re form. The great Franklin, in his Autobiog raphy, acknowledges his obligations to Dr. Mather s " Essays to Do Good." He was one of the first to employ the press extensively in the dissemination of tracts ; he early lifted his voice in favor of temperance; he preached and wrote for sailors ; he instructed negroes ; and he y- was a devoted historiographer of his country; besides discharging the sacred duties of his profession. The catalogue of his printed works, enumerated by his son Samuel at the close of his Memoir of his father, numbers 382, bearing date from 1686 to 1727. His great work is the " Magnalia Christi Americana" (Lond. fol. 1702). The 2d Aracr. ed., with introd. and notes by Rev. Thos. Robbins, D.D., and translations of the quotations by L. F. Robinson, 2 vols. 8vo, 1855, contains a Me moir of Mather by S. G. Drake. Among his other works are " The Christian Philosopher," and " The Psalterium Americanum," 1718, an attempt to improve the careless version of the Psalms then current, by a translation exactly conformed to the original, and written in blank verse; "Life of Increase Mather," Svo, 1724; "Mirabilia Dei," 1719 ; " Ratio Discipline," and " Directions to a Candidate for the Ministry," 1726. Duijckinck ; Attibone. Mather, INCREASE, D.D. (H. U. 1692), a learned divine and author, b. Dorchester, Ms., June 21, 1639 ; d. Aug. 23, 1723. II. U. 1656 ; Dublin U. 1658. Son of Rev. Richard. He spent some years in Eng., a part of the time as a preacher, and, returning to Boston ab. Sept. 1, 1661, began to preach at the North Church, though not ord. there until May 27, 1664. He was pres. of H.U. from June 11, 1685, to Sept. 6, 1701. A member of the syn od of 1679 and 1680, he drew up the result which was adopted. He was the first upon whom was conferred in this country the degree of D.D. ; he strenuously opposed the surrender of the charter of Ms. ; went to Eng. in Apr. 1688. as its agent for redress of grievances j 607 and returned to Boston. May 14, 1692, with a new charter, which gave to Mather the nomi nation of the gov., lieut.-gov., and the coun cil. He was one of the few who opposed the violent measures toward those accused of witchcraft in 1692, and wrote a treatise on the subject. He was a man of great industry, learning, and usefulness. His wife was Maria, dau. of Rev. John Cotton. Author of " The History of the War with the Indians," 1676 ; "A Relation of Troubles of N.E. from the Indians," 1677 (both repub. with notes and introd. by S. G. Drake) ; " Cometographia, or a Discourse concerning Comets," 1683 ; "Re markable Providences," 1684; "Several Pa pers relating to the State of N.E.," 1690; " The Revolution Justified." A list of 92 of his pubs, is in the N. E. H. and G. Reg. ii. pp. 23, 24. Mather, MOSES, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1791), clergyman, a descendant of Richard, b. Lyme, Ct., Feb. 23, 1719; d. Darien, Ct., Sept. 21, 1806. Y. C. 1739. 14 June, 1744, he was in stalled over the Cong, church at Darien, Ct., where he remained till his death. He warmly espoused the cause of the Colonies in the Revolutionary war; and was twice taken by the British and Tories, carried to New York, and confined in the Provost Prison. He pub. a Reply to Dr. Bellamy on the Half-way Cove nant ; " Infant Baptism Defended," 1759; and was the author of a posthumous work, " A Systematic View of Divinity," 12mo, 1813. Mather, RICHARD, minister of Dorches ter, b. Lowton, Lancash., Eng., 1596; d. Dor chester, Ms., Apr. 22, 1669. _ Son of Thomas. Adm. a student at Oxford in May, 1818, but soon after became the minister of Toxteth, until silenced for non-conformity in 1634. In May, 1635, he left Eng. ; arrived at Boston Aug. 17 ; and was settled, Aug. 23, 1636, over the church in Dorchester, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was prominent in every synod in N. E. front his arrival until his death. In 1646 he assisted Eliot and Welde in making the N. E. version of the Psalms. His model of church-discipline presented to the synod of 1648 was generally adopted. He pub. in 1639 the Discourse about the Church Covenant, and the Answer to 32 Questions; a treatise of Justification, 1652 ; and prepared for the press an elaborate defence of the churches of N. E. His son NATHANIEL, minister in Lon don, of eminent piety and learning, b. Lan cashire, Eng., 20 Mar. 1630, d. London, 26 July, 1697. H.U. 1647. See Life and Death of &. M., by Inc. Mather, 4to, 1670; Journal (ffom orifj. MS. in their archives) in Colls. Dorch. Antic/, and Hist. Soc., No. 3. Mather, SAMUEL, divine, son of Richard, b. Lancashire, Eng., May 13, 1626 ; d. at Dub lin, Oct. 29, 1671. H. U. 1643. He came with his father to N. E. ; was a fellow of Harv. Coll. ; was some time assist, to Rev. Mr. Rog ers in Rowley ; and was pastor of the North Church, Boston, 1649. Returning to Eng. in 1650, he was app. chaplain of Magdalen Coll., Oxford ; preached in Scotland and Ireland ; went to Dublin in 1655; and was senior fel low of Ttinity Coll., Dublin, and minister of the Church of St. Nicholas. Soon after the Restoration, he was suspended on a charge of sedition; he was then minister at Barton Wood until ejected in 1662; he afterward gathered a church at his own house in Dublin, and was succeeded by his bro. Nathaniel. He held the first rank as a preacher. He pub. ser mons and tracts ; " Old-Testament Types Ex plained and Improved," 4to, London, 1673 ; " Life of Nathaniel Mather; " with several ser mons, 1689. Mather, SAMUEL, D.D. (H.U. 1773), min ister in Boston, son of Rev. Cotton, b. Oct. 30, 1706; d. June 27, 1785. H.U. 1723. Ord. colleague with Mr. Gee, June 21, 1732 ; dism Oct. 23. 1741. A church was built for him in Bennet St. by those who withdrew with him from the Old North, of which he was pastor till his death. He pub. a " Life of Cotton Mather," 8vo, 1729; "Essay on Gratitude," 1732; "An Apology for the Liberties of the Churches in N. E.," 8vo, 1738; "America Known to the Ancients," 1773 ; " The Sacred Minister," a poem in blank verse, 1773; and occasional sermons. Mather, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, LL.D. (B.U. 1855), geologist, b. Brooklyn, Ct., May 24, 1804; d. Columbus, O., Feb. 27, 1859. West Point, 1828. Assist, prof, of chemistry and mineralogy from 1829 to 1835 ; 1st lieut. Dec. 1834; and resigned 31 Aug. 1836; prof, of chemistry of the La. U. 1836 ; geologist of South-eastern N. Y. 1836-1844; State geolo gist of O. 1837-40, and of Ky. 1838-9 ; prof, of natural science of the U. of O. 1842-5; and in 1847-50 vice-pres. and acting pres. of the same. He is said to have had the largest and best col lection of minerals, and every description of geological specimens, in the West. Author of "Elements of Geology," 1833; with others, " Report of the Geol." Surv. of Ohio," 8vo, 1838; "Geol. of N.Y." 1843; also of the. States of Ms., Ct., Pa., Ky., Mich., and West ern Territories ; and of numerous scientific papers. Editor of Western Agriculturist 1851-2; member of many scient., hist., and lit. associa tions. Mathew, EDWARD, a British gen., b. 1 729 ; d. Dec. 26, 1805, at Clanville Lodge, Hants, England. Ensign in the Coldstream Guards in 1746 ; capt. and lieut.-col. 1762 ; col. March 20, 1775; and March 28 aide-de-camp to the king. He came to America in 1776 in com. of a brigade of the Guards, with the rank of brig.-gen. ; took part in the capture of Fort Washington, Nov. 1776; in May, 1779, com. the party sent to destroy Gosport, Va. ; and after his return accomp. Clinton up the Hudson when Verplancks and Stony Points were captured. In Feb. 1779 he was app. maj.-gen. ; became col. of the 62d Regt. the same year ; and was stationed at or near N.Y. in 1780, in which year he returned home. He was app. com.-in-chief of the forces in the W. Indies in Nov. 1782 ; in 1783 was gov.-gen. of Granada and the southern Caribbee Islands; and in 1797 became a general. Mathews, CORNELIUS, author and jour nalist, b. Port Chester, N. Y., Oct. 28, 1817. U. of N.Y. 1835. Adm. to the bar in 1837. In 1836 he commenced writing in prose and verse for the Amer. Monthly May., the N. Y. Revieiv, the Knickerbocker Mag., and other periodicals. 608 H, pr.b. "Behemoth" in 1839; "The Politi cian.-:," a comedy, 1840; "The Career of Puller Hopkins," 1841 ; "Poems on Man in the Re public," 1843; "Big Abel and Little Manhat tan," 1845; "Witchcraft," a tragedy, 1846; "Jacob Leisler," a play produced in Phila. 1848 ; "Mony Penny, or the Heart of the World," 1850; "Chanticleer, a Thanksgiving Srory of the Peabody Family ; " " Pen-and-ink Panorama of N. Y. City," 1853; "False Pre tences," a comedy, 1 856, &c. He was some time associate editor of Arcturus, a monthly maga zine; has since edited various journals, and contrib. largely to the Literary TFor/c? and oth er periodicals ; and has been an active advo cate of international copyright. His writings, which ai\3 characterized by originality, were pub. in N.Y. 8vo, 1843. Matthews, GEORGE, soldier and states man, b. Aug. Co., Va., 1739; d. Augusta, Ga., Aug. 30, 1812. He led a vol. company against the Indians at the age of 22, and dis- ting. himself greatly at the battle of Point Pleasant, Oct. 10, 1774. Col. 9th Va. regt. in the Eevol., he was engaged at Brandywine and at Germantown, where he was made prisoner, though nut until he had received 9 bayonet wounds. Confined on board a prison-ship in N. Y. harbor, he was not exchanged until Dec. 5, 1781, when he joined Greene s army as com. of the 3d Ya. Regt. In 1785 he removed Avith his family to a tract of land which he had pur- chas:-d on Broad River, Oglcthorpe Co., Ga. Of this State he was gov. in 1780 and 1793-6; M.C. 1789-91 ; afterward brig.-gcn. Ga. mili tia, he was authorized by the pres., Jan. 26, 181 1, to take possession of W. Florida, and, in certain contingencies, of E. Florida, and cap tured Amelia Island. Mathews, GEORGE, jurist, b. near Staun- ton, Va., Sept. 21, 1774; d. near Bayou Sara, La., Nov. 14, 1836. Son of the preceding. Studied law at Liberty Hall Acad., Va., and was in 1799 adm. to the bar of Ga. App. in 1 805 by Jcficrson a j udge of the Superior Court of Mpi. Terr., and in 1806 of the Superior Co.-ri in the Terr, of Orleans; he was, on the organization of the State judiciary of La., app. Eres. justice of the Supreme Court, which post c held till his death. Matthews, JOHX, ^gov. of S.C. 1782-3, and one of the most active and influential pro- notors of the Revol. in that State ; d. Charles ton, Nov. 1802, a. 58. He was the first speaker of the house of representatives after the disso lution of the royal govt. 1^1776, and was app. that year an associate justice of the Supreme Court. In 1778-82 he was a delegate to Con gress ; and was one of the com. to visit the ar- mv ; and also a member of the com. to confer with the Pa. line, which had mutinied. In 1784, on the establishment of the Court of Equity, he was app. one of the judges. Matlaek, COL. TIMOTHY, Revol. patriot, b. HadJontield, N. J., 1730; d. near Holmes- burg, Pa., Apr. 15, 1829. One of the Society of Free Quakers, or, as they were usually called, Fighting Quakers. He was among the most active spirits of the time ; was one of the gen. com. of safety; and, as col. of a Pa. bat talion, did good service; member Old Con- gress 1780-1. He was many years "master of the rolls ; " resided at Lancaster a long time ; and was afterward prothonotary of one of the Phila. courts. He lived to be 99, and retained his faculties in a remarkable degree. Simpson. Mattacks, JOHN, gov. of Vt. 1843-4, b Hartford, Ct., 4 Mar. 1777; d. Peacham, Vt., 14 Aug. 1847. His father, who was state treas. of Vt. 1786-1 SOI, settled in Tinmonth about 1778. John began to practise law at Danville in 1797, but in 1798 removed to Peacham, and practised there successfully many years. Sev eral years in the legisl. ; brig.-gcn. of militia in the war of 1812-15; M.C. 1821-5 and 1841-3; judge of the Sup. Court in 1833-4 ; and mem ber Const. Conv. of 1835. Matteson, TOMPKINS, artist, b. Peterbor ough, N.Y., May 9, 1813. He learned the rudi ments of his art from an Indian famous for his carvings and drawings. After many discour agements, he in 1839-42 painted portraits in Western N.Y. with success. He acquired celebrity by his " Spirit of 76." Settled in New York in 1842, and in 1850 purchased a home at Sherburne, N.Y. Among his pictures arc "The Burning of Schenectady," "First Sabbath of the Pilgrims," " Signing the Com pact on Board the Mayflower," " Eliot preaching to the Indians," " First Prayer in Congress," "A Justice s Court," "Rip Van Winkle s Return from the Mountains," &c. He became pres. of the Chenango Agric. Soc. in 1855, and member of the State legislature. Tnckerma,n, Matthias, a religious impostor, whose real name was ROBERT MATTHEWS, b. Washington Co., N.Y., about 1790; d. in Ark. He kept a country store, but failed in 1816, and went to N Y. City. In 1827 he removed to Albany, where he became much excited by the preach ing of Messrs. Kirk and Finney. He became active in the temperance cause; claimed to have received a revelation, and began street-preach ing. Failing to convert Albany, he prophesied its destruction, and fled secretly to the city of N.Y., where he was tried and acquitted on a charge of poisoning a wealthy disciple, in whose family he lived ; and, his impositions having been exposed, he soon disappeared from public view. Matthias and his Impostures, by W. L. Stone, N.Y. 1835. Mattison, H. B., artist and playwright ; d. Bergen, N. J., 28 Feb. 1871. Mattison, HIRAM, D.D., Meth. clerg. and author, b. Norway, N. Y., Feb. 1 1, 1 81 1 ; d. Jersey City, Nov. 24, 1868. Many years a prof, of math, and physics in the Black-river Inst. N.Y. City, and a contrib. to the National May., in which* he zealously attacked Spiritualism. His strong antislavery sentiments led him to separate himself from the church in 1 860 ; and he had a large church holding his own views in Sixth Avenue, called the Trinity Meth. Ch. In 1865-7 he preached in Jersey City; in 1867 he became sec. of the Amer. and Foreign Christ. Union. While holding this position, he made a most forcible onslaught upon Roman Cathol icism, and pub. a small vol. upon the case of 609 Marianne Smith, a Methodist, whose father, a Roman Catholic, had caused her arrest and de tention in a Magdalen asylum in N.Y. Asso ciate editor of the Northern Independent, Au burn, N.Y. Author of " Essay on the Trini ty," &c. ; Modern Necromancy, or Pretended Intercourse with the Dead/ 12mo, 1855. Mattoon, EBENEZER, Revol. officer, b. Amherst, Ms., Aug. 19, 1755 ; d. there Sept. 11,1843. Dartm. Coll. 1776. The son of a farmer. He joined the army in Canada ; was a licut. in an art. comp. at the battle of Bemis Heights, Oct. 7, 1777 ; left the service with the rank of major. He was a delegate from Am herst to 2 conventions; was several times a member of the legisl. From 1797 to 1816, maj.-gen. 4th division; adj. -gen. of the State 1816; State senator 1795-6 ; 20 years sheriff of Hampshire; M.C. 1801-3 ; and in 1820, al though blind, was a member of the State Const. Conv. He commanded the A. and H. Art. Company in 1817. Gen. M. was a scientific and practical farmer. Maturin, EDWARD, novelist and poet, son of the celebrated Irish novelist and dramatist, Charles Robert Maturin ; has been some years a resident of New York. He has pub. " Mon- tczuma, the last of the Aztecs ; " " Benjamin, the Jew of Granada ; " " Eva, or the Isles of Life and Death," 1848; "Lyrics of Spain and Erin," 1850; " Bianca," a passionate story of Italian and Irish incidents, 1853; "Melmoth, the Wanderer ; " " Sejanus, and other Roman Talcs." Duyckinck. Maude, JOHN, of Moor House, Yorkshire. Author of " Visit to the Falls of Niagara in 1800, and Tour through Canada," 1826; also " Wensleydale," a descriptive poem with notes. Mauduit, ISRAEL, a political writer, b. Exeter, Eng., 1708; d. June 16, 1787. His father, a dissenting minister, educated him for the same career ; but he became a prosperous merchant, and partner of his bro. Jasper in Lond. In 1760 he pub. a pamphlet, entitled " Considerations on the Present German War." While his bro. Jasper was agent for the Prov. of Ms. Bay (1763-4), he managed the busi ness of the agency. In 1765 he was app. to the customs at Southampton. He pub. in 1769 his "Short View of the History of the N.E. Colonies," and " Short View of the Hist. of Ms. Bay," 8vo, 1774 (2d ed.); "The Case of the Dissenting Ministers," 1774; and subse quently wrote several able pamphlets in refer ence to the American war, in which he treated virh particular severity Viscount and Sir W. Mauduit Duplessis, THOMAS ANTOINE, Chev. de, a disting. French soldier, b. Henne- bon, France, Sept. 12, 1753; d. St. Domingo, Mar. 4, 1791. Descended from a family noble, and disting. in arms. At the age of 12 he ran away from college to visit the fields of Mara thon, Thermopylae, &c. On returning to his parents, he presented, in excuse for his conduct, the plans, drawn by his own hand, of the most famous places which he had visited. In 1 779 he was capt. in the art. regt. of Toul. He served in America, attaining, by his talents and courage, marks of particular consideration. As vol. aide to Gen. Knox, and as engineer and officer 39 of art., he was of great service both in construct ing and defending Fort Mercer at Red Bank. He displayed great bravery at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown ; made lieut.- col. Nov. 20, 1777; at Mpnmouth he served the art. of Greene s division with skill and success, and was disting. at Yorktown. After his return to France, he became, in 1787, col. of the regt. of Port-au-Prince, which was sta tioned at St. Domingo ; where the brave Mau duit, inflexible in his opposition to the rcvol. spirit which began to manifest itself in their midst, finally fell a sacrifice to their fury. Maurepas(mor -pa ), JEAN FRED. PHELY- PEAUX, Count de, French statesman, b. Ver sailles, 1701 ; d.Nov. 21, 1781. Grandson of the Chancellor Pontchartrain. He became minis ter of marine in 1725; app. minister of state in 1738; and removed in 1749 for ^ an epigram on Mme. Pompadour. Recalled in 1774, and made pres. of the council, he restored the ex iled parliaments; called Turgot and Necker * successively into the ministry ; and was instru mental in bringing about the treaty of alliance with the U.S. in 1778. Maury, ANN, dau. of James (U.S. consul at Liverpool 1789-1837), b. Liverpool, Eng., 1803. A descendant of Rev. James Fontaine, whose Autobiography, with an account of his descendants, under the title of " Memoirs of a Huguenot Family," she pub. N.Y. 1854, 12mo. Maury, DABNEY II., gen. Confed. service, b. Va. ab. 1824. West Point, 1846. Enter ing the Mounted Rifles, he was brcv. for Cerro Gordo, where he was severely wounded 18 Apr. 1847; assist, prof, geog., hist., and ethics, at West Point, 1847-50, and of inf. tactics 1850-2; assist, adj.-gen. (brev. capt.) 17 Apr. 1 860 ; dism. the army 25 June, -1861. Joining the confeds., he attained the rank of maj.-gen., and com. the defences of Mobile, which place was captured by Gen. Canby 10 Apr. 1865. Author of "Skirmish Drill for Mounted Troops," 1859. Maury, MATTHEW FONTAINE, LL.D., naval officer and hydrographer, b. Spottsylvania Co., Va., Jan. 14," 1806. While he was young, his parents removed to Tenn. Midshipm. Feb. 1, 1825 ; and, while circumnavigating the globe in " The Vincennes," began his treatise on "Navigation." Lieut. June 10, 1836. Inl839 he met with an accident, which resulted in per manent lameness, and unfitted him for active service afloat. While confined from this cause, he amused himself by writing a series of ar ticles on various abuses in the navy, pub. in the South. Lit. Messenger, entitled " Scraps from the Lucky Bag, by Harry Bluff." He was then placed in charge of the hydrographical office ; and, on its union with the naval observatory in 1844, he became superintendent. He inves tigated the physical geog. of the sea, and gath ered many observations of the ocean winds and currents from the records of naval and merchant vessels. In 1844 Lieut. Maury s paper respect ing the Gulf Stream, ocean-currents, and great circle sailing, was read before the National In stitute, and printed in the South. Lit. Messenger. The principal results of his researches are em bodied in the wind and current charts and the sailing-directions pub. by the observatory for 610 general distribution among mariners, and in " Physical Geography of the Sea " (N.Y. 1855). In 1855 he was made commander, and in 1861 threw up his appointments, and joined in the Rebellion. Res. the pres. of the U. of Ala. in 1871. Member of the principal scientific as sociations of America and Europe ; from whom, as well as from foreign govts., he has received disting. honors. lie lias, beside the above, pub. " Letters on the Amazon, and the Atlantic Slopes of S. America ; " " Relation between Navigation and the Circulation of the Atmos phere ; " " Astronomical Observations/ 1853 ; and also several addresses before lit. andscicn- ;iHc bodies; d. Lexington, Va., Feb. 1, 1873. Maury, SARAH MYTTON, dau. of James, b. Liverpool ; d. Va. 1848. She possessed rare tulonts and remarkable conversational powers. Author of "Statesmen of America in 1846," Lond. 8vo, 1847; "Progress of the Catholic Church in America," 1847; "An Englishwo man in America," 8vo, 1848. Attibone. Maverick, SAMUEL, an early settler of Ms., b. Eng. ab. 1602; d. N.Y. after 1667. Son of Rev. John of Dorchester. He settled as early as 1629 at Noddle s Island (now East Boston), of which he received a grant from the Gen. Court, Apr. 1, 1633. He was a zealous Episcopalian, and, having suffered much per secution on this account, went to Eng. to com plain to the king; and Apr. 23, 1664, was app. by Charles I. one of the four commissioners tor the settlement of difficulties with the N.E. Colonies, and also to " reduce the Dutch at the Manhadoes." The commissioners were un successful in Ms. ; and Maverick, ab. 1665, took up his abode in N.Y. Stunner s East Boston. Maxcy, JONATHAN, D/D. (H. U. 1801), an eloquent clergyman, b. Attleborough, Ms., Sept. 2, 1768; d. Columbia, S.C., June 4, 1820. B.U. 1787. Tutor there 1787-91. Ord. pastor of the First Baptist Church in Providence, Sept. 8, 1791 ; and in the same jear he was elected prof, of divinity in B.U., and in Sept. 1792 he was app. pres. Under him the college acquired a high reputation for belles-lettres and eloquence. In 1802 he accepted the pre- idency of Un. Coll., Schenectady ; in 1804 he accepted the presidency of Col. Coll., S.C., where he continued until his death. He m. a dan. of Com. Hopkins of Providence. Dr. Maxcy was well versed in philology, criticism, metaphysics, logic, politics, morals, and philos ophy. He pub. 15 sermons, 5 baccalaureate addresses, 3 orations, and an introductory lec ture to a course on the philos. principles of rhetoric and criticism. The most celebrated of his pubs, was his sermons on the Existence of God, which passed through many editions. His writings were collected and pub. with a Memoir by Rev. Romeo Elton, D.D., 8vo, 1844. Maxcy, VIRGIL, lawyer and politician, bro. of the preceding, b. Attleborough, Ms. ; killed, Feb. 28, 1844, on board the U.S. steamer " Princeton," by the explosion of one of her puns. He studied law with R. G. Harper of Md., and settled in that State, where he soon became eminent in the profession. He disting. himself in both houses of the State legisl., as eolicitor of the U. S. treasury, and as chary d affaires to Belgium. He pub. " Compilation of the Laws of Md. from 1692 to 1809,* 4 vo/s. 8vo, 1809; "Oration before the Phi Beta Kappa Society," 1833. Maximilian, FERDINAND JOSEPH, arch duke of Austria, and emperor of Mexico, b, Schonbrun, July 6, 1832; shot at Queretaro 19 June, 1867. He was educated at Vienna; served in the Austrian navy ; was viceroy of Lombardy and Venice in 1857-9 ; and in Aug. 1863 was offered the crown of Mexico by Napoleon III., which he accepted Apr. lu. 1864, and landed at Vera Cruz 28 May. After 3 years of war, and the withdrawal of the French forces, which had assisted to place him in power, he was defeated, and captured at Queretaro, May 15, 1867. He was shot in re taliation for his order, declaring the republican pres. Juarez, and his supporters, bandits and outlaws. July 27, 1859, he m. Maria Carlotta, dau. of Leopold I., king of the Belgians. Maxwell, COL. HUGH, Revol. officer, b. Ireland, Apr. 27, 1733 ; d. on the return voyage from the W. Indies, Oct. 14, 1799. His father, also named Hugh, emigrated to N. Eng. in 1 733. Col. M. served 5 campaigns in the old French wars ; was taken at Fort Edward, and barely escaped with his life. In 1773 he removed to Charlemont, now Heath, Ms. A lieut. at Bunker s Hill, and wounded there ; maj. in Bailey s regt. July, 77, and at the battle of Sar atoga ; and was a licut.-col. at the close of the war. His brother, THOMPSON MAXWELL, b. Bedford, Ms., 1 742, d. 1835. He was a Ranger in the French war, 1758-63; assisted in de stroying the tea in Boston harbor in 1773; fought at Bunker s Hill and Three Rivers; was a member of the State Const. Conv. ; re moved to Miami Co., 0., in 1800 ; served under Col. Miller in 1812 ; was a prisoner during the war of 1812-15, and in 1814 deputy barrack- master. Maxwell, WILLIAM, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. N.Jersey; d. Nov. 12, 1798. App. col. of the 2d N. J. batt. Nov. 7, 1775, with which he served in the disastrous campaign of 1776 in Canada; and he was one of the re monstrants against the decision of the council of officers, held July 7 in that year, to abandon Crown Point. It appears by his memorial to Congress, Aug. 28, 1776, he had been in "con stant service in the army fifteen years, since the spring of 1758; had served his country to the utmost of his power, and hopes with some good effect, which he can make appear if re quisite ; notwithstanding he finds himself much aggrieved by having a younger officer, St. Clair, promoted over him." Congress app. him brig.-gen. Oct. 23, 1776. He com. the N. J. brigade at Brandywine and Germantown ; harassed the enemy on their retreat through N.J. after the evacuation of Phila. ; sustained an important part in the battle of Monmonth ; and in Aug. 1779 was in Sullivan s exped. against the Indians. Soon after the action at Springfield, June 22, 1780, he resigned. Maxwell, WILLIAM, LL.D., pros. Ilamp. Sid. Coll. 1838-44, b. Norfolk, Va., Feb. 27 1784; d. Richmond, Va., Jan. 9, 1857. Y.C, 1802. He studied law; practised in Norfolk, Va., and attained great eminence; acted as literary editor of the N. Y. Journal of Commerce in 1827 . 611 resumed practice in 1 828 ; was a member of the Va. h. of delegates in 1830, and of the State senate 1831-7 ; sec. of the Hist. Society of Va. ; and edited the Va. Historical Register in that State in 1848-53, 6 vols. in 3, 12mo. Author of Memoir of Rev. John H. Rice, D.D., 12mo, Phila. 1835. May, FREDERICK, M.D. (H.U. 1811), physician, b. Boston, Ms., Nov. 16, 1773; d. Washington, Jan. 23, 1847. H.U. 1792. Eld est son of Col. John, a disting. merchant of Boston, and one of the "Indians" who threw the tea into the harbor. He stud ied medicine under Dr. John Warren; re moved to Washington, D.C., in 1795 ; and was the physician and surgeon of Washington, as well as of the other disting. men of the vicinity. Prof, of obstetrics in Col. Coll. from 1823 to 1839 ; and was at the time of his death pres. of the D.C. Med. Society, as well as of theMed. As sociation of Washington. Father of HENRY, M.C. of Baltimore 1853-5, and Col. CHARLES A., a disting. cavalry-officer in the Mexican war (b. 1818, d. N.Y. City 24 Dec. 1864). May, REV. SAMUEL JOSEPH, philanthro pist, b. Boston, Sept. 15, 1797; d. Syracuse, N.Y., July 1,1871. H.U. 1817. After preaching some years as a Unitarian minister at Brook lyn, Ct., he became gen. agent of the Ms. Anti- slavery Society ; was afterward pastor in So. Scituate, Ms. ; was principal of the Lexington Normal School in 1842-5; and settled in the Unit, ministry at Syracuse in 1845, remaining until 1 868. He devoted his energies especially to the antislavery cause for many years ; having been one of the first members of the N.E. Soc. in 1832, and a member of the Phila. conv. of 1833, which formed the Amer. Antislavery Soc. Author of " Recollections of our Anti- slavery Conflict," 1869. Mayer, BRANTZ, lawyer and author, b. Baltimore, Sept. 27, 1809." Educated at St. Mary s Coll., Baltimore. He visited Java, Sumatra, and China, returning in 1828 ; and practised law from 1832 to 1841, when he was app. sec. of legation to Mexico, remaining one year. He has since edited the Baltimore Amer ican; in 1844 pub. "Mexico as it Was and as it Is ; " " Mexico, Aztec, Spanish, and Republi can," 2 vols. 8vo, 1851 ; " Captain Canot, or 20 Years of an African Slaver," 1854; "Ob servations on Mexican History and Archeolo gy," pub. in the Smithsonian " Contributions to Knowledge," 1856; and "Mexican Anti quities," Phila. 1858. His occasional addresses are numerous ; and he has contrib. to the Md. Hist. Society, of which he was corresp. sec. and a liberal benefactor, " The Journal of Charles Carroll during his Mission to Canada," and " Tah-gah-jute, or Logan and Captain Michael Cresap," 8vo, 1 851 . Paym. U.S.A. since 1 863. Mayhew, EXPERIENCE, minister of Mar tha s Vineyard, b. Jan. 27, 1673; d. Nov. 29, 1758. Eldest son of Rev. John, and grandson of Rev. Thomas, he succeeded them as an In- dwn preacher in March, 1694. Familiar with the Ind. language, he was employed by the Society for propagating the Gospel in NJE. to make a new version of the Psalms, and of John, which he did in 1709. He pub. in 8vo, 1727, " Indian Converts," being lives of 30 In dian ministers and 80 other pious Indians also "Grace Defended," 8vo, 1744. His son ZACHARIAH was Indian missionary at M.V. from Dec. 10, 1767, to his d. March 6, 1806. He received literary honors from H.U. 1720. Mayhew, IRA, educator, b. Ellisburg, N.Y., 1814. Prominent in the cause of educa tion in the West, and repeatedly superint. of public instruction in Michigan. Author of " Treatise on Popular Education," N.Y. 1850 ; " Practical System of Book-Keeping " Phila. 1851. Mayhew, JONATHAN, D.D. (Aberd. 1749), minister of the West Church, Boston, from June 17, 1747, to his d. July 9, 1766 ; b. Mar tha s Vineyard, Oct. 8, 1720. H.U. 1744. Son of Experience M. He possessed great abilities and learning ; was a writer of superior power, and corresp. with Lardner, Benson, Kippis, Blackburne, and Hollis. In 1763 he had a warm controversy with Mr. Apthorpe, the Episcopal missionary in Boston. He was a man of independent views, inclined in his theological opinions to Unitarianism ; a sin cere friend of civil and religious liberty ; the associate of Otis and other patriots of the day ; and largely influenced the Revol. tendencies of the people. He pub. many occasional sermons, " Thanksgiving Sermon for the Repeal of the Stamp Act," 1766 ; "Discourses on the Earth quakes " in Nov. 1755, Boston, 8vo, 1760; and in 1749, in 8vo, "Seven Sermons." His writings, with a Memoir, were pub. by Alden Bradford, 8vo, Boston, 1838. Mayhew, THOMAS, gov. of Martha s Vineyard and the adjacent islands, b. Eng. 1592 ; d. Mar. 1682, a. 90, wanting 6 days. He had been a merchant in Southampton, Eng.; came to N.E. in 1631; resided in Wa- tertown, Ms., in 1636; obtained of the agent of Lord Stirling in Oct. 1641 a grant of lands, and in 1647 began a settlement at Edgartown. He aided his son in converting the Indians. Having proved himself their father and friend, they were exceedingly attached to him. At the age of 70, after the death of his son, he preached to the natives as well as to the Eng lish. During Philip s war in 1675-6, these Indians kept aloof from the conflict, and guarded their friend. Mayhew, THOMAS, son of the preceding, first minister of Martha s Vineyard ; d. Nov. 1657, a. 36. In 1642 he accomp. his father to that island, and preached to the whites ; and in 1646 began to preach to the Indians, whose language he acquired. So earnest were his la bors, that in 1650 he had 100 converts. He sailed for Eng. in Nov. 1657 to obtain aid from the Society for propagating the Gospel ; but the vessel was lost at sea. lie was liber ally educated. Four of his letters respecting the progress of the gospel were pub. in Lon don. MATTHEW his son succeeded to the govt. of the island in 1681; also preached to the Indians, and d. 1710. His grandson Dr. MATTHEW, a man of wit and of uncommon powers of mind, d. before 1815, a. 85. Maylera, JOHN, poet of Boston, b. 1691 , d. Newport, R.I. H. U. 1715. In 1758 was pub. two poems, "The Conquest of Louis- burg," and "Gallic Perfidy." He affixes tn 612 his name on the titlepages "Philo-Bcllum." He was for a while a resident of Halifax, N.S. ; the date of his d. usually given (1742) is too early, as the capture of Louisburg occurred in 1745. Mayo, AMORY DWIGHT, clergyman and author, b. Warwick, Ms., Jan. 3 1 , 1 823. While young he kept in his father s store, teaching school in the winter ; at 20 he entered Amh. Coll., and, after studying theology under Dr. Hosea Ballon, was ord. in July, 1846, and settled at Gloucester, Ms., over the Independent Christian Church ; after a ministry of 8 years, he removed to Cleveland, O., and preached one vear to the Cong. Society of Liberal Christians ; in 1855 he took charge of the First Cong. Unit. Society of Albany, and subseq. of a cong. in Cincin. ; now (1875) pastor in Springfield, Ms. He has pub. "The Balance," Boston, 1847; " Graces and Powers of the Christian Life," 1852; " Symbols of the Capital," N.Y., 1859; and a selection from the writings of his wife, Mrs. S. C. Mayo, with a Memoir, Boston, 1849 ; "Religion in Common Schools," Cincin., 1869. Some of his later works have appeared in the Albany serial " Tracts for the Times." Mayo, MRS. SARAH C. EDGARTON, b. Shir ley, Ms., 1819 ; d. July 9, 1848 ; m. Eev. A. D. Mayo, 1846. She edited for 9 years the Rose of Sharon, an annual ; also edited the Ladies Repository ; contrib. prose and verse to it and to the Knickerbocker Mag. and other periodicals. Author of " The Palfreys/ " Ellen Clifford, " "Memoirs and Poems of Mrs. J. H. Scott," " The Poetry of Women," " Flower Vase," "Spring Flowers," "Fables of Flora," "Floral Fortune-Teller." See Selections from her Writings, with a Memoir by her Husband, 12mo, 1849; Allibone. Mayo,WiLLiAM STARBUCK, M.D., author, b. Ogdensburg, N.Y., Apr. 20, 1812. His ances tor, Rev. JOHN, was of an Eng. family ; came to N. E. in 1630, and was the first pastor of the North Church, Boston ; ord. Nov. 9, 1655 ; dism. Apr. 15, 1662. Wm. S. received a good classical education at the acad. of Potsdam, and at 1 7 began to study medicine at the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y. City ; he received his diploma in 1833 ; practised his profession several years ; and travelled through the Barbary States and Spain. In 1849 he pub. " Kaloolah," the most popular of his productions, narrating imaginary adventures in Africa ; in 1850 " The Berber, or the Moun taineer of the Atlas ; " and " Romance Dust from the Historic Placer." He resides in New York. Duyckinck. Mazzei, PHILIP, author, b. Tuscany, 1 730; d. Pisa, March 19, 1816. He studied physic; practised a while at Smyrna; and from 1755 to 1783 was in London, engaged in commercial business; he came to America in Dec. 1773, ^,nth a few of his countrymen, for the purpose of introducing into Va. the culture of the grape, the olive, and other fruits of Italy ; he took an active part in support of our independ ence, and was the friend and corresp. of Jeffer son ; in 1779-83 was agent of ,Va. in Italy to obtain army stores for that State ; revisited the U.S. in 1785 ; and in 1788 wrote in Paris his " Recherches Historiques et Politiques sur les Etats-Unis de I Amerique Septentrionale," in 4 vols., which has never been translated. He was subsequently privy councillor of the King of Poland until 1792 ; and in 1802 received a pen sion from the Emperor Alexander of Russia ; he was a zealous republican, and an enemy to intolerance in Church and State. See Memorie della Vita di, 2 vols. 1845. Meacham, JAMES, clergyman and scholar, b. Rutland, Vt., 1810; d. Middlcbury, Vt., Aug. 22, 1856. Midd. Coll. 1832. He was tu tor there ; studied theol. ; was settled minister of New Haven, Vt. : was called to the professor ship of elocution and Eng. lit. in Midd. Coll. ; and M.C. 1849-55 ; at the time of his death he was a regent of the Smithsonian Institute. Meade, GEN. GEORGE GORDON, LL.D. (H.U. 1865), b. Cadiz, Spain, Dec. 31, 1815. West Point, 1835. Son of U.S. consul Rich ard W., and bro. of Com. R. W. Meade, U.S.N. Entering the 3d Art., he served against the Seminoles in Fla., but resigned 26 Oct. 1836, and was employed in the Texas and North-east, boundary surveys 1838-42; app. 2d lieut. topog. engrs. 19 May, 1842 ; 1st lieut. 4 Aug. 1851 ; capt. 19 May, 1856 ; maj. 18 June, 1862 ; brig.-gen. vols. 31 Aug. 1861 ; maj.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862 ; brig.-gen. U.S.A. 3 July, 1863 ; maj.-gen. 18 Aug. 1864. During the Mexican war he was engaged at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and the siege of Vera Cruz, and brev. 1st lieut. 23 Sept. 1846 for Monterey; engaged in geodetic survey of northern lakes 1856-61 ; com. brigade at Dranesville, Va., 20 Dec. 1861; and in Peninsular campaign ; and severely wounded at Glendale 30 June, 1862; in the battle of Manassas 29-30 Aug. 1862 ; com. div. 1st corps at South Mountain and Antietam ; com. 5th corps at Fredericks- burg and Chance] lorsville ; com. Army of the Potomac 28 June, 1863, to 1 July, 1865 ; and engaged at Gettysburg, and in all the battles and operations in Va. to the surrender of Lee, 9 Apr. 1865 ; afterward com. Milit. Div. of the Atlantic; d. Phil., Nov. 6, 1872. Meade, LARKIN G., sculptor, b. Chester field, N.H., Jan. 3, 1835. From the army he sent numerous spirited camp and battle scenes to a N.Y. illustrated paper. His statue of Ethan Allen is in the State House, Montpelier. His other works are " The Returned Soldier," "La Contadinella," "The Thought of Free dom," and "Echo." Tuckerman. Meade, WILLIAM, M.D., mineralogist of distins:. literary and scientific attainments ; d. Newburg, N.Y., Aug. 29, 1833. Meade, WILLIAM, D.D., Prot,-Ep. bishop of Va., b. Frederick, now Clarke Co., Va., Nov. 11, 1789; d. Richmond, Va., March 14, 1862. N. J. Coll. 1808. Son of Col. Richard Kidder, aide to Washington 12 Mar. 1777-83 (b. 1750, d. Feb. 1805). Ord. 1811. The scene of his labors was the parish near his patrimonial estate ; and for many years his independent pecuniary circumstances enabled him to officiate gratuitously. He contrib. materially to the establishment of a diocesan theol. sem., and other educational and missionary societies in Va. Unanimously chosen assist, bishop in 1829, and consec. in Phila. Aug. 19; assumed the chief care of the diocese; and in 1841 took 613 the sole charge of it. Bishop Meacle wielded a remarkable influence in Va., and made fervent though futile efforts to prevent the secession of Va. and the appeal to the sword. He delivered annually a course of lectures at the Epis. Sem., and published occasional tracts and treatises on doctrinal questions, local church-history, &c. He was the recognized head of the evangelical branch of the Prot.-Epis. Church in the U.S. He pub. "Family Prayer/ 1834; "Lectures on the Pastoral Office;" "Lectures to Stu dents," N.Y. 1849; and "Old Churches, Min isters, and Families in Va.," 2 vols. 8vo, Phila. 18&6. See Life by Bishop Johns, (Bait. 1868). Meagher, GEN. THOMAS FRANCIS, b. Waterfbrd, Ireland, Aug. 3, 1823; drowned at Ft.Benton, Montana, July 1, 1867. He studied at the Jesuit Coll. of Cldngowes, Co. Kildare, and at Stonyhurst Coll., near Preston, Eng. Lea* ing the latter in 1843, he became in 1846 one of the leaders of the " Young Ireland " party, with which he was a favorite orator; and in 1848 was sent a delegate to congratulate the French republic. On his return he was ar rested for sedition, and held to bail. Charged with treason, a reward of 300 was offered ; and, after many adventures, he was finally cap tured near Rathgannon, in Aug. ; was tried in Clonmel in Oct. ; found guilty, and sentenced to death ; afterward commuted to banishment for life to Van Dieman s Land, from which he escaped, and landed in N.Y. in May, 1852. He lectured with great success throughout the country; and in 1854 visited Cal. On his re turn he studied law, and entered on its practice. In 1856 he edited the Irish News. He raised a company in the 69th N.Y. Vols., and served with distinction at Bull Run as major ; after ward raised an Irish brigade, and was made brig.-gen. of vols. Feb. 3, 1862; attached to Sumner s corps during the battles before Rich mond ; at Antietam fought in Richardson s division; attached to Couch s corps (2d), and wounded at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862; at Chancellorsville, May 2-4, 1863, he led his bri gade for the last time; and resigned May 8, 1863. Early in 1864 he was recommissioned brig.-gen. of vols., and assigned to the com. of the district of Etowah. App. sec. of Montana in 1865; and for some time previous to his death, which was occasioned by a fall from the deck of a steamer, had been acting governor. Author of " Speeches on the Legislative Indep. of Ireland," 12mo, 1852. Means, ALEXANDER, M.D., D.D. (1854), LL.D. (Em. Coll. 1858), clergyman, b. N.C. Feb. 6, 1801. After teaching school in Mocks- ville, N.C., he removed to Ga. ; studied medi cine, and in 1840-1 received his degree from ^he Augusta Med. Coll. In 1828 he became a minister in the M.E. Church ; in 1834 supt. of the Manual Labor School near Covington, Ga. ; from 1836 to 1856 occupied the chair of natu ral science in Emory Coll., lecturing also on chemistry during part of the year at the Augusta Med. Coll. from 1841 to 1858; pres. of the Masonic Female Coll. in Covington in 1853; and in 1 854-5 was pres. of Emory Coll. He has since occupied the chair of chemistry at the Atlanta Med. Coll. Means, JOHN H., gov. S C. 1 850-2; col. in the Confed. service ; killed at the battle of Manassas, Va., 28 Aug. 1862. Mease, JAMES, M.D., an eminent physician of Phila. Author of " Geolog. Account" of the U.S.," 1807; "Picture of Phila.," 1811; "On Wm. Penn s Treaty with the Indians," 8vo, 1836; " Utility of Public Loan Offices," &c., 8vo, 1836 ; " Description of some of the Medals struck in N.A.," 8vo, Phila. 1821 ; "Letter on the Rearing of Silk- Worms," 8vo, 1828 ; " Ob servations on the Bite of a Mad Do^," &c. 1792; d. Phila., May 15, 1846, a. 75. Medary, SAMUEL, editor and Democ. pol itician, b. Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 25, 1801 ; d. Columbus, Nov. 7, 1864. He had a limited education ; became a printer; was an adherent of Gen. Jackson ; was many years editor of the Ohio Statesman ; and established and carried on until his death the Columbus Crisis. A leading man of his party ; gov. of the Terr, of Minne sota in 1857-8, of Kansas in 1859-60 ; and was during the Rebellion, a " peace Democrat." In 1 869 his personal and polit. friends erected a costly monument to his memory. Medill, WILLIAM, gov. of O. in 1853-6, b. New Castle Co., Del., 1805; d. Lancaster, O., Sept. 2, 1865. He received an academical edu cation ; studied law ; and, having removed to Ohio, was adm. to the bar in 1832 ; was soon after elected to the State legisl., serving a num ber of years, and was twice elected speaker ; was M.C. in 1839-43 ; was first assist, postm.- gen. in 1845-9, and subsequently held the office of commiss. of Indian affairs; member of the State Const. Conv. of 1850, and chosen chair man ; in 1851 and 52 was lieut.-gov. of Ohio. ; and by Pres. Buchanan was app. first compt. of the U.S. treasury. A Democ. in politics. Medley, JOHN, D.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of Frederickton, N.B., b. 1804; educated at Wad- ham Coll., Oxf. (B.A. 1826; M.A. 1830). Sev eral years vicar of St. Thomas s, Exeter, and prebend of that cathedral; and was in 1845 consec. first bishop of F., which includes the entire province of New Brunswick. Men of the Time. Medows, SIR WILLIAM, a British gen., b. Dec. 31, 1739 ; d. Bath, 14 Nov. 1813. Enter ing the army in 1756, he served in Germany; came with his regt. (55th) to Amer. Sept. 177*5, and com. the 1st brig, of grenadiers; distinij. himself on many occasions, notably at Bran- dywine, where he was wounded ; disting. and wounded at the taking of St. Lucie, and made col. 89th Regt. ; major-gen, and com. of the forces at Madras in 1791 ; and led the right wing of Cornwallis s army at Seringapatam in 1792; afterward made full gen.; gov. of the Isle of Wight ; Kt. of the Bath ; and was com. of the forces in Ireland in 1801-3. Meek, ALEXANDER BEAUFORT, author and lawyer, b. Columbia, S.C., July 17, 1814 ; d. Columbus, Mpi., Nov. 30, 1865. U. of Ala. His father settled at Tuscaloosa in 1819. Adm. to the bar in 1835, and edited the Flag of the Union, a Democratic paper. In 1836 he served as a lieut. of vols. against the Seminoles, and was a short time atty.-gen. of the State; in 1839 he edited the Southron, a literary monthly at Tuscaloosa; in 1842-4 he was county judge, and pub. a suppt. to the " Digest IttEGr 614 IN1EL (jf Alabama." He was law clerk in the office of the solicitor of the treasury at Washington in 1845 ; U.S. dist. atty. for the southern dist. of Ala. 1 846-50 ; assoc. editor of the Mobile Daily Register 1848-53; member of the legisl. in 1853 ; he disting. himself by originating and securing a free-school system in Ala. ; judge of probate in Mobile Co. in 1854; speaker of the legisl. in 1859. In 1855 h3 pub. " The Red Eagle, a Poem of the South; " and in 1857 a vol. of orations, sketches, and essays, entitled " Romantic Passages in South-western His tory," and " Songs and Poems of the South." He also delivered many orations, essays, and criticisms, in prose and verse, and had written a History of Alabama. He excelled as a chess player. Appleton. Megapolensis, JOHN, Jun., a Dutch min ister, settled at Albany in 1642-9, afterwards in New York, where he d. ab. 1669. Came to N.Y. at the age of 39. His account of the Mohawk Indians in 1644 is in Hazard, i. 517-26. MeigS, CHARLES DELUCENA, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1814; N.J. Coll. 1818), medical writer, b. Ga. 17 Feb. 1792; d. Del. Co., Pa., 25 June, 1869. Settled in Phila. in 1820; had a lucrative practice in his specialty, obstetrics, and diseases of women and children, and was a prof, in Jeff. Med. Coll. in 1840-62. Author of "Midwifery," 1838; "Lectures on the Female," 1847; "Remarks on Spasmodic Cholera," 1848; "Obstetrics," 1849; "Dis eases of Children," 1850 ; " Childbed Fevers ; " " Diseases of the Neck of the Uterus," 1854 ; and "Lives of S. G. Morton (1851) and Daniel Drake, M.D." Ed. the N. A. Med. and Surg. Jour., and trans. " Typhaines Abbey," a French novel, 1868. MeigS, MONTGOMERY CUNNINGHAM, qm.- gen. U.S.A., b. Ga. ab. 1816. West Point, 1836. Entering the 1st Art., he was transf. to the engrs. ; became 1st lieut. 1 July, 1838 ; capt. 3 Mar. 1853; col. llth Inf. 14 May, 1861 ; qm.-gen. (rank of brig.-gen.) 15 May, 1861 ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 5 July, 1864, for dis ting. services during the Rebellion. He was employed at Fort Delaware 1834-41 ; Fort Wayne, Detroit, 1841-9; on the Potomac Aqueductand U.S v Capitol Extension 1852-61; directing the equipping and supplying the ar mies in the field during the Rebellion ; particu larly employed in providing transportation and supplies for the forces at Chattanooga ; and en gaged in the battle of 23-25 Nov. 1863; also in supplying and refitting Sherman s army at Savannah and Goldsborough, N.C. MeigS, RETURN JONATHAN, col. Revol. army, b. Middletown, Ct., Dec. 1740; d. Chero kee Agency, Jan. 28, 1823. Immediately after the battle of Lexington, he marched a company of light inf. to Cambridge ; with the rank of major accomp. Arnold to Quebec, and upon its attack by Montgomery, Dec. 31, 1775, was made a prisoner; exchanged in 1776 ; and in 1777, having raised a regt., was promoted to col. ; May 23, 1777, he performed a brilliant t-xploit at Sag Harbor, for which Congress (Aug. 3) voted him thanks and a sword ; he com. a regt. at the storming of Stony Point, July 1 6, 1 779 ; and served to the end of the war. In 1 788 he was one of the first settlers of Mari etta, O. He was app. commiss. of clothing under Gen. Wayne in 1795 ; and in 1801 was app. by Jefferson agent for Indian affairs ; from the Indians he received the sobriquet of " The White Path." His Journal of the Exped. to Quebec (Sept. 9, 1775-Jan. 1, 1776) is in the Amer. Remembrancer for 1776, and was print ed, with an Introd. and Notes by C. I, Bush- nell, N.Y. 1864. MeigS, RETURN JONATHAN, jurist and statesman, son of the preceding, b. Middle- town, Ct., Nov. 1765; d. Marietta, O., Mar. 29, 1825. Y. C.1785. He studied law ; emig. to Marietta in 1788 ; was sent on a mission ro the British com. at Detroit by Gov. St. Clair in 1 790 ; and was subsequently often engaged in the Indian fights of the day ; chief justice of the Ohio Sup. Court from 1803 to Oct. 1 804 ; brev. col. U.S.A., and com. of the St. Charles dist., La., from Oct. 1804 to A.pr. 21, 1806 ; judge of the Sup. Court of that dist. in 1 805-6 ; judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of Mich, from Apr. 2, 1807, to 1808; U.S. senator 1808-10; gov. of O. 1810-14; and U.S. postmaster- gen, from 1814 to June, 1823. During the war of 1812, Meigs did more than any other gov. to aid the country during that conflict by the prompt organization of the militia, by garri soning the forts and securing safety to the ex posed settlements, and the aid he rendered Har rison s army. He pub. " Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Tenn.," 8vo, 1839. Melish, JOHN, geographer and polit. econo mist, b. Perthshire, Scotland, 1771 ; d. Phila. Dec. 30, 1822. He came to the U.S. in 1809. Author of " Travels in the U.S. and in Great Britain and Canada in 1806-11," 2 vols. 8vo, 1812; "A Description of the Roads," c., 1814; " Traveller s Directory," 1815; " Descrip tion of the U.S.," 1816; ""Universal School Geography and Atlas ; " " Necessity of protect ing Manufactures," 1818 ; " Maps of Penn. and of the U.S. ;" "Information to Emigrants," 1819 ; " Statistical View of the U S.," 1822. Mellen, GRENVILLE, poet, son of Chief Justice Prentiss, b. Biddeford, Me., June 19, 1799; d. New York, Sept. 5, 1841. H. U. 1818. He studied law, but after a few years practice in Portland, Me., devoted himself wholly to literature, and wrote for magazines, annuals, and periodicals, among others for the U. S. Lit. Gazette. He was a resident of N. Yarmouth, Me., in 1823-8; then resided in Boston ab. 5 years, and removed thence to N.Y., where, in 1839, he began the Monthly Miscellany, soon discontinued. In 1826 he re cited a poem before the Peace Society in Me., called " The Rest of Empires ; " and in 1828, before the Athenaaum Society ot Bowd. Coll., he read an anniv. poem on " The Light of Letters." He also pub. " Our Chronicle of Twenty-six," 1827; "Glad Tales and Sad Tales," 1829 ; " The Martyr s Triumph, Buried Valley, and other Poems," in 1833. He edited " A Book of the U.S.," 8vo, Hartford, 1837. Mellen, HENRY, poet, b. Sterling, Ms., Oct. 24, 1757 ; d. Dover, N.H., July 31, 1809. H.U. 1784. Son of Rev. John, minister of S. (1744-84). He studied law, and settled at Dover. A collection of his poems was pub lished. 615 Mellen, PRENTISS, LL.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1828), jurist, b. Sterling, Ms., Oct. 11, 1764; (1. Portland, Me., Dec. 31, 1840. H.U. 1784. Bro. of Henry. He practised law in various places, and finally removed to Portland in 1806, rising to the head of the bar of Me. Member of the exec, council 1 808-9 and 1 8 1 7. In 1 81 7- 20 he was U.S. senator of Ms. ; and was the lirst chief justice of the Supreme Court of Me. in 182034. His decisions are found in the first 1 1 vols. of the Me. Reports. Melmoth, MRS., a celeb, actress ; d. New York, Sept. 1823, a. 74. Melville, HERMAN, author, b. New York, Aug. 1, 1819. Grandson of Major Thos. At the age of 18 he shipped before the mast. lu 1842 he deserted from a whaling-ship at Nuka- heva, one of the Marquesas Islands, and, wan dering into the Typee Valley, remained four mouths a prisoner in the hands of its warlike inhabitants. Recovering his liberty, he arrived in Boston in Oct. 1844. "Typee," a narrative of his adventures, pub. in N.Y. in 1 846, met with great success. "Omoo" (N.Y. 1847) relates his escape from Typee, and subsequent voyage. " Mardi, and a Voyage thither," and " Red- burn," appeared in the same year. After a residence in N.Y., he removed in 1850 to Pitts- field, Ms., producing " White Jacket, or the World in a Man-of-War," 1850; " Moby Dick, or the White Whale," 1851 ; "Pierre, or the Ambiguities," 1852; "The Piazza Tales," 1856 ; and " The Confidence Man," 1857. In 1847 he m. the dau. of Chief Justice Shaw. In 1860 he again sailed on a whaling-voyage round the world. Melville, MAJ. THOMAS, a patriotic mer chant of Boston, b. Jan. 27, 1751 ; d. there Sept. 16, 1832. N. J. Coll. 1769. Grandson of Thomas, minister of Scoonie Parish, Fife- shire ; and son of Allan, a merchant of Boston, who came to America in 1748. He became a merchant ; and in Dec. 1773 was one of the fa mous Tea Party of Boston. He took an active part in the Revol. war; and, as maj. in Crafts s regt. of Ms. art., was in the actions in R.I. in 1778. From 1789 to 1829 he was naval officer and surveyor of the port of Boston. Member of the State legisl. in 1832. Duyckinck. Memminger, CHARLES GUSTAVUS, law yer and politician, b. Wurtemberg, Germany, Jan. 7, 1803. S.C. Coll. 1820. Brought by his mother in infancy to Charleston, S.C., he soon afterwards became an orphan, but by the patronage of Gov. Bennett was helped to an education. He began to practise law in Charles ton in 1825 ; became a leader of the Union par- tv in the nullification contest ; and wrote " The Book of Nullification," 1832-3, satirizing its advocates in biblical style. For nearly 20 years he was at the head of the finance com. in the lower house of the legisl., from which he re tired in 1852. He was again in the legisl. in 1 854, and was active in school reforms ; in 1 859 he was app. a commiss. to Va. ; sec. of the treas. in the cabinet of Jefferson Davis, Feb. 1861- June, 1864. Mendoza de (da men-do -tha), DON PE DRO, b. Cadiz, Spain, ab. 1487 ; d. at sea on his return to Spain, soon after founding the city of Buenos Ayres, in 1535. He offered his services to Charles V. in 1529 to complete, at his own expense, the exploration of the Rivers La Plata and Paraguay ; was created military chief of the countries adjacent to them; and set sail in 1534. Menendez de Aviles, PEDRO, a disting. Spanish olficer of an ancient Asturian family, b. 1519; d. Sept. 17, 1574. Wild in his youth, he gained distinction in cruises against the corsairs and the French ; acquired wealth in the New World ; was capt.-gen. of the fleet sent with troops to Flanders, contributing, it is said, to the victory of St. Quentin ; afterward went to the W. Indies as gen. of the fleet and army; amassed vast riches; and in 1561, on his return to Spain, was arrested by the Coun cil of the Indies, imprisoned, and heavily fined for his conduct there. At the head of an ex- ped. for the conquest and colonization of Flori da, he sailed from Cadiz 29 June, 1565 ; Sept. 7 he discovered the bay and river, which he named St. Augustine, and, landing, took formal possession on the 8th, and laid the foundation of St. Augustine, the oldest town in the U.S. Sept. 21, at daybreak, he surprised and put to the sword the French Huguenot garrison at Fort Caroline, a piece of cruelty afterwards avenged by De Gourgues upon the Spanish garrison there. He returned to Florida two years later; rebuilt San Mateo ; and in 1574, after his return to Spain, was given the com. of the Armada of 300 sail at Santander, destined against England, when he d. suddenly at the age of 55. Menken, ADAH ISAACS, actress, b. near N. Orleans, June 15, 1835; d. Paris, Aug. 10, 1868. Her maiden name was Dolores Adios Fuertos. Her father was a Spanish Jew, and her mother a native of Bordeaux. At the age of 7 she lost her father, and went on the stage as a danscuse; afterward joined the Montplai- sir troupe, and played in Havana and Mexico, becoming a great favorite. She made her d- but in Fazio at the Varieties, New Orleans, in 1858; and as Mazeppa, at the Opera House, San Francisco, Aug. 24, 1863. In 1856 she m. John Isaacs Menken. In 1 859 she m. John C. Heenan, the pugilist, from whom she was after ward divorced ; and in Oct. 1861 m. R. H. New- eil (Orpheus C. Kerr), which alliance was, like the others, speedily followed by a separation. In 1860 she performed in New York. In the early part of the civil war she played in the Southern theatres ; afterward at Astley s in Lond., and in Paris, to crowded houses ; the part of Mazeppa being the only one in which she excelled. In May, 1868, she was directress of Sadler s Wells Theatre, Lond. She owed her success to a beautiful form, and played in pieces which enabled her to exhibit its attrac tiveness to the greatest advantage. She wrote a vol. of poems entitled " Memories," under the signature of "Indigina; " and in 1867 "In- felicia," said to have been edited by the poet Swinburne. Mercer, CHARLES FENTON, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1826), M.C. from Va. 1817-40, b. Fred- ericksburg, Va., June 6, 1778; d. Howard, near Alexandria, Va., May 4, 1 858. N. J. Coll. 1797. A capt. in the army, he resigned, and, after spending a year in Europe, returned in IV1ER 616 1803, and practised law. From 1810 to 1817 he was a member of the Assembly ; was called in 1811 to military duty, and rose to the rank of brig.-gen. of militia, commanding the forces at Norfolk. He was chief supporter of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal scheme, and was pres. of the company ; chairman of the com. of finance in Congress, and a protectionist. In 1853 he visited Europe, and used his eiForts for the entire abolition of the African slave-trade. Mercer, HUGH, brig.-gen., b. Aberdeen, Scotland, ab. 1721; d. Princeton, N.J., Jan. 12, 1777. Educated for the medical profession at the U. of Aberdeen. He was an assist, sur geon at the battle of Culloden, and, in conse quence of his participation in the rebellion, emig. to America early in 1 747, and settled as a physician near the present village of Mercers- burg, Franklin Co., Pa. In the Fr. and In dian war of 1755-6 he was a capt., and the companion of Washington; and, in the exped. of Bradclock at the battle of the Monongahela, was severely wounded ; became separated from his men, and, after weeks of wandering and hard ship, reached Fort Cumberland. He received a medal from the corporation of Phila. for his courage and conduct in this exped. On the re-organization of the Prov. forces in 1758, Mercer, promoted to be lieut.-col., accomp. the army of Gen. Forbes to Fort Duquesne, and com. that post until relieved, when he fixed his residence at Fredericksburg, Va., and resumed the practice of medicine. On the breaking-out of the Revol. he warmly espoused the cause of liberty ; left his profession ; com. 3 regts. of minute-men in 1775; in 1776 drilled and or ganized the Va. militia ; was made col. 3d Va. Regt. Feb. 13, 1 776 ; and June 5, 1776, was app. by Congress a brig.-gen. At Trenton, Mercer led the column of attack, and, after its brilliant result, suggested at the council of war the daring night-march on Princeton. In that march he was intrusted with the com. of the advanced party. Encountering at daybreak of Jan. 3, 1777, a large body of British troops, he threw his brigade between them and their reserve at Princeton, thus forcing a general action. Mercer was dismounted, and, endeav oring to rally the militia, was felled by a blow from the musket of a British soldier, pierced with bayonet-wounds, and left for dead. Re moved to a neighboring farmhouse, he lingered several days in extreme suffering till he ex pired. A monument has been erected to his memory at Laurel Hill, near Phila. Provision was made by Congress in 1793 for the education of his youngest son, HUGH, who d. Fredericks- burg, Va., Dec. 2, 1853, a. 77. Another son, Col. JOHN, d. Va. Sept. 30, 1817. His only dau., ANNA GORDON PATTON, d. Fredericks- burg, Va., May 12, 1832, a. 58. Mercer, JAMES, statesman, of Hampshire, Va.; d. 1793, a. ab. 50. Wm. and M. Coll 1767. A member of the Va. h. of burgesses; a member of all the Va. conventions, and of the committee of safety ; a member of Con gress 1779-80 ; and a judge of admiralty, and of the First Court of Appeals. Grigsby. Mercer, JESSE, Baptist clergyman, b. Halifax Co., N.C., Dec. 16, 1769 ; d. Butts Co., Ga., Sept. 6, 1841. Ord. in 1789, he took charge of a church in Wilkes Co., Ga. ; was a member of the conv. to amend the constitution of Ga. in 1798. He was an eloquent preacher, and compiled "Mercer s Cluster," a vol. of hymns still in use. Mercer U. in Pcnfield Ga., to which he left $60,000, was named in his honor. See Memoir of Mercer, by C. D. Mallory. Mercer, JOHN FRANCIS, a Revol. soldier, gov. of Md. 1801-3, b. 1758; d. Phila. 30 Aug. 1821. Wm. and M. Coll. 1775. Deleg. from Va. to the Old Congress in 1782-5; from Md. to the conv. which framed the Federal Constitu tion; M.C. 1792-4; and member of the State legisl. His dau. MARGARET (1791-1846) vol untarily reduced herself to poverty by freeing her slaves, supporting herself 25 years by teach ing. She prepared for her pupils " Studies for Bible Classes and Ethics in Letters to Young Ladies/ See Memoir, by Dr. Caspar Morris, 8vo, 1848. Mercer, SAMUEL, commodore U.S.N., b. Md. 1800; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Mar. 6, 1862. Midshipman, Mar. 1815; lieut. Jan. 13, 1825; com. Sept. 8, 1841 ; capt. Sept. 4, 1855. He was in " The Wabash," blockading Charleston harbor, and afterward in the attack on Hat- teras. Meredith, SAMUEL, U.S. treasurer, 17S9- 1801, b. Phila. 1740; d. Belmont, Pa., Feb. 10, 1817. He was for a time in the Colonial legisl. of Pa. ; maj. 3d Pa. batt. in 1775; and personally engaged in the battles of Trenton, and with his family was exiled from Phila. on its occupation by the British. He, with Gcorp-e Clymer, his bro.-in-law, gave 10,000 in silver to carry on the war. He was a member of the State legisl., and of the Old Congress in 1787-8. Meredith, WILLIAM MORRIS, of Pa., sec. U.S. treas., from Mar. 7, 1849, to July 20, 1850, and a leading lawyer, b. Phila. 8 June, 1799 U. of Pa. 1812. He began practice in Dec. 1817, and was long one of the first lawyers in the State; a representative in the Pa. legisl. in 1824-8 ; pres. of the Select Council of Phila. 1834-49; member State Const. Conv. 1857; atty.-gen. of Pa. 1861-7 ; app. one of the coun sel for the U.S. at the Geneva conf, but de clined; d. Phila., Aug. 16, 1873. Meriam, EBENEZER, statistician and me teorologist, b. Concord, Ms., June 20, 1794; d. Brooklyn, L. I., Mar. 19, 1864. He was a manuf. in Ky., a dry-goods dealer in Zanos- ville, 0.; in 1838 went to N.Y. City, and, in the manuf. of soap and candles, acquired a com petence. Devoting himself to meteorology, he originated the theory of cycles of atmos pherical phenomena; began in 1841 the Muni- cipal Gazetteer, a scientific journal; contrib. scientific articles to the Journal of Commerce and other papers ; and for more than 30 years kept a record of the weather. Meriwether, DAVID, soldier and states man, b. Va. 1755; d. near Atbens, Ga., Nov. 1822. A lieut. in the Revol. army, he served in N. J., and was taken prisoner at the siege of Savannah. In 1785 he settled in Wilkes Co., Ga., which he several times represented in the State legisl. M.C. in 1802-7, and a warm supporter of Jefferson, who in 1804 a]>p. him a commiss. to treat with the Creek Indians. He 617 MET also, with Gen. Jackson and Gov. McMin of Tenn., concluded a treaty with the Cherokees, by which a large territory west of the Appa- lachee Hirer was ceded to the U.S. Merrick, JAMES LYMAN, b. Monsou, Ms., 11 Oct. 1803 ; d. Amherst, Ms., 18 June, 1866. Amh. Coll. 1830; Columb. Theol. Sem. 1833. Descended from Thos., of Springfield, Ms. (ab. 1638). Ord. missionary to Persia 1834 ; sailed to Constantinople in Aug.; and in Aug. 1835 went to Persia, where he travelled and labored in various places until his return in 1845. After Jan. 1849, pastor of the Cong. Church, Am herst, Ms. Author of " Pilgrim s Harp," a vol. of poems, 8vo, 1847; "Life and Religion of Mohammed," 1850 ; " Keith on Prophecy," transl. into Persian, 1846 ; " Treatise on Eng lish Orthography," &c. ; " Geneal. of the Mer rick Family," 1860. He bequeathed all his property to the institutions in which he had been educated, for the purpose of founding four Persian scholarships. N. E. H. and G. Regis ter, 1866. Merriek, PLINY, LL.D.(H.U.1853), judge, b. Brookfield, Aug. 2, 1794 ; d. Boston, Feb. 1, 1867. H.U. 1814. Son of Pliny (H.U. 1776). He studied law with Levi Lincoln ; commenced practice in Worcester in 1817; subsequently practised at Swanzey and Taunton ; was app. co. atty. in 1824 ; in 1832 atty. for the middle district ; in 1827 representative for Worcester ; in 1843 judge of the C.C.P. ; in 1844 of the Municipal Court ; State senator in 1 850 ; again judge of the C.C.P. in 1851, and in 1853-64 of the Ms. Supreme Court ; pres. of the Wor cester and Nashua Railroad Co. In 1849 he was senior counsel in the defence of Prof. Web ster, who murd<jml Dr. George Parkman. Much of his large property was bequeathed to the city of Worcester for the establishment of schools of a high grade. Merrill, DAVID, Presb. minister at Ur- bana, O., 1827-41, and of Peacham, Vt., from 1841 to his d., July 21, 1850, a. 52. Dartm. Coll. 1821. He pub. three occas. sermons, and contrib. to several periodicals. After his death, a vol. of his sermons, with a Memoir by T. S. Pearson, was pub. 12mo, Windsor, 1855. Merrill, THOMAS ABBOT, D. D. (Mid. Coll. 1837), Cong, clergyman, b. Andover, Ms., Jan. 18, 1780; d. Middlebury, Vt., April 29," 1855. Dartm. Coll. 1801. He was a tutor at Dartm. and Midd. Colleges, and was pastor of the church at the latter place from Dec. 19, 1805, until his death. Numerous revivals at tested his power as a preacher. He was 49 years one of the corporation of Midd. Coll. He pub. some sermons, and a valuable history of Middlebury in 1840. Merritt, TIMOTHY, clergyman, b. Bark- hamstead, Ct., Oct. 1775; d. Lynn, Ms., 1845. He became a minister in the M.E. Church in 1796; edited Zion s Herald in Boston, and the Christ. Advocate and Journal at New York ; and pub. " The Christian s Manual," " Convert s Guide and Preacher s Assistant," "Universal Salvation," and " Memoir of Miss S. H. Bunt ing." Merritt, WESLEY, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. N. Y. 1836. West Point, 1860. Entering the Dragoons, he became capt. 2d Cav. 5 April, 1862; brig.-gen. vols. 29 June, 1863; maj.-gen. 1 Apr. 1865; lieut.-col. 9th Cav. 28 July, 1866. He took part in Stonenmn s Raid, Apr. 1863 ; com. reserve cav. brigade at Gettys burg, and brev. major, 1 July, 1863 ; com. cav. division, Nov. 1863 to Apr. 1864, in operations in Central Va. ; com. cav. brigade in the Rich mond campaign, being frequently engaged ; and brev. lieut.-col. 11 May, 1864, for battle of Yellow Tavern, and col. for battle of Hawes Shop, 28 May, 1864; also engaged at Cold Harbor and Trevillian s Station ; com. cav. div. Shenandoah campaign; and brev. maj.-gen. vols. 19 Oct. 1864 for Winchester and Fisher s Hill ; com. cav. div. in Richmond campaign, Mar.-Apr. 1865; engaged at Dinwiddie C.H. 31 Mar., and Five F.orks, for which he was brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; and brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, services ending in Lee s surrender. Cullum. Merry, ROBERT (Delia Crusca), poet, b. Lond. 1756 ; d. Baltimore, 24 Jan. 1798. U. of Cambridge. He acquired reputation as a poet; m. in 1792 the actress Anne Brunton, who in 1796 accomp. him to America. Author of "Pains of Memory," Boston, 1797. His widow m. William Warren the comedian in 1806. Mervine, WILLIAM, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Pa. 1790; d. Utica, N. Y., Sept. 15, 1868. Midshipm. Jan. 16, 1809; lieut. Feb. 4, 1815 ; com. Jan. 12, 1834; capt. Sept. 8, 1841 ; com- mo. 16 July, 1862; rear-adm. 1866. He did good service during the first year of the civil war ; but ill health compelled his retirement in Nov. 1861. Messer, ASA, D.D. (H.U. 1820), LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1812), b. Methuen, Ms., 1769 ; d. Providence, R. I., Oct. 11, 1836. Brown U. 1790. He was tutor in 1791 ; prof, of lan guages in 1796; of mathematics and moral philos. in 1799 ; and was pres. of B.U. from 1802 to 1826. The citizens of Providence for several years elected him to important civil offices. Several of his discourses and orations have been pub. He was licensed to preach by the First Baptist Church, Providence, in 1792, and ord. in 1801. Messerve, COL. NATHANIEL, ship-builder, b. Portsmouth, N.H. ; d. June 28, 1758. Lieut.- col. of Moore s regt., and rendered essential ser vice, at the siege of Louisburg, 1745 ; com. the N.H. regt. raised for the Crown Point exped. in 1 756, and gallantly defended Fort Edward. In 1758 he embarked to aid in the second siege of Louisburg, and died of small-pox. His son GEORGE was app. stamp-agent for N. H. ; afterward coll. of customs in Boston and Ports mouth ; was a loyalist, and went to England in 1777. Messheimer, FREDERICK VAL., entomol ogist; d. ab. 1814. Lutheran minister of Han over, York Co., Pa. He pub. " A Catalogue of Insects of Pa" 1806. Metcalfe, CHARLES THEOPHILUS, baron, gov.-gen. of Canada 1843-6, b. Berkshire, Eng., Jan. 30, 1785 ; d. Basingstoke, Sept. 5, 1846. Theophilus his father was a member of parliament. He was educated at Eton ; went to India in 1800, where he filled various civil and diplomatic posts ; succeeded to thi 618 barom-tcy on the death of his bro. in 1822; gov.-gen. of Jamaica 1839-42 ; created a baron in 1844. Metcalf, RALPH, gov. of N.H. 1855-6, b. Charlestown, N.H., Nov. 21, 1798; d. Clare- mont, N.H., Aug. 26, 1858. D.C. 1823. He followed farming until the age of 18 ; began the practice of law at Newport in 1826; was sec. of state several years from 1 830 ; held a clerk ship at Washington in 1838-40 ; was chairman of the com. for compiling the laws of the State in 1852 ; member of the house in 1852-3 ; re gister of probate for Sullivan Co. in 1845. Alumni D.C. Metcalfe, SAMUEL L., M.D., b. Va. ; d. 1856. Some time a resident of Ky., and prof, of chemistry in Transylv. U., Lexington. Author of " Narrative of Indian Warfare in the West/ Lex. 8vo, 1821 ; " New Theory of Terrestrial Magnetism," 8vo, 1833 ; " Caloric," &c., 2 vols. 8vo, 1843. Metcalf, THERON, LL.D. (B.U. 1844; H.U. 1848), jurist, b. Franklin, Ms., Oct. 16, 1784. Brown U. 1805. App. reporter Ms. Supreme Court in 1839, and judge from Feb. 24, 1 848, to 1 865. Author of Digest of Cases in the Ms. Sup. Court," 1816-23; " Metcalf s Reports, 1840-49," 13 vols. 8vo, 1840-51; " Digest of Decis. of Cts. of Common Law and Admiralty in the U.S.," vol. i., 1840 ; with L. S. Gushing,* Suppt. to the Rev. Statutes of Ms. to 1844. He has edited the Gen. Laws of Ms. to 1822 by Commissioners Stearns and Shaw, 2 vols. 8vo, 1823; Maule and Selwyn s Re ports ; Russell on Crimes ; Starkie on Evi dence; Yelverton s Reports; &c. Author of able articles in the Amer. Jurist on the Law of Contracts (since pub. in an 8vo vol.), &c. ; an Oration at Dedham, July 4, 1810; and " An Address to the P. B. K. Soc. of Brown U." 1832; d. Boston, 1875. Metcalfe, GEN. THOMAS, statesman, b. Fauquier Co., Va., Mar. 20,1780; d. Nicholas Co., Ky., Aug. 18, 1855. In his youth his parents emigrated to Fayette, Ky., where he re ceived a few months schooling ; became a stone-cutter at the age of 16, and devoted all his leisure to study. In 1809 the prospect of a war with Eng. occasioned his first appearance as a public speaker; in 1813 he com. a com pany at the battle of Fort Meigs, distinguish ing himself greatly ; and, while absent on this campaign, was elected to the legisl., receiving within 13 of the entire vote of the county; after serving there several years, he was M.C. 1819-29; gov. 1828-32; State senator 1834, and U.S. senator 1848-9; pres. of the Board of Internal Improvement in 1840. He was the friend and follower of Henry Clay, and delighted in the appellation, having refer ence to his occupation of a stone-mason, the Old Stone Hammer." In Congress and the executive chair, Gov. M. greatly disting. him self by his ability and firmness. Miantonomo, Sachem of the Narragan- setts; d. Sept. 1643. He was the nephew and successor of Canonicus, and assumed the govt. in 1636 ; making in that year a treaty with the English at Boston. He was the friend and benefactor of the R.I. settlers, to whom he gave their territory. In 1638 he entered into an agreement -with Uncas, Sachem of the Mohegans, not to make war upon one another without first appealing to the English. Cited in 1642, upon mere rumor of intended hostilities, to appear at Boston before the gov. and council, he promptly appeared, declared his innocence, and called upon the English to produce his ac cusers. None appearing, he was dismissed with honor. Gov. Winthrop, in his Journal, testifies to the respect in which the ability of this great chief was held. The rivalry between the Mohegans and Narragansetts, which it was the policy of the English to foment, produced its inevitable result. Driven by the insults and injuries of the unprincipled Uncas, he attacked him, but was defeated, and made prisoner, and, by the advice and consent of the English magistrates and elders, was executed. Brave and magnanimous, he was doubtless the most able of the Indians of New England. Micconopy (Pond-King), head chief of the Seminoles; d. Fort Gibson, Ark., Jan. 1849, a. ab. 63. He com. in person atDade s defeat, and with Osceola at the Onithlacoochie in 1836, but was opposed to the war, and surrendered in Dec. 1837. Michaux, ANDRE, botanist, b. Sartory, near Versailles, Mar. 7, 1746 ; d. Madagascar, Nov. 13, 1802. He devoted himself to agric. pursuits ; but the early loss of his wife changed his career. In 1780 he made a botanical ex cursion to Spain, and in 1782 to Persia. In 1785 he was sent to America for the purpose of sending out trees and shrubs for the estab lishment at Rambouillet ; made botanical ex cursions in various parts of the continent ; and established gardens in Bergen Co., N.J., and near Charleston, S.C. In 1796 he returned to Europe ; was shipwrecked on the coast of Holland, but saved the greater part of his valuable collection, and, on his arrival at Paris, found that few of the 60,000 stocks which he had sent out to Rambouillet had escaped the ravages of the Revol. In 1800 he was attached to the exped. of Baudin to New Holland. Author of " Histoire des Chenes del Amer ique" 1801 ; and " Flora Boreali Americana," 2 vols. 8vo, 1803. His son FRANgois AXDRE (b. 1770, d. Oct. 23, 1855), who accomp. his father in most of his voyages, in 1802 made, by order of the French govt., a voyage to Amer. to examine the productions of the States beyond the Alleghanies. In 1804 he pub. "A Journey to the West of the Allcghany Mountains ; " to which was added " A Memoir on the Natural ization of the Forest-Trees of N. Amer.," &c. In 1806 he was again sent to collect such seeds as he thought might be successfully introduced into France. His " N. Amer. Sylva," transl. by Hillhouse, with notes by J. J. Smith, was pub. 3 vols. 8vo, Phila. 1850. Middleton, ARTHUR, statesman of S.C., son of Edward (b. Twickenham, Eng.), a member of the council in 1680, was active in public affairs as early as 1712. Possessing property and talents, he exerted all his in fluence on the popular side, and in 1719 headed the revol. which substituted for the proprietary govt. the immediate protection of the crown. He presided over the popular convention, and was spokesman in the proceedings by which MXD 619 M3G- the gov. was formally deposed by the popular port. Gov. of the Colony from 1725 to 1731 ; he was afterwards in the council. His adminis tration was marked by war and negotiations with the Spaniards of Florida and the French of La. His son THOMAS disting. himself in 1761 in com. of a provincial regt. against the Cherokees. Another son, HENRY, was pres. of Congress 1774-5. Middleton, ARTHUR, a signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. at the family-seat on Ashley River, 1743; d. Jan. 1, 1788. Grandson of the preceding, and son of Henry. He was educated at Harrow and Westminster schools ; graduating at Cambridge U. in 1764. After his marriage with the dau. of Walter Izard, he revisited Europe, and made a tour of two years on the Continent. Returning in 1773, he became a planter ; a prominent Revol. leader ; a most efficient member of the council of safety; and in 1776 one of the committee to prepare the State constitution ; delegated to Congress in 1776-7; declined the governorship of S.C. in 1778; took arms in the defence of Charleston in 1779; saw his plantation dev astated by the British ; was made prisoner on the fall of Charleston in 1780; his estate was sequestered, and he was imprisoned at St. Augustine, and thence transferred to the Jersey prison-ship ; exchanged in July, 1781 ; he was again a member of Congress 1781-3 ; and was afterwards in the State senate. Skilled as a stenographer, he took down many of the de bates in which he participated. Under the signature of "Andrew Marvell " he wrote some effective political essays. ARTHUR, his grandson (son of Henry, min. to Russia), 8 years sec. of legation in Spain, b. S.C. 28 Oct. 1795, d. Naples, Italy, June 9, 1853. H.U. 1814. Married at Rome the Countess Benti- voglio. Middleton, CHRISTOPHER, an English arctic navigator ; d. Jan. 24, 1770. He sailed from Eng. in May, 1741 ; and, after having passed the winter at the entrance of Churchill s River in Hudson Bay, he proceeded to Wager River, and penetrated towards the west as far as 88 degrees. He then steered to the north west, and reached a bay. which he called Re pulse Bay, in consequence of being prevented by the land and ice from making farther prog ress. On the 9th of Aug. he sailed back to Eng., where a violent controversy took place between him and Arthur Dobbs, a gentleman of fortune, at whose instance Middleton had undertaken the exped. Further researches vindicated the reputation of Middleton, who was, in consequence, presented with a medal, and elected a member of the Royal Society. Middleton, HENRY, statesman, son of Arthur the signer, b. 1771; d. Charleston, S.C., 14 June, 1846. Member of the legisl. 1801-10; gov. 1810-12; M.C. in 1815-19; and minister to Russia 1820-31. A man of great liberality. His son HENRY, b. Paris, 1797 (West Point, 1815), studied law, and was adm. to the Charleston bar in 1822, but never practised. He pub. " The Government and the Currency," 1850, and many pamphlets on politics, polit. economy, &c. Middleton, JOHN IZARD, second son of Arthur the signer, b. on Ashley River, 1785 ; d. Paris, Nov. 1849. U. of Cambridge, Eng. He resided at Paris during the last 25 years of his life, and was an intimate in the circles of Mmes. De Stae l and Recamier. His work on " The Cyclopean Walls " (fol. Lond. 1812) shows great acquirements in classical literature and the details of art. Middleton, PETER, M.D., physician, b. Scotland; d. New York, 1781. U. of Edin burgh. He made with Dr. Bard, in 1750, the first dissection on record in America, and was one of the most disting. medical men in N.Y. in the middle of the last century. In 1767 he aided in establishing a new med. school in N. Y., of which he was app. first prof, of physi ology and pathology, and was the instructor in materia medica 1767-76; gov. of King s Coll., N.Y., 1775. In the Med. Repos., vol. ix., is an able letter by him on the Croup. He also pub. in 1769 "Historical Inquiries into the Ancient and Present State of Medecine." Thacher. Mifflin, THOMAS, major-gen., b. Phila. 1744; d. Lancaster, Pa., Jan. 21, 1800. Of Quaker parentage. Educated in Phila. Coll. and in a counting-house. He visited Europe in 1765, and, soon after his return, entered into partnership with an elder bro. ; and such was his reputation and influence, that in 1772 he was chosen to the legisl. ; was re-elected in the following year, with Dr. Franklin; and in 1774 was a delegate to the first Congress. App. a major of one of the first regts. raised in Phila., he accomp. Washington to Cambridge as aide- de-camp (with the rank of col.) ; in Aug. was made qmr.-gen. ; adj. -gen. shortly afterwards ; brig.-gen. May 16, 1776 ; maj.-gen. Feb. 19, 1777. He com. the covering-party during the retreat from L.I. ; and was active in arousing the militia of his State, which he traversed, making patriotic addresses, and in bringing aid to Washington before the battles of Tren ton and Princeton. In the gloomy period succeeding the campaign in N. J., Gen. Mif flin did not attempt to conceal his discontent, and, after the battle of Germantown, resigned his commission of qmr.-gen. on the ground of ill-health, but was at the same time chosen a member of the new board of war. He was one of the chief conspirators engaged in the Con way cabal, and continued to cherish an unfriendly disposition towards the com. in chief. In Nov. 1782 he was elected a delegate to Congress; was chosen pres. in 1783 ; mem ber and speaker of the State legisl. in 1785 ; a delegate to the convention to frame the Federal Constitution in 1787; pres. of the supreme exec, council of Pa. from Oct. 1 788 to Oct. 1 790 ; pres. of the convention which formed the State constitution 1790 ; from 1791 to 1800 gov. of the State ; and finally died a member of the legisl. He assisted in quelling the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794 ; making a circuit through the lower counties, publicly addressing the militia on the crisis of affairs. Simpson. Mignot, Louis R., landscape-painter, b. S.C. Left N.Y. City, where he had long been prosperously established, at the outbreak of the Rebellion ; and has been a successful paint er in Lond. He is a remarkable delineator of TVTTT. 620 tropical atmosphere and vegetation. Among his pictures are " The Source of the Susque- hanna," "Evening in the Tropics," " Holland Winter-Scene," and " Southern Harvest." Tuckerman. Milburn, WILLIAM HENRY (" the blind preacher "), an eloquent clergyman, b. Phila. Sept. 26, 1823. In 1827 his father moved to Jacksonville, III. William had partially lost his sight in childhood, but was an indefatiga ble student, and studied a while in 111. Coll. ; but at the age of 20 gave up from ill-health, and engaged as a Meth. itinerant preacher. In 1846 he became chaplain to Congress, where he was engaged for 10 sessions; in 1848 he was established in Ala., first at Montgomery, afterward at Mobile. He removed to N.Y. in 1854, and became a popular lecturer. In 1859 he delivered lectures in the principal cities of Eng. to crowded audiences. He subsequently joined the Episc. Church. His " Ten Years of Preacher-Life " was pub. 1859; "Pioneers and People of the Mississippi Valley," 1860; " Rifle, Axe, and Saddle-Bags," 1857." Duyckinck. Miles, DIXON S., col. U. S. A., b. Md. 1 803 ; killed at Harper s Ferry, Va., Sept. 16, 1862. West Point, 1824. Adj. May, 1830, to 1836 ; capt. 8 June, 1836 ; assist, quarterm. 1839-45 ; brev. major for defence of Fort Brown, May 9, 1 846 ; com. his regt., and brev. lieut.-col. for gal lantry, at Monterey, Mex. ; maj. 5th Inf. Feb. 16, 1847; military and civil gov. of Jalapa, Mex., July, 1848 ; com. in Gila exped., and disting. in conflicts with Indians of N. Mex ico, June 27, 1857; and in several conflicts with Navajoes, N. Mex., Sept. 1858; lieut.- col. 3d Inf. Apr. 15, 1851 ; col. 2d Inf. Jan. 19, 1859. In the battle of Bull Run he com. the 5th division in reserve. In Sept. 1862 he was intrusted with the important com. of Harper s Ferry. One of his subordinates abandoned Maryland Heights ; and, on the ap proach of the enemy in force, he surrendered the post with nearly 12,000 men. Miles, HENRY ADOLPHUS, D.D. (B.U. 1850), b. Grafton, Ms., 30 May, 1809. B.U. 1829. Many years sec. Amer. Unit. Assoc. ; formerly settled over a Unit. Church at Lowell. Has pub. " Lowell as it Was and Is," 2d ed. 1847 ; " Genealogy of the Miles Family," 1840 ; and a discourse before the A. and Hon. Art. Co., 5 June, 1843. Miles, JAMES WARLEY, scholar, b. Charles ton, S.C., ab. 1819. S.C. Coll. He took holy orders, and became a missionary to the East, acquiring the Oriental tongues. On his return he became assist, rector of St. Michael s, Charleston, which he gave up for the profess orship of Greek and history in the Charleston Coll. Visiting France and Germany for his health, he studied philology and philos. at Berlin, and, returning after two years absence, became librarian of the Charleston Coll. He has contrib. vigorous articles for the Southern Review ; and pub. " Philosophic Theology," 1849, and a number of addresses. He has also written fugitive poems of merit. Duyc kinck. Miles, NELSON A., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Wazhusettville, Ms., 8 Aug. 1839. Re ceived a fair education, and at 17 entered a store in Boston. He entered the service as 1st lieut. 22d Ms. Oct. 1861 ; was disting. and wounded at Fair Oaks ; also disting. at Charles City Cross-Road and at Malvern ; acted asadj.-gen. 1st brigade, Istdiv. 2d corps, from Fair Oaks to Harrison s Landing ; was, 30 Sept. 1862, made col. 61st N.Y., which he led at Fredericksburg ; and was carried from the field of Chancellorsville (as was supposed) fatal ly wounded ; com. the 1st brig. 1st div. 2d corps in the Richmond campaign of 1864; was made brig.-gen. 12 May, 1864 ; and brev. maj.- gen. for gallantry at Reams s Station, Dec. 1864 ; maj.-gen. 21 Oct. 1865 ; col. 40th inf. 28 July, 1866 ; transf. to 5th Inf. 15 Mar. 1869 ; brev. brig, and maj.-gen. 2 Mar. 1867. Miles, PLINY, b. Watertown, N.Y., 1818 ; d. Malta, 6 April, 1865. Well known by his letters from abroad under the signature of " Communipaw." Was the author of " Senti ments of Flowers ; " " Statistical Register," 8vo, 1848; "Art of Memory," 8vo, 1848; " Rambles in Ireland," 1854 ; " Ocean Steam- Navigation," 1857 ; "Postal Reform, its Ur gent Necessity and Practicability," 1855. To this subject he devoted his later years. In his early years he was a schoolmaster. Miles, RICHARD Pius, R. C. bishop of Nashville, consec. Sept. 16, 1838; d. Feb. 1, 1860. Milfort, LE CLERC, a French adventurer, who in his youth came to Amer. ; travelled through the Colonies, and ab. 1776 attached himself to MacGillivray, the Creek chief, whose sister he married ; was made a war chief by the Indians ; and served actively against the patriots of Ga. during the Revol. In 1796, after having lost his wife and his bro.-in-law MacGillivray, he returned to France, and was made a gen. of brigade by Bonaparte. In 1814 he disting. himself by a gallant defence of his own house in Rheims against a party of Russians, and died soon after. He pub. in France an interesting memoir of his resi dence among the Creeks, " Se jour dans la Nation Creek," Paris, 1802; d. Mezieres, 1817. Millard, DAVID, clergyman, b. Ballston, N.Y., Nov. 24, 1794. The son of a Revolu tionary soldier. He was brought up on a farm, and became a teacher at the age of 17. In 1815 he became a minister; and was settled in West Bloomtield, N. Y., from 1818 to 1832; in Portsmouth from 1837 to 1840; visited the Mediterranean and the East in 1841 ; and was some years a prof, in the Meadville Theol. School, Pa. He pub. " The True Messiah in Scripture Light," 1818; " Travels in Egypt, Arabia Petrsea, and the Holy Land," 1843; and edited a monthly mag., the Gospel Lumi nary ; d. Jackson, Mich., Aug. 3, 1873. Milledge, JOHN, statesman of Georgia, b. Savannah, 1757 ; d. at the Sand Hills, Feb. 9, 1818. He descended from one of the early settlers of the Colony ; was brought up in the office of the king s atty. ; at the commencement of the Revolution espoused the cause of the Colonies ; and was one of the party which made Gov. Wright prisoner, June 17, 1775 He was at the sieges of Savannah and Augusta, served frequently in the legisl. ; was in 1 780 app. MIL, 621 atty.-gen of the State; gcv. in 1802-6; M.C. 1792-^1802, excepting one term; and U.S. sena tor 1 806-9 ; pros. pro. tern. 1 809. In 1 802 he, with James Jackson and Abraham Baldwin, were commiss. for ceding to the U.S. certain por tions of the territory of Ga. He was the prin cipal founder of the U. of Ga., and presented the land which forms its site. His memory was honored by an act of the legisl., calling the capital of the State Milledgeville. Milledoler, PHILIP, D.D., clergyman of the G. R. Church, b. Farmington, Ct., Sept. 22, 1775; d. Staten Island, Sept. 22, 1852. Col. Coll. 1793. Of Swiss parentage, he be came disting. as a scholar while at Edinburgh, particularly in the application of chemistry to the pursuits of life. The Highland Agric. Society having offered a premium of 50 sover eigns for the best analysis of oats, he was the successful competitor." In May, 1795, he be came minister of the Ref. Church in N. Y. ; from 1800 to 1805 was pastor of the Third Presb. Church in Phila ; from 1805 to 1813 he officiated in the Presb. Church Rutgers St., N.Y. ; in 1825-41 was pres. of Rutgers Coll., N. J., being prof, of moral philos. at the same time. He was one of the founders of the Bible Society ; was an industrious scholar ; and pub. lectures, addresses, essays, and treatises. Miller, EDWARD, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1784), physician and medical writer, b. Dover, Del., 9 May, 1760; d. N. Y. City 17 Mar. 1812. Son of Rev. John, 43 years Presb. pastor of Dover, who d. July, 1791. He received a clas sical education ; studied medicine ; was sur geon s mate in the Revol. army in 1780; and surgeon in an armed ship in 1781-2 ; practised successfully in Dover, until in 1796 he removed to N.Y. City, where, with Drs. Mitchell and Smith, he founded, in Aug. 1797, the Med. Re pository, the first work of the kind in America, continued till his death. Its conductors were members of a Friendly Club, which also in cluded William Dunlap, Brockden Brown, Anthony Bleecker, and James Kent. Made resident" physician of N.Y. in 1803, he pub. a treatise of great merit on the Yellow-Fever; app. prof, of the practice of physic in the U. of N.Y. in Mar. 1807, and in 1809 clinical lecturer in the N.Y. Hospital. He received professional honors from all quarters ; had a large corresp. with men of letters in both hemispheres; and assisted his bro. Samuel in preparing his "Ret rospect of the 18th Century." He was a con spicuous advocate of temperance, and opposed the use of tobacco. His medical writings, with a Memoir, were pub. by his bro., S. Miller, 8vo, 1814. Miller, ELIHD SPENCER, prof, in the Law School of the U. of Pa., b. Princeton, N. J., 1817. N.J. Coll. 1836. Son of Rev. Samuel. Author of " Law of Partition bv Writ in Pa.,"&c., 8vo, 1847; "Caprices," a coll. of poems, 12mo, 1849. Editor of Serjeant on the Law of Mechanics, 8vo, 1856. Allibone. Miller, GEN. HENRY, Revol. officer, b. near Lancaster, Pa., Feb. 13, 1751, d. Car lisle, Pa., Apr. 5, 1824. He studied law, and began practice ; but, on the breaking-out of the war, marched to Boston as a lieut. ; rose to be col. ; performed important services during the campaign in N. J. ; had two horses killed under him at Mon mouth ; was in many battles during the war ; was quarterm.-gen. in the Western exped. ; and com. a brigade of militia for the defence of Baltimore in the war of 1812. He was a merchant of Baltimore ; afterward pro- thonotary of Perry Co. ; and supt. of revenue for the dist. of Pa. Miller, GEN. JAMES, b. Peterborough, N.H., Apr. 25, 1776; d. Temple, N.H., July 7, 1851. He was bred to the law; but entered the army as major 4th Inf. July 8, 1808 ; app. lieut.-col. 5th Inf. Nov. 30, 1810; brev. col. for disting. service at Brownstown, Aug. 9, 1812, where he commanded ; disting. in capture of Fort George, U.C., May 27, 1813; col. 21st Inf. Mar. 9, 1814; brevet brig.-gen. for dis ting. service at Niagara Falls, July 25, 1814; received a gold medal, "with suitable emblems and devices," presented " in testimony of the high sense entertained by Congress of "his gal lantry and good conduct in the several conflicts of Niagara and Erie," Nov. 3, 1814. Gov. of Arkansas from March, 1819, to March, 1825 ; and coll. of the port of Salem in 1825-49. His son JAMES F., commodore U.S.N. (b. 1803, d. Charlestown, Ms., 11 July, 1868), entered the navy in 1826, became commo. in 1866, and saw service in the Mexican war. Miller, JAMES WILLIAM, poet and miscel laneous writer, d. W. Indies, 1829, a. 27. His early life was passed in a variety of occupa tions. After studying law, he engaged in lite rary pursuits in Boston, but went to the West Indies in 1828, and obtained a grant of land from the Spanish govt. He was for a short time assoc. with John Neal in the editorship of the Yankee, and contrib. in verse to this and other periodicals. A vol. of his Poems and Sketches was collected and pub. at Boston, 12mo, 1830. Miller ("JOAQUIN"), CINCINNATUS HI KE, poet, has been successively a Cal. miner, prppr. of a pony-express over the mountains, editor of a Democ. paper in Eugene City, Ore gon (his father s home), atty. at law in Canyon City, and county judge of Grant Co. He m. ab. 1863 Minnie F. Dyer, ("Minnie Myrtle"), known as a writer of verses, from whom he sep. in 1870, and has since resided in London. A vol. of his poems, " Songs of the Sierras," was pub. there m 1871; b. Ind. Nov. 10, 1841. Miller, REV. JOHN, M.A., chaplain to the troops in N.Y. 1692-5. Author of " Description of the Province and City of N.Y. , &c., in 1695," pub. London, 8vo, 1843, and, with Introd. and Notes by J. G. Shea, N.Y. 8vo, 1862. Miller, JOHN, statesman ; d. near Flori- sant, Mo., March 18,1846. Lieut.-col. 17th Inf. March 12 ; col. 19th Inf. July 6, 1812 ; disting. in com. of detachment from" the army in Fort Meigs, destroying enemy s batteries, May 5, 1813 ; resigned Feb. 10, 1818. Register of pub lic lands in Howard Dist., Mo., some years. Edited Western Herald, at Steubenville, O., un til 1825. Gov. of Mo. 1826-32 ; M.C. 1837-43. Miller, SAMUEL, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1804), LL.D. (Wash. Coll., Pa.), scholar and divine, b. Dover, Del., Oct. 31, 1769; d. Princeton, N. J., Jan. 7, 1850. U. of Pa. 1789. Son of Rev. John, a native of Boston, who early set- 1VXTL 622 tied as a Presb. clergyman in Del. ; and bro. of Edward Miller, MJ>. From 1793 to 1813 he was minister of a Presb. church in N. Y. City, acquiring much reputation as a theolo gian and a polemical writer; and in 1813-49 was prof, of eccl. hist, and church govt. in the Theol. Sem. at Princeton, N.J. Author of "A Brief Retrospect of the Eighteenth Century," 2 vols. 8vo, 1803; "Letters on the Constitu tion and Order of the Christian Ministry," which originated a controversy between him and Rev. John Bowden on the subject, 1807; a discourse before the N.Y. Hist. Soc., of which he was 9 years corresp. sec., on the discov. of N.Y. by Hudson, 1809; "Memoirs of Rev. John Rodgers," Svo, 1813 ; " Infant-Baptism," 12mo, 1840; " Letters on Unitarianism," Svo, 1821; "Letters on Clerical Manners and Habits," 1827; " Presbyterianism Truly Prim itive," &c., 12mo, 1840; "On the Eternal Sonship of Christ," 1823; "Memoir of Rev. Charles Nesbit, D.D.," 1840; besides numer ous occasional sermons, and a " Life of Jona than Edwards " in Sparks s " American Biog raphy." He was an early member of the Amer. Philos. Society, and a corresp. member of the Ms. Hist. Society. See Memoir offiev. S. Mil ler, by Samuel Miller, 1869; Sprague. Miller, SAMUEL H., app. judge U.S. Sup. Court 16 July, 1862, b. Richmond, Ky., 5 Apr. 1816. U. of Transylv. Took the degree of M.D., and practised medicine a few years; then adopted the law ; became an emancipationist in 1848; and in 1850 settled in Iowa, where he became a Repub. leader, declining all offices, and attending wholly to his profession. Miller, STEPHEN D., statesman, b. Wax- haw Settlement, S.C., May, 1787; d. Raymond, Mpi., March 8, 1838. S.C. Coll. 1808. He adopted the profession of the law; was M.C. 1819-20; member S.C. senate 1822; gov. of S.C. in 1828-30; and U.S. senator in 1831-3. Miller, STEPHEN FRANKS, lawyer and au thor, b. N.C. In his youth he removed to Ga.; was adm. to the bar at 21, soon after which the legisl. elected him solicitor-gen, of the Southern Circuit. Engaging afterwards in his prof, in Ala., a severe bronchial affection com pelled him to engage in other avocations ; and m 1 840-7 he edited the Monitor, a Whig journal, at Tuscaloosa. In 1848 and 9 he was associ ated in the editorial management of De Bow s Review and the Daily Commercial Times in N. Orleans. His health failing, he removed to Oglethorpe Co., Ga. Author of " The Bench and Bar of Georgia," 2 vols. Svo, Phila. 1858; " Wylkins Wylder, or the Successful Man," 1860; and -a "Memoir of Gen. David Black- shear." Miller, WILLIAM, the prophet of the Mil- lerites, b. Pittsfield, Ms., 1781 ; d. Hampton, N.Y., Dec. 20, 1849. During the last war with Eng. he served as a capt. of vols. on the North ern frontier. He began to speak in public as semblies upon the subject of the millennium in lj-33 ; and for 10 years labored assiduously in the Middle and Northern States. He was un educated ; yet he succeeded in building up a sect of some thirty or forty thousand disciples, which disappeared rapidly after the close of the "day of probation " in 1843. Mills, ABKAHAM, LL.D. (Mad. U.), au thor, b. Duchess Co., N.Y., 1796 ; d. N. York City, 8 July, 1867. ^Educated at an acad. He established himself in New York, where he AY as a teacher of and lecturer on rhetoric and belles- lettres. Author of " English Literature," 1851 ; " Greek Literature," 1853 ; "Lectures on Rhet oric and Belles-Lettres," 1854 ; " Compendium of the History of the Ancient Hebrews," 1856. He pub. also a lecture on "Literature and Literary Men of Great Britain." Mills, CLARK, sculptor, b. Onoiidaga Co., N.Y., Dec. 1, 1815. While a child, he lost his parents. He learned the trade of a plasterer, which he followed 9 years in Charleston, S.C. From the age of 22 he manifested a taste for sculpture; and in 1846 finished a bust of Calhoun, which adorns the City Hall of Charles ton. His equestrian statue of Gen. Jackson, cast in Oct. 1852, was inaug. Jan. 8, 1853, and stands in Lafayette Square, Washington, near the President s house. During the next session, $50,000 was appropriated by Congress for a colossal equestrian statue of Washington, to be executed by him : this statue, which is some what larger than that of Jackson, was inaug. at Washington Feb. 22, 1 860. Mr. Mills s next employment was the casting of a colossal statue of Liberty, from a design by Crawford ; finished in 1863 : it now crowns the dome of the Capitol. Mills, ROBERT, engineer and architect of S.C., d. Washington, D.C., 3 Mar. 1855. Ar chitect of the U.S. P.O., Treasury, and Patent- office buildings. Author of " Amcr. Pharos, or Light-house Guide," Svo, 1832 ; " Statistics ofS.C.,"8vo, 1826; "Atlas of S.C.," fol. 1826; " Guide to the Nat. Exec. Offices, Washington," 1842. Mills, SAMUEL JOHN, "The Father of Foreign Missions in America," b. Torrington, Ct., Apr. 21, 1783; d. at sea, June 18, 1818. Wms. Coll. 1809. Son of the eccentric clergy man of Torrington of the same name (1743- 1833 ). At the And. Theol. Sem. he was active in disseminating his project, which resulted in the app. of a "Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions ; " in the embarkation of Rev. Messrs. Hall, Nott, Judson, Rice, and Newell, for Calcutta, in Feb. 1812; and the establishment of missions in Ceylon, the Sand wich Islands, &c. Ord. June 21, 1815, and made two tours through the Southern and Western States with Messrs. Schermerhorn and Smith, of which he pub. an account, Andover, Svo, 1815. On his return he originated the Amer. Bible Society, formed < in N.Y. May 8, 1S16; and was instrumental in the formation of the Amer. Colonization Society, Jan. 1, 1817 ; app. its agent to explore the west coast of Africa tor a suitable site for the colony, he reached its coast, March 12, 1818 ; explored the country ; and embarked for the U.S., via England, May 22, but died on the passage. His Memoirs have been pub. by Gardiner Spring, D.D., Svo, 1820. Milmore, MARTIN, sculptor, b. Boston, 1845. Entered Ball s studio in July, I860, and has produced an alto-relief, "Prosphor; " a stat uette of "Devotion;" busts of Longfellow, Sum- ner, Geo. Ticknor, Gen. Thayer, and an ideal of " Miranda ; " statues of Ceres, Flora, and Pomona, in Horticultural Hall, Boston ; and oVITL, 623 a monument at Forest Hills, commemorating, by the city of Roxbury, her sons who fell dur ing the Rebellion. Now (1871) engaged upon a similar work for the city of Boston, to be placed on Boston Common. Tuckerman. Milnor, JAMES, D.D. (U. of Pa.), clergy man, b. Phila. June 20, 1773 ; d. N.Y. Apr. 8, 1845. U. of Pa. He studied law ; commenced practice in 1794; removed to Phila. in 1797; soon attained a prominent position ; and was M.C. in 181 1-13. Ord. to the ministry in 1814 ; officiated in Pa. ab. two years ; and was from 1816 to his death rector of St. George s Church. He was an efficient supporter of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, and of the Bible and Tract Societies. He pub. a few addresses and occasional sermons. See "Memoirs of the Life of James Milnor," by J. S. Stone, D.D., N.Y.;848. Miliis, WILLIAM, teacher and dramatist; d. Boston Mar. 1801, a. 40. He had been a teacher in N.Y. and Boston. Author of some plays, " The Comet," "All in a Bustle/ and "A Flash in the Pan/ Milroy, GEN. EGBERT H., b. Ind. ab. 1814. He studied law; was adm. to the bar; served as capt. 1st Ind. Vols. in the Mexican war; entered the service in 1861 as brig.-gen. Ind. Vols. ; served in Western Va. under McClellan and Rosecrans ; com. the forces engaged at Carrick s Ford ; and was app. brig.- gen. vols. Sept. 3, 1861 ; he served under Fre mont and Sigel, and in the 2d battle of Bull Run; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; he com. ab. 8,000 men at Winchester, where he was at tacked 15 June, 1863, and retreated, losing nearly half his force. Milton, GEN. HOMER VIRGIL, Revol. officer; d. Jeff. Co., Ga., May, 1822. Maj. 3d U.S. Inf. May, 1808; lieut.-col. 6th Inf. 3 Sept. 1810 ; col. 3d Inf. 15 Aug. 1813 ; re signed 30 Nov. 1814. Mina (mee -na), XAVIER, a Spanish offi cer, b. Navarre, 1789. Nephew of the celebrat ed Spanish guerilla chief; undertook to liberate Mexico, which he entered in Apr. 1817 with a small force. He gained several victories, but was captured and shot at Mexico, 11 Nov. 1817. Miner, ALONZO AMES, D.D. (H.U. 1863), Universalist clergyman, b. Lempster, N.H., 17 Aug. 1814. Grandson of Charles, a Revol. sol dier, who was 6th in desc. from Thos. of Boston, 1630. Brought up on a farm, and received an academical education ; principal of the Scient. and Milit. Acad. of Unity, N.H., 1 835-9. Ord. June, 1839; settled at Methuen, Ms. ; and over the 2d Church of Lowell, July, 1842 ; also edit ing the Star of Bethlehem ; chosen coll. of Mr. Ballou (2d Church, Boston) 1 May, 1848, where he still continues; since 1852, and till recently, has been sole pastor ; pres. of Tufts Coll. July, 1862-Nov. 1874 ; a leader in anti- slavery and temperance reform, and disting. as a lecturer on these topics. Contrib. to Pose of Sharon, and to the Ladies Repository. Miner, CHARLES, editor and M.C. (1825- 9), b. Norwich, Ct.,Feb.l, 1780 ; d.Wilkesbarre, Pa., Oct. 26, 1865. Emigrating at 19 to the Wyoming Valley, he became popular as a printer, and editor of the Luzerne Federalist, then of the Gleaner ; was afterward assist, edi tor of the Political and Commercial Register of Phila. ; and subsequently, with his bro., estab lished in West Chester the Village Record, where, over the signature of " John Harwood," he made the paper very popular. He revived the silk-growing interest, and wrote the able report introduced by Gen. Van Rensselaer as chairman of the Congressional com. on agri culture. Author of a " History of Wyoming," 8vo, 1845. To the Gleaner he contrib. the cele brated essays entitled " From the Desk of Poor Robert the Scribe." Miner, THOMAS, M.D., b. Middletown, Ct., Oct. 15, 1777; d. Worcester, Ms., April 23, 1841. Y.C. 1796. Pres. Ct. Med. Soc. 1834-7. He practised first at Middletown, and was a founder of the Yale Med. Institute, and of the Ct. Retreat for the Insane. In 1 823, in connection with Dr. Wm. Tully, he pub. " Essays upon Fevers and other Medical Sub jects ; " in 1825 he pub. an account of Typhus Syncopalis. Dr. Miner contrib. to the period icals of the day biographical sketches of dis tinguished physicians of Ct., medical essays, and translations from French medical works. Dr. Williams has pub. his Autobiography. Minns, THOMAS, pub. of the Mercury, and editor of the N.E. Palladium, 1792-1828; d. Boston, 4 Apr. 1836, a. 62. Minor, BENJAMIN BLAKE, b. Tappahau- nock, Va., 1818. Educated at U. of Va., and Wm. and Mary Coll. (1838). Editor of new editions of Wythe s "Reports," with a Memoir, and of Hening and Mumford s "Reports Sup. Ct. of Appeals." Some years editor and pro prietor Southern Lit. Messenaer. Allibone. Minor, LUCIAN, b. Louisa Co., Va., 1802. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1823. Atty.-gen. of Va. for Louisa. Co. 1828-52. Has pub. many ad dresses, &c. ; contrib. to the Southern Lit. Mes senger, &c. ; author of a large portion of what relates to the civil duties of a J. P. in Davie s " Guide to Justices ; " added notes and preface to Call s " Va. Reports ; " and has condensed the 4 vols. of Hening and Mumford into one, adding subsequent decisions and enactments. His best known tract, " Reasons for abolishing the Liquor-Traffic," had a sale of 30,000. Allibone. Minor, WILLIAM THOMAS, LL.D. (Wesl. U. 1855), lawyer, gov. of Ct. 1855-7 ; b. Stanford, Ct. " 3 Oct. 1815. Y.C. 1834. 8 years in the State legisl. Consul-gen, to Ha vana 1864-7; judge Sup. Court of Ct. Minot, GEORGE, lawyer, b. Haverhill, Ms., Jan. 5, 1817; d. Reading, Ms., Apr. 16, 1858. H.U. 1836. Son of Judge Stephen. After completing his legal studies with Rufus Choate, he was adm. to the Suffolk bar in Apr. 1839 ; opened an office in Boston, and rose rapidly to distinction. Editor for 10 years of the U.S. Statutes at Large ; rendered valuable aid to Mr. Peters in the preparation of the first 8 vols. of the statutes pub. in 1848; reported the decisions of Judge Woodbury ; and pub. an edition of the 9 vols. of Eng. Admiralty Re ports in 1854. In 1844 he edited the valuable " Digest of the Decisions of the Sup. Ct. of Ms.," to which he added a Supplement in 1852. Necrology of H. U. Minot, GEORGE RICHARDS, judge, and 624 ]NIIT man of letters, b. Boston 22 Dec. 1758; d. there 2 Jan. 1802. H.U. 1778. Adm. to the bar in 1781 ; practised law successfully in Boston ; clerk of the house of reps. 1782-91 ; sec. of the convention which adopted the U. S. Constitution; app. judge of probate 1792 for Suffolk Co.; chief justice C.C.F. 1799; and judge of the Municipal Court of Boston, 1800-2. A founder of the Ms. Hist. Soc., and editor of 3 vols. of its Collections. He deliv ered the Oration at Boston 5 Mar. 1782; a Fu neral Eulogy on Washington in 1800 ; an Ad dress to the Charitable Fire Soc. in 1795; was the author of a " Hist, of the Insurrection in Ms." in 1786, and of a continuation of Hutchinson s "Hist, of Ms.," 2 vols. 1798- 1802, besides many fugitive pieces in the mag azines and newspapers. His son WILLIAM (H.U. 1802) has long been an eminent lawyer of Boston. See Memoir in Ms. Hist. Coils, viii. Minto, WALTER, LL.D., mathematician, b. Scotland, Sept. 6, 1753; d. Princeton, N.J., Oct. 21,1796. U. of Edinburgh. He became tutor of the two sons of George Johnstone, M.P., commiss. to this country 1778, and with them travelled over Europe. He came to Amer. in 17S6, and was prof, of math, in the Coll. of N. J. from 1787 to 1796. He pub. an "Irraug. Address on the Mathematical Scien ces," 1788 ; a work stating the claim of Napier as the discoverer of logarithms ; a demonstra tion of the path of the new planet ; and re searches into some parts of the theory of the planets, 8vo, 1783. Princeton Mag. i. 38-47. Minturn, ROBERT BOWNE, merchant and philanthropist, b. N.Y. City, Nov. 16, 1805; d. there Jan. 9, 1866. He received a good edu cation, but at 14 lost his father, and entered a counting-house. In 1825 he was admitted a partner in the house of Mr. Charles Green; and in 1830 to the house of Fish and Grinnell, since widely known as " Grinnell, Minturn, and Co." He was one of the first commiss. of emi gration ; an originator of the Association for improving the Condition of the Poor; and one of the founders of St. Luke Hospital. During the Rebellion, the state of his health compelled him to go to Europe, where all his energies were exerted in behalf of his country. Pres. of the Union League Club until his death. Minty, GEN. ROBERT H. G., b. Mayo, Ire land, 4 Dec. 1831. Served in the Brit, army in 1849-53; emig. to the U.S., and settled in Mich.; app. lieut.-col. 3d Mich. Cav. 1861; col. 4th, 21 July, 1862; brig.-gen. 1864; dis- ting. at New Madrid, Farmington, pursuit of Bragg, and in various minor engagements ; com. cav. brigade in 1863-5 ; disting. at Stone River, Chickamauga, and the Atlanta cam paign ; was in Kilpatrick s celeb, raid around Atlanta, and on many other battle-fields. Minuit, PETER, first gov. of New Nether lands, 1626-32; came from Wesel, Rhenish Prussia, ah. 1624. He had been deacon in the Walloon Church of Wesel. First gov. of New Sweden, (Del.) from 1638 to his d., at Christi ana, Del., in 1641. Mirabeau, BONIFACE RIQDETTI, Vicomte de, younirer bro. of the celebrated orator, b. 1754 ; d. Friburg, Oct. 1792. Col. of the regt. Touraine, serving under Rochambeau in Amer ica during the Revol. war. He was a man of wit and courage, and an opponent of the French revol., but was so bloated by drinking as to be nicknamed " Barrel Mirabeau." He emigrated in 1790, and joined the Royalist army on the Rhine. His celebrated brother was the author of " Considerations on the Order of Cincin- natus," 1784. Miramon, MIGUEL, a Mexican soldier, b. Mexico, 1830; executed as a traitor at Quere- taro, Mexico, June 19, 1867. Son of Gen. M., and was educated at the Chapultepec Military Acad. He served under Alvarez ; was made prisoner by Comonfort, but succeeded in making- his escape". Disting. for courage, rather than statesmanship, he became the nominal leader of the anti-liberal and clerical party ; and at tained the supreme com. of the revol. forces during the civil war of 1858-60. On Zuloaga s retirement from Mexico, Miramon became pres. While in this position, he forcibly took posses sion of a large sum of money belonging to British bondholders, and brought about the Mon-Almonte treaty with Spain; thus giving occasion for the intervention of Eng., France, and Spain in Mexico. He was defeated Aug. 13, 1860, and withdrew to Spain in 1861. Af ter the accession of Maximilian, his petition to return was finally granted ; and, joining the emperor, he was placed in high command. Miranda, FRANCISCO, a Spanish-Amer. revolutionist, b. Caracas, of which province his grandfather Avas gov., ab. 1750; d. Cadiz, July 14, 1816. At 20 he travelled on foot through a great portion of America, and was afterwards a col. in the corps destined to act with our French auxiliaries in the Revol. war. Visit ing the U.S. in 1783, he afterwards travelled on foot through Eng., France, Italy, and Spain. After an abortive attempt to free the Guati- malans from the Spanish yoke, he fled to Eu rope, presented his revol. projects to various courts; and in 1789 Catharine of Russia en deavored to engage him in her service. Con necting himself with the Girondists at Paris in 1792, he was sent on a mission to Eng. ; was a gen. of division, and second in com. in the army of Dumouriez ; and acquired high repute as an engineer and tactician at the siege of Maastricht and the battle of Nerwinde, but was imprisoned in consequence of his intrigues. Liberated in July, 1794, he was afterward ordered to leave France, but, returning, was in 1797, and again in 1804, expelled the country. In 1806-11 he was engaged in revol. projects in America, an;l in 1811 endeavored to establish a consular govt. at Caracas. Aided by citizens of Eng. and the U.S., he was gaining ground, when his plans were ruined by intestine disputes. Es caping to Carthagena, he was delivered by Boli var to the Spaniards, and passed the remainder of his days in a dungeon at Cadiz. He pos sessed great energy and sagacity ; was bold, active, intelligent, and full of resources. See History of his Attempt, Sfc., Boston, 12mo, 1808. Missroon, JOHN S., commo. U. S. N., b. S.C. 1810; d. Boston, 23 Oct. 1865. Mideh. 27 June, 1824; lieut. 31 Dec. 1833; com. 14 Sept. 1855 ; commo. 16 July, 1862 ; ordn. offi cer at the Boston Navy- Yard 1862. Mitchell, GEN. DAVID, Revol. officer, b. 625 IVLET 1742; d. Jamaica, Curab. Co., Pa., 25 May, 1818. He was a soldier in Bouquet s exped. 1764; was the friend of the Indian chief Logan ; was in 27 Indian encounters; and was 23 times a representative in the Pa. legisl. Mitchell, DAVID BRADIE, lawyer and statesman, b. Scotland, Oct. 22, 1766; d. Mil- ledgeville, Ga., Apr. 22, 1837. His uncle Dr. David Bradie, made prisoner at Savannah, d. from close confinement in a prisonship, leaving his property to Mitchell, who arrived at Savan nah in 1783 to take possession. He studied law; was in 1795 elected solicitor-gen, of Ga. ; was in 1796 a member of the legisl.; in 1804 became maj.-gen. of militia; and was gov. of the State in 1809-13 and 1815-17 ; afterwards agent to the Creek Indians, with whom, Jan. 22, 1818, he concluded a treaty. Mitchell, DONALD GRANT, author, b. Norwich, Ct., Apr. 1822. Y.C. 1841. His father was pastor of the Cong, church at Nor wich, and his grandfather was Stephen Mix Mitchell. After passing 3 years on a farm, he travelled extensively in Europe, returned home, and commenced the study of law in New York in 1846; and in 1847 pub., under the pseudo- nyme of " Ik Marvel," " Fresh Gleanings," giv ing his reminiscences of European travel. He spent several of the eventful months of 1848 in Paris and its environs, recording his experi ences in "The Battle Summer," N.Y. 1849. His satirical work, " The Lorgnette," was pub. in 2 vols. 1850. In the same year appeared his most popular work, " The Reveries of a Bachelor;" and in 1851 his "Dream-Life." In 1853-5 he was U.S. consul at Venice. On his return, in 1855, he settled on his farm near New Haven. His other works are, "Fudge Doings," a satire on American fashionable life, 1854 ; " My Farm of Edgewood," 1863 ; " Wet Days at Edgewood," 1864; "Seven Stories," 1865; "Doctor Johns," 1867; "Rural Stud ies." He has delivered several agric. ad dresses and lyceum lectures, and is engaged in writing the History of the Republic of Ven ice. Mitchell, ELISHA, D.D. (Ala. U. 1838), chemist, b. Washington, Ct., Aug. 19, 1793; lost his life on the Black Mountain, N.C., June 27, 1857. Y.C. 1813; tutor there in 1816-18. In 1817 he Avas elected prof, of mathematics in the U. of X.C. ; and in 1825 was transferred to the chair of chemistry. In 1821 he was ord. by the presbytery of Orange, and was an able preacher and biblical scholar. He was for some time State surveyor, and made a geolog. and topog. exploration of its territory ; con- trib. to the Journal of Science. Mitchell, JOHN, M.D., F.R.S., botanist, b Eng. ; d. there Mar. 1768. He came to Amer. ab. 1700; settled at Urbana, Va. ; and returned to Eng. ab. 1748. He paid particular attention to hybrid productions, and transmit ted much valuable information concerning plants to Linnaeus, who perpetuated his name by the " Jfitchella repens." Besides papers in the Philos. Trans., he pub. a work on Bot any, 4to, 1769; and is the supposed author of the map of N.A., pub, in 1755, pref. to a pam phlet, " The Contest in America." Some of his papers, including one on the Yellow-Fever 40 in Va. in 1737-42, are in the Med. and Philos Reg. vol. iv. Thacher. Mitchell, JOHN, Cong, clergyman, and author, b. Chester, Ct., Dec. 29, 1794; d. Stratford, Ct., Apr. 28, 1870. Y.C. 1821. He studied 9 months at And. Theol. Sem. ; edited the Christian Spectator in 1824-9 ; began to preach in Newtown, Ct. ; was pastor of the 1st Church in Fairhaven, Ct., from Dec. 1830 to Dec. 6, 1836, and from that time till 1842 of the Edwards Church, Northampton, Ms. He pub. " Principles and Practice of the Cong. Churches of N. Eng.," 16mo, 1838; "Notes from Over Sea," 2 vols. 8vo, 1844; "Scenes and Characters in College," 12mo, 1847; "My Mother, or Recollections of Ma ternal Influence ; " " Rachel Kell ; " and " Prac tical Church-Member," 1835. He also pub. occasional sermons and contrib. to periodicals and newspapers. Mitchel, JOHN, an Irish adventurer, b. Co. Deny, 1815. He was for a time assoc. editor of the Dublin Nation, and then of the United Irishman, which, however, was soon suppressed by the British gort. ; and Mitchel was banished for 14 years to Australia. He escaped in 1 854 ; came to New York ; afterward edited the South ern Citizen in Tenn. ; and, during the Rebel lion of 1861-5, edited the Richmond Exam iner, one of the most virulent and scurrilous of the Secession journals. Mitchell, JOHN KEARSLEY, M.D., phy sician, b. Shepherdstown, Va., May 12, 1796 ; d. Phila. Apr. 4, 1858. U. of Pa. 1819. He made 3 voyages to China as surgeon, and set tled in Phila. in 1822. In 1824 he lectured on the Institutes of Medicine and Physiology in the Phila. Institute; in 1826 he accepted the chair of chemistry there ; and in 1 833 lectured in the Franklin Institute on Chemistry applied to the Arts. In 1841 he was called to the chair of the theory and practice of medicine in the Jeff. Med. Coll. His services during seasons of pestilence, in the city hospital of Phila., were twice rewarded by municipal gifts. Author of " Indecision and other Poems," 1839 ; " Popular Lectures on Scientific Subjects," which were translated into several foreign languages; and left a work, " On the Cryptogamous Origin of Malarious and Epidemical Fevers," and many valuable contribs. to the American Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences. A collec tion of his essays, including a valuable paper on Animal Magnetism, was pub. in Phila. 1858. Appleton. Mitchell, JONATHAN, minister of Cam bridge, Ms., from Aug. 21, 1650, to his d. July 9, 1668; b. Halifax, Eng., 1624. H.U. 1647. His father Matthew brought him to N.E. in 1 635. Soon after his settlement, he had a con troversy with Pres. Dunster upon pedobaptism, which occasioned his removal from college ; he was a member of the synod at Boston in 1662, the result of which was chiefly written by him ; and was frequently called to eccl. councils. He possessed a retentive memory, and was a fer vent and energetic preacher. He pub. some occasional pieces : a vol. of his sermons was pub. Lond. 1677, 8vo. Mitchell, MARIA, astronomer, b. Nan- tucket, Aug. 1,1818; a member of the Society 626 MIT j e Friends. From her father Wm. (who d. 1 Apr. 1869, a. 75) she derived a fondness for astronomy, and became of material assistance to him in" tliis pursuit, to which he was devot ed; she gave much time to the examination <*f nebulas, and the search for comets; Oct. 1, 1847,. she discovered a telescopic comet, for which she received a gold medal from the King of Denmark ; she was afterwards employed in observations connected with the coast-survey, and in the compilation of the nautical almanac. She is a member of the American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, and also of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, being the first female admitted to that body; app. prof, of astronomy at Vassar College soon after its opening in 1 865. Mitchell, NAHUM, judge, b. E. Bridge- water, Ms., Feb. 12, 1769; d. Aug. 1, 1853. H.U. 1789. -He taught school, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1792, and settled in the practice of the law in his native place. From 1811 to 1821 he was judge of the circuit C. C. P., and the two last years chief justice ; from 1798 to 181 2 representative in the General Court; M.C. 1803-5; State senator 1813-14; member of the exec, council in 1814-20; state treasurer in 1822-7; and in 1839-40 State representative from Boston, where he then re sided ; app. one of the commiss. for settling the boundary-lines between Ms. and R. I., and afterwards for settling the line between Ms. and Ct. ; was chairman of the commiss. for ex ploring and surveying the country from Bos ton to Albany for a railroad route, 1 827 ; and was librarian and treasurer of the Ms. Hist. Soc; he was also several years pres. of the Bible Society in Plymouth Co. He pub. a History of Bridgewater, Ms., 1840, 8vo; and a vol. of sacred music, entitled " The Bridge- water Collection." Mitchel, GEN. ORMSBY MACKNIGHT, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 185G), astronomer, b. Union Co., Ky., Aug. 28, 1810; d. Beaufort, S.C., Oct. 30, 1862. West Point, 1829. lie received his early education at Lebanon, O. ; assist, prof, of mathematics at West Point in 1 829-3 1 ; then studied law, and practised at Cincinnati until 1834; and was prof, of mathe matics, philos., and astronomy, in Cincinnati Coll., in 1 834-44. In 1845 he proposed the es tablishment of an observatory at Cincinnati, of which, when built, he became director. He visited Lond., Paris, and Munich, for the re quisite apparatus. Adj.-gen. of Ohio 1847-8, chief engineer Ohio and Mpi. Railroad 1848- 9 and 1852-3. In 1859-61 he was director of the Dudley Observatory at Albany. He was very popular as an astronomical lecturer, and perfected instruments for recording right ascen sions and declinations by electro-magnetic aid, and for the accurate measurement of large dif ferences of declination. Aug. 9, 1861, he was made brig.-gen. of vols., and ordered to the dept. of the Ohio ; after the capture of Nash ville, he made a forced march southward, seized the railroad between Corinth and Chattanooga, captured Huntsville, and occupied various points in Northern Ala., for which he was made maj.-gen Apr. 11 , 1862 ; Sept. 17 he was made com. of the dept. of the South, and was making preparations for a vigorous campaign when he fell a victim to yellow-fever. He pub. "Planetary and Stellar Worlds;" "Populai Astronomy ; " "A Treatise on Algebra ; f "Astronomy of the Bible," 1863 ; " The Orb* of Heaven/* 8vo, 1851. July 1, 1846, he be- gan and continued for two years a periodical entitled the Sidereal Messenger. Mitchell, GEX. ROBERT B., gov. New Mexico since Nov. 1865, b. Richland Co., O., 1828. Wash. Coll., Pa. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar. Served as 1 st lieut. of Ohio Vols. in the Mexican war ; afterward resumed his profession; removed to Kansas in 1856, and took an active part with the free-state men in their struggle with the proslavery party; he was in the Terr, legisl. in 1857-8 ; treasurer from 1858 to 1861 ; adj.-gen. 1860-1 ; col. id Kansas Vols., and severely wounded at Wilson s Creek, and soon after raised a regt. of cavalry ; brig.-gen. Apr. 8, 1862, and placed in com. of the 13th division of Gen. BuelPs army; and fought at Perry ville, 8 Oct. 1862. Mitchell, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS, geogra pher, b. Ct. 1 792 ; d. Phila. Dec, 20, 1 868. Some years of teaching led him to prepare better text books of geography than those in use; and his text-books, maps, and treatises became standard authorities. He also pub. " General View of the World," 8vo, 1846; "American Traveller; " "Universal Atlas," 1851. His various works, 24 in number, reached an annual sale of over 400,000 copies. Mitchell, S. WEIR, M.D. (Jeff. Mcd. Coll. 1850), physician, son of Dr. J. K. Mitchell, b. Phila. 15 Feb. 1829. Particularly known by his researches respecting the venom of serpents, pub. in the Smithsonian Contribs., and in the Memoirs of the Philos. Society; also "Re searches on the Physiology of the Cerebellum," in Amer. Jour. Med. Science, Apr. 1869. He pub., with Drs. Keen and Morehouse, "Ef fects of Gunshot Wounds," &c., 1864 ; " Anat. and Physiol. of Respiration in the Chelonia," in Smithsonian Contribs., vol. 13; and "Five Essays on the Cryptogamous Origin of Ma larious and Epidemic Fevers," 1 2mo. Mitchell, STEPHEN Mix, LL.D. (Y.C. 1807), jurist, b. Wethersfield, Dec. 20, 1743 ; d. there Sept. 30, 1835. Y.C. 1763. Hewastutor in the coll. 1766-9; commenced the practice of law in Wethersfield in 1772 ; was app. assoc. judge of tbe Hartford Co. Court in 1779; in 1790 was made pres. judge of that court; in 1795 judge of the Superior Court of Ct. ; chief justice of that court from 1807 till 1814 ; deleg. to the Old Congress in 1783, 85 ; U.S. senator 1793-5; and established in that body the title of Ct. to the " Western Reserve, " Ohio. Mitchill, SAMUEL LATHAM, M.D. (U. of Edinb. 1786), LL.D., scientist, b. N. Hemp- stead, L.I., 20 Aug., 1764; d. N. Y. City, 7 Sept. 1831. He began his medical studies with his maternal uncle Dr. S. Latham, and Dr. BardofN.Y. After studying law, he was in 1788 a commiss. to treat with the Iroquois In dians for the purchase of lands in Western N.Y. ; was a member of the N.Y. legisl. in 1790 ; and in 1792 became prof, of chemistry, nat. hist., and philos., in Col. Coll.; in 1793-4, 1VXIT 627 with R. R. Livingston and Simeon De "Witt, lie founded the Soc. for the Promotion of Agri culture, Manufactures, and the Useful Arts; and in 1796 pub. a report of his tour along the banks of the Hudson, establishing his fame here and in Europe ; in Aug. 1797, with Drs. E. Miller and E. H. Smith, he established the quarterly Med. Repository, which he edited 16 years. Again a member of the legisl. ; M.C. 1801-4 and 1810-13 ; and U.S. senator 1804- 9 ; prof, of nat. hist, in Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons 1808-20; of botany and materia medica 1820-6 ; and in 1826-30 was vice-pres. of the Rutgers Med. School; in 1815, he, with Drs. Hosack and Hugh Williamson, founded the N.Y. Literary arid Philos. Soc. He had great learning and a remarkable memory ; en larged the boundaries of natural science ; was an early friend of Fulton, whom in 1807 he ac- comp. in his first steamboat-trip on the Hud son ; was an active member of most of the learned societies of Europe and America, and a contrib. to their " Transactions ; " and was frequently the orator at the anniversaries of those of "his own city. His eccentricities were satirized in the poems of " Croaker and Co." by Halleck and Drake. Among his writings are "Observations on the Absorbent Tubes of Animal Bodies," 1787; " Nomenclature of the New Chemistrv," 1794 ; "Present State of Learning in the Coll. of N.Y.," 1794 ; "Life of Tammany," 1795; "Synopsis of Chemical Nomenclature," 1801; " History of the Botani cal Writers of America," in N.Y. Hist. Colls. ; and treatise on the Fishes of N.Y., in the Trans, of the N.Y. Lit. and Philos. Soc. ; be sides addresses, &c. Gross s Med. JBiog. Mitre, BARTHOLOMEW, president of the Argentine Republic 1862-8, b. 26 June, 1821. Spent some years in Peru and Chili as a jour nalist ; and, returning to Buenos Ayres, held offices under Obligado and Alsina, and disting. himself as an orator in the Assembly. He led the insurrection against Gen. Rosas in 1851 ; com. of the forces of Buenos Ayres in 1852; became minister of war in 1859 ; led the army against Urquiza, and lost the battle of Cepeda, Oct. 23 ; made gov. of Buenos Ayres in May, 1860; and July 9 brig. -gen. ; Sept. 17 he gained the battle of Pavon over Urquiza ; re ceived the adhesion of the province of Cordova, and entered Rosario with 12,000 men. Presi dent Derqui, being powerless between the two generals, abdicated ; a few months later, Mitre made a treaty with Urquiza, leaving him the govt. of the province of Entre Rios ; and was aop. prov. gov. of the Arg. Repub. Oct. 1861. He opened the 9th provincial legisl. at Buenos Ayres 1 May, 1862 ; and was unanimously el-osen pres. 5 Oct. 1862. Molina, FELIPE, statesman of Central America, son of Pedro, b. Guatimala, 1812; d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 1, 1855. He was a member of the liberal party, and had held several political offices ; but, fortune having de cided against the party of Federation, Molina and his father took refuge in Costa Rica. In 1848 he was app. envoy-extr. to Nicaragua; was subsequently sent in the same character to Eng., France, Spain, Rome, and the Hanseatic towns; and, while accredited to the U.S., nego tiated a commercial treaty. He pub. in various languages sketches of Costa Rica, and reports respecting the boundary and navigation ques tions between that republic and Nicaragua. Molina, GIOVANNI IONAZIO, naturalist, b. Chili, 1740, lived many years at Bologna; d. 1829. Author of "Essay on the Natural History of Chili," 1782 ; and a " Civil History of Chili," 1787, transl. "by an Amer. gentle man" (Alsop), and pub. at Middletown, Ct., 8vo, 1808. Molina, PEDRO, an able writer and states man, b. Guatimala, 1777; d. ab. 1850. He advocated by his writings constitutional prin ciples in Central America before the assertion of the independence of his country ; was one of the leaders of the liberal party, and a strenu ous supporter of reforms and free institutions during a long and active life. He was one of the first members of the national executive in 1823; in 1825 he was ambassador of the U.S. of Central America to Colombia, where he signed a treaty of alliance between the two countries; in 1826 he was the representative of Central America in the Congress of Pana ma; in 1829 gov. of Guatiraala; in 1832 and 1833 sec. of foreign affairs; and in 1848 dept. to the const, assembly. He was disting. as a physician, politician, and poet. For many years he was pres. of the medical faculty, and chief director of the U. of Guatimala. Momberger, WILLIAM, artist, b. Frank- fort-on-the-Main, 1829. Son of a merchant, and was well educated. He took lessons in art of Jacob Becker of the Dusseldorf school ; and, having taken part in the revol. of 1848, was obliged to leave Germany; came to N.Y., and became a skilful chromo-lithographer. He afterward gave his attention to the illustrating of books, and erected a studio at Morrisania. Among his paintings is " Sugar-loaf Moun tain," near Winona, Wis. Monagas, JOSE TADEO, a Venezuelan sol dier, b. ab. 1786 ; d. Nov. 18, 1868. He fought under Bolivar for S. American independence with disting. bravery and talent. His services having been ignored by Paez, pres. of Vene zuela, he headed an insurrection, which was quelled ; a second ambitious attempt against Vargas meeting a similar fate. Elected pres. in 1846, he overthrew the constitution in 1848 ; drove Paez into exile; and was dictator 11 years, and until overthrown by a successful revol. in 1859. He led the insurrectionary force which overthrew Pres. Falcon, and assumed the office of provis. pres; but died before he could be elected to the supreme office. He was remarkable for his soldierly qualities, and possessed great wealth. Monck, CHARLES STANLEY, viscount, gov.-gen. of British N.A., b. Templemore. Ireland, 10 Oct. 1819. Educated at Trinity Coll., Dublin. Called to the Irish bar in 1841*; succeeded his father as 4th viscount in 1849 ; entered parliament in 1852 ; was a lord of the treasury in Palmerston s administration 1855- 7; and in Oct. 1861 was made gov.-gen.; re-app. gov. of the " Dominion " of Canada, June, 1867 ; resigned Nov. 1868 ; made a peer of the United Kingdom in 1866. Monckton, GEN. ROBERT, gov. N. Y 628 1 762, b. Eng. ; d. May 3, 1 782. Son of John, Krst Viscount Galway. He began his military career in Flanders in 1742, and was at Dettin- gen and in other engagements. Lieut. -col. 47th, Feb. 28, 1750; stationed at Halifax in 1753, he suppressed the riots among the Ger mans at Lunenburg ; was gov. of Annapolis Royal in 1754 ; in June, 1755, com. at the re duction of Beausejour and other French posts at the Isthmus ; lieut.-gov. of Nova Scotia 1756; in 1757 made lieut.-col. 60th (Roy. Amer.), and attached to London s army ; com. a batt. at the siege of Louisburg under Am- herst in 1758; and in 1759 as brig.-gen., and second in com. under Wolfe at the capture of Quebec, was severely wounded, and made col. 17th Foot; maj.-gen. 1761 ; lieut.-gen. 1770. He com. the exped. which captured Martinico in Jan. 1762; was made gov. of Berwick in 1766; of Portsmouth in 1778, and represented it in parliament. Offered a coin, in the Amer. war, he declined to draw his sword against the Americans. A bro., Hon. HENRY, who had no such scruples, was a lieut.-col. of grenadiers, was shot through the body at Long Island, and killed at the battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778. Moncrieff, COL. JAMES, killed in a sally made by the French from Dunkirk, Sept. 7, 1793. Eldest son of James, of the county of Fife. Educated at the Military Acad. at Woolwich ; and was a capt. of engrs. in N.Y. in 1776 ; disting. himself at the siege of Savan nah ; and, for his important services on this occasion, received a " generous donation from his royal master," and the commission of lieut.- col. Sept. 27, 1780. He planned the works in the siege of Charleston in 1780, and was warmly commended by Sir H. Clinton for skill and good conduct. Monette, JOHN WESLEY, M.D., author of a " History of the Discovery and Settle ment of the Valley of the Mpi.," 2 vols. 1848 ; d. Madison Parish, La., Mar. 1, 1851. Monis, JUDAH, Hebrew instr. at H.U. from 1722 to 1761, b. Italy, Feb. 4, 1683; d. Northborough, Ms., Apr. 25, 1764. Embra cing Christianity, he was baptized at Cambridge in 1722. He pub. "Truth, Whole Truth, Nothing but the Truth," 1722 ; and a Hebrew Grammar, 4to, 1735. Monroe, JAMES, 5th pres. of the U.S., b. on the Potomac, Westmoreland Co., Va., Apr. 28, 1758; d. N.Y. City, July 4, 1831. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1776. So n of Spence Monroe, a planter. He was descended from one of the first patentees of the Province. At 18 he joined the patriot army as a cadet in Mercer s regt. ; was engaged at the battles of Harlem and White Plains ; and at Trenton received a bullet-wound, which scarred him for life. Pro moted to a captaincy for bravery, he in 1777-8 acted as aide to Lord Stirling ; and was disting. at the battles of Brandywino, Germantown, and Monmouth. In 1 778 he studied law under Jefferson, but performed important military services when Va. was invaded. As military commissioner for Va., he in 1780 visited the Southern army under De Kalb. In 1782 he was a member of the State Assembly; soon after was one of the exec, council; and in 1783- 6, a delegate to Congress; in 1786 he became a member of the legisl. ; and in 1788 a delegate- to the State Convention to adopt the Consti tution, which he opposed; from 1790 to 1794 he was a U.S. senator, and an opponent of Washington s administration. He was then app. minister to France, but was recalled in 1796. Having incurred the censure of the administration for not vindicating at the French court the British treaty, he pub. (8vo, 1798) the whole corresp., with 100 pages of prelimi nary observations. From 1799 to 1802 he was gov. of Va; in 1802 he was app. envoy -extra, to France, and was a party to the purchase of La.; in 1803 he was app. minister to Eng.; in 1805 he was associated with C. C. Pinckney in a negotiation with Spain ; and in 1807, with William Pinkney, he negotiated a commercial treaty with Eng., which Jefferson rejected be cause it did not provide against impressment. Returning home in 1808, he was again elected to the State Assembly in 1810; was gov. in 1811; was sec. of state from Nov. 25, 1811, till his inauguration as pres., Mar. 4, 1817, having also officiated as sec. of war from Sept. 27, 1814, to Mar. 2, 1815; and was re-elected pres. in 1821. In May-Nov. 1817 he made a tour of inspection of our frontier defences from Portland to Detroit, the results of which were pub. 8vo, 1818. His administration was ener getic, harmonious, and prosperous ; the army and navy were strengthened ; surveys and plans of fortifications were made ; the cession of Florida from Spain was obtained ; the in dependent States of S. Amer. were recognized ; and the bold declaration, known as the " Mon roe Doctrine," was made to the world, that European interference in respect to American States would not be tolerated. Vigorous ef forts were also made to suppress the slave- trade ; pensions for the Revol. soldiers were voted ; and an acknowledgment was made of the great services of Lafayette. In 1831 he quitted his residence in Loudon Co., Va., and took up his abode with his son-in-law, Samuel L. Gouverneur. His wife, the dau. of Law rence Kortwright, d. at his residence in Loudon Co., Va., Sept. 23, 1830. Montagu, GEORGE, admiral, b. Dec. 12, 1750; d. Dec. 24, 1829. Eldest son of Adm. John. Educated at the Royal Naval. Acad. Having attained the rank of post-captain in 1773, he was employed at the commencement of the American war in blockading the ports of Marblehead and Salem. He covered the embarkation of the army at the evacuation of Boston ; assisted in the evasion of Lord Dunmore and family, and at the taking of N. Y., where his vessel, "The Fowey," was stationed by Lord Howe as the advanced ship ; was in 1794 promoted to a flag ; in 1801 made a full admiral. Montcalm, MARQUIS DE, Louis JOSEPH, SAINT VERAN, a celebrated French gen., b. near Nismes, 1712; d. Sept. 14, 1759. De scended from a noble family of Rouergue. After receiving a careful education, he entered the military service in his 15th year ; disting. himself particularly at the battle of Placenza in 1746, and that of Exiles in Piedmont, 1747, in both of which he was wounded. In 1756, 629 with the rank of maj.-gen., he was sent to Can ada as com.-in-chief ; took Fort Ontario at Os- wego, Aug. 14 ; Fort Win. Henry, on Lake George, Aug. 9, 1757 ; and received the cross of St. Louis, and was made a lieut.-gen. Gained a complete victory over Abercrombie at Ticonderoga, July 8, 1758 ; repulsed Wolfe at Montmorenci, July 31, 1759, but finally fell gloriously under the walls of Quebec, which he had so well defended in the battle with Wolfe, Sept. 13. After receiving one musket-ball early in the action, he was mortally wounded while attempting to rally a body of fugitive Canadians. On being told that his death was near, " So much the better, he said : I shall not live to see the surrender of Quebec." He died the next morning; and his death was followed by the loss of all Canada. A public monu ment to the memory of both Wolfe and Mont- calm was erected at Quebec in 1827. Montefiore, JOSHUA, author, b. London, 1752; d. St. Alban s, Vt., June 26, 1843. Some time an atty. and notary public in Lon don. He pub. a " Commercial Dictionary," Lond. 4to, 1803; "Commercial Precedents," Phila. 8vo, 1803; a work on the Bankrupt Laws ; " Synopsis of Mercantile Laws," 2d Amor. ed. by C. C. Biddle, 8vo, 1830. Montez, Lola, MARIA DOLORES, PORRIS Y MONTEZ, Countess of Landsfeld, b. Lim erick, Ireland, 1824; d. N.Y. Jan. 17, 1861. At 15 she was m. to Capt. James at Dublin, but quitted him on account of his cruelty to her; app. as adanseuse at Paris in 1840 ; after wards at Munich, where she fascinated King Louis, over whom she exerted a powerful in fluence, and who in 1846 made her Countess of Landsfeld. She was in 1848 obliged to leave the country. Came to the U.S. in the same ship with Kossuth. Made her d&but, Dec. 29, 1851, at the Broadway, N.Y., as Betty in " The Tyrolean." Afterward lec tured on Spiritualism and other subjects in the U.S. and Eng. Author of 3 works of little merit. Montezuma I., the greatest of the Mex ican monarchs ; d. 1471. He ascended the throne ab. 1436; was victorious over many of the Mexican tribes, and added numerous provinces to his empire. Montezuma II., the last of the Aztec emperors, b. ab. 1480; killed June 30, 1520. In 1519, when Cortes arrived on the coast, and expressed his intention of visiting the emperor in his capital, Montezuma sent him a rich present, but forbade his farther advance. His despotic govt. had procured him many ene mies, who willingly joined Cortes, and assist ed him in his progress to Mexico ; and he as signed quarters to the Spaniards in the town of Cholula, where he plotted their destruction. His plot being discovered, a massacre of the Cholulans followed ; and Cortes, in Nov., en tered the capital without resistance. He next seized Montezuma, and kept him as a hostage. He was at first treated with respect, which was toon, changed to insult; carried so far, that fet ters were put on his legs. When Cortes, with a great part of his forces, marched out to op pose Narvaez, the Mexicans rose, and furiously attacked the Spaniards who remained. The return of Cortes alone saved them from de struction ; and hostilities were still going on, when Montezuma was induced to advance to the battlements of the Spanish fortress in his royal robes, and attempt to pacify his subjects : this excited their indignation against him, and, being struck on the temple with a stone, he fell to the ground. From motives of policy, every attention was paid him by Cortes ; but, rejecting all nourishment, he tore off his ban dages, and soon after expired, spurning every attempt at conversion. His 2 sons and 3 daus. were converted ; and Charles V. gave a grant of lands, and the title of Count of Montezuma, to one of his sons, who was the founder of a noble family in Spain. One of the counts of Montezuma was viceroy of Mexico from 1697 to 1701. Montgomerie, JOHN, gov. of N.Y. from his arrival there, 4 Apr. 1728, to his death, 1 July, 1731 ; b. Ayrshire, Scotland. Bred a soldier, he was at one time an aide to George II., and groom of the bed-chamber, and several years a member of parliament. Montgomery, GEORGE W., author, b. Valencia, Spain, 1804 ; d. June 5, 1841, at Washington, D.C. John his father, a citizen of the US., was many years a merchant at Alicant, Spain. He came in early life to this country, and was long employed in the dept. of state, and had been U.S. consul at Tampico and at Porto Rico. He is best known by his historical novel "Bernardo del Carpio." He translated Irving s "Conquest ( of Granada" into Spanish, contrib. to the South. Lit. Messen ger and other periodicals, and pub. a narrative of a journey to Guatiraala in 1838, 8vo, 1839. Montgomery, JOHN B., rear-adm. U.S. N., b. N. J. Midshipm. June 4, 1812 ; lieut. Apr. 1, 1818; com. Dec. 9, 1839; capt. Jan. 6,1853; commo. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. (retired list) July 25, 1866 ; served on Lake Ontario, in attack on Kingston, U.C., Nov. 10, 1812; capture of York Apr. 27, and of Fort George and Newark May 27, 1813 ; in " The Niagara," in Perry s victory on Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813, receiving a sword and the thanks of Congress ; in Decatur s squad, in the Medit. in 1815 ; and participated in the cap ture of Algerine frigate and brig, and block, of Algiers ; com. sloop " Portsmouth," Pacific squad., 1845-8. During the cruise of "The Portsmouth " in the Pacific, he took possession of California, and blockaded Mazatlan some months. In Oct. 1847, he, with Capt, Lava- lette, in "The Congress," captured Guayamas on the Gulf of California ; com. Pacific squad. 1860-1; d. Carlisle, Pa., Mar. 25, 1873. Montgomery, GEN. RICHARD, b. Convoy House, near Raphoe, Ireland, Dec. 2, 1736; slain in the attack on Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775. His father (Thomas) was M. P. for Lifford. Educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin. He entered the army at the age of 1 8 ; and, at the siege of Louisburg, his courage and capacity won the approval of Wolfe. After its fall, his regt. (17th) formed part of the force sent in 1759 with Amherst to reduce the French forts on Lake Champlain ; and Montgomery became adj. of his regt. 15 May, 1760, and was in the army that marched upon Montreal under Col. IMOIsT 630 moo Haviland ; capt. in May, 1762. He served in the campaign against the Spanish W. Indies ; resided for a time in this country, but revisited Eng., where, in 1772, he sold out his commis sion, and came to America. In 1773 he pur chased an estate at Rhinebeck on the Hudson, and m. the dau. of R. R. Livingston. He rep resented Dutchess Co. in the first Prov. con vention in 1775 ; received in June the app. of brig.-gen. from Congress ; and was second in com. under Schuyler in the exped. against Canada. The illness of Schuyler threw the chief com. upon him in Oct. ; and notwith standing the scanty supplies of munitions of war, and the mutinous spirit of his troops, he captured St. Johns, Chambly, and Montreal, and finally effected a junction with Arnold before the walls of Quebec, Dec. 4. He was (Dec. 9, 1775) made a maj.-gen. Quebec was immediately invested; though the army was in adequate, and on the point of mutiny, their guns few in number, and insufficient in size, and they disheartened by severe cold arid protracted marches. At a council of officers, it was deter mined to attempt to capture the place by a coup de main. The assault took place early in the morning of the last day of the year, in the midst of a snow-storm, and would probably have been successful but for the fall of the gal lant leader, who, with two of his aides, was killed by the first and only discharge from a battery upon which they were advancing. His troops, disheartened by his fall, retreated. His death was regarded as a great public calamity ; and public honors were paid him throughout the land. He was eulogized in the British par liament by Chatham, Burke, and Barre, and even by Lord North. Congress voted to erect a monument to his memory, which was placed in front of St. Paul s Church, N. Y. City. Montgomery s widow survived him more than half a century. His brother Alexander, com monly called "Black Montgomery," was in parliament for Donegal Co. many years. Monts, PIERRE DU GDAST, SIETJR DE, a French colonizer of Acadia. He was gentlc- man-in-ordinary of the king s chamber, and gov. of Pons, and had been to the St. Law rence with Chauvin, when in 1604 he received a grant of Acadie, a region defined as extend ing from the 40th to the 46th dcg. N. lat. ; and was made lieut.-gen. in Acadie, with vice-regal powers. Accomp. by Poutrincourt and Cham- plain, he set sail 7 Apr. 1604, discovered An napolis Harbor, explored the Bay of Fundy, visited and named the River St. John, and, planting his colony on an islet at the mouth of the River St. Croix, wintered there, but in the following Aug. removed to Port Royal, where he began a settlement. He soon afterward re turned to France, leaving the com. to Pont- grave, and despatched another ship with sup plies for the Colony in May, 1806; but, his monopoly having been rescinded in 1607, he abandoned an enterprise from which he had reaped no benefit. Moody, JAMES, loyalist, b. N. J. ; d. Sissi- bon, Nova Scotia, Apr. 3, 1809, a. 65. He was n farmer in N. J. at the outset of the war, and . ias left a written account of his celebrated par tisan warfare in a pamphlet pub. in Lond. in 1783, entitled "Lieut. James Moody s Narra tive of his Exertions and Sufferings in the Cause of Govt. since the Year 1776." A new edition, ed. by Charles I. Bushneli, was pub. N.Y. 1865. He was taken and imprisoned at West Point, but subsequently escaped. After the war, went to Eng., and settled on his half- pay in N.S., where he was a col. of militia. Duyckinck. Moody 9 JOSHUA, minister of Portsmouth, N.H., b. Eng. 1633 ; d. Boston, July 4, 1697. H. U. 1653. Ord. 11 July, 1671. William his father settled in Newbury in 1634. Joshua began to preach ab. 1658. His regard for the purity and reputation of his church having brought upon him the enmity of Gov. Cran- field, he was imprisoned, but was shortly re leased upon condition that he would preach no more in N.H. May 23, 1684, he became assist, minister of the First Church, Boston, and was invited to take charge of H.U., but declined. During the witchcraft troubles in 1692, he opposed the unjust and violent meas ures toward the imagined offenders, and aided Philip English and his wife to escape from prison. His zeal in this matter occasioned his dismission from his church ; and he passed the rest of his life in Portsmouth. Author of " Communion with God," 12mo, 1685 ; Election Sermon, 1692. Moody, PAUL, mechanician, b. By field, Ms., 23 May, 1779; d. Lowell, July 7, 1831. Descended from Wm. Moody. Obtained a common-school education ; worked a while in a woollen-factory in his native town; and, at tracting by his talent the attention of the cele brated inventor Jacob Perkins, he intrusted him with his machine-shop. He took charge of the cotton-factory at Waltham ab. 1813; and when similar establishments were com menced at Lowell, ab. 1824, his valuable ser vices were transferred to those. He made several important inventions, among them the dead spindle and the governor. See Sketches of the Moody Family. Moody, SAMUEL, minister of York, Me., b. Newbury, Ms., Jan. 4, 1676; d. Nov. 13, 1747. H.U. 1697. Ord. Dec. 29, 1700. He was an eccentric but very useful man. Though deriving his support from voluntary contribu tions, he was very charitable and benevolent. Chaplain to Pepperrell s Cape Breton expcd. 1745. He pub. "The Doleful State of the Damned," 1710; "Account of the Life and Death of Joseph Quasson, an Indian," &c. Moody, SAMUEL, 30 years an eminent teacher at Dummer Acad., b. Apr. 18, 1725; d. Exeter, Dec. 14, 1795. H.U. 1746. Son of Rev. J. of York, where he began teaching. Many dis- ting. men were his pupils. Moody Family. Mooers, GEN. BENJAMIN, b. Haverhill, Ms., Apr. 1, 1758; d. Plattsburg, N.Y., Feb. 20, 1838. Entering an ensign in the Revol. army, he was at the surrender of Burgoyne and of Cornwallis, serving in the capacity of licut. and adj. in Hazen s regt. to the end of the war. In 1783 he settled in the vicinity of Plattsburg. then a wilderness ; held various offices ; was 8 years in the N.Y. legisl. ; was maj.-gen. of militia, and com. as such at the battle of Plattsburg, Sept. 11, 1814. MIOO 631 M:OO Moore, ALFRED, jurist, b. Brunswick Co., N.C., May 21, 1755 ; d. Belfont, N.C., Oct. 15, 1810. Son of Judge Maurice. Educated in Boston, where he also acquired a knowledge of military tactics. In 1775 he joined the Cont. troops of N.C., with the rank of capt. ; and, when the British seized Wilmington, he raised a, troop of vols., with whom he did good ser vice. The war left him penniless, and with out any means of supporting his family. In 1790 the Assembly elected him atty.-gen. of the State, although he was no lawyer, and had never in his life read a law-book. By study, as well as by careful observation, he mastered the intricacies of judicial science, and soon be came an ornament of the bar. In 1798 he was promoted to the bench of the State ; and in 1799 -1805 ^as an assoc. justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, ALFRED his son, b. Brunswick Co., N.C., 1783, d. July 28, 1837. He possessed splendid talents, was learned and eloquent, and was for many years a member as well as speak er of the h. of delegates. Moore, GEN. ANDREW, soldier and states man, b. Va. ; d. May, 1821. He served in the battle of Point Pleasant, Oct. 10, 1774. M.C. 1789-97 and 1803-4 ; U.S. senator 1804-9. Moore, BENJAMIN, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1789), Prot.-Ep. bishop of N.Y., b. Newtown, L.I., Oct. 16, 1748; d. Greenwich, N.Y., Feb. 27, 1816. Col. Coll. 1768. In May, 1774, he went to England to obtain orders and in June was ord. deacon and priest by the bishop of Lon don ; he was settled assist, minister of Trinity Church, N.Y., on his return; became rector Dec. 22, 1800 ; and consecrated bishop Sept. 11, 1801. In 1784-7 he was prof, of logic and rhetoric in Col. Coll.; and in 1801-11 pres. of that institution. He was an accom plished scholar and preacher. A collection of his sermons was pub. after his death by his son C. C. Moore, 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1824. Moore, CHARLES WHITLOCK, a promi nent Freemason, b. Boston, 29 Mar. 1801. He received a good education; entered the Mason ic order in 1822, attaining the highest degrees, and was Recording G.S. of the G.L. of Ms. 34 years. He ably defended the order in the days of its persecution (1827-34) ; pub. the Masonic Mirror in 1825 ; in 1828 the Amaranth, after ward merged in the Bunker-hill Aurora ; and in 1841 began, and conducted the Free Mason s Monthly Ma;/, till his d. In 1 823 he issued the first No. of Zion s Herald. He pub. Lawrie s " Hist, of Freemasonry," with notes and addi tions, 18mo, 1829; and "Masonic Trestle- Board," 1843; d. W. Concord, Dec. 12, 1873. Moore, CLEMENT CLARKE, LL.D., scholar, b. New York, July 15, 1779; d. New port, B.I., July 10, 1863. Son of Bishop Moore. Col. Coll. 1798. He studied Hebrew ; was app. prof, of biblical learning in the Prot.- Ep. Sem. in N.Y. in Dec. 1821 ; app. prof, of Hebrew and Greek lit., afterwards changed to Oriental and Greek lit. To this institution he gave the large plot of ground on which it stands in the city of N.Y. He received the title of emeritus prof, in 1850. He pub. a col lection of poems, 12mo, N.Y. 1844; and "George Castriot," 12mo, 1850. To Dr. Moore belongs the high merit of having been. the pioneer in this country in the dept. of He brew lexicography ; his Hebrew and Greek Lexicon having been pub. in 1809. He also pub. a collection of Bishop Moore s sermons, 2 vols. 8vo. He wrote the famous ballad, commencing " Twas the night before Christ mas ; and all through the house," &c. Moore, CORNELIUS, b. Hunterdon Co., N. J., 1806. Editor and prop. Masonic Mag. since its commencement in 1838; author of " History of the Ancient Charges and Regula tions of Freemasonry ; " " Outlines of the Tern- pie," 12mo, 1854; "The Craftsman," 8vo; " The Templar s Text-Book," 12rno, 1853. Aliibone. Moore, EDWARD M., M.D., surgeon, b. Rahway, N.J., 15 July, 1814. U. of Pa. 1838. In 1838, in conjunction with Dr. C. L. Pen- nock of Phila., he performed a series of origi nal experiments relative to the heart, which ex cited much attention. Removing to Rochester, N.Y., ab. 1840, he acquired a high reputation in his profession ; many years prof, of surgery in the Buffalo Med. College. Thomas. Moore, EDWIN WARD, commo. in the Texan navy, b. Alexandria, Va., 1811 ; d. New York, Oct. 5, 1865. Entering the U.S. navy in 1825, he was a 1st lieut. in 1836, when se lected by the new Texan govt. to com. its navy, yet to be created. Resigning in 1837, he, partly from his own resources, purchased two small ships, and equipped them as vessels of war. He set sail early in 1838, and, con trary to the orders of Pres. Houston, attacked the Mexican fleet of 8 vessels, including two steamers, in the Bay of Carnpeachy; and in a series of hot engagements finally routed and dispersed it with heavy losses in ships and men. He received from the Texan Congress for this service an extensive grant of land, and a large sum of money. Moore, FRANK, b. Concord, N.H., 17 Dec. 1828. Assist, sec. of legation at Paris, 1869- 72. He pub. "Songs and Ballads of the Amer. Revol.," 1856 ; " Cyclopaedia of Amer. Eloquence," 2 vols. 8vo, 1857; "The Press of the Amer. Revol.;" "Diary of the Amer. Revol.," 2 vols. 8vo, 1860; "The Rebellion Record," 11 vols. 8vo., 1862-8; " Speeches of And. Johnson, with a Biog. Introd.," 1865 ; " Lyrics of Loyalty," 1864 ; "Rebel Rhymes and Rhapsodies," 1864 ; " Personal and Polit. Ballads," 1864; and " Materials for History," 4to, 1861. Moore, GABRIEL, statesman of Alabama, b. Stokes Co., N.C.; d. Caddo, Texas, 1844. M.C. 1822-9; gov. 1829-31; U. S. senator 1831-7. Moore, GEORGE H., LL.D. (N. Y. U.), author, b. Concord, N.H., Apr. 20, 1823. N. Y. U. 1843. Son of Jacob B. Moore. He went to New York in 1839 ; was assist, lib. of the N.Y. Hist. Soc. in 1841-9 ; librarian since 1849. He has pub. "Treason of Charles Lee," 8vo, 1860 ; " Employment of Negroes in the Revol. Army," 1862 ; " Hist, of Slavery in Ms.," 8vo, 1866, since followed by Additional Notes on the same subject. He is now (1870) engaged upon a Hist, of the Jurisprudence of N.Y. Contrib. to the Hist. Mag. and to the jour nals of New York. Hist. Mag. vol. vii. I. M:OO 632 MOO Moore, SIR HENRY, b. Jamaica, 1713. 1764 to his d. 11 Sept. 1769. He arrived in the Colony in Nov. 1765. Moore, HENRY EATON, composer of music, b. Andovcr, N.H., July 21, 1803; d. E. Cam bridge, Ms., Oct. 23, 1841. He served his time as a printer with his bro. Jacob B. and Isaac Hill, and pub. the Grafton Journal at Plymouth, N.H., from Jan. 1, 1825, to March, 1826; he afterward became a teacher, and a thorough proficient in musical science ; wrote the " Mu sical Catechism," "Merrimack Collection of Instrumental Music/ "N.H. Coll. of Church Music," "The Choir," "A Collection of An thems, Choruses, and Set Pieces," and the "Northern Harp." Another brother, JOHN "WEEKS MOORE, b. Andover, April 11, 1807, also a printer, edited the Bellows-Falls Gazette for several years ; and has pub. " A Complete Encyclopaedia of Music," 1854; "Vocal and Instrumental Self-Instructor," " Sacred Min strel," Musician s Lexicon," and " Amer. Coll. of Instrurn. Music," 4to, 1856. Duyckinck. Moore, HORATIO NEWTON, novelist, b. N. J. 1814; d. Phila. Aug. 26, 1859. Author of " Mary Morris," " The Groomsman," " The Marriage-Certificate," "The Heart Over tasked," " Two Months Married," "Fitzgerald and Hopkins," " The Reign of Terror," and " Right and "Wrong ; " also the tragedies of " Orlando " and " The Regicides," and Lives of Gen. Marion and Gen. Wayne (1845). He contrib. memoirs of the famous refugees, the Doanes, to the Boston Museum. Simpson. Moore, JACOB BAILEY, M.D., surgeon and song-writer; d. Jan. 10, 1813, a. 40. Of a Scotch family who settled at Georgetown, Me. His father was a surgeon in a national vessel. The son practised in Andover from 1796 to Apr. 1812, when he became a surgeon U.S.A. Some of his musical compositions are in Holyoke s " Repository." Moore, JACOB BAILEY, hist, writer, b. Andovcr, N.H., Oct. 31, 1797 ; d. BellowsFalls, Vt., Sept. 1, 1853. Son of the preceding; learned the trade of a printer in the office of the Patriot, at Concord, N.H., to which he was a contrib ; marrying a sister of Isaac Hill the proprietor, he became a partner in his business, but subsequently established the N. H. States man to support J. Q. Adams for the presidency ; member of the State legisl. in 1828 ; sheriff of Merrimack Co. in 1829-34 ; and from 1826 to 1 329 edited the N. H. Journal. Removing to N.Y. in 1839, he edited the Daily Whig for a short period; was in 1841-5 in the post-officeat Wash ington; librarian of the N.Y. Hist. Soc. 1845-8; and in 1 848-52 was postmaster at San Francisco, Cal. Farmer and Moore s " Hist. Colls, of N.H." {3 vols. 1822-24) gathered up, and ar ranged in an enduring form, fragments of great value, which might otherwise have been lost: this was one of the first publications devoted to local history in this country. He also pub. "Memoirs of American Governors," 1846; " Gazetteer of N.II. ; " "Laws of Trade in the U.S.," 1840 ; " Hist, of Andover " and " Hist. of Concord," 1824; and essentially aided Mr. John Farmer in his antiquarian researches. His sons George H. and Frank are known as authors. Moore, JAMES, gov. of S.C. in 1700-3 and in 1719-21 ; undertook an unsuccessful exped. against the Spaniards at St. Augustine in 1702, entailing a heavy burden on the Colony, to meet which the first paper-money was issued in S.C., under the name of bills of credit. In 1703 he chastised the Appalachian Indians, and de stroyed their settlements. (See ace. of this exped. in Carroll s Hist. Colls, of S.C.) He was after ward in the council ; was atty. and rec. gen., and judge of the Admiralty Court ; and in 1721-5 was speaker of the Assembly. Moore, JAMES, of New Hanover, N.C.,brig. gen. Revol. army ; d. 1776. Capt. of art. under Gov. Tryon at the defeat of the regulators, May 16, 1771 ; and in Aug. 1775 received from the Prov. Congress at Hillsborough the com. of the first regt. raised for the defence of N.C. In Feb. 1776, Gen. McDonald, with 1,500 men, principally Highlanders, having erected the king s standard at Cross Creek, Col. Moore, with his regt. and a detachment of militia, Feb. 26, with the aid of Cols. Caswell and Lillington, attacked and routed him. The Prov. Council of N.C. on the 4th of Mar. passed a vote of thanks to Col. Moore for this signal service. Made a brig.-gen 1 March, 1776; he died of fever shortly after, while on his way to join the army under Washington. Moore, REV. MARTIN, 20 years editor of the Boston Recorder, b. Sterling, Ms., 22 Apr. 1790; d. Cambridge, Ms., 12 Mar. 1866. B.U. 1810. Descended from John of Sudbury, 1642. Nearly 30 years minister at Natick, Ms., and afterward at Cohasset; in 1861-6 vice.-pres. of the N. E. Hist. Geneal. Society. Author of a "Life of John Eliot," 1842; and a " Hist, of Natick, Ms.," 1817. Moore, MAURICE, jurist, b. Brunswick Co., N.C. ; d. 1776. His grandfather Sir Na thaniel, gov. of N.C. in 1705, claimed descent from the Marquis of Drogheda, Ireland. Maurice, together with Martin Howard and Richard Henderson, constituted the judicial bench of N.C. when the Revol. closed the courts ; member of the Prov. Congress in 1775-6 ; aided materially in forming the State constitution ; and was one of a com. app. to draw up an acldr. to the people of Great Britain on the wrongs of the N.A. Colonies. It is remarkable that his disting. bro. Col. James Moore, then on his way to join Gen. Washington, d. in the same house, at the same time. Moore, NATHANIEL F., LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1825), scholar, b. Newtown, L.I., Dec. 25, 1782. Col. Coll. 1802. Nephew of Bishop Bcnj. Moore. Adm. to the bar in 1805; app. in 1817 adjunct prof.; and was from 1820 to 1835 prof, of Latin and Greek in Col. ColL ; librarian 1837-42; pres. 1842-9. In 1839 he visited Egypt and the Holy Land. Besides pamphlets and essays, he has pub. " Ancient Mineralogy," 1834; "Remarks on the Pro nunciation of the Greek Language;" "Lec tures on the Greek Language and Literature ; " and a hist, sketch of Col. Coll. 1846. Moore, RICHARD CHANNING, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1794), Prot.-Ep. bishop of Va., b. New M100 633 York, Aug. 21, 1762; d. Lynchburg, Va., Nov. 11, 1841. He was educated at King s Coll., N.Y. Followed a sea-faring life for a short time, and became a medical practitioner; but took holy orders in July, 1787, and after a brief service at Eye, Westchester Co., he was called to St. Andrew s parish, embracing the whole of Staten Island, where he continued 20 years. Kector of St. Stephen s Church, N.Y. City, 1809-May 18, 1814 ; then consec. bishop, and app. rector of the Monumental Church in Richmond, which position he occupied until the close of his life. See Memoirs of his Life, with a Selection from his Sermons, by J. P. K. Ifen- shaw, 8vo, 1843. Moore, THOMAS P., soldier and M.C., b. Ky. 1795 ; d. Harrodsburg, Ky., July 21, 1853. He was an officer in the war of 1812 ; M.C. in 1823-9 and in 1833-5; minister to the Kepub. of Colombia in 1829-33, and maj. 18th U.S. Inf. in the Mexican war. Member of the Ky. Const. Convention of 1849. Moore, ZEPHANIAH SWIFT, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1816), scholar, b. Palmer, Ms., Nov. 20, 1 770 ; d. Amherst, Ms., June 30, 1823. Dartm. Coll. 1793. While a child, his parents removed to Vt. Principal of the Londonderry Acad. in 1793-4; studied divinity in Ct.; was minister of Leicester, Ms., June 10, 1798, to Oct. 28, 1811 ; prof, of languages in Dartm. Coll. 1811- 15; chosen pres. of Wms. Coll. in Sept. 1815, he became unpopular on account of the at tempted removal of the institution to Hamp shire Co. ; and, on the establishment of Arnh. Coll. in 1821, was chosen its first pres., and as sumed its charge in 1822. Moran, BENJAMIN, diplomatist, b. Lane Co., Pa., 1820. His father was manager of a small cotton-factory at Trenton, N.J. The son, at first a printer in Phila., went to Eng. ab. 1850; travelled over it on foot in 1851-3; and pub. a vol., " The Footpath and High way." In 1854 he prepared the cases for the commiss. then sitting in Lond. for the settle ment of claims between the U.S. and Great Britain. Mr. Buchanan then made him clerk to the mission, afterward his private sec. ; and in Nov. 1855 he was made sec. of legation; vice-consul at Lond. Apr. 1856 to 1 Jan. 1857; assist, sec. of legation to July, 1864; and sec. since that time, frequently acting as charye or acting minister. A contrib. to English and American periodicals. Morazan, GEN. FRANCISCO, a Central- Amer. statesman, b. Honduras, 1799; shot in Costa Rica, Sept. 15, 1842. Of Corsican ex traction. In 1824 he became sec.-gen. of Hon duras; and soon after was elected gov. of the State, disting. himself both as a statesman and as a soldier. Having in 1829 driven the re-ac- tionary party from the city of Guatimala, the National Congress decreed him the title of sa vior of the Republic; and he soon after accepted the presidency. Expelled in 1840 by the influ ence of the priests, he took refuge in Chili, whence, in 1842, he went to Costa Rica, where he was made pres. by acclamation. An insur rection shortly after took place, to which he fell a victim. Mordeeai, ALFRED, maj. U.S.A., b. N.C. West Point, 1823. Assist, prof. nat. philos. and eng. to July, 1825; capt. of ordnance 30 May ;> 1832; brev. major for meritorious con duct in Mexico, May 30, 1848 ; major, Dec. 31, 1854; resigned 5 May, 1861 ; assist, cngr. Mex ico and Pacific R. R. since 1863. Ordered to Europe to observe the Crimean War, April 2, 1855. Author of Report thereon to the Sec. of War ; " Reports of Experiments on Gunpow der/ 1845 and 1849; of "Artillery for U.S. Land Service," 1849; of "Ordnance Manual," 1850; "Digest of Military Laws," Svo, 1833. Morehead, CHARLES S., lawyer and poli tician, b. Nelson Co., Ky., 1802; d. near Green ville, Mpi., Dec. 23, 1868. Educated at Tran sylvania U. He adopted the profession of law ; was member of the legisl. 1828-9 ; atty.-gen. in 1834-7 ; was again in the legisl. in 1838-41, offi ciating as speaker in 1840 and 41 ; was re-elected in 1842 and 1844, and for the third time chosen speaker; M.C. 1847-51 ; again in the legisl. in 1853 ; gov. in 1855-9. Many years one of the most devoted friends and supporters of Henry Clay. Delegate to the Peace Convention of Feb. 1861. His endeavors to bring about the secession of Ky. occasioned his arrest, Sept. 19, 1861, and incarceration in Fort Lafayette, where he was long kept. With M. Brown, he pub. "Digest of the Statute Laws of Ky.," &c., Svo, 4 vols. 1834. Morehead, JAMES T., lawyer, b. Coving- ton, Ky., May 24, 1797 ; d. there Dec. 28, 1854. U. of N.C. 1819. In 1813-14 he studied at Transylv. U. and in the law-office of J. J. Crit- tenden; commenced practice in 1819 at Bowl ing Green; from 1828 to 1831 was a member of the Ky. legisl.; in 1832 was lieut.-gov. ; gov. in 1834-6; he then returned to the bar at Frankfort ; in 1837 was again elected to the State legisl. ; was pres. of the Board of Inter nal Improvements in 1838^il ; U.S. senator 1841-7. He subsequently practised law at Cov- ington. He pub. " Practice and Proceedings at Law in Ky.," Svo, 1 846 ; " Address commem. of the First Sett, of Ky. at Boonesborough," 25 May, 1840, Frankfort, 8vo. Morebead, JOHN M., gov. of N.C. 1841-5, Henry Clay. Pres. of the National Whig Con vention, 1848. Morell, GEORGE, jurist, b. Lenox, Ms., 22 Mar. 1786; d. Detroit, Mar. 8, 1845. Wms. Coll. 1807. Adm. to the bar in 1811 ; settled at Cooperstown, N.Y. ; app. first judge Otsego Co. Court 1827; member of the Assembly 1829; re-app. judge 1832; U.S. judge of Mich. Terr. 1832-6 ; judge Sup. Ct. of Mich. 1836- 43 ; chief justice 18 July, 1843, to his death. Morelos, JOSE MARIA, a Mexican revolu tionist, b. N. Mexico, 1780 ; shot near the city of Mexico 22 Dec. 1815. He was curate of Nucapetaro in Valladolid ; and in Oct. 1810 joined the insurgent chief Hidalgo, who made him capt.-gen. of the provinces on the south-w. coast. He soon made himself remarkable for his audacity and activity ; captured many places in the southern part of the province ; and took Acapulco, Aug. 30, 1811. In Dec. of that year he marched against Valladolid, but was defeated there by Iturbide with great loss, and 684 frora this time suffered a succession of defeats; while marching to join Toledo and Humbert, he was (Nov. 5, 1815) surprised and taken, and shot as a traitor. Morfit, CAMPBELL, chemist, b. Herculane- um, Mo., 1820. Columbian Coll., Washington, D.C. Studied chemistry in Phila. He became proprietor of a manuf. of commercial chemicals ; and in 1848 was co-editor of the "Encyclope dia of Chemistry" with Prof. Booth. He or ganized the chemical dept. of the Md. Institute, and filled the chair of analyt. and applied chem istry in the U. of Md. in 1854-8. Pie has written a report upon gun-metal to the U.S. ordnance dept.; in 1851 pub. a report of the Progress of the Chemical Arts for the Smiths. Institution; and, with A. Muckle, "Chemical and Pharmaceutic Manipulations," 8vo, 1849. Morgan, ABEL, Bapt. min. of Pennepek, Pa., b. Wales, 1637 ; d. 16 Dec. 1722. He com piled a folio Concordance to the Welsh Bible, printed at Phila. ; and also translated " Century Confession " into Welsh, with additions. Benedict, i. 583, Morgan, CHARLES W., commo. U.S.N., b. Va. 1790; d. Washington, D.C., 5 Jan. 1853. Nephew of Gen. Dan. Morgan. Midsh. 1 Jan. 1808; lieut. 3 Mar. 1813; com. 15 Apr. 1820; capt. 21 Feb. 1831; lieut. of "The Constitu tion " in her action with " The Guerriere," 19 Aug. 1812, and with " The Java," 29 Dec. 1812, for which services he received a sword from the Va. legisl. He com. the Mediterranean squadron in 1841-3. Morgan, GEN. DANIEL, b. Hunterdon Co., N. J., 1736; d. Winchester, Va., July 6, 1802. He had little education; at the age of 17 left his father s farm, and was a wagoner in Brad- dock s army in 1755. In the spring of 1756 he knocked down a British lieut. who had in sulted him, for which he received 500 lashes. The otiirer afterward made him a public apolo gy. In 1757 he served in the militia, and dis- ting. himself in the defence of Edwards Fort. In 1758 he was made an ensign, and, while carrying despatches, was waylaid and severely wounded by Indians, escaping by presence of mind and the fieetness of his horse, from whose back he was taken insensible. After the peace he was much addicted to gambling and dissipa tion, and noted as a pugilist; but before 1771 had reformed ; became a man of substance; and in 1774 com. a company in LordDunmore s ex- ped. against the Indians. Immediately after the battle of Lexington, he, in less than a week, enrolled 96 men, the nucleus of his cele brated rifle corps, and marched them to Boston. He com. 3 companies in the exped. of Arnold against Quebec, and behaved with gallantry, but was made prisoner. On his exchange he was app., Nov. 12, 1776, col. of a rifle corps ( 1 1th Va.). Sent to the assistance of Gates in Sept. 1777, he took a most important part in the victory at Saratoga. The Va. legisl. voted him a horse, pistols, and sword, for this ser vice. Rejoining the main army near Phila., he had a severe skirmish near Chestnut Hill with a part of Cornwallis s division. During a part of 1778 he was in com. of Woodford s brigade ; March 20, 1779, he was made col. 7th Va. Regt., but resigned in June. After the defeat at Cam- den he joined the remnant of Gates s army at Hillsborough, and, Oct. 1, was placed in com. of a legionary corps; Oct. 13, 1780, he was made a brig.-gen. Shortly after Greene as sumed the com. in Dec., Morgan was detached to the country watered by the Broad and Pa- colet Rivers. Pursued by Col. Tarleton, he withdrew to the Cowpens, where, Jan. 17, 1781, he gained a brillant victory over that renowned officer, capturing or destroying nearly the whole of his force. A gold rnedal testified the appre ciation of Congress of the skill and bravery of Morgan on this occasion. By a rapid retreat he evaded the pursuit of Cornwallis, and joined Greene ; but illness, occasioned by exposure and hardship, compelled him to retire from active service. In 1794 he com. the army sent against the insurgents in Western Pa., and was M.C. in 1795-9. In 1800 he removed to Winchester. His oldest dau. m. Gen. Presley Neville of Pitts- burg. In 1799 he pub. an address to his con stituents, vindicating the administration of Mr. Adams. Morgan was six feet in height, and possessed great strength and endurance. Life of Morgan, by James. Graham, 12mo, 1859. Morgan, GEN. DAVID BANISTER, b. West Springfield, Ms., 1773; d. Covington, La., July 15, 1848. He removed to La. in 1803 ; was in the Terr, legisl. ; member of the Const. Conv. ; representative and senator ; and surveyor-gen, of the States of La. and Mpi. ; brig.-gen. at the battle of New Orleans. Morgan, EDWIN DENNISON (LL.D. of Wms. Coll. 1867), statesman, b. Washington, Ms., Feb. 8, 1811. Entering a grocery-store in Hartford, Ct., in 1828, he became a partner in 1831 ; removed to New York in 1836, and be came a highly-successful merchant. A State senator in 1849-53 ; he was made chairman of the Repub. Committee ; and was gov. of N.Y. in 1859-63. His administration was marked by a decrease of the State debt, an increase in the revenue from the canals, and a frequent use of the veto-power. Such was his zeal and efficiency in raising and equipping troops for the war, that the State sent about 220,000 men to the field. Maj.-gen. of vols. 20 Sept. 1861 ; resigned Jan. 1, 1863. U.S. senator in 1863- 9. Offered the secretaryship of the treasury by Mr. Lincoln, but declined. Morgan, GEN. GEORGE W., b. Washing ton Co., Pa., 20 Sept. 1820. He was a capt. in the Texan struggle for independence. Studied at West Point in 1841-3, but removed to Mount Vernon, O., where in 1845 he began to practise law. When the Mexican war broke out, he became col. 2d Ohio Vols. (Jan. 1846), with which he repulsed the Mexican cavalry near Marin (Feb. 1847) ; was app. col. 15th U.S. Inf. Mar. 1847 ; and won the brev. of brig.-gen. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, where he was severely wounded. Consul at Marseilles 1856-8; res. minister at Lisbon in 1858-61; brig.-gen. vols. Nov. 21, 1861. Assigned to duty under Gen. Buell in Mar. 1862, he took com. of the 7th division of the Army of the Ohio, with which he occupied Cumberland Gap in S.E. Ky., driving out the Confederates, June 18, but was compelled to retreat Sept. 17. In Nov. he was assigned to a com. under Gen. Rose- crans in Tenn. He com. a division under" 635 Sherman against Vicksburg in 1863, in which year he resigned. Democ. M.C. 1868-72. Morgan, SIR HENRY, buccaneer, b. ab. 1637; d. 1690. Son of a Welsh farmer. For many years he maintained his position among the W. India islands as chief of a host of pirates composed of adventurers from all the nations of Europe. From his strongholds, one of which was the Island of St. Catharine s, he made many successful descents upon the Spanish settlements in his vicinity; and at sea captured many rich prizes. In 1666 he took Porto Bello and Panama from the Span iards. Having amassed a large fortune, he settled at Jamaica, of which island he was app. gov. by Charles II., and knighted. Author of " Voyage to Panama, 1670," Lond. 8vo, 1683. An account of him is in Esquemeling s "Buc caneers of America," Lond. 4to, 1684. Morgan, GEN. JAMES D., b. Boston, Ms., Nov. 19, 1810. At the age of 16 he went to sea in the ship " Beverley." The crew muti nied ; and the ship was soon after burned. Morgan, with others of the crew, escaped in boats ; finally landed in S. America ; and, after the greatest hardships, made his way back to Boston, after 6 months absence. Re moving to Quincy, 111., in 1834, he engaged in mercantile pursuits. During the Mexican war he was capt. in the 1st 111. Vols. ; in 1861 he became lieut.-col. 7th 111. Vols. ; and, for merit, services at New Madrid and Corinth, was made brig.-gen. 17 July, 1862 ; in Nov. 1862 he com. a brigade at Nashville, Tenn. ; and in Sherman s Atlanta and Georgia cam paigns com. a division of the 14th corps. Morgan, JOHN, M.D. (Edinb. U. 1764), F.R.S., an eminent physician, b. Phila. 1735 ; d. there Oct. 15, 1789. Phila. Coll. 1757. He studied medicine under Dr. Redman ; and, as a surgeon and lieut. of Pa. troops, served in the war with France until 1760, when he went to Europe ; attended the lectures and dissections of the celebrated Wm. Hunter; and, after spending two years in Edinburgh, visited Paris, Holland, and Italy ; and, on his return to London, was elected a fellow of the Roy. Soc. ; a member of the Coll. of Physi cians in Edinburgh; and a licentiate of the Coll. of Phys. in London ; returning to Phila. in 1765, he was elected prof, of the theory and practice of med. ; and at once founded a med. school in connection with the college. In Oct. 1775 he was app. by Congress director- gen, and physician in chief to the gen. hospital of the army ; removed in 1777 in consequence of unjust clamors. A committee of Congress afterward investigated his conduct, and honor ably acquitted him of all the charges against him. He pub. a " Discourse upon the Insti tution of Medical Schools in America," 1765; " A Recommendation of Inoculation according to Baron Dinesclale s Method," &c., 1776. He received in 1766, from John Sargeant of Lon don, a gold medal for the best essay on the recip rocal advantages of a perpetual union between Great Britain and her American Colonies. In 1777 he pub. a vindication of his public charac ter of director-gen. One of the founders of the Amcr. Philos. Soc. in 1769, and pub. some papers in its Transactions. In 1773 he visited Jamaica to procure donations for Philadelphia College. Morgan, JOHN H.,gen. C.S.A.,b. Hunts- ville, Ala., June 1, 1826 ; killed at Greenville, Tenn., Sept. 4, 1864. In 1830 he settled neat Lexington, Ky. He was 1st lieut. in Mar shall s cav. at the battle of Buena Vista; was extensively engaged in the manuf. of bagging at Lexington ; when, in Sept. 1861, he joined Buckner at the head of the Lexington Rifles, and at Shiloh com. a squadron of cavalry. He soon after commenced his series of raids into Ky., in which he destroyed many mil lions of dollars worth of military stores ; cap tured and burned railroad-trains filled with supplies, tore up railroad - tracks, burned bridges, and destroyed culverts, in the rear of the Union armies ; and made it necessary to garrison every important town in the State. He moved with the utmost celerity, and, by tak ing a telegraph-operator with him, misled his foes, and acquainted himself with their move ments to intercept him. In 1863 he undertook a bold and extensive raid thro ugh Ky., Ind., and Ohio ; but he with nearly his whole com. were captured, and Morgan and his officers were confined in the Ohio Penitentiary. He after ward escaped : subsequently undertook a raid into Tenn. ; but, being betrayed while stopping at a farm-house, was surrounded in the night by fed. cavalry, and killed in an attempt to escape. Morgan, WILLIAM, whose singular fate has given his name a great notoriety, b. Cul- peper Co., Va., ab. 1775; d. Sept. 19, 1826. He served under Jackson at the battle of New Orleans ; moved to York, U.C., in 1821, where he commenced business as a brewer, but sub sequently removed to Batavia, N. Y. In Aug. 1826 it became known that he was preparing for the press a work divulging the secrets of Freemasonry. Some infatuated members of the fraternity in his neighborhood, having failed in the attempt to dissuade him from his pro ject, took him, on the 10th of Sept., under the pretence of a charge for larceny, to Canan- daigua. This charge having been abandoned, and a civil suit instituted, judgment was ob tained for a small amount ; and he was com mitted to the jail of Ontario Co. Discharged on the evening of the 12th, he was seized as he passed out of the jail, put into a carriage, and taken to Fort Niagara, where he was murdered. This outrage excited the most in tense indignation against the order, which was soon turned to political purposes. An Anti- Masonic party was formed, which predominated in Western N.Y., and had many converts else where. Author of " Illustrations of Masonry," the 2d ed. of which (1826) contains an ace. of his kidnapping. Morillo, PABLO, Count of Carthagena, and Marqtiis de la Fuente, a Spanish gen., b. Fucnte, 1777 ; d. Madrid, July 27, 1838. He first served against Napoleon, rising to the rank of general; placed in 1814 at the head of the Spanish forces in S. America, he became noted for his cruelty to the revolutionists, but was finally defeated by Bolivar, and compelled to sign the truce of Truxillo, Nov. 25, 1820; after which he returned to Spain. He there sided alternately with both parties, and, on the reoto 636 mtion of absolute monarchy, was expelled the country, and his estates confiscated. He was allowed to return in 1832; was made gov. of Galicia, and com. the forces against Don Car los. He pub. his " Memoires " in Paris, 1826. Morison, REV. JOHN HOPKINS, D.D. (H. U. 1858), h. Peterborough, N.H., 25 July, 1808. H.U. 1831. Unit, pastor of Milton, Ms., since 1846. Author of "Manual for Sunday Schools ; " " Centen. Address at Peterb. Oct. 24, 1839;" "Life of Hon. Jere. Smith, LL.D.," 1845; also a number of occasional sermons, addresses, &c. Morphy, PAUL CHARLES, the greatest of modern chess-players, b. N. Orleans, June 22, 1837; son of Judge M. of the Supreme Court of La., and learned the moves from see ing his father play. In the autumn of 1849 Herr Loewenthal, the celebrated Hungarian player, visited the Crescent City; and out of 3 games against the young Paul, then but 12 years old, he lost 2, and drew 1. He was edu cated at the S. C. College, and studied law. At the Chess Congress in New York in 1857, Morphy defeated in a majority of games many being at considerable odds the first players of the U.S.; visiting Europe in 1858, he contended with all the great players of Europe Loewenthal, Harrwitz, Riviere, La- roche, Journoud Devinck, and the celebrated Adolph Anderssen, whom he vanquished with the exception of Mr. Stanton, who prudently declined the contest. At the annual meeting of the British Chess Association at Birming ham, he played 8 games simultaneously, with out seeing the boards, winning 6, losing 1, and 1 being drawn. He has latterly devoted him self almost exclusively to the practice of law in New Orleans and Richmond. Morrell, CAPT. BENJAMIN, b. Worcester Co., Ms., 1795 ; d. 1839. Author of "Narra tive of Four Voyages to the South Sea," &c., N.Y. 8vo, 1832. Morrell, REV. WILLIAM, who accomp. Capt. Robert Gorges to America in 1623, and resided at Plymouth, Ms., ab. a year. On his return to Eng., he pub. in 1625, in Latin hexam eters and English heroics, a poem entitled "Nova Anglia," repr. in "Ms. Hist. Colls.," 1st series, i. Morrill, ANSON P., gov. of Me. 1855-7; M.C. 1861-3 ; b. Belgrade, Me., June 10, 1803. He engaged in mercantile and manuf. pursuits, and was some years in the Me. legislature. Morrill, DAVID LAWRENCE, M.D. (D.C.) LL.D. (U. of Vt.), b. Epping, N.H., June 10, 1772; d. Concord, Jan. 28, 1849. ^ After receiv ing a good acad. and mod. education, he estab lished himself in practice at Epsom in 1793, but in 1 800 began to study theology ; pastor of the Cong, church in Goffstown, N.H., in 1802-11; practised medicine in 1807-30; was a representative to the Gen. Court in 1808-17 ; speaker in 1816; U.S. senator from 1817 to 1823, when he was elected to the State senate, and was chosen pres. of that body ; gov. in 1824-7. He was connected with many of the charitable, medical, and agricultural associa tions of his time. He pub. several sermons, orations, and controversial pamphlets; and was, for some years after abandoning public office, editor of the N. H. Observer, a religious newspaper. Morrill, JUSTIN S., M.C. from Vt. 1855- 67 ; chosen U.S. senator in 1867 ; b. Strafford, Vt., Apr. 14, 1810. Educated at an academy. He was engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1848, when he turned his attention to agricul ture. Author of the " Morrill " tariff of 1 86 1 . Morrill, LOT M., statesman, b. Belgrade, Kennebec Co., Me., 3 May, 1813. Entered Waterville Coll. in 1834; and in 1839 was adm. to the bar; member of the Me. legisl. in 1854; of the senate in 1856, and made its pres. ; gov. of Me. in 1858-60; U.S. senator in 1861, 1863-9; re-elected for the term of 1871-7 ; and member of the Peace Congress of 1861. Morris. CHARLES, Capt. U.S.N., b. Wood stock, Ct., July 26, 1784; d. Washington, Jan. 27, 1856. He entered the navy, July 1, 1799 ; was engaged with Decatur in destroying the fri gate "Philadelphia," in the harbor of Tripoli, on the night of Feb. 15, 1804; also disting. him self in the same war by the capture of a French privateer; was made lieut. Jan. 28, 1807; was the exec, officer of "The Constitution" in 1812, in her memorable escape after a chase of 60 hours from a British squadron ; was greatly disting., and was shot through the body, in the encounter of that ship with the Brit, frigate " Guerrierc; " capt. 5 Mar. 1813. In Aug. 1814, while in com. of " The John Adams," having run up the Penobscot River to Hampden for repairs, a strong Brit, force entered the river ; and, to escape capture, the frigate was destroyed, the crew making their way for 200 miles across the thinly-inhabited country to Portland. In 1 8 1 6- 17 he com. the naval forces in the Gulf of Mex ico; in 1819-20 a squadron to Buenos Ayres; in 1823-7 and 1832-41 was navy commiss. ; in Sept.-Oct. 1825 com. the frigate "Brandy- wine," in which Lafayette returned to France after his visit to this country ; in 1 825-6 he was employed in examining the dockyards of France and Eng. ; com. in 1841-4 the squad ron on the coast of Brazil and in the Mediter ranean; in 1844-7 was chief of bureau of construction; was in 1847-51 insp. of ord nance; and from 1851 to the time of his death was chief of the bureau of ordnance and hydrography; for many years he supervised the Naval Acad. at Annapolis. It has been said of him, that he was, in all the varied quali ties which constitute excellency in his profes sion, the ablest naval commander in the world Morris, EDWARD JOT, author and M.C., b. Phila. July 16, 1815. H.U. 1836. Member of the Pa. legisl. in 1841-3; M.C. 1843-5; charge d affaires to Naples in 1850-4 ; again a member of the State legisl. in 1856; member of the 35th, 36th, and 37th Congresses; and minister to Turkey 1861-70. He has pub. " A Tour through Turkey, Greece, Egypt, and Arabia Petrasa ; " " The Turkish Empire, So cial and Political ; " " Afraja, or Life and Love in Norway" (a translation) ; and also a transl. from the German of Gregorovius, " Corsica, Social and Political," &c. Morris, GEORGE P., poet and journalist, b. Phila. Oct. 10, 1802 ; d. N. Y. City, July 6, 1864. Removing in early life to New York, he wrote for the N. Y. Gazette and the American, 637 contributing verses in his 15th year. He pub. the N. Y. Mirror from Aug. 1823 to Dec. 31, 1842; in 1843 he associated himself with Mr. Willis in the pub. of the New Mirror, of which 3 vols. were issued ; in 1844 he established the Evening Mirror, a daily, assisted by Willis and Hiram Fuller ; at the close of 1 845 he com menced a weekly journal, the National Press, changed in Nov. 1846 to the Home Journal, which he edited with Mr. Willis until a short time before his death. As a song-writer he has achieved great popularity. Among the best are " Woodman, spare that Tree," " Long Time Ago," " The Origin of Yankee Doodle," "My Mother s Bible," " Whippoorwill," &c. In 1853 he pub. "The Deserted Bride, and other Poems," 8vo, N.Y.; ed. a vol. of "American Melodies ; " and, in conjunction with Mr. Wil lis, "The Prose and Poetry of Europe and America," 8vo, N.Y; in 1837 he produced the successful drama of " BriercM ," and in 1842 the libretto of "The Maid of Saxony." He also pub. a vol. of prose sketches entitled " The Little Frenchman and his Water-Lots," 1838. The last complete edition of his poems appeared in 1860. In 1861 he contrib. an introd. Me moir to the Poetical Works of Samuel Wood- worth. He was at one time a brig.-gen in the Slate militia. Morris, GOUVERNEUR, statesman and ora tor, b. Morrisania, N.Y., 31 Jan. 1752; d. there 6 Nov. 1816. Kings Coll. 1768. Son of Lewis Morris. Studied law with Wm. Smith ; was adm. to practice in 1771; soon attained great reputation ; was a delegate to the Prov. Con gress of N.Y. in 1775; one of the com. that draughted the State Const, in 1776 ; member of the Cont. Congress 1777-80, serving on sev eral important committees ; pub. in 1779 a suc cessful pamphlet called " Observations on the Amer. Reyol. ; " and in 1780 removed to Phila., and, by being thrown from a carriage, fractured his leg so as to render amputation necessary. In July, 1781, he was the colleague of Robert Morris as assist, supt. of finance, and, after the war, embarked with him in mercantile enter prises; in 1785 he pub. "An Address to the Assembly of Pa. on the Abolition of the Bank of N.A.," arguing against that project. Pur chasing in Dec. 1786 the estate of Morrisania from his bro. Staats Long Morris, he made it his future residence. He was one of the com. that draughted the Federal Constitution in the con v. of 1787. In 1788-91 he was in France, oc cupied in selling land ; was a private agent of the U.S. in Lond. in 1 791 ; minister to France in 1 792-Oct. 1794 ; afterward travelled in Europe, and, while at Vienna, endeavored to effect the liberation of Lafayette from the dungeon of Olmutz ; returned to the U.S. in the autumn of 1798; was U.S. senator in 1800-3, acting with the Federalists, and actively opposing the abolition of the judiciary System in 1802 in speeches of great ability ; was prominent in the great canal project of N.Y., and chairman of the canal commiss. from their first app. in Mar. 1810 until his death; ^and passed the latter years of his life in munificent hospitality. Au thor of a series of essays on the Cont. Currency and Finances, and of eulogies on Washington, Hamilton, and George Clinton. See Life, Correspondence, and Writings, by Jared Sparks^ 3 vols. 1832, 8vo. Morris, HENRY W., commo. U.S.N., b. N York, 1806 ; d. there Aug. 14, 1863. Son of Thomas, a lawyer of N.Y., and grandson of the preceding. Midshipm. Aug. 21, 1819 ; lieut. May 17, 1828 ; com. Oct. 12, 1849; capt. Dec. 27, 1856; commo. July 16, 1862. In 1845 he com. the storeship " Southampton," of the Af rican squadron ; the sloop-of-war " German- town," of the Brazilian squadron, in 1853 ; and in 1855 was fleet-capt. under Com. Stringham in the Mediterranean; in 1861 he superintended the construction of the steam sloop-of-war " Pensacola " at the Washington Navy -yard. In her he successfully passed the Confed. bat teries on the Potomac in Jan. 1862 ; then joined the Gulf block, squad., and took part in the capture of New Orleans. Morris, JOHN G., D.D., b. York, Pa., 1803. Dick. Coll. 1823. He studied theology at Princeton, and since 1826 has been pastor of the First Lutheran Church, Baltimore. He has pub. a number of addresses, theol. treatises, and translations from the German ; " Popular Expos, of the Gospels," 2 vols. 1840; "Life of John Arndt," 1853 ; "The Blind Girl of Wit tenberg," 1856; "Catharine De Bora," 1856; " Martin Behaim, a Discourse before the Md. Hist. Soc.," Jan. 25, 1855, 8vo, paper. Edited the Lutheran Observer 1831-2, and was co-editor of the " Year-Book of the Reformation," 1844. He has lectured bef. the Smithsonian and other scientific bodies on entomology and other sci ences, and has written on the lepidoptera of N. A. in the Smithsonian " Misc. Colls." Allibone. Morris, LEWIS, statesman, b. Morrisania, N.Y., 1671 ; d. Kingsbury, N. J., May 21, 1746. Son of Richard, an officer of Cromwell s army, who settled, ab. 1672, on a farm of 3,000 acres, near Harlem, N. Y., called Morrisania. Adopted by his uncle Lewis, he once, through fear of his resentment, fled to Va., and thence to the West Indies. Embracing the law, he became a judge of the N. J. Superior Court in 1692, and a member of the council ; was afterward an ac tive member of the Assembly, and an opponent of Gov. Combury, against whom he drew up the complaint of the Assembly, and presented it in person to the queen. He was for several years chief justice of N.Y. andN.J,; was state councillor in 1710-38; acting gov. 1731 ; and gov. of N. J. 1738-46. Active in bringing about the separation of the govts. of N.Y. and N. J. in 1738. Of his sons, LEWIS was a judge of vice-admiralty ; and ROBERT HUNTER was 20 years chief justice of N. J. Mem. by Rev. R. Davidson, N. J. Hist. Proc. vol. iv. Morris, LEWIS, signer of the Decl. of la- dep., b. Morrisania, N.Y., 1726 ; d. there Jan. 22, 1798. Y.C. 1746. He was the eldest of four bros., STAATS, a gen. in the British army and an M.P. ; RICHARD, judge in the N.Y. Vice" Adm. Court, afterward chief justice, who d. Apr. 1810; and GOUVERNEUR. Devoting himself to agriculture, he possessed at the period of the Revol. an ample estate. In the Congress of 1775 he served on the most important commit tees, and had assigned to him the arduous task of detaching the Western Indians from the co- 638 alition with Great Britain, which he executed with zeal and address. In the beginning of 1776 he resumed his seat in Congress, where he was a laborious and serviceable member ; and his beautiful and extensive manor near New York was soon after laid waste by the British. He left Congress in 1777, and was afterwards in the State legisl., and a maj.-gen. of militia. Three of his sons served with distinction in the army, and received the thanks of Congress, LEWIS (N J. Coll. 1774) was aide to Gen. Sul livan, and afterward to Gen. Greene ; STAATS was aide to Gen. Wayne (his son LEWIS N., capt. U.S.A., was killed at Monterey. LEWIS O., son of the latter, col. 113th N.Y. Vols., fell at Cold Harbor, 3 June, 1864); JACOB, aide to Gen. Charles Lee, afterward member of the N.Y. Assembly and senate, b. 28 Dec. 1755, d. 10 June, 1844. His youngest son RICHARD VALEXTINE, capt. U.S.N. (app. June, 1798), d. New York, May 1815; com. squadron in the Mediterranean in 1802-3. Morris, ROBERT, financier and statesman, b. Liverpool, Eng., 20 Jan. 1733; d. Phila. 7 May, 1806. At 13 he came with his father to Phila. ; entered the counting-house of Charles Willing, and was a partner in the business in 1 754-93. He was supercargo in several voyages, and on one occasion was made prisoner by the French. Prominent in opposition to the Stamp Act : in signing the Non-Importation Act of 1765, the house of Willing and Morris made a great sacrifice. Delegate to the Cont. Cong, in 1776-8, and signer of the Decl. of Indep. Mem ber of the committee of ways and means, his personal credit was exerted to the utmost, espe cially at the close of 1776, when the term of service of the troops had expired ; performing a similar service in aid of Gen. Greene s prose cution of the Southern campaign in 1780, and raising $1,400,000 to enable Washington to proceed in the exped. which resulted in the capture of Cornwallis at Yorktown. In 1780 he established a, bank, to which he subscribed 10,000, mainly to supply the army with pro visions ; founded the Bank of N. America ; and from Feb. 1781 to Nov. 1784 was supt. of finance, pledging his personal credit whenever his official resources were inadequate. Mem ber of the Pa. legisl. in 1786, and of the conv. which framed the Federal Const, in 1787 ; U.S. senator 1789-95; offered the post of sec. of the treas., he declined, and named Alex. Ham ilton for that office. He engaged with Gouv. Morris in the E. I. and China trade ; but in his old age embarked in vast land-speculations, which proved ruinous to his fortunes ; and he passed the latter years of his life in prison for debt. Morris was a fluent and impressive ora tor, and possessed much political knowledge, and great acquaintance with general affairs. Morris, ROBERT, chief justice of N. J. dur ing the Revol. war, and U.S. judge from 1789 to his d. at New Brunswick, N.J., May 2, 1815, aged 70. Morris, ROBERT HUNTER, chief justice of N Jersey, son of Gov. Lewis ; d. Feb. 20, 1 764 He was 26 years one of the council of N. J ; and was lieut.-gov. of Pa. from Oct. 1754 to Aug. 1756. He resigned the office of chief justice in the fall of 1757. Morris, COL. ROGER, b. Eng. Jan. 28, 1717 ; d. there Sept. 13, 1794. He obtained a captaincy 48th Foot, Sept. 13, 1745 ; accomp, Braddock in his exped., serving as his aide-de camp, and was wounded at his defeat ; he served under Loudon in 1757; Jan. 19, 1758, he m. Mary, dau. of F. Phillipse of Westchester Co., N.Y. ; purchased a majority in the 35th ; and in the winter of 1758-9 was stationed at Fort Frederick ; occasionally engaged with the Indians, who harassed the settlements in Nova Scotia; attached to the Louisburg grenadiers in Wolfe s exped. against Quebec, he partici pated in the battle on the Plains of Abraham, and did good service at the battle of Sillery, Apr. 28, 1760; app. in May, 1760, lieut.-col. 47th; he com. the 3d batt. in the exped. against Montreal under Gen. Murray ; retiring from the army in June, 1764, he was elevated to the exec, council of the province, in which body he took his seat Dec. 5. Having adhered to the crown in the Revol., his name was in cluded in the N.Y. act of attainder of 1779. At the peace he retired to Eng. His widow survived him until July, 1825. O Callaghan. Morris, SARAH, Quaker preacher, b. Phila. 1704; d. there Oct. 24, 1775. Anthony her father, an eminent preacher, d. Phila. Aug. 23, 1721, a. 67. Sarah possessed a superior understanding, and a social and agreeable dis position, and became an able gospel minister. She visited the Friends in N.J.,Md., and Long Island; went to R. I. in 1764; and travelled through Great Britain in 1772-3. Coll. of Quaker Memorials. Morris, STAATS LONG, gen. in the British army, b. Morrisania, N.Y., Aug. 27, 1728 ; d. 1800. Son of Judge Lewis. Capt. 36th Foot, May 31, 1756 ; lieut.-col. 89th Highlanders ; served at the siege of Pondicherry in 1761 ; brig.-gen. July 7, 1763; maj.-gen. 1777; gen. 1796; app. gov. of Quebec 1797. His first wife, the Duchess of Gordon, died 1770. O Callaghan. Morris, SUSANNA, Quaker preacher, b. 1683; d. Richland, Pa., Apr. 28, 1755. Wife of Morris Morris. For more than 40 years she labored faithfully in the ministry, travelling much in America and Europe; and made 3 voyages to Europe, visiting Friends in Eng., Ireland, and Holland. Coll. of Quaker Me morials. Morris, THOMAS, judge and senator, b. Va., Jan. 3, 1776 ; d. Dec. 7, 1844, near Beth el, 0. Son of a Baptist clergyman. At the age of 19 he emig. to the Ohio Valley, and set tled near the present site of Cincinnati, but removed to Clermont Co. in 1800. In 1802, while engaged as a day-laborer, and without an instructor, he commenced the study of law, adopted the profession, and became eminent. Elected in 1806 to the legisl., he was a mem ber of the senate or house for a period of 24 years. He was elected in 1809 a judge of the Sup. Ct. of Ohio, and was a Democ. U.S. sen ator in 1833-9 ; while in Congress he ably de fended the freedom of the press, the freedom of speech, the right of petition ; and disting. himself as an opponent of slavery ; in Aug. 1844 he was the candidate of the Liberty party for vice-pres. His Life, Speeches, and Writings 639 were pnb. by his son, Eev. B. F. Morris, 12mo, Cincinnati, 1855. Morris, THOMAS A., D.D. (McK. Coll., 111., 1841), bishop of the M. E. Church (cho sen in 1836), b. Kanawha Co., Va., Apr. 28, 1794. He entered the Ohio Conf. as a trav elling preacher in 1816 ; was ord. deacon, and in 1820 an elder; was an itinerant preacher in Ohio, Ky., and Tenn ; and was elected edi tor of the western Christian Advocate on its es tablishment in Cincinnati in 1833. Author of a vol. of sermons, and a miscellany consist ing of essays, biog. sketches, and notes of travel. Self-educated, and a man of strong, clear sense, great simplicity, and a practical preacher; d. Springfield, 0., Sep. 2, 1874. Morris, WILLIAM WALTON, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. Ballston Springs, N.Y., Aug. 31, 1801; d. Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Dec. 11, 1865. West Point, 1820. Disting. in engagement under Col. Leavenworth with Arickaree Indians, 11 Aug. 1823; capt. 17 Dec. 1836; major of mounted Creek Vols. in Fla. Sept. 1836 to June, 1837; brev. major for gallantry in war against Fla. Indians 27 Jan. 1837; maj. 4th Art. Nov. 4, 1853; lieut.-co,l. May 14, 1861 ; col. 2d Art. Nov. 1, 1861. He was one of the ablest military law yers in the service ; was disting. at Palo Alto and Resaca ; was military go v. of Tampico, and afterward of Puebla ; on duty at Fort Mc Henry at the outbreak of the Rebellion, and promptly turned his guns on the city of Balti more during the riot on the 19th Apr. 1861. Brev. brig.-gen. June 19, 1862, for meritorious service; and brev. maj.-gen. 10 Dec. 1865. Morrison, COL. JOSEPH WANTON, b. N.Y. May 4, 1783 ; d. on the passage from Calcutta, Feb. 15, 1826. Son of John Morri son, dep. commiss.-gen. in America. Entered the army as ensign in 1793 ; and as lieut.-col. 89th Regt. com. the British force at Chrystler s Fields, Williamsburg, L.C., gaining a victory over the Amer. Gens. Wilkinson and Boyd, for which he was honored with a medal, and a vote of thanks from the h. of assembly of L. Canada. Severely wounded at Lundy s Lane in July, 1814. He afterwards served in India with tlje local rank of brig.-gen. Morrison, WILLIAM, fur-trader and ex plorer, b. Montreal, C.E., 1785 ; d. Morrison s Island, ^ug. 7, 1866. In 1802 he was ap prenticed to the N.Y. Fur Co. at Fond Du Lac, and soon became a partner; in 1803-15 he explored the North-west; and from 1816 to 1 326 had charge of J. J. Astor s business. Mr. Morrison was the first white man who dis covered the sources of the Mpi. River, an honor usually awarded to Mr. Schoolcraft. Morrow, JEREMIAH, statesman, b. Gettys burg, Pa., Oct. 6, 1771 ; d. Warren Co., O., Mar. 22, 1852. Removing in the spring of 1795 to the North-west Terr., he was a member of the 0. Terr, legisl. in 1801 ; in 1802 was a delegate to a convention for forming a State const. ; was State senator in 1803 ; was the first M.C. from the State, serving from 1803 to 1813 ; was a U.S. senator in 1813-19; gov. in 1822-6; then canal commiss. ; again State senator in 1827-8; State representative 1835- 7; again M.C. in 1841-3; and was pres. of the Little Miami Railroad Co. u.itil 1847. In 1814 he was app. a commiss. to treat with the Indians west of the Miami. While in Con gress, he was chairman of the com. of public lands. A. T. Goodman. Morse, REV. ABNER, genealogist, b. Med- way, Ms., Sept. 5, 1793 ; d. Sharon, Ms., May 1 6, 1865. Brown U. 1816; And. Sem. 1819. De scended from Capt. Joseph, who settled ab. 1670 in Bogistown (Medway). He was in 1819-22 Cong, pastor in Nantucket, Ms. ; subsequently at Boundbrook, N.J., and in Indiana, where he procured a charter for a college, and was some time a professor. He delivered courses of lec tures on geology, also devoting himself to genealogical pursuits. He pnb. " Memorial of the Morses," 1 850 ; "Descendants of Lawrence Litchfield," 1855 ; " Capt. John Grout," 1 357 ; of " Several Ancient Puritans," 3 vols. 1857- 60 ; and " Gen. Register of Sherborn and Holliston." N. E. H. and Gen. Reg. xix. 371. Morse, JEDIDIAH, D.D. (U. of Edinh. 1794), clergyman and geographer, b. Wood stock, Ct., Aug. 23, 1761 ; d. N. Haven, June 9, 1826. Y.C. 1783. Licensed to preach in 1785; tutor in Y.C. in 1786; Apr. 30, 1789, installed minister of the First Cong. Church, Charlestown, Ms., which he resigned in 1820. Dr. Morse is the father of American geography. He prepared in 1784 at New Haven, for the use of schools, the first work of the kind in Amer. This was followed by larger works of geography, and gazetteers, from materials obtained by travelling and correspondence, especially that of Jeremy Belknap the historian, Thomas Hutchins, geog.-gen., and Ebenezer Hazard. His larger geographical works were reprinted in Europe. Dr. Morse was also much occupied in religious controversy ; in upholding the orthodox faith in the N.E. churches against the assaults of Unitarianism, an undertaking which seriously affected his health. In 1804 he was active in enlarging the Ms. Gen. Assoc. of Cong. Ministers ; was sole editor of the Panoplist from 1806 to 1811 ; and was promi nent in establishing the Theol. Sem. at An- dover. Commissioned by the U. S. Govt. to visit the Indian tribes of the N.W., the result of his labors was a vol. pub. in 1822, entitled " Indian Report," &c. Dr. Morse also pub. "A Compendious History of New England," Camb. 1804; "Annals of the Amer. Revol.," Hartf. 1824; and 25 sermons and addresses on special occasions. He was an active member of the Ms. Hist. Soc., and many other literary and scientific bodies. Morse, SAMUEL FINLET BREESE, LL.D. (Y.C. 1846), one of the inventors of the electric- telegraph, b. Charlestown, Ms., 27 Apr. 1791. Y.C. 1810; d. N.Y. City, April 2, 1872. He went to Eng. with Washington Allston, arriv ing in Aug. 1811; studied painting under Benjamin West; exhibited his "Dying Her cules " at the Roy. Acad. in 1813 ; and in May of that year received a prize of a gold medal from the London Adelphi for a plaster model of the same. He returned home in 1315; painted portraits in N. Hampshire at $15 per head ; took up his residence in N.Y. City ab. 1822, and painted a full length of Lafayette. In 1829 he ed. the poems of L. M. Davidson, 640 with a biog. sketch. He was again in Eng. in 1829-32; and, on his return home, the first idea of a permanent recording telegraph was suggested to him by Dr. Jackson, his fellow- passenger. In 1835 he demonstrated the prac ticability of his invention by a model ; filed his caveat at the patent-office in 1837 ; perfected his invention in 1840 ; and in 1844 completed the first electric-telegraph in the U.S., between Baltimore and Washington. At a convention held in 1851 for the purpose of adopting a uniform system of telegraphing for all Germany, that of Morse was selected. Prof. Wheatstone, the English inventor, took out, with W. F. Cooke, a joint patent for a magnetic teleg. in 1837. The representatives of the principal European powers, assembled at Paris ab. 1857, presented Mr. Morse with the sum of 400,000 francs as a recompense for his invention. In a letter of Mr. Morse to the sec. U.S. treasury, dated 10 Aug. 1843, occurs the first suggestion of the project of the Atlantic telegraph. Honors have been showered upon him by European sovereigns, and by scientific and literary so cieties. He resides on the banks of the Hud son, near Poughkeepsie. Author of " Foreign Conspiracy against the U.S.," 1835 ; and a biog. sketch of Lewis Clauszing, N.Y., 1836. As to the real inventor of the electric teleg., see Dr. Wynter s " Curiosities of Civilization." Morse, SIDNEY EDWARDS, journalist, bro. of S. F. B. Morse, b. Charlestown, Ms., Feb. 7, 1794. Y.C. 1811. In 1815 he estab lished the Boston Recorder, a weekly religious newspaper, of which for about one year he was a proprietor and editor. In 1817 he invented, in connection with his brother, and patented, the flexible piston-pump. He afterwards pub. geographical text-books. In May, 1823, with his younger bro., R. C. Morse, he established the N. V. Observer, the oldest religious newspaper in N. Y. State. In June, 1839, in connection with Henry A. Munson, he produced by a new art, termed cerography, map-prints superior to those hitherto known. DicdN.Y. 23 Dec. 71. Morton, CHARLES, minister of Charles- town from Nov. 5, 1686, to his d. Apr. 11, 1698; b. Cornwall, Eng., 1626. Son of Rev. Nicholas. Educated at Oxford U., of which he was a fellow. At first a royalist, he at length became a Puritan ; was minister at Blisland until ejected in 1662; and, after the great fire in Lond., established an acad. at Newington Green. De Foe, author of " Robin son Crusoe," was one of his pupils. After 20 years service there, he was so pestered by pro cesses from the bishops court, that he was obliged to leave; and came to N.E. in July, 1686. He was a man of eminent learning. Author of a number of treatises, among them a "Discourse on improving the Country of Cornwall," a part of which is in the " Philos. Trans.," Apr. 1675; "Considerations on the New River ; " " The Ark, its Loss and Recov ery." Vice-pres. of H.U., and drew up a sys tem of logic long in use there. Morton, JAMES ST. GLAIR, brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A., b. Phila. 1829; d. near Peters burg, Va., June 17, 1864. West Point, 1851. Son of Dr. Samuel George. Assist, prof, of eng. at West Point in 1855-7; and in 1860, by authority of Congress, explored the Chiri- qui Country, Central Amer., for a railroad route across the Isthmus- On his return he took charge of the work on the Washington Aque duct. In Mar. 1861 he superintended the for tifying of the Tortugns; capt. engineers 6 Aug. 1861 ; app. chief engr. to the Army of the Ohio (Gen. Buell) in May, 1862 ; he aided in fortifying Nashville ; and when Rosecrans assumed com. of the Army of the Cumberland, and organized the pioneer brigade, he placed Gen. Morton in com. ; brig.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862. He rendered efficient service at the bat tle of Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862; was en- faged in the advance on Tullahoma, June- uly, 1863; wounded at Chickamauga ; and brev. col. 20 Sept. 1863 ; maj. engrs. 3 July, 1863 ; superintending engr. of defences of Nashville; chief engr. 9th army corps in Rich mond campaign ; and engaged at the North Anna 24 May, Tolapotomy 28-29 May, Bethesda 30 May, and assault of Petersburg, where he was killed while leading the attack ; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 17 June, 1864. Au thor of a "Memoir on Fortification," 1858; " Dangers and Defences of N.Y. City," 1859 ; and " Life of Maj. John Sanders of the En gineers," 1860. Cullum. Morton, JOHN, a signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Ridley, Pa., 1724 ; d. Apr. 1777. Of Swedish descent. Intelligent and well edu cated ; many years a surveyor, and a justice of the peace ; member of the Gen. Assembly of Pa. in 1756 and for many years subsequently, and speaker in 1772-5 ; delegate in 1765 to the Stamp-Act Congress; high sheriff 1766-70 ; subsequently pres. judge of C.C.P., and a judge of the Sup. Court of the Province ; mem ber Cont. Cong, in 1774-6. Upon the ques tion of adopting the Decl. of Indep., the Pa. delegation being divided, Morton gave the casting vote in the affirmative. He assisted in organizing the system of confederation for the Colonies, and was chairman of the com. of the whole upon its adoption. Morton, MARCUS, LL.D. (H.U. 1840), lawyer and politician, b. Freetown, Ms., Feb. 19, 1784; d. Taunton, Feb. 6, 1864. Brown U. 1804. He studied law; in 1811 was cho sen clerk of the Ms. senate ; was M.C. in 1 81 7- 21 ; member of the exec, council in 1823 ; lieut.-gov. in 1824; in 1825-39 a judge of the State Supreme Court; and was in 1840 and 1843 gov. of the State ; collector of the port of Boston in 1845-8, when he resigned; and, quitting the Democ. party, took part in the Freesoil movement. Member of the Const. Conv. of 1853, and of the State legisl. in 1858. Morton, NATHANIEL, historian, b. in the north of Eng. 1613; d. Plymouth, Ms., June 29, 1685. He came to America with his fa ther George (supposed to be G. Mourt of "Mourt s Relation") in July, 1623. He was sec. of Plymouth Colony from 7 Dec. 1647 to his death. His " New England s Memorial," written mainly from the MS. colls, of his uncle, Gov. Bradford, was pub. at Cam bridge in 1669 ; an edition was printed in 1721, and another in 1826, with many valuable notes by Hon. John Davis. It relates principally to Plymouth Colony, and has been of great ser- 641 MOR, vice to later historians. A 6th edition was pub. by the Cong. Board 1855. In 1680 he wrote a brief eccles. history of the Church at Plymouth, preserved in Young s " Chronicles of the Pilgrims." Morton, OLIVER P., b. Wayne Co., Ind., 4 Aug. 1823. Educated at the Miami U. ; adm. to the bar in 1847 ; app. judge 5th Jud. Circ. of Ind. in 1852; lieut.-gov. 1860; gov. 1861-5. rendering great service to the Gen. Govt. during war for the Union; U.S. sen. from 1 867 to his d. at Indianapolis, Nov. 1, 1877 ; app. minister to Eng. 23 Sept. 1870, and declined. Morton, SAMUEL GEORGE, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1820; Edinb. 1823), a disting. naturalist, b. Phila. Jan. 26, 1799 ; d. there May 15, 1851. In 1826 he established himself as a physician in Phila. He was rec. sec. of the Acad. of Nat. Sciences in 1825, and its pres. in 1840; was prof, of anatomy in the^Pa. Med. Coll. from Sept. 18, 1839, to Nov. 6, 1843; and was a member of many learned societies in various parts of the U.S., in Europe, and in the East. In 1834 he made a voyage to the W. Indies, where he studied the diversity of races, and the relations resulting from their contact. He contrib. many papers, on a wide range of subjects, to the " Transactions " of the Acad., the Med. and Physiol. Journal, Silliman s Jour- mil, and the "Transactions of thePhilos. Soci ety." Dr. Morton pub. "Illustrations of Pul monary Consumption," Phila. 1834; "An Il lustrated System of Human Anatomy," Phila. 1839 ; " Crania Americana," Phila. and Lond. 1839; and "Crania Egyptiaea" Phila. 1844. The former was pronounced by Prof. Silliman " the most important, extensive, and valuable contribution to the natural history of man which has yet appeared on the American con tinent." His collection of skulls, which em braced, according to the catalogue of 1849, no less than 1,512 specimens, of which about 900 were hum-an, is said to be the most extensive and valuable in the world. A selection of his inedited papers was pub., with additional con tributions from Dr. J. C. Nott and George R. Gliddon, under the title of " Types of Mankind, or Ethnological Researches, based upon the Ancient Monuments, Paintings, Sculptures, and Crania of Races," &c. A Memoir has been pub. by Charles D. Meigs, M.D., and an other by Geo. B. Wood, M.D. An appendix to the former contains a full list of Dr. Mor ton s writings. Morton, SARAH WENTWORTH (Apthorp), poetess, called " the American Sappho," b. Braintree, Ms., Aug. 29, 1759; d. Quincy, Ms., May 14, 1846. She m. at Quincy, Feb. 24, 1781, Hon. Perez Morton. She obtained great celebrity, under the signature of "Phile- nia," by her contributions to the Ms. Mag. Pub. in 1790 "Ouabi, or the Virtues of Na ture;" "Beacon Hill," a poem in 5 books, Boston, 1797 (see preface to Paine s "Ruling Passion," 1797); and in 1823, in 8vo, "My Mind and its Thoughts." Her husband PEREZ, lawyer and Revol patriot, b. Plymouth, Ms., 13 Nov. 1751, d. Dorchester, 14 Oct. 1837. H.U. 1771. Speaker of the house in 1806-11 ; atty.-gen. of Ms. 1811-32, and a deleg. to the State Const. Conv. in 1820. 41 Morton, THOMAS, b. Eng. ; d. Agamenti- cus, Me., ab. 1646. Author of " The New English Canaan," containing an account of the natives, a description of the country, and the tenets and practice of the Church, 4to, 1632; repr. in Force s Tracts, iii. He was a lawyer who came over with Weston s Company in June, 1622; and, returning, came again with Capt. Wollaston in 1625, and settled at Mount Wollaston, now Braintree. On May Day, 1626, this place was renamed Ma-re Mount, and became so obnoxious by the free and licen tious manners and lives of Morton and his associates, that he was taken and sent to Eng. in June, 1628. In 1629 he returned, but was again seized and transported in 1630, and his house demolished, " that it might no longer be a roost for such unclean birds." Returning again in 1643, after being arrested and im prisoned a year for his " scandalous book," he was dismissed with a fine in 1 644. Morton, WILLIAM THOMAS GREEN, M.D., discoverer of the use of ether as an anaesthetic in surgery, b. Charlton, Ms., Aug. 9, 1819; d. N.Y. City, July 15, 1868. Quitting his father s farm at the age of 17, he came to Boston, but, not succeeding in business, studied dentistry in Baltimore in 1840, and in 1842 settled in Boston, where he established a successful manuf. of artificial teeth on a large scale. While attending lectures at the med. coll. there, the idea was suggested to him that sulphuric ether might be used to alleviate pain in his operations. Satisfied of its safety by experi ment on himself, he administered it success fully Sept. 30, 1846, extracting without pain a firmly-rooted bicuspid tooth. The general introduction into surgery of ethereal anaesthesia dates from Oct. 16, 1846, when, at the request of Dr. J. C. Warren, ether was administered at the Ms. Gen. Hospital to a man from whose jaw a vascular tumor was removed, the patient remaining unconscious during the operation. This discovery is, without doubt, the most im portant benefaction ever made by man to the human race. Various claimants at once ap peared for the honor of originating it, among them Dr. C. T. Jackson. Dr. Morton, in Nov. 1846, obtained a patent for his discovery, under the name of " Letheon," offering, however, freo rights to all charitable institutions. Goyt. ap propriated his discovery to its use without compensation. In 1852 he received the large gold medal, the Monthyon Prize in medicine and surgery. He suffered persecution almost unparalleled in private, and before Congress ; his business was broken up; and even his house was attached by the sheriff for debt. From 1846 to 1854 he struggled incessantly to pro cure from Congress remuneration for his dis covery, but, notwithstanding the favorable re ports of the committees to whom the subject was referred, failed to receive it. _ The close of this struggle left him and his family in poverty. The principal medical men of Boston, New York, and Phila., signed an appeal for a nation al testimonial to Dr. Morton, concurring in as signing to him the merit of the discovery. In 1858, to save his house from a sheriffs sale for debt, he instituted a suit against a marine- hospital surgeon for infringing his patent, 1V1OS 642 MOT which was decided in his favor in the U. S. Circuit Court. (" Trials of a Public Benefac tor," by Dr. Nathan P. Rice, N.Y. 1860.) A pamphlet resp. his claims was pub. by R. H. Dana, 1848. Dr. M. pub. a work on "The Inhalation of Sulphuric Ether." See "Hist. Memoranda," &c., by J. I. Bowditch and others, 1871 ; and see also art. Horace Wells." Moseby, MART WEBSTER; d.1844, a. 52. Dau. of Robert Pleasants ; wife of John. G. Moseby of Richmond, Va. Contrib. to period- cals, and pub. in 1840 " Pocahontas," a legend, with hist, notes. AUibone. Mosquera (mos-ka -ra), DON RUY GAR CIA, a Spanish navigator, b. 1501, sailed with Seb. Cabot to S. America in 1526, and was sub sequently one of the founders of Buenos Ay res. Mothe Cadillac, ANTOINE DE LA, found er of Detroit, b. Gascony, ab. 1660; d. after 1717. Of noble birth. He served in Acadia as a capt. in the French army ; and in 1680 was ordered to France by Louis XIV. to furnish information relative to New France and the English Colonies, and especially to the con dition of the harbors and defences on the coast. In 1691 he was made lord of Bouagnat and Mount Desert, Me. In 1694 Frontenac app. him com. of Michilimacinac. Landing at De troit, July 24, 1701, he laid the foundations of the present city, which he named Fort Pontchar- train. The little settlement had among its enemies the Iroquois, the Jesuits, the gov.-gen. and all the Canadian officials, as De La Mothe, unlike them, received his commission directly from the king ; and, moreover, this post threat ened to divert profitable trade from Montreal and Quebec. Arrested at Quebec in 1704 upon charges of official misconduct, he was, after vexatious delays, triumphantly acquitted. He returned to Detroit in the fall of 1706, and in 1707 marched against the Miamis, and re duced them to terms. Visiting the Illinois country, he reported the discovery of a silver mine, afterward called the La Mothe Mine. He next established a post among the Indians of Ala. He punished the hostile Natchez tribe, who made peace; and a fort was erected in their country in 1714, named Fort Rosalie, in honor of Mme. de Pontchartrain ; another was built at Natchitoches to prevent the Spaniards approaching the French colony. App. in 1711 gov. of La.; in 1717 the John Law Scheme was perfected, and the govt. and trade of La. passed into the hands of the new " Western Co.," and De La Mothe returned to France. In 1787 the Commonwealth of Ms. confirmed to his grand-daughter Mme. Gregoire so much of Mt. Desert Island as i to others. Motley, JOHN LOTHROP, LL.D. (H. U. 1860), D.C.L. (Oxf. 1860), historian, b. Dor chester, Ms., Apr. 15, 1814. H.U. 1831. He spent a year at each of the Universities of Gottingen and Berlin ; afterwards travelled in Italy; returned to America; studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1836, but did little in the profession. In 1 839 he pub. a novel, " Mor ton s Hope;" in 1840 was sec. of legation to the court of Russia, but soon returned ; and in 1 849 produced another historical novel, " Merry Mount." Meanwhile contrib. articles on De Cr iviiiic. vjrrugune su mucii as was not already granted Tocqueville s "Democracy in America," and on Goethe and his writings, to the N. Y. Review, and on Peter the Great to the N.A. Review. Becoming interested in the history of Holland, he embarked for Europe, to gather material, in 1851, and in 1856 pub. in Lond. 3 vols. 8vo, entitled "The Rise of the Dutch Republic." This work was translated into the Dutch, Ger man, and French languages, the latter with an introduction by Guizot. Mr. Motley made a short visit to the U.S. in 1858, and in 1861 pub. " The United Netherlands," 2 vols. 8vo, completed in 1868 by two additional vols. He has been elected a member of various learned societies in Europe and America, among them the Institute of France. He m. a sister of Park Benjamin. In 1861 he pub. in the Lon don Times an elaborate essay entitled " Caused of the American Civil War;" and, 16 Dec. 1868, del. before the N.Y. Hist. Soc. an ad dress entitled " Historic Progress and Amer. Democracy." Nov. 14, 1861, he was app. min- ister-plenipo. to Austria; recalled in 1867. From April, 1869, to Nov. 1870, he was min ister to England. Mott, GEN. GERSHOM, b. Mercer Co., N. J., 1822. Was an officer in the Mex. war; lieut.- col. 5th N. J. Regt. in 1861 ; col. 6th N. J. Regt. 7 May, 1862; brig.-gen. 7 Sept. 1862; brev. maj.-gen. 10 Sept. 1864 ; maj.-gen. 1 Dec. 1865 ; served in the Peninsular campaign ; was wound ed at the second battle of Bull Run ; com. 2d N. J. Brig, in Sickles s division at Chancel- lorsville, and was again wounded ; was disting. at Gettysburg; com. 2d div. 3d corps in the operations before Richmond in 1 864-5 ; and wounded a fourth time in the pursuit of Lee. Mott, LUCRETIA (COFFIN), preacher of the Society of Friends, b. Nantucket, Jan. 3, 1793. Her parents removed to Boston in 1804, and to Phila. in 1809, where, in 1811, she m. James Mott, who became a partner with her father ; in 1817 she took charge of a large day-school in Phila., but began preaching in her 26th year; she travelled through N.E., Pa., Md., and a part of Va., preaching against slavery, and advocating the peculiar tenets of the Soci ety of Friends, obedience to the inward light, and a firm adherence to peace principles. In the division of the Society in 1827, Mrs. Mott adhered to the Hicksite party. She took an active part in organizing the American Anti- slavery Society in Phila. in 1833. She was a delegate to the World s Antislavery Conven tion in Lond. in 1840; but was excluded from a seat, a majority denying the right of women to tabe part in public assemblies. She ha:i taken an active part in woman s-rights con ventions held annually since 1848. Eminent Women of the Age, 1868. Mott, VALENTINE, M.D. (Col. Coll. 1806), LL.D., surgeon, b. Glen Cove, L. I., Aug. 20, 1785; d. N. York, Apr. 26, 1865. Henry his father, a disting. physician of N.Y., d. 1840, a. 83. After studying at Lond. and Edin burgh, he was app., on his return in 1809, to the chair of surgery in Col. Coll., which post he filled subsequently in the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons until 1826, and from 1826 till 1830 in the Rutgers Med. Coll. Dr. Mott afterward lectured in the Coll. of Phys. MOT 643 and Surgeons, and in the N.Y. University Med. Coll. as prof, of surgery and relative anatomy, of which latter branch of science he is the founder. In 1818 Dr. Mott placed a ligature around the brachio-cephalic trunk, only two inches from the heart, for aneurism of the right subclavian artery ; an operation which the patient survived 26 days. He exsected the entire right clavicle for malignant disease of that bone, applying 40 ligatures, the most dangerous and difficult operation, as he himself asserted, that can be performed upon the human body. He was the first to tie the primitive iliac artery for aneu rism, and was the first who removed the lower jaw for necrosis. Sir Astley Cooper says, " Dr. Mott has performed more of the great opera tions than any man living, or that ever did live." In 1835 he travelled extensively through England, the Continent, and the East. He pub. " Travels in Europe and the East," 8vo, N.Y. 1842; translation of Velpeau s "Opera tive Surgery," 4 vols. 8vo, N.Y. ; "Anniver sary Discourse " before the graduates of the N.Y.U. 1860; "Mptt s Cliniques," and several papers in med. periodicals ; and the " Transac tions of the N.Y. Acad. of Medicine." He re ceived many honors from American and Euro pean learned associations. Motte, REBECCA, a heroine of the Revol. ; d. in 1815 at her plantation on the Santee, S.C. Dau. of an English gentleman named Brewton ; m. Jacob Motte, a planter, in 1758, and was the mother of six children. A widow of fortune at the period of the Brit, occupancy of S.C., her fine large mansion was occupied by a gar rison of 150 men under Capt. McPherson; when it was attacked by Marion and Lee in May, 1781, and the expedient was adopted of setting fire to the house by fastening lighted combustibles upon the roof by means of arrows. Mrs. Motte herself supplied the means, present ing to Lee a fine bow and a bundle of arrows. This measure was successful : the garrison capit ulated, and the flames were extinguished with little damage. Gen. Thomas Pinckney m. two of her daughters in succession: a third m. Col. Wm. Alston of S.C. Moulton, ELLEN LOUISE (CHANDLER), magazine-writer, b. Pomfret, Ct., 1835; m. in 1855 Mr. William U. Moulton, a Boston edi tor ; contrib. to periodicals from the age of 1 5, under the signature of " Ellen Louise." She pub. "This, That, and the Other," a collection of stories, 1854 ; "Juno Clifford," a novel, 1855; "My Third Book," a collection of tales, 1859. She has written many articles in prose and verse ibr Harper s Mag. and Weekly. Duyckinck. Moulton, COL. JEREMIAH, b. York, Me., 1688; d. there July 20, 1765. Taken prisoner in 1692 by the Indians, he was released, with other children, in gratitude for the release of some Indian prisoners by Col. Church. In May, 1 724, he com. the company which attacked Norridgewock, destroying the village, and kill ing Father Ralle, the French missionary ; he coin, a regt. at the capture of Louisburg in 1 745 ; was afterward sheriff of the county, councillor, and judge of C. C. P. and of pro bate. Moulton, JOSEPH WHITE, historian, b. Stratford, Ct., June, 1789; resided in N.Y. City, where he practised law many years. He pub. a history of early New York, " New York 70 Years Ago," 1849; "View of the City of Orange (New York) as it was in 1673;" " History of the State of N.Y.," with J. V. N. Yates, 2 vols. 8vo, 1824-6; " Chancery Prac tice of N.Y.," 1829-32, 3 vols. 8vo ; " Mitford s Pleadings." Died Roslyn, L.I., Apr. 20, 1875. Moultrie, WILLIAM, maj.-gen. Revol. army, b. S.C. 1731 ; d. Charleston, S.C., Sept. 27, 1805. Son of Dr. John Moultrie, an emi nent physician of Charleston, b. Scotland, d ab. 1773. His education was respectable; and in 1761 he was a capt. of light inf. in the Cher okee exped. ; member of the Prov. Congress in 1775 from St. Helena parish; elected col. 2d S.C. Regt. June 17; and Dec. 19, 1775, by planting a battery in the night at Haddrill s Point, compelled two British vessels blockading Charleston harbor to move farther off; mem ber of the council of safety ; and early in Mar. 1776 was ordered to Sullivan s Island, where a fort made of palmetto-logs was building for the protection of the harbor. Here, June 28, 1776, an attack was made by a British fleet under Sir Peter Parker, and a large land-force under Sir H. Clinton. The gallant and suc cessful defence of Fort Moultrie earned for its commander imperishable renown, and saved the South from further attack for a long period. He was made a brig.-gen. Sept. 16, 1776, and transferred to the com. of a body of North- Carolinians at Haddrill s Point. In Feb. 1 779 he defeated a superior British force, under Col. Gardner, near Beaufort. In May, with 1,000 militia, he opposed the advance of Gen. Prevost upon Charleston ; retired before him, destroying bridges, and obstructing his march; threw him self into the city, and held it until the approach of Gen. Lincoln. In the spring of 1780 he again disting. himself at Charleston. On its capitulation he was taken, and remained a prisoner until exchanged, Feb. 1782, for Gen. Burgoyne; maj.-gen. Oct. 15, 1782; gov. of S.C. in 1785-6 and 1794-6. While a prisoner, he wrote his " Memoirs" .2 vols. 8vo, 1802. His bro. JOHN, M.D. (U. of Edinb.), eminent in literature and medicine, was a loyalist, and was lieut.-gov. of E. Florida. Mount, WILLIAM SIDNEY, artist, b. Se- tauket, L.I., Nov. 26, 1807 ; d. there Nov. 19, 1868. Bred a farmer s boy, at 17 he was ap prenticed to his bro., a sign-painter in N.Y. Placed in 1826 at the school of the Acad. of Design, of which he became a member in 1832; he produced in 1828 his first picture, a port, of himself; in 1 829 he established himself as a port. -painter in N.Y. A " Rustic Dance," in the Exhib. of 1830, attracted much atten tion. His pictures of humorous subjects, of negro life and physiognomy, have been high ly appreciated. Among his best pieces are " Husking Corn," " Walking the Crack," " The Sportman s Last Visit," "The Raffle," " The Courtship," " Nooning," " Bargaining for a Horse," " The Power of Music," " Music is Contagious," " Just in Time," " California News," " Banjo-Player," &c. Among his best portraits are those of Bishop Onderdonk and Gen. Jeremiah Johnson. M:OTJ 644 MOW Mountain, GEORGE JEHOSHAPHAT,D.D., O.C.L., son of Bishop Jacob, b. Norwich, Eng., 27 July, 1789; d. near Quebec, 6 Jan. 18G3. Trin. Coll., Camb., 1810. Ord. dea con Aug. 1812, priest 1813. He came to Can ada with his father in 1793; officiated as lec turer in the Quebec Cathedral in 1814; was rector of Frederickton, N. B., in 1814-17, when he became rector of Quebec ; archdeacon 1821; consec. bishop of Montreal 14 Feb. 1836, and in 1850 of Quebec. While bishop of Montreal, he administered that enormous diocese (since divided into six), travelling through its entire area until 1839. The whole of L. Canada remained under his supervision until 1850. In a visit to the Red River in 1844, he wrote many of those admired pieces contained in his " Songs of the Wilderness," Lond. 1846. In 1844 he founded Bishops Coll. Lennoxville. Author of "Journal of a North-west American Mission," Lond. 12mo, 1853. Morgan. Mountain, JACOB, D.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of Quebec, b. Thwaite Hall, Norfolk, 1750; d. near Quebec, June 16, 1825. Educated at the U. of Cambridge, and enjoyed in early life a particular intimacy with Mr. Pitt, who in 1793 app. him to the see of Quebec. He had previously held the livings of St. Andrew s, Norwich/ of Buckden, and of Holbeach, as well as a stall in Lincoln Cathedral. He was the first Prot. prelate in the Canadas. He promoted the formation of missions and the erection of churches in all the more populous townships, which he regularly visited, even when age and infirmity rendered so vast and fatiguing a circuit a most arduous and painful undertaking. He served upon some important occasions as a member ex officio of both the exec, and legist, councils of the province; sat frequently in the former capacity in the Court of Appeals ; and was a faithful and laborious servant of the public and of the crown. Morgan. Mountford, WILLIAM, Unitarian divine, b. Worcestershire, Eng. Educated at Manches ter Coll., York. Qrd. 1838. In 1850 became a minister at Gloucester, Ms. Author of " Chris tianity the Deliverance of the Soul," 1846 ; " Martyria," a legend, 1846; " Euthanasy," 1850; "Beauties of Channing," with an Es say; " Thorpe, a quiet English Town, and Life Therein," 1852; and "Miracles," 12mo, 1870, a timely book. He has contrib. to the Christ. Examiner and the Monthly Religious Mag. AUibone. Mountfort, JOHN, brev. major U.S.A., b. Boston, 2 Nov. 1789; d. there 22 Oct. 1851. Lieut. 3d Art. 24 Mar. 1812; brev. capt. for battle of Plattsburg 11 Sept. 1814; brev. maj. Aug. 1829. Disting. also in Seminole war. Mourt, G. (supposed by Drs. Young and Dexter to be George Morton), pub. a Rela tion, or Journal, of the English Plantation settled at Plymouth in New Eng., Lond 1622. This was abridged by Purchas, which abr. was repub. in Ms. Hist. Colls, viii. The parts of the original relation which are omitted in the abridgment are in Hist. Colls, ix. 26-74. An ed. with notes and an introd. by Rev. H. M. Dexter was pub. 1865, and another, by Rev. Geo. B. Cheever, in 1848, entitled "Journal of the Pilgrims." Mouton, ALFRED, gen. C.S.A. ; killed in the battle of Mansfield, Ark., April 9, 1864. Son of Alex., acting gov. of La. 1841-5, and U.S. senator 1837-42. He was wounded at Shiloh, and, at the time of his death, com. a division in Dick Taylor s army. Mowatt (RITCHIE), ANNA CORA, actress and author, b. Bordeaux, France, 1819; d. Eng. July 28, 1870. Her father, S. G. Ogden, a merchant of N.Y., and a leading spirit in Miranda s exped., m. a grand-dau. of Francis Lewis, signer of the Decl. of Indep., and went to France to recuperate his fallen fortunes. Fail ing in this, the family returned to N.Y., and suffered shipwreck on the passage. While at school, she attracted the attention of James Mowatt, a lawyer of N.Y., with whom she made a runaway match before she was 17. She soon after pub. " Pelayo," an epic in 5 cantos ; and " The Reviewers Reviewed," a satire against the critics of the former poem. Her health failing, she visited Europe, and wrote " Gulzara, or the Persian Slave." Fi nancial reverses overtaking her husband, Mrs. Mowatt, who had appeared in private theatri cals, resolved to give public readings. Her first was given at Boston, Oct. 28, 1841. An attractive person, a sweet voice, and ladylike manners, achieved for her a decided success ; and she continued her readings throughout the country. This occasioned a serious illness of two years, during which time she pub., under the pseudonyme of " Helen Berkley," "Evelyn," a novel, and "Fashion," a 5-act comedy. Under the tuition of W. H. Crisp and Thos. Barry, she prepared herself for the stage, and June 13, 1845, made her d&ut as Pauline, in the " Lady of Lyons," at the Park Theatre. She became a favorite with the pub lic, and began an engagement at the Howard Athenasum, Boston, Nov. 30, 1845. In Nov. 1847, she went to Europe; played successful engagements at Manchester, London, and Dublin; and was at onetime leading lady at the Marylebone Theatre. Her husband died abroad ; and her success in Eng. was at the time largely due to Mr. E. L. Davenport, with whom she acted for many months. After her return to America in July, 1851, she ap peared in all the leading cities, but took leave of the sta^e on being married, June 7, 1854, to W. F. Ritchie, editor of the Richmond En quirer. She afterward lived in Eng., and corresp. with several American papers. Her other writings are " Armand," a drama, 1847 ; "The Fortune-Hunter," 1854; "Autobiog raphy of an Actress," 1854; "Mimic Life," 1856; "Twin Roses," 1857; "Fairy Fin gers," " The Clergyman s Wife and Other Sketches," 1867 ; and " The Mute Singer." Mowatt, HENRY, capt. R.N. ; d. Hampton Roads, March, 1797. Lieut. M., with Gov. Pownal, selected a site for the fort on the Pc- nobscot in the spring of 1759. Oct. 18, 1775, he set on fire and destroyed a great portion of Falmouth (now Portland), Me. He continued on the Amer. coast throughout the war; be came a post-captain 26 Oct. 1782; and was at Nova Scotia in 1 7%. M10W 645 MHJH Mower, JOSEPH A., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Vt. ab. 1830; d. N. Orleans, 6 Jan. 1870. He received a plain education, and learned the trade of a carpenter. Private in an engr. com pany in the Mexican war ; app. from Ct. lieut. 1st Inf. 18 June, 1855; capt. 9 Sept. 1861 ; in the opening battles of the war in Ky. and Tenn. ; prominent in the capture of Island No. Ten ; conspicuous at Corinth, severely wounded, and was for a time in the hands of the enemy ; dis- ting. for his gallant defence of Milliken s Bend; brig.-gcn. of vols. 29 Nov. 1862; major-gen. 12 Aug. 1864 ; com. a brigade in the attack on Vicksburg in May, 1863, and in the Chatta nooga operations ; com. a division under Gen. Banks in La. in Apr. 1864, and under Sherman in the Atlanta campaign and in the Ga. and Carolina campaigns, and rose to the com. of the 20th corps ; brevs. of col. for capture of Jackson, Mpi., 14 May, 1863; brig.-gen. for Fort de Russv, La. ; and maj.-gen. for passage of the Salkehatehie, Ga., 13 Mar. 1865. Col. 25th Inf. 28 July, 1866. Mowry, SYLVESTER, author of " Geogra phy and Resources of Arizona and Sonora," 1865, b. R.I. ab. 1830. West Point, 1852. 1st lieut. 3d. Art. ; resigned 31 July, 1858. Dele gate to Congress from Arizona in 1857 and 59 ; U.S. comm. to run boundary-line bet. Cal. and the U.S. Ter. 1860-1. D. Lon. 17 Oct. 1871. Movlan, STEPHEN, brev. brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Ireland, 1734 ; d. Phila. Apr. 11, 1811. A bro. of the R. C. bishop of Cork. He was a resident of Phila. ; was among the first to hasten to the camp at Cambridge ; and, being a man of education and gentlemanly address, was selected by Washington, March 5, 1776, to be one of his aides-de-camp ; and June 5 was app. commiss.-gen. Want of exact business-habits unfitted him for that duty, and he soon resigned, and re-entered the line as a vol. Early in 1777 he com. the 4th Light Dragoons ; Oct. 4, 1777, was at Germautown; July 20, 1780, accomp. Wayne in the exped. to Bull s Ferry; in 1781, with the Pa. troops, accomp. Gen. Greene to the South ; and was made brig.-gen. by brev. Nov. 3, 1783. After the peace, he resided on a farm in Goshen ; was register and recorder of Chester Co., Pa., in 1792 and 93; and until his death commiss. of loans for the dist. of Pa. Vice-pres. Pa. Soc. Cincinnati, 1800. Mozier, JOSEPH, sculptor, b. Burlington, Vt., Aug. 22, 1812 ; d. Faids, Switzerland, Oct. 1870. Engaged in mercantile pursuits in New York from 1831 to 1845; then visited Europe, and studied his art at Florence and at Rome, v.-here he long resided. His best works are a statue of " Pocahontas ; " the " Wept^of Wish- ton- Wish," in the International Exhibition at London in 1862; statues of "Truth" and "Si lence," in the possession of the N. Y. Merc. Lib. Assoc. ; " Rebecca at the Well ; " " Esther ; " a group illustrating "The Prodigal Son; " an " Indian Girl at the Grave of her Lover ; " "Jephthah s Daughter;" the "White Lady of Avenel ; " and " Rizpah." Tuckerman. Mugford, CAPT. JAMES, a brave naval efiiccrof the Revol., b. Marblehead, Ms., 1749 ; killed while returning from Boston to Marble- bead, in repelling a boat-attack on his vessel, May 1 9, 1 776. He rendered most essential ser vice to the cause of liberty by capturing a Brit ish ship, just arrived in the vicinity of Boston, richly laden with arms, ammunition, and other warlike stores, intended for the British troops in Boston, and greatly needed by the Ameri cans at that early stage of the Revol. contest. Muhlenberg, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, b. at the Trappe, June 2, 1750; d. Lancaster, Pa., June 4, 1801. Son of Rev. Henry M. Ord. to the ministry of the Lutheran Church in Ger many ; officiated in Pa. and N. Y. City until the British entered; member Old Congress 1779-80; member and speaker of the State le- gisl. 1781-4; member and pres. of the council of censors ; was treas. of the State ; pres. of the conv. which ratified the U. S. Constitution ; M.C. 1789-97 ; and receiver-gen, of the land of fice ; and speaker of the 1st and 3d Congresses. His casting vote carried Jay s Treaty into effect. Muhlenberg, GOTTHILP HENRY ERNST, D.D., clergyman and botanist, b. New Provi dence, Pa., Nov. 17, 1753; d. Lancaster, May 23, 1815. Son of Rev. Henry M. Sent in Apr. 1763 to Halle, with his two elder bros., to complete his education. He left the U. in 1770; travelled through a considerable part of Ger many and Eng^. ; and, returning to Amer., was ord., and app. in 1774 third minister and assist. to his father in the Phila. cong. Minister of Lancaster from 1780 to his death. In 1786 he was elected a member of the Am. Phil. Soc., for whom his herbarium was purchased ; in 1793 member of the Naturforschender Freunde in Berlin ; of the Philos. and Phys. Societies of Gottingen in 1802; and was also a member of various other scientific associations. He pub. " Catalogus Plantarum Amer. Septent.," 1813; " Descriptio Uberior Graminium," &c., 1816; and left in MS. "Flora Lancastriensis." Muhlenberg, HENRY AUGUSTUS, cler gyman and statesman, b. Lancaster, Pa., May 13, 1782; d. Reading, Pa., Aug. 11, 1844. He was educated under the supervision of his fa ther, Rev. Ernst. He was pastor of the Lu theran church at Reading, Pa., from 1802 until 1828, when he resigned in poor health, and re tired to a farm. M.C. in 1829-38, and chair man of several important committees ; candi date of the Democ. party for gov. in 1835, he was unsuccessful; and, after declining in 1837 the secretaryship of the navy and the mission to Russia, was minister to Austria in 1838- Sep. 1840. One of his sons, HENRY A., M.C. 1853-4, d. 9 Jan. 1854. Ho pub. the Life of his uncle, Gen. Muhlenberg, Phila. 1849. Muhlenberg, HENRY MELCHIOR, D D., patriarch of the Lutheran Church in America, b. Eimbeck, Hanover, Sept. 6, 1711 ; d. Oct. 7, 1787. He was a pastor, and also gave in struction in Francke s Orphan House at Halle. In the fall of 1742 he came a missionary to Phila. ; but afterward lived at the Trappe, Montgomery Co. He devoted himself to preaching, searching out and relieving the des titute, building up churches, and visiting dis tant points as far even as Ga. In 1748 he was instrumental in organizing the first Lutheran synod in Amer., that of Pennsylvania. " The Life and Times of Muhlenberg," by M. L Stoever, has been pub. by the Lutheran Board M1TJH 646 of Publication. He was the principal contrib. *o the Ila/lische Nachrichten, Halle, 1747-63. Muhlenberg, JOHN PETER GABRIEL, maj.-gen. Revol. army, b. at the Trappe, Pa., Oct. 1, 1746; a. near Schuylkill, Pa., Oct. 1, 1 807. Son of the preceding, and.with his bros., was educated in Germany. While at Halle, he ran away from college, and was for a year, and until discovered by a friend of his family, a private in a regt. of dragoons. His father prepared him for the ministry of the Lutheran Church. Ord. in 1772, and officiated as a clergyman at Woodstock, Va., for a few years, but, after the commencement of the Revol., re solved to lay aside his clerical robes, and, enter ing the pulpit for the last time, in the course of his sermon told his hearers that there was a time for all things, a time to preach, and a time to fight, and now was the time to fight. After the services, he stripped off his gown in the pulpit, and, appearing in full uniform, read his commission as col., and ordered the drummers to beat up for recruits. Large num bers of his parishioners joined his standard; and the " German regt." (8th Va.) was dis- ting. for its discipline and bravery. He had been in 1774 chairman of the com. of safety in his county, and also a member of the house of burgesses, and in 1776 a member of the State convention. He was in the battle at Charleston in 1776; Feb. 21, 1777, was made brig.-gen., and ordered to take charge of the Va. line ; joining the army at Middlebrook in May following, he was in the battles of Bran- dywine, Germantown, and Monmouth, and was at the capture of Stony Point ; holding the chief com. in Va., in 1780, until the arrival of Steuben, he opposed the invasions of Leslie and Arnold, and, when Cornwallis entered Va., he was next in com. to Lafayette; he com. the first brigade of light inf. at Yorktown, and at the close of the war was made a maj.-gen. Removing to Pa., he was immediately elected a member of the council; in 1785 was chosen vice-pres. of Pa. ; was M.C. 1789-91, 93-5, and 1799-1801 ; was U.S. senator in 1801-2 ; and was app. by Jefferson supervisor of the revenue for the Dist. of Pa. ; in 1803 he was made collector of the port of Phila. See Life of Gen. M., by H. A. Muhlenberg, 1849. Muhlenberg, REV. WILLIAM AUG., D.D. (Col. Coll. 1834), was for many years the head of St. Paul s Coll., Flushing, L. I. ; then rector of the Epis. Church of the Holy Communion, N.Y. In 1823 he pub. " Church Poetry ; " and has since pub., in connection with Dr. Wainwright, " Music of the Church ; " " The People s Psalter," new ed. 1858; and nas also produced several highly-esteemed hymns, the best known of which is, "I would riot live alway;" d. N. Y. City, Apr. 8, 1877. Mullaney, J- R. MADISON, commo. U. S.N., b. N.Y. Oct. 26, 1816. Midshipm. Jan. 7, 1832 ; lieut. Feb. 29, 1844 ; capt. July 25, 1866 ; commo. 1870. Engaged at the capture of Tabasco in the Mexican war ; com. steam er " Wyandotte " at Pensacola, in Apr. and May, 1861 ; and aided in protecting Fort Pick- ens from rebel attacks, and also in its re-enforce ment ; com. steamer " Bienville," Apr. 1862- Aug. 1864 ; occasionally engaged with the forts on the coast ; com. steam-sloop " One!- da" during attack on Forts Morgan and Gaines, rebel iron-clad " Tennessee," and gun boats, Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864; lost left arm, and received a wound in the leg, by a shell from " The Tennessee " in that battle ; com. Medit. squad. 1869-71. Homers!//. Mulligan, COL. JAMES A., b. Utica) N.Y., of Irish parents, June 25, 1830; d. of wounds in Winchester, Va., July 26, 1864. His family removed to Chicago in 1836; and he, after grad uating at the U. of St. Mary of the Lake in 1850, began to study law. In 1851 he accornp. J. L. Stephens, the explorer, to the Isthmus of Panama. Returning to Chicago, he re sumed his studies, and edited a weekly Catho lic paper, the Western Tablet. Adm. to the bar in Nov. 1855; in the winter of 1857 he was a clerk in the dept. of the interior at Wash ington. Soon after the war broke out, he be came col. 23 111. Inf.; Sept. 1, 1861, he left Jefferson City for Lexington, Mo., took the com., and defended the place heroically for 9 days against an attack in overwhelming force by Gen. Price ; he surrendered Sept. 20, and was exchanged Nov. 25. Returning to Chica go, he re-organized his regt., and, after a short lecturing-tour in the Eastern States, took com. of camp Douglas, and afterward participated in several hard-fought battles in Va. He was offered a commission as brig.-gen., but declined it. Munford, WILLIAM, lawyer and poet, b. Mecklenberg Co., Va., Aug. 15, 1775 ; d. Richmond, Va., June 21, 1825. Wm. and Mary Coll. His father, Col. Robert Munford, a Revol. patriot, was the author of two dra matic compositions, entitled "The Candidate," and "The Patriots," pub. at Petersburg, Va., 1798. The son studied law under George Wythe; was in 1797-1801 a member of the house of delegates ; served four years as sena tor ; was then a member of the privy council until 1811 ; and was clerk of the house of del egates from 1811 to his death. He was also for several years the reporter of the decisions of the Sup. Court of Appeals in Va., of which 4 vols. (1806-9) were prepared in conjunction with W. W. Hening; and 6, from 1810 to 1820, were from his own pen. In 1819 he assisted in revising the Va. statute laws. Also author of an early vol. of Poems, &c., Richmond, 1798; and a translation of the Iliad into blank verse, 1846. In 1806 he delivered in the capitol at Richmond a funeral eulogium on his friend Chancellor Wythe. Munoz, JOHN BAPTIST, a Spanish histo rian, b. Musono, near Valencia, in 1745 ; d. Apr. 1800. Educated in the U. of Madrid. He acquired considerable reputation by his writings on theology and philosophy. App. cosmogra- pher of the Indies by order of the king, he be gan a history of America, of which he lived to pub. only one vol., under the title of " Htsto- ria del Nuova Mundo," Madrid, folio, 1795. Munroe, JOHN, brev. col. U.S.A., b. Scot land ; d. N.Brunswick, N. J., Apr. 26, 1861. West Point, 1814. Entering the art., he be came capt. 2 March, 1825 ; brev. maj. for cam paigns against the Florida Indians, Feb. 15, 1838 ; major 2d Art. Aug. 18, 1846 ; chief of 647 MTJPt art. to Gen. Taylor, July, 1846 ; brev. lieut.- col. for Monterey, Mex., May, 1847; brev. col. for battle of Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 1847 ; military and civil gov. of N. Mexico, Oct. 1849-1850; lieut.-col. 4th Art. Nov. 11, 1856. Munsell, JOEL, printer and editor, b. Northfield, Ms., Apr. 14, 1808. Established himself in Albany, 1827; pub. and edited " The New- York State Mechanic," 1841-3 ; compiled " Annals of Albany," 10 vols. 12mo, Albany, 1850-9 ; " Chronology of Paper and Papermaking," 3d ed., 8vo, 1864 ; "Every-day Book of History and Chronology," 8vo, 1858; " Collections on the History of Albany," 3 vols. 8vo, 1865-70; "Outline of the Hist, of Printing, and Sketches of Early Printers," 8vo, 1 839. He has also pub. " Historical Series," 10 vols., partly edited and annotated by himself, and other hist, works ; and has pub. also the Unionist, Albany Daily State Register, Albany Morning Express , and Statesman, His large coll. of works on printing was in part purchased by the State for its library. Mr. Munsell has also contrib. papers to " The Trans." of the Albany Institute. Few if any of our hist, societies have done so much as lie in publishing Amer. docu mentary history ; and much of it has been done without remuneration. Munson, ./ENEAS, M.D., physician, b. N. Haven, June 24, 1734 ; d. there June 16, 1826. Y. C. 1753. He studied divinity under Dr. Stiles ; was chaplain to Lord Gardner, sta tioned at Long Island in the French war of 1755; studied medicine under Dr. John Dar- ly ; entered upon practice at Bedford, N.Y., in 1756; and in 1760 removed to New Haven, where, for more than 50 years, he enjoyed a high reputation. Pres. of the Med. Soc. of Ct., and was a prof, in the Med. School of Y. C. from its organization until his death. Dur ing the Kevol. war, he was often in the legisl. Hfs son ^ENEAS (Y. C. 1780), assist, surgeon Revol. army 1780-3, afterward a merchant of N. II., d. there 22 Aug. 1852, a. 89. Thacher. Murat, PRINCE CHARLES Louis NA*PO- LEON AC.HILLE, son of the king of Naples, b. Paris, Jan. 21, 1801 ; d. in Jefferson Co., Fla., Apr. 15, 1847. After the expulsion of his family from Italy, Prince Murat resided in Austria until 1821, when he removed to the U.S., and settled in Florida. He m. a grand- niece of Washington, and wrote " A Moral and Political View of the U. S.," 1832; " America and the Americans," 1849. Murdoch, JAMES EDWARD, elocutionist ani comedian, b. Phila. 25 Jan. 1811. He made his d&ut upon the Phila. stage in 1829 ; first appeared in the Tremont Theatre, Boston, in Aug. 1836 ; and at the Park Theatre, N.Y., in 1838, as Benedick, in "Much Ado about Nothing ; " and in 1840-1 was manager of *he Chestnut-st. Theatre, Phila. He played at the Haymarket, London, in 1856. In 1858 he bought a farm in Lebanon, O. He has played in the principal theatres of the U.S., and excels in genteel comedy ; he is also dis- ting. as an elocutionist ; and, in conjunction with Win. Russell, pub. " Orthophony, or Cul ture of the Voice," 12mo, Boston, 1845. Dur ing the Rebellion, Mr. Murdock devoted him self to the care of the sick and wounded sol diers, and gave entertainments all over the coun try in aid of the Sanitary Commission, serving for a while on the staff of Gen. Rousseau. Murdock, JAMES, D.D. (H.U. 1819), Cong, clergyman and author, b. Westbrook, Ct.. Feb. 16, 1776; d. Columbus, Mpi., Aug. 10, 1856. Y.C. 1797. Of Scotch-Irish descent. He was left an orphan at the age of 14. He stud ied theology under Timothy Dwight; for a short time was preceptor of Hopkins gram mar-school, New Haven, and also, for one year, of Oneida Acad. Licensed to preach in Jan. 1801 ; ord. minister of Princeton, Ms., June 23, 1802; in 1815 he became prof, of ancient lan guages in the U. of Vt. ; and from 1819 to 1828 was prof, of sacred rhetoric and eccles. hist, in the And. Theol. Sera. In 1829 he removed to New Haven. While at Andover, he pub. two discourses on the Atonement. He pub. a translation from the German of Muen- scher s " Elements of Dogmatic History " in 1830; a translation of Mosheim s "Eccles Hist.," accomp. by notes, 3 vols. 8vo, 1832 and " Sketches of Moral Philos.," 1842 ; a literal translation of the New Test., from the Paschito Syriac version ; and a translation, from the Latin, of Mosheim s " Commentaries on the Affairs of the Christians before the Time of Constantine the Great," 8vo, N.Y. 2 vols. 1852. Pres. of the Ct. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, vice-pres. of the Ct. Philolog. Society, and one of the founders of the Amer. Oriental Society. A notice of him is in "Brief Memoirs of the Class of 1797," by Thos. Day and James Murdock. Murphy, HENRY CRUDE, politician and author, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., 3 July, 1810. Col. Coll. 1830. Adm. to the bar in 1833; prac tised in Brooklyn ; was city atty. ; mayor in 1842; M.C. 1843-9; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1846; minister to Holland in 1857-61; and, since, a member of both branches of the State legisl. In early life he was a con trib. to the Amer. Quarterly Review and other periodicals. He has written much in illustra tion of the early Dutch history of N.Y. For the N.Y. Hist. Colls, he translated De Vrie s "Voyages from Holland, 1632-44," and "Broad Advice to the United Netherland. Provinces ; " "Anthology of New Netherland, or Transla tions from the Early Dutch Poets of N.Y., with Memoirs," 1865. In 1868 he pub. a transl. of a Journal of a Voyage to N.Y. in 1679-80. See Notice in Democ. Rev. xxi. 78 ; Duyckinck. Murphy, JOHN, gov. of Ala. 1825-9, b. S.C. 1786; d. Clark Co., Ala., Sept. 21, 1841. S.C. Coll. 1808. He was clerk of the senate of S.C. ; and M.C. from Ala. in 1833-5. Murrah, PENDLETON, gov. Texas 1863-5 ; b. Ala.; d. Monterey, Mex., 23 Sept. 1865. Brown U. 1848. Murray, COM. ALEXANDER, senior officer of the U.S.N., b. Chestertown, Md., 1755; d. at his seat near Phila. Oct. 6, 1821. His grandfather, who settled in Barbadoes, was an adherent of the Pretender; and his father was a physician. He went to sea early, and com. a vessel in the European trade at the age of 18. App. a lieut. in the Revol. navy at 21 ;"and, no vsesel being in readiness to receive him, he 648 served in Smallwood s Md. regt. at White Plains, Flatbush, and N.Y. ; was made a capt., and served bravely to the close of the campaign of 1777. About the time of the evacuation of New York, he was severely injured by the bursting of a piece of ordnance in a battery at which he was stationed. He com. at different periods several letters-of-marque, and in a number of well-fought naval actions exhibited intrepidity and skill. Having been captured by an English fleet, and soon afterwards ex changed, he volunteered his services as a licut. on board the frigate "Trumbull," which, after clearing the capes of Delaware, and during a ter rible storm at night, was attacked and taken by two British vessels of war. In this san- guinarv engagement Murray behaved with dis- ting. gallantry, and was severely wounded. On his recovery and exchange, he was selected as first lieut. of" The Alliance " frigate, com. Bar ry. He was in 13 battles in the army and navy. When our govt. organized a navy, he was com missioned capt. (July 1, 1798) ; the com. of the corvette " Montezuma," 20 guns, was given him ; and he subsequently com. the frigates "Insurgent" and "Constellation." Being despatched with a squadron to the Mediterra nean in 1802, his ship, while alone, was at tacked by a squadron of Tripoline gunboats, which he drove into their own harbor. Murray, ALEXANDER, commo. U.S.N., b. Pa., Jan. 2, 1818. Midshiprn. Aug. 22, 1835; lieut. Aug. 12, 1847; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866; commo. 1871. Engagedat Tabasco, Tuspan, and Vera Cruz, and slightly wounded at Alvarado, during the Mexican war; in coast survey 1846-9 and 1857-9; com. steamer "Louisiana," N.A.B. squad., 1861-2; at repulse of rebel steamer "York- town," off Newport News, Sept. 1861 ; battle of Roanoke Island, Feb. 8, 1862; destruction of Lynches fleet, Feb. 10, and battle of New- bern, Feb. 14, 1862 ; engaged with Wise s di vision, battle of Winton, N. C., 1862 ; com. naval forces at battle of Kinston, N.C., and at repulse of Hill s forces from Newbern, N.C. ; com. naval exped. up the York and Pamunkey Rivers, destroying 27 vessels, in May, 1862; on special duty in the sounds of N.C. 1863 ; com. steamer " Augusta," special service, 1866- 7. Hamersly. Murray, JAMES, a British gen. ; d. June, 1794. He was 5th son of the 4th Lord Eli- bank; was made lieut.-col. 15th Foot, Jan. 5, 1751 ; served with Wolfe in the exped. against Rochefort ; Jan. 5, 1758, was made col. in America in the exped. against Louisburg, where he com. the 2d brigade ; was junior briga dier under Wolfe at Quebec in 1759, com manding the 3d brig, on the Plains of Abraham ; was app. gov. of Quebec, Oct. 23, 1759; was commissioned col. com. 1st batt. Royal Amer ican regt. Oct. 24; maj. -gen. July, 1762 ; gov. of Quebec, Nov. 21, 1763, to 1766; col. 13th Foot, Dec. 1767; lieut.-gen. May 25, 1772; lieut.-gov. of Minorca in 1774; gov. 1778; gen. 1783; gov. of Hull 1785; and col. 21st Fusileers, June 5, 1789. Though defeated by l)e Levis in the second battle of Quebec, yet by his courage and ability he held Quebec until uid arrived from Eng. Gen. Murray was sub sequently disting. for his gallant though un successful defence of Minorca, in 1781, against De Crillon. Murray, JAMES, a partisan officer in the service of the E.I. Co., b. Exeter, R.I., ab. 1 765 ; d. 1806. In consequence of a quarrel with his family, he went to sea in early life, changing his name (Lillibridge) to that of Murray, la 1790 he entered the service of Holkar, the fa mous Mahratta chief, and soon became noted for his bravery and military skill. Incurring the displeasure of Holkar by his humanity to some British officers, after 15 years service he aban doned him, and, raising a large force, occupied as a sovereign a large dist. When the war broke out between the British govt. and Seiu- dia, Murray joined Lord Lake with a body of 7,000 cavalry, and was employed by him in many dangerous and important services. At the siege of Bhurtpore he was in continual action, and attained the character of being the best partisan officer in the army. At the close of the war, having acquired a large fortune, he de termined to return to America. At a splendid entertainment given by him a few days before his intended departure from Calcutta, he mounted a favorite Arabian horse to leap over the dining-table, a feat which he had often performed for the entertainment of his guests ; but the horse, having his feet entangled in the carpet, threw his rider, who died from his inju ries soon after. He was the best horseman in India, and unrivalled in the use of the broad sword. Murray, JAMES, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, a dissenting divine and author; d. Eng. 1782. Author of " History of the American War," 4 vols. 8vo, London, July 29, 1778; "Sermons to Asses," 12mo; and "A History of the Churches of England and Scotland," 3 vols. 8vo, 1771. Murray, JOHN, the founder of Universalism in Amer., and an eloquent preacher, b. Alton, Hampshire, Eng., Dec. 10, 1741 ; d. Boston, Ms.t Sept. 3, 1815. His pious parents, who brought him up strictly, removed with him to Cork, Ireland, in 1752. He early became a convert to Methodism, and an occasional preacher in Wesley s connection. Returning to Eng. ab. 1760, he adopted Universalism; emig. to the U.S. in 1770; and preached in N. Y., N. J., and subsequently in Newport, Boston, Portsmouth, N.H., and other places in New Eng., where his doctrines occasionally subjected him to violence. He resided in Gloucester, Ms., in 1774, and was ordered to depart on suspicion of being a British emissary ; but, through the exertions of his friends, he was enabled to remain and preach. In the spring of 1775 he was chaplain of the R.I. brigade be fore Boston ; but a severe illness terminated this connection, and he returned to Gloucester, where he was established over a society of Universalists. He took part in the first Uni versalist convention at Oxford, Ms., 1785, and for a number of years was a delegate to the gen. convention of that body. In 1788 he visited Eng. ; and in 1793 was installed over u society in Boston, where he passed the rest of his life. He published 3 vols. of Letters, and Sketches of Sermons, 1812-13; and wrote an 649 MT2S Autobiography, of which the 8th edition was pub. in 1860, 12mo, Boston. His widow, JU DITH SARGENT, sister of Winthrop Sargent, a native of Cape Ann, d. Natchez, MpL, June 6, 1820, a. 69. She wrote " The Repository and Gleaner/ 3 vols. 1798, over the nom de plume " Constantia ;" also poetical essays, signed " Honoria Martesia," in the Boston Weekly Magazine. Murray, JOHN, Presb. minister, b. Antrim, Ireland, 22 May, 1742; d. Newburyport, Ms., 13 Mar. 1793. Educated at Edinburgh. He came to Amer. in 1763 ; settled first as a pas tor at Phila. ; from 1767 to 1779 in Boothbay, Me. ; and from 4 June, 1781, till his d., at New buryport. Such was his eloquence, that a full company was raised for the Revol. army in two hours after his address for that purpose. He acquired great ascendency over the people of his district by his powers as a preacher and his patriotic activity. In Aug. 1777 he held a corresp. with Com. Collier about an exchange of prisoners. He pub. 3 sermons on Justifica tion, 1780; 3 sermons on the Original Sin im puted, 1791. Murray, LINDLET, grammarian and au thor, b. Swetara, near Lancaster, Pa., 1745 ; d. near York, Eng., Feb. 16, 1826. His father, who removed to New York in 1753, was a member of the Society of Friends, and a mer chant. The son, after receiving a good educa tion, studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1 766, and soon after married. His limited practice was temporarily interrupted by a visit to Eng. ; but, on his return to New York in 1771, he re newed it with more success. Mr. Murray s religious principles preventing him from taking part in the Revol. struggle, he retired to Islip, L.I., and employed his leisure in an abortive attempt to make salt. The bar, at this period, holding out little prospect, he became, like his father, a general merchant in N.Y. City, and with such success, that he was enabled, near the close of the war, to retire from business with a handsome competency. In 1784 he made a second voyage to Eng. for his health, and pur chased a small estate at Holdgate, about a mile from York, upon which he resided till his death. In 1787 he pub. a tract entitled " The Power of Religion on the Mind," which passed through 1 7 editions. His next work, and that by which he is principally known, was his " English Grammar," tirst pub. in 1795 ; succeeded by his " English Exercises" and " Key," an abridg ment of which treatises was, in 1797, pub. in one volume. His other writings are " The English Reader," with an introduction and se quel ; " The Eng. Spelling-Book ; " a new edi tion of his Grammar, Exercises, and Key, in 2 8vo vols. ; a selection from Home s " Com mentary on the Psalms ; " and " The Duty and Benefit of Reading the Scriptures." He wrote a memoir of his own life, pub. after his decease, with a continuation by Elizabeth Frank, York, 1826. His bro. JOHN, Jun., philanthropist of N.Y., b. 3 Aug. 1758, d. 4 Aug. 1819. Murray, NICHOLAS, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1843), clergyman and author, b. BallynasloAv, Ireland, 25 Dec. 1802; d. Elizabethtown, N.J., 4 Feb. 1861. Wms. Coll. 1826. He came to the U.S. in 1818, and was apprenticed in the printing-house of Harper & Bros. He studied theology at Princeton, N. J. ; was settled pastor of a Presb. church in Wilkesbarre, Pa., in 1829 ; and from June, 1833, to his death, was pastor of the First Church, Elizabethtown, N. J. Moderator of the Presb. Gen. Assembly (O.S.) in 1849. In 1853, and again in 1860, he visited Europe. His " Letters to Archbishop Hughes," under the signature of " Kirwan," pub. in 1847, controverting with shrewdness and ability some of the doctrines and practices of the R.C. Church, were extensively reprinted in other lands, and gave him considerable reputation. He also pub. "Notes, Historical and Biog., concerning Elizabethtown, N. J.," 1844 ; " Ro manism at Home," 1852; "Men and Things as I saw them in Europe in 1853 ; " " Parish and other Pencillings," 1 854 ; " Happy Home," 1859 ; " Preachers and Preaching," 1860 ; " American Principles, and National Prosperi ty ; " and a series of Letters to the N. Y. Observ er during his last visit to Europe. A posthu mous vol. of his sermons, entitled " A Dying Legacy," was pub. 1861. An interesting me moir of Murray is in a vol. of Memoirs by S. I. Prime. Murray, REV. WILLIAM HEN. HARRISON, Cong, clergyman, b. Guilford, Ct., 26 Apr. 1840. Y.C. 1862. Licensed to preach in 1863, he officiated several years in Greenwich and other places in Ct. Since Nov. 1868 he has been pastor of Park-st. Church, Boston. Author of " Camp-Life in the Adirondack Mountains," 1868; "Music-hall Sermons," 1870. Eminent as a pulpit-orator and a lyceum-lecturer. Murray, WILLIAM VANS, diplomatist and orator, b. Md. 1762; d. Dec. 11, 1803, at his seat in Cambridge, Md. Receiving a classical education, he went to Lond. after the peace of 1 783, and studied law in the Temple. The ob servations of Price, Turgot, and Mably, sug gested his pamphlet on " The Constitutions and Laws of the U.S.," which was much com mended. He returned to Md. ab. 1785, and engaged in the practice of the law. Member of the Md. legisl., and of Congress in 1791-7. His name is conspicuous in the legislative an nals of that period, few equalling him in elo quence, or the other qualifications of a member of a deliberatiye assembly. App. by Washing ton in 1797, min.-pleni. to Batavian repub lic, he restored the harmony which had been interrupted by the influence of France, and was app. by Pres. Adams sole envoy-extraordinary to the French republic. Judge Ellsworth and Gov. Davie were afterwards assoc. with him. Mr. Murray assisted in making the convention which was signed at Paris, Sept. 30, 1800, be tween America and France ; then returned to his station as minister resident at the Hague, and in Dec. 1801 to his own country. Musgrave, SIR THOMAS, 5th bart., a British gen., b. 1738 ; d. Dec. 31, 1812. Capt. 64th Regt. 1759; brev. major 1772; lieut.-coL 40th Regt. Aug. 28, 1776; col. and aide-de-camp to the king 1782; brig.-gen. in Amer. 1782; maj.-gen. 1790 ; gen. 1802. He was wounded at the battle of Pel ham Manor, Oct. 18, 1776. At the battle of Germantown, Oct. 4, 1777, ha saved the day by throwing himself with 5 conv panics into Chew s stone house, where he sue- 650 cessfully lield the Amer. forces at bay until the repulsed British columns could rally"; and the Americans were compelled to abandon the field on which they came so near success. Muspratt, SUSAN WEBB, well known to the theatrical world as Miss Susan Cushman, Sarticularly famed for her delineation of uliet; b. " Boston, Mar. 17, 1822; d. Liver pool, Eng., May 11, 1859. Younger sister of Miss Charlotte Cushman: m., 1st, N. M. Mer- riman of Boston, Mar. 14, 1836 ; 2d, Prof. J. S. Muspratt of the Liverpool Royal Coll. of Chemistry, Mar. 22, 1848. She first appeared upon the stage in N.Y. City in 1837, and, after a brilliant career of 10 years acting in Europe and America, retired from the stage in Liver pool in 1847. Mussey, REUBEN DIMOND, M.D.,LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1854), surgeon, b. Pelham, N.H., June 23, 1780; d. Boston, June 21, 1866. Dartm. Coll. 1803; Phila. Med. School 1809. He practised in Salem from 1809 to 1814 ; was prof, of physic at Dartm. from 1814 to 1819, and of anatomy and surgery until in 1838 he became prof, of surgery in the Ohio Med. Coll. He resigned in 1852, and until 1860 was prof, of surgery in the Miami Med. Coll. ; he then settled in Boston, and pub. " Health, its Friends and its Foes/ In 1830 he proved what Sir Astley Cooper had said was impossible, that intra-capsular fractures could be re-united. He was the first to tie both carotid arteries. In 1837 he removed the entire shoulder-blade and collar-bone of a patient suffering from osteo surcoma, the first operation of the kind on record. He was an early laborer in the temper ance cause, and applied the same principle to articles of diet. Pres. of the N.H. Med. Soc. Muter, GEORGE, chief justice of Ky. ; d. May 9, 1811. App. in 1777 lieut.-col. of Marshall s Va. Art. Regt., Revol. army. Mutis, DON JOSE CELESTINO, Spanish botanist and physician, b. Cadiz 1732; d. 1808, leaving unfinished his " Flora of New Grana da," a most valuable work. He became prof, of anatomy at Madrid in 1757; and in 1760 accomp. the Spanish viceroy to S. Amer. as his physician, and, devoting himself to scientific explorations, was the first to distinguish the various species of cinchona, the different prop erties of which he has described in his " Historia de las Arboles del Quina." App. in 1 790 director of the Royal Acad. of Nat. Hist, at Santa Fe . Muy, JEAN BAPTISTE Louis PHILIPPE DE FELIX, Comte du, a French gen., b. Olieres, Dec. 25, 1751 ; d. Paris, in June, 1820. He entered young into the service, and in 1775 received from his uncle, Marshal Du Muy, sec. of war, the com. of the regt. of Soissonnais. Succeeding to the title of his father, Oct. 10, 1775, he made, at the head of his regiment, three campaigns of the American war, 1780-2, and disting. himself at Yorktown. Made mare- chal-de-camp in 1788; served in 1792 in the Army of the South, being named gen. of divis ion ;*in 1795 was insp.-gen. of art. in the Army of the North; served in Egypt; was captured by the English while on his return to France ; was soon afterwards exchanged ; made the cam paign of 1806 against the Prussians and Rus- fians ; disting. himself, and obtained the govt. of Silesia, In Jan. 1811 he was elected to tho senate ; com. the 2d military division at Mar seilles in 1812-14, and was called to the cham ber of peers in 1815. Myers, ALBERT J.,brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. Geneva Coll. 1847. M.D. U. of Buffalo, 1851. Assist, surgeon U.S.A. Sept. 1854; maj. and chief signal-officer U.S.A. July, 1860; aide to Gen. McDowell at Bull Run ; com. signal corps, Army of Potomac ; col. signal corps, Mar. 1863 ; introd. study of milit. signals at West Point, 1863 ; chief sig. off. div. W. Mpi. May, 1864; brev. lieut.- col. for services at Hanover C. H., Va. ; col. for Malv. Hill, and brig.-gen. for dist. services in the signal corps, especially Oct. 5, 1864, in saving by timely signals the post and garrison of Allatoona, Ga. Author of " Manual of Signals for U.S.A. and Navy," 1868. Henri/. Myers, PETER HAMILTON, novelist, member of the Brooklyn bar; b. Herkimer, N.Y., Aug. 1812. He has written " The First of the Knickerbockers, a Tale of 1673," 1848 ; " The Young Padrone, or Christmas in 1690," 1849 ; " The King of the Hurons," 1850, repub. in Eng. as " Blanche Montaigne ; " and " The Prisoner of the Border, a Tale of 1838," 1857. He has also written 5 prize tales, for 3 of which ("Bell Brandon," "The Miser s Heir," and " The Van Veldons ") he received prizes of $200 each. In 1841 he delivered a poem on science before the Englessian Society of Hobart Free College. Nack, JAMES, poet, b. N.Y. City ab. 1807. Deaf and dumb in consequence of an accident in childhood. Author of " The Legend of the Rock, and other Poems/ 1827 ; " Earl Rupert, and other Poems," with a memoir of Nack by P. M. Wetmorc, 12mo, 1839 ; " The Immortal, and other Poems," 1850; _" Poems," 1852, with introd. by Geo. P. Morris; also translations from the Dutch, German, and French. His "Minstrel-Boy " is autobiographical. Allibone. Nadal, BERNARD H., D.D., LL.D., Meth, clergyman and scholar, b. Md. 1815; d. Madi son, N.J., 20 June, 1870. Dick. Coll. Joining the Baltimore conf. in 1835, he preached in Md., Va., and Del., afterwards in Washington, Phila., Brooklyn, and N. Haven ; became a prof, in Asbury (Ind.) U. ab. 1850; was for one session chaplain to Congress ; and on the organization of the Drew Theol. Scm. became S of. of church history, and, on the death of r. McClintock, acting pres. While in Ind. he pub. " Essays upon Church History " in the Meth. Quart. Review, which marked him as one of the ablest writers of his denomination. He was a forcible writer, and a chief coutrib. to the Methodist. Naglee, GEN. HENRY MORRIS, b. Phila. Jan. 15, 1815. West Point, 1835. He served a few months in the 5th Inf.; was a civil engineer until the Mexican war, in which he served as capt. 1st N. Y. Vols. ; afterward en gaged in commercial pursuits in San Francisco, where he is now (1870) a banker; 14 May, 1861, he was made lieut.-col. 16th Inf. ; resigned Jan. 10, 1862; brig.-gen. vols. Feb. 4, and joined Hooker s div. on the Lower Potomac ; on the Peninsula he com. the 1st brigade, Casey s div., at Williamsburg and Fair Oaks, 651 where ho was wounded ; in Oct. he was attached to Keyes s army corps at Yorktown, Va., of which he was made military gov. ; com. div. dept. of N.C. and dept. of South 1863; com. 7th army corps July Aug. 1863 ; mustered out 4 Apr. 1864. Naglee, GEN. JAMES, b. Pa. ; d. Pottsville, Pa., Aug. 22, 1866. Capt. 1st Pa. Vols. during the Mexican war; and in Apr. 1861 became col. 6th Pa. (3 months) Vols., serving at the first battle of Bull Run ; as col. 48th Pa. fought gallantly at South Mountain, where he com. a brigade in Sturgis s div. of Burnside s corps; made brig.-gen. Sept. 10, 1862; maj.- gen. 29 Nov. 1862. Res. May 9, 1863. Narvaez (nar-va-eWj, PAMPHILO DE, a Spanish adventurer, b. Valladolid, and went to America soon after its discovery. He served under Esquibal, gov. of Jamaica, and was in 1520 com. of the unsuccessful exped. sent against Cortes by Velasquez, gov. of Cuba; he was defeated, and made prisoner by Cortes at Zamprala. He sailed in Apr. 1528 with 400 men, intending to establish a colony in Fla. ; discovered the Bay of Pensacola, and having marched into the country, where he passed nearly 6 months, embarked with his men in boats of their own manufacture, and perished in a storm near the mouth of the Mpi. in Sept. Four survivors of this exrjed. succeeded, after extraordinary hardships, in reaching Mexico by land in 1536. Nash, ABNER, statesman, b. Prince Edward Co., Va. ; d. N.Y. Dec. 2, 1786. At an early age he went to Newbern, N.C., where he studied and practised law many years ; mem ber of the Prov. Congress in Aug. 1774, of the council in 1775, and of the Congress and com. that formed the State constitution in 1776 ; member of the house of commons in 1777-8 ; speaker of the Senate in 1779 ; gov. from 1780 until the spring of 1781, when he resigned; again a member of the Assembly in 1782-5, he was sent by that body a delegate to Con gress in 1782-4 and 1785-6. Both his health and property were sacrificed to his country. His first wife was the widow of Gov. Arthur Dobbs. Bro. of Gen. Francis, and father of Judge Frederick Nash. Nash, GEN. FRANCIS, bro. of Abner; d. Oct. 7, 1777. While clerk of the Superior Court for Orange Co., N.C., he was a capt. under the Crown, and served under Gov. Tryon against the regulators at the battle at Alla- mance, in 1771 ; member of the Prov. Congress at Hillsborough, Aug. 21, 1775 ; and was app. by that body a lieut.-col. in the Continental service ; in Feb. 1777 he was made a brig.-gen. by Congress; joined Gen. Washington, and com. a brigade at the battles of the Brandy- wine, Sept. 11, and Germantown Oct. 4 of the same year, where he was mortally wounded. Nash, FREDERICK, jtarist, b. Newbern, N.C., Feb. 9, 1781 ; d. Hillsborough, N.C., Dec. 4, 1858. N. J. CoU. 1799. "Son of Gov. Abner. Studied law ; represented Newbern in the h. of commons in 1804-5 ; removed to Hills- borough in 1808 ; represented Orange Co. in the leghl. in 1814-15, and Hillsborough in 1827-8; was a judge of the Superior Court in 1818-26, and in 1836-44, when he was transferred to the supreme bench, which he occupied till his death. Nash, SIMEON, b. S. Hadley, Ms., 1804. Amh. Coll. 1829. Began to practise law at Gallipolis, 0., 1833; in Ohio Senate 1839 and 41; member const, convent. 1850; elected judge 7th dist. 1851. Author of "Digest of Ohio Reports," 8vo, 1853; "Pleading and Practice under the Civil Code," 8vo, 1856; contrib. to Western Law Journal. Nason, REV. ELIAS, b. Wrentham, Ms., Apr. 21, 1811. Brown U. 1835. His boy hood was passed at Hopkinton, a portion of "it at the celebrated " Frankland Place," the his tory of which he has written. He has devoted much time to the study of music and the lan guages. In 1836 he lectured on the Southern flora, in the South; in 1837 pub. the Georgia Courier in Augusta ; then taught the acad. at Waynesborough, Ga. ; in 1840-9 was a teacher in Newburyport ; was licensed to preach in 1849; and has been pastor of Cong, churches at Natick, Medford, and Exeter, N.H. He has pub., besides sermons, and collections of music, Lives of Sir Charles H. Frankland (1868) and Susanna Rowson (1870) ; and Eulogies on Lincoln, Everett, and Gov. Andrew, delivered bef. the N. E. Hist, and Geueal. Soc. Boston. His Lives of Frankland, Rowson, and of Rev. Nathaniel Howe, are good specimens of anti quarian biography. He has been editorially connected with the N.E.H. and G. Reg., and is a popular lecturer. Duyckinck. Nast, THOMAS, artist, b. Landau, Bavaria, 1840. Son of a musician in the Bav. army, who brought him to the U.S. in 1846. The only art-instruction he received was in draw ing for 6 months with Kaufman. At 15 he be gan drawing for an illust. paper, and made mon ey enough to enable him to visit Europe in 1 860. In 1862 he began his remarkable series of illus tration for Harper s Weekly. In 1866 he de signed a series of grotesques for the bal d opera, each of which was a palpable hit. Among his best efforts are his " Union Advance arriving at a Plantation," " The Chicago Platform," " Compromise with the South," and "Amphi- theatrum Johnsonianum." His best pictures are of an allegoric-political character, and evince both originality and power. Nauman, GEORGE, lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. Lancaster, Pa., 7 Oct. 1802 ; d. Phila. Aug. 11, 1863. West Point, 1823. Disting. in battle of Wahoo Swamp, Fla. ; capt. 4 Feb. 1837 ; brev. maj. for the battle of Cerro Gordo, Apr. 18, 1847 ; brev. lieut.-col. for the battles of Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847; wounded in battle of Chapultepec; maj. 3d Art. Dec. 24, 1853 ; lieut.-col. 1st Art. July 23, 1861. Neagle, JOHN, portrait-painter, b. Boston, Nov. 4, 1799; d. Phila. 1865. Apprenticed to a coach-painter in Phila., he began taking like nesses there in 1818. In 1826 his "Patrick Lyon, the Blacksmith," gave him reputation. He m. a dau. of Sully the painter in 1820. He was 8 years pres. of the Artists Fund Soc. of Phila. Among his portraits are Washington in Independence Hall, Phila., Gilbert Stuart, Mrs. Wood as Amina, Mathew Carey, Henry Clay, Dr. Chapman, and Com. Barron. Neal, DANIEL, historian and divine, Ik 652 Lond. Dec. 14, 1678; d. Bath, Eng., Apr. 4, 1743. Educated at Rowe s dissenting school, and at the U. of Utrecht ; and from 1 706 till his death was minister of a cong. in London. In 1720 he pub. a " History of New England," 2 vols. 8vo. His most considerable work, " The History of the Puritans/ appeared in 1732-8 in 4 vols., and is highly creditable to his abili ties. It has been replied to by Warburton, Maddox, and Grey, whose objections were an swered by Toulmin in a new edition of the work in 1797. He also wrote "A Narrative of the Method and Success of inoculating for the Small-Pox in New England," 8vo, 1722, which led to an interview with the Prince and Princess of Wales. An edition of " The Hist, of the Puritans," revised and enlarged, with notes by J. 0. Choules, was pub. in two vols. 8vo, 1844. Neal, JOHN, author and poet, b. Portland, Me., Aug. 25, 1793. Brought up in the So ciety of Friends, at 25 he received his dis missal from that body. At the age of 12 he was a shop-boy in Portland ; a few years later, he taught drawing and penmanship in the prin cipal towns of Maine. In 1814-15 he was a dry -goods jobber in Boston and New York; then established himself in Baltimore as a wholesale dealer in partnership with John Pier- pont; failed in 1816; studied law; but deter mined to support himself by his pen, and wrote for the Portico several years ; in 1 81 7 he pub. his first novel, " Keep Cool; " in 1818 "The Battle of Niagara, Goldau, and other Poems ; " in 1819 " Otho, or the Bastard," a 5-act tragedy; and about the same time he assisted in writing " The History of the American Revolution," by Paul Allen. Adm. to the Md. bar in 1819; pre pared an index to " Niles s Register" of 50 vols. in 1823; pub. " Seventy-six," "Logan," " Randolph," and " Errata," written severally, according to his own account, in periods of from 27 to 30 days. He went to Eng. in Jan. 1824 ; wrote for Blackwood s Mag. and other periodi cals, and resided with Bentham during a con siderable portion of his career in Eng. After a brief visit to Paris and the Continent in 1827, he returned to America. He settled at Port land ; was an active contrib. to various periodi cals and newspapers, a practitioner in the courts of law, and a public lecturer ; and also estab lished gymnasiums, and gave lessons to large classes in sparring and fencing. He gave up his profession in 1850. His chief productions are " Brother Jonathan," 3 vols. Lond. 1825; "Rachel Dyer," 1828; " Bentham s Morals and Legislation," 1830; "Authorship, a Tale," 1833 ; " The Down-Easters," 2 volumes, 1833 ; "One Word More," 1854; "True Woman hood, a Tale," 1859 ; and " Wandering Recollec tions;" d. Portland, June 20, 1876. Neal, JOSEPH CLAY, humorist, b. Green land, N.IL, Feb. 3, 1807; d. Phila. July 18, 1 847. James, his father, was minister of Green land. Joseph, after several years residence in Portsmouth, went to Phila. bef. 1820; became editor of the Pennsylvanian ; and, after a tour in Europe and Africa for his health in 1841-2, assumed in 1844 the editorship of the Saturday Gazette, which he continued till his death. He was remarkable for hurnor and caustic satire. His first humorous compositions were "Th City Worthies," a series of sketches which ap peared in the Pennsylvanian. In 1837 he pub. " Charcoal Sketches," reprinted in London un der the auspices of Charles Dickens; in 1844 he pub. " Peter Ploddy and other Oddities," and subsequently a new series of " Charcoal Sketches." Neale, LEONARD, D.D., R. C. archbishop of Baltimore, b. Md. 1746; d. Georgetown, D.C., June 18, 1817. Consec. coadjutor to Archb. Carroll, Dec. 7, 1800 ; succeeded him as archbishop in 1815. Neale, ROLLIN HEBER, D.D. (B.U. 1850), b. Southington, Ct., Feb. 23, 1808. Col. Coll.. Wash., 1829. Pastor First Bapt. Ch., Boston, since 1838. Author of " The Burning Bush," and occasional sermons and discourses. Neckere, LEO DE, D.D., R. C. bishop of New Orleans, consec. 1829; d. Sept. 4, 1833. Needham, FRANCIS, Earl of Kilmorey, a British gen., b. Apr. 15, 1748; d. Nov. 21, 1832. Cornet 18th Dragoons 1762 ; capt. 17th Dragoons, May 1 774 ; served through the Amer. war, and was present at the blockade of Bos ton, the actions in the Jerseys, White Plains, Monmouth, Germantown, Elizabethtown, in Va., and finally at Yorktown on its surrender. App. in 1793 aide-de-camp to the king, and col. in the army; in 1794 adj.-geii. to Lord Moira in the exped. to the coast of France ; served during the Irish rebellion, and was present at the battle of Vinegar Hill; maj.-gen. 1795; lieut.-gen. 1802; gen. 1812; and received the patent of his earldom in 1822. Neely, HENRY ADAMS, D.D.,Pr.-Ep. bish op of Me. (consec. 25 Jan. 1867), b. Fayette- ville, N.Y., May, 1830. Hob. Coll. 1849; tu tor there 1849-51. Ord. deacon 19 Dec. 1852, and assist, rector of Calvary Church, Utica; ord. priest 18 June, 1854, having in Mar. 1854 become rector. Rector of Christ Church, Roch ester, from Oct. 1, 1855, to the autumn of 1862, when he became 1st chaplain of Hob. Coll ; two years later, he became assist, min. of Trin. Ch., N. Y. City, with the full pastoral care of Trin. Chapel. He m. in 1858 Mary, dau. of John Delafield of Geneva. ISTegley, GEN. JAMES S., b. East Liberty, Allegheny Co., Pa., Dec. 26, 1826. Enlisting as a private in the 1st Pa. Regt., he took part in the siege of Puebla, the battle of Cerro Gor- do, and other engagements in the Mexican war, and afterward applied himself to agriculture and horticulture. He com. a brigade of State militia when the civil war began, and aided in organizing and disciplining volunteers. He com. a brigade under Patterson on the Upper Potomac; was made brig.-gen. vols. Oct. 1, 1861 ; served under Gen. O. M. Mitchell in Northern Ala. ; was afterward com. of the 8th division of Buell s Army of the Ohio, and sta tioned at Nashville, Tenn. ; Oct. 7, 1862, he de feated at Lavergne a Confed. force under An derson and Forrest ; and took part in the bloody battle of Stone River, receiving for hia gallantry the grade of maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; at Chickamauga he held the position of Owen s Gap Sept. 19-20, 1863. M.C. 1869-71 from Pittsburg. Neill, REV. EDWARD DUFFIELD, sec. of 653 th3 Minn. Hist. Soc., b. Phila. 1823. U. of Pa. and Amh. Coll. Son of Henry Neill, M.D., of Phila. From Apr. 1849 a Presb. divine at St. Paul, Minn. Sec. to President Johnson 1867-8; now (1871) consul at Dublin. Author of "Annals of the Minn. Hist. Soc.," 8vo, 1856; "Hist, of Minnesota/ 8vo, 1858; "Hist, of the Virginia Comp.," 1869; "Fairfaxes of England and Araer.," 1868; " Eng. Coloniza tion of Amer. during the 17th Century," 1871; " Terra Marine, or Threads of Md. Colonial Hist." Contrib. to Biblioiheca Sacra and Pres byterian Quarterly Review. Neill, WILLIAM, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1812), b. near Pittsburg, 1779; d. 1860. N.J. Coll. 1803; tutor there until Oct. 1805. Minister at Cooperstown, N. J., Oct. 1805-Sept. 1809; at Albany, Sept. 1809-Sept. 1816; at6thPresb. Phila. Sept. 1816-24; pres. Dick. Coll. 1824- 9 ; sec. and gen. agent Presb. Board of Educ. 1829-31 ; minister of Germantown, Pa., 1831- 42; afterward a resident of Phila. Author of "Lects. on Bibl. Hist.," 1846; " Exposition of the Epistle to the Ephesians," 1850 ; "Divine Origin of the Christian Religion," 1854; "Min istry of 50 Years, with Anecdotes and Remi niscences," 8vo, 1857. Dr. N. edited the Presb. May. for some years, and contrib. to religious periodicals. Allibone. Neilson, COL. JOHN, Revol. officer, b. near N. Brunswick, N. J., March 11, 1745; d. there Mar. 3, 1833. Educated in Phila. and a mer chant in N. Brunswick in 1769-75. He raised a company in 1775; was app. col. Aug. 31 of a regt. of minute-men, and was actively en gaged in repelling British inroads until Sept. 18, 1780, when he was made dep. qmr.-gen. for N. J. Early in 1777 he planned and success fully executed the surprise of a British post at Bennett s Island. Member Old Congress 1778- 9. In the N. J. convention to ratify the Federal Constitution, Col. N. was its zealous and influ ential advocate. Nelson, ALBERT HOBART, judge, b. Mil- ford, Ms., March 12, 1812; d. McLean Asy lum, Somerville, Ms., June 27, 1858. H.U. 1832. Son of Dr. John Nelson. Adm. to the bar, he practised law in Concord until 1842, when he removed to Woburn, and had his office in Boston. He was several years dist. atty. for Middlesex and Essex ; State senator 1 848-9 ; in 1 855 one of the exec, council ; and a few months afterward was app. chief justice of the Superior Court, Nelson, DAVID, M.D., clergyman, b. near Joneshorough, Tenn., Sept. 24, 1793; d. Oak land, 111., Oct. 17, 1844. Wash. Coll., Va., 1810. He studied medicine in Danville, Ky., and the Phila. Med. School. As surgeon of a Ky. regt., he went to Canada in the war of 1812. On his return he was found nearly dead of fa tigue and hunger by his relative Col. Allen. Returning from infidelity to his first religious convictions, he forsook a lucrative professional career to become a Presb. minister ; and was licensed to preach Apr. 1825. He preached 3 years in different parts of Tenn., and was en gaged in the publication of the Calvinistic May. In 1828 he succeeded his bro. Samuel as pastor of the Presb. church in Danville, Ky. j in 1830 he removed to Mo., and was greatly instrumental in establishing a college in Marion Co., of which he became first pres. In 1836 Dr. Nelson, who was a warm emanci pationist, owing to a disturbance growing out of the slavery question, removed to the neigh borhood of Quincy, III., and established an in stitute for the education of young men as mis sionaries. This, like the former institution, failed, partly from Dr. Nelson s want of busi ness qualifications. Author of " Cause and Cure of Infidelity," which has passed through many editions ; besides many contributions to the public journals of the day. Spraaue. Nelson, HUGH, minister to Spain in 1823- 25, b. Va. ; d. Albemarle Co. Mar. 18, 1836. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1785-90. He had been speaker of the house of delegates of Va. ; judge of the Gen. Court; and M.C. 1811-23. Nelson, CAPT. JOHN, a patriotic citizen of Ms., who headed the party that took prisoner Gov. Andros in 1689. Was a near relative to Sir Thos. Temple. Hutchinson tells us that he was not allowed any share in the subsequent govt., on account of his being an Episcopalian, While on a trad ing- voyage to Nova Scotia, he was taken by the French, and imprisoned in Quebec. While there, he wrote a letter, dated Aug. 26, 1692, to the court of Ms., which gave particular information of the designs of the French, in consequence of which he was sent to France, where he remained in prison two years. Having found means to inform Sir Purbeck Temple of his condition, a demand was soon after made for his release or exchange. The immediate effect of this was his transfer to the Bastille as a person of consequence ; but he was finally discharged, and returned to his family after an absence of 10 or 11 years. Sav age says he d. prob. 4 Dec. 1721. Eliot. Nelson, JOHN, lawyer, b. Frederick, Md., 1 791 ;d. Jan. 18,1860. Wm.andM. Coll. 1811. M.C. 1821-3 ; charge d affaires to the Two Si cilies 1831-3 ; U.S. atty. -gen. Jan. 2, 1844, to Mar. 5, 1845 ; A.M. of N. J. Coll. 1825. Nelson, JOSEPH, LL.D. (Rutgers Coll. 1825), the blind prof, of Latin and Greek in Rutgers Coll., N. J.; d. 1830, a. 46. Col. Coll. 1804. Such was his power of memory, that he was an excellent teacher. Nelson, ROBERT, Revol. patriot, and chan cellor of Va. ; d. Malvern Hills, Va., Aug. 4, 1818, a. 65. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1769. He was the last of 5 bros. of whom Gov. Thos. was the eldest, all of whom disting. themselves by their zeal and their sacrifices for their coun try. Robert and Wm. were captured by Tarle- ton in June, 1781. Prof, of law in Wm. and Mary Coll. 1813-18. Nelson, GEN. ROGER, Revol. soldier, and M.C. from Md. 1804-10; d. Fredericktown, June 7, 1815. At the battle of Camden he received several severe wounds, and was left on the field. After the war he studied and prac tised law with success. Many years in the Va. legisl., and from 1810 to 1815 was judge of the Upper Dist. of Va. Nelson, SAMUEL, LL.D. (Mid. Coll. and Gen. Coll.), jurist, b. Hebron, N.Y., Nov. 10, 1792. Mid. Coll. 1813. Of Irish descent. Adm. to the bar of N.Y. in 1817 ; practised successfully in Cortland Co. ; delegate to the 654 State Const. Conv. of 1821 ; and postmaster of Cortland ; judge of the Circuit Court 1823-31 ; of the State Supreme Court 1831-7 ; chief justice 1837-45 ; app. judge U.S. Supreme Court, Feb. 14, 1845; d. Cooperstown, N.Y., Dec. 13, 1873. Nelson, THOMAS, Revol. statesman and soldier, b. York Co., Va., Dec. 26, 1738; d. there Jan. 4, 1789. His father Wm., many years pres. of the council (d. Nov. 19, 1772, a. 60), sent him in his 14th year to Cambridge, Eng., where he was educated at Trinity Coll. While on his way home, he was elected, though scarce 21, a member of the house of burgesses. In his 24th year he m., and settled at Yorktown, where his family possessed valuable estates. Member of the first convention at Williams- burg, in Aug. 1774; in 1775 he was again a member of the prov. convention; and in July he was app. col. of the 2d Va. Regt., which he resigned upon being elected to the Cont. Con gress. A conspicuous member of the conven tion which in May, 1776, framed a constitution for the State; and, July 4, signed the Decl. of Indep. He resigned his seat in Congress ^ in May, 1777 ; in Aug. was app. com.-in-chief of the State forces, and soon after raised a troop of cavalry, with which he repaired to Phila. Resuming his duties in the legisl., he strongly opposed the proposition to sequestrate British property, on the ground that it would be an unjust retaliation of public wrongs on private individuals. Again in Congress in Feb. 1779, he was again obliged by indisposi tion to resign. In May, however, he was sud denly called upon to organize the militia to re pel a marauding exped. of the enemy. A loan of $2,000,000 being called for by Va. in June, 1780, Gen. Nelson, on his personal security, raised a great portion of the loan. He also advanced money to pay 2 Va. regts., ordered South, which had refused to march until their arrears were discharged. His ample fortune was now so seriously impaired, that he was involved in pecuniary embarrassments in the latter part of his life. From June until Nov. 1781 he was gov. of the State, opposing the enemy, who were ravaging the State, with all the mi litia he could muster. At the siege of York- town, where he com. the Va. militia, he again displayed his disinterested patriotism by direct ing that his own splendid mansion, the sup posed headquarters of Lord Cornwallis, should be bombarded. His services and those of his troops were highly commended in General Or ders, Oct. 20, 1781. With an impaired con stitution, he passed the rest of his days in retire ment. He d. so poor, that his remaining pos sessions were sold to pay his debts. His statue is one of the 6 placed around the Washington Monument at Richmond, Va. Two of his bros. were officers of the Revol. army, Maj. John and Win. (rnaj. 7th Va. Regt. Feb. 29, 1776). Nelson, THOMAS H., diplomatist, b. Ma son Co., Ky., ab. 1824. Bro. of Gen. Wm. Removed early in life to Rockville, and subse quently to Terre Haute, Ind., where he has been prominent in law and in politics. An advocate and debater of great address and power, and one of the founders, in the West, of the Repub. party. Minister to Chili 1861-6; minister to Mexico since March, 1869. Nelson, WILLIAM, chancellor; d. Wil- liamsburg, Va., Mar. 8, 1813, a. 53. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1776-81. Prof, of law there in 1804-13. Nelson, GEN. WILLIAM, b. Maysville, Ky., 1825 ; d. Louisville, Ky., Sept. 29, 1862. Bro. of Thomas, minister to Chili. Entering the navy in 1840, he com. a naval battery at the siege of Vera Cruz, and afterward served in the Mediterranean. Promoted to master in 1854, and lieut. in 1855; in 1858 he was or dered to " The Niagara" when she carried back to Africa the negroes taken from the slaver " Echo." At the outbreak of the civil war, he was on ordnance-duty at Washington ; pro moted to lieut.-com., and detailed to command the gunboats on the Ohio, he was soon detached from this duty, placed under the authority of the sec. of war, and ordered to Ky. He organ- nized camp " Dick Robinson," between Gar- rardsville and Danville, and another at Wash ington, Mason Co. ; was very successful in raising troops; and had several contests with the Confederates in Eastern Ky. Made brig.- gen. Sept. 16, 1861 ; he com. the 2cl division of Gen. Buell s army at the battle of Shiloh ; was wounded at the battle of Richmond, Ky. ; and took com. at Louisville when it was menaced by Gen. Bragg s army; maj.-gen. of vols. July 17, 1862. He was shot by Gen. Jefferson C. Davis in a personal quarrel, occasioned by his overbearing disposition, and his harsh and un just treatment of that officer. Nelson, WOLFRED, M.D., a Canadian physician and patriot, b. Montreal, July 10, 1792 ; d. June 17, 1863. The son of an Eng lish commissariat officer. He studied medicine, and began practice in 1811 at St. Denis on the Richelieu River. During the war of 1812 he was surgeon of a batt. raised in that dist. In 1827 he represented Sorel in parliament. Be lieving his Canadian countrymen entitled to the same rights as their fellow-subjects in Great Britain, he took up arms in 1837, the year of the rebellion, and won the victory of St. Denis ; but was captured, and exiled to Bermuda. He settled in Plattsburg, N.Y., in 1838 ; but, when the amnesty was declared in Aug. 1842, went to Montreal. Elected to parliament from Richelieu in 1844, and again in 1845 ; declin ing a third election, he was in 1851 made insp. of prisons, becoming chairman of the board in 1859. He was also pres. of the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons for Lower Canada, and twice mayor of Montreal. ROBERT his bro., also a physician, in 1838 led an invading force into Canada, which was speedily overthrown. He withdrew to Cal., and subsequently practised in New York. Nesmith, JOHN, manufacturer, b. Lon donderry, N.H., Aug. 3, 1793; d. Oct. 15, 1869. He began life poor ; was an apprentice in acountry store ; afterward went into business for himself with his bro. Thomas, and, remov ing to N.Y., built up a lucrative business. In 1 831 they removed to Lowell, Ms., and invested largely in real estate and in manufactures. He was a large owner in the Merrimack Woollen Mills Co., and made a large sum by securing the supply of water in Winnipiseogee and Squam Lakes as reservoirs for the Lowell mills in dry NET 655 seasons. He secured the site where the city of Lawrence now stands, and the control of the water-power there. Among his inventions were those of machinery for making wire fence and shawl-fringe. He held various offices in the city govt. of Lowell; waslieut.-gov. of Ms. in 1862, and U.S. revenue coll. for the dist. He was a firm supporter of the temperance cause, and made liberal donations to charitable and benevolent objects. Nettleton, ASAHEL, D.D. (Hamp. Sid. 1839), clergyman, b. N. Killingworth, Ct., Apr. 21, 1783; d. May 16, 1844. Y.C. 1809. Hav ing studied theology, he was licensed to preach May, 1811 ; and in 1817 was ord. by the South Consociation of Litchfield Co. Hi s preaching was so effective, that he gave up his intention of being a missionary ; and from 1812 to 1822 brought about revivals in 32 villages of Ct., in Western Ms., and the adjacent towns in N.Y. In 1827 he pub. a vol. of " Village Hymns." He went to Va. for his health in 1827; re turned in 1829, and preached in N. Eng. and N.Y. until 1831. In the spring of that year he made a voyage to Eng., also visiting Scot land and Ireland. Returning in 1832, he was shortly after app. prof, of pastoral duty in the newly-organized theol. sem. at E. Windsor; and, though he did not accept the office, he took up his residence in the place, and lectured occasionally to the students. Dr. Nettleton s sermons were chiefly extemporaneous. In later life he opposed the doctrinal views of the New-Haven school of theology. See Memoir by Bennett Tyler, D.D. ; Remains and Sermons, ed. by Rev. 13. Tyler, 12mo, Hartford. Neuman, JOHN NEPOMUCENE, D.D., R.C. bishop of Phila. ; consec. Mar. 28, 1852; b. Bohemia, Mar. 28, 1811; d. Jan. 5, 1860. U. of Prague. Ord. priest at N.Y. Jan. 25, 1836; and subsequently entered the order of the Most Holy Redeemer. Neuwied,or Wied, MAXIMILIAN ALEX ANDER PHILIPPE, Prince of, a German natu ralist and traveller; b. Sept. 23, 1782. He held the rank of maj.-gen. in the Prussian army, and explored Brazil from 1815 to 1817. He pub. " Reise nach Brasilien," 2 vols., Frank fort, 1819-20 ; " Abbildungen zur Naturgesc/tichte Brasiliens" Weimar, 1823-31; and " Beitruge zur Naturgeschiclite Brasiliens" 4 vols., Weimar, 1824-33. He subsequently travelled in the U.S., and wrote " Reise durch Nor darner ika," with 81 plates, 2 vols., Coblentz, 1838-43; Lond. 1843. He is the uncle of the present Prince Herman of Wied. Neville, EDMUND, D.D., b. London. Ord. Prot.-Epis. Ch., Phila., 1840. Had charge of St. Thomas s Ch., Taunton, Ms., until 1842; rector of St. Philip s, Phila., 1842-50 ; of Christ Ch., N. Orleans, 1850-2 ; of St. Thomas s Ch., N.Y., 1852-6; returned in 1856 to Taun ton ; and in 1857 became rector of Trinity Ch., Newark, N. J. Author of " Autumnal Leaves," 1845 ; " George Selwood," 1848 ; " Questions on the Morn, and Even. Services," 1849 ; on "Nevin s Bibl. Antiq.," 1849 ; Sermons, and contribs. to National Preacher. A/libone. Neville, GEN. JOHN, Revol. soldier, b. on the head-waters of the Occaquan, Va., 1731 ; d. Montours Island, near Pittsburg, 29 July, 1803. He engaged in Braddock s exped. in 1755; settled near Winchester, where he was some time sheriff; was in 1774 a dcleg. from Augusta Co. to the Prov. Convention; was col. 4th Va. Regt. in the Revol. war, and served at Trenton, Princeton, Gcrmantown, and Mon- mouth ; after the war he was a member of the exec, council of Pa., and, being a U. S. insp. under the excise law, was engaged in suppress ing the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794. Neville, JOSEPH, Revol. officer, andM.C. 1793-5, b. 1730; d. Hardy Co., Va., 4 Mar. 1819. Commiss. to run the boundary-line be tween Va. and Pa. Brig.-gen. State militia. Neville, MORGAN, author, h. Dec. 25, 1783 ; d. 1839. Son of Presley. He was some time editor of the Pittsburg Gazette ; removed to Cincinnati ab. 1824; became sec. of an ins- comp., and contrib. to the periodicals of that city. " Mike Fink, the Last of the Boatmen," was pnb. in the Western Souvenir for 1829. Neville, COL. PRESLEY, Revol. officer, son of Gen. John, b. Winchester, 1756 ; d. Fairview, O., 1 Dec. 1818. U. of Phila. 1775. He served through the Revol. war, part of the time as aide-de-camp to Lafayette ; was made prisoner at the capture of Charleston ; afterward brigade insp., and member of the Assembly ; a merchant of Pittsburg in 1792-1818. He m. a dau. of Gen. Daniel Morgan. Nevin, ALFRED, D.D., Presb. divine of Pa. Jeff. Coll. 1838. Author of "Spiritual Progression;" "Hist. Sketch of the Gongs, of Franklin and Cumberland Counties, Pa,," 12mo, 1853; "Guide to the Oracles," 1857. Nevin, JOHN WILLIAMSON, D.D., theo- logian, b. Franklin Co., Pa., Feb. 20, 1803. Un. Coll. 1821. He studied 3 years in the Princeton Theol. Sem. ; was assist, teacher there two years, during which he wrote "Biblical Antiquities," 2 vols., 1828 ; and was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Carlisle in 1828; from 1829 to 1839 he was assist, teacher and prof, of Hebrew and biblical lit. at the theol. sem. in Alleghany City, and in the meanwhile was ord.; in 1833-4 he edited the Friend, a weekly literary journal ; in 1840 he removed to Mercersburg, Pa. ; took charge of the theol. sem. there ; and from March, 1841 , to 1853, was pres. of Marshal Coll. In 1843 he pub. "The Anxious Bench," and a translation of Dr. Schaffs "Principle of Protestantism," with an introduction, and a sermon on " Catholic Unity ; " in 1846 he published " The Mystical Presence;" in 1847 the "History and Genius of the Heidelberg Catechism; " in 1848 "Anti- Christ, or the Spirit of Sect and Schism ; " " Summary of Bible Antiquities," 8vo, Phila. 1853. From Jan. 1849 to Jan. 1853 he cclited the Mercersburg Review, to which he is still a contrib. He resigned his professorship at the close of 1851, and now resides near Lancaster. Dr. Nevin was the originator and exponent of the " Mercersburg System of Theology." New, COL. ANTHONY, Revol. officer, b. Gloucester Co., Va., 1747; d. near Elkton, Todd Co., Ohio, 2 Mar. 1833. M.C. from Va. 1793-1805, when he removed to Ky. ; and was M.C. fromKy. 1811-13, 1817-19, and 1821-3. Newberrv. JOHN STRONG, M.I)., LL.D., geologist, b. Windsor, Ct., Dec. 22, 1822. USTEJW 656 W. Res. Coll. 1846. His emig. ancestor went in 1635 from Dorchester, Ms., to W. In 1 849-50 he studied and travelled abroad ; estab lished himself in practice in Cleveland in 1851 ; accomp. as assist, surgeon and geol. a U.S. survey of N. California and Oregon in 1855; and pub. a vol. on the geology, botany, and zoology of that region ; explored with Lieut. Ives the Colorado River in 1857-8, and again with Capt. Macomb in 1859. During the Rebellion he performed much labor in the Western U.S. Sanitary Com. Since 1866 prof, of geology Col. Coll., N.Y. ; and since 1*69 State geologist of O. He has been pres. of the Amer. Assoc. for the Adv. of Science ; is now (1870) pres. of the N.Y. Lyceum of Natural History, and is a member of many learned societies. Newcastle, THOMAS PELHAM CLINTON, 2d Duke of, b. July 1752; d. May 17, 1795. He entered the army as ensign 12th Foot, Mar. 1769; became capt. 1st Drag. Guards, July, 1770; exchanged into the 1st Foot Guards Apr. 1775, and came to America, where he served as aide-de-camp to his second cousin, Sir Henry Clinton, with whose despatches, an nouncing the fall of Charleston, S.C., he went to England in 1780; he was shortly after made a coL, and aide-de-camp to the king; maj.-gcn 1787 ; and succeeded to the dukedom in 1794. Newcoinb, HARVEY, D.D., author, b. Thetford, Vt., 1803; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Aug. 30, 1863. Removing to Alfred, N.Y., in 1818, he taught school 8 years ; edited and pub. the Western Star in Westfield, N.Y., 1826-8; edited the Buffalo Patriot 1828-30, the Pittsburg Christian Herald 1830-31 ; and for the next 10 years wrote Sabbath-school books. Licensed to preach in 1 840, he had charge of the West Roxbury Cong. Church in 1841, and afterward of those of Needham and Grantville ; in 1 849 he was assist, editor of the Traveller, and 1 850- 51 of the N.Y. Observer; preached some time at the Park-street Mission Church, Brooklyn ; and in 1 859 took charge of the church in Han cock, Pa. He wrote 178 vols., mostly for children, among them 1 4 vols. of church his tory; "Young Ladies Guide," 1853; "Four Pillars, or the Truth of Christianity Demon strated," 12mo, 1842; " Manners and Customs of the N.A. Indians," 2 vols. 18mo; and " Pastor s Gift." His largest work was " The Cyclopeedia of Missions," 8vo, 1855. He was a regular contrib. to the Boston Recorder in 1 837-42, and to the Youth s Companion for a much longer period; he also contrib. to the Puritan Recorder and the N. Y. Evangelist. Newell, ROBERT HENRY (" Orpheus C. Kerr "), humorist and poet, b. N. Y. City, 13 Dec. 1836. Educated liberally with a view to a. profession. After a brief trial of mercantile lite, he became in 1858-9 literary ed. of the N.Y. Mercury, to which he contrib. those bur lesque and satirically fanciful letters on the war of secession, under the signature of Or pheus C. Kerr ("office-seeker"), which have since appeared in 4 vols., and which stamped him as a genuine humorist. He relinquished his editorship in 1863, and visited Cal. He has also pul). "The Palace Beautiful," a vol. of serious and descriptive verses; "Avery Gli- bun," &c., a romance in 2 vols. ; " The Cloven Foot," an adaptation of the "Mystery of Edwin Drood,"1870; and "Versatilities," a coll. of poems, 1871. Now preparing a hu morous and eccentric novel to be entitled " The Thief of Time," and contrib. to the Sunday issue of the N. Y. World " Social Studies." Newell, SAMUEL, missionary,* b. Durham, Me., July 25, 1 785 ; d. Bombay, May 30, 1 821 . H.U. 1 807. He studied theology at Andover. Offered himself as a missionary, June 27, 1810 ; was ord. at Salem with Judson, Nott, Rice, and Hall, Feb. 5, 1812; m. Harriet, dau. of Moses Atwood, Feb. 9, 1812, with whom, and in company with Judson, he sailed for Calcutta two weeks later. Ordered by the Bengal govt. to leave on his arrival, he sailed to the Isle of France, thence to Ceylon, and finally, in 1817, joined Mr. Hall at Bombay. He was one of the first of our foreign missionaries, and a signer of the paper which led to the formation of the A.B.C.F.M. He wrote, with Mr. Hail, " The Conversion of the World, or the Claims of Six Hundred Millions," Andover, 1818 ; and "A Memoir of Harriet Newell" (b. 10 Oct. 1793, d. 30 Nov. 1812), a memoir of whom was also written by Dr. Woods. Newell, WILLIAM A., statesman, b. Ohio. Rutgers Coll. 1836. Adopted the medical profession, and settled in N. J. ; M.C. 1 847-51 ; gov. of N. J. 1857-60; deleg. to the Bait. conv. 1864. Newhall, ISAAC, writer of a volume ascribing the authorship of " Junius " to Earl Temple, b. Lynn, Ms., 24 Aug. 1782 ; d. there July 6, 1858. A merchant in Salem in 1812- 15, he afterward lived in Macon, Ga., but finally settled in Lynn. He was well informed upon British politics and literature. Newman, FRANCIS, gov. of New Haven from 1 658 until his d. 1 8 Nov. 1 660 ; was in 1 653, together with several others, app. an agent to wait on Gov. Stuyvesant at Manhadoes, and obtain satisfaction for the injuries which the Dutch had inflicted on the Colony. He had previously been sec. of the Colony during the administration of Gov. Eaton ; assist, in 1653 ; and in 1654 and 58 was one of the commissioners of the United Colonies. Settled at N.H. in 1638. Newman, SAMUE-L, first minister of Re- hoboth, b. Banbury, Eng., 1602; d. July 5, 1663. U. of Oxf. 1620. At first a minister of the Established Church. He came to N.E. ab. 1636; spent a year and a half at Dorchester, ab. 5 years at Weymouth; and in 1644 re moved to Rehoboth. He compiled a " Con cordance," the 5th ed. of which, with consid erable improvements, was pub. Lond. fol. 1720. Newman, SAMUEL P., prof, of rhetoric and oratory at Bowd. Coll. 1824-39, b. An dover, 1796; d. Barre, Ms., while in charge of the State Normal School, Feb. 10, 184-2. Bowd. Coll. 1816. Son of Mark. Pub. " Rhetoric," and a treatise on " Political Econ omy," Southern Eclectic Readers, pts. i., ii., iii. ITewnan, COL. DANIEL, b. N. C. ; d. Walker Co., Ga., 1851. App. lieut. 4th U.S. Inf. March, 1799 ; resigned Jan. 1, 1802 ; adj. and insp.-gen. of Ga. ; col. com. Ga. Vols. in two actions with E. Fla. Indians, Sept. and 657 :NTC Oct. 1812 ; (listing, in attack on Creek Indians in Autossee towns under Gen. Floyd, Nov. 29, 1813; lieut.-col. com. Ga. Vols. "Dec. 1813; severely wounded in battle under Gen. Floyd with Creeks at Camp Defiance Jan. 27, 1814; M.C. 1831-3. Gardner. Newport, CAPT. CHRISTOPHER, an Eng lish navigator, who commanded the first suc cessful exped. for the settlement of Va. He had previously acquired reputation in expeds. against the Spaniards in the W. Indies. With 3 vessels he set sail from Blackwall, Dec. 19, 1606; Apr. 26, 1607, they saw and named Cape Henry and Cape Charles in honor of the sons of King James; landing Apr. 30, they named the spot Point Comfort, having recent ly experienced a severe storm. They landed at Jamestown, the first permanent settlement effected by the English in N.A., May 13. Newport, in June, returned to Eng. Early the next year, he arrived opportunely with ad ditional settlers and supplies. He soon after visited Powhatan at Werowocomoco, accomp. by Capt. Smith and a party of 30 or 40 men ; and next visited Opecancanough at Pamunkey. He returned to Eng. after a delay of 3 and a half months, but visited Va. again late in 1608, bringing a second supply, including presents for Powhatan. He subsequently came back to Va. in the fleet convoying Lord Delaware and the new charter to the Colony, but was wrecked at Bermudas, where they built a ves sel, with which they reached their destination. Before returning to Eng. for the last time, he attempted, with Ratcliffc, to depose Smith from the presidency, but was defeated in the at tempt, and acknowledged himself in the wrong. Newport s " Discoveries in Ainer." were first pub. in 1860, in " Archceologia Americana" vol. iv. p. 25, edited by Rev. E. E. Hale. Newton, GILBERT STUART, artist, b. Halifax, N.S., Sept. 2, 1795 ; d. 5 Aug. 1835. Henry his father, a loyalist, left Boston in 1776 ; became collector of customs in Halifax; and d. 1803. The son was then brought to Boston ; became the pupil of his uncle, Gil bert Stuart; visited Italy; and in 1817 went with Leslie to London. Social intercourse and ill-health limited his work, and for several years a mental disorder blighted and isolated his life. He was a good colorist; had humor, genius, and pathos. Amonsr his works is the " Dull Lecture," " The Poet reading his Verses," portraits of John Adams and Wash ington Irving, and scenes from " Gil Bias" and Moliere. Tuckerman. Newton, ISAAC, naval architect, b. Scho- dack, N.Y., Jan. 10, 1794; d. N.Y. Nov. 22, 1858. Son of a Revol. soldier; pursued the occupation of a ship-builder ; and over 90 ves sels have been constructed under his super vision. The splendid Hudson-river boats, " Hendrick Hudson " and the " New World," were built by him ab. 1851. Hist. Mag. iii. Newton, JOHN, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A.,b. Va. ab. 1820. West Point, 1842. Entering the engr. corps, he was assist, prof, of eng. at West Point 1843-6; 1st lieut. 16 Oct. 1852; capt. 1 July, 1856 ; maj. 6 Aug. 1861 ; brig.- gcn. vols. 23 Sept. 1861 ; maj.-gen. vols. 30 42 Mar. 1863; lieut.-col. engrs. 28 Dec. 1865- He was engaged in various services, including the Utah exped. in 1858; the construction of Ft. Delaware, and repair of Ft. Mitiiin, 1858- 61 ; com. a brigade in the Peninsular camp. ; and engaged at Gaines s Mill and Glendale ; also at South Mountain and Antietam, for which brev. lieut.-col. 17 Sept. 1862 ; com. a di vision at Fredericksburg and at Gettysburg, for which brev. col. 3 July, 1863; com. 1st corps from 2 July, 1863, to Dec. 1863 ; com. 2d div. 4th corps in invasion of Ga. May-Sept. 1864 ; and engaged at Rocky-faced Ridge, Resaca. Dallas, Kenesaw, Peach-tree Creek, Jonesbor- ough, and siege and capture of Atlanta; com. Dist. of Key West and Tortugas, Oct. 1864- June, 1865; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for Peach-tree Creek and Atlanta, Ga. ; and brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, services during the Rebellion. Cullum. Newton, JOHN THOMAS, capt. U.S.N., b. Va.; d. Washington, D.C., July 28, 1857. Midshipman, Jan. 16, 1809; lieut. July 24, 1813; master, March 3, 1827; capt. Feb. 9, 1837 ; acting lieut. of " The Hornet " in the ac tion with " The Peacock," Feb. 24, 1813 ; and 1st lieut. in that with " The Penguin," Mar. 23, 1815. Newton, ROGER ; d. Milford, Ct., Jan. 15, 1771, a. 86. Col. and disting. in the expeds. of 1709-10 ; many years a member of the coun cil, and 33 years judge of C.C.P. In his epi taph are these lines : " Newton, as steel, inflexible from right In faith, in law, in equity, in fight." Newton, THOMAS, lawyer, b. Eng. Jan. 10, 1661 ; d. Portsmouth, N.H., May 28, 1721. He was educated in Eng. ; was atty.-gen. for Ms. Bay 1720-1 ; dep. judge and judge of the admiralty ; comptroller of the customs ; sec. of N.H. until 1690; and for many years one of the chief lawyers of Boston. Nicholas, GEX., Revol. officer, b. Ireland, 1724; d. Alexandria, Va., 9 Aug. 1807. He was a scholar, and translated from the French a work on military tactics. Nicholas, GEORGE, statesman and jurist, eldest son of Robert Carter N., b. Hanover, Va.;d. Lexington, Ky., 1799. W. andM Coll. 1772. Was disting. during the Revol. in the field and in the council ; maj. 2d Va. Regt. 1777, and afterward col.; was a leading mem ber of the convention which ratified the Federal Constitution ; was a member of the house of delegates, whose deliberations healmost entirely controlled. Emigrating from Va. in 1790, he was chosen a member of the convention for framing a constitution for Ky., which met April 1, 1792, at Danville, and of which instru ment he may be called the author. He was the first atty.-gen. of the State. Nicholas, ROBERT CARTER, patriot and statesman, b. Va. 1715 ; d. at his seat in Han over, Va., 1780. Wm. and M. Coll. Son of Dr. George, who emig. to Va. ab. 1700, and m. a widow, Mrs. Burwell, n& Carter. He was named for Robert Carter, pres. of the council in 1726, and studied and practised law, in which he rose to eminence. While young he represented James City in the house of bur gesses, in which he continued till the house of isnc delegates was organized in 1777, and sat in that body, till, in 1779, app. a judge of the High Court of Chancery, and consequently of the Court of Appeals. From 1764 to 1776 he was a conspicuous member of the party of which Bland, Peyton Randolph, and Pendle- ton were prominent leaders; and in 1765 voted against the Stamp-Act resolutions of Henry ; treasurer of the Colony in 1766-77 ; in 1773 wus of the com. of corrasp ; and was a mem ber of all the conventions, and pres. pro tempore of that of July, 1775. He was a strong and ready rather than an eloquent speaker, a sound lawyer, and a good financier. His sons, all educated at Win. and Mary Coll., and all disting., were GEORGE, JOHN (M.C. 1793- 1801, who afterward removed to N.Y.), WIL SON CART (gov. of Va.), and PHILIP NOR- BORNE (manv years atty. -gen. of Va., pres. of the Farmers Bank, member of the convention ot 1829-30, and a judge of the Gen. Court). Grigsby, Nicholas, EGBERT CARTER, U.S. senator 1835-41, b. Va.; d. Terrebonne, La., 24 Dec. 1857. App. capt. 20th Inf. 12 Mar. 1812 ; maj. 12th Inf. March, 1813; lieut.-col. Aug. 1814; charge d affaires to Naples ; subsequently sec. of state of La. ; and in 1 851 became State supt. of public instruction. Nicholas, SAMUEL SMITH, jurist, son of George, b. Danville, Ky., 1796; d. Dan ville, Ky., 27 Nov. 1869. At first a merchant in N. Orleans, afterward practised law in Louisville, Ky., with success, and in Dec. 1831 was app. judge of the Court of Appeals. Subsequently member of the State legisl. Author of a series of essays on Constitutional Law, and assisted in preparing the revised code of Kentucky. Nicholas, COL. WILSON CARY, statesman, son of Robert Carter, b. Hanover, Va. ; d. Mil ton, Va., Oct. 10, 1820. Win. and M. Coll. An officer of the Revol. army; commanded Washington s Life Guard until its disbandment in 1 783 ; and a member of the convention which ratified the U.S. Constitution. He was a dis ting. M.C. in 1807-9; U.S. senator in 1799- 1804, and ably supported the administration of Jefferson ; collector of the ports of Norfolk and Portsmouth in 1804-7 ; and gpv. of Va. in 1814-17. He pub. a letter to his constituents in 1809. Nichols, EDWARD T., capt. U.S.N., b. Ga. Mar. 1, 1822. Midshipm. Dec. 14, 1836 ; lieut. Mar. 13, 1850; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 26, 1866. Com. steamer " Winona," W. Gulf block, squad., 1861-2; bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip ; received the surrender of the latter Apr. 28, 1862 ; at the attack and passage of Vicksburg batteries, June 28, 1862; engagement with rebel ram "Arkansas;" bombardm. and passage of Vicksburg batteries, July 15, 1862; com. steamer "Alabama," W. I. squad., 1 863 ; steamer " Mendota," N. Atl. block, squad., 1864-5 ; engaged with rebel bat tery at Four-mile Creek, James River, June 16, 1 864 ; chief of staff, Asiatic squadron, 1870. Hamers/ij. Nichols, EDWARD W., landscape-painter, b. Orford, N.H., 1820; d. Peekskill, N.Y., 20 Sept. 1871. Son of a Baptist clergyman. He taught sacred music in N.E. ; afterward studied law at Burlington, Vt.; and subsequently stud ied art under Cropsey in N. Y., and for 2 years in Italy. His sympathy with and appreciation of the beauties of Nature eminently fitted him for his profession ; and his pictures are highly valued liy good judges. Nichols, ICHABOD, D.D. (Bowdoin Coll. 1821 ; II. U. 1831), clergyman, b. Portsmouth, N.H., July 5, 1784; d. Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 2,1859. 1I.U. 1802. After studying theology at Salem, he was from 1805 to 1 809 tutor in mathematics at Cambridge; Jan. 7, 1809, was ord. assoc. pastor with Rev. Dr. Deane of the First _Cong. Church, Portland, at whose de cease in 1814 he became sole pastor, continuing so till 1855, when he received a colleague, aud removed to Cambridge. Several years vice- pres. of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. In his theology he was a Unitarian of the con servative school. He pub. in 1830 a work on Natural Theology, containing some original views and illustrations. "Remembered Words from the Sermons of Rev. I. Nichols " ap peared in Boston, 1860; "Hours with the Evangelists," 2 vols. 1861. Nichols, MRS. MARY SERGEANT GOVE (NEAL),M.D.,b. Goffstpwn,N.H., 1810. Wide ly known as a practitioner of the water-cure system, and author of " Lectures to Ladies on Anatomy and Physiology," 1 844 ; under the norn de plume of " Mary Orme," " Uncle John, or is it too much Trouble ? " " Agnes Norris," and "Eros and Anteros," "Amer. Selective Papers" in the Amer. Review, and many pieces in Godey s Lady s Book. See Mrs. Male s Woman s Record. Nichols, MOSES, physician, and gen. of militia ; d. Amherst, N. II., May, 1 790, a. 49. At Bennington, Aug. 17, 1777, he commanded the troops sent by Stark to attack the rear of the enemy s left. He practised physic many years, and held various otfices. His son Moses, phys. and judge, lived in Canada. Nichols, MRS. REBECCA S., dau. of Dr. Reed of Greenwich, N. J., and wife of W. Nich ols of Cincin. Has pub. "Bernice, and oth-T Poems," 1844; "Songs of the Heart and the Hearthstone," 8vo, 1852; and has contrib. verses to the Guest, a journal edited by herself, and to other periodicals. Her earliest pieces appeared in the Louisville Journal and the News-Letter, ab. 1840, over the signature "El len." A series of sprightly papers, under the nom de plume " Kate Cleav eland," were contrib. by her to the Cin. Herald. See Poets and Po etry of the West. Nichols, RICHARD, gov. of N.Y. and N.J.; was one of the four commissioners app. in 1 6G4 to inquire into the state of the Colonies, to de termine complaints in the various govts. of N.E., and subdue the Dutch at Manhadoes. They reached Boston in July, and soon pro ceeded against the Dutch, who surrendered in Aug. After an administration in N.Y., con ducted with great prudence, integrity, and mod eration, Nichols returned to Eng., and was suc ceeded by Col. Lovelace in 16G7. Thegovt. of N. J. he resigned to Carteret in 1666. Nichols, WILLIAM A., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. 1817; d. St. Louis, Mo., Apr. 8, NIC 659 NIC 1 809. West Point, 1838. Entering the 2d Art., he served with distinction in the Mexican war, first as aide to Gen. Quitman, and then as as sist, adj. -gen. to Gen. Garland. Disting. at Monterey, Churubusco, and Molino del Rey, and brev. capt. and maj. ; assist, adj.-gen. (rank of capt.) July 29, 1852; lieut.-c ol. Aug. 3, 1861 ; col. June 1, 1864; brev. brig.-gen. Sept. 24, 1864; and brev. maj.-gen. March 13, 1865. Nicholson, ALFRED OSBORN POPE, law yer and politician, b. Williamson Co., Tenn., Aug. 31, 1808. U. of N.C. 1827. Settled in Tenn. as a lawyer in 1831 ; in 1832-5 he ed ited the Western Mercury, a Dcmoc. paper, at Columbia, Tenn.; from Dec. 1844 to 1846 he edited the Nashville Union ; was a member of the legisl. in 1833-9; U.S. senator in 1840-2; State senator in 1843-5 ; chancellor of the mid dle division of the State in 1845 and 51 ; pres. of the Bank of Tenn. in 1846-7 ; printer of the house during the 33d, and of the senate during the 34th, Congresses ; and in 1853-6 editor of the Washington Daily Union. He was a mem ber of the convention which met at Nashville in 1850, and delivered there an elaborate speech in favor of the " compromise movement," then before Congress ; member of the Democ. nat. convention of 1852; and was offered by Gen. Pierce a cabinet appointment, which he de clined. Elected U.S. senator in 1859, he was ex pelled July, 1861; d. Colum., Tenn., Mar. 23/76. Nicholson, SIR FRANCIS, a colonial gov. ; d. Lond. March 5, 1728. He was by profes sion a soldier, and was lieut.-gov. of N.Y. un der Andros, and at the head of the administra tion in 1687-9 ; gov. of Va. 1690-2 and 1699- 1705; gov. of Md. 1694-9. In 1710 he was com. of the forces that captured Port Eoyal Oct. 2. He returned to Eng. to urge another attempt on Canada, taking with him 5 Iroquois chiefs, who were presented to Queen Anne. He also com. the unsuccessful exped. of the next year. Oct. 12, 1712, to Aug. 1717, he was gov. of Nova Scotia. He was knighted in 1720; gov. of S.C. 1721-5 ; returned to Eng. in June, 1 725 ; and made a lieut.-gen. Author of " An Apology or Vindication of F.N., Gov. of S.C./ Lond., folio, 1724; "Journal of an Exped. for the Reduction of Port Royal," Lon(l., 4to, 1711. Nicholson, JAMES, com. U.S.N., b. Ches ter town, Md., 1737 ; d. N. York, Sept 2, 1804. He was trained to the sea with his two bros., Samuel and John, afterwards capts. in the na vy; was at the capture of Havana in 1762; resided in New York in 1763-71 ; entered the Rcvol. navy in " The Defence," a Md. vessel, in 1775, in which, in Mar. 1776, he recaptured several vessels which had been taken by the British ; was app. to com. " The Virginia," of 3 guns, in June, 1776 ; and in Jan. 1777 suc ceeded Com. Esck Hopkins as com.-in-chief of the navy, holding that post until its dissolu tion. A strict blockade of the Chesapeake pre vented " The Virginia " from getting to sea ; and Capt. Nicholson and his crew joined the army, and were present at the battle of Tren ton. In a subsequent attempt to get to sea, his ship struck upon a bar, and was captured, the captain and most of his crew escaping. An inquiry, instituted by Congress, acquitted him of all blame. He afterward com. the frigate "Trumbull," of 38 guns; and June 2, 1780 V had a severe action of 3 hours with " The Wy- att," losing 30 men before the ships parted, fn Aug. 1781 she was captured off the Capes of Delaware by " The Iris " and " Gen. Monk," after a gallant resistance, being completely dis mantled. Capt. N. after the war resided in New York, where he was in 18014 U.S. corn- miss, of loans. His three daughters were m. to Albert Gallatin, Win. Few, and John Mont gomery, an M.C., and mayor of Baltimore. Nicholson, J. W. A., capt. U.S.N., b. Ms., Feb. 10, 1821. Midshipm. Feb. 10, 1838; lieut. Apr. 24, 1852 ; com. July 16, 1862 ; capt. July 25, 1866 ; in sloop " Vandalia," Japan ex ped., 1853-5 ; in engagement with Confed. bat teries at Aquia Creek, Potomac River, 1861 ; com. steamer " Isaac Smith," S. A. blockade squad., 1861-2; action with Confed. fleet, Nov. 1861 ; battle of Port Royal, Nov. 7, 1861 ; ac tion with Confed. flotilla in the Savannah River, Feb. 1862; engagement with Confed. infantry near Jacksonville, Fla. ; com. ironclad "Man hattan," W. Gulf block, squad., 1864; in bat tle of Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864 ; bombard, of Fort Morgan, Aug. 1864 ; com. steamer " Mo- hongo," Pacific squad., 1865-6; com. " Wam- panoag, 1867-8. Hamersly. Nicholson, JOHN B., commo. U.S.N., b. Richmond, Va., 1783; d. Washington, D.C., Nov. 9, 1846. Midshipm. July 4, 1800; lieut. May 20, 1812; com. March 5, 1817; capt. Apr. 24, 1 828. At the capture of " The Mace donian " frigate, he served as 4th lieut. of" The United States ; " he was the first lieut. of " The Peacock," and, after her brilliant fight with " The Epervier," brought the prize safely into port. Nicholson, JOSEPH HOPPER, jurist, and M.C. 1799-1806, b. Md. 1770; d. 4 Mar. 1817. He received a good education ; was a lawyer ; app. chief judge 6th dist. ; and was also a judge of the Court of Appeals. Nicholson, JOSEPH J., capt. U.S.N., b. Md. ; d. Baltimore, Dec. 12, 1838. Midshipm. Apr. 2, 1804; lieut. June 4, 1810; master, March 5, 1817; capt. March 3, 1827. Nicholson, SAMUEL, senior officer U.S.N., bro. of James, b. Md. 1743; d. Charlestown, Ms., Dec. 29, 1811. He was a lieut. with Paul Jones in the battle between the " Bon Homme Richard " and " Serapis; " was made a capt. Sept. 17, 1779; and early in 1782 com. the frigate " Deane" of 32 guns, in which he cruised successfully, taking among other prizes 3 sloops of war with an aggregate of 44 guns. Commiss. capt. on the re-organization of the navy, June 10, 1794; and was the first com. of the frigate " Constitution." Another bro., JOHN, was commiss. lieut. in the Revol. navy Aug. 17, 1776; capt. Sept. 17, 1779. Nicholson, WILLIAM C., commo. U.S.N., b. Md. Midshipman June 18, 1812 ; lieut. Mar. 3, 1821 ; com. Sept. 8, 1841 ; capt. Aug. 22, 1855; commo. (retired list) July 16, 1862. Corn, schooner " Boxer," Pacific squadron, 185U; sloop "Preble," Medit. squad., 1843; fleet-capt. Pacific squad. 1855 ; corn, steam-frig- are " Mississippi," E.I. squad., 1 858-60 ; steam- frigate "Roanoke," 1861 ; d.Phila., JuV 25, 72. Nicklin, PHILIP HOLBROOK, booksellei NIC 660 INTES" find author, b. Pliila. 1786 ; d. there March 2, 1842. N.J. Coll. 1804. After studying law he became a bookseller, first in Baltimore in 1809, and in 1814 in Phila. ; member of the Philos. Society, and, while a trustee of the U. of Pa., visited Eng., making, on his return in 1834, a report to the board on the condition of the Universiies of Cambridge and Oxford. He contrib. articles on conchology to Si/liman s Journal and to other periodicals ;" pub. Letters Descriptive of Va. Springs, " Remarks on Literary Property," various papers on free trade and the tariff system in relation to books, which were pub. among the documents annexed to the report of the Phila. Free-trade Conven tion in 1831, of which he was a member. Nicollet, JEAN NICOLAS, a French astronomer and geologist, b. Savoy ah. 1786 ; d. "Washington, D.C., Sept. 11, 1843. Sec. and librarian of the Observator at Paris in 1817. He came to the U.S. Dec. 1831 ; ex plored the Southern States, especially the great basin embraced by the sources of the lied, Arkansas, and Mo. Rivers ; and in 1836 had ex tended his explorations to the sources of the Mpi. He collected many interesting details of the history and dialects of the Indians, and of the products and natural history of the coun try. He was engaged by the war dept., and instructed by Mr.. Poinsett to revisit the Far West, and prepare a general report and map for the govt. Fremont accomp. him as assist. In 1841 Nicollet presented to the Assoc. of Amer. Geologists at Phila. an interesting com munication upon the geology of the Upper Mpi. region, and of the cretaceous formation of the Upper Missouri. Wicolson, SAMUEL, inventor of the " Nicolson pavement;" d. Jan. 6, 1868, a. 76. Wiles, HEZEKIAH, journalist, b. Chester Co., Pa., Oct. 10, 1777; d. Wilmington, Del., Apr. 2, 1839. Learning the trade of a printer, he was ah. 1800 one of the firm of Bonsall and Niles, printers and pubs., Wilmington, Del., but was unsuccessful ; afterward became a con trib. of amusing essays, entitled " Quilldriv- ing," to a periodical ; and then for six years edited a daily paper in Baltimore. He is chiefly known as the founder, in 181 1, of Niles s Register, a weekly journal pub. at Baltimore, ot which he was the editor till Aug. 1836. The Register was repub. by him in 32 vols., ex tending from 1812 to 1827, and was continued by lib son W. O. Niles, and others, till June 27,1849; making 76 vols. in all. He also com piled a vol., " Principles and Acts of the Rev- ol.," 8vo, 1822. He advocated protection to our national industry, and, with Mathew Carey,was one of the ablest champions of the " American System." 3STil.es, JOHN MILTON, author and politi cian, b. Windsor, Ct., Aug. 20. 1787; d. Hart ford, May 31, 1856. He received a common- school education ; was adm. to the bar, and, removing to Hartford in 1817, he, in connection with his professional labor, established and prin cipally edited the Hartford Times, to which he contributed for 30 years. He was an active Democ. politician, a supporter of state-rights doctrines, and received from. 1821 for several years the annual app. of judge of the Hartford Co. Court ; was a State representative in 1820 ; app. postmaster of Hartford in 1 829 by Jack son ; from Dec. 1835 until 1839 and in "l 843-9 U.S. senator; postmaster -general in 1840. With Dr. John C. Pease, he edited a Gazetteer of Ct. and R.I., pub. in 1819. He pub. " The Civil Officer," a history of S. America and Mexico, 1838; "Life of Com. Perry," 1820; and a number of orations, addresses, &c., upon a great variety of subjects; also an improved edition of Robbins s Journal; edited forrepub- lication in 1816 a large Eng. work, " The In dependent Whig." He passed his later years in horticultural pursuits. In his will Senator Niles bequeathed $20,000 to be held in trust for the poor in Hartford. His library he gave to the Ct. Hist. Society. Wiles, NATHANAEL, clergyman, inventor, and politician, b. South Kingston, R. L, Apr. 3, 1741 ; d. Oct. 31, 1828, at West Fairlee, Vt. N.J. Coll. 1766. He studied medicine and law, taught a while in N. Y. City, studied theol ogy under Dr. Bellamy, and preached in sev eral places in N.E. Becoming a resident of Norwich, Ct., he invented a process of making wire from bar-iron by water-power, and con nected it with a wool-card manufactory. Re moving after the Revol. to Orange Co., Vt., he filled several public offices in that State ; was speaker of the house in 1784; several years judge of the Supreme Court; M. C. in 1791-5; one of the censors for the revision of the State constitution. He pub. four discourses on "Secret Prayer," 1773; two discourses on " Confession of Sin and Forgiveness ; " two sermons on " The Perfection of God, the Foun tain of Good," 1774 ; a sermon on " Vain Amusements;" and a "Letter to a Friend/ 1809; he also wrote "The American Hero," a Sapphic ode, once very popular in Norwich. Sprague. Wiles, SAMUEL, minister of Braintree, Ms., b. Block Island, May 1, 1674; d. May 1, 1762. H.U. 1699. He preached in Kingston, R. I., 1702-10; installed at 2d Church, Braintree, May 23, 1711. He pub. "A Brief and Sor rowful Account of the Present Churches in N.E.," 1745; "Vindication of Divers Impor tant Doctrines," 8vo, 1752; "Scripture Doc trine of Original Sin," 8vo, 1757; "God s Wonder-working Providence for N.E. in the Reduction of Louisburg," 1747; and a "His tory of the French and Indian Wars/ in " Hist. Colls." 3d ser., vol. vi. Sprague. Winigret, SACHEM OP NIANTIC, a chief of the Narragansetts at the settlement of R. I. by the whites. He was the uncle of Miantonomoh , but did not participate in his war with the Pcquots in 1632. In the Pcquot war of 1637 he aided the English ; having visited the West ern Indians, and the Dutch gov. Stuyvesant, he was suspected of plotting with them the destruction of the English ; and Sept. 20, 1653, the commissioners of the United Colonies de clared war with him. It was not prosecuted, however, owing to the opposition of Ms. Nini- gret meanwhile waged war with the Long- Island Indians; and, refusing to appear at Hartford, war was again declared in Sept. 1654. Maj. S. Willard led the exped., and 661 brought off 100 Pequots ; but Ninigret had fled. Oct. 13, 1660, he, with Scuttup and other chiefs, mortgaged their territory to II. Atherton and others, and gave possession at Pettequamscot in 1662. He kept aloof from Philip s war 1675- 6, and escaped the ruin which overtook the other tribes. Nino (nen f -yo),PEDiio ALONZO, a Spanish navigator, surnamed El Negro (the Black), b. Andalusia, 1468; d. ab. 1505. One of the companions of Columbus in his third voyage ; afcerward com. a caravel, and made discoveries on and near the S. American coast. Nisbet, CHARLES, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1783), scholar and divine, b. Haddington, Scotland, 21 Jan. 1735 ; d. Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 18, 1804. Edinh. U. 1754. Licensed to preach 24 Sept. 1760. He was long a clergyman at Montrose, Scotland, and influential in the Gen. Assembly from his powers of wit and argument. He openly favored the cause of the Colonies in their revol. struggle. Chosen pres. of Dick. Coll. on its establishment in 1783, he yielded to the urgen cy of Dr. Rush, and arrived at Phila. in June, 1785. Unable to prevail with the trustees for a proper system of education, he resigned the next year, designing to return to Scotland; changing his mind, he was re-elected in May, 1 785 ; entered vigorously on the prosecution of his duties, performing the great labor of de livering four concurrent series of lectures on logic, the philosophy of the mind, belles-let tres, and systematic theology, and struggled ineffectually to bring the education of the times up to his standard. He was a man of decided ability and scholarship ; possessed great humor, and an extraordinary memory. His posthumous works were pub. in 1805; his Me moirs, by Dr. Miller, 1840. Sprague. Nisbet, JAMES, editor and author, b. Scot land ab. 1800 ; d. 30 July, 18G5, by the wreck of the " Bro. Jonathan " oil Oregon. An un successful novelist and journalist in Eng. and Australia, in 1855 he went to Cal., where he pub. " Annals of San Francisco," and was connected with the Chronicle and the Bulletin, of which, on the assassination of Mr. King, he became editor. Nixon, GEN. JOHN, Revol. officer, b. Fra- mingham, Ms., Mar. 11, 1727;d. Middlebury, Vt., Mar. 24, 1815. He served as a soldier at the capture of Louisburg in 1 745 ; returned to his native place after 7 years service in the army and navy ; again entered the army as a cr.pt., and fought at Ticonderoga when Abcr- crombie was defeated, and in the battle of Lake George. Afterward, fal ing into an ambuscade, he cut his way through the enemy, and es caped, but with the loss of nearly all his party. In the Revol. he led a company of minute-men at Lexington ; and at Bunker s Hill, where he cam. a regt., he received a wound from which li: never entirely recovered. Made a brig.-gen. Aug. 9, 1776. At the battle of Still water, where he com. the first brigade, Ms. line, a cannon-ball passed so near hi.> head as to im pair permanently the sight of one eye and the hearing of one ear. In poor health, he re signed his commission, Sept. 12, 1780; in 1803 he removed wibh his children to Middlebury, Vt. Nixon, COL. JOHN, Revol. officer, b. West- Chester, Pa. ; d. Phila. 1 Jan. 1809. A mer chant and an ardent patriot of Phila., he com. a regt. on Long Island and at Valley Forge. Pres. of the Bank of N.A. 1782-1809. Nixqn, COL. THOMAS, bro. of Gen. John, b. Framiiigham, Ms., May 7, 1736; d. on the passage from Boston to Portland, Maine, Aug. 12, 1800; ensign in the French war in 1756; com. a company of minute-men in 1775 ; was afterward commissioned col. 6th Ms. Regt., and served through the war with bravery and eflicicncv. He removed to Southborough ab. 1784. Noah, MAJOB MORDECAI MANUEL, editor and politician, b. Phila. July 19, 1785 ; d. New York, Mar. 22, 1851. His parents were Jews, and to that faith he adhered through life. Commencing life as an apprentice, he soon de voted himself to the study of the law ; removed to Charleston, and took an active part in pub lic affairs. In 1811 he was app. consul to Riga, and in 1813 to Morocco, with a mission to Algiers ; he returned to the U.S. ab. 1816, and pub. the incidents of his foreign travel, 8vo, N.Y., 1819. Editor of the National Advo cate, aDenioc. journal in N.Y., until 1826; he was, while thus engaged, elected sheriff of the city and co. ; in 1826 he established theiV.Y. Inquirer, subsequently merged into the present Courier and Inquirer; in 1834 he established the Evening Star, but withdrew from the daily press, and established, in connection wich Messrs. Deans and Howard, a weekly paper, named the Sunday Times. In addition to the office of sheriff, Maj. Noah was at one time the surveyor of the port, and judge of the Court of Sessions. He endeavored to forrn a settle ment of Jews on Grand Island, in the Niagara River; but the scheme failed. In 1845 he de livered a discourse upon the Restoration of the Jews, and pub. a collection of his newspaper essays, entitled " Gleanings from a Gathered Harvest," 12mo, N.Y. ; he also pub. a transla tion of the " Book of Jasher," 8vo, 1840 ; and was the author of several successful dramas, " The Fortress of Sorrento," " Paul and Alex is," "She would be a Soldier," "Marion, or the Hero of Lake George," " The Grecian Captive," and " The Siege of Tripoli." Noailles de (deli no -al ), Louis MARIE, vicomte, b. 17 Apr. 1756; d. 9 Jan. 1804. Second son of the Marshal De Mouchy. Adopt ing the military career, he became an excellent tactician, and com. the regt. Soissonnais in the army of Rochambeau, distinguishing himself at the capture of Yorktown, and being one of the commissioners to arrange the articles of capit ulation. He was a bro.-in-law of Lafayette, and, imbibing an enthusiasm for liberty, was one of the nobles who, 13 July, 1789, resolved to divest themselves of their exclusive privi leges, and sit with the tiers &at. He hud a principal share in the early part of the French revol. struggle; but in May, 1792, hopeless of the success of constitutional liberty, he resigned the com. of the advanced posts of the camp of Valenciennes, and withdrew to the U.S. Re-entering the French service, he went to St. Domingo in 1803 as gen. of brigade, but was mortally wounded in an action with an English vessel. His wife was a victim of the guillotine. NOB 662 NOR Noble, Louis LEGRAND, b. Otsego Co., N.Y., 1812. Removed with his parents to Michigan in 1824. Ord. in Prot.-Ep. ch. 1840 ; officiated in N.C., at Catskill, N.Y., and became in 1854 rector of a church at Chicago. Au thor of " Ne-mah-min," an Indian story in 3 cantos, in Graham s Mag., " Life, Character, and Genius of Thos. Cole," 1853 ; " The Lady Angeline, and other Poems," 1857 ; " After Ice bergs with a Painter," Church. Noble, NOAH, gov. Indiana 1831-7 ; b. Va. Jan. 15, 1794; d. Indianapolis, Feb. 1844. Noble, OLIVER, minister of Coventry, Ct., 1759-61 ; of Newbury, Ms., 1762-83; and of Newcastle, N.H., from 1784 to his d. 1792, a. 56; b. Hebron, Ct. Y.C. 1757. He pub. a discourse on Church Music, 1774; on Boston Massacre, 1775. Noble, PATRICK, lawyer and politician, b. Abbeville Dist., S.C., 1787 ; d. there Apr. 7, 1840. N. J. Coll. 1806. He became a lawyer, a partner of Mr. Calhoun, and in 1812 a State representative ; in 1818-24 speaker of the legisl., and again in 1832 and 36 ; was pres. of the State senate ; and gov. in 1838-40. In politics he was a state-rights Democ., and was popular with the masses. Noel, NICOLAS, M.D., formerly surgeon- major of the French and American armies ; member of the Amer. Philos. Society ; prof, of anatomy and physiology at Rheims ; b. Rheims, May 27, 1746 ; d. there May 11, 1832. Noel, sympathizing in the American struggle for independence, left Paris for the U.S. Dec. 1, 1776, with Tronson du Coudray, and furnished with a brevet of surgeon-major of the Colonies, given him by Franklin. He served in that capacity until Jan. 1778, when he was app. to the ship of war " Boston " to accompany the ambassador John Adams to France; subse quently cruised in her, until ordered to return to America, where he rejoined the army. He was afterwards charged with the hospitals of the fleet and army of Rochambeau. During the French Revolution he was actively employed in the army, but returned to Rheims in 1794, and passed the remainder of his days in the labors incident to his profession. Biog. Univ. Suppt, Nordheimer, ISAAC, Dr. Phil, of the U. of Munich, prof, of Hebrew and teacher of German in Union Theol. Sem. ; d. New York, Nov. 1842. Author of Hebrew Grammar, 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1838; "Chrestomathy," 8vo, NY. 1838; History of Florence ; N. and Tur ner s Heb. and Chaldce Concordance, 1842. Nordhoflf, CHARLES, b. Erwitte, Prussia, 1830. His father was a disting. officer at Waterloo. He came to Amer. in 1834 ; entered the navy in 1845 ; and has been editorially con nected with Harper s and other periodicals. Author of "Man-of-War Life," 1855; "Mer chant-Vessel," 1855 ; " Whaling and Fishing," 1856; "Stories of the Island World," 1857; "Nine Years a Sailor," 1857; "Cape Cod, and all Along Shore." He edited Kern s <% Landscape-Gardening," 1855. Author of the aiticle on Arctic Adventure in Appleton s " New Amer. Cyclopaedia." Norman. BENJAMIN MOORE, author, b. Hudson, N.Y., Dec. 22, 1809 ; d.near Summit, Mpi., Feb. 1, 1860. The death of his father a bookseller at Hudson, called him from a clerk ship in New York to take charge of the busi ness there. He established a bookstore in N. Orleans in 1837, after conducting the business for a time in Phila. The loss of his wife by yel low-fever in 1841 caused in him an unusual svrn- pathy with the sufferers by this pestilence in subsequent seasons ; and he became one of the most self-sacrificing and philanthropic men in that city. As the result of his travels in Yuca tan, he pub. in 1842 " Rambles in Yucatan," a work of great value ; also " New Orleans and its Environs," 1845 ; " Rambles by Land and Water," 1845. Duyckinck. Norris, EDWARD, minister of Salem, Ms., from Mar. 18, 1640, to his d. Apr. 10, 1659 ; b. Eng. ab. 1589. He was a teacher and min ister in Gloucestershire, and came to N.E. in 1639. He was tolerant; did not join in perse cuting Gorton and the Anabaptists ; and with stood the witchcraft delusion of 1651-4; but in 1653 wrote in favor of making war on the Dutch. He pub. in Lond., 1636, a treatise on Asking for Temporal Blessings, and " The New Gospel not the True Gospel," &c., 4to, 1638, a reply to John Trask s " True Gospel Vindi cated," Lond. 1636. Felt s Ecc. Hist. 387. Norris, ISAAC, chief justice of Pa. ; a Qua ker; d. Germantown. Pa., June 3, 1735. He m. a dan. of Gov. Lloyd. Norris, JOHN, one of the founders of the And. Theol. Sem., to which he gave $10,000 Mar. 21, 1808; d. Dec. 22, 1808, a. 57. Many years a merchant in Salem, and several years in the senate of Ms. MARY his widow be queathed, in 1811, $30,000 to the sem., and a like sum to foreign missions. North, COL. CALEB ; d. Coventry, Pa., Nov. 7, 1840, a. 88. He raised a company in Ches ter Co., Pa. ; was a capt., and afterwards a licut.- col., in the Revol. army till the close of the war ; many years a merchant in Phila ; at one time high sheriff of the city and Co. of Phila. ; and at the time of his death pres. of the Pa. Society of the Cincinnati. North, FREDERICK, 2d Earl of Guildford, an English statesman, b. 13 April, 1732; d. Lond. 5 Aug. 1792. Succeeded to the earldom in 1790. Educated at Oxford and Luipsie. Entering parliament from Bunbury in 1761, he represented that place 30 years. He was at the head of the treasury in 1763-5; chancellor of the exchequer 1767-70; first lord of the treas ury 1770-82. During his administration, the American Colonies threw off their allegiance to the British crown, becoming independent after a struggle of 8 years, 1 775-83. He supported the Stamp Act and the right of taxing the Colo nies, but, during the last 3 years of the war, per severed in it only in deference to the wishes of the king. He possessed great good-temper, wit, and political ability. Though fiercely assailed by Chatham, Burke, and Fox, he maintained his position with eminent tact and ability until Mar. 1782, when he resigned ; the surrender of Corn- wallis having terminated the war. North, SIMEON, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1849) LL.D. (W. Res. Coll. 1842), b. Berlin, Ct. Y.C. 1825 ; tutor there 1827-9. Prof, of Ian. guages in Ham. Coll., N.Y. , 1829-39; pres. of 663 ihat inst. 1839-57. Author of a number of sermons, discourses, and orations. North, GEN. WILLIAM, b. Fort Frederick, Pemaquid, Me., 1755; d. New York, Jan. 3, 1836. Son of Capt. John of St. George s Fort, Thomaston, Me. Entering the Revol. army in 1775, he was a capt. in Jackson s regt. at the battle of Monmouth; became aide to Baron Steuben in 1779, assisting him in introducing his system of discipline into the army ; accomp. him in Va., and at the surrender of Cornwallis, and, gaining the esteem of the baron, became heir to one-half his property.. Adj. and insp.- gen. U.S.xV. from July 19, 1798, to June, 1800 ( rank of brig.-gen. ) . He was a conspicuous Fed eralist; was once speaker of the N.Y. Assem bly ; one of the first canal commiss. of the State ; and U.S. senator in 1798. App. adj.-gen. of the army in 1 812, but declined. He m. Folly, dau. of James Duane. MS. Memoir, bti Miss H. E. North. North, WILLIAM, b. Eng., some time a resi dent of N.York City ; d. there by suicide, 1854. Contrib. many pieces in prose and verse to the periodicals. After his death, " The Slave of the Lamp," a novel by him, was pub. 1855. Nqrthend, CHARLES, b. Newbury, Ms. Principal of the Eppes School, Salem ; teacher and supt. of schools at Danvers many years. Author of " Teacher and Parent," 12mo, 1853 ; Speakers and other school text-books. WIL LIAM D., his bro., is noted as a lawyer and politician of Salem. Norton, ANDREWS, an eminent Unitarian scholar, b. Hingham, Ms., Dec. 31, 1786; d. Newport, R. I., Sept. 18, 1853. H. U. 1804. Descendant of Rev. John of Ipswich. He studied divinity, but never had charge of a con gregation. Tutor in Bowd Coll. in 1809; and in 1811 at H.U., where he was also libra rian in 1813-21; in 1813 succeeded Chan- ning as lecturer on biblical criticism and inter pretation ; and was Dexter prof, of sacred lit erature in 1819-30; afterwards residing at Cambridge, devoting himself to intellectual pur suits. In 1833 he pub. his "Statement of Reasons for not believing the Doctrine of the Trinity ; " in 1837 "Evidences of the Genuine ness of the Gospels," succeeded by three other volumes ; a treatise on " The Latest Form of Infidelity" (1839), w r hich was answered by a champion of Transcendentalism, to whom Nor ton ably replied ; and " Tracts concerning Chris tianity," 8vo, 1 852. He was also a writer of verse of a devotional cast, and of great beauty and sweetness. He left in manuscript a Transla tion of the Gospels, pub. after his death; contrib. many valuable articles to the N.A. Review and the Christian Examiner; and edited in 1833-4, in connection with Charles Folsom, the Select, Jour nal of Foreign Periodical Literature. In 1814 he edited the Miscellaneous Writings of his friend Charles Eliot, and in 1823 performed a similar friendly duty for Levi Frisbee. " In his theologi cal views and writings Mr. Norton united op posite schools of thought, and belonged, by an almost equal title, to the extreme right and the extreme left as to matters of religious belief. He was radical as a critic and interpreter, con servative as an expositor of Christian doctrine. While leading the van in the Unitarian protest against Calvinism, he was foremost in opposi tion to the naturalistic school, of which Theo dore Parker was the principal representative. As a lecturer on the interpretation of Scripture he has had few equals, and no superior, in this country." In 1812 he edited the General Repos- ifoi-y and Review, illustrating and defending with ability the views of the liberal school of theol ogy. His son CHARLES ELIOT (H. U. 1846) has been editor of the N.A. Review, and has pub. " Notes of Travel and Study in Italy," and a transl. of Dante s " New Life." Norton, ASAHEL STRONG, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1815), b. Farmington, Ct., 20 Sept, 1765; d, Clinton, N.Y., May 10, 1853. Y.Coll. 1790. Ord. at Clinton 1793. Son of Col. Ichabod, and Ruth Strong. For 40 years he exerted an important influence in Western N. Y., and was one of the founders of Ham. Coll. at Clinton. Norton, CHAPPLE, a British gen., b. 1746; d. Mar. 19, 1818. Son of Fletcher Norton, 1st Lord Grantley. App. capt. 19th Foot, June, 1763; maj. July, 1769; capt. and lieut.-col. Coldstream Guards, June, 1774 ; brev. col. Nov. 17, 1780; gen. April, 1802. He came to New York in Aug. 1779, and was prominent in all the principal subsequent occurrences of the war, receiving frequent and honorable mention. He was long the representative of Guildford in parliament ; gov. of Charlemont, and col. 56th Regt. Norton, JOHN, clergyman, b. at Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire, "Eng., May 6, 1606; d. Boston, Ms., April 5, 1663. Educated at Cambridge U. He was afterward curate of Stortford. Becoming a Puritan, he came to Plymouth, N.E., in Oct. 1635 ; preached there during the winter ; went to Boston in 1636; and, before the close of the year, became min ister of the church at Ipswich. He assisted in forming the Cambridge platform in 1648; returned to Boston in 1652; and in 1662 went with Simon Bradstreet as agent to address Charles II. after his restoration. The king assured them that he would confirm the char ter, but required that justice should be admin istered in his name; and that all persons of good moral character should be admitted to the Lord s Supper, and their children to bap tism. This was exceedingly offensive to the colonists, who treated the agents on their re turn so coolly, that it is said to have hastened the death of Mr. Norton. He wrote an an swer to a number of questions relating to church govt. sent over from Holland by Apol- lonius, the first Latin prose book written in this country; also a treatise against the Qua kers, entitled "The Heart of New England rent by the Blasphemies of the Present Generation," encouraging the magistrates in the persecution of the Quakers, which so exasperated them, that, after his death, they represented to the king and parliament that " John Norton, chief priest in Boston, by the immediate power of the Lord was smitten, and died." He also wrote the " Life and Death of that Deservedlv Famous Man of God, Mr. John Cotton," Lond". 1658 ; " Doctrine of Godliness," 1648; " Suf ferings of Christ," 8vo, 1653; "The Ortho- dox Evangelist," 4to, 1654. Norton, REV. JOHN, b. Berlin, Ct., 1716 664 ISTOT 1. East Hampton, Ct., March 24, 1778. Y.C. 1737. Ord. at Deerfield 1741, and settled in Bernardstown, Ms. He was chaplain at Fort Massachusetts at the time of its capture ; was taken to Canada, where he remained one year, arriving in Boston Aug. 1747. Installed pas tor of the Cong, church at East Hampton, Ct., Nov. 30, 1748, where he labored nearly 30 years. He pub. a narrative of his captivity, Boston, 1748, a new ed. of which, with notes by S. G. Drake, app. in 1870. Norton, JOHN, TRYONINHOKARAVEN, an Indian chief of the Six Nations. Translated the Gospel of John into Mohawk ab. 1807. It was printed in London by the Bible Society, and distributed among the Mohawks on Grand River, Canada. His mother was Scotch. He was educated at an English school. Norton, JOHN N., D.D. (Hob. Coll. 1863), b. N.Y. Gen. Coll. 1842 ; Genl. Theol. Sem. 1845. Ord. deacon Prot.-Epis. Ch. July 20, 1845, and after being assist, at St. Luke s, Rochester, for 6 months, became rector of the Ch. of the Ascension, Frankfort, Ivy., Dec. 1846. In 1856 he pub. "Life of Bishop White," since followed by biographies of many distinguished Churchmen ; that of Laud ap pearing in 1864. He has also pub. Lives of Washington and Franklin, lectures on the Life of David, short sermons, and several re ligious books. Duyckinck. Norton, JOHN PITKIN, first prof, of agric. ehemibtrv at Y.C., b. 1822; d. 5 Sept. 1852. Y.C. 1846. Son of Hon. John Treadwell of Farmington, Ct. Author of "Elements of Scientif. Agriculture," 12mo, 1850; "Appen dix to Stephen s Book of the Farm," 2 vols. 1858. He also pub. a number of essays on agric. subjects. Norton, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS, teacher and author, I). E. Bloomfield, N.Y., 25 Oct. 1810. West Point, 1831 ; assist, prof. nat. philos. there 1831-3. Prof. nat. philos. and astron. U. of N.Y. 1833-9, and in Del. Coll., Newark, N.J., 1839-50; pres. Del. Coll. 1850-2; prof, civil engr. in Y.C. since 1852. Author of " Elem. Treatise on Astronomy," 1839; "First Book of Nat. Philos.," 1857 ; and of articles in Amer. Journal of Science and other periodi cals. Norton, WILLIAM E., marine-painter of Boston, b. Boston, 28 June, 1843. After leav ing school, he was clerk to a Southern packet- line; at 16 was apprenticed to a house, sign, and fresco painter ; and helped to form the " Life School," composed of the older members of the Lowell Institute ; went to sea at 18, studv- ing his art at intervals, and at the age of 22 began a successful prof, career, making another sea-voyage for study the following summer. Among his works are " The Fog-Horn, " "The Funeral-Fleet" (Geo. Peabody), "The Fishing-Fleet," " Good-By," and " Running Free." Notman, JOHN, architect, b. Edinburgh, Scotland, 22 July, 1810; d. Phila. 3 Mar. 1865. In 1831 he settled in Phila. He laid out and embellished Laurel -hill Cemetery. Among his chief works are St. Mark s Church in Locust St., the facade of the R.C. Cathe dral on Logan Square, and the Church of the Holy Trinity, near Walnut and 1 9th Streets, Phila., of which the noble doorway is especial ly admired. Thomas. Nott, ABRAHAM, judge and politician, b. Saybrook, Ct., 1767 ; d. Fairfield, S.C., June 19, 1830. Y.C. 1787. He studied for the ministry, but did not take orders. Ab. 1788 he taught in Ga. a year ; studied law in Camderi, S.C. ; was adm. to the bar in 1791 ; in. in 1794, and settled on a plantation on the Paco- let River, but continued the practice of his profession. He was a Federalist M.C. in 1 799- 1801; practised law with eminent success in Columbia, S.C., from 1804 to 1810, when he was elected a judge of the Court of Appeals. Nott, EDWARD, gov. of Va. from 1705 to his d., 23 Aug. 1706, a. 49, at Williamsburg, Va. Nott, ELIPHALET, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1805), LL.D. (B.U. 1828), divine and educator, b. Ashford, Ct., June 25, 1773; d. Schenectady, N.Y., Jan. 29, 1866. B.U. 1795. Losing both parents while a boy, he lived with his bro., the Rev. Samuel Nott, at Franklin, Ct., where he taught school in the winter. Li censed to preach in 1795, he labored during the first year of his ministry at Cherry Valley,, in the double relation of pastor, and principal of the acad. From 1798 to 1804 he was pas tor of a Presb. church at Albany, and in 1804 was elected pres. of Union Coll. ; after which period his history was identified with that of the insiitution. While at Albany, he acquired popularity as a preacher ; and among his most successful pulpit-efforts was a sermon on the death of Hamilton. In 1854 the semi-cen tennial anniversary of his presidency was cele brated, when between 600 and 700 of those who had graduated under him came together to do him honor. Dr. Nott, by his experi ments in heat, and the improvements he intro duced in stoves, effected an entire change in the mode of warming buildings. His publica tions consist principally of sermons and ad dresses, delivered in the middle period of life, when his reputation as a pulpit-orator was at its height. He was an earnest advocate of the temperance cause, and pub. " Lectures on Temperance," 1847. He also pub. " Counsels to Young Men," miscellaneous works, 8vo, 1810. Nott, HENRY JUNIUS, scholar and author, son of Judge Abraham, b. on the Pacolet River, Union Dist., S.C., Nov. 4, 1797 ; drowned off the coast of N.C. Oct. 13, 1837. S.C. Coll. 1814. On his return from a brief visit to Eu rope in 1818, he was adm. to the bar, and be came law-partner with D. J. Maccord, with whom he edited 2 vols. of Reports of Cases in the Constitutional Court in 1818/19, and ; 20. Sailing again to Europe in 1821 for his health, while absent was elected to the chair of criti cism, logic, and the philos. of language, in the S.C. Coll. Here he remained IS years ; at the same time being a contrib. to the Southern Re view. He made a collection of his " Novellettes of a Traveller," 2 vols. N.Y. 1834, chiefly humorous ; and left nearly completed, at his death, an historical romance. In 1837 he visited New York ; took passage thence in the steamer " Home," and. with his wife, perishecl in its wreck. NOT 665 Nott. JOSIAH CLARK, ethnologist, bro. of H. J., b. Columbia, S.C., Mar. 31, 1804. S.C. Coll. 1824. He took the degree of M.D. at Phila. in 1827; remained there two y^ears as demonstrator of anatomy to Dr. Physick ; re turned to Columbia, and commenced practice ; the years 1835-6 he spent in Europe in the study of medicine and nat. hist., since practis ing medicine in Mobile, Ala., except during the winter of 1857, when prof, of anatomy at the U. of La. Besides many articles in the medical journals, he has produced several eth nological works ; among these are two lec tures on "The Connection between the Biblical and Physical History of Man/ 8vo, N.Y. 1849; "The Physical History of the Jewish Race," Charleston, 1850; "Types of Man kind/ 4to, Phila. 1854; and "Indigenous Races of the Earth," Phila. 1857. The last two were prepared with the aid of Mr. George K. Gliddon. He established in Mobile a mod. coll., which the legisl. of Ala. endowed with $50,000, and made a branch of the State uni versity; d. Mobile, Mar. 31, 1873. Nott, SAMUEL, D.D. (Y.C. 1825), clergy man, bro. of Rev. Eliphalet, b. Saybrook, Ct., Jan. 23, 1754; d. Franklin, Ct., May 26, 1852. Y.C. 1780. Mar. 18, 1782, he was chosen pas tor of the church in Franklin, Ct., and spent in that office the remainder of his long-pro tracted life. He was long regarded as the pa triarch of the clergy of N.E., and was also prominent as an instructor. Dr. Nott s publi cations included two sermons, one delivered on the 50th anniversary of his ordination, and the other on the 60th. Although thus outliving his generation, he was feeble and sickly when young. ITptt, SAMUEL, son of the preceding, last survivor of the first band of missionaries sent out by the American Board to India in 1812, b. Franklin, Ct., 1788; d. Hartford, Ct., June 1, 1863. Un. Coll. 1808; And. Theol. Sem. 1810. Ord. Feb. 6, 1812. On his return he was from 1816 to 1822 a teacher in New York; preachedin Galway, N.Y.,from 1823 to 1829, and m Wareliam, Ms., from 1829 to 1849; he then taught school in Wareham until 1850. Author of " Slavery and the Remedy/ &c., 8vo, 1856, reviewed in the N.Y. Tribune, Jan. 22, 1856; " Sixteen Years Preaching and Procedure at Wareham, Ms.," 8vo, 1845. Nourse, JAMES D., journalist and author, b. Bardstown, Ky., 1816; d. St. Louis, 1854. At different times he edited 3 ncAvspapcrs at Bardstown, and afterwards the Intelligencer at St. Louis. Author of the "Philosophy of History;" "The Forest Knight," a novel, 1 hila., ab. 1846; " Leavenworth, a Story of the Mississippi and the Prairies ; " " The Past, and its Legacies to Amer. Society," 12mo, 1852. AlUbone. ITourse, JOSEPH, register of the U.S. treasury from 1789 to 1829, a vice-pres. of the Amer. Bible Society, b. Lond. 1754; d. near Georgetown, D.C., Sept. 1, 1841. He emig. with his family to Va. in 1769; entered the Revol. army in 1776 as sec. to Gen. Ch. Lee; was clerk and auditor of the board of war from 1777 until app. assist, auditor-gen. Sept. 19, 1781. Nowell, INCREASE, secretary of Ms. 1636- 49 ; d. Nov. 1, 1655. Chosen an assist, in 1629, he came to N.E. with Winthrop in 1630, and was ruling elder from Aug. 27, 1630, to 1632 ; a founder of the church in Charlestown, 1632; and in 1634 commiss. for military affairs. SAMUEL his son (preacher, chaplain at Gen. WinsloVs Indian battle, Dec. 19, 1674; an assist. 1680-6 ; treas. of H.U.), b. Charlestown, Ms., Nov. 12, 1634, d. Lond. Sept. 1688. H. U. 1653. He was a supporter of the old char ter, and went to Eng. on its behalf in 1688. Noyes, ELI, D.D. (Ham. Coll. 1851), scholar and missionary, b. Jefferson, Me., Apr. 27,1814; d. Lafayette, Ind., Sept. 10, 1854. Self-educated. He commenced preaching in 1834; and Sept. 22, l,835,accomp. by his wife, sailed for Calcutta. At Orissa, where he was located, he had very gratifying success both as an evangelist and a school-teacher, also becom ing a skilful linguist, and pub. a Hebrew Gram mar and Reader. He returned home with impaired health in 1841; was for tour or live years a pastor in Boston ; and edited tor 10 years the Morning Star, the Freewill Baptist organ ; he also delivered and pub. in 1853 " Lectures on the Truths of the Bible." Noyes, GEORGE RAPALL, D.D. (H.U. 1839), divine, b. Newburyport, Ms., Mar. 6, 1798 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., June 3, 1868. H.U. 1818. He studied at the Divinity School, Cam bridge ; was licensed to preach in 1822; was tutor in H.U. in 1 825-7 ; was then ord. pastoi of a church in Brookfield, Ms. ; and afterwards became pastor of a church at Petersham, Ms. Hancock prof, of Hebrew and other Oriental languages, and Dexter lecturer on biblical lit erature at H.U. 1840-68. He pub. new trans lations of the Book of Job, 1827 ; the Psalms; the Prophets, 3 vols. 12rno ; and Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Canticles, 1846; also several occasional sermons, and numerous articles in the Christian Examiner ; edited a series of theol. essays from various authors, and prepared a Hebrew Reader. His translation of the N. Testament was complete, and passing through the press, at the time of his death. Xfoyes, JAMES, minister of Newbury, Ms., from 1635 to his d., Oct. 22, 1656, b. Wiltshire, Eng., 1608. He studied at Oxford U.; preached a while; came to N.E. in May, 1634, and preached Aaron," 1661. Noyes, JAMES, first minister of Stoning- ton, Ct., from Sept. 10, 1674, to his d. Dec. 30, 1719, b. Newbury, Mar. 11, 1640. H.U. 1659. Son of Rev. James of Newbury. He began to preach at S. in 1664. He was one of the first trustees of Yale Coll. ; was a councillor in civil affairs in critical periods, and had a large prac tice as a physician. Noyes,* JAMES O., M.D., b. Owasco, N. Y., 1829. Formerly surgeon in the Ottoman army, since prop, and assoc. editor of the Knick erbocker Mag., and contrib. to others. Authoi of " Roumania," 1857 ; " The Gypsies, their History," c., 1858. AlUbone. Noyes, JOSIAH, M.D. (D.C. 1806), phy sician and medical professor, b. N.H. ; d. Clin* 666 O-A.K ton, N.Y., Nov. 1, 1853. Dartm. Coll. 1801. Two years tutor in D.C., after which he was prof, of chemistry and pharmacy in Fail-field Coll. ; and in 1812, on the organization of Ham. Coll., N.Y., he was invited to fill its chair of chemistry and natural science, which he resigned in 1830. He was the life-long friend of Mr. Webster ; and, at the request of the literary executors of that eminent statesman, he wrote reminiscences of his college-life. Noyes, NICHOLAS, minister of Salem, Ms., from Nov. 14, 1683, to his d. Dec. 13, 1717, b. Newbury, Dec. 22, 1647. H.U. 1667. Nephew of Rev. James of Newbury. He preached 13 years at Haddam after graduating. He was a promoter of the witchcraft persecution, after ward publicly confessing his error. A letter of his, with an account of James Noyes, is in Mather s " Magnalia." He pub. a poem on the death of Joseph Green of Salem 1715. Noyes, WILLIAM CURTIS, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1856), lawyer, b. Schodack, N.Y., Aug. 19, 1805 ; d. N.Y. City, Dec. 25, 1864. Adm. to the bar in 1827, he gained a high reputation in Oneida Co., and, removing to N.Y. City in 1838, held high rank in his profession. Dele gate to the Peace Convention in Feb. 1861. He was many years an almoner of the N. Eng. Soc. and was chosen pres. the day before his death. He prepared a codification of the laws of N.Y. for publication. His law-library, valued at $60,000, he bequeathed to Ham. College. Nugent, SIR GEORGE, an English field- miu-shal, b. June 10, 1757; d. Mar. 11, 1849. Educated at the Roy. Acad. at Woolwich. He joined the 7th Regt. as lieut. in Sept. 1777, in N.Y., and was present at the storming of Forts Montgomery and Clinton ; was app. a capt. in the 57th in Apr. 1778, and did duty with it in the Jerseys and Ct. until May, 1782, when he became major ; he served under the Duke of York in Flanders ; served as maj.-gen. in Ireland during the rebellion ; was created a baronet in 1806 ; and in 1811 was com.-in-chief in India. Hem., Nov. 15, 1797, Maria, dau. of Cortland Skinner, atty.-gen., and speaker of the N. J. Assembly, and attained the rank of field-marshal in 1846. His bro., Adm. Sir CHARLES EDMOND (1759-1844), served as a lieut. and capt. in the R.N. during the Amer. war, at Fort Moultrie, at N.Y., and R.I. ; full adm. 1808. Nuflez, ALVAR (CABECA DE VACA), the earliest and most remarkable explorer of N. A. ; d. 1 564. With Nunez as chief officer, Pamphilo dc Narvaez sailed for Florida from San Lucar de Barrameda, with 5 ships and 600 men, July 17, 1527; landing on its coast Apr. 12, 1528. Directing the flotilla to follow the coast west ward to a certain haven, and there await his coming, Narvaez, accompanied by Nunez, en tered the interior. They found the Indians hostile ; a country possessing few attractions ; suffered much from sickness ; were disappointed in their expectation of finding gold ; and reached the coast, sick and disheartened, only to find no fleet there ; the officer in charge of the ships having sailed for Havana without making any effort to reach the place of rendezvous, leaving the gov. and his companions to their fate. The party, reduced to 242 men, embarked, Sept. 20, in 5 boats of their own construction, which were so crowded, that they were managed with the greatest difficulty. After much suffer ing from hunger and thirst, from attacks by the Indians, from violent tempests and severe cold, they, late in Oct., reached the mouth of a large river (supposed to be the Mpi.), and landed on an island. Continuing their voy age, a violent storm drove them out to sea, wrecking the boat containing Nunez on a small island, from which the survivors reached the mainland. The rest of their companions were never afterwards heard of. After extraordinary hardships, in which they were driven to such straits that they lived upon one another, they reached a mountainous country believed to have been New Mexico. They met with buffalo ; and, finding an epidemic among the Indians, were remarkably successful in curing them, gaining thereby a great influence over the natives, who imagined them to be from the sun. Taking advantage of this, they endeavored to instil into their minds the doctrines of Chris tianity. After 8 months among the Indians of New Mexico, Nunez journeyed westward and southward until 1536, when, with 3 survivors, he reached the Spanish settlements in Culiacan, on the shores of the Pacific. An abridgment of Cabeca de Vaca s " Narrative " may be found in Hakluyt s " Voyages," and a French version in the collection of voyages pub. in Paris by Ternaux Compans ; but the fullest and best is a translation by Buckingham Smith, sec. of the U.S. legation in Spain (privately printed), folio, Washington, 1851. Nuttall, DR. THOMAS, naturalist, b. York shire, Eng., 1786; d. St. Helen s, Lancashire, Eng., Sept. 10, 1859. Brought up a printer, He came to the U.S. in early life; devoted his leisure to the study of botany and geology. Travelled extensively in nearly all the States of the Union ; explored the Great Lakes and upper branches of the Mpi., and in 1810 as cended the Mo. as far as the Man dan villages. In 1819 he explored the Ark. River and the neighboring regions, and pub. an account of his travels, entitled " A Journal of Travels into the Arkansas Territory," Phila. 1821 . -He pub. " The Genera of North- American Plants/ 5 1849 ; and the " Birds of the U.S.," 1834 ; " N. Amer. Sylva," 3 vols. 8vo, 1842 ; and was prof, of botany and nat. hist, in H.U. in 1822-34. He travelled in California, and pub. several papers on the shells and plants of that region. IJe returned to Eng. to enjoy an estate devised to him on condition that he should reside upon it. Oakes, JAMES, col. and brev. brig. -gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. West Point, 1846. Entering the 2d Drags., he served through the Mex. war ; was brev. 1st lieut. 25 Mar. 1847, for Medellin, and capt. 8 Sept. 1847, for Molino del Rey; severely wounded by Com an e he In dians, 12 Aug. 1850; capt. 3 Mar. 1855 ; maj. 6 Apr. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 4th cav. 12 Nov. 186l ; col. 6th, 31 July, 1866. During the Rebellion he was engaged at the battles of Shiloh and Corinth, and was brev. brig.-gen. 30 Mar. 1865. Cullitm. Oakes, THOMAS, physician, bro. of Urian, b. Cambridge, Ms., June 18, 1644; d. East- 667 occ ham, July 15, 1719. H.U. 1662. He was emi- a representative in 1689, and speaker of the house ; councillor ; and, as agent for Ms., went to Eng., and aided in framing the new charter. Oakes, URIAN, pres. of Harv. Coll. (7 Apr. 1675, to his d.), b. Eng. 1631 ; d. Cambridge, July 25, 1681. H.U. 1649. He came to Amer. in 1634, and, while very young, pub. at Cam bridge a set of astronomical calculations. He settied in the ministry at Titchfield, Eng., but was silenced for nonconformity in 1662 ; and afterwards preached to another congregation. His learning and piety caused him to be invited to take charge of the church at Cambridge, Ms., where he commenced his labors Nov. 8, 1671. Formally installed pres. Feb. 2, 1680. Oakley, THOMAS JACKSON, LL.D. (Un. Coll. 1853), jurist, b.Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1783; d. N.Y. City, May 12, 1857. Y.C. 1801. He studied law, and practised at Poughkcepsie, N.Y. In 1810 he was app. surrogate of Dutch- ess Co.; M.C. 1813-15 and 1827-9; in 1815 member of the N.Y. Assembly ; in 1819 he suc ceeded Van Buren as atty.-gen. of the State; in 1820 he served again in the Assembly. When the Superior Court of N.Y. City was organized in 1823, he was app. an assoc. judge, and, upon its re-organization in 1846, chief justice. O Beirne, THOMAS LEWIS, D.D., clergy man, b. Longford Co., Ireland, 1748 ; d. 15 Feb. 1823. Though educated at St. Omer s, he took orders in the Pr.-Ep. Church, and was chaplain of Lord Howe s fleet in the Amer. war. After the great fire at New York in 1776, he preached in St. Paul s, the only Episc. church saved from the flames. Private sec. of the Duke of Port land, lord-lieut. of Ireland, 1782, from whom he received in 1783 two valuable livings in Northumberland and Cumberland ; chaplain to Earl Fitzwilliam, and made bishop of Ossory ; he was in 1798 translated to the see of Meath. Author of a " Vindication " of the conduct of his patrons, the bros. Howe, and other political tracts, and a poem entitled " The Crucifixion," 1776. Obookiah, HENRY, b. Hawaii, 1792; d. Cornwall, Ct., Feb. 17, 1818. He was brought to N. Haven in 1809, and educated for the min istry. He had translated Genesis into his na tive tongue. His Memoirs were pub. 1818. O Brien, FITZJAMES, a brilliant writer, and a poet of merit, b. Ireland, 1829 ; d. in Va. April 6, 1 862. He came to this country about 1 850. In April, 1861, he entered the N.Y. 7th Regt., and in Jan. 1862 took an app. on the staif of Gen. Lander, and, during the short term of his service, was disting. for courage and dar ing. Wounded in a skirmish Feb. 16, he died from tetanus following a severe surgical opera tion. Contrib. to the Atlantic Monthly. O Brien, CAPT. JEREMIAH, Rcvol. patriot; d. Machias, Me., Oct. 5, 1818, a. 78. One of 5 sons of Maurice, a native of Cork. May 11, 1775, on hearing of the battle of Lexington, these bros., with a few vols., captured the Brit ish armed schooner " Margaretta " in Machias Bay. Jeremiah was the leader in this brilliant exploit, the first blow struck on the watel after the war began. He soon after captured two small Eng. cruisers, and carried their cap tive crews prisoners to the Prov. Congress m Watertown, who commissioned him capt. in the State navy. He com. " The Liberty " (the schooner with which his first capture was made), his bro. William serving as his first lieut. ; and cruised successfully two years. He then fitted out " The Hannibal," a 20-gun letter-of-marque, and took several prizes, but was captured ; was 6 months in " The Jersey," prison -ship ; and after a year s confinement in Mill Prison, Eng., escaped, and retired to Brunswick, Me. He was at the time of his death coll. of the customs at Machias. His bro. John was a successful com. of privateers in the Revolution. O Brien, JOHN P. J., brev. major U.S.A., b. Phila. ab. 1817 ; d. Indianola, Texas, Mar. 31, 1850. West Point, 1836. He served with honor in the Florida war ; disting. himself in the command of his battery at the battle of Buena Vista, where, by losing his cannon, he saved the battle; was brev. maj., andw-ounded; capt. 16 May, 1849. Author of a treatise on " Courts-Martial," 1846. O Brien, RICHARD, seaman ; d. Washing ton City, Feb 14, 1824, a 72. In youth he fol lowed the sea; and in 1781, when Arnold in vaded Va., he was 1st licut. of the State brig "Jefferson;" consul-gen, to Algiers (where he had previously been held in slavery) 1797-1802. He was 1 9 years on the Algerine coast, and afterward a negotiator in Com. Preble s fleet in the attacks on Tripoli. He subsequently resided at Carlisle, Pa., and was a member of the legislature. O Callaghan, EDMUND B., M.D., LL.D., author, b. Ireland, was at one time a promi nent member of the Provincial Parliament, and editor of the Vindicator, the national organ at Montreal. He was active in the agitation of 1837, since when he has been a resident of N.Y., and has rendered valuable service in editing the historical documents of the State. He has been some years in the office of the sec. of state. He has pub. " History of New Netherlands," 1846-8; "Jesuit Relations," 1847; "Docu mentary History of N.Y.," 4 vols. 4to, 1849-51 ; "Documents relating to the Colonial History of N.Y.," 11 vols. 1855-61; "Remonstrance of New Netherland," 1856 ; " Commissary Wilson s Orderly-Book," 1857; "Orderly- Book of Gen. John Burgoyne," 1860; "Names of Persons for whom Marriage-Licenses were issued previous to 1784," I860; "Journals of the Lcgisl. Councils of N.Y./ 2 vols. 8vo ; " Origin of the Legisl. Assemblies of the State of N.Y.," 4to, 1861 ; Woolley s "Two Years Journal in New York," 4to, 1860; "The Re gister of New Netherland," 1626-74, 8vo, 1865; "Calendar to the Laud Papers," 8vo, 1864; "Calendar of Hist. MSS. in the Office of the Sec. of State," 4to, 1865; "Voyage of George Clarke to America," with Introd. and Notes, 1867; "Voyages of the Slavers St. John and Arms," 1867 ; "Journal of the Voyage of the Sloop Mary from Quebeck," &c., 1866. Dmjcldnck. Oceum, REV. SAMPSON, an Indian preacTi er, b. Mohegan, N. Lond. Co., Ct., ab. 1723; OCH OGKD d. New Stockbridge, N.Y., July 14, 1792. Ord. 29 Aug. 1759. He was the first Indian pupil educated by Rev. Mr. Wheclock, in whose family at Lebanon he continued 4 years. In 1748 lie kept a school in N. London, and after ward officiated as teacher of the Indian tribe at Montauk, L.I. ; was subsequently employed on several missions to various tribes of Indians ; and preached "to good acceptance in N. York, Boston, and other populous places." His in fluence among the Indians was for a long time great. In 1766 he accomp. Rev. Mr. Whittaker to Eng. for the purpose of soliciting aid for Dr. Wheelock s Indian school at Lebanon, where he was successful in attracting large audiences and obtaining donations. The last few years of his life were passed with the Indians at New Stockbridge. He wrote an account of the Mon tauk Indians, pub. in the "Ms. Hist. Soc. Colls. ; " and pub. a sermon on the execution of an Indian in New Haven in 1772. Sprague. Ochterlony, SIR DAVID, bart., a British gen., b. Boston, Feb. 12, 1758; d. Meerut, In dia, July 15, 1825. Eldest son of David, a loyalist of Boston; his paternal great-grand father, Alexander, was laird of Pitforthy, in the Co. of Angus. Having completed his edu cation, he was at the age of 18 sent to India as a cadet ; became a lieut. in 1778; in 1803 he was lieut.-col. ; and dep. adj.-gen. at the great battle of Delhi, immediately after which he was envoy at the court of Shah Alum ; col. Jan. 1,1812; maj.-gen. June 4, 1814 ; and, for his skilful conduct in the Nepaulese war, was created a knt. com. of the Bath in Apr., and in Nov. 1815 was made a bart. He subse quently disting. himself in the great Mahratta and Pindarry war of 1817-18, and performed various other important services. O Conor, CHARLES, a prominent N.Y. lawyer, b. N.Y. City, 1804. His father, a man of education and of good family, came from Ireland to N.Y. early in this century. Chas. lost his mother in 1816 ; received only a com mon-school education; and in 1824 was adm. to the bar of N.Y., at which he has long held the first place. He has never held office, ex cepting that of dist.-atty. for 15 months at the request of Pres. Pierce, and as a member of the Const. Conv. of 1864. Besides the famous Forrest divorce-case (1851), his greatest cases are the Lispenard will-case (1843), the John Mason will-case (1853), the Parish will-case (1862), the Lemmon slave-case (1856), and the case of the slave Jack in 1835. Sears s Nat. Quart. Review, vol. xi. Odenheimer, WILLIAM HENRY, D.D., b. Phila. Aug. 11,1817. U. of Pa. 1835; Gen. Theol. Sera. (Pr.-Ep. Ch.), N.Y., 1838. Ord. deacon 1838, priest 1841; consec. bish op of N. J. Oct. 13, 1859 ; made rector of St. Peter s, Phila., 1840. Author of " The Origin of the Prayer-Book," 1841 ; " Devout Church man s Companion," 1841 ; " The True Catho lic no Romanist," 1842; "Thoughts on Im mersion," 1843; "Young Churchman Cate chised," 1844; " Ringelburgius on Study, Bp. White s Opinions," 1846 ; essay on " Canon Law," 1847; "Clergyman s Assist.," 1847; "The Private Prayer-Book," 1851 ; "Jerusalem and Vicinity," 1855, the result of a visit in 1853. Odin, JOHN MARY, D.D., R.C. archbishop of N. Orleans, b. Ambiere, Dept. of the Loire. France; d. N. Orleans, 25 May, 1870. Join ing the Lazarists, he was sent as a missionary to Mo. Consec. bishop of Claudiopolis, and vicar apost. of Texas, Mar. 6, 1842; trans ferred to Galveston 1847, and to N. Orleans in 1861. Odiorne, THOMAS, b. Exeter, N.H., Apr. 26, 1769; d. Maiden, Ms., May 18, 1851. Dartm. Coll. 1791. Bookseller in Exeter till f 800 ; then in the dry-goods trade in Boston, removing ab. 1811 to Maiden, where he was an iron manuf. He pub. " The Progress of Refinement," a poem; "Fame and Miscella nies," 18mo, 1792. D. C. Alumni. Oexmelin, ALEXANDER OLIVER, a trav eller, who was probably a Fleming. In July, 1666, he was at Tortola, in Amer., in the ser vice of the W.I. Co., where he was sold to a planter for 30 crowns. After 3 years servitude, he joined some free-booters, and remained with them till 1674, when he embraced an oppor tunity to return to Europe, thanking God, as he says, that he had been enabled to relinquish such a miserable kind of life. He afterwards made 3 other voyages to Amer., with the Dutch and with the Spaniards ; and was at the taking of Carthagena in 1697. His ac count of his adventures was pub. in French at Paris in 1686, 2 vols. 12mo; at Trevoux 1746 and 1775, 4 vols. 12mo. From some passages in his narrative, it seems probable that he exer cised the profession of a surgeon. Biog. Univ. O Fallpn, COL. JOHN, a prominent citizen of St. Louis, b. Louisville, Ky., 23 Nov. 1791. Son of Dr. James (who emig. to Wilmington, N.C., in 1774, and served in the Revol. army) by a sister of Gen. Geo. Rogers Clark. John served with distinction under Harrison in the war of 1812 ; was severely wounded at Tippe- canoe; afterwards acquired great wealth as a merchant, and distributed it freely in benevolent and educational enterprises. He endowed the O Fallon Polytechnic Inst. with property worth $100,000 ; gave liberally to Wash. Univ. ; built the Dispensary and Med. Coll. ; and has given over a million dollars to advance the cause of education, and to relieve suffering humanity. Ogden, AARON, LL.D., soldier and states man, b. Elizabethtown, N. J., Dec. 3, 1756 ; d. Jersey City, Apr. 19, 1839. N. J. Coll. 1773. While a teacher in his native place, in the win ter of 1775-6, he assisted in capturing, off Sandy Hook, a vessel laden with munitions for the British army at Boston. App. capt. in the first N. J. Regt. com. by his bro. Matthias early in 1777, he was engaged at Brandy wine ; was brigade maj. in Lee s corps at Monmouth, acting also as assist, aide-de-camp to Lord Stirling. While reconnoitring near Bergen in the winter of 1778-9, he came unexpectedly upon a party of the enemy, from whom he es caped with a severe bayonet-wound. He was aide to Gen. Maxwell in Sullivan s exped. against the Indians in 1779, and at the battle of Springfield in 1780 ; he was with Lafayette in the Va. campaign of 1781, and at Yorkiown gallantly led his light inf. to the storm of a re doubt, receiving the commendation of Wash- OGT> 669 OG-H, ington. After the peace he practised law ; was app. lieut.-col. llth Inf. and dep. quarterm.- gen. Jan. 8, 1799 ; a commiss. for settling the boundary between N. J. and N.Y. ; U.S. sena tor 1801-3; and gov. of N. J. 1812-13. Dur ing the war of 1812, he com. the militia of N, J., and declined a commission of maj.-gen. tendered by the Fres. At the time of his death he was pres.-gen. of the Cincinnati. Ogden, DAVID, judge, b. Newark, N. J., 1707; d. Queen s Co., L.I., 1800. Y.C. 1728. He studied law in New York, and practised in N. J., soon attaining the head of his profession. App. judge of the Supreme Court in 1772; retired to the city of New York on the break ing-out of the war, where he was a member of the board of refugees. He drew up the outlines of a plan for the govt. of the Colonies in the event of their submission to Great Britain. He withdrew to Eng. in 1783, his property in N. J. having been confiscated, but returned to the U.S. in 1790. He had the reputation of beino; one of the " giants of the law " in N. J. Of his sons, ABRAHAM, a disting. lawyer, was U.S. dist.-atty. under Washington; ISAAC was many years judge of the Court of King s Bench. Ogden, DAVID B., LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1837), an eminent lawyer, b. N.J. 1769; d. N.Y., July 15, 1849. He came to N.Y. in 1802, and practised chieflv in the U.S. Supreme Court. Ogden, HENRY W., capt. U.S.N., b.N.J.; d. there Aug. 25, 1860. Midshipm. Sept. I, 181 1 ; licut. Mar. 5, 1817 ; com. Jan. 31, 1838 ; capt. Feb. 5, 1848. Ogden, JACOB, physician, b. Newark, N. J.,J721; d. Jamaica, L.I., 1779. He was of English parentage, received a classical educa tion at Yale, and, after studying medicine, com menced practice at Jamaica, L. I., where he enjoyed extensive patronage nearly 40 years. He pub. in 1769 and 1774 letters to Hugh Gaine on " The Malignant Sore-throat Dis temper." Dr. Francis says he was the first who in the U.S. availed himself of the free use of mercurials in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Thacher. Ogden, JOHN COSINS, b. N. J. ; d. Ches- tertown, Md., 1800. N. J. Coll. 1770. He re sided in N. Haven in 1770-85 ; m. a dan. of Gen. Wooster ; and in 1786-93 was rector of the Pr.-Ep. church, Portsm., N.H. ; afterward subject to mental derangement. Author of " Excursion into Bethlehem and Nazareth, Pa., in 1799, with a Hist, of the Moravians," Phila. 1800; letters occasioned by a corresp. with Dr. MacClintock, Masonic address, and sermons. Ogden, MATTHIAS, soldier (bro. of Aaron) ; d. Eliza bethtown, N.J., Mar. 31, 1791, a. 36. He joined the army at Cambridge ; took part in Arnold s expedition to Quebec, in which he was wounded ; and afterward commanded the 1st N.J. Regiment till the close of the war, when he was brevetted brigadier-general. Ogden, UZAL, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1798), rector of Trinity Church (1788-1805), b. New ark, N. J., ab. 1744; d. there Nov. 4, 1822. Ord. Pr.-Ep. priest 21 Sept. 1773. He pub. a Masonic Sermon, 1784; "The Reward of Iniquity;" "Antidote to Deism," 1795. He became a Presbyterian in 1805. Sprague. Oge (o -zha ), VINCENT, a Creole of St. Domingo, b. ab. 1750 ; executed 26 Feb. 1791. At the commencement of the French revol. he was engaged in commerce at Cape Francais. Mercantile affairs having drawn him to Paris, he was adm. into the Society of Friends of the Negroes, and, aided by some of the most active members, warmly solicited the National Assem bly in favor of his brethren. He headed an insurrection in Nov. 1790 at Grande Riviere. The insurgents demanded freedom and political equality ; but their cause was ere long disgraced by crimes equally useless and atrocious. These however, were not attributable to Oge, but to his lieut. Chavannes. Obliged to give way to superior force, Oge, with a few followers, took refuge in the Spanish territory, and, being given up to the French, was tried before the Superior Council at Cape Francais, and condemned, with Chavannes, to be broken on the wheel. Ogilby, JOHN, master of his Majesty s revels in Ireland, b. Edinburgh, 1600 ; d. 1676. Pub. " America, being the most Accurate De scription of the New World," &c., folio, Lond. 1671. He lived many years in London; pub. translations of Homer/ Virgil, &c., with Hol lar s Illustrations, and Atlases, with descriptions of different countries. Ogilby, JOHN D. ; d. Paris, 1851. Col. Coll. 1829. Prof. lang. Rutg. Coll. 1832-40; rector of Columb. Coll. Grammar School 1829- 30; a Prot.-Ep. clergyman, and prof, of eccl. hist, in the Gen. Theol. Sem., N.Y., 1841-51. Author of " Argument against the Validity of Lay Baptism," 1842; "The Catholic Church in England and America," 1844. Ogilvie, JAMES, scholar, b. of a noble Scotch family ab. 1760 ; d. Aberdeen, Sept. 18, 1820. Emig. to America, he founded a classi cal acad. at Richmond, Va., where he taught many pupils afterwards celebrated, among them Gen. Scott and Hon. W. S. Archer. He retired some years afterward to the backwoods of Ky., where, alone in a log-cabin, he composed a series of lectures, which were given with great applause in Va. and the Atlantic States. His relative, the Earl of Findlater and Airy, dying without children, he returned to Scotland, and claimed the title; but the habitual use of nar cotics had undermined his intellect, and the attempt failed. Soon after reaching Scotland, worn out in body and mind, he perished, proba bly by his own hand. Author of " Philosophical Essays," 1816, 8vo, Phila.. Ogilvie, JOHN, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1770), minister in New York; d. there Nov. 23, 1774, a. 51. Y. C. 1748. He was some time i\ mis sionary to the Indians on the Mohawk, but preached mostly at Albany; and from 1765 to his death was assist, minister of Trinity Church, New York. He left 300 pounds to a charity- school, and other benefactions. Ogle, BENJAMIN, gov. Md. 1798-1801, b. Md. 1749; d. Annapolis, July 6, 1809. Be fore the Revol. he was a member of the Md. Council. Ogle, SAMUEL, gov. Md. 1737-42 and 1747 ; d. 1751. He had previously held a command on the Irish Establishment. Oglesby, RICHARD JAMES, gov. of 111, 1865-9, b. Oldham Co., Ky., June 24, 1824. OG-JL. 670 on,i He studied law at Springfield, 111., and began practice at Sullivan, Moulton Co. During the Mexican war he served as lieut. 4th 111. Vols. In the spring of 1849 he joined an overland company on their way to California, where he remained two years, when he returned to Deca- tur, 111., and resumed practice; in 1860 he was chosen State senator. Made col. 8th 111. Vols. in 1861, he led a brigade at the capture of Fort Donelson ; and was made brig.-gen. vols. Mar. 21, 1862, for his gallantry in that engagement. He was in the battle of Shiloh; was severely wounded at the battle of Corinth, Oct. 4, 1862 ; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862. Oglethorpe, JAMES EDWARD, a British gen., founder of the Colony of Georgia, b. Lon don, 22 Dec. 1696 ; d. 1 July, 1785. Son of Sir Theophilus of Godalming, Surrey. En tered Oxford in 1714; obtained a commiss. in the Guards ; served under Marlborough and Prince Eugene; and in 1722 took his seat in parliament. Made a trustee for the liberation of poor debtors, he obtained a govt. grant of 10,000, and a liberal subscription, to found a colony of liberated insolvents in Ga., whither he proceeded in Jan. 1733; in 1734 he re turned to Eng. with some Indian chiefs, who were presented to the king; in 1735 he sailed again for Ga. with John and Charles Wesley ; in 1736 he again went thither with a regt. for its defence, and quelled a mutiny which nearly cost him his life. He successfully repelled the attacks of the Spaniards, but was unsuccessful in an exped. against St. Augustine, of which he pub. an acct., London, 8vo, 1742. He met with many difficulties in establishing his govt., expending large sums from his private fortune, and finally left the Colony in 1743. Made a maj.-gen. in 1745, he was employed to pursue the rebels under the Pretender, but, unable to overtake them, was tried by court-martial, and acquitted; in 1752 he resigned the charter of Ga. to the British govt. ; in 1754 left parlia ment, and retired to his seat in Essex ; and 22 Feb., 1765, was placed on half-pay as a gen. in the army. When Gen. Gage returned to Eng. in 1775, the com. in America was offered to Oglethorpe, whose merciful conditions did not please the British ministry. He was one of the first to wait on John Adams after his arrival as ambassador to Eng., and to express his regard for America, and his gratification at the termination of the war. Oglethorpe, who was a man of great benevolence, has been eulo gized by Thomson, Pope, and by Dr. Johnson, who wished to write his life. See Lives of Oglethorpe by Harris and by Wright. O Hara, CHARLES, a British gen.; d. gov. of Gibraltar, Feb. 21, 1802. App. lieut. and capt. Coldstream Guards, Jan. 1756 ; lieut.-col. Feb. 1762; col. 2d Foot Guards, Aug. 1777; maj.-gen. Oct. 19, 1797. He came to N. Amer ica in 1780 in com. of the Guards; served in Va. under Leslie; com. the vanguard in the pursuit of Morgan and Greene in Jan. 1781 ; and at Guilford, where he was severely wound ed, com. the left of Cornwallis s army, in the surrender of which he was included. He was a<rain severely wounded at Toulon in Nov. 1795. After having been gov. of several colo nies, he was made lieut.-gov. of Gibraltar in 1787, and gov. in 1795. He was a brave and enterprising soldier, and a strict disciplinarian. Ojeda de (da o-ha -da), ALONZO, a Span ish explorer, and lieut. of Columbus, b. Cuen- ca ab. 1465. He accomp. Columbus in his second voyage to America in 1493, and com. an exped. sent to explore the interior of His- paniola, where he captured the chief Caonabo. Having returned to Spain, he received com. of an exploring exped. sent out in 1499. Ameri go Vespucci was among his officers or passen gers. He discovered a part of the new conti nent, which he named Venezuela, and leturned to Spain in 1500; in 1508 he attempted to colonize New Andalusia, and to conquer the natives, but was not successful. OlCQtt, SIMEON, jurist, b. Ct. 1737; d. N. H. Feb. 1815. Y.C. 1761. He commenced practice at Charlestown, N.H. ; became chief justice of the C.C.P. Dec. 25, 1784; judge of the Superior Court, Jan. 25, 1790 ; chief justice U. S. senator in 1801-5. March 28, 1795; and was Oldham, JOHN, murdered by the Indians, who came on board his vessel to trade in 1636. This event brought on the Pequot war. He came to Plymouth in 1623; associated with Lyfbrd in 1624, and set up a separate worship on the sabbath, intending to alter, perhaps to assume, the govt. He afterward lived at Hull and at Cape Ann, and represented \Vaterto\vn in 1634. In 1633, with Samuel Hall and others, he travelled from Dorchester to a place on the Ct. River now called Windsor. This exploration led to its settlement. Oldham, COL. WILLIAM, b. Berkeley Co., Va.; killed at St. Clair s defeat, Nov. 4, 1791. He attained the rank of capt. in the Revol. army; resigned in 1779, and settled at thft Falls of the Ohio. He was very efficient in the Indian warfare of the day, and com. a Ky. regt. in St. Clair s army. Collins. Oldmixpn, JOHN, d. England, 1742, a. 69. A native of Somersetshire ; collector of cus toms at Bridgewater. Author of " The British Empire in America," 2d ed. 2 vols. 1741 ; and other historical works and poems. Pope pillo ries him in " The Dunciad." He is supposed to have visited America. Oldmixon, MARY (GEORGE), a celebrated singer, a contemporary of Garrick ; d. Phila. Feb. 1835 at an advanced age. Wife of Sir JOHN OLDMIXON, an English bart., who d. on a farm near Phila. in 1818. She was many years on the Phila. stage, having made hir debut at the Chestnut-st. Theatre, May 14, 1793, as Clorinda, in " Robin Hood." She at one time kept a seminary for young ladies at Philadelphia. Olds, GAMALIEL S., b. Granville, Ms., 1 777 ; d. Circleville, O., June 13, 1848. Wins. Coll. 1801. Tutor there several years; prof, of mathematics there in 1806-8, at the U. of Vt. 1819-21, at Amh. Coll. 1821-5, afterwards at the U. of Ga. Ord. colleague with Dr. New ton of Greenfield 1813-16, and preached in Ohio from 1841 till his death. He pub. " In- aug. Oration," 1806 ; 8 sermons on " Episcopa cy and Presbyterian Parity," 1815 ; statement of Facts as to Professor at Middlebury, 1818. Olid d0, CHRISTOVAL, a Spanish officer OLI 671 OJL.I under Cortes in the conquest of Mexico, 1519- 21, who afterward attempted to make himself independent, b. ab. 1492; taken prisoner by the soldiers of Cortes, and executed in Hondu ras in 1524. Olin, HENRY, judge; d. Salisbury, Vt., 1837, a. 70. His boyhood was spent in Addi- son Co., Vt. ; member of the Vt. Gen. As sembly in 1 799-1 825, excepting 4 years ; of the State Const. Convs. of 1814, 22, and 28 ; as- soc. judge of Addison Co. in 1801-6; chief judge in 1807 and in 1810-24 ; M.C. in 1824- 5; lieut.-gov. 1827-9 ; councillor 1820-2. Fa ther of Rev. Stephen. Olin, STEPHEN, D.D." (Wesl. U. 1834), LL.D. (Y.C. 1845.), an eloquent divine, b. Leicester, Vt., March 3, 1797 ; d. Middletown, Ct., Aug. 16, 1851. Mid. Coll. 1820. His father, Judge Henry, directed his education. Entering the ministry of the M. Ep. Church in 1824, he spent two years in Charleston; be came pres. of the Abbeville Sem., S.C. ; re sumed his itinerant labors in 1829 ; was prof, of Eng. literature in Franklin Coll., Ga., 1826- 33 ; pres. of the Randolph and Macon Coll. 1832-7 ; and from 1839 to 1841 and from 1842 till his death was pres. of the Wesl. U. of Mid dletown. Deleg. to the Gen. Conf. of M.E. Church 1844 and 1852; deleg. to Evang. Al liance, London, Eng., 1846. He visited Eu rope for his health in 1837, and on his return in 1843 pub. " Travels in the East;" he was also author of various sermons, lectures, and discourses. His works were pub. in 2 vols. 12mo, N.Y. 1852; and his "Life and Let ters," 2 vols. 8vo, 1853. Olinda, PEDRO DE ARANJO LIMA, Mar quis de, Brazilian statesman, b. Pernambu- co, 1790; d. Rio Janeiro, 7 June, 1870. Ed ucated at Pernambuco, and in law at the U. of Coimbra; member of the Constituent Assem bly of Portugal in 1821 ; and from 1823 to his death was a member of that of Brazil ; pres. of the chamber of deputies in 1825-7, 1831-3, and 1835-7; twice regent of the empire dur ing the minority of Pedro II. ; minister of state in 1823, 27, 32/37 ; made Viscount Olinda in 1841, and marquis in 1854; member of the council of state from 1842 ; a moderate liber al, and tolerant in politics. Oliver, ANDREW, colonial statesman, b. Boston, March 28, 1706; d. there March 3, 1774. H.U. 1724. Son of Daniel, and a de scendant of Elder Thomas of Boston, who d. in 1657. He was a representative of Boston at the Gen. Court 1743-6; one of his majesty s council 1746-65; sec. of the province in 1756- 7() ; and succeeded Hutchinson as lieut.-gov. In 1765 he was app. distributer of stamps ; but was compelled by the citizens, who hung him in effigy on the " Liberty Tree," to resign. His fondness for wealth and power induced him to pursue a political course similar to that of his bro.-in-law Hutchinson, whose unpopu larity he fully shared ; and his letters which Franklin obtained in Eng., and sent over in 1772, evinced his subserviency to the British ministry. He wrote well upon theological and political subjects ; and some of his productions are extant. His son DANIEL (H.U. 1762) d. Ashsted, Warwickshire, Eng., May 6, 1826, a. 82. Another son, PETER, M.D. (H.U 1769), d. Lond. Apr. 6, 1795, a. 45. Oliver, ANDREW, judge of the C. C. P. for Essex Co. before the Revol., b. Nov. 13, 1 731 ; d. Salem, Ms., Dec. 1799. H.U. 1749. Eldest son of the preceding. He possessed h ne talents and good scholarship ; he was one of the original members of the Amcr. Acad. of Arts and Sci ences, to whose " Transactions " he made seve ral valuable contribs. ; was a member of the Philos. Society of Phila. ; and in 1772 pub. an essay " On Comets." He represented Salem in the Gen. Court in 1766 ; but was a Tory at the Revolution. Oliver, BCNJAMIN LYNDE, M.D. (1815), 1788-1843. H. U. 1808. Nephew of Dr. B. L. Oliver, and son of Rev. Thos. Fitch. Au thor of "Rights of an Amer. Citizen," 8vo, 1832; "Law Summary," 8vo, 1833; "Prac tical Conveyancing," 8vo ; " Forms of Prac tice," 8vo, 1841; "Forms in Chancery, Ad miralty, and Common Law," 1842 ; " Hints on the Pursuit of Happiness," 1818. He was a noted chess-player. All/bone. Oliver, DANIEL, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1810), LL.D., b. Marblehead, Sept. 9, 1787 ; d. Cam bridge, June 1, 1842. H.U. 1806. After practising medicine for some years in Salem, he was from 1815 to 1820 lecturer on chemistry, and from 1820 to 1837 a prof, in the med. school at Hanover; from 1840 until March, 1842, a prof, in the Med. Coll. at Cincinnati. Author of " First Series of Physiology," 1835 ; 2d edition, improved, in 1840; "Address at D. Coll.," 19 May, 1825. Oliver, PETER, LL.D. (Oxon. 1776), jurist, bro. of Lieut.-Gov. Andrew, b. March 26, 1 713 ; d. Birmingham, Eng., Oct. 13, 1791. H.U. 1730. He resided on a family estate in Middle- borough ; and, after holding several offices in Plymouth Co., he was, though not educated to the law, raised to the Supreme bench, Sept. 14, 1756. He was, in 1771, made chief justice ; and when called upon in 1774 to receive the grant for his services as usual from the treas ury of the province, and to engage to receive no pay or emolument except from the Assem bly, he peremptorily refused ; was impeached by the house of representatives ; and, when the British troops abandoned Boston, he, with other loyalists, accomp. them. He went to Eng land, where he lived for some years on a salary, or pension, from the crown. He was a talented writer both of prose and poetry, and pub. " Speech on the Death of Isaac Lothrop," 1750 ; " Poem on the Death of Sec. Willard," &c., 1757; "Scriptural Lexicon," Binning. 8vo, 1784-5. He was a contrib. (as was his brother also) to the Censor, a Tory paper. His son PETER, a physician of Middleborough, Ms. (H.U. 1761], also a loyalist, d. Shrews bury, Eng., July 30, 1822, aged 81. Oliver, PETER (alias WM. PYNCHON OLI VER), b. Hanover, N.H., 1821 ; d. 1855, while on a voyage for his health. A descendant of Thos., first ruling elder of the First Church, Boston, 1632; son of Dr. Daniel. Educated for the bar. Edited his uncle s (B. L. Oliver) " Practical Conveyancer ; " contrib. articles to the N. Y. Church Review; and left in MS. " The Puritan Commonwealth," pub. by his OLI 672 bro. F. E. Oliver, 8vo, 1856. This work, which severely "criticises the Puritans, was reviewed in a pamphlet of 79 pages by J. W. Thornton, 1857, and by Rev. Geo. E. Ellis in the N. A. Review, April, 1857. Oliver, COL. ROBERT, Revol. officer, b. Boston, 1738; d. Marietta, O., May, 1810. Removed to Barre while young. A lieut. in 1775; he marched to Cambridge as capt. in the 3d Rcgt. ; in 1777 he was major, and in 1779 lieut.-col., 10th Ms. Cont. Regt. ; and in 1782 brev. col. At Saratoga he was disting. in storming the German intrenchments ; acted as adj. -gen. to the Northern army, and excelled as a disciplinarian. He was among the first set tlers of Marietta, 0., in 1788; a representative to the Terr, legisl. in 1798; councillor in 1799 ; pres. of the council 1800-3 ; and judge C. C. P. Hildreth. Oliver, THOMAS, last royal lieut.-gov. and pres. of the council of Ms., b. Dorchester, Ms., Jan. 5, 1734; d. Bristol, Eug., Nov. 29, 1815. H. U. 1753. Descended from Elder Thomas. After the death of Lieut.-Gov. Andrew Oliver, of the same ancestry, in Mar. 1774, he was nominated his successor ; Sept. 2 he was com pelled by the people to resign his seat at the council board, and took refuge with the troops in Boston ; he accomp. them to Halifax in 1776, and went thence to Eng. He contrib. poem 29 to the " Pietas et Gratulatio," Boston, 1761. Olmstead, JAMES MDNSON, D.D., Presb. clergyman and author, b. Stillwater, N.Y., 17 Feb. 1794; d. Phila. 16 Oct. 1870. Un.Coll. 1819; Princet. Theol. Sem. 1822. Licensed in 1822, and performed missionary-work until ordained in June, 1825, over the churches of Landisbur<> and Centre; subsequently pastor at Middle Tuscarora, Flemington, N. J., and Snow Hill, Md. Besides sermons and essays, he pub. " Thoughts and Counsels for the Im penitent," 1846; "Our First Mother," 1852; and " Noah and his Times," 1853. Olmsted, DBNISON, LL.D. (U. of N. Y. 1845), astronomer, b. E. Hartford, Ct., June 18, 1791 ; d. New Haven, May 13, 1859. Y.C. 1813; tutor there 1815-17. He was carefully instructed by his mother; became a member of Gov. Treadwell s family, and a clerk in the store of one of his sons ; and subsequently took charge of the union school at New London. App. in 1817 prof, of chemistry, mineral., and jieol., in the U. of N.C. Here he proposed and executed the first State geolog. survey ever attempted in this country. The report was pub. in 1824-5. In 1825 he was app. prof, of marhemarics and nat. philos. in Y.C. ; and in 1836 prof, of nat. philos. and astronomy. He pub. in 1831-2 a treatise on nat. philos., which soon became a popular coll. text-book ; and, soon after, an abridgment of it; in 1839 a treatise on astronomy; in 1840 a" School As tronomy ; " in 1842 " Rudiments of Nat. Phi los. and Astronomy ; " Letters on Astrono my," prepared at the suggestion of the Ms. Board of Education ; Memoir of E. P. Mason, 1842 ; of J. Treadwell, 1843 ; " Student s Com monplace Book ; " and many articles in peri odicals. In 1830 he pub. an elaborate theory of hail-storms. The extraordinary shower of shooting-stars which fell in Nov. 1833 led tc his investigations into their history and phe nomena; and he satisfactorily demonstrated their cosmical origin. In 1835 Profs. Olmsted and Loomis were the first American observers of Halley s Comet. The results of a series of observations for several years on the aurora borealis he has given in the 8th vol. of the " Smithsonian Contribs." Inventor of the Olmsted stove. FRANCIS ALLYN, M.D. (Y.C. 1844), his son, b. Chapel Hill, N.C., 1819, d. N. Haven, 1844. Y.C. 1839. After his return from a voyage to the Sandwich Islands for his health, 1841, he pub. " Incidents of a Whaling- Voyage," 12mo. Olmsted, FREDERICK LAW, author and landscape-gardener, b. Hartford, Ct., Nov. 10, 1822. He studied engineering and the sciences bearing on agriculture at Y.C. in 1845-6, and then worked on a farm in Central N.Y. ; sub sequently he carried on a farm of his own at Staten Island, at the same time writing for periodicals on rural subjects. In 1850 he made a pedestrian tour in Great Britain and on the Continent, the results of which he pub. as " Walks and Talks of an American Farmer in Eng.," 1852. In 1852-3 he travelled ex tensively in the Southern and South-eastern States, and pub. his observations in " A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States, with Remarks on their Economy," 1856 ; " A Journey through Texas," 1857; and " A Journey in the Back Country," 1860; a resume of the entire series was pub. by him in 1861, entitled " The Cot ton Kingdom, a Traveller s Observations," &c., 2 vols. " The Englishman in Kansas," by T. H. Gladstone, edited by him, was pub. 1857. In 1 855 he made another tour through France, Italy, and Germany ; and in 1856 was app. to superintend the construction of the N.Y. City Central Park. In 1857 the highest prize for the best plans for the ground was awarded to that of Messrs. Olmsted and C. Vaux, which was adopted. He was in 1858 app. architect and chief engr. Mr. Olmsted made another short European journey in 1859, and was long engaged on the Central Park, as well as in laying out the upper part of N. Y. Island and other similar enterprises. A.M. of H.U. 1864. Olney, COL. JEREMIAH, Revol. officer, d. Providence, R.I., Nov. 10, 1812, a. 62. At the commencement of the war he was made lieut.-col. in Angell s regt., of which he was afterwards col., frequently being the chief officer of the R.I. forces. His heroism was conspicu ous at Red Bank, Springfield, Monrnouth, and Yorktown. Many years coll. of customs at Providence, and pres. of the Cincinnati, of R.I. Olney, STEPHEN, Revol. officer, b. North Providence, Oct. 1755; d. there Nov. 23, 1832. A descendant of Rev. Thomas, one of the founders of the Baptist Church in America, b. Hertford, Eng., 1631 ; d. Prov. 11 June, 1722. Entered the army in 1775 as lieut. in Capt J. Olney s company ; was at the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Brandywine, Ger- mantown, and Monmouth, and in " the retreat through N.J. ; received a ball in the arm at the battle of Springfield ; was at the gallant defence of Red Bank, and was promoted to capt. Detached to join Lafayette, he served 673 ORD under that officer at the siege of Yorktown, where he was specially disting. in the capture of a British redoubt, and received several bayo net-wounds. He represented his native town 20 years in the Gen. Assembly, besides holding n amerous town-offices. See Lives of Barton ^nd Olney, % Cath. Williams, Prov. 1839. Onderdonk, BENJAMIN TREADWELL, D.D., LL.l)., clergyman, b. N.Y. City, 1791 ; d. there Apr. 30, 1861. Col. Coll. 1809. Ord. priest in 1813, and app. assist, at Trinity Church; became disting. as a preacher. Prof, in the Gen. Theol. Sera., N.Y., 1826-30 ; made sec. of the Diocesan Convention ; he was, Nov. 26, 1830, consec. bishop as successor of Bishop Hobart in the diocese of New York. He was eminently useful and industrious in this exalted position. In 1844, serious charges, which caused great scandal, led to his trial by the house of bishops ; and though the worst charges were not proved, yet the convention deemed him guilty of such indiscretions, that they suspended him from his episcopal func tions Jan. 3, 1845. Strenuous efforts were made by his friends to re-instate him, but with out success. Onderdonk, HENRY, Jun., educator and author, b. Manhasset, N.Y., 11 June, 1804. Col. Coll. 1827. Fifth in descent from Adrian Andrewse, who emig. from Holland to Flatbush, L.I., bef. 1672. Henry was brought up on his father s farm, and from 1832 to 1865 was prin cipal of Union-hall Academy, Jamaica, L.I. Author of Revol. Incidents of Queen s Co., N.Y., 1846; of Suffolk and King s Counties, 1849; "Queen s Co. in Olden Times," 1865; " Long Island in Olden Times," 1870; "Bibli ography of L.I.," 1866 ; " Hist, of the Soc. of Friends in Queen s Co. 1657-1790," &c. Lec turer on temperance, local history, &c. Hon. member of various historical and genealogical societies. Onderdonk, HENRY USTIC, M.D. (U. of Edinb. 1810), D.D., bishop Prot.-Ep. Church, b. N.Y. City, 1 789 ; d. Phila. Dec. 6, 1 858. Col. Coll. 1805. He studied medicine at London and Edinb. After practising this profession a few years, he studied for the ministry; was ord. deacon in 1815; went as missionary to Canandai^ua in Jan. 1816, which, under his care, grew into a flourishing parish, of which he became rector in 1818; in 1820 he became rector of St. Ann s Church, Brooklyn ; and Oct. 25, 1827, was consec. assist, bishop of Pa. ; sus pended Oct. 21, 1844; restored Oct. 1856. He was a popular preacher and an eminent contro versial writer. He pub. two vols. of sermons ; an essay on "Regeneration," 8vo, 1835; "Ap peal to the Religious Public, &c., of Canandai- gua," 1818; "Episcopacy Examined and Re- examined," 1835; "Family Devotions," 1835; and an important tract, " Episcopacy tested by Scripture," 1 830. Though he had been restored to the ministry, he did not resume the discharge of episcopal functions. Assoc. edit., with Dr. V. Mott, of the ^V. Y. Med. Journal in 1 81 5. Con- trib. to many periodicals, and author of some choice hymns. O Neall, JOHN BELTON, LL.D., jurist, b. Bush River, S.C., Apr. 10, 1793. S.C. Coll. 1812. He taught in an acad. at Newberry; 43 studied law ; and was a short time in active mil itary service during the war with Great Britain. Adm. to the bar in 1814, he soon had a large practice; was a member of the State lesnsl. in 1816, 22, 24, and 26 ; speaker during the last two terms; in 1828 an assoc. judge; in 1830 judge of the Court of Appeals; in 1850 pres. of this court and the Court of Errors ; and was subsequently made chief justice of the State. Abandoning in 1832 the use of spirituoiis li quors and tobacco " in order to save a friend," he in 1841 became pres. of the State Temper ance Society, and in 1852 the head of the Sons of Temperance of N.A. He furnished reminis cences of the Revol. for the Southern Literary Messenqer ; pub. a " Digest of the Negro Law of S.C.," 1848; "Annals of Newberry," 1858; " Biographical Sketches of the Bench and Bar of S.C.," 2 vols. 1859 ; and several pub. addresses. Ord, EDWARD OTHO CRESAP, brev. maj.- general U.S.A., b. Alleghany Co., Md., 1818. West Point, 1839. James, his father, was an officer in the war of 1812. Entering the 3d Art., he served in 1839-42 against the Serninole Indians ; was employed in coast-survey duty in 1845-6, when he was ordered to Cal., where he contrib. to the preservation of law and order by the execution of several noted desperadoes. Capt. 7 Sept. 1850 ; in 1855 he returned to Cal., serving there and in the Territories until 1861, taking part in several Indian expeds. ; brig.- gen. vols. Sept. 14, 1861 ; and com. a brigade in the Pa. Reserves under Gen. McCall. Dec. 20 he defeated a Confed. force, under Stuart, at Dranesville, Va., near the Potomac, for which he was made maj.-gen. May 2, 1862. Ordered to the Army of the Mpi., he was placed in com. of Corinth, and subsequently of the 2d division of the dist. of W. Tenn. He participated in the battle of luka 19 Sept. 1862, for which he was brev. col. ; com. and was severely wounded in the battle of Hatchie 5 Oct. 1862; com. 13th corps at siege and capture of Vicksburg, and at capture of Jackson; com. 18th corps, July 21 to Sept. 30, 1864, in operations before Richmond ; and wounded in assault and cap ture of Ft. Harrison, 29 Sept. 1864; com. dept. of Va. Jan.-June, 1865 ; and engaged in siege of Petersburg, and pursuit and capture of Lee, 9 April, 1865; brev. brig.-gen. for battle of Hatchie, and maj.-gen. for Ft. Harrison; maj. 4th Art. 21 Nov. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 1st Art. Dec. 11, 1865; brig.-gen. of regular army, July 26, 1866. Ord, GEORGE, naturalist, b. Phila. 1781 ; d. there 24 Jan. 1866. Pres. of the Phila. Academy of Nat. Science, 1851-66. Author of Supplement to Alex. Wilson s Ornithol., and Memoir of his Life, 1825; Memoir of C. A. Leueuer, in Am, Journal of Sciences and Arts, ser. ii. v. viii. 23 ; Memoir of Thos. Say, read before Philos. Soc. Dec. 19, 1834. Contrib. to scientific journals. Member Amer. Philos. Soc. and of the Linnsean Soc. of London. Ordaz (or-dath ), DON DIEGO, Spanish ex plorer, served under Cortes in the conquest of Mexico; d. 1533. He was the first white man that ascended Popocatapetl. Authorized by Charles V. to conquer the country between Cape Vela and the Bay of Venezuela, he as cended the Orinoco 160 leagues, ab. 1531. 674 CRT O Reilly, BERNARD, D.D., R.C. bishop of Hartford. Consec. 10 Nov. 1850; d. at sea Jan. 1856. Orellana, FRANCISCO, a Spanish officer, who discovered the great river of the Amazons, b. Truxillo, ab. 1500; d. 1549. He accpmp. Pizarro to Peru in 1531, and took part in its conquest. When, in 1540, Gonzalo Pizarro set out to explore the regions east of the Andes, Orellana was his second in command. After several weeks passed in the descent of the Xapo, one of the upper affluents of the Amazon, their provisions were entirely exhausted ; and Pizarro despatched Orellana and 50 soldiers in a brig- antme, with orders to proceed to the confluence of the waters, procure a supply of provisions, and return to his relief. In 3 days he reached the Amazon, but finding the country a wilder ness, and being scarce able to subsist his own party, he followed the course of the river to the sea (the voyage occupying 7 months) amid al most incredible hardships. He reached the ocean, Aug. 1541, and, sailing to Spain, ex cited great wonder by relating that he had passed through a country inhabited only by women who were warriors, and that he had re ceived authentic information of the existence of an El Dorado, where gold was so plentiful, that houses were roofed with it. He obtained from the Spanish crown a commission to con quer and colonize the region he had discovered, and afterwards organized an exped. for the purpose, but diet! on his voyage. OsTJQSby, STEPHEN, an early settler of Ky. ; d. Louisville, 1846. Brigade-maj. in liar- mar s campaign against the N.W. Indians in 1790; a disting. lawyer; afterward circuit judge; M.C. 1811-17. His son STEPHEN was col. of the " Louisville Legion " in the Mexican war. A. T. Goodman. Orne, AZOR, Revol. patriot, b. Marblchead, 1731 ; d. Boston, June 7, 1796. He was a suc cessful merchant ; was a delegate to the Essex Co. convention in Sept. 1774, and to the Prov. Congress ; was long one of the com. of safety ; and was an active member of com. on military affairs, in organizing the forces, and collecting arms and ammunition. In Jan. 1 776 the Prov. Congress app. him one of the three maj.-gens. of militia; he had previously been a member of the Gen. Court; and, after the adoption of the State constitution in 1780, was many years in the senate and council. He was a zealous advocate for education, his own deficiency in that respect causing him to decline high offices. Orne, JOSEPH, physician, b. Salem, July 6, 1747;^. there Jan. 28, 1786. H.U. 1765. He studied with Dr. Holyoke; practised in Beverly in 1770-7; then removed to Salem. He was a superior poet, a fellow of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, and wrote for the Medical Society. Thacher. Orr, BENJAMIN, lawyer, b. Bedford, N.H., Dec. 1, 1772 ; d. Brunswick, Me., Sept. 5, 1828. Dartm. Coll. 1798. Son of Hon. John. In his youth he worked at a trade, and taught school ; he studied law with Judge Wilde ; began practice at Topsham, Me., in 1801 ; and afterward removed to Brunswick, where he was eminent in chancery practice; M.C. 1817- 19. Author of an " Oration on the Death of Washington/ 5 1800. Willis s Lawyers of Me Orr, HECTOR, M.D., physician, b. E. Bridge- water, Ms., Mar. 24, 1770; d. there Apr. 29, 1855. H.U. 1792. Son of Col. Robert. Pub. a " History of Freemasonry ; " " A Discourse/ 1797; "Oration," 1801. Orr, HUGH, inventor, b. Scotland, Jan. 13, 1717; d . Bridgewater, Ms., Dec. 6, 1 798. Son of Robert of Lochwinoch, Renfrewshire. He was a gunsmith, who, in June, 1 740, settled at Bridgewater, where he erected a trip-hammer, and manufactured scythes and other tools; ab. 1748 he made 500 muskets for the State, believed to have been the first made in this country ; and during the Rcvol. cast iron and brass cannon, and cannon-balls ; he invented a machine for cleaning flax-seed, which he sent to Scotland ; and constructed a machine for the manuf. of cotton. He was some years a State senator. His son, Col. Robert, was armorer at Springfield. Orr, ISAAC, b. Bedford, N.H., 1793; d. Amherst, Ms., 28 Apr. 1844. Y.C. 1818. Son of John, a Revol. officer. Some years a teacher in the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, Hartford ; labored as a preacher and missionary in Washington City, and in the service of the Coloniz. Soc. ; was a proficient in mathematics and nat. philos., and invented an air-tight stove. Coutrib. 45 letters of " Hampden " to the Commercial Advertiser, and 80 letters of " Timoleon " to the Boston Courier. He left a MS. commentary on Daniel and Revelation. Orr, JAMES LAWRENCE, lawyer and states man, b. Craytonville, S.C., May 12, 1822. U. of Va. 1842 ; d. St. Petersburg, May 6, 1873. Until his 18th year, he was obliged to employ a part of his time behind the counter of his father, a country shopkeeper. He studied law ; was adm. to the bar in May, 1 843, and opened an office at Anderson, S.C.; in 1843 he edited the Anderson Gazette; in 1844 and 45 he was a member of the State legisl.; and in 1849-59 was M.C. A member of the Southern-Rights Convention held at Charleston in May, 1851, he opposed the policy, while maintaining the right of secession on the part of the several States. During the 32d Congress he was fre quently chairman of the com. of the whole on the state of the Union ; during the next Con gress was chairman of the com. on Indian affairs ; and was speaker of the 35th Congress. As a member of the S.C. convention which met in Dec. 1 860, he recorded his vote in favor of the immediate and separate secession of his State ; and was subsequently one of the three commiss. to Washington to treat with govt. for the surrender of U.S. forts in Charleston harbor, and to transact other business. Senator of the Confed. States 1862-5 ; gov. S.C. 1866-9. Orr, JOHN, Revol. officer ; d. Bedford, N.H., Dec. 23, 1 822, a. 75. At the battle of Benning- ton he received a ball just above the knee-joint, which crippled him for life. For many years he was a State representative and senator ; was also State councillor ; and 20 years a justice of the peace. Father of Benjamin and Isaac, ante. Orton, AZARIAH G., D.D., Presb. clergy man, b. Tyringham, Ms., 1789; d. Lisle, Broome Co., N.Y., 28 Dec. 1864. Wins. Coll. ORT 675 OSE 1813; Princet. Sem. 1820. Ord. 1822 ; pastor Presb. church, Seneca Falls, N.Y., 1822-35 ; at Greene, N.Y., 1838-52 ; and at Lisle in 1852- 60. In 1838 he pub. a reply to Prof. Stuart on slavery, and wrote ably against the aboli tion of capital punishment. Orton, JASON ROCKWOOD, M.D., physi cian, poet, and editor, b. Hamilton, Madison Co., N.Y., 1806; d. Brooklyn, L.I., Feb. 13, 1867. He practised medicine successfully several years, but, finding his physical powers overtaxed, removed in 1850 to New York, and devoted himself to literary pursuits. He wrote for the Musical World, and at one time edited the Weekly Review and the Binghamton Courier. Among his publications are " Poeti cal Sketches," &c., 1 829 ; " Arnold and other Poems," 1854; "The Camp-Fires of the Red Men ; " and " Confidential Experiences of a Spiritualist," 1858. Osborne, ETHAN, Presb. minister, b. Litchfield, Ct., Aug. 21, 1758; d. Fan-field, N.J., May 1, 1858. B.C. 1784. At the age of seventeen, he volunteered as a private in the Revol. army ; served in the campaign of 1 776, and in the retreat through N. J. Licensed as a minister at the age of 27 ; and from Dec. 1789 to 1844 was settled at the old stone church, Fair-field, N. J. D. C. Alumni. Osborn, JOHN, poet, b. Sandwich, Ms., 1713; d. Middletown, Ct., May 31, 1753. H. U. 1735. Son of Rev. Samuel, minister of Eastham. He studied divinity, but subsequent ly settled at Middletown in the practice of medi cine. Among^ his pieces, which evince consid erable talent, is an epistle written in 1735, and addressed to one sister on the death of another; and a whaling-song, which was long in vogue. His son JOHN, a physician of Middleto^wn (b. 17 Mar. 1741, d. June, 1825), was a s*urgeon in the army at Ticonderoga in 1758; was disting. as a chemist, and pub. La Conda- mine s treatise on the Small-Pox, with an Appendix. His son JOHN CHURCHILL, M.D., b. Middletown, Ct., Sept. 1766, d. St. Croix, Mar. 5, 1819. N. J. Coll. 1801. He prac tised in Newburn, N.C., in 1787-1807; then went to New York, where he was prof, of the institutes of medicine in Col. Coll., and after wards prof, of obstetrics in the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons. He was eminent in his profes sion, and was a connoisseur in poetry, belles- lettres, and painting. Osborne, LAUGHTON, poet, of N.Y. Col. Coll. 1827. Has pub. anonymously "Sixty Years of the Life of Jeremy Levis," N.Y., 1831 ; " The Dream of Alla-ad-Dean ; " " The Confessions of a Poet," Phila. 1835; "The Vision of Rubeta, an Epic Story of the Island of Manhattan, with Illustrations done on Stone," a satire ; " Arthur Carryl, a Novel," the author s best work ; a poem of the " Don Juan " class ; and a treatise on " Oil Paint ing." From a poetical fragment entitled " England as She Is," he appears to have been a resident there in 1833. Also author of "Calvary;" "Virginia Tragedies," 12mo, 1867. Dwjckinck. Osborn, SAMUEL, minister of Eastham, Ms., 1718-37, b. Ireland ab. 1690; d. Boston ab. 1785 Dismissed for Arminianism, he taught a private school in Boston about 10 years. He introduced the use of peat on Cape Cod. He pub. his case and complaint, 1743. Osborn, SELLECK, poet, b. Trumbull, Fairfield Co., Ct., 1783 ; d. Phila. Oct. 1. 1826. He received an ordinary English education, and at 12 years was placed in a newspaper printing-office at D anbury. At 21 he became editor of a Jeffersonian paper, the Litchfield Witness. Found guilty of a libel, he defaulted payment of a heavy fine, and was confined a year in Litchfield jail. After his release he resumed his paper, which he edited some years. During the war of 1812-15 he served as a capt. in the U.S. army ; was stationed on the Cana da frontier; and was in the battle of Plattsburg. After the peace he again edited a paper, first at Benningtpn, Vt., and then the Amer. Watchman at Wilmington, Del. In 1825 he edited a paper supporting Calhoun for the presidency, and soon after removed to Phila. His small volume of "Poems, Moral, Sentimental, and Satirical," Boston, 1823, contains selections from his fugitive pieces. Duyckinck. Osborne, THOS. 0., lawyer and soldier, b. Jersey, Licking Co., O., 11 Aug. 1832. U. of O. 1854. Studied law at Crawfordsville, Ind. ; was adm. to the bar, and settled in Chicago in 1858. Col. 39th 111. Regt. Dec. 1861, serving in W. Va., at the battle of Winchester, 23 *Apr. 1862 ; served in the operations in Charles ton harbor in 1863 ; took part in Butler s exped. up the James River in May, 1864; at Drury s Bluff was severely wounded, losing the use of his right arm ; at the siege of Petersburg he com. 1st brigade, 1st division, 24th corps ; and 2 Apr., 1865, captured Fort Gregg, the key to the works about Petersb. and Richmond, by one of the most gallant and successful charges of the war. For this service he was made brig.-gen. By his prompt movement he cut off the Confed. troops from the Lynchburg road, and contrib. to the capture of Lee s army, and was brev. maj.-gen. 2 Apr. 1865. Now practises law in Chicago. Leading Men of Chicago. Oseola (As-SE-HE-HO-LAR, Or BLACK DRINK), a celebrated Seminole warrior, b. on the Chattahoochee River, Ga., 1804; d. Fort Moultrie, S.C., 30 Jan. 1838. Son of Wm. Powell an Englishman, and a trader with the Indians by an Indian woman. In 1808 the mother and her boy settled in Fla. Though of humble rank, he was the governing spirit of the Seminoles ; was disting. in all dances and games, and was noted for independence and self-possession. Oseola vehemently opposed the removal of the Indians from Fla. ; and having in June, 1835, used insulting language to Gen. Thompson, the U.S. agent at Fort King, he was confined in irons under guard for six days. Dec. 28 he avenged himself . by killing Thompson and 4 others outside the fort. Dec. 31 he led the Indians in the battle of the Withlacoochie against Gen. Clinch, and was wounded in the arm. This band, the same that had massacred Maj. Dade s com. 3 days before, was put to flight. He had several en gagements with the troops under Gen. Gaines; June 9, 1836, was repulsed in a daring and skilful assault on Fort Micanopy; made an 676 OSG- unsuccessM attack on Fort Drane, Aug. 12 ; and contended with skill and energy for more than a year against overwhelming odds ; but 22 Oct. 1837, while holding a conference, under a flag of truce, with Gen. Jesup, near St. Au gustine, Avas treacherously seized, and confined at Fort Moultrie until he died broken-hearted. He was a brave and generous foe, and always protected women and children. OsgOOd, DAVID, D.D. (Y.C. 1797), Cong, clergyman, b. Andover, Ms., Oct. 14, 1747 ; d. Medtbrd, Dec. 12, 1822. H.U. 1771. Ord. Sept. 14, 1774. Descended from John, one of the founders of Andover. Until he was 19, he worked on his father s farm ; he then studied theology with Rev. Mr. Emerson of Hollis, and afterward at Cambridge. He settled as minis ter of Medford, where he continued nearly 50 years, and became a distinguished preacher. A zealous Federalist, one of his sermons in 1794, upon Genet s appeal to the people against the govt., attracted great attention, and passed rap- Telly through several editions. His election ser mon in 1809 was the most celebrated of his dis courses. He was a thorough Calvinist, " a truly good and great man, and an earnest and fearless preacher." A vol. of his sermons was pub. in Boston in 1824. Sprague. Osgood, FRANCES SARGENT, poetess, b. Boston, 18 June, 1811 ; d. Hingham, Ms., May 12, 1850. Dau. of Joseph Lock, a merchant of Boston. Early attracting the notice of Mrs. L. M. Child, she contrib. to her Juvenile Mis cellany poems under the signature of " Flor ence." In 1835 she m. Samuel Stillman Os good, a portrait-painter, with whom she soon afterwards visited London, where he pursued his art-studies. She was not only a contrib. to the Eng. periodicals, but also pub. a small vol. called the " Casket of Fate ; " a collection of her poems under the title of " A Wreath of Wild-Flowers from N. England," 8vo, 1839; a 3-act drama entitled " Elf rida ; " and a play written at the request of Sheridan Knowles, en titled " The Happy Release, or the Triumphs of Love." They returned to Boston in 1840, where she pub. " The Poetry of Flowers and the Flowers of Poetry," together with " The Floral Oifering." In 1849 the poems of Mrs. Osgood were pub. at Phila. in 8vo, illustrated. Soon after her death, a "Memorial" by her friends, with a Life by Dr. Griswold, was pub. (N.Y. 1851). Osgood, HELEN LOUISE (GILSON), phi lanthropist, b. Boston ab. 1835 ; d. Newton Centre, Ms., April 20, 1868. After the death of her parents, she was the ward of F. B. Fay of Chelsea; was well educated; and was en dowed with great musical and conversational talent. When the civil war commenced, she was among the first to organize Soldiers Aid Societies, and provided employment for the wives and daughters of soldiers who were in straitened circumstances. Early in 1862 she went to the army as a nurse, endearing herself to the men by her gentle attentions, her sweet voice, and her great executive power. During the bloody years of 1864-5 she administered comfort and relief to thousands of the severely wounded and dying. She also organized and conducted for many months a hospital for 1,000 patients of the sick and wounded colored soldiers of the Army of the Potomac. In 1866 she was m. to Mr. Osgood, a laborer in the sanitary work in the Army of the Potomac ; but her overtasked powers failed, and she died a martyr to her patriotism and philanthropy. Osgood, SAMUEL, A.A.S., statesman, b. Andover, Ms., Feb. 14, 1748 ; d. N. York, Aug. 12,1813. H.U. 1770. A descendant of John of Andover. He studied theology, but, losing his health, became a merchant. He was often a member of the legisl. ; was a delegate to the Essex Co. convention in Sept. 1774; a mem ber of the Prov. Congress, and on many im portant committees. He was a capt. at Lex ington and Cambridge in April, 1775 ; aide to Gen. Ward in 1775-6; member of the board of war; and left the army in 1776 with the rank of col. and assist, commissary. Member of the house till 1780, when he was a senator; dele gate to the Old Congress 1780-4; first coin- miss, of the U.S. treas. in 1785-9; and U.S. postmaster-gen. 1789-91. Afterwards member of the N.Y. legisl., and speaker of the house ; supervisor of N.Y. in 1801-3 ; and from 1803 till his death naval officer of the port of New York. He pub. several vols. on religious sub jects, and a work on chronology; was well versed in science and literature, and disting. for integrity, public spirit, and piety. OsgOOd, SAMUEL, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1827), pastor 1st Cong. Church, Springfield, from 25 June, 1809, to his d. 8 Dec. 1862; b. Fryeburg, Me., 3 Feb. 1784. D.C. 1805. He was an able preacher, and an active reformer. He pub. some sermons and addresses, " Half-Century Sermon," 1859. Osgood, SAMUEL, D.D. (H.U. 1857), cler gyman and author, b. Charlestown, Ms., Auw. 30, 1812. H.U. 1832; Camb. Divinity School, 1 835. After travelling and preaching 2 years, he was ord., May 6, 1838, over the Unitarian church in Nashua, N.H.; Dec. 29, 1841, he was called to the Westminster Church, Prov., R, I. ; and in 1849 to the Church of the Messiah, N.Y., where he remained until 1869. Ord. deacon in the Pr.-Ep. Church Aug. 5, 1870. Dr. Osgood has pub. translations from Olshausen and Do Wette ; " The History of the Passion," 1 839 ; and " Human Life," 1842. Author of " Stud ies in Christian Biography," 1851; "The Hearthstone," 1854 ; God with Men," 1854 ; "Milestones in our Life-Journey," 1855; and "Student-Life," 1860. He edited the Weat rn Messenger, Louisville, Ky., in 1836-7; and the Christian Inquirer, N.Y., 1850-4. He has con trib. to the Christian Examiner, the N. A. Re view, the Bibliotheca Sacra, and the leading monthly magazines. His printed sermons, speeches, and orations are numerous : among them is his discourse at Meadville Theological School on " The Coming Church and its Cler gy," 1858; and his oration before the alumni of H.U. in 1860. He has been active in literary and educational objects. His theological sym pathies, before becoming an Episcopalian, were with what was called the "Broad Church." Many years corresp. sec. of the N.Y. Historical Society. Osgood, THADDEUS, philanthropist, b. Methuen, Ms., Oct. 24, 1775; d. Glasgow, OSS 677 OTI Scotland, Jan. 19, 1852. Dartm. Coll. 1803. He studied divinity with Drs. Lothrop and Emmons. Ord. ab. 1806; was stated supply in Southbury, Ct. ; and was a missionary in N. Y. and Canada. He organized the first church in Buffalo, N. Y., and many others ; in 1812 collected $9,000 in Eng. for a school in Quebec, and gathered there 200 boys in a sab bath school; went again to Eng. in 1825, and collected $5,000 for a society to promote edu cation and industry; in 1837 formed another society in Canada to supply Bibles for seamen and emigrants ; was many years a distributer of tracts, and founder of sabbath schools ; went a third time to Eng. for benevolent objects ; and closed his useful life in Scotland. Ossoli. See FULLER, SARAH MARGARET. Osterhaus, GEN. PETER JOSEPH, b. Prus sia. Served as an officer in the Prussian army; afterward settled in St. Louis, Mo. Entered the Union service in 1861 as maj. 2d Mo. Vols. ; took part in the battles of Dug Spring and Wilson s Creek; became col. 12th Mo. Vols. ; com. a brigade under Gen. Fremont; took part in the exped. under Gen. Curtis which resulted in the battle of Pea Ridge, where he com. a divis. and greatly disting. himself ; was made brig.- gen. June 9, 1862 ; in Dec. com. a divis. in the 13th corps at Helena, Ark., with which he par ticipated in the capture of Arkansas Post, 1 1 Jan. 1 863, and in the Vicksburg campaign ; com. 1st div. 15th corps in the operations at Chatta nooga and battle of Mission. Ridge ; in the At lanta campaign in 1864, and in that of Ga. and S.C. com. the 15th corps; maj .-gen. 23 July, 1864; chief of staff to Gen. Canby at Kirby Smith s surrender in May, 1865. Oswald, COL. ELEAZER, b. Eng. ab. 1755 ; d. New York, Oct. 1 , 1795, of yellow-fever. He was of good family, being related to Richard of Auchencruive. His sympathies were awakened by the action of the Sons of Liberty in America as early as 1770, and he soon after came to America ; served as a capt. under Arnold, and at the capture of Ticonderoga, and became Ar nold s sec. ; he exhibited great bravery at the siege of Quebec at the close of 1775, where he com. the forlorn hope after Arnold was wound ed ; in 1777 he was made a lieut.-col. in Lamb s regt. of artillery, and soon afterwards disting. himself with Arnold at Compo. For his bra very at the battle of Monmouth he was highly commended by Generals Knox and Lee ; soon after this engagement he left the service. He engaged in the printing and publishing busi ness at Phila., and was app. public printer. Upon constitutional questions he was an oppo nent of Hamilton, whom in 1789 he challenged to fight a duel ; their friends adjusted the mat ter, and the meeting was prevented. In 1792, being in Eng. on business, he went to the Con tinent, joined the French army, and com. a regt. of art. at the battle of Jemuppes. Oswald, RICHARD of Auchencruive, b. 1 705 ; d. Nov. 6, 1784. One of the framers of the treaty of peace which closed the Revol. war. He was a merchant of Lond., and gave bail fur Henry Laurens in the sum of 50,000. He m. Mary Ramsay, celebrated by Burns in one of his songs. Otey, JAMES HERVEY, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1833), Pr.-Ep. bishop of Tenn., b. Liberty Va., Jan. 27, 1800; d. Memphis, Tenn., Apr. 23, 1863. U. of N. C. 1820. Ord. 1825, and was the first Prot.-Episc. minister who settled in Tenn.j consec. bishop Jan. 14, 1834; and did duty in Mpi., La., and Ala., among the In dians, &c. Throughout the South and South west his title was, " the Good Bishop." Though strongly opposed to secession, he was persuaded to write his famous letter to the sec. of state, remonstrating against coercive meas ures on the part of the Federal govt. : the able reply to this letter changed the views of " the Good Bishop," who thenceforth acted with the Northern diocese. Author of numerous ad dresses, sermons, charges, speeches, c., and a vol. entitled " Unity of the Church," &c., 8vo, 1852. Otis, HARRISON GRAY, statesman and ora tor, b. Boston, Oct. 8, 1765; d. there Oct. 28, 1848. H.U. 1783. Son of Samuel A., and nephew of James Otis. Adm. to the bar 1786, he soon became a successful lawyer, and entered upon public life, where his brilliant talents, graceful oratory, and extensive acquirements, gained him great eclat. Aide to Gen. Brooks in the Shays Insurrection in 1786 ; member of the legisl. in 1796; M.C. and a prominent leader of the Federal party in 1797-1801 ; U.S. dist.-atty. 1801 ; member of the legisl. and speaker 1803-5 ; pres. of the State senate 1805- 11; judge of C. C. P. 1814-18; U.S. senator 1817-22 ; mayor of Boston 1829-32. He was a prominent member of the Hartford Conven tion in Dec. 1814, the views and proceedings of which he afterwards wrote, and pub. a series of letters upon. In the U.S. senate he made an eloquent speech in reply to Plnckney on the Mo. Question in Jan. 1820. He pub. an ora tion, July 4, 1788 ; letter to W. Heath 1798 ; eulogy on Hamilton 1804 ; speech on the Mo. Question 1820 ; on the Sedition Law ; addresses in Boston 1824 and 1830. Otis, JAMES, col. and judge, b. Barnstable, June 14, 1702; d. Nov. 9, 1778. Son of Judge John Otis, and, without the advantages of a regular education, rose by the native energy of his mind to distinction. A diligent study of the principles of law, as connected with politi cal institutions, had prepared him as an oppo nent of the ministerial plans against the Colo nies, and he ardently engaged in asserting their rights ; a member of the Prov. legisl. in 1758 ; made speaker of the house in 1760; and con tinued in that office two years, when he was negatived by Gov. Bernard. On the death of Chief Justice Sewall in 1760, Col. Otis, sec onded by his son James, applied to Gov. Ber nard for the app. of assoc. judge. Mr. Hutchin- son, who was nominated, attributes to their disappointment the " flaming patriotism " of the father and son. In 1763 he was app. judge of probate for Barnstable Co. ; chief justice of the C. C. P. Feb. 1764 ; the same year he was chosen speaker of the house, and also one of his Majesty s council, but was negatived by the gov., owing to his opposition to the measures of govt. fie was elected to the council every succeeding year, and was negatived regularly until 1770, when Lieut.-Gov. Hutchinson appro bated the choice. During the first years of the OTI 678 OTIS war, Mr. Otis sat at the council board, of which he was pres. and the oldest member. Otis, JAMES, orator and llevol. patriot, b. W. Barnstable, Ms., 5 Feb. 1725; d. Andovcr, Ms., 23 May, 1783. H.U. 1743. Son of the preceding. He studied law with J. Gridley ; at 21 began practice at Plymouth ; removed to Boston in 1750, and acquired a high reputation at the bar; in 1755 he m. Ruth Cunningham. In 1760 he pub. "Rudiments of Latin Proso dy." Otis s public career dates from his fa mous speech against the " Writs of Assist ance" in 1761 ; chosen to the legisl. in May, 1761, he became the leader of the popular par ty ; in 1764 he pub. a pamphlet, "The Rights of the Colonies Vindicated," a masterpiece ^ of argument. June 6, 1765, he moved the calling of a congress of delegates from the several Colo nies, which was adopted, and to which he was in Oct. a delegate, and one of the com. to pre pare an address to the commons of Eng. Elected speaker of the house in May, 1767, he was negatived by the gov., and resigned his office of judge-advocate. Upon the require ment of Gov. Bernard that the legisl. should rescind its Circular Letter requesting the Colo nies to unite on some suitable mode of redress, Otis made a speech, pronounced by his enemies as the " most violent, abusive, and treasonable declaration that perhaps was ever uttered." The house refused to rescind by a vote of 92 to 17. In the summer of 1769 he denounced in the Gazette, in severe terms, the calumnies of some of the customs-officers ; who attacked him Sept. 9, and inflicted a deep cut on his head, to which has been partly attributed the derange ment under which he afterwards labored. He obtained a verdict against Robinson, one of his assailants, for 2,000, which he gave up on re ceiving a written apology, and withdrew to the country in 1770 on account of his health. He was again a representative in 1771, but took no active part in affairs subsequently, his mind having become seriously impaired. During a brief lucid interval he resumed practice in Bos ton, but, 6 weeks after his return to Andover, was killed by a stroke of lightning, a fate for which he had often expressed a wish. Otis s great defect was his irascibility. He was a man of powerful genius and ardent temper, of impetuous and commanding eloquence, and, as a lawyer, stood at the head of the profession. He pub., besides the works named, " Vindica tion of the House of Representatives," 1762; and "Considerations," &c., 1765. See Tu dor s Life of Otis, 8vo, 1823. Otis, COL. JOHN, judge, b. Hingham, Ms., 1 657 ; d. Barnstable, Ms., Sept. 23, 1 727. John his father was in Hingham in 1 635 ; went to Scituateab.1662; and d. 1684, a. 64. Col. Otis was 20 years the representative of Barnstable ; councillor 1706-27; many years com. the militia of the county ; was chief justice of the C.C.P., and first judge of probate. He had fine talents, and possessed great wit and humor. Otis, SAMUEL ALLEYNE, bro. of James, b. Barnstable, Nov. 24, 1 740; d. at Washington, Apr. 22, 1814. H.U. 1759. He commenced the study of law, but abandoned it, and en gaged in mercantile pursuits in Boston ; repre sentative to the Gen. Court in 1776, and a member of the convention which framed the State constitution; during the Revol. he waa a member of the board of war, and in 1784 speaker of the house; in 1787 he was app. one of the commiss. to negotiate with the insurgents in the Shays Rebellion ; member of Congress in 1788 ; and, after the adoption of the Federal Constitution, was chosen sec. of the U.S. senate. He m. Elizabeth, only dau. of Harrison Gray, receiver-gen, of Ms. (who d. 1794, a. 84), and was the father of H. G. Otis. Otterbein, PHILIP WILLIAM, founder of the Church of the United Brethren, b. Dillen- burg, Germany, June 4, 1726; d. Baltimore, Md., Nov. 17, 1813. Ord. to the ministry in the Reformed Church at Herborn in 1 749 ; sent in 1752 missionary to America by the synod of Holland, he settled first at Lancaster, Pa. ; officiated at Tulpehockea and York, Pa., and Frederick, Md., and in 1774 established himself at, Baltimore; shortly after his settle ment at Lancaster he adopted "new measures," such as prayer-meetings, class-meetings, and open-air meetings held in groves ; he made many itinerant tours, associating with himself other preachers of like faith and zeal ; and at the time of his death there were united to his church ab. 100 preachers and 20,000 members. He was a man of great learning, piety, and zeal. His church is spread over large portions of the Northern and Southern States, and numbers about 90,000 communicants. Otto, JOHN C., M.D. (U. of Pa. 1796), physician, b. N. J. 1775; d. Philadelphia, June 30, 1845. N. J. Coll. 1792. His father, Dr. Bodo Otto, Avas a disting. physician and Revol. officer. John C. was a successful practitioner in Phila. for nearly 50 years ; was an attending physician ^ in the Pa. Hospital, and for many years clinical lecturer in that institution. He pub. med. papers in the N. Y. Med. Repos., and m the N. A. Med. and Surg. Journal 1828-30. See Memoirs by 7. Parish, Phila. 1845. Otto, Louis WILLIAM, COUNT DE MOSLOY, French diplomatist, b. 1754 in the duchy of Baden; d. Paris, Nov. 9, 1817. Educated at the U. of Strasburg; in 1777 app sec. of lega tion at Bavaria. The ambassador Luzerne, being app. minister to the U.S. in 1779, took with him M. Otto, who remained as sec. and charge d affaires till 1 792 ; he was then employed by the com. of public safety, but, on the fall of the Girondists, was sent to the Luxembourg Prison, where he remained till the 9th thermi- dor; in 1798 he went to Berlin as sec. to the ambassador Sieyes ; in 1800 he was sent to Eng. to treat for an exchange of prisoners, and acted as minister-plenipo. till the peace of Amiens; after the campaign of 1809 he was ambassador to Vienna, where he negotiated the marriage of Napoleon with the archduchess ; he became a minister of state on his return to Paris in 1813, and during the hundred days was under-sec, of state for foreign affairs. He m. a Miss Livingston. Ouseley, SIR WILLIAM GORE, D.C.L. (of Oxon.), son of Sir William, b. Lond. 1797 ; d. there 6 Mar. 1866. Attache at Stockholm 1817; at Washington in Nov. 1825; and m. there the dau. of C. P. Van Ness. Author of OVA. 679 OWE ""Remarks on the Statistics and Polit. Insti tutions of the U S.," 8vo, 1832 ; " Views of S. America/ 1852, &c. Ovando, NICOLAS, a Spanish officer, and commander of the order of Alcantara, b. ab. 1460; d 1518. He succeeded Bobadilla as gov. of Hispaniola in 1501. Though just and kind to the Spanish colonists, he perpetrated great cruelties upon the Indians, many of whom were massacred at Xaraqua by his orders ; he also treated Columbus with great injustice, thwarting him upon all occasions. He was re called in 1 508, and succeeded by Diego Colum bus, son of the great admiral. Overman, "FREDERICK, mining engr. of Phila.; d. 1852. Author of " Manuf. of Iron," 1850; of "Steel," 1851; "Moulders and Founders Pocket-Guide," 1851 ; "Pract. Min eralogy, Assaying, and Mining," 1851 ; "Mechanics for the Millwright, Machinist," &c, 1852; "Metallurgy," 1852. Altibone. Oviedo, Y VALDES (o-ve-a do e val-dSs ), GONZALEZ HERNANDO, a Spanish chronicler, b. Madrid, 1478; d. Valiadolid, 1557. Of noble descent, lie spent several years of his youth at court, and saw the final campaigns of the Moorish war. In 1514 he was sent to St. Domingo as supervisor of gold smeltings ; became insp.-gen. of commerce, and passed most of his days in America. Author of " Cronica de las Indias" 1535, repub. at Sala manca, with additions, in 1547, one of the scarcest and most valuable records of early Spanish- American history ; also of a valuable work, still in MS., " Quinquagenus," or 50 dialogues ; his " History of Nicaragua " was pub. by Ternaux Compans, Paris, 8vo, 1840. Owen, COL. ABRAHAM, b. Prince Edward Co., Va., 1769 ; killed at the battle of Tippe- canoe, Nov. 7, 1811. He moved to Shelby Co., Ky., in 1785 ; served in the campaigns of Wil kinson and St. Clair in 1791, and in Col. Har- din s exped. to White River. Surveyor of Shelby Co. in 1796; afterward a magistrate., and col. of militia ; member of the Ky. Const. Conv. in 1799, and of both branches of the State legisl. ; aide-de-camp to Harrison atTip- pecanoe. Collins s Hist. Ky. Owen, DAVID DALE, geologist, son of Robert, b. Lanarkshire, Scotland, June 24, 1807 ; d. New Harmony, Ind., Nov. 13, 1860. He was educated with his bro. R. D. Owen at Hofwyl, Switzerland, and in 1826 accomp. his father to New Harmony. He spent 2 years in the study of geology and other branches of natural science in Europe, and in 1833 took up his permanent residence in the U. S. In 1835 he received the degree of M.D. from the Ohio Med. Coll., and 2 years later was employed by the legisl. of Ind. in a geological survey of the State, the results of which were pub., and re printed in 1859. He next made a minute ex amination of the mineral-lands of Iowa, under instructions from the gen. land-office ; and in 1848 he was employed by govt. to conduct the geol. survey of Wis., Iowa, and Minn., the re sult of which was pub. in 1852. Of a survey of Ky., from 1852 to 1857, 3 vols. have been pub. In 1857 he was app. State geologist of Ark., and in 1858 pub. a report of his survey, i vol. 8vo. Owen, GEORGE W., politician, b. Bruns wick Co., Va., 1796 ; d. Mobile, Ala., Aug. 18, 1837. He was speaker of the Ala. house o w * representatives; M.C. 1823-9 ; mayor of Mo bile, and afterwards coll. of that port. Owen, GRIFFITH, an eminent Quaker preacher and phvsician to the early settlers of Pa.; d. Phila. 1717. He held several civil stations. Owen, JOHN, gov. N.C. 1828-30, b. Bladen Co., N.C., Aug. 1787; d. Pittsborough, Oct. 1841. Educated at the U. of N.C. Devoled himself to agriculture ; member of the house in 1812, and of the senate in 1827 ; and pres. of the conv. at Harrisburg which nominated Harrison in 1840. Owen, JOHN JASON, D.D., LL.D., scholar and author, b. Colebrook, Ct., Aug. 13, 1803 ; d. N.Y. Apr. 18, 1869. Mid. Coll., Vt., 1829 ; And. Sem. 1831. Ord. in 1832, and connected with the Presb. Educ. Soc. On the establish ment of the Cornelius Inst., he took charge of it, withdrawing in Nov. 1848 to become prof, of the Latin and Greek languages and lit. at the N.Y. Free Acad. July 7, 1853, he became vice-principal; and May 2, 1866, when it be came a coll., he was made vice-pres. He made excellent translations of Homer s " Iliad " and " Odyssey," Thucydides, and Xenophon s " Anabasis " and " Cyropasdia ; " and pub. Acts of the Apostles in Greek, with lexicon. He also pub. 3 vols. of Commentaries on the Gospels. Owen, ROBERT, philanthropist, b.- New- town, Montgomeryshire, Scotland, 14 March, 1771 ; d. there 19 Nov. 1858. He acquired wealth by the manuf. of cotton, and, sympa thizing with the working-classes, he, with his father-in-law and partner, David Dale, intro duced reforms in regard to their dwellings, their hours of labor, and the education of their children. In 1812 he pub. " New View of So ciety," maintaining a theory of modified com munism. Wishing to test his system on a large scale, he in 1825 purchased New Harmony, Ind., and, with the assistance of his son Robert Dale Owen, tried it there. It flourished for a time ; but as asocial experiment it was a failure, as was also his effort to establish in London a " labor exchange." In 1828 he went to Mex., but could effect nothing there; in 1829 he held a public debate at Cincin. with Alexander Campbell of Bethany on " The Evidences of Christianity," pub. 2"vols. 8vo, 1829. He and his followers, the " Owenites," originated the labor-leagues, from which sprung the Chartist movement. In his later years he was a Spirit ualist. Among his works are " Essays on the Formation of Human Character," and " The Book of the New Moral World," presenting a system of religion and society according to reason. His Autobiography gives much of in terest in his career. See Life of Owen by F. A. Packard, Phila. 12mo, 1866. Owen, ROBERT DALE, author and politi cian, son of Robert, b. Glasgow, Nov. 7, 1801 ; d. Lake George, N. Y., June 24, 1877. Educated at Hofwyl, Switzerland. Came to Amer. in 1825; he edited with Madame D Arusemont the New- Harmony Gazette, afterward called the Frr.e In- quirrr, Oct. 1825-Dcc. 1834. Menu of the Ind. legisl. 1835-8; M.C. 1843-7 ; chairman of OWE 680 the Intl. Const. Conv. in 1849; min. resident at Naples in 1854-8. After 15 years labor, he procured the passage of laws in Ind. securing to women independent rights of property, and during the Rebellion served on two important govt. commissions. He was prominent in the organization of the Smithsonian Inst., and one of its first regents. Author of "Popular Tracts," 1830 ; " Moral Physiology," 1831 ; " Pocahontas," a drama, 1837; "Hints on Public Architecture/ in Smithsonian Contribs., 4to, 1849; " Plank-Roads/ 1856 ; "Footfalls on the Boundaries of Another World," 1860 ; " The Wrong of Slavery, and the Right of Emancipation," 1864; "Policy of Emancipa tion," 1863 ; " Beyond the Breakers," 1869. Owens, JOHN E., comedian, b. Liverpool, 1823; brought to the U.S. in 1826, and was afterwards in business in Phila. His first ap pearance was at the National, Phila. ; Aug. 20, 1846, he played at Masonic Hall, Phila. Joint manager of the Baltimore Museum in 1849; made an extensive European tour in 1852; manager of the Charles-st. Theatre, Baltimore, 1854, and of the N. Orleans Varieties 1859-61 ; played a brilliant engagement at Wallack s, N.Y. 1864-5 ; opened at the London Adelphi, July 3, 1865, as Solon Shingle, his great part ; was at the Broadway in Jan .-Apr. 1866 ; and in 1869 played John Unit, in^" Self," at Wallack s, N.Y. Brown s Amer. Stage. Owsley, WILLIAM, gov. Ky. 1844-8, b. Va. 1782; d. Danville, Ky., Dec. 1862. His father settled in Lincoln Co., Ky., in 1783. He taught school; studied law with Judge Boyle ; represented Garrard Co. for several years in the legisl. ; judge of the Supreme Ct. 1812-28. Removed to Boyle Co. in 1843. Oxenbridge, JOHN, minister of Boston, b. Daventry, Eng., Jan. 30, 1609 ; d. Dec. 28, 1674. Educated at Oxford, and also at Cam bridge, where he took his degree in 1631 ; be came a preacher ; made several voyages to the W. Indies ; was orcl. pastor of a church in Bev erly, Eug., in 1644, and chosen fellow of Eton Coll. ; and afterwards settled at Berwick-on- Tweed, where he was silenced in 1662. He next went to Surinam ; in 1667 was at Barba- does ; and in 1669 came to Boston, where he was ord. April 10, 1670, over the First Church as coil, with Mr. Allen. He was a very pop ular preacher. His publications are "The Duty of Watchfulness ; " "Election Sermon," 1671; " Seasonable Seeking of God;" and " A Proposition for propagating the Gospel by Christian Colonies in Guiana." Eliot. Oxendine, ALEXANDER W., Baptist cler gyman and Revol. veteran, b. S.C. Aug. 26, 1759; d. Benton s Creek, Phelps Co., Mo., Sept. 3, 1869, aged 110. He was one of Mari on s men, and was many years a minister. He retained his sight, hearing, and intellect to his last hour. Pabodie, WILLIAM JEWETT, poet, b. Providence, R.I., ab. 1812; d. there 1870. Has pul). " Calidore," a legendary poem, and inanv smaller pieces. Paca, WILLIAM, Revol. statesman, b. Wye Hall, Hurford Co., Md., Oct. 31, 1740; d. 1799. Phila. Coll. 1758. Adm. a student at the Middle Temple, Lond., Jan. 14, 1762; practised law at Annapolis; member of the legisl. from 1771, signalizing himself by his opposition to the royal govt. ; member of the com. of corresp. in 1774; delegate to Congress 1774-9, and a signer of the Decl. of Indep. ; State senator 1777-9 ; chief justice 1778-80; chief judge of the Court of Appeals 1780-2 ; gov. 1782 and 1786; member of the conven tion which ratified the U.S. Constitution in 1788, and U.S. dist. judge from 1789 till his death. He contrib. of his private wealth to the patriot cause, and served upon many impor tant local committees. His first wife was a dau. of Samuel Chew. Packard, REV. ALPHEUS SPRING, D.IX (Bowd. Coll. 1860), b. Chelrnsford, Ms., 1798. Bowd. Coll. 1816. Tutor there 1819-24, and prof, of Greek and Latin 1824-65; librarian 1869. Edited, with notes, Xenophon s " Memo- rab./M839; works of Rev. Jesse Appleton, with Memoir, 2 vols. 8vo, 1837. Contrib. Sketches of Appleton. Samuel Eaton, and Dr. Packard, to Sprague s " Annals," and papers to several periodicals. Pub. " Hist. Bunker s- Hill-Monument Assoc," 1853. Packard, FuEDEPtiCK ADOLPHUS, LL.D, (N.J. Coll. 1859), b. Marlborough, Ms., Sept. 26, 1794; d. Nov. 11, 1867. H.U. 1814. Son of Rev. Asa. He read law at Northampton, Ms.; practised law at Springfield, Ms., 1817- 29; member State legisl. 1828-9; edited the Hampden Federalist 10 years; removed in 1829 to Phila., and from 1829 to his d. edited the publications of the Sunday-school Union, 2,000 in number, more than 40 of which he wrote or compiled. Elected pres. of the Gi- rard Coll. for orphans, July, 1849, but declined. He edited the S. S. Magazine, the S. S. Journal^ and Youth s Penny Gazette ; prepared the soci ety s annual reports ; pub. tracts and occasion al papers on S. school, educational, and other subjects ; edited 11 vols. of the Phila. Jour, of Prison Discipline, and contrib. to the Princeton Rev., the N. Englander, and other periodicals. Among his pubs, are " Union Bible Diction ary," 1837; "The Teacher Taught." 1839; " Separation of Convicts," 1849 ; "The Teach er Teaching," 1861 ; " The Rock," 1861 ; " Life of Robert Owen," 1866 ; " Daily Public School of the U.S.," 1866; "Visit to Euro pean Hospitals," 1840. Packer, WILLIAM F., gov. Pa. 1858-61, b. Centre Co., Pa., 1807 ; d. Williamsport, Pa., Sept. 27, 1870. He became a printer ; studied, but never practised law ; pub. the Lycoming Gazette in 1827-36 ; canal com. 1839-42 ; State auditor 1842-5; State senator 1845-8; then pres. of the Susquehanna R.R. Co. until its consolidation with the Northern Central R.R. Co., of which he was a director until 1858. Paez (pa-eW), JOSE ANTONIO, a South- American soldier, b. San Felipe, Caracas, 1787. Pie fought on the royalist side in the beginning of the struggle for liberty, but joined the patriots in 1810; defeated Rafael Lopez in 1816, and was made a brig.-gen. ; recovered the province of Apure ; routed La Torre at Las Mercuritas, 28 Jan. 1817 ; and thenceforth acted in concert with Bolivar. For his ser vices at Ortiz he was made gen. of division The battle of Carabobo in 1821, which secured 681 the independence of Colombia, established his military reputation ; and Bolivar offered to make him gen.-in-chief. His capture of Puer to Cabello, in Nov. 1823, ended Spanish author ity in Colombia. He was made a senator and commandant of Venezuela ; and when, in Sept. 1829, it became an indep. republic, Paez was chosen pres. In 1839 he again became pres. He led the revolutionists against the usurper Monagas in 1848, but was unsuccessful, and was imprisoned, but was released, and resided in New York, May, 1850-Dec. 1858, when he returned to Venezuela. Minister to the U.S. in 1860; d. N.Y. City, May 6, 1873. Page, BENJAMIN, capt. U.S.N., b. Eng. 1792; d. New York, April 16, 1858. Mid- shipm. Dec. 17, 1810; lieut. Apr. 27, 1816; master Dec. 22, 1835; capt. Sept. 8, 1841. Page, CHARLES GRAFTON, M.D., physi cist, b. Salem, Ms., Jan. 28, 1812; d. Wash ington, D.C., May 5, 1868. H.U. 1832. He constructed an electrical machine when only ten years of age. In 1838-40 he practised medicine in Va. ; was prof, of chemistry in Col. Coll., D.C., in 1839-40, and from that time till his death was examiner in the U.S. patent-office. He was a frequent contrib. to Silliman s Journal, and is the author of a con cise and complete treatise upon the subject of electrical science and discovery. He had been for years perfecting machinery for the effective and economical use of electro-magnetism as t motive-power, and had so far succeeded as to be able to use it for the propulsion of machine ry, and, to some extent, as a locomotive force. Author of " Psychomancy, or Spirit-Rappings Exposed," 12mo, 1853. Page, DAVID P., b. Epping, N.H., 1816; d. 1848. Principal of the N.Y. State Normal School. Author of " Elem. Chart of Vocal Sounds," 1847; "Theory and Practice of Teaching/ 1847. Page, JOHN, gov. of Va. 1802-5, b. Rose- well, Gloucester Co., Va., April 17, 1743; d. Richmond, Oct. 11, 1808. Wm. and M. Coll. 1763, which he represented in the house of burgesses. He was also a member of the Colonial Council. Disting. for talents and patriotism, he displayed during the Revol. an ardent attachment to the cause of the Colo nies ; was in 1776 one of the most conspicuous members of the convention which formed the constitution of Va., and was app. one of the first councillors ; member of the com. of pub lic safety, and lieut.-gov. of the State; and also contrib. freely from his private fortune to the public cause. At one time he com. a mili tia regt. raised to repel a British invasion. He was among the first representatives to Con gress from Va. 1789-97 ; and was commiss. of loans for Va. from 1806 till his death. He pub. addresses to the people 1796-9. His son OCTAVIUS AUGUSTUS, first lieut. of the frig ate " Chesapeake," d. Boston, June, 1 81 3, a. 28. Page, JOHN, gov. of N.H. 1839-42, b. Haverhill, N.H., May 21, 1787; d. there Sept, 8, 1865. He received an academical educa tion ; was a practical farmer, and, during the intervals of public duty, resided upon and cul tivated the old homestead farm l<;ft him by his ancestors. Assessor of the direct tax, 5th dist., N.H., 1815; member of the legisl. 1818- 20 and 1835; register of deeds, Grafton Co., 1828-34; U.S. senator 1836-7; State coun cillor 1838. He was a leading Mason. Page, THOMAS JEFFERSON, commandef U.S.N., b. Va. ab. 1815. Midshipman in 1827; lieut. in June, 1833; and com. Sept. 1855. The early part of his service was in the coast-survey. In 1853-May, 1856, he com. an exped. to explore the River La Plata, a nar rative of which was pub. N.Y., 8vo, 1859 ; and in 1857-Dec. 1860, made an exploration of the Parana and the tributaries of the Paraguay. Page, WILLIAM, painter, b. Albany, Jan". 23, 1811. He went with his parents to N.Y. City in 1819, and at the age of 11 received a premium from the Amer. Institute for a drawing in India ink. After passing nearly a year with Herring, a portrait-painter, he became a pu pil of S. F. B. Morse ; was adm. a student of the acad., and received the premium of a large silver medal for his drawings from the antique. He spent a year in Albany, painting portraits, excelling in the brillancy of his color and the accuracy of his drawing! Adm. a member of the National Acad., he was app. to paint the portraits of Gov. Marcy and John Quincy Adams. Besides portraits, he has executed several historical compositions, a " Holy Fami ly," now in the Boston Athenseum ;" " The Wife s Last Visit to her Condemned Husband," and " The Infancy of Henri IV." He resided some time in Boston, where he painted a great number of portraits; returned to New York, where he remained 2 years ; aijd then went to Europe, residing 1 1 yrs. in Florence and Rome. He returned in the autumn of 1860 to New York, where he now resides. In Italy he painted many portraits, produced his two " Venuses," his " Moses and Aaron on Mount Horeb," the " Flight into Egypt," the " Infant Bacchus," and other works. His copies of Titian were so remarkably like the originals, that one of them was stopped by the authorities of Florence under the belief that it was the origi nal painting. Since his return to New York, he has delivered a course of lectures on art, and has pub. a " New Method of Measuring the Human Body," based upon the models of the antique. Paige, ALONZO CHRISTOPHER, jurist, b. Scaghticoke, N.Y., July 31, 1797 ; d. Schenec- tady, N.Y., Mar. 31, 1868. Wms. Coll. 1812. His father, Rev. Winslow, intended him for the ministry ; but, preferring the law, he was adm. to the bar in 1819; was reporter of the Court of Chancery in 1828-46, publishing in the meanwhile 1 1 vols. of Chancery Reports ; member of theN.Y. legisl. in 1826-30; senator 1838-42 ; justice of the Supreme Court 1847- 51, and 1855-7 ; and a member of the Const. Conv. in June, 1867. Paige, ELBRIDGE GERRY ("Dow, jun."), journalist, author of " Short Patent Sermons " by Dow, jun., originally pub. in the A r . Y. Sun day Mercury, of which he was editor and pro prietor ; b. Hard wick, Apr. 5, 1813; d. San Francisco, 4 Dec. 1859. Meeting with reverses in N.Y., he went ab. 1849 to Cal., where he be came intemperate, and d. in great want. Paige, Lucius ROBINSON, D.D. (Tufts 682 Coll. 1861), b. Hardwick, Ms., Mar. 8, 1802. Universalist preacher 1825-41 ; since cashier Cambridge (Ms.) Bank; and in 1846-55 city cUrk of C. Has pub. " Selections from Emi nent Commentators," 1833 ; " Centennial at Hardwick." Nov. 15, 1838 ; " Commentary on N. Test./ 6 vqls. 1844-69 ; papers in Univer salist periodicals. He is preparing a History of Cambridge, Ms. Paine, CHARLES, gov. of Vt. 1841-3, b. Williamstown, Vt., Apr. 15, 1799; d. Waco, Texas, July 6, 1853. H. U. 1820. Son of Elijah. Engaged in manufacturing, in which he was very successful. He rendered the State great service in the construction of its rail roads. His last railroad project was the ex ploration of a southern route for a great Pacific railroad. Gov. Paine was a liberal patron of the U. of Vt. and the Northfield Academy. Paine, ELIJAH, LL.D. (H.U. 1812), jurist, b. Brooklyn, Ct., Jan. 21, 1757 ; d. Williams- town, Vt., Apr. 28, 1842. H.U. 1781. He studied law, and in 1784 settled in Vt. Mr. Paine was a scholar, a well-read lawyer, and also a farmer, a road-maker, and a pioneer in the manufacture of American cloths, for which purpose he constructed an establishment at Northfield. Member and sec. of the conven tion to revise the State constitution in 1786 ; member of the State legisl. 1787-91 ; a judge of the Supreme Court 1791-5; U.S. senator 1795-1 801, and U.S. dist. judge for Vt. in 1801- 42. In 1789 he was one of the commiss. to settle the controversy between N.Y. and Vt. ; pres. of the Vt. Colonization Society, to which, as well as to Dartm. Coll. and to the U. of Vt., he was a liberal benefactor. Fellow of the Amer. and Northern Academies of Arts and Sciences. In 1782 he pronounced the first oration before the Phi Beta Kappa Soc. of H.U., and was elected its pres. in 1789. Paine, ELIJAH, lawyer, son of the preced ing, b. Williamstown, Vt., Apr. 10, 1796; d. N.Y. Oct. 6, 1853. H.U. 1814; Litchf. Law School. Adm. to the bar, and practised in N.Y. City. Associated in business with Henry Wheaton, LL.D., he had much to do with the Reports of the U.S. Supreme Court which bear Mr. Wheaton s name. He was also the author of Paine s "U.S. Circuit Reports;" and in 1830, in connection with John Duer, LL.D., pub. Paine and Duer s "Practice in Civil Actions and Proceedings in the State of N. Y.," 2 vols. From 1850 to his death, he was a judge of the Superior Court of N.Y. His decision in the Lemmon slave case was particularly able. Paine, HALBERT E., brev. maj.-gen. vols. ; M.C. 1865-71; b.Chardon, O., 4 Feb. 1826. W. Res. Coll. 1845. Adm. to the bar in 1848 at Cleveland ; removed to Milwaukie in 1857 ; col. 4th Wis. Regt. 1861-3 ; brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1863 ; took part in defence of Washington, D.C., during Early s raid, and lost a leg while in com. 3d div. 19th corps in the last assault on Port Hudson, June, 1863. Paine, MARTYN,M.D. (H.U. 1816), LL.D., physician, son of Elijah, b. Williamstown, Vt., JulyS, 1794. H.U. 1813. He studied medi cine with Dr. John Warren of Boston, and practised in Montreal, Canada, in 1816-22 ; then removed to N.Y., and acquired a large practice. In 1832, during the prevalence of cholera, he wrote a series of letters upon the disease to Dr. J. C. Warren, subsequently pub. as " The Cholera Asphyxia of N.Y." He has pub. " Medical and Physiological Commen taries," 3 vols. 1840-4 ; " Materia Medica and Therapeutics," 1 842 ; " The Institutes of Medicine," 1847 ; " The Soul and Instinct dis tinguished from Materialism," 1848, Subse quently incorporated in the " Institutes of Medicine ; " and in 1852 a Memoir of his son, Robert Troup. In 1856 Dr. Paine contrib. an elaborate essay on " Theoretical Geology " to the Prot.-Epis. Quarterly Review, controverting the geological interpretations of the Mosaic narrations of creation and the flood. In 1841 Dr. Paine and others established the University Med. Coll., in which he for many years held the chair of the institutes of medicine and materia medica, and subsequently that of therapeutics and materia medica. In 1 854 he was prominent in effecting a repeal of the law prohibiting dis sections of the human body. Member of many of the principal learned societies in Europe and America; d. N. Y. City, Nov. 8, 1877. Paine, ROBERT, D.D., bishop of the M.E. Church South, b. N.C. 1799. Emigrated to Tenn. in 1813. Nashville U. 1826. He en tered the Tenn. conf. in 1819; pres. of La- grange Coll., Ala., 1830-46, and then chosen bishop. Eminent both as a pulpit orator, and as presiding officer in the annual conference. JResides in Mpi. Author of a work on Hop- kinsianism, and " Life and Times of Bishop McKendree," 2 vols. 8vo. Paine, ROBERT TREAT, LL.D. (H.U. 1805), signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Boston, March 11, 1731 ; d. there May 11, 1814. H.U. 1749. His father Thomas had been pastor of a church in Weymouth, but was afterward a merchant of Boston. His mother was the dau. of Samuel Treat, and grand-dau. of Samuel Willard. After graduating, he kept school to help support his parents, for whose mainte nance he also made a voyage to Europe. He then studied theology, and in 1755 acted as chaplain to the Northern provincial troops, but afterward studied the law. On his admission to .the bar in 1759, he established himself at Taunton, where he resided many years. In 1770 he conducted with great ability and in genuity, in the absence of the atty.-gen., the prosecution of Capt. Preston and his men for the Boston Massacre. In 1773 he was a representa tive ; was a delegate to the Prov. Congress in 1774-5; a member of the Cont. Congress in 1774-8, rendering important services upon vari ous committees. In 1776 he, with 2 others, was deputed by Congress to visit the army of Schuyler in the North ; speaker of the Ms. h. of reps, in 1777; atty.-gcn. of Ms. on the or ganization of the State, and also a member of the exec, council ; in 1779 he was a member of the State Const. Conv., and one of the com. which prepared the draught of it; and was app. judge of the Supreme Court in 1776, but declined. He removed to Boston ab. 1780, and was judge of the Ms. Supreme Court in 1790- 1804. Paine s legal attainments were great : he ranked high as a lawyer ; was an able and im partial judge ; an excellent scholar ; and waa 683 noted for the brilliancy of his wit. A founder of the Amer. Acad. of Ms. in 1780. Paine, ROBERT TREAT, poet, b. Taunton, Ms., Dec. 9, 1773; d. Boston, Nov. 13, 1811. H.U. 1792. Son of the preceding, and was originally named Thomas, but, desirous of pos sessing a " Christian" name, had it changed by the legisl. in 1801. Abandoning mercantile pursuits after a brief trial, he established in Oct. 1794 a political and literary paper, the Federal Orrery, in which appeared " The Jacobiniad," and also "The Lyars;" their personalities pro curing him many enemies, and occasioning as saults on his person. He had written verses for the Ms. Mag., and subsequently wrote theat rical criticisms. In Feb. 1795 he m. Miss Ba ker, an actress. Paine had a prolific imagina tion, was bold in his views, quick at retort, witty, and exceedingly sarcastic. His " Inven tion of Letters," 1795, was greatly admired; and Washington expressed in a letter to him his ap- preciatiou of its merits. He received for this poem $1,500; and for " The Ruling Passion," intended as a gallery of portraits, $1,200. In 1798 Paine wrote the celebrated national song, * Adams and Liberty," a patriotic effusion which brought him more than 1 1 dollars a line. In 1799 he delivered an oration on the first an niversary of the dissolution of the alliance with France ; and, turning his attention to the study of law under Judge Parsons, was adm. to the Suffolk bar in 1802 ; retired from the profession in 1809; and soon after became an inmate of his father s mansion in Boston, where he wrote " The Steeds of Apollo," his last famous effu sion. Jan. 2, 1800, he delivered at Newbury- port a eulogy on Washington. His writings, with a Biography by Charles Prentiss, were pub. 8vo, 1812. Paine, THOMAS, political and deistical writer, b. Thetford, Norfolk, Eng., 29 Jan. 1737 ; d. New York, 8 June, 1809. His father was a Quaker, and brought up his son to his own trade, that of stay-maker. At the gram mar-school of Thetford he obtained some knowl edge of mathematics. He worked at his trade, preached occasionally as a dissenting minister, married, and settled in Sandwich in 1759. In 1764 he became an exciseman; was afterward a teacher, then a tobacconist ; failed in business in 1774, and went to London. By the advice of Dr. Franklin he came to America, arriving in Phila. in Dec. 1 774. In 1 775 he edited the Pa. Mag.; Oct. 18 he pub. in Bradford s Pa. Jour nal "Serious Thoughts upon Slavery," &c., expressing the hope that the legisl. would put a stop to the importation of negroes, ameliorate the condition of the slaves, and ultimately pro vide for their freedom. In his celebrated pam phlet called " Common Sense," which appeared in Jan. 1776, he advocated independence, con tributing in an extraordinary degree to the dis semination of republican ideas. It procured him a reward of 500 from the legisl. of Pa., the honorary degree of M.A. from its univer sity, and membership in the Philos. Society. Joining the army in the autumn of 1776, he was a short time aide to Gen. Greene. Dec. 19, 1776, a most gloomy period of the war, Paine pub. his first " Crisis," opening with the since familiar phrase, " These are the times that try men s souls." It revived the drooping ar dor of the people, was read at the head of every regt., and bore fruit in the battles of Trenton and Princeton a few days later. This publica tion was continued till April, 1783. He was sec. to the com. on foreign affairs in Congress from Apr. 1777 to Jan. 1779, losing his place for having in the Phila. Packet denied the va lidity of Silas Deane s claims upon the govt. In Jan. 1780, when financial ruin impended, he gave $500, the amount of his salary as clerk of the Assembly of Pa., to start a relief-fund. In Feb. 1781 he went with Col. Laurens to France to negotiate a loan, and returned Aug. 25 with $2,500,000 in silver. In 1782 he pub. a " Letter to the Abbe Raynal," correcting the mistakes in his account of the Amer. Revol., and soon afterwards a "Letter to the Earl of Shelburne," who had prophesied, that, "when Britain shall acknowledge Amer. independence, the sun of Britain s glory is set forever." For his Revol. services, Congress in 1785 gave him $3,000; and the State of N.Y. granted him 500 acres of land in New Rochelle. In Apr. 1 787 he went to England, and invented an iron bridge, the prototype of so many similar struc tures, one of which was built at Rotherham, Yorkshire. Visiting Paris, he pub., under the name of Duchatelet, a tract recommending the abolition of royalty. In Mar. 1791 he wrote, in answer to Burke s " Reflections on the French Revol.," his celebrated "Rights of Man," which attained great popularity. For this work he was outlawed in Eng., but in Sept. 1792 was elected a member of the French National Con vention. Acting with the Girondists, and op posing the execution of the king, he incurred the hatred of the Jacobins, and ab. the end of 1793 was expelled from the Convention as a foreigner ; was cast into prison, and narrowly escaped death in the Reign of Terror. In Nov. 1 794 he was released through the influence of Mr. Monroe, in whose house he resided 18 months, and resumed his seat in the Conven tion Dec. 8. In 1795 appeared his "Age of Reason," which, though denounced as atheisti cal, expressly inculcates a belief in God. He came to the U.S. in Oct. 1802, finally settling in New York, and occasionally passing a few months on his estate at New Rochelle. At Monticello, whither he was invited by Jefferson, he left a favorable impression, and was cordial ly received at Washington. He was intemper ate in the latter part of his life, which was passed in comparative obscurity. In 1 8 1 9 Wm . Cobbett took his remains to Eng. A monu ment was erected to his memory in 1839, near his original burial-place. The writings of Paine have the merit of sincerity and boldness, and have been the object of vituperation rather than of controversy. His services to mankind as a political writer, and especially his power ful exertions to promote the independence of America, constitute a high claim upon the grat itude of his adopted country. Among his other writings are " The Decline and Fall of the English System of Finance," " Letter to Gep. Washington " (accusing him of ingratitude in not attempting to procure his liberation from the Luxembourg Prison), " Agrarian Justice," &c. The most complete edition of his works 684 (Boston, 1856) contains several pieces not by him. See Lives by Cheetham, 1809; Carlile, 1814; G. Chalmers, 1791 ; G. Vale, 1841 ; W. *T. Sherwin, 1819; and Wm. Cobbett; Atlantic Monthly, July and Dec. 1859; New Am. Cyclop. Paine, THOMAS, capt. U.S.N., b. R. I. ; d. Washington, D.C., 9 Nov. 1859. Sailing-mas ter U.S. N. 10 Oct. 1812; lieut. 1 Dec. 1815; com. 3 Mar. 1825; capt. 8 Sept. 1841. Paine, WILLIAM, M.D. (Marischal Coll. 1775), physician, b. Worcester, Ms., 5 June, 1750; d. there 19 Apr. 1833. H.U. 1768. Son of Hon. Timo. Paine, loyalist. Proscribed as a loyalist in 1778, he became surgeon to the British forces in R. I. and N.Y., and surgeon- gen, in 1782. After the Revol. he settled in N. Brunswick ; was a member and clerk of the Assembly for the County of Charlotte, and dep. surveyor of the Bang s Forests in Amer. He removed to Salem, Ms., in 1787, and in 1793 to Worcester. Painter, GAMALIEL, judge, b. New Haven, Ct., May 22, 1743 ; d. Middlebury, Vt., May 21, 1819. He received a common-school edu cation ; erected the first house in Middlebury, Vt., in 1773 ; served as a capt. and qmr. in the Revol. army ; delegate to the convention that in 1777 declared the independence of Vt.; was a representative, judge of the County Court, and councillor, 1813-14; a member of the first Const. Conv. of Vt. in 1793 ; and was a prin cipal founder of Middlebury Coll., to which at his death he left a bequest of about $10,000. Pakenham (pak -n-am), SIR EDWARD MICHAEL, G.C.B., a British gen., b. N. of Ireland ; was killed at the battle of New Or leans, Jan. 8, 1815, a. 36. Eldest bro. of Lord Longford. App. maj. 33d Lt. Drags. Sept. 1794 ; lieut.-col. 64th Foot, Oct. 1799 ; col. Oct. 1809; maj.-gen. Jan. 1, 1812; col. 6th W. I. Regt. May 21, 1813. He served as quarterm.- gen. in the campaigns in Spain and France to the army under Wellington, and was disting. in all the principal engagements of that great commander. He was specially noted at Sala manca and Badajos, and had been badly wounded at the assault of Morne Fortunee, St. Lucie, and at the capture of Martinique. He com. the expedition against N. Orleans in 1814, and fell gallantly leading his men to the attack of Jackson s lines. Palfray, WARWICK, 33 years editor of the Essex Register, and State senator of Ms., b. Salem, 1787; d. there Aug. 23, 1838. Author of "Evangelical Psalmist," 1802. Descended from Peter, the first settler at Salem. Began his apprenticeship in the Register office in 1801. Member of the city council of Salem, and of the Ms. legisl. for several years. His son, of the same name, has since successfully carried on the paper. Palfrey, JOHN GORHAM, D. D. (H. U. 1834), LL.D. (And. Sem. 1838), author, b. Boston, 2 May, 1796. H.U. 1815. Grandson of Col. Wm., paym.-gen. Revol. army, aide to Washington, Mar.-Apr. 1776, b. Boston, 24 Feb. 1741; lost at sea, Dec. 1780, while on his way to France as consul-gen. John was min ister of Brattle-street (Unitarian) Church 17 June, 1818-1830; Dexter prof, of sacred lit. in H.U. 1831-9; editor N. Amer. Review 1835- 43; member Ms. legisl. 1842-3; sec. of of Ms. 1844-8; M.C. 1847-9; postmaster of Boston 1861-6. He delivered courses of lec tures before the Lowell Institute in 1839 and 1842; was an early advocate of antislavery, having liberated and provided for a number of slaves who had been bequeathed to him bv a deceased relative ; contrib. to the Boston Whig in 1846 a series of articles on " The Progress of the Slave-Power," afterwards collected in a vol. ; was one of the editors of the Common wealth newspaper in 1851 ; and has pub. two discourses on " The History of Brattle-street Church ; " " Life of Col. Wm. Palfrey," in Sparks s Amer. Biog. ; " Lectures on the Jewish Scriptures and Antiquities ; " " Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity ; " Review of Lord Mahon s "Hist, of England," 1852; " Relation between Judaism and Christianity," 1854; " History of N. England to 1688," 3 vols. 1858- 64 ; " Centennial Discourse at Barnstable," 1839; besides orations and addresses. SARAH H. PALFREY, his dau., pub. in 1855"Premices," a vol. of poems; "Agnes Wentworth," 1869. Palmer, BENJAMIN MORGAN, D.D. (S.C. Coll. 1815), b. Phila. 25 Sept. 1781 ; d. Charles ton, S. C.,*9 Oct. 1847. N. J. Coll. 1800. Grandson of Rev. Samuel of Falmouth, Ms. Pastor of the Presb. church, Beaufort, S.C. ; and from 1817 to July, 1835, of the Circular and Archdale-street Church, Charleston, S.C. He p.ub. " The Family Companion," &c., 1835, and some sermons. Spray ue. Palmer, ELIHU, deistic writer, b. Canter bury, Ct., 1764; d. Phila. Apr. 7, 1806. Dartm. Coll. 1787. He studied divinity, but became a deist in 1791. He resided some time in Augusta, Ga., where he collected materials for Dr. Morse s Geography ; afterward lived in New York and Phila., all the while advocating his principles publicly. Attacked by yellow- fellow in 1793, he became totally blind. He was the head of the Columbian Illuminati, es tablished in New York in 1801. He pub. a 4th- of-July Oration, 1797 ; "Principles of Nature," 1802 ; " Prospect or View of the Moral World," 2 vols. 8vo, 1804. Palmer, ERASTUS Dow, sculptor, b. Porn- pey, Onondaga Co., N.Y., April 2, 1817. He was a carpenter in Utica until 29 years of age, when he commenced cameo-cutting, and re moved to Albany, where he still resides. Dis satisfied with this pursuit, which injured his eyesight, he, at the age of 35, became a sculptor. His first work in marble was an ideal bust of the infant " Ceres," exhibited at the N.Y. Academy of Design : it was followed by two bas-reliefs, representing the morning and evening star ; by a statue of life-size, rep resenting an Indian girl holding a crucifix ; also statues of " The Sleeping Peri," " The Little Peasant," and " The White Captive," a nude figure of a girl bound to a tree. All these are original works, and are disting. by careful workmanship. His largest work is a design of " The Landing of the Pilgrims," embodying 15 statues, and intended for the Capitol at Washington. Among his bas-reliefs are "Faith," "Immutability," "The Spirit s Flight," " Sappho," and "Remorse; " and of his ideal busts the principal are " Resignation/ " " Spring," and " The Infant Flora." He has also made portrait-busts of Erastus Corn ing, Cora. M. C. Perry, and Gov. E. D. Mor gan. He has produced upwards of 100 works in marble, and has never studied or practised his art abroad. Palmer, INNIS N.,brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. New York ab. 1825. West Point, 1846. Entering the mounted rifles, he was brev. 1st lieut. and capt. for gallantry at Contreras, Churubusco, and at Chapultepec, where he was wounded; became 1st lieut. 1853; capt. (2d Cav.) Mar. 3, 1855; major (5th Cav.) 3 Aug. 1861 ; lieut.-col. (2dCav.) Sept. 23, 1863; col. June 9, 1868; brig.-gen. vols. Sept. 23, 1861; engaged at Bull Run; com. brigade in 4th corps in Peninsular campaign ; com. a divis. 4th corps N.C. Jan.-July, 1863; com. defences of Newbern, Aug. 1863 to Apr. 1864; com. dist. of N. C. Apr. 1864 to Mar. 1865, partici pating in Sherman s movements, and in the action of Kinston ; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. Palmer, JAMES S., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. N.J. 1810; d. St. Thomas, W. I., of yellow- fever, Dec. 7, 1867. Midshipm. in 1825 ; lieut. Dec. 17, 1836 ; com. Sept. 14, 1855 ; capt. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. 1866. In 1838 he served as lieut. on board "The Columbia" in the attack on Quallah Battoo and Mushie, in the Island of Sumatra; in the Mexican war he coin, the schooner " Flirt," engaged in block ading the Mexican coast. When the civil war began, he com. the steamer " Iroquois " of the Medit. squad., but was soon after attached to the Atlantic block, fleet under Adm. Dupont. In the summer of 1862 he led the advance in the passage of the Vicksburg batteries ; was engaged in the fight with the Confed. ram " Arkansas ; " and again led the advance in the passage of the Vicksburg batteries later in the same year. At the battles of New Orleans and Mobile he was Adm. Farragut s flag-capt., and won from him disting. commendation. As signed in Dec. 1865 to the com. of the North Atlantic squadron. Palmer, GEN. JOHN McCAULEY, b. Eagle Creek, Scott Co., Ky., Sept. 13, 1817. He re moved to 111. in 1832; settled in Carlinville in 1839; was adm. to the bar in 1840; was a delegate to the State Const. Conv. in 1847; .member of the State senate in 1852-4; dele gate to the Nat. Repub. Conv. at Phila. 1856; delegate to the Peace Convention at Washing ton, Feb. 4, 1861 ; col. 14th 111. Vols. Apr. 1861; accomp. Gen. Fremont in his exped. to Spring field, Mo.; and Dec. 13 was made brig.-gen. of vols. He was with Gen. Pope at the capture of New Madrid and Island No. 10, and at the battle of Farmington, and com. the 1st brigade, 1st division, of the Army of the Mpi. In Nov. 1862 he was with Gen. Grant s army in tem porary com. of a division. He subsequently com. a division at the battle of Stone River, and was promoted to maj.-gen. for gallantry at that battle, Nov. 29, 1862. He took part in the battle of Chickamauga Sept. 19-20, 1863; and com. the 14th corps under Sherman in the At lanta campaign, May-Sept. 1864 ; gov. of 111. 1869-71. Palmer, JOHN WILLIAMSON, M. D., b. Bait. April 4, 1825. City physician of San Francisco 18(9. la 1852-3 served as surgeon in an E.I. Co. s war-steamer through the Bur mese campaigns. Since his return in June, 1853, he has contrib. to Harper s and Putnam s Mays., Atlantic Monthly, the Criterion, the N. Y. Tribune, the New World, and the Nat. Intelligencer. He pub. " The Golden Dagon," 1853; "The Queen s Heart," comedy in 3 acts, 1858; "The New and the Old," 1859; Appleton s New Cyclopedia a number of Ori ental articles. Palmer, JOSEPH, Revol. patriot, d. Rox- bury, Ms., Dec. 25, 1788, a. 70. Member of the Prov. Congress in 1774 and 75 ; one of the com. of safety app. by that body. As col. of militia, he was often in the field in the vicinity of Boston for the defence of the coast ; and in 1777, with the rank of brig.-gen., com. the Ms. militiain the unsuccessful attempt to defend R.I. Palmer, JOSEPH, M.D. (H.U. 1826), b. Needham, Ms., 3 Oct. 1796 ; d. Boston, 3 Mar. 1871. H.U. 1820. Son of Rev. Stephen, min. of Needham from 1792 to his d. in 1821, a. 55. For some years Joseph taught at Roxbury, and at the Latin School, Boston ; resided in Cuba in 1829-30; and was afterward engaged in editorial labors in Boston. Historiographer of the N.E. Hist, and Gene al. Soc. 1856-1861. He pub. annually the Necrology of H.U., which was pub. in the Bost. Daily Advertiser 1851-68, and in the Christ. Reg. 1869. In 1864 a vol. of these nee. (1851-63) was reprinted at Boston. Palmer, REV. RAY, D. D. (Un. Coll. 1852), Cong, minister and poet, b. R.L 1808. Y.C.^1830. Settled over the church in Bath, Me., in 1835-50; and was pastor of the First Church, Albany, from 1850 to 1865, when he became sec. of the Congregational Union, New York. In 1865 he pub. "Hymns and Sacred Pieces;" "Memoirs of Charles Pond," 1829; "Hints on the Formation of Religious Opin ions," 1860; "Memoirs of Mrs. C. L. Wat son," 1839; "Doctrinal Text-Book," 1839; " Spiritual Improvement," 1839; "Reminis cences for 15 Years," 1865; "The Spirit s Life," a poem, 1837. Palmer, WILLIAM ADAMS, gov. of Vt. 1831-5;b. Hebron, Ct., 1781 ; d. Danville, Vt., Dec. 1860. Six years member Vt. legislature ; 8 years clerk of the courts; 2 years a State senator; judge of Probate and" of the Co. Court; judge of the Supreme Court 1816; U.S. senator 1818-25; and member of the Const. Convs. of 1828 and 1835. Palmer, WILLIAM PITT, poet, b. Stock- bridge, Ms., 22 Feb. 1805. Long a resident of N. Y. City, and successively a medical student, a teacher, a writer for public journals, and a clerk in a public office. He wrote a hymn or ode entitled " Light," and other short poems. Pancoast, JOSEPH, M.D., surgeon, b Burlington Co., N. J., 1805. U. of Pa. 1828. He began to teach anatomy and surgery in 1831 ; elected physician of the Phila. Hospital in 1834, and physician in chief to the Children s Hospital; visiting surgeon in the hosp. 1838- 45; app. in 1838 prof, of surgery, and in 1861 686 prof, of anatomy, in Jeff. Med. Coll. Author of" Treatise on Operative Surgery," 4to, 1852; " Essays and Lectures." Editor of " Wistar s Anatomy," and other medical works ; and contrib. to med. journals. Papineau, Louis JOSEPH, a Canadian political leader, b. Montreal, Oct. 1789; d. Montebello,23 Sept. 1871. His father, a notary- public, and a member of the first legisl. Assem bly of Lower Can. after the establishment of the constitution of 1791, educated him at the Sem. of Quebec. Adm. to the bar; entered parliament in 1809; succeeded his father in 1814 as a dep. from Montreal; and in 1815 was speaker of the house. Already a leader of the radical party, Lord Dalhousie, to neu tralize his popularity, app. him to the exec, council ; but he never appeared at its sittings, and continued in opposition. In 1823, when the English party aimed at the union of the two Canadas, he was sent on a mission to London to remonstrate against that measure. In 1827 he was re-elected to the house, and re- chosen speaker. Rather than sanction this choice, Lord Dalhousie adjourned the parlia ment. A list of the demands and grievances of L. Canada were introduced by him to the house in 1834, and known as the 92 resolutions. He supported them energetically, urged a con stitutional resistance to the imperial govt., and recommended commercial non-intercourse with Eng. The new governor, Gosford, having decided in 1837 upon administering the prov ince without the assistance of the colonial parliament, its sudden prorogation brought on the crisis; and the liberal party took up arms. This, however, Papineau did ndt approve ; and in a great popular meeting, Oct. 23, 1837, he insisted that constitutional and peaceful resistance would alone be of avail to Canada. His advice was not heeded, and, after the events of Nov. and Dec. 1837, he took refuge in the U.S., and in 1839 went to France, engaging for some years in literary pursuits. After the union of the Canadas in 1840, a general amnesty for political offences was granted ; and Papineau, against whom a warrant for high treason had been issued, returned in 1847 to his native country. His popularity secured his return to the Canadian parliament ; but he had since 1854 taken no prominent part in political affairs. Paredes, MARIANO, Mexican gen., d. city of Mexico, Sept. 11, 1849. He was a partici pant in all the importan tevents in Mexico from the days of Iturbide; and in 1840, when the overthrow of Bustamente took place, he took part in the movement. When, upon the annexation of Texas to the U.S., Pres. Herrera endeavored to bring the Mexicans to acquiesce in this result, Paredes opposed the movement, and, with 25,000 men, defeated Santa Ana, who was banished. Paredes, with the aid of Arista, deposed Herrera; and June 12, 1845, was installed pres. On the following day he took com. of the army, leaving the administra tion in the hands of the vice-president, Bravo. He was at the head of affairs on the breaking- out of the war with the U.S. in May, 1846 : but, on the return of Santa Ana in Aug. 1846, Bravo ass imed the title of provis.-pres. ; and Paredes was seized and confined, but afterwards escaped to Havana. He was in Europe for some time, seeking to place at the head of the Mexicans a Spanish or French prince, but subsequently returned to Mexico. Pareja, FRANCISCO, a Franciscan friar, b. Aunon, N. Castile; d. Mexico, July 25, 1628. He came with others of his order to Havana in 1593, and in 1594 settled at St. Augustine for the conversion of the natives of Fla. Dur ing the remainder of his life he was a teacher of the Timuquas, in whose language he pub. in 1612 and in 1627 "Catechisms," and a " Confessionario " 1613. He is said to have printed in Mexico in 1613 a grammar and vocabulary. Duyckinck. Parent, ETIENNB, b. Beauport, near Que bec, 1801 . Author of " Travail cliez VHomme," 1847; " Dtt Pretre et du Spirituals me," &c., 1848; " De I Intelligence sous ses Rapports avec Societe," 1852. Parish, ELIJAH, D.D. (D.C. 1807), clergy man and author, b. Lebanon, Ct., Nov. 7, 1762; d. Byfield, Ms., Oct. 15, 1825. Dartm. Coll. 1785. Dec. 20, 1787, he settled as pastor of the Cong, church at Byfield. Theologically he belonged to the Hopkinsians. In 1810 he preached the election sermon, in which he so bitterly inveighed against the policy of the govt., that the legisl. refused to ask it for publication. Besides a number of sermons and orations on various occasions, he pub. a " Gazetteer of the Eastern and Western Continents," with Dr. Morse, 1802; "A History of N. England," 1809 ; " System of Modern Geography," 1810 ; "Memoir of Dr. Eleazer Whcelock," 1811; and " Sacred Geography, or Gazetteer of the Bible," 1813. A vol. of his sermons, with a Memoir of his life, appeared in 1826. Parke, BENJAMIN, jurist, b. N. J. 1777 ; d. Salem, Ind., July 12, 1835. A Western pioneer, he settled in Ind. ab. 1800; was a delegate to Congress from that Terr, in 1805-8 ; was soon after app. by Mr. Jefferson a judge of the Dist Court, and held the office until his death. Pres of the Ind. Hist. Society. Parke, BENJAMIN, LL.D., lawyer, and mac of letters, b. Newport, R.I., Oct. 1, 1801. Richard his ancestor settled at Cambridge, Ms., in 1635 Geoffry Champlin, his maternal ancestor, set tled in Newport in 1638. His early years were passed on a farm and in school-teaching. Adm. in 1828 to practise law, he settled in Harris- burg, Pa., where he continued to practise, also editing a political journal, and contributing to magazines, journals, and reviews, until 1860, when he retired to the paternal farm of Park- vale, Susq. Co., Pa. He has pub. a Digest, of the Statutes of Pa. in 1838, also some 20 pub lic addresses, political, agricultural, and ma sonic. Park, EDWARDS AMAS A, D.D. (H.U. 1844), b. Providence, R.I., Dec. 29, 1808. Son of Dr. Calvin (tutor and prof, in B. U. 1804-25 ; pastor at Stoughton, Ms., 1826-40; b. North- bridge, Ms., 11 Sept. 1774; d. Stoughton, 5 Jan. 1847; B.U. 1797). B.U. 1826; And. Theol. Sem. 1831. Ord. Dec. 21, 1831, pastor of the Cong, church, Braintree, Ms. ; prof, of moral and intcll. philos. in Amh. Coll. May, 1835-Sept. 1836 ; Bartlett prof, of sacred rhet 687 oric in And. Sem. 1836-47; and since 1847 Abbot prof, of Christian theology there. He has contrib. largely to periodical literature, and has been one of the editors of the Bibliotheca Sacra from the beginning. He translated with Prof. B. B. Edwards a vol. of " German Selections," 1839; edited the "Writings of Rev. N. B. Homer," 1842 ; " The Preacher and Pastor," 1845; the "Writings of B. B. Ed wards, Avith a Memoir/ 2 vols. 1853 ; and, with Drs. Phelps and Lowell Mason, the "Sabbath Hymn-Book." In 1859 he assisted in editing a vol. of discourses and treatises on the Atone ment. In 1861, with Dr. Phelps and Rev. D. L. Furber, he pub. a volume on hymnology, en titled " Hymns and Choirs." He has also pub. Memoirs of Dr. Sam. Hopkins, 1852, and Dr. Niithl. Emmons, 1861, and various discourses. He is one of the foremost preachers of N. E. Park, JOHN, journalist and educator, b. Windham, N.H., Jan. 7,1775; d. Worcester, Ms., March 2, 1852. Dartm. Coll. 1791. He spent some time in teaching ; then studied med icine ; was surgeon of the U. S. ship " War ren" in 1797-1801, when he relinquished prac tice; and in 1803 established the N. E. Rep ertory, a semi-weekly journal, supporting the Federal party. In 1811 he withdrew from jour nalism, and established in Boston a female school of the highest grade, which he conducted successfully for 20 years. In 1814 he published " The Boston Spectator." His son, John C. Park, is a lawyer of Boston. Parke, JOHN, poet, b. Del. ab. 1750; was in the Coll. of Phila. 1768. At the commence ment of the war entered the American army as assist, quarterm.-gen., and was attached, as is supposed, to Washington s division ; for some of his pieces are dated at camp near Boston, and others at Whitemarsh and Valley Forge. After the peace he was some time in Phila., and is last heard of in Arundel Co., Va. In 1786 appeared in Phila. " The Lyric Works of Horace, translated into English Verse, to which are added a number of Original Poems by a Native of America." Duyckinck. Parke, JOHN G., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. 1827. West Point, 1849. Entering the topog. engrs., he became 1st lieut. 1 July, 1856 ; astronomer and surveyor of the N. W. bounda ry commiss. Feb. 14, 1857 ; capt. Sept. 9, 1861 ; brig. -gen. vols. Nov. 23, 1861; maj.-gen. July 18,1862; maj. engineer corps 17 June, 1864. He com. a brigade in Gen. Burnside s exped. to N.C. ; fought at Roanoke Island, Newbern, and at the capture of Fort Macon; accornp. Gen. Burnside when he joined the Army of the Potomac ; served in his corps through the cam paign under Gen. Pope, and that under Mc- Clellan in Md. and Va. ; and, when Burnside assumed chief com., became his chief of staff. Engaged at South Mountain, Antietam, and Fredcricksburg ; at the siege and capture of Vicksburg ; com. left wing of Sherman s army at Jackson, for which brev. col. 12 July, 1863 ; engaged in defence of Knoxville, and in opera tions against Gen. Longstreet; in Richmond campaign com. 9th corps, taking part in the siege of Petersburg, and various actions until Lee s surrender ; brev. lieut.-col. for capture of Ft. Macon 26 Apr. 1862; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for defence of Knoxville ; brev. maj.- gcn. 13 Mar. 1865 for repulse of Ft. Steadman. With A. H. Campbell pub. vol. 7 of Reports of Explorations and Surveys for the Pacific R.R. 4to, 1857. CW/uw. Parke, REV. JOSEPH, b. Newton, Ms., Mar. 12,1705; d. Westerly, R.I., Mar. 1,1777. H.U. 1724. Great-grandson of Richard of Camb. 1635. Ord. 1732. Sent in 1733 as a mission ary to Westerly, R.I., where he labored 9 years, both among the English and Indians, with good success; and in 1752-6 had charge of a church at Southold, R.I. Rev. Mr. Parke or ganized a Sunday school in connection with his church at Westerly in 1752, nearly 30 years before the experiment of Robert Raikes in Eng. Having cared for a woman sick of small pox who had been driven away by the town-au thorities, he was fined for contempt ; whereupon he preached a sermon in vindication of his course, which, with a narrative of the transaction, was pub. His son Capt. Benj. joined the patriot army, and was never heard of after the battle of Bun ker s Hill. MS. of Benj. Parke of Parkvale. Park, ROSWELL, D.D. (Norwich U., Vt., 1860), teacher and author, b. Lebanon, Ct., Oct. 1, 1807 ; d. Chicago, 111., July 16, 1869. West Point, 1831. Resigned Sept. 30, 1836. Prof. nat. phil. and chemistry in U. of Pa. 1836-42 ; ord.Pr. Ep. clergyman 1843 ; principal of Christ-Church Hall (high school), Ct., 1846- 52; pres. of Racine Coll., Wis., 1852-9; chan cellor of the coll. in 1859-63. In 1863 he founded at Chicago a literary and scientific school, " Immanuel Hall," of which he was rector and proprietor until his death. Author of " Selections of Juvenile and Mi.sc. Poems," Phila. 1836; "Pantology, or Systematic Sur vey of Human Knowledge ; " " Sketch of the History of West Point," 1840; "Handbook for American Travellers in Europe," 1853; "Jeru salem and other Poems," 1857 ; and some occa sional addresses, lectures, &c. Parker, AMASA J., LL.D. (Gen. Coll. 1846), jurist, b. Sharon, Ct., June 2, 1807. Un. Coll. 1825. Son of Rev. Daniel, minister of Ellsworth, who in 1816 removed with his fami ly to Greenville, N.Y., to take charge of its acad emy. Amasa became principal of the Hudson Acad. in 1823; was adm. to the bar in 1828, and to partnership with his uncle, Col. Amasa, at Delhi, N.Y. ; member of the legisl. in 1833 ; elected a regent of the State U. in 1835 ; M.C. in 1837-9 ; app. a circuit judge, and vice-chan cellor of the Court of Equity, Mar. 6, 1844; at the first election under the new State Const, was chosen a judge of this Supreme Court ; U.S. dist.-atty. for N.Y. 1859. Author of 6 vols. of " Reports of Criminal Cases," 8vo, 1855-69; with Wolford and Wade, " The Re vised Statutes of N.Y.," &c.,3 vols. 8vo, 1859. Parker, DANIEL, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Shirley, Ms., Jan. 29, 1782; d. Washington, D.C., Apr. 5, 1846. Dartm. Coll. 1801. Bro. of Leonard M. Judge-advocate 1814 ; he read law, and began practice at Charlestown, Ms. ; previous to 1812 was chief clerk in the war dept. at Washington. Was app. adj. and insp.-gen. Nov. 22, 1814 ; paym.-gen. June 1, 1821 ; again app. chief clerk war dept. Nov. 1841. He pub. Army Register 1816. 688 Parker, EDGAR, artist, b. Framingham, Ms., June 7, 1840. Norwich Milit. U. 1859. M.I), of H.U. 1863. Family came from Eng. in 1640, and were among the original settlers of Salem. Entered the army as assist, surgeon 13th Ms. Inf. Was taken prisoner twice, and severely wounded at the battle of Gettysburg. Relinquished the practice of medicine in 1867, and adopted portrait-painting as a profession, in which he is successfully engaged in Boston. Visited Europe in 1868, and also in 1870, for purposes of study. Parker, EDWARD GRIFFIN, b. Boston, Nov. 16, 1825 ; d. N.Y. City, Mar. 30, 1868. Y.C. 1847. Lawyer of Boston; and in Ms. senate 1859. Vol. aide on Gen. Butler s staff in May, 1861 ; and in 1862 assist, adj.-gen. on the staff of Gen. Martindale. After the war, he had charge of the Amer. Literary Bureau of Reference. Author of " Golden Age of Amer. Oratory," 1857 ; " Reminiscences of Rufus Choate," 8vo, 1 860. Contrib. to various mags., and in 1857 edited the polit. articles in the Boston Traveller. Parker, EDWARD LUTWYCHE, b. Litch- field, N.H., July 28, 1785; d. Londonderry, July 14, 1850. Dartm. Coll. 1807. Grandson of Rev. Thomas of Dracut. Minister of the Cong. Ch., Londonderry, from Sept. 12, 1810, to his death. Author of " Ordination Ser mons," 1824; "A Century Sermon," 1819 ; " Hist, of Londonderry,"" 12mo, 1851. Sprague; D. C. Alumni. Parker, FOXHALL A., capt. U.S.N., son of Capt. F. A. Parker, U.S.N., b. N.Y. Aug. 5, 1821. Grad. Naval School, 1843. Lieut. Sept. 28, 1850 ; com. July 16, 1862 ; capt. July 25, 1866. He served in Florida against the In dians ; com. steam-gunboat " Mahaska," 1863 ; naval battery on Morris Island during bombard, of Fort Sumter, Aug. 1863 ; engaged with Con- fed, batteries on Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers, and off Wilmington, N.C., and with Con fed. troops on shore while com. " The Ma haska " in 1863, and Potomac flotilla in 1864-5. He is the author of " Squadron Tactics under Steam, "1864; "Naval Howitzer Ashore and Afloat," 1865-6 ; and has contrib. to the Knick erbocker j\Jag. Parker, HENRY WEBSTER, b. Danby, N. Y., 1822. Amli. Coll. 1843. Presb. divine, son of Rev. Samuel of Ithaca. Author of "Poems," 12mo, 1850 ; " The Story of a Soul," a poem, 1852; "Verse/ by H. W. P., Boston, 12mo, 1 862. Contrib. to various periodicals. Alli- l>one. Parker, SIR HYDE, a British adm., b. 1739; d. Mar. 16, 1807. He was second son of the unfortunate vice-ad m. of the name, and went to sea, when a mere child, under his father. In 1763 he became a post-capt. ; and in 1776 served in "The Phoenix" (44), on the Amer. station, where he disting. himself in the attack on New York; and in Dec. 1778, with a small squad., conveyed the force which captured Sa vannah. In 1779 he was knighted for these services. He was present in the action off the Dogger Bank; in Feb. 1793 was made rear- adm. of the White ; was present at the sur render of Toulon and the reduction of Corsica ; in ] % he took the com. at Jamaica; in 1799 was made adm. of the Red; and in 1807 h com. at the memorable attack of Copenhagen. Parker, ISAAC, LL.D. (H.U. 1814), jurist b. Boston, June 17, 1768; d. July 26, 1830. H.U. 1786. He was, for a time, teacher in the grammar-school, but studied law; established himself in practice at Castine, Me., and soon became popular; M.C. 1797-9; marshal for the dist. of Me. 1797-1801. After practising for a while in Portland, he, in 1806, accepted a seat on the Supreme bench ; and in 1814, on the decease of Sewall, succeeded him as chief justice. He was pres. of the Const. Conv. of Ms. of 1820, and, when relieved from the duties of the chair, took a spirited part in the debates. Prof, of law in H.U. in 1816-27. Author of Oration on Washington, 1800 ; " Sketch of the Character of Judge Parsons," 8vo, 1813. Parker, JAMES, legislator, b. Bethlehem, N. J., Mar. 3, 1776; d. Perth Amboy, N.J., Apr. 1, 1868. Col. Coll. 1793. James his father, one of the Prov. Council before the Revol., and a leading member of the board of proprietors of the Colony, removed with his family to Perth Amboy in 1783, and d. 1797. The son then assumed the care of his large landed estate; was a member of the N. J. As sembly in 1806-14, 1815-19, and 1827-8, and active in establishing the free-school system in the State, and in abolishing the exportation of slaves thence ; commiss. to fix the boundary- line between N.J. and N.Y. in 1827-9 ; collect or of the Port of Perth Amboy 1829-32 ; M.C. 1833-7; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1844; vice-pres. of the N.J. Hist. Soc. from its formation to the death of Judge Hornblower, and pres. from that time until his death. He gave to Rutgers Coll. the land at New Bruns wick on which its buildings are erected. Parker, JOEL, LL.D. ( Dartm. 1 837 ; H.U. 1848), jurist, b. Jaffrey, N.H., Jan. 25, 1795. Dartm. Coll. 1811. He began to practise law at Keene in Sept. 1815 ; member N.H. legisl. in 1824-6 ; app. assoc. justice of the Supreme Court of N.H. Jan. 8, 1833, and chief justice June 25, 1838; prof, of med. jurisprudence Dartm. Coll. 1847-57 ; chairman of the com miss. to revise the N.H. laws in Nov. 1840; and since Nov. 6, 1847, has been Roy all prof, of law at H.U. He has pub., exclusive of law- reports and periodical essays, a Charge to a Grand Jury, including Memoirs of Ch. Justice Wm. M. Richardson; an Oration before the Phi Beta Kappa of N.H. in 1856 ; " The Three Powers of Government," lectures in 1867-9, 8vo, paper; "Progress," an address at Han over, N.H., 1846; "Daniel Webster as a Ju rist," 1853; "Non-Extension of Slavery," 1856; "Personal-liberty Laws and Slavery in the Territories," 8vo, 1861; "The Right of Secession," 1861 ; "Habeas Corpus and Mar tial Law," 1861 ; " Constitutional Law," 1862 ; " International Law, Case of the Trent," 1862 ; " War-Powers of Congress and of the Presi dent," 1863; "Revolution and Reconstruc tion," 1866. "His Conflict of Decisions" is (1871 ) in press ; d. Cambridge, Ms., Aug. 17, 75. Parker, JOEL, D.D., b. Bethel, Vt., Aug. 27, 1799. Ham. Coll. 1824. Ord. Presb. minister 1826; settled at Rochester, N.Y., 1826-30; Dey-st. Church 1830-33; at N. Or- 689 leans 1833-8; Broadway Tabernacle, N. Y., 1838-40; Clinton-st. Ch., Phila., 1842-52; Blceker-st. Ch., N.Y., 1852-4; Fourth-avenue Presb. Ch. 1854. Pres., and prof, of sacred rhetoric, Un. Theol. Sera., N.Y., 1840-2. Au thor of "Lectures on Universalism," 1829; " Morals for a Young Student," 1832; "Invi tations to True Happiness," 1843 ; " Courtship and Marriage," "Reasonings of a Pastor," &c., " Notes on 13 Psalms," 1849; "Sermons," 1852; "Pastor s Initiatory Catechism," 1855. Edited sermons of John W. Adams, D.D., with Memoir, 1851; Burder s Rclig. Cerem. of all Nations. Assoc. editor of Presb. Quar. Review; d. N.Y. City, May 2, 1873. Allibone. Parker, NATHAN, D.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1823), Cong, minister, b. Reading, Ms., June 5, 1782; d. Portsmouth, Nov. 8, 1833. H.U. 1803. He spent one year in teaching at Wor cester, Ms. ; studied theology ; in 1805 was app. tutor in Bowd. Coll. ; was settled in Portsmouth, Sept. 14, 1808 ; and in 1833 Rev. Andrew P. Peabody was ord. his colleague; when the division of the Cong, body in N.E. into two parties was recognized, he "took part as a professed Unitarian. Henrv Ware, jun., pub. a vol. of his sermons with a Memoir, 1835. Parker, SIR PETER, a British adm., b. 1721 ;d. Dec. 21,1811. Son of Adm. Christopher Parker. He became a post-capt. in 1747 ; and in 1 775, in " The Bristol," of 50 guns, proceeded with a squadron under his com. to co-operate with Gen. Clinton in the attack of Charleston, S.C. Arriving at Cape Fear in May, on June 28, 1 776, he made an unsuccessful attack on Fort Moulfcrie, resulting in great loss and damage to his fleet, and to the abandonment of the enterprise. For his bravery in this affair he received the ^ honor of knighthood. He aided Lord Howe in the capture of New York, and com. the squadron which took possession of R. I. in the latter part of 1776. He held the chief com. on the Jamaica station in 1777-82 ; was made a bart. 26 Dec. 1782; subsequently became com. in chief at Portsmouth ; M.P. for Maldon ; admiral of the White; and on the death of Lord Howe, as the oldest admiral in the navy, he became admiral of the fleet. His grandson SIR PETER (b. 1786) disting. him self a capt. of " The Menelaus," frigate ; and in 1814 sailed up the Chesapeake to destroy an Amcr. camp at Bellair. He landed his men, and irallantly attacked the Americans, but was killed in the all air 30 Aug. 1814. Parker, COL. RICHARD, Revol. officer of \ a. ; d. at the siege of Charleston, S.C., 24 Apr. 1780; capt. 2d Va. Regt. 24 Jan. 1776 ; afterward col. 8th Va. Regt. Parker, RICHARD E., jurist, of Va., b. 1777 ; d. Nov. 1840; member of the h. of dele gates ; many years a judge of the Gen. and Circuit Courts of Va., also of the Supreme Court of Appeals ; and in 1836-7 U.S. senator. Parker, RICHARD GREEN, b. Boston, 1798. H.U. 1817. Son of Bishop Samuel. After teaching in various places, he was master of a grammar-school in Boston in 1827-53, and of a girl s school in 1853-8. Among his many school text-books are " Aids to Eng. Composi tion," 1846; "Natural Philosophy," 1837; and with J. M. Watson, " National Series of 44 Readers and Spellers ; " also author of Hist, of the Grammar-School in E. Parish, Rox- bury, 1826 ; " Tribute to the Life and Charac ter of Jonas Chickering," 12mo, 1854. Parker, SAMUEL, D.D., Prot.-Episcopal bishop of the eastern diocese (consec. 14 Sept. 1804), b. Portsmouth, N.H., Aug. 28, 1744; d. Dec. 6, 1804. H.U. 1764. Son of Wm. (1703- 81), judge of the Superior Court of N.H. 1771-6. He was 9 years a teacher; was in 1773 assist, rector of Trinity Church, Bos ton ; was ord. by the bishop of London in Feb. 1774; and 2 Nov. following he entered upon the discharge of his duties. During the Revol. many of the Epis. clergy withdrew to Nova Scotia ; but Mr. Parker retained his post. In 1779 he was elected rector of the parish, an office which he held until his death. His son REV. BENJ. CLARK CUTLER (H.U. 1822, b. Boston, June 6, 1796, d. N.Y. City, Jan. 28, 1859; ord. priest, May 17, 1826) preached in various places, and finally took charge of the " Floating Chapel for Seamen " in New York, where he labored 15 years with ability and fidelity. Parker, REV. SAMUEL, clergyman and author, b. Ashfield, N.H., Apr. 23, 1779; d. Ithaca, N.Y., Mar. 24, 1866. Dartm. Coll. 1806 ; And. Sem. 1810. He was a missionary in Western N.Y. until ord. minister of Danby in 1812; dism. 1827; settled at Apulia, N.Y., 1830-2; one year pastor at Middlefield, Ms. ; and afterward resided at Ithaca. He pub. "Exploring Tour beyond the Rocky Moun tains in 1835-7," made under the direction of the A.B.C.F.M. He claimed to be the first to suggest the possibility of a railroad through the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific. Alumni D. C. Parker, THEODORE, Unitarian clergyman and author, b. Lexington, Ms., Aug. 24, 1810; d. Florence, Italy, May 10, 1860. M.A. of H.U. 1840. His grandfather, Capt. John, com manded the company of minute-men at Lex ington who were fired upon by the British troops, Apr. 1 9, 1775. Theodore inherited from his parents an earnest and thoughtful mind. At 10 he began to study Latin; at 11 Greek ; and metaphysics the pursuit of his life at 12. His memory was so retentive, that he could repeat whole volumes of poetry. Before the age of 10 he knew all the shrubs and tr^es of Ms. He studied at Lexington Acad. in 1827 ; taught school in the winter of 1827-8 ; entered Harv. Coll. in 1830, but did not grad uate ; taught school in Boston and Watertown ; in 1834-7 studied divinity at Cambridge ; was settled over the Unitarian Society at West Roxburyin June, 1837. In May, 1841, in his sermon at the ordination of Rev. C. C. Shack- ford of South Boston, he first uttered those sentiments which led to the theol. controver sies that marked the active years of his life, prominent among which was the assumption of the humanity and natural inspiration of Christ. In the autumn of 1841 he delivered in Boston 5 lectures, which formed a vol. en titled " A Discourse of Matters pertaining to Religion," 1842. ^ In Sept. 1843 he visited Europe. Was invited to preach in Boston, Feb 16, 1845; and Feb. 16, 1846, became minister of the 28th Cong. Society in Boston, which, in 690 Nov. 1852, occupied for the first time the great Music Hall, which was crowded every Sunday. Strangers came from every part of the country, attracted by his fame. Jan. 1859, an attack of bleeding at the lungs terminated his public services. He sailed for Santa Cruz, Feb.^ 3 ; whence, in May, he sent a letter to his parish, entitled "Theodore Parker s Experience as a Minister." From that island he sailed to Europe, spent some time in Switzerland, and went to Rome, where he passed the winter of 1859. Setting out thence in April, 1860, he with difficulty reached Florence, where he died. He vigorously opposed the Mexican war, and was one of the earliest advocates oi temperance and antislavery, writing and speaking much, for the latter cause especially. After the pas sage of the fugitive-slave law in 1850, he be came widely known as its uncompromising opponent. His sympathy was so marked at the rendition of Anthony Burns, in Jan. 1854, as to cause his indictment in the U.S. Court. The indictment was quashed ; hut Mr. Parker had prepared an elaborate defence, which was printed. He bequeathed his valuable library of 13,000 volumes to the Public Library of Bos ton. He pub. in 1852 "Sermons on Theism, Atheism, and Popular Theology;" "Mis cellaneous Writings," 12mo, 1843; "Occa sional Sermons and Speeches," 2 vols. 12mo, 1852; "Additional Speeches and Addresses," 2 vols. 12mo, 1855; "Trial of Theodore Par ker for the Misdemeanor of a Speech in Faneuil Hall against Kidnapping," 1855. In addition to these he wrote for the Dial, Boston Quarterly Review, Christian Register, Christian Examiner ; edited the Ms. Quarterly from 1847 to 1850, and was also actively engaged as a lecturer. His " Life and Correspondence/ by John Weiss, was pub.N.Y., 2 vols. 8vo, 1864. A complete edition of his works, edited by Frances Power Cobbc, was pub. Lond. 12 vols. 1863-5. He was plain, outspoken, and uncompromising in the utterance of his convictions, but in the intercourse of private life exhibited an almost feminine gentleness and afTectionateness. He was remarkable for the extraordinary extent and precision of his knowledge. Parker, THOMAS, first minister of New- bury, Ms., from 1635 to his d. Apr. 24, 1677, b. June 8, 1595. He studied some time at Oxford, and in Ireland under Dr. Usher, receiving his degree of M.A. while at Ley den in 1617. He taught and preached in Newbury, Eng. ; came to N.E. in May, 1634; was co-pastor with Mr. Ward of Ipswich about a year; and then began the settlement of Newbury, Ms. A bitter con troversy on church govt., lasting for years, un happily divided his church. He was eminent for learning and piety. He pub. a Letter to a member of the Westminster Assembly on Church Govt., 1644 ; and " The Prophecies of Daniel Expounded," 4to, 1646; " Methodus Gratice Divince," 1657; and " Theses de Tra- ductione Peccatoris ad Vitam," with some works of Dr. Ames. Parker, GEN. THOMAS, b. Frederick Co., Va. ; d. there 24 Jan. 1820. A capt. in the Revol. army ; app. lieut.-col. com. 8th Inf. 8 Jan. 1799 ; col. 12th Inf. 12 Mar. 1812 ; brig.- gen. U.S.A. 1813-14. Parkinson, RICHARD, of Doncaster, Eng,, and subsequently of Orange Hill, near Balti more. Some time in the employ of Washington as agriculturist at Mount Vernon. Pub. " The Experienced Farmer," 2 vols. Lond. 1793; " A Tour in America 1798-1800," 2 vols. 8vo, 1805; " Management of a Farm in Ireland," 8vo, 1806; "Breeding and Management of Live Stock," 2 vols. 8vo, 1809; " Survey of Rutlandshire," 1809; "View of the Agrieult. of Huntingdonshire," 1811, 8vo. Allibone, Parkinson, WILLIAM, Baptist divine, b. Frederick Co., Md., 1774; d. 1848. Author of "Public Ministry of the Word," 1818; Sermons on Deut. xxxii., 2 vols. 8vo, 1831. Sprar/ae s Annals. Parkman, EBENEZER, first minister of Westborough, Ms., from Oct. 28, 1724, to his d. Dec. 9, 1782; b. Boston, Sept. 5, i7u3. H.U. 1721. A short account of Westborou.^h by him is in " Ms. Hist. Colls." He pub. " Re formers and Intercessors," 1752 ; " Convention Sermon," 1761. Parkman, FRANCIS, D.D. (H.U. 1834), a Unitarian minister, b. Boston, June 4, 1788; d. there Nov. 12,1852. H.U. 1807. lie studied theology under Dr. William E. Chan* ning and at the U. of Edinburgh. Ord. Dec. 8, 1813; from 1813 to 1849 he was pastor of the New North Church in Boston. He pub. "The Offering of Sympathy," 1829, and some occasional sermons and addresses. The Parkman professorship of pulpit eloquence and pastoral care in the Camb. Theol. School was founded by his munificence ; and he took an active part in nearly all the most important charitable institutions of his native city. Parkman, FRANCIS, author, b/Boston, Sept. 16, 1823. H.U. 1844. Son of Rev. Francis. He visited Europe in 1844; and in 1846 made a journey across the prairies, and explored the Rocky Mountains. An account of this expedition was given in a series of ar ticles in the Knickerbocker May ., collected and pub. under the title of " The California and Oregon Trail," N.Y. 1849. He has also pub. a " History of the Conspiracy of Pontiac," Boston, 1851 ; " Vassal Morton," a novel ; " France and England in N. Amer.," 2 vols. 1865-7 ; " Discovery of the Great West," 1869. Mr. Parkman labors under the serious disadvan tage of an affection of the eyes, which often renders him wholly unable to read or write. Parris, ALBION KEITH, gov. of Me. in 1821-6; b. Auburn, Me., Jan. 19, 1788; d. Portland, Me., Feb. 11, 1857. Dartm. Coil. 1806. Son of Samuel, a Revol. officer; sev eral years judge of the C.C.P., and member of the legisl. of Me. ; d. Washington, D.C., Sept. 10, 1847, a. 92. The son was engaged in fann ing until the age of 14 ; was adm. to the bar in Sept. 1809, and located himself at Paris, Me; in 1811 he was county atty. ; and M.C. 1815-1 9, after serving one year as representative, and one as senator in the Massachusetts legis lature; in 1818 appointed judge of the U.S. District Court, at which time he removed to Portland; in 1819 he was a member of the convention, and of the committee for forming a State const. ; was in 1820 app. judge of probate for Cumberland Co. ; was U.S. senator 691 1825-8; in 1828-36 a judge of the Supreme Court of Me. ; and in 1836-50 was a comp troller of the U.S. treasury. He retired to Portland in 1850, and was mayor of the city in 1852. Parris, SAMUEL, first minister of Danvers, Ms., from Nov. 19, 1689, to June, 1696, b. Lon don, 1653 ; d. Sudjury, Ms., 27 Feb. 1720. He studied at H.U., but did not grad. At first a merchant in Boston, afterward a minister. The Salem witchcraft commenced in his family in 1692. His dau., and his niece Abigail Williams, aged 11, accused Tituba (a South- Amer. slave), living as a servant in the family, of bewitching them. Mr. Parris beat her, and compelled her to confess herself a witch. John, Tituba s husband, for his own safety turned accuser of others. 19 were hung, and Gyles Cory pressed to death. The delusion lasted 16 months. As Mr. Parris had been a zealous prosecutor, his church in Apr. 1693 brought charges against him. He acknowledged his error, and was dismissed. After preaching two or three years at Stow, he removed to Concord, and preached 6 months in D unstable in 1711. See Life of Parris by S. P. Fowler (read to Essex fnst.), 8vo, 1857. .farrish, EDWARD, b. Phila. 1822. Prin cipal of the School of Practical Pharmacy, Phila., an din 1864 was prof, of materia medica there. Son of Joseph, M.D. Has contrib. to the Journal of Pharmacy, and pub. " Introd. to Practical Pharmacy," 8vo, 1856 ; " The Phan tom Bouquet," 1863 ; " Essay on Education in the Soc. of Friends," 1866; d. Sep. 9, 1872. Parrish, JOSEPH, M.D., physician, b. Phila. Sept. 2, 1779 ; d. Mar. 18, 1840. M.D. U. of Pa. 1816. He was brought up a Quaker. Studied languages, and afterward medicine ; was a resident physician in the Phila. Yellow- fever Hospital ; in 1806-12 was one of the phy sicians of the Phila. Dispensary; in 1806-22 surgeon to the Phila. Almshouse; in 1816-29 surgeon to the Pa. Hospital; and, from 1835 to his death, consulting physician to the Phila. Dispensary. He was an active member of va rious philanthropic or benevolent institutions ; was a contrib. to the periodical journals of his profession, and repub. " Lawrence on Hernia," with an Appendix. His son ISAAC (1811-52), nlso eminent as a physician, pub. "Memoir of J. C. Otto, M.D. ," and many papers in medical journals. Parrott, ENOCH G., commodore U.S.N., b. Portsmouth, N.H., Dec. 10, 1 814. Midshipm. Dec. 10, 1831; lieut. Sept. 8, 1841 ; com. Apr. 1661; capt. July 25, 1866; commo. 1870. Engaged under Com. Perry in the operations against Bcraly, W. coast of Africa, Dec. 1843 ; in the frigate " Congress ; " and with Fremont at the capture of Guaymas and Mazatlan during the Mexican war; with the exped. Avhich destroyed the Norfolk navy-yard, Apr. 1861 ; in brig " Perry " at the capture of the privateer " Savannah ; " com. steamer " Augusta " in cap ture of Port Royal ; engaged the Confed. rams on their sortie from Charleston, Jan. 13, 1863; com. iron-clad " Canonicus " in engagement with Hewlett s battery and the iron-clads on James River, June 21," 1864, and in subsequent engagement there ; com. " Monadnock " in attacks on Fort Fisher, Dec. 1864, and Jan 1865 ; and present at surrender of Charleston. Parry, SIR WILLIAM EDWARD, arctic navigator, b. Bath, Eng., Dec. 10, 1790; d. Ems, July 7, 1855. He entered the British navy in 1803 ; from 1813 to 1817 was attached to the N.A. station; with the boats of the "La Hogue" (74), in the spring of 1814 he ascended the Ct. River about 20 miles, and destroyed 27 privateers and other vessels ; and in 1818 joined Sir John Ross s exped as a lieut. He comman ded in 1 8 1 9 a second e xpe d , in which he crossed the meridian at 110 W., lat. 74 44 20", and became entitled to the reward of 5,000 offered by parliament for reaching thus far west within the arctic circle. Upon his return in 1820 he was promoted to commander; and was knighted in 1829. He made another exped. in 1821-3 ; and in a third, in 1826, attained by boats and sledges the lat. of 82 45 , the nearest point to the north pole that had been reached. In 1852 he became rear- adm. of the White, and in 1853 lieut.-gov. of Greenwich Hospital. He pub. narratives of his voyages. Parsons, JONATHAN, minister of Newbury- port, Ms., from 1746 to his d. July 19, 1776 ; b. W. Springfield, Ms., Nov. 30, 1705. Y.C. 1 729. Grandson of Benjamin, who settled in Spring field ab. 1635. Ord. at Lyme in March, 1731, and continued there until 1745. He possessed great oratorical powers, was a powerful reasoner, an eminent scholar, and was skilled in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. Besides occasional ser mons, he pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, 1780, "Sixty Sermons on Various Subjects;" "Letters in the Christian Hist.," 1741; "On Baptism," 1770; "Lectures on Justification," 1748. Sprague. Parsons, GEN. MPNROE M., b. Va. 1819; killed near Camargo, Mexico, Aug. 17, 1865, in a fight between the liberals and imperialists. Removing early in life to Cole Co., Mo., he practised law; held office as a Dem. politician; was atty.-gen. of Mo. in 1853-7, and member of the State senate subsequently; in the Mex. war he was a cant, in Doniphan s mounted regt., and was disting. in the battle of Sacra mento. Acting in concert with Gov. C. F. Jack son at the outset of the Rebellion, he was app. brig.-gcn. C.S.A., and was active in organizing the State militia ; he was present at the skirmish at Booneville; afterward raised a brigade of mounted men, with whom he served at Carthage, Springfield, Pea Ridge, and else where ; and, being promoted to the com. of a division, served under Price to the end of tho Avar, excepting in the last invasion of Mo. in 1864. After the surrender of Kirby Smith, he went with some followers to Mexico, and joined the forces of Juarez. Parsons, SAMUEL HOLDEN, maj.-gen. Rcvol. army, b. Lyme, Ct., May 14, 1737 ; drowned in the rapids of the Big Beaver River, Pa., Nov. 17,1789. H.U. 1756. Son of Rev. Jonathan. He studied law at Lyme, in the office of his uncle, Gov. Matthew Griswold; was adm. to the bar in 1759 ; settled at Lyme ; was elected representative to the Assembly in 1762, and successively for 18 sessions ; in 1774 he received the app. of king s atty., and re- 692 moved a New London ; he was one of the com. of corresp. ; in 1775 he was app. col. of the 6th Ct. Regt. ; was at the siege of Boston and the battle of Long Island ; made brig.-gen. by Congress, Aug. 9, 1776, and maj.-gen. Oct. 23, 1780; in 1779 he succeeded Gen. Putnam in the com. of the Ct. line ; and, at the close of the war, resumed practice in Middletown. In 1785 he was app. by Congress a commiss. to treat with the Indians at Miami ; was an active member of the conv. of Ct. in Jan. 1788 which ratiiied the U.S. Constitution; was app. by Washington first judge of the N. W. Terr. ; and was in 1789 app. by Ct. a commiss. to treat with the Wyandottes and other Indian tribes on Lake Erie for extinguishing the al (original title to the Ct. Western Reserve. Gen. Parsons went early in 1787, with others, to the North-west, and settled on or near the Ohio River. He pub. a paper on the Anti quities of the Western States in " Trans. Ainer. Acad.," vol. 2. Parsons, THEOPHILTJS, LL.D. (H.U. 1804), an eminent jurist, b. Byfield, Ms., 24 Feb. 1750; d. Boston, 30 Oct. 1813. H.U. 1769. Son of Rev. Moses. In 1774 he was adm. to the Portland bar, and kept the gram mar-school there. Upon the destruction of the town in Oct. 1775, he returned to Byfield, where he enjoyed the intercourse of the eminent jurist Trowbridge; in 1777 he began practice in Newburyport; and was a delegate to the State convention at Ipswich to consider the subject of a State constitution. His draught, slightly modified, and known as the "Essex Result/ contains the principles incorporated in the best constitutions of govt. in our republic. In 1780 he was one of the framers of the State constitution, and one of the ablest in that body. Removing to Boston in 1800, he was engaged in most cases of magnitude until made chief justice of Ms. in 1806; in 1788 he was the powerful and zealous advocate of the U.S. Constitution, to which he proposed certain amendments. In legal knowledge he was among the first of his time ; and the accura cy of his reasoning, and his profound knowledge of the law, statutes, and constitutions of the countiy, are shown in the 6 vois. of Reports embracing his decisions ; he was versed also in classical literature and mathematical science ; possessed a wonderful memory, and was a forcible and powerful speaker ; he was no less remarkable for his wit than for his legal attain ments. His pub. opinions were so highly esteemed, that a collection of them was pub. in N.Y. in 1836, entitled "Commentaries on Amer. Law." See Memoir by his Son, 12mo, 1859. Parsons, THEOPHILUS, LL.D. (H.U. 1849), son of the preceding, b. Newburyport, Ms., May 17, 1797. H.U. 1815. He studied law with Judge Wm. Prescott, and practised in Taunton, and afterward in Boston. For some years he contrib. to the N. A. Review; wrote occasionally for the American Review of Phila., arid for the Free Press and N.E. Galaxy, newspapers ; and founded and edited the U.S. Literary Gazette. He has written two vols. of essays and other smaller works in exposition s>f the doctrines of the New- Jerusalem Church, also contributing to its periodical publication?! Since 1847 he has been Dane prof, of law in the Law School of H.U. at Cambridge. He has pub. "Law of Contracts," 2 vols. 1853, 5th ed. 3 vols. 1864 ; " Elements of Mercan tile Law," 1856 ; " Laws of Business for Busi ness-Men," 1857 ; "Maritime Law," 2 vols. 1859; "Memoir of Chief Justice Parsons," 1859 ; " Notes and Bills of Exchange," 2 vols. 8vo, 1862; "Law of Partnership," 1867; "Deus Homo," 1867; "Marine Insurance and Gen. Average," 2 vols. 8vo, 1868; " Ship pins and Admiralty," 2 vols. 8vo, 1869. Parsons, THOMAS WILLIAM, M.D., den tist and poet, b. Boston, Aug. 18, 1819. H.U. 1853. Son of Dr. T. W. He was educated at the Boston Latin School; and in 1836-7 visited Italy, where he studied Italian litera ture, and translated the first 10 cantos of Dante s "Inferno," pub. in Boston 1843. In 1854 a vol. of his poems appeared containing " Ghetto di Roma," and other pictures of life in Italy, together with pieces on American subjects. His translation of the " Inferno " was pub. Boston, 1867, 4to. His friends in 1867 printed privately a vol. of his poems entitled "The Magnolia/ He has contrib. to the Galaxy, Atlantic Monthly, &c. Parsons, USHER, M.D., physician, b. Al fred, Me., Aug. 18, 1788 ; d. Providence, R.I., Dec. 19, 1868. He studied under Dr. John Warren. Entering the navy as surgeon s mate in 1812, he was acting surgeon of " The Lawrence," Perry s flagship, at the battle of Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813. He served in 1814 on the Upper Lakes, and was at the attack on Mackinac, but resigned after 10 years service in the navy, and practised medicine and sur gery in Providence, R.I. He received degrees from H.U. 1818, Dartrn. 1821, and from Brown in 1825. He was a prof, in Brown and other colleges ; pres. of the R. I. Med. Soc. ; first V. P. of the National Med. Assoc. Author of several medical works, and of a " Life of Sir Win. Pepperrell," 1856. He also pub. a speech at Put-in Bay, Sept. 10, 1858, on the 45th an- niv. of the battle of Lake Erie, and a number of biog. sketches and speeches in pamphlet form, and papers in periodicals. Parton, JAMES, author, b. Canterbury, Eng., Feb. 9, 1822. At the age of 5 he was brought to New York, and at 19 taught in an acad. at White Plains, where he had been edu cated. He afterward taught in Phila. and New York ; and was 3 years on the literary staff of the Home Journal. His "Life of Horace Greeley " appeared in 1855, ot " Aaron Burr " in 1857, and of " Andrew Jackson," 3 vols. 8vo, in 1859-60 ; all of which met with great success. In 1856 he pub. a collection of " Humorous Poetry of the English Language from Chaucer to Saxe." He pub. in 1 864 a Biography of Franklin, 2 vols. ; " Gen. But ler in New Orleans," 1863 ; "Life of J. J. As- tor," 8vo, 1865; "Manual for the Instruction of Rings, Railroad and Political," 1866; "How New York City is Governed," 1866; "Famous Americans," 1867 ; " People s Book of Biography," 8vo, 1868; "Smoking and Drinkin g," 1868;" Topics of the Time ; " " T he Danish Islands," 1869. Contrib. to N. A. Re 693 view, Atlantic Monthly, &c. He is a brilliant writer and a successful lecturer. He m. Sara Payson Willis (" Fanny Fern ") in 1856. Parton, SARA PAYSON ("Fanny Fern"), h. Portland, Me., July 7, 1811. Sister of N. P. Willis. Her father Nathaniel removed with his family to Boston when she was 6 years old. She was educated in a school at Hartford taught by Catharine and Harriet Beecher; and in 1834 m. Charles Eldridge of Boston, upon whose death in 1846 she was thrown upon her own resources to provide for herself and two children. She was subsequent ly m. to Mr. Farrington, a merchant of Bos ton ; but their union was of brief duration. Not succeeding in obtaining employment in teaching or in other vocations, she in 1851 as sumed the pen for a livelihood. Her first essay proved successful, and was followed by others, which were widely copied, until the pseudonyms of " Fanny Fern " was familiar in all parts of the U.S. These pieces were pub. in 1853 under the title of "Fern-Leaves," of which 70,000 copies were sold ; and were followed by her "Little Ferns," 1853; " Fern- Leaves," 2d series, 1854; "Ruth Hall," " Kose Clark," "Fresh Leaves," 1857 ; "Fol ly as it Flies," lmo, 1868; and the "Play- day Book," some of which have been re- pub, in Eng. and elsewhere. The "Life and Beauties of Fanny Fern" was pub. Lond. 1855. Her chief employment from 1854-72 was writing for the N. Y. Ledger. Soon after commencing her literary career, she went to New York ; and was m. to James Parton, the author, in Jan. 1856 ; d. Oct. 10, 1872. Partridge, ALDEN, milit. instructor, b. Norwich, Vt., 1785; d. there 16 Jan. 1854. West Point, 1806; Dartm. Coll. 1812. As sist, prof, of math. W. P. Nov. 1806 ; prof, of math. Apr .-Sept. 1813; of eng. Sept. 1813; capt. engr. corps 23 July, 1810; and supt. W. P. Acad. Sept. 1812-Apr. 1818. Principal of exploring survey under the 5th article, Treaty of Ghent. Established in 1820, in Norwich, Vt., a milit. acad., incorp. in 183.4 as the Norw. U., of which he was pres. ; and founded milit. schools in Portsmouth, Va. (1840), Reading, Pa. (1850), and in Pem broke, N.H. He lectured on milit. affairs in the large cities; was a member of the Vt. legisl. in 1833, 34, and 39 ; and was surv.-gen. of Vt. in 1832. Author of "An Excursion," 1822; Letters on Education, and on National Defence ; Journal of a Tour of Cadets, &c., 8vo, 1827. Partridge, GEORGE, Revol. patriot, b. Duxbury, Ms., Feb. 8, 1740; d. there July 7, 1828. H. U. 1762. He studied divinity, but never preached ; and was some years a teacher at Kingston, Ms. He was a delegate to the Prov. Congress 1774-5, in which he was very active; was a State representative 1775-9; a delegate to the Cont, Congress 1779-82 and 1783-5; M.C. 1789-91; and sheriff of Plym outh Co. 1780 and several years following. He bequeathed a large part of his estate for re ligious and educational uses. ^Partridge, OLIVER, member of the first Colonial Congress in 1765, b. Hatfield, Ms., 13 June, 1712 ; d. there July 21, 1792. Y. C 1730. His ancestor Win., an early settlei on the Ct. River, came from. Berwick-on-Twetd, and died in Hadley. Pascalis, FELIX A. OUVIERE, M.D., phy sician, b. France ab. 1750; d. New York, July 27, 1833. After completing his medical educa tion, he established himself in practice in St. Domingo. After the insurrection of the blacks there, in 1793, he resided in Phila., and subse quently, for near 30 years, in New York. His observations on the yellow-fever at Cadiz in 1805 produced in him a conviction that the dis ease was not contagious : this result was made known to the public in the Medical Repository, a journal which he edited jointly with Drs. Mitchell and Ackerly, and to which he was a frequent contrib. in 1798 he pub. an Account of the Contagious and Epidemic Yellow-Fever in Phila. in 1797 ; in 1812 an essay on syphi litic diseases; and in 1829 "Instructions for Silk-worm Nurseries, and Culture of the Mul berry-Tree." Paschall, NATHANIEL, editor, b. Knox- ville, Tenn., April 4, 1802; d. St. Louis, Dec. 12, 1866. He went to St. Louis an orphan in 1814, and apprenticed himself to Joseph Char- less of the Mo. Gazette ; in 1 827 he started with Edward Charless, the son of his patron, the Missouri Republican, of which, with the ex ception of 1843, when clerk of St. Louis Coun ty, he was editor and half-owner till he died. He was master of a terse and vigorous style. His paper, while conspicuous for its ability, advocated slavery, and opposed the Republican party. Passaconaway (Papisseconewa), the Merrimack sachem, and the great sagamore of Pamunkog, or Pennacook ; d. 1663-9 at a very great age. He held control over the tribes of Southern N.H. and a portion of Ms., and was at the head of a powerful confederacy when the whites first settled the country. May 17, 1629, he conveyed to John Wheelwright and his asso ciates at Squamscut (now Exeter) the tract of land extending from the Piscataqna to the Merrimack westward, and from the line of Ms. 30 miles north. In 1648 he invited the Indian apostle Eliot to take up his abode near his tribe, so that they might be taught Christianity, at the same time avowing his belief in God. He was sagacious and cunning, and had a great reputa tion as a powwow, or sorcerer. At a great dance and feast in 1660 he made his farewell speech to his people, and exhorted them to live in peace with the English, as he had tried his arts as a powwow against them in vain. C. E. Potter in Farmer s Monthly Visitor, Feb. 1852. Passmore, REV. JOSEPH C., D.D., b. Lancaster, Pa., 1818; d. Racine, Wis., 12 Aug. 1866. Ord. deacon P. E. Ch. 1848; priest 1849. In 1844-62 prof, of mental philos. and polit. econ. in St. James s Coll., Md. ; after ward at Racine until his death. Author of " Footprints, or Fugitive Poems," Phila. 1843. Editor of Bp. Butler s " Ethical Discourses," Phila. 1855. Patrick, GEN. MARSENA R., b. Jefferson Co., N.Y., Mar. 15, 1811. West Point, 1835. Joining the 2d Inf., he became 1st lieut. in 1839; capt. 22 Aug. 1847; brev. maj. in 1849 "for meritorious conduct in Mexico;" 694 3PA.T resigning 30 June, 1850, he retired to his farm; and in 1859-61 was prcs. of the State Agric. Coll. When civil war broke out, he was made insp.-gen. of the N. Y. militia ; brig.-gen. vols. March 17,1 862 ; in Dec. he com. a brigade in Doubleday s division, 1st army corps, with which he took part in the bat tle of Autietam ; prov.-mar.-gen. Army of the Potomac 6 Oct. 1862, to 17 Mar. 1865; re signed 12 June, 1865 ; pros. N. Y. Agric. Soc. since 14 Feb. 1867. Resides at Geneva, N.Y. Cullum. Patten, GEORGE W., lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. Newport, R. I., 1808. Brown U. 1825. West Point, 1830. Son of Dr. Wm. of Newport. Lieut. 1830; capt. 18 June, 1846; brev. maj. for gallantry at Cerro Gordo, where he lost his hand, 18 Apr. 1847 ; maj. 9th Inf. 30 Apr. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 2d Inf. 7 June, 1862 ; retired 17 Feb. 1864. Author of "Army Manual," 1863; "Tactics and Drill for Inf., Art., and Cav.,"3 vols. 1861-3; " Voices of the Border ;" " Poems/ 1867. He has contrib. many poetical pieces to periodicals. Patten, MAJ. JOHN, Revol. officer, b. Kent Co., Del. ; d. Dover, June, 1801, a. 55. He fought in nearly every battle from L. I. to Cam- den ; was a member of the Old Congress in 1785-6, and M.C. 1792-3 and 1795-7. Patten, WILLIAM, D.D. (B. U. 1807), minister of Newport 1786-1834; d. Hartford, Ct., Mar. 9, 1839, a. 76. Dartm. Coll. 1780. Son of Rev. Wm. He was a disting. theolo gian, and .a kind, benevolent man. He pub. several sermons, " Christianity the True The ology," against Paine, 12mo, 1795; "Remi niscences of Rev. S. Hopkins," 18mo, 1843; " Memoir of Mrs. Ruth Patten," 12mo, 1834. He m. Hannah Hurlbut of N. London, who in 1815 set up the first ragged school in the U.S., at Newport : she d. Brooklyn, Aug. 30, 1855, a. 86. D. C. Alumni. Patterson, DANIEL T., capt. U.S.N., b. N.Y. 1871; d. Washington, D.C., Aug. 25, 1839. Midshipm. Aug. 20, 1800; attached to the frigate " Philadelphia," Capt. Bainbridge, when she ran upon a reef off Tripoli, and was taken by a flotilla of gunboats, and remained a prisoner in Tripoli until 1805. Lieut. Jan. 24, 1807; master com. July 24, 1813; capt. Feb. 28, 1815; navy commiss. 1828-32; and com. a squad, in the Mediterranean in 1832-5. In 1814 he com. the U.S. naval forces at New Orleans, and co-operated so ably with Gen. Jaekson in the defence of that city, that he re ceived the thanks of Congress. Paterson, JOHN, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Farmington, Ct., 1743; d. Lisle, Broome Co., N.Y., July 19, 1808. Y.C. 1762. He taught school, and was a practising atty. and justice of the peace in New Britain. He moved to Lenox, Ms., in 1774. His father, Maj. John, d. of yellow-fever at the taking of Havana, Sept. 5, 1762, a. 54. He was a mem ber of the first Prov. Congress of Ms. in 1774, and of the second in 1775. The news of the battle of Lexington reached Berkshire at noon the next day, and, at sunrise the following morn ing, Paterson s regt. of minute-men was on the way to Cambridge, where it was employed in the erection of the first redoubt thrown up on the lines ab. Boston ; after the evacuation of Boston, Col. Paterson was ordered to Cana da, and a part of his regt. was engaged in the disastrous battle of the Cedars ; after the re treat from Canada, the regt. joined Washing ton just in time to take part in the battles of Trenton and Princeton; Feb. 21, 1777, Col. Paterson was app. a brig.-gen., and attached to the northern dept. A part of his brigade was at the battle of Stillwater, in which severe conflict he rendered important service ; present at the surrender of Burgoyne and at the battle of Monmouth ; he remained in service until the close of the war. During Shays s Rebellion in 1786, Gen. Paterson headed a detachment of the Berkshire militia ordered out for its sup pression. After the Revol. he removed to Lisle, where he was chief justice of the Co. Court; 4 years member of the N.Y. legisl. ; member of the N.Y. Const. Conv. of 1801; and M.C. in 1803-5. Patterson, ROBERT, LL.D., b. in north of Ireland, May 30, 1743; d. Phila. July 22, 1824. He came to Phila. in 1768. Became principal of the acad. at Wilmington, Del., in 1774; was a brigade maj. in the Revol. war ; prof, of mathematics, U. of Pa., in 1779-1814, and some time vice-provost. In 1805 he was made director U.S. mint; from 1819, till his death, he was pres. of the Amer. Philos. Soc., to whose " Transactions " he was a frequent con trib. He pub. " The Newtonian System," 8vo, 1808; "Treatise on Arithmetic," 1819 ; and edited Ferguson s " Mechanics," 2 vols. 8vo, 1806; his "Astronomy," 8vo, 1809; John Webster s " Nat. Philos./ 1808 ; Ewing s " Nat. Philos., with Biog. Sketch," 8vo, 1809. A record of the families of Robert Patterson (the elder) was priv. printed, 1847. Patterson, COL. ROBERT, b. Pa. 1753; d. near Dayton, O., Aug. 5, 1827. He emig. to Ky. in 1775. In 1804 he settled near Day ton, O. Original proprietor of Lexington, Ky., and one-third owner of Cincinnati when it was laid out. He was in Col. Clarke s 111. campaign in 1 778 ; in Bowman s exped. against old Chiilicothe in 1779; capt. in Clarke s ex ped. against the Shawnees in Aug. 1780; sec ond in com. to Col. Boone (Aug. 19, 1782) at the battle of the Lower Blue Licks; col. in Clarke s second exped. into the Miami countrv, Sept. 1782 ; and col. in 1786 in Logan s exped. against the Shawnees, and badly wounded. Patterson, GEN. ROBERT, b. Co. Tyrone, Ireland, Jan. 12, 1792. He came while young to the U.S., and was placed with a merchant of Phila. He received a collegiate education, and early manifested military predilections. Capt. 32d Inf. Apr. 1814. Returning to com mercial life, he became largely engaged in manufs., and owned several mills. At the begin ning of the Mexican war, in 1846, he was made a maj .-gen. of vols. He com. his division at Cerro Gordo ; led the cavalry and advanced brigades in the pursuit ; and the next morning entered and took Jalapa, receiving the thanks of Gen. Scott. He com. the 3-mos. Pa. vols. in 1861 ; was assigned to a milit. dept. corn posed of the States of Pa., Del., and Md., and the Dist. of Col. ; and crossed the Potomac. June 15, at Williamsport. When Gen. Me 695 Dowell advanced into Va., Patterson was in structed to remain at Winchester to hold in check the superior forces of Gen. J. E. John ston. His failure to do this, in consequence of which Johnston, re-enforcing Beauregard on the field (f Bull Run, July 21, gave the victory to the Confederates, exposed him to severe criti cism ; and he was discharged from the service, July 27, 1861. He pub. in 1865 " A Nar- native of the Campaign in the Valley of the Shenandoah in 1861," in vindication of his conduct. Patterson, ROBERT M., M.D., pres. of the Amer. Philos. Society 1849-53, b. Phila. ; d. there Sept. 5, 1854, a. 68. U. of Pa. 1804. M.D. 1808. Son of Robert, director U.S. Mint. Educated as a chemist under Sir Humphry Davy ; returned home in 1812 ; was soon after elected prof, of nat. philos., chemistry, and math. in the U. of Phila. ; prof, in the U. of Va. in 1828-35; director of the U.S. Mint, Phila., 1835-53. He was elected a member of the Philos. Society in 1809 ; was a most active par ticipant in its labors, and contrib. largely to its "Proceedings." He delivered, May 25, 1843, while its vice-pres., "A Discourse on the Early History of the Amer. Philos. Society ; " and an address before the Franklin Institute, 8vo., 1843. Dui/ckinck. Patterson, THOMAS H., capt. U.S.N., b. La., May 10, 1819. Midship. Apr. 5, 1836; lieut. June 2, 1849; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. Attached to brig " Oregon," survey of Tampa Bay, 1842-4 ; coast survey 1844-8 ; com. steam-gunboat " Chocura," N.A. B. squad., 1862 ; in constant co-operation with Army of the Potomac ; in steamer " James Adger," 1862-5; cut out steamer "Kate" from the batteries at New Inlet, N.C., July 31, 1863 ; participated in the capture of a flying battery near Fort Fisher, Aug. 23, 1863 ; cap tured " The Cornubia " and " The R. E. Lee," both filled with arms and stores for the Confed. army; com. steam-sloop "Brooklyn," flagship Brazil squad., 1865-7. Hamersly. Patterson, WILLIAM, LL.D. (H.U. 1806), statesman and jurist, b. at sea, of Irish parents, in 1745 ; d. Albany, Sept. 9, 1806. N. J. Coll. 1763. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1769; was a member of the first N. J. Const. Conv. in 1776 ; in 1776-86 was atty.- gen. of the State; was U.S. senator in 1789- 90, having previously been a member of the convention which formed the Federal Constitu tion; gov. of N. J. in 1791-4; judge of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1794 to his death. In i 798-9 he revised, by authority of the legisl., the laws of N. J. Patti, ADELINA {ADELE JUANA MARIA), vocalist, b. Madrid, Spain, Apr. 9, 1843. Her father Salvator was a tenor of some repute ; and her mother, Mad. Barilli Patti, a prima donna. The family came to the U.S. in 1844. At the acre of 9, Aclele made a tour in the British Provinces with Strakosch and Ole Bull, singing popular opera music. Mar. 3, 1 854, she made her d&but at Jullien s concert, N.Y. ; she soon after made a concert-tour to the W. Indies with Gottschalk the pianist. Nov. 24, 1859, she app. as Lucia at the N.Y. Acad. of Music, an 1 saved the season and the managers from ruin. First app. in the Ital. Opera House, London, 14 May, 1861. Jui_y 29, 1868, she m. the Marquis deCaux. Patti, CARLOTTA, sister of Adele, b. Flor ence, 1840 ; made her dgbut in concert in N.Y. First app. there in opera at the Acad. in Aug. 1862. Apr. 16, 1863, she app. at the Italian Opera House, London. The Queen of Eng. said to her, " Never in my life has any singer so charmed and pleased me." She was* equally successful in Paris and on the Continent. She returned to the U.S. in Sept. 1869, and ap peared at Steinway Hall in concert. Her exe cution is wonderful ; and her voice, a beautiful high soprano, has a compass of over two octaves. Pattison, GRANVILLE SHARPE, M.D., anatomist, b. Glasgow, 1791 ; d. N.Y. Nov. 12, 1851. Educated at Glasgow, he commenced his career as a lecturer at the Andersonian Inst. ; he then emig. to Amer., and was for some years prof, of anatomy in the Med. Coll. of Baltimore. Subsequently he returned to Eu rope, and became the first prof, of anatomy in the Loud. U. ; but a few years later he again visited Amer. ; was app. prof, of anatomy in the Jeff. Med. Coll. of Phila. ; and in 1840, on the opening of the U. of N.Y., was app. 10 a similar chair in that institution, where he re mained until his death. He pub. a translation of Masse s " Anatomical Atlas ; " an edition of Cruvelhier s " Anatomy," 8vo ; papers in the Med. Recorder, and some pamphlets. Pattison, GEN. JAMES, a British officer, b. 1724 ; d. Lond. Mar. 1, 1805. Capt. of art. Aug. 1, 1747; lieut.-col. 1761 ; col.com. of art. Apr. 25, 1777 ; maj.-gen. Feb. 19, 1779 ; lieut.- gen. Sept. 28, 1787 ; gen. Jan. 26, 1797 ; app. adjt.-gen. in America, July 11, 1776 ; sent home with despatches after the battle of Monmonth. He accoinp. the expcd. against Charleston in 1780, and com. at New York after the capture of that city. Pattison, ROBERT EVERETT, D.D. (B.U. 1838), clergyman and teacher, b. Benson, Vt., Aug. 19, 1800. Amh. Coil. 1826. Tutor in Col. Coll., D.C. ; ord. as a Baptist minister at Salem in Sept. 1829 ; and in Mar. 1830 settled as pastor of the First Baptist Church in Prov idence R.I. ; he was afterward prof., and in 1836-40 pres., of Watcrviile Coll., Me. Re suming his pastoral charge at Providence, he was elected a corresp. sec. of the Board of Foreign Missions in 1 843 ; and in 1 846-8 he was pres. and prof, of theology of the Baptist Theol. Inst. at Covington, Ky. ; he was a prof, in the Newton Theol. Sem., Ms., in 1848-53; was again for a few years pres. of Waterville Coll. ; prin. of Oread Female lust, at Worcester, in 1850-2; and, in 1871, prof, in the Chicago Coll. Besides contributions to periodicals, and addresses, he has pub. a " Commentary on the Epistle to the Ephesians," 1859. Died St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 21, 1874. Paul, GABRIEL REXE, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Mo. West Point, 1834. Entering the 7th Inf., he became 1st lieut. Oct. 26, 1836 ; capt. Apr. 19, 1846 ; disting. himself in the Florida war in 1842, and at Cerro Gordo and Contrcras ; was brev. maj. for gallantry at Chapultepec. Scot. 13, 1847; became maj. 8th Inf. Apr.*20 696 1861 ; lieut.-col. Apr. 25, 1862; col. 14th Inf. Sept. 13, 1864 ; retired, with rank of brig.-gen., 28 July, 1866. He exhibited great gallantry in expelling the Confederates from New Mexico in 1861-2; was made brig -gen. vols. Sept. 5, 1862 ; engaged at Frcdericksburg, Chancellors- ville, and at Gettysburg, where he was severely wounded, and deprived of the sight of both eyes ; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. for Gettysburg. Paulding, HIRAM, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Wcstchester Co., N.Y., Dec. 11, 1797. Son of John, one of the captors of Andre. Midshipm. Sept. 1, 1811, and was in Com. Macdonough s victory on Lake Champlain, for which service he received a sword from Congress. Lieut. Apr. 27, 1816; master com. Feb. 9, 1837; and accompanied Porter in his exped. against die W. India pirates in 1823 ; attained the rank of capt. Feb. 29, 1844; and, in com. of "The Vincenncs," cruised 3 years in the W. Indies. In 1 857, while commanding the home squadron, he broke up an exped. against Nicaragua, headed by Gen. William Walker, who sur rendered with his followers, who were disarmed, and sent to the US. In Dec. 1860, Nicaragua presented him with a sword, and also offered a tract of land (which latter, however, the U.S. senate did not allow him to receive), for the important service he had rendered the republic. He pub. a " Journal of a Cruise among the Islands of the Pacific," N.Y. 1831. He was made a rear-adm. on the retired list 21 Dec. 1861 ; com. N.Y. navy-yard 1862-5, and ren dered great service in preparing ships for the different squadrons, fitting and equipping them expediriously and efficiently, and also in the protection of public property there during the draft riots of 1 863 . Gov. Phila. Naval Asylum 1866. Paulding, JAMES KIRKE, author and politician, b. Dutchess Co., N.Y. ,22 Aug. 1779 ; d. Hyde Park, N.Y., 5 Apr. 1860. His father, an active Re vol. patriot, a member of the first com. of safety in Westchester Co., subsequently cominiss.-gen. of N.Y. Cont. troops, retired from service a ruined man, govt. refusing to redeem his pledges, and he was imprisoned. James, removing in early life to N.Y. City, became, by the marriage of his sister to Wm. Irving, acquainted with Washington Irving, with whom he began in 1807 "Salmagundi," which proved highly popular. His pamphlet, "The U.S. and England," introduced him to the political arena, and to the notice of Pres. Madison. In 1814 he was made sec. of the board of navy commiss. ; was subsequently for 12 years navy agent at N.Y. ; and was sec. of the navy in 1839-41. He was an elegant and facile essayist, and excelled in humorous satire. " Among his works are " The Divert ing Hist, of John Bull and Bro. Jonathan," 1812 ; "John Bull in America," 1824 ; "Let ters from the South," 1815 ; " The Backwoods man," a poem, 1818; "Sketch of Old Eng land by a N. Eng. Man," 12mo, 1822; " Ko- nigsmark ; " " Three Wise Men of Gotham," 1826; "Dutchman s Fireside;" "Westward Ho ; " " Life of Washington," 1835 ; " Slavery in the U.S.," 1836; "The Old Continental;" " The Painter and his Daughter; " and with his son, William I. Pauldiug, a vol. of Amer. Plays, 1847. He contrib. to the periodicals of the day. Several of his works have beec translated, and pub. abroad. See Lit. Life of by his Son Wm. /., 12mo, 1867. Paulding, JOHN, one of the captors of Andre, b. 1758 ; d. Staatsburg, N.Y., Feb. 18, 1818. Three times a prisoner^ during the war ; he escaped the second time 4 days before Andre was taken ; the third time he was released by the peace. Paulding, Van Wart, and Williams received from Congress a silver medal, inscribed on^one side "Fidelity," and on the other " Vincit Amor Patrice" also an annuity of $200. A marble monument was in 1 827 erected to his memory in the churchyard near Peekskill village by the corporation of New York. Pauw, CORNELIUS DE, sometimes called Nicolas, a Dutch hist, writer, b. Amsterdam, 1739; d. Xanten, 1799. He was educated at Gottingen ; was for a time canon of Xanteu in the duchy of Cleves, and previously reader to Frederick II. of Prussia. He was a man of great learning, and pub. " Recherches sur /es America ins," 8vo, 1770, Berlin, followed by a defence of the same. Paxton, CHARLES, loyalist; d. Norfolk Co., Eng., Mar. 1788, a. 84. One of the most, active and efficient of the agents of the crown in suggesting and carrying out the measures which brought on the Revol. In 1769 he and his associates were posted in the Boston Ga zette by James Otis. This card caused the as sault by Robinson, resulting in injuries which deprived Otis of reason. Paxton was the head of the commissions of customs at Boston, and, though a man of finished politeness and cour teous manners, was exceedingly obnoxious. He made frequent visits to Eng., and was in the confidence of the minister Charles Towns- hend, and was one of the writers of the famous letters sent home by Franklin in 1773. He went to Eng. in 1776; was proscribed, ban ished, and his estate confiscated. tiabine. Paxton, ELISHA FRANKLIN, brig-.-gen. C.S.A., b. Rockbridge Co., Va., Mar. 4, 1828 ; killed at the battle of Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1863. Y.C. 1847. He was educated at the Va. Milit. Acad. at Lexington. He was pres. of a bank in Lynchburg when the Rebel lion broke out, and shortly after com. a Va. regt. " Stonewall " Jackson, who was strong ly attached to him, made him his adj. -gen., and, when promoted to com. an army corps, ob tained for him the grade of brig.-gen. and the com. of the " Stonewall Brigade." lie served at Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chancellors ville, and was killed on the same evening on which Jackson was mortally wounded. Oh. Rec. Yale Coll. Paxton, JOSEPH RUPERT, b. 1827. U of Pa. Member of the Pa. bar; in U.S. milit. service 1861-5. Author of "Jewelry and the Precious Stones," 8vo, 1856 ; translation into French of " Reveries of a Bachelor ; " dramatic versions of Dickens s stories for the Phila. theatres ; translator of French plays ; and con trib. to periodicals. Edited the Bizarre, 1854- 5, and pub. in 1856 Nott s translation of the Epithalavnium of Johannes Secundus. Payne, COL. DUVAL, b. Fairfax Co., Va., 1764; d. Mason Co., Ky., 21 June, 1830. A 697 soldier of the Revol., after which he m. a dau. of Maj. Hugh Brent of Pr. Wm. Co., and in 1789 settled on a farm near Lexington, Ky. He served under Gen. C. Scott in the India n campaign of 1791, and com. a batt. of cav., and was (listing, at the battle of the Thames, 5 Oct. 1813. Payne, JOHN HOWARD, actor and drama tist, b. New York, June 9, 1792; d. Tunis, Africa, Apr. 10, 1852. His precocity was won derful. At 13, while clerk in a counting-house, he edired a weekly paper, the Thespian Mirror; in 1807 he pub. 25 Nos. of a periodical called the Pastime; Feb. 26, 1809, he made a highly successful debut at the Park Theatre as Young Norval ; he next appeared in Boston, and in the following spring played Hamlet and other leading parts in New York; in 1812-13 he played successfully at Drury Lane, also in Ire land and in the provincial theatres. While in London, he produced a host of dramas, chiefly adaptations from the French, in one of which, " Clari, or the Maid of Milan," occurs his fa mous song of " Home, Sweet Home," which made the fortunes of all concerned except the author. In 1826-7 he edit, in Lond. a dramatic paper called the Opera Glass. He was a corresp. of Coleridge and Charles Lamb. His tragedy of "Brutus" was successfully produced at Drury Lane, Dec. 4, 1818. He returned home in Aug. 1832 ; was a contrib. to theZ)e/oc. Re view in 1838; was app. consul to Tunis in 1841 ; was recalled in 1845, and re-appointed in 1851. An interesting Memoir of Payne, by his friend T. S. Fay, appeared in the N.Y. Mir ror in 1832. Also author of "Lisping of the Muse," juvenile poems, 1815; Account of East Hampton in Democ. Review; and a series of papers on our Neglected Poets; the plays of Virginias, and Charles the Second. The U. S. govt. has erected a monument over his remains in the cemetery of St. George at Tu nis. Payne, MATTHEW MODNTJOT, col. U.S.A., b. Goochland Co., Va. App. lieut. 20th Inf. March, 1812; capt. March, 1814; maj. 2d Art. Dec. 17, 1836; lieut.-col. 4th Art. June 27, 1843; acting insp.-gen. to Gen. Tay lor ; brcv. col. for battles of Palo Alto and R. de la Palma, May 9, 1846, in the latter of which he was severely wounded ; col. 2d Art. Nov. 11, 1856; gov. Military Asylum, D.C., Nov. 1854-March, 1858; resigned July 23, 1861. He resided in Richmond, and, during the Rebellion, avowed his loyalty to the Union. Payson, EDWARD, D.D. (Bowd. 1821), clergyman, b. Rindge, N.H., July 25, 1783 ; d. Portland, Me., Oct. 22, 1827. H.U. 1803. He had charge of an acad. in Portland 3 years; then studied theology under his father, Rev. Seth of Rindge. Licensed to preach May 20, 1807 ; and Dec. 16 was ord. colleague of the Rev. Mr. Kellogg of the Cong. Church in Portland, where he remained until his death. He was a man of exalted piety and unquench able zeal. His Works, with a Memoir by Asa Cummings, D.D., were pub. in 3 vols. 8vo,"l846. Payson, PHILLIPS, D D. (H.U. 1800), minister of Chelsea, Ms., from Oct 26, 1757, to his d. Jan. 11, 1801 ; b. Walpole, Ms., Jan. 18, 1736. H.U. 1754. A descendant of Edward of Roxbury, 1649. He was a zealous patriot of the Revol. ; disting. as a classical scholar, an energetic and pathetic preacher. His tracts on astron. and nat. philos. are in the " Trans, of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences." He pub. some sermons, among them Battle of Lexington, 1782 ; Death of Washington, 1800. Payson, SETH, D.D. (Dartm. 1809), min ister of Rindge, N.H., from Dec. 4, 1782, to his d. Feb. 26, 1820; b. Walpole, Ms., Sept. 29, 1758. H.U. 1777. Bro. of Rev. Phillips. He pub. "Proofs of Illuminism," an abstract of Robinson and Barruel, 12mo, 1802; and some sermons. Spraque. Peabody, ANDREW PRESTON, D.D. (H.U. 1852), LL.D. (Roch. 1863), clergyman and scholar, b. Beverly, Ms., Mar. 19, 1811. H.U. 1826 ; tutor 1832-3. He spent 3 years in teaching, then studied 3 years at the Camb. Divinity School. From Oct. 23, 1833, until Sept. 1, 1860, he was settled in the South Parish Church of Portsmouth, N.H. He then became preacher, and Plummer prof, of Christian mor als in H.U. He was for several years a leading writer for the American Monthly and N . E. Mao., and long a principal contrib. , to the Christian Examiner. For nearly a quarter of a century he was connected with the N. A. Review, which he edited in 1852-61. He has pub. more than 100 sermons, orations, tracts, &c. ; a vol. of " Lectures on Christian Doc trine," 1844 ; " Sermons of Consolation," 1847; " Conversation, its Faults and Graces," 1856 ; "Christianity the Religion of Nature," 1864; "Sermons for Children," 1866; "Reminis cences of European Travel," 1868; also com piler of a Sunday-school Hymn-Book. He has written Memoirs, and edited the writings of Rev. Jason Whitman ; James Kinnard, jun. ; J. W. Foster ; Charles A. Cheever, M. D. ; and Gov. Wm. Plumer. His review articles cover most of the social and educational ques tions of the day, with the discussion of many miscellaneous topics. Peabody, ELIZABETH PALMER, b. Bille- rica, Ms., 1804, dau. of Dr. N. Peabody, resided at Salem ; in 1822, became a teacher, and sub sequently a bookseller in Boston. Author of " Records of a School ; " " Spiritual Culture ; " " Aesthetic Papers; " "Introd. to Grammar; " "First Steps to History;" "Keys to Gre cian and Hebrew History ; " Memorial of Dr. Wm. Wesselhoeft," 1 859 ; translations and pa pers in various periodicals ; with her sister Mary (Mrs. Horace Mann), "Moral Culture of In fancy ; " and " Kindergarten Guide," 1863. Peabody, EPHRAIM, D.D., Unitarian cler gyman and writer, b. Wilton, N.H., Mar. 22, 1807; d. Boston, Nov. 28, 1856. Bowd. Coll. 1827; D.D. 1848. He studied theology at Cambridge; began to preach in 1830 at Mead- ville, Pa. ; preached 4 years in Cincinnati, and in the Federal-st. Church during Dr. Gannett s absence in Europe in 1837 ; and was settled in New Bedford from May, 1838, to Jan. 18, 1846, when he became pastor of King s Chapel, Bos ton. He took the deepest concern in devising measures for the relief of the poor. The Boston Provident Society owed its original establish ment to his suggestion and his efforts. During the spring and summer of 1853 he travelled 698 over Europe for the benefit of his health, and spent the winter of 1855-6 in St. Augustine with the same object. As a preacher, he was in the highest degree impressive. His sermons, with a Memoir, were pub. 8vo, 1857 ; " Chris tian Days and Thoughts," 1858. Peabody, GEORGE, D.C.L. (Oxon. 1867), banker and philanthropist, b. S. Dauvers, Ms., 18 Feb. 1795 ; d. Lond. 4 Nov. 1869. At the age of 11 he became a clerk in a grocery-store ; in 1812-13 he was a clerk in his uncle s store in Georgetown, D.C. ; he became a partner with Elisha Riggs in the dry-goods trade in New York, afterward in Baltimore ; and in July, 1843, established himself in London as a banker, his house becoming the headquarters of his countrymen in that city. His benefac tions were numerous, and were on a princely scale. In 1852 he gave to his native town $20,000 towards founding an institute, lyceum, and library, afterward increasing it to $200,000. He contrib. $10,000 to the first Grinnell exped. to the Arctic Ocean ; and in 1857 gave $300,000 to found an institute of science, literature, and the fine arts, in Baltimore, which he subse quently increased to $1,400,000. For the bene fit of the poor of London he gave in 1862 500,000 ; in recognition of which the Queen presented Mr. Peabody with her portrait, the city of London gave him its freedom in a gold box, and the citizens erected to his mem ory a fine statue. In Oct. 1866 he gave to H.U. $150,000 to establish a museum and professorship of Amer. archaeology and ethnol ogy ; to the Southern Educational Fund, created in 1866, he gave $2,000,000; and to found a geol. branch at Yale Coll., $150,000. Peabody, NATHANIEL, physician, soldier, and statesman, b. Topsfield, Ms., Mar. 1, 1741 ; d. Exeter, June 27, 1823. He studied and prac tised with his father, a physician, who had removed to Leominster in 1745, and who d. there in 1758. He settled at Plaistow, N.H., ab. 1761, and soon acquired extensive practice. He was commis. a lieut.-col. in 1774, and was the first man in N.H. to resign the king s com mission on account of political opinions. In Dec. 1774- he was one of the captors of Fort William and Mary at Newcastle. He was constantly employed in the legisl. in committees and in conventions during the early part of the war; and was some time chairman of the com. of safety and other committees, to whom were referred subjects of the greatest impor tance. App. in July, 1777, adj. -gen. of the State militia, he served in that capacity in 1779, in R.I., under Gen. Whipple; delegate to the convention at New Haven, 1779, for regulating the price of labor, manufactures, produce, &c., and for other purposes ; delegate to Congress in 1779-80; delegate to the convention, and chairman of the com., to form the State con stitution in 1782-3 ; was for several successive years in the legisl. ; councillor; senator; brig.- gen. ; chairman of various committees, &c. ; speaker of the house in 1793 ; and maj.-gen. of militia from 1793 to 1798. One of the founders of the N.H. Med. Society in 1790. During several of the last years of his life, he was con fined to the limits of the prison at Exeter for ie\>t. N.lI.Hist. Colls. Peabody, OLIVER WILLIAM BOURN, twin- bro. of W. B. O., journalist arid clergyman, b. Exeter, N.H., July 9, 1799 ; d. Burlington, Vt.. July 5, 1848. H.U. 1816. He practised law in Exeter 1 1 years, at the same time editing the Roclingham Gazette and Exeter News-Letter, and serving in the State legisl. ; and removed to Boston in 1830, assisting his bro.-in-law, A. H. Everett, in editing the A 7 . A. Review. He was for several years assist, editor of the Bos ton Daily Advertiser. From 1836 to 1842 he was register of probate in Suffolk Co.; in 1842 he accepted the professorship of Eng. literature in Jeff. Coll., La., hoping to repair his shattered health by a residence in a milder climate. Fail ing in this, he returned to Boston, where in 1845 he was licensed to preach by the Unitarian Assoc. He soon after became the minister of a cong. in Burlington, Vt. Both brothers were men of eminent natural endowment, of ripe scholarship, of gentle and affectionate tempers. He edited Shakspeare, 7 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1844; contrib. to Goodrich s " Token ;" also Lives of Putnam and Sullivan to Sparks s " American Biography." Peabody, WILLIAM BOURN OLIVER, D.D. (H.U. 1842), Unitarian clergyman, b. Exeter, N.H., July 9, 1799 ; d. Springfield, Ms., May 28, 1847. H.U. 1816. Son of Judge Oliver, and, with his twin-bro. 0. W. B., was educated at Phillips Acad. and at H.U. Wm. studied theology at Cambridge; and in 1820 was settled over the new Unit, society in Spring field, where he ministered to the close of his life. He was an accomplished belles-lettres scholar and poet. Contrib. to the N. A. Re view, among other articles, the review of Au- dubon s magnificent work, beside contrib. to the Christian Examiner. He contrib. to Sparks s Biograph. Lives of Alex. Wilson, Cotton Mather, David Brainerd, James Oglethorpe, and John Sullivan. In 1837, Gov. E vcrett se lected Dr. Peabody to prepare a Report on the Birds of Ms. After his death, a vol. of his ser mons was pub., together with a Memoir of his life by his bro. Oliver; and in 1850 his Literary Remains were edited by his son Col. EVERETT PEABODY (killed at the battle of Sliiloh, April 6, 1862, a. 31 ; H.U. 1849). The latter was made col. of 13th, afterwards 25th, Mo. Vols, Sept. 1, 1861. Before the war, he was an engineer and constructor of railroads in the West. Peale, CHARLES WILSON, portrait-painter, b. of Eng. parents at Chestertown, Md., April 16, 1741 ; d. Phila. Feb. 22, 1827. He was ap prenticed to a saddler ; carried on successively the trades of saddler, harness-maker, silver smith, watchmaker, and carver; and after wards, as a recreation from his sedentary prac tice of portrait-painting, became a sportsman, naturalist, and preserver of animals ; made himself a violin and guitar ; invented and exe cuted a variety of machines ; and was the first dentist in the country that made sets of enamel teeth. At the age of 26 he^ obtained instruc tion in painting from Hesselius, and afterwards from Copley in Boston. By friendly aid he was enabled in 1770-1 to study in the Royal Acad. at London under the direction of West. In 1772 he painted the first picture of Wash ington as a Va. col; on his return he opened 699 :PEC a, picture-gallery in Phila., and was for ab. 15 years the only portrait-painter in N. A. Dur ing the war he was often employed in confiden tial services, and at Trenton and Germantown headed a company which he had raised. He represented Phila. in the State legisl. in 1777. He painted the portraits of many disting. Revol. officers ; opened the first museum in the coun try, for which he procured almost an entire skeleton of the mammoth ; and was the first to lecture on the interesting and now popular sub ject of nat. history. He was prominent in the early attempts to establish an acad. of the fine arts, and, when that of Pa. was founded, he co operated zealously, and contrib. to 17 annual exhibitions. He pub. an essay on " Building Wooden Bridges," 8vo, 1797; "Lectures on Nat. History," 8vo, 1800; "Preservation of Health;" "Domestic Happiness," 8vo, 1813; "Address to the Corp. of Phila.," 1816; "Econ omy in Fuel," in " Trans. Amer. Soc.," v. 320. RAPHAEL, his eldest son, also a painter, d. Phila. March, 1825, a. 52. Peale, REMBRANDT, painter, son of the preceding, b. Bucks Co., Pa., Feb. 22, 1778 ; d. Phila. Oct. 3, 1860. He early evinced talent as a draughtsman, and, having a strong desire to paint the portrait of Washington, accom plished his purpose in Sept. 1795. He estab lished himself as a port.-painter in Charleston, S.C., in 1796, and, between 1801 and 1804, stud ied under West in London. He next went to Paris, where he passed several years, and exe cuted portraits of eminent men for his father s museum. Returning to Phila. in 1809, he painted many portraits, and also two well- known pictures, the " Roman Daughter " and the " Court of Death." The latter, 24 feet in length by 13 in breadth, contained 23 figures, and, by exhibition in the chief cities of the U.S., brought him a large sum of money. During the winter of 1859-60 he lectured in the princi pal cities on the portraits of Washington. He pub. " Hist. Disquis. on the Mammoth," 8vo, 1803; "Notes on Italy," 1831; "Portfolio of an Artist," 1839; "Biog. of C. W. Peale;" " Reminiscences on Art and Artists ; and a small treatise on elementary drawing, entitled " Graphics," 1845. He contrib. to the Cincin. Literary Gazette in 1824. Pearce. See also PEIRCE and PIERCE. Pearce, COL. CROMWELL, b. Willistown, Pa., Aug. 13, 1772; d. April 2, 1852. He was brought up a farmer ; was a capt. of militia in 1793; 1st licut. 10th Inf. 1799; and col. 16th U.S. Inf. in July, 1812. He took a disting. part in the capture of York, April 27, 1813; and at Chrystler s Field, on the fall of his lead er, took the com. In 1816 he became sheriff of Chester Co.; and in 1825-39 was associate judge of the County Court. Note Cestriensis. Pearce, DUTEE J., lawyer and politician, b. Apr. 1789; d. Newport, R.I., 9 May, 1849. Brown U. 1808. A prominent lawyer ; served in the R. I. legisl.; atty.-gen. of R.I. 1819-25; afterward U.S. dist.-atty^ M.C. 1825-33 and 1835-7. Pearce, JAMES ALFRED, LL.D., U.S. sen ator in 1843-62, b. Alexandria, Va., Dec. 14, 1805; d. Chestertown, Md., Dec. 24, 1862. N". J. Coll. 1822. He was bred to the law, but was much engaged in agriculture ; was a mem ber of the Md. legisl. in 1831 ; M.C. in 1835-9 and 1841-3 ; prof, of law in Wash. Coll., Ches tertown ; and a regent of the Smithsonian Inst. In the senate he was an earnest advocate of the coast-survey ; and, though a member of the Democratic party, was ardently devoted to the preservation of the Union. Pearson, ELIPHALET, LL.D. (Y.C. 1802), b. Newbury, Ms., June 11, 1752; d. Greenland, N.H., Sept. 12, 1826. H.U. 1773. Prof, of Hebrew and Oriental languages at H.U. 1786- 1806; ord. Sept. 28, 1808; first prof, of sacred lit. at And. Theol. Sem. 1808-9. He delivered a valuable course of lectures on language at Cambridge, where he also lectured on gram mar and taught rhetoric with great success. He pub. some occasional discourses, and a Lecture on the death of Pres. Willard, 1804. Pearson, GEORGE F., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Exeter, N.H., 1799; d. Portsmouth, N.H., June 30, 1867. Midshipm. March 11, 1815; lieut. Jan. 13, 1825; com. Sept. 8, 1841 ; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; rear-adm, July 25, 1866; re tired July 1 6, 1 862. In 1 837, while at Constan tinople in com. of the U.S. schooner " Shark," he was offered by the Sultan the com. of his navy, with the rank of adm. and the salary of $10,000 per annum. Licut. Pearson promptly declined the honor. He disting. himself by breaking up the haunts of pirates who infested the Gulf of Mexico, seizing and sinking their vessels, and clearing our waters effectually of those marauders. In 1865-6 he com. the Pa cific squadron. Pease, CALVIN, D.D. (Mid. Coll. 1855), clergyman, b. Canaan, Ct., Aug. 12, 1813; d. Burlington, Vt., Sept. 17, 1863. U. of Vt. 1838. He worked on his father s farm in Charlotte, Vt., from 1826 to 1832; was princi pal of the Montpelier Acad. in 1838-42 ; prof, of Greek and Latin in the Vt. U. 1842-Dec. 1855, when he became pres. of that institu tion. In Jan. 1862 he took charge of the 1st Presb. Church, Rochester, N.Y. ; in 1863 he became a member of the Amer. Philos. Socie ty. He pub. a " Discourse on the Import and Value of the Popular Lecturing of the Day," 1842; "Classical Studies," in the Bibh otheca Sacra, July, 1852 ; " The Distinctive Idea of Preaching," 1853; "Characteristics of the Eloquence of the Pulpit," 1838; "The Idea of the N.E. College," 1856 ; and a number of occasional sermons, Pease, CALVIN, jurist, b. Suffield, Ct., Sept. 9, 1776; d. Warren, O., Sept. 17, 1839. He studied law with Gideon Grainger, and, after practising in his native State, went to Ohio in 1800. He was in the Ohio legisl.; was active in forming the State govt. ; in 1 803- 10 was pres. judge of the C.C.P. ; and in 1816-30 was judge, and some time chief jtidtre, of the Supreme Court ; State senator in 1812. Peaslee, EDMUND RANDOLPH, M.D. (Y.C. 1840), b. Newtown, N.H. 1814. D.C. 1836. Prof, of anat, and physiol. D.C. 1840-2; of anat. and surgery in the Me. Med. School 1843-51 ; and of physiol. and patholo^v in N.Y. Med. Coll. since 1851. Author of "*Hu- man Histology," &c., 1857. Allibone. Peck, GEORGE. D.D. (Aug. Coll.), clergy. PEC 700 :PEID man and author, b. Aug. 8, 1797. He entered the ministry of the M.E. Church in 1816 ; was principal of the OneidaConf. Sem. in 1835-9 ; was in 1840 app. editor of the Quarterly Re view, and of the books of the Meth. Book Con cern ; and editor of the Christ. Advocate and Journal in 1848-52. He has been a member of 9 successive gen. conferences, and represent ed 4 annual conferences. He has pub. " An Examination of Universalism ; " " The Lives of the Apostles and Evangelists ;" " Christian Perfection ; " " Rule of Faith ; " " Reply to Dr. Lectures to Young Men ; " " Early Methodism Bascom on Slavery ; " " Wyoming, its History and Incidents," 1858; Manly Character, in the Genesee Conference, from 1788 to 1828," 1860; "Our Country, its Trials and Tri umphs," 12mo, 1865. Peck, GEORGE W., editor and author, b. Rehoboth, Ms., Dec. 4, 1817; d. Boston, June 6, 1859. B.U. 1837. His boyhood was passed on his father s farm. After graduating, he was a teacher at the West; edited in Cincin nati the Daily Sun, and Republican ; next studied law in Boston, and was adm. to the bar in 1843. He was frequently a public lec turer; was musical and dramatic critic for the Boston Post ; in 1 845 issued the Boston Musical Review ; was afterward connected with the N. Y. Courier and Inquirer, and Colton s Amer. Review, Literary World, Art Union Bul letin, &c., till Feb. 1853, when he went to Australia. He pub. " Melbourne and the Chincha Islands," N.Y. 1854. At the time of his death he was writing an essay on Shak- speare, a part of which was printed in the Atlantic Monthly. Dityckinck. Peck, GEN. JOHN JAY, b. Manlius, Onon- daga Co., N.Y., Jan. 4, 1821. West Point, 1843. Entering the 2d Art., he served in Duncan s battery at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Pal ma, and at the siege of Monterey; in 1847 he joined the army of Scott at Vera Cruz, and, at the assault of Molino del Rey, turned a captured gun upon the enemy with great effect ; for this he was brev. major, hav ing the previous brev. of capt. for Contreras and Churubusco. Resigning 31 Mar. 1853, he settled in Syracuse as a banker, and was a member of the Democ. nat. con vs. of 1856 and 1860. On the breaking-out of the civil war, he was made brig. -gen. vols. Aug. 9, 1861, and maj.-gen. July 4,1862; he accomp. his brigade to Yorktown with the 4th (Keyes s) corps ; arrived with re-enforcements at a criti cal period of the battle of Williamsburg ; was at the battle of Fair Oaks ; and, at the siege of Richmond, defended the Chickahominy below the railroad. During the movement from Turkey Creek to Harrison s Landing, he com. the rear-guard. He was engaged in defence of Suffolk, Va., Apr.-May, 1863; and com. and was engaged in numerous skirmishes and minor actions in N.C. in 1863-4 ; com. on the Canada frontier in 1864-5; mustered out 24 Aug. 1865; pres. N.Y. State Life Ins. Co., Syracuse, since 1866. Cullum. Peck, JOHN MASON, D.D. (H.U. 1852), Baptist clergyman and author, b. Litchfield, Ct., Oct. 31, 1789 ; d. Rock Spring, 111., March 15, 1858. At the age of 20, though very illite rate, he resolved to devote himself to the minis try. Removing to Greene Co., N.Y., in 1811, he was licensed to preach; was ord. at Cats- kill in June, 1813 ; and in 1814 became pastor of the church in America, Duchess Co., N.Y. He went to St. Louis in 1817; was for the next 9 years an itinerant in Mo. and 111. ; or ganized the first Bapt. society in St. Louis in 1 826 ; and erected the edifice for the Rock Spring Sem., of which he became principal. In Apr. 1829 he began to pub. the Pioneer, the first Bapt. journal in the West. He aided in found ing Shurtleff College in 1835, and subsequently a theol. sem. in Covington, Ky. He pub. " Emigrant s Guide," 1832 ; " Gazetteer of Illi nois," 1834; "Life of Daniel Boone," in Sparks s " Amer. Biog. ; " and a " Memoir of Father Clark," a Western preacher, 1855; ed ited " Annals of the West ; " and aided in es tablishing hist, societies in the North-western States and Territories. Forty Years of Pioneer Life ; Memoir of J. M. Peck, edited from his Journals and Corresp. by Ritfus Babcock, Phila. 12mo, 1864. Peck, WILLIAM DANDRIDGE, prof, of nat. history at H.U. from Mar. 27, 1805, to his d. Oct. 3, 1822 ; b. Boston, May 8, 1763. H.U. 1782. He passed some years in a counting- house in Boston, and then for 20 years devot ed himself to the study of natural history. Like his father John Peck, the eminent ship builder of the Revol., he was an ingenious mechanic ; made a microscope and the most delicate instruments for which he had occasion. He pub. an account of the sea-serpent in Me moirs of the Amer. Acad., iv. ; a catal. of Amer. and For. Plants, 1818; and some other articles. Peek, WILLIAM G., LL.D., b. Litchfield, Ct., Oct. 16,1820. West Point, 1844. Lieut, of U.S. topog. engrs., res. 1855; assist, prof. of math, at W.P. 1847-55 ; prof, of physics and eng. U. of Mich. 1855-7; prof, of math. in Columb. Coll. since 1857. Author of " Ele ments of Mechanics," 1859; Gault s "Nat. Philos.," 1860; with Ch. Davies, " Mathem. Dictionary and Cyclop, of Math. Science," 8vo, 1855. Pedder, JAMES, agriculturist, b. Newport, Isle of Wight, Eng., July 29, 1775 ; d. Rox- bury, Aug. 30, 1859. He came to Amer. ab. 1832 ; was engaged in the manuf. of sugar in Phila. several years ; and for 7 years conducted the Farmer s Cabinet, an agric. journal of great merit. From 1844 till his death he was active ly engaged in contributing to and editing the Boston Cultivator. Several editions of his fa mous conversations, entitled " Frank," have been pub. ; and " The Yellow Shoestrings " ran rapidly through 17 editions in Loud., and two or more in America ; also author of " Far mer s Land-Measurer," 18mo, 1854. Pedro I., ANTONIO JOSE D ALCANTARA, emperor of Brazil, b. Oct. 12, 1798; d. Sept. 24, 1834. He was taken to Brazil with the rest of the royal family in 1 808 ; m. the arch duchess Leopoldine in 1817; was made re gent on the departure of his father, King John, for Portugal, in 1821 ; became emperor of Bra zil Oct. 12, 1822; and on the death of his fa ther, in 1826, became king of Portugal, but im 701 IPEI mediately abdicated in favor of his infant daughter Donna Maria, on account of the jeal ousies of the Brazilians ; and was app. regent of Portugal during her minority. Internal dis sensions caused him to abdicate in favor of his son Pedro II. in 1831 ; and he lived a while in Eng. in retirement. His bro. Don Miguel hav ing usurped the throne of Portugal, Pedro s fleet, under the com. of Admiral Napier, sig nally defeated that of Miguel in July, 1813; and Donna Maria was restored to the throne. His son PEDRO II., the present emperor, b. 2 Dec. 1825, was crowned 18 July, 1841, and Sept. 4, 1843, in. the princess Theresa Christina Ma ria, dau. of Francis I., king of the Two Sicilies. Under his rule, Brazil has steadily increased in power ; and internal improvements have been actively carried on. Don P. possesses consid erable literary and scientific acquirements, and has the enthusiastic affection of his sub- Peet, HARVEY PRINDLE, LL.D., b. Beth lehem, Ct., 1794. Y. C. 1822. From 1822 to 1831 assoc. with Gallaudet as an instructor in the Hartford Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb ; afterwards principal of the N. Y. Inst. for the Deaf and Dumb. Author of " Course of Instruction for the Deaf and Dumb," 4 parts, 1 844-6 ; also author of addresses, reports, memoirs, &c., and contrib. to the "Annals for the Deaf and Dumb," " Journal of Insan ity." &c. A biog. sketch of Dr. Peet is in Barnard s Jour, of Ed. ; d. N. Y. City, Jan. 1/73. Peet, STEPHEN, missionary of Wisconsin, b. Sandgate, Vt., 1795; d. Chicago, Mar. 21, 1855. Y. C. 1823. He preached seven years at Euclid, near Cleveland, O. ; was afterward a chaplain at Buffalo, editing the Bethel Mag. and Buffalo Spectator; became minister of Green Bay, Wis., in 1837; assisted in found ing Bcloit Coll. and 30 churches ; was settled as minister of Milwaukie ; afterwards took charge of an institute at Batavia, 111., and was then made agent of an association in Mich, to found a theol. seminary. Author of " Hist, of the Presb. and Cong. Churches and Ministers of Wisconsin," 18mo, 1851. Pegram, GEN. JOHN, b. Richmond, Va., 1832 ; d. Petersburg, Feb. 6, 1865, of a wound received at the battle of Hatcher s Run. West Point, 1856. Son of John Pegram, M.C. from Va. 1818-19. A lieut. of dragoons before the civil war began, he resigned when Va. seceded ; received the com. of a regt., and in 1 862 became a brig.-gen. ; taken prisoner at Rich Mountain by Gen. McClellan. He was in most of the severe battles of the Army of Va., and was made maj.-gen. in 1864. His division was noted in the campaign of 1864-5 for desperate fighting ; and Pegram was regarded as one of the ablest division commanders in the Confed. army. Pegram, GEN. WILLIAM JOHNSON, b. Petersburg, Va., 1841 ; killed in the battle of Petersburg, April 2, 1865. Son of Gen. James W., nephew of Col. George H. Pegram, the Confed. com. at Rich Mountain. He left the study of law at the U. of Va. to fight in the Confed. army as a private of art. at the bat tle of Manassas, and won distinction and pro motion in that arm of the service at Cedar Run, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg ; and attained the rank of gen. shortly before his death. Peirce. See PEARCE and PJERCE. Peiree, BEXJAMIN, librarian of H. U. from 1826 to his death, b. Salem, Sept. 30, 1778 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., July 26, 1831. H. U. 1801. Member of the State senate in 1811 ; and for several years a representative of Salem. He pub. the valuable Catalogue of the Library, in 4 vols. 8vo ; and wrote a " Hist, of the Uni versity," pub. in 1833. Peirce, BENJAMIN, LL.D. (U. of N.C. 1847), mathematician, son of the preceding, b. Salem, Ms., Apr. 4, 1809. H.U. 1829. After teaching 2 years at the Rand Hill School, Northampton, he was app. tutor in math, at Camb. in 1831 ; prof, of math, and nat. philos. in 1833 ; and was Perkins prof, of astron. and math, in 1842-67, and also consulting astron. to " The Amer. Ephemeris and Nautical Al manac " since its establishment in 1 849. Mem ber of the leading scientific societies ; an asso- ciateof the Royal Astronomical Society of Lond. since 1849 ; member of the Royal Society of Lond. since 1852; pres. of the Amer. Assoc. for the Advancement of Science in 1853, and one of the scientific council which established the Dudley Observatory in 1855 ; supt. of the U.S. coast-survey since 27 Sept. 1867. He was a pupil of Dr. Bowditch, and read the proof-sheets of the translation of the Mecanique Cdeste while it was going to press. He was a contrib. to Mr. Gill s Mathematical Miscellany, and afterward pub. 5 numbers of the Camb. Misc. of Math., Physics, and Astronomy. He also pub. a series of valuable text-books during the years 1836-46 ; " Treatise on Analytic" Me chanics," 4to, 1857; "Associative Algebra," 1870 ; theory of the tails of comets in the As- iron. Journal ; methods of investigating terres trial longitudes, &c., in the Report of the Supt. of the Coast Survey ; and the singular and valuable " Criterion for the Rejection of Doubtful Observations." His first important investigation was his criticism of the compu tations and results of Leverrier upon the irregu larities observed in the motions of the planet Uranus. He discovered and announced in 1851 the fluidity of Saturn s rings; in 1852 he prepared a vol. of lunar tables tor the Nau tical Almanac. Appleton. Peirce, BRADFORD KINNEY, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1868), philanthropist and author, b. Royal- ton, Vt., Feb. 3, 1819. Wesl. U. 1841. In 1843 he was a Meth. minister in the N.E. Conf., stationed at Waltham, and subsequently at Newburyport, Charlestown, and Boston. His health failing, he spent the next 10 years at Roxbury, where he prepared a series of Sun day-school Question-Books, a "Bible-Scholar s Manual," " A Commentary on Acts." A vol. entitled " The Eminent Dead " had a very large sale. In 1850 he was app. agent for N, E. "of the Sunday-school Union; in 1855-6, while State senator from Norfolk Co., he en tered zealously into a movement for establish ing a reform school, for girls at Lancaster, Ms., of which he was app., Mar. 1856, supt. and chaplain. Chaplain of the House of Refuge, Randall s Island, N.Y., since 1863. Also au thor of " Trials of an Inventor ; " " A Half :PEI 702 Century with Juvenile Delinquents," 1869; " Stories from Life; " Sequel to Stories from Life," &c. Peirce, CYRUS, teacher, b. Waltham, Ms., Aug. 15, 1790; d. West Newton, Ms., Apr. 5, I860. H.U. 1810. He taught a private school in Nantucket 2 years ; then studied theology at Cambridge 3 years, and resumed his school at Nantucket. He commenced preaching in 1818; was minister of a Cong, church at North Reading from May, 1819, to May, 1827, but, pre ferring the vocation of a teacher, opened a school at N. Andover ; from 1830 to 1836 he managed a large school at Nantucket ; became principal of its high school in 1837 ; and from 1839 to 1842 was principal of the first Normal School in Amer., at Lexington, Ms. After 2 years of rest, he took charge of the Female Normal School at W. Newton, where he con tinued till his death. He pub. " A Letter on Normal Schools," addressed to Hon. Henry Barnard, 1851 ; and a prize essay on " Crime, its Cause and Cure," 1853. Peirce, GEN. EBENEZER WEAVER, b. Freetown, Ms., 5 Apr. 1822. Descended from Abraham, who was of Plymouth in 1623. Re ceived an academical education, and held vari ous local offices ; was a brig.-gen. of State militia in 1855-61 ; com. three-months troops in Va. in May, 1861 ; app. col. 29th Ms. Regt. 13 Dec. 1861 ; lost an arm at the battle of White-oak Swamp 30 June, 1862 ; was in the battle of Manassas 30 Aug. 1862 ; com. 2d brig. 1st div. 9th army corps, Sept. 1863- Nov. 1864, when he resigned, having served in Ky., Tenn., and Va. App. Aug., 1866, coll. int. rev. 1st dist. Ms. Author of a hist, of the Peirce Family, 8vo, 1870. Peirce, THOMAS, poet, and merchant of Cincinnati, b. Chester Co., Pa., Aug. 4, 1786; d. Cin. 1850. Losing his father at an early age, he supported himself by various labors ; taught a school in Phila. ; and in 1813 went to Cincinnati. In 1821 he contrib. a series of satirical odes to the Western Spy, entitled " Horace in Cincinnati," collected and pub. 1 822. In 1 825 a second satirical series appeared in the National Republican, entitled " Billy Moody." His " Muse of Hesperia," pub. in 1823, is his chief work. He wrote a number of prize-poems, and contribs. to literary jour nals. Poets and Poetry of the West. Peirce, WILLIAM, an early shipmaster in N.E. ; killed at Providence, one of the Baha mas, in 1641. He was master of " The Ann " iu 1623, afterward of "The Mayflower" and " The Lyon," and was shipwrecked in Va. in 1633. In 1638 he carried captive Pequot Indi ans for sale to the W. Indies, and brought back negro slaves from Tortugas, the first slave-traffic in N.E. Author of the first alma nac printed in the Eng. Amer. Colonies (Camb. 1639). Peirson, MRS. LYDIA JANE (WHEELER), b. Middletown, Ct. Many years a resident of Tioga Co., Pa. ; has contrib. prose and poetry to the Southern Lit. Messenger, the New - Yorker, and other periodicals. Author of " Forest- Leaves and other Poems," 1845 ; and the "For est-Minstrel," 1847. Allibone. Peissner, ELIAS, instructor, col. 119th N.Y. Vols. ; fell at Chancellorsville, Va., Maj 2, 1863; b. Vilseck, Bavaria, 1826. Grad. at Munich, where he studied philos. and law, and came to Amer. in 1849. Prof, of modern lan guages at Un. Coll. Author of a " German Grammar," " German Literature/ " Romaic Languages," "The Amer. Question," 1861 ; " Lectures on Political Economy ; " " Elements of the English Language ;" address at the great Turner Festival, Albany, June 28, 1858. Pelby, ROSALIE (FRENCH), actress, b. Kin- derhook, N.Y., Mar. 17, 1793; d. on the pas sage from San Francisco to N.Y. June, 1855. From her father, the capt. of a North -River sloop, she inherited much personal beauty. Her education was limited; but she had "a strong mind, and great perceptive faculties. She was early m. to an English agent, a Mi- Brown, by whom she had one child, the late Mrs. Anderson, an actress of great merit. Left a widow a few years after, she m. in Bal timore Mr. Wm. Pelby, the well-known tra gedian and manager ; thence she came to Boston, and was wrecked on her passage in the great Sept. gale of 1815. She made her first appearance at the Federal-st. Theatre, Boston, as a chorus-singer, in 1813, but rapidly rose to a high position as an actress, and in some char acters had no superior, and in others no equal, on the Amer. stage. In 1847, with Mrs. An derson, she started for Eng. on a professional tour, but was wrecked on the passage, and re turned to Boston. Apr. 1, 1853, she received a farewell benefit at the National Theatre, and went to California, where, after acting a while, she opened an exhibition of wax statuary, in the manuf. of which she had great taste, and which she had also exhibited in Boston. She was an ornament to her profession ; and her charities were numerous. Her husband (b. Boston, Mar. 16, 1793), after being many years proprietor and manager of the National Thea tre, Boston, d. May 28, 1850. Her dau. Julia Pelby, also an actress, m. James Pearson of San Francisco. Pelham, HERBERT, one of the founders of Ms., and a connection of the family raised in 1756 to the dukedom of Newcastle, b. Lincoln Co., Eng., 1602 ; d. Suffolk, Eng., June, 1673. Magd. Coll., Oxf., 1619. He was one of the Ms. Company in Eng. in 1629 ; came to Ms. in 1638, and settled in Cambridge; was an assist, in 1645- 9 ; and a commiss. of the United Colonies of N.E. in making a treaty with the Narragansett and Niantick Indians in 1646; in 1649 he returned to Eng., and engaged in the formation of a society for the religious instruction of the Indians. First treas. H. Coll. 1643. His dau, Penelope m. the second Gov. Winslow. Pell, ROBERT CONGER, of New York, h. 1835; d. Interlachen, Switzerland, 1868. Au thor of " The Companion," 1850 ; " Milledul- cia," 1857 ; and contribs. to periodicals. Pemberton, the name of a philanthropic Quaker family of Phila. PHINEAS, the grand father of ISRAEL, JAMES, and JOHN, came over with Penn, and settled near the Falls of Del. ISRAEL his grandson, a man of eloquence and liberality, devoted the latter part of his life tc acts of benevolence, especially to the Indians. He d. Phila. 1779, a. 63. JOHN, the youngest, 703 "an eminent example of devotion and self- denial as a gospel minister," d. Pyrmont, Westphalia, ab. 1795, a. 66. JAMES, b. 1724, d. 9 Feb. 1809, was one of the last of his sect who held a seat in the legisl., and succeeded Franklin as pres. of the Society for the Aboli tion of Slavery, 1790-1800. He pub. atPhila., in 1757, "An Apology for the People called Quakers," &c. Portfolio, 1809. Pemberton, EBENEZER, minister " Old South Ch.," Boston, from Aug. 28, 1700, to his d. Feb. 13, 1717. Bapt. Boston, Feb. 11, 1672. H.U. 1691. Son of James, one of the founders of that church. Tutor and fellow of H.U. He pub. a number of occas. sermons, three prefatory epistles, &c., 1701-1 1 ; pub. col lectively in 1727, 8vo. The Election Sermon of 1710 was highly esteemed. Spraque. Pemberton, EBEXEZER, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1770), clergyman, b. Boston, 1704; d. there Sept. 9, 1779. H.U. 1721. Son of the pre ceding. He was chaplain at Castle William; Aug. 9, 1727 was called by the First Presb. Church, New York; dismissed in 1753; and installed in the new brick church (Old North), Boston, Mar. 6, 1754, where he remained until it was closed by the Revol. in 1775. Though one of the most popular preachers of his time, his friendship for Gov. Hutchinson, one of his flock, caused an imputation of loyalty, and created difficulties in the church. He pub. "Sermons on Several Subjects/ 8vo, 1738; "Practical Discourses," 12mo, 1741 ; "Salva tion by Grace through Faith," 8 sermons, 8vo, 1774; and 9 occasional sermons, 1731-71. Pemberton, JOHN C., gen. C.S.A., b. Phila. ab. 1818. West Point, 1837. Entering the 4th Art., he served in the Florida war; became 1st Ikut. Mar. 19, 1842; aide-de-camp to Gen. Worth during the Mexican war ; brev. capt. and maj. (for gallantry at Monterey and at Molino del Rev) Sept. 8, 1847 ; disting. also at Contreras and Churubusco, and at the cap ture of the city of Mexico, where he was wounded; capt. 16 Sept. 1850; and resigned Apr. 29, 1861. He entered the Confed. service as a col. of cavalry and assist, adj. -gen. to Joe Johnston; brig.-gen. 1862; was subsequently made a lieut.-gen. ; com. the army opposed to that of Gen. Grant in N.E. Mpi. ; and was de feated at. Champion Hills 16 May, 1863. In trusted with the com. of Vicksburg, he made a gallant defence, but was compelled to surrender ro Gen. Grant, July 4, 1863. He resigned his com., and at the close of the war was inspector of artillery, commanding at Charleston. Pemberton, THOMAS, historian, b. Bos ton, 1728; d. there July 5, 1807. A merchant. He contributed largely to the " Colls." of the Ms. Hist. Society, of which he was a member, and at his death left to it all his MSS. His " Chronol ogy of Ms.," in 5 MS. volumes, was made great use of by Dr. Holmes. His journal of the Re vol war is in " Hist. Colls.," vol. ii. Pender, WILLIAM D., gen. C.S.A., b. N.C. 1833; killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. West Point, 1854. Entering the 4th Art., he was transferred to the 1st Dragoons, 3 March, 1855, and was disting. in several conflicts with Indians in Washington Terr, in Sept. 1858, and in Oregon in 1860; resigned 21 March, 1861. Joining the Con feds, early in 1861, he rose rapidly from col. to major-gen. (May 20, 1863), and led a division in Gen. Hill s corps at the battle of Gettysburg. Pendergrast, GARRETT J., capt. U.S.N., b. Ky. Dec. 5, 1802; d. Phila. Nov. 7, 1862. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1812; lieut. Mar. 3, 1821 ; com. 1841; capt. May 24, 1855; flag-officer of the home squadron in 1860 ; and, at the com mencement of the civil war, protected the im portant harbor of Hampton Roads. Pendleton, EDMUND, statesman, b. Caro line Co., Va., Sept. 9, 1721 ; d. Richmond, Va., Oct. 23, 1803. His grandfather Philip emig. from Norwich, Eng., ab. 1674. He had few educational advantages, but at 21 was adm. to practise law. Entering the h. of burgesses in 1752, he became a leading mem ber, and at the period of the Revol. was speaker ; in 1764 he was one of the com. to memorialize the king ; member of the com. of corresp. in 1773; presiding magistrate and county lieut. of Caroline Co. in 1774; member of Cong, in 1774-5; pres. of the Va. convs. of Dec. 1775, and of May, 1776 ; and drew up the resolutions instructing the delegates of Va. to propose in Cong, a decl. of indep. As the representative of the conservatives, he was the opponent of Patrick Henry, the great popular leader. He was the head of the com. of safety during the early part of the war, the body which controlled the military and naval operations as well as the foreign corresp. of Va. On the organiza tion of the State, he was chosen speaker of the house, and app., with Wythe and Jefferson, to revise the col. laws. He was crippled for life by a fall from his horse in March, 1777. Was again elected speaker and pres. of the Chancery Court; and in 1779 pres. of the Court of Ap peals. In 1788 he presided over the conv. which adopted the U. S. Constitution. His masterly advocacv of this great national com pact gained for him this high encomium from Jefferson : " Taken all in all, he was the ablest man in debate I ever met with." App. judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of Va. in 1789, but de clined; in 1798, when a rupture with France was imminent, he pub. a pamphlet protesting against a war with a sister republic. Pendleton, GEORGE H., lawyer and poli tician, b. Cincinnati, July 25, 1825. Son of N. G. Pendleton. Member of the Ohio senate in 1854-5; M.C. 1855-61 and 1863-5; Democ. nominee for vice-pres. in 1864, he received 21 votes out of 233 ; candidate for gov. of Ohio in 1869, but was defeated. Pendleton, HENRY, jurist, b. Va. ab. 1 750, d. S.C. Jan. 1789. Emigrating to S.C., he was made a judge in April, 1776. In 1780, when the British overran the State, he joined the patriot forces, and fought at Eutaw. Re suming his seat on the bench in 1782, he originated the County-Court Act of S.C. ; one of 3 judges app. to revise the laws of the State in 1785, and in 1788 a member of the conv. which ratified the U.S. Constitution. Pendleton, MAJOR NATHANIEL, Revol. soldier and judge ; d. New York, Oct. 20, 1 821 . Entering the army in 1775, he became aide to Gen. Greene, and received the thanks of Cong, for gallantry at Eutaw Springs. He was after- 704 ward a prominent lawyer and judge in N.Y. His son NATHANIEL GREENE, b. Savannah, Aug. 1793, d. June 16, 1861. Col. Coll. 1813. Aide-de-camp to Gen. Gaines in 1813- 16; member of the Ohio senate 1825-6; M.C. 1 840-2. Father of George H. Pendleton. WILLIAM NELSON, brig. -gen. C.S.A., and Prot.-Epis. clergyman, b. Va. West Point, 1830. Assist, prof, of math, at W.P. 1831-2; resigned lieutenancy 4th Art. 31 Oct. 1833; prof. Bristol Coll., Pa., 1833, and in Del. Coll., Newark, Del., 1837-8 ; Prot.- Ep. clergyman 1837-61 ; rector of Ep. Diocesan School, Alexandria, Va., 1839-44 ; capt. of battery in Joe Johnston s army in July, 1861 ; col. of reserve art. at Manassas 1863; chief of art., Army of the Valley, and surrendered with Lee, 9 Apr. 1865. Author of" Science a Witness for the Bible," 1860. Penhallow, SAMUEL, b. Cornwall, Eng., July 2, 1665; d. Portsmouth, N.H., Dec. 2, 1726. He came to this country in 1686, and settled at Portsmouth, N.H., where he was a judge of the Superior Court in 1714, and chief justice from 1717 till his death. Several years treasurer of the province. His wife was Mary, dau. of Pres. Cutt. Author of " Indian Wars of N. E. from 1703 to 1726," printed 1726, reprinted in "N.H. Hist. Colls." Penillgton, JOHN, M.D., physician, b. 1768; d. of yellow-fever 1793. He studied in Europe ; began practice at Phila. in 1 792. Pub. in 1790 " Chemical and Economical Essays," 8vo ; and " Inaug. Dissert, on Fermentation." Penington, JOHN, b. Monmouth Co.,N. J., 1799; d. Mar. 1 8, 1 867. Descended from Isaac, an eminent Quaker writer and preacher. Has pub. " An Exam, of B. Plantagenet s Descrip. of New Albion," 8vo, Phila. 1840; "Scraps, Osteologic and Archaeological," 8vo, 1841. Editor of Denton s New York, Phila. 8vo, 1845. Allibone. Penn, JOHN, gov. of Pa. 1763-71, 1773-5 ; grandson of Wm. Penn ; b. Eng. 1728 ; d. Feb. 1795. Firs-t visited Pa. 1753. By d. of his father, Richard, in 1771, he inher. one-third of the Prov ince, his uncle Thomas owning the remainder. Though sympathizing in some degree with the colonists in their struggle with Great Britain, after the overthrow of royal author., he incurred the suspicion of Cong., who ordered him into confinement ; but he was released on parole, and rem. at his res. in Buck s Co. until his d. The Penn estate was the largest forfeited in Amer. Penn, JOHN, a signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Caroline Co., Va., May 17, 1741 ; d. Sept. 1 783. His education was deficient, but possess ing genius and eloquence of a high order, and having read law with Edmund Pendleton, who was a relative, he was adm. to the bar at the age of 21, where his forensic efforts were remark able for their force and pathos. In 1774 he removed to Greenville Co., N.C. ; and was a member Cont. Congress, Sept. 8, 1775-6, and 1778-80. When Cornwallis invaded N.C., he was placed in charge of public affairs, and acquitted himself with great credit In 1784 he was app. receiver of taxes for the State of N.C. Penn, RICHARD, bro. of John, gov. of Pa. in 1771-3; d. Eng. May 27, 1811, a. 77. Unlike his bro., he held intercourse with the members of Congress ; won general confidence by his liberal course; and when, in 1775, he embarked for Eng., he was intrusted with the second petition of Congress to the king; after his arrival at Lond., he was examined in the h. of lords as to American affairs. While John Penn was gov., Richard was a member of his council, and naval officer of Pa. He was a fine, portly looking man, and a popular governor. His widow died London 1 829, a. 73. Penn, THOMAS, last surviving son of Win., the founder of Pa., b. Mar. 8, 1702; d. Lond. March 21, 1775. In 1741 he left the province, and went to Eng., and in 1 746 succeeded, on the death of his bro. John, to the proprietary share previously owned by him. He had the principal direction of its affairs for half a cen tury ; was a principal founder of the college at Phila. ; and the Hospital, Library, and other lit erary, charitable, and religious societies shared his bounty. His wife was a dau. of the Earl of Pomfret. His son GRENVILLE wrote the Life of his great-grandfather, Admiral William Penn. Another son, JOHN, LL.D., was author of critical, poetical, and dramatic works. Penn, WILLIAM, founder of Pennsylvania, b. Lond. 14 Oct. 1644; d. Rushcourt, 30 July, 1718. Son of Adm. Penn. While a student at Oxford, he became deeply impressed by the preaching of Thomas Loe the Quaker. For a violation of the laws of the university, Penn and some of his associates were expelled. His father, a proud and ambitious man, finding him firm in his convictions of duty, befit him, and turned him out of doors : relenting, however, he sent his son to Paris ; whence he returned, skilled in the language and polite accomplish ments of the French. He studied law at Lin coln s Inn, but in 1666 went to Ireland to manage an estate of his father s. He acquired military renown as a vol. at the siege of Car- rickfergus, and caused himself to be painted in military costume. Curiously enough, this is the only genuine portrait of the great apostle of peace. He soon after joined the Quakers ; and, at a meeting at Cork in 1 767, he was ar rested and taken to prison, but, on application to the Earl of Orrery, was soon released. Ab. 1668 he began to preach, and, for writing "The Sandy Foundation Shaken," was for months confined in the Tower, where he wrote his cele brated work, " No Cross, No Crown," and a vindication of himself, entitled " Innocency with her Open Face." Liberated by the influ ence of his father, to whom he was soon after wards reconciled, he was in 1670 arrested for street-preaching, committed to Newgate, and tried at the Old Bailey. He pleaded his own cause, and was acquitted, but was detained in prison, and the jury were fined. His father again liberated him, and, dying soon afterward, left him a large fortune, and an admonition not to wrong his conscience. While imprisoned in Newgate, he wrote " The Great Case of Liber ty of Conscience," and some other religious tracts. He also wrote "England s Present In terest Considered," 1674, a most able defence of freedom of conscience and the rights of Englishmen. In 1672 he m. Gulielma Maria Springe tt, who, after his death, m. Isaac Pen ington. In 1677, Penn, with Barclay and oth- FEIN" 705 PER ers, preached in Holland and Germany; in 1676 he became concerned in the settlement of West Jersey, drew up a constitution, and invit ed settlers ; in 1680 he obtained from the king, in payment of a claim of his father s estate, a patent for Pennsylvania, for which, aided by Algernon Sidney and others, he drew up a masterly scheme of govt. He then pub. "A Brief Account of the Province of Pa.," propos ing the easy purchase of lands, and good terms to settlers thereon. Having established a govt. allowing perfect liberty of conscience, Penn visited his province, arriving in Delaware Bay 27 Oct. 1682. Ab. the end of Nov. was held tlvj famous treaty with the Indians ; and he founded Phila., the " city of brotherly love." Committing the govt. to a provis. council, he returned to Eng. in Aug. 1684. Through his influence with James II., who had been his fa ther s firm friend, he obtained in 1686 the lib eration of over 1,200 imprisoned Quakers, and aided in procuring in 1687 the " Toleration Act." After the accession of William III., in 1 633, Penn, having incurred suspicion on ac count of his intimacy with James, was tried for treason, but was honorably acquitted. He made in 1699-1701 a second visit to America. He was committed to the Fleet Prison for debt in 1708, where he remained a long time, but was at length released by the intervention of friends. Worn out, at length, with the inces sant labors and cares of a life spent almost wholly in. the service of others, he died of paralysis. The charge of Macaulay, that Penn dishonorably implicated himself in his support of James II., was replied to by Hepworth Dix- on in his Biography of Penn in 1851. See Lives of Penn by S. Janney, 1852; Clarkson, 1813; I/. MassiUac, 1791; Jacob Post, 1850; and \Veems, 1829; Corresp. between W. Penn and James Logan, with Notes ty Mrs. Deborah Logan, ed. by Armstrong, 8vo. Pennington, WILLIAM, gov. of N.J. 1837-43, b. Newark, N.J., 4 Ma v, 1796; d. there Feb. 16, 1862. N. J. Coll. 1813. Son of Wm. S. He became a prominent lawyer, and chancellor of the State; U.S. dist. clerk 1815- 26 ; app. gov. of Minnesota by Pres. Taylor, but declined that, and also an app. as one of the judges to settle claims under the Mexican treaty; M.C. 1859-61; chosen speaker of the house in Feb. 1860, after a long and severe con test. He was a Whig, and finally a Republi can, in politics. Pennington, WILLIAM S., gov. of N.J. 1813-15, b. 1757; d. Newark, N. J., Sept. 17, 1826. Adm. to the bar 1802; member of the legi<l. ; app. assoc. justice Sup. Court of N. J. 28 Feb. 1804 ; judge U.S. Dist. Court 1815-26. Maj. 2d N.J. Art. in Revol war. Chancellor of N. J. Author of N. J. Sup. Court Reports 1803-16, Svo, 1825. N. E. H. and G.Reg. 1870. Pennock, ALEXANDER M., commodore U.S.N., b. Va. Nov. 1, 1813. Midshipm. Apr. 1, 1828; lieut. Mar. 25, 1839 ; com. Dec. 15, 1855 ; capt. Jan. 2, 1863 ; commo. May 6, 1868. Com. steamer " Southern Star," Brazil squad, and Paraguay exped., 1859-60; fleet- capt. Mpi. squadron 1862-4, gaining a repu tation for executive ability of the highest or der. Com. "Franklin " (flag-ship). European squad., 1868-9; ci. i orchiu., JS. H., Sep. 20, 76 Pennock, CASPAR WISTAR, M.D., phy- sician, b. 1800; d. Howellville, Del. Co., Pa., 16 Apr. 1867. Some time physician to the Phila. Hospital. Author of a valuable work on diseases of the heart. Penny, VIRGINIA, b. Louisville, Ky., 1826. Grad. Steubenville Female Sera. Author of " The Employments of Woman," 12mo, 1862 "500 Employments adapted to Women," 12mo 1868; "Think and Act, or Men and Wo men ; " " Work and Wages," 12mo, 1869. A/libone. Pennypacker, GEN. GALUSHA, b. Valley Forge, Pa. Private 9th Pa. Vols. Apr. 1861*; maj. 97th, Oct. 1861 ; engaged in Florida and Charleston karbor; wounded at Drury s Bluff, Va.,May, 1864; col. Aug. 1864 ; engaged on the James River and in front of Petersburg to Sept. 1864; com. brigade in 10th corps, and wound ed, at Fort Harrison, Va., and in the action of Darbytown Road, Va. ; com. 2d brig. 2d divis ion, 24th corps, and severely wounded, at cap ture of Fort Fisher, for which brevetted brig.- gen. U.S.A. ; and brev. maj. -gen. for gallant and merit, services during the war ; col. 34th U.S. Inf. July 28, 1866; transf. to 16th Inf. 15 Mar. 1869. Henri/. Pepperrell, SIR WILLIAM, bart, soldier, b. Kittery Point, Me., June 27, 1696; d. there July 6, 1759. Of Welsh origin. Wm. his fa ther came to N.E. as apprentice to a fisher man. The son, originally a merchant, pos sessed those characteristics of body and mind which fitted him for a military career, in which, in a country exposed to Indian hostility, he at tained distinction. Member of the council from 1727 till his death, and was app. chief justice of the C.C.P. in 1730. He com. the exped. which captured Louisburg. June 16, 1745, for which he was in 1746 made a baro net. Visiting Eng. in 1749, he was made a col. in the British army; became maj.-gen. in 1755, and lieut.-gen. 1759. He was for 30 years one of the commiss. to treat with the Eastern Indians ; and, as pres. of the council, was acting gov. of Ms. from the death of Phipps, in Mar. 1756, until the arrival of Pownall in 1758. He pub. "Conference with the Penob- scot Tribe," Boston, Svo, 1753. His grandson WILLIAM P. SPARHAWK (H. U. 1766) d. Lond. Dec. 17, 1816, a. 70; assumed his name, and was created a bart. Oct. 29, 1774. He was a loyalist, and the vast Pepperrell estates were in 1778 confiscated. He was allowed 500 by the British govt. One of the founders of the British and Foreign Bible Society. See Par sons s Life of Sir \Vm. Pepperrell. Perce, ELBERT, b. New York 1831. Au thor of " Gulliver Joe," 1851-3; "Old Karl the Cooper," 1854 ; " The Last of his Name ; " " The Battle Roll," an encyclop. of battles and sieges, 8vo, 1857-8; novels transl. from the Swedish of E. F. Carlen. Percival, JAMES GATES, M.D., poet and geologist, b. Berlin, Ct., Sept. 15, 1795; d. Ha- zelgrove, Wis., May 2, 1856. Y. Coll. 1815, where his tragedy of "Zamora" formed a part of the commencement-exercises. In 1820, hav ing finished his med. studies, he commenced PER 706 PER practice at Charleston, S.C., where he pub. the first of the three numbers of his " Clio;" in 1821 " Prometheus and other Poems ; " and in 1822 another vol. of poems, and became one of the most popular of American poets. Assist, sur geon in the army 1824; and was stationed at West Point as lecturer on chemistry, but re signed in a few months, and was made surgeon in connection with the recruiting-service in Boston. Here he contrib. frequently to the U. S. Lit. Gazette, and edited an edition of Knox s "Elegant Extracts." In 1827 he re moved to N. Haven, and pub. a third vol. of poetry, and a final vol. in 1843, entitled " The Dream of a Day, and other Poems ; " in 1834 he pub. an edition of Malte Brim s Geography, with annotations and additions; in 1835, in conjunction with Charles U. Shepard, he was app. to make a geolog. and mineral, survey of Ct., the report of which was pub. in 1842. Dr. Percival was partial to philological stud ies, and had a critical knowledge of many of the modern languages of Europe. He spent two years in assisting Noah Webster to com pile his quarto Dictionary. In 1854 he was app. State geologist of Wis. ; and at the time of his death held the office of State geologist in 111. His 1st 111. Report was pub. in 1855. He was a man of scholarly tastes and eccentric habits. A coll. of his poems was pub. Boston, I860, 2 vols. Percival, JOHN, capt. U.S.N., b. Barn- stable, Ms., Apr. 3, 1779; d Dorchester, Ms., Sept. 17, 1862. Quitting the merchant-service, he entered the navy as sailing-master, March 6, 1809; became lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; master March 3, 1831 ; capt. Sept. 8, 1841. He dis played daring and intrepidity in the capture of the British tender " Eagle" off New York, and skill and good conduct in the engagement between " The Peacock " and " Epervier " Apr. 29, 1814. His last cruise was in " The Constitution" in 1843-7. His professional skill was of the highest order, and he was a strict disciplinarian. " Mad Jack," as the sailors called him, was rough in his manners, and very eccentric. Percy, EARL HUGH, duke of Northum berland, a British gen., b. Aug. 25, 1742; d. July 10, 1817. Entering the army very youn^, he first saw service under Prince Ferdinand in Germany. Though he did not approve of the Amer. war, he offered his services, and com. as a brigadier in 1775-6. He led the timely re-enforcement, which, Apr. 19, 1775, prevented the destruction of Col. Smith s command, on the day of the Lexington battle. He was not present at the battle of Bunker s Hill; but in Nov. 1776 contrib. to the reduction of Fort Washington, the column led by him being the first to enter the American lines. He succeed ed to the barony of Percy on the death of his mother in Dec. 1776; returned to Eng., and succeeded to the dukedom June 6, 1786. Perez, JOSE JOAQUIN, Chilian statesman, b. Santiago de Chili 1801. Sec. of legation in France 1829-31 ; min.-plenipo. to Buenos Ayres 1832; subsequently dep. to Congress, councillor of state, minister of finance (1844), of the interior, of foreign affairs (1849) ; pres. of the chamber of deputies, and pres. of the senate ; elected pres. of the Republic of Chili 7 Sept. 1861; re-elected 24 July, 1866, for the term ending 1871. Per ham, SIDNEY, gov. Me. 1870-1 ; M.C. 1863-9; b. Woodstock, Me., 27 Mar. 1819. Farmer and teacher until 1852; member of the board of agric. 1852-4 ; member and speaker ofthelegisi. 1855; county clerk of Oxford 1858 and 1861. Perkins, ELISHA, physician, b. Norwich, Jan. 16, 1741 ; d. New York, Sept. 6, 1799. Ed ucated for the profession by his father Dr. Jo seph in Plainfield, and possessed remarkable, endowments of body and mind. He made great sacrifices in establishing and supporting an acad. at Plainfield, and other useful improve ments there. Ab. 1796 he invented the " Me tallic Tractors." These were brass and iron pins, applied first to the cure of gout, rheuma tism, and analogous disorders, and attracted great attention for a time, but soon fell into disuse, being attacked as an imposture by men of science. He invented an antiseptic medicine, and, to test its efficacy against yel low-fever, went to New York during its pre valence in 1799, and fell a victim to that dis- Perkins, GEORGE ROBERTS, LL.D. (Ham, Coll. 1852), mathematician and astronomer, b. Otsego Co., N. Y., May 3, 1812. Principally self-educated. He taught mathematics at the "Liberal Institute," Clinton, N.Y., in 1831-8; became principal of the Utica Acad. ; prof, of math, in the State Normal School in 1844-8, and principal in 1848-52. He soon after su perintended the erection of the Dudley Observa tory; and in 1858 was app. dep. State eng., and surveyor of the State of N.Y. Author of a scries of mathematical text-books, including arithmetics; "Treatise on Algebra," 1841; " Elements of Algebra," 1844; "Elements of Geometry," 1847; "Trigonometry and Sur- yeying/ 1851 ; " Plane and Solid Geometry," 1854 ; also a text-book on astron. He contrib. to many scientific periodicals ; d. Auir. 22, 76. Perkins, JACOB, inventor, b. Newbury- port, Ms., July 9, 1766; d. London, July 30, 1849. At the age of 15 he carried on the busi ness of a goldsmith in his native town, also inventing a method of plating shoe-buckles, then universally worn ; at 21 he made dies for the mint ; at 24 he invented the machine for cutting and heading nails at one operation, and invented steel plates for bank-notes which it was supposed could not be counterfeited. He resided some time in Boston and New York ; went to Phila. in 1815, and in 1818 to En::., where he received a generous patronage, and was employed in perfecting engines and ma chines to he worked by steam-power, and car- ritd on a large manuf. in Lond. for many years. He also originated the process of transferring engravings from one steel plate to another; invented the steam-gun ; the bathometer, for compressing water; and the plcomcter, to mark the speed with which a vessel moves. Many of his inventions were rewarded by the gold and silver medals of the Society of Arts, Lon don. Perkins, JAMES HAND AS YD, author, b. Boston, July 31, 1810; d. Cincinnati, Dec. 14, 07 1 849. Son of Samuel G., and nephew of Thos. H. Perkins, in whose counting-room he was a clerk in 1828-30. After a tour to Eng. and the W. Indies, he settled in Cincinnati in 1832, \vhere he studied law, which he soon abandoned for literature. He contrib. to the Western Monthly Maq.., and edited the Evening Chronicle and Cin cinnati Mirror. After the failure of his publisher, he became in 1839 minister at Iarg6, a mission of benevolence to which he devoted the rest of his life. Pastor of the Cincinnati Unitarian Society in 1841-7. He also identified tmnself with the cause of prison discipline and reform, and gave much attention to education. First pres. of the Cin. Hist. Soc. in 1844, and was afterward vice-pres. of that of Ohio. He pub. "Annals of the West," 8vo, 1847 ; a series of hist, sketches of that region in the N. A. Review from ^1 839 to 1847, and Digest of the Const. Opinions of Judge Marshall, and contrib. val uable- hist, papers on the West to the N. Y. Review. In a fit of depression he drowned himself in the Ohio. See W. II. Channing s coll. of his Writings, 2 vols. 12mo, 1851. Perkins, JONATHAN COGSWELL, b. Ips wich, Ms., Nov. 21, 1809. Phillips And. Acacl. ; Amh. Coll. 1832. He studied at the Camb. Law School; was adm. to the bar in 1835; practised law successfully 13 years, when he became judge of the C. C. P. of Ms. ; State senator 1846-8. He edited and annotated Pickering s "Reports," vols. 2-10; Chitty s " Crim. Law," 3 vols. 1836 ; Chitty on "Con tracts," 1839; Jarman on "Wills," 1845; Abbot on " Shipping," 1 846 ; Daniell s " Chan cery Practice," 3 vols. 1846; Collyer on "Partnership," 1848, &c. ; and has in press a treatise on "Arbitrations and Awards." Ed. with T. Metcalf and G. T. Curtis of Digest of Decis. of the Courts of Com. Law and Admi ralty^ 6 vols. 1854-6. Now (1871) practises law in Salem. Perkins, JUSTIN, D.D., missionary to the Nestorians, b. West Springfield, Ms., Mar. 12, 1S05 ; d. Chicopee, Dec. 31, 1869. Amh. Coll. 1829. He passed his youth on his father s farm ; was a teacher and tutor at Amherst ; was app. to the Nestorian mission in Jan. 1833, and established himself at Oroomiah in Nov. 1834, where he established schools, and trans lated portions of the Scriptures into the Syriac tongue. In 1841 he visited this country, accom. by Mar Yohannan, the Nestorian bishop. In Aug. 1869, worn out by his toils, he came home to die. Author of " Eight Years in Persia," &c., 8vo, 1843; "Missionary Life in Persia," &c., 1861. Perkins, NATHAN, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1801 ), minister of W. Hartford from 1772 to his d. Jan. 18, 1838; b. Lisbon, Ct., May 14, 1749. N. J. Coll. 1770. He pub. a vol. of sermons 1795, Four Letters on the Anabaptists 1793, a sermon on his 60th anniv., many pieces in the Ct. Evangel. Mag., and several* occas. ser mons. His son NATHAN (Y.C. 1795) was minister of the Second Cong. Ch., Amherst, from 1810 to his d. Mar. 1842, a. 65. Sprague. Perkins. SAMUEL, lawyer and historian, b. Lisbon, Ct., 1767; d. Sept. 1850. Y.C. 17S5. Educated for the ministry, he was li censed and preached, but afterward practised law in Windham. Author of a " History of the Late War," 8vo, 1825; "Hist. Sketches of the U.S. 1815-30," 12mo, 1830; "Gen. Jackson in the Seminole War," 8vo, 1S*28 ; " The World as it Is," 12mo, 5th ed., 1840. Perkins, SAMUEL E., b. Brattleborough, Vt., 1811. Author of " Digest of Decis. Sup. Ct. of Ind.," 8vo, 1858 ; "Pleadings and Prac tice under the Code of Ind.," 8vo, 1859. Perkins, COL. THOMAS HANDASYD, a pbilanthropic merchant of Boston, b. Boston, Dec. 15, 1764; d. there Jan. 11, 1854. He commenced his commercial life in partnership with his elder bro. James, who was a resident of St. Domingo when the insurrection of the blacks occurred, and was compelled to flee for his life. In 1789 he went as supercargo to Batavia and Canton, and obtained a thorough acquaintance with the Oriental trade. The bros. afterwards embarked in the trade to the north-west coast, Canton and Calcutta, in which they acquired great wealth. Soon after the death of James, in 1822, Col. Perkins re tired from active business. The Perkins fami ly gave over $60,000 to the Boston Athenasum. He took a prominent part in the erection of the Bunker-hill Monument, and gave his es tate in Pearl St., valued at $40,000, for the use of the Asylum for the Blind. He was also in 1827 the projector of the Quincy Railway, the first in the U.S. Subsequently he was much interested in urging forward the comple tion of the Washington Monument ; and was also the largest contrib. to the Merc. Lib. Assoc. For many years he represented Bos ton in both branches of the State legisl. ; and, during the war of 1812, he was disting. as a strenuous opponent of Madison s administra tion. Perrein, JEAN, naturalist, b. France, 1749; d. New York, 1805. Member of the Bordeaux Society of sciences and belles-let tres. He explored Africa and most of the W. I. islands, and spent several months in New York. In Sonnini s edition ofBuffbn s Nat. Hist., credit is given to Perrein for many valuable contribs. to^that work. Perrine, MATTHEW LA RUE, D.D. (Allegh. Coll. 1818), b. Monmouth Co., N. J., 4 May, 1777 ; d. Auburn, N.Y., Feb. 11, 1836. N. J. Coll. 1797. Pastor of the Presb. Ch., Bottle Hill, N. J., 1802-11 ; of Spring-st. Ch., New York, 1811-20; prof, of eccl. hist, and ch. polity (and for 2 years of theol. also) in Auburn Theol. Sem. from 1821 to his d. Au thor of "Plan of Salvation/ 1816; " Abstract of Biblical Geog.," 8vo, 1835. Sprague. Perrot, NICHOLAS, trader, discoverer of the lead mines on the River DCS Moines, Iowa. Was a man of talent and education. Repair ing at an early period to the Indian country, he soon learned the Algonquin languages. On returning to Quebec in 1665 with a party of Ottawas, he accomp. St. Lusson to the Falls of St. Mary as interpreter; in 1684 he was em ployed by De La Barre in bringing the West ern tribes to his assistance against the Iro- quois ; and in 1687 did the like service for Denonville. He was several years Indian agent, and in 1597 was on the point of being 703 IPET burned by the Miarnis, and saved only by the Outagamis, by whom he was much beloved. Under De Vaudreuil he was interpreter, and addressed to him a memoir respecting the Western country. He had a fort on Lake Pepin ; had travelled over most of New France ; and left an interesting manuscript ac count of the manners and customs of the In dians, from which M. De La Potherie borrowed largely for his " Histoire de rAmfrique." Charlevoix also acknowledges his indebtedness to him. O Callaghan. Perry, AMOS, teacher and author, b. Natick, Ms., 12 Aug. 1812. H.U. 1837. Son of Elijah and Mary (Jones) Perry. He was first principal of the Young Ladies High School, N. London, Ct. ; and was many years, and until 1859, a teacher in Providence, R.I., being also a vice-pres. of the Amer. Inst. of Instruction; consul to Tunis in 1862-7, and, having carefully examined the site of Ancient Carthage, embodied the result of his researches in a vol. of 560 pages, 8vo, pub. in 1869. He has been a frequent contrih. to the public journals, and is a member of several learned societies. Perry, ARTHUR LATHAM, prof, of hist, and polit. economy Wms. Coll., b. Lyme, N.H., 1830. Wms. Coll. 1852. Author of " Elements of Polit. Econ.," 8vo, 1866. Perry, CHRISTOPHER RAYMOND, capt. U.S.N., b. R.I. 1760; d. Newport, June 8, 1818. He served with distinction in the Re- vol. navy ; was in the hard-fought action of "The Watt" and "The Trumbull ; " and was for some months confined in the Jersey Prison-ship; post-capt. Jan. 7, 1798. April 3, 1801, the navy was nearly disbanded; and Capt. Perry was app. coll. of Newport. His 5 sons (Oliver H., Raymond H., Mathew C., James A., and Nathl. H.), all officers of the navy, disting. themselves during the war of 1812-15. A dau., Anna Maria, m. Capt. Geo. W., son of Com. John Rodgers, and d. N. London, Ct., Dec. 7, 1858, a. 60. Perry, MATHEW CALBRAITH, commo dore U.S.N., b. Newport, R I., 1794 ; d. New York, March 4, 1858. Son of Christopher R., and bro. of O. H. Perry. Midshipm. Jan. 16, 1809; lieut. July 24, 1813; com. March 21, 1826; capt. Feb. 9, 1837. In 1819, in " The Cvane," he fixed the locality of the first settlement of Liberia. In the schooner " Shark " he cruised in the W. Indies in 1821-4, and captured several pirates. He cruised in the Mediterranean in 1800-3; on his return home was actively employed in the Brooklyn navy-yard as supt. of a school for gun practice, and the organization of a steam navy ; in 1838 he was sent to visit the dock yards and lighthouses of Europe; in 1839- 41 he com. the Brooklyn navy-vard; then the African squadron ; com. the Gulf squadron ; and ably co-operated in the siege of Vera Cruz during the Mexican war. He com. the Japan exped. in 1852-4, and negotiated an impor tant treaty with that power, March 21, 1854. An account of the Japan exped. from Perry s Notes, vols. i. and ii. edited by F. L. Hawks, LL.D., vol. iii. ed. by George Jones, A.M., was pub. 1856. Perry, OLIVER HAZARD, commo. U.S.X. b. So. Kingston, R. I., 23 Aug. 1785 ; d. Port Spain, Trinidad, 23 Aug. 1819. Son of Chri; topher R. ; grandson of Judge Freeman Perry, who d. Oct. 1813, a. 82. Midshipm. 7 April, 1799, and served in the Tripolitan war; lieut. 15 Jan. 1807; master-corn. 28 Aug. 1812; had charge of a flotilla of gunboats in N. Y. harbor in 1812; was in Feb. 1813 ordered to Lake On tario to serve under Chauncey, co-operating gallantly, at the head of a body of seamen, in the attack on Fort George ; and was soon after ordered to com. the squadron on Lake Erie. Having equipped a fleet of 9 small vessels, he attacked the British fleet on the morning of Sept. 10, 1813, and gained a complete victory, capturing the enemy s entire squadron. This was the first naval action in which he had been engaged. For this brilliant service he was pro moted to capt. (Sept, 10, 1813), received the thanks of Congress and a medal, and also re ceived similar honors from the senate of Pa. He co-operated with Gen. Harrison in retaking Detroit; and at the battle of the Thames, Oct. 5, 1813. He com. "The Java," in Decatur s squadron in the Mediterranean, in 1815; and in 1819 sailed in " The John Adams " for the W. Indies, where he died of yellow-fever. 18 Sept. 1860 a marble statue by Waleutt was erected with great ceremony at Cleveland, O., near the scene of the battle, to the memory of Com. Perry. See Life of Perry by A. S. Mackenzie. Perry, WILLIAM STEVENS, D.D. (Amh. Coll.),Pr.-Ep. clergyman and author, b. Provi dence, R.I., 1832. H.U. 1854. Ord. deacon 1857; priest 1858; settled at Geneva, N.Y. Author of " Hist. Sketch of the Mission. As- soc. of the Eastern Diocese of Ms.," 1859; with F. L. Hawks, "Journals of the Gen. Conventions of the P. E. Ch.," vol. i. 1861, to be completed in about 8 vols. ; " Bishops Sea- bury and Provost," 8vo, 1862; "Connection of the Ch. of Eng. with Early American Dis covery and Colonization," 8vo, 1863 ; " Docu mentary Annals of the Colonial Church," 4to, vol. i. (Connecticut) ; "Questions on the Life and Labors of the Great Apostle/ 1868 ; " Church man s Year-Book, &c., for 1870," 12mo, Hartf. Contrib. to the Hist. Mag. and other periodi cals, and ed. of papers relating to the Hist, of Va. 1650-1776, 4to, 1870. Person, THOMAS, Revol. patriot of N.C. He strenuously opposed the Stamp Act ; was a violent regulator ; and, for his zeal for liber ty, had his estates ravaged by the Tories. Del egate to the Prov. Assembly 1774-6, and to the convention that formed the State constitution in 1776 ; was app. a brig.-gcn. of militia, April, 1776 ; and represented Granville Co. until 1814 in the State senate. For his liberality to the university a hall was erected at Chapel Hill, which bears his name. A county of N.C. was named for him in 1791. Wheeler. Person, WILLIAM, 1793-1818 (entered of H.U. 1816), attracted attention by his scholar ship, and the fact of his parentage being a mys tery even to himself. In 1820, D". L. Child pub. his "Life, Letters, and Poet, and Misc. Pieces. Allibone. Peter, ROBERT, M.D., prof, of chemistry 709 in Transylv. U. (app. 1837), b. Lancaster, Cora- wall, Eng., 1805. Some years chemical assist. to the gcol. survey of Ky. Author of " History of Lexington, Ky., and of Transylvania Uni versity," 8vo, 1855, introductory to his course of lectures in the medical dept. of the U. Prof. P. was 2 years editor of the Transylv. Jour, of Med., &c. ; contrib. to the Western Lancet and other periodicals. Allibone. Peters, ABSALOM, D.D. (Mid. Coll. 1833), Cong, clergyman and author, b. Went worth, N.H., Sept. 19, 1793; d. New York, May 18, 1S69. Dartm. Coll. 1816; Princeton Sem. 1319. Son of Gen. Absalom (B.C. 1780), a descendant of Wm. of Boston, bro. of the noted Hugh Peters. In 1819 he was a missionary in Northern N.Y.; pastor of the First Church, Bennington, Vt., from July 4, 1820, to Dec. 14, 1825; sec. of the Home Missionary Soc. until 1837, and editor of the Home Missionary and Pastor s Journal ; and in 1838 began to edit the Amr-r. Biblical Repository. Prof, of pastoral theol. and homiletics in the Union Theol. Sem., N.Y., 1842-4 ; pastor of the First Church, Wil- liamstown, Ms., in 1844-57. Here he originated and edited the Amer. Eclectic and the Amer. Journal of Education, afterward merged in that of Dr. Henry Barnard. When past 70, he pub. a vol. of poems. During his long life, he was never ill. Author of "A Plea for Voluntary Societies; " " Sprinkling the only Mode of Bap tism," &c. ; " Sermon against Horse-Racing," 1822; "Sacred Music," 1823; "Colleges, Re ligious Institutions," 1851. Peters, COL. ANDREW, Revol. officer ; d. Westborough, Ms., Feb. 1822, a. 80. Maj. 2d Ms. Regt. 7 July, 1777; lieut.-col. 15th, 26 Nov. 1779. Peters, or Peter, HUGH, clergyman and politician, b. Fowey, Cornwall, Eng., 1599; executed in Lond. Oct. 16, 1660. Trin. Coll., Camb., 1622. Took holy orders, and preached successfully for some time at St. Sepulchre s, Lond., but, after imprisonment for nonconform ity, removed to Rotterdam. He preached to an independent cong. there several years; then came to N.E., arriving in Oct. 1635; became pastor, Dec. 21, 1636, of the church in Salem, as successor of Roger Williams, whose doctrines he disclaimed, and whose adherents he excommu nicated. He was also active in civil and mercan- ti.e affairs, suggesting coasting and foreign voy ages and the plan of the fisheries. In Mar. 1638 ho was app. by the Gen. Court to assist in col lecting and revising the colonial laws; Aug. 3, 1641, he sailed to Eng. to procure an alteration in the laws of excise and trade ; had several in terviews with Charles I. ; and probably influ enced the passage of an act of parliament mod ifying them in 1643. He became a preacher in the parliamentary army, which he accomp. to Ireland in 1649, holding, it is said, a colonel s commission. In 1651 he was app. by parlia ment one of the commiss. to amend the laws; and m 1654 was made one of the " trycrs " of ministers ; in 1658 he preached for some time to the Eng. garrison in Dunkirk. Alter the restoration, Peters was committed to the Tower, and indicted for high treason, as having been concerned in the death of the king. During his imprisonment he wrote several letters of advice to his daughter, subsequently (1717) pub. UP der the title of "A Dying Father s Last Legacy to an Only Child." His private character has been the subject of much discussion both in Eng. and Amer. He was charged by his ene mies with gross immorality, and the most bit ter epithets were applied to him by Bishops Burnct, Kenneth, and others; but of late years he has been estimated more favorably. Author of "Good Work for a Good Magistrate," 1651 (in which he recommends burning the histori cal records in the Tower) ; and some sermons and political tracts. Peters, HUGH, poet, b. Hebron, Ct., Jan. 30, 1807; d. Cincinnati, 0., June 9, 1831. Y.C. 1826. Son of Judge John T. Adm. to the bar in 1828, he began practice at Cinciii. Among his contribs. to the N. E. Weekly Re view were a series of Yankee lyrics of much merit. See Everest s Poets of Ct., and Cogyes- hall s Poets ond Poetry of the West. Peters, JOHN CHARLES, M.D., physician, b. New York, July 6, 1819. He commenced the study of homo30pathy in 1837, and, visiting Europe in 1 842, continued it in the schools of Leipsic, Berlin, and Vienna. Commencing practice in New York as a homceopathist, he has endeavored to incorporate into that system such improvements in medical practice as aus cultation and percussion, microscopy, the use of the ophthalmoscope, pathological anatomy and chemistry, &c. Author of "Diseases of the Head," 1850; "Diseases of Females," 1854; "Diseases of the Eyes," 1855; "Apo plexy," 1853; "Nervous Derangement and Mental Disorders," 1854; "Asiatic Cholera," 1867. With Dr. Witherspoon, he translated Rokitansky*s "Pathological Anatomy," 1849; and, with Dr. Snelling and others, pub. a " Ma- teria Medica," 1856-60. He has also edited the N. A. Jour, of Homoeopath ;/. He was one of the founders of the N. Y. Path. Soc. ; and in 1859 was elected pres. of the Coll. of Med. Sciences, and prof, of materia medica and therapeutics. Appleton. Peters, JOHN THOMPSON, jurist, b. Hebron, Ct., 11 Oct. 1765 ; d. Hartford, 28 Aug. 1834. Y. C. 1789. Established himself in the prac tice of law in Hebron in 1786 ; app. coll. of rev enue 1st dist. 1813; judge Sup. Court, May, 1818. Peters, RICHARD, D.D., b. Liverpool, Eng., 1704 ; d. Phila. July 10, 1776. He came to America in 1735 ; was in 1735-7 pastor of Christ Church, Phila. ; Oct. 26, 1737, became proprietary sec. ; in Feb. 1743 provincial sec., and clerk of .the council; and in May, 1749, member of theProv. Council; Jan. 2, 1762, he resigned his civil offices, and was rector of St. Peter s Dec. 1 762-Sept. 1775. He pub. a Serin, on Education, 1751. Dorr s Christ Church. Peters, RICHARD, jurist and agriculturist, nephew of the preceding, b. Blockley, near Phila., Aug. 22, 1744; d. there Aug. 21, 1828 Phila. Coll. He obtained early and consider able success in the legal profession ; spoke Ger man fluently ; and was disting. for wit and humor. At the commencement of the Revol. he became eapt. of a company of vols., but wa * soon transferred by Congress to the board of war, of which he was sec. June 13, 1776-Dec IPET 710 1781 ; member Old Congress 1782-3; and from 1789 to his death was U.S. dist. judge of Pa. First pres. of the company who built the per manent bridge over the Schuylkill at Phila ; and to him the country is also indebted for in troducing the use of gypsum into agric., he having in 1797 pub. a relation of his experi ments with it on his own farm. Pres. of the Phila. Agric. Soc., and enriched its memoirs with many valuable contribs. Author of " Ad miralty Decisions in the U.S. Dist. Court of Pa." "(1780-1807), 2 vols. 8vo, 1807. (See Skttdi jf his Life by Saml. Breck, Esq.] His son RICHARD, Jun., succeeded Henry Wheaton as reporter U.S. Sup. Court. He has pub. "Reports U.S. Circuit Ct., 3d Cir., 1803- 18," 8vo, 1819 ; "Reports U.S. Supreme Ct.," 1828-43,17 vols. 8vo ; "Condensed Reports of Cases U.S. Sup. Ct. to 1827," 6 vols. 8vo, 1835; "Digest of Cases U.S. Sup. Circuit, and Dist. Cts., to 1847," 2 vols. 8vo, 1848 and 1855; " Case of the Cherokee Nation against the State of Ga.," 8vo, 1831 ; editor of " Chit- ty on Bills," 1819 ; and Washington s " Cir cuit Ct. Reports, 3d Circuit, 1803-27," 4 vols. 8vo, 1826-9. Peters, SAMUEL ANDREW, D.D., LL.D., clergyman and author, b. Hebron, Ct., Dec. 12, 1735; d. N.Y. Apr. 19, 1826. Y.C. 1757. He travelled in Europe in 1758-9. Became a Pr.-Epis. clergyman, and in 1762 took charge of the churches of Hebron and Hartford. His imprudence and loyalty involved him in con stant trouble ; and probably no clergyman of his time was more obnoxious. Being a Tory, he was forced in 1774 to flee to Eng., where he pub. in 1781 "A General History of Con necticut," which has been called ttfe " most un scrupulous and malicious of lying narratives." Its narrations are independent of time, place, and probability. In 1 794 he was chosen bishop of Vt., but was never consec. In 1805 he re turned to Amer., and pub. in N.Y. a " History of Rev. Hugh Peters," his great-uncle, in 1807, and also a brief history of Hebron. In 1817 he made a journey to the Falls of St. Anthony, claiming a large tract of land in that region. He afterward lived in N.Y. City in, poverty and obscurity, though he obtained a pension and a grant for property confiscated by the patriots. He is the " Parson Peter " of TrumbulPs " M Fingal." Petersen, JOHN ERIC CHRISTIAN, ma rine painter, b. Copenhagen, Denmark, 3 April, 1839. Studied law in the U. of Copenhagen in 1859, and afterward learned the art of painting at the Roy. Acad. of Copenhagen, and with Malbye and Dahl ; served as an officer of Danish inf. in the war with Prussia and Aus tria in 1864 ; arrived in the U.S. 29 July, 1865, and has a studio in Boston. Among his best pictures are " The Start of the Ocean Race of 1866 from Sandy Hook," "Phantom Ship," " Rescue," " Egg Rock," " Making Sail after the Gale," " Capture of the Pirate," and the yacht " Dreadnaught." Mr. Petersen visited the W. Indies during the hurricane season of 1867-8, of which he made many graphic sketches; d. Boston, Mar. 19, 1874. Peterson, CHARLES J., of Phila., co.-edi- t.or with Mrs. Ann S. Stephens of Peterson s Magazine. Author of " Military Heroes of the Revol.," 8vo, 1847; " Military Heroes of the War of 1812 and the Mexican War," 1848; "Naval Heroes of the U.S.," 1850; "Cruis ing in the Last War," 1849 ; " Grace Dudley ; " "Kate Aylesford ; " "The Valley Farm;" " Mabel ; " " The Old Stone Mansion," &c. ; "Continuation from 1840 to 1856 of Von Rotteck s History of the World." Contrib. to magazines and newspapers. Allibone. Peterson, HENRY, b. Phila. 1818; was a short time editor of Neal s Gazette, and since 1846 editor and co-proprietor of the Phila. Sat. Even. Post. Author of " The Twin-Brothers," 1843; Poems, 12mo, 1864. Allibone. Petigru, JAMES Louis, LL.D. (H.U. 1837), lawyer, b. Abbeville Dist., S.C., 1789 ; d. Charleston, Mar. 9, 1863. S.C. Coll. 1809. He was of mixed Irish and Huguenot descent. Adm. to the bar, he attained distinc. as a coun try lawyer, and subsequently at the Charles ton bar; atty.-gen. of S.C. 1822-30. During the nullification troubles of 1830-2 he vigor ously and eloquently opposed the doctrine of the State veto, and became a leader in the Union and State-rights party, upon whose defeat, he, from being one of the most popular men in the State, became an object of dislike. His virtues, and his unquestioned talent and ability as an advocate, nevertheless secured him the respect of the community in which he lived ; and he held his prominence at the bar with scarcely a rival. He was subsequently for a brief period U.S. dist.-atty., which subjected him further to public odium. He also served in the State legisl., and in 1861 was aeommiss. for codifying the laws and statutes of S.C. He opposed almost singly the secession movement in S.C. in 1860, though too old to take an active part in political controversies, remain ing unshaken in his convictions to the hour of his death. Pres. S. C. Hist. Soc. Author of " Semi-Centenn. Oration," S.C. Coll., 1855; "Address bef. the S. C. Hist. Soc.," 1858. See Biog. Sketch by W. 7. Grayson, 12mo, 1866. Petion, ANNE ALEXANDER SABES, first pres. of the repub. of Hayti, b. Port au Prince, Apr. 2, 1770 ; d. 29 Mar. 1818. Son of a rich colonist named Sabes by a free mulatto woman. Liberally educated at the military school of Paris. " When the Revol. broke out at St. Domingo, he was one of the first who took arms ; was soon made an officer of art. ; and obtained the rank of adj.-gen. He joined Rigaud, a man of color like himself, in oppos ing the projects of Toussaint L Ouverture , and, being unsuccessful, embarked for France, but returned with Gen. Leclerc, under whom Petion held a colonel s commission. The vio lent measures adopted by Leclerc and his suc cessor Rochambeau induced Petion to quit the French service, and, forming a union with Dessalines, to declare war against the French, whom they at length expelled. Assisted hy the English, they succeceded in establishing the iridep. of Hayti in 1804. Petion obtained the govt. of the western dist. of which Port au Prince was the capital, Dessalines becoming chief of the republic. Christophe, his successor, behaving in a tyrannical manner, was obliged to submit to a partition of his domains. AU 711 IPHEl the southern and western part of the island acknowledged the authority of the senate, by whom Petion was elected pres. Jan. 27, 1807. A civil war took place between the rivals; but Petion retained his office, in spite of all oppo sition, till his death. He was a skilful general, a humane and just ruler. PetO, SIR SAMUEL MORTON, an English engineer and contractor, b. Surrey, Eng., 1809. lie constructed the Grand Trunk Railway, Canada, with the tubular bridge near Montreal, and several railways in Europe. In 1859 he was returned to parliament from Finsbury. After visiting the U.S. in 1865, he pub. " The Resources and Prospects of America," 1866. Pettengill, AMOS, b. Salem, N.H., Aug. 9, 1780; d. Salem Bridge, Ct., Aug. 17, 1830. II. U. 1805. Minister in Cham plain, N.Y., from July 9, 1807, to 1812; of Lirchfield, Ct., from Apr. 14, 1816, to Jan. 9, 1822 ; and of Salem from Jan. 1, 1823, to his d. As a teacher, and in other ways, he aided the cause of education. He pub. a view of the heavens, for schools, 1826; a rotary celestial map; "The Spirit of Methodism," 1829; and some discourses. A Memoir ot him, by L. Hart, was pub. by the Mass. S. S. Society. Pettigrew, CHARLES, first Prot.-Epis. bishop of N.C. ; d. 1807 at Bonarva, on Lake Scuppernong, where he settled in 1794. His father, originally of a Scottish family, came from Co. Tyrone, Ireland, to Pa., and finally settled in N.C. Charles became a teacher at Edenton in 1773 ; was ord. in the Prot.-Epis. Church at Lond. in 1775; and m. Mary, dau. of Col. John Blount. In May, 1794, at a conv. held at Far borough, he was elected bishop. He took a leading part in establishing the U. of N.C. His only son Ebenezer was M.C. Irom Edenton dist. in 1835-7.- Pettit, COL. CHARLES, Revol. patriot ; d. Phila. Sept. 4, 1806, a. 69. Having practised law with reputation, he became sec. of N. J. under Gov. Franklin, and continued in that office under Gov. Livingston until called by Gen. Greene to the post of assist, qmr.-gen. Conspicuous in this position for industry and intelligence, he was tendered, upon the resigna tion of Greene, the succession to the important trust of quartermaster-gen. ; but he declined. At the peace he became a merchant in Phila. Was the author of the funding system of Pa. while a member of its legisl. ; a delegate to Congress from 1785 to 1787; and a powerful advocate, at the general conference at Harris- Imrtr, for the adoption of the Federal Consti tution. Pettit, THOMAS McKEAN, judge, 1797- 1853. Member Pa. legisl. 1830; assoc. judge dist. Ct. 1832-5; pres. judge 1835-45. Author of Discourse bef. Hist. Soc. of Pa. 1828; Discourse bef. the Philomath. Soc. of the U. of Pa. 1 836 ; " Memoirs of Roberts Vaux." Pettus, JOHN J., brig.-gen. C.S.A.; killed at the battle of Peach-tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864 ; gov. of Mpi. 1860-2. Peyton, JOHN LEWIS, b. Augusta Co. r Va., 1825; went to Eng. in 1861 as an agent of N C., and still (1871) resides there. Author of " Trade of China and the Indian Islands," Bvo, 1854 ; " Statistical View of Illinois," 8vo, 1854 ; " The American Crisis," &c., 2 vols. 8vo, Lond. 1867 ; "Adventures of my Grand father, by Col. J. L. P., late chief of staff to Gen. Douglass B. Layne of Va.," 8vo, 1807. Allibone. Pfeifer, CARL, architect, b. Brunswick, Germany, 1834 ; came to the U.S. in 1850, and pursued his profession in Ohio and in the West, and in 1864 established himself in N.Y. City, where he has attained high reputation. Among his works are the Church of the Messiah, the Roosevelt Hospital, and the Barroda mansion. His plans for the N.Y. Hospital and other pub lic city buildings have recently been accepted. Thomas. Phelps, ALMIRA HART LINCOLN, teacher and author, b. Berlin, Ct., 1793. Her father, Samuel Hart, was descended from Rev. Thomas Hooker. She was educated chiefly by hei sis ter Emma (Willard); taught school in her father s house at 19, and soon after took charge of the Sandy-hill (N.Y.) Female Acad. In 1817 she m. Simeon Lincoln, editor of the Ct, Mirror, who died in 1823. She soon after became associated with her elder sister, Mrs. Emma Willard, in the direction of the female sem. at Troy, N.Y. , until in 1831 she m. Hon. John Phelps of Vt. In 1838 she took charge of a sem. at West Chester, Pa., and afterwards taught in Rahway, N.J. ; in 1841 Mr. and Mrs. Phelps took charge of the Patapsco Institute, which after her husband s death, in 1848, she conducted alone till 1856. She has since resid ed in Baltimore, and at one time edited the Patapsco Magazine. She pub. " Familiar Lecture on Botany," 1829, revised and enlarged 1861 ; "Dictionary of Chemistry," 1830; " Botany for Beginners," 1831 ; " Geology for Beginners," 1832 ; " Female Student, or Fire side Friend," 1833 ; " Caroline Westerley," 1833 ; " Lectures to Young Ladies," &c., 1833 ; " Chemistry for Beginners," 1834; "Progres sive Education," translated from the French, 1834; "Lectures on Natural Philosophy," 1835; "Lectures on Chemistry," 1837 and 1857 ; " Nat ural Philosophy for Beginners," 1837 ; " Ada Norman," 1854; "Hours with my Pupils/ 1859 ; and " Christian Households," 1860. Phelps, ANSON GREENE, a wealthy and philanthropic merchant of New York, b. Sims- bury, Ct., March, 1781 ; d. New York, Nov. 30, 1853. He learned the trade of a saddler; was a merchant in Hartford until 1815, when he removed to N.Y. City, where he passed the re mainder of his life, engaged in the business of a merchant in tin plate and heavy metals. Por tions of his annual accumulations were sys tematically devoted to the relief of the needy and to various objects of Christian charity. His will contained bequests to different chari table institutions, amounting to $371,000; $100,000 each to the Bible Society, the Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, and the Home Missionary Society. Pros, of the N.Y. Blind Asylum, the A. B. C. F. M., and the N.Y. branch of the Colonization Societv. Phelps, AUSTIN, D.D., b. West Brookfield, Ms., Jan. 7, 1820. U. of Pa. 1837. Ord. pas tor of the Pine-st. Cong. Church, Boston, 1842 ; since 1848 Bartlett prof, of sacred rhetoric in And. Theol. Seminary. Author of " The Still THE 712 Hour," 1859; with Dr. Park and Lowell Ma son, " The Sabbath Hymn-Book," " Sabbath Hymn and Tune Book," " Sabb. Tune-Book," Sabbath-school Hymn and Tune Book ; " " Hymns and Choirs," 1860; " The New Birth," 1867. AUibone. Phelps, ELIZABETH (STUART), writer, b. Andover, Ms., Aug. 13, 1815; d. there Nov. 30, 1852. Dau. of Prof. Moses Stuart. In 1842 she was married to Rev. Austin Phelps. She wrote " The Sunny Side ; " " The Kitty Brown" series, 4 vols. 1849; "Peep at Num ber Five ; " " Tell-Tale ; " " Angel over the Eight Shoulder;" and "The Last Leaf from Sunny- Side." Her dau., ELIZABETH STUART, is au thor of " Ellen s Idol," 18G4; " Up Hill," 1865 ; "Tiny," 1866; "Mercy Gliddon s Work," 1866; "Gypsy Series/ 1867; " Tiny s Sun day Night/ 1867 ; " I Don t Know How," 1867 ; " Gates Ajar/ 1868, a remarkably suc cessful production ; " Hedged In ; " " Men, Women, and Ghosts," 1869 ; and " The Silent Partner," 1870. Contrib. to Our Young Folks, &c. AUibone. Phelps, GEN. JOHN WOLCOTT, b. Guilford, Vt., Nov. 13, 1813. West Point, 1836. Enter ing the 4th Art., he served in Fla. ; was made 1st lieut. July 7, 1838; declined the brev. of capt. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubus- co ; capt. 31 Mar. 1850, while member of a board for preparing a system of heavy-artillery instruction, whieh was" formed at his sugges tion ; com. at Foi*t Brown, Texas, and broke up a large filibuster exped. against Mexico and Cuba ; and served in the Utah exped., but re signed Nov. 2, 1859 ; while residing at Brattle- borough, Vt., he became (2 May, 1861) col. 1st Vt. Vols. He established and long com. the intrenched camp at Newport News; was made a brig.-gen. May 17, 1861 ; was attached to Gen. Butler s exped. to N. Orleans ; landed at Ship Island, Mpi., Dec. 4, and issued a proc lamation hostile to slavery, which was at once disavowed by Gen. Butler. Gen. Phelps en listed and disciplined the first negro soldiers, but was ordered by Gen. Butler to abandon the project, and employ them in felling trees and similar labors; and resigned Aug. 21, 1862, and returned to Brattleborough. Vice-pres. Vt. Hist. Soc. since 1863. Phelps, OLIVER, a man of extraordinary enterprise, b. Windsor, Ct., 1749; d. Canan- daigua, N.Y., Feb. 21, 1809. He received a mercantile .education at Suffield, Ct. ; engaged in business in Granville, Ms., with great success ; and during the Revol. was in the commiss. dept. of Ms. In 1788, he, with Nathl. Gorham, purchased of the State of Ms. a tract of 2,200,- 000 acres of land in the Genesee country, N.Y., now comprised in the extensive counties of Ontario and Steuben. He opened in Canan- daigua the first land-office in America ; and his system of survey by townships and ranges became the model for all subsequent surveys. In 1795, Phelps, with Win. Hart and their asso ciates, bought of this State the tract of land in Ohio called the Western Reserve, comprising 3,300,000 acres. He afterwards removed to Canandaigua, N.Y. ; represented that dist. in Congress in 1803-5; and was a judge of the Circuit Court. Phelps, SAMUEL SIIETIIAR, jurist and statesman, b. Litchfield, Ct., May 13, 1793; d. Middlebury, Vt., Mar. 25, 1855. Y.C. 1811. Son of Capt. John, a Revol. soldier. He was a paymaster in the army at Plattsburg late in 1814* and after the war settled as a lawyer in Middlebury. Member of the Council of Cen sors in 1827, and author of the address by that body ; member of the legislative council hi 1 83 1 ; judge of the Sup. Court of Vt. in 1831-8 ; and U.S. senator 1839-51 and 1853-4. His speeches in the senate on the Clayton Compromise Bi!!, and on the Vt. Antislavery Resolutions, at tracted much attention. He had a high repu tation as a jurist and advocate. A biog. notice- is in Whig Review, xii. 93. Phelps, SYLVAN us DRYDEN, D.D. (Madis. Coll. 1854), b. Suffield, Ct., 1816. Brown U. 1844. Pastor 1st Bapt. Church, New Haven, since Jan. 21, 1846. Author of "Eloquence of Nature, and other Poems," 1842; "Sun light and Heartlight, and other Poems," 1856 ; "Holy Land, a "Year s Tour," 1863; "The Poet s Song for the Heart and the Home," 1867 ; " Bible Lands," c., 1869. Also poems and sermons in pamphlet form ; " Introd. to Life and Times of Bunyan," 8vo, 1855; and articles in periodicals. AUibone. Philes, GEORGE P., linguist, bibliographer, and scholar, b. Ithaca, N. Y., 15 Apr. 1828. Educated at Ithaca Acad. Has resided in N.Y. City since 1854, engaged as a bookseller and publisher. In 1857 he m. Emilena L., dau. of Martin Sanders of Cortland, N.Y. M.A. of Dartm. Coll. 1858. Contrib. to lit. journals under the pseudonyme of " Paulus Sikniiarius ; " edited " The Philobiblion/ 2 vols. 4to, N.Y. 1862-3 ; assisted in preparing the " Bibl. Amur. Vetust." (comp. by Henry Harrisse), N. Y., Geo. P. Philes, 1866, imp. 8vo and 4to; edited "Tin Erasmus, by RYCHARDE TAUERNER, London, 1550, N.Y. 1867, 8vo. We believe lie is now engaged in preparing a " Dictionary of Anony mous and PseudonynKms Eng. and Amcr. Au thors, with Hist, and Critical Notes." Philip, KING (METACOM), Sachem of Po- kanokct. Youngest son of Massasoit, and the successor in 1662 of his bro. Alexander; killed Aug. 12, 1676. In 1662 he promised at Plym outh to continue in friendship with the English, and not- to dispose of any of his territory with out giving notice; in 1671, in consequence of rumors of a plot against the colonists and the occurrence of several murders, a new agree ment was finally entered into, by which Philip admitted the superiority of the Plymouth govt The Indians were, however, required to give up their arms, a measure which soon produced unfavorable results. In 1675, Sassamon, a con verted Indian, who had informed the ColoTiy that hostile preparations were going on, was killed. His murderers were tried, convicted, and executed ; and in revenge the Indians mur dered 8 or 9 white men. The war that ensued was of a most harassing character; the Indians avoiding the whites in the field, but rapidly passing from one exposed point to another, burning villages, cutting off detached parties by 713 ambuscade, and shooting down all who ven tured outside of the places of protection. Philip formed an alliance with the powerful Narragan- setts ; but an expedition under Winslow in Dec. 1675 resulted in the complete subjugation of that tribe. This blow, and the complete de struction of his own tribe, soon left Philip with out resources. Deserted by all, he was hunted from spot to spot ; and at last, taking refuge at Mount Hope, was there attacked by a party under Capt. Church, and was killed by an In dian while attempting to flee. In this war 13 tor, ns were destroyed ; many others suffered se verely ; and 600 colonists were slain. Philip was brave, crafty, and politic ; had great influ ence over the neighboring tribes ; and was im placable in his hatred of the colonists. Philipps, GEN. RICHARD, gov. Nova Sco tia 1717-49, b. 1661; d. 1751. He joined the army of William of Orange as capt. ; was at the battle of the Boyne in 1690 ; and was made lieut.-col. in 1712. He was in Nova Scotia in 1720-31, and was an active and intelligent offi cer. He was, at his death, col. 38th Regt. Philleo, CALVIN W., novelist, b. Vernon, N.Y., June 14, 1822 ; d. Sufficld, Ct., June 30, 1 85S. A lawyer at Sufficld from 1847 to his d. During the last 5 years of his life he was a contrib. to Graham s, Putnam s, Harper s, and the Atlantic magazines. Phillips, ADELAIDE, vocalist, b. Stratford- on-Avon, Eng., 1833. Made her debut Sept. 25, 184-3, at the Boston Museum, as Little Pickle ; at the Walnut-street Theatre, Phila., July 17, 1846, as Rosa in "John of Paris;" and was long a great favorite, and a useful member of the Boston Museum Company. Possessing a remarkable contralto voice, she resolved upon its cultivation, and was trained in Italy in 1852-4, making a successful debut at the Carcano, Milan, Dec. 17, 1854, in the " Barber of Seville." In Oct. 1855 she app. in concert at the Music Hall, Boston ; first app. in opera at the N.Y. Academy, Mar. 17, 1856, as Azuc.i -ui in " // Trovatore" a part in which she is unrivalled, and which she played at the Italian Opera House in Paris in October, 1861. She sang at the great Peace Jubilee in Boston in June, 1869. Phillips, GEORGE, first minister of Water- town, Ms., from July 30, 1630, to hisd. July 1, 1644; b. Rainham, Norfolk Co., Eng., 1593. U. of Cambridge 1613 and 1617. Settled at Boxted, Essex Co., Eng. ; but became a non conformist, and came to N. E. in June, 1630. He was a learned scholar, and an able disputant. His work on " Infant-Baptism " was pub. 1G45. Mather s Maijnu.Ua. Phillips, HENRY, Jun., numismatist. Member of the Phila. bar. Author of " Histo ry of the Paper-Money of Pa.," 8vo, 1862; "N. Jersey Bills of Credit, 1723-86," 8vo, 1863; "Paper -Currency of the Colonies," 1863-6, 2 vols. 4to ; " Early Currency of Mary land," 1867 ; " Medicine and Astrology," 8vo, 1867; "Pleasures of Numismatic Science," 8vo, 1867. Allibone. Phillips, COL. JOHN ; d. Charlestown, Ms., Mar. 20, 1726, a. 93 yrs. 9 mo. He was judge of the Admiralty Court ; trcas. of the province ; col. of the regt. 1689-1715- a justice of the a professorship in Damn. Coll. ; contrib. ly also to N. J. Coll. April 21, 1778, he C. C. P. ; one of the council 1689-1716; and repres. 1683-6. Savage. ^Phillips, JOHN, LL.D., merchant and philanthropist, b. Andover, Ms., Dec. 27, 1719 ; d. Exeter, N.H., Apr. 21, 1795. II. U. 1735. Son of Rev. Samuel of Andover. He studied theology and preached for a time, but subse quently became a merchant ; and was for some years a member of the council of N.H. He en dowed liberally with hisbro. Samuel, founded Phillips Acad. at Andover, giving to it $31,000, beside a third in terest in his estate ; and in 1 781 founded Phillips Acad., Exeter, to which he gave $134,000. Phillips, JOHN, first mayor of Boston, 1822-3, b. Boston, Nov. 26, 1770 ; d. there May 29,1823. H.U.I 788. Kinsman of Lieut.-Gov. William. Studied law, and at an early age was app. atty. for Suffolk Co. During the last 20 years of his life he was a member of the State senate, and 1813-23 its pres. ; in 1809 he became a judge of C. C. P. ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1820. Phillips, PHILIP, vocalist and musical composer, b. Chautauqua Co., N.Y., 13 Aug. 1834. His youth was spent on a farm ; his leisure he devoted to music, completing his studies under Lowell Mason. He has since given sacred concerts in all parts of the U.S. App. in 1866 musical editor of the Meth. Book Concern, N.Y. ; visiting Europe in 1869, he sang in the principal cities there. Among his most popular works are "Musical Leaves," " Singing Pilgrim," " An Offering of Praise," and " New Standard Singer." Phillips, SAMUEL, Jun., LL.D., b. N. An dover, Ms., Feb. 7, 1752; d. Andover, Feb. 10, 1802. H.U. 1771. Grandson of Rev. Samuel (H. U. 1708), minister of Andover (17 Oct. 1710 to his d. 5 June, 1771 ; b. Salem, 28 Feb. 1690). Son of Samuel, a councillor of state, who d. July 21, 1790, a. 76. He was 4 years a member of the Ms. Prov. Cong., and one of its best speakers ; a member of the Const. Conv. of 1779 ; a State senator for 20 years following the adoption of the constitution, and 15 years pres. of that body; a judge of the C. C. P. (1781-98); commiss. of the State in Shays s Insurrection ; and lieut.-gov. at the time of his death. He was also much engaged in agric., manuf., and mercantile pursuits. He planned and organized at Andover the first incorporated academy in the State, and one of the first in the country, gave it some lands, and procured endowments for it from his father, uncles, and cousin, to the amount of $85,000. At his death he left to the town of Andover a fund of $5,000, the income to be applied to the cause of education. He was a founder of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences of Boston. Phillips, STEPHEN CLARENDON, philan thropist, b. Salem, Nov. 4, 1 801 ; lost by the burning of " The Montreal " on the River St. Lawrence, June 26, 1857. H. U. 1819. He be gan to study law, but became a merchant ; mem ber legisl. in 1824-9; senator in 18CO; again a representative in 1832 and 33; M.C. 1834- 8; mayor of Salem Dec. 1838-March, 1842; and upon his voluntary retirement devoted the whole of his salary as mayor to the public PHI 714 schools of the city. In 1848 and 49 he was the Free-soil candidate for gov. He dis charged several State and private trusts with ability, sagacity, and integrity ; and was many years a member of the State Board of Educa tion. Author of " The Sunday-school Service- Book." Phillips, WENDELL, orator and reformer, h. Boston, Nov. 29, 1811. H.U. 1831 ; Camb. Law School, 1333. Son of John, first mayor of Boston. Adm. to the Suffolk bar in 18*34. The agitation of the slavery question was at this time at its height ; and Mr. Phillips joined the abolitionists in 1836, relinquishing profes sional practice in 1839 from unwillingness to act under his attorney s oath to the Constitu tion of the U.S. His first memorable speech was made in Faneuil Hall in Dec. 1837, at a meeting " to notice in a suitable manner the murder, in the city of Alton, 111., of the Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, who fell in defence of the freedom of the press." At a moment when the purpose of the meeting seemed likely to be defeated, and its resolutions rejected, by the opposition of Atty.-Gen. Austin, Mr. Phillips, who was among the audience, in an outburst of indignant eloquence at once rebuked Mr. Austin for the sentiments he had uttered, and secured the passage of the resolutions. He was a prominent advocate of the doctrines of the Garrisonian abolitionists, who, believing the Constitution of the U.S. to be an immoral compact between freedom and slavery, refused it support, abstained from voting, and labored for the dissolution of the Union as the best means of freeing the slaves. Mr. Phillips is now identified with the progress of the temper ance, labor-reform, and woman s-rights move ments. He is a frequent public lecturer, and as an orator ranks among the very foremost America has produced. Pres. of the Amer. Antislavery Soc. from 1865 until its dissolution, 9 April, 1870; candidate of the Labor-reform party for gov. of Ms. in 1870. His Speeches, Lectures, and Letters were pub. Boston, 1863 ; " The Constitution a Proslavery Compact," 8vo, 1844; "Can Abolitionists Vote or Take Office ? " 1845 ; " Review of Spooner s Uncon stitutionally of Slavery," 8vo, 1847 ; " Review of Webster s 7th-of- March Speech," 1850; "Review of Kossuth s Course," 1851; "De fence of the Antislavery Movement," 8vo, 1853; "Addresses," 8vo, 1859. He has con- trib. largely to the Liberator and to the Anti- sl avert/ Standard. Phillips, WILLARD, LL.D., A.A.S., law yer and author, b. Bridgewater, Ms., Dec. 19, 1784. H.U. 1810; tutor there 1810-15. He procured the means for his own education by teaching. He then began the practice of law in Boston, and at the same time assisted in the editorship of the N.A. Review, to which he was, until 1834, a contrib. In 1825 and 26 he was a member of the State legisl. He gave up prac tice in 1845 ; was judge of probate for Suffolk Co. in 1839-47 ; and was president of the N.E. Mutual Life Insurance Co. in 1843-73 ; in 1837-41 he was one of the commiss. who reduced the law of crimes and punishments to a systematic code. He pub. in 1812 a pamphlet entitled "An Appeal to the Public Spirit of the Federalists and the Good Sense of the Democrats ; " " Treatise on Insurance," 1823, 5th edition, 2 vols. 8vo, 1868; "Treatise on Patents," 1837; "Inventor s Guide," 1837; " A Manual of Political Economy," 1828 ; "Propositions concerning Protection and Free Trade," 1850. He wrote, among other articles for the " Encyclopaedia Americana," one on " Political Economy," and in 1832 pub. a digest of the first 8 vols. of Pickering s " Reports." With Edward Pickering he edited the first Amer. edition of " Collyer on Partnership." In 1812 he was a contrib. to the Gen. Repository and Review, and for some years edited and pub. the Amer. Jurist ; d. Cambridge, Ms., Sept. 9, 1873. Phillips, WILLIAM, a British gen. ; d. Petersburg, Va., May 13, 1781. App. capt. of art. May, 1756; brev. lieut.-col. 1760; col. May 25, 1772; and maj. -gen. in June, 1776, in Burgoyne s exped. He served with credit in Germany ; was taken prisoner with Burgoyne in Oct. 1777; exchanged in Nov. 1779; and was actively engaged at the South until his death. In the spring of 1781 he was sent from New York with 2,000 men to join Arnold, then at the Chesapeake. After a brief career of devastation in Va., he was carried off by a fever. He was haughty and irritable, and held the Americans in great contempt. Phillips, WILLIAM, lieut.-gov. of Ms. 1812-23, b. Boston, Apr. 10, 1750; d. May 26, 1827. Son of Wm., a benefactor of Andover Sem., who d. Jan. 15, 1804, a. 82. He engaged in business with his father, and acquired a for tune; was an ardent patriot of the Revol. ; was several years a representative after 1800; and at his death bequeathed large sums to Phillips Acad., Andover Theol. Sem., and other insti tutions. His son JONATHAN, also a philan thropic merchant of Boston, and a member of the Ms. legisl., b. 24 Apr. 1 778, d. 29 July, 1860. Phillips, WILLIAM WIKT, D. D. (Col. Coll. 1826), Presb. clergyman, b. Montiromery Co., N. Y., 23 Sept. 1796; d. N. Y. City, 20 Mar. 1865. Un. Coll. 1815; New Brunswick Theol. Sem. Ord. Apr. 1818 over the Pearl- street Church, New York; transferred in 1826 to the Wall-street Church ; afterwards removed to Fifth Avenue, where he officiated till his death. He held many important trusts in his denomination, and was in 1835 moderator of the Gen. Assembly. Phipps, HENRY, Earl of Mulgrave, a Brit ish gen., b. 1755; d. April 7, 1831. Educated at Eton, and intended for the law; he entered the army in 1775; was aide-de-camp to Knyp- hausen in 1776; served through the American war; was disting. at the siege of Toulon in 1794; rose to the rank of gen. in 1809; and became an earl in 1812. Phips, SPENCER, lieut.-gov. of Ms., b. Rowley, Ms., June 6, 1685 ; d. April 4, 1757. H.U. 1703. Son of Dr. David Bennet of Row- ley ; and on being adopted by his uncle, Sir Wm. Phips, took by statute the latter name. He was a councillor in 1722; was 9 times re- elected ; was lieut.-gov. in 1731-57, and admin istered the govt. from Sept. 1749 to 1753, and in 1756-7. His son DAVID (H.U. 1741) d. Bath, Eng., in 1811, a. 87. A prominent lo) al ist of Boston; went to Halifax in 1776. 715 PIC Phips, or Phipps, SIR WILLIAM, gov. of Ms., b. Woolwich, Me., Feb. 2, 1651 ; d. London, Feb. 18, 1695. He was one of 26 children ; was at first a shepherd ; at the age of 18 bound himself to a ship-carpenter, and learned to read and write. In 1684 he went to Eng. to procure means to recover the treasure from a Spanish vessel wrecked near the Baha mas. His first search, for which a national vessel was furnished him, was unsuccessful ; in a second attempt in 1687, at the cost of the Duke of Albemarle, he recovered from the wreck treasure to the amount of 300,000, of which 16,000 was given him as his share. He was also knighted, and app. high sheriff of New Eng. In 1690 he com. the fleet which captured Port Royal, also a much larger one sent against Quebec without success. He arrived in Boston in Nov., and was made a magistrate of the colony, but soon revisited England to induce the govt. to send another expedition to Canada. Through the influence of Increase Mather, the agent of Ms. in Eng., he was app. gov. of the province, and arrived in Boston, May 14. 1692; in Aug. he sailed with ab. 450 men to Pemaquid, where he built a fort. Summoned in 1694 to Eng. to answer complaints which had been brought against him, he died there very suddenly. He was a lover of his country/ a man of uncommon enterprise and industry, and of an excellent disposition ; but the violence of his temper weakened his influence. He is much eulogized by Cotton Mather, his pastor, with, whom he co-operated in the witchcraft delusion. See Ltf j l>ij Bowen in Sparks s Am. Biog. Physick, PHILIP SYNG, M.D. (Edinburgh, 1792), an eminent physician and surgeon, b. Phila. July 7, 1768; d. there Dec. 15, 1837. U. of Pa. 1785. His father, an Englishman, had charge of the estates of the Penn family. He received his early education at the Friends Acad.; studied medicine; went to Europe in Nov. 1788; became the private pupil of John Hunter, and in 1790 was adm. to St. George s Hospital as house-surgeon. On leaving it, he received his diploma from the Roy. Coll. of Sur geons in Lond.; was invited by Dr. Hunter to assist him in his professional business, and remained with him a year. After a year s at tendance on the lectures of the university, and visiting the Royal Infirmary at Edinb., Dr. Physic returned to Phila. ; commenced the practice of medicine; and in 1793, on the ap pearance of the epidemic, was app. physician to the Yeliow-fever Hospital at Bush Hill; in 1794 one of the surgeons of the Pa. Hospital; on the re-appearance of the ycllow-fover was again resident physician at the Bush-hill Hos pital ; and in 1801-16 was surgeon-extr. to the Phila. Almshouse Infirmary; in 1805 he was app. prof, of surgery in the U. of Pa.; in 1819- 31 he filled the chair of anatomy; in 1821 was app. consulting surgeon to the Inst. for the Blind ; in 1824 Avas elected pres. of the Phila. Med. Soc. ; in 1825 became a member of the Roy. Acad. of Med. in France ; and in 1836 an hon. fellow of the Roy. Med. and Chirurgical So?, of Lond. As a practical surgeon, Dr. P. had no rival in the U.S. ; and he was exceed ingly popular as a lecturer. Author of valua ble communications to the medical journals. See Memoir by John Bell in Gross s Med. Biog. Piatt, JOHN JAMES, poet, b. Milton, Ind., 1 Mar. 1835. Nephew of Donn Piatt, writer and politician, and of Abram Sanders Piatt, politi cal and poetical writer. He learned the print ing-business, and attended the Columbus High school and Kenyon Coll. He became known by his poetical contribs. to the Louisville. Jour nal in 1858; became a contrib. to the Atlantic Monthly in 1859; and in 1860, in conjunction with W. D. Howells, pub. a vol. of " Poems of Two Friends." See Poets and Poetry of the West. Pichon, THOMAS (alias THOMAS SIGXIS TYRRELL), b. France ; d. Jersey, 1 782. He was brought up a medical student at Marseilles, and was insp. of hospitals in Bohemia in 1743 ; sec. to Count Raymond, the French gov. of Cape Breton, 1751-3 ; and was afterward corn- miss, of stores at Fort Beausejour until its cap ture in 1755. All the while he held these posts, he was furnishing information to the British officers, from whom he received money, and articles of dress. He was in Lond. from 1758 till his death. He pub. anonymously a work on Cape Breton and St. John Island, containing accurate descriptions of the Indians and other valuable information, Lond. 1760, and Paris 1761. He claimed the name of Tyrrell as that of his mother s family. Pickens, ANDREW, brig.-gen. Revol. ar my, b. Paxton, Bucks Co., Pa., 19 Sept. 1739; d. Pendleton Dist., S.C., 17 Aug. 1817. His parents, who were of Huguenot descent, re moved in 1752 to the Waxhaw Settlement, S.C. He was a vol. in Col. Grant s exped. against the Cherokees in Apr. 1761, after which he re moved to the Long Cane Settlement. At the outset of the Rcvol. he was made a capt. of militia, but rose rapidly, through courage, skill, and zeal, to the rank of brig.-gen. In the darkest time, when the South was overrun by the enemy, and suffered from the Tories all the horrors of civil war, he, with Marion and Sum- ter, kept alive the spirit of resistance. In Feb. 1779, with 400 men, he defeated Col. Boyd with 700 Tories at Kettle Creek; had his horse killed under him while covering the retreat at the battle of Stono, 20 June, 1779 ; and in that year inflicted a severe defeat on the Chci-okees at Tomassce; at the battle of the Cowpens, 17 Jan. 1781, he com. the militia, whom he rallied and brought a second time into action after they had been broken and compelled to retreat, for which service Congress voted him a sword ; in June he captured Augusta, Ga. ; and at the bat tle of Eutaw, where he com. the Carolina militia, was struck by a bullet, which, but for striking the buckle of his sword-belt, would have in flicted a mortal wound. By a successful expcd. against the Cherokees in 1782, he obtained a large cession of territory now embraced in the State of Ga. Member of the S.C. legisl. from the close of the war to 1794; M.C. 1793-5, member of the State Const. Conv.; -made maj. gen. of militia in 1795 ; and again in the legisl. until 1801 and in 1812. Commiss. in many treaties with the Southern Indians; by that of Hopcwell he obtained from the Cherokees the portion of the State of S.C. now called Pen- IPIC 716 dleton and Greenville. He soon after settled at Hopewell, on Keowee Kiver, where the trea ty was held. In 1765 lie married Rebecca Cal- houn, aunt of John C. He was remarkable for simplicity, decision, and prudence, and for the scrupulous performance of duty. His son ANDREW, gov. of S.C. 1816-18, an able law yer, d. Pontotock, Mpi., 1 July, 1838. Piekens, FRANCIS W., statesman, b. To- rdoo, St. Paul s Parish, S.C., Apr. 7, 1807 ; Edgefield, S.C., Jan. 25, 1869. Son of Gov. Andrew. Educated at S.C. Coll. Was in 1829 adm to the bar, and began practice in Edge- field Dist. During the nullification excitement in 1832, he disting. himself in the legisl. as a debater ; was prominent on the committees on the judiciary and on foreign relations ; made a report in 1833, as chairman of a sub-corn., to the effect that Congress, as the agent and mere creature of the States severally, had no claim to allegiance, and could exercise no sovereignty. M.C. 1835-45. In 1836 he made an elaborate speech, denying the right of Congress to abol ish slavery m the Dist. of Col. ; in 1844 he was elected to the S.C. senate. He voted with the majority against the " Bluffton movement," a secession demonstration then in progress in the State, advocated by Gov. Hammond and other prominent men ; was a member of the Nashville Southern Conv. in 1850-1 ; presided over the State conv. called to elect delegates to the gen. Democ. conv. in 1854 ; was a delegate to that conv. in 1856 at Cincinnati; was minister to Russia in 1858-60; and, when S.C. declared its secession from the Union, was chosen its gov. He immediately demanded of Maj. An derson the surrender of Fort Sumter, and while in office did all in his power in aid of the Re bellion. He was succeeded by Bonham in 1 862. He was a planter of great wealth, gave much attention to scientific agriculture, and won much repute in the Southern States as an ora tor before colleges and literary societies. Piekens, ISRAEL, gov. of Ala. 1821-5, b. Cabarrus Co., N.C. ; d. near Matanzas, April 23, 1827. He served one year in the N.C. le gisl. ; was M.C. in 1811-17 ; was app. register of the land-office of Mpi. Terr, in 1817; after ward removed to Ala. ; and was U.S. senator in 1826. Pickering, CHARLES, M.D. (H.U. 1826), naturalist, grandson of Col. Timothy, b. Sus- quehanna Co., Pa., Nov. 10, 1805. After practising medicine 11 years in Phila., he was attached as naturalist to Wilkes s exploring exped. in 1838-42 ; then went to India and Eastern Africa, and pub. the results of his re searches into the characteristics of their various tribes, in his "Races of Man and their Geo graphical Distribution/ 4to, 1848; and "Ge ographical Distribution of Animals and Man," 1854. Author, also, of a work on the " Geo graphical Distribution of Plants," pub. 1861. In 1858 he communicated to the Amer. Orien tal Soc. an essay on the Invention of the Art of Writing; and, before the Boston Nat. Hist. Soc., notes on the Stinging Power of the Phy- salia; d. Boston, March 17, 1878. Pickering, CHARLES W.,commo. U.S.N., b. N.H. Midshipm. May 22, 1822 ; lieut. Dec. g, 1838; corn. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 15, 1862 ; commo. (retired list) ^Feb. 1, 186? In 1822-3 he made his first cruise with his un cle, Capt. R. T. Spencer, in " The Cyane ; " executive officer of this vessel in 1854, convey ing Lieut. Strain and his exploring-party to Darien, and afterward rescuing, and returning them to N.Y. ; com. " The Kearsarge " in the Medit. and W. I. islands 1862-3 ; com. " The Housatonic," when blown up off Charleston, Feb. 17, 1864, by a sub-marine torpedo ; after ward com. steamer " Vanderbilt" at capture of Ft. Fisher. Hamersly. Pickering, HENRY, poet, b. Newburgh, N. Y., at the headquarters of Washington, Oct. 8, 1781 ; d. N.Y. May 8, 1838. Third son of Col. Timothy. Engaged in mercantile pur suits in Salem, and afterward in N.Y. City. An edition of his poems was pub. in Boston in 1831. Dmjckinck. Pickering, JOHN, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1792), lawyer and jurist, b. Newington, N.H., Sept. 22, 1737 ; d. Portsmouth, Apr. 11, 1805. H.U. 1761. A prominent member of the conv. which formed the const, of N.H. ; in 1787 he was elected a member of the conv. which framed the Const, of the U.S., but declined ; he was a judge of the Supreme Court of N.H. in 1790-5, and was at one period chief justice ; subsequently he was judge of the Dist. Court of the U.S. for N.H. ; but, his reason becoming impaired, he was removed from office by im peachment in 1804. Pickering, JOHN, LL.D. (Bowel. 1822; H.U. 1835), philologist, and writer on law, b. Salem, Ms., Feb. 17, 1777; d. Boston, May 5, 1846. H. U. 1796. Son of Col. Timothy. He studied law in Phila. ; was in 1797 app. sec. of legation to Portugal ; was 2 years in Lond. as private sec. to Rufus King, U.S. minister ; in 1801 returned to Salem, resumed his legal studies, commenced practice, and remained there until 1 827, when he removed to Boston ; and was city solicitor from 1829 until his death. His practice was large; but by great industry, and economy in the use of time, his labors in general lit., and philology in par ticular, made him one of the most profound scholars in the country, and even of the age. He was 3 times representative from Salem, twice a senator from Essex, and once from Suf folk, and was a member of the Executive Council ; in 1833 he was a member of the commission for revising and arranging the statutes of Ms. The part entitled "Of the In ternal Administration of Govt." was executed by him. He contrib. to the Amer. Jurist ; to the Law Reporter of 1841 an article of singu lar merit, on National Rights and State Rights ; to the N. A. Review for Oct. 1840 an article on Conveyancing in Ancient Egypt. Author of " Remarks on Greek Grammars," 1825 ; " The Vocabulary of Americanisms," 1816; an essay on " The Uniform Orthography of the Indian Language," 1820 ; " Indian Languages of Amer. ; " an article on the Chinese language, on the Cochin-Chinese language; and many productions of an analogous character. His principal work was a Greek and Eng. Lexicon, begun in 1814, but not finished until 1826. He was more or less familiar with 22 different languages, the Egyptian hieroglyphics, the 717 PIK Malay in several dialects, and particularly the Indian languages of Amer. and of the Polyne sian Islands. In 1806 he was elected Hancock prof, of Hebrew in H.U., and at a later day was invited to fill the chair of Greek literature. Pres. of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, and of the Oriental Soc. of Boston, and a mem ber of many scientific and literary societies in Europe. Pickering, OCTAVIUS, LL.D., legist and naturalist, b. YVvoming, Pa., Sept. 2, 1792; d. Boston, Oct. 29," 1868. H.U. 1810. Adm. to the Suffolk bar, March 6, 1816 ; opened an of fice in Boston, and assisted in reporting the proceedings of the State Const. Conv. in 1820 ; State reporter in 1822-40; and Pickering s "Reports/ in 24 vols. 8vo, form a necessary part of every good law-library. He resided in Europe in 1841-8 ; was many years a member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences; and in Dec. 1814 was one of the founders of the organization now known as the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist. He pub. in 1867 the first vol. of the Life of Col. Timo. Pickering, his father ; with W. H. Gardner, " Report of the Trial of Judge James Prescott," 8vo, 1821. Pickering, TIMOTHY, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 179S), soldier and statesman, b. Salem, Ms., 17 July, 1745; d. there 29 Jan. 1829. H.U. 1763. * Adm. to the bar in 1768, he became the champion and leader of the Whigs of Essex Co. ; was on the com. of corresp. ; and wrote and delivered the address of the people of Sa lem to Gov. Gage, in 1774, on the occasion of the Boston Port Bill. He first opposed an armed resistance to the British troops, when, 26 Feb. 1775, he, while a col. of militia, at a drawbridge in Salem, prevented their crossing to seize some military stores. He had been reg. of deeds ; and in 1775 was app. a judge of C.C.P. for Essex Co., and sole judge of the Maritime Court for the middle dist. He.joined Washington in N. J. in the fall of 1776 with his regt. of 700 men ; was made adj.-gen. of the army in May, 1777 ; was present at the battles of the Brandywine and Germantown; was made by Congress a member of the board of war in Nov. ; and succeeded Greene as quar termaster-gen. 5 Aug. 1780. After the war he resided in Phila., and in 1786 was sent by the govt. to adjust a controversy between various claimants to the Wyoming settlement. During this dispute he was waylaid near Wilkesbarre, Pa., by a band of disguised persons, in June, 1788, imprisoned, ill-treated, and his life threat- oned ; 20 days afterward he re-appeared, but .vas so much changed by his sufferings and hardships, that his cliildren fled affrighted from his presence. (See account of this in his let ter in Hazard s "Register of Pa.," vol. vii.) In 1787 he was the deleg. of Luzerne Co. to the Pa. conv. for considering the U.S. Const., and earnestly favored its adoption ; U.S. post master-gen. 7 Nov. 1791-2 Jan. 1795, and at the same time much employed in negotiations with the Indians ; U. S. sec. of war 2 Jan. 1795-10 Dec. 1795; and U.S. sec. of state 10 Dec. 1795-12 May, 1800. He left office poor, and, building a log-hut for his family, settled on gome wild lands in Pa. The liberality of friends enabled him to return to Salem at the close of 1801. Made chief justice of the Ksseu Co. C.C.P. in 1802; U.S. senator in 1803-11 member of the council in 1811; member of the board of war of Ms. during the war of 1812-15 ; and M.C. 1815-17. He was one of the leaders of the Federal party in the U.S. ; member of the Pa. Const. Conv. of 1790; and was active in promoting the cause of education. He pub. " Easy Plan of Discipline for a Mili tia," Salem, July, 1775 ; "Letter to Gov. Sul livan on the Embargo ; " " Addresses to the People," 1808; "Political Essays," &c., 18mo, 1812; and a severe "Review of the Corresp. between John Adams and W. Cunningham." 1824. He was a talented writer, a brave and patriotic soldier, and a disinterested, able, and energetic public officer. Plain and unassum ing in manner, he excelled in conversation. See Life by his Son Octavius, vol. i. 1867. Pickett, COL. ALBERT JAMES, author of a " History of Alabama," 2 vols. Charleston, 1851 ; b. Anson Co., N.C., Aug. 13, 1810; d. Montgomery, Ala., Oct. 28, 1858. He went with his father to Ala. in 1818; studied law, but never practised ; and, after his marriage in 1832, devoted himself to literary pursuits and the care of his plantation. Pickett, BYRON M., a self-taught sculptor, b. Jordan, Onondaga Co., N.Y. Author of several beautiful marble works, among others " CEnone," exhibited at the Nat. Acad. in 1868. Has recently produced a fine statue of S. F. B. Morse. Pickett, GEN. GEORGE E., b. Richmond, Va., 25 Jan. 1825; d. Norfolk, Va., July 30, 1875. W. Pt. 1846. Won in the Mexican war the brevets of 1 st lieut. and capt. ; capt. 9th Inf. 3 Mar. 1855 ; res. 25 June, 1861. He joined the Confed. army as ccl. Sept. 1861 ; brig.-gen. 14 Feb. 1862 ; maj.-gen. 10 Oct. 1862; severely wounded at Gaines s Mill 27 June, 1862 ; com. a div. at Fredericksburg, at Gettysburg, attack on Newbern, N.C. ; in Feb. 1864 captured Plym outh, N.C.; surrounded and lost most of his div. at Five Forks ; and surrendered with Lee. Pierce. See also PEARCE and PEIRCE. Pierce, BENJAMIN, gov. of N.H. in 1827- 9, b. Chelmsford, Ms., Dec. 25, 1757; d. Hills- borough, N.H., Apr. 1, 1839. His early years were passed in farm-labors. Hearing of the conflict at Lexington, he immediately joined the patriot army at Cambridge ; was in the battle of Bunker s Hill ; earned his commis sion of ensign at the battle of Bemis Heights ; subsequently became a lieut., and served wirh bravery to the close of the war. Afterward a brig.-gen. of militia; from 1789 to 1802 a member of the Gen. Court; in 1803-9 and in 1814-18 councillor; and in 1809-14 and 1818- 23 high sheriff of the county. Father of Franklin Pierce, 14th pres. of the U.S. Pierce, FRANKLIN, 14th pres. U.S., b. Hillsborough, N.H., 23 Nov. 1804; d. Con cord, N.H.; 8 Oct. 1869. Bowd. Coll. 1824. Son of Gov. Benj. He studied law under Levi Woodbury ; was adm. to the bar in 1 827 ; prac tised first at Hillsborough, and ab. 1838 moved to Concord. In 1 834 he m. Jane Means, dau. of Rev. Dr. Appleton. M.C. in 1833-7 ; U.S. senator 1837-42 ; he refused the offices of atty.- gen. and sec. of war, tendered by Mr. Polk ; 718 vigorously supported the annexation of Texas; was made col. 16th U.S. Inf. after the breaking- out of the Mexican war; app. brig.-gen. 3 Mar. 1 847 ; com. a large re-enforcement for the army of Gen. Scott, and was severely in jured by the fall of his horse upon his leg 19 Aug. 1847. He presided over the N.II. Const. Conv. in the winter of 1850-1. At the Na tional Dcmoc. conv., June, 1852, the prominent candidates for the presidency were Cass, Bu chanan, and Douglas. After 35 ballots with out decisive result, the name of Gen. Pierce was proposed ; and he was nominated on the 49th ballot. He was elected for the term of Mar. 4, 1853-7, receiving 254 electoral votes to 42 for his Whig competitor, Gen. Scott. In his inaug. he denounced the agitation of slave ry. His administration was signalized by the acquisition from Mexico of Arizona ; the or ganization of the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska, by which the Mo. Compromise Act was repealed, and slavery permitted to enter those Territories, a measure which aroused the indignation of the free States, and created great excitement ; and by the troubles in Kan sas, caused by the efforts to make of it a slave State, contrary to the wishes of a large major ity of its citizens. In Aug. 1854, Mr. Pierce directed the American ambassadors, Buchanan, Mason, and Soule, to confer on the best means of acquiring Cuba. They met at Ostend, and issued the " Ostend Manifesto," the purport of which was, that, if Spain would not sell Cuba, the Americans would take it by force. He used his official influence to promote the de signs of the proslavery party in Kansas. Jan. 24, 1 856, he sent a message to Congress, rep resenting the formation of a free-State govt. in Kansas as an act of rebellion. During the Rebellion, he was strongly in sympathy with the secessionists. As a lawyer he acquired an extensive practice. See his Life by Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1852. Pierce, GEORGE EDMOND, D.D. (Mid. Coll. 1838), pres. W. Res. Coll. 1834-55, b. Southbury, Ct., 9 Sept. 1794; d. Hudson, O., 27 May, 1871. Y.C. 1816; And. Theol. Sem. 1821. Principal Fairficld Acad. 1816-18; ord. pastor Cong, church, Harwinton, 10 July, 1822. Pierce, GEORGE FOSTER, D.D., bishop of the M. E. Church, b. Greene Co., Ga., Feb. 3, 1811. Franklin Coll. 1829. He began to study law, but was adm. into the Ga. conf. at Macon in 1830. With the exception of the year 1834, during which he was stationed in Chtirleston, S.C., he labored in the regular ministry in various parts of Ga. until 1838-9, when he became first pres. of the Ga. female (now Wesleyan) college in Macon. While here, he edited, jointly with P. Pendleton, the Southern Lady s Boole. Pres. of Emory Coll., Ga., from 1848 until his election to the episco pacy in 1854. Author of " Incidents of West ern" Travel," ed. by T. 0. Summers, D.D., I2mo, 1857. Pierce, JOHN, dep. paymaster-gen. Revol. army ; d. N.Y. City, July, *1 788. Pierce, JOHN," DJX (H.U. 1822), Cong, minister, b. Dorchester, Ms., July 14, 1773; d. Brookline, Ms., Aug. 24, 1849. H.U. 1793. Tutor, 1796. The son of a shoemaker. He spent two years in teaching, and then studied theology ; and Mar. 15, 1797, was ord. over the First Cong. Church, Brookline, Ms., of which he was sole pastor for half a century. Member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, and of the Ms. Hist. Soc. For several years he was pres. of the Ms. Bible Soc. In all matters appertain ing to family and literary statistics he was a prodigy. Pie had 18 quarto vols. of 600 pages each, of his own MS., containing memoirs and memorabilia. He pub. " Half-century Dis course at Brookline, Mar. 1847 ; " Sketch of Brookline," in " Ms. Hist. Colls.," 2d ser. vol ii. Pierce, WILLIAM, statesman, of Ga., aide- de-camp to Gen. Greene in the Revol. war, and presented with a sword by Congress ; dele gate to the Old Congress from Ga. 1786-7 ; and member of the conv. which framed the U.S. Constitution. He pub. his impressions of the members of that body in a Savannah paper long afterward. Pierpont, JOHN, clergyman and poet, b. Litchficld, Ct., Apr. 6, 1785 ; d. Medford, Ausr. 27,1866. Y.C. 1804. A lineal descendant of Rev. James Pierpont, the second minister of New Haven (1685-1714), and supposed to be allied to the noble English family of the name which held the earldom of Kingston. He was an assist, in Dr. Backus s acad. at Bethlem ; went to S.C. in the autumn of 1805, and passed nearly 4 years as a private tutor in the family of Col. William Alston. After his return in 1809 he studied law at the school in Litchfield ; was adm. to the Essex Co. bar in 1812, and practised for a time in Ncvvburyport. His health demanding more active employment, he relinquished his profession, and engaged in mercantile life, first in Boston, and afterwards at Baltimore, but quitted it in 1816, and pub. his " Airs of Palestine," which soon reached a third edition. He next studied theology, and Apr. 14, 1819, was ord. pastor of the Hollis-st. Church, Boston. In 1835 he visited Europe. On his return he resumed his pastoral charge in Boston, where he continued until May 10, 1845. The freedom with which he expressed his opinions, especially in regard to the temper ance cause, had given rise to some feel ing before his departure for Europe; and in 1838 there sprung up between himself and a portion of his parish a controversy which lasted 7 years, when, after triumphantly sustaining himself against the charges of his adversaries, he requested a dismissal. He then became for 4 years pastor of a. Unitarian Church in Troy, X.Y. ; Aug. 1, 1849, was settled over a church in Medford ; resigned Apr. 6, 1856. A zealous reformer, he powerfully advocated the temperance and anti- slavery movements ; was the candidate of the Liberty party for gov., and, in 1850, of the Free- soil party for Congress. After the Rebellion broke out, though 76 years of age, he went into the field as chaplain" in a Ms. regt., but was soon employed in the treasury dept. at Wash ington. In addition to his poetical works, pub. at Boston, 12mo, 1840, he pub. several popular school-readers, and some 20 occasional sermons and discourses. Pierrepont, EDWARDS, jurist and lawyer, IPIE 719 h. North Haven, Ct., 1817. Y.C. 1837; New- Haven Law School. A descendant of James, one of the founders of Yale Coll. In 1840-5 he practised law in Columbus, O., since practising in N.Y. City, where he has for many years been eminent at the bar. Judge N.Y. Sup. Court 1857-60; member Const. Conv. of 1867 ; U.S. atty. for the south, dist. of N.Y. 1869- July, 1870. Formerly a Democ., in 1861 he became a Re-pub. ; zealously supported the admin, of Mr. Lincoln and his re-election in 1864, and aided in the election of Pres. Grant. Pierson, ABRAHAM, first pres. of Y.C. 1701-7, b. Lynn, Ms., 1641 ; d. May 5, 1707. H.U. 1668. Abraham his father, first minister of Southampton, L.I. (b. Yorkshire, Eng., 1608, d. Any. 9, 1678), was one of the first settlers of Newark in 1667, and was the first minis ter of that town. Preached to the Indians of Long Island in their own language, and contrib. " Some Helps for the Indians in N. Haven Colony to a Further Account of the Prog ress of the Gospel in N.E.," 1659. His son was ord. colleague with him at Newark, N. J., March 4, 1672, and was minister of Killing- worth, Ct., from 1694 till his death. Sprague. Pierson, HAMILTON WILCOX, D.D., b. Bergen, N.Y. Un. Coll. ; Union Theol. Sem. Pres. of Col. Coll., Ky., 1858. Author of " Jefferson at Monticello," 8vo, 1862. Edited Amcr. Missionary Memorial, 8vo, 1853 ; and contrib. to periodicals. Allibone. Pierson, ISAAC, D.D., physician of Orange, N. J., 40 years, b. Aug. 15, 1770; d. Sept. 22, 1833. N. J. Coll. 1789. Fellow of the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, N.Y. M.C. 1827-31. Pigot, SIR ROBERT, aBritishgen., b. 1720; d. Aug. 1, 1796. Maj. 10th Foot, May 5, 1758; lieut.-col. Feb. 1764; col. 38th Foot, June, 1776; maj.-gen. Aug. 1777 ; lieut.-gen. Nov. 1782. At the battle of Bunker s Hill he com. the left wing ; and to his activity, bravery, and firmness much of the success of that day was owing. So highly did he distinguish himself, that he received "as a reward for this service the colo nelcy of the 38th Foot. He had a com. in R.I. in Aug. 1778, and superseded Prescott at New port soon after. Pike, ALBERT, poet, b. Boston, Dec. 29, 1809. H.U. 1859. Son of a journeyman shoemaker. When he was 4 years old, the family removed to Newburyport. He entered H.U. at the age of 16, but, unable to support himself there, taught at Newburyport and Fair- haven; in the spring of 1831 he went to St. Louis, travelling much of the way on foot; joined an exped. to N. Mexico ; and for a year was either a merchant s clerk or a peddler in Santa Fe; in Sept. 1832 he accomp. some trappers, from whom he separated with 4 others ; travelled 500 miles on foot, and reached Fort Smith, Ark., " without a rag of clothing, a dollar in money, or knowing a person in the territory." He contrib. poetry to the Ark. Advocate; became a partner in the concern, which he bought out in 1834, and continued to edit the paper until 1836, when he was adm. to the bar, to which he subsequently devoted himself. He pub: " Prose Sketches and Poems," Boston, 12mo, 1834. The "Hymns to the Gods " were composed while he was teaching in Fairhaven. Some of his fugitive poeins have appeared in periodicals; and in 1854 a coll. of his poems, entitled " Nugce," was printed at Phila., but never pub. He was prominent as a State-rights man ; served with distinction as a vol. in the Mexican war ; and com. a com pany of Ark. cavalry. He organized a body of Cherokee Indians, whom he led, in the early part of the Rebellion, and took part with them in the battle of Pea Ridge, sharing in the Con fed. defeat. He edited the Memphis Appeal in 1867-8; "Reports of the Sup. Ct. of Ark.," 5 vols. 8vo, 1840-5; "The Arkansas Form- Book," 8vo, 1845 ; " Statutes, &c., of the An cient and Accepted Scottish Rite," 1859. Pike, MRS. FRANCES WEST (ATHERTON), b. Prospect, Me., 1819; wife of Rev. Richard Pike. Author of " Step by Step," 1857 ; "Here and Hereafter," 1858; "Katharine Morris, an Autobiography," 1858. Contrib. to the Monthly Religious Mag. 1855. and to the Child s True Friend 1858. Allibone. Pike, MRS. MART H. (GREENE), b. East- port, Me., 1827. Author of " Ida May," 1854 ; " Caste," 1856 ; " Agnes," 1858 ; " Bond and Free," 1858; "Entanglements," 2 vols. 1863; " Cum worth House," 3 vols. 1864; "The Cypresses," 1867; "My Son s Wife," 1868. Contrib. to Graham s, Harper s, and Atlantic magazines. Wife of F. A. Pike of Calais, M.C. 1861-9. Pike, NICHOLAS, author of a popular trea tise on Arithmetic, pub. in 8vo, 1788, b. Somersworth, N.H., Oct. 6, 1743; d. New buryport, Ms., Dec. 9, 1819. H.U. 1766. He was the son of Rev. James, and a descendant of John of Newbury, 1635, and was a justice of the peace for Essex County. Pike, ZEBULON MONTGOMERY, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Lambcrton, N. J., 5 Jan. 1779; killed at York, near Toronto, U.C., 27 Apr. 1813. Zebulon his father (b. N. J. 1751, d. Lawrenceburg, Ind., 27 July, 1834) was a capt. Revol. army; also in St. Glair s defeat in 1791; and was brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A. 10 July, 1812. The son was app. a cadet in the regt. of his father. 3 Mar. 1799 ; 1st lieut. in Nov. ; and was made capt. in Aug. 1806. Skilled in mathematics and in the languages, he was app., after the purchase of La., to conduct an exped. to trace the Mpi. to its head ; leaving St. Louis 9 Aug. 1805, he performed this service satis factorily, returning after 8 months and 20 days of exploration, and exposure to constant hardship. In 1806-7 he was engaged in geog. explorations of La., during vvhich, being found on Spanish territory, he with his party was taken to Santa Fe , and after a long examina tion, and the seizure of his papers, was escorted home, arriving at Natchitoches 1 July, 1807. In 1810 he pub. a narrative of his expeditions, with valuable maps and charts. Receiving the thanks of govt., he was made mnj. 6th Inf. 3 May, 1808; lieut.-col. 4th Inf. 31 Dec. 1809 ; dep. quartern). -gen. 3 Apr. 1812; col. 15th Inf. 3 July, 1812; brig.-gen. 12 Mar. 1813. Early in 1813 he was assigned to the principal army as adj. and insp.-gen., and was selected to com. an exped. against York, the capital of Upper Canada. Landing under a heavy fire, he charged the enemy in person, and put them 720 to flight, carried one battery by assault, and was moving to the attack of the main works, when the explosion of the British magazine mortally wounded him, speedily causing his death. Pillmore, JOSEPH, D.D., b. Tadmouth, Yorkshire, Eng., Oct. 31, 1739; d.Phila. July 24, 1825. Came to the U.S. a Meth. preacher in 1769. Ord. Pr.-Ep. Ch. 1785; assist, rector St. Paul s 1789-94; of Christ Ch., New York, 1794-1804 ; of St. Paul s, Phila., from 1804 to his d. Author of " Narrative of Labors in South Wales," 1825. His MS., describing his travels and labors in the different colonies, is in the possession of John Campbell of Phila. (1868). Allibom. Pillow, GEN. GIDEON JOHNSON, lawyer and politician, b. Williamson Co., Tenn., June 8, 1806. U. of Nashville, 1827. Second son of Gideon, and grandson of John Pillow, a soldier of the Revol., who in 1783 settled in the pi-esent city of Nashville. His five sons were all disting. for activity and intrepidity in conflicts with the Indians. He studied law ; practised in Columbia, Tenn., in 1830 ; and in the course of 10 years ranked with the first lawyers of his State. He contrib. materially in 1844 to the nomination and election of Mr. Polk to the presidency, who, July 13, 1846, made him a brig.-gen. Proceeding at once to Mexico with his brigade of Tenn. vols., after a severe illness at Camargo he joined Scott before Vera Crux ; had a conspicuous share in the operations which resulted in the fall of that important place ; and was one of the commiss. to negotiate terms of capitulation. At Cerro Gordo he led the attack on the ene my s right, and was wounded ; mademaj.-gen. Apr. 13, 1847; took part in the subsequent operations upon the city of Mexico, being conspicuous in the battles of Contreras and Churubusco ; and at the storming of Chapul- tepec was severely wounded. He opposed the convention at Tacubaya, and incurred the displeasure of Gen. Scott, whose pointed and offensive remarks constrained the former to call a court of inquiry, where every charge was met and disproved, and his fame cleared of any reproach. Retiring to private life, he devoted himself to the management of his large estate. In 1850 he was a member of the Nash ville Southern Convention, where he delivered a speech against the extreme ground taken by ultra Southern men. In April, 1861, he offered to raise a large force in Tenn. in aid of the secession cause, and was a maj.-gen. in the Conl ed. army. He escaped from Fort Donelson previous to its surrender. Pinckney, CHARLES, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1 787), statesman, b. Charleston, B.C., 1758; d. there Oct. 29, 1824. Grandson of Wm., com- miss.-gen. of S.C. (1703-66). He was educated for the bar. At the capture of Charleston he was made prisoner, and sent to St. Augustine ; mem ber of the legisl. and of the Old Congress in 1784-7 ; member of the conv. which formed the U.S. Const, in 1787 ; pres. of the S.C. Const. Conv. of 1788; gov. of S.C. in 1789-92,1796-8, and 1806-8; U.S. senator 1798-1801 ; a fre quent and able speaker on the Republican side In that body; an active promoter of Jefferson s election to the presidency in 1SOO; minister to Spain in 1802-5, and negotiated a release from that power of all right and title to the terr. purchased by the U.S. from France; was subsequently, at several times, in the State legisl.; and was an M.C. in 1819-21, and an opponent of the Mo. Compromise. Pinckney, CHARLES COTESWORTH, LL.D. (H.U. 1803), Revol. soldier and states man, b. Charleston, B.C., 25 Feb. 1746; d. there 16 Aug. 1825. Son of Chief Justice Charles. Educated at Westminster and Ox ford, Eng. ; read law at the Temple, Lond. ; and passed 9 months in the Roy. Milit. Acad. at Caen, France; returning in 1769, he es tablished himself in the practice of law. Was a member of the first Prov. Congress of S.C. in June, 1775 ; was made a capt., and soon after col. 1st S.C. regt. ; after the successful de fence of Fort Moultrie, he joined the Northern army, and was an aide to Washington at Brandywine and Germantown ; returning south "in the spring of 1778, he took part in the unsuccessful exped. to Fla. In Jan. 1779 he presided over the senate of S.C. He dis played great resolution and intrepidity in the rapid march which saved Charleston from Gen. Prevost, and in the subsequent invasion of Ga. and the assault on the lines of Savannah. In the attack on Charleston, in April, 1780, he was in favor of holding out to the last extrem ity ; and, on its surrender in May, became a prisoner, and suffered a rigorous and cruel confinement. Exchanged in Feb. 17S2 ; made brig.-gen. 3 Nov. 1783. He resumed practice after the war. Was a member of the conv. that framed the U.S. Const., and declined succes sively the places of judge of the U.S Supreme Court, sec. of war, and sec. of state, ten dered him by Washington; maj.-gen. of the State militia ; app. in July, 1796, min.-plenip. to France ; the hostility of the French Direc tory caused the rejection of our conciliatory propositions, and the order to Pinckney to quit the French territory. He withdrew to Amsterdam in Feb. 1797. When war became inevitable, the whole country resounded with his celebrated sentiment, " Millions for defence, but not a cent for tribute." Returning home, he was made by Washington a maj.-gen. Many years an active politician, and was can didate for the vice-presidency in 1800. As a lawyer he was disting. for accurate learning and strength of reasoning. Pinckney, HENRY LAURENS, politician, son of Gov. Charles, b. Charleston, Sept. 24, 1794; d. there Feb. 3, 1863. S.C. Coll. 1812. He studied law with his bro.-in-law Robert Y. Hayne; was adm. to the bar; member of the legisl. in 1816-32; mayor of Charleston in 1832 and 1839-40; M.C." in 1833-7; and sub sequently collector of the port, and a member of the legisl. Editor of the Charleston Mercury in 1819, and a prominent exponent of the State- rights party. Author of Memoirs of Jona than Maxcy, Robert Y. Hayne, and Andrew Jackson. Pinckney, GEN. THOMAS, a Revol. offi cer, and gov. of S.C. 1787-9, b. Charleston, Oct. 23, 1750; d. there Nov. 2, 1828. With his bro. Charles C., he was educated in Eng. ; PEST 721 studied law in the Temple ; and was adra. to the bar in 1770. Joining the Cont. army, he rose to the rank of major; served as aide to Lincoln ; and then with Count D Estaing at the disastrous siege of Savannah in Oct. 1779. He disting. himself in the battle at Stono Fer ry, and was aide to Gen. Gates in the battle near Camden, Aug. 1780, where he was des perately wounded and made prisoner. During Washington s administration he was offered the place of judge of the U.S. Court, which he declined ; minister to Great Britain in 1792-6. In Nov. 1794 he was employed on a mission to the court of Spain, where he made the treaty of St. Ildefonso, securing to the U.S. the free navigation of the Mpi. ; in Dec. 1796 he returned to Charleston ; and was M.C. in 1799-1801. Mar. 27, 1812, President Madison app. him to the command of the 6th milit. dist. His last active field-service was at the bat tle of Horse-shoe Bend, where the military power of the Creeks was finally broken. He m. the dau. of Rebecca Motte. Pine, ROBERT EDGE, portrait-painter, b. Eng. 1742 ; d. Phila. Oct. 1788. Son of John, an Eng. designer and engraver. In 1760 and 1762 he drew the prizes from the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts for the best hist, designs. He painted portraits with some reputation ; and in 1782 exhibited a series of pictures of scenes from Shakspeare. He after ward came to America, and exhibited in Phila., where he was befriended by the Hopkinson family, the earliest cast of the Venus de Medici seen here. His best-known pictures are Wash ington (1785), Gen. Gates, Baron Steuben, Charles Carroll, Gov. Golden, and Dr. Ogil- vie, and " Canute on the Seashore." Pinkney, EDWARD COATE, poet, son of Wm., b. Lond. Oct. 1802 ; d. Baltimore, Apr. 11, 1828, Educated at St. Mary s Coll., Bait. He was in the naval service in 1816-24; then practised law without success ; next failed in an attempt to procure a commission in the na val service of Mexico; and in 1827 assumed for a brief period the control of a polit. journal, the Mart/lander. Author of " Rodol ph and other Poems," 1825. An edition of his poems appeared in 1844 with a brief introd. by N. P. Willis, in the series of the Mirror Librarv, en titled " The Rococo." A biog. notice by Wm. Lcgcrett is in N. Y. Mirror, 1827. Pinkney, WILLIAM, LL.D., lawyer, ora tor, and statesman, b. Annapolis, Md., March 17, 1764; d. Feb. 25, 1822. His father, a na tive of the north of Eng., was a lovalist ; while his son manifested a decided attachment to the cause of his country. He quitted the study of medicine for the law, and in 1783 entered the office of Judge Chase. Adm. to practice in 1786, he soon attracted attention by his ora tory ; delegate to the State conv. to ratify the Federal Const, in 1788, and also to the Md. h. of delegates. He was m. in 1789 to the sister of Com. Rodgers; and in 1790 was elected a member of Congress ; but his seat was contest ed on the ground of his not residing in the dis trict for which he was chosen. After making a powerful argument, and obtaining a favora ble decision, he declined the honor in conse quence of the state of his private affairs. Mem- 46 ber of the exec, council of Md. 1792-5, and again in 1795 a delegate to the legisl. from Anne Arundel Co. While he had thus at tained a disting. political rank, he rose to the head of the bar. In 1796-1804 he was one of the commiss. in Lond. under Jay s treaty, and at the same time recovered for Md. a claim on the Bank of Eng. for $800,000. Atty.-gen. of Md. 1805. In 1806 he was made minister ex traordinary to treat with the British govt. in conjunction with Monroe, after whose return, he was resident min. in 1807-11 ; in Sept. 1811, he was chosen to the State senate from Bait ; was U.S. atty.-gen. Dec. 1811-14. He com. a vol. battalion at the battle of Bladensburg, and was severely wounded; M.C. in 1815-16, and made an able speech on the "treaty-making power." He accepted in Mar. 1816 an app. as special minister to Naples, whence he re paired to the Russian capital as resident minis ter, returning home in 1818 ; U.S. senator from 1820 to his d. ; and made an elaborate and powerful speech against the clause in the bill for the admission of Mo. into the Union, which prohibited the introduction of slaves into the new State. His death was occasioned by over- exertion in the Supreme Court in 1822 in a cause in which he took great interest, at a time when the state of his health unfitted him for application to study and business. See Life by Henry Wheaton, N.Y., 1826; and by fas Nephew, Rev. Wm. Pinkney, D.D., 8vo, 1853. Pintard, JOHN, LL .D., b. N.Y. City, 1759 ; d. there June 21, 1844. N.J. Coll. 1776. He studied but never practised law; during the Revol. was a soldier, and 3 years clerk to his uncle, Lewis Pintard, commissary for Amer. prisoners in New York. Edited the N. Y.Daily Advertiser a short time, then engaged in com merce; was long city inspector; and many years sec. of the Old Mutual Ins. Co. Found er of the N.Y. Hist. Society; a zealous pro moter of other useful institutions, an intelli gent antiquary, and author of a number of papers in periodicals ; among them is an ac count of N. Orleans in the Med. Repository. Vice-pres. Amer. Bible Society. Pinzon (pen-thon), VINCENZIO YANEZ, commanded "The Nina" in the voyage of Columbus (1492). In 1499 he led an exped., and explored a part of the coast of Brazil. Living in 1523. His elder bro., MARTIX ALONZO, who com. "The Pinta" in the first voyage of Columbus, d. 1493. Pise, CHARLES CONSTANTINE, D.D., R.C. clergyman and author, b. Annapolis, Md., 1802; d. Brooklyn, May 26, 1866. Georgct. Coll. His father was an Italian, his mother a native of Phila. He studied theology at Rome 2 years; on his return taught rhetoric and poetry in the sem. of Mount St. Mary s, Em- mettsburg, and was ord. priest in 1825. After six months labor at Fredericktown, Md., he was called to Baltimore, where he wrote his " History of the Church to the Reformation," 5 vols. 1830; "Father Rowland," a tale in answer to " Father Clement; " and the " Pleas ures of Religion, and other Poems." His health failing, he again visited Rome, where ho received the degree of D.D., and the honorary title of Knight of the Roman Empire, lie PIS 722 tvas afterward associate pastor of St. Patrick s Church, Washington, and, through the influ ence of Henry Clay, was app. chaplain of the U.S. senate. Removing to New York, he was settled over several churches successively. In 1849 he resigned his position at St. Peter s Church, and purchased the Emanuel Church, Brooklyn. He was eminent both as a lecturer and preacher. In 1858 he delivered a Latin ode at Emmettsburg on the 50th anniv. of the foundation of Mount St. Mary s College. He pub. a poem entitled "The Acts of the Apostles ; " " Zenosius, or the Pilgrim Con vert ; " " Indian Cottage ; " " Aktheia, or Letters on the Truth of the Catholic Doc trines ; " " Letters to Ada ; " " Christianity aud the Church ; " " Lives of St. Ignatius and his First Companions ; " " Notes on a Protes tant Catechism," &c. ; the " Catholic Bride ; " and "Horce Vagabondae," sketching Irish scenery and manners. Pison (pee-son), WILLIAM, a Dutch natu ralist and physician, accomp. the Prince of Nassau to Brazil in 1637. The researches of Pison, and his companion Marggrav, entitled "Natural History of Brazil," were pub. in 1648. Pitcairn (pit-kara), JOHN, a British offi cer, killed at Bunker s Hill, June 17, 1775. He was of Fifcshire, Scotland. Capt. of ma rines Jan. 10, 1765 ; major in April, 1771. He led the advance in the exped. to Lexington on the morning of Apr. 19, 1775, and, surround ing the militia company there, ordered it to disperse. The conflict that ensued began the armed struggle that ended in Amer. independ ence. Pitcairn was charged with having given the order to fire on the Americans, but insisted to his dying day that the colonists fired first. He behaved with great gallantry at Bunker s Hill, where he was shot dead while entering the redoubt. His eldest son David, an eminent physician of Lond., d. in 1809. In the dis putes between the soldiers and the people of Boston, he was the only British officer who dealt fairly with the latter. Pitcher, THOMAS G., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ind. West Point, 1845. Served in 8th Inf. through the Mexican war, and brev. 1st Kent. 20 Aug. 1847, for Contreras and Churubusco; adj. 8th Inf. 1849-54; capt. 19 Oct. 1858; brig.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; maj. 16th Inf. 19 Sept. 1863 ; col. 44th Inf. 28 July, 1866; 1st Inf. 15 Dec. 1870. He served in the Va. campaign June- Aug. 1862, and brev. maj. 9 Aug. 1862 for Cedar Mountain, where he was severely wounded, and brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for gallant and merit, services dur ing the Rebellion. Superint. U.S. Milit. Acad. since 28 Aug. 1866. Cuiluin. Pitkin, TIMOTHY, LL.D. (Y.C. 1829), author, b. Farmington, Ct., 21 Jan. 1766; d. N. Haven, Dec. 18, 1847. Y.C. 1785. Son of Timo., minister of Farmington in 1752-85. A lawyer by profession ; member, and 5 times speaker, of the Icgisl.; M.C. 1806-20; and again in the State legisl. He was a Federalist, and was in Congress esteemed good authority upon the political history of the country. Author of " Statistical View of the Commerce of the U.S.," 8vo, 1816, and revised in 1835; " Political and Civil History of the U.S./ 1763-97, 2 vols. 8vo, 1828. He left a continu ation of this work to the close of his own po liiical life, in MS. Pitkin, WILLIAM, gov. of Ct. 1766-9 ; d East Hartford, Oct. 1, 1769. Son of WILLIAM, chief justice of Ct. (app. 1713), b. Middlesex, Eng., 1664; d. Hartford, Ct., Apr. 5, 1723. Member of the council from 1734; app. a judge of the Supreme Court in 1741, and lieut.-gov. and chief justice in 1754-66. In 1754 he was one of the delegates to the conv. at Albany, aud one of the committee app. to prepare the plan of union which was adopted on that oc casion. Pizarro, FRANCISCO, conqueror of Peru, b. Truxillo, Spain, ab. 1471 ; d. Lima, June 26, 1541. Though the illegitimate son of a gentleman by a peasant-girl, and obliged to tend hogs for a support, he possessed an un daunted courage, and, with other adventurers, came to America. In 1 5 1 he was in the exped. to Uraba under Ojeda ; was with Baiboa when he discovered the Pacific Ocean ; was afterward in several expeds. under Gov. Pedro Arias ; and settled as a planter near Panama. In 1524 he joined with Almagro and Luynes in a search for hitherto-undiscovered countries ; explored a part of the Pacific coast, and underwent ex treme hardship. In a second attempt, in 1526, he explored a part of Peru, and entered the wealthy city of Tumbez. He went to Spain in 1528, and obtained from Charles V. author ity to conquer the great South-Amer. empire, but was himself obliged to find the means. After incredible hardships, and unceasing per severance, he in 1531, with 177 men, penetrat ed into Peru, and perfidiously seized the mon arch Atahualpa, who had come to the Spanish camp for a friendly interview, and whom he cruelly and inhumanly put to death. With this insignificant force, Pizarro, entering Cuz- co, the capital, in Nov. 1533, overthrew the dominion of the Peruvian incas, which ex tended over 35 degrees of latitude, over many millions of a civilized and wealthy population, and which was sustained by large armies of well-disciplined veteran soldiers. In 1538 Pi zarro and Almagro quarrelled for the supe riority ; and the latter was defeated, and put to death; but his son and friends, uniting against the victor, assassinated him in his palace. He founded the city of Lima. His descendants, bearing the title of Marquis of the Conquest, are still to be found at Truxillo in Spain. GON- ZALO and HERNANDO, his bros., assisted him in his conquest. The former rebelled against the successor of his bro. Francis, and was executed at Cuzco in 1548. Hcmando in 1540 returned to Spain, but through the in fluence of the friends of Almagro, whom he had put to death, was for 20 years imprisoned in the fortress of Medina del Campo, and d. ab. 1565. PEDRO, a relative, wrote an "Ac count of the Discovery and Conquest of Peru," pub. ab. 1847. Placide, HENRY, comedian, b. Charleston, S.C., Sept. 8, 1799; d. Babylon, L.I., Jan. 23, 1870. Son of Alexander, a dancer and panto- mimist, who d. 1812. He was for more than 20 years a favorite in New York, where he 723 FLU was manager of the old Park Theatre in its palmy days. His first appearance was at Charleston when he was 9 years old. App. at the Park Theatre, N.Y., Sept. 2, 1823, as Zekiel Homespun in " The Hcir-at-Law." In 1838 he appeared at the Haymarket, London, as Sir Peter Teazle. He was the original Sir Harcourt Courtly in this country. He played successful engagements in the principal cities of the U.S. and Eng^., and was a prime favor ite in and long a resident of New Orleans. He took leave of the stage at the Winter Garden, New York, in 1865, in the part of Corporal Cartouche. Thomas his brother comic actor of merit ; d. Toms River, N. J., July 20, 1877. Plater, GEORGE, judge of the Md. Court of Appeals; member of the Old Congress 1778- 81; pres. of the conv. which in 1788 ratified the U.S. Const., and gov. of Md. in 1792; d. Annapolis, Feb. 10, 1792, a. 56. W. and M. Coll. 1753. Platt, JONAS, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1824), judge N.Y. Sup. Court, and M.C. 1799-1801 ; d. Peru, N.Y., 1834. Pleasonton, ALFRED, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Washington, D.C., Jan. 1824. West Point, 1844. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he joined the 2d in 1845; accomp. the army to the Rio Grande, and was brev. 1st lieut. for a gallant charge on the enemy s batteries at Resaca de la Pal ma. He afterward served in Cal., New Mexico, and Texas ; was acting assist, adj.-gen. to Gen. Harney during the Sioux exped. ; adj.-gen. in 1856-60 in his cam paign in Florida, and his operations in Kansas, Oregon, and Washington Territories ; made capt. March 3, 1855 ; acting col. 2d cav. in the fall of 1861; maj. Feb. 15, 1862 ; brig.-gen. vols. July 16, 1862; maj.-gen. vols. 22 June, 1863. He served through the peninsular campaign ; took com. of Gen. Stoneman s cavalry brigade ; and, when Gen. M Clellan crossed the Potomac in Oct., he led the vanguard. He was in the battle of Fredericksburg ; and at Chancellors- ville he saved the army after the rout of the 1 1 th corps ; he com. the cavalry at Gettysburg, and in Mo. during the Price raid, in which he did efficient service, finally routing Price at the Marais des Cygnes. Resigned Jan. 1868. Brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A. for Antietam, col. for Gettys burg, brig.-gen. for campaign against Price in Mo., and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for gallant and merit, services during the Rebellion. He after ward embarked in manuf. and mining enter prises ; was made collector of the 4th Dist. in 1869; and was U.S. revenue coll. Dec. 1870 to 8 Aug. 1871. PleasantS, JAMES, gov. of Va. 1822-5, b. 1 769 ; d. Goochland Co. Nov. 9, 1 836. Delegate to the Assembly in 1796 ; clerk 1803-10 ; M.C. in 1811-19; U.S. senator in 1819-22; and in 1 829-30 a member of the State Const. Conv. Twice app. to the bench, he declined from a distrust of his qualifications. His son JOHN HAMPDEN d. Richmond, Va., Feb. 27, 1846, from wounds in a duel with Thos. Ritchie, jun. He was a man of disting. talents, founder of the Richmond Whig, and its chief editor 22 years. Plessis, JOSEPH OCTAVE, R. C. bishop of Quebec, b. Montreal, March 3, 1762 ; d. Que bec, Dec. 4, 1825. Son of a blacksmith. Ord priest, March 11, 1786; was employed as prof, of humanity at the Coll. of St. Raphael, also as secretary to the bishop of Quebec, and curate of the capital; Sept. 6, 1797, he was made coadjutor to Bishop Denault ; Apr. 26, 1800, he was app. bishop of Canatte, in Pales tine, with the succession to the seat at Quebec, of which he became incumbent, Jan. 17, 1806. He founded the coll. at Nicolet, as well as primary schools at Quebec. He was called by the crown to the legisl. council in 1818, and proved himself a loyal and patriotic sena tor. In 1799 he pronounced an oration at Quebec on the occasion of the naval battle of Aboukir. See Ferland s Biog., Notice of, Que bec, 8vo, 1864. Plumer, WILLIAM, lawyer and politician of N.H., b. Newburyport, Ms., June 25, 1759 ; d. Epping, N.H., Dec. 22, 1850. A descendant of Francis of Boston in 1634, who d. in New- bury. With his father s family he removed to Epping in 1768. Possessing a vigorous, in quisitive mind, as well as great industry, he became one of the best scholars in the Granite State. Adm. to the bar in 1787 ; acquired an extensive practice ; was a learned and shrewd practitioner ; and for many years was solicitor for Rockingham Co. During 8 years, two of which he was speaker, he was a rep. to the State legisl. ; was subsequently in the State senate, of which body he was twice pres. ; in 1792 he was a delegate to the State Const. Conv., and was active in embodying in that instrument many of the distinctive features still pertaining to it; U.S. senator in 1802-7; gov. of N.H. 1812-13 and 1816-19. During the last 30 years of his life he gave himself up to literary pursuits, being a considerable con tributor to the periodical press, under the sig nature of " Cincinnatus." Author of " Ap peal to the Old Whigs," 1805; "Address to the Clergy," 1814, &c. His Life was written by his son, and edited by Rev. A. P. Peabody, D.D., 8vo, 1856. His son WILLIAM (b. Oct. 9, 1789, d. Epping, 18 Sept. 1854, H.U. 1809) was frequently in the house and senate of N.H. ; M.C. 1819-25; member of the State Const. Conv. of 1850. Pub. " Youth, or Scenes from the Past, and other Poems," 12mo, 1841 ; " Manhood," c., a series of poems, Boston, 12mo, 1843. Plumer, WILLIAM SWAN, D.D., LL.D., b. Darlington, Pa., 1802. Wash. Coll., Va., 1825; Princeton Theol. Sem. Ord. in the Presb. church in 1827 ; preached in various places in Va., N.C., Md., and Pa. Prof, of theol. in the Allegh. Sem. in 1854-62, and in the Theol. Sem., Columbia, S.C., since 1866. Author of " Thoughts on Relig. Education," &c., 1836; " Argument against Indiscriminate Incorp. of Churches," 8vo, 1847 ; " The Bible True, and Infidelity Wicked ; " " Plain Thoughts for Children;" "The Church and her Enemies," 1856; "Rome against the Bible," &c., 1854; "Vital Godliness," 1865; " Jehovah Jireh," 1866 ; " Studies in the Book of Psalms," 8vo, 1866; "Rock of our Salva tion," 1867; "Words of Truth and Love, c. Allibone. Plumley, BENJAMIN RUSH, Newton, 724 FOE Pa., 1816. Author of "Rachel Lockwood;" " Kathalecn McKinley ; " " Lays of the Early Quakers," in the Knickerbocker; and of " Ori ental Ballads, " Abd El Hassan/ &c., in the Atlantic Monthly and Knickerbocker ; and is a contrib. to periodicals. Atlibone. Plummer, GEN. JOSEPH B., b. Barre, Ms., in 1820; d. Corinth, Mpi., Aug. 9, 1862. West Point, 1841. Entering the 1st Inf., he became 1st lieut. March 15, 1848; capt. May 1, 1852 ; and maj. 8th Inf. Apr. 25, 1862. He served with distinction in Florida and Mexico ; rendered valuable service to Gen. Lyon in the capture of Camp Jackson, Mo., May 10, 1861 ; com. a battalion of regulars in the battle of Wilson s Creek, Mo., Aug. 10, and was severely wounded ; became col. 1 1 th Mo. Vols. 25 Sept. 1861 ; com. at Cape Girardeau, Mo., and de feated Jeff. Thompson at Frederick town, Mo., Oct. 21, killing 158, and capturing 42 prisoners and one cannon ; was made brig.-gen. Oct. 22, 1861 ; participated in the capture of New Ma drid and Island No. 10, and served under Gen. Pope in the campaign near Corinth, Mpi., until July, 1862. Plympton, JOSEPH, col. U.S.A., b. Sud- bury, Ms., March 24, 1787 ; d. Staten Island, June 5, 1860. App. lieut. 4th Inf. Jan. 3, 1812 ; capt. June, 1821 ; maj. 2d Inf. Sept. 22, 1840; lieut.-col. 7th Inf. Sept. 9, 1846; col. 1st Inf. June 9, 1853. Disting. on the North ern frontier in the warof 1812-15 ; com. in at tack on Seminole Indians, near Dunn s Lake, Fla., Jan. 25, 1842; com. his regt. through the campaign of Gen. Scott in Mexico ; and won brevets for gallantry at Cerro Gordo and Con- treras. Pocahontas, the celebrated daughter of the Indian chief Powhatan, b. ab. 1595; d. Gravesend, Eng., March, 1617. She discov ered the warmest friendship for the colonists of Va., which was remarkably displayed in 1607, when Capt. John Smith was taken pris oner, and about to be put to death. She inter posed herself between the uplifted war-club and the intended victim, and prevailed upon her father to spare his life. (Considerable doubt has been thrown upon this romantic story by Mr. Charles Deane ; see Preface to his ed. of Smith s " True Relation," and Rev. E. D. Neill s " Hist, of the Va. Comp. of Lond.") She was subsequently a frequent visitor to the set tlements, to which she furnished provisions in times of great need. Informed in 1609 of an intended plot to destroy Smith and his party, she ventured alone through the forest at mid night to disclose it to Smith. Ab. the year 1612, while on a visit to Japazaws, chief of the Potomac, the latter sold her to Capt. Argall for a copper kettle ; and, while a negotiation was pending with her father for her ransom, she was m. at Yorktown, Apr. 1613, to Mr. Thomas Rolfe, an Englishman of respectable character, with whom early in 1616 she em barked for Eng., where she was baptized, ex changing her Indian name for that of Rebecca. In London she received a visit from her former friend, Capt. Smith, who, for some unknown purpose, she had been taught to believe was lead. She was introduced to the nobility and gentry by Smith, and was introduced at court by Lady De la War. Mr. Rolfe was app. sec. and recorder-gen, of Va. After a short residence in England, as she was ab. to embark from Gravesend, in company with her husband, to revisit her native land, she d. at the age of 22, leaving one son, who was educated by his uncle in London, and afterwards became a wealthy and disting. character in Virginia. Poe, ADAM, D.D., a Meth. clergyman, b. Columbiana Co., 0., July 21, 1804; d. June 26, 1868. His youth was spent on his father s farm. He became an itinerant in 1826; was adm. to the annual conf. in 1 827 ; was a circuit preacher until 1835 ; pres. elder of the Wooster dist. 1835-9 ; was stationed at Mansfield and Delaware, and presided over different districts from 1839 to 1852 ; assist, agent of the Western Book Concern 1852-60 ; and became principal agent in 1 860. Dr. Poe was one of the best- known clergymen of his denomination ; took a deep interest in education ; and may almost be said to have founded the O. Wesleyan Confer ence. Poe, EDGAR ALLAN, poet, b. Baltimore, Jan. 26, 1809 ; d. there Oct. 7, 1849. His father, who was the son of David Poe, a disting. offi cer of the Md. line of the Revol. army, was a lawyer, but, marrying an actress, went" himself upon the stage; and in a few years both died, leaving 3 young children entirely destitute. Edgar was adopted by a wealthy citizen of Richmond, John Allan ; was 4 or 5 years at a school at Stoke Newington, near London ; and was afterwards expelled from the U. of Va. for bad conduct. He set out to join the Greeks in their struggle for indep. ; and after a year s stay in Europe returned home, and, by Mr. Allan s influence, received a cadetship at West Point ; ignominiously expelled at the end of ten months, he was kindly received by Mr. Allan, who was, however, compelled to turn him out of doors on account of his conduct towards his wife. In 1 829 he pub. " Al Aaraaff Tamerlane, and minor Poems." Not succeeding at first in the pursuit of literature as a profession, he enlisted as a private soldier, but soon deserted. He next competed successfully for two prizes of $100 each, offered by an editor in Baltimore. J. P. Kennedy the novelist relieved his desti tution, and procured him the editorship of the Southern Lit. Messenger at Richmond. While here he m. his cousin Virginia Clemm, with whom, after being dismissed for his excesses by the publisher of the Alessenger, he removed to New York in Jan. 1837. Here, in 1838, he pub. " The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym ; " then edited Burton s Gentleman s Mag. one year at Phila. ; edited Graham s Mag. for a year; in 1840 pub. "Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque;" and pub. in N. York, in Feb. ^1845, the poem of " The Raven," which made him famous. He then edited the Broadway Journal, but was so poor, that public appeals for pecuniary aid were made in his be half by the newspapers. His wife died, and in 1849 he went to Richmond, where he formed an engagement with a lady of considerable for tune ; but, before the day app . for their mar riage, he d. in Baltimore of delirium tremnis. Among his prose productions are " The Gold Bug," " The Fall of the House of Usher. 725 " The Murders in the Rue Morgue," " The Purloined Letter," " The Conchologist s First Book." His poems are characterized by in genuity, melody, and taste, though upon gloomy and fantastic topics. His works were edited by R. W. Griswold, 4 vols. 1850. See Mrs. Whitman s " Edgar Poe and his Critics," I860. Poindexter, GEORGE, lawyer and poli tician, b. London Co., Va., 1779; d. Jackson, Mpi., Sept. 5, 1853. Of Huguenot ancestry; left an orphan at an early age. He studied law at Richmond. In 1802 he removed from Mil ton, Va., where he had practised law for a year or two with success, to Mpi., and was in 1803 made atty.-gen. of the Territory ; was its dele gate to Congress in 1807-13; M.C. 1817-19; gov. 1819-21; U.S. senator 1831-5; and af terward a commiss. to investigate the Swart- wout defalcation. In one of his many person al and political quarrels, he killed in a duel Abijah Hunt, a leading merchant in the South west ; he was accused of unfairness in this quarrel, out of which grew bitter and pro longed controversies. In 1813-17 he was U.S. dist. judge for Mpi. He made the ablest speech on the conduct of Gen. Jackson, in the house in 1819, and to it Jackson in great measure owed his triumphant acquittal. He deserted his party, however, on the bank ques tion ; and became exceedingly obnoxious to Jackson by voting for Clay s resolution cen suring the executive. He practised his profes sion from 1821 to 1831, and removed to Louis ville, Ky., in 1835. He pub. " Revised Code of the Laws of Mpi.," 8vo, 1824. See Biog. Sketch, Washington, 8vo, 1835. Poinsett, JOEL ROBERTS, LL.D., states man, b. Charleston, S.C., Mar. 2, 1779 ; d. Statesburg, S.C., Dec. 12, 1851. Of Hugue not descent, and the last of his family.; he was taken to Eng. by his parents while a child, re turning to Charleston in 1788. Educated at Greenfield, Ct., under Pres. Dwight, in 1793-5 ; he went abroad for his health in 1796, travelled in Europe and Asia, and studied medicine and military affairs. Returning home in 1809, he was sent by Pres. Madison to S. America to ascertain the condition of the people, and their prospects of success in the revol. just begun. After establishing friendly and commercial re lations with Buenos Ayres, he crossed the continent to Chili. The Spanish authorities of Peru having seized and condemned several Arner. vessels, invaded Chili, and seized 10 Amor, whale-ships at Talcahuano, Mr. Poin sett, with a small force of Chilians, retook Tal cahuano, and liberated the vessels. Hearing of the declaration of war with Eng., he de termined to return home and enter the army ; but peace was declared before he arrived. On his return to S.C. he was elected to the State legisl., and secured the construction of the im portant road over the Saluda Mountain. M.C. 1821-5 ; and discharged an important mis sion to Mexico in 1822, during the brief reign of Iturbide ; minister to Mexico in 1825-9, and negotiated a treaty of commerce; while there he maintained his personal independence with spirit and couruge during scenes of pecu liar difficulty in the revol outbreaks of the times. He returned home to lead the Unior. party of S.C. in the nullification struggle ; and was sec. of war under Van Buren in 1837-41; opposed to nullification, secession, and the Mexican war. He delivered a discourse on the " Promotion of Science," at the first anniv. of the Nat. Institution ; pub. " Notes on Mexico, made in 1822," Phila. 1824, and some essays and orations on topics of manuf. and agric. in dustry. He endowed the Nat. Institution with a valuable museum. Founder of an Acad. of Fine Arts at Charleston. Nat. Port. Gall. Polk, JAMES KNOX, llth pres. of the U.S., b. Mecklenburg Co., N.C., Nov. 2, 1795; d. Nashville, Tenn., June 15, 1849. U. of N.C. 1818. His family, originally named Pol lock, came from Ireland early in the 18th cen tury; and his great-uncle Thomas was disting. in the Revol. His father Samuel, a farmer, and a stanch Jeffersonian, removed to Tenri. in the fall of 1806. Mr. Polk studied in the office of Felix Grundy ; was adm. to the Co lumbia bar in 1820, soon taking a high posi tion ; member of the legisl. in 1823-5 ; M.C. 1825-39, and speaker 1835-9; gov. of Tenn. in 1839-40; nominated to the presidency by the Democ. conv. at Baltimore, May 29, 1844 ; and elected by 170 votes to 105 for Henry Clay, the prime issue being the annexation of Texas. He was the early friend of Jackson, and strongly supported his measures while in Congress, opposing federal appropriations for internal improvements, a protective tariff, and a national bank; and was one of the most conspicuous adversaries of the administration of John Quincy Adams. In the session of 1833-4, as chairman of the com. of ways and means, he vindicated with much force the eon- duct of the pres. in ordering the removal of the public deposits from the Bank of the U.S. His administration was one of the most im portant in our history ; it covers the settle ment of the Oregon-boundary question, the cre ation of the dept. of the interior, the admission of Wisconsin as a State, the annexation of Texas and the consequent war with Mexico, and acquisition of New Mexico and California. He labored to organize the national treasury on the principles of the Constitution, and in troduced into the govt. many financial and commercial reforms. He was an animated speaker, and a ready debater. See his Life by John S. Jenkins, 12mo, 1850 ; Hist, of his Ad ministration, by L. B. Chase, 8vo, 1850. Polk, LEONIDAS, Pr.-Ep. bishop, and gen. C.S.A.,2d cousin of the preceding, b. Raleigh, N.C., 1806; killed at Pine Mountain, Ga., June 14, 1864. West Point, 1827. He served a few months as lieut. of art. ; then studied the ology ; was ord. deacon in 1830 ; was a cler gyman from 1831 to 1838, when he became miss, bishop of Ark. and the Indian Terr, south of 36 30 ; and in 1841 became bishop of La., residing in Lafburche parish, where he had extensive plantations. Sympathizing strongly with secession, he early urged upon Davis and the Confed. authorities the importance of fortify ing and holding the strategical points of the Mpi. Valley. In July, 1861, he became maj.-gen. in the Confed. army. His thorough military training was evinced by his selection of points 726 f defence, such as Forts Henry and Donel- son, Columbus, Ky., Island No. 10, and Mem phis ; though he did not rank high as a general. Evacuating Columbus, March 1, 1862, he joined Beauregard s army at Corinth ; took part in the battle of Shiloh, in com. of the 1st corps; served afterward under Bragg; and com. the 2d army corps when Bragg invaded Kv. in Sept. 1862. He saw much hard fight ing in the battle of Murfreesborough, and shared in the victory at Chickamauga ; for disobedience of orders in this battle, whereby, as was asserted in Bragg s official report, the federal army was alone saved from annihila tion, he was relieved from his com., and placed under arrest. App. lieut.-gen. early in 1863; in the winter and spring of 1864 he had tem porary charge of the Dept. of the Mpi. By skilful dispositions, he prevented the junction jf Gens. Smith and Sherman in Southern Mpi., and took com. of a corps in Johnston s army which opposed the advance of Sherman to Atlanta, participating in the chief engage ments. He was killed by a cannon-shot while reconnoitring near Marietta, Ga. He had never resigned his diocese, and intended after the war to resume his episcopal functions. Polk, TKUSTEN, politician, b. Sussex Co., Del., May 29, 1811. Y.C. 1831. He studied law at the Yale Law School, and began prac tice in St. Louis in 1835. Member of the State Const. Conv. 1845 ; gov. of Mo. 1857 ; U.S. senator 1857-63, expelled for disloyalty 10 Jan. 1862; d. St. Louis, Mo., Apr. 16, 1876. Pollard, EDWARD A., editor Richmond Examiner, and from 1867 to May, 1869, the Southern Opinion, weekly, at Richmond. Au thor of " Biack Diamonds," 1859 ; " Southern Hist, of the War," 3 vols. 8vo, 1863-5 ; " Eight Mouths in Prison," &c., 1865; "The Lost Cause," 8vo, 1866 ; "Lee and his Lieutenants," 8vo, 1867 ; " The Lost Cause Regained," 1868; "Life of Jefferson Davis," 8vo, 1869; " Va. Tourist." Son of Maj. Richard, soldier and diplomatist, d. Washington, D. C., Feb. 1851. App. capt. 20th Inf. April 14, 1812; maj. 21st Inf. Dec. 14, 1813; chury d affaires to Chili, 1 835 ; d. Lynchburg, Va., Dec. 12, 1872. Pollock, JAMES, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1855), b. Pa. N.J. Coll. 1831. Practised law ; app. judge of C.C.P. : M.C. from Pa. 1843-9 ; gov. 1855-8; deleg. to Peace Cong. March, 1861. Pomeroy, BENJAMIN, D.D. (D.C. 1774), minister of Hebron, Ct., from Dec. 1735, to his d., Dec. 22, 1784; b. Suffield, 1704. Y.C. 1733. Eltweed, his ancestor, settled at Wind sor in 1633. During Whitefield s revival, he preached with great zeal and power. He was for 7 years deprived of his stated salary for preaching in disregard of the laws of Ct. Chap lain in the French and Revol. wars; an excel lent scholar, a man of real genius, and one of tha best preachers of his day. Sprague. Pomeroy, JOHN NORTON, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1861), dean of the Law School, and prof, of polit. science, U. of N. Y., b. Rochester, N.Y., ab. 1826. Author of " Introd. to Muni cipal Law," 8vo, 1864 ; " Introd. to U. S. Constitutional Law," 8vo, 1868 ; contrib. on Criminal Procedure to N. A. Review, April, 1861, and Jan. 1862. Pomeroy, GEN. SETII, b. Northampton, Ms., 1706; d. Peekskill, N.Y., Feb. 19, 1777. Son of Ebenezer, and grandson of Deacon Medad Pomeroy, and engaged, while young, in military duties. Capt. in 1744; maj. at the capture of Louisburg in 1745; in 1755 he was lieut.-col. in Williams s regt., from whose death he was chief commander in the battle with Dieskau. His regt. was the most prominent, and suffered most, in gaining the victory at Lake George. He was a delegate to the Prov. Cong, in 1774-5 ; in Oct. 1774 was chosen with Preble and Ward a general officer, and in Feb. 1775 a brig.-gen. He fought as a private soldier at Bunker s Hill, and was in the hottest of the fight. His app. as senior briga dier by Congress, a few days after, causing some difficulty in the adjustment of questions of rank, he declined it, and soon after retired to his farm. In the following year, however, when N.J. was overrun by the enemy, he headed the militia of his neighborhood, and marched to the Hudson River. He was an ingenious and skilful mechanic, and manuf. of arms, and was a zealous and devoted patriot. His son Lemuel, 40 years in the legisl., d. Southampton, Dec. 1819, a. 82. Ponce de Leon (pon -tha da la-6n), JUAN, the Spanish discoverer of Florida; d. Cuba, 1521. He disting. himself in the war with the Moors of Granada; accomp. Colum bus on his second exped. in 1498 ; and became com. of the eastern province of Hispaniola. Sent by Ovando in 1509 to conquer the Island of Porto Rico, he amassed there great wealth, and hearing of an island situated to the north, in which was a miraculous fountain which could restore youth to the aged, he sailed in quest of it to the Bahamas in Mar. 1512. He failed to find the fountain, but landed, 8 April, 1512, some miles north of the site of St. Augus tine, taking possession in the name of the King of Spain. He cruised there some months, doubled Cape Florida, sailed among the Tortu- gas, and returned to Porto Rico, leaving one of his men to continue the search. Returning to Spain in 1513, he received from Ferdinand permission to colonize the " Island of Florida," and the app. of gov. ; in 1514 he led an unsuc cessful exped. against the Carib. Indians. Pro ceeding in 1521 to take possession of his prov ince, he encountered the determined hostility of the natives, was driven back to his ships mortally wounded, and d. soon after his arrival in Cuba. Pond, ENOCH, D.D., author, b. Wrentham, Ms., July 29, 1791. B.U. 1813. He studied theology with Dr. Emmons; was licensed to preach June, 1814; ord. pastor of the Cong. church, Auburn, Ms., March 1, 1815; and dis missed in 1828 to become the conductor of the Spirit of the Pilgrims, a monthly pub. in Bos ton. He was prof, of theology in the sem. at Bangor from Sept. 1832 to 1856, when he became pres. prof, of eccles. history, and lecturer on pastoral duties. He has pub. reviews of " Judson on Baptism," " Monthly Concert Lectures," 1824; "Memoir of Pres. Davies," 1827; of "Susanna Anthony," 1827; of " Count Zinzendorf," 1839; of "John Wick- lifie," 1841; "Morning of the Reformation," 727 :POO 1842 ; " No Fellowship with Romanism," 1843; "The Mather Family" and "The Young Pastor s Guide," 1844 ; " The Woild s Salvation," 1845 ; " Pope and Pagan," a " Re view of Swedcnborgianism," and " Plato," 1846; "Life of Increase Mather" and "Sir Wm. Phipps," 1847 ; " The Church," 1848 ; a review of Bushnell s "God in Christ," 1849; "The Ancient Church," 1851; "Memoir of John Knox," 1856 ; " The Wreck and Rescue," 1858; " Bangor Lectures on Pastoral Theol.," 1866; "Lectures on Christian Theology," 8vo, 1868; "Prize Essay on Congregational ism," Sept. 1867. Pont Briand, HENRI Du BRIEL, DE, 6th and last bishop of Canada under the French dominion, b. Vannes, France, 1709 ; d. Mon treal, June 8, 1760. Consec. April 9, and ar rived at Quebec Aug. 17, 1741. On the approach of the English to Quebec, in 1759, he issued a Pastoral Letter, which is in Smith s " History of Canada." Ponte, LORENZO DA, an Italian poet, b. Ceneda, Venice, Mar. 10, 1749; d. New York, Aug. 17, 1838. He was well educated. Was 2 years prof, of rhetoric in the Sem. of Ponta Guadio ; then removed to Venice, and, in con- eequence of a satirical sonnet against Count Pisani, was exiled. He went to Vienna, where he became Latin sec. to Joseph II. ; wrote for the Italian theatres of Vienna and Prague ; and produced the librettos of a number of operas, among them "Don Giovanni" and " Nozzi di Figaro." He passed several years at London as poet and sec. of the Italian Opera, under the management of Taylor. In 1805 he came to America, teaching his native language and literature in New York; in his 80th year he was app. prof, of Italian in Col. College. Be sides dramas, he is the author of Memoirs of his own Life, 3 yols. N.Y., 1823 ; of a number of sonnets, and of translations of Byron s " Prophecy of Dante," and of Dodsley s " Even ing of Human Life." He possessed a tall and imposing form, and a head of antique beauty, with a profusion of flowing hair. His son LORENZO L., prof, of the Italian lang. and lit. in the U. of N.Y., b. Lond. 1805, d. N.Y. City, 28 Jan. 1840. Author of " History of the Flor entine Republic," 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1833 ; and " Almachide," a tragedy, 1830. Pontiac, chief of the Ottawas, b. on the Ottawa River, 1720 ; d. 1769. He settled near Michilimacinac, and was an ally of the French. In 1746, at the head of a body of Indians, mostly Ottawas, he successfully defended Detroit, then a French possession, against the attacks of some hostile northern tribes. He is supposed to have led the Ottawas at Braddock s defeat in 1755. In 1760, Maj. Rogers, with a detach ment, took possession of the western posts un der the treaty of Paris. Hating the English, the discontent of the Indians Avas increased by injudicious usage ; and Pontiac, at the close of 1762, sent messengers to the different nations, proposing that in May, 1763, they should rise, massacre the English garrisons, and destroy the frontier settlements. 9 forts were attacked on the same day, and their garrisons either massacred or dispersed. Pontiac himself was to attack Detroit ; but, his intention being discovered, he besieged it, and, to obtain food for his war riors, issued promissory-notes drawn upon birch- bark, and signed with the figure of an otter, which were all redeemed. The siege lasted from May 12 to Oct. 12, when it was raised, and the Indians sued for peace. Pontiac, unsub dued, endeavored to stir up the Indians on the Miami and in other places, and applied in vain for aid from the French com. at New Orleans. His followers gradually fell off; and in 1766 he formally submitted to the English rule. He was killed by an Illinois Indian at Cahokia, opposite St. Louis, while drunk. See History of the Conspiracy of Pontiac by F. Parkman, 1851. Poole, WILLIAM FREDERICK, b. Salem, Ms., 1821. Y.C. 1849. Librarian Bost. Mer. Lib. 1852-6, and of the Bost. Athenaeum 1856- 69 ; now of the Cincin. Library. Author of " Index to Subjects in Reviews and Periodicals," 8vo, 1848; "Index to Periodical Literature," 8vo, 1853 ; " The Battle of the Dictionaries," 8vo, 1856 ; " Websterian Orthography," 1857 ; "The Orthographical Hobgoblin," 1859; " The Mather Papers," 1868 ; " Cotton Mather and Salern Witchcraft," repr. from N.A. Review, 1869. Contrib. to N.A. Review, &c. Poor, CHARLES H., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Cambridge, Ms., June 9, 1808. Midshipm. Mar. 1, 1823; lieut. Dec. 31, 1833; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. 1 July, 1862; commo. Jan. 2, 1863; rear-adm. Sept. 20, 1868; retired 9 June, 1870. He com. exped. of sailors and marines to re-enforce Fort Pickens in 1861 ; frigate " Roanoke," N. Atlantic block, squad., 1861-2 ; com. " The Saranac," Pacific squad., 1863-5 ; com. theN. Atl. squad. Aug. 19, 1869. Poor, DANIEL, D.D., missionary to India, b. Danvers, Ms., June 27, 1789 ; d. of cholera at Jaffna, Ceylon, Feb. 3, 1855. D.C. 1811 ; And. Sem. 1814. He sailed from Newbury- port with other missionaries, Oct. 23, 1815 ; arrived at Colombo in Ceylon, Mar. 23, 1816 ; resided a while at Tillipally, afterward at Bar- ricotta, where he opened a scientific sem. ; re moved to Madura in Mar. 1836 ; returned home in Sept. 1848; spent about two years in the employ of the A.B.C.F.M., visiting various parts of the country, delivering addresses, and otherwise stimulating missionary enterprise, returning to Ceylon in 1850. Author of vari ous publications in the Tamil and English languages. Poor, ENOCH, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Andover, Ms., 1736 ; killed in a duel with a French officer, nearHackensack, N. J., Sept. 8, 1780. Son of Thomas, and grandson of Daniel Poor, one of the first settlers of Andover. After receiving a common-school education at that place, he removed to Exeter, N.H., where he engaged in commercial pursuits. Imme diately after the battle of Lexington, the Prov. Assembly app. him col. Upon the evacuation of Boston, his regt. was ordered to N.Y., and thence to join in the invasion of Canada. He was one of the officers who remonstrated in writing against the abandonment of Crown Point. Feb. 21, 1777, he was app. a brig.-gen. ; served in that capacity in the battles with Bur- goyne, after whose surrender he joined the a my under Washington in Pa. He was a particip itor 728 IPOIP in the movements in the vicinity of the Dela ware, as well as in the sufferings and destitution of Valley Forge ; disting. himself at the battle of Monmouth in 1778, and in 1779 accomp. Sullivan in his exped. against the Indians of the Six Nations. When the corps of light in fantry was formed in Aug. 1780, it was ar ranged into two brigades, one of which was com. by Poor, and placed under the orders of Lafayette, by whom he was highly esteemed. Washington, in announcing his death to Con gress, says he was " an officer of distinguished merit, who, as a citizen and a soldier, had every claim to the esteem of his country." Poor, JOHN ALFRED, lawyer, father of the railroad system of Me., b. Andover, Me., 8 Jan. 1808; d. Portland, 5 Sept. 1871, a. 63. At first a lawyer in Bangor, and afterward in Portland. Some years editor of the State of Maine, newspaper, and some time a member of the Me. legisl. Originator of the European and N.A. Railroad, and pres. of the proposed Portland, Rutland, and Oswego Railroad. An active member of the Me. Hist. Soc., under whose auspices he pub. in 1862 "A Vindica tion of the Claims of Sir F. Gorges," &c. ; and he del. the address at the Popham celeb, in 1868. Poore, BENJAMIN PERLEY, journalist and author, b. Newbury, Ms., Nov. 2, 1820. He was two years in a printing-office ; pub. and edited the Southern Whig, Athens, Ga., 1838- 40; attach^ to H. W. Billiard, Brussels, 1841; hist, agent of Ms. in France, 1844-8, and com piled 10 folio vols. of important documents, 1492-1780; foreign corresp. of Boston Atlas, 1843-8; editor Boston Daily Bee, and editor and proprietor of the American Sentinel, 1850 ; Washington corresp. Bost. Journal since 1854, under the signature of "Perley;" sec. U.S. Ai> - ric. Soc., and editor of its journal, since 1854. Author of "Life of Gen. Taylor," 1848 ; " Rise and Fall of Louis Philippe," 1848 ; " Early Life of Napoleon," 1851 ; Novellettes, repub. from Gleason s Pictorial; "Agricult. Hist, of Essex Co., Ms. ; " " The Conspiracy Trial," 1865; "Congressional Directory, \mi . Allibone. Pope, CHARLES A., M.D., surgeon, b. Huntsville, Ala., 15 Mar. 1818; d. Paris, Mo., 6 July, 1870. He graduated at the universities of Ala. and of Pa., and attended a course of lectures at the Cincin. Med. Coll. After 2 years of travel and study abroad, he settled in St. Louis in 1841 ; gained a large practice, and filled successively the chairs of anatomy and surgery in the St. Louis U. He aided in found ing the St. Louis Med. Coll., and devoted much time and labor to promote the cause of education. Pres. Amer. Med. Assoc. in 1853. Pope, JOHN, politician, b. Pr. William Co., Va., al>. 1770; d. Washington Co., Ky., July 12, 1845. Losing an arm by accident, he deter mined to study law ; settled in Shelby Co., and afterward in Lexington, Ky. ; many years in the Ky. legisl. ; U.S. senator 1807-13 ; M.C. 1837-43; gov. Ark. Terr. 1829-35; pres. pro tern. U.S. Senate 1811. Collins s Hist. Ky. Pope, JOHN, commo. U.S.N., b. Ms. Mid- shipm. May 30, 1816; lieut. Apr. 28,1826; com. Feb. 15, 1843; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; commo. (retired list) July 16, 1862. He com brig "Dolphin," coast of Africa, 1846-7, sloop " Vandalia," E.I. squad., 1853-6 ; steam- sloop "Richmond, " Gulf squad., 1861 ; prize commis., Boston, 1864-5; light-house insp. 1866-9; d. Dorchester, Jan. 16, 1876. Pope, JOHN, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. 111. Mar.. 12, 1823. West Point, 1842. His father, Judge Nathaniel (b. Va. 1785, d. St. Louis, Mo., 23 Jan. 1850), was a lawyer at Vandalia, 111. ; i. deleg. to Congress from 111. Terr, in 1816-18 ; register of the land-office at Edwardsville, 111., 1818; app. judge U.S. Dist. Court of 111. 1819. John entered the topog. engs. ; was attached to the army of Gen. Taylor; was brev. 1st lie tit. for Monterey, and capt. for Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 1847. He conducted the Minnesota explor ing exped. in 1849-50; then that to test the fea sibility of boring artesian wells in the Llano Es- tacado, between Texas and N. Mexico; and in 1855 that to survey the route of the Pacific Rail road. In 1854-9 he was exploring the Rocky Mountains. He became capt. July 1, 1856. In an address in 1860 on the subject of " Fortifica tions," del. at Cincinnati, he denounced the pol icy of Pres. Buchanan in unsparing terms, and was court-martialled ; but the matter was dropped. He was one of the officers who escorted Mr. Lincoln to Washington ; was made brig.-gen. vols. May 17, 1861 ; and app. to a com. m Mo., where his operations were very successful. In an engagement at the Blackwater, Dec. 13, lie routed the enemy, and took a number of pris oners. In Feb. 1862, Gen. Halleck intrusted him with the com. of the land-force destined to co-operate with Flag-Officer Foote s flotilla. Marching on New Madrid, he captured that place, Mar. 13; and, after the surrender of Island No. 10 (Apr. 8), took a large number oi prisoners; Mar. 21, 1862, he became maj.-gen. of vols. ; in April he took com. of a grand divis ion of Gen. Halleck s army ; vigorously pur sued the enemy in retreat from Corinth ; and was summoned to Washington to take com. of the Army of Va. June 27^, 1862; made brig.- gen. U.S.A. July 14. Aug. 17 and 18 Gen. Pope drew back his whole force across the Rap- pahannock; from this date, for 15 days, Gen. Pope, re-enforced by a part of the Army of the Potomac, fought continuously a superior force of the enemy under Lee, on the line of the Rap- pahannock, at Manassas Junction, at Groveton, and Chantilly. He withdrew his force behind Difficult Creek, and thence within the fortifica tions of Washington ; and, Sept. 3, was at his own request relieved of the com. of the Army of Va., and assigned to that of the Dept. of the North-west. In Dec. he testified at Wa i hing- ton before the court-martial on Fitz John Porter, accused by him of misconduct before the enemy at the second battle of Bull Run. Brev. maj.-gcn. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for cap ture of Island No. 10. Author of "Explora tions from the Red River to the Rio Grande," in " Pacif. R.R. Reports," vol. 3 ; " The Campaign in Va. of July and Aug. 1862," 8vo, 1863. Popham, GEORGE, pres. of the first com pany of settlers in New England ; d. 5 Feb. 1608. He sailed from Plymouth, Eng., 31 May, 1607, with 2 ships and 100 men. Popham com manded one ship, and Raleigh Gilbert, nephew :PO:P 729 of Sir Walter Raleigh, the other. Aug. 1 5 they landed at the mouth of the Sagadahock or Ken- nebec River, " on a western peninsula ; " and a storehouse was built, with a fort, which was called Fort St. George. After the death of Pophara, the colonists returned home, having, as Smith says, " found nothing but extreme extremities." His bro. Sir JOHN, lord chief justice of the King s Bench, a promoter of the settlement of America, b. Somersetshire, 1531, d. 10 June, 1607. He became chief justice ab. 1592. Sir Francis Popham was a patentee of N. England, and a member of parliament in 1 620. See Memorial Volume of the Popham Celebration. Popkin, JOHN SPELLING, D.D. (H. U. 1815), clergyman and scholar, b. Boston, June 19, 1771 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., March 2, 1852. Son of Col. John, Revol. officer. H.U. 1792. He exercised the vocation of a teacher for a short time in Woburn and in Cambridge ; and was Greek tutor at H.U. in 1795-8. Member of the Am. Academy. Ord. pastor of the Fed eral-street Church, Boston, July 10, 1799; dis missed Nov. 28, 1802; installed pastor of the First Church in Newbury, Sept. 19, 1804; dis missed Oct. 5, 1815, having accepted the app. of prof, of Greek in H.U. In 1826-33 he was Eliot professor of Greek literature. During his ministry, he pub. a number of sermons of a high character. An interesting vol. of his pro ductions has appeared, consisting of lectures, and extracts from sermons, with a Memoir of his Life by C. C. Felton, 1852. Porter, ALEXANDER J., jurist and senator, b. near Armagh, Ireland, 1786; d. Attakapas, La., Jan. 13, 1844. His father fell in the rebel lion of 1798. He came to the U.S. in 1801; en gaged in mercantile occupations in Nashville, Tenn. ; but, having studied law, was in 1807 adm. to the bar. The defects of his early edu cation were remedied by his own individual efforts; and by his industry and talent he atttaincd the front rank of jurists and politi cians. Removing to St. Martinsville, La., in 1810, he was active in forming the State const, in 1811 ; became a judge of the Supreme Court in 1821 ; and was U. S. senator in 1834-7. Re-elected in 1843, ill health prevented his tak ing his seat. A Whig in politics, he voted to censure Pres. Jackson for the removal of the deposits ; favored Calhoun s motion to reject petitions for the abolition of slavery in the Dist. of Col. ; favored the division among the States of the surplus revenue, and the recognition of the independence of Texas. To the labors of Judges Porter, Matthews, and Martin, is due the system of jurisprudence at present existing in Louisiana. Porter, GEN. ANDREW, Revol. officer, b. Worcester, Montgomery Co., Pa., Sept. 24, 1743; d. Harrisburg, Nov. 16, 1813. He taught a school at Phila. from 1767 till June 19, 1776, when he was made by Congress a capt. of marines, and ordered on board the frig ate " Effingham ; " transferred soon after to the art., in which, from his previous studies, he was qualified to be eminently useful ; he served with great reputation for science and bravery ; was in 1 782 promoted to major ; and at the end of the war was col. of the 4th or Pa. Art. He was engaged at Trenton, Princeton, Brandy wine, and Germantown. In the latter action nearly all his company were killed or taken prisoners; and in the first, he received on the field, in person, the commendation of Washing ton. Detached in Apr. 1779 to join the exped. of Sullivan against the Indians, he suggested to Gen. Clinton the idea of damming the outlet of Otsego Lake, by which means the water was raised sufficiently to enable the troops to be transported by boats to Tioga Point. In 1784- 8 he was a commiss. for running the State boundary-lines; was in 1800 made brig.-gen. of State militia, and soon after maj.-gen. ; and in 1809 was app. surv.-gen. of Pa. He de clined, on account of his advanced age, the of fices of brig.-gen. in the army, and sec. at war of the U.S., offered him by Madison during the war of 1812. Of his sons, George B. d. gov. of Michigan, David R. was gov. of Pa., and Gen. James M. sec. of war. Rogers. Porter, BENJAMIN F., jurist, b. Charles ton, S.C., Sept. 1808. He was self-educated. Was adm. to the bar in Charleston at an early age, afterward studied medicine, which in 1830 he practised in Ala., but returned to the law, and was chosen to the legisl. in 1832 ; and was in 1835 reporter of the State. In 1840 he was elevated to the bench, but, doubting the constitutionality of his election, resigned the office. He edited 14 vols. of the Ala. Reports, and translated the " Elements of the Institutes " of Heineccius. He has also contrib. to period icals ; has been frequently an orator on public occasions ; and has pub., among other works, a collection of poems, chiefly lyrical, in Charles ton. Porter, DAVID, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1811), minister of Spencertown 1787-1803, and of Catskill, N.Y., 1803-31, b. Hebron, Ct,, 27 May, 1761; d.Catskill,Jan.7, 1851. D.C. 1784. He served nearly a year in the Revol. army. He pub. " Dissertation on Baptism," 1809, and some sermons. Agent of several benev. societies ; member of the A.B.C.F.M., and, though eccen tric, a man of great influence. Sprague. Porter, DAVID, commodore U.S.N., b. Boston, Feb. 1, 1780; d. Pera, near Constan tinople, March 3, 1843. Midshipm. Apr. 16, 1798; lieut. Oct. 8, 1799; master com. Apr. 20, 1806; capt. July 2, 1812. His father Capt. David com. a Boston merchant-ship, and was actively engaged in the Revol. ; afterward removed to Baltimore, and, engaging in the W. India trade, introduced his son to the naval career at the age of 16. The son served in " The Constellation " during her famous ac tion with " The Insurgente " in Feb. 1 799 : his good conduct in the action, and in securing the prize, caused bis promotion soon after. In Jan. 1800, he was wounded in an engagement with a pirate off St. Domingo; in Aug. 1801 he was 1st lieut. of the schooner " Enterprise," which captured a Tripolitan cruiser of supe rior force. While 1st lieut. of the flag-ship " New York," he com. a boat exped. which destroyed several feluccas laden with wheat under the batteries of Tripoli, and was again wounded ; transferred to " The Philadel phia," which was captured while aground in the harbor of Tripoli in Oct. 1803, he was 18 FOR 730 FOR tnonths a prisoner. In 1806, while in com. of" The Enterprise," he severely punished 12 Spanish gunboats which rashly attacked him in sight of Gibraltar. App. to the small frig ate "Essex" (32 guns), he sailed from New York, July 3, 1812, made several valuable cap tures, and took, after an action of 8 minutes, H.B.M. ship "Alert" of 20 guns, the first ship-of-war taken in the contest. Dec. 12, he captured the British govt. packet " Nocton," with 55,000 in specie ; and, at the close of Jan. 1813, sailed to the Pacific, where he captured a number of British whaling and trading ves sels. March 28, 1814, " The Essex " was cap tured after a severe fight in the neutral port of Valparaiso by the British frigate " Phoebe " (36) and" The Cherub" (28). He pub. a narra tive of this remarkable cruise (N.Y. 2 vols. 8vo, 1817). From 1815 to 1823 he was one of the navy cornmiss., and in the latter year com. a successful exped. to suppress piracy in the Gulf of Mexico. Subsequently made cogni sant of an insult to the American flag at Fox- ardo in Porto Rico, he obliged the authorities to make an apology. This led to his recall, to court-martial for transgressing orders, and sen tence of suspension for 6 months. He resigned Aug. 18, 1826, entered the Mexican navy as com.-chief, but in 1829 took the U.S. consul ship to Algiers. Upon the occupation of Al giers by France, he was charge d affaires to Constantinople, 1831-40, and was res. min. in 1839-43. His correspondence with a friend in New York was pub. in 1835 as " Constantinople and its Environs." While in Turkey, Porter negotiated several important treaties, and held his position as minister till his death. He was a humane as well as a brave man, and a superior seaman. Duyckink. Porter, DAVID D., adm. U.S.N., younger son of the preceding, b. Phila. June, 1813. Midshipm. Feb. 2, 1829; lieut. 27 Feb. 1841 ; com. 22 Apr. 1861 ; was attached to the coast- survey in 1836-40; and in "The Congress" cruised in Mediterranean and Brazilian waters 4 years. In 1 845 he was ordered to the Wash ington Observatory. During the Mexican war he had charge of the naval rendezvous at N. Or leans ; was present at Vera Cruz, Tuspan, and Tabasco, also in land-fights at Tamultee and Chiflon; then returned to the coast-survey; in 184953 com. successively the Cal. mail- steamers " Panama" and " Georgia ; " and in 1861 was sent in the steam-sloop " Powhatan " to Pensucola to join the Gulf block, squad. In the exped. against New Orleans early in 1862, he was placed in charge of a flotilla of 21 mor tar-boats and several steamers, with which he co operated with Flag-Oflicer Farragut in the capture of the Mpi. forts and the unsuccessful siege of Vieksbnrg. He was afterward ordered with his flotilla to the James River ; and in Oct. took com. of the Mpi. gunboat fleet with the rank of acting rear-adrn. In Jan. 1863 his fleet captured Arkansas Post, and, Apr. 29, de stroyed the formidable batteries at Grand Gulf. During the siege of Vicksburg, his mortar-fleet threw shells into the city and works 40 days without intermission. Made rear-adm. July 4, 1863, for the capture of Vicksburg. While co- tperating with Gen Banks s Red-river exped. in Apr. 1864, his fleet was savt.-d at Grand Eco re by the skill of Lieut.-Col. Bailey, who constructed a dam across the river, giving suf ficient water for their passage over the bar. Ordered to the com. of the N.A. block, squad., he attacked Fort Fisher, N.C., in Dec. 1864, and again in Jan. 1865 when captured by as sault. Vice-adm. July 25, 1866; adm. 17 Oct. 1870; supt. Naval* Acad. 1866-70. Porter, DAVID R., gov. of Pa. 1839-45, b. Pa. 1788; d. Harrisburg, Pa., Aug. 6, 1867. Son of Gen. Andrew. He was a lawyer ; often a member of each branch of the State legisl., and was extensively engaged in the manuf. of iron. Charges of irregularity in his election as gov. in 1838, in Phila. Co., gave rise to much feeling in the organization of the legisl. ; and disgraceful proceedings at the State capital, since famous as the " Buckshot War," were the consequence. Porter, EBENEZER, D.D. (D.C. 1814), pres. And. Theol. Sem. 1827-34, b. Cornwall, Ct., Oct. 5, 1772; d. Andover, Apr. 8, 1834. D.C. 1792. His father Thos. Porter, a farmer and a prominent politician, removed in 1779 with his family to Tinmouth, Rutland Co., Vt. He taught school some months ; then studied divinity ; and Sept. 6, 1796, was ord. pastor of the Cong, church at Washington, Ct. His health becoming impaired, he removed in Apr. 1812 to Andover as prof, of sacred rhetoric. Dr. Porter pub., beside many occas. sermons, "The Young Preacher s Manual," 1819; " Analysis of Vocal Inflection," 1824 ; " Anal ysis of Rhetorical Delivery," 1827; "Rhe torical Reader and Exercises/ 1831 ; " Sylia bus of Lectures," 1832; an "Abridgment ol Owen on Spiritual- Mindedness," 1833; "Lec tures on Homiletics and Preaching," 1 834, and on "Public Prayer; " together with "Sermons and Addresses," and an abridgment of OWCD on the 130th Psalm. Since ttis death, " Tha Biblical Reader," and "Lectures on Eloquence and Style," have also been published. Porter, ELIPHALET, D.D. (H.U. 1807), a Cong, clergyman, b. N. Bridgewater, Ms., June 11, 1758; d. Roxbury, Dec. 7,1833. H.U. 1777. He studied theology with his father, Rev. John Porter, minister of N. Bridgewater 1740-1802; and Oct. 2, 1782, was ord. over the Cong, society of Roxbury, where he continued 51 years. Member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. In 1830 the Rev. George Putnam was settled with him as colleague. He pub. a "Eulogy of Washington," 1800; and nine single sermons. Porter, GEN. FITZ-JOHN, nephew of Com. David, b. Portsmouth, N.H., 1822. West Point, 1845. Entering the 4th Art., he was made 1st lieut. May, 1847 ; won the brevets of capt. and major at Molino del Roy and Cha- pultepec; and was severely wounded at the Bclen Gate. He was in 1849-53 assist, inst. of art. at West Point; adj. there in 1853-4, and assist, inst. of cav. and art. in 1854-5 ; 27 June, 1856, he was made assist, adj.-gen. (rank of capt.); col. 15th Inf. May 14, 1861 ; brig.- fen. vols. May 17; brev. brig.-gCD. U.S. A une 27, 1862, and maj.-gen. vols. Jii V 4; chief of staff" to Gens. Patterson and IJ.inhs, Apr. to Aug. 1861 ; assigned to the Avuiy of FOR 731 FOR the Potomac, he was in Aug. placed at the head of a division; and in May, 1862, took com. of the 5th corps. He directed the siege- works before Yorktown, and was gov. of that place for a short time after its evacuation ; com. the extreme right before Richmond, re ceived the fiercest attacks of the enemy, and was promoted for his services. Temporarily attached to Gen. Pope s com. during the battles which followed the evacuation of the Peninsula, he avoided all participation in them ; and, for mal charges being made against him, he was deprived of his com., but, at the request of Gen. McClellan, was restored to duty, and took part in the Md. campaign ; com. the reserve in the battle of Antietam. In Nov. he was ordered to Washington for trial by court-martial, and was cashiered 21 Jan., 1863, for violation of the 9th and 52d articles of war. The grounds for his appeal to the Pres. in 1870 for a reversal of this sentence are stated in Old and New for June, 1870. Porter, GEORGE B., gov. of Mich. Terr. 1831-4, son of Gen. Andrew, b. Lancaster, Pa., 1790 ; d. Detroit, Mich., 6 July, 1834. Liberally educated, and a lawyer ; he was an active and thorough business-man. Porter, COL. GEORGE W., author of many valuable inventions, especially the Porter rifle ; d. near Memphis, Tenn., 7 Nov. 1856, a. ab. 50. Li-jut. 33th U.S. Inf. May, 1814^Tune, 1815. Porter, JAMES, the " Kentucky giant ; " d. Louisville, Ky., 23 Apr. 1859. He was 7 feet 9 inches high, and weighed 300 Ibs. Porter, JAMES MADISON, lawyer, son of Gen. Andrew, b. Selma, Pa., Jan. 6, 1793; d. Easton, Pa., Nov. 11, 1862. He was educated for the bar ; served as a vol. in the war of 1 812 ; was a member of the Pa. Const. Conv. in 1838, having an important share in the revision of the State Const.; was app. sec. of war in Mr. Tyler s cabinet in 1843, but rejected by the senate. He was one of the founders of Laf. Coll. at Easton ; 25 years pres. of its board of trustees; and was pres. judge 12th judicial dist., Pa., and 22d dist. Porter, JOHN ADDISON, chemist, b. Cats- kill, N.Y., Mar. 15, 1822; d. N. Haven, Ct., Aug. 25, 1866. Y.C. 1842. He was tutor, anctthen prof, of rhetoric, in Del. Coll. until 1 847 ; then studied at the U. of Gicssen, Ger many, several years, where he had the instruc tion "of Liebig in agricultural chemistry. In 1 850 he became prof, of chemistry as applied to the arts in Brown U., and held a similar chair at Y.C. in 1852-64. During the seces sion war, he wrote and spoke strongly on the Union side, and edited the Connecticut War Record. He was the author of several text-books of chemistry ; selections from the " Kalevala," the great Finnish epic, 1868 ; and contribs. to the scientific journals. Y. C. Ob. fiecord. Porter, MOSES, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Dan- vers, Ms., 1755; d. Cambridge, Ms., Apr. 14, 1822. Lieut, in Trevett s art. May 19, 1775; served at Bunker s Hill, and through the Revol., the succeeding Indian wars, and that of 1812- 15 with Eng. He was at White Plains ; the campaign in the Jerseys, Trenton, Brandy- wine, Germantown ; was an efficient co-adju- tor of Col. Smith in the defence of Mud Island, in the Delaware ; was one of the few old officers selected for the first peace estab lishment; lieut. May 1, 1787; capt. Nov. 1791, serving under Wayne in 1794; maj. 1st Art. May 26, 1800; col. light art. Mar. 12, 1812; accomp. Wilkinson s army, and com. the art., and disting. at the capture of Fort George, May 27, 1813; brev. brig.-gen. Sept. 10, 1813, and ordered to the defence of Norfolk, Va., in 1814; col. 1st. Art. May, ,321. Porter, NOAH, D.D. (U. of N.Y. 1858), LL.D., b. Farmington, Ct., 1811 ; author and educator. Y.C. 1831. Clark prof, of moral philos. and metaphysics Y.C. 1846-71 ; now (1871) pres. Y.C. Son of Rev. Noah, min. of Farmington 1806-66. Author of Hist. Discourse at Farmington, Nov. 4, 1840 ; "Edu cational Systems of the Puritans and Jesuits Compared/ 1851 ; " The Human Intellect," 1868; "Books and Reading," 1870; and an abstract entitled " Elements of Intellectual Philos.," 1870. Contributor to religious pe riodicals. Porter, PETER BUEL, politician and sol dier, b. Salisbury, Ct., Aug. 14, 1773 ; d. Ni agara Falls, Mar. 20, 1844. Y.C. 1791. His father Dr. Joshua, a physician in Salisbury, Ct. (Y.C. 1754, d. 1825), was a col. of militia in the battle of Saratoga. The son began to practise law at Canandaigua, N.Y., in 1795 ; soon became popular; and was M.C. in 1809- 13 and 1815-16. He had settled at Black Rock, where he had, with his bros., made large purchases of land, when the war of 1812 with Eng. broke out. Made maj .-gen. of N.Y. and Pa. vols. in July, 1813, he defended Black Rock (Buffalo) against the British in that month ; and was disting. in the battles of Chip- pewa, Niagara Falls, and Fort Erie, receiving the thanks of Congress and a gold medal. Both Gens. Brown and Gaines speak of him in their reports as a " brave, skilful, and gallant officer." In 1815 Pres. Madison app. him com. in chief of the army, which he de clined ; commiss. under the treaty of Ghent in 1816 ; afterward sec. of state of N.Y. ; sec. of war under Pres. Adams in 1828. He m. Letitia Grayson, dau. of Atty.-Gen. John Breckenridge. Gen. Porter was identified with the progress of Western N.Y., was one of the early project ors of the Erie Canal, and one of the first board of commiss. His son Col. PETER AUG. was killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864, at the head of his regt, (129th N.Y.) ; b. Black Rock, N.Y., July 14, 1827. H.U. 1845. He studied at Heidelberg, Berlin, and Breslau ; member of the N.Y. legisl. 1861 ; commiss. col. Aug. 17, 1862. Porter, THOMAS, judge ; d. Granville, N. Y., Aug. 1833, a. 99 yrs. 3mos. He was in the British army at Lake George in 1755, and was active during the Revol. He was 10 years judge of the Supreme and County Courts of Vt., and was a member of the legislatures of Vt. and Ct. 35 years. Dr. Ebenezer, of An- dover Sem., was a son. Porter, WILLIAM A., b. Hunterdon Co., N.J., 1821. Laf. Coll. 1839. Adm. to Phila. bar 1842; sheriff of Phila. 1843; city solici tor 1856; app. judge Sup. Ct. 1858. Author of "Essay on Law of Sheriffs," 1845; Life FOR 732 af Ch. Justice John B. Gibson," 8vo, 1855; " Addresses." Allibone. Porter, WILLIAM DAVID, commodore U.S.N., b. N. Orleans, 1810; d. N.Y. City, May 1, 1864. Son of Com. David. App. to the navy, Jan. 1, 1823; lieut. Dec. 31, 1833. He projected and founded the present light-house system ; served through the Mexican war with distinction, but was retired in 1855, and re stored in 1859. At the beginning of the Rebel lion lie was on the Pacific station, in the sloop of war " St. Mary s." His loyalty being suspect ed, he wrote to the govt. a letter in his defence, which was pub., and excited much comment. He was subsequently ordered to the Mpi. to assist in fitting out the gunboat flotilla, and placed in com. of " The Essex," which he caused to be covered with iron plates, and took part in the attacks on Forts Henry and Donel- son, being severely scalded in the first-named action ; and fought his way past all the batte ries from Cairo to N. Orleans. He took part in the attack on Vicksburg, and afterward engaged the iron-clad Confed. gunboat "Arkan sas " near Baton Rouge. " The Arkansas " was blown up ; and in Sept. he bombarded Natchez, and attacked the Vicksburg batteries and Port Hudson. For these disting. services, Com mander Porter was made commodore July 16, 1862. Owing to feeble health, he did little subsequent duty. He had two sons in the rebel service. Porter, WILLIAM T., editor, b. Vt. 1806; d. New York, July 19, 1858. At first a teacher ; he subsequently became a printer, and, having removed to New York ab. 1833, pursued his vocation in a book-printing establishment ; afterwards established the Constellation, a week ly journal, which was merged into the Spirit of the Times, a weekly paper devoted to sport ing news and literature. Having sold out his interest in it, he began in 1856, in connec tion with Mr. George Wilkes, the publication of Porter s Spirit of the Times, which he con tinued to edit until his death. He was an elegant, graceful, and spirited writer, and was connected at various times with other journals. He edited Col. Hawker s " Instructions to Young Sportsmen," T. B. Thorpe s " Arkan sas Stories," and J. M. Field s " Night in a Swamp," and other stories. See Life by Fran cis Brinley, 12mo, 1860. Porterfield, COL. CHARLES ; killed at the battle of Camden, Aug. 16, 1780. Capt. llth Va. Regt. Feb. 13, 1776; lieut.-col. of the State garrison regt. Aug. 14, 1779. Porterfield, GEN. ROBERT, Revol. officer ; d. at his residence in Augusta Co., Va., Feb. 13, 1843, a. 90. He entered the army an ensign in Morgan s rifle regt., and quitted it a cap tain. In the campaign of 1779, was capt. and aide-de-camp to Gen. W. Woodford ; was cap tured at Charleston, S. C., and afterward served at the North under Washington. He was a brig. -gen. in the war of 1812, and an acting county magistrate over 50 years, twice holding the office of high sheriff. Portier, MICHAEL, D.D., Roman-Cath. bishop oi Mobile; consec. Nov. 5, 1826; d. May 14, 1859. Posey, CARNOI , brig.-gen. C. S. A., b. Mpi.; d. Charlottesville, Va., Nov. 13, 1863, from a wound received at Bristow Station, Oct. 14. As 1st lieut. in JeffBavis s regt. rifles he was disting., and wounded at Buena Vista. Posey, GEN. THOMAS, b. on the banks of the Potomac, July 9, 1750; d. Shawneetown, 111., March 19, 1818. He received a plain English education. Removed to Western Va. at the age of 19, and was quartermaster to Lewis s division of Lord Dunmore s army; par ticipated in the bloody battle with the Indians at Point Pleasant, Oct. 10, 1774; in 1775 he was one of the com. of corresp. ; was app. capt., and raised a company for the 7th Va. Cont. Regt. ; aided in defeating Dunmore at Gwyn s Island ; joined Washington s army at Middlebrook early in 1777 ; was transferred to the celebrated rifle regt. of Col. Morgan ; was soon after engaged in a severe action with the British light troops at Piscataway, N. J. ; joined Gen. Gates, and rendered great service at the two battles of Bemis Heights (Sept. 12) and Still water (Oct. 7) ; succeeded to the com. of the regt. in the spring of 1778 ; and led his regt. as maj. in Oct. 1778 in an exped. against the Indians. In the spring of 1779 he took com. of the 1 1 th Va. Regt. ; was soon after transferred to the com. of a batt. of Febiger s regt. under Wayne ; and at the brilliant assault on Stony Point, July 15, 1779, was one of the first toenter the enemy s works. He was present at the surrender of Yorktown ; organized a new regt., of which, with the rank of lieut.-col., he took com. ; and served under Wayne in Ga. until the evacuation of Savannah. When surprised by the Indians under Gueristersigo on the night of June 23, 1782, Posey rallied and led his men to the charge, exhibiting great bravery and skill, and defeating the enemy with severe loss. From 1786 to 1793 he wa"s county lieut. of Spottsylvania, Va. ; app. brig.- gen. Feb. 14, 1793 ; settled in Ky. ; was elected State senator; was 4 years lieut.-gov. ; maj.- gen. of Ky. levies in 1809 ; U.S. senator from La. 1812-13; succeeded Harrison as gov. of Ind. Terr. March 3, 1813 ; and in 1816 became agent for Indian affairs, which post he held at his death. See Life of Posey in Sparks s Amtr. Biog. Post, MINTURN, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1832), physician and author, b. New York, June 28, 1808; d. there April 26, 1869. Col. Coll. 1827. He studied medicine in N.Y. and Phila. ; was a pupil of Dr. Mott, and com pleted his studies under Louis, Broussais, and others. He acquired a lucrative practice in New York ; and was 26 years medical exam iner of the N.Y. Mutual Life Ins. Co. Dr. Post was thoroughly familiar with diseases of the chest, and was largely instrumental in promoting the study of physical diagnosis. He was the translator of a French treatise on Auscultation and Percussion, 8vo, 1839. Post, WRIGHT, M.D., an eminent physi cian and surgeon, b. North Hempstead, L.I., Feb. 19, 1766; d. Throgs Neck, N.Y., June 14, 1828. After stud ing 4 years under Dr. Richard Bayley of New York, and 2 years under Dr. Seldon of London, he returned in 1786 to New York to commence practice. App. in 1792 prof, of surgery in Col. Coll., POS 733 he visited the, great schools of Europe, collect ing a splendid anatomical cabinet, with which he returned to America in 1793. He was for 20 years prof, of anatomy and physi- o logy in that institution, during which period he effected many difficult surgical operations, and attained high distinction. In 1813 he was app. to a similar professorship in the Coll. of Phys. and Surg., of which he was pres. in 1821-6. In 1815 he again visited Europe for his health. He was for 30 years consulting physician of the N.Y. Hospital, and was a member of the most prominent literary socie ties of the city. Postell, COL. BENJAMIN, Revol. officer of St. Bartholomew s parish; d. Charleston, S.C., Jan. 1801, a. 41. In 1775 he was made a lieut. l.st S.C. Regt., and, on the capture of Charleston in 1780, was sent to St. Augustine, suffering from brutal treatment during his cap tivity of 11 months; afterward a member of the State legisl., and col. of the Colleton Co. regt. With his bro., Maj. JOHN POSTELL, he rendered good service in Marion s brigade. Jan. 29, 1781, the latter captured near Monk s Corner 40 British regulars. Col. JAMES POS TELL, also a disting. partisan under Marion, d. near Coosawatchie, S.C., 16 Mar. 1824, a. 78. Potter, ALONZO, D.D. (H.U. 1846), LL.L). (Un. Coll. 1846), Prot-Ep. bishop of Pa.,b. La Grange, Duchess Co.,N.Y., July 10, 1800; d. San Francisco, July 4, 1865. Un. Coll. ISIS. His ancestors were among the ear ly settlers of R.I. He became a tutor in Un. Coll. in 1819; and was prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. in 1822-6. Ord. deacon in May, 1822, and priest in Aug. 1824; elected pres. of Geneva Coll. in 1825, he declined the post ; rector of St. Paul s, Boston, from Aug. 29, 1826, till Aug. 27, 1831; prof, of rhet oric and nat. philos. in Un. Coll. 1831-45; consec. bishop of Pa. Sept. 23, 1845. He m. the only dau. of President Nott. Bishop Pot ter was especially identified with the organi zation of the hospital of the Prot.-Ep. Ch., and the establishment of the Divinity School of the church in Phila. He pub. " The Prin ciples of Science applied to the Domestic and Mechanic Arts," 1841 ; "Political Economy," 1841 ; " Hand-Book for Readers and Students," 1847 ; " Discourses, Charges, Addresses," &c., 1858; "Religious Philosophy," 1870; "Plan of Temperance Organization for Cities ; " and, with Geo. B. Emerson, " The School and Schoolmaster," 1844. He edited 6 vols. of Harper s " Family Library ; " Wilks s " Chris tian Essays," 1829 ; Maria James s "Poems," 1839 ; and 15 Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity by clergymen of the Prot.-Ep. Church, Svo, 1855. Between 1845 and 1853 he delivered five courses of Lowell Inst. lec tures on subjects connected with natural the ology. Potter, CHANDLER EASTMAN, author, b. Concord, N.H., Mar. 7, 1807 ; d. Flint, Mich., Aug. 4, 1868. Dartm. Coll. 1831. After teaching, practising law, and serving one term in the State legisl., he in 1844 removed to Man chester, where he edited and pub. for 4 years the Manchester Democrat. He in 1852-3 edited the Farmer s Monthly Visitor, and the Granite Farmer in 1854-5 ; was the author of a valua ble history of Manchester, and was well versed in the history of N.H. From 1848 to 1855 he was judge of the Manchester Police Court. For some years he com. the famous Amoskeag Veterans. Many years an active member of the N.H. Hist. Boo*, and its pres. in 1 855-7. Author of a valuable military history of N.H. in the adj.-gen. s reports for 1866 and 1868, of two addresses upon the Penobscot Indians, and other addresses, and papers in periodi cals. Contributed the article upon the Penob scot and other Eastern Indians to School- craft s " History of the Indians," and partially prepared a new edition of Belknap s N. H., with continuation to 1860. Co-editor of the Weekly Mirror and the Mirror and Farmer in 1864-5. See. N. E. Hist, and Geneal. Reg., xxiii. 61. Potter, ELISHA REYNOLDS, politician, b. S. Kingstown, R.I., Nov. 5, 1764; d. there Sept. 26, 1835. In early life he was a soldier and a blacksmith s apprentice ; acquired some knowl edge of law, which he practised with success until he was 40, when he entered political life. From 1793 until his death, he was a rep. to the Assembly, with the exception of 4 terms in Congress in 1796-7 and 1809-16, and in 1818, when a candidate for the office of gov. He was 5 times speaker of the house. Few political men in Rhode Island ever acquired or main tained a more commanding influence. He was always a forcible, and sometimes an eloquent speaker. Potter, ELISHA REYNOLDS, b. S. Kings town, R.I., 20 June, 1811. H.U. 1830. Com missioner of public schools in R.I. 1849-54 ; some years member of the legisl.; adj. -gen. 1835-6; M. C. 1843-5. Author of "Early History of Narragansett," Svo, 1835; "Paper- Money of the Colony of R.I.," Svo, 1837; "Ex tension of Suffrage in R.I.," Svo, 1842; "Ad dress bef. the R.I. Hist. Soc. Feb. 19, 1851 ; " " Reports on the R.I. Public Schools ; " " The Bible and Prayer in Public Schools," Svo, 1854, &C.R.I. Educational Mag., Svo, 1852-4. Potter, HAZARD ARNOLD, M.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1835), physician and surgeon, b. Potter township, Ontario Co., N.Y., Dec. 21, 1811 ; d. Geneva, N.Y., 3 Dec. 1869. After practising in R.I. a few months, he returned to his na tive town; in 1853 he removed to Geneva, N.Y., where he had a high reputation as a sur geon and consulting physician. He performed successfully many cntical surgical operations, and was one of the first surgeons who called attention to the presence of arterial blood in the veins of the parts paralyzed by_ depressed fracture of the cervical vertebras, which he first observed in 1837. In 1854 he successfully per formed the operation of trephining the spine. He was one of the first to remove ovarian tu mors, and introduced a new mode of amputa tion at the hip-joint. During the civil war he was a vol. surgeon. Potter, HORATIO, D.D. (Trin. Coll. 1838), LL.D. (Geneva, 1856), D.C.L. (Oxf. I860), Pr.-Ep. bishop of N.Y., bro. of Alonzo, b. La Grange, Duchess Co., N. Y., Feb. 9, 1 802. Un. Coll. 1826. Ord. deacon July, 1827; priest in :POT 734 1828; and in 1828-33 was prof, of mathemat ics and nat. philos. in Wash. Coll., Hartford. While here, he was invited by Bishop Moore to become his assistant in the Monumental Church, Richmond, Va., but declined. In 1853 he became rector of St. Peter s, Albany, N. Y. ; in 1837 he was chosen pres. of Trinity Coll., Hartford, but declined. Dr. Potter was chosen provis. bishop of N.Y., and consec. Nov. 22, 1854. By the death of Bishop B. T. Onder- dpnk, April 30, 1861, he became bishop of the diocese. Potter, REV. ISAIAH, first settled minister of Lebanon, N.H., from July 6, 1772, to his d. 2 July, 1817; b. Plymouth, Ct., 1746. Y.C. 1767. Studied theology with Dr. Smalley of Berlin, Ct., and was a fellow-student with Dr. Nathaniel Emmons. He m. Elizabeth, dau. of John Barrett of Northfield, Ms. He pub. some occasional sermons. Potter, GEN ROBERT B., lawyer and sol dier, b. N.Y. Son of Bishop P. of Pa., and grandson of Pres. Nott. In 1861 he was a suc cessful lawyer in New York ; became maj. 51st Regt., Shepard Rifles; led the assault at Ro- anoke Island ; was wounded at Newbern ; com. his regt. at Cedar Mountain, Manassas, Chantil- ly ; and at Antietam carried the famous "stone bridge," and was again wounded. He served also in the battle of Fredericksburg; made brig.- gen. 13 Mar. 1863; com. 2d div. 9th corps at Vicksburg, and com. the corps against Long- street in Tenn. and siege of Knoxville ; com. his div. under Grant, and was conspicuous from the Wilderness to Petersburg; and brev. maj.- gen. June, 1864, for gallantry in "several ac tions since crossing the Rapidan." In the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865, he was shot through the body, but recovered. Potts, GEORGE, D.D., a leading Presb. cler gyman and author, pastor of the University- place Church, b. Phila. 1801 ; d. N. Y. City, Sept. 15, 1864. U. of Pa. 1819; Princeton Theol. Sem. 1822. Pastor of a church in Natch ez, Mpi., 1823-35 ; and of the Duane-st. Church, N.Y. City, from May, 1836, until the comple tion of the edifice in University Place. He was brought prominently before the public in 1844 by a controversy with Dr. Wainwright of the Episc. Church, pub. as "No Church without a Bishop." He also pub. a number of ser mons, letters, addresses, &c. Potts, JONATHAN, M.D. (Phila. Coll. 1771), b. Bristol, Pa., 1747 ; d. 17.81. ^ He began prac tice at Reading ; was an active patriot ; was app. surgeon for Canada and Lake George, June, 1776; and app. director of the Gen. Hos pital for the Northern Dept. Jan. 1777. N.E. Gen. and Hist. Reg. 1864. Potts, RICHARD, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1805), gov. of Md. 1781-1782, and U.S. senator from 1792 to 1796. Member Old Congress 1781-2. Potts, STACY GARDNER, b. Harrisburg, Pa.,Nov. 99;d. Trenton, N. J., 9 April, 1865. Bro. of Win. S. Adm. to the bar in 1827 ; member of the legisl. 1828-9 ; clerk of the N. J. Court of Chancery 1831-41 ; judge N. J. Sup. Ct. 1852-9. Author of " Village Tales," 12mo, 1827; "Precedents and Notes of Practice in the N. J. Court of Chancery," 1841. Edited the Eiuvorium in 1821, and contrib. to the Phila. Monthly Mag. He left in MS. " The Christ of Revelation." He was in 1845 one of the com mission to revise and pub. the laws of N. J. M.A. of N.J. Coll. 1844. PpttS, WILLIAM STEPHENS, D.D., minis. ter in St. Louis, b. Northumb. Co., Pa., 13 Oct. 1802 ; d. 27 Mar. 1852. I-s. of Marion Coll. 1835-9 ; pastor 1st Presb Oh., St. Louis, 1828-35 and 1839-52. He pub. a number of sermons, addresses, &c. Sprayue. Pou.ch.ot, M., engineer officer under Mont- calm in Canada, b. Grenoble, France, 1712; killed in Corsica, while reconnoitring, 8 May, 1769. Entered the engrs. in 1733; served in Corsica, Flanders, and Germany; defended Niagara and Fort Levis. Author of " Me moirs of the War of 1755-60 in N.A.," pub. in 3 vols. 1781, translated and edited by F. B. Hough, 2 vols. 4to, 1866. Poulson, ZACHARIAH, editor and pub lisher, b. Phila. Sept. 5, 1761 ; d. there July 31, 1844. He edited and pub. the Amer. Daily Advertiser, the first daily in the U.S., from Oct. 1800 to Dec. 28, 1839. He had been for many years printer to the State senate. Pub. Poul son s Town and Country Almanac from 1789 to 1801; Proud s " History of Pa.," 1797-8; and other valuable books. He was connected with many literary and benevolent societies, and for nearly 59 years with the Library Company of Phila. Simpson. Poussin, WILLIAM TELL SAVALLEE, topog. engineer, b. France. Accomp. Gen. Bernard to the U.S. after the downfall of Na poleon. App. assistant topog. engr. (rank of capt.) March 6, 1817; aide-de-camp to Gen. Bernard, topog. engr. (rank of major), Jan. 15, 1829; resigned July 31, 1832. Author of " Travaux d Ameliorations Interieures, Projete s ou Executes par le Gouv.-Gen. des jtats-Unis d Ame rique, 1824 a 1831," 4to, 1834; " Con siderations sur le Principe De mocratique," &c., 8vo, 1841 ; " De la Puissance Ame ricaine," &c., 2 vols, 8vo, 1843; also other works, and con- tribs. to periodicals. He took an active part in the establishment of the French republic of 1848. Envoy-extra, and minister-plenipo. from France to the U.S. 1849. Powell, CHARLES STUART, comedian, b. Eng. 1749; d. Halifax, N.S., 26 April, 1811. He played at the Covent Garden, London ; had been manager of the Haymarket ; first app. in Boston, 13 Aug. 1792; opened the Boston Theatre as manager in Feb. 1794-6; arid was some years manager of the Halifax Theatre. Powell, GEORGE, historical painter, b. N.Y. City, 1823. Among his works is "The Discovery of the Mississippi." Powell, HENRY WATSON, a British gen. ; d. Lyme, Eng., July 14, 1814. App. a capt. in the 64th Foot, Sept. 1756, he served in the W. Indies in 1759, and in America in 1768; lieut.- col. 53d, July, 1771 ; took part in Burgoyne s exped., with the rank of brig.-gen., 1777; and when the Americans evacuated Ticonderoga, July 6, he was left in com. of that post. Here he was attacked by a body of N. H. and Ct. militia, Sept. 18, who were obliged to retreat. He became a gen. in the army Jan. 1, 1801. Burgoyne s Ord. Book. Powell, JOHN HARE, agricul. b. Phila. POW 735 row April, 1786 ; d. Newport, R.I., June 14, 1856. His father Robert Hare came from England in 1773 ; was a member of the first State Const. Conv., and was speaker of the State senate in 1827. John was educated at Phila. Coll.; be came a successful merchant; was sec. of lega tion to Win. Pinknev in Lond. ; returned in Dec. 1811 ; was brigade-major to Gen. T. Cadwallader Sept. 1814; insp.-gen. (rank of col.) Dec. 1814 to June, 1815. Turning his attention to agriculture, he contributed many valuable essays to the journals of that science; was a founder of the Pa. Agric. Society, 1823; and was instrumental in improving the breed of horned cattle and sheep in the U.S. He was a good speaker and debater, and a patron of the fine arts. Author of " Memoirs of the Pa. Agric. Soc.," and " Hints for American Farm ers." Simpson. Powell, LAZARUS W., politician, b. Hen derson Co., Ky., Oct. 6, 1812; d. Henderson, Ky., July 3, 1867. St. Joseph s Coll., Bards- ton, 1833"; Transylv. Law School, 1835. Adm. to the bar in 1835 ; he was energetic both as a lawyer and a farmer. In 1836 he was elected to the legisl., of which he proved a useful mem ber; was gov. of Ky. in 1851-5; and was U.S. senator in l 859-65. He was a clear and forci ble reasoner, and an excellent working mem her of the senate, but was not re-elected on account of his extreme anti-war views. Powell, LEVIN, lieut.-col. Revol. army, b. Va., 1738 ; d. Bedford, Pa.,. Aug. 1810. Mem ber of the Va. conv. which ratified the U.S. Const. ; M.C. from Va. 1799-1801 ; served through the Revol. war in the Va. line, Cont. army. Resided in London Co., Va. Powell, LEVIN M., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Va. ab. 1800. Midshipm. Mar. 1,1817; lieut. Apr. 28, 1826 ; com. June 24, 1843; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; commo. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. June 8, 1870. Served as midshipman in the Mcdit., China Seas, and Gulf of Mexico, and W. Indies, for the suppression of piracy ; com. several expeditions against the Seminoles, and wounded at the head waters of the Jupiter River in Jan. 1837 ; com. two surveying ex peditions in the Gulf of Mexico 1842-3 ; com. sloop-of-war " John Adams," coast of Africa, 1849-50; home squad. 1856; frigate " Poto mac," block, squad., 1861 ; lighthouse insp. 1863-6. Powell, SNELLING, comedian, bro. of Charles S., b. Carmathen, Wales, 1758 ; d. Boston, 8 Apr. 1821. Feb. 2, 1794, he made a successful debut at the Boston Theatre as Gustavus Vasa. He was a successful man ager of that theatre. His wife, a popular ac tress, a Miss Harrison, d. 26 Dec. 1843. Powell, WILLIAM DINSMOOR, chief jus tice of Upper Canada, b. Boston, 1756; d. Toronto, 6 Sept. 1834. Powell, W. BYRD, M.D., physiologist, b. Bourbon Co., Ky., Jan. 8, 1799 ; d. Covington, Ky., May 13, 1866. Transylv. U. 1820. Med. School, 1823. His father was a pioneer in the settlement of Ky. He interested himself spe cially in studying the physiology of the brain and the temperaments. In 1835 he became prof, of chemistry in the Med. Coll. of La. In 1836 hn demonstrated that the human tem perament could be read from an examination of the cranium alone. He prosecuted this study for 3 years among the Indian tribes, and was regarded by many of his friends as insane. He assisted in organizing the Memphis Institute in 1849, and occupied the chair of cerebral phy siology and med. geology. In 1851 he removed to Covington, Ky. ; in 1856 he took the chair of cerebral phys. in the Eclectic Med. Inst. of Cincinnati, and lectured there 2 or 3 years. In his " Natural Hist, of the Human Temper aments," 1856, he announced his discovery of a measurement indicating infallibly the vital force, and also the signs of vital tenacity. He was a frequent contrib. to scientific and" litera ry periodicals ; wrote, jointly with Dr. R. S. Newton, " The Eclectic Practice of Medicine," and an " Eclectic Treatise on Diseases of Chil dren." Appkton. Power, TYRONE, Irish actor and author, b. Co. Waterford, Nov. 2, 1797 ; d. at sea, Mar. 1841. Another account states that he was b. in Swansea, Wales, and was a journey man printer, changing his name from Thomas Powell after he went on the stage. His wid owed mother having removed to Wales, Tyrone made his debut in the Cardiff Theatre as Ro meo. He played at provincial theatres till 1818, when he retired ; but in 1821 re-appeared on the London stage. His first decided success there was in 1824, in the part of Paddy O Halloran ; and he thenceforth devoted him self to the delineation of Irish characters, in which he was unrivalled. In 1 833-5 and again in 1840-1, he visited the U.S., where he was highly successful. He embai ked for Europe, Mar. 11, 1841, in the steamship "President," which was never heard of afterward. He pub. "Impressions of America," 2 vols. 8vo, 1835; " The King s Secret," a novel ; " The Lost Heir," &c. Powers, GRANT, a Cong, clergyman, b. Hollis, N.H., May 31, 1784; d. Goshen, Ct., Apr. 10, 1841. Dartm. Coll. 1810. He stud ied theology ; was minister at liaverhill in 1815-29, and at Goshen from Aug. 27, 1829, to his death. Author of " Essay upon the In fluence of the Imagination on the Nervous System, contributing to False Hopes in Reli gion ; " a " History of the Coos Country," 12mo, 1841 ; and " Centennial Address at PIol- lis," 8vo, 1830. Powers, HIRAM, sculptor, b. Woodstock, Vt., July 29, 1805. He spent his youth on his father s farm ; emigrated with his family to 0., and, on the death of his father, established him self in Cincinnati, being successively employed in a reading-room, in a produce-store, and with a clockmaker. From a German sculptor he learned the art of modelling in plaster, and for 7 years he directed the wax-work dept. of the museum at Cincinnati, but in 1835 went to Washington, where he was for some time prof itably employed in modelling busts of disting. men. With" the assistance of ,Mr. N. Long- worth of Cincinnati, he was able to establish himself in Florence, where he has since resided. In 1838 he produced an ideal statue of Eve, pronounced by Thorwaldsen a work which any sculptor might be proud to claim as his master piece ; in 1839 he finished his model of tl i 736 " Greek Slave," his most popular work, of which he has made several duplicates in mar ble. Among his other well-known works are the " Fisher-Boy ; " " II Penseroso ; " " Proser pine, "a bust; "California;" " America," mod elled for the Crystal Palace at Sydenham, Eng. ; a bronze statue of Webster, now erected in the State-house grounds at Boston ; and por trait-statues of Washington and of Calhoun. The latter, his best work of the kind, after be ing shipwrecked on Long Island, was safely deposited in Charleston. Among his numer ous busts are those of Adams, Jackson, Web ster, Calhoun, Marshall, Everett, and Van Buren. Mr. Powers was the inventor of a use ful process of modelling in plaster. Died Flor ence, Italy, June 27, 1873. Powhatan, emperor of the Indians in Va. when the English made their first settlement in 1607 ; d. Apr. 1618. He was the most pow erful of the Indian kings, swaying the sceptre over 30 nations numbering 8,000 souls. He was remarkable for vigor and energy, skilful in intrigue, courageous in battle, and magnanimous in victory. He lived, fora savage, in great dig nity and splendor; was always attended by a guard of 40 warriors, and watched by a sentry at night. He was hostile to the English, and came near destroying them repeatedly; but, on the marriage of his dau. Pocahontas to Mr. Rolfe, he became friendly, and remained at peace. His principal residence was Werowoco- moco, on York River, in the present county of Gloucester. Pownall, THOMAS, LL.D., an English statesman and writer, b. Lincoln, 1722; d. Bath, Eng., 25 Feb. 1805. U. of Camb. 1743. He was made sec. to the commiss. for trade and plantations in 1745, and was in the commissa riat of the army in Germany; in 1753 he came to Amer. as sec. to Sir D. Osbpme, whom he succeeded as lictit.-gov. of N. J. in 1755; mem ber of the Congress at Albany in 1754; gov. of Ms. 1757-60; gov. of S.C. 1760-1; and, re turning to Eng., was made director-gen, of the office of control, with rank of col. Entering parliament in 1768, he strenuously opposed the measures of the ministry with respect to Ameri ca ; and his speeches, made at various impor tant crises, form an instructive comment upon the mistaken policy of the times. He retired from parliament in* 1780. Foreseeing the dan ger to Eng. of a union among the Colonies, when the Congress met at Albany to devise the best means of defence against the French, he presented a powerful memorial to Lord Halifax upon the subject. As gov. of Ms. he did not give his confidence to Hutchinson, Oli ver, and their party, which they resented by slandering him to the people and the clergy. He pub. in 1766 "The Administration of the Colonies ; " " Topog. Description of such Parts of N. Amer. as are contained in the Annexed Map (that of L. Evans, corrected, and contin ued to 1775) of the Middle British Colonies," &c. ; besides a number of works on archaeolo gy, antiquities, and politics. Poydras, JULIEN, philanthropist, first delegate to Congress from the Terr, of Or leans 1809-12 ; d. Point Coupe e, La., June 25, 1824. He gave $100,000 for the founding of the Female Orphan Asylum, and left $20,000 for a college at Point Coupee. Pratt, BENJAMIN, lawyer and jurist, b. Co- hasset, Ms., Mar. 13, 171*0; d. Jan. 5, 1763. H. U. 1737. Bred to a mechanical employ ment by his parents, who were poor, the loss of a limb in early life led him to study ; and he soon became conspicuous among the lawyers of the day in learning and eloquence. He was a representative of Boston 1757-9, and was a zealous lover of freedom. The friendship of Gov. Pownall procured him the app. of chief justice of N. Y., which he did not long live to enjoy. He was a man of great research and learning, wrote some fugitive verses, and had made extensive collections in view of writ ing a history of N. Eng., but died too soon to accomplish it. His wife was the dau. of Judge Auchmuty. Pratt, ENOCH, pastor Cong, church, W. Barnstable, Ms., 1807-35, b. Middleborough, Ms., 1781 ; d. Brewster, 2 Feb. 1860. Brown U. 1803. Ord. Barnstable 28 Oct. 1807 ; re signed 1837. Author of a " History of East- ham, Wellfleet, and Orleans, Ms.,"8vo, 1844. Pratt, LOUISA KIRBT ; d. Cincinnati, 2 Oct. 1864. Author of a series of essays in the Home Journal over the signature of " Bell Smith." Her Letters from Paris were pub. with the title " Bell Smith Abroad." Pratt, MATTHEW, an early portrait-painter ofPhila. (1734-1805). He studied 4 years in Lond. with West; returned to Phila. in 1768 ; assisted Peale, his schoolmate, in establishing his museum ; and painted many of the eminent men of his time, among others the prominent members of the convention which framed the Federal Constitution in 1787. Tuckerman. Pratt, PIIINEHAS, an early settler of Wcy- mouth, Ms., d. Charlestown, Ms., 19 Apr. 1680, a. 90. He came to N.E. in June, 1622, with Weston s colony, but, on its failure, fled from the place in Feb. 1623, and reached Plym outh, 30 miles distant, pursued by Indians " in times of frost and snow, as a deer chased with wolves." In 1662 he addressed a petition to the Gen. Court, accomp. with a narrative of the first planting, which he called a " Declaration of the Affairs of the English People that first inhabited N. England." See Ms. Hist. Colls. 4, iv. 476 ; Drake s History of Boston. Pratt, THOMAS G., gov. of Md. 1844-8, b. Washington, D.C., 1805 ; d. Baltimore, Nov. 9, 1869. N. J. Coll. He was bred a lawyer; frequently served in the Md. senate ; was U.S. senator in 1851-7 ; delegate to the Chicago Convention 1864, and to the Phila. National Convention in 1867. Pratt, ZADOCK, an eminent citizen of N.Y., b. Stephentown, Rensselaer Co., N.Y., Oct. 30, 1790 ; d. Bergen, N. J., 6 Apr. 1871. He began life a poor boy, but by his industry gained a large fortune. In 1812 he began business as a saddler and harnessmaker. Devoting his attention to tanning in 1817, he attained emi nent success ; and his name will ever be asso ciated with Prattsville, where he located a tan nery in 1824. Elected to Congress in 1836, and again in 1842, he labored successfully for the public good. His career in Congress will be remembered for his efforts in behalf of the 737 reduction of postage, his plans for the new post-office buildings, and the bureau of statis tics, which owes its origin to him. Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1862 ; pres. of many societies and institutions, including the Mechanics Institute, N.Y. ; also col. of a regt., and member N.Y. legisl. His son, Gen. GEORGE, d. of a wound at the battle of Manas- sas, a. 32. Pratz, LB PAGE DU, French traveller, b. Holland; d. 1775. Entering the French service, he fought in Germany, and, having obtained an interest in the French Western Land Co., left La Rochelle in May, 1718, to take posses sion of hinds ceded them near New Orleans. After some fruitless efforts at colonization, he ascended the Mpi. in 1720; settled with the Natchez Indians, by whom he was well re ceived, but with whom he had a conflict in Dec. 1 723, and his property was burned. Peace restored, he explored the interior of the coun try, visiting the region watered by the Missouri and the Arkansas, and, after 8 years of labor, returned to N. Orleans, where he was treasurer of the company until the office was suppressed, when he returned to France ; and 25 June, 1 734, he landed at La Rochelle. He pub. his " History of Louisiana," giving an account of his adventures, 3 vols. 12mo, 1758, Paris, a work of remarkable exactness. Hoefer, Nouv. Bior/. Univ. Pray, ISAAC CLARK, editor, author, and dramatist, b. Boston, 1813 ; d. N.Y. Nov. 28, 1869. Arab. Coll. 1833. Son of a Boston mer chant of the same name. Some time connected with the Journal of Commerce, and afterward wrote for the Herald; was the author of " Vir- ginius," a play first brought out at the Acad. of Music, and was very successful as a theatrical manager. He trained many celebrities for the stage, among whom are Charlotte Cushman and Charles H. Eaton. He was in Eng. in 1846-7, and performed successfully at the Queen s Theatre, London, the Theatres Royal, Liver pool and Cork, in the highest walks of the drama. Author of "Prose and Verse," 12mo, 1835; "Poems," 1837, 12mo; "Book of the Drama," 8vo, 1851 ; "Memoirs of J. G. Ben nett, "1855; and of several burlesques and plays. Edited the Shrine, a monthly, pub. at Ainherst, 1831-3; Boston Pearl, weekly, 1834 ; also many other magazines and reviews, and in 1S59-GO edited the Phiia. Enquirer. Pray, JOB, member of the exec, council of Ga., and a brave naval commander of the Revol. ; d. Ga. 29 Apr. 1789, a. 50. Oct. 18, 1776. he was sent by the council of safety to St.. Thomas to procure arms and ammunition. Pray, PUBLIUS RUTILIUS R., lawyer and jurist; d. Pearlington, Mpi., Jan. 11, 1840, a. 45. At the time of his death he was one of the judges of the High Court of Errors and Appeals". He pub. " Revised Statutes of Mpi.," 8vo, 1836. Preble, EDWARD, commo. U.S.N., son of Gen. Jedediah,b. Portland, Me., Aug. 15, 1761 ; d. there Aug. 25, 1807. From childhood he discovered a firm, resolute, and persevering temper, and a strong disposition for perils and adventures, which led him to make a voyage to Europe in a letter-of-marque in 1777. In 1779 47 he served as midshipman under Capt. John Foster Williams in " The Protector," and hav ing been taken in the Penobscot exped., under Capt. Salton stall, was confined in the Jersey prison-ship, but obtained his release at N.Y. by the interest of Col. William Tyng. He next served as first lieut. of the sloop-of-war "Winthrop," Capt. Little, and boarded and captured an Eng. brig of superior force, lying in Penobscot harbor, under circumstances which gave the action great eclat. He remained in this ship until Dec. 1782, and occupied him self as shipmaster until Feb. 9, 1798, when he was named one of the five licuts. app. by the govt., and in the fall and winter of that year made two cruises as com. of the brig "Picker ing." Capt. May 14, 1799, he made in the frigate " Essex," of 36 guns, in 1800, a voy age to the E. Indies for the protection of our trade. Near the end of the year, he arrived in N.Y. in feeble health, and so continued until May, 1803, when he took com. of the frigate " Constitution ; " and in June took charge of the squad, sent against Tripoli. He set sail in Aug., and, arriving at his destination in Sept., prevented a war between the emperor of Morocco and the U.S., and brought the bashaw of Tripoli to terms by a series of skilful bom bardments. Having been superseded by Bar- ron, Sept. 8, 1804, he obtained leave to return home. Congress voted him the thanks of the nation and an emblematical medal. See Preble Family by Capt. Geo. H. Preble, 1868. Preble, GEORGE HENRY, capt. U.S.N., b. Portland, Me., Feb. 25, 1816. Son of Capt. Enoch, and nephew of the preceding. Mid- shipm. Oct. 10, 1835; lieut. Feb. 15,1848; com. July 16, 1862; capt. Jan. 29, 1867 ; served in the Seminole war 1841-2. During the Mexi can war he was in the attack on Alvarado, Aug. 8 and Oct. 15, 1846 ; Tampico, Laguna, Vera Cru/, Alvarado, Apr. 1847 ; attached to coast-survey 1847-51 ; in sloop "Macedonian" in Oct. and Nov. 1854, in engagements with Chinese pirates; destroyed 3 piratical junks, July 10, 1855, and 2 on Aug. 27, 1855; com. steamer " Katahdin," W.G. block, squad., at the capture of N.Orleans ; and at Vicksburg, June 29, 1862 ; com. " Oneida," W.G. block, squad., 1862 ; sloop " St. Louis," S.A. block, squad., 1863-5 ; with naval brigade served on shore in battle of Honey Hill, S.C., Nov. 30, 1864, and in 3 actions at Deveaux s Neck ( Dec. 6, 7, and 9, 1864) ; com. steam-sloop "Pensaco- la," N.P. squad., 1868-9. Author of a " Gene alogy of the Preble Family," 8vo, 1868 ; " His tory of the Amer. Flag," 1872. JPreble, GEN. JEDEDIAH, b. Wells, Me., 1707 ; d. Portland, Me., Mar. 11, 1784. He settled in Portland ab. 1748, and began life as a mariner ; capt. in Waldo s regt. 1746 ; was with Gen. Winslow as a lieut.-col. in Acadia in 1755 ; col. 13 Mar. 1758 ; brig.-gen. 12 Mar. 1759 ; was 12 years a representative; council lor in 1773; made a brig.-gen. by the Prov. Congress of Ms. 27 Oct. 1774; and afterward a maj.-gen., but declined on account of age. Member of the State senate in 1780, andjud^e of the C.C.P. in 1778. Preble, WILLIAM PITT, LL.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1829), jurist, b. York, Me., Nov. 27, 17S3; d. Portland, Me., Oct. 11, 1857. H.U. 1806. In 1813 he was app. U.S. dist.-atty., and became a leader of the Democ. party ; in 1818 he removed to Portland, which he repre sented in the Me. Const. Conv., of which he was one of the most influential members. On the inauguration of the new State govt. in 1320 he was app. a judge of the Supreme Court; in 1829 he was app. minister to the Netherlands, and afterward held many public stations. First pros, of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad Co. in 1847. Prentice, GEORGE DENISON, poet and journalist, b. Preston, Ct., Dec. 18, 1802; d. Louisville, Ky., Jan. 22, 1870. Brown U. 1823. Such was his early ripeness of intellect, that he was principal of a public school before he was 15. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1829, but did not engage in practice; and in 1828 became editor of the N.E. Weekly Review at Hartford, a literary journal which he conducted two years. Removing to Louis ville, Ky., he began in Nov. 1830 to edit the Louisville Journal, in which he won a high and wide-spread reputation for political ability and for wit and satire. For many years a leading advocate of the policy of the Whig party, it maintained during the Rebellion, with great zeal and ability, the cause of the Union against the secessionists. Specimens of his verse are to be found in several collections of American poetry; but they have never been gathered into a volume. A selection of his newspaper para graphs was pub. under the title of " Prentice- ana "in 1860. In 1831 he wrote a Life of Henry Clay. Poets and Poetry of the West. Prentiss, GEN. BENJAMIN MAYBERRY, b. Belleville, Wood Co., Va., Nov. 23, 1819. In 1835 he removed to Mo., and in 1841 to Quin- cy, 111., where he engaged in business. He was a capt. in the Mexican war. In 1860 he was an unsuccessful Repub. candidate for Congress. Col. 7th 111. Vols. Apr. 1861, and afterward brig.-gen. 3-rnonths troops, having com. at Cai ro, 111., at that time a position of the utmost importance; brig.-gen. U.S. vols. May 17, 1861 ; in Aug. 1861 he was detailed to the com. at Ironton, Mo.; and Dec. 28 fought the battle of Mount Zion, routing a large body of secessionists. He served in Mo. until April, 1862, when he joined Gen. Grant 3 days be fore the battle of Shiloh, at the beginning of which he was taken prisoner with most of his com. He was released in Oct., and in Dec. was a member of the court-martial on Gen. F. J. Porter. Made maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; ab. July 3, 1863, he defeated Gens. Holmes and Price, who attacked him at Helena, Ark. Prentiss, CHARLES, editor and wit, b. Reading, Ms., Oct. 8, 1774 ; d. Brimfield, Ms., Oct. 20, 1820. H.U. 1795. Son of Rev. Ca leb of Reading. Edited in 1795 the Rural Re pository at Leominster, Ms., and pub. there in 1797 "A Collection of Fugitive Essays in Prose and Verse," and the Political Focus, af terward the Washington Federalist, at George town, the Anti- Democrat at Baltimore, and a literary paper, the Child of Pallas. In 1804 lie visited England. In 1809 he pub. the Thistle, a theatrical paper of brief duration; sifter 1810 he reported the congressional pro ceedings at Washington, and edited the InJe* pendent American ; in 1813 he pub. at Brook- field the " Life of Gen. Eaton," " Life ami Writings of R. T. Paine," 8vo, 1812 ; in 1817- 18 he edited the Virginia Patriot at Richmond. " A scholar, a good writer, a judicious critic, he studied no profession, and relied for sup port entirely upon his pen." Duyckinck. Prentiss, GEORGE ALDRICH, commodore U.S.N., b. Keene, N.H., ISOV ; d. near Charles ton, S.C-, 8 Apr. 1868. Son of John Premiss, formerly editor of the N.H. Sentinel. Mid- shipm. 1 Mar. 1825; lieut. 9 Feb. 1837; com. 14 Sept. 1845 ; commo. (retired list) 16 July, 1860. Prentiss, COL. JOHN HOLMES, a promi nent Democratic editor of N.Y., b. 1785 ; d. Cooperstown, N.Y., 26 June, 1861. M.C. 1837- 41 . Son of Dr. Samuel. Prentiss Family. Prentiss, SAMUEL, M.D., b. Stonington, Ct., 1759; d. Northlield, Ms., 1818. Son of Col. Samuel of the Revol. army. Studied with Dr. Philip Turner of Norwich ; served in the ai my as an assist, surgeon ; resided some years in Worcester, and for 20 years was a n eminent physician and surgeon in Northtield. In 1810 he resided at Bernardston. Of his sons, Samuel was a U.S. senator and judge, John H. a prominent editor and politician, and Win. of Milvvaukie has been pres. of the legisl. council of Wisconsin. WHliams s Med. Bio /. Prentiss, SAMUEL, LL.D., senator and ju rist, son of the preceding, b. Stonington, Ct., Mar. 31, 1782; d. Montpelier, Vt., Jan. 15, 1857. He studied law, and commenced prac tice in Montpelier in 1803, soon acquiring the reputation of a learned, eloquent, and upright lawyer, and becoming one of the foremost men of the Vt. bar. In 1824-5 he represented Montpelier in the legisl. ; in 1829 he was elect ed chief justice of the Supreme Court of Vt. ; and was U.S. senator in 1831-42, where he did much to effect the passage of a law against duelling in the Dist. of Col. ; U.S. dist. judge from 1842 to his death. Prentiss, SERGEANT SMITH, lawyer and orator, b. Portland, Me., Sept. 30, 1808 ; d. Longwood, near Natchez, Mpi., July 1, 1850. Bowd. Coll. 1826. He went to Mpi. in 1827 ; was tutor a year or two in a private family near Natchez ; studied law ; and was adm. to the bar in 1829, when his first speech before a jury is said to have been marked by that wit and eloquence which never deserted him. He was law-partner of Gen. Felix Huston. In 1832 he moved to Vicksburg, became at once leader of the bar in that section of the State, and, by gaining a suit involving the most valuable por tion of the city, gained a high reputation as a lawyer ; while the ground which he receive ! as a fee made him one of the wealthiest men in the State. He was elected to the State legisl. in 1835. His speech in the U.S. house of repre sentatives in 1837, which lasted 3 days, in which he claimed the seat held by Col. Claiborne ( which claim was only rejected by the casting-vote of the speaker, J. K. Polk), established his reputa tion as one of the ablest parliamentary debaters in the country. The candidate thus sent back to the people canvassed the State, and was bj? 739 an overwhelming vote returned to the house, where he disting. himself by his eloquence. His distaste for political life led him to resume practice at the close of his term. Embarrassed by the financial troubles of 1837, and dissatisfied with the course of Mpi. in repudiating her bonds, he removed to New Orleans in 1845, where he led the bar until broken down by ill- health. He was disting. for his love and knowl edge of literature, and took part in many philanthropic movements in that city. See his Memoirs, edited by his brother George L., D.D., 2 vols., N.Y., 1855. Prentiss, THOMAS, D.D., minister of Med- fiekl, Ms., from 1770 to his d. Feb. 28, 1814, b. Holliston, Oct. 27, 1747. H.U. 1766. He was a leader in temperance reform, and estab lished in M. a large public library. He pub. a number of sermons. Some time a chaplain in the Revol. army. Prescott, BENJAMIN, minister of Danvers 1713-58, b. Concord, Ms., 16 Sept. 1687; d. Danvers, May 27, 1777. H.U. 1709. Son of Capt. Jonathan. Author of " Examination of Certain Remarks," 1735; "Letter to Joshua Gee," 1743; "Letter to Whitefield," 1745; " Consideration of the Unhappy Misunder standing between Parliament and the Colo nies," 1774. Prescott Memorial. Prescott, OLIVER, M.D., physician and a Revol. patriot, b. Groton, Ms., Apr. 27, 1731 ; d. there Nov. 17, 1804. H.U. 1750. Son of Judge Benjamin, who was grandson of John of Lincolnshire, Eng., who was an early settler of Lancaster, Ms. He practised medicine in his native town. Before the Revol. he was successively major, lieut.-col., and col. in the militia, and early in 1776 was app. a brig.-gen. for the Co. of Middlesex ; member of the board of war; was in 1777 elected a member of the supreme exec, council of the State, and served 3 years ; in 1778 he became 3d maj.-gen. of State militia; and in 1781 second, but soon after resigned ; judge of probate for Middlesex Co. from 1779 until his death. He was very influential in suppressing the Shays Rebel lion. In 1780 he became a fellow of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. He was a trustee, as well as a patron and benefactor, of Groton Acad. His son OLIVER, M.D., b. Groton, Ms., Apr. 4, 1762, d. Newburyport, Sept. 26, 1827. H.U. 1783. He studied physic with his father, and Dr. James Lloyi of Boston ; was surgeon of the forces which suppressed the Shays Insur- rectiqn in 1787; and was often a representative to the State legisl. He was a founder, trustee, and treasurer of the Groton Acad. Quitting an extensive practice in Groton, he removed to Newburyport in 1811, where he practised with success till his death. He contrib. some valuable articles to the N. E. Journal of Medi cine and Surgery, and pub. a " Dissertation on the Natural History and Medicinal Effects of the Secale Cornutum, or Ergot." Prescott Memorial. Prescott, RICHARD, a British lieut.-gen. ; d. Oct. 1788. App. major 33d Foot, Dec. 20, 1756; May, 1762, lieut.-col. 50th Foot, with which he served in Germany ; brev. col. 7th Foot, June 22, 1772, with which he came to Canada in 1 773. On the reduction of Montreal by the Americans in 1775, Col. Prescott, whc had the local rank of brig.-gen., attempted to descend to Quebec with the English troops and military stores, but was obliged to surren der Nov. 17. In Sept. following he was ex changed for Gen. Sullivan ; in Nov. he became col. of his regt. ; and in Dec. was third in com. of the exped. sent against R.I., where he re mained in com. of the British forces until again made prisoner July 10, 1777, by the ad venturous daring of Lieut.-Col. Barton. He was finally exchanged for Gen. Lee, and resumed his com. at R.I., continuing there till its evacu ation, Oct. 25, 1779. Maj.-gen. Aug. 29, 1777 ; lieut.-gen. Nov. 26, 1782. His treatment of Amer. prisoners was harsh and brutal. Prescott, ROBERT, .a British gen., b. Lan cashire, Eng., 1725; d. near Battle, Sussex, Eng., Dec. 21, 1816. Capt. 15th Foot, Jan. 22, 1755, and served in the exped. against Roche- fort in 1757, against Louisburg in 1758 ; acted as aide-de-camp to Atnherst in 1759, and afterwards joined the army under Wolfe ; March 22, 1761, he was app. major 95th Foot, which formed part of the force sent under Monk- ton to reduce Martinico ; lieut.-col. 28th Regt. Sept. 8, 1775, and was present at the battle of Brooklyn and in the several engagements in Westchester Co., and in the storming of Fort Washington in Nov. ; in 1777 he was attached to the exped. against Phila. ; was app. col. by brev. Aug. 29, and was in the battle of Brandy- wine; in 1778 he was app. 1st brig.-gen. in the exped. under Gen. Grant against the. French W. Indies; col. Oct. 13, 1780; Oct. 19, 1781, maj.-gen. July 6, 1789, he was app. col. of the 28th Regt., and lieut.-gen. Oct. 12, 1793 ; was ordered to Barbadoes, which capitulated March 22, 1794, and of which, as well as of Guadaloupe, he was made civil gov. July 12, 1796, he succeeded Lord Dorchester in the govt. of Lower Canada, which he administered until July 31, 1799, when he was recalled in conse quence of a rupture with the exec, council. Gen. in the army, Jan. 1, 1798. Prescott, COL. WILLIAM, a disting. Re vol. officer, bro. of Oliver, b. Groton, Ms., 20 Feb. 1726; d. Oct. 13, 1795. A provincial lieut. at the capture of Cape Breton in 1754 ; capt. under Gen. Winslow in Nova Scotia, 1756. He was offered a commis. in the regular army, which he declined. Inheriting a large estate at Pepperell, he resided there until the breaking-out of the war, filling various muni cipal offices. In 1774 he was app. to com. a regt. of minute-men, with which he marched (19 April, 1775) to Lexington. The British having retreated, he proceeded to Cambridge, where he entered the prov. army. June 16, 1 775, he was ordered to Charlestown with 1 ,000 men, and directed to throw up works on Bun ker s Hill. On arriving at the ground, it was perceived that the neighboring elevation, called Breed s Hill, was a more suitable station ; and on it the defences, consisting of a redoubt and breastwork, were erected during the night. The following day, a large British force, unde? Gen. Howe, attacked, and (after a contest among the most memorable in American annals, and after sustaining a loss equal to the American force engaged) succeeded in dislodging him. 740 Few of Prescott s men had ever seen an action : they had been laboring all night, and were left without supplies of ammunition or refresh ment, and, thus fatigued and destitute, had to bear the repeated assaults of a numerous, well- appointed veteran army. Col. Prescott was one of the last tt leave the intrenchments when he found it necessary to order a retreat. Early in 1777 he resigned, and returned home, but in the autumn of the same year joined the Northern army under Gen. Gates as a vol unteer, and was present at the capture of Burgoyne. He subsequently sat in the Ms. legislature for several years. "Prescott, WILLIAM, LL.D. (H.U. 1824), lawyer and jurist, son of the preceding, b. Pepperell, Ms., Aug. 19, 1762 ; d. Boston, Dec. 8, 1844. H.U. 1783. He taught school first at Brooklyn, Ct., and then at Beverly, Ms., where, during two years, he also studied with Mr. Dane, the disting. lawyer, and where, in 1 787-9, he engaged in successful practice. Re moving to Salem, he served as its representa tive, and as senator of Essex Co. in the legisl. ; in 1806, and again in 1813, he was offered a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of Ms., which he declined. He removed to Bos ton in 1808 ; served for some years as one of the governor s council ; was a deleg. to the Hartford Conv. in 1814; in 1818 was judge of the C. C. P. for Suffolk; and was in 1820 a delegate to the State Const. Conv. Member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Two of his sons survived him, one of whom was William H. Prescott the historian. The other, EDWARD GORDON (b. Salem, Jan. 2, 1804, H.U. 1825), was first a lawyer, but in 1 837 settled as an Epis. clergyman in N. J. ; d. 11 Apr. 1844. Prescott, WILLIAM HICKLING, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1840; H.U. 1843; Oxf. U. 1850), historian, b. Salem, Ms., 4 May, 1796; d. Bos ton, 28 Jap. 1859. H.U. 1814. Son of Judge William and Catharine Greene, dau. of Thomas Hickling, who for nearly 50 years was U.S. consul at St. Michael s. His grandfather Col. William com. at the battle of Bunker s Hill. His preparatory studies were directed by Rev. J. S. J. Gardiner. An injury to his eye while at college determined him to adopt a literary instead of a professional career. In 1815-17 he travelled in England, France, and Italy, but, having vainly sought aid from eminent oculists, returned home with his sight perma nently impaired, and was obliged to use the eyes of others in his subsequent literary re searches and labors. In May, 1820, he m. Su- sau Amory. He began in 1824 his contribs. to the N. Amer. Review, which were pub. in one volume in 1 845 ; in 1 834 he wrote the Me moir of Charles Brockden Brown for Sparks s Amer. Biorj. ; in Jan. 1826 he began his "His tory of Ferdinand and Isabella," pub. in 1838 in 3 vols. 8vo, the success of which placed him in the front rank of historians. His " Con quest of Mexico" app. in 3 vols. 8vo, 1843; " Conquest of Peru," 2 vols. 8vo, 1847 ; " His tory of Philip II. of Spain," 3 vols. 1855-8, which he intended to issue in 6 vols., but which he did not live to complete. In 1 856 he pub. an edition of Robertson s " Charles the Fifth," with notes and a valuable supplement. HIM works were translated into the French, Span. ish, Italian, German, and Dutch languages. His merits as an historian are a spirit of thor ough research, an unequalled impartiality, and a remarkable clearness, animation, and grace of style. He was a member of the most promi nent learned bodies of the Old and New World, and was in the highest degree a social, kindly, and generous man. See Life by George Tide- nor, 1864. Preston, ISAAC TRIMBLE, jurist, b. Ya. in 1793 ; d. July 5, 1852, in consequence of a steamboat disaster on Lake Pontchartrnin, near New Orleans. Y.C. 1812. He studied law at Litehfield, Ct. Was a capt. in the war of 1812-15; subsequently completed his legal studies with William Wirt ; removed to New Orleans, where he practised with great success, and was at the time of his death a judge of the Supreme Court of Louisiana. Preston, JAMES PATTON, gov. of Ya. in 1816-19, b. 1775; d. Smithfield, Ya., May 4, 1843. W. and M. Coll. 1790-5. Son of Col. William. App. lieut.-col. 12th Inf. Mar. 19, 1812 ; col. 23d, Aug. 15, 1813. At the battle of Chrystler s Field he received a wound in the thigh, which crippled him for life. Member Va. senate, and many years postmaster of Richmond. Father of* Wm. B. Preston. Preston, JOHN S., orator and politician, brother of William C., b. near Abingdon, Ya., Apr. 20, 1809. He was educated at Hainp. Sid. Coll. and the U. of Ya., and afterward studied in the Law School of H.U. In 1 S30 he m. a dau. of Gen. Wade Hampton of S.C., and was an active nullifier. He ^yas engaged for many years in sugar-planting in La., where he owned large estates, but resided in Columbia, S.C. He gained reputation as an orator in the State legisl. from 1 848 to 1 856, and increased it by addresses before the 76 Association of Charleston, the literary societies of the S.C. Coll., and particularly at the celebration of the 75th anniv. of the battle of King s Mountain. In May, 1860, he was chairman of the S.C. delegation to the Democ. conv. at Charleston, from which he subsequently withdrew, then joining the secession movement. After the elec tion of Mr. Lincoln he was app. a commiss. to Ya. ; and in Feb. 1861 made an elaborate plea in favor of her immediate withdrawal from the Union, which is esteemed the crowning effort of his oratory. Preston, THOMAS S., pastor of St. Ann" s R.C. Church, and chancellor of the diocese of N.Y., b. Hartford, Ct., 1824. Trin. Col;., Hartf., 1843. Author of "Ark of the Cove nant," 1860; "Life of St. Mary Magdalen*," 1861 ; " Sermons for the Seasons," 8vo, 1S64 ; "Life of St Vincent de Paul," 1866; "Lec tures on Christian Unity," 1866; "Purgatorian Manual," 1867; "Reason and Revelation," 8vo, 1868. Preston, WILLARD,D.D. (U. of Ga. 1839), an eloquent Presb. clergyman, b. Uxbridge, Ms., May 29, 1785; d. Savannah, April 26, 1856. Brown U. 1806. Studied law ; resi ded a few years in Providence, R.I., but en tered the ministry in 1811 at St. Alban s, Yt. , in 1816-20 he had charge of the church in 741 Richmond St., Providence, B.I.; was chosen pros, of the U. of Vt. in 1825 ; removed to Ga. for the benefit of a milder climate in 1829, offi ciating in Powellton, Madison, and Milledge- ville ; in 1831 became pastor of the Presb. ch. in Savannah, and there remained until his death. Preston, WILLIAM, gen. C.S.A., b. near Louisville, Ky., Oct. 16, 1816. Cambridge Law School, 1 838. He studied at the Jesuits Coll. at Bardstown, Ky., and at New Haven. Practised law at Louisville until Oct. 1847, when he became licut.-col. 4th Ky. Vols., and serv r ed through the Mexican war. Resuming his profession, he became a member of the State Const. Conv. June 11, 1850; of the State le- gisl. in 1850 and 1851; M.C. 1851-3; after- war Is attached himself to the Democ. party; was a member of the conv. at Cincinnati in 1856 which nominated Mr. Buchanan, who, Mar. 1 2, 1 859, app. him envoy -extr. to the court of Spain. Resigning early in 1 861, he returned to Ky. to induce the State to secede; was chosen in Nov., by a convention held at Russellville, a commiss. to visit Richmond, and negotiate for the admission of Ky. into the Confed. ; app. a brig.-gen. in the Confed. army ; acted as a vol. aide on the staff of his bro.-in-law Gen. A. S. Johnston ; was present at Shiloh when Gen. Johnston received his death-wound ; and served under Bragg during his invasion of Ky. in Sept. 1862. Preston, WILLIAM BALLARD, statesman, b. Va. ; d. at his residence in Montgomery Co., Va., Nov. 14, 1862. M.C. in 1847-9 ; sec. of the navy under Pres. Taylor 1849-50; and a senator in the Confed. Congress. Preston, WILLIAM CAMPBELL, LL.D. (H.U. 1846), statesman, b. Phila. Dec. 27, 1794; d. Columbia, S.C., May 22, 1860. U. of S.C. 1812. His grandfather Col. William com. a mi litia regt., was wounded at Guilford, and d. soon after 1783. Francis his father, M.C. 1793-7, d. May 26, 1835, a. 69. He studied law in the office of Wm. Wirt at Richmond, and, while visiting Europe in 1816-19, attended the lec tures of Hope, Playfair, and Brown, at Edinb. Adm. to the bar in 1820, he settled at Colum bia, S.C., in 1822, and practised successfully; M.C. in 1824, he disting. himself by his advo cacy of free trade and State rights, and was a nullification leader in the State legislatures of 1828 and 1830-2; U.S. senator 1 834-42, where he took high rank as a debater. Pres. of the U. of S.C. 1845-51. He soon after established the Columbia Lyceum, which he endowed with his library of 3,000 vols. His oratory was or nate and fluent, his elocution graceful, and he was well versed in the English classics. Maj. Wm . and James P. Preston were his sons. He pub. a Eulogy on Hugh S. Legare, 1843 ; and speeches, addresses, &c. Prevost, AUGUSTINE, a British maj.-gen., b Geneva; d. Bernett, Eng., 5 May, 1786. His mother was the dau. of Chevalier Grand. He was lieut.-col. in March, 1 761 ; col. Aug. 29, 1777 ; maj.-gen. 27 Feb. 1779. As a captt 60th Kegt. ( Koyal American), he served under Wolfe t Quebec. He was highly disting. in the American war by his defence of Savannah in Oct. 1779. He captured the fort at Sunhury, Ga., in Dec. 1778; defeated Geu. Ashe at Brier Creek in March, 1779 ; and in May attempted, unsuccessfully, to capture Charles ton. Prevost, SIR GEORGE, a British lieut.- gen., son of the preceding, b. New York, May 19, 1767; d. Eng., Jan. 5, 1816. He entered the army young ; served with distinction at St. Vincent s and Dominica, and at St. Lucia; was created a baronet Nov. 20, 1805 ; maj.-gen. Jan. 1805; lieut.-gen. June, 1811; lieut.-gov. of Nova Scotia in 1 808 ; second in com. at the capture of Martinique; and in June, 1811, succeeded Sir James Craig in the chief civil and military com. of British N. America, which he held till his return to Eng. in 1814. His ser vices in the defence of Canada against the ar mies of the U.S. in 1812-14 were of great im portance, although he was defeated by Macomh and Macdonough at Plattsburg, 11 Sept. 1814. Price, ELI K., member of tbe Phila bar, b. Chester Co., Pa., 1797. Author of "Me moir of Philip and Rachel Price" (his parents), 1853; "Limitations of Actions in Pa.," 8vo, 1857; "The Family as an Element of Govern ment," 1864. Allibone. Price, RICHARD, D.D. (Glasg. U. 1769), LL.D. (Y.C. 1783), minister, and writer on politics and morals, b. Glamorganshire, Wales, 22 Feb. 1723; d. 19 Apr. 1791. Educated at Talgarth and at a Presb. acad. in Lond. Set tled in 1758 over a dissenting cong. at New- ington Green, of whicli he was many years pastor. He was an intrepid asserter of the rights of man; and in 1776 pub. "Observa tions on the Nature of Civil Liberty," &c., the best exposition of the injurious policy pursued towards the Americans. It attained in t\vo years a sale of 60,000. The common council of Lond. gave him the freedom of the city, and the Amer. Congress afterward invited him to become a citizen of the U.S. In 1784 he pub. " Observations on the Importance of the Amer. Revol." From 1763 to 17S6 he contrib. many papers to the "Philos. Transactions." F.R.S. 1764. Of his many other works, that on the National Debt is regarded as one of the best upon political arithmetic. Philanthropy was the leading characteristic both of his conduct and his writings. Price, RODMAN M., gov. of N. J. 1854-7, b. Sussex Co., N. J., Nov. 5, 1816. He studied at N. J. Coll. ; but illness prevented his gradu ation. He then studied law ; was app. purser in the navy in 1840; is said to have been the first person to exercise judicial functions under the American flag on the Pacific coast as al calde; was made navy agent there in 1848; was M.C. from N. J. 1851-3; delegate to the Peace Congress, 1861. He caused the estab lishment in that State of a normal school, and fostered the State militia. Lanman. Price, STERLING, maj.-gen. C. S. A., b. Prince Edward Co., Va., Sept. 1809 ; d. St. Louis, Mo., 29 Sept. 1867. He settled as a farm er in Charlton Co., Mo., in 1830. Good natural abilities, improved by study, soon made him known. He served in the State legisl. ; was M.C. 1845-7 ; col. of Mo. vol. cavalry in Mex. war, 12 Aug. 1846; brig.-gen. 20 July, 1847; promoted and made military gov. of Chihuahua for the capture of Taos ; com. and wounded a; IPRI 742 Canada, New Mex., 24 Jan. 1847; and com. in battle of Santa Cruz de Resales 16 Mar. 1848. Gov. of Mo. 1853-7 and during the "border- ruffian war" between the Missourians and the settlers of Kansas ; and was bank commiss. in 1 861 , and a leader of the secession party of Mo. ; made pres. of the State conv. 28 Feb. 1861, as pen. -in-chief he sought to take Mo. out of the Union. Retiring before Gen. Lyon, Price quarrelled with Ben. McCullough, who with drew his forces; and the State was saved to the Union. Sept. 20 he captured Lexington with 5,000 prisoners, and was thanked by the Con- fed. Congress. Transferred to the service of the Con fed. States in Mar. 1862, with the rank of maj.-gen. ; he was one of the leaders in the battle of Pea Ridge, Mar. 6-8, 1862, where he was wounded; fought at Iuka20 Sept., and at Corinth Oct. 3-5 ; com. the advance of the army in Northern Mpi. under Pemberton in Dec. ; was subsequently in com. of the Dept. of the Ark.; and in Sept. 1864 invaded Mo., but, after gaining some temporary success, was driven from the State, and pursued with great loss. At the close of the war he went to Mex ico, where he acted for a time on the board of immigration, but returned to Mo. in 1867. Prideaux, JOHN, brig.-gen., b. Devon shire, England, 1718; accidentally killed in the trenches at the siege of Niagara, July 19, 1759. Son of Sir John Prideaux, bart. App. capt. of the 3d Foot Guards, Feb. 24, 1745; col. 55th Foot, Oct. 28, 1758 ; and brig.-gen. May 5, 1759 ; served at the battle of Dettingen. He was intrusted by Wm. Pitt with the duty of reducing Fort Niagara, then one of the most formidable in the country. He effected a land ing, July 7, 1759, and at once opened fire upon the fort; on the llth he defeated a sortie, and on the 19th was busy in the trenches, when he was killed by the bursting of a coehorn. Pridgen, WILLIAM, of Bladen Co., N.C., of remarkable longevity; d. Oct. 14, 1845, a. 1 23. Although exempted by age from military duty, he served a full term in the Cont. army, and became entitled to a pension, which he re ceived during the latter years of his life. He retained the use of his limbs and his faculties to the last, with the exception of his sight, which he lost a few years before his decease. Priest, JOSIAH; d. ab. 1850 in Western N.Y. Pub. "American Antiquities and Dis coveries in the West," 8vo, Albany, 1841 ; " Slavery in the Light of History and Scrip ture," &c., 1843; "Stories of the Revol. ,"&c., 8vo, 1836 ; "View of the Millennium," 12mo, 1828 ; " Wonders of Nature," &c., 1826. He was an uneducated man, by trade a harness- maker. Priestley, JOSEPH, LL.D., philosopher, chemist, and theologian, b. Fieldhead, York shire, England, 13 Mar. 1733 ; d. Northumber land, Pa., 6 Feb. 1804. He studied at a dis senting acad. ; preached in 1755-8 at Needham Market; at Nantwich, Cheshire, in 1758-61, when he became tutor of languages and belles- lettres in the sem. at Warrington, where he pub. " The Scripture Doctrine of Remission," in which he rejects the dogma of the Atone ment ; and in 1767 a " History of Electricity," at the suggestion of Dr. Franklin. This caused his election into the Royal Society, and gained him the degree of LL.D. from Edinburgh U. In 1767 he became minister to a large cong. at Leeds, and made important pneumatic discov eries ; in 1772 he received the Copley Medal for his " Observations on Different Kinds of Air." He discovered the effect of respiration on the blood, and the tendency of vegetation to restore to vitiated air its vivifying principle. He also discovered nitrous gas, muriatic gas and oxygen, which he obtained in 1774 from red precipitate of mercury, calling it " dephlo- gisticated air." " As a physicist and chemist," says Cuvier, " his talents were of the first order." His researches and writings have con tributed much to the progress of the sciences. Librarian and literary companion of the Earl of Shelburne 1773-80, he accomp. him in 1774 in a tour through Flanders, Holland, and Ger many. While at Leeds he pub. some pieces in favor of civil liberty, the chief of which was " An Address to Dissenters on the Subject of the Differences with America," written at the request of Drs. Franklin and Fothergill. In 1780 he settled at Birmingham as minister of the principal dissenting cong., and incurred public odium by his liberal religious and repub lican sentiments; in July, 1791, his house was fired by a mob, who inflicted great damage on his books, apparatus, &c., he and his family escaping by flight; in April, 1794, he settled in Northumberland, Pa., but was regarded with hostility by the anti-French party. He delivered two courses of lectures at Phila. in 1796-7 on "The Evidences of Revelation," pub. in 2 vols., and defended Socinianism with much warmth in a controversy with Dr. Linn of Phila. Besides the above-named works, he is the author of "Institutes of Natural and Revealed Religion," 1772-4; "Experiments and Observations on Air," 5 vols. 1774-80; " Defence of Socinianism ; " " History of the Corruptions of Christianity," 1782 ; " Familiar Letters to the Inhabitants of Birmingham," 1790; "Reply to Burke s Reflections on the French RevoL," 1791 ; " Disquisitions on Mat ter and Spirit," &c. His publications exceed 70 volumes. See Carry s Life of Priestley, 1805; Autobiographic Memoirs, 1806; Allibone. Prime, BENJAMIN YOUNG, M.D., b. Kunt- ington, L.I., 20 Dec. 1733; d. 31 Oct. 1791. N.J. Coll. 1751; tutor there 1756-7. De scended from James, a first settler of Milford, Ct. Son of Ebenezer, minister of H. 1719-79. He took his medical degree at Leyden ; settled in the practice of medicine in New York in 1764; subsequently wrote essays in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French, and Spanish, and many Revol. songs and ballads, which circulated widely during the war. Author of " The Pa triot Muse," poems, 8vo, Lond. 1764 ; " Colum bia s Glory," a poem on the American Revol., 1791 ; and " Muscipula Cambryomachia," 1838. Sprague. Prime, NATHANIEL SCUDDER, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1848), Presb. clergyman, b. Huntington, L.I., Apr. 21 , 1 785 ; d. Mamaroneck, N. Y., Mar. 27, 1856. N.J. Coll. 1804. From his grand father, Rev. Ebenezer, and from his father, Dr. Benjamin Young, he inherited a taste for let ters, which he cultivated assiduously, and trans- 743 mitred to his children. Ord. Oct. 24, 1809, and officiated for several years at Sag Harbor, Freshpond, and Smithtown ; and July 14, 1813, became pastor of the church in Cam bridge, Washington Co., N. Y., where he re mained until 1830 ; the last three years of this time he was principal of a literary institution. In 1830 he took charge of the Mount-Pleasant Acad., Sing Sing; and in 1835 established a female seminary in Newburg, N. Y., subse quently teaching and preaching in various places." He was an able preacher and a suc cessful instructor. He wrote for v he press a Treatise on Baptism ; and " The History of Long Island," 12mo, 1845. Sprafjue. Prime, SAMUEL IREN^EUS, D.D. (Hamp. Sidney Coll.), clergyman, son of Rev. N. S. Prime, b. Ballston, N. York, Nov. 4, 1812. Wins. Coll. 1829. After studying at Prince ton Theol. Sem., he entered the Presb. minis try. Compelled by ill-health in 1840 to relin quish the active duties of his profession, he be came editor of the N. Y. Observer, newspaper, the chief organ of his denomination, and one of the leading religious periodicals in the country. Author of " Travels in Europe and the East," :C vols. 1855; a work on Switzerland, the re sult of an extensive journey in 1853 ; "Life in New York," 1845; "Annals of the English Bible," Svo, 1849; and of several religious works, including " Thoughts on the Death of Little Children ; " " The Power of Prayer," the latter a sketch of the Fulton-st. (New York) prayer-meeting, has been repub. in several Eu ropean languages ; " The Bible in the Levant," &c., 1859; "Memoirs of Rev. Nicholas Mur ray," 1862; and "Five Years of Prayer, with the Answers," 1864. See Notice in Harper s Weekly, Sept, 25, 1858. Prime, WILLIAM COWPER, author, bro. of S. I., b. Cambridge, N.Y., Oct. 31, 1825. N. J. Coll. 1843. Becoming a member of the New- York bar, he has since been also engaged in literary pursuits. He has pub ." The Owl- Creek Letters," originally contributed to the N. Y. Jonr. of Commerce; " The Old House by the River," 1853; and "Later Years," 1854. In 1855-6 he travelled extensively in since paid much attention to numismatics and Egyptian antiquities ; and in 1 860 edited a work entitled " Coins, Medals, and Seals," 4to. In 1865 he pub., with notes, the old hymn, " Mother Dear, Jerusalem ! " " Passio Chris- ti " of Albert Durer, 1868. Contrib. to the New Amcr. Cyclop, and to periodicals. Prince, HENRY, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Eastport, Me., Jan. 19, 1811. West Point, 1835. Entering the 4th Inf., he became 1st lieut. 1 838 ; won two brevets for gallantry at Contreras, Churubusco, and Molino del Rey, where he was severely wounded; made capt. Sept. 26, 1847 ; paymaster (rank of major), May 23, 1855; and brig.-gen. vols. April 28, 1862. Assigned to the Army of Va. under Gen. Pope, he was taken prisoner at the battle of Cedar Mountain, Aug. 9, 1862 ; was released on parole in Sept. ; served in N. C. Jan.-June, 1S63; iu, the Rapidan campaign, Oct.-Dee 1 863 ; in Mine-Run operations Nov.-Dec. 1 863 ; in com. of Dist. Columbus, Ky., Apr.-Aug. 1864; brev. lieut.-col. 9 Aug. 1862, for Cedar Mountain; and brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Cidlum. Prince, JOHN, LL.D. (B. U. 1795), a Cong, clergyman, eminent for his scientific ac quirements, b. Boston, July 1 1 , 1751; d. Sa lem, June 7, 1836. H. U. 1776. Ord. at Salem in 1779, and pastor of the First Church there nearly 58 years. He especially disting. himself for his improvements in the air-pump ; and the one which he made as early as 1784 gave him a reputation throughout the scien tific world. He pub. sermons. A Memoir by C. W. Upham is in " Ms. Hist. Colls.," 3d ser., v. 5. Prince, JOHN CHARLES, R. C. bishop of St. Hyacinth, C. E. Consec. bishop of Mar- tyropolis, and co-adjutor of Montreal, July 25, 1845 ; transf. to St. H. June 8, 1852; d. May 5, I860. Prince, NATHAN, scholar, b. Sandwich, Ms., 30 Nov. 1698; d. minister of Ruatan, Bay of Honduras, July 25, 1 748, a. 50. H.U. 1718. Bro. of Rev. Thomas. Tutor of H. U. 1723 ; fellow in 1737, but was removed in 1742. He afterwards pub. an account of the consti tution and govt. of Harv. Coll., from its founda tion in 1636 to 1742 ; and an essay to solve the difficulties attending the accounts of the resur rection, 1734. He became an Episcopalian, and ranked among the great scholars of his time. Allen. Prince, OLIVER PL, U. S. senator from Ga. 1828-9 ; lost Oct. 9, 1837, in the steamboat " Home," near Ocracocke. He pub. " Digest of the Laws of Ga.," &c., to Dec. 1820, 2d ed. Svo, 1837. Prince, or Prence, THOMAS, gov. of Plym. Col., b. Eng. 1601 ; d. Plym., Ms., Mar. 29, 1 673. He arrived in Plymouth in 1621; was gov. in 1634, 1638, and from 1657 to 1673, and was an assist, in 1635-7 and in 1639-57. He lived at Nauset, or Eastham, of which he was one of the first settlers in 1644, until rechosen governor ; and in 1 663 he removed to Plym outh. He was a man of eminent worth and piety, and an impartial magistrate. Strict in his religious opinions, he zealously opposed those whom he believed to be heretics, particu larly the Quakers. He was a friend of learn ing, and, in opposition to the clamors of the ig norant, procured revenues for the support of grammar-schools in the Colony. Prince, THOMAS, minister and chronolo- gist, b. Sandwich, Ms., May 15, 1687; d. Boston, Oct. 22, 1758. H.C. 1707. Son of Samuel of Sandwich, and grandson of Elder John of Hull, who came to N.E. in 1633. He went to Eng. Apr. 1, 1709, and preached some time at Combe, in Suffolk ; but, being strongly attached to his native land, returned to Boston, July 20, 1717, and was ord. over the Old South Church, Oct. 1, 1718, as col league of Dr. Sewall. He was eminent as a preacher, linguist, and man of learning. Mr. Prince began in 1703, and continued more than 50 years, a collection of public and private pa pers relating to the civil and religious history of N.E. This he pub. in the form of annals, 744 12mo. 1736, and 3 numbers of the second part in 1756, but spent so much time upon the in troductory epitome, beginning at the creation, that he brought his history only down to 1633. His collection of MSS. was deposited in the Old South Church, and was partly destroyed by the British, who occupied that building in 1775-6; many important facts relating to the history of the country being thus irrecovera bly lost. His books and MSS. now form part of the Pub. Library of the city of Boston. Be sides a great number of sermons, he pub. an "Introduction and Notes to Mason s History of the Pequot War," 1736; various biographi cal and other papers in the Christian His tory, 1743-4; "An Improvement on the Doctrine of Earthquakes/ &c., 1755; "Life of Nehemiah Walter, appended to his Ser mons," 1755; Notes and Appendix to " Wil- linms s Eedeemed Captive," 1757; "The Psalms, &c., with Historical Preface and Notes," 1758 ; several lives in " Mayhew s In dian Converts," 1727 ; and an account of the first appearance of the Aurora Borealis. Prince, THOMAS, son of the preceding, b. Boston, Feb. 27, 1722; d. Oct. 1748. H.U. 1740. He edited the earliest American peri odical, the Christian History, containing ac counts of the revival and propagation of re ligion in Great Britain and America for 1743, 2 vols. 8vo, pub. weekly, 1744-6 Pring, DANIEL, commodore R.N. ; d. Port Royal, Jamaica. Nov. 29, 1847. He early entered the navy ; was a midshipm. at the at tack on Copenhagen in 1801 ; was made a lieut. in 1807 ; com. the schooner "Paz" on the Halifax station in 1812; was transferred to service on Lake Ontario in 1813, and pro moted to commander; and in 1814 was app. to com. " The Linnet," a brig of 16 guns, in the squad, of Com. Downie on Lake Champlain. In the celebrated engagement with the fleet of Macdonough, he sustained a severe conflict with " The Eagle " (of 20 guns), but was event ually compelled to strike. In 1815 he was promoted to post-captain, and early in 1846 to commodore. Morgan s Celebrated Canadians, Proctor, HENRY, a British lieut.-gen., b. of an ancient family in Wales, 1765 ; d. Liv erpool, Eng., 1822. Rejoined the army as lieut. 43d Foot, Dec. 1781 ; became maj. May, 1795 ; lieut.-col. 41st, Oct. 1800; col. July, 1810; maj. -gen. June, 1813 ; and, on the breaking-out of the war of 1812, came to Canada in com. of the 41st Regt. He was despatched to Am- herstburg by Gen. Brock to prevent the land ing of Hull, whose forces he repulsed from that place, and defeated at Brownston, and gained a brilliant victory over Winchester on the River Raisin, for which he was promoted to the rank of brig.-gen. In May, 1813, he was defeated at Fort Meigs by Gen. Harrison ; Aug. 2, he was signally defeated by Major Croghan in defence of Fort Stephenson, Lower Sandusky ; and Oct. 5, 1813, was totally de- .eated at the battle of the Thames by Gen. Harrison. He was afterward tried by court- martial, and suspended from rank and pay for 6 months. He com. again during the war, and rose to the rank of lieut.-gen. Morgan s Celebrated Canadians. Proctor, GEN. THOMAS, Revol. officer, b. Ireland, 1739; d. Phila. 16 Mar. 1806. Col. of Pa. art. through the Revol. ; disting. at Brandywine, and in Sullivan s exped. against the Indians. He was a carpenter by trade. Proud, ROBERT, historian, b. Yorkshire, Eng.^May 10, 1728; d. Phila. July 7, 18r3. Arriving in Phila. in Jan. 1759, he taught Greek and Latin in a Quaker acad. until the Revol. Firm in his attachment to the crown, he believed that the Revol. would cause the decline of virtue and prosperity in America. He pub. in 1797-8 a valuable history of Pa. (1681-1742), by which he was pecuniarily a loser. See Notice of his Life in Pa. Hist. Soc. Memoirs, by C. W. Thompson, vol. i. 8vo, 1826. Proudfit, ALEXANDER MONCRIEF, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1812), Presb. clergyman, b. Pequea, Pa., 1770; d. New Brunswick, N. J., Apr. 17, 1843. Col. Coll. 1792. He was in 1794-1835 pastor of the Ref. Presb. Church, Salem, N. Y.; and was subsequently the agent of the Amer. Colonization Society. He pub. "Ruin and Recovery of Man," 12rno, 1806; "Theological Works-," 4 vols. 12mo, 1815; a work on the Parables, 12mo, 1820; and ser mons. A Memoir by John Forsyth, D.D., was pub. in 12mo, N.Y. PrOVOOSt, SAMUEL, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1786), Prot.-Ep. bishop of N. Y., b. New York, March 11, 1742; d. there Sept. 6, 1815. Col. Coll. 1758. Of Huguenot descent; son of John, a merchant of New York. Educated at Cambridge, Eng., where he graduated. He be came an Episcopalian ; was adm. to orders in 1 766 ; married at Cambridge ; returned to New York, and became an assist, at Trinity Church, Dec. 1766. Being a warm advocate of the Amer. Revol., he resigned his charge in 1770 ; retired to a small farm in Duchess Co., and refused all preferment, although proposed as a delegate to the Prov. Congress in 1775; invited in 1777 to become chaplain to the con vention which formed the first const, of N.Y. ; and offered the same year the rectorship of St. Michael s Church at Charleston, and in 1782 of King s Chapel, Boston. In 1783, when New York was evacuated by the British troops, he left his retirement for the rectorship of Trinity Church; and at the first gen. conv. of the church in 1786 was elected bishop; pro ceeded to Eng. with Bishop White of Pa. for consecration; and was adm. 4 Feb., 1787, to the holy order of bishops at Lambeth, return ing to New York, April 8, 1787. He was chaplain to the Cont. Congress in 1785, and to the U.S. senate in 1789. Overcome by domes tic bereavements.and afflictions, he resigned his rectorship of Trinity Church in 1800, and his bishopric in Sept. 1801. Pry or, ROGER A., b. Dinwiddie Co., Va., July 19, 1828. Hamp. Sid. Coll. 1845. His father was a prominent clergyman. He stud ied law ; and in 1 850 edited the Southside Democrat at Petersburg. Va. In 1 852-3 he was on the staff of the Union, newspaper, at Wash ington ; in 1854 he was commiss. to Greece; in 1855 resumed his editorial functions at Peters burg ; afterward edited the South at Richmond, and the States, an advocate of extreme South- IPUG- 745 em views, at Washington. Elected to Con gress in 1859, lie was noted as a vehement advo cate of secession, and for his challenge of John F. Potter of Wisconsin. On the approach of the civil war, Mr. Pryor volunteered as an aide- de-camp to Gen. Bcauregard during the reduc tion of Fort Sumter. He held the rank of brig. -gen., and led a division in the battles be fore Richmond ; resigned Aug. 26, 1863. Mem ber of the Confcd. Congress. Captured in Nov. 1864, and for a short time imprisoned in Fort Lafayette. Has since been an editor in Tenn. Pugh, ELLIS, Quaker preacher, b. Dolgel- ly, Merioneth Co., Wales, June, 1656; d. Oct. 10, 1718. He began to preach ab. 1680, and in 1687 settled at Gwynedd, Pa. He revisited his native place in 1 706-8. Author of a trea tise called "A Salutation to the Britains," written in Welsh. Collection of Quaker Memo rials. Pugh, GEORGE ELLIS, lawyer and senator, b. Cincinnati, 0., Nov. 28, 1822. Miami U. 1840. In 1847 he was capt.in the 4th Regt. 0. Vols. in the Mexican war; representative in the legisl. in 1848 and 49; city solicitor of Cincinnati in 1850; atty. -gen. of the State in 1851 ; U.S. sen. in 1855-61 ; d. July 19, 1876. Puiaski, COUNT CASIMIR, a Polish pa triot, and a brig.-gen. in the Revol. army, b. Lithuania, Poland, March 4, 1748; d. Oct. 11, 1779. Son of the patriotic Count Pulaski, who formed the confederation of Bar in 1768. He was educated for the law, but had seen some military service under Duke Charles of Cour- land, when, at the age of 21, he joined his fa ther in the struggle for liberty against King Stanislaus in 1769. The old count was taken prisoner, and perished in a dungeon. His son, elected com.-in-chief in 1770, prolonged the contest, but with insufficient forces. In 1 7 7 1 , he, with 39 others, entered Warsaw, disguised as peasants, for the purpose of seizing the king. They bore him out of the city, but were com pelled to leave him not far from the walls, and escape. His little army was soon afterward defeated, himself outlawed, his estates confis cated, and he entered the service of the Turks, then at war with Russia. He afterwards went to Paris ; had an interview with Franklin, and, sympathizing deeply with a people struggling for their liberties, came to America in the sum mer of 1777. He joined the army under Wash ington ; fought with distinction at Brandy wine ; and was (Sept. 13, 1777) app. by Congress to com. the cavalry, with the rank of brij He was in the battle of Germantown ; am .-gen. . early in the spring of 1778 was placed in com. of a corps of 68 light horse and 200 foot. This was called " Pulaski s Legion," and was officered mostly by foreigners. Commanding this hete rogeneous corps, badly equipped and worse mounted, this brave Pole encountered difficul ties and sought danger. Ordered to Little Egg Harbor, he was surprised while on the march, a deserter having given information to the enemy, and a large portion of his inf. was bayonctted. In Feb. 1779 he was ordered to the South, and was in active service under Lin coln until the siege of Savannah, in Sept.-Oct. of that year, where ho was mortally wounded in the assault, Oct. 9. He was taken to the U.S. brig " Wasp," where he died. Nov. 29, 79, Con gress voted a monument to his memory, which was never erected ; but one was raised by the citizens of Savannah, of which Lafayette, dur ing his triumphal progress through the U.S., laid the corner-stone. See Sparks s American Biography, vol. iv. 2d series. Pulte, JOSEAH HIPPOLYT, M.D., b. Mes- chede, Westphalia, Oct. 6, 1811. U. of Mar burg. He came to the U.S. in 1834, and prac tised medicine at Allentown, Pa., 6 years. Be coming a honuBQpathist, he aided in establish ing a homo3Op. coll at Allentown. A resident of Cincinnati since 1 840. Prof, of clinical med. in the Western Homoeop. Coll., Cleveland, 1852; and of obstetrics, 1853-5. Contrib. to various homosop. journals. Editor of Teste s "Diseases of Children," 1857; and has pub. "Organon of the Hist, of the World," 1859 ; "Domestic Physician," 1850; "Reply to Dr. Metcalf," 1851 ; " Science of Medicine," 1852 ; " Woman s Medical Guide," 1853 ; " Civiliza tion and its Heroes, an Oration," 1855, &c. Allibone. Pummill, JAMES, poet, b. Cincinnati, 12 Dec. 1828. Pub. in 1846 a vol. of poems, "Fruits of Leisure," and in 1852 "Fugitive Poems." He was a contrib. to the Ladies Re- pos. and the Knickerbocker Mag., and is editor and prop, of the Aurora (Ind.) Commercial. See Poets and Poetryofthe West. Purcell, JOHN BAPTIST, D.D., R.C. arch bishop of Cincinnati; consec. Oct. 13, 1833 Has ed., with a memoir, Macleod s History of the Devotion to the Virgin Mary in N. A., 8vo, 1866 ; " The Roman Clergy and Free Thought, a controversy with Thos. Vickers," 1868. Purchas, SAMUEL, an Eng. divine, b. Thaxted, in Essex, in 1577 ; d. London, 1628. Educated at St. John s Coll. Cambridge. His principal work was entitled " Purchas his Pil grimages, or Relations of the World," which, with Hakluyt s Voyages, led the way to other collections of the same kind, and has been much valued and esteemed. The first vol. was pub. in 1613 ; but the fourth edition of it, in 1626, contains numerous important additions. The last 4 vols. appeared in 1625. The 3d and 4th vols. of " Purchas his Pilgrimes " relate to Amer., and preserve the original narratives of the earliest English navigators and explorers of the Western World. He also wrote " Micro- cosmos, or the History of Man ; " " The King s Tower and Triumphal Arch of London." Purchas was rector of St. Martin s in Ludgate, and chaplain to Abbot, archbishop of Canter bury. His works are scarce, and command a high price. Allibone. Purdon, JOHN, adm. to the Phila. bar, 1806; d. 1835. N. J. Coll. 1802. Pub. 8vo, Phila. 1811, an abridgment of the laws of Pa. from 1700, &c., 4th ed. 1831; since pub. as Brightley s Digest, and continued to the present time. Allibone. Purple, NORMAN H., b. Exeter, N.Y., 1808. Four years judge of the 111. Sup. Ct. Has pub. Statutes of 111. relating to Real Es tate, 8vo, 1847 ; Statutes of 111. in force Jan. 1, 1856, 2 vols. 8vo. Allibone. Purple, SAMUEL S., M.D., co-editor with FTJJR 46 S. Smith, M.D., of the Journal of Medicine, and contrib. to the Med. Times. Author of " Med. Observations," 1852 ; " Bibliotheca Medica," 8vo, 1860, in MS. Allibone. Pursh, FREDERIC, botanist, b. Tobolsk, Siberia, 1774; d. Montreal, Canada, June 11, 1820. Educated at Dresden. Came to Araer. in 1799, and remained until 1811, when he vis ited Eng. ; and in 1814 pub. at Lond. Flora America Septentrional is, 8vo. Returning to Ainer., he d. while collecting materials for a flora of Canada. Purviance, HUGH Y., commo. U.S.N., b. Md. Midshipm. Nov. 3, 1818 ; lieut. Mar. 3, 1827 ; com. Mar. 7, 1849 ; capt. Jan. 28, 1856 ; commo. (ret. list) July 16, 1862; com. sloop "Marion," coast of Africa, 1852-5; frigate " St. Lawrence," 1861 ; sunk Confed. privateer " Petrel " off Charleston, and participated in the fight of " The Merrimack," gunboats, and batteries off Sewell s Point, Hampton Roads. Putnam, ALBIGENCE WALDO, a lawyer of Nashville, Tenn., b. Belpre, 0., 11 March, 1799. U. of O. Grandson of Gen. Putnam. Author of Hist, of Middle Tenn., 8vo, 1859 ; Life of Gen. John Sevier, in Wheeler s Hist, of N.C. ; also a number of papers in periodicals, and contrib. to the Tenn. Hist. Soc., of which he is president. Allibone. Putnam, GEORGE PALMER, publisher, b. Brunswick, Me., Feb. 21,1814. A descendantof John, who came from Buckinghamshire, Eng., to Salem, in 1640. Great-nephew of Gen. Putnam, and grandson of Gen. Joseph Palmer. He had long been a bookseller in N.Y., and in 1841-47, while of the firm of Wiley and Putnam, resided in Lond. His own compila tions are, "Chronology," 12mo, 1833; "The Tourist in Europe," 12mo, 1838 ; "American Book Circular," 1843; "Amer. Facts," 8vo, 1845; "The World s Progress, a Dictionary of Dates," &c., 8vo, 1850, and several editions since. He also pub. Putnam s Monthly Mag. 1853-7 and 1868-70; " The Popular Library," 24 vols. 12mo; "Home Cyclopedia," 1850-3, 5 vols. 12mo. Between 1848 and 1870 he pub. more than 300 vols. by Amer. authors of the first rank ; and did great service to Amer. liter, in various ways; d. N.Y. city,Dec. 20, 1872. Putnam, ISRAEL, maj.-gen. Revol. army, b. Salem, Ms., 7 Jan. 1718; d. Brooklyn, Ct., 29 May, 1790. He received little educa tion, but was endowed by nature with a power ful frame, great courage, and an enterprising spirit. He m., and in 1739 settled in Pomfret, Ct., where by industry he acquired a good estate. In 1755 he raised and com. a company for the French war. Joining the army near Crown Point, his bravery, activity, and enterprise gained him, in 1757, the rank of maj. While stationed at Ft. Edward, he by personal exer tions saved a powder-magazine from fire after it had burned the outer planking. In Aug. 1758, while returning to Fort" Edward from a scouting exped., he fell into an ambuscade, was taken, and ab. being burned at the stake, when Molang, u French partisan, rescued him. He was taken to Montreal, where Col. Schuyler re lieved his wants, and procured his exchange. He was a lieut.-col. at the siege of Montreal in 17GO, and at the capture of Havana in 1762; and in 1764 was a col. in Bradstreet s exped. against the Western Indians. He waa afterward an inn-keeper in Brookline, Ct., and a member of the legisl. In 1773, with Gen. Lyman, he went to the Mpi. to explore a grant of military lands, but derived no benefit from them. Hearing of the battle of Lexington, he left his plough where he was using it, unyoked his team, and, clothed as he was, set off for Bos ton. He returned ; raised a regt., with which he marched to Cambridge ; was app. a provin cial maj.-gen., and also on the continental es tablishment, 19 June, 1775. At Bunker s Hill he was conspicuous, animating and encoura ging the troops. On the evacuation of Boston, he was intrusted with the com. at N.Y. He afterward superintended the fortifications of Phila., and, after Trenton and Princeton, was posted at the latter place, performing great ser vice with a small force. App. in the spring of 1777 to com. a force in the Highlands of N.Y. , he made the judicious selection of West Point as the site of a fortress. While posted at Read ing, Ct., in 1778, he was attacked by Gen. Try- on, and escaped by plunging down a steep precipice, where the British dragoons dared not follow him. This was his last active ser vice. He was a good executive officer, more brave than prudent, frequently wanting in dig nity, but generous and humane. See Life by David Humphreys. Putnam, MARY (LOWELL), authoress, dau. of Rev. Charles, b. Boston, Dec. 3, 1810. She was m. Apr. 5, 1832, to Samuel R. Put nam, a merchant of Boston. From her moth er she inherited the faculty of acquiring lan guages to an extraordinary degree. From 1851 to 1857 she resided with her family, chiefly in France and Germany, prosecuting her stud ies in languages, and collecting materials for a History of Hungary. She transl. from the Swedish " The Neighbors," by Miss Bremer ; has pub. anonymously, " Records of an Ob scure Man," 1861 ; " Tragedy of Errors," and " Tragedy of Success ; " dramatic poems illus trative of slavery and the condition of the South ; and has contrib. many articles to the N.A. Review and to the Christian Examiner. Putnam, RUFUS, brig.-gen., b. Sutton, Ms., Apr. 9, 1738; d. Marietta, O., May 4, 1824. He quitted the business of a millwright to serve as a common soldier through the cam paigns of 1757-60, and, on the surrender of Montreal, m. and settled in New Braintree, Ms., to pursue his original vocation, devoting his leisure to the study of mathematics, and attaining great proficiency in its application to navigation and surveying. In Jan. 1773 he sailed to E. Florida with a committee to ex plore lands there supposed to have been grant ed by parliament to the provincial officers and soldiers who had served in the French war, and was app. by the gov. dep.-survcyor of the province. Returning to Ms. he was made a lieut.-col. in David Brewer s regt. The abil ity displayed by him as an engineer in throw ing up defences in Roxbury secured for him the favorable consideration of Washington, who wrote to Congress that the millwright was altogether a more competent officer than any of the French gentlemen to whom it had given I>TJT 747 QTJI appointments in that line. In 1776, Putnam, as chief engr., superintended all the defences of N.Y. ; was in Aug. app. chief engr., with the rank of col., but during the autumn, from some dissatisfaction with the action of Congress in regard to his corps, left it to take com. of the 5th Ms. Regt. ; in the following spring he was attached to the Northern army, and disting. himself at the battle of Stillwater; in 1778, with his cousin Gen. Israel Putnam, he super intended the construction of the fortifications at West Point ; after the surprise of Stony Point, he was app. to the command of a regt. in Wayne s brigade, in which he served to the end of the campaign; Jan. 7, 1783, he was made brig.-gen. He was several years a mem ber of the legisl., and acted as aide to Gen. Lincoln in quelling Shays s Rebellion in 1787. Apr. 7, 1788, as supt. of the Ohio Co., he founded Marietta, the first permanent settle ment on the eastern part of the North-west Ter ritory ; in 1789 he was app. a judge of the Supreme Court of the N.W. Territory ; May 4, 1792, he was app. brig.-gen. of Wayne s army to act against the Indians, and from May, 1792, to Feb. 1793, was U.S. commiss. to treat for peace with them, concluding an important treaty with 8 tribes at Vincennes, Sept. 27, 1792. U.S. surveyor-gen, from Oct. 1793 to Sept. 1803. In 1803 he was member of the O. Constitutional Convention. Putnam, SAMUEL, LL.D., A.A.S., jurist, b. Danvers, Ms., Apr. 13, 1768; d. Somerville, Ms., July 3, 1853. H.U. 1787. He studied law, and commenced practice in Salem in 1790, attaining a high position at the Essex Co. bar. He was senator from Essex in 1808, 09, 13, 14; representative in 1812; and in 1814-42 was a judge of the Ms. Supreme Court. Pynchon, WILLIAM, leader in the Spring field settlement in 1636, b. Essex Co., Eng., ab. 1 590 ; d. Wyrardsburg, Buckinghamshire, Eng., Oct. 9, 1661. He was an assist, in 1628 and 29; came over with Gov. Winthrop in 1 630 ; and was treasurer of the Colony, and a magistrate, until his removal from Roxbury, of which town he was one of the principal founders. He was chosen magistrate of Springfield in 1638, and was an assist, in 1643-50. While in Rox bury and Springfield, he was largely concerned in the beaver-trade. In 1650 his "Meritorious Price of Christ s Redemption," in opposition to the Calvinistic view of the atonement, was pub. in Eng., causing his deposition from the magistracy. His book was burned on Boston Common by order of the court ; and the author ities of Ms. employed Norton to answer him. In consequence of these and other persecutions, he returned to Eng. in 1652, and in 1655 is sued a new edition of his book with additions. He also pub. " The Jewes Synagogue," 4to, 1652 ; " How the First Sabbath was ordained," &L ., 1654. His son Col. JOHN, 50 years a magistrate of Springfield, and one of the found ers of Northampton in 1654, d. Jan. 17, 1703, a. 76. Quackenbos, GEORGE PAYNE, LL.D. (Wcsl. U. 1863), educator, b. New York, 1826. Col. Coll. 1843. He commenced teaching in N.C. In 1847 he opened a private school in N.Y. City, and has been contrib. to or editor of various journals. In 1846-8 he conducted the Literary American. He has pub. many popular school-books, among them "Advanced* Course of Composition and Rhetoric," 1854; " Illustrated School History of the U.S.," 1857; " A Natural Philosophy for Schools and Aca demies/ 1859; "Primary History of the U.S.," 1860; "English Grammar," 1862, and has prepared an American edition of Spiers and Surenne s French and English Dic tionary, 1852, and a series of arithmetics on the basis of the works of Geo. R. Perkins. Quesnel, JOSEPH, a Canadian dramatist and composer, b. France, 1750; d. Montreal, July 3, 1809. He produced Colas et Colinette, a 3-act comedy, Quebec, 1788; Lucas et Ce> cille, a musical operetta ; and Les Rfyublicains Francais, a comedy. In 1805 he wrote a trea tise on the dramatic art, besides several musi cal compositions of merit, which were extreme ly popular. His sons Jules and F. A. made some figure in the political history of the Lower Province. Morgan. Quinby, GEORGE W., b. Westbrook, Me., 1810. Has pub. fifteen sermons and as many prayers ; " Exposition and Defence of Univer- salism ; " " Marriage and the Marriage Rela tion ; " Six Lectures ; " The Gallows, the Pris on, and the Poor-House," 1857, &c. Edited the Star in the West, and contrib. to the Trumpet, &c. Allibone. Quinby, GEN. ISAAC F., b. N. J. ab. 1820. West Point, 1843. He entered the art. ; was assist, prof, of philos. at West Point, Aug. 1845 to June, 1847; 1st lieut. March 3, 1847; served with his regt. in Mexico; was adj. and quarterm. from Oct. 1848 to Mar. 1852, when he resigned, and became prof, of math, and nat. philos. in Rochester U., which post he resumed in 1864. When the civil war broke out, he left his professorship to become col. 13th N.Y. Vols. ; fought gallantly at Bull Run, July 21 ; subse quently resigned, and resumed his professorship at Rochester, until made brig.-gen. Mar. 17, 1862, and placed in com. of the Dist. of the Mpi., including the important post of Columbus, Ky. He quitted this post Oct. 26 to take com. of the 3d division of the Army of the Mpi. at Corinth ; com. the Yazoo Pass exped. Mar. 1863; en gaged at Champion Hill 16 May, and assaults of Vicksburg 19-22 May, 1863; resigned 31 Dec. 1863. Cullum. Quincy, EDMUND, jurist, agent for Ms. at the court of Great Britain, b. Braintree, Ms., Oct. 24, 1681 ; d. London, Feb. 23, 1738. H.U. 1699. In 1718 he was app. a judge of the Su preme Court ; and for a long time held a seat in the house of representatives, as also in the council ; and was col. of a regt. In 1 737 he was selected as an agent to the British court for the purpose of procuring a decision of the controversy respecting the boundary-line be tween Ms. and N.H., but died while thus em ployed. The Gen. Court testified the high re spect in which they held him by erecting a mon ument to his memory in Bunhill Fields. ED MUND his son (b. 1703, d. July 4, 1788 ; H.U. 1722; merchant of Boston ) pub. a treatise on "Hemp Husbandry," 1765. Father-in-law of John Hancock. Quincy, EDMUND, polit. and miscell. air QTJI 748 QUI efcor, b. Boston, Feb. 1, 1808. H.U. 1827. Has pub. " Wensley, a Story without a Mor al," 1854; a Memoir of his father Josiah (pres. of H.U.), 8vo, 1867; and has been a frequent contrib. to literary periodicals and political newspapers. He was long a promi nent abolitionist ; sec of the American and Ms. Antislavery Societies. Quincy, COL. JOHN; d. July 13, 1767, a. 78. H.U. 1708. Son of Daniel, and grand son of Lieut.-Col. Edmund. He was maj., and afterwards col., of militia; 40 years a repre sentative and councillor ; and long speaker of the house. When that part of Braintree in which he lived was incorporated, the Gen. Court gave it the name of Quincy. His pa ternal estate became the property of Ms great- grandson, John Quincy Adams. Quincy, JOSIAH, Jun., a disting. patriot, b. Boston, Feb. 23, 1744; d. Apr. 26, 1775. H.U. 1763. Grandson of Judge Quincy. His father Josiah, a Boston merchant, and a zealous friend of his country, d. at Braintree in 1784, a. 75. The son studied law two years with Oxenbridge Thatcher, and, after his adm. to the bar, soon rose to distinction in his profes sion. In Oct. 1769 he m. the eldest dau. of Wm. Phillips, Esq. ; and in the following year, having previously been conspicuous as an ar dent writer and speaker on the side of the peo ple, he was called upon to defend, in conjunc tion with John Adams, the perpetrators of the Boston Massacre. So strong was the public feeling against the soldiers, that, notwith standing the approved patriotism of their de fenders, they incurred much odium in the per formance of this trying duty. Compelled by ill-health to abandon all business, he embarked Feb.^8, 1773, for Charleston, S.C., and in the ensuing May returned home by land, so much benefited as to be able to resume his labors. In May, 1774, appeared his " Observations on the Act of Parliament commonly called the Boston Port Bill/ &c. In Sept. 1774 he went to Eng., and labored unremittingly while in Lon don to promote the interests of his country, be coming intimate with the principal Whigs, and maintaining a constant corresp. with the patriot leaders at home, which, together with his interest ing journal and the tract above mentioned, are contained in the Memoir written by his son Jo siah in 1 825. He left London, March 1 6, 1 775, contrary to the counsel of his physician, grew worse and worse during the voyage, and breathed his last when in sight of land, at the early age of 31. Author of Reports Sup. Court Ms. Bay, 1761-72, edited by S. M. Quincy, 8vo, 1865. See Life of, by his Son, 8vo, 1825. Quincy, JOSIAH, LL.D., statesman and scholar, son of the preceding, b. Boston, 4 Feb. 1772; d. Quincy, Ms., 1 July, 1864. H.U. 1790. He studied law under Judge Tudor; began practice in Boston in 1793 ; was a State senator in 1804; M.C. in 1805-13; again a State senator in 1815-20 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1820 ; speaker of the house of Ms. 1820-1 ; judge of the Boston Municipal Court 1822; mayor of Boston 1823-9; and pros, of H.U. in 1 829-Aug. 1 845. As a Federal ist, he opposed in Congress the measures of the dominant party with great vigor, speaking against the admission of La. in 1811, and op posing the war of 1812. His readiness in de bate, earnestness and fervor of speech, quickness of wit, and powerful satire, made him a con stant thorn in the side of the administrations of Jefferson and Madison. As a judge he laid down the rule, that the publication of the truth, with good intentions, and for a justifiable mo tive, was not libellous. Under his auspices, and during his mayoralty, great improvements were made in Boston, and the Quincy Market was built. His efficient management of H.U, left it highly prosperous. He was one of the first, if not the first, among Northern men to de nounce the slaveholding interest as a rising and dangerous tyranny. In 1856, though in his 85th year, he spoke and wrote in advocacy of the election of Fremont to the presidency. He took great interest in the progress of the war for the Union, which he viewed as the most hopeful sign of the country s future he had ever seen, and predicted from the date of its close a new and grander era of national great ness. Author of a " Memoir of Josiah Quincy, Jun.," 1825 ; " History of Harvard University," 2 vols. 1 840 ; " Speeches in Congress and Ora tions;" " Life of J. Q. Adams," 1858; "His tory of the Boston Athenamm," 1851 ; "Es says on the Soiling of Cattle/ 1859; "Me moir of James Grahame," 1846; "Journals and Memoir of Maj. Samuel Shaw," 1847 ; "Municipal History of Boston," 1852; and Centennial Address on the 200th Anniv. of Boston, 1830. See Life by his Son Edmund Quincy, 1867. Quincy, JOSIAH, Jun., an eminent citizen of Boston, b. Jan. 17, 1802. H.U. 1821. Son of the preceding. He became a counsellor-at-law ; member of the city council 1833; its pres. 1834-7; pres. of the senate 1842 ; and mayor of Boston 1845. It was during his mayoralty, and principally by his means, that the Cochitu- ate water was brought into Boston, the most important public work ever executed in Boston, where he has planned and forwarded many other important improvements. He was many years treasurer of the Western Railroad and of the Boston Athenasum. Quincy, JOSIAH PHILLIPS, b. Boston, 1 830. H. U. 1850. Son of the preceding. Author of " Lyteria," a dramatic poem, 1856 ; " Char- icles," a dramatic poem, 1856. Contributed to Sartain s and Putnam s Magazines and other periodicals. Quincy, SAMUEL MILLER, b. Boston, 1833. H.U. 1852. Bro. of preceding. Member of the Boston bar ; co-editor, with John Lowell, of the Monthly Law Reporter until May, 1860. Capt. 2d Ms. Vols. May 24, 1861 ; major, Sept. 17, 1862 ; col. Nov. 9, 1862 ; resigned June 2, 1 863 ; lieut.-col. 73d U.S. (colored) Oct. 20, 1863 ; col. May. 24, 1864; brev. brig.-gen. Has pub. " Reports of the Superior Court of the Province of Ms. Bay, 1761-72," by Josiah Quincy, jun., with an Appendix upon " The Writs of As sistance," by Horace Gray, jun., 8vo, 1865. Quint, ALONZO HALL, D.D., Conir. clergy man and hist, writer, b. Barnstead, N.H., Mar. 22,1828. D.C. 1846; And. Sem. 1852. Pastoi Mather Church, W. Roxbury, 1853-63; chap- QTJI 749 lain 2d Ms. Regt. 1861-4; pastor North Cong. Ch., N. Bedford, Ms., since July 21, 1864. He has pub. " Army Notes, &c., 1861-3," Boston, 12mo, 1864; "History of the 2d Ms. Regt.," 1867. A proprietor and editor of the Cong. Quarter!)/, and a contrib. to the N. E. Hist, and Geneal. Reg. and the Dover Enquirer ; member of the Ms. State Board of Education, 1855-61. Quintard, CHARLES TODD, D. D. (Col. Coll. 1853), LL.D., grad. M.D. (U. of N.Y.) 1846, b. Stamford, Ct., 22 Dec. 1824. Became a physician of the N.Y. Dispensatory, 1847; prof, of physiol. and anat. Memphis Med. Coll. 1851; ord. in Pr.-Ep. Ch. 1855; and became in 185S rector of the Ch. of the Advent, Nash ville; conscc. bishop of Tenn. Oct. 11, 1865. Author of "A Plain Tract on Confirmation," "A Preparation for Confirmation;" and in early life contrib. largely to med. periodicals. He was an earnest secessionist, and a vol. chaplain in the Confed. army. History of Stamford. Qiiiroga (ke-ro -ga), JOSE, a Spanish Jesuit, b. Galicia, 1707 ; d. 1784. Ab. 1745 he was sent by the King of Spain to explore Patagonia. His Journal of his Voyage was inserted by Charlevoix in his " History of Paraguay." Quitman, JOHN ANTHONY, LL.D. (La Grange Coll.), soldier and politician, b. Rhine- beck, N.Y., Sept. 1, 1799; d. Natchez, Mpi., July 17, 1858. Son of FREDERICK HENRY, D.D. (1760-1832), Lutheran pastor of Rhine- beck, N.Y. ; author of " Treatise on Magic," 1810; "Evangelical Catechism," 1814; "Three Sermons on the Reformation," 1817; edited Hymn-Book of the N.Y. Synod, 1817. The son received a good education ; was a prof, of law in Mt. Airy Coll., Pa., in 1819; began to practise law in 1820 at Chillicothe, 0., but in 1823 settled in Natchez; became a planter, and was disting. at the bar and in the politics of the State ; chancellor of the Superior Court 1828-31 and 1832-4; member of the State legisl. in 1828-32, and, as pros, of the State sen ate in 1835, was gov. pro tern. ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1831 ; disting. in the Texan struggle in 1836; visited Europe in 1839, and on his return was app. judge of the High Court of Eirors and Appeals. App. brig.-gen. of vols. by Pres Polk, July 1, 1846; maj.-gen. Apr. 14, 1847. He received a sword from Congress for gallantry at Monterey. He vras subsequently disting. at Chapultepec and the Belen Gate, and was app. by Gen. Scott gov. of the city of Mexico. Gov. of Mpi. 1850- 1 ; M.C. 1855-8, and at the head of the mili tary committee. He was a devoted adherent of Calhoun and his political doctrines, and a leader of the party favorable to the annexation of Cuba. He was a man of high character and spotless integrity. See Life and Corresp. by J. F. II. Ciaiborne, 2 vols. 1860. Raburn, WILLIAM, gov. of Ga. 1817-19, b. Halifax Co., N.C., Apr. 8, 1771 ; d. Han cock Co., Ga., Oct. 23, 1819. He removed to Ga. at the age of 15, where, with slight educa tional advantages, he rose to the highest honors of the State. Judge of the Inferior Court, and a member of the Assembly and Senate. Radford, WILLIAM, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Va. Midshipm. Mar. 1, 1825; lieut. Feb. 9 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16 ? 1862; commo. April 24, 1863; rear-adm" July 25, 1866. Com. the party that cut out " The Malek Adel," a Mexican vessel-of-war, at Mazat- lan in 1 847 ; com. " The Cumberland " in 1 86 1 , and was on court-martial duty at Old Point when she was sunk by " The Merrimack ; " com. " The New Ironsides," and iron-clad divis ion of Porter s squadron at the two attacks on Fort Fisher in Dec. 1864 and Jan. 1865. He com. the European squadron in 1869-70. Hamersly. Rae, JOHN, M.D., LL.D., arctic explorer, b. in the Orkneys. Took a surgeon s diploma at Edinburgh, and entered the service of tho Hudson s Bay Co., as a surgeon, in 1833. He made many extensive journeys and explora tions; accomp. Sir J. Richardson, in 1848, in a search for Sir John Franklin; and in 1850 was placed by the H. B. Co. in charge of a similar exped. During an exped. to Repulse Bay in 1853-4, he discovered a new river, which falls into Chesterfield Inlet; and in the follow ing spring disting. himself as the first discov erer of the fate of Sir John Franklin s party. He had travelled 1,100 miles, including a pre liminary journey, when he made this important discovery, for which he received the govern ment reward of 10,000 sterling. In 1852 he received the founder s gold medal of the Royal Geog. Society of London, and is an honoi-ary member of various learned and scientific bodies. He was in 1861 on an expedition to visit Red River and the Rocky Mountains. He has pub. a work exposing the fallacies of free trade, 8vo, 1834 ; " Exped. to the Arctic Sea in 1846- 7," 8vo, London, 1850. Morgan. Raff, GEORGE WERTZ, late probate judge of Stark Co., 0., b. there 1825. Author of " Guide to Executors and Administrators in Ohio," 1859 ; "Manual of Pensions, Bounties, and Pay," 1862; " Law of Roads and High ways," 1863; "War Claimant s Guide," 8vo, 1866. Rafinesque, CONST ANT INE SMALTZ, bot anist, b. Galatz, a suburb of Constantinople, 1784; d. Phila. Sept. 18, 1842. He lost his father when he was ab. 7 years of age ; and, to gether with a bro., was sent to the U.S. in 1 802, He visited Phila., where his taste for natural history strongly developed itself; travelled through the adjacent country, making numerous collections of botanic specimens; and in 1805 went to Sicily, where he pub. " The Analysis of Nature," in the French language. After losing by shipwreck all his effects, including his books, manuscripts, and drawings, he in 1815 arrived in New York; but in 1818 emi grated to the West, and was for a time prof, of botany in Transylv. U. at Lexington, Ky. ; travelling also, and lecturing elsewhere, until he finally settled in Phila. In 1 836, after a life of great vicissitude, which was marked by but a small amount of enduring achievements com pared with his aims and hopes, Rafinesque pub. "Life, Travels, and Researches," which was mostly a narrative of his own journeys and observations. He pub. 8 numbers of the Atlan tic Journal and Friend of Knowledge, begun in the spring of 1832; "American Florist," 750 1832 ; " The American Nations," 12mo, 1836; " Ancient Hist, of Ky.," &c., 8vo, 1824 ; " Medi cal Flora of the U.S.," 1828-30, 2 vols. ; " The World," a poem, 8yo, 1836 ; " Safe Banking," 1837 ; "The American Monuments of N. and S. America," 8vo, 1838 ; " Genius and Spirit of the Hebrew Bible," 1838; "Pleasures and Duties of Wealth," 1840 ; " The Good Book," 8vo, 1840. His " Complete Conchology," ed ited by Binney and Tryon, was pub. Phila., 8vo, 1864. Allibone. Rafn, CARL CHRISTIAN, P.D., a Danish archaeologist, b. Brahesborg, Island of Funen, Jan. 16, 1795; d. 20 Oct. 1864. Educated at the U. of Copenhagen, of which in 1821 he was made an assist, librarian, and while there undertook a general revision of all the Icelandic and Norwegian MSS. yet unpub. belonging to the collection. Through his efforts the So ciety of Northern Antiquities was founded, which has pub. more than 70 vols. on the hist, and antiquities of the North. His " Antiquitates Americance sen Scriptores Septentrionales Rerwm Ante- Cohimbianor urn in America" (Copenhagen, 1837) attempts to prove that the Scandinavians discovered America in the 10th century, and subsequently effected settlements in what is now Ms. and R.I. An important sequel to this work is " The Historical Monuments of Greenland," 3 vols. 1838-45. Of his "Antiqui ties Russes," 2 vols. app. in 1850-2. As sec. of the Society for Northern Antiquities, he pre pared various works for the press, and also translated and edited other works. Appleton. Raguet, CONDY, LL.D. (St. Mary s Col lege, Bait.), merchant and political economist, b. Phila. Jan. 28, 1784; d. there March 22, 1842. U. of Phila. He studied law, but, en tering a counting-house, was at the age of 20 sent to St. Domingo as supercargo of a vessel. On his return from a second voyage thither in 1805, he pub. " A Short Account of St. Domin go, and a Circumstantial Account of the Mas sacre there." Embarking in 1 806 in business on his own account, he was prosperous, became one of the founders and managers of the Phila. Saving Fund, pres. of the Pa. Life-Annuity Co., and also of the Chamber of Commerce. He took an active part during the war of 1812 in concerting measures for the defence of the city ; and was in 1815 a member of the Assem bly, and subsequently of the State senate. In 1822 he was app. consul at Rio Janeiro ; soon afterwards was intrusted with the negotiation of a commercial treaty with Brazil, to which he was the first charge d affaires, and remained there 5 years. After his return to the U.S., he became the editor of several journals devoted to the advocacy of the doctrines of free trade, and was a contrib. to the Portfolio; member Amer. Pliilos. Soc. He pub. "Principles of Free Trade," 8vo, 1836 ; and "A Treatise on Currency and Banking," in 1839, repub. in Lond., also translated into French, and pub. in Paris in 1840. Hunt s Merch. Mag., vii. 542. Rains, GABRIEL JAMES, gen. C.S.A., b. N.C. West Point, 1827. Entering the 7th Inf., he became capt. Dec. 25, 1837 ; brev. maj. for gallantry in action with the SeminoJcs near Fort King,Fla., April 28, 1840, where he com. and was severely wonnded; maj. 4th Inf. Mar 9, 1851 ; in Nov. 1855 was app. by the acting gov. brig.-gen. Washington Terr. Vols. ; lieut.- col. 5th Inf. 5 June 1860; resigned July 31, 1861. At the battle of Wilson s Creek, Aug. 2, he was in com. as brig.-gen. of the advance guard of the army which fought the battle of Aug. 10, in which Gen. Rains com. a iivision. Disting. at Shiloh and at Perryville. Rains, JAMES EDWARD, brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Nashville, Tenn., 10 Apr. 1833 ; killed at the battle of Stone River 31 Dec. 1862. Y.C. 1854. He was a prominent lawyer and Whig politician, and at one time editor of its orgfin in Tenn., the Daily Repub. Banner. Disting. at Shiloh and at Perryville. Though an active Unionist before the war, he then resigned the attorney-generalship of his dist, took com. of a regt., and was for a time in com. at Cum berland Gap. Rainsbqrow, GEN. WILLIAM, a parlia mentary officer ; killed at Doncaster, Eng., 1648. He resided in Charlestown, Ms., in 1639; had an estate at Watertown in 1G40; was a member of the A. and H. Art. Co. of Bos ton, and was a relative of the Winthrops. Re turning to Eng. in 1644, he was app. capt. of a troop of horse intended for Ireland; and in 1646 gov. of Worcester. He was highly fa vored by Cromwell ; was col. of a regt. in which Israel Stoughton was lieut.-col., Nehemiah Bourne major, and John Leverett capt. He was surprised and slain at his quarters. Rale (sometimes erroneously written RALE, RALLE, and RASLES), SEBASTIEN, a French missionary to the Indians, b. Franche Comte, 1658; killed at Norridgewock, Me., Aug. 12, 1724. Joining the Jesuits, he for a time taught Greek at the Coll. of Nismes. He came to Quebec in Oct. 1689; was first sta tioned at the Abenaki Mission of St. Francis, near the falls of the Chaudiere, then in the Illinois country ; and finally at Norridgewock, on the Kennebec, as early as 1695. Rale acconip. the Indians on all their hunting and fishing ex cursions, and obtained great influence over the Abenakis. The English accused him of insti gating the forrays of the savages upon the settle ments along the coast, and seta price upon his head. His church was burned in 1705, and a second exped. (in 1722) pillaged his cabin and the church, which had been rebuilt, carrying off, among other papers, his Dictionary of the Abena ki Language, whichis nowpreserved in the libra ry of Harv. Coll., and has been printed in the Memoirs of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, with an introd. and notes by John Pickering, 4to, 1833. In 1724 a party from Fort Rich mond surprised Norridgewock, killed a number of the Indians, and shot Rale at the foot of the mission cross ; 7 chiefs who endeavored to pro tect him sharing his fate. His body was after ward disgracefully mutilated. A monument was erected to his memory by Bishop Fenwick, 29 Aug. 1833. See Memoir by C. Francis, D.D., in Sparks s Amer. Biog., 2d series, vol. 7. Raleigh, SIR WALTER, soldier, statesman, and writer, b. Budleigh, Devon, Eng., 1552 ; d. 18 Oct. 1618. Educated at Oxford. In 1569- 75 he fought for the Huguenots in France ; and in 1576-9, under Sir John Norris, in the Low 751 Countries. In 1579 he set out with Sir Hum phrey Gilbert, his half-bro., on an exped. to Newfoundland; but it was frustrated by a Span ish fleet. He next served in Ireland. From another exped. to Newfoundland with Gilbert, in 1583, he was forced to return by the break ing-out of a contagious disease on board his ship. Raleigh determined to plant a colony in America, obtained an extensive patent, sent out two ships under Barlow that brought back good cargoes, and sent in 1585 a second exped. under Greenville; but the colony was badly governed, and returned in 1586. Tobacco and potatoes were introduced into Europe by these voyages. Wisely determining to found an agri cultural colony, in April, 1587, he sent a large body of emigrants, with their wives and families, to make a settlement in Chesapeake Bay. Grant ing them a charter, and app. a municipal govt. for the city of Raleigh, he intrusted the ad ministration to John White, with 11 assistants. They founded their city on the site of the old settlement at Roanoke Island, and sent back for re-enforcements. They never came ; and 2 of Raleigh s ships were taken by the French. His means were exhausted, and the colonists all perished. Having expended 40,000 in his efforts at colonization, Raleigh in 1589 formed under his patents a company of "Merchants and Adventurers" to continue them. After receiving many marks of royal favor, he in 1589 accomp. the expelled king of Portugal in his attempt to re-instate himself, but rendered him self obnoxious by taking bribes for the exertion of his influence. In Feb. 1595 he made an exped. to Guiana, and reached the great River Orinoco. In 1596 he had a naval command under Essex in the attack on Cadiz, but became his enemy, and promoted his downfall and exe cution. He was deprived of his posts by James I., and, upon suspicion of being implicated in a conspiracy to place Arabella Stuart upon the throne, was declared guilty of high treason, and was 12 years confined in the Tower, during which period he composed his " History of the World." To retrieve his fortunes, he under took a settlement in Guiana, but, having at tacked the Spanish settlement of St. Thomas, offended King James, who was then seeking the hand of the infanta for his son Charles, and who, upon his return, caused his arrest and trial, which resulted in sentence of death, and his speedy execution. Rail, or Rahl, JOHAN GOTTLIEB, a Hes sian col. killed at the battle of Trenton, Dec. 26, 1776. He had seen service in the seven-years war, and with his regt. (de Rati) formed part of the contingent hired of the elector of Hesse Cassel by George III., and landed at Staten Is land in June, 1776. He took part in the battle of White Plains, in the capture of Fort Wash ington, where he was particularly disting., and, after the Americans evacuated N. J., was placed in com. of an advanced post at Trenton. Here he was surprised and slain on the morn ing after Christmas. Ralph, JAMES, polit. writer, b. Phila. ; d. Chiswick, Eng., 24 Jan. 1762. He was a schoolmaster, and went to Eng. with Franklin in 1 724 as a literary adventurer, leaving behind him his wife and child. In 1728 he pub. a poem entitled " Night," which Pope alludes to m " The Dunciad." He wrote plays and politi cal pamphlets, attaching himself to the party of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and received a pen sion from George III. Author of " Use and Abuse of Parliaments," 2 vols. 8vo ; " Hist, of Eng. during the Reigns of Charles II., James II., William III.," &c., 2 vols. fol., &c. See Franklin s Autobtoc/raphy. Ralston, SAMUEL, D.D. C^ash. Coll. 1822), b. Donegal Co., Ireland, 1756; d. Car roll, Pa., Sept 25, 1 851. U. of Glasgow. He came to America in 1794, and in 1796 took charge of the congregations of Mingo Creek and Williamsport, continuing there till he d. Author of " Baptism, a Review of Campbell and Walker s Debate ; " " A Brief Examina tion of the Prophecies of Daniel and John." 1842; "The Seven Last Plagues," 1842; "De fence of Evangelical Psalmody," 1844. Sprague. Ramage, ADAM, inventor of the Ramage printing-press, a native of Scotland, who came here about the year 1800; d. Phila. July 9, 1850, a. 80. His improvement, the first that was made in the printing-press of a century ago, consisted in a modification of the shape of the screw, and to this day is, for some pur poses, the best that has been invented. Ramirez, RT. REV. FRANCISCO, D.D., bishop of Caradro, and vicar apostolic of Ta- maulipas, Mexico, b. Mexico, 1 823 ; d. Brazos Santiagos, Texas, July 18, 1869. Educated a priest, he took an active part against Juarez, and while in Europe was, through the influence of the archbishop of Morclia, made a bishop. Attaching himself to the Emperor Maximilian, he was his almoner, and subsequently cabinet councillor. He was a true friend of the Mexi can race. On the dowwnfall of the emperor, he escaped to Texas, where he lived in obscurity and want. Ramsey, ALEXANDER, M.D., anatomist, b. Eng. ab. 1754; d. Parsonsfield, Me., Nov. 24, 1824, of the bite of a rattlesnake two years before. He had resided long in the U.S. as a lecturer on anatomy and physiology. He pub. " Anatomy of the Heart, Cranium, and Brain," 2ded., Edinb., 1813; " Plates on the Brain," 4to, Lond. 1812. Ramsey, ALEXANDER, statesman, b. near Harrisburg, Pa., Sept. 8, 1815; clerk in the office of the register of Dauphin Co. in 1838 ; clerk of the Pa. h. of representatives in 1841 ; M.C. 1843-7 ; chairman of the State cenfral committee in 1848 ; gov. of Minn. Terr. 1849- 53, and negotiated treaties by which the govt secured large tracts of lands from the Sioux Indians ; made treaties with the Chippewas ; mayor of the city of St. Paul in 1855 ; gov. of Minn. 1860-4; and U.S. senator in 1863-9. Ramsay, DAVID, M.D. (Phila. Coll. 1772), physician and historian, b. Lancaster Co., Pa., 2 Apr. 1749 ; d. Charleston, S.C., 8 May, 1815. N. J. Coll. 1765. His father was an Irish emi grant and a farmer. He was for two years tutor in a wealthy family in Md. Removing to Charleston in 1773, he soon acquired celebrity as a physician ; labored zealously with his pen in the cause of his country ; was a leading member of the S.C. legisl. in 1776-83 ; served 752 as a surgeon in the army, and was at the siege of Savannah ; was a member of the council ; and on the capture of the city in May, 1780, was confined 11 months at St. Augustine. He (listing, himself in the legisl. by opposing the confiscation acts ; member of the Old Congress in 1 782-6 ; 21 years member of the State legisl., the last 7 of which he was pres. of the senate. During the progress of the Revol., Dr. Ramsay collected materials for its history ; and his great impartiality, his fine memory, and his ac quaintance with many of the actors in it, emi nently qualified him for the task. His death was occasioned by wounds received two days pre vious from the pistol of a maniac. In Jan. 1787 he m. Martha, dau. of Henry Laurens, disting. for learning and piety, b. 3 Nov. 1759, d. 10 June, 1811. Among his writings is a " History of the Revol. in S.C.," 2 vols. 1 785 ; " History of the Amer. Revol.," 2 vols. 1790 ; " Life of Washington," 1801 ; " History of S.C.," 180S; "Memoirs of Martha L. Ram say, "1811; Medical. Register for 1802; " Means of preserving Health in Charleston ; " " His tory of the Indep. Church in Charleston, S.C., from its Origin to 1814; " and a " Hist, of the U.S. to 1808," pub. from his MS., with con tinuation by Rev. S. S. Smith, 3 vols. 1816. His " Universal Hist. Americanized " was pub. in 8 vols. 1819. He also pub. "Oration, 4 July, 1778 ; " an " Oration on the Acquisition of Louisiana," 1804; and "Eulogium on Dr. Rush," 1813. Ramsay, GEORGE D., brevt. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Va. West Point, 1820. Entering the art., he became capt. of ordnance 25 Feb. 1835; maj. 22 Apr. 1861; lieut.-col. 3 Aug. 1861 ; col. 1 June, 1863; brig.-gen. and chief of ordn. 15 Sept. 1863 ; retired 12 Sept. 1864 ; brev. maj. 23 Sept. 1846 for gallantry at Mon terey ; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for long and faithful services. Cullum. Ramsay, COL. NATHANIEL, Revol. pa triot of Md., bro. of David the historian ; d. 25 Oct. 1817. N.J. Coll. 1767. At Mon- mouth he with his regt. checked the British column until Washington could rally his troops, and fell pierced with wounds. Made prisoner at Charleston; exchanged 14 December, 1780. Deleg. of Md. to the Old Congress 1785-7. Ramseur, STEPHEN D., maj.-gen. C.S. A., b. N.C. 1837. West Point, 1860. Died 21 Oct. 1864 of a wound received at Cedar Creek, Va., while com. a division under Early. Rand, ASA, Cong, clergyman and editor, b. Rindge, N.H., Aug. 6, 1783; d. Ashburn- ham, Ms., 24 Aug. 1871. D.C. 1806. Son of Col. Daniel, an early settler of Rindge, who d. 1811, a. 69. Ord. at Gorham, Me., Jan. 18, 1809; edited the Christian Mirror at Portland, Me., in 1822-5 ; then took charge of the fern ale sem. at Brookfield. In July, 1826, he became editor of the Boston Recorder, also editing the Youth s Companion, and the Volunteer, a reli gious monthly. Removing to Lowell in 1833, he was connected with a bookstore and printing- office, and pub. the Lowell Observer, weekly. On the restoration of his health in 1835, he re turned to his chosen vocation of preaching ; tectured on antislavery in Me. and Ms. ; in Sept. 1837-42 he ministered in Pompey, N.Y. ; afterward pastor of the Presb. church in Peter borough, N.Y. While at Gorham, he assisted in conducting a religious quarterly pub. at Portland 1814-18. Mr. Rand s publications are, besides occas. sermons, a vol. of " Familiar Sermons," a " Review of Finney s Sermon," "New Divinity Tried," a vindication of the same, and a letter to Rev. Dr. Beecher. Rand, BENJAMIN HOWARD, M.D., b. Phila. 1827. Jeff. Med. Coll. 1848. Son of B. H. Rand, writing-master in Phila. (1794- 1862). Prof, of chemistry, Phila. Med. Coll., 1853, and lecturer on chemistry in the Frank lin Institute ; prof, of chemistry in Jeff. Med. Coll. 1864. Author of "Med. Chem. for Stu dents," 1855; "Elements of. Med. Chem.," 1866. Edited Metcalfe s "Caloric," 2 vols. 1859, and contrib. to med. periodicals. His sister MARION H., a contrib. of poetry to peri odicals, b. 1824, d. Grahamville, S.C., 1849. See Specimen of her verse in Read s and also in May s Female Poets of Amer. Rand, EDWARD SPRAGUE, Jun., b. Bos ton, Oct. 20, 1834. H.U. 1855; Camb. Law School, 1857. Law-partner of his father, E. S. Rand, a disting. lawyer of Boston. Author of " Life-Memories and other Poems," 1859; "Flowers for the Parlor and Garden," 1863; " Garden-Flowers, How to Cultivate Them," 1866 ; a vol. on " Greenhouse Plants," and on " Orchids." He assisted in Flint s edition of Harris s " Insects of Ms. / edited the floral dept. of the Homestead, and is a contrib. to many scientific journals. Allibone. Rand, ISAAC, M.D., an eminent physician, b. Charlcstown, Ms., Apr. 27, 1743; d. Boston, Dec. 11, 1822. H.U. 1761. He studied medi cine with his father Dr. Isaac, of Charlestown (1718-90), and settled in Boston in 1764. Dis ting. for his attainments in the exact sciences, he, with Samuel Williams, was selected to ac- comp. Prof. Winthrop to Newfoundland in 1761 to observe the transit of Venus. He rose rapidly in reputation, and in a few years shared largely in the best business of the town. Pres. of the Ms. Med. Soc., 1798-1804. He pub. essays on the Yellow Fever of 1798, and on Hydrocephalus Internus, written in 1785, as well as a discourse on the Use of the Warm Bath, and Digitalis in Pulmonary Consump tion, delivered in 1804 before the Med. So ciety. Thacher. Randall, ALEXANDER W., politician, b. Montgomery Co., N.Y., Oct. 1819. Received a good education ; studied law ; went to Wiscon sin in 1840; practised at Waukesha, of which place he was postmaster ; in the legisl. in 1854 ; judge of the 2d dist. 1856 ; gov. of Wis. 1857- 61 ; minister to Rome 1861-2 ; postmaster-gen. 1866-9 ; d. Elmira, N.Y., July 25, 1872. Randall, ARCHIBALD, lawyer and jurist; d. Phila. May 30, 1846, a. 46. Adm. to the bar in 1818, he practised with success for more than 25 years. In 1834 he was app. a judge of the C.C.P. ; in 1842 he was raised to the bench of the U. S. Dist. Court for the Eastern Dist. of Pa. ; and in 1844 he presided over both the Dist. and Circuit Courts of Eastern Pa. His decisions in bankruptcy are in Pa. Law Journal, 1842-6, 5 vols. 8vo. Randall, HENRY STEPHENS, LL.D., b. 753 Madison Co., N. Y., 1811. Un. Coll. 1830. Adui. to the bar, but never practised. Sec. of state and supt. of public instruction, N.Y. 1851. Author of " Sheep Husbandry/ 8vo, 1849; " The Practical Shepherd," 8vo ; "Life of Jef ferson," 3 vo!s. 8vo, 1857; "Fine-wool Sheep Husbandry," 8vo, 1863; "First Principles of Popular Education," &c., 8vo, 1868. Assoc. editor of Moore s Rural New-Yorker, and con- trib. to many periodicals. Author of a number of educational reports ; d. Aug. 14, 1876. Randall, JOHN WITT, M.D. (1839), b. Boston. 1-I.U. 1834. Member of the scientific corps in Wilkes s exploring exped. Has pub. papers on nat. hist, in the "Trans." Acad. Nat. Sci. and Boston Nat. Hist. Soc. ; " Consola tions of Solitude," a vol. of poems, 1856. Randolph, BEVERLY, member of Assem bly during the Revol., and gov. of Va. 1788- 91; Wm. and M. Coll. 1771; d. Feb. 1797, a. 43. Randolph, EDMUND, statesman, b. Va. 10 Aug. 1753 ; d. Frederick Co., Va., 12 Sept. 1813. Son of John, atty.-gen. of Va., and a loyalist (b. 1728, d. Loud. 31 Jan. 1784), con sidered the ablest lawyer in Va. Bro. of Pey ton. Edmund became eminent as a lawyer; was a warm friend of the Revol. ; Aug. 15, 1775, became aide to Washington ; was the del egate of Williamsburg to the conv. of May, 1776 ; became atty.-gen. of the State in July; delegate ro Congress in 1779-82; gov. of Va. 1786-8; member of the conv. that formed the Federal Const., and introduced what was called the " Va. Plan;" voted against the instrument, but in the Va. conv. urged its acceptance; U.S. atty.-gen. 1789-90; U.S. sec. of state 1794-Aug. 1705, having lost the confidence of the admin istration in consequence of an intrigue with the French minister. He was disinherited by his father for refusing to adhere to the royal cause. His person, mode of speaking, and the cast of his eloquence, are described by Wirt in his " British Spy." He m. the dau. of R. C. Nich olas. Author of "A Vindication " of his res ignation, 8vo, 1795. Randolph, EDWARD, an agent sent from Great Britain to ascertain the condition of the N. Eng. Colonies, and who gave them great trouble by his hostility to their interests ; came to Boston in 1676, and was the principal means of depriving Ms. of her charter. He was a member of the council during the govt. of An- dros, and in 1689 was imprisoned with him as a traitor. Subsequently released, he went to the West Indies, where he died. liandolph, GEORGE WYTHE, politician, b. Edge Hill, Va., ab. 1802 ; d. Albemarle Co., Va., Apr. 4, 1867. Son of Gov. Thos. M. He was a grandson of Jefferson. Entered the na vy at the age of 13 ; attained a lieutenancy, which he resigned ; began to practise law at Charlottesville in 1845, and at Richmond in 1 850. He was considered a leader in the seces sion war in Va. ; was a major at Bethel, and for gallantry there was made a brig.-gen. ; sec. of war for the Confed. Mar. 17-Nov. 17, 1862. Resuming the practice of law, he in Dec. 1863 went to France as agent for the Confed. treas. dept., and returned home in Sept. 1865 with shattered health. His bro., T. J. RANDOLPH, edited the Jefferson Papers. 48 dolph emig. to N.E. in 1630, and afterward settled in N. J. His father, of the same name, was an officer of the 4th Pa. Regt. in the Revo), war. Jacob began practice in Phila. ; m. the eldest dau. of Dr. Physick in 1822 ; and soon attained eminence as a surgeon. Surgeon to the almshouse in 1830; a surgeon of the Pa. Hospital from 1835 to his death; and in 1847, after having been some time lecturer upon clin ical surgery in the Pa. U., was made prof, of that branch. He pub. a Memoir of Dr. Phys ick in 1839, and contrib. many valuable papers to medical journals. Member of the American Philos. Soc. and of the Coll. of Surgeons, and a consulting surgeon to the Phila. Dispensary. Gross s Amer. Med. Biog. Randolph, JOHN, of Roanoke, orator, b. Cawsons, Chesterfield Co., Va., 2 June, 1 773 ; d. Phila. 24 May, 1833. John his father was the son of Col. Richard of Curies, who m. Jane Boll- ing, gr.-granddau. of Pocahontas, and who was treas. of the Colony. His father d. in 1775, and in the autumn of 1778 his mother m. St. George Tucker. In 1784 he was sent to Ber muda for his health, which was much improved there ; and he passed his time in reading the best English authors. In 1787 he studied at N. J. Coll., and in 1788-90 at Col. Coll., N. Y. In 1799 he entered Congress from the Charlotte Dist., which he represented till 1829 with the exception of 4 years, holding in 1 825-7 a seat in the U.S. senate. He was a Democ., a par tisan of State rights, and a political friend of Jefferson. About the end of 1804 he was app. chief manager of the impeachment trial of Judge Chase ; became estranged from Jefferson about 1806; separated from his political asso ciates ; tried to defeat the election of Madison ; opposed the embargo and the war of 1812, and was, in consequence, defeated in the election of 1813. He opposed the recharter of the U.S. Bank in 1816, and the Mo. Compromise Bill of 1820, because it prohibited the extension of slavery, at the same time stigmatizing the Northern men who voted for it as "dough faces." One of his most marked efforts was his speech in 1822 against a resolution of sym pathy for the Greeks, then struggling for inde pendence. In 1826, after the app. by Pres. Ad ams of Mr. Clay as sec. of state, he insulted Clay in a speech, alluding to the affair as a "combination of the Puritan with the black leg." His apologist Garland admits that "he indulged in language of the grossest personal insult." In the duel that ensued, Randolph s pistol went off before the word : Clay fired with out effect, and his adversary then threw away his fire. He supported Jackson for the presi dency in 1828, and in 1830-1 was minister to Russia, returning home in feeble health. He sympathized with the nullifiers of S.C. He died as he was about taking passage for Europe. By his will he manumitted his 300 slaves, mak ing provision for their support. He was never married. He was a man of genius, of ready wit, and a master of sarcasm and invective. " He was like an Ishmaelite," says Garland ; " his hand against every man, and ever}- man a 754 hand against him." His personal appearance and voice were peculiar, and his speeches were more fully and correctly reported than those of any other member of Congress. See Life by Garland, 2 voLs. 1850; Parton s Famous Amer icans, 1 867 ; Letters of John Randolph to a Young Relative, 1834. Randolph, PEYTON, first pres. of Con gress, b. Va. 1723; d. Phila, Oct. 22, 1775. Wm. and M. Coll. He went to Eng. ; studied law at the Temple ; com. practice on his return ; and in 1 748 was king s atty .-gen. for the Colony ; member of the house of burgesses, and was placed at the head of a com. to revise the colo nial laws ; in 1764 he drew up an address from the h. of burgesses to the king against the pas sage of the Stamp Act ; was chosen speaker in April, 1766, and resigned the office of atty .-gen. He was prominent in all the measures of oppo sition to the English govt. ; and was chairman of the com. of corrcsp. in 1773, which by its recommendations brought about the meeting of the first Gen. Cong, at Phila. He was sent a del egate to that assembly, and was elected its first pres. Sept. 5, 1774. March 20, 1775, he pre sided at a convention of delegates assembled at Richmond, and was again elected to Congress. He resumed his situation as speaker of the h. of burgesses for a short time in May, and re turned to Congress after its adjournment ; but a stroke of apoplexy soon closed his patriotic career. Bro. of JOHN, atty.-gen. of Va., and a loyalist, who d. London, Jan. 1784, a 56. Bandolph, COL. THOMAS MANN, gov. Va. 1819-22, b. Va. ; d. Monticello, June 20, 1828. His grandfather, Col. Wm. of Tucka- hoe, d. 1745, in which year his father was born. He m. a dau. of Pres. Jefferson ; was app. col. 20th Inf. March 3, 1813; and was M.C. from Va. in 1803-7, and a member of the Va. legisl. His father, T. M. Randolph, was a member of the Va. conv. of 1775 from Goochland, and a member of the committee of safety. Ranney, RUFUS PERCIVAL, jurist, b. Blandford, Ms., 30 Oct. 1813. His early edu cation was limited. He worked on his father s farm in Freedom, Portage Co., O.; attended a coll. at Hudson for a short time ; studied law ; was admitted to practice in 1838 ; became a partner of B. F. Wade in 1 839 ; member of the O. Const. Conv. of 1850, and prominent in its debates; judge of the Sup. Ct. of O. 1851-6 and 1862-4; U.S. dist.-atty. of Ohio 1857; re moved to Cleveland in 1857 ; and in 1859 was the unsuccessful Democ. candidate for gov. of Ohio. His bro. JOHN L., a disting. lawyer of Ohio, b. 14 Nov. 1815, d. Ravenna, 22 Feb. 1866. A T. Goodman. Ransom, GEN. THOMAS EDWARD GREEN FIELD, b. Norwich, Vt., Nov. 29, 1834; d. Rome, Ga., Oct. 29, 1864. At 12 he entered the Norwich U., a military coll. in charge of his father. He was taught engineering. Left the U. in 1851 ; removed to Peru, 111. ; was a civil engr. and land-agent until the Rebellion broke out, when he became major llth 111. Vols., and on its re-organization lieut.-col. On the night of Aug. 1 9, in a brilliant dash on Charleston, Mo., he was severely wounded. He led his regt. at the attack on Fort Donelson, where he was again severely wounded ; was promoted to col. ; and was wounded in the head at Shiloh ; in June, 1862, he became chief of Gen. McClernand s staff, and insp.-gen. of the Army of Tenn. ; Oct. 10 he was made brig.-gen. vols. ; in Nov. he or ganized a successful expcd. against Col. Wood ruff s Confed. force near Gettysburg ; disting. at Vicksbur^ ; he led a division during the Red- river campaign, and, when McClernand was ill, com his corps; at the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, April 8, 1864, he was severely wounded in the knee. Subsequently assigned to com. the 4th div. 16th corps, he was thence promoted to com. the 1 7th corps. He manifested in his brief but brilliant career great military capacity. Ransom, TRUMAN B., col. U.S.A., b. Vt.; killed Sept. 13, 1847, at the head of his regt. in storming Chapultepec. At one time a maj.- gcn. of militia. Pres. of Norwich U., Vt. App. major 9th Inf. Feb. 16, 1847; col. March 16, 1847. Gardner. Rantoul, ROBERT, Jun., lawyer and politi cian, b. Beverly, Ms., 13 Aug. 1805; d. Wash ington, D.C., 7 Aug. 1852. H.U. 1826. Son of ROBERT (b. Salem, Ms., 23 Nov. 1778; d. Beverly, 24 Oct. 1858), a member of the legisl. in 1809-33, excepting in 1827; of the Const. Convs. of 1820 and 1853; an honest politician, and a friend of temperance, educa tion, and peace. The son began practice at So. Reading in 1827 ; removed to Gloucester in 1 833, and in 1838 to Boston, and had a very successful career at the bar. Member of the legisl. from Gloucester in 1833-7 ; member of the Board of Education from 1837, devoting to it his most useful labors ; collector of the port of Boston 1843-5; U.S. dist.-atty. for Ms. in 1845 ; U.S. sen. for a part of the unexp. term of Mr. Webster in 1851 ; and M.C. from 1851 to his death. He was an ultra reformer, car rying his Democ. principles even into the code of jurisprudence ; and sympathized with the masses, with whom he was exceedingly popu lar. He pub. an address to the working-men ; made a report and speech in the legisl. on cap ital punishment; and delivered speeches against the Fugitive-slave Law, and on other exciting topics. He wrote with great force and clear ness for the period, press. A vol. of his writ ings, with a Memoir, was pub. by Luther Ham ilton, 8vo, 1854. Raphall, REV. MORRIS JACOB, Ph. Dr., pastor of the Cong. "Bnai Jeshurun," b. Stockholm, Sept. 1798; d. New York, June 23, 1868. Educated at the Jewish Coll. in Copenhagen, he went to Eng. in 1812; stud ied at the U. of Geissen from 1821 to 1824 ; returned to Eng. in 1825; and in 1834 began the Hebrew Review, the first Jewish periodical pub. in Eng. In 1840, during the persecution of the Jews in Syria, he was sec. to the chief rabbi in Eng. In conjunction with Dr. Sola, he translated 18 treaties of the "Mishna." In 1841 he was app. rabbi of the Birmingham Synagogue, and concerned in the bui ding of the Hebrew National School. He afterward pub. a number of treatises in defence of Juda ism. In 1847 he wrote an address to the elect ors of London, contributing greatly to the election of Rothschild to parliament; in 1849 he came to the U.S., and was called to the 755 Greene-st. Synagogue, afterward to that of West 34th St. He translated " Maimouides," " The Book of Principles," some works on ethics, and portions of the Bible ; and pub. "The Festivals of the Lord, "1840; "Devo tional Exercises for the Daughters of Israel ; " " The Path to Immortality," 1 859 ; " The Bible View of Slavery," 1861 ; "Judaism Defended," 8vo, 1849; "Post Biblical History of the Jews," 2 vols. 8vo, 1856. On leaving Birming ham in 1849, a purse of 100 sovereigns was presented to him by the mayor and principal inhabitants, with an address acknowledging his eminent services in the cause of education and to the public institutions of the city. Rapp, GEORGE, the founder of the Har- roony Society, Economy, Pa., b. Wurtemberg in 1770; d. Aug. 9, 1847. In his youth he believed that he had experienced a divine call, and that he was charged with the restoration of the Christian religion to its original purity. He did not long confine himself to spiritual matters, but formed the plan of a community organized on the model of the primitive church, with goods in common. Being hindered in this project by the State, he emig. to Amer. in 1803 with a band of followers of his own pecu liar religious, social, and political views. They first settled in Butler Co. in 1805 ; from there they removed in 1815 to theWabash, and built the village of New Harmony, which was pur chased in 1824 by Robert Owen ; andRapp and his followers established themselves at Econo my, Pa. They own 3,500 acres of land, and carry on the manuf. of wool, cotton, silk, and flour. Rarey, JOHN S., horse-tamer, b. Franklin Co., 0., 1828; d. Cleveland, O., Oct. 4, 1866. At an early age he displayed tact in the man agement of horses, and by degrees worked out his own system, gaining profit and celebrity. In 1856 he went to Texas, and on his return to 0. began to give public exhibitions, which he extended to Europe. One of his greatest triumphs was in Eng. over the racing colt " Cruiser," which was so vicious that he had killed one or two grooms, but wa completely tamed and brought to America by Mr. Rarey. In 1863 he was employed by govt. to inspect and report on the horses of the Potomac Army. Author of a treatise on Horse-Taming, repub. in En<r. in 1858. Ratllbun, VALENTINE, b. Stonington, Ct., 1723, was aclothier, and pastor of a Baptist church in Pittsfield, Ms., in 1772-80; then joined the Shakers in Hancock, but left them 3 months after, and pub. against them " Some Brief Hints of a Religious Scheme," c., Hartf., 1781, of \vnich 5 editions were issued. His bro. DAVID remained with them 4 years, and in 1785 pub. a more full account of their delu sion. Rauch., FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, D.D., b. Kirchbracht, Hesse-Darmstadt, 1806 ; d. Mer- cersburg, Pa., Mar. 2, 1841. U. of Marburg, 1S27. Prof. extraor.U. of Geissen, 1830. Came to America in 1831 ; prof, of German in Laf. Coll. ; principal of the high school of York, and then of Mercersburg 1832-6 ; pres. of Mar shall Coll. 1836-41. Author of Psychology, 1840; "The Inner Life of the Christian." Pub. one or two works in Germany, and left unfinished a work on ethics. AUibone. Haum, GREEN B., soldier and politician, b. Golconda, 111., Dec. 3, 1829. With a com mon-school education, he studied law, and practised 16 years, acquiring a lucrative busi ness. An antislavery Democrat, he made the first war speech in Southern Illinois, Apr. 23, 1861, at Metropolis ; was made maj. 46th Regt. in Sept. ; participated in the siege and subse quent battle at Corinth, where he led his regt. ; was made col. July 31, 1862; brev. brig.-geu. Aug. 1864; brig.-gen. Dec. 1864 ; in the cam paign of Central Mpi. ; that of Vicksburg, com. the 2d brig. 7th div. 17th corps at its surren der; was severely wounded at Mission. Ridge; rejoined his command atHuntsville, Ala., Feb. 15, 1864; held Resaca against Hood s army ; accornp. Sherman in the march to the sea ; and resigned May 6, 1865. M.C. 1867-71. Ravenscroft, JOHN STARK, D.D., bishop of N.C., b. Blandford, Prince George Co., Va., 1772; d. Raleigh, Mar. 5, 1830. Son of Dr. John, who removed with his family to Great Britain two months after he was born. He re turned to Va. at the age of 16, after receiving a good classical education in Scotland, to secure the remains of his father s property. Entered Wm. and M.* Coll. with a view to the study of law; m. and settled in Lunenburg Co., *Va. Becoming a member of the Epis. Church in 1815, he was adm. to holy orders in 1817; be came minister of St. James s Church, Mecklen burg Co., where he labored until 1823, when he was elected bishop of N. C., and was consec May 22. He took charge of the congregation at Raleigh, which in 1828 he gave up for that at Williamsburg. Two vols. of his sermons, with a Memoir, were pub. 8vo, 1830. Rawdon, FRANCIS, Marquis of Hastings, a British gen., b. 9 Dec. 1 754 ; d. 28 Nov. 1 826. Son of Earl Moira. Was grad. at Oxford ; entered the army in 1771 ; embarked for America as a lieut. 5th Foot in 1775 ; and at Bunker s Hill received two shots in his cap. He became aide to Sir H. Clinton; disting. himself at the battles of L.I. and White Plains, the attacks on Forts Washington and Clin ton ; was made adj.-gen. in 1778, and raised and com. a corps called the Volunteers of Ire land. Disting. himself at Monmouth, he was sent with a small army to S. C. ; effected a junction with Lord Cornwallis ; and at Cam- den, 16 Aug. 1780, led a division. After Corn- wallis s departure for Va., Rawdon fortified himself at Camden. At the battle of Hob- kirk s Hill, 25 Apr. 1781, he attacked Greene, and compelled him to retreat; he then re lieved Ninety-six, and took post at Orange- burg. Rawdon s last act, previous to leaving this country, was his ordering the execution of Col. Hayne, a cruel and unjustifiable act, for which he has been generally condemned. While on his return-voyage, he was taken by the French, and carried to Brest; March 5, 1783, he was made a baron, and aide-de-camp to the king; in Oct. 1789 he succeeded to the title of his uncle, the Earl of Huntington ; and in 1793 became Earl Moira and a maj.-gen.; in 1794 he served under the Duke of York in the Netherlands. Intrusted in 1812 with the for- 756 iiiation of a ministry, he was rewarded with the order of the Garter, and the gov.-generalcy of British India, which he held 9 years, return ing in ill health in 1822; in March, 1824, he was made gov. and com. -in-chief of Malta ; but, his health failing, he left his govt.,ancl died on board " The Revenge" in the Bay of Baia. Rawle, WILLIAM, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1827), an eminent jurist, b. Phila. April 28, 1759; d. April 12, 1836. After pursuing his legal stud ies in N.Y., Lond., and Paris, on his return, in 1 783, he established himself in practice in Phila., where he passed his life, disting. for scientific and classical as well as legal attainments. In 1789 he was elected to the legisl., and in 1791 was app. by Washington dist.-atty. for the State, but was decidedly averse to politics, and resigned in 1799. He was an active member of many lit. and scientific associations, and was the first pres. of the Pa. Hist. Society, to whose printed Colls, he made repeated contributions. In 1822 he was chosen chancellor of the Phila. bar, before whom he delivered several discourses, which were pub. His other writings comprise " A View of the Constitution of the U. S.," and a New Civil Code, prepared by a commiss. appointed to revise, collate, and digest the Pa. statutes. A Memoir by T. J. Wharton was Sub. Phila. 8vo, 1840. His son* WILLIAM, un. (1789-1858), pub. several vols. of Pa. Re ports, and an Address before the Phila. Law Acad. 1835. WILLIAM HENRY, sonofWm., Jun., b. Phila. 1823. Author of "Law of Covenants for Title," 8vo, 3d ed. 1860. Editor of J. W. Smith s "Law of Contracts," 8vo, 1853; and of William s "Law of Real Prop erty," 8vo, 1857 ; " Equity in Pa.," 8vo, 1868. AWxme. RawlingS, COL. MOSES, Revol. officer; d. Hampshire Co., Va., May, 1809. He com. a Mil. rifle regt. at Fort Washington, and, after a brave resistance, was captured on the fall of that fort, 16 Nov. 1776. Rawlins, GEN. JOHN A., b. Guilford, 111., Feb. 13, 1831 ; d. Washington, Sept. 6, 1869. He was a farmer and charcoal-burner until 1854, but improved every opportunity for read ing and study. He studied law at Galena ; was ad in. to the bar in 1855, and practised success fully until the war began. Though a decided Democrat, and opposed to the war, yet, when Sumter fell, he gave his support to the Govt., and Sept. 15 went on the staff of Gen. Grant as assistant adj.-gen. (rank of capt.). Brig.-gen. Aug. 11, 1863; brev. maj.-gen. Feb. 24,~1S65; chief of staff to the lieut.-gen. March 5, 1865 (rank of brig.-gen.); and maj.-gen. March 13, 1865. He remained upon the staff of his chief through all the trying scenes of the war until the victory was won ; and was sec. of war from March 11, 1869, until a few days before his death. Rawspn, EDWARD, Secretary of Ms. 1650- $6, b. Gillingham, Dorset, Eng., April 16, 1615; d. Boston, Aug. 27, 1693. He was connected by marriage with the two great divines of N.E., Hooker and Wilson, and set tled in Newbury ab. 1636. He represented that town in the Gen. Court several years. He is believed to have been one of the authors of a Bmall book, pub. in 1691, entitled " The Revolu tion in N. England Justified," &c., signed bj " E.R." and " S.S." Author of " The General Laws and Liberties concerning the Inhabitants of the Ms.," &c., fol. 1660. A Memoir, with Genealogical Notices of his Descendants, by Sullivan S. Rawson, was pub. 8vo, 1849. His son GRINDALL, minister of Mendon (1680- 1715, H. U. 1678, d. Feb. 6, 1715, a. 56), preached to the Indians in their own tongne, and was a talented and benevolent man. lie pub. Election Sermons, Boston, 16mo, 1709. Ray, ISAAC, M.D., physician, b. Beverlv, Ms., Jan. 1807. Bowd. Coll. 1827 (A. M. 1846). He commenced practice in Portland, Me., in 1827. In 1829 he removed to East- port, where he studied insanity, and prepared his treatise on " The Medical Jurisprudence of Insanity," 1838, the 5th edition of which, much enlarged, is announced (1871) as in press; in 1841 he was app. supt. of the State Insane Hospital at Augusta, but in 1845 was made supt. of the newly-established Butler Hospital for the Insane at Providence, R.I. ; now (1871 ) a resident of Phila. Dr. Ray has been a fre quent contrib. to medical and lit. periodicals. Author of " Conversations on Animal Econ omy," 1829; "Education in Relation to the Health of the Brain," 8vo, 1851 ; "Mental Hygiene," 12mo, 1863; " Homicide, Epilepsy," 8vo (from Amer. Jour. Insan. Oct. 1867). Ray, JOSEPH, M. D., physician and in structor, b. Va. Nov. 25, 1807 ; d. Cincinnati, April 17, 1855. Self-educated, he became at the age of 16 a schoolmaster; subsequently studied at Wash. Coll., Pa., at Athens Coll., O., and at the Ohio Med. College, whence he graduated, and became a surgeon in the Cin cinnati Hospital. In 1834 Dr. Ray was "app. prof, of mathematics in Woodward Coll. ; and, on its re-organization in 1851 as a high school, he became its principal. During the last five or six years of his life, he was pres. of the board of directors of the House of Refuge in the same city. Author of several standard text-books of arithmetic and algebra. Ray, WILLIAM, poet, b. Salisbury, Ct., Dec. 8, 1771 ,> d. Auburn, N.Y., 1827. With but little education, he tried teaching, and, en gaging in trade, became a bankrupt. He then joined the frigate " Philadelphia" in 1803, and was made a prisoner off the harbor of Tripoli by the Turks when that vessel ran aground, Oct. 31, and detained for more than a year and a half. During the war of 1812 he was a bri gade major at Plattsburg, and finally settled at Onondaga. In 1808 he published "Horrors of Slavery, or the American Tars in Tripoli ; " and in 1821 he pub. a vol. of poems containing also a brief narrative of his sufferings in Tripoli. Litchfield Biog. Raymond, HENRY JARVIS, LL.D. (Un. Coll.), journalist and politician, founder of the N.Y. Times, b. Lima, N.Y., Jan. 24, 1820; d. New York, June 18, 1869. U. of Vt. 1840. His youth was passed on his father s farm. He studied law in N. Y., maintaining himself by teaching and by contributions to the New -York- er, a literary journal. On the establishment of the Tribune in Apr. 1841, he became assistant editor, and gained extraordinary distinction aa a reporter. He made a specialty of lectures 757 speeches, and sermons; and reported Dr. Lard- ner s lectures so correctly, that the lecturer consented to their publication, with very slight alterations, in two octavo vols., with his certi ficate of their accuracy. He was on the staff of the Courier and Enquirer from 1848 to 1851, and in 1847 formed a literary connection with the publishers Harper and Bros.,, which con tinued 10 years. During this period he carried on with Horace Greeley a controversy upon Socialism, afterward pub. in a pamphlet. In 1849 he was elected to the State legisl. by the Whigs ; re-elected in 1850, he was chosen speaker, and manifested special interest in the school system and the canal policy of the State. After the adjournment he sailed for Europe for his health, and soon after his return pub. (Sept. 18, 1851) the first number of the N.Y. Times. At the Whig nat. conv. at Baltimore in 1852, he made a long speech in exposition of Northern sentiment. In 1854 he was elected lieut.-gov. of the State by a large majority. He was active in organizing the Republican party, and drew up the " Address to the People " promul gated at the nat, conv. at Pittsburg in Feb. 1856, and spoke frequently in the following pres. canvass for Fremont. He also took a prominent part in the pres. canvass of 1860 for Mr. Lincoln, and warmly supported the war against the seceding States. Elected to Con gress in 1864, he sustained the reconstruction policy of Mr. Johnson. Author of " A History of the Administration of President Lincoln," 1864; "A Life of Pres. Lincoln," 1865; and " Life of Daniel Webster," 2 vols. 12mo, 1853. As a journalist, he had no superior in the country. Raynal, WILLIAM THOMAS FRANCIS, a French political writer, b. St. Geniez, 1711; d. Passy, Mar. 6, 1 796. He became at an early age a Jesuit, but quitted them in 1 748, and went to Paris, where he disting. himself as a writer. Embarking in commercial pursuits, he was led to compose his " Histoire Philosophique et Po- l/tique des Etablissemens et du Commerce des Eii.rope ens dans les deux Indes" first pub. hi 1770, of which a greatly improved edition was pub. in 10 vols. some years later. Its freedom of opinion, and boldness of remark upon au thority of every description, caused the parlia ment of Paris to order it to be burnt, and its author to be arrested. In 1781 he pub. his " Tableau et Revolutions des Colonies Anglaises I Ame rique Sept.," 2 vols. 12mo. Its blun ders were at once pointed out in a pamphlet by Thomas Paine. In 1790 the National Assem bly cancelled the decree passed against him, and in 1791 he addressed a letter to the Con stituent Assembly in defence of the rights of property. He escaped the tyranny of Robes pierre, but was stripped of his property, and died in indigence. Rea, GEN. JOHN, Revol. officer; often a member of the State legisl.; M.C. 1803-11 and 1813-15; d. Chambersburg, Pa., 6 Feb. 1829, a. 74. Read, DANIEL, musical composer, b. Re- hoboth, Ms., 2 Nov. 1757; d. N. Haven, 1836. Pub. "Arner. Song-Book;" "New Coll. of Psalm-Tunes," Dedham, 1805; "Columbian Harmonist," 1793; author also of "Green wich," " Windham," and other popular tunes He was a comb manuf. in New Haven. Reea Family. Read, GEORGE, signer of the Decl. of In- dep., b. Cecil Co., Md., 18 Sept. 1733 ; d. New castle, Del., 21 Sept. 1798. His father came from Ireland ab. 1726, and settled in Newcas tle Co., Del. George was carefully educated at Chester, Pa., and at New London under Dr. Allison ; was adm. to the bar at 19, and in 1 754 began practice at Newcastle; atty.-gen. of Kent, Sussex, and Delaware Counties 1763-74; mem ber of the legisl. of Del. 1765-76 ; member of the Cont. Congress 1774-7, and a member of its first naval committee in 1775; vice-pros, of Del. in 1777, and acting pres. after the cap ture of Pres. McKinley; pres. of the convention which in 1776 formed the first const, of Del., of which Read was the author; and also a member of the conv. that framed the U.S. Con stitution ; again member of the Assembly in 1779-80; app. in 1782 judge of the Court of Appeals in Admiralty Cases; in 1785 one of the justices of a special court in a territorial dispute between Ms. and N.Y. ; U.S. senator 1789-93 ; and from 1793 to his d. chief justice of Del. His son GEORGE, dist.-atty. for Del. 1789-1809, d. Newcastle, 3 Sept. 1836, a 70. JOHN, another son (1). 7 July, 1769, d. 13 July, 1854, N.J. Coll. 1757), succeeded N. Biddle in the Pa. senate. Pub. "Arguments on the British Debts," Phil. 1798. See Life and Cor respondence by Wm. Thompson Read, 8vo, 1870. Read, GEORGE CAMPBELL, rear-admiral U.S.N., b. Ireland; d. Phila. Aug. 22, 1862. Midshipm. Apr. 2, 1804 ; licut. Apr. 25, 1810; com. Apr. 27, 1816; capt. Mar. 3, 1825 ; rcar- adm. July 31, 1862. After the action between the U.S. frigate " Constitution " and the Brit ish frigate "Guerriere," Aug. 19, 1812, in which his gallantry was conspicuous, he was selected to receive the sword of Capt, Dacres. Oct. 25, 1812, he was present in the action be tween "The United States" and "Macedo nian." At the time of his death he was gov. of the Phila. Naval Asylum. He was a gal ant and courteous officer, and of a commanding personal appearance. "Around the World," a narrative of a voyage in the E. I. squadron under Read, by an oilicer of the navy, was pub. 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1840. Read, HENRIETTA FANNING, b. Jamaica Plains, N.Y. Pub. 8vo, 1848, a vol. of dra matic poems, " Medea Erminia," and " The New World; " and in Feb. 1848 made her de but as an actress at the old Boston Theatre. May s Female Poets. Read, GEN. JACOB, Revol. officer, b. S.C. 1752 ; d. there 17 July, 1816. Descendant of " one who held high office in Ga." He studied law in Eng., and practised on his return. Mem ber State legisl. ; of the Old Congress 1783-8; U.S. senator 1795-1802; pres. pro tern. 1797; app. judge of the Dist. Court of S.C. in 1801. Read, JOHN, a distin^. lawyer of Boston ; d. Feb. 7, 1749, a. ab. 72. H.U. 1697. He stud ied divinity, and was for some time a popular preacher ; but studied law, and became an emi nent practitioner. He was the first to reduce the redundant and obscure phraseology of the English deeds of conveyance to the simple 758 RED form now in use. He also held for some time a conspicuous place in the house of representa tives and council during Shirley s administra tion. Knanp. Bead, JOHN MEREDITH, LL.D. (B.U. 1860), son of John, and grandson of George, signer Decl. of Indep., b. Phila. July 21, 1797. U" of Pa. 1812. Called to the bar in 1818; member Pa. Iegisl.l823-i; city solicitor; atty.- gcn. of the State, and judge advocate of the ct. of inquiry on Com. Elliott ; judge Sup. Court of Pa. since 1860. Vice-pres. Pa. Hist. Soc.; member Amer. Philos. Soc. Assoc. counsel with Thad. Stevens in 1851 in defence of C. Han way for constructive treason. Ab. 1 854 he began to advocate the prin. of the Repub. party. Author of a great number of public addresses, legal opinions, speeches, &c. ; see Allibone s " Diet, of Authors." D. Phila. Nov. 29, 1874. His son JOHN MEREDITH, Jun., consul-gen, to Paris 1869, b. Phila. 1837. B.U. 1858; Al bany Law School, 1859. Adm. to Phila. bar 1859, and removed to Albany. Adj.-gen. of N.Y. during the Rebellion ; incorp. and origi nal trustee of Cornell U. Author of " The Relation of the Soil to Plants and Animals/ 1860; "Hist. Inquiry concerning Hendrick Hudson," &c., 8vo, 1866. He is now employed on a new Life of Hudson, to be illustrated by Bierstadt. Author also of occasional poems, and other contribs. to periodicals, newspapers, &c., and member of many literary and scientific bodies. Allibone. Read, NATHAN, jurist and inventor, b. War ren, Ms., July 2, 1759; d. Belfast, Me., Jan. 20, 1849. H.U. 1781 ; tutor there 1783-7. Son of Maj. Reuben Read of the Revol. army. In 1795 settled in Danvers, Ms., and engaged in the manuf. of anchors, chain-cables, &c., whence in 1807 he removed to Belfast. M.C. 1800-3, and was subsequently for some years a judge and chief justice of the C.C.P. He was the first petitioner for a patent invention, before the patent-law had been enacted ; one of the first who applied steam to the purposes of navig., having (Aug. 1791) experimented on Wenham Pond with a boat propelled by steam with pad dles, instead of wheels. He also invented a method of equalizing the action of windmills ; a plan of using the force of the tide by means of reservoirs alternately filled and emptied in such a way as to produce a constant stream ; different forms of pumping-engincs and thresh ing-machines ; and a plan for using the expan sion and contraction of metals multiplied by levers for winding up clocks and other pur poses. It is also claimed for him that he in vented tubular (or multi-tubular) steam-boilers and high-pressure engines, having patented this inv. as early as 1788-91. He was also the in ventor of many agric. implements. Member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. See Nathan Rend, his Invention, frc., by David Read his Nephew, 1870. Read, THOMAS BUCHANAN, painter and poet, b. Chester Co., Pa., Mar. 12, 1822. At the age of 17 he went to Cincinnati, and en tered a sculptor s studio, but soon after studied painting. In 1841 he removed to N.Y., and soon after to Boston, where he occupied him self chiefly in portrait-painting. Establishing himself in Phila. in 1846, he visited Europe in 1850; returned to Cincinnati, and in 1853 went to Florence. After a long residence there, he returned to Cincinnati in 1858. He pub. his first vol. of poems at Boston in 1847 ; " Lays and Ballads," Phila. 1848; an illustrated edi tion of his poems, 1853 ; " The New Pastoral," his first long poem, 1855 ; " The House by the Sea," 1856^; "Poetical Works," 2 vols., Bos ton, 1860 ; " The Wagoner of the Alleghanies," 1862; "Sheridan s Ride, and other Poems," 8vo, 1865 ; " Poems," new ed. 3 vols. ; " Good Samaritans," a poem, 1867 ; and in 1848 edit ed a coll. of " Specimens of the Female Poets of Amer." Among his best pictures are the " Lost Pleiad," the " Water-Sprite," and "Longfellow s Children"; d. May 11, 1872. Reagan, JOHN H., postm.-gen. of the Conf. States, b. Sevier Co., Tenn., Oct. 8, 1818. He studied law, and was adrn. to the bar. Settled at Palestine, Texas ; was app. dep. surveyor in 1840; in 1846 probate judge, and col. of mili tia; member of the legisl. in 1847 : judge of the Dist. Court 1852-7; Democ. M.C. 1857- 61 ; and from Mar. 1, 1861, to Apr. 1865, post master-gen, of the Confed. States. Some time a prisoner at Fort Warren. Redden, LAURA C. ("Howard Glyndon"), b. Somerset Co., Md. Lost her hearing at the age of 12, and is still deaf. Author of " Nota ble Men of the 37th Cong.," 1862 ; " Idyls of Battle, and Poems of the Rebellion," N.Y., 1864. Edited in 1860 a department of the St. Louis Presbyterian, and has contrib. to the Mo. Republican and Harper s Weekly and Monthly. Some of her poems are in " Loyal Lyrics," and in " Ballads of the War." Allibone. Redfleld, ISAAC FLETCHER, LL.D., jurist, b. WethersneM, Vt., Apr. 10, 1804. Dartm. Coll. 1825. Began practice at Derby, Vt., in 1827, afterward in Windsor, Vt. ; and in 1861 removed to Boston. States atty. for Orleans Co. 1832-5; judge of the Vt. Sup. Jud. Ct. 1835-58 ; chief justice 1852-61 ; prof, of raed. jurisprudence at Dartm. Coll. 1857-61 ; a corn- miss, to adjust U.S. claims on Great Britain 1867. Author of a treatise on " The Law of Railways ; " " Law of Carriers," " Leading Amer. "Cases," " Law of Wills," 3 vols. 8vo. Editor of " Greenleaf on Evidence," 3 vols. 8vo, 1868 ; with W. A. Herrick, " Treatise on Civil Pleading and Practice," 1868. N.E. ed. of the Ph da. Law Register; d. Mar. 23, 1876. Redfleld, WILLIAM C., mechanic and me teorologist, b. Middletown, Ct., Mar. 26, 1789 ; d. N.Y. City, Feb. 12, 1857. He was in early life a mechanic, but, engaging in steamboat; navigation, removed in 1825 to N.Y. City. He- investigated thoroughly the whole subject of the connection of steam with navigation ; and in pamphlets, essays, and published letters, dis cussed the causes of steamboat explosions, the means of safety, the necessity of careful and frequent inspection, the improvement of the law relative to steam-navigation, its adaptation to the purposes of national defence, and the sim plification and improvement of marine engines. First pres. of the Amer. Assoc. for the Advance ment of Science in 1 843. He is chiefly known aa a meteorologist, and especially for his successful researches into the phenomena of violent storraa RED 759 REE nnd gales, which he showed to be large pro gressive whirlwinds. In 1828 he pub. a pam phlet urging the importance of a system of railways to connect the Hudson and the Mpi. He pub. during his life 62 essays, of which 40 pertain to meteorology ; also the circular the ory of storms ; " Genealogy of the Redfield Family in the U.S.," 1839. A biog. sketch by Dcnison Olmsted was pub. in 1857. His son JOHN H. is known by his investigations into hurricanes, the Bahamas, &c. Bed Jacket (SAGOYEWATHA), chief of the Senecas, and a celebrated orator, b. 1751, near Buffalo, N.Y. ; d. there Jan. 20, 1830. During the Revol. the Senecas fought under the Brit. standard ; and his activity and intelligence at tracted the notice of the officers. At a council held at Fort Stanwix in 1784 to negotiate a treaty between the U.S. and some of the Six Nations for the cession of lands, he spoke very eloquently against the treaty, which was, never theless, ratified. A few years later, Red Jacket had an interview with Washington, who gave him a silver medal, which he wore ever after ward. In 1810 he gave information to the In dian agent of the attempt made by Tecumseh to draw the Senecas into the Western combina tion. He possessed talents of the highest order, and was a thorough Indian in his costume, as well as in his contempt for the dress, language, arid every thing else belonging to the English. He was second to none in the authority of his tribe, and maintained his position with great dignity. He excelled as an orator, using beau- tifp and figurative language, conjoined with easy, graceful, and impressive gesticulations. In the war of 1812 he fought for the U. S. with the utmost intrepidity ; and the bravery of Red Jacket was particularly conspicuous in an action near Lake George, Aug. 13, 1812. In his later years he was a confirmed drunkard. - See Life by W. L. Stone, 8vo, 1841. Redman, JOHN, M.D., an eminent physi cian, b. Phila. Feb. 27, 1722 ; d. there Mar. 19, 1808. He studied at the Rev. Mr. Ten- nent s acad., and under Dr. John Kearsley ; spent some years in Bermuda, and then went to Europe. He remained 1 year at the medical school in Edinburgh, attended Guy s Hospital one year, and also attended lectures, dissections, and hospitals in Paris. He grad. at the U. of Leyden, July 15, 1748 ; " Abortion " being the subject of his inaugural dissertation. Return ing to Phila., he rose to celebrity in his profes sion. In 1759 he pub. a defence of inocu lation, and advised the use of mercury. He was elected a physician of the Pa. Hospital on its establishment, and afterward the first pres. of the Coll. of Physicians. Thacher. Redwood, ABRAHAM, founder of the Red wood Library ; d. Newport, R. I., Mar. 3, 1788, a. 78. He was a Quaker from Antigua, and gave 500 for the Library. Its building was finished in 1750. Reed, CALEB, Swedenborgian writer, b. W. Bridgewater, Ms., Apr. 22, 1797 ; d. Boston, Oct. 14, 1854. H.U. 1817. He practised law at Yarmouth until 1827. Son of Rev. John Reed. He pub. " The General Principles of English Grammar," 1821. Over 20 years edi tor of the N. Jerusalem Mag. Member of the firm of Cyrus Alger & Co., Boston, 1827- 54. Reed, DAVID, founder of the Christian Register (20 Apr. 1821), b. Easton, Ms., 6 Feb. 1790; d. Boston, 7 June, 1870. B. U. 1810. Son of Rev. Wm., Cong, pastor of Easton from 1784 to his d. 16 Nov. 1809; b. Abington, Ms., 8 June, 1755. David took charge of the Bridgewater Acad. in 1810; was licensed to preach in 1814; and until 1819 preached in various places in N. E. From the commence ment of the Register until 1866 he had the as sistance, editorially and as contributors, of many of the ablest men of the Unitarian de nomination ; and his journal exercised a pow erful influence upon the public mind. He was one of the founders of the Amer. Antislavery Soc. in 1 828 ; and was one of the earliest mem bers of the N. E. H. Geneal. Society. Reed, HENRY, LL.D., author, b. Phila. July 11, 1808; d. on his return from Europe in the steamer "Arctic," Sept. 27, 1854. U. of Pa. 1825. Grandson of Joseph and Esther Reed. He studied law in the office of John Sergeant; was adm. to the bar in 1829; in 1831 was app. assist, prof, of English lit. in the U. of Pa. ; a short time subsequently as sist, prof, of moral philos. ; and in 1835 prof, of rhetoric and Eng. lit. He superintended the pub. of an edition of Wordsworth s Poems, furnished the Lifeof his grandfather for Sparks s " Amer. Biog.," and also numerous essays and reviews for the periodical press. His principal work was entitled "Lectures on English Lit.," 1855. In 1845 he pub. an improved edition of "Alex. Reid s Diet, of the Eng. Language," in 1847 an edition of" Graham s English Syn- onymes," of " Arnold s Lectures on Modern Hist," "Lord Mahon s History of Eng.," and the poetical works of Gray. Also author of " Lectures on the British Poets," 1857 ; " Lec tures on English Hist., Shakspeare," &c., 1856. Prof. Reed m. a grand-dau. of Bishop Wm. White. After his death, his bro. Wm. B. pub. a vol. of his miscellaneous productions, to which a Memoir of his life was prefixed. Reed, HOLLIS, clergyman and author, b. Newfane, Vt., Aug, 26. 1802. Wins. Coll. 1826. He studied theology at Princeton. Ord. at Park St., Boston, Sept. 24, _ 1829 ; _and from Dec. 1830 to 1835 was a missionary in India; from Nov. 1838 to 1845 was settled at Derby, Ct. ; and at New Preston from June 1, 1845, to 1851. He has pub. "The Christian Brah min," 2 vols. 1 2mo ; " Reed and Ramsay s Journal in India," 12mo, 1836 ; " God in His tory," 2 vols. 12mo; "Memoirs and Sermons of W. J. Armstrong, D.D.," 12mo ; "India, and People, Ancient and Modern," &c., 8vo; "Palace of the Great King;" " Commerce and Christianity," 18mo;" "The Coming Crisis of the World," 12mo ; and " The Negro Prob lem Solved," 12mo. Reed, COL. ISAAC, Revol. officer, b. Lunen- burg, Va. ; d. Phila. Sept. 1778. Son of Col. Clement Reed. Was a resident of Greenfield ; was many years a member of the h. of bur gesses; a signer of the non-importation and mercantile associations in 1769 and 70; a member of the State conventions of 1 774 and of March and June, 1775, by which last body ho 760 REE was app. lieut.-col. 4th Va. Regt. Feb. 13, 1776; and was promoted to col. Aug. 13, 1776. Griqsby ; Saffell. Reed, JAMES, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Woburn, Ms., 1724; d. Fitchburg, Ms., 13 Feb. 1807. He com. a company under Col. Brown in the French and Indian war in 1755; was w r ith Abercrombie at Ticonderoga in 1758, and with Amherst in 1759. In 1765 he settled in the town of Fitzwilliam, N.IL, of which he was an original proprietor. Made a licut.-col. in 1770; in May, 1775, he com. the 2d. N. H. Regt. at Cambridge, with which he did good service at Bunker s Hill, holding the rail-fence with Stark, and protecting the retreat of the main body from the redoubt. Joining the army in Canada under Sullivan early in 1776, his regt. suffered severely from small-pox, and Reed himself was attacked, and ultimately lost his sight. Made brig^.-gen. 9 Aug. 1776, he quitted his sick-bed, incapacitated for further service, and retired to his former residence. His son SYLVAN us served through the war ; was adj. in Sullivan s campaign of 1778 ; after wards col. ; d. 1798. Reed, JOHN, D.D. (B.U. 1803), Unitarian clergyman, and M.C. 1795-1801, b. Framing- ham, Ms., Nov. 11, 1751 ; d. Feb. 17, 1831, in West Bridgewatcr. Y. C. 1772. Son of Solomon, minister of Middleborough. After spending one year as chaplain in the U.S. naval service, he was settled at W. B., Ms., June 7, 1780, preaching there for 51 years. His two predecessors, D. Perkins and J. Keith, occu pied 116 years. His opinions on ecclesiastical aifairs were so just and accurate as to have re ceived the approbation of courts and judges. A result of an ecclesiastical council drawn up by him has been in substance adopted as the foundation of an important decision of the Su preme Court of Ms. He pub. beside occas. ser mons a treatise on Baptism, 12mo. He ex celled as a metaphysician and controversialist. Reed, JOHN, M.C. 1813-17 and 1821-41, son of Rev. John, b. W. Bridgewater, Sept. 2, 1781; d. there Nov. 25, 1860. B.U. 1803. He was preceptor of Bridgewater Acad. one year; tutor in Brown U. 2 years ; then studied law, and settled in Yarmouth, Ms., where he acquired a lucrative practice ; and was from 1844-51 lieut.-gov. of Ms. Reed, JOSEPH, statesman, b. Trenton, N. J., 27 Aug. 1741; d. Phila. 5 Mar. 1785. N. J. Coll. 1757. He studied law at the Tem ple, Lond. ; returned in 1765 ; began a success ful practice at Trenton ; and in 1767 was app. dep. sec. of N. J. Revisiting Eng. in 1770, he m. Esther, dau. of Dennis De Berdt, agent for Ms., and on his return settled in Phila. ; took an active part in politics, corresponding, through his English connections, with Lord Dartmouth, colonial sec. Member of the com. of corresp. in 1774 ; pres. of the first Pa. con vention in Jan. 1775; deleg. to Congress in May ; and in July, at the solicitation of Wash ington, resigned a lucrative practice, and ac- comp. him to Cambridge as his sec. and aide-de camp. Adj. -gen. during the campaign of 1776, he contributed to the successes of Tren ton and Princeton. In 1777 he was app. chief justice of Pa., and named by Congress brig.- gen. ; he declined both offices, but was present as a vol. at the battles of Brandywine, White Marsh, Germantown, and Monmouth. Mem ber of Congress, and in 1778 signed the arti cles of confed. In reply to the offers of Gov. Johnstone, one of the British peace commission ers, Reed answered, " I am not worth purchas ing ; but, such as I am, the king of Gr:at Brit ain is not rich enough to do it." Pres. of Pa 1 778-81 ; active in suppressing the revolt of the Pa. line of the army in 1781. He detected and exposed the character of Arnold, whom he brought to trial for malpractice while in com. at Phila. He resumed his profession at the close of 1781 ; and in 1784 visited Eng. for his health, but without beneficial restilt. Dur ing his administration, he aided in founding the U. of Pa. ; favored the gradual abolition of slavery, and the doing-away Avith the proprie tary powers vested in the Penn family. Bancroft quotes Count Donop s report to the BrL sh Gen. Grant, that Col. Reed received a British protection in 1776. (See also Hist. Mag. for Jan. 1869, and Gen. Cadwalader s "Reply" to the pub. " Remarks " of Reed, addressed to the former in 1783, sustaining the allegation.) Reed also pub. "Remarks on Johnstone s Speech, with Papers relative to his Proposi tions," &c., 1779. ESTHER his wife (b. Lond. 1 747, d. Phila. 18 Sept. 1 780) took an active part in providing for the sick and destitute soldiers of the army. Her grandson Win. B. Reed pub. her Memoirs, 8vo, 1853. His youngest son, GEORGE W., an officer in the U.S.N., d. Span- ishtown, Jamaica, 4 Jan. 1813, a. 32. N. J. Coll. 2d lieut. of " The Nautilus " in the attack on Tripoli in Aug. 1804; co-operated with Gen. Eaton on the African coast, and com, " The Vixen " in the war of 1812. See Life and Corresp. of Reed by his Grandson \Vm. B. Reed, 2 vols. 1847. Reed, COL. PHILIP, senator, d. Hunting ville, Kent Co., Md., Nov. 2, 1829. A capt. in the Revol. army ; U.S. senator 1806-13 ; M.C. 1817-19 and 1821-3; col. of militia ; com. in a fight with a superior force of British seamen under Sir Peter Parker, who were defeated, and Sir Peter killed, at Moorfields, East Shore, Md., Aug. 30, 1814. Gardner. Reed, SAMPSON, b. W. Bridgewater, Ms., 10 June, 1800. H.U. 1818. Merchant of Boston. Editor New-Church May., and co- editor New-Jerusalem Mao. Author of " Ob servations on the Growth of the Mind," 8vo, 1826. Reed, WILLIAM, a philanthropic merchant, d. Marblehead, Ms., Feb. 18, 1837, a. 60. M.C. 1811-15; pres. of the S.S. Union, and of the Amer. Tract Society ; vice-pres. of the Education Society. Besides liberal bequests to heirs and relatives, he left $68,000 to various benevolent objects. Reed, WILLIAM BRADFORD, LL.D., grandson of Gen. Joseph, b. Phila. 30 June, 1806. U. of Pa. 1822. Atty.-gen. of Pa 1838 ; envoy-extr. and minister to China 1857- 8, and negotiated the treaty ratified Jan. 26 1860. Author of "Life and Correspondence of Joseph Reed," 2 vols. 8vo, 1 847 ; " Life of Esther Reed," 8vo, 1853; "Vindication of Joseph Reed," in reply to Bancroft s History, 761 in several pamphlets. He edited the posthu mous works of his bro. Henry, and has pub. a large number of hist, addresses and political pamphlets. Contrib. to the Arner. Quarterly and N. A. Review; d. N. Y. City, Feb. 19, 1876. Reeder, ANDREW H., lawyer and politi cian, b. near Trenton, N.J., ab. 1808; d. Eas- ton, Pa., July 5, 1864. He passed most of his life at Easton, where he practised law, and was influential as a Democ. politician, but would never accept office until in 1854 app. first gov. of Kansas. The election frauds there made him a Republican; and in July, 1855, he was removed from office, but was unanimously elected by the people as their delegate to Con gress, and afterward, under the Topeka Con stitution, first U.S. senator. The constitution was not ratified by Congress, and he did not take his seat. One of the first to be app. a brig.-gcn. at the outbreak of the war, he de clined the honor. Three of his sons served in the army. With Hon. Marcus J. Parrott, he pub. " Kansas, a Description of the Country," &c. Reese, DAVID MEREDITH, M.D., LL.D., superint. of public schools in New York, b. Phila. 1800; d. N.Y. City, 1861. U. of Md. 1820. He practised many years in N.Y. City, and was physician-in-chief to the Bellevue Hos pital. He pub. "Observations on Yellow- Fever," 1819; "Strictures on Health," 1828; "Epidemic Cholera," 1833; "Humbugs of ters to Win. Jay in Reply to his Inquiry," 12mo, 1835; "Phrenology known by its Fruits," 1838; "Medical Lexicon," 184. He edited Chambers s Educ. Course, 12 vols. ; Cooper s Surgical Diet. ; Neligau on Medicines ; and Good s " Book of Nature ; " Amer. Med. Gazette, 1850; contrib. to periodicals. Rees, JAMES, b. Morristown, Pa., 1802. He was a contrib. to the Sat, Evening Post, in 1821, to the Picayune 1834, to the Home Weekly, and other periodicals ; was co-editor of the Mechanics Free Press 1831 ; editor of the Dramatic Mirror 1842, and of the Philan thropist 1854 ; has pub. " The Dramatic Authors of America," 1842 ; " Beauties of Daniel Web ster," 12mo, 1839; "Mysteries of City Life," 1849; "The Tinker Spy, a Romance of the Revol.," 1855; "Foot -Prints of a Letter-Car rier," 1866; and a number of plays. He has ready for the press a work on the Origin of Phrases, the Etymology of Words, &c. Atti- bone. Reese, THOMAS, D.D., Presb. clergyman, b. Pa. 1742; d. Charleston, S.C., Aug. 1796. N. J. Coll. 1768. Ord. 1773. He became pas tor of the church of Salem, S.C., and in 1793 of two churches in Pendleton Dist. He was a disting. scholar and an able preacher. He pub. an " Essay on the Influence of Religion on Civil Society," and sermons in the American Preacher. Sprague. Reeve, ISAAC V. D., col. U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1835. Entering the 4th Inf., he became 1st lieut. 8th Inf. 7 July, 1838; capt. 18 June, 1847; maj. 1st Inf. 14 May, 1861; lieut.-col. 16th, 13 Sept. 1862; col. (retired list) 14 Oct. 1864. He served against the Seui- iuoles of Fla. in 1836-7 and 1840-2; in the Mexican war 1846-7 ; was at the siege of Vera Cruz, battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Cerro Gordo, Chapultepec, and capture of city of Mexico; and was brev. maj. and lieut.-col. for Contreras and Churubusco 20 Aug., and for Molino del Rey 8 Sept., 1847. Made prisoner of war by treachery of Gen. Twiggs at San Antonio, Tex., 9 May, 1861; exchanged 20 Aug. 1862. Cullum. Reeve, TAPPING, LL.D., lawyer, b. Brook- haven, L.I., Oct. 1744 ; d. Litchfield, Ct., Dec. 13, 1823. N. J. Coll. 1763. In 1772 he re moved to Litchfield, where he began to prac tise law. In 1784 he instituted the Litchfield Law School, which soon became celebrated throughout the Union, and of which he was the sole instructor until 1798, when he associated with himself James Gould, continuing to give lectures himself until 1820. In 1798-1814 he was a judge of the Superior Court. He was the first eminent Amer. lawyer who endeavored to effect a change in the laws regarding the property of married women, and was a Feder alist in politics. He m. Sarah, sister of Aaron Burr. He pub. the Law of Baron and Femme, of Parent and Child, of Guardian and Ward, &c., 8vo, 1816 ; treatise on the Law of Descents, 8vo, 1825. Reid, DAVID BOSWELL, M.D., F.R.S., physicist, b. Edinburgh, 1805 ; d. Washington, D.C., 5 Apr. 1863. Educated at the U. of Edinb. He became eminent as a teacher of chemistry, and in the application of proper ventilation to public buildings. In 1856 he came to the U.S. ; was some time prof, of ap plied chemistry in the U. of Wis., and after ward resided at St. Paul, Minn. ; one of the inspectors of the U.S. sanitary com. Author of "Ventilation in American Dwellings," N.Y. 1863; "A Short Plea for the Revision of Education in Science," 1861 ; and contrib. many papers to scient. journals. Reid. DAVID S., gov. of N.C. in 1851-5, b. Rockmgham Co., N.C., Apr. 19, 1813. Studied law, and was adm. to practice in 1833 ; was a member of the State legisl. in 1835-42 ; M.C. in 1843-7 ; U. S. senator 1856-61 ; dele gate .to the Peace Congress, Feb. 1861. Lanman. Reid, GEN. GEORGE, Revol. officer, b. N.H. 1733 ; d. Londonderry, N.H., Sept. 1815. His early education was scanty. He was a capt. in Stark s regt. at Bunker s Hill ; lieut.- col. of Patterson s regt. Nov. 4, 1775; rol. N.H. 2d at the battle of .Bemis Heights, Oct. 1777 ; and was present at the surrender of both Cornwallis and Burgoyne ; in 1785 he was a brig.-gen. of militia; and in 1791 was made sheriff of Rockinghara County. Reid, JOHN, a British gen., b. Scotland, Jan. 13, 1722; d. Lond. Apr. 3, 1818. Son of Alexander Robertson of Straloch. Educated at the U. of Edinburgh, and entered the army as a lieut. in Loudon s Highlanders, June 8, 1745 ; app. June 3, 1752, capt. in the 42d ; in 1758 he became major. He served under Am- herst in the French war ; was wounded in the exped. against Martinico, 1762, and promoted to a lieut.-col; in 1763 he was sent to the relief of Fort Pitt, then besieged by the Indians, REI 762 who were defeated in the well-fought battle of Bushy Run. In the following summer the42d a^ain" formed part of another exped. under Bouquet against the Muskingum Indians. In 1765 Lieut.-Col. Reid com. all his Majesty s forces in the dist. of Fort Pitt ; and in 1766 an officer of the same name is mentioned as com mandant at Fort Chartres, III. In 1771 Lieut.- Col. Reid obtained a large tract of land on Otter Creek in Vt., from which, however, his tenants were expelled in 1772 by the people of Bennington. He became maj.-gen. Oct. 1781; lieut.-gen. Oct. 12, 1793; gen. Jan. 1, 1798. Reid, CAPT. MAYNE, novelist and soldier, b. in the north of Ireland, 1818. The son of a Presb. minister, he was intended for the church ; but a fondness for adventure led him in 1838 to Amer. Arriving at N. Orleans, he engaged in trading and hunting excursions up the Red and Mo. Rivers, and travelled through nearly every State in the Union. He after ward" settled in Phila. ; wrote for magazines ; served in the Mexican war ; and was wounded in the assault upon Chapultepec, where he led the forlorn hope. He afterward resided in Lond., and has written a series of very popular books for boys. Among the best are " The Rifle-Rangers," 1849; "The Scalp-Hunters," 1850; "The Quadroon," 1856; and " Os- ceola," 1858. An edition of his works in 15 vols. was pub. in 1868. He established a monthly magazine in Jan. 1869. Reid, ROBERT RAYMOND, jurist, b. Pr. William Parish, S.C., Sept. 8, 1789; d. near Tallahassee, July 1, 1841. In early life he re moved to Ga. ; was M.C. in 1819-23; after ward mayor of Augusta. He was also a judge of the Superior Court of Ga. in 1816-19 and 1823-5. In 1832 Pres. J. Q. Adams app. him judge of the Superior Court for the eastern dist. of Fla. J and in 1839 Pres. Van Buren app. him gov. of Fla. While holding his ju dicial office in that State, he was a member of the conv. which formed a State constitution, over which body he presided in a creditable manner. Miller, Bench and Bar of Ga. Reid, SAMUEL CHESTER, a naval officer, h. Norwich, Ct., Aug. 25, 1783 ; d. N.Y. City, Jan. 28, 1861. He went to sea at 11; was captured by a French privateer, and was 6 months a prisoner at Basseterre. He served as acting midshipman on the U.S. ship "Balti more," in Com. Truxton s W. I. squad. ; and during the war of 1812 com. the privateer brig " Gen. Armstrong," with which he fought one of the most remarkable naval battles on record, at Fayal, Sept. 26 and 27, 1814. Her force was 7 guns and 90 men. She was attacked by the boats of the " Plantagenet " (74), " Rota " (44), and "Carnation" (18). Reid succeeded in thoroughly disabling and defeating the enemy, and scuttled his own vessel to prevent her i-apture. The British lost 120 killed and 130 wounded. The Americans had 2 killed, 7 wounded. The attack upon " The Armstrong " in a neutral port led to a protracted diplomatic corresp. ; but the arbitration of Louis Napo leon decided the case against the Americans. Capt. Reid was app. a sailing-master in the navy, arid held the office till his death. He was also warden c" the port of N.Y., and in vented and erected the signal-telegraph at the battery and the Narrows, communicating with Sandy Hook, and regulated and numbered the pilot-boats. He is also disting. as the designer of the present U.S. flag. Appleton. Reid, WHITELAW, b. Xenia, 0., 1837. Miami U. 1856. Editor Xenia News ; co-edi tor Cincinnati Gazette, sue. Horace Greeley as ed. N. Y. Tribune. Author of " After the War, a Southern Tour," 1865-6, 12mo ; "Ohio in the War," 2 vols. 8vo, 1868. AHibone. Reinagle, ALEXANDER, musical com poser, and manager of Phila. and Bait, theatres ; d. Bait. 21 Sept. 1809, a. 61. Reno, GEN. JESSE L., b. Va. 1823 ; killed at the battle of South Mountain, Sept. 14, 1862. West Point, 1846. Entering the ord nance dept., he was brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Cerro Gordo ; com. a howitzer battery at the storming of Chapultepec, where he was severely wounded, and brev. capt. He was afterward assist, prof, of math, at West Point ; sec. of the board of artillery ; was employed in the coast-survey and in the construction of a military road from Big Sioux to St. Paul. He accomp. Gen. Johnston to Utah as ordnance officer; was made 1st lieut. of ordnance, Mar. 3, 1853; capt. July 1, 1860; brig.-gen. vols. Nov. 12, 1861 ; and maj.-gen. 18 July, 1862. He com. the 2d brigade in Burnside s exped. to N.C. ; was disting. at the battle of Roanoke Island for gallantry in leading the attack on Fort Bartow ; participated in the capture of Newbern and other important military opera tions ; was ordered to re-enforce Gen. MeClel- lan on the peninsula in July, 1862; afterward joined Gen. Pope s army of Va., and took part in the actions near Manassas at the close of Aug. 1862, and com. the 9th corps. At the battle of South Mountain he was in advance, and engaged during the whole day ; was con spicuous for his gallantry and activity ; and the success of the day was greatly owing to his efforts. Renshaw, JAMES, capt. U.S.N., b. Pa., 1784; d. Washington, D.C., May 29, 1846. Midshipm. July 7, 1800; lieut. Feb. 25, 1807 ; com. Dec. 10, 1814; capt. Mar. 3, 1825. Renshaw, RICHARD T., capt. U.S.N., b. Pa. March 22, 1821. Midshipm. Feb. 26, 1838; lieut. 1861 ; com. Sept. 22, 1862 ; capt. 1869 ; com. steamer " Lousiana," N. Atl. block, squad., 1861-4; at capture of Roanoke Island, Feb. 8, 1862 ; Washington, N.C., Sept. 6, 1862; defence of Washington, N.C., Apr. 1863; and several minor actions. Corn, steam er " Massasoit," N.A.B. squad., 1864-5 ; in several engagements on James River ; com. steamer " Agawam," Atl. squad., 1865-6. Uamersly. Renshaw, WILLIAM B., com. U.S.N., b. N.Y. ab. 1815 ; d. Jan. 1863. Midshipm. 1831 ; lieut. 1841 ; com. 1861. He com. the squad, blockading Galveston, and blew up his ship, which had run aground near that city, rather than surrender it, and was killed by the ex plosion. Renwick, JAMES, LL.D., physicist, b. New York 1792 ; d. there Jan. 12, 1863. Col, Coll. 1807, and from 1820 to 1853 was prof. REQ 763 af chemistry and physics there. The mother of Prof. Renwick was a friend and pet of the poet Burns, who addressed to her some of his sweetest poems. In 1838 he was app. by govt. one of the commiss. for the exploration of the N. East boundary between the U.S. and New Brunswick. He was a valuable contrib. to the N. Y. Review and to the Whig Review ; wrote Biographies of Fulton, Rittenhouse, and Rum- ford, for Sparks s " Amer. Biog. ; " a " Memoir of De Witt Clinton," N.Y. 1834; a Treatise on the S team-Engine, and one on the practi cal applications of the principles of mechanics, N.Y. 1840. His "Outlines of Nat. Philos.," 2 vols. Phila. 1832, was the earliest extended work on that subject in the U.S. ; and his " Out lines of Geology," N.Y. 1838, preceded by several years any* other text-book on that sub ject. He also pub. text-books on chemistry and philosophy for the use of schools ; "Lives of Jay and Hamilton ; " and " Elements of Me chanics," 8vo, 1832. Requier, AUGUSTUS JULIAN, poet and lawyer, b. Charleston, S.C., May 27, 1825. His father was of Marseilles ; his mother the dan. of a Haytien lady, who fled to the U.S. upon the servile outbreak there. In 1844 he commenced the practice of law; in Oct. 1850 removed to Mobile, Ala. ; was in 1853 app. by Pres, Pierce dist.-atty. for the Southern Dist. of Ala. ; was re-app. by Buchanan ; resigned the office on the secession of Ala. in Jan. 1861 ; and again received the app. from the govt. of the Coafed. States a few months later. In 1842 he wrote " The Spanish Exile," a 3-act play, successfully performed in Charleston and other places, and soon after pub. " The Old Sanc tuary," a romance, was pub. Boston, 1846. Between 1845 and 1850 many of his minor poems apeared in the magazines. A coll. of his poems was pub. in Phila. in 1860 ; and " Marco Bozzaris," written in 1846, was suc cessfully produced at the Mobile Theatre. Ajjpleton . Revere, PAUL, engraver and patriot, b. Bos ton, Jan. 1, 1735 ; d. there May 10, 1818. Of Huguenot descent, and was brought up to his father s trade of goldsmith. In 1756 he was a lieut. of art., and was stationed at Fort Edward, near Lake George. Onhis return, he established himself as a goldsmith, and acquiring, unaided, the art of copperplate engraving, was, at the revolutionary outbreak, one of the 4 engravers then in America. In 1766 he engraved a print emblematic of the repeal of the Stamp Act, which was very popular, as was also that called " The 17 Rescinders ; " in 1770 he pub. a print of " The Boston Massacre;" in 1774 another representing the landing of the British troops in Boston ; and was one of the grand jury which refused to act because of the action of parlia ment in making the judge independent of the people. In 1775 he engraved the plates, made the press, and printed the bills, of the paper- money ordered by the Ms. Prov. Congress. By that body he was sent to Phila. to visit the powder-mill there, and learn the art of making powder, and on his return set up a mill with complete success. He was one of those who planned and executed the destruction of the lea in Boston harbor ; and on the night of April 18, 1775, Warren despatched him by way of Charlestown to give notice of the British exped. to Concord. " The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere " is the title of one of Longfellow s poems. He was in the unfortunate Penobscot exped. of 1779. He was lieut.-col. of a regt. of art. in the State service, and, as grand mas ter of Freemasons, had extensive influence. After the war, he was engaged in the casting of church-bells and cannon; and in 1795 as sisted at the laying of the corner-stone of the Boston State House. He erected the extensive works at Canton, Ms., for the rolling of copper, which business is continued by his successors, the " Revere Copper Co." First pres. of the Ms. Charitable Assoc. PAUL JOSEPH his grand son, b. Boston, Sept. 10, 1832, d. Westmin ster, Md., July 4, 1863, of a wound received at Gettysburg. H.U. 1852. Maj. 20th Ms. Vols. July 1, 1861 ; col. Apr. 14, 1863; wounded and made prisoner at Ball s Bluff; exchanged in Apr. 1862, and served in the Army of the Po tomac until his death. His bro. E. H. R. Re vere, surgeon of his regt., was killed at An tie- tarn, Sept. 17, 1862; b. July 23, 1827; M.D. Harv. Med. School, 1849. Harv. Mem. Biog. Reynolds, IGNATIUS ALOYSIUS, D.D., R. C. bishop of Charleston, S.C., b. near Bards- town, Ky., of an old Md. family, Aug. 22, 1798; d. Charleston, March 6, 1855. His par ents were among the early settlers of Ky. He completed his education at St. Mary s Coll., Bait. ; rilled various eccles. offices in his native State; was long vicar-gen, to Bishop Flaget; rector of St. Joseph s Coll., and pres. of the Nazareth Female Institute of Ky. ; consec. bishop of Charleston, March 18, 1844. Reynolds, JOHN, a British admiral, and colonial gov. of Ga. ; d. a rear-adm. of the Blue, Jan. 1776. App. gov. of Ga. Aug. 6, 1754, he landed at Savannah Oct. 29, and resigned Feb. 1757 on account of disagreement with the council. He secured the friendship of the In dians; established courts of judicature there; and Jan. 7, 1755, called together the first legisl. of Georgia. Reynolds, JOHN, politician, gov. 111. 1830- 4, b. Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 26, 1789, of Irish parents, who landed at Phila. in 1786 ; d. Belleville, 111., May 8, 1865. He belonged to a company of scouts in the campaigns of 1812-13 against the Indians; practised law in Cahokia; was a justice of the Supreme Court of 111. in 1818; was a member of the legisl. in 1826-30, 1846-8, 1852-4; speaker of the house 1852-4. Com. 111. volunteers in May and June, 1832, during the Black Hawk war; was M.C. in 1835-7 and 1839-43. He pub. "Pioneer History of Illinois," 1848; " Glance at the Crystal Palace, and Sketches of Travel," 1854 ; " My Life and Times," 1855; and at one time conducted the Belleville Ear/le, a daily paper. He was a Democ. of the con servative school. Reynolds, GEN. JOHN FULTON, b. Lan caster, Pa., 1820; killed at Gettysburg 1 July, 1863. West Point, 1841. Entering the 3d Art., he became 1st lieut. 18 June, 1846 ; brev. capt. for Monterey 23 Sept. 1846, and major for Buena Vista 23 Feb. 1847 ; capt. 13 Mar. 1855, and disting. in actions with Indians neat 764 Rogue River, Oregon, in 1856; lieut.-col. 14th Inf. 14 May, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. 20 Aug. 1861 ; maj.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; and col. 5th U.S. Inf. 1 June, 1863. Assigned in Aug. 1861 to the com. of the 1st brig, of the Pa. Re serve Corps. Attached early in 1 862 to the Army of the Potomac, he fought at Mechanicsville and at Gaines s Mill, where he was taken prisoner, and for these services was brev. col. and brig.- gen. U.S.A. Released soon after, he com. a div. at the battle of Manassas, Aug. 29, 30, and took com. of the 1st army corps in Dec., and led it at Fredericksburg. With a portion of the left wing of Meade s army, which he commanded, consisting of Wadsworth s div. and Buford s cavalry, he encountered the van of Lee s forces at Gettysburg on July 1, 1863, and was killed at the beginning of that decisive battle. Reynolds, JOHN N., author of a " Voyage of the U. S. Frigate Potomac, 1831-4," N.Y. 1835 ; "Pacific and Indian Oceans," &c., 8vo, 1841. A prominent advocate of the exploring exped. to the Pacific and South Seas, on which subject he pub. an address in 1836 ; and has contrib. several spirited nautical sketches to the Knickerbocker Magazine. Reynolds, JOSEPH, M.D. of H.U. 1827, b. Wilmington, Ms. Author of" Prize Essay on Manures ; " " Agricultural Survey of Mid dlesex Co., Ms. ; " "Peter Gott, the Cape- Ann Fisherman," 1856; "Gen. Hist, of the Indep. Odd Fellows Soc.," 8vo, 1842. He contrib. many articles to the Boston Med. Jour, and Jour, of National Med. Assoc. Allibone. Reynolds, JOSEPH JONES, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ky. West Point, 1843. Assist. prof, there 1846-55 ; 1st lieut. 3d Art. 3 Mar. 1847; resigned 28 Feb. 1857; prof, mechanics and engr. Washington U., St. Louis, 1856-60; col. 10th Ind. Vols. 27 Apr. ; brig.-gen. vols. 17 May, 1861; maj.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; col. 26*th Inf. 28 July, 1866. He was in vari ous actions in West Va. in 1861 ; in campaign of Army of the Cumberland 1862-3 ; engaged at Hoover s Gap, Chickamauga, as chief of staff, Oct.-Dec. 1863 ; com. 19th corps 7 July, 1864, and organized forces for capture of Mo bile and Fts. Gaines and Morgan ; com. dept. of Ark. Nov. 1864 to Apr. 25, 1866; brev. brig.-gen, and maj.-gen. U.S.A., 2 Mar. 1867, for Chickamauga and for Missionary Ridge ; tr. to 3d Cav. 16 Dec. 1870. Cullum. Reynolds, THOMAS, jurist, and gov. of Mo. 1840-4, b. Bracken Co., Ky., March 12, 1796; d Jefferson City, Feb. 9, 1844. He es tablished himself in Illinois when young, and was elevated to the bench of the Supreme Court after filling the posts of clerk of the house, atty.-gen., and speaker of the house. In 1828 he removed to Mo., where he was a mem ber of the State legisl., and pres. judge of a court of justice. He subsequently became a monomaniac; and, to escape the fancied or real opposition of political rivals, he committed suicide. Reynolds, WILLIAM MORTON, D.D., b. Fayette Co., Pa., 1812. Jeff. Coll. 1832. He took orders in the Lutheran Church. Prof, in Pn. Coll. 1833-50; pres. of Capital U., Ohio, 1850-7, and of 111. State U. 1857 ; ord. in Prot.-Ep. Church 1864. In 1840 he estab. and edited the Evang. Mag.; edited the Literary Record in 1845; and in 1849 established and edited, until July, 1862, the Evang. Review. He has contrib. to other periodicals. Author of " Discourses on the Swedish Churches," the " Captivi of Plautus," with introd. and notes, 1846; "Thoughts in relation to the 111. State University ; " and addresses and dis courses on several occasions. Allibone. Rhees, MORGAN JOHN, D.D., b. Glamor ganshire, Wales, 1760 ; d. Somerset, Pa., 1804. Baptist minister at Peny-Garn. Emig. to the U.S. in 1794, and settled in Beulah, and after ward in Somerset. Editor of the Welsh Treas ury, and the author of Welsh Lyrics, pub. in Wales, and of some orations and discourses pub. in Pa. His son MORGAN J., D.D., an eminent Baptist minister of Phila., d. Williams- burg, N.Y., Jan. 15, 1853, a. 49. Allibone. Rnett, ROBERT BARNWELL, lawyer and M.C., b. Beaufort, S.C., Dec. 24, 1800. Son of James and Marianna Smith, and adopted the name of Rhett, a colonial ancestor, in 1837. Received a liberal education, and adopted the law as a profession ; was elected to the State legisl. in 1826; in 1 832 atty.-gen. of S.C., acting with the ultra wing of the State-rights party during the nullification movement ; M.C. 1838- 49 ; and U.S. senator in 1850 and 51. He is said to have been the first man who proposed and advocated on the floor of Congress a dis solution of the Union. He was a leading mem ber of the State convention, which, Dec. 20, 1860, passed an ordinance of secession. He was a delegate to the convention of seceding States at Montgomery, and was chairman of the committee by which the constitution of the Confederate States of America was reported ; afterward a member of the Confed. Congress. His political views have been given to the public in the Charleston Mercury, a newspaper owned by himself, and conducted by his son, R. B. Rhett, jun.; d. St. James Par., La., Sept. 14, 76. Rhind, ALEXANDER GOLDEN, captain U.N.S., b. N.Y. Sept. 3, 1821. Midshipm. Sept. 3, 1838 ; lieut. Feb. 17, 1854 ; com. Jan. 2, 1863; capt. 1870. Attached to the home squadron, and present at Alvarado and Tabas co, Mexican war; coast-survey 1849-50 and 1851-4; com. gunboat "Crusader," and en gaged in various affairs offS.C. in 1862; com. iron-clad " Keokuk " in attack on defences of Charleston, Apr. 17, 1863, which received 19 shots at and near her water-line, and sunk next day; com. "Paul Jones," S. A. B. squad., 1863, and took part in various attacks on Fort Wag ner and other defences of Charleston; com. "Agawam," N.A.B. squad., 1864-5, and en gaged 3 Confed. batteries at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 13, 1864, for which he was thanked by the dept. ; engaged in the perilous explosion of the powder-boat "Louisiana," near Fort Fisher, Dec. 23, l8G4.Hamersly. Rodes, GEN. ROBERT EMMET, b. Lynch- burg, Va., 1826 ; killed in battle at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. Va. Milit. Inst. 1848; prof, in that institution until his removal to Ala. Capt. of the Mobile Cadets in 1861 ; then col. 5th Ala. Regt. ; promoted to brig.-gen. soon after the first battle of Manassas ; wounded at 765 RIG Seven Pines and Sharpsburg ; fought at Fred- ericksourg and Chancellorsville, where he be came maj.-gen. ; served through the Pa. cam paign; with Early in the defence of Lynch- burg ; and with the Army of the Valley, com manding one of its two army corps, until he fell. Biall, SIE PHINEAS, a British gen.; d. Paris, Nov. 10, 1851. Ensign 92d Foot, Jan. 1794; Jan. 1, 1800, lieut.-col. by brev. ; com. a brigade in the expedition against Martinique, against Saintes in 1809, and at the capture of Guadaloupe in Feb. 1810 ; June 4, 1813, he be came maj.-gen. ; in Sept. he was ordered to Canada, serving on the Niagara frontier; com. at the battle of Chippewa, where he was wound ed, and at the severely-contested battle of Lun- dy s Lane, 24 July, 1814. In Feb. 1816 he was app. gov. of Granada, and attained the full rank or gen. in 1841. Morgan. Ribault (re-bo), JEAN, a French navigator, who led the first colony to Florida, b. Dieppe ab. 1 520 ; killed in Fla. 1565. Admiral Coligny, having determined to found a Huguenot colony in Amer., fitted out two vessels for an exped. to Fla., giving the com. to Ribault, who sailed from Havre do Grace, Feb. 18, 1562, and early in May anchored in Port-Royal harbor. A fort was built south of the present site of Beau fort, and named Caroline, in honor of the king of France ; and 26 colonists were left in pos session, who, when reduced to the point of star vation, set sail in a crazy bark, and were picked up by an English ship. An expedition under Laudonniere sailed in April, 1564, and on the River May, now called the St. John s, built a fort, also called Caroline. After great suffer ing, thoy were on the point of returning to France, when Ribault, who left Dieppe May 22, 1565, arrived with a fleet of 7 vessels. Scarce ly had he anchored, when a Spanish fleet, un der Menendez, appeared, with orders from the king to "gibbet and behead all the Protestants in those regions." The French fleet, unpre pared for battle, cut its cables, and escaped. The Spaniards repaired to St. Augustine, where Ribiult, against the advice of his officers, de termined to attack them. A terrible storm wrecked his vessels on the coast of Fla., near Cape Canaveral, ab. 100 miles S. of St. Augus tine. In the mean time, Menendez surprised the garrison of Fort Caroline, and massacred near"200 of both sexes. Ignorant of their fate, Ribault endeavored to reach the fort, but fell into the hands of Menendez, and, with nearly all his party, was massacred. A French exped. under DC Gonrgne, in 1567,in retaliation, seized two forts near the St. John s, and the important fort of St. Mateo, and hanged all their prisoners on the same tree upon which his countrymen had been executed by Menendez. A vol. of 42 pages, now extremely rare, being an Eng. trans lation of the report of his first voyage, made by Ribault to Coligny, was pub. in London un der the title of " The Whole and True Discov- erye of Terra Florida, &c. ; written in French by Capt. Ribauld, the first that whollye discov ered the same, and now newly set forthe in Englishe the XXX. of May, 1563." Bice, ALEXANDER HAMILTON, a leading merchant of Boston, and M.C. 1859-67, b. New ton L. Falls, Ms., 30 Aug. 1818. Tin. Coll. 1844 Son of Thomas, a papcr-manuf. Three yeara a clerk in the paper-store of Wilkins & Carter of Boston, in which firm he became a partner after graduating in 1 844 ; the present style of the firm being Rice, Kendall, & Co. Member com. council in 1856; its pros, in 1857; mayor of Boston in 1857-9, and identified with sev eral important measures for city improvements ; and chairman of the naval com. of the 38th and 39th Congresses, a position of great labor and responsibility during the Rebellion. Mr. Rice is a man of scholarly tastes, and is a graceful and fluent speaker. Bice, DAVID, b. Hanover Co., Va., 20 Dec. 1733; d. 18 June, 1816. N.J. Coll. 1761. Ord. by the presbytery of Hanover in Nov. 1762, and was settled successively in Hanover, Va., 1763-8, and in Ky., where he was the pioneer preacher, having emig. thither in Oct. 1783. Active in estab. Hamp. Sid. Coll. Author of "Essay on Baptism," 1789; "Lects. on Di vine Decrees," 1791 ; " Slavery Inconsistent," &c., a speech, 1793; "Letters on Christianity," Weekly Recorder, 1814; also sermons and epis tles. Sprague. Bice, GEORGE EDWARD, wit and poet, b. Boston, July 10, 1822 ; d. insane at Roxbury, Ms., Aug. 10, 1861. H.U. 1842. He studied and practised law. Contrib. to the N. A. Re view and other leading periodicals ; wrote sev eral humorous plays, which were acted with ap plause; pub. several humorous works, and a vol. of serious poems, called " Nugamenta." His poem, "The Present Time," was frequent ly delivered by him in public. Bice, HARVEY, poet, b. Conway, Ms., June 11, 1800. Wms. Coll. 1820. He emig. to Cleve land in 1824; opened a classical school; was adm. to the bar in 1826 ; became a representa tive in 1830, and agent for the sale of the W. Reserve school-lands; Democ. candidate for Congress in 1834 and 1836; established the Cleveland Plain-Dealer in 1829 ; member of the State senate in 1852-3 ; and author of the com mon-school system then enacted. His poems were collected in 1859, entitled "Mt. Vernon and other Poems." Contrib. to the Western Mag., Nineteenth Century, Great Republic, &c. Author of address at the Centennial Celeb, at Conway; Ms., 1867. Poets and Poetry of the West. Bice, GEN. JAMES CLAY, b. Worthington, Ms., Dec. 27, 1829 ; d. from wounds at the bat tle near Spottsylvania C. H., May 11, 1864. Y.C. 1854. In 1855 he taught in Natchez, Mpi. ; was editor of a paper there ; and, after studying law, was adm to the bar. Returning North in 1856, he practised in N. York. When the war broke out, he enlisted as a private, but by merit attained the colonelcy of the 44th N. Y. (Ellsworth s) Regt. ; was in the battles of Yorktown, Hanover C. H., Gaines s Mill, Malvern Hill, Manassas, Fredericksburg, Chan cellorsville, and at Gettysburg, where he com. a brigade, and displayed great skill and gal lantry ; brig.-gen. Aug. 17, 1863. He took part in the operations of Mine Run and the terrible battles of the Wilderness. Y. C. Obit. Record. Bice, JOHN HOLT, D.D. (N.J. 1819), a RIG 766 RIO Presbyterian clergyman, b. New London, Bed ford Co., Va., Nov. 28, 1777; d. Prince Ed ward Co., Va., Sept. 3, 1831. Wash. Coll., Va. He was in 1796-9 a tutor at Hamp. Sid. Coll.; was the founder of Un. Theol. Sem. in 1824, at the head of which he passed his last years ; and in 1817 originated and edited the Evangelical and Lit. Mag. The prime of his life was spent as a pastor in Richmond. He labored much, and with success, among the negro slaves. Emi nent as a writer and as a pulpit-orator. He pub. "Memoirs of S. Davies; "An Illustra tion of the Presb. Church in Va.," 1816; "Me moir of Rev. J. B. Taylor/ 1830; " Consid erations on Religion," 1832. His Life by Dr. Wm. Maxwell was pub. Phila. 1835. Sprague. Rice, LUTHER, a Baptist clergyman, b. Northborough, Ms., Mar. 25, 1783; d. Edge- field Dist., S.C., Oct. 25, 1836. Wms. Coll. 1810; And. Theol. Sem. He was one of the first who devoted themselves to the missionary, service in Asia. Ord. at Salem, Feb. 6, 1812, and sailed for Calcutta a few days after ; be came a Baptist, and returned to Amer. in Mar. 1813 to enlist the Baptist denomination in the cause of foreign missions. He labored in that cause several years with success ; then settled in Va. ; was instrumental in founding Colum bian Coll., D.C., and was for 10 or 12 years its agent and manager. He wrote many appeals and addresses. See Memoir in Chris. Review, vi. 321. Bice, N. L., D.D, pastor Central Presb. Ch., Cin., and afterward of the Second Presb. Ch., St. Louis, and the Fifth-ave. Ch., New York. Has pub. Debates, on Baptism, with Rev. Alex. Campbell ; on Universal Salvation, with Rev. E. Pringree; and on Slavery, with Rev. J. A. Blanchard, 1 845 ; " Romanism the Ene my of Free Institutions," 1851; "The Signs of the Times," 1855; "Baptism," 1855; "Our Country and the Church/ 1861; "The Pul pit," 1862; "Discourses," 1862; "God Sove reign, Man Free," 1870; d. Dunville, June, 77. Bice, GEN. SAMUEL A., b. N.Y. ; d. Os- kaloosa, Io., 6 July, 1864, of wounds at the battle of Salem River, Ark. Col. 33d Iowa Vols., and conspicuous at the battle of Helena, where he com. a brigade ; brig.-gen. 4 Aug. 1 863 ; took an honorable part in every battle of the campaigns of 1863-4 in Ark. until fatally wounded. Rice, THOMAS D. (" Jim Crow "), b. N.Y. May 20, 1808; d. there Sept. 19, 1860. A carver by trade. He joined a theatrical com pany in 1829, and, by his excellent imitations of the negro, soon attained celebrity. In 1836 he played Jim Crow at the Surrey, Lond., with extraordinary success. After his return to the U.S., he played as a star in the principal cities. He composed " Bone Squash," a burlesque opera, and a negro extravaganza on the plot of Othello, both of which were very successful. Brown s Amer. Stage. Rich, OBADIAH, a Lond. bookseller, b. Boston, Ms., 1783; d. London, Jan. 20, 1850. He went to Spain when young, and for some time filled the situation of U.S. consul at Valentia. While in Spain, he formed a rich col lection of rare and valuable works relating to Spanish America. Mr. Tieknor, in his " His tory of Spanish Literature," makes honorable mention of his services and knowledge. He pub. "Bibliotheca Americana," 2 vols. 8vo, 1835. Richard, GABRIEL, a French missionary, b. Saintes, Oct. 15, 1764; d. Detroit, Sept. 13, 1832, of cholera. Educated at the Coll. of Augers. He became a priest in 1790; came to the U.S. in 1792 to teach mathematics at the Coll. of Baltimore, but was sent by Bishop Carrol as a missionary to Kaskaskia, 111. He went to Detroit in 1798, where he officiated as grand vicar of the bishop of O., and under took fora short time the publication, in French, of a periodical entitled Essais du Michigan. During the war of 1812, he fell into the hands of the English; was sent to Sandwich, U.C. ; and was the means of saving several prisoners from the cruelty of the Indians. Sent as a delegate to Congress in 1823, he consecrated his salary to pious purposes. He spoke and wrote 7 different languages ; was a man of great benev olence, and was ardently attached to Ameri can institutions and the principles of liberty. He pub. in French some Catholic books, and the Laws of the Territory. Richards, JAMES, D.D. (Y.C. 1815), Presb. clergyman, b. New Canaan, Ct., 29 Oct. 1766; d. Auburn, Aug. 2, 1843. Descended in the 4th generation from Samuel, a Welsh man, who settled near Stamford, Ct, Edu cated at Yale, from which in 1794 he received an hon. degree. In 1794 he became the pastor of the First Presb. Church in Morristown, N. J., and in 1809 of the church of Newark, N. J. ; app. prof, in the Theol. Sem., Auburn, N.Y., in 1823. His Lectures, with a Memoir by S. H. Gridley, were pub. in N.Y. in 1846. A selection of 20 sermons, with an essay on his character by William B. Sprague, D.D., was pub. 1849. Richards, MAJOR JOHN, b. Eng. ; d. Bos ton, Apr. 2, 1694. Son of Thomas of Dor chester in 1630. Was a member of the A. & H. Art. Co., Boston, 1644. In 1649-53 was an Indian trader at Arrowsic Island, Kennebec, but became an opulent merchant in Boston. He was sergeant-major of the Suffolk regt. in 1683-9; treasurer of H.U. 1672-85; represen tative for Newbury 1671-3, for Hadley 1675, Boston 1679-80, and speaker; assist. 1*680-6; judge of the Superior Court 1692 ; and coun cillor from 1692 till his death. He had been with Dudley an agent in Eng. He bequeathed legacies of 100 each to H.U., the town of Boston, and the Second Church. Richards, JOHN, D.D. (D.C. 1845), a prominent Cong, clergyman, b. Farmin^ton, Ct., May 14, 1797; d. Hanover, N.H., Mar. 29,1859. Y.C. 1821; Andover, 1824. Ord. at Windsor, Vt, 1827, having been for 3 years an agent of the Board of Foreign Missions. In 1830-9 he was assoc. editor of the Vermont Chronicle; was installed at Hanover in 1841 ; had been for several years sec. of the N.H. Edu cation Society ; wrote extensively for periodi cals ; and began a series of biogs. (completed and pub. by Dr. Chapman) of graduates of D.C. Richards, WILLIAM, missionary, b. Plain- field, Ms., Aug. 22, 1792; d. Honolulu, Dec. 7, 1847. Williams Coll. 1819 ; And. Sem. 1822. Nov. 19, 1822, he embarked from N RIG 767 Haven as a missionary to the Sandwich Is lands. In 1838 he became councillor, as well as interpreter and chaplain to the king, and, after the recognition of the independence of the islands by foreign powers, was sent as am bassador to Eng. and other courts. Returning in 1845, he was app. minister of public instruction. Richards, WILLIAM C., Baptist minister, b. Lond. 1817. Madison U., N.Y., 1840. Emig. to Amer. in 1831 ; lived 15 years in Ga. and S.C., and has since 1853 been stationed in N.Y. Author of " A Day in the Crystal Palace," 1853 ; " Harry s Vacation," 1854 ; " Election," 1858; "Memoir of George N. Briggs," 1866. He edited the Orion May. 3 years; Georgia. Illustrated, 1842; Southern Lit. Gazette 5 years ; Schoolfellow 6 years. Contrib. to vari ous periodicals. His wife (formerly CORNELIA II. BRADLEY, b. Hudson, N.Y., 1822, m. in 1341) has contrib. to the periodicals edited by her husband, and has pub. some books under the noin deplume of Mrs. Manners. Alliliom. Richardson, ALBERT DEANE, author and journalist, b. Franklin, Ms., Oct. 6, 1833 ; assas. i n New York, Dec. 2, 1869. At 17 he went to Pittsburg, Pa., where he taught, and wrote for the press ; he afterwards wrote for the Cincin. papers ; went to Kansas as corresp. of the Bos ton Journal, and while there acted as sec. of the Terr, legisl., and adj.-gen. He was afterward a corresp. of the Tribune during the war, and, after 20 months in Confed. prisons, escaped Dec. 18, 1864. His account of this is in his " Field, Dungeon, and Escape." He visited California in 1865, and on his return wrote " Beyond the Mississippi," which had a large sale. He also ub. in 1868 a "Life of General Grant." In 1567 he made the acquaintance of Mrs. McFar- land, and by his attentions excited the jealousy of her husband, who attempted to murder him in March, 1868. Mrs. McFarland obtained a divorce in the autumn of 1869. Nov. 26 Mc Farland shot Richardson in the Tribune office, and was tried for murder, but acquitted on the ground of insanity. Before Richardson s death, the marriage-ceremony was performed between him and Mrs. McFarland. This lady, nee Abby Sage, pub. in 1871 "Stories from Old Eng. Poetry/ Richardson, GEN. ISRAEL B., b. Burling ton, Vt., 1819; d. Sharpsburg, Md., Nov. 3, 1862. West Point, 1841. He was a descend ant of Gen. Israel Putnam. Entering the 3d Inf., he served in the Florida war; became 1st lieut. Sept 21, 1846; brev. capt. and major for gallantry at Contreras, Churubusco, and Cha- pultepec ; capt. March 5, 1851 ; resigned Sept. 30, 1855, and settled in Mich. When the civil war broke out, he became col. 2d Mich. Vols. ; took a prominent part at the battles of Black burn s Ford, July 18, and Bull Run, July 21, in both of which he com. a brigade; bng.-gen. vols. May 17, 1861; com. a division in Sum- ner s army corps in the Peninsular campaign with great gallantry ; was made maj. -gen. July 4, 1 862 ; covered the retreat of the army after the second battle of Manassas, Aug. 30 ; fought at South Mountain and Antietam, in the latter of which he rendered the most important ser vices, and received a wound in the shoulder, from the effect of which he died. Richardson, SIR JOHN, a British natu ralist, b. Dumfries, Scot. 1787; d. June 5, 1865. Surgeon in Capt. Franklin s arctic expeds. of 1819 and 25. In 1848 he led an exped. in search of that navigator. He pub. " Zoology of the Northern Parts of Brit. America," 2 parts, 1829-37 ; "Journal of a Boat- Voyage through Rupert s Land to the Arctic Sea," c., 1851 ; and " Notes on the Natural Hist, of the Last Arctic Voyages," &c., 1852-4. Richardson, MAJ. JOHN, b. Brit. Ameri ca. Was made a prisoner in the battle of the Thames ; subsequently served in Spain, in the British Legion ; resided some years in Paris, where he wrote "J&carte ;" and removed to Canada, and finally to the U.S., where he wrote for the press until his death. Also au thor of " Wacousta, or the Prophecy," 1833 ; "War of 1812," 8vo, 1842; " Eight" Years in Canada," 8vo, 1847 ; " Matilda Montgomerie," 8vo, 1851; "Westbrook, or the Outlaw;" " Wau-man-gee, or the Massacre of Chicago," 1852 ; " The Fall of Chicago," 1856 ; " Cana dian Brothers." He established a newspaper in Upper Canada. Allibone. Richardson, JOHN PETER, gov. of S.C. 1840-2, b. Hickory Hill, Sumter Dist., S.C., Apr. 14, 1801. S.C. Coll. 1810. Grandson of Gen. Richard. Member of the State legisl. in 1824-36; M.C. in 1836-40; during the nul lification excitement he was one of the leaders of the Union party, and, in the convention which passed the ordinance of nullification, steadily opposed that measure; in 1850 he was one of the delegates at large from S.C. to the Southern convention; and in 1851 presided over the meeting of the Southern-Rights Assoc. in Charleston. He opposed the separate seces sion of the State in the State convention at Columbia in 1852. Richardson, NATHANIEL SMITH, D.D. (Rac. Coll. 1857),Prot.-Ep. clergyman, b. Mid- dlebury, Ct., 1810. Y. C. 1834. Author of " Pastor s Appeal ; " " Reasons why I am a Churchman," 1843; "Hist, of Watertown, Ct.," 1845; "Churchman s Reasons," &c., 1845; "Reasons why I am not a Papist," 1847; ^Evidences of Religion," 1850; "Spon sor s Gift," 1852. Founder and editor Amer. Ch. Review since 1848. Allibone. Richardson, GCN. RICHARD, Revol. pa triot, b. near Jamestown, Va., 1704; d. near Salisbury, S. C., in Sept. 1781. He was a land- surveyor in Va. ; afterwards a farmer in Cra ven Co., S.C. ; and, during the Indian border wars, com. a regt. Member of the council of safety at Charleston in 1775; and, for his ser vices in quelling a dangerous loyalist revolt in the " back country," received the thanks of the Prov. Congress, and was promoted to brig.-gen. Member of the legisl. council of 1776 ; and in the Prov. Cong, of S.C. assisted m forming her constitution. Lord Cornwallis made fruirless efforts to gain him over to the royal cause. Made prisoner at the capture of Charleston, he returned from the prison of St. Augustine only to die. His son JAMES B. was gov. of S.C. in 1802-4. His eldest son com. Marion s right wing at Eutaw, and was wounded. Richardson, WILLIAM A., lawyer and politician, b. Fayette Co., Ky. Transyl. U. RIG 768 Studied law, and came to the bar at 19 ; State attorney in 1835; member State legisl. 1836, 38, and 44; speaker of the house in 1844. Having removed to 111., he was capt. in Hardin s regt. vols. in Mexican war; disting. in battle of Buena Vista, and elected maj. in Feb. 1847. M.C. from 111. 1847-55; gov. of Nebraska Terr. 1858-60 ; re-elected to Congress in 1860, and, on the death of Stephen A. Douglas, suc ceeded him in the U.S. sen.; d. Dec. 28, 1875. Kichardson, WILLIAM MERCHANT, LL.D. (D.C. 1827), jurist, b. Pelham, N.H., Jan. 4, 1774; d. Chester, N.H., March 23, 1838. H.U. 1797. Practised a few years at Groton, Ms.; was M.C. 1811-14, and removed to Portsmouth, N. H. Disting. at the bar, he was chief justice of the Supreme Court of N.H. 1816-38; author of the N.H. Justice and the Town-Officer. A considerable portion of the N.H. Reports, vols. 1 and 2, was drawn up by him ; he furnished nearly all the cases of the 3d. 4th, and 5th, and he prepared a large share of the matter for several volumes more. See Life of, ISmo, Concord, N.H., 1839. Hiche (re f -sha r ), JEAN BAPTISTE, pres. of Hayti, Mar. 1846 to his d. Feb. 1847; b. Cape Hay tien ab. 1780. He served as a general under Christophe. P,ichingS, CAROLINE MART, vocalist, b. Eng. ; came with her parents to the U.S. when quite young, and was the adopted dau. of the veteran actor, Peter Richings. First appeared as a pianist, Nov. 20, 1847, in Phila. ; and in the opera of " The Child of the Regiment," at the Walnut-st. Theatre, Feb. 9, 1852. First app. as a comedienne. Mar. 21, 1853, at the Walnut St., as Stella in the comedy of " The Prima Donna," for the benefit of Peter Rich- iijgs. First app. in Italian opera at the Phila. Acad. Mar. 7 5 1857, as Adalgisa in "Norma." A member of the Walnut-st. company in 1857- 9 ; since then a star ; and now manageress of the Richings Eng. Opera Troupe. Married Dec. 25, 1867, to P. Bernard, at Boston. Brown s Amr-r. Staye. Richings, PETER, actor, b. Kensington, Eng., 19 May, 1797; d. Media, Pa., 19 Jan. 1871. Son of a capt. in the British navy, and liberally educated. Made his Amer. debut at the Park Theatre, N.Y., 25 Sept. J821, as Henry Bertram, and many years a leading favorite there. In 1 840 he became stage-man ager of the Chestnut-st. Theatre, Phila. Richmond, CHARLES GORDON LENNOX, fourth duke of, b. 1 764 ; gov.-gen. of Canada from May 9, 1818, to his d. Aug. 28, 1820. He had previously been lord-lieut. of Ireland. Richmond, DEAN, political manager, b. Barnard, Vt., March 31, 1804; d. N.Y. City, Aug. 27, 1 866. He was named after his grand father, Elkanah Dean of Taunton, Ms. His educational advantages were few; but he had a retentive memory, and was a great reader. Early in life, he took an active part in politics, and became a Democ. leader, but, while he aided in the bestowal of office, would never accept office or public honors of any kind. At the age of 1 5 he began the manuf. of salt at Salina, N.Y. ; made money, and in 1842 removed to Buffialo, where, enaging in the produce-business, he bacame quite wealthy. He became a direct or in the Attica and Buffalo Railroad, and, OL the consolidation of the N.Y. Central Roads in 1853, vicc-pres. of that corporation, and in 1 864 president. Richmond, JAMES COOK, an Epis. cler gyman, b. Providence, R.I., 1808; murdered at Poughkeepsie, N.Y., 20 July, 1866. H.U. 1828. Author of a "Visit to lona," 1846; "A Midsummer Day Dream ;" and "Meta- comet," canto 1 of an epic poem. He studied at Gottingen and Halle. Ord. deacon at St. John s Ch., Providence, B. I., 12 Oct. 1832; priest 13 Nov. 1833*; was a missionary in Me. and 111. 1834-5; was rector of churches in different cities, and, while settled at Milwnukio, became in 1861 chaplain 2d Wis. Vols. He had at various times travelled over a great part of Europe. He pub. a pamphlet at Boston under the anagram of " Admonish Crime." RickettS, JAMES BREWERTON, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. City. West Point, 1839. Entering the 1st Art., he became 1st Heut. 21 Apr. 1 846 ; served in Mexico, participating in the battles of Monterey and Buena Vista ; be came capt. 3 Aug. 1852; was engaged against the Mexican bandit Cortinas in Nov. 1859; placed in com. of the first battery of rifled guns when the civil war began, he disting. himself in the first battle of Bull Run, where he, was severely wounded, taken prisoner, and confined 8 months in Richmond. He was then exchanged ; made brig.-gen. of vols., dat ing from the battle of Bull Run ; was placed in com. 2d div. 3d army corps in the Army of Va.; was wounded in the second Bull-Run bat tle ; and at Antietam led Gen, Hooker s corps after that general was wounded. Maj. June 1, 1 863. He was engaged in the Richmond cam paign, Mar.-July, 1864, and in the Shenandoah campaign, July-Oct. 1864; brev. licut.-col. 21 July, 1861, for Bull Run; col. 3 June, 1864, for "Cold Harbor ; brig.-gen. for Cedar Creek, and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 ; retired (as a maj.- gen.) 3 Jan. 1867. Outturn. Ricord, MRS. ELIZABETH, teacher in Genesee, N.Y., 1828-47, and subsequently in N.Y. City until her d. 10 Oct. 1865, a. 78. Author of " Philosophy of the Mind," 12mo, and other publications. Riddell, JOHN L., M.D. (Cin. Coll. 1836), b. Ley den, Ms., 1807. App. in 1830 a lecturer, and since 1836 prof, of chemistry in the La. Med. Coll. Author of "Flora of the Western States," 8vo, 1836; "Nature of Miasm and Contagion," 8vo, 1836; "Monograph of the Silver Dollar," 8vo, 1845; "Constitution of Matter," 8vo, 1847; "Epidemic of 1853," and papers in many scientific journals. In ventor of the binocular microscope and mag- nifying-glass. See Geneal. of the Riddell Family. Riddle, GEORGE READE, U.S. senator 1864-7, b. Newcastle, Del., 1817; d. Wash ington, Mar. 30, 1867. Del. Coll. He was long engaged in constructing roads and canals, the last of which was at Harper s Ferry ; waa adm. to the bar in 1848; dep. atty.-gen. of Newcastle Co. 1848-50; M.C. 1851-5; corn- miss, of Del. to retrace Mason and Dixon s line in 1849 ; and delegate to the Democ. Nat. Conv. of 1844, 1848, and 1856. 769 Rider, GEORGE THOMAS, Epis. clergyman, b. Coventry, R.I., 1829. Trin. Coll. 1850. Author of " Plain Music for the Com. Prayer- Book," 1854; " Lyra Anglicana," 1864; "Lyra Americana," 1864. Contrib. to Lit. World, N.Y. C/turchman, &c. Allibone. Ridgely, CHARLES, physician, b. Dover, Del., Jan. 26, 1738; d. there Nov. 25, 1785. Educated at the Phila. Acad. Studied medi cine under Dr. Phineas Bond ; commenced practice at Dover in 1758, and continued there in successful practice through his life. From 1765, with few intervals, till the close of his life, he was a member of the legisl. of Del. ; was pres. judge in Kent Co. in the C.C.P., and of Quarter Sessions before the Revol. ; was a member of the State Const. Conv. in 1776; and was again called to the bench, which he occupied as long as he lived. By his first wife he had NICHOLAS, chancellor of Del. ; by his second wife he had HENRY MOORE, U.S. sena tor 1826-9, M.C. 1811-15, b. 1778, d. 7 Aug. 1847. Tliacher. Ridgely, CHARLES, of Hampton, gov. Md. 1815-18; d. July 17, 1829, a. 69. Often member of the State legisl. ; a man of large in herited fortune, liberal and hospitable. By his will he manumitted his slaves, 300 or 400 in number. Ridgely, CHARLES G., commo. U.S.N., b. Baltimore, July 2, 1784; d. Phila. Feb. 4, 1848. Midshipm. Oct. 19, 1799; was with Commo. Preble at the battle of Tripoli, and for his gallant conduct in that war received a gold medal from Congress; lieut. Feb. 2, 1807; master com. July 24, 1813; capt. Feb. 28, 1815. Ridgely, DANIEL B., commo. U.S.N. ; d. Phila. May 5, 1868; b. Ky. Entered the navy 1828; commo. 1866. Riedesel (ree -deh-ze"!), BARON FRIED- RICH ADOLPH, a German gen. in the British service, b. Lauterbach, Rhinehesse, June 3, 17.38; d. Brunswick, Jan. 6, 1800. After study ing at the College of Marburg, he became ensign of inf. in the English service ; served under Prince Ferdinand in the 7-years war, and in 1760 was capt. of the Hessian Hussars; made lieut.-col. of the Black Hussars 1762 ; adj. -gen. of the Brunswick army in 1767 ; col. of carbineers 1772; and early in 1776, as rnaj.-gen., took com. of the division of 4,000 Brunswickers hired by Great Britain. to aid in the reduction of her revolted American Colo nies. He arrived at Quebec, June 1 ; actively aided in the taking of Ticonderoga, July 6 ; secured the British victory at Hubbardton" the next day by bringing up re-enforcements ; and, taking part in the subsequent movements of Burgoyne, was made prisoner at Saratoga, Oct. 17; was exchanged in the autumn of 1780; and in Aug. 1783 returned home. Made lieut. -gen. March, 1787, he com. the Brunswick contingent serving in Holland ; retired to Lauterbach in 1793 ; and in 1794 be came com. of Brunswick. His Memoirs, Let ters, and Journals in America, by Max Von Eelking, were translated by Wm. L. Stone, and pub. 2 vols., 1868. His wife FREDERICA CHARLOTTE LOUISA, b. Brandenburg, 1746, d. Berlin, 29 Mar. 1808. Dau. of the Prus sian minister Massow ; m. at the age of 16, and 49 accomp. her husband in his Amer. campaigns Her son, the Count de Reuss, pub. " Voyage d& Mission en Amfrique, on Lettres de Mme. Riede sel," Berlin, 1799, an Eng. translation of which was pub. in N.Y. 1827, and a complete edition transl. by Wm. L. Stone, 8vo, 1867. Riley, GEN. BENNET, b. Baltimore, 1786; d. Buffalo, June 9, 1852. Entering the army at an early age, he was app. ensign in the Ri fles Jan. 19, 1813 ; capt. 5th Inf. Aug. 1818 ; maj. 4th Inf. 1837; lieut.-col. 2d Inf. Dec. 1839; col. 1st Inf. Jan. 31, 1850. In Aug. 1823 he disting. himself in an engagement under Col. Leavenworth with the Arickaree In dians ; in the battle of Chakachatta in Fla., June 2, 1840, Col. Riley was particularly dis ting. He com. the 2d "Inf. under Gen. Scott ; and in the Valley of Mexico was the com. of the 2d brigade of Twiggs s division ; was dis ting. at Cerro Gordo, for which he was hrev. brig.-gen., and owed his brev. of maj. -gen. to his gallantry at Contreras. In 1849 and 50 he com. the military dept. of Upper California. Riley, CAPT. JAMES, noted for his ship wreck and captivity among the wild Arabs on the southern coast of Africa, b. Middletown, Ct., 1775 ; d. at sea, Mar. 15, 1840. After his escape from the Arabs, and the kindness shown to him by Mr. Wiltshire atMogadore, Captain Riley had, with the exception of a residence in Van Wert County (1821-8), Ohio, con stantly traded to that port. Member of the Ohio legisl. 1823. He had a strong mind, great energy and perseverance, not easily daunted by danger, and possessed many excel lent traits of character. His narrative was drawn up by Anthony Bleecker, and pub. 1816. A sequel, containing Riley s subsequent career, was pub. by his son, W. Wiltshire Riley, 8vo, 1851. Rimmer, WILLIAM, sculptor, and lecturer on art-anatomy, b. Boston, 20 Feb. 1821. Dr. R. s medical education, together with his taste for art, led him into the career of lecturer on art-anatomy, which he has successfully culti vated in various cities, his present residence and studio being in Boston. He delivered the first course of lectures on art before the Lowell Institute, Boston ; and has lectured in the university at Cambridge, and before the Nat. Acad. of N.Y. (1870). Director of the School of Design in N.Y. 1866-70. He has produced statues of " The Falling Gladiator," " Osiris," Alex. Hamilton, and a head of " St. Stephen." Author of "Elements of Design," 8vo, 1864. Rincon, ANTOINE DEL, b. Pueblo de los Angelos; d. Mexico, 1641. Author of "Arte de la Lengua Mexicana," 12mo, Mexico, 1595. He was a Jesuit, who devoted his entire life to the conversion of the Mexicans. Ringgold, CADWALADER, rear-admiral U.S.N., b. Md. 1802; d. N.Y. City, April 29, 1867. Son of Gen. Samuel. Midshipm. Mar. 4,1819; lieut. May 17, 1828; com. July 16, 1849; capt. Apr. 2, 1856; commo. July 16, 1862 ; rear-adm. Mar. 1867. While a com., he was for a short time in charge of the surveying and exploring expedition to the N. Pacific and China seas. At the breaking-out of the Rebel lion he was transferred to the frigate " Sabine;" was engaged in blockading the Southern ports, REN" o KIT and in the various operations of the navy against Fort Royal and other ports on the Atlantic; retired Dec. 1864. Author of a series of charts, with sailing-directions, 4to, 1852. Ringgold, GEORGE HAY, lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. Hagerstown, Md., 1814 ; d. San Francisco, April 4, 1864. West Point, 1833. Major and paymaster in the Mexican war, and in 1862 became dep. paym.-gen. (rank of lieut.- col.). He was a scholar, an accomplished draughtsman, and amateur painter, and pub. in 1860 a vol. of poetry entitled " Fountain Rock, Amy Weir, and other Metrical Pas times." Rip ley, ELEAZER WHEELOCK, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Hanover, N.H., April 15, 1782 ; d. West Feliciana, La., Mar. 2, 1839. Dartm. Coil. 1800. Nephew of Pres. John Wheelock. His father Sylvanus, D. D., prof, of divinity in Dartm. Coll. 1782-7, d. Feb. 5, 1787. The son practised law on the Kennebec and in Port land, Me., where he went in 181 1 ; was a mem ber of the legisl. of Ms. in 1810-11, speaker in 1812; was State senator 1812; and was app. lieut.-col. 21st Inf.; col. March 12, 1813; and was wounded in the attack on York, U. C., April 27, 1813; was actively engaged on the frontier until April 15, 1814, when he was pro moted to the rank of brig.-gen. ; was in the following July app. to com. the second brigade of Gen. Brown s army, taking part in the bat tles of Chippewa and Niagara ; was brev. maj.- gen. as a reward for his gallant conduct and the severe wounds received in the latter of those battles. In the defence of Fort Erie, Aug. 15, and the sortie of Sept. 17, in which he was shot through the neck, he acted a con spicuous and gallant part, and for his services during the campaign was honored by Congress with a gold medal inscribed " Niagara, Chip pewa, Erie." Gen. Ripley resigned Feb. 1, 1820 ; practised law in La. ; was a member of the State senate ; and M.C. in 1835-9. He pub. an oration, July 4, 1805. Ripley, EZRA, D.D. (H.U. 1816), a Uni tarian minister, b. Woodstock, Ct., May 1, 1751 ; d. Concord, Ms., Sept. 21, 1841. H.U. 1776. He spent some time in teaching ; offici ated a short time as a chaplain in the army ; and Nov. 11, 1778, was ord. pastor of one of the largest congregations of Ms., located in Concord, preaching for the last time, May 1, 1841, his ninetieth birth-day. He pub. several occas. sermons, and " A History of the Fight at Concord," 1827. Ripley, GEORGE, critic, and man of let ters, b. Greenfield, Ms., Oct. 3, 1802. H.U. 1823; Camb. Divinity School, 1826. Pastor of the 13th Cong. (Unit.) Church, Boston, 8 Nov. 1826-28 Mar. 1841. Prominent in the socialist experiment at Brook Farm (Roxbury, Ms.) in 1844-6, and in 1847 removed to N.Y. City. Associate editor, with R. W. Emerson and Margaret Fuller, of the Dial, 1840-1 ; editor of the Harbinger (a Fourierite organ) 1844-8; and since 1849 lit. editor of the N.Y. Tribune. Assoc. editor with C. A. Dana of Appleton s New American Cyclopaedia (1857- 62). Author of Discourses on the Philos. of Religion, 8vo, 1836; Letters to Andrews Nor ton on " The Latest Form of Infidelity," 1840. Edited " Specimens of Foreign Standard Lite rature," 1838-42, 14 vols. ; with Bayard Taylor, " Hand-Book of Literature and the Fine Arts, " 1852 and 1857. Ripley, HENRY JONES, D.D. (U. of Ala. 1844, H.U. 1845), clergyman, b. Boston, Ms., Jan. 28, 1798. H.U. 1816; And. Sem. 1819. He was ord. in Boston in 1819 ; and for 7 years (excepting one spent in Eastport) was pastor of the North Newport Baptist Church in Liberty Co., Ga. In Sept. 1826 he was app. prof, of bibl. lit. in the Newton Theol. Inst., Ms. ; be came, seven years after, prof, of bibl. lit. and interpretation ; and, later still, prof, of sacred rhetoric and pastoral duties. He resigned in 1860. Died Newton Centre, May 21, 1875. Besides sermons, tracts, and numerous articles in reviews, magazines, &c., he pub. " Memoir of Rev. Thomas S. Winn," Boston, 1824; "Christian Baptism," 1833; "Notes on the Four Gospels," 2 vols. 1837-8 ; "Notes on the Acts of the Apostles," 1844; " Sacred Rhetoric, or Composition and Delivery of Sermons," 1849; " Notes on the Epistle to the Romans," 1857; "Notes on Hebrews," 1868; "Church Polity," 1867; " Exclusiveness of the Bap tists," 1857. Ripley, JAMES WOLFE, general U.S.A., b. Windham, Ct., 10 Dec. 1794; d. Hartford, Ct., 16 Mar. 1870. West Point, 1814. Enter ing the art., he became capt. 1 Aug. 1825; capt. of ordnance 30 May, 1832 ; maj. 7 July, 1838 ; brev. lieut.-col. for merit, conduct in the Mex. war 30 May, 1848; lieut.-col. 31 Dec. 1854; brig.-gen. and chief of ordnance dept 3 Aug. 1861 ; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865; re tired 15 Sept. 1863. He served under Jackson in the Seminole war of 1817-18; in 1823 was a commiss. for running the boundary-line of the Fla. Indian Reservation ; was two years chief of ordnance of the Pacific Dept. ; supt. of the Springfield Armory in 1841-54; and member of the ordnance board from 29 June, 1847. Ripley, ROSWELL SABIN, brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Ohio ab. 1823 ; d. Charleston, S.C., Aug. 1863. West Point, 1843. Nephew of Gen. J. W. Ripley. Entering the 3d Art., he became 1st lieut. 2d Art. Mar. 3, 1847 ; was aide-de-camp to Gen. Pillow in 1847-8; brev. capt. for gallantry at Cerro Gordo, and major for gallantry at Chapultepec; resigned Mar. 2, 1853, and took up his residence in Charleston, S.C., where he had married. Before the civil war, he had actively engaged in the military service of S.C. ; took a prominent part in the siege of Fort Sumter, became a brig.-gen., and was wounded at the battle of Antietam. Au thor of " The War with Mexico," 2 vols. N.Y. 1849. Ritchie, ANNA CORA. See MOWATT. Ritchie, ROBERT, commo. U S.N., b. Pa. 1800; d. Phila. 6 July, 1870. Midshipman I Feb. 1814 ; lieut. 13 Jan. 1825 ; com. 8 Sept. 1841; capt. 14 Sept. 1855; commo. (retired list) 1867. He com. the steam-sloop " Sara- nac," 1861-Mar. 1862. Ritchie, THOMAS, journalist, b. Tappa- hannock, Va., Nov. 5, 1778; d. Richmond, July 12, 1854. His father, a native of Scot land, and a merchant, died when Thomas was 771 6 years old. In addition to his academical studies, he devoted some time to medicine ; commenced school-keeping at the age of 21 in Fredericksburg ; removed to Richmond in 1803 ; and in 1804 became editor of a Demo cratic newspaper, subsequently called the Rich mond Enquirer. Of this paper he was the editor and proprietor forty years, exercising an influ ence, which, considering its duration, was un equalled by that of any other publication in the Union. In 1845 he relinquished the Enquirer to his two sons, having consented, at the soli citation of Pres. Polk, to assume the editorial control of the organ of his administration, a new paper called the Union, from which he retired in 1849. THOMAS, his son, editor of the Enquirer, d. May 21, 1854. Bitner, JOSEPH, gov. of Pa. 1835-9, b. 1780 ; d. Carlisle, Pa., 16 Oct. 1869. He served in the Pa. legisl. in 1820-7 ; was the unsuc cessful candidate of the anti-Masons for gov. in 1829 ; was an efficient promoter of common schools, and a disting. opponent of slavery. Rittenhouse, DAVID, LL.D. (U. of Pa. 1782), F.R.S. (1795), mathematician and as tronomer, b. near Germantown, Pa., Apr. 8, 1732; d. Phila. June 26, 1796. His great grandfather, a Hollander, established at Ger mantown ab. 1690 the first paper-mill in Amer. While working on his father s farm at Norriton, he came into possession of the tools and mathe matical books of a deceased uncle, and thor oughly mastered Newton s " Principia." Before he was 19, he discovered the method of fluxions, and for some time supposed it was original with himself. He made a clock before he was 17 without instruction, and in 1751 applied him self to that art, which he followed for some years, attracting public attention by his skill and knowledge. At 23 he planned and exe cuted an orrery, which was purchased by Princeton Coll. A second and larger one was afterward constructed by him for the U. of Pa. In 1763 he was employed to determine the initial and most difficult portion of the boun dary-line since known as Mason and Dixon s, which he did accurately with instruments of his own construction. He afterward fixed the boundaries between N.Y., N. J., and Pa., and several other States. App. by the Amer. Philos. Society to observe the transit of Venus, June 3, 1769, he was completely successful; though, at the moment of apparent contact, his emotion was so great, that he fainted. His account was pub. in the " Transactions " of the society. In 1770 he removed to Phila., where he continued his clock and mathematical- instrument making with high reputation. In 1777-89 he was treasurer of Pa.; succeeded Franklin as pres. of the Philos. Soc. in 1791; was director of the U.S. mint in 1792-5 ; mem ber of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences at Boston. A number of his pieces are to be found in the first four vols. of the " Trans." of the Philos. Soc. ; and an " Address " delivered before this body in 1775, upon the history of astronomy, was pub. by him. A Life of Rittenhouse was pub. in 1813 by his relative William Barton; and another, by Prof. James Renwick, is in Sparks s " Amer. Biog." Hitter, ABRAHAM, of Phila. ; d. 1860, a. 68. Author of " Hist, of Moravian Church in Phila. 1742-1757," 8vo, 1857; "Philadelphia and her Merchants," &c., 8vo, 1860. Alii- bone. Rivera (re-va -ra), JOSE FRUCTUOSO, a S. Amer. general and a Guacho, pres. of the Re- pub, of Uruguay 1830-4; b. ab. 1790; d. 1854. Rivers, WILLIAM JAMES, educator, b. Charleston, S.C., 1822. S.C. Coll. 1841, of which in 1856 he was chosen prof, of Greek lit., having for a number of years previous conduct ed a large private school. Author of a " Sketch of the History of S.C. to the Close of the Proprietary Govt.," 1856 ; " Catechism of the Hist, of S.C.," 1850; and of a number of con tributions to the periodical press of S.C. He has much local reputation as a poet. Apple- ton. Rives, JOHN C., editor Congressional Globe, b. Ky. ab. 1796 ; d. Georgetown, D.C., April 10, 1864. Removed to Washington in 1824. He was a self-made man, and during the early part of Jackson s administration, with Frank Blair, sen., founded the Globe. He was never a partisan, and was generous in the extreme. Rives, WILLIAM CABELL, statesman, b. Nelson Co., Va., May 4, 1793; d. near Char- lottesville, Va., April 26, 1868. Grandson of Col. Wm. Cabell. Educated at Hamp. Sid. and Wm. and Mary Colls. Studied law and politics under the direction of Thos. Jefferson ; was aide-de-camp in 1814-15 with a body of militia called out for the defence of Va. ; was in 1816 a member of the State Const. Conv. ; member of the legisl. in 1817-19 and 1822; M.C. in 1823-9; in 1829-32 minister to France; U.S. senator 1832-45; again minister to France in 1849-53; member of the peace conf. in Feb. 1861. After the secession of Va., Mr. Rives became a member of the Pro vis. Confed. Congress at Montgomery. Author of " Life and Times of James Madison," Boston, 1859-69, 3 vols. 8vo; on "Agriculture," 1842 ; "Life of John Hampden," 8vo, 1845 ; "Ethics of Christianity," 8vo, 1855; and "Discourse on the Uses and Importance of History." Mrs. WM. C. RIVES, b. Castle Hill, Albemarle Co., Va., 1802, is the author of " The Canary- Bird," 1835-6; "Residence in Europe," 1842; "Epitome of the Bible," 1846-7 ; " Home and the World," 1857. Rivington, JAMES, royalist printer and bookseller of New York during the Revol., b. Lond. ab. 1724 ; d. N.Y., July 4, 1802. As a bookseller in Lond., he acquired some property, but lost it at Newmarket. In 1760 he came to Amer., opened a shop in Phila., but in 1761 established himself in New York, where, April 22, 1773, he began to publish the New-\ork Gazetteer. "His ever open and uninfluenced press" advocated the cause of the English govt. with great zeal, and severely attacked the patriots. In May, 1775, he seems to have been placed in confinement by order of Congress, to which body he addressed a remonstrance, in which he solemnly declares, "that, however wrong and mistaken he may have been in his opinions, he has always meant honestly and openly to do his duty as a servant of the public." Nov. 1775, in consequence of his constant at- 772 ROB tacks npon the patriots, Capt. Isaac Sears, with a troop of horse, destroyed his press and other apparatus, and, carrying off the types, conveited them into bullets. Rivington then went to Eng. ; was app. king s printer in N. Y. ; returned with a new press after the city had fallen into the hands of the British ; and, in Oct. 1777, resumed the publication of his pa per, the title of which he soon changed to Rivinrjton s N. Y. Loyal Gazette, and, on Dec. 13, to the Royal Gazette. In 1781, when British success looked very doubtful, he turned spy, furnishing Washington with important infor mation ; and, when New York was evacuated, Rivington remained in the city. He changed the title of his paper to Rivington s N. Y. Gazette and Universal Advertiser. His business, how ever, declined; his paper was stopped in 1783 ; and he passed the rest of his life in compara tive poverty. He possessed much talent, fine manners, and was well informed. His was the most influential royalist journal of the times. Roane, SPENCER, jurist, b. Essex, Va., April 4, 1762; d. Sept. 4, 1822. He studied law with Chancellor Wy the and in Phila. ; was successively a member of the assembly, of the council, and of the senate ; was app. a judge of the Gen. Court in 1789, and in 1794 a judge of the Court of Errors. In 1819 he was one of the commiss. for locating the University of Va. His wife was a dau. of Patrick Henry. He was a Jeffersonian Republican, and in several essays in the Richmond Enquirer, signed "Algernon Sidney," asserted the supremacy of the State in a question of conflicting authority between Va. and the U.S. Roane, JOHN SELDEN, gov. of Ark. 1848- 52, and a brig.-gen. C.S.A.; d. Pine Bluff, Ark., April 8, 1857. Lieut.-col. of Yell s Ark. cavalry in the Mexican war; disting. at the battle of Buena Vista ; and com. the regt. after Yell was killed; made col. Feb. 28, 1847. Robbins, AMMI RUHAMAH, minister of Norfolk, Ct., from 1761 to his d.Oct. 30, 1813; b. Branford, Sept, 1740. Y. C. 1760. Son of Rev. Philemon. Chaplain in the army in Canada in 1776. He pub. a half-century ser mon 1811. Robbins, ASHUR, LL.D. (B.U. 1835), lawyer and statesman, b. Wethersficld, Ct., 1757; d. Newport, R.I., Feb. 25, 1845. Y. C. 1782. Tutor in R. I. Coll. (now Brown U.) 1783-90; then studied law in Newport, where he estab. himself in practice, and continued to reside, attaining a high rank in his profession. U.S. dist.-atty. in 1812; member State legisl. 1818-25; and U.S. senator 1825-39. Author of Oration, July 4, 1827 ; addresses and speeches. Robbins, CHANDLER, D.D. (H. U. 1855), b. Lynn, Ms., 14 Feb. 1810. H. U. 1829. Pastor of the Second (Unit.) Church, Boston, since 4 Dec. 1833. Author of " Dedication Sermon at Boston," 1845; "History of the Second Church, and of the New Brick Church," 8vo, 1 852 ; " Liturgy for a Christian Church," 1854; "Hymn-Book," 1854; Memoir of Ma ria Elizabeth Clapp, 1858; of William Ap- pleton, 1863; also sermons. Co-editor with Geo. Livermore of vols. i. and ii. Proceed. Ms. Hist. Soc. ; and co-editor Cat. of Lib. of Ms. Hist. Soc., 2 vols. 8vo. Contrib. to Christ Exam., Knickerbocker, &c. Allibone. Robbins, ROYAL, D.D., Cong, jiastor, Kensington Parish, Berlin, Ct., b. "W ethers- field, Ct., Oct. 21, 1788; d. Berlin, Ct., March 26, 1861. Y. C. 1806. Ord. June 26, 1812; dism. June 26, 1859. Author of " Outlines of History," 8vo, 1839; An Account of American Literature, in Chambers s Hist, of English Lit erature; "World Displayed;" Memoir of J. G. C. Brainerd, prefixed to an edition of his poems, and of Jas. G. Percival in " Selections of American Poetry." Ob. Rec. Yale, 1861. Robbins, THOMAS, D.D. (H. U. 1838), clergyman and antiquary, b. Norfolk, Ct,, Aug. 11, 1777; d. Colebrook, Ct., Sept. 13, 1856. Y. C. 1796. He was pastor of the church in East Windsor, Ct., in 1809-27 ; at Stamford in 1830; and in 1832-42 at Rochester, Ms. ; he afterwards resided in Hartford. In 1844 he be came librarian of the Ct. Hist. Society, of which he was a founder, to whom he donated his valuable library. In 1811 he wrote a series of papers for the Ct. Evangelical Mag. on the divines and statesmen of our early history, which were, in 1815, coll. and pub. as "First Planters of New England." He also pub. Century Sermon, Danbury, Jan. 1, 1801 ; "View of all Religions," 8vo, 1824; Tytler s Elements of Gen. History, revised and con ! in. to 1815, 12mp, 1820. Member of several hist. and antiquarian societies. A 7 . E. H. and Gen. Rea., xi. 94. Roberdeau, GEN. DANIEL, Revol. officer, b. Isle of France, 1727; d. Winchester, Va., Jan. 5, 1795. Of Huguenot ancestry. He first settled in Pa., where he built a fort at Wyo ming at his own expense, which was destroyed by the Indians. He was a lumber-merchant ; had a good education ; and was a great public favorite in Phila., where he long resided. An active patriot, he was col. of a regt., and mem ber of Congress 1777-9. Loyal Poetry of Rev. Roberdeau, ISAAC, col. U. S. topog. engs. ; d. Georgetown, D.C., Jan. 15, 1829, a. 65. Roberts, ANNA S., b. Phila. 1827 ; d. 1858. Dau. of Randall H. Rickey ; in 1852 m. Solomon W. Roberts, an eminent civil engi neer. In 1851 she pub. a vol. of poems, " For est-Flowers of the West ; " contrib. of poetry to the Columbian and Great West 1850-1. See Poets and Poetry of the West. Roberts, GEN. BENJAMIN STONE, b. Manchester, Vt., 1811. West Point, 1835. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he became 1st lieut. in 1837, but resigned 28 Jan. 1839 ; became principal engr. on the Champlain and Ogdens- burg Railroad ; and in 1841 assist, geologist of the State of N.Y. In 1842 he visited Russia to assist Col. Whistler in the construction of railroads there. Returning to the U.S. he was adm. to the bar, and settled in its practice in Iowa in 1843-6. He re-entered the army 27 May, 1846, as 1st lieut, mounted rifles; became capt. 16 Feb. 1847 ; brev. major for gallantry at Chapultepec, where he com. a storming-party ; served under Gen. Lane against the guerillas ; and was brev. lieut.-col. for his conduct at Matamoras and the Pass of Gualajara ; maj. 3d Cav. May 13, 1861. When the civil wai ROB 773 ROB began, he was with his regt. in N. Mexico, and was assigned by Col. Can by to com. the south ern dist. He defended Fort Craig against the Texan forces under Sibley; was brev. col. 21 Feb. 1862 for Valverde ; and June 1, 1862, was ordered to Washington with the trophies and reports of the campaign ; July 16 he was made brig.-gen., and assigned to Gen. Pope s Army of Va. as chief of cavalry; acting insp.- gen., dept. of the North-west, Sept.-Nov. 1862 ; com. 1st. div. 19th corps in La. June-July, 1864; chief of cavalry, dept. of the Gulf, Oct. 1864 to 24 Jan. 1865; and com. in West Tenn. Feb.-July, 1865 ; lieut.-col. 3d Cav., and retired July 28, 1866; brev. brig.-gen. Mar. 13, 65; d. Washington, B.C., Jan. 29, 1875. Roberts, COL. GEORGE WASHINGTON, b. Chester Co., Pa., Oct. 2, 1833 ; killed at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. Y.C. 1857. He prac tised law in his native county and in Chicago after 1 March, 1860. July 22, 1861, he was made maj. 42d 111. Vols., lieut.-col. in Sept., and col. at the death of Col. Webb. He espe cially disting. himself by spiking a number of guns at Island No. 10. An upper battery of the enemy prevented all boats from passing. Selecting a dark and stormy night, he, with 40 men in small boats, bravely accomplished this daring exploit. Also disting. at the battle of Farmington, at the siege of Corinth; Com. a brigade of the Army of the Mpi. in the cam paign of 1862 ; and in the battle of Stone Riv er, with his brigade, kept at bay two divisions of the enemy. While heading a successful bay onet charge of the 42d, he was killed. Y.C. Obit. Record. Roberts, ROBERT RICHFORD, D.D., a Methodist bishop, b. Frederick Co., Md., Aug. 2, 1776 ; d. Lawrence Co., Ind., March 26, 1843. With only the rudiments of a common educa tion, he was licensed to preach in 1800, and soon manifested extraordinary abilities. In 1 807 he was app. to the Light-st. Church, Bal timore ; was stationed at Georgetown in 1812, at Phila. in 1813 ; was in 1815 pres. elder of Schuylkill Dist., which then included. Phila. and its vicinity ; in 1816 was elected pres. of the Phila. conf. ; and in the following May he was elected bishop. His Life, abounding in in teresting anecdotes, was written by Rev. C. Elliot. Roberts, WILLIAM, pub. an Account of the Discovery and Natural History of Florida, 4to, 1763. Robertson, ALEXANDER, painter, sec. of the Acad. of Fine Arts ; d. New York, May 27, 1841, a. 69. Robertson, ANTHONY L., jurist, b. N.Y. City, June, 1808 ; d. Dec. 18, 1868. Col. Coll. 1825. He practised law; became assist, vice- chancellor 5th dist. in 1846 ; was afterward surrogate of the county of N.Y. ; became judge of the Superior Court in 1859, and chief justice in 1865. Robertson, GEORGE, LL.D., jurist, b. Merc-er Co., Ky.,Nov. 18, 1790; d. May 16, 1874. Alexander his father settled near Gordon s Station, Ky., in 1779; was sheriff of Mercer Co.; d. 1802. George studied at Transylv. Coll. and at Finley s Classical School, Lan caster ; began to practise law in 1809; M.C. 1817-21 ; member of the State legisl. 1822-7 speaker 1823 and 1825-7 ; sec. of state in 1828; judge of the Court of Appeals 1828; chief justice of Ky. 1829-43 ; prof, of law in Transylv. Coll. 23 years. He declined the governorship of Ark. and the missions to Co lombia and Peru. Many of his speeches, ad dresses, and other writings, have been pub. in " The Scrap-Book," 8vo, 1856. He also pub. "Biog. Sketch of Hon. John Boyle," 8vo, 1838. Robertson, JAMES, lieut.-gen. British army, b. Fifeshire, Scotland ; d. Eng. 4 Mar. 1788. App. maj. 1st batt. of the 60th Regt. Dec. 1755 ; dep. quarterm.-gen. under Gen. Abercrombie, May, 1758, and present at Louis- burg ; lieut.-col. 8 July, 1758; accomp. Am- herst to Lakes George and Champlain in 1759 ; app. to the 55th Regt.; took part in the exped. against Martinico in 1762; exchanged into the 16th Regt. in 1763, and was stationed in N.Y. until the Revol. broke out; col. in 1772; ord. to Boston in July, 1775; app. maj.-gen. in Amer. 1 Jan. 1776; col. comg. 60th Regt. 11 Jan. 1776; maj.-gen. 29 Aug. 1777 ; col. 16th Regt. 14 May, 1778; lieut.-gen. 20 Nov. 1782. At the evacuation of Boston, he not only shared in the plunder of the place, but connived at that of others. He com. the 6th brigade of Howe s army at the battle of Long Island; returned to Eng. in Feb. 1777 ; was commissioned gov. of New York 14 May, 1779 ; sworn in 23 Mar. 1780; and returned to Eng. 15 Apr. 1783. While the fate of Andre was pending, he was despatched by Clinton to Gen. Greene with the object of procuring his ex change or release, but without result. Robertson, GEN. JAMES, b. Brunswick Co., Va., June 28, 1742; d. Chickasaw Agen cy, Tenn., Sept. 1, 1814. He was one of the early pioneers to Tenn., having emig. to Wa- tauga in 1769; and was the founder of the Cumberland settlements. In 1 790 he was app. brig.-gen. and com. of the Tenn. militia. Dur ing the latter part of his life, he was U.S. agent at the Chickasaw Nation. See Hist, of Mid. Tenn., or Life and Times of Gen. Jas. Robertson, by A. W. Putnam, pres, Tenn. Hist. Soc., 8vo, 1859. Robertson, THOMAS BOLLING, gov. a* La. in 1820-2, b. Richmond, Va., 1778; a. White Sulphur Springs, Va., Oct. 5, 1828. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1807. He was U.S. dist. judge of La., and the first M.C. elected in that State 1812-18. Robertson, WILLIAM, D.D., historian, b. Borthwick, Scotland, 19 Sept. 1721 ; d. Edinburgh, 11 June, 1793. Studied theol. at Edinb. ; held various livings; became chaplain of Stirling Castle in 1759 ; principal of the U. of Edinb. in 1762; and roy. historiographer of Scotland in 1764. Author of " History of Scotland," 1759; "History of Charles V.," 1769; " History of America," 2 vols. 4to, 1777; "Hist. Disquis. concerning the Knowl edge which the Ancients had of India," 1791. He is generally accurate and impartial in the narration of events, and judicious in his esti mate of character. Roberval, JEAN FRANQOIS DE LA ROQUE, Sieur de, a nobleman of Picardy, and the first ROB 774 ROB to attempt to colonize New France after Car- tier; d. 1547. Ho was a disting. soldier, and had obtained the king s consent to govern and colonize Canada. He set out in 1542, and win tered at Stadacona (Quebec). _ He led an un successful exped. into the interior of the coun try, losing 58 men at Quebec, and one ship, which was sunk. Instead of sending succor to him, the king ordered Carder to bring him home, as his valuable services were required in Picanly, where the war then existed. He per formed several gallant exploits, but in 1647 sailed a second time for Canada with a large and valuable exped., but was wrecked on the passage, and all perished. Robeson, GEORGE MAXWELL, sec. U. S. navy; app. 25 June, 1869 ; b. N. J. 1824. N. J. Coll. 1847. Atty.-gen. N. J. 1866-9. Robie, THOMAS, M.D., b. Boston, 20 Mar. 1689; d. 28 Aug. 1729. H.U. 1708; tutor there 1 714-23, and librarian. He pub. " The Knowl edge of Christ," 1721 ; and in Phila. Trans., " Alkaline Salts," and " Venom of the Spider," 1720-4. Contrib. to mags. Son. of Wm. of Boston. At first a preacher, afterward a phy sician. Robin, CLAUDE C. ABBE, a chaplain in Kochambeau s army in Amer. during the Revol. war. Author of " New Travels through N. America in 1781," &c., 8vo, 1782, Phila.; " Voyages dans I Inte rieur de la Louisiane," &c., Paris, 3 vols. 8vo, 1807. Robinson, COL. BEVERLEY, loyalist, b. Va. 1723; d.Thornbury, Eng., 1792. Son of John, pres. of the council of Va. in 1734, and after wards speaker of the house of burgesses. Was a major under Wolfe at the storming of Que bec in 1759, and became very wealthy by his marriage with the dau. of Frederick Phillipse, the owner of an immense landed estate on the Hudson. Though opposed to the measures which led to the separation of the Colonies from the mother-country, he took sides with the loyalists when independence was declared. He removed to N. York, and raised the Loyal American Regt., of which he was col. He was concerned in the treason of Arnold ; and his country-mansion was the headquarters of the latter while arranging his nefarious project. At the conclusion of the war, he went to Eng- with a portion of his family. His son BEVER LEY (Col. Coll. 1773, and a lieut.-col. British army) settled near St. John, N.B., was a member of the council, and d. New York in 1816. This family was one of the largest losers by its loyalty. Robinson, CONWAY, b. Richmond, Va., 1 805. Author of " Forms of Practice in Va.," 8vo, 1826 ; " Law and Equity Practice in Va.," 3 vols. 8vo, 1832-9 ; " Reports Ct. of Appeals and Gen. Ct.," 1842-4, 2 vols. 8vo ; " Account of Discoveries in the West/ &c., 8vo, 1848; " Views of the Constitution of Va.," 8vo, 1850 ; " Practice in English and U.S. Cts.," 4 vols. 8vo, 1860. One of the revisers of the Va. code, 1849, and a contrib. to Ayier. Jurist, Law Mag., and So. Lit. Messenger. Allibone. Robinson, EDWARD, D.D. (D.C. 1831, U. of Halle 1842), LL.D. (Y.C. 1844), bibli cal scholar, b. Southington, Ct., Apr. 10, 1794; d. New York, Jan. 27, 1863. Hain. Coll. 1816; tutor there 1817. Married a dau. of S. Kirkland the missionary, who died in 1819 Continuing his studies at Clinton till 1821, he went to Andover to pub. the first 6 books of the "Iliad," which he had edited ; studied Hebrew ; assisted Prof. Stuart in his literary labors ; and was app. an assist, instructor there. From 1 82G to 1830 he travelled and studied in Europe, where he married Theresc, dau. of Prof. Jakob of Haile. He was prof, extraordinary of sacred literature, and librarian at Andover in 1830-3 ; and from 1837 till his death was prof, of bibl. lit. in the Un. Theol. Sem. in N.Y. City. In 1838 he visited Palestine, of which he, with Rev. Eii Smith, made a minute and careful survey. His "Biblical Researches in Palestine" were pub. in Halle, Lond., and Boston, in 1841. The re sults of a second visit in 1852 were pub. in 1856, with a revision of his previous researches. Dur ing the latter part of his life, he was engaged upon a physical and historical geography of the Holy Land. He visited Germany in the sum mer of 1862 for surgical treatment of his eyes, being threatened with loss of sight. He was an active and efficient member of the geo graphical, oriental, and ethnological societies. His other works are a translation of " Butt- man s Greek Grammar," 1832 and 1850 ; a " Greek and English Lexicon of the New Tes tament," 1836 and 1850; "The Harmony of the Four Gospels," in Greek, 1845, and in Eng lish, 1846. From 1831 to 1834 he edited the Biblical Repository, which, when united with the " Bibliotheca Sacra," he established and edited one year in N. York. He has also edited Calmet s " Biblical Diet.," and a translation of Gesenius s "Hebrew Lexicon." In 1859 he pub. a Memoir of his father, Rev. Wm. Robin son, with some account of his ancestors. Sw his Life by H. B. Smith, D.D., and R. D. Hitch cock, D.D., 12mo, 1863. Robinson, EZEKIEL GILMAN, D.D., prof. Rochester Theol. Sem., b. Attleboro , Ms., 1815. B.U. 1838. Editor Christ. Review 1859-64. Translator of Neander s " History of the Plant ing of the Church," 8vo, 1865 ; he pub. Address on the Relation of the Church and the Bible, 1866. Chosen Pres. of Brown U. in Feb. l?o. Robinson, FAYETTE, author, b. Va. ; d. New York, March 26, 1859, from poison. Au thor of " Mexico and her Military Chieftains," Phila. 1847; "Organization of the U.S. Ar my," 2 vols. 1848; and "California and its Gold Regions," N.Y. 1849; "Spanish Gram mar ; " " Wizard of the Wave/ a romance, 8vo, 1853. Translated Brillat Savarin s" Physi ology of Taste," 8vo, 1854. Robinson, SIR FREDERICK PHILLIPSE, gen. in the British army, b. in the Highlands of New York, Sept. 1763 ; d. Brighton, Jan. 1 , 1852. Son of the loyalist Col. Beverly. He was attached to his father s (Loyal American) regt., and in Feb. 1777 received a commission as ensign, being then but 14 years of age. At the capture of Stony Point, he was wounded and taken prisoner ; was subsequently ex changed; left the U.S.; served in the W.Indies, Spain, and lastly in Canada, passing through all the gradations of rank. He com. a brigade at the battle of Vittoria ; at the siege of St, Sebastian, where he was wounded; and at the ROB 775 ROB passage of the Nive. At the termination of the Peninsular war he went to Canada as com. in chief of the forces; in the war of 1812-15 he had the com. of two brigades intended for the attack of the works at Plattsburg on Lake Champlain, Sept. 1814 ; and from July 1, 1815, until 1816, was gov. of Upper Canada ; in 1815 he received the order of knighthood, and in 1838 was advanced to that of the grand cross ; lit: attained the full rank of gen. in 1841. Robinson, HORATIO N., LL.D., author of mathematical text-books, b. Kartwick, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1806 ; d. Elbridge, N.Y., Jan. 19, 1867. He had an ordinary education, but at the age of 16 made the calculations for an almanac, which attracted the attention of a wealthy gentleman in the vicinity, who sent him to N. J. Coll. App. a prof, of mathematics in the navy at 19, he filled that post for 10 years ac ceptably. He took charge of an acad. at Ca- nandaigua in 1835, and afterward of one at Genesee. Impaired health led him to remove in 1844 to Cincinnati, where he produced his " University Algebra," a work of much ori ginality, the great success of which encouraged hi in to prepare several other works. He re moved to Syracuse, N.Y., in 1850, and in 1854 to Elbridge. Some of the best practical talent of the country was employed to assist him in completing his series by adding a full course of elementary text-books, numbering 22. The merit of these text-books is attested by their very large and increasing circulation, and the testimony of the best educators of the country. His latest work, "Differential and Integral Calculus," 1861, was in 1868 edited by I. F. Quinby. Allibone. Robinson, GEN. JAMES S., b. near Mans field, O., Oct. 14, 1828. Entering the 4th Ohio, he participated in the Rich-Mountain cam paign, June, 1861 ; maj. 82d 0. Oct. 26, 1861 ; lieut.-col. Apr. 1862 ; served in the Shenan- doah under Fremont; at the second Bull Run; col. Aug. 29, 1862; in the Chancellorsville, Gettysburg (where he was severely wounded), Atlanta, and Ga. campaigns ; com. 3d brigade, 1st div. 20th corps, from May 1, 1864; and in the battles of Resaca, Dallas, New-hope Church, Peach-tree Creek, Averyborough, and Bentonville; brev. brig.-gen. Dec. 12, 1864; bri_r.-gen. Jan. 12, 1865; brev. maj. -gen. Mar. 13,^1865. Reid s Ohio in tfie War. Robinson, JOHN, an English dissenting clergyman, b. 1575; d. Leyden, March 1, 1625. Educated at Cambridge, and for a time held a benefice near Yarmouth in Norfolk, but be- c ime pastor of a dissenting cong. in the north of England in 1602. "Beset by the agents of the prelacy," its members (in 1607) attempted to leave for Holland, but were prevented, and kept under arrest for a month; in 1608 they re moved to Amsterdam, and ab. 1609, by advice of Robinson, they removed to Leyden. Here they became by arrivals from Eng. a great con gregation. Here Robinson accepted the chal lenge of Episcopius, the successor of Arminius, and defender of his doctrines. A public disputa tion was hold in the presence of a large assem bly ; and the friends of the former assert that " the Truth had a famous victory." In 1617 Robinscm entered heartily into the plan of form ing a settlement in America. A minority of his congregation, under Brewster, set out July 22, 1620; but Robinson, whose intention it was to follow with the remainder, d. before the con sent of the association of English merchants who controlled the enterprise could be obtained. The rest of his church emig. soon after his death. His son Isaac came here as early as 1630. A complete ed. of his writings was pub. at Boston in 1851, in 3 vols., with Memoir and Annota tions by Robert Ashton. See Geneal. Reg., April, 1866. Robinson, SIB JOHN BEVERLEY, bart. (created 1854), D.C.L., b. Berthier, L.C , July 26, 1791; d. Toronto, 30 Jan. 1863. Christo pher his father, a British officer who served in the Revol. war, afterward resided in N.B. John was adm. to the bar; was clerk of the Assembly one year; atty.-gen. at the age of 21 ; solicitor- gen. 1815-18; again atty.-gen. 1818-29; chief justice of Upper Canada from July 15, 1829, to his d. ; 18 years a member of the legisl. A vol. under Gen. Brock at the capture of De troit. Author of some valuable works on Can ada. Chancellor of Trinity College, Toronto. Morgan. Robinson, JOHN CLEVELAND, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. Binghamton, N.Y., April 10, 1817. Entering the Military Acad. in 1835, he left it in 1838 to study law; but in 1839 was made lieut. 5th Inf. During the Mexican war he was disting. at Monterey, and made 1st lieut. June, 1846 ; capt. Aug. 1 850 ; maj. 2d Inf. Feb. 20, 1862; col. 43d Inf. July 28, 1866. He served against the Indians of Fla. and Utah. At the beginning of the civil war he com. at Fort McHenry, Baltimore; app. col. 1st Mich. Vols., he became brig.-gen. Apr. 28, 1862; took com. of the 1st brigade of Kearney s division in the corps of Heintzehnan, and was disting. in the battles before Richmond, especially those on June 30 and July 1, 1862; also at the sec ond Bull Run, Chantilly, and Fredericksburg ; com. div. and engaged at the second Freder icksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Mitchell s Station, battles of the Wilder ness, Spottsylvania C. H., and Todd s Tavern, where he lost a leg; brev. maj .-gen. vols ; brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A. for Gettysburg; brev. col. for the Wilderness ; brev. brig.-gen for Spottsylv. ; and brev. maj.-gen. for gallant and merit, ser vices during the war. Retired as a maj.-gen. May 6, 1869. Robinson, JOHN STANIFORD, gov. of Vt. 1853-4, b. Bcnnington, Vt., Nov. 10, 1804; d. Charleston, S.C., Apr. 25, I860. Wms. Coll. 1824. He settled as a lawyer in his native town, and rose to eminence in the profession. Was many years in the legisl. of Vt., and was a deleg. to the Charleston Democ. Convention. Robinson, JONATHAN, chief justice of Vt. 1801-7; U.S. senator 1807-15; bro. of Gov. Moses ; d. Bennington, Vt., 3 Nov. 1819, a. 64. Robinson, MATTHEW, Lord Rokeby, b. near Hythe, Kent Co., 1713 ; d. Nov. 30, 1800. Son of Matthew, and received his education at Westminster and Cambridge. M.P. for Can terbury in 1747, and again in 1754, conducting himself with singular integrity and independ ence. During the Amer. war he remonstrated with peculiar energy against the measures ROB 776 PiOC taken against the colonists. He foresaw the evil consequences which must proceed from roercion, and he reprobated taxation without i eprcsen ration. By the death of his uncle, the Archbishop of Armagh, in Oct. 1794, he ac quired the title of Lord Rokeby. His eccen tricity was such as to excite much curiosity. He wore his beard reaching nearly to the mid- of his body : his manners, and habits of life, approached to primitive simplicity. He was distiug. for his ardent love of freedom; was inimical to measures which in his opinion en croached on the liberties of mankind, and ceased not to lift up his voice against every species of oppression. Author of " Considerations on the Measures with respect to the British Colonies," 1774; "Considerations,^ &c., 1775; "Further Examination of American Measures," 1776; " Peace the Best Policy," 1777. Robinson, MERRITT M., legist ; d. La. 5 June, 1850. Reporter of the Supreme Court of La., he prepared for the press 16 volumes of Reports, accompanied by marginal notes ; also " Digest of the Penal Laws of La.," 8vo, 1841. Robinson, MOSES, statesman, b. Hard- wick, Ms., Mar. 26, 1741 ; d. Bennington, Vt., May 26, 1813. A.M. of Y.C. 1789. His father Capt. Saml. was one of the first settlers of Vt. Bro. of Judge Jonathan. Chief justice of Vt. Oct. 1778; gov. 1789-90; U.S. senator 1791- 6. He was an opponent of Jay s Treaty. Robinson, SOLON, b. near Tolland, Ct., 1803. Has contrib. largely to agric. journals, to the N.Y. Tribune, and to periodicals. He has pub. "Hot Corn, Life-Scenes in N. Y.," 1 853 ; " How to Live," 1 860 ; " Facts for Farm ers," &c., 8vo, 1864 ; " Me-won-i-toc," 1867. Bun^/ay s Offhand Takings. Robinson, STUART, D. D., pastor 2d Presb. Ch., Louisville, Ky. Has been prof, of theologv at Danville Sera., Ky. Has published " The Church of God," &c., 12mo, 1858 ; " Dis courses of Redemption," &c., 8vo, 1866. Robinson, THERESE ALBERTINE LOUISE (Vox JACOB), authoress, known under the name of " Talvi" (her initials), b. Halle, Ger many, Jan. 26, 1797; d. Hamburg, April 13, 1869". In 1807 she accomp. her father to Rus sia, where he became prof, in the U. of Khar kov. Here she studied the Slavic language, and wrote her first poems. She afterward stud ied at St. Petersburg; returned to Halle in 1816, and studied Latin. A few of her tales, under the title of " Psyche," appeared at Halle in 1825. In 1822 she translated Scott s " Old Mortality " and " The Black Dwarf." She translated, from the Servian, poems under the title of " Volkslieder der Serben^" 2 vols. 1825-6 ; in 1828 she m. Prof. Ed. Robinson, and in 1830 came with him to America. She translated into German Pickering s work on " The Indian Tongues of N.A.," Leipsic, 1834 ; in 1834 she wrote for the Biblical Repository " An Historical View of the Slavic Languages," repub. in 1850 by itself. She visited Germany in 1837-40, and pub. there " An Essay on the Historical Characteristics of the Popular Songs of the Germanic Nations," &c., 1840; also a small work entitled " The Poems of Ossian not Genuine." She ai terwaid pub. " A History of Captain John Smith " in German ; " The Colonization of New Eng.," 1847; " He lo ise, or the Unrevealed Secret," 1850; " Life s Dis cipline, a Tale of the Annals of Hungary," 1851 ; and " The Exiles," 1853, afterward pub. as "Woodhill;" and she contrib. to various American and German periodicals. After the death of her husband, in 1863, she returned to Germany. Rochambeau (ro -shon -bo), JEAN BAP- TISTE DONATIEN Vi3iEUR, Count de, marshal of France, b. Vendome, 1 July, 1725; d. 10 May, 1807. Entering the army at 16, be served under Broglie; became in 1745 aide to Louis Philip, Duke of Orleans ; afterward com. the regiment La Marche, and was disting. and wounded at Lafeldt. He attained fresh laurels at Crevelt, Minden, Corbach, and Clostercamp. Made lieut.-gen. in 1780, and sent with a corps of 6, 000 men to the assistance of the Americans, he disembarked at R.I. in July, 1780; acted in concert with Washington, first against Clinton in N.Y., and then against Cornwallis, render ing important services at the siege of Yorktown., and receiving the surrender of the British army 19 Oct. 1781. Rochambeau was presented with the captured cannon. He received the decoration of the Saint-Esprit in 1783; was made a marshal in 1791; and early in 1792 com. the Army of the North. He narrowly escaped the guillotine during the Reign of Ter ror. In 1804 Bonaparte gave him a pension and the cross of grand officer of the Legion of Honor. His " Memoirs " were pub. 2 vols 8vo, 1809, and translated by M. W. E. Wright, Paris, 8vo, 1838. His son JOSEPH MARIE, Vicomte de, aide-de-camp to his father in the American Revol., and col. Regt. Auxonne,, served in the W. Indies, Italy, St. Domingo, &c. ; became a gen. ; and was killed at the bat tle of Leipsic 18 Oct. 1813, a. 63. Rochefoucauld Liancourt (rosh -foo - ko / le / -on-koor / ),FRAN9OisALEXANDRE FRED., Duke de la, b. 14 Jan. 1747 ; d. Paris 27 Mar, 1827. Grand-master of the wardrobe to Louis XV. and XVI. ; dep. to the States-Gen., and the advocate of just and necessary reforms ; pres. of the national assembly after the taking of the Bastille in July, 1789; member of the constituent assembly; military com at Roueo in 1792. After the 10th of August he left France, resided in Eng., and travelled through the U.S., but returned to France after the 18th Brumaire, devoting himself to the prosecution of the useful arts and to benevolent offices. He was 23 years insp.-gen. of the School of Arts and Trades at Chalons. He established the first savings-bank in France, and was influ ential in introducing vaccination there. Created a peer after the restoration in 1815. Author of " Voyage dans les Etats-Unis" (1795-7), 8 vols. 1 8mo ; and " Account of the Prisons of Phila.," 8vo, 1796. His Life by his son was pub. in 1827. Roekingham, CHARLES WATSON WENT- WORTH, marquis, statesman, b. May 13, 1730; d. 1 July, 1782. He succeeded to the title in 1750; entered the house of peers in 1751; re signed his offices in 1763; was app. first lord of the treasury in July, 1765; resigned 1 Aug. 1766. When the Lord North ministry sue ROC 777 ROD cumbed, he again took the chief direction of affairs in March, 1782, but died shortly after. During the Stamp-act discussions in 1765, he took the middle course, of repealing the act, and declaring the right to tax the Colonies. Dur ing North s administration, he was the leader of the aristocratic party of the opposition in the House of Lords. Rockwell, J- EDSON, D.D., b. Salisbury, Vt., 1816. Amh. Coll. 1837. Has published " Sketches of the Presbyterian Church," 1854 ; " Young Christian Warned," 1857 ; " Scenes and Impressions Abroad," 1859; "My Sheet- Anchor," 1864; also sermons, addresses, and reports; edited Sabbath-school Visitor 1852-60; and contributed to periodicals. Allibone. Rockwell, JAMES OTIS, poet and editor, b. Lebanon, Ct., 1807; d. Providence, R.I., in the summer of 1831. At an early age he was an operative in a cotton-factory at Paterson, N. J. ; at 14 he was apprenticed to a printer at Utica ; four years later he came to Boston ; became assistant editor of the Statesman ; and in 1829 took the editorial charge of the Provi dence Patriot. His pieces are scattered through his own and other periodicals, having never been collected. See Everest s Poets of Ct. Rockwell, JOHN ARNOLD, jurist, b. Nor wich, Ct., Aug. 27, 1803; d. "Washington, I). C., Feb. 10, 1861. Y. C. 1822. He prac tised law in Norwich ; was a member of the State senate in 1838-9 ; soon after became judge of the New-London County Court ; M.C. 1847-51, and chairman of the committee on claims. The Court of Claims at Washing ton owes its establishment chiefly to him, and his principal labors were in that court. He pub. two volumes on " The Mexican Law of Mines and Real Estate," 1851-2, which are now standard authorities. Rockwell, JULIUS, senator and jurist, b. Colebrook, Ct., Apr. 26, 1805. Y.C. 1826. He studied law at the New-Haven Law School ; Was adm. to the Litchfield Co. bar in 1829, commencing practice in 1830 at Pittsfield, Ms. He was in the legisl. of Ms. in 1834-8; was speaker for 1835 and 1838 ; bank commiss. in 1838-41 ; M.C. in 1847-51; and U.S. senator for two sessions, to succeed Mr. Everett ; in 1853 he was a member of the State Const. Conv ; in 1858 was again a State represen tative ; judge of the Superior Court of Ms. 1859-71. Rodgers, C. R. P., commo. U. S. N., b. N.Y. Nov. 14, 1818. Midshipm. Oct. 5, 1833 ; lieut. Sept. 4, 1844; com. Oct. 18,1861 ; capt. July 25, 1866 ; commo. 1870. Present at the capture of Vera Cruz and of Tabasco ; at tached ro coast-survey 1850 and 1856-8; com. of midshipm. Naval Acad. 1859-61 ; com. steam-frigate " Wabash," flagship, So. Atl. squad., 1861-2 ; at battle of Port Royal, Nov. 1861; at Fort Pulaski, in com. of naval bat tery, Jan. 27, 1862 ; com. division of gunboats in exped. to St. Augustine and up the St. Mary s River in Mar. 1862; fleet-capt. S.A. block, squad. 1863; com. steamer " Iroquois," 1864-5; com. frigate " Franklin," European squad., 1869 ; chief of bureau of docks and yards, 1 Oct. 1871. Hamersly. Rodgers, CAPT. GEORGE W., U.S.N., b. Md. 1787; d. Buenos Ayres, May 21, 1832. His father was col. of a Md. regt. during the Revol. war; and his bro. was Com. John Rodgers. Midshipm. Apr. 1804; lieut. Apr. 24, 1810; master com. Apr. 27, 1816; and post-capt. Mar. 1, 1825 ; first lieut. of " Thu Wasp" in the action with " The Frolic," Oct. 18, 1812. For his gallantry in the war of 1812 he received a sword of honor from his native State, and a gold medal from Congress, accomp, by a vote of thanks. In 1832 he com. the squadron on the coast of Brazil, having also a diplomatic mission to that govt. His wife Anna Maria, sister to Corn. Perry, d. New London, Ct., Dec. 7, 1858, a. 60. Three sons fought bravely in the Mexican war, Lieut. A. P. RODGERS, who fell at Chapultepec ; Capt. RAYMOND RODGERS, ILS.N., fleet-capt. during Dupont s capture of Port Royal and attack on Charleston ; and Capt. GEORGE W., who was killed while commanding the monitor " Cats- kill " in an attack on Fort Wagner, Morris Island, Aug. 20, 1863. Rodgers, JOHN, D.D. (U. of Edinb. 1768), Presb. divine, b. Boston, Ms., Aug. 5, 1727; d. N.Y. City, May 7, 1811. In 1728 his parents removed to Phila., where he re ceived a classical education. He was impressed with religious truth by the preaching of White- field ; in Oct. 1747 was licensed to preach, and, after having been a missionary in Va. and Md., was settled in St. George s, Del., Mar. 19, 1749, where he continued his popular and useful labors until July, 1765 ; he then removed to N.Y., and was pastor of the Wall-st. (Presb.) Church until the close of his life. Leaving N.Y. in Feb. 1776, he became chaplain of Heath s brigade in April ; then chaplain of the State convention, then of the council of safety, and of the first legisl. until Oct. 1777 ; and till the end of the war he preached at Amtnia, N.Y., Danbury, Ct., and Lamington, N.J. His Memoirs were written by Dr. Samuel Miller. He pub. sermons and some fugitive pieces. Spragtte. Rodgers, JOHN, commo. U.S.N., b. Havre de Grace, Md., 1771 ; d. Phila. Aug. 1, 1838. Entering the navy as a lieut. Mar. 9, 1798, he was the executive officer of the frigate " Con stellation," Com. Truxton, when she captured the French frigate " L Insurgente " off Nevis, Feb. 9, 1799, and took possession of the prize. Made a capt. Mar. 5, 1799, he cruised in " The Maryland" (20) upon the W. I. station; in 1802 he com. " The John Adams " (28), with which and "The Enterprise" (12) he success fully attacked, in June, 1803, a Tripolitan cruiser of 22 guns, and several gunboats at anchor near Tripoli; in 1804 he com. "The Congress " (38) in the squadron employed against Tripoli under Com. Barron, whom in 1805 he succeeded in the com. After the peace with Tripoli, he proceeded with his squadron to Tunis, where he engaged in negotiations which resulted in the establishment of friendly relations. In the spring of 1811, in "The President " (44), off Annapolis, he heard that a seaman had been impressed off Sandy Hook by an English frigate ; sailing for that point without delay, May 16 he hailed, about 8^, P.M., a vessel of war, but received no answer. After 778 :ROE a little delay, the stranger hailed, which she fol lowed up with a shot, which entered " The President s " mainmast. After a short engage ment, in which his opponent was much crip pled, he ceased firing, and on the following morning boarded, discovering her to be H.B.M. ship " Little Belt" (22 guns),Capt. Bingham. The accounts given by the two commanders of this affair differed widely, particularly as to the firing of the first gun ; and it widened the breach which already existed between the two nations. June 21, 1812, receiving official intel ligence of the declaration of war against Great Britain, Com. Rodgers sailed from N.Y. in com. of a squadron ; June 23, while chasing the British frigate " Belvidere," during a run ning fight, a gun burst, killing and wounding 16, Com. Rodgers being among the latter : in a subsequent cruise he took the British packet " Swallow," with a large amount of specie, and the schooner " Highflyer ; " app. June 14 to the new frigate " Guerriere," he rendered important service in the defence of Baltimore ; from April, 1815, to Dec. 1824, he served as pres. of the board of navy commissioners ; acting sec. navy, Sept. to Dec. 1823; and in 1824-7 in com. of the Mediterranean squadron. On his return he was again on the board of navy commissioners, which he relinquished in 1837. R. Adm. JOHN RODGERS, U.S.N., is his son. Another son, ROBERT, was col. 3d Md., Potomac inf. ; did good service during the civil war, and was twice severely wounded. Rodgers, JOHN, rear.-adm. U.S.N., b. Md. Aug. 8, 1811. Son of Com. John, U.S.N. Midship. Apr. 18, 1828; lieut. Jan. 22, 1840; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. June 17, 1863; rear-adm. Dec. 31, 1869. Com. steamer "John Hancock," and surv. and cxpl. exped. to N. Pacific and China Seas 1853-6; in 1862 superintended at the West the construction of ironclads ; May 10, 1862, com. an exped. of gunboats in the James River ; and in " The Galena " attacked Fort Darling, May 15. June 1 7, 1 863, in War saw Sound, Capt. Rodgers, in the monitor " Weehawken," encountered and captured the powerful rebel ironclad "Atlanta" in 15 min utes ; in the monitor " Monadnoc," 1866-7, made the passage around the Horn to San Francisco ; commanded Asiatic fleet ; and in August, 1871, captured the Corean forts. Haniersly. Rodman, GEN. ISAAC PEACE, b. South Kingstown, R.I., Aug. 28, 1822; d. Sept. 29, 1862, from wounds at the battle of Antietam. Educated to mercantile pursuits, he engaged in rnanuf. ; was some years col. of a militia regt., and in 1861 a member of the State senate. He resigned his seat to raise a company of vols., and, as capt. 2d R.I. Regt., participated in the battle of Bull Run. Becoming col. 4th R.I. Vols., he was at the taking of Roanoke Island. For gallantry at the battle of Newbern, Mar. 14, 1860, where he took the enemy s works at the point of the bayonet, he was made brig.- gen. Apr. 28, 1862. His regt. also participated in the investment and reduction of Fort Macon. In the battle of Antietam, while leading his brigade to a charge upon the enemy s guns, he was mortally wounded by a cannon-ball in the terrible conflict by which the stone bridge was carried and held. Rodney, C^SAR, signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Dover, Del., ab. 1730; d. early in 1783. His father William came over with Penn, and, after a short residence in Phila., settled in Kent Co., Del., leaving to his eldest son a large landed estate. At the age of 28 Cassar was app. high sheriff, and, at the end of his term of service, was created a justice of the peace and a judge of the lower courts. As early as 1762 he represented his county in the legisl., by which, in 1765, he was sent to the Stamp-act Congress at N.Y; in 1769 he was elected speaker of the house, continuing to occupy that chair for several years ; was app. chairman of the com. of corresp. with the other Colonies ; and in 1774 was a delegate to the Gen. Congress ; in the following year he was re-elected, and also made a brig.-gen. When the question of independence was before Con gress, Rodney was on a tour through the south ern part of Del., quieting the minds of the people, and preparing them for a change of govt. His colleagues McKean and Read being divided upon the question, the former, who knew him to be favorable to the declaration, urged him by express to hasten his return. He did so, and by great exertion arrived just in season for the final discussion ; and, by his affirmative vote, he secured that union among the Colonies, so important to the cause of in dependence. The opposition of the royalists, who abounded in the lower counties, prevented his re-election the succeeding year; but, as a member of the councils of safety and inspec tion, he displayed great activity in collecting supplies for the troops of the State then with Washington in N. J. He repaired in person to the camp near Princeton in 1777, where for nearly two months he was engaged in laborious services, and, commanding the Del. line, was brig.-gen. In the autumn of the same year he was again chosen to Congress, but, before tak ing his seat, was chosen pres. of his State, in which station he remained 4 years (1778-82). His nephew C^SAR A. (M.C. 1803-5 and 1819-21, U.S. atty .-gen. 1807-11, U.S. senator 1821-3, minister to Buenos Ayres 1823, until his death, June 10, 1824) pub. with J. Graham " Reports on the Present State of the United Provinces of S. America," Lond. 8vo, 1819. Rodney, DANIEL, M.C. from Del. 1822-3 ; U.S. senator 1826-7; gov. of Del. 1814-17; d. 2 Sept. 1846, a. 75. Roe, AZEL STEVENS, novelist, b. N.Y. City, 1798. With an academic education he became a merchant s clerk in N.Y. ; was afterward a wine-merchant, and, on retiring from business, settled at Windsor, Ct. Having lost most of his property by the failure of persons for whom he had freely indorsed, he applied himself to literature with success. He has written " James Montjoy, or I ve been Thinking," 1850; " To Love, and to be Loved," 1852 ; " Time and Tide, or Strive and Win," 1852; "A Long Look Ahead," 1855; "The Star and the Cloud," 1856; "True to the Last," 1859; "How Could He Help It?" 1860; "Like and Unlike," 1861; "Looking Around," 1866; 779 R-OG- " The Cloud on the Heart," 1869 ; " Woman our Angel," 1866. Roebling, JOHN A., engineer, b. Prussia, 1806, and educated as a civil engineer. In 1827-31 he was an assist, constructor of mili tary roads. Emig. to the U.S. in 1831, he was employed on various works in O. and Pa., and in 1842 began the manuf. of wire-ropes, first used on the Alleghany Portage Road, and now in general use. In 1850 he erected extensive works near Trenton, N. J., where 2,000 tons of wire-rope are annually made; in 1844 he built the wire suspension aqueduct over the Alleghany River at Pittsburg; in 1852-5 he built the Niagara Suspension Bridge ; and in 1856-67 the Cincinnati Suspension Bridge over the Ohio River, said to be the largest in the world; in 1858-60 he built the fine wire suspension bridge over the Alleghany River at Pittsburg. Rogers, HENRY DARWIN, LL.D., F.R.S., geologist, bro. of James B., b. Phila. 1809; d. Glasgow, Scotland, May 28, 1866. Became prof, of physical sciences in Dick. Coll. in 1831, and afterward prof, of geology in the U. of Pa., which office he long held. In 1835 he pub. a report and geolog. map of N. J., and a final Report, 8vo, 1840. In 1836-56 he was occupied in the survey of Pa. ; pub. several annual reports, the final one in 2 vols. 4to, 1858. In 1857 he became regius prof, of geol. and nat. history in the U. of Glasgow, having for some years previously resided in Boston. He contrib. many important papers on geol. and other scientific subjects to the " Transac tions " of scientific associations, to the Journal of Science, and to the Edinburgh New Philos. Journal, of which he is one of the editors. Author of a geological map of the U.S., and a chart of the arctic regions in the " Physi cal Atlas ; " and, in conjunction with W. and A. K. Johnston of Edinburgh, pub. a geologi cal atlas of the U.S., 1861. Rogers, HENRY J., electric teleg. engineer, and inventor of the marine signals, b. Balti more, Md., 1811. Has pub. " Teleg. Diet, and Seaman s Signal-Book," 8vo, 1845; " Sema- plioric Signal-Book," 1847 ; " Code of Marine Signals/ 1854. With W. F. Larkins edited " Rogers s Commercial Code of Signals for All Nations," 8vo, 1859. Allibone. Rogers, JAMES BLYTHE, M.D. (U. of Md. 1822), chemist and physician, eldest son of Dr. P. K. Rogers, b. Phila, Feb. 22, 1803; d. there June 15, 1852. Prof, of chemistry in Washington Med. Coll., Baltimore; then in that of Cincinnati ; then in the Franklin School of Phila. ; and in 1847-52 filled the chair of chemistry in the U. of Phila. For several years he assisted in the chemical and geol. surveys of Va. and Pa. He pub. some valuable papers in the scientific journals, and was one of the editors of the last Amer. re print of Turner s " Chemistry." Rogers, JOHN, pres. of H. U. April 10, 1682, to his d. July 2, 1684; b. Coggeshall, Eng., Jan. 1631. H.U. 1649. Son of Rev. Na- thaniel of Ipswich, and assisted in his pulpit, but afterward studied and practised physic. Rogers, JOHN, chancellor, member Old Cong. 1775-6; d. Annapolis, Md., Oct. 1789. Rogers, JOHN, sculptor, b. Salem Ms., 30 Oct. 1829. He left school at 16; w&i twc years in a dry-goods jobbing-house in Bos ton, and afterward took a trip to Spain. He then learned the trade of a machinist ; made sketches in clay, and, after a brief visit to Europe in 1858-9, engaged as a draughtsman in a surveyor s office in Chicago. Here he modelled his " Slave- Auction," which he took to New York in Dec. 1859, where his "Picket- Guard," and other war-subjects, soon brought him both fame and money. He has admirably modelled small groups illustrating familiar sub jects of daily life, and episodes of the camp and battle-field, and has a studio in New York. Among his best efforts are " The Returned Votunteer," " Sharpshooters," "Town Pump," " Union Refugees, " The Country Postmas ter," "The Wounded Scout," and "The Home-Guard." Rogers, NATHANIEL, minister of Ipswich from Feb. 20, 1639, to his d. July 3, 1655; b. Haverhill, Eng., 1598. Educated at Emanuel Coll., Camb. Son of Rev. John. He is often erroneously called a grandson of John the martyr. He preached at Booking in Essex, and next at Assington, Suffolk. Persecution drove him to N.E., where he arrived Nov. 16, 1636. Member of the synod of 1637. He pub. " Cause of God s Wrath against the Nation," 1644; and left in MS- a Latin Vindication of Cong. Church Govt. N. E. Hist, and Gen. Reg., v. 122. Rogers, NATHANIEL PEABODY, b. Plym outh, N.H.,3 June, 1794; d. Concord, N.H., 16 Oct. 1846. D.C. 1816. He studied and practised law, which he left in 1838 for the edi torship of the antislavery Herald of Freedom He wrote under the signature of The Old Man of the Mountain " for the N. Y. Tribune. A vol. of his fugitive pieces was pub. Concord, 1847. Rogers, RANDOLPH, sculptor, b. Va. Studied and practised a few years at Rome ; became known in New York by his " Nyclia," " Boy and Dog," " Angel of the Resurrection," and, returning to Rome after his marriage, ex ecuted a marble statue of John Adams (now at Mt. Auburn Cemetery), some good busts, and attractive ideal figures. His bass-reliefs for the doors of the new Capitol extension at Wash ington represent events in the life of Columbus. He has furnished designs for the Washington Monument at Richmond; and he has lately been employed upon memorial monuments for R.I. and Michigan. Among his smaller works, " Ruth " and " Isaac " are favorites. His last work, a colossal bronze statue of Lincoln, was unveiled at Phila. 22 Sept. 1871. Rogers, MAJOR ROBERT, a famous par tisan of the French war, b. Dunbarton, N.H., ab. 1730; d. Eng. ab. 1800. The son of an early Irish settler of D. He com. during the French war (1755-63) Rogers s Rangers, a corps renowned for their exploits. March 13, 1758, with 170 men, he fought 100 French and 600 Indians : after losing 100, and killing 150, he retreated. In 1759 he was sent by Amherst from Crown Point to destroy the Indian village of St. Francis ; which service he performed : 200 Indians were killed. In 1760 he was ordered ROG- 780 by Amherst to taks possession of Detroit and other Western posts ceded by the French, which he accomplished. He next visited England, where he suffered from want, until he borrowed the means to print his journal, and present it to the king, who in 1765 app. him gov. of Michili- macinac. Accused of plotting to plunder the fort, and join the French, he was sent in irons to Montreal, and tried by a court-martial. In 1 769 he went to Eng.,w T as presented to the king, but soon afterward was imprisoned for debt. He afterward, according to his account to Dr. Wheelock at Dartmouth, " fought 2 battles in Algiers under the dey." At the opening of the Revol., his course was such, thathe was close ly watched ; and in 1775, Congress, whose pris oner he then was, released him on parole. Sus pected by Washington of being a spy, he was secured in June, 1776, but, on being released by Congress soon after, openly joined the royal side, and, notwithstanding his parole of honor, accepted the commission of colonel, and raised the " Queen s Rangers," a corps celebrated throughout the contest. Oct. 21, 1776, he nar rowly escaped being taken prisoner at Mamaro- neck by a party sent out by Lord Stirling, and soon after went to Eng. He pub. a concise ac count of N.A., Lond. 1765; "Journals of the French War," 1765, repub. at Concord, 12mo, 1 83 1 , and entitled " Reminiscences of the French War," with the Life of Stark ; and in 1766 the tragedy of " Ponteach." His Diary of the Siege of Detroit, &c., was published by F. B. Hough, 1860. Rogers, ROBERT EMPIE, M.D. (U. of Pa.), chemist and physician, bro. of James B., b. Baltimore 1814. On graduating, his ex perimental essay on Endosmose was pub. by request of the faculty. In 1844-52 he was prof, of chemistry in the U. of Va. ; then succeeded his bro. in this chair in the U. of Pa. He as sisted in the geol. surveys of Va. and Pa. Be side contribs. on chemical subjects to scientific journals, he was assoc. with his bro. in the edit ing of Turner s " Chemistry," and has since ed ited the reprint of Lehmann s "Physiological Chemistry." Several years dean of the med. faculty of the U. of Pa. Rogers, GEN. THOMAS J., author of bio graphical dictionaries of Revol. worthies, 1st ed. 12mo, 1813, 4th ed. 1829; M. C. from Pa. 1818-24; b. Waterford, Ireland, 1781; came to Ameiica in 1784 ; d. N.Y. City, Dec. 7, 1832. Edited a political paper. Rogers, WILLIAM, D.D., Baptist clergy man, b. Newport, R. I., 22 July, 1751 ; d. Phila. 31 Mar. 1824. R.I. Coll. 1769. Ord. in May, 1771, over the First Church, Phila. ; chaplain in the Pa. line of the Revol. army in 1776-81 ; prof, of belles-lettres in Phila. Coll. in 1789-92, and in the U. of Pa. in 1792-1812; was "stated supply" of the 1st Bapt. Church, Phila., in 1803-5, and member of the gen. as sembly in 1816-17; an officer and an active manager of the Gradual-abolition Societies of Pa. and Md., of the Prison Soc. of Phila., &c. He pub. sermons, addresses, prayers on special occasions, a circular letter on Justification (1785), and one on Christian Missions. Rogers, WILLIAM BARTON, physicist and geologist, brother of James B. and R. E., b. Phila. 1805. A. M. of H. U. 1866. He first lecmred on science in the Md. lust, in 1827; and in 1829 succeeded his father, Dr. P. K. Rogers, in the chair of nat. phil. and chemistry in Wm. and Mary Coll.; in 1835-53 he was prof, of nat. philos. and geology in the U. of Va., but has since resided in Boston. He or ganized the geol. survey of the State of Va. in 1835, remaining at its head till 1842, publishing 6 vols of reports. Author of a short treatise on the "Strength of Materials," 1838; of "Ele ments of Mechanical Philosophy," 1852 ; and of numerous papers in the philos. and sci. jour nals of Great Britain and America ; a zealous promoter of scientific education among the in dustrial classes. In the beginning of 1862 he delivered a course of lectures before the Lowell Institute, Boston, on the Application of Science to the Arts ; and in April of that year was chosen pres. of the new Institute of Technolo gy at Boston, which he was instrumental in organizing ; and resigned in 1868 in ill health. Rogers, CAPT. WOODES, an English navi gator and buccaneer. Com. an exped. again.st the Spaniards in the South Sea ab. 1709; app. gov. of the Bahamas in 1718. d. 1732. Rolle, DENNIS, b. Devonshire, Eng. ; d. 1797. He traced his descent from Rollo, first duke of Normandy. In 1766 he purchased a whole district in Fla., whither he proceeded with 1,000 persons to people his new posses sions; but, through the unhealthiness of the climate and the desertion of those who escaped disease, he soon found himself without colo nists and without money, and was compelled to work his passage back to Eng. in an Ameri can vessel. He then settled on his paternal es tate ; had a seat in the house of commons, and filled the office of sheriff for the county ; he de voted much of his time to the improvement of the condition of the lower classes. Rolph, JOHN A., artist and landscape-en graver, b. Essex, Eng., 1799; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 30 Mar. 1862^ He came to the U.S. in 1833, and resided chiefly in New York. Uncle of Edward Miall, M.P., and father of Mrs. Clara M. Brinckcrhoff the singer. In " Wilkes s Explor. Exped.," some fine specimens of his talent may be found. Rolphe, JOHN, M.D., an eminent Cana dian physician, b. Eiig. 1786; d. Toronto, 19 Oct. 1870. Emig. to Canada at an early age. He took an active part in the insurrection of 1837, and, being obliged to fly, lived in Russia some years, and also in the U.S. Returning to Canada after the amnesty, he practised law and medicine ; was a member of the Canadian par liament ; and founded the People s School of Medicine, now the med. dept. of Victoria Coll. Roman, ANDRE BIENVENU, gov. of La. 1830-4 and 38-41, b. St. Laudry Parish, La., 1795 ; d. St. James Parish, La., Jan. 29, 1866. His ancestors were from Provence. In 1818 he was chosen to the legisl. ; was frequently re- elected ( was 4 years speaker; judge of St. James Parish in 1826-8; again member and speaker of the house 1 828-30 ; member of the convention which passed the ordinance of se cession, which he opposed. With John Forsyth and Martin J. Crawford, he was app. by the Confed. provis. govt. to confer with the govt. of ROM: 781 ROO the U.S. at Washington. He took no further part .n public affairs. Romans, BERNARD, engineer, b. Holland; d. ab. 1784. In early life he removed to Eng., where he studied eng., and was employed by the British govt. in America some time before the Revol. Subsequently, while in its employ as a botanist in N.Y., and engaged in the publication of a "Natural History of Florida," he was oilered a position as military engr. by the N.Y. com. of safety. In this capacity he submitted to Congress (Sept. 18, 1775) plans for fortifying the Highlands opposite West Point. Col. Romans remained in service (capt. Pa. Art. Feb. 8, 1776) until near the close of the war, when he was captured at sea by the British, en route from New London to Charles ton. He was taken to Eng., and in 1784 em barked for America, but is supposed to have b ^en murdered on the passage. He pub. in 2 vols., 1778-82, "Annals of the Troubles in the Netherlands from the Accession of Charles V.," vol. i. dedicated to Gov. Trumbull; "Map of the Seat of Civil War in America," 1775; " Compleat Pilot for the Gulf Passage," &c., 8vo, 1779. Romayne, NICHOLAS, M.D., b. Hacken sack, N. J., Sept. 1756; d. N.Y. City, July 21, 1817. He studied under Dr. Peter Wilson, and completed his med. education at Edinburgh ; pub. a dissertation "De Generatione Puris," He spent 2 years in Paris, and also visited Leyden, returning ab. 1782 to N. York, where he com menced his professional career. He gave pri vate lectures on anatomy, and taught many pro fessional branches with great success, but relin quished this pursuit, and again visited Europe. Having embarked in the scheme of Blount s conspiracy, he was for a time incarcerated. He was first pres. of the N.Y. Medical Society in July, 1806, and in 1807 was made first pres. of the Coll. of Phys. and Surgs., which he had been active in founding. He gave instruction in that institution in anatomy and the insti tutes of medicine. Romeyn, JOHN BRODHEAD, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1809), Presb. clergyman, b. Marbletown, N.Y., 8 Nov. 1778 ; d. Feb. 22, 1825. Son of Rev. Theodoric R. Columb. Coll. 1795. Li censed to preach in 1798; was from 1799 to 1800 pastor of the D. Ref. church at Rhine- beck ; was transferred to the church in Sche- nectady ; was 4 years pastor of the Presb. ch. in Albany; and from 1808 until his death was the first pastor of the church in Cedar St., N.Y, He was an eloquent and impressive preacher. A coll. of his sermons was pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, 1816. Sprague. Romeyn, THEODORIC DIRCK, D.D., bro. of the preceding, prof, of theol. in the Reformed Dutch Church, b. Hackensack, N. J., Jan. 23, 1744; d. Schenectady, Apr. 16, 1804. N.J. Coll. 1765. Ord. over the Dutch church in Ulster Co. May 14, 1766; was afterwards in stalled at Hackensack until his removal to the church in Schenectady in Nov. 1784. He was twice offered the presidency of Queen s Coll., N. J., and was for a considerable time a prof, of theol. It was chiefly by his efforts that Un. Coll. was founded at Schenectady. Ranckendorff, WILLIAM, capt. U.S.N., b. Pa. Nov. 9, 1812. Midshipm. Feb. 17, 1832; lieut. June 28, 1843; com. June 29, 1861 ; capt. Sept 27, 1866. Attached to the Pacific squad. during the Mexican war; com. steamer "M. W. Chapin," Paraguay exped., 1859; com. steamer "Water-Witch," 1861 ; com. steam- sloop " San Jacinto," N. Atl. block, squad., 1862 ; in battle of Sewell s Point, and capture of Norfolk, May, 1862 ; in E. Gulf block, squad. 1863; com. steam-sloop " Powhatan," W. I. squad., 1863-4; com. ironclad " Tonaw an da," 1865. Hamersly. Rporbach, ORVILLE A., many years a publisher in N.Y. and Charleston ; d. N. York, June, 1861. He pub.. Bibliotheca Americana from 1820 to 1861. Roosevelt, ROBERT B., pres. N.Y. Sports men s Club, b. New York, 1829. M.C. 1871- 3 ; editor N, Y. Citizen, a Democ. print. Au thor of "Game-Fish of N. A.," 1865; "Su perior Fishing," 1865; "Game-Birds of the N. States," 1866; "Five Acres Too Much," 1869. Editor of C. G. Halpine s writings, with a Memoir and Notes, 1869. Lanman. Root, ERASTUS, politician, b. Hebron, Ct., Mar. 16, 1773; d. New York, Dec. 24, 1846. Dartm. Coll. 1793. He taught school for a time, but studied law; and in 1796 settled at Delhi, now the capital of Del. Co., N.Y., and then in Otsego. In 1798 he was elected to the State assembly, and repeatedjy re-elected after wards. He was elected to Congress in 1803, 1809, 1812, 1815, and 1831 ; was lieut.-gov. in 1822; and in 1839 was elected to the sen ate. He was an ardent disciple of Gco. Clin ton in politics. He pub. " Address to the Peo ple," 1824. Root, GEORGE FREDERICK, prof, of music, b. Sheffield, Ms., 30 Aug. 1820. In 1826 his father removed to N. Reading. In 1838-43 he was a partner with A. N. Johnson as teacher of singing, and organist ; in 1844-55 taught mu sic in New York; and since 1860 has been a member of the well-known Chicago music-firm of Root & Cady. He has composed the can tatas, "Flower-Queen," "Daniel," "Pilgrim- Fathers," "Haymakers," and " Belshazzar s Feast;" "Hazel Dell," "Rosalie the Prairie- Flower," "Battle-Cry of Freedom" (1862), and other popular songs ; has edited " Singer s Manual," 1849 ; with J. E. Sweetser, "A Coll. of Church Music," 8vo, 1849; "Academy Vo calist," &c., 1852; "Young Ladies Choir;" "Musical Album;" "Young Men s Singing- Book," with L. Mason, 1855; "Sabbath Bell," 1856; "Festival Glee-Book," 1857; "The Shawm;" "The Diapason," 1860; "School for the Melodeon, Harmonium, and Cabinet Organ," 1 863 ; " The Bugle-Call," 1 863 ; " The Cornet," 1865; "The Musical Curriculum," 1865 ; " Silver Lute ; " " The Forest Choir ; " "The Triumph," 1868. Root, JESSE, jurist, b. Coventry, Ct., Dec. 28, 1736 ; d. there Mar. 29, 1822. N.J. Coll. 1 756. He preached ab. 3 years ; but in 1763 was adm. to the bar. Residing at Hartford, early in 1777 he raised a company, with which he joined Washington s army at Peekskill, and was made a lieut. -col. He was a deleg. to Congress in 1778-83; was app. judge of the Sup. Court in 1789 ; chief justice from 1796 to ROS 782 :ROS 1807 ; was afterward a member of the legisl. ; member of the Amer. Acad. and of the Ct. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. He pub. in 1798 Reports of Cases adjudged in the Court of Errors of Ct. July, 1789-June, 1793, and a sec ond vol. 1802. Rosas, DON JUAN MANUEL ORTIZ DE, dictator of the Arg. Repub., b. Buenos Ayres 1793. Son of a wealthy land-owner, he lived with the yuachos of the pampas, and imbibed the sanguinary tastes which afterward devel oped into frightful cruelty. In 1829 Gov. Dorrego app. Rosas, his intimate friend, to the com. of the rural districts, but was soon com pelled to surrender to Rosas, who thenceforth, for 23 years, ruled despotically the Argentine Confederation. He reduced the hostile Indian tribes of the interior, and succeeded in uniting the whole of the Plata-river States into the Argentine Confed. in 1835. He often repeat ed the ill-disguised farce of sending his resigna tion to the chamber of representatives, when every one knew that whoever advocated its ac ceptance would be assassinated in 24 hours, as was Maza, pres. of that body. He exhibited energy and constancy in resisting the conditions which Eng. and France sought to impose upon him. Among his arbitrary acts was his at tempt to impose upon the indep. repub. of Uru guay a gov. whose term had expired. This act, and his impolitic conduct toward Brazil, with which empire he maintained hostilities for 5 years, hastened his downfall. Feb. 3, 1852, his forces having been destroyed at Monte Casero, 6 leagues from Buenos Ayres, Rosas fled to Eng. with his family ; d. near Southampton, Eng., Mar. 14, 1877. Hose, AQUILA, poet; d. Phila. Aug. 22, 1723, a. 28. Franklin, in his Autob., states, that, on his first visit to Keimer the printer, he found him " composing an elegy on Aquila Rose, an ingenious young man, of excellent character, sec. to the Assembly, and a pretty poet." His son JOSEPH, afterward appren tice to Franklin, pub. in 1740 "Poems on Several Occasions by Aquila Rose," a pamphlet of 56 pages. Duyckinck. Rosecrans, WILLIAM STARKE, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Kingston, O., 6 Dec. 1819. West Point, 1842. His father, a farmer and merchant, served under Harrison in the war of 1812 as an adj. of light horse. The son en tered the engr. corps ; was assist, prof, of engr. at West Point 1843-4 and 1845-7 ; assist, prof, of nat. philos. 1844-5; had charge of the re pairs at Ft. Adams, R.I., in 1847-53; and resigned from ill health 1 Apr. 1854. Civil engr. and architect, Cincinnati, 0., 1854-5; supt. of Cannel-coal Co. 1855-7; manuf. of kerosene-oil at Cincinnati 1857-61, and so badly burned by an explosion as to be confined to his bed 18 months. Vol. aide to Gen. Mc- Clellan in Ohio, Apr.-June, 1861; col. and chief engr. of Ohio, 9 June, 1861 ; col. 23d Ohio Vols. 10 June, 1861 ; brig.-gen. U.S.A. 1 6 May, 1861 ; com. brigade in West Va. June- July, 1861, and engaged at Rich Mountain 11 July ; com. dept. of Ohio, July-Sept. 1861, and of West Va. Sept. 1861-Apr. 1862, and en gaged at Carnifax s Ferry 10 Sept. 1861; com. a division at siege of Corinth, Mpi., 22-30 May, 1862 ; com. Army of the Mpi. June-Oct. 1862, defeating Gen. Price at luka 19 Sept. 1862, and Van Dorn and Price at Corinth 3 and 4 Oct. 1862; com. Army of the Cumberland, Oct. 62 to Oct. 63 ; Dec. 31 he won the san guinary battle of Stone River, near Murfrees- borough, Tenn., over Bragg s army. By great personal exertions he on that day checked the tide of a terrible disaster, re-formed his army in the face of the attacking enemy, rolled back their victorious columns, and turned defeat into victory. The result of this battle was the rescue of Middle Tenn. and the secure posses sion of Ky. 24 June, 1863, he advanced on Tullahoma ; occupied Bridgeport and Steven son 24 July ; crossed the Tenn. River 4 Sept. 1863 ; 19 and 20 Sept. fought the unsuccessful battle of Chickamauga ; and was relieved of his com. 30 Oct. 1863. From 28 Jan. to 9 Dec. 1864 he com. the dept. of Mo., during which time occurred the Price raid. Brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 ; maj.-gen. vols. 21 Mar. 1862; resigned 28 Mar. 1867. Minister to Mexico in July, 1868, but was recalled a lew months later. See Rosecrans s Campaign icith the 1 4th Army Corps, 12 mo, 1863. Rosier, JAMES, "a gentleman employed in the voyage," pub. Lond., 1605, "A True Relation of the Most Prosperous Voyage," &c., of Capt. George Waymouth to Virginia. Re- pub, in Purchas, vol. iv. ROSS, ALEXANDER, a British gen., b. 1742; d. Lond. Nov. 29, 1827. Ensign in the 50th Foot in Feb. 1760; he was in all the actions with the allied army in Germany after that date; became capt. in the 45th in May, 1775, and was in all the principal actions in the American war, during a great part of which he served as capt. of grenadiers, arid in the latter part of it as aide-de-camp to Lord Cornwallis ; brev. maj. in 1781 ; a commissioner with Col. Dundas, on the part of Cornwallis, to arrange the details of the surrender at Yorktown ; after wards served as dep. adj. -gen. in Scotland ; thence went as adj.-gen. to the E. Indies while the Marquis of Cornwallis com. in that country, and was present in every action that took place at that time. He attained the rank of gen. Jan. 1, 1812. Cornwallis s corresp. was pub. in 3 vols., 1859, by .Charles, son of Alex. Ross. ROSS, EDWARD C., LL.D. (Ken. Coll. 1849), prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. in the N.Y. Free Acad. 1848-51, b. Pa. 1801 ; d. N.Y. May 16, 1851. West Point, 1821 ; A.M. of Geneva Coll. 1842. He left the army in 1839, after performing arduous service dur ing the Florida war; and for 10 years acted as assist, prof, of math, at West-Point Acad. Prof, of math, in Kenyon Coll., 0., 1840-8. He translated Bourdon s Algebra from the French in 1831. ROSS, GEORGE, judge and patriot, b. New castle, Del., 1 730 ; d. Lancaster, Pa., July, 1779. Son of the pastor of the Epis. church in New castle. Commenced the study of the law at Phila. at the age of 18, and established him self in practice at Lancaster in 1751. He was a representative in the Assembly of Pa. in 1768-70; and in 1774 he was elected to the first Gen. Congress at Phila. ; at the same time he was app. to report to the Assembly ROS 783 ROS instructions for himself and his associates. In 1775 he drew up a reply to Gov. Penn s mes sage, deprecating any action on the part of the Colony. A report on the measures necessary for putting the Colony and the city of Phila. in a state of defence was also from his pen. He signed the Decl. of Indep., but in Jan., 1777, was compelled, by indisposition, to resign his place in Congress. The inhabitants of Lan caster having voted him a piece of plate worth XI 50 on this occasion, he declined the present. The convention which assembled after the dis solution of the proprietary govt. app. Mr. Ross to prepare a decl. of rights. After acting as a successful mediator in difficulties with the In dians, he was app. a judge of the Court of Ad miralty in April, 1779. Ross, JAMES, scholar, taught school at Chambersburg, Pa., 1796-1801, subsequently at Lancaster and Phila. ; and was prof, of lan guages in Dick. Coll., Pa. Author of Latin and Greek grammars, and other text-books in those languages ; of Latin poems in the news papers, and an Ode to the memory of Dr. C. Nisbet. Hist. Magazine, 1862. Ross, JAMES, statesman, b. York Co., Pa., July 12, 1762 ; d. near Pittsburg, Nov. 27, 1847. Educated at Pequea under Rev. Dr. Robert Smith. He taught at Canonsburg the first classical school opened in the West ; afterward studied law in Phila. ; was adm. to the bar in 1784; rose to distinction in the profession ; m. a lady of fortune, and devoted himself to poli tics. He was prominent in the State Const. Conv. of 1790 ; an able defender of the Federal Const. ; was a U.S. senator in 1794-1803, and one of the leaders of the Federal party. He was one of the commiss. from Congress to the Whiskey Insurgents. He pub. " Speech on the Free Navigation of the Mpi.," 1803. ROSS, SIR JOHN, arctic explorer, b. Scot land, 24 June, 1777 ; d. Lond. 30 Aug. 1856. Entering the royal navy in 1786, he attained the rank of rear-adm. in 1851, having been 13 times wounded. He began his arctic voyages in 1828 with Capt. Parry; was similarly en gaged in 1829-33 ; and in 1850 went in search of Sir John Franklin in a small vessel of 90 tons, remaining one winter in the ice. Author of a "Voyage of Discovery," 2 vols. 1819; " Narrative of a Second Voyage," 2 vols. 1835- 6. His nephew Sir JAMES" CLARK Ross, also disting. for his arctic explorations, d. 3 April, 1862. Author of " Voyage of Discovery in the Southern Antarctic Regions," 1847. Ross, JOHN (KOOWESKOOWE), a Cherokee chief, b. Ga. ab. 1790; d. Washington, D.C., Aug. 1, 1866. He was a half-breed, and at an early age had acquired a good English educa tion. He became principal chief of the Chero- kees in 1828. The proceedings of the Ga. legisl. for their removal, in 1829, led to an appeal on the part of the Cherokees, Ross acting as their agent, to the U.S. Sup. Court, which resulted in a decision in their favor. Georgia, however, refused to obey, and aggressions upon the In dians increased. In 1835 a treaty was con cluded between J. F. Schermerhorn, an agent of the U.S., and Major Ridge; his son John Ridge, and about 600 other Cherokees, agreeing to surrender their lands, and remove West within 2 years. Against this treaty, known as that of New Echota, Ross and oVer 15,000 of his tribe protested. The govt., however, sent a force under Gen. Scott to compel its fulfilment ; and the Indians, with Ross at their head, re moved to their new home, a moderate allow ance being made them for their losses by the govt. In 1861, Ross, after some hesitation, en tered into a treaty with the seceding States. At the time of his death; he was urging the claims of his tribe for losses during the war. He pub. " Letter to a Gentleman of Phila.," 1836. Ross, ROBERT, an English maj.-gen., b. Ross Trevor, Devonshire, Eng. ; killed at North Point, 12 Sept. 1814. Trinity Coll., Dublin. Disting. as an officer of the 20th Foot in Holland and Egypt ; was a lieut.-col. at Maida ; was in the campaign of Corunna, under Sir John Moore ; and com. a brigade at the battles of Vittoria and the Pyi enees, and was wounded at Orthez. Selected by Welling ton to com. the corps sent against Washington, he defeated the U.S. troops at Bladensburg ; entered the city of Washington 24 Aug. 1814, and burned and sacked it; and, while leading the advance in the direction of Baltimore, was killed by a rifleman. Rossiter, THOMAS P., painter, b. New Haven, Ct., Sept. 29, 1818. He began to study with Jocelyn, and in 1838 commenced port.- painting. He was in Europe 1840-6, studying chiefly in Rome; and in Paris in 1853-6, where he obtained a gold medal in the Exposition of 1855. Since 1860 he had resided at Cold Spring, Hudson Highlands. He became an academi cian in 1849. He had painted a number of scriptural pieces, among them " Miriam," " The Jews in Captivity," and " Noah ; " also "Joan of Arc in Prison," " House of Washington," " Representative Merchants," &c. ; and had lat terly been engaged upon a series of composi tions on the Life of Christ. Died Cold Spring on the Hudson, May 17, 1871. Tuckerman. Rost, PIERRE A., jurist, b. France ab. 1797; d. N. Orleans, Sept. 6, 1868. He re ceived an academic and scientific education at Paris, where he was a pupil of the Polytechnic School. Emigrating to the Red-river dist. ab. 1824, he began to practise law, soon became conspicuous at the bar, and, removing to St. Charles parish, became an extensive and pros perous planter. In 1845 he was placed upon the bench of the Supreme Court,* where he ranked among the foremost jurists of the State. Commis. to Spain under the Confed. government. Rostaing, JUST ANTOINE HENRI MARIE, Marquis de, a French lieut.-gen., b. Vauehette, Nov. 24, 1740 ; d. 1825. He was at first a page to Louis XV. ; made the campaigns of 1760-2 in Germany as captain of cavalry, and then of America (1780-3) as col. successively of the regts. of Auxerois and of Gatinais. His con duct in this war, and particularly at the siege of Yorktown, procured him the cross of St. Louis, that of Cincinnati, and the grade of marechal-de-camp in 1783. Dep. to the states- gen. ; sec. of the national assembly, Oct. 13, 1789 ; and then a member of the military com. ; but detached himself from the party which was ROT 784 ROW seeking the destruction of the monarchy, and joined the col droit; named lieut.-gen. March 20, 1792. He withdrew from the political arena, and retired to his estate of Forez, where, thanks to his opinion in favor of the tiers-Mat in the constituent assembly, he long survived the epoch of terror. Kothermel, PETER F., painter, b. Luzerne Co., Pai., July 8, 1817. He was educated as a land-surveyor; but, on removing at the age of 22 to Phila., studied painting, and commenced practice -as a portrait-painter, but soon engaged upon historical subjects. In 1836-7 he visited France, Germany, and Italy, and painted his " St. Agnes," now in St. Petersburg. Among his earlier works are " Christabel " and " Kath- arina and Petruchio." He has also painted " De Soto discovering the Mississippi," " Co lumbus before Isabella the Catholic," the Noche Triste from Prescott s " Conquest of Mexico," " Christian Martyrs in the Colos seum," "Patrick Henry before the Virginia House of Burgesses," " The Battle of Gettys burg." Rottenburg, FRANCIS, BARON DE ; d. Portsm.,Eng., April 24, 1832. App. major 1795; col. 1805 ; brig.-gen. 1808 ; maj.-gen. 1810 ; lieut.- gen. 1819. He served in the Irish rebellion of 1798; at the capture of Surinam, 1799; com. the light troops in the VValcheren exped. in 1809; took com. at Quebec in 1810; at Mon treal in 1812 ; com. the troops in U.C. in 1813, and was pros, of the Province ; and in 1814-15 com. the left division of the army in Canada. Rouquette, ADRIEN EMMANUEL, poet, b. New Orleans, 1813. He was educated at the Roy. Coll. of Nantes, France, and studied law, but became a prof, in the R.C. Sem. at N. Or leans. He writes both in French and English ; and his works comprise " Les Savanes Poesies Am&icaines," 1841 ; " Wild-Flowers," a vol. of sacred poetry, 1848; a prose treatise in de fence of monasticism, entitled " La Thehalde tn Am&iqu?" 1852 ; " L Antoniade" &c., 1860; and in 1846 a Discourse at the Cathedral of St. Louis on the Anniversary of the Battle of New Orleans; " Poemes Patriotiques," 1860. His bvo. FRANOIS DOMINIQUE, poet, b. New Orleans, Jan. 2, 1810, was also educated at Nantes, studied law in the office of Wm. Rawle in Phila., arid, returning to France, pub. there (1838) a vol. of poems entitled " Les Meschacg- h&nnos;" "The Arkansas," 1850; " Fleurs d Amdriqu/," 1857. He has written a work both in French and English on the Choctaw Nation. ROUS, CAPTAIN JOHN ; d. Portsm., Eng., Apr. 3, 1760. In Aug. 1744 he com. a success ful expcd. which cut out a fleet of French ves sels from the harbor of Fishotte, Newfound land, and laid waste all the French posts on that coast. In the exped. against Cape Bre ton in 1745, he com. " The Shirley " (24), and, after the reduction of Louisburg, was sent to England with the news, and rewarded with the commission of capt. in the royal navy, Sept. 24, 1745 ; in 1755 he com. the fleet which conveyed the exped. against the French in the Bay of Fundy, and he aftenvard destroyed their forts and houses in the River St. John s ; in 1757 he com. the frigate " Winchelsea " in the unsuc cessful exped. against Louisburg, and captured a French sloop of 16 guns after a stout resist ance ; in 1758, in "The Sutherland" (50), at the siege of Louisburg, and in 1759 at that of Quebec, he did good service ; member of the colonial council in 1754. Rousseau, LOVELL HARRISON, brev. maj.- gen. U. S. A., b. Lincoln Co., Ky., 4 Aug. 1818; d. N. Orleans 8 Jan. 1869. He lost his father (who was of Huguenot descent, and who was first cousin to Pres. Harrison) when he was 13, had no schooling after he was 10 years old, and worked at road-making. After studying law at Louisville, and at Bloomfield, Ind., he was in 1841 adm. to the bar; was a member of the legisl. in 1844-5 ; was a capt. in the 2d Ind. Regt. at the battle of Buena Vista ; and in 1847 was chosen by the Whigs State sena tor. Returning to Louisville in 1849, he took a high place at the bar as a criminal lawyer. Member of the Ky. senate in 1860, he took a bold and decided stand for the govt., and against the quasi neutrality of the legisl., and, when the civil war began, raised two Ky. regts., which he was obliged to encamp on the Indiana side of the Ohio River, where he established "Camp Joe Holt." In Sept. 1861 he crossed the river to protect Louisville; was made brig.- gen. vols. 1 Oct. 1861 ; was attached to Gen. Buell s army, and fought at Shiloh ; led a div of McCook s corps, and took a leading part in the battle of Perry ville 8 Oct. 1862, for which he was made maj.-gen. vols. ; was conspicuous at the battle of Stone River 31 Dec. 1862 ; was in the Tullahoma campaign, in the movement at Chattanooga, and the battle of Chicka- mauga ; com. the Dist. of Tenn. in 1864, and made his famous raid into Ala., destroying the Montgomery and Atlanta lines of railroad ; and in Dec. held the important post of Fort Rosecranz against Hood. Brev. major-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, services in the war; brig.-gen. U.S.A. Mar. 1867, and assigned to duty in Alaska. Subsequently com. in New Orleans. M.C. 1865-7. He was a supporter of the reconstruction policy of Pres. Johnson. Rowan, JOHN, jurist, b. Pa. 1773 ; d. Louisville, Ivy., July 13, 1843. His parents went to Ky. in 1783\ John was educated by Dr. Priestley at Bardstown ; was adm. to the bar in 1795 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1799; sec. of state in 1804; M.C. 1807-9; many years in the State legisl. ; judge of the Court of Appeals 1819-21 ; U.S. senator 1825- 31 ; commiss. of claims against Mexico under the treaty of April 11, 1839; pres. of the Ky. Hist. Soc. 1838-43. In the_ U. S. senate he made able speeches on amending the judiciary system, April 10, 1826, and on imprisonment for debt in 1828. He was acknowledged to have no equal at the Ky. bar in criminal cases. He was a man of extensive literary acquire ments, and of commanding eloquence. His speeches on Foote s Resolutions, and on Im prisonment for Debt, were pub. 1830. Rowan, STEPHEN C., vice-adm. U.S.N., b. Ireland, Dec. 25, 1808. Midshipm. Feb. 15, 1826; lieut. Mar. 8, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862 ; rear-adm. July 25, 1866 ; vice-adm. Sept. 9, 1870. Com. naval battalion under Com. Stockton at battle of Niesa, Upper ROW 785 E-TJD Cal. ; exec, officer of " The Cyane " when she bombarded Guaymas, 1847; com. sloop-of-war " Pawnee " in action with batteries at Aquia Creek .in May, 1861, and in capture of Hat- teras ; com. naval flotilla in attack on Roanoke Island, and in capture and destruction of Confed, fleet in Albernarle Sound, Feb. 10, 1862 ; also captured Elizabeth City and Edenton, N. C. He com. the naval forces at the fall of New- bern ; com. " The New Ironsides " off Charles ton, and participated in the different attacks on Forts Wagner, Gregg, and Moultrie ; com. Asiatic squad. 1868-9. Hamersly. Rowland, REV. HENRY AUGUSTUS, reli gious author, b. Windsor, Ct., 18 Sept. 1804; d. Boston, Sept. 4, 1859. Y.C. 1823. Grand son of Rev. D. S. ; son of Rev. H. A., minister of Windsor 1790-1835. He studied theology ; was one year agent of the Am. Bible Society ; was settled in Fayetteville, N. C., in 1830, in N.Y. City in 1834, in Honesdale, Pa., 1843-54, and at the time of his death at Newark, N. J. He was a frequent contrib. to religious periodi cals, and was the author of " The Common Maxims of Infidelity/ " The Path of Life," " Way of Peace," and " Light in a Dark Al ley," 1850. See Memorial of Rowland, with Faneral Sermon, by E. R. Fair field, 1860. Rowlandson, MARY, wife of Joseph, first minister of Lancaster, Ms., who d. 24 Nov. 1678. Was made captive by the Indians when that town was destroyed, Feb. 10, 1676, and pub. an account of her captivity in 1682. She was redeemed by the bounty of some ladies of Boston after a captivity of 11 weeks and 5 days. Her narrative passed through many editions, the 6th in 1828. She was dau. of John White. Rowson, SUSANNA, authoress, b. Ports mouth, Eng., 1762 ; d. Boston, March 2, 1824. She, with her father Wm. Haswell, a British naval officer, was wrecked in 1767 on Lovell s Island, on the New-Eng. coast; after which he settled at Nantasket, married again, and on the breaking-out of the war, being a British subject, was compelled to depart. Susanna followed him to London, where in 1786 she m. Win. Rowson, leader of the band attached to the Royal Guards. They came to Phila. in 1793 under engagement to Wignell, manager of the Phila. Theatre. She had previously ap peared successfully at the provincial theatres in light comedy and musical pieces. While at Baltimore, in 1795, she wrote a poetical address to the armies of the U.S., entitled " The Stan dard of Liberty." In 1796 she appeared with her husband at the Federal-street Theatre, Boston, where her comedy, "Americans in Eng land," was played for her benefit, and farewell of the stage. She next taught school succes sively at Medford, Newton, and Boston. She pub. in London "Victoria," a novel, 1786; "Mary, or the Test of Honor ;" ""A Trip to Parnassus ; " " Fille de Chambre ; " " The Inquis itor;" "Mentoria; " and " Charlotte Temple," a highly popular novel. In America she pub. " Trials of the Heart," a novel ; " Slaves in Algiers," an opera ; " The Volunteers," a farce; and "The Female Patriot;" "Reuben and Rachel," a novel, Boston, 1798 ; and " Mis cellaneous Poems, 1804 ; " Sarah, or the Exem- 50 plary Wife," 1802 ; Spelling Dictionary, 1807 ; "Present for Young Ladies," 1811. She also compiled some educational works, a Dictionary, two systems of Geography and Historical Exer cises ; contrib. to the Boston Weekly Mag. In 1822 she pub. 2 vols. of " Biblical Dialogues." " Charlotte s Daughter," a sequel to " Charlotte Temple," app. in 1828. Memoirs of Mrs. Row- son by Elias Nason, 8vo, 1870. Royall, ANNE, authoress, b. in Va. June 11, 1769; d. Washington, D.C., Oct. 1, 1854. Kidnapped by the Indians in childhood, she was detained 15 years ; afterwards m. Capt. R., a Revol. officer, and lived in Ala. In Wash ington, she established in 1835 the papers Paul Pry and the Huntress. She published " Sketches," 1826 ; " The Tennessean," 1827 ; " The Black Book," 1828, a narrative of travels throughout the U.S., and criticisms of individual character, second series, 1831 ; "Letters from Alabama," 8vo, 1830. She wielded a sarcastic and often a bitter pen. Royall, ISAAC, loyalist ; d. England, Oct. 1781. Representative from Medford, Ms., to the Gen. Court, and for 22 years a member of the council. App. a brig.-gen. 1761, he was the first who bore that title here. He left the country, Apr. 16, 1775; was proscribed in 1778, and his estate confiscated. A dau. m. the second Sir Wm. Pepperell. He bequeathed upwards of 2,000 acres of land in Worcester Co. to found the first law professorship of H.U. ; and his bequests for other purposes were nu merous and liberal. Royce, STEPHEN, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1837), gov. of Vt. 1854-6, b. Tinmouth, Vt., 12 Aug. 1787; d. E. Berkshire, Vt., Nov. 11, 1868. Midd. Coll. 1807. Judge Sup. Court 1826-7 and 1829-52; chief justice 1846-51; member legisl. from Sheldon 1815-16, from St. Al- ban s 1822-4. Rucker, DANIEL H., brev. maj.-gen. U.S. A., b. on Grosse Isle, Detroit River. 2d lieut. 1st Dragoons, Oct. 1837; capt. Feb. 1847; brev. maj. for gallantry at Buena Vista, Mex. ; transf. to quarterm. dept. Nov. 30, 1849 ; maj. Aug. 3, 1861 ; col. and aide-de-camp, Sept. 1861; brig.-gen. U.S. vols. May, 1863; col. and assist, quarterm. -gen. July, 1866 ; brev. brig.-gen. and brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for faith ful and merit, service during the war. Henry s Milit. Record. Rudd, JOHN CHURCHILL, D.D., Epis. clergyman, b. Norwich, Ct., May 24, 1779 ; d. Utioa, Nov. 15, 1848. He received a good academical education ; was adm. to holy orders in 1805; was rector of St. John s, EHzabeth- town, N. J., until 1826 ; was rector of St. Pe ter s, Auburn, N.Y., 1826-31, having likewise the charge of an acad. for 3 years; in 1827 established the Gospel Messenger and Church Record, a weekly religious journal, of which he continued to be editor and proprietor until his death. Rudolph, MICHAEL, a brave Revol. officer, b. Md. ab. 1754; d. after 1794. With his bro. John he joined Maj. Henry Lee, at the head of Elk, in 1778, with rank of capt. in his Legion ; disting. himself greatly in many of the minor battles and sieges of the war in the south ; and after its close m. and settled in busi 780 RUM: ness in Savannah. He was subsequently col lector at Sunbury, Ga., where he cultivated a small farm. Entering the army again in 1790 as capt. 1st Inf., he served under Harmar in the North-west; became maj. of cav. ; resigned in 1794; afterward traded to the W. Indies, and was last heard of as having embarked for France to enter its military service. Ruffin, EDMUND, pres. Va. Agric. Soc., b. Prince Edward Co., Va., 1794; d. by his own hand near Danville, Va., June 17, 1865. He pub. " Essay on Calcareous Manures," 1831 ; "Report, &c., Agric. Survey of S.C.," 8vo, 1843; "Essays and Notes on Agric.," 8vo, 1855. Also editor Farmer s Register, 1833-42, 10 vols., and other agric. periodicals, and of the Westover Manuscripts, by William Byrd, 8vo, 1841. He was a noted secessionist, tired the first gun at Fort Sumter, and com mitted suicide because he would not live under the U.S. government. Ruffner, HENRY, D.D., LL.D., many years pres. of Lexington Coll., Va. ; d. at his residence in Kanawha, Va., Dec. 17, 1861, a. 72. Author of an argument against the con tinuance of slavery in Va. ; " The Fathers of the Desert," 2 vols. 12mo, 1850; "Judith Bensaddi," a romance ; discourse on Future Punishment, 1823 ; Inaug. Address, Lexing ton, Feb. 22, 1837. Ruger, THOMAS H., col. and brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. ab. 1833. West Point, 1854. Resigned 2 dlieut. engrs. 1 Apr. 1855; counsellor-at-law, Janesville, Wis., 1856-61 ; lieut.-col. 3d Wis. Vols. 29 June ; col. 20 Aug. 1861 ; brig.-gen. 29 Nov. 1862 ; col. 33d U.S. Inf. 28 July, 1866. He served in the Stenan- doah Valley in 1861-2; was at Cedar Moun tain and Antietam ; com. brigade of 12th corps at Chanceilorsville ; com. a division at Gettys burg ; com. a brigade in 20th corps in Atlanta campaign, May-Nov. 1864 ; com. div. 23d corps in operations against Hood s army, and in operations in N. C. until Johnston s surrender; brev. maj.-gen. vols. 30 Nov. 1864 for battle of Franklin, Tenn., and brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 1867 for Gettysburg. Trans, to 18th Inf. 15 Mar. 1869. Citllum. Ruggles, BENJAMIN, U.S. senator from O. 1815-33, b. Windham Co., Ct., 1783; d. St. Clairsville, O., Sept. 2, 1857. By keeping school in winter, he obtained the means for re ceiving a classical education ; was adm. to the bar; removed to Marietta, 0., but subsequent ly settled at St. Clairsville; and in 1810 was elected pres. judge of the C.C.P. for the third circuit. Lanman. Ruggles, DANIEL, maj.-gen. C.S.A., b. Barre, Ms. 31 Jan. ,1810. W.P., 33. Entering 5th Inf., he became 2d lieut. Feb. 18, 1836 ; 1st lieut. July 7 1838; capt. June 18, 1846; served in the Florida war; was disting. at Palo Alto and La Palma, and at the storming of Molino del Rey ; brev. maj. and lieut.-col. respectively for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco Aug. 20, anil at Chapul tepee Sept. 13, 1847 ; and resigned May 7, 1861. Made brig.-gen. in the Confed. army in 1861 ; served in N. Or leans in the winter of 1861-2, and retreated thence with the forces under Gen. M. Lovell before the surrender of the city to Flag-Officer Farragut; maj.-gen. in 1863; surrendered with Lee. Ruggles, EDWARD, M.D., physician and artist, b. Fall River, Ms., 1817 ; d. Brooklyn, N. Y., 10 Mar. 1867. While studying medicine in Paris, he also acquired skill as an artist, and after his return had a large medical practice, amusing his leisure hours at the easel. About 1867 some of bis pictures were exhibited; and the applause they received led him to devote himself to painting cabinet-pieces, which he produced with great rapidity, and which were highly popular. Ruggles, SAMUEL BULKLEY, LL.D., b. Ct. 1800. Y.C. 1814. Adm. to the N.Y. bar 1821; member N.Y. legisl. 1838; canal coin- miss. 1839; pres. of the board 1840 and 1858 ; U.S. commiss. to Paris Exposition 1866, to Internat. Monetary Conference, Paris, 1867, In- ternat. Statist. Confer, at the Hague, 1869; has pub. many pamphlets on subjects of Law, Po- lit. Economy, and Education. Allibotie. Ruggles, TIMOTHY, lawyer, po.itic.-ian, and loyalist, b. Rochester, Ms., 1 1 Oct. 1711; d. Wilmot, N. S., 4 Aug. 1795. H.U. 1732. Son of Rev. Timo., min. of Rochester 1710- 68. He practised law successfully at Sandwich, and then at Hard wick ; was a member of the legisl. in 1736; and at the battle of Lake George in 1755 was a brig.-gen., and second in com. App. judge of C.C.P. in 1756, and was chief justice from 1762 until the RevoL; speaker of the Assembly in 1762-3 ; many years an in fluential member of that body ; delegate to the Stamp-act Congress at N.Y. in 1765, and its pres., but refused to concur in its measures, and was reprimanded by the legisl. Adhering to the royal cause, he took refuge in Boston, where, in 1775, he endeavored, without success, to raise a corps of loyalists, and on the de parture of the British troops accomp. them to Nova Scotia, and became one of the proprie tors of the town of Digby. A wit, scholar, lawyer, he was rude in speech and manner, but was an impressive pleader and an able debater. In Mrs. Warren s dramatic piece, " The Group/ he figures as Brigadier Hateall. See Ward s Life of Curwen ; Sabine s Loyalists. Rumford, SIR BENJAMIN THOMPSON, count, physicist and statesman, b. Woburn, Ms., March 26, 1753 ; d. Auteuil, France, Aug. 21, 1814. His emig. ancestor James came to. N.E. ab. 1630, and settled in Charlestown, Ms. Receiving a common-school education, he en tered a counting-house in Salem at the age of 13, and while thus engaged, and also in school- teaching, employed much of his leisure in in vestigating medicine and physics, attending the lectures of Prof. Winthrop of H.U. He was a clerk in a store in Boston at the time of f he massacre in March, 1770. He next taught an acad. in Rumford, now Concord, N.H., and in 1772 m. Mrs. Rolfc, a wealthy widow of that place, and was made major of militia. This app. gave umbrage to older officers over whose heads he was placed, and was the origin of the persecution wnich afterward drove him into the British camp. He shared in the feelings of his countrymen, although not one of the intense patriots of the day, and tried in vain to obtain a commission in the Cont. army. He was RUM 787 RUS charged vvith disaffection, driven from his home, and afterwards from his step-father s residence in Woburn. He had a public hearing at Wo- burn, and, though not condemned, was not fully acquitted. Oct. 10, 1775, he left the Amer, lines, and after the fall of Boston was sent to Eng. by Gen. Howe with despatches. Employed by Lord Geo. Germaine, sec. of state for the Colonies, he became in 1780 under-sec.; on the retirement of Germaine, he returned to America, raised in N.Y. " The King s Ameri can Dragoons," and was comissioncd licut.-col. ; Feb. 24, 1 782, he succeeded, in the absence of Ma rion, in surprising his brigade, then under Col. Horry, dispersing it, and destroying its stores. Returning to Eng. at the close of the war, he was knighted, and in 1784 entered the service of the Elector of Bavaria as aide-de-camp and chamberlain. Here he re-organized the military service, suppressed beggary, and introduced numerous reforms ; among others was the con version of an old hunting-ground near Munich into a park, where, after his departure, the in habitants erected a monument in his honor. For his services he was made a State council lor, licut.-gen., minister of war, and count, tak ing the title of Rumford, his old residence. His health becoming feeble, he made a tour in Ita ly ; went to Eng. in Sept. 1795, where he was robbed of all his private papers, and original notes and observations on philosophical sub jects. He pub. the record of his labors in Ba varia in a series of essays. He discovered the leading principles upon which fireplaces and grates for coal are constructed, and many other economies in tne production and employment of heat, which he demonstrated to be only a mode of motion, one of the great discoveries of the age. Returning to Bavaria in 1796, he was app. head of the council of regency during the absence of the elector, and maintained the neutrality of Munich during the war between France and Austria, and was made supt. of the gen. police. At the end of two years, his health failing, he fixed his residence in Eng., where he founded the Roy. Institution ; in 1802 he fixed his residence in Paris; and in 1804 m. the widow of Lavoisier, but they soon sepa rated. He passed the rest of his life in philo sophical and chemical experiments. He con- trib. a large number of papers to scientific jour nals; made disco veries" in the strength of ma terials and the force of gunpowder, in light, heat, and illumination ; instituted prizes for discoveries in light and heat for the Roy. Soc. of Loud, and the Amer. Acad. of Sciences, of which he himself received the first on the for mer subject from the Roy. Soc. ; and he be queathed to H. U. the funds by which was founded its professorship of the application of science to the art of living in 1816. He left by hi.s first wife a dau., who bore the title of countess, and who resided in Concord, where she d. in 1852. Mad. Lavoisier d. Paris, Feb. 10, 1836, a. 81. His essays were pub. 3 vols. 8vo, 1796; Philosophical" Papers, 8vo, 1802. His Life by Rev. Geo. E. Ellis, D.D., to accorap. a complete edition of his works, to be issued in 4 vols. Svo, was pub. 8vo, Boston, 1871. Kumsey, JAMES, inventor, b. Bohemia Manor, Cecil Co., Md., 1743; d. London 23 Dec. 1792. In Sept. 1784 he exhibited on the Potomac a boat which was propelled against the stream by machinery. Washington wit nessed and certified to the fact. In Mar. 178 he propcUed a boat on the Potomac by a steam- engine and machinery of his own making, and obtained a patent in Va. in 1787. In 1788 the Rumsey Society, of which Franklin was a member, was formed in Phila. to aid him. He went to London, where a similar body was formed, a boat and machinery built for him ; and he obtained patents in Great Britain, France, and Holland. A successful experi ment was made on the Thames in Dec. 1792 ; and he was preparing another when his death occurred. In 1839 the Ky. legisl. presented a gold medal to his son, " commemorative of his father s services and high agency in giving to the world the benefit of the steamboat." He pub. a " Short Treatise on the Application of Steam," 1788. He made important improve ments in mill-machinery about 1784. Runkle, JOHN DANIEL, Ph.D. (Ham. Col. 1870), LL.D. (Wcsl. U. 1871), physicist, b. Root, Montg. Co.,N.Y., 11 Oct. 1822. "Law. Sci. School, Camb., 1851. He worked on his fa ther s farm until 21, then studied and taught until he entered the Sci. School in 1848. App. in 1849 assist, in the prep, of the "American Ephemeris and Naut. Almanac," with which he is still connected. In 1856 he pub. in the " Smithsonian Contribs." " New Tables for de termining the Values of the Co-efficients in the Perturbative Function of Planetary Motion," &c. ; and founded the Mathem. Monthly, of which 3 vols. were issued (1859-61). Elected in 1865 prof, of mathematics and analytic me chanics in the Ms. Institute of Technology, act- ing-pres. in 1868, and pres. in 1870. Rupp, ISAAC DANIEL, writer on agric., history, &c., b. near Harrisburg, Pa., 10 July, 1803. Publisher of " The Wandering Soul/ transl. from the Dutch, 1833 ; Pfeiffer s " Voy ages and Captivity in Algiers," 1836; "Prac tical Farmer," 1837. Author of " History of the Religious Denominations of the U.S.," 1844; histories of Lancaster Co., Svo, 1844; Berks and Lebanon, 8vo, 1844 ; York Co., Svo, 1845; Northampton, Lehigh, Carbon, Monroe, and Schuykill, &c. J> Svo, 1845; Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, &c., Svo, 1845 ; Northumberland, Huntingdon, Mifflin, &c., Svo, 1847; "Early History of Pennsylv. and the West," Svo, 1846. See for complete list of his publications Hist. Mag., Feb. 1871. RuschenbergeiVWiLLiAM S. W., M.D,, (U. of Pa. 1830), naturalist and author, b. Cumberland Co., N. J., Sept. 4, 1807. He was educated in New York and Phila. ; studied medicine; became a surgeon in the U.S.N., and between 1826 and 1834 made two voyages in the Pacific; from March,. 183 5, to Nov. 1837, he was fleet-surgeon for the E. India squadron which circumnavigated the globe. While in charire of the U.S. naval hospital at Brooklyn, N.Y. (1843-7), he organized the naval labora tory for supplying the service with unadulter ated drugs. After again visiting the E. Indies, in 1848, he was in 1849 made a member of the board to draw up plans and regulations for the U.S. Naval Acad. In Oct. 1854 he sailed as 788 RTJS surge-on of the Pacific squadron ; retired with rank of commodore 4 Sept. 1869. Among his works are, " Three Years in the Pacific," 1834 ; " A Voyage round the World, including an Embassy to Muscat and Siam,"1838; "Ele ments of Natural History," 1850 ; " A Lexicon of Terms used in Natural History," 1850; " Notes and Commentaries during a Voyage to Brazil and China in the Year 1848, 1854; notice of the origin, &c., of the Phila. Acad. of Nat Sciences, 8vo, 1852; besides numerous articles, on subjects connected with the navy, in the South. Lit, Messenger and Democ. Review. He has written much on medical and scientific subjects in various periodicals. Dwjckinck. Bush, BENJAMIN, M.D. (Edinb. 1768), LL.D., physician, and signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. on Poquestion Creek, near Phila., Dec. 24, 1745 ; d. Phila. Apr. 19, 1813. N. J. Coll. 1760. He studied medicine in Phila., Ediub., Lond., and Paris ; began practice in Phila, in Aug. 1769, and was made prof, of chemistry in the med. coll. there; in 1789 he succeeded to the chair of the theory and prac tice of medicine ; in 1791 was made prof, of the institutes and practice of medicine and clinical practice, and in 1796 received the additional chair of the practice of physic ; he was also for many years a physician in the Pa. Hospital. In the provincial conference of Pa. he moved the resolution to express in form its sentiments on the subject of a Decl. of Indep. ; was chair man of the com. to consider its expediency, and was elected to Congress in season to vote for that measure. In the same year he was m. to Julia, dau. of Richard Stockton of N. J., who d. 7 July, 1848, a. 89. In Apr. 1777 he was made surg.-gen. of the middle dept. ; and in July, 1777, phys.-gcn. He wrote 4 letters to the people of Pa. on their constitution of 1776, which he considered very defective, and which was soon after superseded by a new form of govt. In Feb. 1778 he resigned his position in the army on account of wrongs done to the soldiers in regard to the hospital-stores. Re suming practice in Phila., he planned there, ab. 1785, the first dispensatory in the U.S. In the State conv. he was a firm supporter of the Fed eral Constitution ; a member of the convention of Pa. to form a State constitution, and en deavored to procure the incorporation in it of his views upon public schools and a penal code, upon which he had previously written some es says. During the prevalence of yellow-fever in Phila. in 1793, Rush alone treated it success fully ; Dr. Ramsay, in his eulogium upon Rush, estimating that he saved not fewer than 6,000 of the inhabitants of Phila. from death. In a single day Dr. Rush visited and prescribed for upward of 100 patients. Cobbett, in his Peter Porcupine s Gazette, assaulted Rush and his treatment of the disease, carrying his hostility o such an extent, that a suit was brought against Cobbett, and a verdict of $5,000 ren dered against him. From the kings of Spain and Prussia, the queen of Etmria, and the em peror of Russia, he received marks of esteem for his medical character. Treasurer of the U.S. mint from 1799 until his death. From a part of his Journal written in his 17th year, and which he continued through life, we derive the only account of the yellow-fever of 1762 is Phila. His writings fire numerous. Between 1789 and 1804 he wrote 5 vols. of " Medical Inquiries and Observations," which have been reprinted. His essays literary, moral, and philos. appeared in 1798, were revised in 1806; "Diseases of the Mind," 1812; at an early day he had pub. a vol. of " Medical Tracts," containing essays upon temperance, health, exercise, &c. Disting. for philanthropy and piety, and was one of the originators, and until his death vice.-prcs., of the Phila. Bible Society. His latest labors were upon a work to have been called "The Medicine of the Bible," which he did not live to complete. Bush, JACOB, LL.D., many years pres. of the C. C. P. for Phila., b. 1746; d. there Jan. 5,1820. Bro. of Dr. Bcnj. N. J. Coll. 1765. In Dickinson s controversy with Reed, he wrote on the side of the former. He pub. in 1803 " Charges on Moral and Religious Subjects ; " " Character of Christ," 12mo, 1806 ; " " Chris tian Baptism," 8vo, 1819 ; "Resolve in Com mittee Chamber," Phila. Dec. 6, 1774. RE BECCA RUSH, his dau., pub. "Kelory," a novel, 1812. Bush, JAMES, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1809), phy sician, son of Dr. Benj., b. Phila. Mar. 1, 1786. d. there May 26, 1869. N. J. Coll. 1805. He achieved a high reputation as a physician, but later in life secluded himself among his books. Author of " Philosophy of the Human Voice ; " " Hamlet, a Dramatic Prelude," 1834 ; " Analy sis of the Human Intellect," 2 vols. 8vo, 1865 ; " Rhymes of Contrast on Wisdom and Folly," 8vo, 1869. He left about a million of dollars to the Phila. Library Company for the erection of the " Ridgewav Branch of the Phila, Li brary." Bush, RICHARD, statesman and diploma tist, son of Dr. Benj., b. Phila. Aug. 29, 1780 ; d. there July 30, 1859. N. J. Coll. 1797. Ilu studied law in Phila. ; was adm. to the bar in 1800; attained considerable repute hy his de fence of Duane, editor of the Aurora, on a charge of libel upon Gov. McKean ; was app. atty.-gen. of Pa. in Jan. 1811; and in Nov. comptroller of the U.S. treasury; removing to Washington, he was from 1814 to 1817 atty.- gen. of the U.S. ; was temporary sec. of state under Pres. Monroe in 1817; and in 1817-25 was minister to Eng., negotiating several im portant treaties, especially that of 1818 respect ing our fisheries, north-eastern boundary, &c. In 1825 Pres. Adams recalled him, and made him sec. of the treasury; in 1828 he was can didate for vice.-pres. on the same ticket with Pres. Adams; in 1829 he negotiated in Hol land an advantageous loan for the corpora tions of Washington, Georgetown, and Alex andria; in 1835 he was with Gen. Howard app. a commiss. to adjust the boundary dis pute between Ohio and Michigan; in" 1836 Pres. Jackson app. him commiss. to obtain tht Smithsonian legacy, then in the English court of chancery ; he was successful, and in Aug. 1838 returned with the entire amount, $515,169. Minister to France 1847-49. While a member of Mr. Madison s cabinet, he wrote frequently and vigorously for the newspapers in defence of the war with England ; and in 1833 wrotf RTJS 789 RTJS many able letters against the U.S. Bank. In 1815 he compiled an edition of the laws of the U. S. ; in 1833 he pub. " Memoranda of a Resi dence at the Court of St. James ; " in 1845 a second vol., " Comprising Incidents Official and Personal from 1819 to 1825;" "Washington in Domestic Life," 1857; and in 1860 a vol. of his " Occasional Productions." Rusk, GEN. THOMAS J., U. S. senator 1846-56, b. S.C. 1802 ; <L Nacogdoches, Texas, July 29, 1856. He practised law with success in Ga. Removed to Texas in the early part of 1 835 ; was a member of the conv. that declared Texas independent in Mar. 1836 ; was the first sec. of war; participated in the battle of San Jacinto, and took com. of the army after Gen. Houston was wounded, and until the or ganization of the const, govt. in Oct. 1836, when he was again app. sec. of war. He after wards com. several expeds. against the Indians ; served in the legisl. ; and as chief justice of the Sup. Court, which office he resigned early in 1842. In 1845 he was pres. of the conven tion that consummated the annexation of Tex as to the U.S. Lanman. Buss, HORACE P., inventor of the " Russ " pavement, b. 1820; d. Halifax, N.S., 31 Dec. 1 S62. lie had been for some time engaged in gold raining in Nova Scotia. Russell, COL. BENJAMIN, a Boston me chanic and journalist, b. Sept. 13, 1761; d. Jan. 4, 1845. He learned the trade of a print er with Isaiah Thomas. Served in the Revol. army, and while thus occupied contrib. to the columns of the Spy, pub. at Worcester by Mr. Thomas. Establishing himself at Boston in the printing-business, Mar. 24, 1784, he com menced the pub. of the Columbian Centinel, a semi-weekly journal, which for a long period had no equal in controlling public sentiment. Himself a powerful writer, he was aided by contributions from Ames, Pickering, Cabot, Lowell, Higginson,and other writers of eminent talent in the State. He withdrew from the editorship Nov. 1, 1828. He was 24 years the representative of Boston to the General Court ; several years in the State senate; was a mem ber of the exec, council, and of the Const. Conv. of 1820; and for some years an alderman of Boston. His bro. JOHN, editor of the Boston Gazette had a son, JOHN C., afterward named JOHN B. F. RUSSELL (b. Boston, Aug. 1800; d. Chicago, Jan. 7, 1861 ; West Point, 1818), attained rank of capt. Apr. 1830; resigned June, 1837; afterward a land-agent at Chi cago. Russell, DAVID ALLEN, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Salem, N.Y., Dec. 10, 1820; killed in battle of Opequan, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. West Point, 1845. Son of David, M.C. of N.Y. 1835-41, who d. 24 Nov. 1861, a. 61. Brcv. for gallantry at National Bridge and C.ITO Gordo; capt. 4th Inf. 22 June, 1854; m:j. 8th Inf. Aug. 9, 1862 ; lieut.-col. 7th Ms. Vols. Apr. 1861; col. 31 Jan. 1862; served through the important battles of 1862-3 ; brig - gen. Nov. 29, 1862; led the advance at the battle of Fredericksburg, and subsequently com. Howe s div. 6th corps ; disting. at Get tysburg, and in Gen. Grant s campaign from the Piapidan to the James; was wounded in the assault on Rappahannock Station, Nov. 7, 1863; May 6, 1864, the second day s battle in the Wilderness, his coolness and bravery saved the 6th corps from destruction ; May 9 he was put in com. of the 1st div. 6th corps, and was severely wounded at Cold Har bor; in July, 1864, he was transferred to the Army of the Shenandoah ; brev. lieut.-col. for peninsular campaign; col. 1 July, 1863, lor Gettysburg ; brig.-gen. for battle of Wilderness 6 May, 1864; and brev. maj.-gen. 19 Sept., 1864, for Opequan. Cullum. Russell, JONATHAN, LL.D., lawyer and politician, b. Providence, R.I., 1771 ; d. Milton, Ms., Feb. 16, 1832. Brown U. 1791. Bred to the law, he embarked in the pursuits of com merce; but his taste leaned towards politics. He was several years minister-plenipo. at Stockholm from 1814 ; and was one of the five commissioners who negotiated the treaty of Ghent in that year. On his return to this country, he settled at Mendon, Ms., and was M.C. in 1821-3. He was a versatile, forcible, and elegant writer. With the exception of the 4th-of-July oration delivered in Providence in 1800, and also his diplomatic corresp. while in Paris, London, and Stockholm, Mr. Russell left no pub. evidences of his literary abilities. Russell, RICHARD, came from Hereford shire, Eng., in 1640; d. Chaiiestown, May 14, 1676, a. 64. He was representative in 1646; speaker of the house 1648, 49, 54, 56, 58 ; as sist. 1659-76; and treasurer of the Colony 1644-76. His son JAMES, b. Charlestown, Ms., 1 Oct. 1640, d. 28 Apr. 1709. He was a representative in 1679; assist. 1680-6; one of Pros. Dudley s council ; member of the council of safety 1689, and a leader in the revol. movement of that day ; councillor under the new charter 1692 ; also a judge and treas urer of Ms. 1680-6. Russell, GEN. WILLIAM, Revol. officer, of Fincastle Co., Va. He was a gallant and efficient officer at the battle of Point Pleasant ; was a member of the Va. Const. Conv. of June, 1776 ; com. a Va. regt. during the Revol. war; and Nov. 8, 1783, was brev. brig.-gen. Revol. army. His son ROBERT, b. 1763, d. Galloway Co., Mo., 16 Jan. 1842, served with dist. in the Revol.; afterward served several years in the Va. legisl. ; ab. 1 792 settled near Lexington, Ky. ; and in 1835 removed to Mo. He filled many important offices in Ky. Russell, COL. WILLIAM, b. Va. 1753; d. Fayette Co., Ky., July 3, 1825. At the age of 16 he became a soldier in the Revol. army ; was a lieut. in Campbell s regt. at King s Moun tain, and rose to the rank of captain; he served in St. Glair s exped. ; com. the advance under Gen. Scott ; was lieut.-col. com. of a regt. of Ky. mounted volunteers, July 2, 1793 ; served under Wayne in 1794; col. 7th Inf. May 3, 1 808 ; com. exped. against the Indians at Pimartains-town, Oct. 1812; serving in all about 20 campaigns. He represented his county in both the Va. and Ky. legislatures. Russell, WILLIAM, educationist, b. Glas gow, Scotland, Apr. 28, 1798. He studied at the U. of Glasgow, and in 1817 came to Savan nah, Ga., where in 1819 he became the head of the Chatham Acad. In 1822-5 he taught RUT 790 RUT the New-Township Acad. and the New-Haven Grammar School. He next instructed classes in elocution in Andover, Cambridge, and Boston. In 1826-9 he edited the American Journal of Education, and then removed to German town, Pa., where he taught a school for young ladies several years. He afterward taught in Phila. and Boston and Andover. In 1 840 he established a seminary for teachers in N.H., and in 1853 removed it to Lancaster, Ms., where he long resided as director of the Normal Institute. He prepared many treatises on education, and text-books for schools, especially in reading and elocution; d. Aug. 16, 1873. Ruter, MARTIN, D.D. (Trans. U. 1822), pros, of Augusta Coll., Ky., 1827-32, b. Charl- ton, Ms., Apr. 3, 1785; d. Texas, May 16, 1838. With but -a common-school education, he was licensed to preach in June, 1801, when little more than 16 years of age, by the Meth. conf. ; was actively employed as an itinerant preacher, becoming well versed in the lan guages, history, and science. At one time he had charge of the New-Market Wesleyan Acad., and in 1820 was app. to the agency of the Western Book Establishment at Cincinnati. He presided over Alleg. Coll. in 1834-7 ; after ward supt. of the new missions in Texas, but soon sank under the toil and exposure to which he was subjected. He pub. " Collection of Miscellaneous Pieces;" "Notes on the Ninth Chap, of Romans ; " " Sketch of Calvin s Life and Doctrines ; " " History of Martyrs," 12mo, 1834 ; " Eccles. History," 8vo, &c. Rutgers, COL. HENRY, patriot and philan thropist of N.Y. City; d. Feb. 17, 1830, a. 84. Col. Coll. 1766. A capt. in the Revol. army, and fought at Brooklyn. His house was occu pied by the British as a hospital and barrack. In 1807 he delivered an address on laying the corner-stone of the D. R. Church in Orchard Street. He was a useful, respected, and wealthy citizen, a decided partisan in politics, and was very charitable both to public and private objects. Member N.Y. Assembly, and a regent N. Y.S. University 1802-26. Rutherford, GEN. GRIFFITH, b. in Ire land ; d. in Tenn. after 1794. He resided west of Salisbury, in the Locke Settlement, N.C., and in 1775 represented Rowcna Co. in the con vention at Newbern. In 1776 he led a large force into the Cherokee country, and assisted the people of S.C. in destroying their corn fields and settlements. App. a brigadier by the Prov. Congress in Apr. 1776; com. a brigade in the battle near Camden in Aug. 1780; was taken prisoner; and, having been exchanged, com. at Wilmington when it was evacuated by the British at the close of the war. He was a State senator in 1784, and soon after removed to Tenn. ; pres. of the Tenn. legisl. council in Sept. 1794. A county in N.C. and in Tenn. bears his name. He was brave and patriotic, but uncultivated in mind and man ners. Rutledge, EDWARD, signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Charleston, S.C., Nov. 23, 1749 ; d. Jan. 23, 1800. Son of Dr. John, who came from Ireland about 17,35. He was the bro. of John, in whose office he studied law; to com plete which, in 1769 he went to Eng., and was entered at the Temple. On his return in 177S he commenced practice, and was obtaining distinction, when he was chosen to the First Congress assembled at Phila. in 1794. He continued a member until 1777, taking an active part in the debates. In June, 1776, he was app. a member of the first board of Avar. He was one of the com. to confer with Lord Howe, one of the British commissioners. Again app. to Congress in 1779, he was prevented by indisposition from taking his seat. His native State having become the theatre of war, Mr. Rutledge com. a company of art., which suc ceeded in dislodging a party of regular troops from Port-Royal Island. In 1780 he was made prisoner at Charleston, and suffered a year s confinement at St. Augustine before he was exchanged. He resided near Phila. until the evacuation of Charleston in 1782, when, as a member of the Assembly convened at Jackson- borough, he assented to the adoption of a bill of pains and penalties, though leniently in clined. He then returned home, and resumed the practice of his profession. In the legisl. of the State he drew up the act for the aboli tion of the rights of primogeniture ; he was opposed to the further increase of African slavery in the South, and an untiring advocate of the Federal Constitution. He was subse quently col. of a regt. of art., and supplied the place of Gen. Pinckney in the senate in 1794. In 1798 he was elected gov. He declined a seat on the bench of the U.S. Supreme Court. Rutledge, REV. EDWARD of S.C. ; d. Savannah, Ga., 1832. Y.C. 1817. Prof, moral philos. U. of Pa., and pres.-elect of Transylv. U. Pub. "Family Altar," "History of the Church of England," 12mo, 1825. Allibone. Rutledge, FRANCIS HUGER, D.D. (Hob. Coll. 1844), Prot.-Epis. bishop of Florida, b. Charleston, S.C., 1799; d. Tallahassee, Fla., 6 Nov. 1866. Y.C. 1821. Son of Chancellor Hugh. He studied in the Prot.-Epis. Gen. Theol. Sem. ; was ord. deacon in 1823, priest 20 Nov. 1825, and bishop 15 Oct. 1851. He became rector of Trin. Church, St. Augustine, in 1839, and in 1845 of St. John s Church, Tallahassee. Y. C. Obit. Record. Rutledge, HUGH, elder bro. of Edward, d. Jan. 1811. In 1776 he was app. judge of the S.C. Court of Admiralty; in 1777 was speaker of the legisl. council, and in 1782-5 of the h. of representatives, having in 1780 shared his brother s captivity at St. Augustine. From 1791 till his death he was chancellor of the State. Rutledge, JOHN, bro. of Edward, states man and jurist, b. of Irish parentage, Charles ton, S.C., 1739 ; d. July 23, 1800. He studied law at the Temple, Lond. ; returned to Charles ton in 1761, and attained at once prominent rank as an advocate. He was a leading mem ber of the Stamp-act Congress at N.Y. in 1765, and of the S.C. convention in 1774, bv which he was chosen a delegate to the Congress at Phila. He successfully resisted the attempt to limit the powers of the delegates, sustained in Congress the boldest measures, and was pronounced by Patrick Henry the greatest orator there. He was re-appointed to Congress in 1775; and in the S.C. convention of 1776 RTJX T91 was chairman of the com. which prepared the constitution of that State, and was without opposition elected pres. of the new govt. When Fort Moultrie was attacked by the Brit ish in June, Rutledge, against the advice of Gen. Lee, sent to it 500 Ibs. of powder, and di rected Moultrie not to evacuate it without an order from him ; adding, " I would sooner cut off my right hand than write one." He re signed in 1 778, but, on the approach of the Brit ish in 1779, was chosen gov., and clothed with dictatorial power. When in 1 780 Charleston fell, Kiitledge retired to N.C., and for nearly two years accomp. and aided the Southern army. He was elected to Congress in 1782, having retired from the governorship ; was chosen chancellor of the State in March, 1784; and, while holding that office, became a member of the conv. for framing the Federal Constitution, in which he bore a prominent part, and in the State convention strongly supported its ratifi cation. In Sept. 1789 he was app. an assoc. j udge of the U. S. Supreme Court ; which office he resigned in 1791, when he was elected chief just ice of S.C. In July, 1795, Washington app. him chief justice of the U.S., and he presided at the succeeding term of the Supreme Court; but the senate, on assembling in Dec., for poli tical reasons refused to confirm the appoint ment. Previously, however, an attack of sick ness had deprived Rutledge of his reason, in which condition he died. He was disting. for eloquence, decision of character, and integrity. His son Gen. JOHN, M.C. 1797-1803, d. Phila. Sept. 1, 1819, a. 53. Ruxton, GEORGE FREDERICK, an Eng lish traveller, b. 1820; d. St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 29, 1848. At the age of 17 he left the military coll. of Sandhurst to enlist in the Spanish army against Don Carlos, and rendered valuable services. On his return to Eng. in 1839, he received a lieutenant s commission in the 89th, with which he went to Canada, but, soon re signing, spent some years among the Indians and trappers of the West, graphically depicted in his " Adventures in the Eocky Mountains and Mexico," and " Life in the Far West." He afterward made journeys to N. and S. Africa and to Mexico ; and in 1 848 again started from Eng. for the Rocky Mountains, but died on the way. Ryder, JAMES, D.D., a Catholic divine, and scholar, b. Dublin, Oct. 1800; d. Phila. Jan. 12, 1860. He came young to America ; in 1813 entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus, and for 5 years studied at Georgetown Coll. ; in 1820 he went to Rome, where he studied theology 5 years. After his ordination in 1825, he was a teacher of theology and the Scriptures in the Coll. of Spoleto for three years ; returned to America, and was for several years vice-pres. of Georgetown Coll. In 1839 he was pastor of the cong. of St. Joseph s Church, Phila., and afterward of St. John s Church, Frederick, Md. From 1840 to 1845, and from 1848 to 1851, he was pres. of George town Coll. ; and from 1846 to 1848, pres. of the Coll. of the Holy Cross at Worcester, Ms. He was exceedingly popular as a lecturer and pulpit orator. A contrib. to the " Encyclopaedia Americana ; " and some of his discourses have been printed. Hist. Magazine, iv. 94. Ryerson, ADOLPHUS EGERTON, D.D., (Wesl. U. 1842), LL.D., clergyman and educa tionist, b. Charlotte ville, U.C., March 24, 1803. His father Col. Joseph was a half-pay officer in the British service in the Amer. Re vol., and emigrated to N. Brunswick, and afterward to Canada in 1793. The son became a teacher ; in 1825 was ord. deacon in the M. E. Church of Canada, and for the 4 years following officiat ed as an itinerant minister ; in 1829, after that church became independent, he aided in es tablishing, and for some years edited, the Guar dian, its official organ; in 1841 he was app. principal of the U. of Coburg: app. in 18*4 supt. of public schools for Upper Canada; now (1871) pres. Victoria Coll. The year 1845 he spent in the U.S., studying the methods of public elementary education. In 1849 he pub. a report of his tour, and prepared the bill which now forms the basis of the Upper-Canada common-school system. Dr. Ryerson has pre pared a history of Canada and of the " United- Empire Loyalists." Sabin, JOSEPH, bibliographer, b. Braun- ston, Eng., 1821. Some years a bookseller in Oxford, and since 1848 in New York. In 1867 he began to pub. in parts a dictionary of books relating to Amer. ; has reprinted a number of rare American works, and contrib. to various periodicals. The "Amer. Bibliopolist " was begun by Sabin Sons, 1 Jan. 1869. Allibone. Sabine, LORENZO, hist, writer (son of Elijah H.), b. Lisbon, N. H., Feb. 28, 1803. Self-educated. He was bred a merchant ; was for many years a bank-officer, and subsequently sec. of the Boston Board of Trade ; three times a member of the Me. legisl. from Eastport; was at one time dep.-coll. of the port of Passa- maquoddy ; has held in Ms. the position of agent of the U.S. treas. dept., and was M.C. in 1851-3. Authorof a " Life of Commodore Pre- ble," 1847, in " Sparks s Amer. Biog. ; " " The American Loyalists," enlarged to 2 vols. 1864 ; " Report on the Fisheries," 1853; and " Notes on Duels and Duelling," 1855; and has been a contrib. to the N. A. Review and to the Chris. Examiner. The degree of A.M. was conferred upon him by Bowd. and Harv. Colleges. Sept. 13, 1859, he delivered an address on the 100th anniv. of the death of Gen. Wolfe, before the N.E. Hist, and Geneal. Soc., Boston ; pub. soon after with notes ; d. Bos. Highlands, Apr. 14, 77. Sacket, DELOS B., brev. maj. -gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1845. Entering the 2d Dragoons, he served in Mexico, and was brev. for Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palina ; capt. 1st Cav. 3 Mar. 1855 ; maj. 31 Jan. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 2d Cav. 3 May, 1861; col. and insp.- gen. 1 Oct. 1861. He served through the Pen insular and Md. campaigns on McClellan a staff, and on that of Gen. Burnside at the bat tle of Fredericks burg ; and was brev. brig, and maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Cullum. Sadlier, MARY ANNE (MADDEN), au thoress, b. Cootehill, Cavan Co., Ireland, Dec. 31, 1820. At an early age she began to con tribute to La Belle Assembles in London. After the death of her parents, she with a younger bro. settled in Montreal, where she pub. "Tales of the Olden Time." In 1846 she HI. Mr. James Sadlier, Catholic publisher, 792 and now resides in N.Y. She has written Catholic tales, and contrib. to leading Catholic papers in America. See list of her works in Kelly s Amer. Cat. of Books, 1866. Saffold, REUBEN, jurist, b. Wilkes Co., Ga., Sept. 4, 1788; d. Dallas Co., Ala., Feb. 15, 1847. After practising law in Ga., he in 1813 removed to Jackson, Ala., where, during the Indian troubles, he com. a vol. company, serving also several times in the Terr, legisl. of Mpi. ; was in 1819 in the State Const. Conv. ; in Dec. 1819 was app. one of the cir cuit judges, becoming also a member of the Supreme Court; in 1832 was one of the 3 judges app. to the Supreme bench, of which, in 1835-6, he was chief justice. Safford, TRUMAN HENRY, mathematician and astron., b. Royalton, Vt, 6 Jan. 1836. H.U. 1 854. His youthful precocity was remarkable. In his 9th year he could multiply mentally four figures by four figures as rapidly as it could be done with slate arid pencil, and could also ex tract the square and cube roots of 9 or 10 places of figures. His first almanac was pre pared in 1845, at the age of nine and a half years. At 14 he astonished the learned world by the production of the elliptic elements of the first comet of 1849. By a method of his own, young Safford abridged the labor of cal culating moon risings and settings by one- fourth, and that of calculating eclipses by one- third. He required the longest and most dif ficult question to be read to him but once, and his answers were usually given without effort or fatigue. Prof. Pierce said of him in 1846, that his knowledge and the capacity to acquire it " is accompanied with powers of abstraction and concentration rarely possessed at any age except by minds of the highest order." In Mar. 1863 he was made adjunct observer at the Cambridge Observatory, acting director in Feb. 1865 ; and 28 Dec. 1865 he became direct or of the Chicago Observatory, which post he yet holds. In 1863 he determined the right ascension of 1,700 stars, and the declination of 450. In 1865 he observed over 6,000 transits, an extensive series of which, commenced in 1862, is completed. After the death of Prof. G. P. Bond, 17 Feb. 1865, the incomplete re port of his valuable discoveries in the constel lation of Orion was written out in full by Mr. Safford, constituting the 5th vol. of the Annals of the Observatory. See Ladies Repos., (7m., 1849, for ace. of the diff. examinations of young Safford, and notice of his life. Safford, WILLIAM H., b. Parkersburg, Va., 1821 ; in 1848 removed to Chillicothe, O. ; member Ohio senate 1858-60. Author of " Lite of Blennerhassett," 12mo, 1850; " The Biennerhassett Papers," 8vo, 1864. Allibone. Sahagun de (da sa-a-goon ), BERNAR DINO, a Franciscan friar, b. Sahagun, Spain ; a missionary to Mexico in 1529; d. 1590. Au thor of a valuable history, " Historia Univer sal de Nueva Espana," first pub. in Mexico in 1829. St. Clair, ARTHUR, maj.-gen. Revol. army, b. Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, 1734 ; d. Laurel Hill, Pa., 31 Aug. 1818. U. of Edinb. Grandson of the Earl of Roslyn. He studied medicine with the celebrated John Hunter in Lond., but, inheriting a large sum of money on the death of his mother, purchased an ensigncy 60th Foot, 13 May, 1757 ; came in Boscawen s fleet to Amer. in 1758 ; served under Amherst at the taking of Louisburg ; was made a licut, 17 Apr. 1759 ; and was disting. under Wolfe at Quebec. May 14, 1760, he m. at Boston Phe- be, dau. of Balthazar Bayard and Marv Bow- doin, a half-sister of Gov. James Bowdoin. Resigned his com. 16 Apr. 1762, and in 1764 settled in the Ligonier Valley, Pa., where he erected mills and also a fine residence. App. in 1770 surveyor of the Dist. of Cumberland ; a justice of the Court of Quarter Sessions and of C.C.P., and a member of the proprietary council ; in 1771 a justice, recorder, clerk of the orphans court, and prothonotary of Bed ford, and in 1773 of Westmoreland Countv. In July, 1775, he became col. of militia, and in the fall accomp. as sec. the commissioners, James Wilson, Lewis Morris, and Dr. Walker, to treat with the Western tribes at Fort Pitt; col. 2d Pa. Regt. 3 Jan. 1776, ordered to Cana da Feb. 16 ; joined Sullivan, and, after the disastrous affair at Three Rivers, aided that officer by his counsel in saving his army from capture; brig.-gen. 9 Aug. 1776; maj.-gen. 19 Feb. 1777. In Jan. 1776, St. Clair resigned all his lucrative civil offices. Joining Washing ton in Nov. 1776, he was at once app. to or ganize the N. J. militia. He recommended in council on the night of 2 Jan. 1777 the flank- movement which brought on the battle of Princeton, at which he rendered valuable ser vice by protecting the fords of Assanpink. Af ter performing for a short time the duties of adj. -gen. of the army, he in March succeeded Gates in com. at Phila., and Apr. 1 took com. of Ticonderoga, which, on the night of 4 July, he was obliged to evacuate, his force being wholly inadequate to its defence. A court- martial held in Sept. 1778 declared that "Maj.- Gen. St. Clair is acquitted with the highest honor of the charges against him." Though unemployed, in deference to the public clamor against him, he remained one of Washington s military family, acting as his vol. aide at Bran- dywine (Sept. 11, 1777); assisted Sullivan in preparing his exped. against the Six Nations ; was one of the commiss. to arrange a cartel with the British at Amboy 9 Mar. 1780 ; Aug. 1 was app. to com. the corps of light inf. in the absence of Lafayette ; was a member of the court-martial which condemned Maj. An dre; com. at West Point from Oct. 1 ; aided in suppressing the mutiny in the Pa. line in Jan. 1781 ; was active in raising and forward ing troops to the South; and in Oct. joined Washington, and participated in the capture of Cornwallis at Yorktown. In Nov. he was placed in com. of a body of troops to effect a junction with Greene, and remained in the South until Oct. 1782. Member of the Pa. council of censors 1783; delegate to Con gress 2 Nov. 1785-28 Nov. 1787 ; pres. of that body 2 Feb.-28 Nov. 1787; chosen a member Amer. Philos. Soc. 1786; app. gov. N. W. Terr. 1 Feb. 1788 ; made a treaty with Indian tribes at Fort Harmar in 1789; Jan. 1790 he fixed the seat of justice of the Terr, at Cincin nati, giving it the name in honor of the soc of 793 which he was pres. for Pa. in 1783-9; app. gen.-in-chief of the army 4 Mar. 1791, he moved against the Indians of the Miami and the Wabash, suffering so severely from gout as to have to be carried about on a litter. The proximity of the foe was communicated by the scouts on the night of Nov. 3 to Gen. Butler, 2d in com., but not to St. Clair. About sun rise on the morning of the 4th, an attack was made by the Indians; and, in spite of St. Glair s exertions, he was defeated, losing 600 men out of a force of 1,400. A com. of investigation, app. by Congress, after a thorough examina tion, completely vindicated him. He resigned his generalcy 5 Mar. 1792, and 22 Nov. 1802 he was removed from his governorship by Jef ferson. Retiring to a small log-house on the summit of Chestnut Ridge, he passed the re mainder of his days in poverty, vainly endeav oring to effect a settlement of his claims against the govt. The legisl. of Pa. in 1813 granted him an annuity of $400, and a short time before his death he received a pension from the govt. of $60 per month. He pub. a narr. of his campaign of 1791, with observations on the statements of the sec. of war, 1812. A. T. Goodman s Memoir, from St. Clair s papers. St. Leger, OOL. BARRY, a British officer ; d. in 1789. He entered the army, Apr. 27, 1756, as ensign 28th Foot; accomp. his regt. to Amer. in 1757 ; served at the siege of Louis- burg in 1758 as capt. in the 48th, and afterwards under Wolfe at Quebec. In July, 1760, he was app. brigade major ; became major of the 95th, Sept. 16, 1662; lieut.-col. May, 1772 ; in May, 1775, was app. to the 34th Foot, and was sent soon after to Canada. He com. the unsuccess ful exped. against Fort Schuyler in Aug. 1777, intended to co-operate with Burgoyne, when he held the local rank of brigadier, and be came a col. in Nov. 1780. Saint Simon (san sermon ), CLAUDE ANNE, Marquis de, a Spanish gen., b. at the Gastle of La Faye, France, 1743; d. 3 Jan. 1819. He studied at the school of artillery at Strasburg; disting. himself in Flanders; was made chief of brigade of the body-guard of the king of Poland in 1758; Jan. 2, 1770, brigadier; Sept. 12, Chevalier of St. Louis; Aug. 4, 1771, col. of the regt. of Poitiers, and of that of Touraine June 29, 1775. At the close of 1779 he sailed with his regt. for Mar tinique, and sustained during the voyage 3 ac tions with Rodney; Mar. 1, 1780, he entered the service of Spain as marechal-de-camp, and was sent to America with a corps of 2,000 men, which he com. during the remainder of the war, receiving several wounds, and contrib. to the successful siege of Yorktown. A dep. to the sta;es-gcn. in 1789 ; he returned to Spain, and at the affair of Irun received a ball through his neck ; soon afterwards made lieut.- gen. ; he was again wounded by a ball in the breast while defending the position of Argensu ; and in 1808, when the French attacked Madrid, defended it courageously, but was made pris oner, and condemned to death, which sentence was afterward commuted at the intercession of his dau. After the re-establishment of Ferdinand VII., in 1814, Saint Simon returned to Spain, and was made capt.-gen. and a grandee of Spain. Saint Vallier (san va -lea ), JEAN BAP TISTE DE LACROIX, CHEVRIERE de, second bishop of Quebec, b. Grenoble, Nov. 14, 1653; d. Quebec, Dec. 26, 1727. He was chaplain to Louis XIV. in 1684, when he was app. vicar- gen, by Bishop de Laval. He arrived in Can ada July 30, 1685; returned to Paris in Nov. 1687; was consec. bishop of Quebec Jan. 25, 1688; and in Aug. returned to Canada. He founded the Gen. Hospital of Quebec ; revisit ed France ; and on his return to Canada, in July, 1704, was captured by the English, and remained prisoner until 1709. He pub. in Paris in 1688, " J^tat pr&ent de I Eglise et de la Colonie Francoise dans la Nouvelle France" also pub. under the title of " Relation des Mis sions de la Nouvelle France." Salaberry, COL. CHARLES MICHEL, D !- RAMBERRY, Seigneur de Chambly et de Beau- lac, a Canadian soldier, born at the Manor House of Beauport, Canada, Nov. 19, 1778; d. Chambly, Feb. 26, 1829. Son of a member of the legisl. council, and descended from a noble family of Navarre. Entering the army young, he served 11 years in the W. Indies; was at the conquest of Martinique in 1795; became aide-de-camp to Gen. de Rotten burg, and served in the Walcheren exped. ; returning to Canada, he organized the Voltigeurs; re pulsed Dearborn s forces at Lacolle, at the close of 1812; and at Chateauguay, Oct. 26, 1813, gained a decisive victory over Gen. "VVade Hampton. For these services he received a gold medal, the order of the Bath, and the thenks of the prov. legisl. He was afterward a senator, at the same time entering the legisl. council as Monseigneur Plessis. More/an. Salomon, GEN. FREDERICK, b. near Hal- berstadt, Prussia, Apr. 7, 1826. He received his early education at the gymnasium there ; became a govt. surveyor ; served in the Prussian art. ; and in 1848 became a pupil in the Royal Berlin Acad. of Architecture. He soon after emigrated to the U.S. with his bro. Wm. (gov. of Wis. 1862-3) ; settled at Manitowoc, Wis., where he was a surveyor ; was 4 years register of deeds, and chief engr. on the Manitowoc and Mpi. Railroad until 1859 ; in the spring of 1861 he became capt. in the 5th Mo. Vols., and served under Sigel in the battle of Wil son s Creek ; col. 9th Wis. Vols. in Aug. 1861 ; brig.-gen. July 16, 1862, and assigned to a brigade in Kansas. Salomon, HAYNE. financier, b. of Hebrew Barents at Lissa, Poland, ab. 1740; d. Phila., 785. Emig. to Amer. before the Revol., he established himself as a merchant and banker in Phila., and accumulated a large fortune, which he devoted to the use of the Americans during the war. He negotiated the war subsi dies obtained from France and Holland ; acted as paym.-gen. of the French forces in Amer. At the time of his death, the govt. was indebted to Mr. Salomon $400,000. His descendants have urged the claim, which has teen several times favorably reported upon by committees of Congress. Salnave, SILVAIN, pres. of the repub. of Hayti, b. city of Cape Haytien, 1832 ; execut ed at Port-au-Prince, Jan. 10, 1870. Entering the army as a common soldier, he was a capt 794 of cavalry, when, in Dec. 1858, Geffravd over threw die emperor Soulouque. Salnave, though chiefly instrumental in this revolution, was re warded only with the rank of rnaj. Again his services were conspicuous in the repulse of the Spanish invading army; and, feeling himself aggrieved by the course of Geffrard, he com menced a revolutionary movement, which drove the former from Hayti, and raised him to pow er in Mar. 1867. Another revolution, begun in Nov. 1869 by Domingue and Saget, resulted in his overthrow and death. Salter, RICHARD, D.D. (Y.C. 1782), min ister of Mansfield, Ct., from June 27, 1744, to his death, Apr. 14, 1787 ; b. Boston, 1723. H.U. 1739. He had studied both medicine and theology. He gave to Yale Coll. a farm worth $2,000 to promote the study of Hebrew and other languages. Salter, WILLIAM D., commo. U.S.N., b. N.Y. 1794; d. Elizabeth, N. J., Jan. 5, 1869. Midshipin. Nov. 15,1809; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; master, Mar. 3, 1831; capt. Mar. 3, 1839; commo. (retired list) July 16, 1862. He served in " The Constitution " in her action with "The Guerriere," Aug. 19, 1812. Performed other gallant services; com. the Brooklyn navy- yard in 1856-9 ; and in 1 863-6 was a commiss. to examine vessels for the war department. Saltonstall, DUDLEY, comrno. in the Con tinental navy, b. Sept. 8, 1738 ; d. 1796, in the W. Indies. Son of Gen. Gurdon S. Capt. of " The Alfred," in Hopkins s fleet, Feb. 1776. Saltonstall, GURDON, clergyman, and gov. of Ct. from 1707 till his death/ Oct. 1, 1724; b. Haverhill, Ms., Mar. 27, 1666. H.U. 1684. Ord. minister of N. London, Nov. 25, 1691. His father Col. Nathan was grandson of Sir Richard. He was disting. as an orator, divine, and statesman, and bequeathed to H.U. 1,000 to educate students for the ministry. Saltonstall, GURDON, b. Dec. 22, 1708; d. Norwich, Ct., Sept. 19, 1785. Y.C. 1725. Made brig.-gen. Ct. forces 10 Sept. 1776 f cashiered 7 Oct. 1779 for misconduct in the Penobscot expedition. Saltonstall, LEVERETT, LL.D. (H. U. 1838), lawyer and scholar, b. Haverhill, Ms., June 13, 1783 ; d. Salem, May 8, 1845. H.U. 1802. Son of Dr. Nathaniel. Educated at Phillips Acad. and at H.U. Commenced the practice of law at Salem in 1805, and soon secured a large and profitable business. State senator in 1831 ; mayor of Salem 1836-8 ; M. C. 1838-43. Member of the Ms. Hist. Soc. as well as of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. In his will he made provision for increasing the libraries of Phillips Acad. and H. U. Au thor of an " Hist. Sketch of Haverhill," in Ms. Hist., Colls., iv., 2d series. Saltonstall, SIR RICHARD, one of the fathers of Ms. Colony, and ancestor of those bearing that name in N. England, b. Halifax, Eng., 1586; d. Eng. ab. 1658. Neph. of Sir Richard, lord-mayor of London in 1597; came over with Gov. Winthrop in 1630 ; was an as sist, in that year, and commenced with Mr. Phillips the settlement of Watertown, but re turned, discouraged, to Eng. the next year. A liberal Puritan, he was through life the friend of the Colony, and also a patentee of Ct. In 1651 he wrote a letter to Cotton and Wilson, re proving the tyranny and persecutions in N.E., "as that they fined, whipped, and imprisoned men for their consciences." His son RICHARD, b. at Woodsome, Yorkshire, 1610, d. at Hulme, Eng., Apr. 29, 1694, a. 84. Settled at Ipswich, and was an assist, in 1637. He protested against the introduction of negro slavery, and was the friend of Goffe and Whalley. Saltonstall, RICHARD, jurist, b. Haver hill, June 14, 1703 ; d. Oct. 20,1756. H.U. 1722. Nephew of the gov. ; was a representa tive from Haverhill as early as 1728; subse quently a member of the council ; and was in 1736 app. a judgeof the Superior Court, which he resigned a few months before his death, on account of ill health. Chairman of the com. for settling the boundary-line between Ms. and N.H. 1737. He was a scientific and practical farmer. Of his sons, RICHARD (b. 5 Apr. 1732, d. Kensington, Eng., 1 Oct. 1785, H.U. 1751) was a col. in the French war (1756-60), sheriff of Essex Co., and as a loyalist went to Eng., where he received a pension. NATHANIEL, a dist. physician and patriot of Haverhill, b. 10 Feb. 1746, d. 15 May, 1815 ; H.U. 1766. LEV ERETT (b. 25 Dec. 1754) became a capt., served under Cornwallis, and d. N.Y. 20 Dec. 1782. Salvert, PERRIER DU, gov. of La. 1726- 32. In 1730 he led an army against the Natchez, and utterly subjugated that, nation. He held a commission in the marine, and was a knight of St. Louis ; on returning to France he was rewarded for his services with the rank of lieut.-gen. In 1755 he was sent in com. of a fleet for the protection of St. Domingo, and served at the head of a squadron in the war declared in 1756. O Callaghan. Sampson, DEBORAH, who served 3 years as a soldier in the Revol. army, b. Plympton, Ms., 17 Dec. 1760; d. 29 Apr. 1827. Her poverty and her patriotism led her to enlist in the 4th Ms. Regt. under the name of Robert Shurtleff. She was wounded in a skirmish at Tarry town ; was present at York town ; and after the war m. Benjamin Gannett, a farmer of Sharon, and received a pension. She pub. "Female Review" (12mo, Dedham, 1797), probably written by herself. A new ed., with introd. and notes by Rev. John A. Vinton, was pub. 1866. Sampson, REV. EZRA, clergyman and author, b. Middleborough, Ms., 12 Feb. 1749 ; d. N. York City, 12 Dec. 1823. Y. C. 1773. Settled at Plympton, Ms., 15 Feb. 1775, and of ficiated as chaplain in the army at Cambridge in the 1 st Revol. campaign ; dismissed 4 Apr. 1796. He settled at Hudson 1797, and associated himself in 1801-4 with Rev. Harry Croswell in the editorship of the Balance, one of the first literary journals of the country. Pub. " Beau ties of the Bible," 1802; "Historical Diction ary," " The Sham Patriot Unmasked," 1803 ; and " The Brief Remarker," a series of es says collected from the Hartford Courant, and pub. 1820, repttb. in 1835; also a "Sermon to Soldiers," 1775. Besides his clerical of fices, he has sustained with ability several judi cial and scientific appointments ; app. judge of the Columbia Co. Court in Apr. 1814. See Sampson Family, by Vinton, 795 Sampson, FRANCIS S., D.D., b. 1814; d. 1854. U. of Va. 1836. Ord. 1841. Prof, of Orient, languages in the Va. Theol. Sem. in 1848. He was a scholar of repute, and author of a Commentary on the Hebrews, 1856. Sampson, WILLIAM, lawyer and author, b. Londonderry, Ireland, Jan. 17, 1764 ; d. N.Y. Dec. 27, 1836. Son of an Episcopal clergy man. One of the " United Irishmen," and a refugee from his native land ; he came to N.Y. in 1807, and established himself in the practice of the law. He pub. his Memoirs, 1807; a report on a trial for libel, 1807 ; speech on the trial of James Cheetham, 1810 ; trial of Jour neymen Cordvvainers; " Is a Whale a Fish"? " being a report, &c., 1819; Discourse before N.Y. Hist. Society, 1824; "Sampson against the Philistines," 8vo, 1805; "Catholic Ques tion in America," 1813. A collection of his miscellaneous writings appeared in 1808. Sainson, GEORGE WHITEPIELD, D.D. (Col. Coll., D.C., 1858), Baptist divine; b. Harvard, Ms., Sept. 29, 1819. Brown U. 1839; Newton Theol. Inst. 1843. Pastor of the 4 St. Baptist Church, Washington, D.C., till Oct. 1849; pres.of Col. Coll., D.C., 1859-71. In 1848 he pub. a series of letters on Egypt, Palestine, and Italy, besides several articles on Goshen, Alt. Sinai, &c., in reviews ; and in 1852 a work entitled " To Daimonion," repub., much enlarged, in 1860, under the title of " Spiritualism Tested Criticism," 8vo, 1867 tory of Ethics," 1860 " Elements of Art- Outlines of the His- ;< Physical Media in Spiritual Manifestations," 1869. He has also written several hist, pamphlets, and critical essays on art. Sandeman, ROBERT, originator of the sect called Sandemanians, b. Perth, Scotland, 1718; d. Danbury, Ct., Apr. 2, 1771. He studied at Edinburgh, and afterwards engaged in the linen-trade. On marrying the dau. of the Rev. John Glass, he became an elder in his congregation ; and soon after pub. a series of letters addressed to Mr. Hervey on his " Theron and Aspasio." His views excited much controversy; and those who adopted them formed themselves into church order, in strict fellowship with the Church of Scotland, but holding communion with no other. The chief opinions and practices in which this sect differs from others are their weekly adminis tration of the Lord s Supper, washing each other s feet, &c. In 1 762 he established a socie ty in London. In 1764 Sandeman accepted an invitation to New England; established a society at Boston in that year ; and settled in Danbury, Ct., in July, 1765. His sect still exists in both countries. Author of " Cor respondence with S. Pike," " Thoughts on Christianity," " The Sign of the Prophet Jonah," " Marriage opposed to all Impurities," " On Solomon s Song," &c. The Sandemani ans were mostly loyalists, and gave the Whigs no little trouble. Sanders, DANIEL CLARKE, D.D. (H.U. 1799), Unitarian clergyman, b. Sturbridge, Ms., May 3, 1768; d. Medfield, Ms., Oct. 18, 1850. H.U. 1788. He was preceptor of Cam bridge grammar-school ; studied theology ; was ord. and settled at Vergennes, Vt., June 12, 1794 ; was, at his own request, dism. in 1799, and removed to Burlington ; pres. of the U. of Vt. from Oct. 17, 1801, to March 24, 1814 ; pas* tor of the church at Medfield, Ms., from May 24, 1815, to May 17, 1829. His last public discourse was delivered April 30, 1848, at Sher- burne, and was a eulogy on John Quincy Adams. More than 30 of his discourses have been pub. In 1828 he pub. a " History of the Indian Wars," 12mo. Member of the Ms. Const. Conv. of 1820. Sanders, ELIZABETH (ELKINS), of Salem, Ms. (1762-1851), m. Thos. Sanders in 1782. She was a corresp. of eminent persons, and was esteemed for good sense and benevolence. She pub. " Conversations on the Aborigines," 1828; "First Settlers of N.E.," 1829 ; "Re views," 12mo, 1841. Allibone. Sanders, GEN. WILLIAM P., b. Ky. ; d. Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 19, 1863. West Point, 1856. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he became capt. 6th Cav. May 14, 1861, and took an ac tive part in the Peninsular and Md. campaigns; col. 5th Ky. Vols. 4 Mar. 1863; was engaged in the pursuit of Morgan s raiders, July-Aug. 1863, and performed valuable service" in the West; made brig.-gen. 18 Oct. 1863, and as signed to the com. of the 1st div. of cav. in E. Tenn. ; and engaged at Blue Lick Springs, Lenoir, and at Campbell s Station, where he was mortally wounded 16 Nov. 1863. Sanderson, JOHN, author, b. Carlisle, Pa., 1786 ; d. Phila. 5 Apr. 1844. In 1806 he studied law in Phila., and was a teacher in Clermont Sem. He was a contrib. to the Port folio and other periodicals ; and after his re turn from a European visit in 1835 was prof, of Greek and Latin in the Phila. High School. With his bro. J. M. Sanderson, he wrote the "Lives of the Signers of theDecl. of Indep.," 9 vols. 8vo, 1825 ; also author of " Sketches of Paris," 1838 ; " Defence of Classical Literature as a Branch of Study in Girard College." To the Knickerbocker Mag. he contrib. some sketch es of England. Sandford, EDWARD, an eminent lawyer of N.Y., b. Ovid, N.Y., 1809 ; perished in the steamship " Arctic," on the American coast, Sept. 27, 1 854. Losing his father at the age of 10, he was much indebted to his bro. Lewis H. for the formation of his character. After an academical training, he went, at the age of 15, to Albany ; became a teacher and lecturer in the Rens. Inst. ; studied law ; began practice in New York in 1 833 ; and at the age of 33 was app. judge of the Criminal Court in that city, subsequently returning to the bar, at which he held high rank; member N.Y. senate 1843. Contrib. to the Knickerbocker and other period icals. Sandford, LEWIS H., jurist, b. Onondaga Co., N.Y., ab. 1806; d. Toledo, 0., 1852, of cholera. Bro. of Edward. He acquired his profession at Syracuse ; removed to N.Y. City in 1833 ; was made assist, vice-chancellor of the first circuit in March, 1843; vice-chan cellor, 1846 ; and was from 1847 till his death assoc. justice of the Superior Court. Five vols. have been pub. of his " Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of the City of N.Y. ; " 4 vols. of N.Y. Chancery Reports, 1843-7, SAJSf 796 S.AJST and ulso a Catalogue of the Library of the N.Y. Law Institute. Sands, ALEXANDER HAMILTON, counsel- lor-at-la\v, Richmond, Va. ; b. Williamsburg, Va., 1828. Wm. and Mary Coll. Author of " History of a Suit in Equity," 1854; " Rec reations of a Southern Barrister," 1860. He edited the Quart. Law Rev. (Richmond), con- trib. to periodicals, and pub. some law-treatises. Alllbone. Sands, BENJAMIN F., rear-adm. U.S.N.,b. Md. Feb. 11, 1812. Midshipm. Apr. 1, 1828 ; lieut. March 16, 1840; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 25, 1866; rear-aclm. 24 May, 1871 ; attached to coast- suryey 1836-41 and 1851-8; at the capture of Tabasco, Mexico, June 15, 1847; com. coast- survey steamer "Active" 1861-2; com. steam- sloop" "Dacotah," N. Atl. block, squad., 1863; engagement with Fort Caswell,Feb. 23, 1863; com. steamer "Fort Jackson," N. Atl. block. squad., 1864-5 ; in both attacks on Ft. Fisher; on blockade of Wilmington, most of the time senior officer; com. that division from Nov. 1862 to Feb. 1865 ; app. supt. Naval Observatory 8 May, 1867. Hamersly. Sands, DAVID, a minister of the Friends, b. Long Island, Oct. 4, 1745 ; d, Cornwall, N.Y., June, 1818. He at first engaged in mercantile pursuits, but, embracing the Quaker faith, mar ried into that sect, and commenced his public ministry in 1772 by visiting various parts of N.E., N.Y., Phila., and Canada. From 1794 until he was 60 years of age, he discharged his mission in Europe among the English, Scotch, Irish, and also upon the Continent, particu larly^ in Germany and France. An account of his life was pub. 1848, 12mo. Sands, JOSHUA R., rear-admiral U.S.N., b. New York. Son of Joshua, M.C. 1803-4 and 1825-7. Midshipm. June 18, 1812; lieut. Apr. 1, 1818; com. Feb. 23, 1840; capt. Feb. 25, 1854; commo. (retired list) July 16,1862; rear- adm. July 25, 1866; served under Chauncey, on Lake Ontario, in the war of 1812, and ac tively engaged at the capture of Little York and Fort George ; com. " The Vixen " during the Mexican war, serving at Alvarado, Tabas co, Vera Cruz, Tampico, and Tuspan, and sent home with despatches, trophies, &c. ; com. sloop-of-war "Alleghany," E. I. squad., 1853; sloop " Susquehanna," Medit. squad., 1857-8; Brazil squad. 1860; light-house insp. 1862-6. Hamersly, Sands, ROBERT CHARLES, essayist and t, b. Flatbush, L.I., May 11, 1799; d. Ho- ken, N. J., Dec. 17, 1832. Col. Coll. 1815. Son of Comfort Sands (b. 26 Feb. 1748, d. Ho- boken 22 Sept. 1834), a merchant and active Revol. patriot, member of the N.Y. Const. Conv. of 1777, and many years a member of the State legisl. He studied law, and in 1820 was adm. to practice, but, discouraged by his first attempt as an advocate, he devoted himself exclusively to literature. When only 14 years of age, he pub. the " Academic Recreations," a work of 300 pages; in 1817, with some literary friends, he produced a series of essays in the Daily Ad vertiser, entitled "The Neologist," and in 181 9, for the Commercial Advertiser, a series entitled * The Amphilogist," productions remarkable poet bok for purity of taste; in 1822 he was one of the editors of the Atlantic Mag., and afterward of the N. Y. Review. He was one of three joint authors of " The Talisman," an excellent speci men of fine writing and professional execution, but discouraged for want of patronage. To this he contrib. one of his best and longest poems, " The Dream of the Princess Papantzin." In 1831 he pub. the "Life and Correspondence of Paul Jones." From 1827 to his death he was assist, editor of the N. Y. Commercial Adver tiser. Among his writings were an " Hist. No tice of Hernando Cortes," which was translated into Spanish; an "Essay on Dramatic Litera ture ; " Isaac a Type of the Redeemer ; " a notice of Caio Gracco of Monti ; " The Gar den of Venus ; " " Yamoyden," a tale of the wars of King Philip ; a poem written by him self and the Rev. James W. Eastburn ; " The Simple Story;" "Salem Witchcraft;" and "Monsieur Vieille Cosur." About a week be fore his death, his last poem, entitled " The Dead of 1 832," was pub. in the Advertiser. Af ter his death, a selection was made from his writings by Gulian C. Verplanck, pub. in 2 vols., together with a Memoir of his Life. Sanford, EDWARD, poet, essayist, and po litical writer, son of Nathan (chancellor of N. Y. ), b. N.Y. City, 1 805. Un. Coll. 1 824. Af ter studying law in the office of B. F. Butler, he edited a newspaper in Brooklyn ; afterward the N. Y. Standard; then the Times, and the Washington Globe, the organ of the Van Bu- ren administration. Returning to N.Y., he became assist, naval officer, and in 1843 was elected to the State senate, where he was an active political manager and leader. He has been a frequent contrib. to the N. Y. Mirror, Knickerbocker Mag., and the Spirit of the Times. Among his poetical pieces are his quaint " Ad dress to Black Hawk," "Address to a Mosqui to," and "The Loves of the Shell-Fishes." Of his essays, his humorous description of a N.Y. celebrity, << Pot-Pie Palmer," is a highly feli citous specimen. Duyckinck. Sanford, EZEKIEL, b. Ridgefield, Ct., 1796; d. Columbia, S.C., 1822. Y.C. 1815. He pub. " History of the U.S. before the Rev olution," 8vo, 1819; 22 vols. of an expurgat- ed edition of the " British Poets," with Biog. Prefaces ; and left in MS. a satirical novel, " The Humors of Eutopia." Allibone. Sanford, JOSEPH, pastor of the 1st Presb. Church, Brooklyn, L.I., 1823-8, and of the 2d Presb. Church, Phila., from 1828 to his d. Dec. 1831 ; b. Vernon, Ct., 1797. Un. Coll. 1820; Princeton Theol. Sem. 1823. He pub. farewell sermon, Brooklyn, 1829. See Memoirs of, by Rev. Robert Baird, 1836. Sanford, NATHAN, lawyer and senator, b. Bridgehampton, L.I., 5 Nov. 1779 ; d. there 17 Oct. 1838. Adm. to the bar in Jan. 1799 ; U.S. com. of bankruptcy for N.Y. 1802 ; U.S. dist.- atty. N.Y. 1803-16; speaker N.Y. Assembly 1811; subsequently State senator; member State Const. Conv. 1821 ; chancellor of N.Y. 1823-5; and U.S. senator 181 5-21 and 1825-31. Sanger, RALPH, D.D. (H.U. 1858), minis- ter of Dover, Ms., b. Dux bury, June 22, 1736; d. Cambridge, May 6, 1860. H.U. 1808. Son of ZEDEKIAH, minister of Duxbury 1776-86, of 797 Bridge-water, Dec. 1788-1820 (b. Sherburne, 174S; d. Nov. 17, 1820; H.U. 1771). Ealph studied divinity; was tutor at H.U. in 1811; and was ord. at Dover, Sept. 16, 1812, where he continued nearly 50 years. He was a State representative from Dover in 1837, 45, 47, 51, and 54. His son GEORGE PARTRIDGE, b. Do ver, Ms., Nov. 27, 1819 (H.U. 1840), editor of the "Amer. Almanac" for many years; " U.S. Statutes at Large," vols. 11-15 ; and of the Law Reporter, Boston. Sangster, CHARLES, Canadian poet, b. Kingston, U.C., July 16, 1822. He had a scanty education, and labored hard for a sub sistence. In 1849 he edited the Amherstburg Courier, and has since been connected with the press of Kingston. He has pub. " The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay," and " Hesperus and other Poems." Morgan. San Martin, JOSE DE, a disting. South Amer. leader, b. on the banks of the Parana. He left the service of Spain with the rank of capt. in 1811, and, returning to his own coun try, received from the revol. govt. of Buenos Avres the com. of a division, with the rank of col. A success over a royalist detachment at San Lorenzo in 1813 procured him the corn, of the Province of Tucuman, which ill-health obliged him to resign in 1814. Obtaining, on resuming active service, the com. of the Prov ince of Cuyo, contiguous to Chili, he planned, with O Higgins and other Chilian exiles, its liberation. Feb. 12, 1817, they gained a com plete victory over the Spanish forces at Chaca- buco. A final victory over the viceroy of Peru at Mapu, April 5, 1818, achieved the deliver ance of Chili, of which O Higgins became supreme director. He now conceived the plan of liberating Peru itself, the only remaining possession of Spain in South America. The liberating army sailed from Valparaiso, Aug. 21, 1820, supported by a squadron under Lord Cochrane, and, being sustained by the Peru vians, gained possession of the country ; in stalled a revol. govt. at Lima; and Aug. 3, 1821, declared San Martin protector. A con gress was convened by him at Lima, Sept. 20, 1822, into whose hands he immediately resigned all his authority, accepting, in return, only the honorary titles of generalissimo and founder of the liberty of Peru, with a pension. He left Peru in 1824 ; res. 25 years in Paris, and d. Bonlogne-sur-Mer, France, Aug. 17, 1850. San Roman, GEN. MIGUEL, pres. of Pe ru from 1862 to his d. Apr. 1863 ; b. 1802. Santa Afta, ANTONIO LOPEZ DE, pres. of Mexico, b. Jalapa, Feb. 21, 1798. Having expelled the royalists from Vera Cruz in 1821, he com. there until deposed in Nov. 1822. He immediately raised the banner of the republic in Vera Cruz, and overthrew Iturbide. Pla cing himself at the head of the federalists, he was defeated, and retired to his estate near Jalapa until 1828; he then sided with Guer rero, who in 1829 app. him com. of his army. When in 1830 Bustamente attained the presi dency, he espoused the cause of Pedrazza, against whom he had formerly supported Guer rero. He defeated the army sent against him, and Pedrazza was pres. until 1833. In March, Santa Ana was chosen pres., but could not gain the confidence of the people. He defeated Arista and D Arran in 1833; in 1835 he de feated at Zacatecas the reform party, and an nounced himself dictator. The discontented nocked to Texas, and proclaimed a govt. The ensuing war ended in his capture at San Jacinto in Apr. 1836, and the indep. of Texas. In Dec. 1838, he lost a leg in the defence of Vera Cruz against the French. Again pres. in 1841, a new revolution hurled him from power in 1845. The war against the U.S. again placed him in power. Feb. 22, 1846, he fought the battle of Buena Vista with 17,000 men: Gen. Taylor, his antagonist, having 4,000 or 5,000, gained the victory. Santa Ana was then de posed by the senate. Recalled in 1847, he lost the decisive battle of Cerro Gordo, but was again proclaimed pres. The Mexicans were unsuccessful; a treaty signed Feb. 22, 1848, ceded the Territory of California ; and Santa Ana exiled himself to Jamaica. In 1853 he contrived to subvert the power of Pres. Arista, and obtained his own recall. As pres. he gov erned despotically for two years, but in the autumn of 1855, foreseeing danger, he suddenly resigned, and escaped from the country. Upon the fall of Maximilian his ambition revived, and he landed June 4, 1867, at Vera Cruz, expect ing to inaugurate a revolution, but was seized and imprisoned at Sisal, and sentenced to be shot; but was pardoned, and d. June 20, 1876. Santa Cruz, ANDRES, statesman and sol dier, b. Peru ab. 1800. Served in the war of independence in 1823 ; succeeded Sucre as president of Bolivia in 1829; was defeated at Yungai in 1839, and compelled to quit the country; and in 1849 became minister from Bolivia to London, Paris, Rome, and Madrid. Santana, GEN. PEDRO, ex-pres. of St. Domingo; d. there June 14, 1864. In 1844 he acquired the title of Liberator by securing the independence of the Dominican republic of the Island of Hayti ; pres. in 1844-9, he es tablished the new nation on a firm footing. On the invasion by Soulouque, the Haytien emperor, in 1849, he was made dictator, and defeated him in a decisive battle near Savanna Munero, Apr. 22. He was again president in 1853-7, defeating Soulouque in 1855 and 1856, and in Sept. 1857 expelled his successor Baez, and restored liberal rule. In the spring of 1861 Spain undertook to re-annex the republic to its dominions, and Santana Avas bribed into adhesion with a lieut.-generalship in the Span ish army, a title of nobility, and various deco rations. He died hated by his countrymen, and neglected by those to whom he had sold them. Santander, GEN. FRANCISCO DE PAULA, b. Rosario de Cucuta, New Granada, April 2, 1787 ; d. Bogota, May 6, 1840. Coll. of Bogo ta, 1809. When the revol. began in S. Amer ica, he immediately embarked in the cause of independence. Rising by his talents to the grade of colonel, Bolivar, after the victory of Bojaca, app. him vice-pres. of Cundinamarca.- He contrib. more than any other person to the assembling of the Congress of Cucuta, which elected him vice-president of Colombia. From Dec. 1821 until Sept. 1827 he was the actual head of the executive, Bolivar being engaged 798 S.AJR in prosecuting the war in Quito and Peru. In this position he acted with prudence, ability, and success. Entering upon his second term of office in 1827, Santander was from that time opposed to Bolivar, and was regarded as his personal enemy, but in fact was hostile only to the design of the liberator to suspend or sub vert the constitution. Bolivar succeeded in gaining absolute authority ; and Santander was subsequently charged with a share in an un successful plot to kill the dictator. He was banished from the country, and during his exile visited Eng., France, and Germany. In 1832 Santander was elected pres. of the republic of New Granada. Sargeant, NATHANIEL PEASLEE, jurist, b. Methuen, Nov. 2, 1731; d. Haverhill, Oct. 1791. H.U. 1750. Son of Rev. Christopher of Methuen. He engaged in the profession of law ; was a decided partisan of liberty, and a delegate from Haverhill, where he then prac tised law, to the Prov. Congress of 1775 ; was in 1776 a representative and judge of the Su perior Court; and chief justice in 1789. Sargent, EPES, author and journalist, bro. of John O., b. Gloucester, Ms., Sept. 27, 1812. Descended from William, who came to Glouces ter before 1678. While a school-boy in Bos ton, his father took him on a visit to Europe. Returning home, he studied 2 or 3 years at H.U., and assisted S. G. Goodrich in his vari ous publications. He then became connected with the Boston Daily Advertiser, afterward with the Boston Atlas, and in 1839 with the 2V. Y. Mirror. He afterward resided at Roxbury, edited the Boston Transcript for a few years, and has since prepared a series of popular school-books, including Speakers and Read ers. He has written " The Bride of Genoa," a five-act play, 1836; "Velasco," a trage dy, 1837; "Change makes Change," a comedy; and "The Priestess," a tragedy; "Life of Henry Clay," 1840; " Songs of the Sea, and other Poems," 1847; "Arctic Ad ventures by Sea and Land," 1857; a volume of "Original Dialogues" for schools, 1860; " Planchette," a work on Spiritualism, 1869; and " The Woman who Dared," a poem, 1869. He edited the "Modern Standard Drama;" two stories for the young, entitled "Wealth and Worth," and " What s to be Done ? " &c. ; has written Lives of several English poets pre fixed to editions of their writings ; has also contrib. frequently to magazines, and pub. several unacknowledged novels. His " Stand ard Speaker," 1852, has passed through many large editions. He also edited a "Life of Franklin," and is known as a lecturer. Sargent, COL. HENRY, painter, b. Glouces ter, Ms., 25 Nov. 1770; d. Boston, 21 Feb. 1845. A.M. of H.U. 1826. Son of Daniel, a merchant of Boston, and bro. of Lucius M. Educated at Dummer Acad., and, showing in early life a taste for art, was sent abroad, and was for many years a pupil of Sir Benj. West in London. Returning home, he devoted him self to his profession, and produced " The Din- ncr-Party, perhaps his best work ; " Christ s Entrance into Jerusalem ; " and " The Landing of the Pilgrims," which he gave to the Plym outh Soc. Adj.-gen. of Ms. in 1814, and sub sequently aide to Govs. Brooks and Strong, Col. S. invented an elevated railway, and was a member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Sargent, JOHN OSBORNE, journalist and lawyer, bro. of Epes, and a kinsman of L. M., b. Gloucester, Ms., 1810. H.U. 1830, and es tablished there the Collegian. He studied law in Boston; was adm. to the bar; and in 1834-7 was connected with the Boston Atlas. He was a representative in the Ms. legisl. in 1835-6, and in 1837 became an assoc. editor of the N. Y. Courier and Enquirer, which he left after the election of pres. Harrison. He then prac tised la win N.Y. till 1848, when he took charge of the Battery, a campaign paper at Washing ton, advocating Gen. Taylor s election to the presidency. He afterward founded at Wash ington the Republic, newspaper, with A. C. Bullitt, in which he supported the compromise measures. He conducted this paper on the principle of hostility ^ to both the abolition and secession parties, until it was discontinued at the close of Fillmore s administration. He has since practised law in Washington and New York, where he now resides. In 1844 he pub. a pamphlet (reprinted in Eng., and translated into various languages) on improvements in naval warfare, with a biog. sketch of Capt. Ericsson, and a notice of his inventions. He was a contrib. to " The Token ; " assisted S. G. Goodrich in several of the Peter Parley books ; and has pub. translations from the German, and several legal and political pamphlets. Sargent, Lucius MANLIUS, author, b. Bos ton 25 June, 1 786 ; d. W. Roxbury, Ms., 2 June, 1867. Grandson of Col. Epes (1690-1762) and son of Daniel Sargent. Though not grad. in course, he received an hon. degree in 1 842 ( H. U. ) . He studied law under Samuel Dexter, but never practised. A fine classical scholar, he in early life edited and transl. some minor Latin poems. In 1813 he pub. " Hubert and Ellen, with other Poems." His labors as a writer in the cause of temperance extended over 30 years. One of his tales passed through 130 editions, and was repub. in many languages. Upon this theme he was also a powerful and effective lecturer. He contrib. a series of satirical and antiquarian sketches, entitled " Dealings with the Dead, by a Sexton of the Old School " (repub. in a vol. 1856), to the Boston Transcript, to which he was long a contrib. under the signa ture of " Sigma." His writings were character ized by honesty of opinions, and boldness and vigor of style. Some of the ablest papers on the cooly trade were written by him, and were afterwards repub., without his knowledge, by reformers in England. He was generous with out ostentation, and kind-hearted. His " Tem perance Tales " were coll. and pub. in 3 vols. Author of " Life of Samuel Dexter," 1 858. By his wife Mary, sister of Hon. Horace Binney of Phila., he had Mary, Horace B., and Manlius. By his second wife, Sarah Cutter Dunn, he had L. M., jun., an accomplished surgeon and caval ry-officer. His son HORACE BINNEY SARGENT (b. 30 June, 1821; H.U. 1843) studied law., com. 1st Mass, cavalry, and was brev. brig-gen. 21 Mar. 1864. See Reminiscences of, witli gene alogies by J. H. Sheppard. Sargent, Lucius MANLTUS, Jun., M.D. ; 799 gon of L. M., b. Boston, Sept. 15, 1826 ; killed near Bclleficld, Va., Dec. 9, 1864. H.U. 1848. He took his degree at the Harvard Med. School in 1857 ; and was some time house-surgeon at the Ms. Gen. Hospital, and also dispensary physician. Com. surgeon, 2d Ms. Vols., May 28, 1861; capt. 1st Ms. Cav. Oct. 31, 1861; maj. Jan. 2, 1864; lieut.-col. Sept. 30, 1864. Harv. Memorial Biographies. Sargent, COL. PAUL DUDLEY, Revol. officer, L>. Gloucester, Ms., 1 745 ; d. Sullivan, Me., 15 Sept. 1828. Son of Col. Epes. He com. a regt. at the siege of Boston ; was wound ed at Bunker s Hill ; com. a brigade in the summer of 1776; fought at Harlem, White Plains, Trenton, and Princeton ; and, after the war, was for many years judge of C.C.P. for Hancock Co., Maine. Sargent, WINTHROP, soldier and states man, b. Gloucester, Ms., 1 May, 1753; d. on a voyage from Natchez to Phila. 3 June, 1820. H.U. 1771. Grandson of Col. Epcs, and cou sin of L. M. In 1775 he was capt. of one of his father s ships. He entered the army 7 July, 1775. App. navy agent at Gloucester 1 Jan. 1776; capt.-lieut. of Knox s regt. of art. 16 Mar. 1776, serving in that line with great reputation through the war, and taking part in the siege of Boston, battles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, &c., and attaining the rank of major. Becoming connected with the Ohio Co., he was in 1786 app. by Congress surveyor of the N. W. Terr., its sec. in 1787, and was its gov. in 1798-1801 ; adj. -gen. of St. Glair s army in the unfortu nate exped. against the Indians in 1791, and wounded ; adj. -gen. and insp. in Wayne s cam paign in 1794-5; member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences and of the Philos. Soc. He pub. "Boston, a Poem," 1803. Sargent, WINTHROP, author, grandson of the preceding, b. Phila. Sept. 23, 1825; d. Paris, 18 May, 1870. U. of Pa. 1845 ; Camb. Law School, 1847. He wrote an In trod. Me moir preiixed to the Journals of Officers en gaged in Braddock s exped., printed by the Pa. Hist. Soc. in 1855 from the original MSS. in the British Museum ; subsequently pub. as a " Hist, of an Exped. against Fort Duquesne," &c., 8vo. Also pub. a valuable "Life of Andre," Boston, 1861; "Loyalist Poetry of the Revol.," 1857 ; a supplementary volume in 1860, " The Loyal Verses of Joseph Stansbury and Doctor Jonathan Odell ; " and a " Jour nal of the General Meeting of the Cincinnati in 1784," 1858, in the Memoirs of the Hist. Soc. of Pa., vol. vi., and Letters of John Andrews, Esq., 1772-6, 8vo, 1866. He resided in New York, and practised law. Contrib. to various periodicals, especially the N. A. Review. Sarmiento, DON DOMINGO FAUSTINO, LL.D., pres. Argentine Confed. 1868-72, b. San Juan 1811. First disting. in opposition to Rosas, and was in consequence exiled to Chili ; returning in 1836, he founded a school for young ladies, and edited a journal, La Yonda ; and aga n exiled by Rosas. Entering the Chilian s n-vice, he was sent on a special educa tional mission to Europe ; returning to Buenos &yres in 1851, he com. a regt. in the battle of Monto-Caseros which decided the fate of Rosas, and established the Arg. Confed. He assisted in framing the const, of 1853 ; and was minis ter of instruction under Urquiza ; minister of the interior under Derqui ; afterward gov. of San Juan ; minister to the U.S. 1865-b ; and afterward gov. of Buenos Ayres. Author of " Life in the Arg. Repub.," transl. with biog. sketch by Mrs. Hor. Mann, 8vo, 1868. Sartain, JOHN, b. Lond. 1808 ; emig. to Phila. in 1830. The first to introduce mezzo- tin to engraving in America ; formerly a pain ter in oils, and some time proprietor and editor of the Union Magazine. He pub. " Poetical and Prose Illustrations of Celebrated American Painters," 1852. Among his works is the granite monument in Monument Cemetery, near Phila. Sartwell, HENRY PARKER, M.D. (St. Mary s Coll. Bait.), Ph. D. (Ham. Coll. 1864), botanist, b. Pittsfield, Ms., Apr. 18, 1792; d. Penn Yan, N.Y., Nov. 15, 1867. He began to practise medicine in 1811 ; served as surgeon in the army in the war of 1812 ; and in 1821 set tled in Bethel, Ontario Co., N.Y., and began the study of botany, removing to Penn Yan in 1832. Ab. 1846 he gave his whole time to the study of the genus carex; and in 1848 pub. in 2 vols. " Cariccs Awericaruv Septentrionalis Exsiccatce." " Part Third " of this work, to in clude 50 new species, was begun, and over 40 species collected for it, when he died. His herba rium, the labor of 40 years, containing about 8,000 species, is now in Ham. Coll., Clinton, N. Y. For 40 years Dr. S. kept records of the weather, which were pub. at home, and sent to the Smithsonian Inst. He was a member of several scientific bodies. Sasnett, WILLIAM J., D.D., clergyman and author, b. Hancock Co., Ga., Apr. 29, 1820. Oglethorpe U. 1839. He studied law; and afterward joined the Ala. Conf., in which he be came an itinerant. Chosen prof, of English lit. in Emory Coll., Ga., in 1849 ; pres. of La Grange Female Coll. in 1858; and in 1859 of the East Ala. Male College, Auburn. He pub. a work on "Progress," 1855; and a vol. of " Discussions in Literature and Religion," 1850. Appleton. Saunders, FREDERIC, b. London, 1807; established himself as a publisher in N.Y. in 1836; assist, librarian Astor Lib. since 1859. He has pub. " Memories of the Great Metropo lis," 1852 ; "New York in a Nutshell," 1853 ; " Salad for the Solitary," 1854 ; " Salad for the Social," 1856; "Pearls of Thought," 1858; "Mosaics," 1859; "Festival of Song," 1865; "About Women, Love, and Marriage," 1868. Contrib. to the Democ. Rev., N. Y. Quarterly, Knickerbocker, &c. Allibone. Saunders, JOHN, jurist and loyalist, b. Va. 1754 ; d. Frederickton, N.B., 1834. His grandfather emig. to Va., and acquired lar^e landed estates. He was liberally educated, and studied law; but in 1776 raised a troop of horse at his own expense, and joined the royal standard. Afterwards capt. of cavalry in the Queen s Rangers, he served during the war ; was often engaged, and was twice wounded. At the peace he went to En^. ; became a mem ber of the Middle Temple, and commenced the 800 S-A.V practice of the law ; in 1790 he became judge of the Sup. Court of N.B. ; was soon after wards app. a member of the council ; and in 1822 chief justice. His only son, JOHN SIM- COE, held the offices of adj. -gen., justice of a court of judicature, member of the council, and sec. of N.B. Saline. Saunders, PRINCE, atty.-gen. of the re public of Hayti, and the author of the criminal code of that country, b. Thetford, Vt., ab. 1775 ; d. Hayti, Feb. 12, 1839. He was a black man, of excellent education, and extraordinary ca pacity. About 1806 he was employed to teach a free colored school at Colchester, Ct., and afterwards in Boston. Emig. to Hayti in 1807, he was at once employed by Christophe to im prove the state of education there, and, visit ing Eng. with that object, was received into the society of the nobility, and was the guest of Sir Joseph Banks, pres. of the Roy. Society. The result of his mission not being satisfactory to the king, he left Hayti, and returned to the U.S., where he studied divinity, and was settled over a religious society in Phila. Returning to Hayti after a few years, he was actively em ployed in the public service until his death. He pub. " Haytien Papers;" "Memoir on Slave ry," 8vo ; "Address on Education," 1818; " Documents relative to Hayti," 8vo, 1816. Saunders, ROMULUS M., lawyer and statesman, b. Caswell Co., N.C., Mar. 1791 ; d. Raleigh, 21 Apr. 1867. He was educated at an academy, and spent two years in the U. of N.C. Adm. to practise law in Tenn. in 1812 ; returned to N.C. ; was in the house of commons in 1815-20, two years as speaker; was M.C. in 1821-7 and in 1841-5 ; was atty.- gen. of the State in 1828; in 1833 was pres. of the board of commiss. to settle the claims of American citizens under the treaty of July 4, 1831, with France; in 1835 was elected a judge of the Supreme Court ; in 1846-50 was minister to Spain ; and on his return was again elected to the legisl. of N.C. Savage, CHARLES C., b. Middletown, Ct., 1820. Engaged in the stereotyping business, N. Y. Has pub. " Illustrated Biography," 8vo, 1852 ; "The World," 8vo, 1853. Contrib. to Amer. Agriculturist, N. Y. Evangelist, &c. Allibone. Savage, EDWARD, port.-painter, b. Prince ton. Ms., 1761 ; d. there July, 1817. At first a goldsmith, He studied a while under West at London, and then in Italy. In 1792, before lie went abroad, he painted the Washington family, and, rinding no engraver, engraved the picture himself. He was a man of talent, but too versatile to attain eminence as a painter. He founded a museum in N.Y., and brought it to Boston, where it made part of the old New- Enj:. Museum. He was engaged on portraits in N.Y. in 1789. He painted a profile portrait of Washington on wood while in Phila., dur ing the presidency of the latter. Savage, JAMES, LL.D. (H.U. 1841), an tiquary and genealogist, b. Boston, July 13, 1784. H.U. 1803. Descended from Thomas, one of the early settlers of N.E. He studied law ; commenced practice in 1807, and was subsequently a representative and senator in the General Court, a councillor, and a dele gate to the State Const. Conv. of 1820. He has also been in the city govt. as a common- councilman and an aldermar*, as well as one of the school com. Contrib. to the Monthly Anthology and the N. A. Revieio; delivered the 4th-of-July oration in Boston in 1811 ; edited Winthrop s " History of N. Eng.," 2 vols. ; pub. in 4 vols. 8vo, 1860-2, " A Geneal. Diet, of the First Settlers of N. England," a work of great merit and research ; and in the N. E. Magazine (1832) a "History of the Adoption of the Federal Constitution." Mr. Savage was more than 20 years sec. or treasurer of the first savings-bank in Boston ; 1 9 years treasurer of the Ms. Hist. Soc., of which he has also been pres., and several vols. of whose Collections he has edited ; is a member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences; d. Boston, Mar. 8, 1873. Savage, JOHN, LL.D. (Un. Coll. 1829), jurist, b. 1779; d. Utica, N.Y., 19 Oct. 1863. Un. Coll. 1799. Member N.Y. Assembly 1814 ; M.C. 1815-19; afterward dist.-atty. ; State comptroller; 14 years chief justice Supreme Court, and U.S. treas. for New York. Savage, JOHN, editor and poet, b. Dublin, Dec. 13, 1828. He was disting. at the art school of the Roy. Dublin Society. Imbued with the revol. spirit of 1848, he became active in the clubs ; started 2 revol. journals, and led the armed peasants of Portlaw, Rathgormuk, and the Carmeragh Mountains. When the cause was lost, he escaped to N.Y. ; was proof-reader for the Tribune; pub. in 1850 "Lays of the Fatherland ; " in 1850-3 wrote for the Whiq Review and the Democ. Review; was literary editor of the Citizen in 1854 ; pub. in 1856 " 98 and 48, the Modern Revol. History and Lit. of Ireland ; " " Waiting for a Wife," a coined v, 1859 ; " Sybil," a tragedy, 1858. In 1857-61 he was connected with the States, Douglas s organ at Washington, and wrote " Under the Rose," a comedy, and " Our Living Represen tative Men." When the Rebellion broke out, he wrote the popular lyrics, " The Starry Flag " and " The Muster of the North," and was active in organizing the " Irish Brigade " and "Irish Legion." "Faith and Fancy," a col lection of his poems, appeared in December, 1863 ; in 1864 he connected himself with the N. Orleans Daily Times; pub. a campaign Life of Andrew Johnson in 1864, extended into a "Life and Public Services " in 1865; "Fenian Heroes and Martyrs," 1868 ; collec tive edition of his poems, 1867. Duyckinck. Savage, JOHN A., D.D., pres. of Carroll Coll., Wis., and over 23 years pastor of the Presb. church, Ogdensburg, N.Y. ; d. Wauke- sha, Wis., 13 Dec. 1864, a. 64. Un. Coll. 1822. Savage, JOHN H., lawyer, and M.C. 1849- 53 and 1855-9, b. Warren Co., Tcnn. He served as a private soldier during a campaign in Fla. ; afterwards studied law, and in 1837 commenced practice at Smithville, Tenn. ; atty.-gen. 4th dist. in 1841-7 ; major of the 14th U.S. Inf. in Mexican war; was present at the battles of Contreras, Churubusco, and Molino del Rey, and was wounded at Chnpul- tepec. Promoted to be lieut.-col., he com. the regt. after the death of Col. Graham. Savage, SAMUEL PHILLIPS ; d. Weston, Ms., Dec. 1797, a. 79. Merchant of Boston, 801 and a selectman ; pres. of the Ms. board of war during the Revol., and afterward judge C.C.P., Middlesex Co. His son Maj. JOSEPH, an officer of art. in the Revol., d. Brunswick, Me., 15 Jan. 1814, a 58. lawyer, FREDERIC WILLIAM, b.Saco, Me., 22 Apr. 1810. Removed to Boston in 1838, where, since 1840, he has practised law. Ori ginator of the Fawners Bank of Boston. Author of " The Merchant s and Shipmaster s Guide," 1840; " Plea for Amusements," 1847 ; " Hits at American Whims," &c., -I860, origi nally pub., under the signatures of "Carl "and " Canty Carl," in the Transcript, to which since 1847 he has contributed. All i bone. Sawyer, HORACE BUCKLIN, capt. U. S. N., b. Burlington, Vt., Feb. 22, 1797; d. Wash ington, Feb. 14, 1860. Midshipm. June 4, 1812 ; lieut. Apr. 1, 1818 ; com. Dec. 9, 1839 ; capt. Apr. 12, 1853. He was in "The Con stitution " when she took the British ships " Cyane " and " Levant," Feb. 20, 1815 ; lieut. of the brig " Spark" in the W. I., destroying piracy in those waters ; and afterward in " The Warren," engaged in the same service, in the Mediterranean. Received a sword from the legisl. of Vt. in 1856 for services in the war of 181 2. Vt. Quart. Gazetteer. Sawyer, REV. JOHN, D.D. (D.C. 1857), b. Hebron. Ct., Oct. 9, 1755 ; d. Bangor, Me., Oct. 14, 1358. Dartm. Coll. 1785. He was a soldier at the surrender of Burgoyne. Ord. pastor of the Cong. Ch. at Orford, N.H., Oct. 2, 1787; dism. Dec. 17, 1795; at Boothbay, Me., from Oct. 1798 to 1808; and was after ward more than 40 years a missionary in Me. In June, 1857, he addressed a large audience at the Gen. Conf. in Bath, Me., ftr nearly an hour, being in his 102d year. Sawyer, LEICESTER AMBROSE, b. Pinck- ney, N.Y. Ham. Coll. 1828. Ord. Prcsb. pastor 1831. Some time pres. of Central Coll., Ohio ; and became in 1854 pastor of the Cong. Ch., Westmoreland, N. J. He has pub. " Ele ments of Biblical Interpretation," 1836 ; " Mental Philos.," 1839 ; " Moral Philos.," 1S45 ; " Organic Christianity," 1854. In 1858 he pub. a new transl. of the New Testament, and in 1860 vol. i. of the Old Testament; "Biblical Science Improved," 1862. Alii- bone. Sawyer, THOMAS JEFFERSON, D.D. (H.U.), clergyman, b. Reading, Vt., Jan. 9, 1804. Mid. Coll. 1829. In 1830 took charge of a Univ. society in New York; in 1845 be came principal of the Clinton Liberal Inst., Oneida Co., N.Y., and also taught classes in theology. He resumed his former charge in N.Y. in 1852, and soon after held a public de bate with Rev. Isaac Westcott, a Baptist cler gyman, which was pub. with the title, " Dis cussion of the Doctrine of Universal Salva tion," 1854. In 1861 he retired to a farm at Clinton ; and was instrumental in the estab lishment of Tufts College, in which he has since 1869 held the chair of theology. He also aided in founding the theol. school at Canton, N.Y. His wife CAROLINE M. (FISHER), au thoress, b. Newton, Ms., Dec. 8, 1812, now edits the Ladies Repository, and has pub. trans lations in verse and prose from the German. 51 Saxo, JOHN GODFREY, LL.D., wit and poet, b. Highgate, Vt., June 2, 1816. Mid. Coll. 1839. He was a practitioner of law in his native State from 1843 to March, 1850, when he removed to Burlington, where for 5 years he conducted the Sentinel newspaper ; in 1851 he was State-atty. Since 1858 he has devoted himself wholly to literature and lecturing. At one time Democratic candidate for governor of Vermont. In 1849 he published a volume of poems, including "Progress, a Satire," origi nally delivered at a college commencement; and a number of shorter pieces, many of which originally appeared in the Knickerbocker May. The enlarged edition of 1852 includes "The Times," a poem delivered before the Boston Mercantile-Library Assoc. Other edi tions of his poems appeared in 1868, 1870, and 1873. In the summer of 1855 he pronounced a brilliant poem on literature and the times at the second anniversary of the N. Y. Free Academy. "The Money King and Other Poems " appeared in 1859 ; " Clever Stories of Many Nations," 1863; "Poetical Works," cabinet edition, 1864; "Masquerade," 1866. Saxe -Weimar, KARL BERNHARD, duke of, b. Weimar 1 792 ; d. 31 July, 1862. Author of "Travels through N.A. 1825-6," 2 vols. 8vo, 1828; and Summary of the Campaign in Java in 1811. He served in the principal campaigns of 1806-15 against the French, and was made lieut. -gen. in 1831. Saxton, RUFUS, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Deerfield, Ms., Oct. 19, 1824. West Point, 1849. Pie worked on a farm until he was 20; eiitered the 3d Art., and became 1st lieut. in 1855. In 1853-4 he led a surveying-party across the Rocky Mountains; in 1855-9 was employed on the coast-survey, and made im provements in instruments for deep-sea sound ings, one of which, a self-registering thermom eter, bears his name; in 1859 he became an instructor of West Point. At the breaking- out of the civil war, he was at St. Louis under Capt. Lyon, acting as quarterm. (rank of capt.) ; and was prominent in breaking up " Camp Jackson; " joining Gen. McClellan in Western Va., he afterward accomp. Gen. Sherman to Port Royal as quarterm.; and April 15, 1862, was made brig.-gen. vols. For a short time after the retreat of Gen. Banks from the Shen- andoah, Gen. Saxton com. at Harper s Ferry. Military gov. of the dept. of the South in 1862-5; quarterm. (rank of maj.) July 29, 1866 ; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Say, THOMAS, naturalist, b. Phila. July 27, 1787; d. New Harmony, Ind., Oct. 10, 1834. Early abandoning mercantile pursuits, in which he had been engaged unsuccessfully, he devoted himself to the study of natural history; was in 1812 one of the founders of the Acad. of Nat. Sciences of Phila. ; and be came one of the leading contributors to its journal. In 1818 Say joined Messrs. Maclure, Ord, and Peale in a scientific exploration of the islands and coast of Ga. ; in 1819-20 he was chief zoologist in the exped. of Major Long to the Rocky Mountains; and in that of 1823 to the sources of St. Peter s River; in 1825 he re moved to New Harmony, where he spent the rest of his life. His principal work, " Araeri 802 sen can En tomology," was pub. Phila., 3 vols., 1 824- 8. His "American Conchology," 7 nos. of which were pub. at New Harmony, was incom plete at the time of his decease. His discoveries of new species of insects were, perhaps, greater than had ever been made by a single individ ual. Member of the Linnaan and Zoological Societies of London. He was a frequent con- trib. to the " Transactions " of the Philos. Society, the N. Y. Lyceum, Silli man s Journal, and numerous other scientific pubs. His com plete writings on the Conchology of the U.S., edited by Wm. G. Birney, were pub. 8vo, 1858; "The Entomology," edited by J. L. Leconte, with a Memoir, 2 vols. 8vo, 1859. Ste Biog. Sketch in Waldie s Lib., vol. v. Sayrej STEPHEN, banker and patriot, b. Long Island 1734; d. at the residence of his son in Va. Sept. 27, 1818. N. J. Coll. 1757. Bred a merchant, by his activity and talents he had obtained much distinction at the period of the Revol. Was sheriff of London with Wm. Lee, brother of Richard Henry, in 1774; and was particularly in the confidence of the Earl of Chatham at a critical period, having become a banker. His zeal for the independ ence of his native country was unmeasured, and an officer of the Royal Guards, named Rich ardson, also an American, seized upon a gay and unguarded expression of Mr. Sayre to bring a charge of high treason for imagining the death of the king, and he was committed to the Tower. The charge soon ended in Mr. Sayre s release ; but it had already produced his ruin. His banking-house failed ; he lost every thing, and was obliged to quit England. He was then employed by Dr. Franklin upon several important missions, acted for some time as his private sec., and went in the suite of Mr. Lee to Berlin at the time of the first suggestion of the project of armed neutrality. After leaving Berlin, Mr. Sayre passed to Copenhagen, Stockholm, and SY Petersburg, and in each of those capitals procured ample supplies for the support of American indep. In 1795 he was an active opponent of Washing ton s administration. Scadding, HENRY, D. D. (1852), b. Dunkeswell, Eng., 1813. Educated at U.C. Coll., Toronto, and St. John s Coll., Camb., Eng. M.A. 1840. Classical prof. U.C. Coll. 1838-62; rector Trinity Church, Toronto, since 1847. Author of " Memorial of Rev. W. H. Ripley," 8vo, 1849; Shakspeare, the Seer, &c., an address, Apr. 23, 1864; "Early Notices of Toronto," 1865 ; " Truth s Resur rection," 1865. Contrib. of articles on phi lology and antiquities to Brit. Amer. May., Canadian Jour., &c. Allibone. Scarnmell, ALEXANDER, col. Revol. ar ray, b. Mendon, Ms., 24 March, 1747; d. Wil- liamsburg, Va., 6 Oct. 1781. H.U. 1769. Son of Dr. Samuel Leslie, who came to Boston from Portsmouth, Eng., in 1738, settled in Mendon (now Milford), and practised until his death in 1 753. He taught school in Kingston and Plym outh, Ms. ; was a surveyor at Portsmouth in 1772; taught school at Berwick; and was a proprietor of the town of Shapleigh, Me. ; as sisted Capt. Holland in surveys for his map of N.IL; and in 1775 was a law-student with Gen. Sullivan, and his brigade major at Cambridgt in 1775, and on Long Island in 1776. Made col. 3d N.il. Regt. in Nov. 1776; took part in the battles of Trenton and Princeton ; was wounded and especially disting. at Saratoga; was adj.-gen. of the army from early in 1778 to 1781 ; col. 1st N.H. Regt. 1 Jan. 1781, and in July took com. of a regt. of light inf. While officer of the day at the siege of Yorktown, 30 Sept. 1781, he was surprised while reconnoi tring, and, after surrendering, was inhumanly wounded, and died in a few days. He was an officer of great merit and of amiable character. He was 6 feet and 2 inches in height. See Hist. Mag., Sept. 1870. fcJchaeffer, the name of several disting. Lutheran divines. DAVID FREDERICK, D.D. (son of Frederick David, D.D., successively pastor at Carlisle, Germantown, and Phila., 1760-1836), pastor of the Lutheran church, Frederick, Md., from July, 1 808, to his d. May, 1837; b. Carlisle, Pa., 1787. He was 3 years pros, and sec. of the Md. synod ; also of the general synod. Pub. "Hist. Address on the Reformation," 1818; and edited the Lutheran Intelligencer 1826-31. FREDERICK CHRISTIAN, D.D., son of F. D., b. Germantown, Pa., 1792 ; d. New York, Mar. 1831. N. J. Coll. 1818. Licensed to preach 1812; was pastor at Har- risburg, and then in N. Y. City. He pub. " Parables and Parabolic Sayings," and two sermons. Prof. Ger. lang. at Columbia Coll. 1830-1. CHARLES FREDERICK, D.D., son of F. D., b. Germantown, Pa., 1807. U. of Pa. 1827. Lutheran pastor at Carlisle, Easton, &c., and successively prof, of theol. in the Lu theran Sem. at Columbus, O. ; prof, of German in Pa. Coll., Gettysburg, and of theol. in the Ev. Lutheran Sem., Phila. He has pub. Kurtz s " Manual of Sacred Hist.," from the German, 1855; Lu therms Smaller Catechism, with addi tions, 1856; " Antritts-Rede," Apr. 16, 1856; "Discourses," 8vo, 1861; Lechlcr s " Com mentary on Acts," 1866; "True Christianity," &c., 1869; "Exegetical Punctuation of the N. Test.," 1869. Contrib. to the Evang. Re view, 1849-66, and other periodicals. CHARLES WILLIAM, D.D., grandson of F. D., b. Ha- gerstown, Md. Formerly Lutheran pastor at Harrisburg. Has been for some years pastor of St. Michael s Ch., Germantown. lie has pub. "Discourse on the 50th Anniv. of the Ev. Luth. Ch., Harrisb.," 8vp, 1845; "Early History of the Lutheran Ch. in America," 1857 ; and oc casional discourses. Co-editor of several Lu theran periodicals. Sprague ; Allibone. SchafF (shaf), PHILIP, Ph.D., D.D. (1854), theologian and author, b. Chur, canton of Grisons, Switzerland, Jan. 1, 1819. U. of Ber lin, 1841. Educated at the universities of Tu bingen, Halle, and Berlin. He travelled n,s a private tutor to a Prussian nobleman through France, Switzerland, and Italy (1841-2), and, returning to Berlin, lectured on theology ; prof, of theol. at Mercersburg, Pa., 1844-62 ; charged with heresy on account of some of his writings, he was honorably acquitted by the synod at York, Pa., in 1845. From Nov. 1862 to 1867 he was lecturer on eccles. hist, at And. Scm. ; and in 1868-70 was prof, of church history in the Hartford Theol. Inst., and was in 1871 SCH 803 SCH prof, in the Union Theol. Sem., N.Y. He has pub. in German a " History of the Apostolic Church," 1851; "German Hymn-Book, with a Hist. Introd.," 1859; and in English, "St. Augustine, his Life and Labors," 1853 ; " America, its Political, Social, and Religious Character," lectures delivered at Berlin, 1854, translated in 1855; "Germany, its Universi ties and Divines," 1857; "Hist, of the Chris tian Church of the First Three Centuries," 1858, 2 vols. 8vo; essay on " Slavery and the Bible," 1861; "The Christ of the Gospels," 1864; "The Person of Christ the Miracle of History," 1865; "Lectures on the Civil War in America/ 1865; "Christ in Song," 1869; besides many contributions to American and foreign periodicals. Dr. S. also pub. the Kirch- enfreund, a theological monthly for the German churches of America, in 1848-53 ; and has been co-editor of the Mercei sburq Review since 1857. Schanck, JOHN, a British admiral, b. Fife- shire, Scotland, 1740; d. Eng. 6 March, 1823. He was a lieut. in the navy in 1776, and super intended the construction of "The Inflexible," which, in less than 6 weeks from the commence ment of her construction, was the victor in the engagement with Arnold s fleet on Lake Cham- plain. He was of great service to Burgoyne in his expedition in the construction of floating- bridges ; and for his services he was promoted to commander, and in 1783 post-capt.; admiral of the Blue, July, 1821. Sehenck, JAMES F., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Ohio, June 19, 1807. Bro. of Robert C. Mid- shipm. Mar. 1, 1825; lieut. Dec. 22, 1835; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. 1861; commo. July 2, 1863; rear-adm. (ret. list), July, 1870. At tached to frigate " Congress " during the Mex. war ; chief aide to Com. Stockton at capture of Santa Barbara and Los Angelos, and at bombard, and capture of Guaymas and Mazat- lan; com. mail-steamer "Ohio," 1848-52; steamer "Saginaw," E. India squad., 1860-1; com. frigate "St. Lawrence," block, squadron, 1 862 ; steam-sloop "Powhatan," N. Atl. squad., 1864-5; and com. 3d division Porter s squad, in both attacks on Fort Fisher. Hamersly. Sehenck, NOAH HUNT, D.D., rector of Emanuel Ch., Baltimore, and in 1867 of St. Ann s, Brooklyn, N.Y., b. Pennington, N. J., 1825. N. J. Coll. 1844 ; Gambier Theol. Sem. 1853, He has pub. 20 or 30 essays, sermons, and treatises ; established and edited, 1858-60, the Western Churchman (Chicago) ; was co-ed itor of the Protestant Churchman 1867 ; and con- trib. to the Western Episcopalian, &c. Alli- lone. Schenck, GEN. ROBERT GUMMING, b. Franklin, Warren Co., 0., Oct. 7, 1809. His father, Gen. William C. Sehenck, an officer of Harrison s army, d. Jan. 1821. Bro. of Adm. J. F. Schenck. He grad. in 1827 at the Miami U., of which he was afterward a prof. ; was adm. to the bar, and settled in Dayton ; soon after was chosen to the legisl. from Montgom ery Co., serving three terms ; and was M.C. in 1843-51. In this body he was noted for terse and practical speeches, keen and pungent wit. Minister to Brazil in 1851-3. Commiss. brig.- gen. of vols. May 17, 1861 ; June 17, 1861, whil ; his corn, were being transported to Vien na, Va., over the Loudon and Hampshire R.R.. they were fired upon while in the cars, sustain ing a loss of 10 killed and 2 wounded. He was engaged at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861 ; next served in Western Va. under Rose- cranz ; was ordered to the Shenandoah Valley to assist in opposing Stonewall Jackson ; and for his efficient services at the battle of Cross Keys, June 8, 1862, he was placed by Gen. Fremont in com. of a division. In the second battle of Bull Run, Gen. Schenck com. a divis ion in Sigel s corps, Aug. 29 and 30, and was severely wounded by a ball which shattered his right arm. Sept. 18, 1862, he was promoted to maj.-gen. ; Dec. 16, 1862, he was app. to com. at Baltimore. During the march of Lee into Pa. in July, 1863, Schenck did good service. M.C. 1863-71; app. minister to England, Jan. 1871. Schenck, WILLIAM EDWARD, D.D., cor- resp. sec. and editor Presb. Board of Educa tion, b. Princeton, N. J., 1819. N.J. Coll. 1838. He has pub. " Historical Account of the First Presb. Church, Princeton," 1850 ; " God our Guide," 1863; " Children in Heaven," 8vo, &c. Allibone. Schimmelfennig, GEN. ALEXANDER, b. Germany, 1824; d. Minersville, Pa., Sept. 7, 1865. He was an officer under Kossuth in the Hungarian war; at the beginning of 1861 was made col. of a Pa. regt. ; served under Sigel in the Va. campaign of Gen. Pope ; was made brig.-gen. for his services at Bull Run, 29 Nov. 1862; at Chancellorsville he com. the first bri gade of Schurz s division of the 1 1th corps, and held the same com. at Gettysburg ; in Feb. 1864 he was sent to St. John s Island. His forces were the first to enter Charleston, Feb. 18, 1865, when flanked by Gen. Sherman. Au thor of " The War between Russia and Tur key," 8vo, Phila. 1854. Schlatter (shlat -ter), MICHAEL, mission ary of the German Ref. Church, b. St. Gall, Switzerland, July 14, 1716 ; d. near Phila. Oct. 1790. He became a clergyman, and in 1746-51 labored as pastor of the Ref. churches of Phila. and Germantown. He organized the synod of the G. R. Church in Amer. in Sept. 1*747 ; went to Europe in 1751, and secured the services of 6 other ministers for the Amer. churches; in 1755 he became supt. of the German charity-schools in Pa.; in 1757 he accomp. an exped. to Nova Scotia against the French as chaplain to the Roy. Amer. Regt. He was imprisoned by the British in 1777 for his patriotism. Schley, WILLIAM, lawyer, gov. of Ga. 1835-7, b. Frederick City, Md., Dec. 14, 1786; d. Augusta, Ga., Nov. 20, 1858. He was edu cated at the academies of Louisville, and Au gusta, Ga. ; was adm. to the bar in 1812; practised law ; was judge of the Sup. Court of middle dist. of Ga. in 1825-8; was elected a member of the legisl. in 1830 ; and was M.C. in 1833-5. He pub. a "Digest of the English Statutes," and was pres. of the Med. Coll. of Georgia. Schmucker, SAMUEL MOSHEIM, LL.D., historian, son of Samuel S., b. Newmarket, Va., Jan. 12, 1823; d. Phila. May 12, 1863. Wash. Coll. 1840. He studied theology in the SCH 804 SCH Gettysburg Theol. Scm., and in 1842 was li censed to preach at Bloomfield. He afterward preached in Lewiston, Pa., and in German- town, and was dismissed in Oct. 1848. He then studied law ; was adm. to the Phila. bar in Jan. 1850, and practised in. N.Y. in 1853-5, when he resumed practice in Phila., but occu pied himself chiefly in literature. He pub. bi ographies of Catharine II., 1855; Nicholas I., 1856 ; Fremont, 1856 ; Hamilton and Jefferson, 1857; Dr. E. K. Kane and Napoleon III., 1858; Washington and Clay, 1860; Histo ries of the Mormons, 1858; "Arctic Explo rations;" " All Religions," 1859 ; " The Four Georges ; " " The Modern Jews," 1 860 ; " The South. Rebellion," 1863 ; " Errors of Modern Infidelity," 1848; " The Spanish Wife," 1854; " The Yankee Slave-Driver," 1857 ; " Memo rable Scenes in French History, " 1857 ; " Memorials of Daniel Webster," 1859 ; "Blue Laws of Connecticut," 1860; &c., &c. Schmucker, SAMUEL S., D.D., b. Ha- gerstown, Md., Feb. 28, 1799. Ord. 1818. Six years pastor of the Lutheran church, New market, Va. ; from Sept. 1826 to Aug. 1864, prof, of didactic theol. in, and pres. of, the theol. sem. at Gettysburg; and, since then, emeritus prof. Son of John George, D.D., Lutheran pastor of York and Williamsburg, Pa., 1771-1854, who pub. some works in Ger man. Samuel S. has pub. " Christian Tem ple," 1824; "Popular Theology," 8vo, 1834; " Portraiture of Lutheranism," 8vo, 1840 ; Psychology," 8vo, 1842 ; "Papal Hierarchy," 8vo, 1845J "Christian Pulpit," 1846 ; "Spir itual Worship of God," 1860 ; and " True Hist, of Christ s Church," 1870. He compiled the Hymn-Book of Gen. Synod, 1828; ed. Evan gel inches Mayazin, 1830 ; and has contrib. to the Bib. Repository, Dr. Breckenridge s Review, frc. ; d. Gettysburg, Pa. July 26, 1873. Allibone. Schofield, JOHN MCALLISTER, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Chautauqua Co., N.Y., Sept. 29, 1831. West Point, 1853. Entering the 2d Art., he was 5 years an instr. in nat. philos. at West Point, and was filling, under leave of ab sence, the chair of nat. philos. in Washington U., St. Louis, Mo., when the civil war began. App. capt. May 14, 1861 ; maj. 1st Mo. Inf. ; he was chief of staff to Gen. Lyon when he fell at Wilson s Creek ; became brig.-gen. vols. Nov. 21, 1861, and was assigned to com. the Mo. miiitia; 15 Apr. 1862, the dist. of Mo. was assigned to him ; in Oct. he received the com. of the army of the frontier, comprising the troops of Mo. and Kansas, with which he drove all the organized Confed. forces back to the Valley of the Ark., defeating Hindman, Oct. 22, at Maysville, near Pea Ridge, Ark., and pursuing him beyond the Boston Mountains. Maj.-gen. vols. Nov. 29, 1862; brig.-gen. U.S. A. Nov. 30, 1864 ; maj.-gen. Mar. 4, 1869 ; 2 May, 1864, he joined Sherman with the Army of the Ohio, and was conspicuous in all the bat tles and operations of the Atlanta campaign, and until the surrender of Gen. J. E. Johnston, comg. the 23d corps. He left Sherman in Nov. 1864 to assist Gen. Thomas at Nashville, repulsing the attack of Hood; and commanded It the battle of Franklin, and was conspicuous .n the decisive battle of Nashville, 15 and 16 Dec. Transferred to N.C., he took possession of Wilmington, Feb. 22, 1865, advanced into the interior of the State, beat the enemy in sev eral engagements, and entered Goldsborough just before Sherman. Brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for the battle of Franklin. App. May 2, 1867, to the com. of the first military district, comprising the State of Va. ; sec. of war ad interim on the resignation of Gen. Grant; confirmed May 30, 1868; resignedMar. 1869, and assigned to com. the dep. of the Missouri. Schoolcraffc, HENRY ROWE, LL.D., au thor, b. Watervliet, N.Y., March 28, 1793; d. Washington, D.C., Dec. 10, 1864. His first American ancestor settled in Albany Co. in the reign of George II., and taught school ; whence his name of Calcraft was popularly changed to Schoolcraft. He entered Un. Coll. in 1807, and studied chemistry and mineralogy. Lawrence his father being supt. of glass-works,. he pub. a work on " Vitreology " in 1817. He made a Western journey in 1817-18 ; returned with a very complete mineralogical and geo logical collection, and pub. " A View of the Lead Mines of Mo.," 1819, and a narrative, since enlarged, entitled " Scenes and Adven tures in the Semi- Alpine Region of the Ozark Mountains of Mo. and Ark.," 1853. In 1820 he was app. geologist to an exploring-exped., under Gen. Cass, to the Lake-Superior copper region, of which he pub. a narrative in 1821, and also as sec. of a commiss. to treat with the Indians at Chicago ; travelled through 111., and along the Wabash and Miami Rivers, and em bodied the results in " Travels in the Central Portions of the Mpi. Valley," 1825. App. in 1823 Indian agent, he established himself at Sault Ste. Marie, and afterward at Michilirnaci- nac, and m. a Miss Johnston, the grand-dan, of an Indian chief. In 1828-32 he was a member of the Terr, legisl. of Mich. ; in 1828 founded the Mich. Hist. Soc. ; in 1831 the Algic Society at Detroit, two of his lectures before which, on the Grammatical Construction of the Indian Languages, were translated by Duponceau, and presented to the French Institute, which awarded him a gold medal. He pub. at this time " The Rise of the West," a poem ; " Gee- hale, an Indian Lament;" "Indian Melodies;" "The Man of Bronze;" and "losco, or the Vale of Norma; " besides an Algonquin Gram mar. He led a second govt. exped. in 1832; and pub. " A Narrative of an Exped. to Itasca Lake," 1834. Commiss. to treat with the tribes on the Upper Lakes in 1836, he procured from them the cession of 16,000,000 acres of land to the U. S. ; he was then app. acting supt. of Indian affairs, and in 1839 chief disbursing agent for the Northern dept. In 1842 he visited Europe, and on his return made a tour in Western Va., Ohio, and Canada. App. by the N.Y. legisl. in 1845, he made a census, and collected statistics, of the Six Nations of N.Y. ; pub. the results in " Notes on the Iroquois," 1847. Mar. 3, 1847, by a resolve of Congress, Mr. Schoolcraft engaged in a work entitled " Hist, and Statistical Information respecting the History, Condition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the U.S.," of which 6 vols. 4to have appeared. He is also the author of SCH 805 SCH " Algic Researches," 2 vols. 1839 (revised ed. 1856); " Talladega, a Tale of the Creek War;" " Oneota, or the Red Race of America," 1844; " Personal Memoirs of a Residence of 30 Years with the Indian Tribes on the American Fron tiers," 1853 ; and " The Myth of Hiawatha and other Oral Legends." His two works on the Upper Mpi. have been combined under the titie of " Narrative of an Exploratory Exped. to the Sources of the Mpi. River in 1820, resumed and completed by the Discovery of its Ori- fin in Itasca Lake in 1832." "The Indian airy-Book," compiled from his MS., was pub. by C. Matthews, N.Y., 1868,Appleton. *Schouler, GEN. WILLIAM, adj. -gen. Ms. 1860-6, b. at Kilbarchan, Scotland, 13 Dec. 1814. Came to N.Y. with his father, a calico-printer, in 1815; soon removed to Ms., and followed his father s trade in Taunton, Lynn, and W. Cam bridge. Became propr. and cd. of the Lowell Courier 1841-7; one of the proprs. and eds. Daily Atlas, Boston, 1847-53; co.-ed. Cin. Ga zette 1853-6; Ohio State Jour. 1856-8; ed. Boston Atlas and Bee, 1858. Four times in Ms. legisl.; member Const. Conv. 1853. Author of " Mass, in the Civil War," 2 vols. 8vo, 1868-71; arid of a series of "Personal and Pol it. Recoils." in the Boston Journal in 1870. Schriver, EDMUND, insp.-gen., and brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. West Point, 1833. Entering 2d Art., transferred to adj. -gen. dept. as capt. 7 July, 1838; resigned 31 July, 1846; pres. Rons, and Saratoga R.R. Co. 1*851-61 ; aide-de-camp to Gov. Morgan, Apr. 1861; lieut.- col. llth Inf. 14 May, 1861 ; col. and A.D.C. 18 May, 1862; col. and insp.-gen. 13 March, 1863 ; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 1 Aug. 1864, and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for services in the Rebellion ; chief of staff (1st corps) Mar. 1862 to Jan. 1863 ; in the Shenandoah campaign and the Northern Va: campaign, and present at Cedar Mountain, Manassas, and Chantilly ; insp.-gen. (Army of the Potomac) 1863-5; and engaged at Chancellorsviile, Gettysburg, and in the Richmond campaign from the Rapidan to its close in June, 1865. Outturn. Schroeder, JOHN FREDERICK, D. D. (Trin. Coll. 1836), clergyman and author, b. Baltimore, Apr. 8, 1800; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Feb. 26, 1857. N.J. Coll. 1819. He studied at the Epis. Theol. Sem. at New Haven ; was adrn. to holy orders in 1823, and had charge of a parish on the Eastern Shore of Md. for a few months. He was afterward assist, at Trinity Church, N. Y., 14 years, and was a popular preacher. He delivered a course of lectures on Oriental Lit. before the N.Y. Athenaeum ; con tributed a treatise on the Authenticity and Canonical Authority of the Scriptures of the Old Testament, and a treatise on the Use of the Syriac Language, to a vol. of essays and dis sertations on Biblical Literature edited by him self; pub. a memorial volume on the death of Bishop Hobart in 1830. In 1839 he established St. Ann s Hall, at Flushing, L. I., for the education of young ladies. He was some time pastor of the Church of the Crucifixion in N.Y., and St. Thomas s Church, Brooklyn, L.I. lie pub. in 1855 " Maxims of Washing ton, Political, Social, Moral, and Religious;" Memoir of Mrs. Mary Anna Boardmun, &c., by her son-in-law, 8vo, 1849. At the time of his death he was engaged on " The Life and Times of Washington," a serial work, 2 vols. of which were pub. He lived to complete only 4 num bers. Duyckinck. Schureman, JAMES, Revol. patriot ; d New Brunswick, N. J., Jan. 23, 1824, a. 67. Rutg. Coll. 1775. At the head of a vol. com pany, he took part in the battle of Long Island ; was taken and imprisoned in the N.Y. sugar- house in the course of the war, and suffered greatly from hunger, but, with a single com panion, managed to escape, and joined the Amer. army at Morristown. Delegate to the Cont. Congress 1786-7; M.C. 89-91 and 97- 9 ; in 1799-1801 was a U.S. senator, and sub sequently became mayor of the city of New Brunswick. He was again a representative in 1813-15. Schureman, JOHN, D. D. (N. J. Coll 1801), minister of the Dutch Church, N.Y. City; d. there 1818, a. 39. Rutg. Coll. 1795 Prof, theol. in N. J. Theol. Seminary. SchUTZ (shoorts), CARL, orator and poli- tican, b. Liblar, near Cologne, Germany, Mar. 2, 1829. He studied at the Gymnasium of Cologne and at the U. of Bonn ; engaged in the revol. outbreak in 1848; joined Gottfried Kinkel in the pub. of a liberal newspaper; but, after an unsuccessful attempt at insurrection at Bonn in the spring of 1849, both were obliged to fly. As adjutant he participated in the de fence of Rastadt, and on its surrender made his way to Switzerland. He rescued Kinkel from the fortress of Spandau on the night of Nov. 6, 1850; crossed the frontier into Mecklenburg: thence went to Rostock, and took passage in a schooner for Leith. Schurz then went to Paris, where he was corresp. for German jour nals till June, 1851, when he went to London, where he was a teacher till July, 1852. He then m., came to Phila., where he remained 3 years, and then settled at Madison, Wis. In the presidential campaign of 1856 he became known as an orator in the German language; in 1858, when Mr. Douglas and Mr. Lincoln were contesting the U.S. senatorship, he deliv ered his first English speech, which was widely circulated. He next established himself in the practice of law at Milwaukie, and engaged in a lecturing-tour in the winter of 1859-60. In the Repub. Nat. Conv. of 1860 he exercised great influence, especially in determining that portion of the platform relating to citizens of foreign origin. During the canvass which fol lowed, he spoke effectively throughout the Northern States. After Mr. Lincoln s inaugu ration he was app. minister to Spain. He re turned to the U.S. in Dec. 1861 ; resigned his office as minister; became brig.-gen. of vols. Ap\il 15, 1862 ; maj.-gen. Mar. 14, 1863 ; June 17 he took com. of a division in the corps of Siegel, with which he disting. himself at the second battle of Bull Run, but was routed by Jackson at the battle of Chancellorsviile. Ho was temporarily in com. of the llth corps at the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, where he was conspicuous, as also at Fredericksburg. App. a commiss. to examine and report on the condition of the Southern States, especially upon the Freedmen s Bureau, his report was SCH 806 SCO ixtremely distasteful to Pres. Johnson. In 1865-6 he was N.Y. Tribune corresp. in Wash ington ; in 1867 he was editor of the Detroit Post. He took a leading part in the Chicago convention in 1868, of which he was temporary chairman ; labored zealously for the election of Gen. Grant; and in Jan. 1869 was chosen U. S. senator from Mo. A vol. of his speeches was pub. 8vo, 1865. Schuyler (ski -Ier), COL. PETER, mayor of Albany, disting. for his patriotism and for his influence over the Indians. In 1691 he headed a successful exped. against the French settlements north of Lake Champlain. His recommendations had to the 5 Nations of Indi ans the force of law. In 1710, at his own ex pense, he took 5 Indian chiefs to Eng. for the purpose of exciting the govt. to vigorous meas ures against the French in Canada. In 1719, as the oldest member of the council, the chief com. in N*Y. devolved upon him. He often warned the N.E. Colonies of expeds. meditated against them by the French and Indians. Schuyler, COL. PETER, b. Albany ab. 1710; d. at his residence on the Passaic, near Newark, N. J., Nov. 17, 1762. Grandson of Philip Pieterse of Albany, and second son of Arent of N. Jersey by his second wife. In 1746, on the projected invasion of Canada, he was put in com. of the N. J. regt. In Dec. 1755 he attended the congress called by Gov. Shirlev at N.Y., and was stationed with his regt. at Oswego until its reduction by the French, Aug. 14, 1756, when he was released on parole, after a brief imprisonment in Cana da. In 1759 he again com. the N. J. regt. with which he served under Amherst in the conquest of Canada. While a prisoner in Montreal, he kept open house for the relief of his fellow-suf ferers, and redeemed from the Indians many of their captives. Schuyler, PHILIP, maj.-gen. Revol. army, b. Albany, 22 Nov. 1733; d. there 18 Nov. 1804. His father dying while he was young, he was adopted into the family of Col. Philip Schuyler, whose estate in Saratoga he afterwards inherited. Receiving by the law of primogeniture the whole of his father s estate, he divided it equally with his brothers and sis ters. He was a capt. of N.Y. levies at Ft. Ed ward in 1755 ; acommiss. in the army in 1755- 63; was a prominent member of the N.Y. legisl., and, with Geo. Clinton, was chiefly in strumental in determining the early and decided resistance of the province to the measures of Britain ; a delegate to Congress, he was with Washington on the committee to draw up rules and regulations for the army; 19 June, 1775, was made a maj.-gen., and placed in com. of the Northern army, but relinquished it to Montgomery .in Sept. on account of illness. Upon his recoverv he devoted himself zealous ly to his arduous duties, particularly to the superintendence of Indian affairs. The energy of his character, and the dignity of his deport ment, excited popular jealousy and ill-will, and in Oct. 1776 he tendered his resignation. Con gress declared that it could riot dispense with his services; and its president requested him to continue in command. On the approach of Burgoyne s army in 1777, he did all in his power to impede its advance by obstructing the navi gation of Wood Creek, rendering the roada impassable, removing all provisions and stores beyond its reach, and summoning the militia of N.Y. and N.E. to his assistance ; but the necessary evacuation of Ticonderoga by St. Clair occasioning unreasonable jealousies in regard to Schuyler in N.E., he was superseded by Gates in Aug., though Congress, upon in vestigation, warmly approved his conduct. Though " sensible of the indignity," and though superseded by a man who had ever been his enemy, this patriot offered to serve his country as a private gentleman in any way in which he could be useful. He was present at Burgoyne s surrender, though without com mand, and resigned 19 Apr. 1779. Member Cont. Congress 1778-81. In Nov. 1779 he was app. to confer with Washington on the state of the Southern dept. ; U.S. senator 1789- 91 and again in 1797. In the N.Y. senate he was a principal contrib. to the Code of Laws adopted by the State, and was active and effi cient in promoting the system of inland navi gation in N.Y. See his Life and Times by 13. J. Lossing, 2 vols. 1860-2. Schweinitz (shwi -nits), EDMUND ALEX ANDER DE, Moravian divine, son of L. D., b. Bethlehem, Pa., 1825. Studied at the Moravi an Sem. there, and at the U. of Berlin. Au thor of an " Account of the Moravian Church," 8vo, 1859; "Systematic Beneficence," 8vo, 1861 ; "Moravian Episcopate," 1865 ; " David Zeisberger," 2 vols. 1870. Editor of the Mo ravian, a contrib. to Appleton s Cyclopaedia, and one of the translators of Herzog s Real Encyclopaedia. Allibone. Schweinitz, LEWIS DAVID VON, Ph D. (U. of Kiel), botanist and Moravian clergy man, b. Bethlehem, Pa., Feb. 13, 1780; d. there Feb. 8, 1834. He studied in Germany from 1798 to 1812, when he returned, and officiated at Salem, N.C., and at Bethlehem from 1821 till his death. He added nearly 1,400 new species to botanical science, more than 1,200 of them N.A. fungi previously little known. Member of various learned societies in Ameri ca, Germany, and France. He bequeathed his valuable herbarium to the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila. He pub. " Conspectus Fungo- rum Liisatice " and "Synopsis Fungorum Caro~ lince Superioris " at Leipsic ; " Specimen Florae. America Septentrional is Cryptogamicce," 1821 ; " Monograph of the Linnasan Genus Viola," 1821 ; " Catalogue of Plants collected in the N. W. Territory by Say," 1824 ; " Monograph upon the American Species of the Genus Ca- rex," 1824 ; and " Synopsis Fungorum in Ameri ca Boreali Media Degentium," 1831. See Me moir of, by W. R. Johnson, Lond. 8vo, 1835. Scott, CHARLES, soldier, and gov. of Ky. 1808-12, b. Cumberland Co., Va., 1733 ; d. 22 Oct. 1813. A non-commissioned officer at Braddock s defeat in 1755 ; raised and com. the first company south of the James for the Revol. army; was app. col. 3d Va. Batt. 12 Aug. 1776; was disting. at Trenton; made a brig.-gen. 2 Apr. 1777; was with Wayne at the storming of Stony Point in 1779; was made prisoner at Charleston, S.C., in 1780 and was not exchanged until near the close of SCO 807 SCO the war. At Monmouth, where he was the last to leave the field, he was particularly disting. In 1785 he settled in Woodford Co., Ky. ; as brig.-gen. of Ky. levies was with St. Clair at hb defeat in 1791 ; com. in a successful exped. to the Wabash, and in actions with the Indians in May and June, 1791 ; and in 1794 com. a portion of Wayne s army at the battle of Fallen Timbers. The shiretown of Powhatan Co. was named for him, also a county in Ky. Scott, GUSTAVDS HALL, commo. U.S.N., b. Va. June 13, 1812. Midshipman, Aug. 1, 1828; licut. Feb. 25, 1841; com. Dec. 27, 1S56; capt. Nov. 4, 1863; commodore 1869. Com. steamer " Keystone State," special ser vice, 1S61 ; steam - gunboat " Maratanza," N.A.B. squad., 1862-3; steamer "De Soto," 1 864 ; steam-sloop " Canandaigua," blockade squad., 1865; steam-sloop " Saranac," Pacific squad., 1866-7 ; lighthouse insp. 1868. Ham- Cl si:/. Soott, HENRY LEE, author of "Military Dictionary," 8vo, 1861, b. N. C. 1814. West Point, 1833. Son-in-law and aide-de-camp to Gen. Scott ; brev. for gallantry in the Mexican war; lieut.-col. Mar. 7, 1855; and insp.-gen. U.S.A., and col. 14 May, 1861 ; retired for physical disability 30 Oct. 1861; resigned 31 Oct. 1862. Cultum. Scott, JOB, an eminent minister of the So ciety of Friends. Author of " The Baptism of Christ a Gospel Ordinance/ 1803 ; " War In consistent with the Example and Doctrines of Christ," 8vo, 1804. See "Journal of his Life, Travels, and Labors," Wilmington, 1797. Ail Hone. Scott, JOHN, jurist; d. Richmond, Va., Jan. 7, 1850, a. 68. Member of the Va. senate 1811-13; of the State Const. Conv. in 1829; in 1830-1 he was app. judge of the 6th circuit and of the General Court. In the new organi zation of tin s last court and the establishment of the special Court of Appeals, March, 1848, he was app. one of the 5 members of these two courts, and so continued until his death. Scott, JOHN MORIN, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. N. York 1730; d. Sept. 14, 1784. Yale, 1746. A descendant of the baronial family of Scott of Ancram, he was an early op ponent of British oppression. He adopted the profession of the law, and married Helena Rut gers. With Wm. Livingston of N. J. his voice and pen boldly advocated extreme measures, and, because of his ultra Whig principles, the timid ones defeated his election to Congress in 1 774. He was one of the most active and inuu- ci.tial members of the gen. com. of N.Y. in 1775, and a member of the Prov. Congress that year; June 9, 1776, he was made a brig.- gen.. which office he held till March, 1777. He was with his brigade in the battle of Long Is land ; from March, 1777, to 1789, he was sec. of the State of N. Y. ; and was a member of Con gress in 1780-3. Scott, JULIA H. (!YINNEY), b. Pa. 1809; d. Towanda, Pa., 1842. Married to David L. Scott in 1825. A coll. of her poems, with a Memoir by Sarah C. Edgarton (Mrs. Mayo), was pub. 1843 ; a new cd. by Mrs. C. M. Saw yer, in 1854. See GriswolcTs Female Poets of Amer. Scott, MARTIN, lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. Ben- nington, Vt. ; killed Sept. 8, 1847, at the head of his regt., in battle of El Molino del Rev. App. lieut 26th Inf. Apr. 1814 ; capt. 5th Inf. Aug. 1828 ; brev. maj. for battles of Palo Al o and Resaca de la Palma, May 9, 1846 ; maj. 5ih Inf. June 29, 1846; com. his regt., and brev. lieut.-col. for the severe conflicts at Monterey, Mexico, Sept. 23, 1846. He was a famous marksman, and had seen much hard service. Scott, RICHARD, an early settler in R. I., b. Glemsford, Suffolk, Eng., 1607; d. Provi dence, R. I., 1681-2. A lineal descendant of John Baliol, founder of Baliol Coll., Oxford. Came to Boston in 1634; m. Katharine Mar- bury (sister of Mrs. Anne Hutchinson) ab. 1 637 ; joined Roger Williams soon after, and was a co-proprietor in his purchase of the In dians, and one of the signers and the supposed author of the celebrated covenant between themselves to be obedient " to all such orders and agreements as shall be made for the public good only in civil things." At first a Baptist, he in 1657 became a Quaker ; and his wife and daughters were whipped and imprisoned in Boston for Quakerism. He was a commiss. to settle the controversy with Ms. in regard to the jurisdiction of Shawomct in 1645 ; and was a dcp. to the Assembly in 1666. He left numer ous descendants. Scott, ROBERT KINGSTON, gov. S.C. 1868- 71, b. Armstrong Co., Pa., 8 July, 1826. M.D. of Starling Med. Coll., O. Son of a soldier of the war of 1812, grandson of a soldier of the Revol. Settled in practice in Henry Co., O. Lieut.-col. 68th O. Vols. Oct. 1861 ; col. 5 July, 1862 ; at capture of Fort Donelson, battle of Shiloh, and siege of Corinth ; com. brigade at Hatchie River, Tenn., under Gen. Hurl but ; com. advance of Logan s div. on the march into Mpi.; engaged at Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, and Champion Hills ; com. 2d bri gade, 3d div. 17th corps, until July, 1865; was made prisoner near Atlanta ; exchanged 24 Sept. 1864; and was in Sherman s operations before Atlanta, and in the " march to the sea ; " assist, commis. bureau of R.F., S.C., 1865-8. Scott, THOMAS, judge, b. Md. 1772; d. Chillicothe, O., Feb. 1 5, 1 856. Meth.-Epis. min ister 1789-96 ; in 1798 studied law, and settled in Chillicothe ; sec. of the conv. that framed the const, of Ohio in 1802, and of the State senate 1803-9; judge Sup. Court 1809-10; and chief justice 1810-15. A. T. Goodman. Scott, THOMAS FIELDING, D.D., Prot.- Epis. missionary, bishop of Oregon and Wash ington, consec. at Savannah, Ga., Jan. 8, 1854 ; b. 1805 ; d. N.Y. City, July 14, 1867. Many years a clergyman in Georgia. Scott, WILLIAM ANDERSON, D.D., b. Tenn. Cumberland U., Ky., 1833. Formerly editor of the N. Orleans Presbyterian, and pastor of Calvary Church, San Francisco; was in 1863 installed over the 42d Presb. Church, New- York City. Author of "Daniel a Model for Young Men," 8vo, 1854; " Achan in El Dorado," 1855; " Trade and Letters," 1856 ; "The Giant Judge," 1858; "The Church in the Army," 1862 ; "The Christ of the Apostles Creed," &c., 8vo, 1867 ; also a number of addresses, papers in periodicals, &e. Allibone. SCO 808 Scott, WINFIELD, lieut.-gen. U.S.A., b. Petersburg:, Va., June 13, 1786; d. "West Point, N.Y., May 29, I860. Wm. and M. Coll. 1804. Left an orj)han in his boyhood, he studied law, and was adra. to the bar in 1806. App. capt. of art. May 3, 1808 ; lieut.-col. 2d Art. July 6, 1812 ; adj.-gen. (ranK. of col.) March 18, 1813 ; col. 2d Art. March 12, 1813 ; brig.-geri. March 9, 1814 ; maj.-gcn. and gen. in chief of the ar my, June 25, 1841 ; brev. lieut.-gen. Feb. 28, 1855. Ordered to the Canada frontier in July, 1812, he was made prisoner, Oct. 13, at Queens- ton Heights ; exchanged in the early part of 1813 ; joined the army of Gen. Dearborn in March, 1813 ; com. the advance in the attack on Fort George, May 27, and was severely in jured by the explosion of a magazine at its surrender. Crossing the Niagara River, July 3, 1814, on the 5th he defeated the British at Chippewa; on the 25th was fought the battle of Lundy s Lane, near Niagara Falls, in which Scott had 2 horses killed under him, and re ceived two severe wounds, one of which left his arm partially disabled. These two engage ments, fought with the best British troops, established the prestige of our arms. For these brilliant services he was awarded by Congress a gold medal, Nov. 3, 1814, and was offered, but declined, the secretaryship of war. Visiting Europe in a military and diplomatic capacity, be enjoyed in France the converse and asso ciation of the leading captains of Napoleon. During the nullification troubles in 1832, he was sent to Charleston on a confidential mis sion, which was completely successful. His prudence and discretion were eminently shown in procuring the removal of the Cherokees from Ga. in 1838, in the Canadian rebellion of 1837-9, and in the boundary dispute between Me. and N. Brunswick in 1839. The annexa tion of Texas having resulted in war with Mexico, March 9, 1847, Scott landed with 12,- 000 men at Vera Cruz, invested the city and the castle of St. Juan d Ulloa, both which ca pitulated on the 26th ; taking up the march toward the capital, he gained successively the battles of Cerro Gordo (April 18), Contreras, San Antonio, and Churubusco (Aug. 19 and 20), Molino dpi Rey (Sept. 8), Chapultepec (Sept. 13), and captured the city of Mexico (Sept. 14). In these engagements, the Mexi cans, though greatly superior in numbers, and having every advantage of position, were sig nally defeated. In 1 852 he was the unsuccessful nominee of the Whig party for the presidency. On the breaking-out of the civil war, he urged wise precautions to prevent the armed with drawal of the 1 1 seceding States from the Union, secured ihc safe inaug. of Pres. Lincoln, the defence of the national capital, the organization of the Union army, and its establishment upon the strategeiic points of the country. He re tired from active service, Nov. 1, 1861, visited Europe in Nov., and devoted his later days to the preparation of his " Autobiography," 2 vols. 8vo, 1804. Also author oP General Reg ulations for the Army, 1825;*and "Infantry Tactics," 1335. SeottOW, CAPT. JOSHUA, merchant and author, of Boston, b. Eng. 1615; d. Boston, 20 Jan. 1698. He came to Boston in 1634 with his mother, a widow, and a bio. Thomas. Two of his daughters in. Thomas Savage and Samuel Checkley. His son Thomas grad. (H.U.) in 1677. He pub. in 1691 " Old Men s Fears;" in 1694 " A Narrative of the Plant ing of the Ms. Colony/ c. He was a capt. of militia, confidential agent of La Tour in transacts, with the colonial govt. 1654-7. Scranton, GEORGE W., manufacturer, b. Madison, Ct., May 23, 1811; d. Scranton, Luzerne Co., Pa., Mar. 24, 1861. Removing to N. J., and then to Pa., he engaged in his business of iron manuf. in the heart of the coal and iron region, where a large town has grown up which perpetuates his name. M.C. from 1858 till his death. Screven, GEN. JAMES ; d. of wounds re ceived in a skirmish at Midway, Ga., Nov. 24, 1778. Descended from William, a Baptist minister, who d. Georgetown, S.C., 1713, a. 84. He early engaged in the cause of liberty, and in 1774 was one of the com. which drew up articles of association for its defence in Ga. A brig.-gen., commanding the Ga. militia when that State was invaded from E. Fla., he had repeated skirmishes with them between Sun- bury and Savannah, in one of which he fell. Congress ordered the erection of a monument to his memory. Scudder, HORACE ELISHA, b. Boston, 1838. Wms. Coll. 1858. Author of "Seven Little People and their Friends," 1862 ; " Dream- Children," 1863 ; "Life and Letters of J). C. Scudder, Missionary," &c., 8vo, 1864 ; " Stories from my Attic," 1869. Editor of Riverside Maq,, and coritrib. to Atlantic Monthly ,N- A. Review, &c. Allibone, Scudder, JOHN, M.D. (Coll. of Phys. and S. 1815), missionary, b. N. Brunswick, N. J., Sept. 3, 1793; d. Wynberg, Cape of Good Hope, Jan. 13, 1855. N.J. Coll. 1811. lie studied medicine, and settled in N.Y., where ho had previously been house-surgeon of the city hospital. Giving up an extensive practice, he offered himself as a missionary to the Amer. Board ; studied theology ; and in 1819 was ord. as a minister of the D. R. Church. For 19 years he labored in Ceylon, where he also con ducted a large hospital, and attained a high reputation as a surgeon and physician, also superintending a number of schools. He was transferred to the Madras mission in 1839; revisited Amer. in 18426 ; but, visiting the Cape of Good Hope on account of his heairh in 1854, died there. He pub. " The Redeemer s Last Command," " The Harvest Perishing," "Knocking at the Door," " Letters to Children on Missionary Subjects," " Letters from the East," 1833 ; "Letters to Pious Young Men," 8vo, 1846, &c. His children, 8 sons and 2 daughters, all devoted themselves to missionary labors. See Memoir by Rev. J. B. Walerlmry, 12mo. Scudder, COL. NATHANIEL, long a mem ber of the N. J. Assembly ; member of the Old Congress 1777-9 ; killed in a skirmish with an invading-partv of the enemv at Shrewsbury, N.J., Oct. 15,1781. N.J. Coll. 1751. Seabrook, WHTTKMARSH BENJAMIN, gov. of S.C. 1848-50; d. St. Luke s Parish, S.C., Apr. 16, 1855, a. ab. 60. N.J. Coll. SEA. 809 1812. He had been a member of the State senate, and pres. of the State Agric. Society. Seabury, SAMUEL, D.D. (Oxf. U. 1777), first I j rot.-Epis. bishop of the U.S., b. Groton, Ct., Nov. 30, 1729 ; d. Feb. 25, 1796. Y.C. 1748. Son of a Cong, minister of Groton. In 1751 he went to Scotland to study medicine, but turned his attention to theology, and in 1 753 was ord. in Lond. He returned to Amer. ; was settled at N. Brunswick, N. J. ; at Jamaica, L.I., 1756-66; and at Westchester until the commencement of hostilities, when he went to N. Y. ; and atone time waschaplain of the king s Amer. regt., also practising medicine. Being the supposed author of some Tory pamphlets, ho was in 1775 seized by a party of soldiers, carried to N. Haven, and imprisoned. As the fact of authorship could not be proved, he was suffered to return to Westchester, where he continued to exert himself in behalf of the same opinions. He made a voyage to Eng. in March, 1784, to obtain consecration as bishop of Ct. Meeting with obstacles to his wishes from the English prelates, he was consecrated by three bishops of the Scottish Epis. Church, Nov. 14, 1784, and subsequently fulfilled the duties of his pastoral office at New London till his death. He took part in revising the Prayer-Book, and framing the const, of the church, which was adopted in 1789. He pub. in 1791 two vols. of sermons, to which a suppt. was added in 1798 ; also two religious tracts. Seabury, SAMUEL, D.D., clerg., grandson of the preceding, b. Hartford, Ct., June 9, 1801. Ord. deacon, Apr. 12, 1826; priest, July 7, 1828. Originally a school-teacher. He was for a time missionary to Huntington and Oyster Bay, L.I. ; removed to Hallctt s Cove (now Astoria), where he founded St. George s Church ; became a teacher in the Flushing Inst. in 1830 ; and in 1834 removed to N.Y. to take charge of the Churchman, newspaper. This journal attained great influence in the Epis. Church, especially in the discussion respecting the Oxford tracts and kindred matters. In 1849 he became rector of the Church of the Annunciation in N.Y. In 1863 he succeeded Dr. Turner as prof, of biblical learning in the Epis. Theol. Sera., N.Y. He has pub. "The Continuity of the Church of Eng. in the 16th Century,"" N.Y. 1853, 8vo ; "Amer. Slavery Justified," 1861, and other works, beside a number of occas. sermons and addresses ; d. N.Y. City, Oct. 10, 1872. Sealsfleld, CHARLES, novelist, b. 1797; d. Solothurn, Switzerland, 26 May, 1864. He resided in Amer. until 1 844, when he went to Switzerland. Most of his works were origi nally written in German. One of the most im portant of them, " Tokeah, or the White Rose," app. first in English at Phila. in 1828. His "Trans- Atlantic Travelling Sketches," " Pic tures of Life in both Hemispheres/ and " South and North," are of striking merit ; while his great Mexican novel, "The Viceroy and the Aristocracy," is said to be the most powerful and original of his works. About 1830 he was connected with the press of Lond. and Paris. Seaman, VALENTINE, M.D. (U. of Phila. 179^), physician, b. N. Ilempstead, L.I., 2 Apr. 1770 ; d. "N.Y. City, July 3, IH7. Descended from Capt. John S., who settled at Ilempstead about 1660. Studied medicine with Dr. N. Romayne ; a surgeon of the N.Y. Hospital from 1 796 to his d. Conspicuous in the in trod. of vaccination in N.Y. He pub. "Inaug. Dis course on Opium," Phila. 1792 ; " Waters of Saratoga," 1793 ; " Midwife s Monitor," 1800 ; "On Vaccination," 1816; papers in Med. Renos., &c., 1800 ; and a pharmacopoeia. See Williams s Med. Biog. ; Thompson s L.I., Ap pendix. Searle, GEORGE W., scholar, legist, and member of the Boston bar (adm. 1847), b. Sa lem, Ms., 22 Feb. 1 826. Besides a successful law- practice, he has devoted much time to litera ture, and has been for many years law-critic of the Boston Post, attaining in this department of letters a deservedly high reputation. He has prepared treatises "Of the Habeas Corpus;" "Extraord. Remedies, Error, Certiorari, Pro hibition, Mandamus, Quo Warranto," &c. ; " Legal Principles, their Exceptions and Lim itations ; " on " Patents ; " and " Hints on the Art of Advocacy," a subject of which he has made especial study. Among his numerous contribs. to periodicals are " The Penal System of Ms.," "Relations of Insanity to Crime," and "Chief Justice Taney" (Dec. 1864) and "Edward Everett" (Jan. 1865), Nat. Quart. Rev., "Bench and Bar of the U.S. Sup. Court in 1853-4" (Phila. Law Reg.), and on "Rich ard Fletcher at the Bar" (Amer. Law Rev.). Through the medium of the press and the plat form Mr. Searle has sought to elevate labor, and to improve the condition of the toiling and also of the outcast classes of society. He has also lectured upon a variety of other topics, and has delivered speeches and addresses upon festive and^ other public occasions, mostly dis cussing social and practical questions. Searle, JAMES, Revol. patriot and mer chant, b. N.Y. City ab. 1730; d. Phila. Aug. 7, 1797. A merchant in the house of his bro. in Madeira; he settled in Phila. about 1763; signed the non-importation agreement of Oct. 25, 1765 ; was one of the managers of the U.S. Lottery from Nov. 20, 1776, to Aug. 19, 1778, when he was for a short time a member of the navy board; from Nov. 1778 to July, 1780, was a delegate to Congress, where he was chairman of the commercial committee, and on the com mittees of foreign affairs and of the marine ; in Sept. 1780 he was sent to Europe to negotiate a State loan to Pa., but returned in June, 1782, unsuccessful. Simpson. Sears, BARNAS, D.D. (H.U. 1841), LL.D. (Y.C. 1862), clergyman and scholar, b. Sandis- field, Ms., Nov. 19, 1802. BrownU. 1825. He finished a course of theol. study at Newton in 1 829 ; was 2 years pastor of the First Baptist Church in Hartford ; and was app. prof, in the Hamilton Lit. and Theol. Inst., now MadLon U., N.Y. He went to Europe in 1833, and studied for several years at Halle, Leipsic, and Berlin. On his return, he was app. a prof, in the Newton Theol. Sem., where he remained 12 years, the latter part of the time as pros. ; in 1848 he succeeded Horace Mann as sec. of the Ms. Board of Education; from Aug. 21, 1855, to Feb. 1867, he was pres. of Brown U. ; since then gen. agent of the Peahody Educ, SEA 810 SED Fund. His pubs, are, a new edition of Noh- iuii s " Ci ramraar of the German Language," 1842; "Classical Studies," 1843; "Ciceronia, or the Prussian Mode of Instruction in Latin," 1844; "Memoir of Rev. Bela Jacobs," 12mo, 1837; "Life of Luther," 1850, since repub- lished in Eng. with the title " The Mental and Spiritual History of Luther," 1 850 ; numerous reports on education, occas. addresses, and con- tribs. to reviews and other periodicals, and to Apple ton s " Amer. Cyclop." In 1838, and for several years, he edited the Christian Review, and has" latterly edited the Bibliotheca Sacra. In 1864 he pub. a discourse on the completion of the tirst century of Brown University. Sears, REV. EDMUND HAMILTON, Unita rian clergyman and poet, b. Sandisfield, Ms., 1810. Un. Coll. 1834; H. U. Theol. School, 1837. Pastor of the First Church, Wayland, Ms., 1839-40; at Lancaster, Ms., 1840-7; and since 1865 at Weston, Ms. He has edited, with Rev. R. Ellis, the Montldy Religious Mag., Bos ton ; and has pub., besides hymns, " Regenera tion," 8vo; "Pictures of the Olden Time," 1857; "Athanasia, or Foregleams of Immor tality," 1858; "Christian Lyrics," 1860. Sears, CAPT. ISAAC, a patriotic merchant of N.Y., b. Norwalk, Ct., 1729; d. Canton, China, 28 Oct. 1786. His ancestor Richard, of Colchester, Eng., came to Plymouth in 1630. In 1758-61 he com. a privateer, and cruised against the French, but lost his vessel by shipwreck in 1761. He then engaged in the European and W. India trade ; but, after the passage of the Stamp Act, was the foremost of the_ Sons of Liberty in N. Y. City, and was active during the war. Member of the N.Y. Prov. Congress, and of the Assembly in 1783. Sears, ROBEKT, b. St. John, N. Brunswick, June 23, 1810. Descended from Richard of Plymouth. Removed to N.Y. City. Compiler of pictorial works, which have had a large sale, " Illustrations of the Bible," 3 vols. ; " Fami ly Bible," 4to ; " History of China and India ; " "Wars of the U. S.;" "Description of the U.S. ; " y Treasury of Knowledge ; " " Hist, of the Bible ; " " Scenes and Sketches of Con tinental Europe ; " " Description of Great Brit ain ana Ireland ; " " Information for the Peo ple ; " " Family Instructor ; " " History of the Amcr. Revolution ; " " Sunday Book ; " " Bi ble Biography ; " " Wonders of the World ; " " Guide to Knowledge ; " Description of the Russian Empire," &c. Allibone. Seaton, WILLIAM WINSTON, journalist, b. King William Co., Va., Jan. 11, 1785; d. Washington, D.C., June 16, 1866. Of Scotch descent ; and his mother, a Winston, was a cousin of Patrick Henry. He was educated at Ogilvie s Acad. in Richmond. He engaged in politics at 18 ; was assist, editor of a Richmond paper; subsequently had charge of the Peters- Imrg Republican, but soon purchased the N. C. Journal at Halifax ; whence he removed to Raleigh, and became connected with the Regis ter, an influential journal edited by Joseph Gales, whose dau. he subsequently married. In 1812 he removed to Washington, and be came partner with his bro.-in-law, Joseph Gales, jun., in founding the National Intelligencer, of ich, after the death of Mr. Gales in July, 1860, Mr. Seaton was sole editor. Their " Register of Debates," from 1824 to 1837, is a standard source of American history; and the Intelligencer, in ability, candor, fairness, and courtesy, was conspicuous among American newspapers. For 12 years (1840-51), Mr. S. was elected mayor of Washington City. G. & S. pub. " Annals of Congress, Debates and Pro ceedings in that Body from Mar. 3, 1798, to May 27, 1824," 42 vols. 8vo. His Life, prep, by his dau., was pub. in Boston in 1871, 1 vol. 12mo. Seawell, WASHINGTON, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Va. West Point, 1825. Entering the 7th Inf., he became capt. 31 July, 1836 ; brev. major for meritorious services in war against the Florida Indians, July 18, 1841 ; was engaged in the defence of Ft. Brown, Tex as, May 3-9, 1846 ; major 2d Inf. Mar. 3, 1847 ; lieut.-col. 8th Inf. Feb. 23, 1852 ; col. 6th Inf. Oct. 17, 1860; retired Feb. 20, 1862; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. Seccomb, JOHN, clergyman and poet, b. Medford, Ms., April 25, 1708; d. Chester, Nova Scotia, Jan. 1793. H.U. 1728. Minis ter of Harvard, Ms., from Oct. 10, 1733, to Sept. 1757, and of Chester from 1763 to his death. He pub. an ordination-sermon in Nova Scotia 1770, and a discourse on the death of the wife of Gov. Belcher 1771. His humorous poem, entitled " Father Abbey s Will," was pub. both in the Gentleman s and European Maga zines in May, 1782 : it was reprinted in the Ms. Mag. Nov. 1794; and in 1854 by J. L. Sibley, with hist, and biog. notes. Seddon, JAMES A., lawyer and politician of Va. Adopted the profession of law, and represented the Richmond dist. in Congress in 1845-7 and 1849-51 ; was a member of the Peace Congress, Feb. 4, 1861 ; was elected a delegate to the Confed. Congress, July 20, 1861; and made sec. of war on the resignation of G. W. Randolph, Nov. 18, 1862. He resides in Goochland County. Sedgwick, CATHARINE MARIA, author ess, dau. of Judge Theodore, b. Stockbridge, Ms., 28 Dec. 1789 ; d. Roxbury, July 31, 1867. After the death of her father, in 1813, she su perintended the education of the daughters of some of her intimate friends, which she contin ued to do for 50 years with eminent success. Her first story, " The New-England Tale," ap peared anonymously in 1822. In 1824 she pub. " Redwood," repub. in Eng., and trans lated into French, Italian, and Swedish ; in 1828 " Hope Leslie," one of the most popular of American novels ; in 1830 " Clarence, or a Tale of our Own Times ; " in 1832 " Le Bos- su ; " in 1835 "The Linwoods," a romance of the Revol., and also a collection of short tales ; and in the following 3 years " The Poor Rich Man and the Rich Poor Man," "Live and Let Live," "Means and Ends," " Home," and "Love- Token for Children." In 1837 her Memoir of Lucretia Davidson appeared in Sparks s " Amer. Biog." In 1841, on returning from a European visit, she pub. " Letters from Abroad ; " in 1845 " Wilton Harvey and Oth er Tales ; " next " Morals and Manners ; " and in 1857 her latest novel, "Married, or Single? " in 1858 she pub. the Life of Joseph Curtia SED 811 SEID of New York ; " Hist. Sketches of the Old Painters," 1841 ; " Letters to My Pupils," 1862. She wrote much for the magazines. A selec tion of her works was pub. in 3 vols. in 1849 and in 1856. Memoir by Mary E. Dewey, I2mo, 1871. Sedgwick, HENRY D WIGHT, member of the New-York bar, son of Theodore, b. Shef field, Ms., Sept. 22, 1785; d. Stockbridge, Dec. 23, 1831. Wms. Coll. 1804. He pub. Appeal to the City of New York on the Pro posed Alteration of its Charter ; English Prac tice, &c., of the Common Law, 8vo, 1822; Refutation of the Reasons, &c., in the Award in the Case of the two Greek Frigates, 1826. Contrib. to N. A. Review, and articles on poli tics and religion in the journals of the day. A/libone. Sedgwick, JOHN, maj.-gen. U.S. Vols., b. Cornwall, Ct., Sept. 13, 1813. Killed at Spott- sylvania, May 9, 1864. West Point, 1837. En tering the 2d Art., he became 1st lieut. in 1839 ; brev. capt. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, where he com. his company ; was highly disting. for his conduct in the battles of Molino del Rey and Chapultepec, and the at tack on the San Cosme Gate, for which he was brcv. major; capt. 26 Jan. 1849; major 1st Cav. 8 Mar. 1855; col. Apr. 25, 1861; brig.- fen. vols. Aug. 31, 1861 ; and maj.-gen. vols. lay 31, 1862 ; engaged in the Florida war in 1837-8; in the Cheyenne exped. 1857; in the Utah exped. 1857-8, and in the Kiowa and Comanche exped. 1860; assigned the com. on the Upper Potomac; in Feb. 1862, and during the Chickahominy campaign, led a division in Sumncr s army corps; greatly disting. himself at Fair Oaks, and wounded at Glendale. At the battle of Antietam he was seriously wounded, and on his recovery in Dec. was as signed to com. the 9th (late Burnside s) army corps. Feb. 5, 1863, he took com. of the sixth corps ; at its head he carried the heights near Fredericksburg in the Chancellorsville cam paign, May, 1863; com. the left wing during the Gettysburg campaign, where he was of great service. At the passage of the Rapid an, Nov. 7, 1863, he captured a whole Confed. divis ion, and was thanked in a General Order. He com. his corps in the battles of the Wilderness during the hardest of the righting, and, while placing some artillery in position, was struck by a sharpshooter s bullet, and instantly killed. He was one of the oldest, ablest, and bravest of the soldiers of the Army of the Potomac. His simplicity and honest manliness endeared him to all. Brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. May 31, 1862. Sedgwick, GEN. ROBERT, b. Eng. ; d, Jamaica, May 24, 1656. He had been a mem ber of the Artillery Co. in London ; was one of the first settlers of Charlestown, Ms., in 1635 ; and was an enterprising merchant. He was many years a dep. from Charlestown to the Gen. Court ; was one of the founders of the A. and H. Art. Co. in 1638, its capt. 1640; com. the Castle in 1641, and the Middlesex regt. in 1643 ; and was in 1652 promoted to the highest mili tary rank in the Colony. He was associated with John Winthrop, jun., in the establishment of the first furnace and ironworks in this coun try in 1643-4. He went to Eng., and was em ployed by Cromwell to expel the French from Penobscot in 1654; was engaged in the great exped. against the Spanish W. Indies when Jamaica was taken, and, just before his death, was advanced to the rank of maj.-gen. by the Protector. Sedgwick, THEODORE, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1799), judge, b. Hartford, Ct., May, 1746; d. Boston, Jan. 24, 1813. Y. C. 1765. His fa ther Benjamin, merchant, a descendant of Gen. Robert, d. when he was 13 years of age. Hav ing been rusticated for a boyish misdemeanor, he left college without finishing his course. Abandoning the study of divinity for the law, he was in April, 1766, adm. to the bar; prac tised in Great Barrington, and afterwards in Sheffield. He engaged with ardor in the Revol struggle ; in 1776 served as aide to Gen. Thomas in the exped. to Canada ; and subse quently exerted himself to procure supplies for the army. He represented Sheffield several times in the Ms. legisl. before and after the Revol. ; was a member of the Cont. Congress in 1785 and 6, and in 1789-96 of the Fed eral Congress. His exertions in putting down Shays s Rebellion were of the greatest im portance. In 1788 he was a representative of Stockbridge in the State conv. that adopted the Federal Const., of which he was a principal advocate ; he was speaker of the house in the same year; and a member of the U.S. senate from 1796 to March, 1799, acting as pres. pro tern, in 1797 ; in 1799 he was again speaker of the house; and from 1802 to his d. was judge of the Supreme Court of Ms. He was one of the counsel, who, soon after the adoption of the Const, of Ms., procured a decision by which such a construction was given to that instru ment as to abolish slavery in the State. He was an active member of the old Federal party, and an intimate associate of Hamilton, Jay, Rutledge, Ames, King, and its other leaders. Member Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Sedgwick, THEODORE, lawyer and pub licist, eldest son of the preceding, b. Sheffield, Ms., Dec. 31, 1780; d. Pittsfield, Nov. 7, 1839. Y. C. 1798. He studied law with his father; was adm. to the bar in 1801 ; and practised at Albany, but, from declining health, he retired in 1822 to Stockbridge, the family residence. He was a member of the State legisl. in 1 824, 25, and 27, and a prominent member of the Democ. party ; was a ready and effective speak er, and enjoyed a successful practice, as well as a high position at the bar. In 1827 he intro duced into the State legisl. a project of a rail road across the mountains from Boston to Albany, which was then derided as visionary, but which he succeeded in finally carrying through. He was devoted to the causes of free trade, temperance, and antislavery. He pub. "Hints to my Countrymen,". 1 826 ; "Public and Private Economy," 1836; and addresses to the Berkshire Agric. Soc., of which he was pres. in 1823 and 30. He m. a gr.-dau. of Gov. Wm. Livingston, author of some works of fiction, who d^. 1867. Sedgwick, THEODORE, son of the pre ceding, lawyer and author, b. Albany, elan. 27, 1811 ; d. Stockbridge, Ms., Dec. 8, 1853. Col. Coll. 1829. Adm. to the bar in May, 1833; 812 SEM: he passed the next 1 5 months in Europe, chief ly m Paris, where he was attached to the lega tion of Edward Livingston. On his return, he practised law in N. York with great success till ill-health compelled him, ab. 1850, to sus pend his labors. Pres. Buchanan tendered him the mission to the Hague in 1857; and the office of assist, sec. of state was twice offered him, but declined. In Jan. 1858 he received an unsolicited app. as U.S. atty. for the southern dist. of N. Y., which he held till his death. In 1833 he pub. a Life of his maternal great-grand father, Wm. Livingston ; " What is Monopo ly ?" 1835; "Annexation of Texas," 1844; " The American Citizen," a discourse, Un. Coll., 1847 ; edited the Political Writings of Wm. Leggett (2 vols. 8vo, N. Y. 1840) ; pub. a " Treatise on the Measure of Damages," N. Y., 1847, 5th ed. 1869, a standard authority in America and England; and in 1857 a "Treatise on Statutory and Constitutional Law." First pres. of the N. Y. Crystal-Palace Company. He was a leading contribute Har per s Magazine and Weekly. His political es says, many of which were contrib. to the Even ing Post under the signature of " Veto," were remarkable for their independent spirit, their soundness of judgment, and their clearness and vigor of style. Sefton, JOHN, comedian, b. Liverpool, Eng., Jan. 15, 1805 ; d. N. Y. City, Sept. 19, 1868. Educated for the bar. His taste for the stage led him at 16 to enter that career, in which, id certain comic parts, he had no supe rior. He came to the U.S. in 1827 ; played for two seasons at the Walnut-st. Theatre, Phila. ; and in New York, in the part of Jemmy Twitcher, in " The Golden Farmer," achieved great success and popularity. Seftou was stage-manager at the Astor-place Opera-House during the celebrated Macready riot. He was afterward stage-manager at Richmond ; at the Walnut, Phila. ; at Charleston and Columbia, S.C. ; and at N. Orleans under Placide. His last app. was at the Broadway Theatre, for the benefit of Barton Hill, in Oct. 1867. Seguin, MR. AND MRS. ARTHUR ED WARD SHELDEN, vocalists. He was b. Lond., Eng., Apr. 7, 1809 ; d. N.Y. City, Dec. 9, 1852. Member of the Lond. Acad. of Music. First appeared at the Queen s Theatre in 1831 as Polyphemus in Handel s "Acs and Galatea." First app. at the Old National, N.Y., Oct. 15, 1838, in the opera of Amelie; and afterward performed in the principal cities with considera ble repute as a bass-singer and comic actor. His wife, Ann Child, first app. at a concert in London ; was long a member of the Italian Opera Co., London ; and first app. at Drury Lane in 1836, in Fidelio. _She was a great fa vorite in the U.S., but retired from the stage, and taught music in New York, where she is now (1871) living. Broicn s Amer. Stage. Segur (sa -giir), LOUIS-PHILIPPE, COUNT DE, diplomatist and historian, b. Paris, Dec. 10, 1753 ; d. there Aug. 27, 1832. Eldest son of Marshal Segur. Entered the army in 1769, arid in 1781 received the brev. of 2d col. of the regt. Soissonnais in America; embarked in April, in the frigate " Gloire," with his friends Linict!i, Broglie, and Lauzun, and took part in the capture of Yorktown. After his return to France, he was successively ambassador to St. Petersburg and Berlin. He was ruined by the revolution, and during a considerable period supported his father, as well as his family, by the productions of his pen. Napoleon app. him a member of the council of state 1803, grand master of the ceremonies, and a senator. On the restoration of the Bourbons, he was created a peer of France, and sided with the liberals. His principal works are a "History of the Reign of Frederick Wm. II. ; " " Moral and Political Gallery ; " " Ancient and Modern History ; " also M&noires, /Souvenirs, et Anec dotes, 3 vols. 8vo, 1824. SeiSS, JOSEPH AUGUSTUS, D.D., b. near Emmittsburg, Pa., 1823. Lutheran pastor in Baltimore, and in 1869 pastor of St. John s Ch., Phila. Author of " Lectures on Hebrews," 1846; "Baptist System Examined," 1854; " The Last Times,"* &c., 1856 ; " Threatening Ruin," 1861; "Day of the Lord," 1861; "Book of Worship," 1865; "The Lutheran Church," 1868; "Lectures on the Gospels," 1868-9; "Plain Words," &c., 1869. He edited " Digest of Christian Doctrine," 8vo, 1857; "Evangelical Psalmist," 1860. Also pub. sermons and addresses, and is one of the editors of the Lutheran and Missionary, and the Prophetic Times. Allibone. Selfridge, THOMAS 0., rear-adm. U. S. N., b. Ms. 10 Oct. 1804. Son of Thomas Oliver, a prominent Federalist and lawyer (H.U. 1797, d. 1816), who shot Charles Austin in Boston in 1806; was tried and acquitted. Midship. Jan. 1, 1818; lieut. Mar. 3, 1827; com. Apr. 11, 1844; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; commo. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. (retired list) July, 1870. Attached to the exploring-exped. 1829; com. sloop " Dale," Pacific squad., 1848 ; steamer " Mississippi," 1861 ; com. Mare-Island Navy- Yard, Cal., 1862-4 ; Phila. Navy-Yard, 1867-8 j S-es. examining board 1869. His son THOMAS ., com. U. S. N. (b. 1836, Naval Acad. 1854), was app. lieut. in 1860; was in the frigate " Cumberland" at the capture of Cape ilat- teras and the fight with " The Merrimack " in Hampton Roads ; served on the Mpi. and Red Rivers ; com. " The Huron " in the attack on Fort Fisher, and led a division of sailors to its assault ; com. of Darien exploring-expedition, 1870. Hamersly. Selkirk, ALEXANDER, a Scottish sailor, b. Largo, 1676 ; d. 1723. A lieut. in the navy. Having quarrelled with his capt., he was left on the uninhabited island of Juan Fernandez in 1704, and was rescued by Capt. Woodes Rogers in- 1709, who made him his mate. Selkirk s adventures suggested to De Foe the celebrated romance of "Robinson Crusoe." Selkirk, THOMAS, earl of, founder of the Red-river settlements in Western Canada, b. 1774; d. Pau, south of France, Apr. 6, 1820. Author of a treatise on Emigration, State ment respecting his Settlement, 8vo, London, 1817. Semmes, RAPHAEL, capt. of the Confed. cruiser "Alabama," b. Md. Sep. 27, 1 809 of Irish and Scotch parentage. Midsh. U. S. N. 1 Apr. 1826; lieut. 9 Feb. 1837; com. coast-survey steamer " Poinsett " in 1843; the brig " Por SEM 813 SER, poise" in 1846; served as vol. aide to Gen. Worth in the battles in the Valley of Mexico ; com. 1855; sec. light-house board 1859-61 ; resigned, and app. com. Confed. navy on the breaking-out of the Rebellion; com. the steamer " Sumter," and cruised successfully against Amer. commerce in the W. Indies; blockaded at Tangier, and, obliged to sell his vessel there, went to Eng., where the fast steamer "290" was built for him, and in Aug. 1863 he put to sea, inflicting great injury on our commerce. This vessel was sunk off Cherbourg, France, by the U.S. steamer " Kearsarge," Capt. Wins- low, 19 June, 1864. Claims to a large amount against the British govt., growing out of its dis regard of international comity in permitting the sailing of this vessel, were in 1872 settled by arbitration at Geneva. Semmes has been appointed prof, of moral philos. in the State seminary of La. at Alexandria. Author of " Service xVfloat and Ashore during the Mexi can War/ 8vo, 1851; "Campaign of Gen. Scott in the Valley of Mexico," 1852 ; " Cruise of the Alabama," 1864. Semple, GEN. JAMES, senator and jurist, b. Ky. 1799; d. Elsah Landing, 111., Dec. 1866. He practised law in Louisville ; removed to 111. ab. 1827, and practised at Edwardsville, Madison Co. Elected to the legisl., he became speaker for several sessions; in 1833 atty.- gcn. of the State, and gen. of militia ; was charg^ d affaires to New Granada in 1837-41 ; judge of the Supreme Court of 111. in 1842; and U.S. senator in 1843-7. Semple, ROBERT, gov. of Earl Selkirk s settlement on Red River, U.C. ; was murdered near that place in 1816. Author of several books of travel. Semple, ROBERT BAYLOR, D.D. (B.U. 1816), a Baptist clergyman, b. Jan. 20, 1769 ; d. Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 25, 1831. He received a classical education ; became a teacher at the age of 16, and studied law, which at the age of 20 he relinquished for divinity, becom ing in 1790 pastor of the Bruigton Baptist Church. In 1805 he was offered the presidency of Transylv. U., but did not accept. He pub. a "Catechism for Children," 1809; "A His tory of the Va. Baptists in 1810;" " Memoir of Elder Straughan," " Letters to Alexander Campbell," and some minor works. In 1827 he became the financial agent of Columbia Coll., retaining nis pastorate. From 1820 to his d. he was pres. of the triennial convention of the Baptist denomination in the U.S. Senter, ISAAC, M.D. (Y.C. 1792), phy sician, b. N.H. 1755 ; d. Newport, R.I., Dec. 20, 1799. He went to Newport early in life ; stud ied medicine with Dr. Thomas Moffat ; was a surgeon in the Revol. army, and accomp. Arnold s exped. to Quebec, an" interesting ac count of which, prepared by him, is pub. in " Hist. Soc. of Pa. Bulletin, 5 vol. i. He after ward practised in Pawtucket, but removed to Newport, and became the most disting. prac titioner both of physic and surgery in the State. He contrib. to the medical journals of the day, and pub., in the " Trans, of the Coll. of Phy sicians of Phila.," " Remarks on Phthisis Pulmonalis." An hon. member of the medical societies of Lond., Edinb., and Ms., and was for many years pres. of the Society of Cincinnati of R.I. Thacher. Sergeant (sar -jant), ER-.STUS, M.D. (H.U. 1811), physician, of Stock-bridge, Ms., b. Stockbridge, Aug. 7, 1742; d. there Nov. 14, 1814. A.M. of Y.C. 1784. Son of Rev. John. Spent two years at N. J. Coll., and studied medi cine with his uncle, Dr. Thomas Williams of Deerfield. He was a skilful surgeon, and became the principal operator within a circle of 30 miles. Major in the 7th Regt. of the county, with which he did duty at Lake Champlain from Dec. 1776 to Apr. 1777, and until Burgoyne s surrender. Sergeant, JOHN, missionary to the Indians, b. Newark, N. J., 1710; d. Stockbridge, July 27, 1749. Y.C. 1729. Tutor there 1731-5. Ord. 31 Aug. 1735. He began to prench at Houssatonnuc, an Indian village in Western Ms., in Oct. 1734. With great labor, he trans lated the New Testament, and some portions of the Old, into the Indian tongue, and also pub. a Letter on the Indians, and a Sermon, 1743. These Indians emigrated to New Stock- bridge, N.Y., and were 60 years under the care of his son JOHN, who died there Sept. 8, 1824, a. 77. Sergeant, JOHN, LL.D. (Dick. 1826; H.U. 1844), an eminent lawyer and statesman, son of Jonathan Dickinson, b. Phila. Dec. 5, 1779; d. there Nov. 23, 1852. N. J. Coll. 1795. Abandoning his intention of becoming a mer chant, he applied himself to the study of law, and was adm. to the Phila. bar in July, 1799. For more than half a century he was exten sively known as one of the most honorable and profound members of his profession, and one of its acknowledged leaders. He entered public life in 1801, when he was app. commiss. of bankruptcy by Jefferson. He was afterwards dep. atty.-gen. of Pa. ; member of the legi.sl. ; in 1838 pres. of the Pa. Const. Conv. ; M.C. in 1815-23, 1827-9, and 1837-42. In 1820, as the leading champion of the Northern States, he displayed his great intellectual powers in. procuring the passage of the Mo. Compromise. Mar. 4, 1826, he was app. one of the two envoys- extr. and ministers-plenipo. to the Panama Congress ; in 1832 he was the Whig candidate for the vice-presidency, but was defeated ; and when, in 1840, Gen. Harrison became pres. of the U.S., the mission to Eng. was tendered to Mr. Sergeant, but declined. His last office was that of arbitrator, app. by Sec. Marcy to deter mine a long-pending and vexatious controversy between the U.S. and the State of N. J. He acted as pres. of the House of Refuge from the date of its establishment, and was also pres. of the Apprentices Library Co. His " Select Speeches" were pub. Phila. 8vo, 1832. He pub. a eulogy on Adams and Jefferson, and a speech on the Missouri Question, 1820. Sergeant, JONATHAN DICKINSON, lawyer and patriot, tatln-r of the preceding, b. Newark, N. J., 1746; d. Phila., Oct. 7, 1793. N. J. Coll. 1762. He studied law, an<l commenced practice in his native State. Was a member of the Cont. Cong, in 1776-7 : took his scat a lew d:iys after the Docl. of In dep. ; and in July, 1777, became atty.-gen. of Pa. ; which post he resigned in 1730*, and devoted himself to his SER, 814 SEW profession. Before the close of the war, he transferred his residence to Phila. ; soon be came conspicuous at its bar, continuing to re side there until he fell a victim, during the prevalence of the yellow-fever, to his benevo lent exertions as one of the board of health. Sergeant, THOMAS, jurist, b. Phila. Jan. 14, 1782; d. there May 5, 1860. N.J. Coll. 1798. Son of the preceding. He studied law ; was app. clerk of the mayor s court ; was a rep. in the State legisl. in 1812-14; in 1814-17 judge of the Dist. Court; in 1817-19 sec. of Pa.; 1819-20 atty.-gen. ; postmaster of Phila. 1824-32 ; and assoc. justice of the Sup. Court of Pa. Feb. 1834-46. In connection with Wrn. Rawle he reported the decisions of the Sup. Court from 1814 to 1828. He pub. "Treatises on the Land Law of Pa.," 1838; on "Constitutional Law," 1822; on "Attach ment," 1811; and "Sketch of the National Judiciary Powers ; " and in early life was a con- trib. of prose and poetry to periodicals. He was long pres. of the Hist. Soc. of Pa., mem ber of the Philos. Soc., and of the N.E. Hist, and Geneal. Soc. He m. Sarah Bache, a gr.-dau. of Franklin. N. E. Hist, and Geneal. Reg., xiv. 292. Sessions, DARIUS, patriot and lieut.-gov. of R.I. ; d. Providence, Mar. 1 809, a. 92. Y.C. 1737. Seton, ELIZA ANN, founder of the Sisters of Charity in the U.S., b. N.Y. Aug. 28, 1774; d. Emmettsburg, Md., Jan. 4, 1821. Dau. of Dr. Richard Bay ley, and in her 20th year was m. to Mr. Wm. Seton, upon whose death at Leghorn, in 1803, she returned to N.Y. ; was received into the R.C. Church, and for support opened a school in Baltimore, whither she removed with her children. In 1809 she was enabled, by an ample endowment from a Mr. Cooper, to open a semi-conventual establish ment at Emmettsburg. Their first charge out side of their own house was that of an orphan asylum in Phila., to which 3 sisters were sent in 1814. In 1817 an act of incorporation of the sisterhood was passed by the legisl. of Md. Her Life, by Rev. Charles J. White, was pub. in N.Y. 1853. Appleton. Severance, LUTHER, journalist and poli tician, b. Montague, Ms., Oct. 28, 1797; d. Augusta, Me., Jan. 25, 1855. In 1825 he quitted his apprenticeship to Gales and Seaton of Washington, and established the Kennebec Journal in Augusta, which he printed and edit ed himself. Five years later he was sent to the State legisl., and was repeatedly a mem ber of the senate and of the house. M.C. in 1 843-7 ; and was commiss. to the Sandwich Islands in 1850-4. Sevier, AMBROSE H., lawyer and senator, b.Middle Tenn. in 1802 ; d. Little Rock, Ark., Dec. 31, 1848. Fatherless, poor, and scantily educated, he emig. in 1820 to the newly-organ ized Terr, of Ark., where he managed to be adm. to the bar before attaining the age of 21. Was also app. clerk of the Terr, legisl. ; was elected to the legisl. in 1823 and 25 ; represent ed the Terr, of Ark. in Congress in 1827-36, and the State as a U.S. senator in 1837-48, when he was selected by Pres. Polk to negotiate a treaty of peace with "Mexico. Chairman of the com. on Indian affairs for many years, ana afterwards of the com. on foreign relations. . Sevier, GEN. JOHN, b. of French parent age (Xavier), on the Shenandoah, Va., 1745; d. near Fort Decatur, Ga., Sept. 24, 1S15. Went with an exploring-party to the Holston River, E. Tenn., in 1769 ; built Fort Watauga, and aided in its defence against the Indians ; served as capt. in Dunmore s exped., and was in the battle of Point Pleasant ; a delegate in 1772 to a conv. at Halifax, N.C. ; member of the Assembly in 1777, and procured the estab lishment of a district, and the extension of State laws, establishment of courts, &e. After much successful Indian fighting, in 1777 made lieut.-col. ; in 1779 he fought with them thfe successful battle of Boyd s Creek ; com. a regt. ; and was one of the leaders at King s Mountain, Oct. 7, 1780, and received sword and thanks from N.C. legisl. Was in the battle of Mus- grove s Mills, and in 1781 he was attached to Marion s command, and at the close of the war was a brig.-gen. In 1784 he was made gov. of the State of " Franklin," the name by which the Tenn. settlements first became politically known. In 1786 he again chastised the Cher- okees for disregarding treaty obligations. When Tenn. was organized in 1788, he was gov. until 1801, and in 1803-9 ; M.C. 1811-15 ; accepted a mission to the Creek Indians in 1815, but d. while engaged in its performance. Sewall, DAVID, LL.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1812), jurist, b. York, Me., Oct. 7, 1735; d. there Oct. 22, 1825. H.U. 1755. Son of Samuel, who d. Apr. 28, 1769, a. 81. Classmate and friend of John Adams. Established himself at York in 1759 ; practised law several years ; was app. justice of the peace 1762, register of probate 1766 ; took an active part in the Rev- ol. ; was chosen councillor, and was app. in 1777 a justice of the Superior Court; and from 1789 to 1818 was judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of Me. He represented York in the Ms. legisl. in 1776. Sewall, JONATHAN, LL.D., jurist and loy alist, b. Boston, Aug. 24, 1728; d. St. John, N.B., Sept. 26, 1796. H.U. 1748. His father Jonathan was a nephew of Chief Justice Stephen. In early life he was the intimate friend and associate of John Adams. He was several years, and until 1756, a teacher in Salem. Commenced the practice of law in Charlestown, and in 1767 was app. atty.-gen. of Ms. In May, 1769, he commenced a suit in behalf of a negro to obtain his freedom from his master, James vs. Richard Lechmere of Cambridge. The suit terminated the follow ing year in favor of the negro, two years pre viously to the settlement of the case of the negro Somerset, which Blackstone commends so highly. In 1768 he was app. judge of the Admiralty Court for Nova Scotia, but did not remove thither. At the commencement of the Revol. he resided at Cambridge in the Vnssa! House, subsequently Washington s headquar ters. Early in 1775 he went to Eng., and was among those proscribed, April 30, 1779; in 1788 he removed to St. John, N.B., where he was judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court until his death. Author of a number of political papers. To him was ascribed for some time the author- SEW 815 STCW ship of the Letters of " Massachusettensis " (see John Adams s reprint of the Letters of Novan- glus and M.), although Trumbull, in his bur lesque of Gage s proclamation (the foundation of McFingal) in 1775, assigned the authorship properlv to Daniel Leonard. Sewall, JONATHAN MITCHELL, lawyer and poet, b. Salem, Ms., 1748; d. Portsmouth, N.H., March 29, 1808. He was adopted by his uncle, Chief Justice Stephen Sewall. Studied law; was disting. at the bar; and in 1774 was register of probate for Grafton Co., N. H., afterward removing to Portsmouth, N.H. For many years previous to his death he was in temperate. His occasional poetic pieces, some of which attained great popularity, were col lected and pub. in 1801 ; manv were of a poli tical cast, and were printed in most of the Federal gazettes from Maine to Georgia. He was noted for wit, and was eminent in social qualities. In his epilogue to the tragedy of " Cato," written in 1778, occurs the well- known couplet : " No pent-up Utica contracts your powers ; But the whole boundless continent is yours." His lyrics, especially his " War and Washing ton," warmed the patriotism and cheered the hearts of the soldiers of the Revol. In 1798 he printed " The Versification of Washington s Farewell Address;" and in 1788 delivered " The Fourth-of-July Oration " in Portsmouth, which was published. Sewall, JOSEPH, D.D. (U. of Glasg. 1731), divine, b. Aug. 15, 1688; d. June 27, 1769. H. U. 1707. Son of Chief Justice Samuel. Ord. colleague with Pemberton at the Old South Church, Boston, Sept. 16, 1713; in 1724 was offered the pres. of H.U., which he declined. Corresp. member of the Society in Scotland for promoting Christian Knowledge ; and was also a commiss. of the London corp. for the Propagation of the Gospel in N.E. and Parts Adjacent. A man of great benevolence, a friend of learning, and donated to H. U. a fund to be appropriated to indigent scholars. He pub. 23 funeral and other sermons, also "Four Sermons," 1741. Eliot. Sewall, RUFUS KING, b. Edgecomb, Me., 1814. Bowd. Coll. 1837. Author of " The Christian s Miniature," 1844; "Sketches of St. Augustine," 1848; "Ancient Dominions of Maine," 8vo, 1859 ; "Appeal to the Sons of Temperance," 1850. Allibone. Sewall, SAMUEL, jurist, b. Basing-Stoke, Eng., March 28, 1652 ; d. Jan. 1, 1730. H.U. 1671. His grandfather Henry, b. in 1576, came to N. E., lived in Newbury or Rowley, Ms., and d. ab. 1655. His father Henry came over in 1634, began the settlement at New bury, and, returning, finally settled there in 1659, being followed by his wife and children in 1661. Samuel, after studying divinity, and preaching fora short time, came into possession of great wealth by his marriage, Feb. 28, 1676, with Hannah, dau. of John Hull, goldsmith of Boston. An assist, in 1684-6, he made a voy age to England in 1688, and, returning in 1689, resumed Ids seat at the board of assistants. He was a mually chosen to the council from 1692 until 1725; was a judge from 1692 to 1718, when he was made chief justice ; and in 1728 resigned, in consequence of age and infirm ity, this, as well as the office of judge of probate for Suffolk. Sharing in the then general belief in witchcraft, he concurred in the condemna tions in 1692 ; but at a public fast, Jan. 14, 1697, a " bill " was read by his minister, Rev. Samuel Willard, before the cong., in which he acknowledged his own guilt, asked the pardon both of God and man, and deprecated the divine judgments for his sin. He contributed liberally to the spread of the gospel among the Indians; and in 1699 was chosen one of the commiss. of the Society in Eng. for the Propa gation of the Gospel in N.E., and soon after their sec. and treasurer. His sympathy for African slaves prompted him in 1700 to pub. a tract entitled " The Selling of Joseph," in which he advocated their rights ; it being his opinion that there would " be no progress in gospelling" until slavery was abolished. His benevolence and charity were great, and his house was a seat of hospitality. He published " Answer to Queries respecting America," 1690; "Accomplishment of Prophecies," 1713; "A Memorial relating to the Kennebec In dians," 1721; "A Description of the New Heaven," &c., 1 727. His Diary and other papers are now in possession of the Ms. Hist. Society. Sewall, SAMUEL, LL.D., A.A.S., jurist, b. Boston, 11 Dec. 1757 ; d. Wiscasset, Me., 8 June, 1814. H. U. 1776. Grandson of Rev. Joseph. His mother was a dau. of Edmund Quincy. He practised law in Marblehead ; soon became eminent ; was a member of the State legisl.; M.C. 1797-1800; judge of the Sup. Court 1800-13; chief justice from Nov. 1813 to his death. Sewall, SAMUEL, bro. of Stephen, mecha nician, and constructor of bridges ; d. York, Me., July 28, 1815, a. 91. He possessed a vigorous and inventive mind; was well versed in the principles of mechanics and nat. philos. ; and was the author of a number of improvements in the arts, among which is the construction of bridges on piles, which he first introduced at York, Me., in 1761. In 1786 he superin tended the erection of the Charlestown bridge on this plan. Sewall, SAMUEL, pastor of a Cong, church at Burlington, Ms., Apr. 13, 1814, to his d. 18 Feb. 1868; b. Marblehead, Ms., 1 June, 1785. H.U. 1804. Son of Judge Samuel (H.U. 1776). Studied theol. at Cambridge, and was fond of antiquarian pursuits. Author of " History of Woburn, Ms.," pub. with a Memorial Sketch by Rev. C. C. Sewall, 8vo, 1868. Sewall, STEPHEN, jurist, b. Salem, 18 Dec. 1704; d. Sept. 10, 1760. H.U. 1721; tutor there 1728-39. Son of Maj. Stephen of New bury. He taught school in Marblehead, and preached acceptably ; was judge of the Supe rior Court 1739-52; chief justice, and menibei of the council, from 1752 till his death. Sewall, STEPHEN, Hebraist, b. York, Me., April 4, 1734; d. July 23, 1804. H.U. 1761. Son of Nicholas. He earned the means of en tering college by working as a joiner ; taught the grammar-school at Cambridge ; became Hebrew tutor at the college in 1762 ; and when the Hancock professorship was founded, June SEW 816 SEY 17, 1765, continued more than 20 years in that chair. lie took an early part in the Revol. ; and was a representative from Cambridge in 1777. He pub. a Hebrew grammar, 1763; some translations and obituary discourses; " Carmina Sacra" &c., 1789; "Scripture His tory of Sodom and Gomorrah," 1796; and left in MS. a Chaldee and English Dictionary. He contrib. 7 of the Greek and Latin poems in the " Pietas et Gratulatio," 4to, 1761, and was an accomplished scholar. Sewall, WILLIAM BAKTLETT, journalist, and member of the Portland bar, son of Dan iel, b. York, Me., 1782; d. 1869. H.U. 1803. Author of the " Maine Register ; " assisted his father in almanac-making; was a contrib. to many papers, and editor of the Portland Adver tiser. Willis s Lawyers of Maine. Sewell, JONATHAN, LL.D. (H.U. 1832), b. Cambridge, Ms., 1766; d. Quebec, Nov. 12, 1839. Son of Jon. Sewall (ante). Educated at the grammar-school, Bristol, Eng. Went to New Brunswick in 1785; to Quebec in 1789 ; was adm. to the bar, Oct. 30, 1789 ; was solicitor-gen, in 1793; advocate and atty.-gen. and judge of vice -admiralty in 1795-1808; member of 3 successive parliaments; chief-jus tice in 1808-38, and pres. of the exec, council 1808-29 ; speaker of the legisl. council from Jan. 9, 1809/to his d. Author of a Memoir of Sir Jas. Craig, and an essay on French Cana dian Law, 1834. Sewell, WILLIAM GEANT, journalist and author, b. Quebec, 1829; d. there Aug. 9, 1862. Grandson of Jonathan, chief justice of L.C. Educated for the law, he preferred jour nalism, and in 1852 became connected with the New- York daily press, and was for some time one of the principal editors of the N.Y. Daily Times Some years passed in the West Indies in search of health resulted in his publishing " The Ordeal of -Free Labor in the West In dies," 1861. Seward, WILLIAM HENRY, LL.D. (Y.C. 1854), statesman, b. Florida, Orange Co., N.Y., 1 6 May, 1 801 . Un. Coll. 1 820. Son of Saml. S. Seward, M.D. (who d. 1849), and Mary Jen nings. In 1819 he taught school 6 months in Ga. He studied law under John Duer and Ogden Hoffman; was adm. to the bar in 1822; began practice at Auburn in 1 823, and acquired a high reputation as a criminal lawyer. In !S24^he m Frances Adeline, dau. of Judge Elijah Miller. In 1828 he was pres. of a State conv. of young men who favored the re-election of J. Q. Adams ; member of the State senate in 1830-4, he made in 1832 an able speech in favor of the U. S. Bank, and became a leader of the opposition party afterward known as Whigs. In 1 833 he made a tour in Europe, and pub. his observations in a series of letters. The unsuc cessful candidate for gov. of N.Y. in 1834, but elected in 1838, and again in 1840 ; he favored internal improvements, reform in the courts of law and chancery, and the extension of educa tion. In 1842 he resumed his profession, prac tising extensively, chiefly in the U.S. courts. He supported Henry Clay in 1844, and Gen. Taylor in 1848; opposed the annexation of Texas; and was U.S. senator in 1849-61, and ec. of state under Presidents Lincoln and John son in 1861-9. He was the friend and adviser of Pres. Taylor, and dialing, himself by his firm resistance to the extension of slavery. In March, 1850, he made a speech in favor of the admission of California into the Union, in which occurs his famous phrase, " the higher law." He opposed the compromise of 1850, and was denounced as a seditious agitator. His speeches on the repeal of the Mo. Compro mise and the admission of Kansas were widely circulated. He opposed the Native-American party, and was one of the chief founders of the Republican party. In a speech at Rochester in Oct. 1858, he declared that the antagonism between freedom and slavery is " an irrepressi ble conflict" between opposing and enduring forces. In 1856 he labored earnestly and ef fectively in support of Fremont for the presi dency, and was himself a prominent candidate for that honor in the Republican Convention of 1860. He advocated Mr. Lincoln s election in 1860, during an extended tour, in a series of speeches. As sec. of state, he exhibited much ability in relation to foreign policy during the civil war. Among the important subjects of his diplomacy were the liberation of Mason and Slidell, and the French invasion of Mexico in 1862. In the spring of 1865 he was thrown from his carriage, and his arm and jaw were broken. While lying in this crippled state, April 14, 1865, Lewis Payne, alias Powell, an accomplice of J. Wilkes Booth, entered his house, broke the skull of Frederick Seward, and with a knife inflicted several severe wounds on the neck and face of the secretary. Mr. Seward sustained President Johnson s recon struction policy against the nearly unanimous sentiment of the Republican party. Author of a " Life of John Quincy Adams," 1 849. His complete works, includ. selections from corres. and his valuable Notes on New York, speeches, addresses, &c., were pub. in 4 vols. 8vo, N.Y., 1853-62 ; d. Auburn, N.Y., Oct. 10, 1872. Seybert, ADAM, M.D., b. Phila. 1773 ; d. Paris, May 2, 1825. M.C. 1809-15 and 1817- 19. In 1793 he went to Europe, and studied at Lond., Edinb., Paris, and Gottingcn, giving special attention to chemistry and mineralogy. Author of "Inaug. Dissert, on Putrefaction of the Blood," 8vo, 1793; "Statistical Annals of the U.S.," 1789-1819, 4to, 1818; "Experi ments and Observations on Land and Sea Air, and on the Atmosphere of Marshes," in the "Transactions" of the Amer. Philos. Society. Seymour, HORATIO, LL.D. (Y.C. 1847), U.S. senator 1821-33, b. Litchfield, Ct., May 31, 1778; d. Middlebury, Vt., Nov. 21, 1857. Y.C. 1797. Son of Major Moses of Litchfield, a Revol. soldier, and many years a representa tive to the State legisl., who d. Sept. 17, 1856, a. 84. Horatio studied law at the Litchfield Law School, and settled in Middlebury, Vt., in 1799 ; member of the council 1809-17. He re sumed practice in 1833; was the Whig candi date for gov. of Vt, in 1836; and in Oct. 1847 was app. judge of probate. Seymour, HORATIO, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1858), gov. N.Y. 1853-5 and 1863-5, b. Onan- daga Co., N.Y., 1811. Studied law, and prac tised at Utica, but soon gave his whole time to the care of the large estates left by his father SEST 817 anl father-in-law. Strongly attached to the Democ. party, he was in 1841 chosen to the State Assembly; mayor of Utica 1842 ; speaker of the legisl. m 1845. In Jan. 1861 he deliv ered a speech at Albany strongly advocating concessive and conciliatory measures toward the seceding States, which position he main tained in numerous public addresses. Pres. of the Nat. Democ. Convention at Chicago, Aug. 1864; candidate for gov. in Nov. 1864, and defeated ; pres. of the Nat. Democ. Convention in N. Y. 4 July, 1868, and nominated to the presidency of the U.S., but received only 80 electoral votes, and was defeated by Gen. Grant. Seymour, THOMAS HART, soldier and politician, b. Hartford, Ct., 1808 ; d. there 3 Sept. 1S63. Educated at the Middletown Mi lit. Acad. He practised law ; edited the Jef- fersonian, a Democ. newspaper, in 1837 ; was a judge of probate; M.C. 1843-5; served in the Mexican war as maj. 9thRegt. 1847; lieut.- col. 12th Inf. 12 Aug. 1847; com. the 9th Inf. on the fall of CoL Ransom ; brcv. col. for Chapul tepee 13 Sept. 1847; gov. of Ct. 1850- 3 ; mini.-ter to Russia 1853-7. His sympa thies were strongly with the South during the Rebellion. Seymour, TRUMAN, brev. maj. -gen. U.S.A., b. Burlington, Vt., Sept, 24, 1824. West Point, 1846. Entering the 1st Art., he was brev. 1st lieut. and capt. for gallantry at Cerro Gordo, Contreras, and Churubusco ; was in 1850-3 assist, prof, of drawing at West Point ; served in the last Florida war (1856-8) ; became capt. 1st Art. 22 Nov. 1860 ; and under Maj. Ander son served at Fort Sum ter in April, 1861; transferred to the 5th Art., he joined the Army of the Potomac in March, 1862, and was made chief of art. of M Call s division. Brig. -gen. vols. Apr. 28, 1862, he com. the left wing at the battle of Mechanicsville, June 26. In the battles of Manassas, South Mountain, and An- tietam, he led a brigade in Meade s division. Com. division at the assault of Fort Wagner, and severely wounded, 18 July, 1863; com. exped. to Florida, Feb. 1864, and fought the battle of Olustee 20 Feb. 1864; com. a bri gade 6th corps in battle of the Wilderness, and captured 6 May, 1864; com. division 6th corps in Shcnandoah Valley, Oct.-Dec. 1864, and in the Richmond campaign, Dec. 1864 to 16 Apr. 1865. Brev. raaj. for Fort Sumter, lieut.-col. for South Mountain, col. for An tie- tarn, brig.-gen. (13 Mar. 1865) for capture of Petersburg, and maj. -gen. for services during the Rebellion. Maj. 5th Art. 13 Aug. 1866. A.M. of Wms. Coll. 1865. Cutlum. Shaler, GEN. ALEXANDER, major N.Y. 7th Regt. before the Rebellion ; lieut.-col. 65th N.Y. Regt. 11 June, 1861 ; col. 17 July, 1862 ; brig.- gen. vols. 26 May, 1863. Served in Peninsular campaign ; under Pope in Va., and under M Clellan in Md. ; was at Fredericksburg in Dec. 1862 ; com. a brigade, and disting. in storm of Marye s Heights, May, 1863 ; was at Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station (Nov. 8, 1863) ; was taken prisoner at the battle of the Wilderness, in May, 1864, and confined at Charleston, S.C. ; exchanged in Aug. 1864 ; com. 2d div., 7th corps, and post of Duval s Bluff Ark., in Jan. 1865 ; and brev. maj. -gen. 52 27 July, 1865 ; app. maj .-gen. 1st div. national guard, S.N.Y., 23 Jan. 1867. Shaler, WILLIAM, U.S. consul at Hava na ; d. there 29 Mar. 1833, a. 55. A.M. of N. J. Coll. 1828. Formerly consul-gen, at Algiers. He displayed signal abilities in trying circum stances, and was commissioned to* negotiate a treaty with the latter power in 1815. His "Sketches of Algiers," pub. 1826, was very serviceable to the French in their operations against that place. He also pub. in the Philos. Trans, a paper on the Language of the Ber bers in Africa. Shank, DAVID, a British gen., b. Va. ; d. Glasgow, Oct. 16, 1831. App. a lieut. of loyalists under Lord Dunmore in Va. in 1775 ; was at Gwynn s Island and other skirmishes ; was a vol. at the battle of Long Island, Aug. 27, 1776; was app. a lieut. in the Queon s Rangers. March, 1777 ; engaged at Brand v- wine, Sept. 11, 1777, when 14 out of its 21 officers were killed and wounded ; disting. him self at Gcrmantown and Monmouth ; succeeded to a company, Oct. 1778; and was engaged at the battle of Springfield, N. J. In Aug. 1779 he com. a troop of dragoons; afterward com. the cavalry of the Queen s Rangers in Va., with which he sustained a severe action at Spencer s Ordinary; in 1792 he raised a light- inf. corps for Canada, called the Queen s Ran gers ; and corn, the troops in Upper Canada in 1796. He went to Europe in 1799 ; was made col. in 1808, maj.-gen. 1811, and a lieut.-gen. in 1821. Moir/an. Shanly, WALTER, engineer, b. Queen s Co., Ireland. Came to Canada in 1836 ; mem ber Canadian parliament; was prominently engaged in the construction of the Wei land Canal ; was engineer of the Grand Trunk Rail way ; and employed with his bro. Francis since Mar. 1869, under an appropriation of five mil lions, to complete the tunnel through the Hoo- sac Mountain. Shannon, MARY EULALIE FEE, b. Flem- ingsburg, Ky., 9 Feb. 1824; d. Auburn, Gal., 26 Dec. 1855 ; m. 31 Jan. 1854 to John Shan non, editor at Auburn, Cal. Descended, on the mother s side,, from John Carver the Pil grim ; on the father s, from the family to which belonged John Philpot Curran. S he was a contrib. of verses to Arthur s Home Marj. and to Western papers. A vol. of her poems, en titled "Buds, Blossoms, and Leaves," was pub. Gin. 1854. Poets and Poetry of the West. Shannon, WILSON, lawyer and politician, b. Belmont Co., O., Feb. 24, 1802. Athens Coll., 0., and Transylv. U., Ky. Adopted the profession of law, and in 1835 was pros. atty. for O. ; gov. of the State in 1838-40, anil again in 1842-4; was minister to Mexico in 1844; M.C. 1853-5; Terr. gov. of Kansas 1855-July, 1856. He has since practised law at Lawrence, Kansas ; d. Aug. 30, 1877. Sharp, DANIEL, D.D. (B. U. 1828), Bap tist minister, b. Huddersfield, Eng., Dec. 26, 1783 ; d. Md. June 23, 1853. In 1802 he came to America as a commercial agent, and estab lished himself in N.Y. He had previously re ceived a good academic education, and, having studied theology, took charge of a Baptist 813 cong in Newark, N.J., in 1809, but in 1811 removed to Boston, and became pastor of the Baptist Church in Charles Street, in which po sition he continued from April 29, 1812, to June 23, 1853. An active member of the Ms. Missionary Society, one of the editors of the A met: Baptist Atagaxme, a founder of the Northern Baptist Education Society, and of the Newton Theol. Sem. His pub. writings consist entirely of sermons and addresses, of which about 20 are extant. Sharpe, WILLIAM, b. Cecil Co., Md., Dec. 13, 1742 ; d. Iredell Co., N.C., July, 1818. At 21 he moved to Mecklenburg, N.C. ; was a lawyer, and active in the patriot cause. A delegate to the Prov. Congress in 1775-G, and of the Cont. Congress in 1779-82 ; aide-de camp to Gen. Rutherford in the Indian cam paign of 1776 ; and was one of the commiss. who made a treaty with them in 1777. Sharswood, GEORGE, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 185G), jurist, b. Phila. 7 July, 1810. U. of Pa. 1828. Adm. to the Phila. bar 1831 ; app. judge dist. court of Pa. 1845; pres. judge 1851-67 ; app. judge Sup. Court of Pa. 1867; prof, of Law, U. of Pa., 1850-68. Author of a work on professional ethics, 8vo, 1854 and 1869; "Popular Lectures on Coml. Law," 1856; "Lectures In trod, to the Study of the Law," 12mo, 1870; editor of Blackstone s Commentaries, Byles on Bills, Starkie on Evi dence, Russell on Crimes, Leigh s Nisi Prius, Roscoe on Crim. Evidence, and Smith on Con tracts. Sharswood, WILLIAM, Ph. D. (U. of Jena 1859), b. Phila. 1836. U. of Pa. 1856. Author of "Stadia Physica," 2 -parts, 4to ; " Elcnore," a drama, 1862, afterward pub. as " The Betrothed," 8vo, 1865 ; " Misc. Writings of Wrn. Sharswood," 8vo, vol. i. ; " In Memori al!," 1862. Con trio, to scientific journals. Allibone. Shattuck, AARON D., landscape-painter, b. Francestown, N.H., Mar. 9, 1832. At 19 he began to paint portraits in Boston; then stud ied at the Acad., New York ; visited the White Mountains; then opened a studio in New York ; was favorably noticed in the exhibition in 1856 of the Nat. Acad., and in 1861 became an academician. He has painted spirited sea- coast scenes, " Sunset on the Lake," " Autum nal View of Androscoggin Scenery," and a fine " Glimpse of Lake Champlain." 2\tcker- man . Shattuck, GEORGE CHEYNE, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1807), LL.D. (D.C. 1853), physician, b. Templeton, Ms., July 17, 1783; d. Boston, Mar. 18, 1854. Dartm. Coll. 1803. Son of Dr. Benj. (H.U. 1765, b. 11 Nov. 1742, d. 14 Jan. 1794). His practice in Boston was exten sive and lucrative. Pres. of the Ms. Medical Soc., member of that of N. H., and of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. By his will he devised more than $60,000 to charitable ob jects. He contrib. largely to the library of Dartm. Coll., and buift, and furnished with valuable instruments, its observatory. Author of "Structure and Physiol. of the Skin," 1808; " Causes of Biliarv Secretions," 1808; " Yel low-Fever Df Gibraltar in 1828," 8vo, 1839. Shattuck, LEMUEL, historical and statis tical writer, b. Ashby, Ms., Oct. 15, 1793; d Boston, Jan. 17, 1859. As a teacher he re sided at various times in New Ipswich, Troy, Albany, and Detroit, Mich. ; was a merchant in Concord, Ms., from 1823 to 1833, and after wards a bookseller and publisher in Boston. Member of the common council of Boston 1837-41, and was for some years a representa tive to the legisl. In 1844 he was one of the founders, and for five years vice-pres., of the N.E. Historic-Genealogical Society ; and was a member of the Amer. Statistical Assoc., of the Amer. Antiquarian and Ms. Hist. Socie ties. He pub. a " History of Concord, Ms.," 8vo, Boston, 1835; in 1855, "Memorials of the Descendants of William Shattuck ; " " The Census of Boston," 1845 ; "Vital Statistics of Boston," 1841; and "Report on the Sani tary Condition of Ms.," 1850. Shaw, CHARLES, b. Bath, Me., 1782; d. judue of a court at Montgomery, Ala., 1828. II. U. 1805. Author of ""Topog. and Hist. Descript. of Boston from its First Settlement," 1817. He practised law some years in Lincoln Co., Me., before he removed to Ala. He was a good classical scholar and writer. Shaw, HENRY W. (" Josh Billings "), humorist, b. Lanesborough, Berkshire, Ms., 1818. Grandson of Dr. SAMUEL (M.C. from the Rutland-Co, dist., Vt., during the war of 1812), and son of HENRY (M.C.), whose vote in favor of the Mo. Compromise in 1820 terminat ed his political career. His uncle John Savage was chief justice of N.Y. At the age of 15 he went to the West, where he engaged in farming and auctioneering for 25 years ; and afterward settled in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., in the latter vo cation. He never wrote a line for the public until past 45 years of age ; his iirst production, under the name of "Josh Billings," having been written 25 May, 1863. Since then he has pub. 4 vols. of comic sketches, establishing for himself a high reputation for originality, and a deep insight into human nature. His " Allmi- nax " has attained an immense circulation ; and he is also a successful lyceum lecturer. Shaw, JOHN, capt. U.S.N., b. Mt. Mellick, Queen s Co., Ireland, 1773; d. Phila. Sept. 17,1823. The son of an English officer. With only an ordinary education, he with an elder bro. emig. to Amer. in Dec. 1790; settled in Phila.; adopted a seafaring life ; and in 1797 was master of a brig sailing to the W. Indies. App. lieut. U.S.N. Aug. 3, 1798, on the break ing-out of hostilities with France; he became master com. May 22, 1804 ; and capt. Au* 27, 1807. He sailed in "The Montezuma," Capt. Alex. Murray, in Nov. 1798; and in Dec. 1799 took com. of the schooner "Enter prise;" in May, 1800, he took, after a smart action, the French privateer "La Seine," and two weeks later the privateer " La Citovenne ; " in June he captured " L Aigle," a privateer of nearly equal force, after a short contest; and in July " Le Flambeau," a vessel of superior force, after one of the warmest actions of the war. He reached home in Jan. 1801, having in 6 months captured 8 privateers and letters- of- marque, and fought 5 spirited actions, 2 with vessels of superior force. He cruised in the Mediterranean in " The George Wash- 819 SHE ington " in 1801. and in " The John Adams " in 1805 ; in 1814 he com. the squadron block aded in the Thames between N. London and Norwich; in 1816-17 com. the Mediterranean squadron ; and afterward had charge of the navy -yards of Boston and Charleston, S.C. Cooper s Nav. Biog. Shaw, JOHN, M.D., poet, b. Annapolis, Md., May 4, 1 778 ; d. Jan. 10, 1 809, on a voyage from Charleston to the Bahamas. St. John s Coll. 1795. He studied medicine; was app. surgeon in the fleet ordered to Algiers in Dec. 1798 ; and was sec. to Consul Eaton at Tunis. Returning in 1800, he went in 1801 to pursue his studies in Edinb. He sailed with the Earl of Selkirk in 1803 to Canada, where that noble man was founding a settlement on St. John s Island, in Lake St. Clair. In 1805 he returned home, and began practice ; m. in 1807, and re moved to Baltimore. His poems, with a Me moir containing extracts from his foreign cor- resp. and journals, were pub. in 1810. He was a contrib. to the Phila. Port-Folio. Shaw, LEMUEL, LL.D. (H.U. 1831; B.U. 1850), an eminent jurist, b. Barnstable, Jan. 9, 1781; d. Boston, March 30, 1861. H.U. 1800. Son of Rev. Oakes Shaw. He became an usher at the Franklin School, Boston, and assist, editor Boston Gazette ; studied law ; en tered the Suffolk bar in Sept. 1804; was a representative in 1811-16, and again in 1819 ; was a valuable member of the State Const. Conv. in 1820; State senator in 1821-2, 1828, and 1829 ; and was chief justice of the Ms. Sup. Court, Aug. 23, 1830-31 Aug. 1860. He was undoubtedly the profoundest judge since Theophilus Parsons in N.E. His sagacity and penetration were proverbial ; and his influence on the bench was almost unlimited. A mem ber of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, of the Ms. Hist., and the N.E. Historic-Genealogi cal Societies. His reported decisions are found in the last 16 vols. of Pickering s Reports, and in those of Metcalf, Gushing, and Gray, in all ab. 50 vols. Few men have contrib. more to the growth of the law as a progressive science. In 1822 he prepared the charter for the city of Boston. He -pub. "Oration, July 4, 1815;" " Inaug. Address," 1830; Charge to the Grand Jury, Ipswich, 1832 ; Address at the opening of the New Court House, Worcester, 1845 ; charge to the jury in the trial of Prof. J. W. Webster. In 1811 he delivered a dis course before the Boston Humane Society. Shaw, OLIVER, composer and teacher of music at Providence, R.I. ; d. there 31 Dec. 1848, a. 70. Among the best of his pieces are " Mary s Tears," "Nothing True but Heaven," " Arrayed in Clouds," and " Home of My Soul." Moore s Encycl. of Music. Shaw, ROBERT GOULD, a philanthropic merchant of Boston, b. Gouldsborough, Me., June 4, 1776 ; d. Boston, May 3, 1853. Edu cated in the Boston schools ; subsequently filled a situation in the counting-room of his uncle ; and at the age of 21 engaged in business for himself with success, acquiring great wealth, which he liberally dispensed. He bequeathed 1 10,000 to be set apart at interest by his execu tors until it should amount to $400.000. This sum is to be decimated the " Shaw Fund," and is designed to sustain an institute or asy lum for mariners children. He also bequeathed $10,000 for the purchase of a site for the insti tution. Shaw, COL. ROBERT GOULD, grandson of the preceding, b. Boston, Oct. 10, 1837 ; killed in the assault on Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863. H. U. 1860. He was a private in the N. Y. 7th Regt. in April, 1861 ; 2d lieut. Ms. 2d, May 28, 1861 ; capt. Aug. 10, 1862; and com. the first regt. of colored soldiers from a free State ever mustered into the U.S. service. Col. 54th Ms. Apr. 17, 1863. Harv. Memorial Biogs. Shaw, MAJ. SAMUEL, A.A.S., soldier and merchant, b. Boston, Oct. 2, 1754 ; d. May 30, 1794, on the voyage from Canton to Boston. Educated by Master Lovell, and in the counting- house of his father Francis Shaw. Commiss. Jan. 1, 1776, a lieut. of art.; he served from Dorchester Heights to Yorktown ; and at the peace was a major of art., and aide-de-camp to Gen. Knox. He went to Canton in Feb. 1784 as supercargo; on his return in May, 1785, Gen. Knox gave him the post of first sec. of the war clept. ; in Feb. 1786 he was app. U.S. consul at Canton, and made several voyages between Canton and N. York. His Journals, with a Memoir by Josiah Quincy, were pub. 8vo, 1847. Shays, DANIEL, leader of the Shays Re bellion in 1 786-7 in Ms., b. Hopkinton, 1 747 ; d. Sparta, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1825. He was an ensign in Woodbridge s regiment at the bat tle of Bunker s Hill, and attained the rank of captain in the Revol. army. Shays, though not prominent in the commencement of the in surrection, was chosen leader of the insurgents. They complained that the governor s salary was too high, the senate aristocratic, the lawyers extortionate, and taxes too burdensome to bear; and they demanded an issue of paper- money, and the removal of the Gen. Court to Boston. Bodies of armed men interrupted the sessions of the courts in a number of counties ; and in Dec. 1786, Shays, with a large force, pre vented the holding of courts at Worcester and Springfield; in Jan. 1787 he marched with ab. 2,000 men to capture the arsenal at Spring field ; but, being fired upon by the militia under Gen. Shepherd, the insurgents fled, the leaders making their way to N.H. Shays remained in Vt. about a year, and, at his petition, was after ward pardoned, and removed to Sparta, N.Y. He was allowed a pension for services in the Revol. war. Minot s Hist, of the Ins. in Ms. Shea (sha), JOHN AUGUSTUS, b. Cork, Ire land, 1802; d. New York, Aug. 15, 1845. Emig. to the U.S. in 1827, and was editor and contrib. to mags, and newspapers in N.Y., Phila., and Georgetown, D.C. Author of " Rudekki," a romance in verse, 1826 ; " Adolph, and Other Poems," 1831 ; " Parnas sian Wild-Flowers," 1836; " Clontarf," 1843, "Poems," 1846, 12mo, posthumous, pub. by his son George Aug. Shea. Allibone. Shea, JOHN GILMARY, LL.D., author, b. N.Y. City, July 22, 1824. Educated to the law, and adm. to the bar ; he has, however, de voted himself chiefly to historical studies. He edited 7 vols. of the Hist. Mag. (1859-65) ; ed. and pub. from early MSS. the Cramoisy se- SHE 820 SHE ries of " Memoirs and Relations concerning the French Colonies in N.A.," 20 vols. 1857- 62 ; and " The Library of American Linguist ics," a series of grammars and dictionaries of American languages, of which 13 vols. have been pub. Author of " The Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley," 8vo, 18534 " Hist, of the Catholic Missions among the Indian Tribes of the U.S.," 1854; "Perils of the Ocean and Wilderness," 1857; "Early Voyages up and down the Mpi.," 1862 ; " The Fallen Brave," biographies of officers who have fallen in the war for the Union ; "The Catholic Church in the U.S.," 1856; "The Catholic Authors of Amer.," 8vo, 1858; "Life of St. Angela Merici of Brescia," 16mo, 1857; "Le gendary Hist, of Ireland," 1857. A scries of bi ographies of Catholic missionaries killed on the Indian missions in the U.S., which app. in the Catholic Maq., were coll., revised, and pub. in Germany. He has edited Washington s Private Diaries," 1861; Miller s N.Y. in 1695; Novum Belgium, 1862 ; " Operations of the French Fleet under De Grasse in 1781-2," 1864 ; " The Lin coln Memorial," 1864, &c. ; the Catholic Alma nac ; Frank Leslie s periodicals. Of his trans lation with notes of Charlevoix s " Hist, of New France" (6 vols.), 5 vols. (1866-71) have app. Sheaffe, SIR ROGER HALE, a gen. in the British army, b. Boston, 15 July, 1763; d. Edinburgh, 17 July, 1851. Son of Wm. (dep. compt. of customs at Boston), who d. 1772, and Susannah (dau. of Thos. Child), who d. Aug. 1810. Earl Percy, whose quarters were at his mother s house in Boston, procured for him a military education, and a commiss. in the 5th Foot in May, 1778. He became a lieut.-col. in 1798; served in Holland in 1799 ; in the ex- ped. to the Baltic in 1801 ; maj.-gen. 4 June, 181 1 ; served in Canada in 1812-13 ; com. the British forces after the fall of Gen. Brock at Queenstown, where he defeated the American troops -who had crossed the Niagara, and for this service was made a bart. 16 Jan. 1813. Defended York (now Toronto) when attacked in Apr. 1813. Full gen. 28 June, 1838. Shedd, WILLIAM GREENOUOH THATER, D. D., clergyman, b. Acton, Ms., June 21, 1820. Vt. U. 1839; And. Theol. Sem. 1843. He became pastor of the Cong, church in Bran don, Vr., in 1844; prof, of Eng. lit. in the U. of Vt. in 1845; of sacred rhetoric in Aub. Thcol. Sem. in 1852; and in 1854 prof, of church history at Andover. In 1862 he was in stalled assist, pastor of the Presb. ("Brick") church in N.Y. ; in 1863 prof, of biblical litera ture Union Theol. Sem., N.Y. City. He has edited and pub. a translation of Theremin s " Rhetoric," N.Y. 1850, 2d edit., with in trod, essay, 1859; Coleridge s wo rks, with introd. essay, 7 vols., N.Y. 1853 ; " Discourses and Es says," 1856; " Lectures on the Philosophy of Hist.," 1856 ; transl. of Guericke s " Church Hist.," 2 vols. 1857-63 ; Augustine s " Confes sions," with introd. essay, 1860; " History of Christian Doctrine," 2 vols. 8vo, 1863 ; " Trea tise on Homiletics," 8vo, 1867; "Orthodox Cong, and the Christ. Sects," 1871 ; and con- trib. to various theol. reviews. Shelby, ISAAC, soldier and statesman, b. near ilagerstown, Md., 11 Dec. 1750; d. Lin coln Co., Ky., 18 July, 1826. Of Welsh ex- traction. Son of Gen". Evan Shelby. He re- ceived an ordinary Kng. education, and became a surveyor in Western Va. In 1774 he was a lieut. in his father s company at the battle with the Indians at Pt. Pleasant, Va. ; capt. in 1776 ; app. commissary in 1777 ; member of the lo- gisl. of Va. in 1779, and commiss. a major by Gov. Jefferson; col. in 1780; and at Cedar Spring, in conjunction with Sevier and Clarke, inflicted severe loss on Maj. Ferguson, the dar ing British partisan, whom he defeated in the battle at King s Mountain, 7 Oct. 1780. The force he com. here consisted of undisciplined riflemen ; and to Shelby belongs the merit of originating this important exped., which exer cised such a powerful influence upon the result of the war in the South. He was in the action of Musgrove s Mills; served in the campaign of 1781 under Marion; was in the skirmish at Monk s Corner, and subsequently joined Greene with 500 mounted vols. Member of the legisi. of N.C. 1781-2, and received from that body a vote of thanks and a sword. In 1788 he "m and settled at " Travellers Rest," Lincoln Co., Ky. After the separation of Ky. from Va._ and the formation of a constitution for the for mer State by a convention of which he was a member, he was gov. in 1792-6, and again in 1812-16. In 1813, at the head of 4,000 men, he joined Gen. Harrison, whom he aided in the victory of the Thames. For his bravery at that battle, Congress honored him with a gold medal. App. sec. of war by Monroe in 1817, he declined on account of his age. In 1818 he acted as a commiss. in conjunction with Gen. Jackson in forming a treaty with the Chicka- saw Indians. A county in Ky., and a coll. at Shelbyville, perpetuate his name. His son Gen. JAMES, a maj. in the campaign of 1813, b. 1784, d. Sept. 1848. Sheldon, DAVID NEWTON, D.D. (B.U. 1847), clergyman, b. Suffield, Ct., June 2fi, 1807. Wnis. Coll. 1830. Newton Theol. Sem. Baptist missionary to France in L835-9, chiefly in Paris and vicinity. He returned home, and was for 2 years pastor of a Baptist church in Halifax, N. S. In the spring of 1842 he became pastor at Waterville, Me. ; and from 1843 to 1853 was pros, of Waterville Coll. Pastor of the Elrn-st. ("Baptist) Church, Bath, till 1856, when he was excommunicated from it on a charge of heresy ; and in Sept. 1857 he- came pastor of the Sumrner-st. (Unitarian) Church, Bath; and since 1862 pastor at Wa terville, Me. Many years a contrib. to the Christian Revieiv ; has pub. occasional sermons, and, since his change in theol. views, " Sin and Redemption," a vol. of discourses, N.Y. 1856. Shellabarger, SAMUEL, M.C. 1 861-3 and 1865-71, b. Clark Co., O., 10 Doc. 1817. Miami U., O., 1841. Lawyer, member Ohio legisi. 1852-3, and a prominent Republican. Shelton, FREDERIC WILLIAM, LL. D., author, b. Jamaica, L. I., N. Y., 1814. N. J. Coll. 1834. Ord. to the Epis. ministry in 1847, he has been successively settled at Hunt ing-ton, L.I., at Fishkill on the Hudson, and at Montpclier, Vt., whither he went in 1854. He has pub. " The Trollopiad, or Travelling Gentleman in America," N.Y., 1837, a satire SHE 821 SHE " Salander and theDragon," a romance, 1851 ; " Chrystalline, or the Heiress of Fall -down Castle," 1854; " The Rector of St Bardolph s, or Superannuated," 1853; "Up the River," 1853, a series of rural sketches, originally con- trib., like many of his writings, to the Knicker bocker May. ; and " Peeps from the Belfry, or the Parish Sketch-Book," 1855. He has also pub. two lectures on " The Gold-Mania," and " The Use and Abuse of Reason." Shepard. CHARLES UPHAM, M.D., LL.D., physicist, b. Little Compton, R. I., June 29, 1804. Amh. Coll. 1824. He received at Cam bridge a year s instruction of Thomas Nuttall, and, after giving private lessons in botany and mineralogy for some months in Boston, was for 2 years an assist, in the laboratory of Prof. Silliman at Y.C. He then took charge for one year of an institution at New Haven for furnish ing the citizens with popular lectures on science. In 1832-3, under a commission from the U.S. govt., he investigated the culture and manuf. of sugar in the Southern States, the results of which are embodied in Prof. Silliman s report to the sec. of the treasury in 1833. Lecturer on nat. history in Y. Coll. in 1830-47 ; prof, of chemistry in the Charleston Med. College, S.C., in 1854-61; in 1835 he was app. associ ate of Dr. Percival in the State geol. survey of Ct. ; prof, of chemistry and natural history in Amh. Coll. in 1845-52. In the investigation of minerals and meteorites Prof. S. has ex plored the greater part of N. Amer., and has 7 times visited Europe. His collection of min erals and meteorites at Amh. Coll. is the best in the U.S., and is only surpassed by those of the British Museum and the Imperial Cabinet of Vienna. Besides scientific papers in period icals, addresses, pamphlets, &c., he pub. in 1832 his " Treatise on Mineralogy," of which a 3d ed., greatly enlarged, appeared in 1855 ; and in 1837 a Report on the Geology of Ct. Appleton. Shepard, SAMUEL, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1819), Cong, pastor of Lenox, Ms., from 30 April, 1795, to his d. 5 Jan. 1846, b. Chatham (now Portland), Ct., Nov. 19, 1772. Y.C. 1793. He was in 183446 vice-pres., and many years one of the trustees, of Wms. Coll. His pulpit- oratory was of a high order, and he pub. some occasional sermons. Shepard, THOMAS, clergyman and author, b. Towcester, England, Nov. 5, 1605 ; d. Cam bridge, Ms., Aug. 25, 1649. Educated at Eman. Coll., Camb. On obtaining his degree of A.M. in 1627, he became a preacher at Earls Coin, Essex, remaining until silenced for nonconformity in 1630. After passing some time " with the kind family of the Harla- kendens," he removed to Buttercrambe, near York, where he resided in the family of Sir Richard Darby, whose dau. he in., and preached in the vicinity until again silenced. After a similar result at Heddon, Northumberland, he resolved to emigrate to N. England. He sailed from Gravesend with Messrs. Wilson and Jones in " The Defence," which landed them eafely at Boston, Oct. 3, 1635. Succeeding Messrs. Hooker and Stone as minister of Cam bridge, Feb. 1, 1636, he remained there till his death. He was active in founding Harv. Coll., and was one of its most efficient patrons. Its location at Cambridge was du to him. He pub. "Theses Sabbatica3," "The Matter of the Visible Church," " The Church-Member ship of Little Children," a letter entitled " New England s Lamentation for Old Eng land s Errours," several sermons, " The Sincere Convert," "The Sound Believer," and "The Parable of the Ten Virgins Opened," pub. after his death in a folio volume. The two latter, with his " Meditations and Spiritual Experi ence," and a treatise on Evangelical Conver sion, have been lately reprinted in Eng. in a popular form. Shepard s Autobiog. was first printed in 1832 for the Shepard Cong. Society at Cambridge. It also appears in Young s " Chronicles." His works were pub. Boston, 1853, 3 vols. 8vo. A MS. vol. by him is iu the library of the N. E. Historic-Geneal. Soc., Boston. Shepard, GEN. WILLIAM, b. Dec. 1, 1737; d. Westfield, Ms., Nov. 11, 1817. He served six years in the Provincial army (1757-63) ; was a captain under Amherst, and was in the battles at Fort Wm. Henry and Crown Point. Entering the Revol. army as lieut.-col. in Col. T. Danielson s regt., he was transferred to Col. Learned s regt.; was in 1777 app. col. of the 4th Ms. Regt., and continued in the service with the reputation of a brave and efficient officer till 1783, participating in 22 engage ments. Summoned from his farm by the Shays Insurrection in 1786, at which time he was a brig.-gen. of militia, he prevented the in surgents from capturing the arsenal at Spring field. Member of the exec, council in 1788-90, and held other public trusts. He was a major- gen, of militia, and M.C. in 1797-1803. Like many of his brave companions in arms, he was in his old age poor and destitute, an obitu ary notice speaking of his equanimity under " Belisarian " sufferings. Shepherd, NATHANIEL G., poet and ar tist, b. New York, 1835; d. there May 23, 1869. He studied in his native city ; taught writing and drawing in Ga. several years, and, on his return to New York, engaged in the ins. business, devoting his leisure to studv and to poetry. As a war corresp. for the Tribune, he visited Va. and the vicinity of Fort Sumter, returning in the fall of 1863. " The Dead Drummer-Boy," which appeared in Harper *> Magazine, was one of the finest poems of the war. He wrote successfully for the periodicals and illustrated papers of the day. Shepherd, OLIVER LATHROP, brev. brii;.- gen. U.S.A., b. N. Y. West Point, 1840. Entering the 3d Inf., he became 1st Heat. 3 Nov. 1845 ; capt. 1 Dec. 1847 ; lieut.-col. (18th Inf.) 14 May, 1861; col. (15th) 21 Jan. 1863. He served in the Florida Avar 1841-2 ; in the Mexican war in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma ; was brev. capt. 20 Aug. 1847 (for Contreras and Churubusco); and major 13 Sept. 1847 (for Chapultepec) ; was engaged against the Apache Indians in Mar. 1856; in the Gila exped. 1857; was engaged in the Tenn. and Mpi. campaign, Dec. 1861- June, 1862 ; and in the siege of Corinth, rout of Confed. camp, 17 May; pursuit of Confeds. to Baldwin, Mpi., May 30-31; in Buell s cam- 822 SHE paign in Ivy. July-Sept. 1862; in Gen. Rosc- cranz s Tenn. campaign, com. a brigade of regulars in battle of Stone River 31 Dec. 1862, for which brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; brev. col. 17 May, 1862, for siege of Corinth, Mpi. ; retired July 15, 1870. Cull am. Shepley, ETHER, LL.D. (B.C. 1845), judge and senator, b. Groton, Ms., Nov. 2, 1789. Dartm. Coll. 1811. He commenced the practice of law in Saco, but subsequently set tled in Portland ; was in the Ms. legisl. in 1819 ; H member of the Me. Const. Conv. in 1820; was in 1821-33 U.S. any. for Me. ; was U.S. sena tor in 1 833-6; Sept. 23, 1836, he was chosen a justice of the Supreme Court of Me. ; and Oct. 20, 1848, chief justice, which position he held until 1855. While on the bench, he furnished material for 26 vols. of Reports, and, as sole commissioner, was app. to revise the statutes of Me., pub. 1857 ; d. Portland, Me., Jan. 15/77. Shepley, GEORGE FOSTER, son of the pre ceding, b. Saco, Me., Jan. 1, 1819. Dartm. Coll. 1837. He studied at the Harvard Law School and at Portland ; began to practise law at Ban- gor in 1840; removed to Portland, and, under Pres. Polk, was app. U. S. dist.-atty., which post he held till 1861. When civil war broke out, he became col. 12th Me. Vols., and, taking part in Gen. Butler s exped., acted as com. of a brigade. On the surrender of N. Orleans, he was made commandant of the city, and July 18, 1862, brig.-gen., and military gov. of La. from June 2, 1862, to 1864; milit. gov. of Rich mond, Va., on its surrender 3 Apr. 1865. Re signed July 1, 1865, and resumed practice in Portland. Now (1871) U.S. circ. judge 1st circuit. Sheppard, JOHN H., b. Cirencester, Eng., Mar. 17, 1789. H.U. 1808. His parents came to America in 1793, and settled at Hallowell, Me. Adm. to the Me. bar in 1810 ; settled in Wiscasset ; was register of probate for Lincoln Co. 1817-34; removed to Boston 1842; libra rian N. E. H. G. Soc. 1861-9. Author of a " Life of Com. Tucker of the Revol. Navy," 12mo, 1868 ; of contribs. to the N.E.H.G. Re gister ; of several Masonic addresses ; " Vindi cation of Masonry," 1831 ; an elegy on Benj. Vaughan, LL.D.; and of occasional and other fugitive poems; d. Boston, June 25, 1873. Sherbrooke, SIR JOHN COAPE, a British gen.; d. Feb. 14, 1830, at Calverton, Notts. App. a captain in 1783; lieut.-col. 1794; col. 1798; lieut.-gen. 1811 ; col. of the 33d, 1818; full gen. May, 1825. He disting. himself in the taking of Seringapatam in 1797. In 1809 he was app. to the staff of the army in the Penin sula; and at the battle of Talavera was second in command. For his conduct in that situation he was app. soon afterwards lieut.-gov. of Nova Scotia ; and from there he was removed, in the beginning of 1816, to the govt. of Lower Canada. He returned to England in Aug. 1818. Sherburne, ANDREW, a pensioner of the Revol. navy, afterwards a Baptist minister, b. Rye, N. II.* Sept. 30, 1765 ; d. Augusta, Oneida Co., N.Y., after March, 1831. Author of an Autobiography, pub. in 1828; 2d cd. Provi dence, 1831, 12mo. Sherburne, COL. HENRY, Revol. officer, d. collector of Newport, 1824. N. J. Coll. 1759. Maj. in Varnum s regt., and taken pris oner at the " Cedars;" afterwards a col. in the army; commiss. to settle the accounts of R.I. with the U.S. ; representative of Newport ic the R.I. Assembly, and treas. of R.I. 1792-1818, Sherburne, COL. JOHN HENRY, register of the navy dept. Washington, D.C., 1825, b. Portsmouth, N.H. Son of Judge John Sam uel. Author of " Life of Paul Jones," 8vo, 1825; " Tourist s Guide in Europe," 8vo, 1 847 ; " Sup pressed History of the Administration of John Adams, 1797-1801," 1846; " Osceola," a tra gedy ; " Naval Sketches ; " " Erratic Poems ; " "Etiquette." Sherburne, JOHN SAMUEL, judge, b. Portsmouth, N.H., 1757; d. 2 Aug. 1830. Dartm. Coll. 1776. He attended the H. Cull. Law School. Served as aide to Gen. Whipple in the Revol. war, and lost his left leg bv a can non-shot at the battle of Butt s Hill, R.I., 29 Aug. 1778. Judge N.H. Sup. Ct. ; M.C. 1793- 7; U.S. dist.-atty. 1801-4; judge U.S. Dist. Ct. 1804-30. Sheridan, PHILIP HENRY, lieut.-gen. U.S. A., b. Somerset, Perry Co., O., Mar. 6, 1831. West Point, 1853. Entering the 1st Inf., he served in Texas until in 1855 he joined the 4th Inf., with which he served in Oregon, receiving special mention for gallantry in action with the Indians at the Cascades of the Columbia, Apr. 28, 1856, and for meritorious conduct in the settlement of the difficulty with the Coquillo Indians on Yakima Bay. Capt. 13th Inf. May 14, 1861 ; pres. of the milit. commiss. to audit claims in Mo. during the summer of 1S61 ; Dec. 24, 1861, made quartermaster and chief commissary of the Army of the South-west ; tak ing the same duties on the staff of Gen. Halleck at Corinth, May 10, 1862. App. col. 2d Mich. Cav. May 25, he took part in the successful exped. to destroy the Mobile and O. Railroad at Booneville, Mpi. ; defeated Forrest s cavalrv, June 6; took com. of the 2d brig, of cavalry, with which he repulsed and defeated a superior Confed. force under Chalmers at Booneville, July 1, the date of his commission of brig.-gen. In Aug. he defeated Faulkner s Cav. near Rien- zi, Mpi. ; Sept. 20 he took com. of the 3d div. of the Army of the Ohio; and Oct. 1 he was transferred to the lltli division, which he led at Perry ville. In the advance to Murfreesborough, Dec. 26, he led a division under Gen. M Cook, and contributed greatly to the successful issue of the battle of Stone River; maj.-gen. vols. Dec. 31, 1862. He rendered signal service at the battles of Mission. Ridge and Chickamauga ; was transf. to the Army of the Potomac as chief of cav. 4 Apr. 1864; routed the Confed. cav. in several engagements; Aug. 1, 1864, was detached to the Shenandoah Valley; defeated Early at Winchester Sept. 19, Fisher s Hill Sept. 22, and at Cedar Creek Oct. 19, where he turned disaster into victory ; and finally, in co-operation with Gen. Grant, compelled Lee s surrender at Appomattox C.H., after gaining the decisive victory of Five Forks, Apr. 1, 1865, and capturing ab. 6,000 men at Sailor s Creek, April 6. After the war he performed valuable service in Texas and La., enforcing the recon struction acts, for which he was removed b* SHE 823 SHE Pros. Johnson in Aug. 1867. Brig.-gen. U.S.A. 20 Sept, 1864; maj.-gen. 8 Nov. 1864; lieut.- gen. Mar. 4, 1869. Sherman, CHARLES R., jurist, 1). Norwalk, Ct, 26 Sept. 1788; d. Lebanon, 0., 24 June, 1 829. Son of Taylor Sherman, well known in the political and civil annals of Ct. Charles R. settled in Fairfield Co., 0., in 1810, in the practice of the law. He was eminently suc cessful at the bar, and soon had a wide-spread reputation and practice. He held the office of revenue collector for Fairfleld Co., but became poor through the frauds of his deputies. Judge of the Sup. Court of Ohio from 1^25 to his d. Judge Sherman left three sons, Win. Tecum- seh, now gen.-in-chief U.S.A. ; John, now U.S. senator from 0. ; Charles T., now U.S. dist. judge Northern Dist. of Ohio. Sherman, JOHN, minister of Watcrtown, Ms., from 1647 to his d. Aug. 8, 1685, b. Dcd- ham, Eng., 26 Dec. 1613. A.M. of Camb. U., Eng., 1633. His Puritanism took him to N. Eng. in 1634. He preached some time in Ct., and was chosen a magistrate of that Colony 27 May, 1641. He was a disting. divine, an emi- nL iit mathematician, and pub. a number of alma nacs enriched with pious reflections. He was a fellow of H.U., and delivered lectures there. Sherman, JOHN, grandson of Roger, b. N. Haven, Ct., 1772; d. Aug. 2, 1828, at the " Rural Resort," Trenton Falls, N.Y., built by him in 1822. Y.C. 1792. Pastor of the First Church, Mansfield, Ct., Nov. 1797-Oct. 1805, and of the Unitarian church, Trenton Falls, for a short time from Mar. 9, 1806. Author of " One God in One Person Only," &c., 8vo, 1805, the first formal and elaborate defence of Unitarianism that appeared in N.E. ; "A View of Ecclcs. Proceedings in Windham Co.," 1806; "Philosophy of Language Illus trated," 1826; "Description of Trenton Falls, N. Y.," 1827. Sprague. Sherman, JOHN, statesman, son of Chas. R., and bro. of Gen. Wm. T., b. Lancaster, O., May 10, 1823. Adm. to the bar in 1844 ; dele gate to the Whig convs. of 1844 and 48 ; M.C. 1855-61 ; U.S. senator since 1861. A leading member of the finance committee through the civil war, and for some time its chairman. Sherman and Thad. Stevens were the authors of the bill enacted in 1866-7 for the recon struction of the seceded States. Sherman, ROGER, signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Newton, Ms., Apr. 19, 1721 ; d. New Haven, Ct., July 23, 1793. He was a shoe maker till after he was 22 years old, and after his father s death in 1741 supported his mother and several younger children, devoting all his lt is.ure to study, especially of mathematics. In 1743 he went to N. Milford, Ct., and soon after ward joined an elder bro. in keeping a small store; in 1745 he was app. county surveyor of lands, and for several years from 1748 fur nished the astronomical "calculations for an al manac pub. in N.Y. Having studied law, he was adm. to the bar in 1754 ; was several times elected to the Assembly; and in 1759 was app. judge of the C.C.P. He removed to N. Haven in 1761 ; became judge of C.C.P. there in 1765 ; an assist, in 1766, holding the latter office 19 years, and the judgcship till 1789, a portion of the time on the bench of the Superior Court in 1774 he was app. a member of Congress, a post in which he continued till his death, at which time he held a scat in the U.S. senate; he was also a member of the council of safety, and, from 1784 till his death, mayor of New Haven; and he was many years treas. of Y.C. In the Congress of 1776 he was one of the com. app. to draught the Decl. of Indep. ; and dur ing the war he served on many important com mittees, and was successively a member of the board of war and ordnance, and of the board of treasury. In 1783 he was associated with an other judge in codifying the laws of Ct. He had been one of the com. which framed the old Articles of Confederation, and was one of the most efficient members of the Const. Conv. of 1787, and was chiefly instrumental in securing the ratification of the Constitution by the State Conv. of Ct. His services to the country were invaluable. He was a man of great common sense, and, according to Jefferson, " never said a foolish thing in his life." Sherman, ROGER MINOT, LL.D. (Y.C. 1829), jurist, b. Woburn, Ms., May 22, 1773; d. Fairfield, Ct., Dec. 30, 1844. Y.C. 1792; tutor there in 1795. A nephew of the preced ing. Adm. to the bar in 1796, and opened an office in Fairfield, where he passed the rest of his life, soon obtaining an honorable and lu crative practice. Member of the Gen. Assem bly in 1798 ; of the State senate in 1814-18 ; a delegate in 1814 to the Hartford Convention ; judge of the Superior Court and the Supreme Court of Errors, May, 1840-2. Sherman, THOMAS W., brev. major-gen. U.S.A., b. Newport, R.I., 26 Mar. 1813. West Point, 1836. Entering 3d Art., he became 1st lieut. Mar. 14, 1838; capt. May 28, 1846; brcv. major for gallantry at Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 1847 ; liout.-col. 5th Art. May 14, 1861 ; brig.- gen. vols. May 17, 1861 ; col. 3d Art. June 1, 1863; retired maj.-gen. 31 Dec. 1870. He com. a division in the battle of Bull Run, and the land-forces of the Port-Royal exped. 1861- 2, landing at Hilton Head Nov. 7, 1761 ; in Mar, 1862 he was superseded by Gen. Hunter, after which he was ordered to the army under Gen. Hallcck before Corinth. He com. a div. above N. Orleans Sept. 1862-May, 1863 ; com. 2d div. 19th corps in siege of Port Hitdson, and lost a leg in the assault of the works there 27 May, 1863; brev. brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for capture of Port Hudson and for merit, services in the war. N. E. PI. G. Reg., xxiv. 163. Sherman, WILLIAM TECUMSEH, LL.D., gen. U.S.A., b. Mansfield, O., 8 Feb. 1820. West Point, 1840. Son of Jud^e Charles R., a descendant of Samuel, who came from Essex Co., Eng., in 1634, and settled in Ct., and brother of Senator John Sherman. His mother was Mary Hoyt. His father dying in 1829, he was adopted by Thomas Ewing, M.C., whose dan. Ellen he in. in May, 1850. Enter ing the 3d Art., he served in Fla. ; became 1st lieut. in Nov. 1841 ; was made commissary (rank of capt.) 27 Sept. 1850; resigned 6 Sept. 1853; became a broker in San Francisco; afterward practised law in Leavenworth, Ks. ; and in 1860 became supt. of a new military SJiE 824 acad- founded by the State of La., resigning when the secession ordinance was passed in Jan. 1861. App. col. 13th U.S. Inf. May 14, he com. a brigade at the battle of Bull Run, July 21 ; was made brig.-gen. of vols. from May 17, and succeeded Gen. Anderson in com. of the dept. of Ky. Oct. 8, 1861. When asked by the sec. of war how many men he should re quire, he replied, " 60,000 to drive the enemy from Ky., and 200,000 to finish the war in this section." His estimate was considered as wildly extravagant ; and he was reported insane, and relieved from the com. Feb. 14, 1862, he took com. of the 5th division of Gen. Grant s Army of the Tenn. His services at Shiloh, Apr. 6-7, were thus acknowledged by Grant : " On the first day he held with raw troops the key-point of the landing. . . . To his individual efforts I am indebted for the success of that battle." He was wounded in the hand, and had three horses shot under him. Made maj.-gen. 1 May, and was prominent in the siege of Corinth. He com. at Memphis from July to Nov. 1862. In the Vicksburg campaign, which began in Dec., he com. the first division, and attempted, un successfully (Dec. 27), to capture that place from the north side. He rendered important services in several battles preceding the siege, and com. one of the 3 corps which made an unsuccessful assault on the works, May 22. After the surrender of Vicksburg, 4 July, 1863, Sherman marched against Gen. Johnston, and occupied Jackson, from which the enemy were driven July 17. App. com. of the dept. of the enn. in Oct. 1863, he joined Grant at Chat- Ten n. tanooga ab. Nov. 15; he occupied Mission. Ridge on the 24th ; rendered valuable services at the battle of Chattanooga, Nov. 25 ; and im mediately moved to the relief of Burnside, who was besieged at Knoxville. The enemy raised the siege, and fled on his approach. Arriving at Memphis in Jan. 1864, he marched from Vicksburg eastward, destroying the railroads ; and, ab. Feb. 14, entered Meridian, destroying depots, arsenals, &c. App. in March, 1864, to com. the military division of the Mpi. ; May 6, 1864, he moved from Chattanooga with the armies of the Cumberland, Tenn., and Ohio, numbering 98,797 men, with 254 cannon. Turning Johnston s position, the latter fell back to Resaca, whence, after a severe battle (May 15), he retreated to Alatoona. Sherman again turned his flank by moving to Dallas ; fought him at Dallas and New-Hope Church about May 28, driving him upon the strong positions of Kenesaw, Pine, and Lost Mountains; June 27, he attacked the works at Kenesaw, but was repulsed with severe loss. Another flank move ment caused Johnston s withdrawal across the Chattahoochee, July 3 ; and, July 17, he drove the enemy to Atlanta. Gen. Hood, having superseded Johnston, attacked Sherman 22 July, and was repulsed wirh great loss. Ab. Aug. 28 he gained victories at Jonesborough and Lovejoy s, forcing Hood to evacuate At lanta Sept. 1. Hood then invaded Middle Tenn., opening the way for Sherman to inarch through Ga. to the sea. Abandoning his com munications with Chattanooga, and leaving Atlanta in ruins, Sherman began his famous march, Nov. 16, with 66,000 men, moving in three columns ; passed between Macon and Augusta, destroying railroads and other public property ; and arrived at the outworks of Sa vannah, Dec. 10. His loss in this inarch was 63 killed and 245 wounded. He occupied Sa vannah Dec. 21 ; marched north-west Jan. 15, 1865 ; took Columbia, S.C., Feb. 17, compel ling the enemy to evacuate Charleston ; and moved by way of Cheraw and Fayetteviile towards Goldsborough, N.C. He defeated the enemy at Averysborough, Mar. 16, and at Bentonville on the 18th ; entered Goldsiborough Mar. 23, and formed a junction with the army of Gen. Sehofield. Apr. 17 he agreed with Gen. Johnston on a memorandum or basis of peace, which was disapproved by the pros, and cabinet. Apr. 26 Johnston surrendered at Durham Station, N.C., on the same terms a.s were granted to Lee ; and the war ended. Made, brig.-gen. U.S.A. 4 July, 1863; maj.-gen. 12 Aug. 1864 ; lieut.-gen. 25 July, 1866 ; gen.-iii- chief of the army 4 Mar. 1869. See Slier man and his Campaigns, Bowman and Irwin, 1865, Reid s Ohio in the War, 1868. Sherwin, THOMAS, LL.D., instructor, !>. Westmoreland, N.H., Mar. 26, 1799; d. Bos ton, July 23, 1869. H.U. 1825. In his boy hood he worked on a farm in Temple, N.ll. In 1825-6 he taught the acad. at Lexington, Ms. ; was tutor in mathematics at H.U. in 1826-7 ; was engaged some months in engineer ing and surveying ; taught a private school for boys in Boston one year, when he became sub- master of the English High School, Boston, and from 1838 till his death had charge of the institution, "the model school of the U.S." He was one of the originators of the Amer. Inst. of Instruction in 1830, and its pros, in 1853-4, as well as of the Ms. State Teachers Assoc. in 1845, of which he was the third pres. He was one of the editors of the Ms. Tearher, and pub. " Elements of Algebra," and " Com mon-school Algebra." lie was active in estab lishing the Ms. Inst. of Technology; member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. His son THOMAS, lieut.-col. of the22d Ms. Regt.in the late civil war, was afterward brev. brig.- gen. See N. E. Historic- Genealogical Reg. xxiv. Shew, JOEL, M.D., hydropathist, b. Provi dence, Saratoga, N.Y., Nov. 13, 1816; d. Oyster Bay, N".Y., Oct. 6, 1855. Ab. 1841 he commenced the study of medicine, and, soon after obtaining his degree, visited the water- cure establishment of Priessnitz in Germany; adopted his views, and on his return com menced the practice of hydropathy. Besides superintending a large establishment, visiting numerous patients, and contribut ; ng to the Water-Cure Journal (which he established) and other hydropathic periodicals, he pub. " Hy dropathy, or Water Cure," 1848; " Water-Cure Manual," 1856; " Management of Children," 1852 ; " Midwifery, and Diseases of Women," 1852 ; " Hydropathic Family Physician/ 1854 ; " Tobacco, its History, Nature, and Effects," fec. ; " Curiosities of Common Water; " " Con sumption, its Prevention and Cure ; " " Chol era, &c., treated by Water." Shields, CHARLES WOODRUFF, D.D., b. N. Albany, Ind., 1825. N. J. Coll. 1844; Princct. SKI 825 SHI Thcol. Scm. Some years pastor 2d Presb. Church, Phila., and since Dec. 1865 prof, of the relations of science to religion in N. J. Coll. Author of Eulogy on Dr. E. K. Kane, 1857; Philosophia Ultima, 8vo, 1861; "A Manual of Worship," 1862; "Directory for Public Worship," &c., 1863; Book of Com mon Prayer, &c., as amended for the Presb. Church, 1864; " The Book of Remembrance," 1867; Memoir of Joel Jones, LL.D., pre fixed to his Notes on Scripture, 1860; Re view of Conite, 1858, &c. A/libone. Shields, GEN. JAMES, b. Atmore, n. Dun- Cannon, Tyrone Co., Ireland, Dec. 12, 1810; emig. to Amer. ab. 1826. He pursued his stud ies till 1832, when he went to 111., and com. the practice of law at Kaskaskia. In 1836 he was in the legisl. ; State auditor in 1839; judge of the Supreme Court in 1843; and in 1345 cominiss. of the gen. land-office. He had served as a lieut in the Florida war ; app. by Pres. Polk a brig.-gen. July 1, 1846; and for his disting. services in the battle of Cerro Gorclo, in which he was dang, wounded, was brev. maj.-gea; also severely wounded in battle of Chapultepec. In 1 848 he was app. gov. of Oregon Terr., which he resigned; U.S. sena tor from Illinois in 1849-55 ; subsequently took up his residence in the Terr, of Minnesota, and in 1853-60 was U.S. senator from that State ; at the end of his term he went to Cali fornia. Made brig.-gen. vols. Aug. 19, 1861 ; on the death of Gen. Lander, he was assigned to his command. He gained the battle of Win chester Mar. 23, in the movements preparatory to which (on the 22d) he was severely wounded. At the battle of Port Republic, June 9, 1862, he was worsted by Gen. T. J. Jackson. Shillafoer, BENJAMIN P. ("Mrs. Parting- ton "), b. Portsmouth, N.H., 1814. Entered a printing-office in 1830; came to Boston in 1832; became editorially connected with the Boston Post (1847-50) and Evening Gazette, and edited the Carpet-Bag 1850-2; and in 1 856 connected himself with the Saturday-Even ing Gazette. Author of "Rhymes with Rca- son^ and Without," 12rno, 1853; "Poems;" " Life and Sayings of Mrs. Partington," 1854 ; "Knitting- Work," by Ruth Partington, 1859. Shindler, MARY STANLEY BUNCE, poet, b. Beaufort, S.C., Fob. 15, 1810. Dau. of Rev. Benj. F. Palmer, D.D., who in 1814 re moved to Charleston. Educated by the Misses Ramsay, daughters of the historian, and at the seminaries of Wethersfield, Ct., Elizabethtown, X. J., and of Rev. E. C. Herri* ,k, New Haven. She in. Charles E. Dana of New York, 19 Dec. 1835. They removed to the West in 1838, where she lost her husband in 1839. She be gan her literary career by writing for the Rose bud, ed. by Mrs. Caroline Oilman of Charles ton, S.C. She pub. the " Southern Harp " in 1841, and "The Parted Family, and Other Poems," 1 842 ; " The Northern Harp; " " Charles Morton," 1843; "The Young Sailor," 1845; " Forecastle Tom ; " " The Temperance Lyre," 1 842. Having become a Unitarian, she pub. in 1845 "Letters to Re atives and Friends," re- pub, in Lond. ; " Southern Sketches " appeared in 1847. In May, 1848, she rn. Rev. Robert D. Shmdlcr, who since 1851 has been a prof. in Shelby Coll., Shelbyville, Ky. Some of her lyric poems have much merit. Hart s Prose Writers. Shippen, EDWARD, LL.D., jurist, a de scendant of Edward Shippen, the first mayor of Phila., b. there Feb. 16, 1729 ; d. April 16, 1806. Having studied law in Phila., he fin ished his education at the Temple in London, where he was adm. a barrister in 1750. On his return to Phila. he devoted himself to his profession ; at the age of 24 he was app. pro- thonotary of the Supreme Court, and judge of the Admiralty Court for the province ; was afterwards member of the Council until the cessation of the office at the Revol. ; and was after that event app. pres. of the Courts of Quarter Sessions for the county of Phila. In 1791 he was app. judge of the Supreme Court, and in 1799 chief justice ; which office he re signed in Feb. 1806. His dau. Margaret m. Gen. Arnold. Shippen, WILLIAM, physician, b. Phila. Oct. 1, 1712; d. there Nov. 4, 1801. He was a skilful and successful practitioner; one of the founders and trustees of the Coll. of N. J. ; a vice-pres. of the Philos. Society of Phila. ; the first physician to the Pa. Hospital ; a delegate to the Cont. Congress in 1778-80; and was one of the founders of the first Presb. church of Phila., of which he was a member 70 years. Shippen, WILLIAM, M.D., son of the preceding, b. Phila. 1735 ; d. Gennantown, July 11, 1808. N. J. Coll. 1754. He received his early education at the grammar-school of Dr. Finley at Nottingham; studied medicine under his father, and also at Lond. and Edinb., where he grad. M.D. Returning to Phila. in May, 1762, he commenced in the autumn the first course of anatomical lectures ever given in this country. In Sept. 1765 he was chosen prof, of anatomy and surgery in the Phila. Med. School, of which he was a founder. He entered the med. dept. of the army in 1776; and from Apr. 11, 1777, to Jan. 1781, was its director-gen. He subsequently practised as accoucheur-surgeon and physician until 1798. Shirley, WILLIAM, one of the ablest of the colonial governors of Ms. (1741-56), lieut.- gen. British army, b. Preston, Sussex, Enir-, 1693; d. Roxbury, Ms., Mar. 24, 1771. He was bred to the law; came to Boston in 1734, and practised his profession. At the time of his app., he was a commiss. for the settlement of the boundary between Ms. and R.I. He planned the successful exped. against Cape Breton in 1745 ; was in Eng. in 1745-53; was one of the commiss. at Paris for settling the limits of Nova Scotia and other controverted rights in America in 1750; treated with the Eastern Indians in 1754; and explored the Kennebec, erecting 2 or 3 forts ; was com.-in- chief of the British forces in N.A. in 1755; planned the exped. against Niagara, and him self proceeded as far as Oswego. In 1759 he was made lieut.-gen. He was afterward gov. of one of the Bahama Islands, but returned to Ms in 1770. He built the spacious mansion in Roxbury, afterward the residence of Gov. Eustis. He pub. " Electra," a tragedy ; " Birth of Hercules," a mask ; a Letter to the Duke of Newcastle, with a Journal of the Siege SJHO 826 SHTJ oi Louisburg, 1745; and the Conduct of Gen. Win. Shirley briefly stated, London, 8vo, 1758. His son "WILLIAM, an officer in the arrnv, was killed with Braddock in 1755. THOMAS, a maj.-gen. in the army, created a bart. in 1786, gov. of the Leeward Islands, b. Boston, d. Mar. 1800. See Drake s Partic. Hist, of the Five Years French and Ind. War, 1 744-9. Short, CHARLES, LL.D., scholar, b. Ha- verhill, Ms., 1821. H.U. 1846. Assist, instr. Phillips Acad. 1847 ; master of the Koxbury Classical School 1847-53, and of a private classical school in Phila. 1853-63; pros, of Kenyon Coll., O., 1863-7; prof, of Latin in Co lumbia Coll., N.Y., since Mar. 2, 1868. He ed ited, with additions, Advanced Latin Exercises in Schmitz and Zumpt s Classical Series, and Mitchell s Ancient Geog. 1860; assisted in the preparation of several classical works ; contrib uted many valuable papers to reviews ; and has translated articles from the German for Her- zog s Real Encyclop. Allibone. Short, WILLIAM, diplomatist, b. Spring Garden, Va., Sept. 30, 1759; d. Phila. Dec. 5, 1849. Wm. and Mary Coll. He was at an early age a member of the exec, council of Va., and, on the app. of Jefferson as minister to France in 1784, was joined with him as sec. of legation. In 1789 Mr. Short was appointed charge d affaires to the French republic by Washington ; and he had the honor of holding the first exec, commission signed by him, and of being the first citizen app. to office under the Federal Constitution. During the admin istration of Gen. Washington he was succces- sively minister res. at the Hague, and corn- miss, and in 1792-95 minister to Spain. His State papers, and especially those connected with the important negotiations relative to the Spanish boundaries and rights in connection with Fla. and the Mpi., which resulted in the treaty of 1 795, are marked by great clearness, ability, good temper, and research. Stireve, CAPT. HENRY M., a pioneer in the steam navigation of the West ; d. St. Louis, Mar. 6, 1851. He was for nearly 40 years constantly connected with commerce in that region. U.S. supt. of Western river improve ments, and by the use of the steam snag-boat, of which he was the inventor, added largely to ihe safety of Western commerce. He was also employed by Gen. Jackson in several hazard ous enterprises during the war of 1812. On the memorable 8th of Jan. 1815 he superin tended one of the field-pieces, which was so de structive to that column of the British army which was led by Gen. Kean. Shreve, THOMAS H., editor and poet, b. Alexandra, D.C., 1808; d. Louisville, Ky., Dec. 23, 1853. At first a merchant, he moved to Cincinnati in 1830; became associate editor of the Mirror in 1834 ; removed to Louisville in 1838 ; and ab. 1842 became an editor of the Louisville Journal. Besides his contribs. to pe riodicals, he wrote " Drayton, an American Tale," pub. in 1851. He was a Quaker in his religious faith, and a man of high and noble character. Poets and Poetry of the [Vest. Shubrick, the name of several gallant officers of the U.S. navy, natives of S.C., sons of Col. Thomas, aide to Gens. Greene and Lincoln in the Revol. war, b. 1755, d. Charles ton, S.C., 4 Mar. 1810. JOHN TAYLOR, b. 12 Sept. 1788, d. July, 1815. Midshipm. 20 June, 1806; lieut. 28 May, 1812. He was in "The Chesapeake " in her affair with " The Leo pard" in 1807 ; in the action of " The Consti tution " with " The Guerriere " in Aug. ; and with "The Java," 29 Dec. 1812; of "The Hornet "with " The Peacock," 24 Feb. 1813 (for which he received medals from Congress); of " The President" when captured by a British squad, in Jan. 1815; and on the conclusion of peace was despatched to the U.S. in com. of " The Epervier " with the treaty. This vessel was never afterward heard from. WILLIAM BRANFORD, b. 31 Oct. 1790. Midshipman 20 June, 1806; lieut. 6 Jan. 1813; com. 28 Mar. 1820; capt. 21 Feb. 1831; rear-adm. (ret, list) 16 July, 1862. Com. battery of 1 gun on Craney Island in the repulse of the British forces 22 June, 1813; lieut. in "The Constitution" in action with The Cyane " and " Levant," 20 Feb. 1815 ; com. squad, in the Pacific in 1847, and captured Mazatlan and other ports from the Mexicans ; com. Brazil squad, and Para guay exped. 1859. Died Washington, D. C., May 27, 1874. EDWARD RUTLEDGE d. at sea 12 Mar. 1844, a. ab. 50. Midshipm. 16 Jan. 1809; lieut. 9 Oct. 1813; com. 24 Apr. 1828; capt. 9 Feb. 1837. Served under Cora. Rodgers in the war of 1812-15; app. to corn, the Columbia, Brazilian squad., May, 1842. IRVINE, b. 1797, d. Phila. 5 Apr. 1849. Mid shipm. 12 May, 1814; lieut. 13 Jan. 1826; com. 8 Sept. 1841. Served under Decatur in the action of " The President " with the Brit ish squad, in 1815, also in the war with Algiers in 1816; as 1st lieut. of " The Potomac" in 1832, headed the sailors and marines in the de struction of Quallah Battoo. Shulze, JOHN ANDREW, gov. of Pa. in 1823-9, b. Tulpehocken, Berks Co., July 19, 1775 ; d. Lancaster, Nov. 18, 1852. Son of a Lutheran clergyman. He represented Lebanon County for several years in the State legisl. ; chosen gov. by the Democ. party. Shunk, FRANCIS RAWN, gov. of Pa. 1 845-8, b. Montgomery Co., Pa., Aug. 7, 1788 ; d. Harrisburg, July 30, 1848. He became a teacher at the age of 15; in 1812 was app. a clerk in the surveyor-general s dept., at the same time studied law ; assisted as a soldier in the defence of Baltimore in 1814; was soon afterwards assist, and then principal clerk in the house of representatives for several years ; next became sec. to the board of canal corn- mis.; in 1838 was sec. of state; next established himself in the practice of law at Pittsburgh Shurtleff, NATHANIEL BRADSTREET, M.D., antiquary, mayor of Boston 1868-70, b. Boston, June 29, 1810. H.U. 1831. Son of Dr. Benjamin. Has pub. " Epitome of Phre nology," 1835 ; " Perpetual Calendar for Old and New Style," 1848; "Passengers of tho May Flower in 1620," 1849 ; " Brief Notice of Wm. Shurtleff of Marshfield," 1850; "Gene alogy of the Leverett Family," 1850 ; " Thun der and Lightninir, and Deaths in Mar.shfield in 1658 and 1666," 1850; "Records of Ms. Bay, 1628-86," 6 vols. 4to ; " Topog. Descrij> SHU 827 SIGr tion of Boston," 8vo, 1871 ; edited, with David Pulsifer, " Records of New Plymouth," 12 vols. 4to.; d. Dorchester, Oct. 17, 1874. Shute, DANIEL, D.D., minister, of Hing- ham, Ms., from Dec. 10, 1746, to 1800, b. Maiden, July 19, 1722; d. Aug. 30, 1802. H.U. 1743. Member of the convention to adopt the Constitution of the U.S. He pub. occasional sermons. Shute, SAMUEL, gov. of Ms. 1716-23, b. Loncl. 1653; d. Eng. Apr. 15, 1742. Educat ed at Leyden. He served in the army of King William ; was a lieut.-col. under Marlborough, and was wounded in one of the great battles in Flanders. During his administration he had a warm controversy with the legisl., who would not fix his salary, denied his right to negative the speaker, and assumed his powers as com. in chief. After his return to Eng., an explanatory charter was procured in 1 724, con firming the gov. in the rights for which he had contended. Siamese Twins, CHANG and ENG, b. Bangesau, on the north-west corner of the Gulf of Siam, 1810. The father was a Chinaman, the mother a Siarno-Chinese woman. They \vere brought to the U.S. at the age of 18 by Capt. Abel Coffin, and exhibited throughout this country and Europe; realized a compe tence; married 2 sisters (mulattoes) in 1842, and settled in Surrey Co., N.C. Each has 9 children. They revisited Europe in 1868-9. Sibley, MA j. GEORGE CHAMPLAIN, b. Great Barrington, Ms., 1782; d. Elma, Mo., 31 Jan. 1863. Son of Dr. John, a surgeon in the Revol. war. His youth was spent in N.C. Pres. Jefferson app. him an Indian agent, and, with 100 Osage warriors, he explored the Grand Saline and Salt Mountain, a report of which exped. was pub. Afterward a commiss. to lay out a road from Mo. to N. Mexico, and made several treaties with the Indians. Many years president of the St. Charles Co. Bible Society of Mo. ; trustee and patron of Linden- wood College. Sibley, HENRY H., gen. C.S.A., b. La. ab. 1815, West Point, 1838. Entering 2d Dragoons, he served in the Fla. war ; became capt. Feb. 16, 1847; brev. major for gallantry at Medellin, Mexico, March 25, 1847 ; Feb. 7, 1761, became major 1st Dragoons, being then in service against the Navajoes in N. Mex ico ; and resigned May 13, 1861. He was app. brig.-gen. in the Confed. army, and led a force from Texas for the conquest of New Mexico. He attacked Fort Craig, Jan. 5, 1862, but was repulsed, and obliged to retreat. In 1870 he entered the service of the khedive of Egypt as gen. of brigade of artillery. Sibley, GEN. HENRY HASTINGS, b. Detroit, Mich., Feb. 20, 1811. Sou of Judge Solomon. Many years an Indian trader in the emplov of the Amer. Fur Company at Mackinaw and Fort Snelling ; delegate to Congress from Minne sota Terr, in 1849-53; first gov. of Minn, in 1858; brig.-gen. of vols. 29 Sept. 1862; com. an exped. against the Minnesota Indians in 1863; and afterward brev. maj.-gen. of vols. Delegate to the Cleveland Soldiers Conven tion of 1866. Sibley, JOHN LANG DON, b. Union, Me., Dec. 29, 1804. H.U. 1825. Assist, lib. there 1825-6 and 1841-56; librarian since 1856; ord. at Stow, Ms., May 4, 1829 ; dism. Mar. 31, 1833. Author of " History of Union, Me.," 1851 ; "Notices of the Triennial Catalogues of H.U., with a Reprint of the Catalogues of 1674, 1682, and 1700," 1865. In 1837 he be came the editor, and afterward proprietor, of the American Mag. of Usef. and Entert. Knowl.. and since 1841 has edited the Triennial Cata logues of H.U., and since 1850 all its Annual Catalogues. He is now (1871) about pub. a bio^. record of the early graduates of H.U. Sibley, SOLOMON, judge, b. Sutton, Ms., Oct. 7, 1769; d. Detroit, Apr. 4, 1846. Hs studied law. Removed to Ohio in 1795 ; estab lished himself first at Marietta, and then at Cin cinnati. He removed to Detroit in 1797 ; was in 1799 elected to the first Terr, legisl. of the N. W. Terr. ; was a delegate to Congress from Mich. Terr, in 1820-3; and judge of the Supreme Court in 1824-36. Sickles, GEN. DANIEL E., b. N. Y. City, Oct. 20, 1821. U. ofN.Y. He studied law; was adm. to the bar in 1 844 ; became a mem ber of the legisl. in 1847, and took a prominent position among the leaders of the Democ. party ; in 1 853 he became corporation atty. ; and was sec. of legation in Eng. to Mr. Buchanan until 1855 ; he was then elected State senator, and in 1856 a representative in Congress. Feb. 27, 1859, he killed Philip Barton Key, U.S. dist. atty. for D.C., shooting him in the streets of Washington, for criminal connection with Mr. Sickles s wife. He was tried for murder, but acquitted. He was re-elected to Congress in 1860. In 1861 he raised the Excelsior Brigade in New York, and was made colonel. His com mission as brig.-gen. was dated Sept. 3, 1861. He fought in the battles of the Chickahominy campaign, his brigade forming part of Hooker s division of Heintzelman s (3d) army corps. He succeeded to Gen. Hooker s command when that officer took the 1st army corps, and led that division at Antietam and Fredericks- burg. He com. the 3d army corps in the battles near Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1863 ; and at Gettysburg, Pa., where he lost a leg, July 2, 1863. Maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; col. 42d Inf. July 28/1866; retired as maj.-gen. Apr. 14, 1869; minister to Spain, May, 1869 -Dec. 1 873 ; succ. by Caleb Gushing. In March, 1872, Gen. Sickles was instrumental in over throwing the cojrupt " Ring " which had long controlled the Erie Railroad. Sigel, GEN. FRANZ, b. Zinsheim, Baden, Nov. 18, 1824. Was grad. at the military school of Carlsruhe; entered the service of Baden ; but in 1848 resigned, and devoted him self to German unity and republicanism. The revol.govt., June. 1, 1848, app. him minister of war. After the defeat of Mieroslawski by the Prince of Prussia, Sigel, who had taken part in these battles, at the head of this beaten and dispirited force, by a skilful retreat placed it safely within the walls of the fortress of Ras- tadt. Upon the flight of the provis. govt., Sigel (July 1 1 ) withdrew to Switzerland ; ex pelled by the Swis,s govt., he came in 1850 to New York, taught mathematics in the acad. of Dr. Rudolph Dalon, and afterward m. his dan SIGr 828 sin, Be interested himself in the State militia, and was maj. of the 5th Regt. Removing in Sept. 1858 to St. Louis, where he was a teacher in the college of that city, he became early in 1861 col. 3d Mo. Vols. Under Gen. Lyon he took part in the capture of Camp Juckson ; was sent into S.W. Missouri, June 23 ; fought the battle of Carthage, July 5, when, with ab. 1,200 men, he engaged 5,000*, upon whom, in retreat ing, he indicted very severe loss ; took part in the battle of Wilson s Creek, and directed the retreat from Springfield, arriving at Rolla Aug. 19. Made brig.-gen., dating from May 17, 1861, he commanded a division in Fremont s army, which in Oct. pursued the Confederates under Price ; was again sent to the South-west by Gen. Halleck, Feb. 1862, commanding a division ; and bore a prominent part in the bat tle of Pea Ridge. His relations with Gen. Hal leck, commander of the department, becoming unsatisfactory, he resigned in May, but was made major-gen., dating from March 21, and ordered to the com. of Harper s Ferry, where he arrived June 2. Succeeding to the com. of Fremont s army corps June 26, he served through the campaign of Va. under Gen. Pope ; took a prominent part in the second battle of Bull Run, Aug. 29-30; and Sept. 14 was put at the head of the llth army corps. Early in Mar. 1864 he was placed in com. of the dept. of West Virginia. He was defeated by Gen. Breckenridge at New Market 15 May, and was relieved of the com. by Gen. Hunter. He evacuated Martinsburg 2 July, and on the 3d was driven from Leetown, and took a position at Maryland Heights. Elected register of N. Y. City and Co. Nov. 1871. Signay, JOSEPH, Catholic archbishop of Quebec; d. Oct. 3, 1850, a. 71. Made bishop in 1833, archbishop in 1844. Sigourney, LYDIA HOWARD HUNTLEY, authoress, b. Norwich, Ct., Sept. 1, 1791 ; d. Hartford, June 10, 1865. She enjoyed special educational advantages. At the age of 18 she engaged in teaching a young ladies school at Norwich ; opened a select school at Hartford in 1814 ; and in 1815 pub. " Moral Pieces in Prose and Verse." She early manifested poetic tal ent, and had pub. articles in periodicals. In 1819 she m. Charles Sigourney, a merchant of Hartford. Her poems, generally lyrical, are mostly on religious or serious topics ; and her publications number 59 vols. In 1840 she vis ited Em % ope; and in 1842 pub. her "Pleasant Memories of Pleasant Lands." She has pub. "Traits of the Aborigines," a poem, 1822; " Lays from the West," pub. in London ; " A Sketch of Connecticut Forty Years Since," a prose volume, 1824; "Letters to Young La dies ; " " Letters to Mothers ; " " Poetry for Children ; " " Zinzendorf and Other Poems," 1835 ; " Pocahontas and Other Poems," 1841 ; a choice collection of her miscellaneous poems, illustrated by Darley, in 1848 ; " Scenes in my Native Land," 1845; "How to be Happy," 1833 ; " Biography and Writings of Nancy M. Hyde," 1816 ; " Select Poems," 1834 ; " Poems for the Sea," 1845 ; "Voice of Flowers," 1845 ; "Letters to my Pupils," 1851 ; "Memoirs of Mrs. Harriet N. Cook," 1852; "Past Meri dian" 1855; "The Man of Uz, and other Poems," 1862; "Gleanings," 1360; "Seleo- tions from Various Sources," 1863 ; and a pos thurnous vol., " Letters of Life," 1866. Sill, GEN. JOSHUA WOODROW, b. Chilli- cothe, O., Dec. 6, 1831; killed in battle at Murfreesborouo;h, Dec. 31, 1862. West Point, 1853. Son of Hon. Joseph Sill. Entering the ordnance dept., he was instructor at West Point 1854-7; resigning 25 Jan. 1861, he ac cepted the professorship of mathematics and civil eng. in the Brooklyn Col! and Polyt. In stitution. This post he resigned when Sumter fell; was made assist, adj. -gen. of O. in May, and 27 Aug. col. 33d Ohio Vols. ; and was in the combat of Rich Mountain 11 July, 1861. He com. a brigade in Gen. Mitchell s division in Ky. ; and was made brig.-gen. 16 July, 1862, having taken part in the Huntsville ex- ped. and the action at Battle Creek, Tenn. When Gen. McCook took com. of an army corps, Sill was assigned to the com. of a divis ion, and was in the battle of Pcrryville 8 Oct., the pursuit of Bragg s forces, and the move ment to Nashville. On the re-organization of the army under Maj. -Gen. Rosccranz, he was placed in com. of a brigade in Sheridan s divis ion. He fell at the head of this brigade, with which he had three times checked the furious onset of the foe upon the right wing on the dis astrous Wednesday of the battle of Stone River. Silliman, BENJAMIN, LL.D. (Mid. Coll. 1826), physicist, b. N. Stratford, Ct., Aug. 8, 1779; d. N. Haven, Nov. 24, 1864. Y.C. 1796; tutor there 1799-1 802. Son of Gold Selkck Silliman. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1802 ; app. in 1802 prof, of chemistry in Y. C., a science then in its infancy in the U.S. After 2 years study in Phila. with Dr. Wood- house, he delivered at N. Haven in 1 804 a par tial course of lectures on chemistry to the stu dents of the coll. ; in the winter of 1805 he gave his first full course of lectures, and then visited Europe to prosecute his studies ; after an ab sence of 14 months he resumed his professor ship. He pub. "Journal of Travels in Eng land, Holland, and Scotland in 1805-6," pub. in 1810 (2 vols. 8vo) and in 1820 (3 vols. 12mo). Soon after his return he made a geological sur vey of a part of Ct., which is believed to have been the first of these explorations made in the U.S. He pub. a full account of a meteorite of great size and splendor, which in Dec. 1807 threw off large fragments in the town of Wes- ton, Ct. In 1813 he pub. in the "Memoirs of the Ct. Acad. of Arts and Sciences " an account of his experiments with the oxy-hydrogeu blow pipe of Dr. Hare, by which he had givatiy ex tended the list of bodies known to be fusible. In 1818 Prof. Silliman founded the American Journal of Science and Art, of which for 20 years he was sole, and for 8 years more senior, editor. In 1838 his son Benjamin, jun., became asso ciated with him in editing the work ; r.nd in 1846 it was transferred by the senior editor to Profs. J. D. Dana and B. Silliman, jun. Prof. S. was a frequent lecturer upon chemistry and geology in most of the populous towns and cities of the Union. In 1830 he pub. a text book on Chemistry, 2 vols.; and in 1829 an edition of Bakewell s Geology, with Notes. An "Account of a Journcv between Hartford SIL 829 SI:M and Quebec" appeared from his pen in 1820. He spent 6 months of 1851 in Europe, and in 1853 pub. "A Visit to Europe in 1851," 2 vols. 12mo. In 1853 he resigned his professorship, and was made prof, emeritus ; but at the request of his colleagues he continued to lecture on ge ology till June, 1855, when he gave his closing academic course. He was a member of numer ous American and European scientific societies. See Life of Silliman by Prof. Geo. P. Fisher, 2 vols. 8vo, 1866. Silliman, BENJAMIN, Jun., M.D. (U. of S.C. 1849), physicist, son of the preceding, b. New Haven, Ct., Dec. 4, 1816. Y.C. 1837. He was an instructor at Yale in chemistry, miner alogy, and geology in 1838-47, and in 1842 opened a laboratory for instruction in analyti cal chemistry; in 1846 he was app. prof, of chemistry applied to the arts in the scientific school of the coll., which he was chiefly instru mental in organizing. He became assoc. editor of the Journal of Science with his father in 1838, and in 1846 was assoc. with Prof. Dana as edi tor and proprietor. In 1849-54 he was prof, of medical chemistry and toxicology in the U. of Louisville, Ky. ; and in 154 succeeded his father as prof, of chemistry in Y.C., which po sition he now holds. In 1853 he had charge of the depts. of chemistry, mineralogy, and ge ology in the Crystal-Palace Exhibition in New York, and, in connection with Mr. C. B. Good rich, prepared the " Illustrated Record " and the " Progress of Science and Art " then pub. In 1851 he visited Europe with his father, and prepared from his notes the " Visit to Europe," pub. in 1853." He was several years sec, of the Arner. Association for the Advancement of Science, and had charge of the publication of its "Proceedings." He is well known as a lec turer on scientific topics. Besides about 60 papers in the Journal of Science, he has pub. "First Principles of Chemistry," 1846, revised in 1856; and "Principles of Physics," 1858. Appleton. Silliman, GOLD SELLECK, b. near Fair- field, Ct., ab. 1730 ; d. there July, 1790. Y.C. 1752. A lawyer on the breaking-out of the Revol., and a col. of local cavalry, he served as brig.-gen., and during most of the war charged with the defence of the south-western frontier of Ct. adjoining N. Y. He served in the battle of Long Island at the head of his regt., and at White Plains; and was very efficient in re pelling the raid on Danbury in 1777. Cap tured by a party of Tories, May 1, 1779, and held captive one year. Father of Prof. Silli man. Silsbee, JOSHUA S., comedian, the first to .introduce Yankee characterizations into Eng., b. Litchfield, Ct., Jan. 4, 1815; d. San Fran cisco, Cal., Dec. 22, 1855. Made his debut in the winter of 1837 in Natchez, Mpi. Sept. 23, 1851, he opened at the Adelphi, London, as Jonathan Ploughboy. Silsbee, NATHANIEL, senator, and mer chant of Salem, Ms., b. Essex Co., 1773; d. Salem, July 1, 1850. His father Nathaniel was a shipmaster in the employ of E. H. Der by of Salem. The son amassed a fortune by honorable dealing; frequently served in each branch of the State legisl. ; in 1823-6 was pres. of the State senate ; M.C. 1816-20 ; ana was a U. S. senator in 1826-35. Simcock, JOHN, Quaker preachei ; d. Ches ter Co., Pa., Jan. 27, 1703. He was 40 years a minister, and was endowed with great wis dom and spiritual discernment. He was a great suiferer in Eng. for his opinions, both by imprisonment, and loss of goods. He settled early in Chester Co., Pa. ; was active in en deavoring to recover George Keith to the true faith, and afterward in testifying against him and his party. Coll. of Quaker Memorials. Simcoe, JOHN GRAVES, a British lieut.- gen., b. near Exeter, Eng., 25 Feb. 1752; d. Torbay, 26 Oct. 1806. His father, a capt. in the navy, was killed at Quebec during its siege by Wolfe. He entered the army an ensign in 1770, and, on the breaking-out of the Arner. war, purchased a company in the 40th Foot, which regt. he com. at the battle of Brandy- winej where he was wounded, as also at Mon- mouth. He raised a battalion called the Queen s Rangers, drilled and disciplined in a superior manner for light and active service, and with which he performed important ser vices to the royal cause in the South. Clinton gave him, 23 June, 1779, the local rank of licut. col. In Oct. 1779, while on an exped. to de stroy some boats, he was taken prisoner, and narrowly escaped death. His corps was con stantly in advance of the army, and performed a series of gallant, skilful, and successful en terprises. Simcoe was included in the capitu lation at Yorktown. A "Journal" of his campaigns, printed only for his friends, was reprinted 8vo, N.Y., 1844. After the war, the corps was disbanded, and the officers placed on half-pay. Gov. of Upper Canada in 1791-4, he retained his old enmity against the^.S., and, if he did not promote, certainly did nothing to prevent, Indian hostilities on our borders. Col. 18 Nov. 1790; maj.-gen. 3 Oct. 1794; licut.-gen. 3 Oct. 1798; gov. and com.-in-chief of St. Domingo, Dec. 1796-July, 1797, and ex erted himself successfully to oppose the French, and to establish the financial and other inter ests of the Colony. Simitiere, PIERRE EUGENE DU, painter pnd antiquary, b. Geneva; d. Phila. 1788. A.M. of N. J. Coll. 1781. From 1760 to his death he practised his profession in Phila. ; painted miniatures in water-colors, and was also a collector of specimens of natural history. He had many of his portraits engraved in Paris, among them Washington, Arnold, Silas Deane, Gates, Laurens, Huntington, Morris, Steuben, Charles Thomson, Gerard, and Jos. Reed. He was an ardent patriot and a well- informed man, and collected materials for a Hist, of the Amer. Revolution. Simmons, GEORGE FREDERICK, clergy man, b. Boston, Mar. 24, 1814 ; d. Concord, Ms., Sept. 5, 1855. H.U. 1832. Son of Judge Wm. of Boston, who d. 1843. He was disting. for brilliant scholarship, and was ord. Oct. 9, 1838. He preached at Mobile, Ala., in 1838- 40; at Waltham, Ms., in 1841-5; and at Springfield in 1848-51 (each of which places his antislavery preaching and opinions caused him to leave), and afterward in Albany. He was twice in Europe, once (on graduation) as 830 a tutor m a private family ; and again in 1 843-5, when he went to Germany, and studied theolo gy. A vol. of his sermons was pub. 1855. Simmons, JAMES F., senator, b. Little Compton, R. I., Sept. 10, 1795; d. Johnson, R. I., July 14, 1864. A farmer and manufac turer. A member of the Gen. Assembly in 1828-41 ; U.S. senator in 1841-7, and again in 1857-63. Simmons, JOHN, merchant of Boston, b. Little Compton, R. I., Oct. 1796; d. there 29 Aug. 1870. By his will he provided for the founding of the Simmons Female Coll.," for the education of indigent young women. Simms, JEPTHA ROOT, b. Canterbury, Ct., 1807. Author of "History of Schoharie Co., N.Y.," 8vo, 1845 ; "The American Spy, Nathan Hale," 8vo, 1846 ; " Trappers of N.Y.," 1850. Contrib. to periodicals. Allibone. Simms, WM. GILMORE, LL.D., author, b. Charleston, S.C., Apr. 17, 1806 ; d. there June 11, 1870. His father was of Irish descent. At the age of 7 he began to write verses. Owing to the limited means of his family and a sickly childhood, his early education was slight. Af ter a clerkship of several years in a store in Charleston, he at 18 began to study law. At 20 he ra. Was adm. to the bar in 1828, which he quitted after a year s practice, and became editor, and part proprietor, of the Charleston City Gazette, which, favoring the Union dur ing the nullification excitement, became a losing concern, and in 1832 left Mr. Simms nearly penniless. Losing by death, about this time, his grandmother, father, and wife, he came north, and passed the summer at Hing- ham, Ms., where he finished the longest and best of his imaginative poems " Atalantis" (N. Y. 1833). He had previously pub. a " Mono dy on the Death of Charles C. Pinckney," 1825; 2 vols. of Poems, and "Early Lays," 1827 ; " Vision of Cortes, Cain, and other Po ems," 1829; and in 1830 "The Tricolor, or Three Days of Blood in Paris." His other poetical works are " Southern Passages and Pictures," 1839 ; " Donna Anna," 1843 ; " Grouped Thoughts and Scattered Fancies," 1845; "Lays of the Palmetto," 1848; "Po ems," 2 vols. 1854; " Areytos, or Songs and Ballads of the South," I860 ; and in 186~7 edit ed " War Poetry of the South." He also pro duced two dramas, " Norman Maurice," and " Michael Bonham, or the Fall of the Alamo ; " and adapted Shakspeare s " Timon of Athens " for the stage, with numerous additions of his own. He is best known by his romances, founded upon local or revol. history. His nov els are "Martin Faber;" a melange entitled " The Book of My Lady," 1833 ; ""Carl Wer ner," 1838 ; " Confession, or the Blind Heart," 1842; "Castle Dismal," 1845; "The Wig wam jmd the Cabin," 1845-6 ; " Marie de Ber- niere," 1853; "The Yemassee," 1835; " Pela- yo," 1838, and its sequel, "Count Julian," 1845; "The Damsel of Darien," 1845; "The Lily and the Totem," " The Maroon and Other Tales," 1855; " Vasconcelos," 1867 ; "The Cassique of Kiawah," 1860 ; " The Partisan," 1835; "Mellichampe," 1836, and " Katherine Walton," 1851; " The Scout," originally pub. is the "Kinsmen," 1841 ; " Woodcraft," ori ginally entitled " The Sword and the Distaff, " The Forayers, a Raid of the Dogdays," 1855, and its Sequel, "Eutaw," 1856; " Guy Rivers," 1834; "Richard Hurdis," 1838 ;"" Border Beagles," 1840; "Beauchampe," 1842 ; "Hel en Halsey," 1845 ; " The Golden Christmas." 1852 ; and " Charlemont, or the Pride of the Village," 1856. His hist, and biog. works are a " Hist, of S.C. ; " " S.C. in the Revol.," 1854; and Lives of Marion, Capt. John Smith, Chevalier Bayard, and Gen. Greene ; also a " Geography of S.C.," and a number of arti cles on the " Civil Warfare of the South," and- the " Amer. Loyalists of the Revol.," pub. in ihe South. Lit. Messenger find Quarterly Review. His other works are, " Views and Reviews in Amer. Literature;" " Egeria," a collection of apho risms ; "Father Abbot, or the Home Tourist, a Medley," " Southward Ho ! " 1854 ; " The Morals of Slavery," c. He also edited, wiih notes, the 7 dramas ascribed to Shaks]>eare, but not pub. among his works, under the title of " A Supplement to Shakspeare s Plays," and contrib. much to periodical literature, be sides delivering occasional orations. Many of the biographies of South Carolinians in" the New Amer. Cyclop, are from his pen. He re sided on his plantation of woodlands near Midway, S.C. A uniform edition of his works was pub. by Redh eld, in N.Y., in 19 vols. Simonds, WILLIAM, b. Charlestown, Ms., Sept. 1822; d. Winchester, Ms., July 7, 1859. Established the Saturday Rambler in 1846, and was editorially connected with the N.E. Fanner, in which the Rambler was merged in Dec. 1850, until his death. In 1848-9 he pub. and edited the Pictorial National Library, monthly. Author of the " Aimwell Stories," 6 vols., and other juvenile books. Simonson, JOHN S., brev. brig.-gen. U.S. A., b. Pa. Served in Dobbins s regt. N.Y. vols.; in campaign on the Niagara 1814. A resident of Clark Co., Ind., since 1817. Member of both branches of the legisl. ; speak er of the house in 1845. App. capt. mounted rifles, May 27, 1846 ; brev. maj. for battle of Chapultepec, Sept. 13, 1847, in which he was wounded ; com. his regt. on the fall of Loring, and disting. in attack on De Beleti Gate ; inaj. mounted rifles 1853; col. 3d Cavalry, May 13, 1861 ; retired Sept. 28, 1861. Brev. brig.- gen. for long and faithful service in the army 13 Mar. 1865. Simpson, EDMUND, actor and manager, b. 1784; d. New York, July 31, 1848. Made his de1)ut\n Towcester, England, in May, 1806 ; at the Park, New York, Oct. 22, 1809, as Harry Dornton in " Road to Ruin." Manager of the Park Theatre from 1810 to June 5, 1843. While playing Faustus, in 1828, he broke one of his legs, causing permanent lameness. Re tired from the stage in 1833, and ln>t appeared in 1841 as Dazzle in "London Assurance." Simpson, SIR GEORGE, gov. of the Hud son s Bav Co., b. Ross-shire, Scotland, ah. 1796; d. Montreal, Sept. 7, 1860. From 1809 to 1820 he was engaged in commercial pursuits in London, when he was employed by the Earl of Selkirk, who was engaged in founding in Canada the Red-river Settlement, to take the lead in the operations of the compr.ny; with SIM 831 SKE whom, in 1820, he sailed from Eng., and in May left Montreal for the North-west. Set tling at Lake Athabasca, he carried on a great competition with the North-west Co. ; but in 1S21 the two coalesced, when he was app. gov.- in-chief of Rupert s Land, and gen. supt. of all the Hudson s Bay Co. s affairs. He planned in 1836 the exped., under his nephew Thomas Simpson, to connect the discoveries of Captains Ross and Back, evincing such forethought and zeal, that the expedition was perfectly success ful. It lasted 3 years, and traced the arctic coast of America from the mouth of the Mac kenzie River to Point Barrow, and from the mouth of the Coppermine River to the Gulf of Boothia. For these services he was knighted by the queen in 1855. He soon after made an overland journey round the world, of which he pub. a very interesting narrative, Lond. 8vo,l 847. Simpson, HENRY; d. Phila. 1868, a. 77. Member of the legisl. of Pa., and appraiser of the port of Phila. Author of " The Lives of Eminent Philadelphians," 8vo, 1859. Allibone. Simpson, JAMES H., brig.-gen., and col. of engineer corps U.S.A., b. N.J. ab. 1812. West Point, 1832. A.M. of N.J. Coll. 1848. Entering the 3d Art., he was aide to Gen. Eustis in the Florida war 1837-8; 1st lieut. topog. engrs. 7 July, 1838 ; capt. 3 March, 1853; maj. engr. corps 3 Mar. 1863; lieut.- col. June, 1863 ; col. 7 March, 1867 ; col. 4th N. J. Vols. 12 Aug. 1861, and in the Peninsu lar campaign ; was engaged at West Point and Gaines s Mills, where he was captured 27 June, 1862 ; chief eng. dept. of the Ohio Aug. 1862 to June, 1865 ; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Author of "Journal of a Military Re- connoissance from Santa Fe to the Navajo Country in 1849," 8vo, 1852 ; " Shortest Route to California," 8vo, 1869 ; " Report on the U. P. Railroad and Branches," 8vo, 1865. Cnllam. Simpson, MATHEW, D. D. (Wesl. U. 1841), bishop M.E. Church, b. Cadiz, 0., 21 June, 1810. Madison Coll. 1829; M.D. 1833. While an infant he lost his father, and the care of his education devolved upon his mother. Though he had studied medicine, yet he felt it his duty to preach; was licensed as a local preacher; ord. deacon in 1835, and elder in 1837 ; was pres. of the Ind. Asb. U. in 1839-41 ; vice-pres. of Alleghany Coll. 1841-51, and prof, of natural science; app. in 1848 editor of the Western Christian Advocate ; elected bishop in 1852. The intimate personal friend of Pres. Lincoln, he contributed greatly by his zeal and eloquence to sustain the cause of the Union in the great civil war. Simpson, GEN MICHAEL, who served in Arnold s Quebec exped. in 1775 ; d. near Har- risbnrir, Pa., June 15, 1813, a. 80. Simpson, STEPHEN, editor, b. Phila. July 24, 1789; d. Aug. 17, 1854. George his father was cashier of the Bank of the U. S., and afterward of Girard s Bank. Under the signature of "Brutus," Stephen wrote against the U.S. Bank for the Aurora. He was with his bro. George engaged in the battle if New Orleans ; was chief editor and proprietor of the Portico; and in 1822, with John Conrad, edited the Columbian Observer, in the interest of Gen. Jackson. He wrote "A Life of Stephen Girard," 12mo, 1832, and many other works. Contrib. to the Philadelphia Book. Simpson. Sims, CLIFFORD STANLEY, b. Pa. 17 Feb. 1839. Adm. to Phila. bar 1860. Now (1871) U. S. consul at Preston, Ontario (Dotn. of Can.). Author of " Stemmata Rosellana," 1859; "Origin and Significance of Scottish Surnames," 8vo, 1862; "Hist, of the N.J. Soc. of the Cincinnati," 8vo, 1866. Contrib. to " Heroes and Martyrs," and the N.E. Geneal. and Hist. Key., &c. Allibone. Sims, REV. EDWARD DROMGOOLE, scholar, b. Brunswick Co., Va., March 24, 1805; d. Tuscaloosa, Ala., April 13, 1845. U. of N.C. 1824. Tutor there in 1825-7 ; subsequently principal of an acad. at La Grange, Ala. ; and, when the coll. was established there, was elected prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. At a, later period he was prof, of languages in Ran dolph Macon Coll. In 1836 he made a Euro pean tour, and spent nearly two years in the U. of Halle ; prof, of English lit. U. of Ala. 1841-5. Sinclair, ARTHUR, capt. U.S.N., b. Va. ab. 1780; d. Norfolk, Va., 7 Feb. 1831. Mid- shipm. under Com. Truxtun at the capture of the French frigate " L Insurgente," 1 Feb. 1799 ; lieut. 10 Jan. 1807 ; com. 2 July, 1812 ; capt. 24 July, 1813. Sinnickson, THOMAS, Revol. soldier and judge, b. Salem Co., N. J.,1745; d. there May 15, 1817. Received a classical education, and was bred a merchant. Member of the first Prov. Congress in 1775. He served in the Revol. war, at the battles of Trenton and Princeton as capt. ; was for many years a member of the council and assembly of N. J., and pres. judge of the C.C.P. ; member of the first Congress 1789-91, and again in 1797-9. Sitgreaves, JOHN, Revol. patriot ; d. Halifax, N.C., March 4, 1802. He resided at Newbern ; was a lieut. in 1776; was aide to Caswell at the battle of Camden, Aug. 1780; member Old Congress 1784-5; member legisl. 1786-9 ; and U.S . dist. judge 1789-1802. Skene, COL. PHILIP; d. Oct. 9, 1810, near Stoke Goldington, Bucks, Eng. Grand son of John Skene of Halyards in Fifeshire, Scotland. He entered the army in 1739, and served in the exped. against Portobello ; in 1741 was at the taking of Carthagena; aiid was also at the battles of Fontenoy, Culloden, and Laffeldt. He came to Amer. in 1756; Feb. 2, 1757, became capt. 27th Regt. ; was wounded in the attack on Ticonderoga, July, 1758; was app. maj. of brigade 31 July, 1759 ; and in Ocr. following was left in charge of Crown Point, and projected a settlement at Wood Creek and South Bay, at the head of Lake Cham plain ; in 1762 he accomp. the exped. against Marti- nico and Havana, and was one of the first to enter the breach at the storming of the Moro Castle. On his return to N.Y. in 1763 he re newed his efforts to complete his settlement at, Wood Creek, for which a patent was granted March, 1765, and it was formed into a town ship under the name of Skenesborough ; and in 1770 he established his residence there. In June, 1775, he was arrested at Phila. as a loy- SIvI 832 SL-A. alist; was cxcliangcd in Oct. 1776; accomp. Burgoync s cxped. ; was with Baum in his ex- ped. and defeat at Bennington; and he was taken prisoner at Saratoga. In 1779 he was attainted, and his property confiscated by the legislature of New York. Skinner, CHARLES W., commo. U.S.N., b. Me.; d. Richmond, Va., Nov. 15, 1860. Midshipm. 1809; lieut. July 24, 1813; com. Mar. 3, 1827 ; capt. Feb. 9, 1837 ; retired 1855. Skinner, CORTLANDT, a loyalist brig.-gen. of the Revol.; d. Bristol, Eng., 1799, a. 71. His mother was a dau. of Stephen Van Cort- landt, and he was therefore cousin to Gen. De Lancey. Was atty.-gen. of N. J. in 1775, and in the performance of his official duties evinced both ability and integrity. He organized 3 battalions, called the N. J. Volunteers. At the peace he went to Eng., where he received compensation for losses as a loyalist. One of his daughters m. Sir Wm. Robinson, commiss.- gen. in the British army. Another m. Field- Marshal Sir George Nugent. His son PHILIP KEARNEY, lieut.-gcn. British army, b. Amboy, N. J., d. Lond. Apr. 9, 1826. He entered the service as ensign 1st N. J. Vols. (loyalist); was made prisoner in the exped. to Ostcnd; served in Ireland, E. and W. Indies, and Spain ; and attained rank of lieut.-gen. in 1825. Sabine. Skinner, JOHN, an English lieut.-gen., b. N. J. ; d. Eng. Oct. 10, 1827. Entered the ser vice as ensign 16th Regt. Sept. 4, 1772; capt. 70:h, June 10, 1778. In the campaigns of 1779- 81 he was at the actions of Beaufort and Stono Ferry, the defence of Savannah against Lin coln and D Estaing, the successful siege of Charleston; and com. a troop in Col. Tarle- ton s Legion in the battles of Blackstocks, Cow- pens, and Guilford. In 1795, reducing the re volted Maroons to submission, he saved Ja maica from the fate of St. Domingo; in 1804 he com. the 16th Regt. in the exped. against Surinam; and afterwards, while major-g^en., acted as gov. in succession of St. Martin s, Santa Cruz, and Guadaloupe in the W. Indies, at the capture of which latter island, in 1810, he com. a brigade, and for that service received a gold medal. Skinner, JOHN STUART, writer on agri culture, b. Md. Feb. 12, 1788; d. Baltimore, Mar. 21, 1851. Adm. to the bar in 1809. He was agt. of the govt. to conduct some negotia tions with the British forces in Chesapeake Bay in 1812, and, removing to Baltimore in the* fall of 1813, held the office of postmaster of that city 1822-37. He began in 1819 the pub. of the Old Amer. Farmer, the first periodical in the U.S. devoted solely to agriculture; and was the first to propose and organize the agric. shows in the Middle and Southern States. Third assist, postmaster-gen. 1841-5. He sub sequently edited the Amer. Turf Register, the Farmer s Library and Agric. Journal, and from 1 848 a monthly journal called The Plmir/h, the Loom, and the Anvil. Member of many foreign agric. societies. He received a vote of thanks from the Chilian Congress for services rendered them in their struggle for indep. Author of "A Christmas Gift to Young Agriculturists," 8vo, 1841; "The Dog and the Sportsman," 1845; "Letter on Nautical Education," 1841. See Memoir of, by B. P. Poore, in the P., L., and A., July, 1854. Skinner, OTIS AINSWORTH, D.D., Univ. clergyman and author, b. Royal tori, Vt., July 3, 1807 ; d. Napierville, 111., Sept. 18, 1861. At 19 he began teaching school and preaching ; settled in Baltimore in 1831 ; in Haverhiinn 1836 ; over the 5th Society in Boston, Jan. 26. 1837 ; over the Orchard-fit. Society, N.Y. City, in 1846 ; over his old society in Boston from Jan. 1, 1849, to April, 1857, when he settled in El^in, 111. ; Aug. 1857 became pres. of Lom bard U., Galesburg, 111. ; and in Oct. 1858 be came pastor of the society at Joliet, III. In Baltimore he edited a religious paper, the Smith- em Pioneer; in Haverhill, the Gospel Sun; in Boston, the Universalist Miscdlany, a monthly mag. He pub. " Univcrsalism Illustrated and Defended," "Doctrinal Sermons," "Letters on the Knapp Excitement," "Letters to Par ents," and "Family Worship." He was an efficient worker in the cause of temperance, of education, and other reforms. See Life by T. B. Thaycr, 8vo, 1861. Skinner, RICHARD, LL.D. (Midd. Coll. 1817), statesman and jurist, b. Litchfield, Ct., May 30, 1778; d. Manchester, Vt., May 23, 1833. Son of Gen. Timothy. Educated at the Litchf. Law School. Adm. to the bar of Litchfield Co. in 1800, and passed the remain der of his life in Manchester, Vt. He soon be came the ablest lawyer in the State ; was. app. in 1801 State-atty. for Bennington Co. ; was in 1806-12 judge of probate; was M.C. 1813-15 ; app. assoc. judge of the Sup. Court in 1815; chief justice in 1816; in 1818 was elected a mem ber, and subsequently speaker, of the h. of rep resentatives ; gov. in 1820-3 ; and again chief justice in 1824-9. He was an officer of various local benevolent associations, and pres. of the N. E. branch of the Amer. Education Society. Skinner, THOMAS HARVEY, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1826), LL. D. (1855), clergyman, b. Har vey s Neck, N.C., Mar. 7, 179L N. J. Coll. 1809. He began the study of law, but was li censed to preach in Dec. 1812, and ord. June 181 3 as co-pastor of the 2d Presb. Church in Phila. In 1816 he was settled over the 5th (New-School) Presb. Church, Phila. ; in 1832 he became prof, of sacred rhetoric in Andover Theol. Sem. ; in 1835 pastor of the Merccr-st. Presb. Church, N.Y. ; and was in 1848-71 prof, of sacred rhetoric and pastoral theology in the Union Theol. Sem. there. In 1836 he pub. " The Religion of the Bible," " Preach ing and Hearing," and " Hints to Christians," and in 1854 translations of Vinet s "Homi- letics " and " Pastoral Theology." He has also pub. occasional discourses, Reli.cious Life of F. Markoe, " Thoughts on Evangelizing the World," and " Discussions in Theology," 8vo. 1868. Died Feb. 1, 1871. Slack, ELIJAH, M.D., LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1863), Presb. clergyman, b. Bucks Co., PH., 1784; d.Cincin., O., 29 May, 1866. N.J. Coll. 1808. Principal of Trenton Acad. 1808-12; vice-prcs. and prof, of math, and philos. N. J. Coll. 1812-17; removed to Cincin. ; was at one time prof, of chemistry in Ohio Med. Coll. ; in the fall of 1837 removed to Brownsville, Tenn., where he established a high school of 883 SLO great excellence, and returned to Cincin. in 1844 ; pros, of the Coll. of Cincinnati. Slade, WILLIAM, gov. of Vt. 1844-6, b. Cornwall, Vt., May 9, 1786; d. Middlebury, Vt., Jan. 18, 1859. Mid. Coll. 1807. He com menced the practice of law at Middlebury, Vt., in 1810; and in 1814-15 pub. and edited the Columbian Patriot, in connection with booksell ing and job-printing, but was unsuccessful. In 1815-23 he was sec. of state; in 1816-22 judge of Addison Co. court; in 1823-9 was a clerk in the state dept. at Washington ; re sumed the practice of law in Middlebury in 1829; was state s atty. in 1830-1 for Addi son Co.; M.C. in 1831-43; in 1844 was re porter of the Supreme Court of Vt. ; in 1846- r>8 he was sec. of the National Board of popu lar education. In 1823 he pub. the " Vermont State Papers," a valuable compilation. In 1825 he compiled the statutes of Vt. ; and in 1844 the Vermont Reports, vol. xv. He also wrote many pamphlets. Hist. Mag., iii. 95. Slater, SAMUEL, the father of cotton manuf. in the U.S., b. Belpre, Eng., June 9, 1768; d. Webster, Ms., Apr. 20, 1835. The son of a farmer. He received a good education, and served his apprenticeship with Jedediah Strutt, the partner of Arkwright. Having completed his term of service, he sailed for New York, Nov. 13, 1789. In the ensuing Jan. he proceeded to Pawtucket, R.I., where he started in Dec. 1790 the first successful cotton-mill in the U.S. The restrictions of his govt. prevent ed his taking with him any patterns or draw ings ; and he was compelled to rely entirely upon his memory for carrying his plans into effect in all their complicated variety. Not only was he compelled to prepare all the plans in the several departments of the process of manufacturing, but also to construct with his own hands the different kinds of machinery, whether of wood, iron, brass, tin, or leather; or else teach others how to do it. Later in life, Mr. Slater also became interested in the wool len and iron manufactures, and acquired great wealth. A Memoir, by Geo. S. White, was pub. Phila. 8vo, 1836. Slaughter, GABRIEL, gov. of Ky. 1816- 20, b. Va. ab. 1767 ; d. Mercer Co., Ky., Sept. 19, 1830. An early emig. to Ky. ; was a skil ful and successful farmer, and was frequently chosen to the State legisl. At the battle of New Orleans he was col. of a Ky. regt., and received the thanks of the legisl. He was chosen lieut.- gov. ; but, on the death of Gov. Madison, the chief magistracy devolved on him. Sleeper, JOHN SHERBURNE, b. Tyngs- borough, Ms., 21 Sept. 1794. For 22 years a sailor and shipmaster in the merchant-service from Boston ; connected with the N.H. News- Letter, Exeter, 1 831-2 ; the Lowell Daily Jour nal 1833; and editor of the Boston Journal 1834-54; mayor of Roxbury, Ms., 1856-8. Author of " Tales of the Ocean," 1842 ; " Salt water Bubbles," 1854; "Jack in the Fore castle," 1860; "Mark Rowland," 1867; also addresses, &c. Allibom. Slemmer, GEN. ADAM J., b. Montgom ery Co., Pa., ab. 1828; d. Fort Laramie, Ks., Oct. 7, 1868. West Point, 1850. Entering the 1st Art., he was promoted for gallantry in 53 the Seminole war, and was assist, prof, of ethics and mathematics at West Point in 1855- 9. When the Rebellion broke out, he com. a small garrison at Fort McRea ; Jan. 10, 1861, he threw himself into Fort Pickens, which he successfully held until relieved by Col. Brown, thus preserving the key to the Gulf of Mexico ; maj. 16th Inf. May 14, 1861 ; brig.-gen. of vois. Nov. 29, 1862; engaged at the siege of Corinth ; severely wounded in the battle of Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862, and disabled from further active service ; brev. lieut.-col. for gal lant and merit, service in that battle ; lieut.- col. 4th Inf. Feb. 8, 1864; 13 Mar. 1865, brev. col. and brig.-gen. Slidell, JOHN, lawyer and senator, b. N.Y. City ab. 1793 ; d. Lond. July 29, 1871. Col. Coll. 1810. He established himself as a lawyer in N. Orleans, and practised with suc cess. U.S. dist.-atty. in 1829-33; was frequent ly elected to the State legisl., and was M.C. in 1843-5; in 1845 he was app. by Mr. Polk min ister to Mexico; in 1853 was elected to the U.S. senate, and was re-elected in 1859. He spoke rarely, but served on important com mittees, and exerted great influence. He was a strenuous supporter of the doctrines of the Southern-rights party, and after La. had passed the ordinance of secession, in Jan. 1861, he with drew (Feb. 4) from the senate. In the fall of 1861 he was sent as a commiss. to France, to gether with Mr. Mason of Va. Embarking from Havana in the English mail-steamer " Trent," they were both arrested (Nov. 8) by Capt. Wilkes of the U.S. frigate "San Jacinto," and confined in Fort Warren, Boston harbor. Released on the reclamation of the British govt., he sailed for Eng. Jan. 1, 1862, where he resided until his death. Sloan (slon), SAMUEL, architect, b. Chester Co., Pa., 7 Mar. 1815. Establishing himself in Phila., he designed many important edifices, among them the Blockley Hospital for the In sane, Phila., and the State Insane Hospital, Montgomery, Ala. He pub. " Model Architect," 1850-1 ; " City and Suburban Architecture," 1859; "Homestead Architecture," 1860; and " Constructive Architecture," 4to. In 1868 he began the Architectural Review. Thomas. Sloat, JOHN DRAKE, rear-admiral U.S.N., b. New York 1780; d. New Brighton, Staten Island, Nov. 28, 1867. Heentered the navy as sailing-master, Feb. 12, 1800; was honorably discharged in 1801; re-app. Jan. 10, 1812; made lieut. July 24, 1813 ; master com. Mar. 21, 1826 ; capt. Feb. 9, 1837 ; commo. (retired list) July 16, 1862 ; and rear-adm. July, 1866. He was in the action of " The United States " and " Macedonian," Oct. 25, 1812; com. "The Grampus" in 1824-5, and engaged in exter minating the W. India pirates ; and performed his last active service as com. of the Pacific squadron in 1846-52. He was then placed in charge of the Norfolk navy-yard, and subse quently superintended the construction of the Stevens Battery at Hoboken, and the U.S. mail-steamships sailing from New York. Slocum, GEN. HENRY WADSWORTH, b. Syracuse, N.Y., Sept. 24, 1827. West Point, 1852. Entering the 1st Art., he was made 1st lieut. March 3, 1855; resigned Oct. 31, 1856, 834 and settled as a lawyer in Syracuse, haying previously prepared himself for the profession ; col. 27th N.Y. Vols. May 21, 1861 ; he joined McDowell s army when it was about to ad vance ; was assigned to Col. Andrew Porter s brigade, Hunter s division, and at the battle of Bull Run was shot through the thigh ; brig.- gen. vols. Aug. 9, 1861, and assigned a brigade in Franklin s div. ; he was at the battle of West Point, Va. ; took com. of the division upon Gen. Franklin s being assigned to the com. of an army corps, May 15, 1862 ; served at the battle, of Gaincs s Mills, June 27, being ordered to re-enforce Gen. Fitzjohn Porter, then severely pressed by the enemy ; and held the right of the main line at the battle of Glendale, June 30, against superior numbers. He was made maj.-gen. July \ ; took part in the battles of Manassas, South Mountain, and Antietam ; and in Oct. was assigned to command the 12th corps, previously under Gen. Banks. This corps he led at Fredericksburg, Chancellors- ville, and Gettysburg, July 1-4, where he com. the right wing ; was occupied in guarding the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, Sept. 1863-Apr. 1864; com. 20th corps in the At lanta campaign; com. the army of Ga., one of the grand divisions of Sherman s army in the great march through Georgia and the Carolinas, Nov. II, 1864, to June 9, 1865, taking part in the numerous skirmishes and battles of the campaign; resigned 28 Sept. 1865. M.C. from Brooklyn, N.Y., 1869-71. Cullum. Slough, JOHN P., politician, b. Cincinnati, 0., 1829 ; killed at Santa Fe, N.M., Dec. 16, 1867. He practised law in Cincinnati. In 1850 he was elected to the Ohio legisl., from which, as he would not apologize, he was expelled for striking one of the members. In 1 852 he became sec. of the Central Democ. Conv. of Ohio. Soon after this he went to Kansas, and in 1860 to Denver. On the breaking-out of the Rebellion, he raised a company of vols., and assumed com. of Fort Garland. Becom ing col. 1st Colorado Regt., he was sent into New Mexico, and took com. of F*>rt Union ; here he fought his first battle at Pigeon s Ranche, causing the retreat of the Texan troops under Gen. Sibley. The battle was fought in direct opposition to the orders of Gen. Canby, but terminated successfully, and gave him great popularity. Repairing to Washington, he was made a brig.-gen. of vols., and was milit. gov. of Alexandria till the close of the war. App. chief justice of the Terr, of New Mexico, his imperious temper rendered him very unpopular; and a series of resolutions were passed in the legisl., advocating his re moval, which led to a personal encounter with the senator who introduced them, resulting in the death of Mr. Slough. Small, JOHN, a British gen., b. Strathardle, Athole, Scotland, 1726 ; d. Guernsey, March 17, 1796. After serving in the Scotch brigade in the Dutch service, he was commissioned as ensign in the 42d Highlanders, Aug. 29, 1747, and was employed hunting the rebels through the Highlands; in 1756 he was app. lieut. in his old rcgt. on the eve of its departure for America to join the force under Loudon; in 1758 he served under Abcrcrombie in the attack on Ticondcroga, and accornp. Amherst the fol lowing year in his exped. ; in 1760 he went to Montreal ; served in the W. Indies in 1 762 ; and Aug. 6 of that year was made capt. June 14, 1775, he received a commission as maj. to raise a corps of Highlanders in Nova Scotia in aid of the crown. Maj. Small was in the battle of Bunker s Hill, and is a prominent figure in Trumbull s picture. App. maj. com. the 2d batt. of the 84th Royal Emigrants, with a por tion of which he joined the army under Sir H. Clinton at New York in 1779, and in 1780 was app. lieut.-col. of his regt. He became col. Nov. 18, 1790, and in 1793 was app. lieut.- gov. of Guernsey ; maj -gen. Oct. 3, 1794. Smalley, JOHN, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1800), Cong, minister of Berlin, Ct., b. Lebanon, Ct., June 4, 1734; d. June 1, 1820. Y.C. 1756. He studied theology with Dr. Bellamy, and was ord. minister of Berlin, Apr. 19, 1758. He was one of the most eminent of the great divines of New England, and thought and wrote with a logical accuracy and perspicuity that arc seldom surpassed. His celebrated ser mons on " Natural and Moral Inability," pub. in 1760, were repub. in Eng., and also, it is believed, in a German translation. He pub. a sermon on "Eternal Salvation," "None but Believers Saved," &c., "Perfection of Divine Law," and " Evils of a Weak Government ; " also 2 large vols. of sermons, and contrib. to magazines. Small wood, WILLIAM, maj.-gen., b. Md. ; d. there Feb. 14, 1792. He was made a col. in 1776; Aug. 8 arrived at New York at the head of a battalion, composed of men belong ing to the best families of Md., which suffered most severely in the defeat at Long Island, at which Smallwood was not present ; was in the action at White Plains ; made brig.-gen. Oct. 23, 1776 ; and in the summer of 1777 accomp. Gen. Sullivan on his exped. to Staten Island. When the British arrived in the Chesapeake, he was despatched to assemble the militia of the Western Shore of Md,, with about 1,000 of whom he joined the main army, Sept. 28. He led the Md. militia at the battle of German- town ; was made maj.-gen. Sept. 15, 1780, while with Gates at the South, and, after the defeat at Camden, returned to the North, refusing to serve under Baron Steuben, who was his senior officer, and declaring his intention to leave the service unless Congress should cause his com mission to be dated 2 years before his app., a claim justly regarded as absurd. Mem ber of Congress in 1785, and in 1785-8 gov. of Mary land. SmariuS, REV. S. J., R.C. missionary and author, b. Tolburg, Holland, 3 Mar. 18:/3 ; d. Detroit, 2 Mar. 1870. After completing hi.s studies at the U. of North Brabant, he came to the U.S. and joined the Society of Jesus at Florissant, Mo., 13 Nov. 1841. While a prof. of poetry and rhetoric at Cincinnati (184- 3-8), he pub. anonymously many poems of much beauty. Ord. priest in 1849. App. in 1853 pastor of the Church of St. Francis Xavier, St. Louis, he became celebrated for his elo quence and for controversial ability. In 1861 he was detailed for missionary labor, with a SME 835 SM.I large field of operations; and in 1865 visited Europe for his health. His book, "The Points of Controversy," displays learning and ability. Smet, FATHER DE, thirty years a R. C. missionary among the Rocky-Mt. Indians. Author of " Letters and Sketches, and Resi dence in the Rocky Mountains," 1843; " Ore gon Missions and Travels, &c., in 1845-6," 1847; "Western Missions and Missionaries," 1 863 ; " Reisen zu den Felsengebiryen," &c., 1865 ; I). Belgium, 1801 ; d. St. Louis, Mo., May 23, 73. Smibert, or Smybert, JOHN, a Scottish painter, b. Edinburgh ab. 1684; d. Boston, 1751-2. He had studied in Italy. Early in life he went to Lond., where he bad attained a respectable position as a portrait-painter, when he was induced in 1728 to accompany Dean Berkeley to America; and, upon the failure of the benevolent scheme of the latter, he settled in Boston, where in 1730 he m. Mary Wil liams. He painted most of the contemporary worthies of N. England and N. Y., and, accord ing to Dunlap, exercised a considerable influ ence upon Copley, Allston, and Trumbull. The only portrait of Jonathan Edwards is his pro duction. His most celebrated painting is a large piece representing Berkeley and several members of his family, together with the artist himself, on their first landing here. It is now in the possession of Yale Coll. His son NA THANIEL, also a painter, d. aged 21. Smiedel (smee -del), or Schmeidel, Ulrich, a German traveller, b. Straubingen. Was one of the founders of Buenos Ayros ab. 1534. In 1554 he pub. an account of his trav els in Peru and on the Paraguay River. Smilie, JOHN, M.C. 1793-5 and 1799- 1813, b. Ireland, 1741 ; d. Washington, D.C., Dec. 30, 1812. Came to Pa. in 1760; settled in Lancaster Co. ; served during the Revol. in both civil and military capacities, and after ward in the Pa. legislature ; chairman of the com. on foreign relations in Congress. Smillie, GEORGE D., landscape-painter, b. N.Y. City, 29 Dec. 1840. Son of James, the well-known landscape-engraver. He entered the studio of James M. Hart in 1861, and in the autumn of 1862 took a studio and began his artist career. In 1864 his " Sunny-Brook Farm" procured him a membership in the Nat. Acad. His chief pictures are, " The Mountain Side," " A Mountain Ravine," " Meadows at Con way," and the "Bouquet Riv er and Hills from the White Mts. and Adiron- dacks." JAMES D., landscape-painter, bro. of the preceding, b. N.Y. City 1833. Learned the art of engraving of his" father, and was in the employ of the Amer. Bank-Note Co. until 1862, when he visited Europe, and determined to become a painter. He took a studio with his bro. George in 1864 ; became a member of the Nat. Acad. in 1865; and is treas. of the Soc. for the Development of Water-color Painting. Among his pictures is " Ausable Lake," in the Adirondacks. He has been some time engaged upon a series of 22 plates illus trating Bryant s poem "Among the Trees." Smith, ANDREW JACKSON, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Bucks Co., Pa., ab. 1814. West Point, 1838. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he became 1st lieut. 4 Mar. 1845; capt. 16 Feb 1847; maj. 13 May, 1861; 1st Cav. 3 Aug. 1861; lieut.-col. 5th Cav. 9 May, 1864; col. 7th Cav. 28 July, 1866; brig.-gen. vols. 17 Mar. 1862; maj.-gen. vols. 12 May, 1864. He served in the Mexican war 1847-8, in the Oregon hostilities 1855 and 1860; chief of cavalry (dept. of the Mo.) Feb.-Mar. 1862, and (of the Mpi.)Mar.-July, 1862, and engaged at siege of Corinth ; com. division in assault of Chickasaw Bluffs 27-29 Dec. 1862; and at Arkansas Post 11 Jan. 1863; com. div. 13th corps in Vicksburg Campaign, Jan.-July, 1863; com. 6th div. 16th corps, Aug. 1863 to Jan. 1864, 3d div. (same corps) Jan.-Mar. 1864. In Red-river campaign, Mar. -May, 1864, he com. detachments of 16th and 17th corps, and engaged at Fort De Russy, Pleasant Hill, and Cane River; com. right wing 16th corps in Mpi. and Tenn. June-Sept. 1864 ; in opera tions in Mo. during Price s raid, Sept.-Nov. 1864 ; com. detachment of Thomas s army against Hood, Dec. 1864 to Jan. 1865 ; com. 16th corps, Feb.-July, 1865, in Mobile cam paign ; and engaged in siege of Spanish Fort, and occupation of Montgomery; brev. col. 10 Apr. 1864 for Pleasant Hill, La.; brev. brig.- gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for battle of Tupelo, Mis. ; and maj.-gen. for battle of Nashville; resigned May 6, 1869. Cnllum. Smith, ASA DODGE, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1849), LL.D. (U. of N.Y. 1864), pres. of Dartm. Coll. since Oct. 18, 1863, b. Amherst, N.H., Sept. 21, 1804. Dartm. Coll. 1830; And. Sem. 1834. Pastor of the 14th-st. Presb. Ch., N.Y. City, Nov. 2, 1834-Oct. 15, 1863; lectured as prof, of pastoral theol. at the Un. Theol. Sem. 1843-4. He has pub. "Letters to a Young Student," 1838; "Dis course on the Life of Rev. Charles Hall, D.D.," 1854; " Memoir of Mrs. Louisa A. Leavitt," 1843 ; and many sermons and discourses. Smith, AUGUSTUS WILLIAM, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1850), clergyman and teacher, b. New port, Herkimer Co., N.Y., May 12, 1802 ; d. Annapolis, Md., March 26, 1866. Ham. Coll. 1825. His earlier years were passed on a farm. He became a teacher in the Oneida Conf. Sem. at Cazenovia ; was prof, of mathe matics and astronomy inWesKU. 1831-57; and pres. in 1852-9; from 1859 until his d. he was prof, of natural philos. in the U.S. Naval Acad. at Annapolis. He was an excel lent mathematician, and author of some val uable text-books. In 1860 he was one of the corps of astronomers sent by govt. to Labra dor to observe the annular eclipse of the sun. Smith, REV. AZARIAH, M.D., missionarv, b. Manlius, N.Y., Feb. 16, 1817; d. Aintab, June 3, 1851. Y. C. 1837. To improve his usefulness as a missionary, he studied medicine as well as theology. In 1842 he embarked for Western Asia; early in Jan. 1843 arrived at Smyrna, and, during two months of that year, resided at Brusa. He made numerous jour neys into the interior ; was the travelling com panion of Layard ; and subsequently, when the Asiatic cholera raged there, he successfully ad ministered to those afflicted with it. In 1848 he settled at Aintab, about 70 miles north of Aleppo. Author of papers on Meteorology SIVII 836 and Syrian Antiquities, pub. in the American Journal of Science. Smith, BENJAMIN BOSWORTH, D.D., bishop of the Pr.-Epis. diocese of Ky., b. Bris tol, R.L.June 13, 1794. Brown U. 1816: Ord. deacon 1817; priest 1818; consec. bishop Oct. 31, 1832, at N.Y. Edited the Episc. Reg. of Vt. 1827, and Episc. Recorder, Phila. 1829 . Smith, BUCKINGHAM, hist, writer, b. Cum berland Island, Ga., 31 Oct. 1810 ; d. N.Y. City, Jan. 5, 1871. Camb. Law School, 1836. He practised law in Me., where he was a member of the Assembly ; U.S. charge d affaires to Mexico 1850; sec. of legation at Madrid 1853-9; judge of a court, and State senator of Fla. He pub. " Narrative of Cabeca de Vaca," 1851 ; " Letter from De Soto in Fla. of July 9, 1539, with Maps and Notes," 1854 ; " Grammars of the Heve and Sonora Lan guages," 1861-2; "Inquiry into the Authen ticity of Verrazani s Claims of Discovery in the U.S. ,"1864; "Narratives of the Career of De Soto in Fla.," pub. by the Bradford Club ; " Conquest of Florida," translated from the Spanish," 1866; and in Spanish, docu ments relating to the history of Fla., and a geog. descrip. of Sonora, &c. ; also contrib. to Hist. Mag. and to Duyckinck s " Cyclopaedia of American Literature." Smith, CALEB, minister of Orange, N. J., from Nov. 30, 1748, to his d. Oct. 20, 1762 ; b. Brookhaven, L.I., Dec. 29, 1723. Y.C. 1743. Author of a sermon on the death of Rev. Aaron Burr 1757. An "Account of his Life, from his Diary," &c., was pub. 1763. He m. Martha, dau. of Jonathan Dickinson. Sprayne. Smith, CALEB BLOOD, statesman, b. Bos ton, Ms., Apr. 16, 1808 ; d. Indianapolis, Jan. 7, 1864. His parents emig. to Ohio in 1814. He was educated at the Cincinnati and the Miami Colleges. Studied law at Cincinnati and Connersville, Ind. ; adm. to the bar in 1828; began practice at Connersville; estab lished and edited the Sentinel in 1832; was a member of the Ind. h. of representatives in 1833-6 and in 1840 ; speaker of the house in 1835-6 ; and was several years one of the fund commiss. of Ind.; M.C. 1843-9; and one of the commiss. to adjust claims with Mexico, and then resumed practice at Cincinnati. In 1858 he removed to Indianapolis, and practised law, until, in Mar. 1861, app. by Pres. Lincoln sec. of the interior. Dec. 22, 1862, the senate con firmed his nomination as U.S. circuit judge for Ind. ; member of the Peace Congress at Wash ington, Feb. 1861. Smith, CHARLES, bookseller of N.Y. City ; d. 1808, a. 40. Translated for the stage plays of Kotzebue and Schiller, and pub. and edited the Montldy Military Repository, N.Y., 2 vols. 8vo, 1796-7; " Gentleman s Polit. Pocket Almanac," 1797. Smith, CHARLES, LL.D., jurist, b. Phila. 1770 ; d. there Mar. 18, 1836. Son of William, prof, of the U. of Pa. He arranged and pub. the Laws of Pa., 5 vols. 8vo, 1810-12. Smith, GEN. CHARLES FERGUSON, b. Pa. ab. 1805 ; d. Savannah, Tenn., Apr. 25, 1862. Son of Dr. Samuel B. West Point, 1825. Assist, instr. inf. tactics, June, 1829-Sept. 1831 ; adj. West Point, Sept. 1831-Apr. 1838 ; iiutr, inf. tactics, and commandant of cadets, Apr. 1838-Sept. 1842;. capt. 7 July, 1838; brev. major " for gallant conduct in battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma," 9 May, 1846 ; brev. lieut.-col. for gallantry at Monterey, Mex., 23 Sept. 1846 ; brev. col. " for gallantry in battles of Contreras and Churubusco," 20 Aug. 1847 ; major 1st Art. Nov. 25, 1854 ; lieut.-col. 10th Inf. Mar. 3, 1855 ; acting insp.-gen. in Mexico, June, 1848 ; col. 3d Inf. Sept. 9^ 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. Aug. 31, 1861 ; maj.-gen. Mar. 21, 1862. He coin, the Union forces for some time in Ky. ; led a division under Gen. Grant at the capture of Fort Donelson, in which he greatly disting. himself, leading a charge that was decisive of the battle, and was afterward ordered to Savannah, Tenn., where he died of dysentery soon after his arrival. Smith, CHARLES H., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Eastport, Me. Capt. 1st Me. Cav. Sept. 1861; lieut.-col. Mar. 1863; col. June, 1863 ; engaged at Cedar Mountain, Rappahan- nock Station, Second Bull Run, Stonernan s Raid, Aldie, Middleburg, Gettysburg, Bristoe s Station, and Mine Run ; in Sheridan s cav. campaign, May-June, 1864 ; at Todd s Tavern, South Anna, Hawe s Shop, Trevillian s Station, and wounded ; and brev. brig.-gen. for disting. conduct at St. Mary s Church ; com. cav. brigade at Reams s "Station ; com. 3d brig. Gregg s div. Oct. 1864, at Rowantz Creek, Gravelly Run, Boydton Plank Road, Din widdie C.H., Juttersville Station, and the operations ending in the surrender of Lee; brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A. for Sailor s Creek, and brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, services during the war; col. 19th U.S. Inf. 15 Mar. 1869. Henry. Smith, COTTON MATHER, minister of Sharon, Ct., from Aug. 28, 1755, to his d. Nov. 27, 1806; b. Suffield, Ct., 1731. Y.C. 1751. Grandson of Rev. Henry of Wethersfield (1539- 1648). A zealous patriot, and a chaplain in the Re Vol. army in 1775. He pub. 3 single sermons, 1770, 71, 93. Smith, GEN. DANIEL, Revol. patriot, ^nd an early settler of Cumberland, Tenn., b. Fauquier Co., Va. ; d. Sumner Co., Tenn. 16 June, 1818. He filled many public offices ; >vas a conspicuous member of the conv. thatfonred the Tenn. const. ; and was U.S. senator 179^- 9 and 1805-9. He pub. the first map of Tenr ., and a geography of the country, printed by Carey at Phila. ab. 1799. Smith, DANIEL, missionary at Natchez 1816-20, b. Bennington, Vt., 1789 ; d. Louis ville, Ky., 1822. Mid. Coll. 1810 ; And. Theol. Sem. With S. J. Mills he pub. report of their tour west of the Alleghany Mountains, 8vo, 1815. Sprague. Smith, EDMUND KIRBY, gen. C.S.A., b. St. Augustine, Fla., ab. 1825. West Point, 1845. Son of Joseph L. Smith, first presiding judge of the Supreme Court for the eastern district of Fla., formerly a lawyer of Litchfield, Ct. His mother was Frances, dau. of Judge Ephraim Kirby. App. brev. 2d lieut. 5th InE ; disting. at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, May 9, 1846 ; 2d lieut. 7th Inf. Aug. 9 ; won the brevs. of 1st lieut. and capt. for gallantry sivn 837 S:MI at Cerro Gordo (Apr. 18) and Contreras and Churubusco (Aug. 20, 1847); assist, prof, mathematics West Point, Oct. 23, 1849-52; 1st lieut. 9 March, 1851 ; capt. 2d Cav. 3 Mar. 1855; major 31 Jan. 1861; resigned April 6, 1861. He served under Van Dorn in Western Texas ; and was disting. and severely wounded in action with the Comanches, May 13, 1859. App. a brig -gen. Confed. army, he served under Gen. J. E. Johnston in the Army of the Shen- andoah, and brought up the "fresh brigade whose arrival decided the battle of Bull Run in favor of the Confederates, on which occasion he was severely wounded. Sept. 24, 1861, he was in. at Lynchburg, Va., to Miss Cassie Sel- deu, after which he com. the 4th division of the Army of the Potomac. Promoted to maj.- gen., he was ordered immediately after the capture of Fort Donclson, April 8, 1862, to com. the dept. of East Tenn. He led the ad vance of Geii. Bragg into Ky. Aug. 1862 ; was made lieut. -gen. in Oct. ; was in the battle of Murfreesbo rough ; and early in 1863 took com. of the Trans-Mpi. Army, which he surrendered to Gen. Canby 26 May, 1865, at Baton Rouge. He com. the troops in the Red-river campaign of Gen. Banks, and was much occupied in cot ton speculations in 1864-5. Smith, EDWARD DARRELL, M.D. (Phila. Coll. 1800), prof, of chemistry and mineralogy S.C. Coll.; d. near St. Louis, Mo., Aug. 17, 1819. N. J. Coll. 1795. Translator of De- sault s " Surgery," 2 vols. 8vo, 1814. He pub. liumg. Dissertation on the Circulation, 1800. Smith, EDWARD DELAFIELD, lawyer, b. Rochester, N.Y., 8 May, 1826. U. of N.Y. 1846. Son of Dr. Archelaus G., whose grand father emig. from Eng. to Ct. Adm. to the bar in 1848, and began practice in N.Y. City, attaining a high rep. as a mercantile lawyer. U.S. dist.-atty. for N.Y. 1861-5. Author of "Avidte," a poem, 1843; "Destiny," a poem, 1846 ; Reports N.Y. Court of Common Pleas, 1850-8, 4 vols. 8vo, 1855-9. Contrib. to Knick erbocker Magazine, &c. Smith, REV. ELI, D.D., b. Northford, Ct., Sept. 13, 1801 ; d. Beirut, Syria, Jan. 11, 1857. Y. C. 1821; And. Sem. In May, 1826, embarked as a missionary, and took charge of the printing-establishment at Malta. He was afterwards transferred to the mission in Syria. An account of an exploration of Armenia made by him in 1830-1 was pub. 1833 in 2 vols. lie afterwards pub. a coll. of missionary sermons and addresses. In 1838, and again in 1 352, he was the companion and co-adjutor of Prof. Edward Robinson in his extensive and thorough exploration of Palestine. His great knowledge of Arabic enabled him to render im portant service in the production of a new and improved form and font of Arabic type. Ab. 1846 he commenced the great undertaking of preparing a new translation of the Bible into Arabic on which he labored to the close of his life. Smith, ELIAS, preacher and author, found er of the first religious newspaper in the world, b. Lymc, Ct., June 17, 1769; d. Lynn, Ms., June 29, 1846. In early life he taught school, though his own education was scanty ; and in 1790 commenced preaching; ord. at Lee, Ms., Aug. 1792; at Woburn, Nov. 14, 1798, where he remained till Sept. 1801. He afterward preached in various places. Rev. Matthew Hale Smith ("Burleigh") is his son. In 1803 he pub. " The Clergyman s Looking-Glass," and " The History of Anti-Christ ; " in 1805 he began the Christian s Mag., pub. quarterly for two years. He pub. 22 sermons on the Prophe cies, Exeter, 1808. Sept. 1, 1808, he began the Herald of Gospel Liberty. This was the first religious newspaper ever published, having been started 5 years before the Religious Remem brancer of Phila., and 8 years before the Boston . Recorder (Prince s Christian History, 1743-4, was not properly a newspaper) : it was discon tinued in Sept. 1817. Also author of "New- Testament Dictionary," Phila. 1812; essay on "The Eall of Angels and Men," &c., 1812; " Life, Conversion, Preaching, Travels, and Suf ferings of Elias Smith," Portsm. 12mo, 1816; " The Herald of Life and Immortality," 8 Nos. from Jan. 1819 to Oct. 1820, 12mo, Boston; "The American Physician and Family Assist.," 12mo, 1832; " The People s Book," Boston, 1836; "The Age of Enquiry;" "Christian s Pocket. Companion," Exeter/ 1825, &c. Smith, ELIHU HUBBARD, M.D., physi cian, b. Litchfield, Ct., 4 Sept. 1771 ; d. N.Y. City 19 Sept. 1798. Y.C. 1786. He settled in practice in New York in 1 793 ; soon became disting., obtaine da lucrative business, and in 1796 was app. a physician in the N.Y. Hos pital. He was unremitting in his attention to the sufferers by the yellow-fever in 1798, to which he himself fell a victim. He possessed practical talent of a high order, as is evinced by his epistle prefixed to the Amer. edition of Darwin. He pub. " Edwin and Angelina," an opera in 3 acts, 1797; Discourse before the Manumission Society," 1798; Letters to Wni. Buel on the Fever which prevailed in New York in 1795; and in 1793 pub. the first collection ever made of American poetry. He contrib. to the N. Y. Med. Repository papers on Pesti lential Fever in Granada in 1793, Natural His tory of the Elk, and on Pestilential Diseases. Supposed author of "Andre," a 5-act tragedy, 1798. Smith, ELIZABETH OAKES (PRINCE), au thoress, b. Portland, Me. She m. Seba Smith at the age of 16, and about the same time be came an anonymous contrib. of poems to the periodical press. Her husband s pecuniary mis fortunes afterward induced her to make litera ture a profession. Her children, it is said, bear the name of Oaksmith. In 1843 appeared the first considerable coll. of her poetical pieces, entitled "The Sinless Child and Other Po ems," and her contributions of verse to tin, magazines have since been numerous. She is the writer of " The Roman Tribute " and " Ja cob Leisler," tragedies ; " The Western Cap tive " and "Bertha and Lily," novels; " The Lost Angel," 1848, a novel ; " Riches without Wings ; " " Hints on Dress and Beautv ; " " Shadow Land ; " " The Salamander, a legend for Christmas; " and many children s books and miscellaneous works. In 1851 she pub. " Wo man and her Needs," a work devoted to the rights of woman, which Mrs. Smith has often advocated by pen and public addresses. 838 SM:I Smith, ELIZUR GOODRICH, b. Durham, Ct. Y.C. 1822. Cong, minister of Ogdens- burg, N.Y., 1829-31 ; since in the govt. service at Washington for many years. Has pub. " Me moir of C. A. Porter," 1849 ; "Economy of Farming," from the German of Burger, 1842 ; "Jean Marie," 1850; "Winter in Spitsber gen/ from the German of Hildebrandt, 1852 ; " Three Days in Memphis," from the German of Uhleman, 1858 ; and " Corda on Rust and Blight in Grain," 1847. He prepared the U.S. Agric. Reports of 1841-8, and has edit ed and contrib. to a number of periodicals. AUibone. Smith, MRS. EMELINE SHERMAN, wife of James M. Smith of the N.Y. bar, b. New Bal timore, N.Y., 1823. Author of " The Fairy s Search and Other Poems," 1847 ; and " Poems and Ballads," 8vo, 1859. Mrs. Smith has con trib. to the Home Journal, New-Yorker, Ladies Companion, &c. Aliibone. Smith, ETHAN, minister and theol. writer, b. Belchertown, Dec. 19, 1762; d. Aug. 29, 1849. Dartm. Coll. 1790. He was a soldier at West Point at the time of Arnold s treason ; was minister at Haverhill 1792-1800, and at Hopkinton, N.H., from Mar. 12, 1800, to 1818 ; pastor of the church at Hebron, N.Y., in 1818; at Poultney, Vt., from Nov. 21, 1821, to Dec. 1826; at Hanover, Ms., from May 16, 1827, to Jan. 12, 1832; and afterward city missionary at Boston. Besides sermons, he pub. "Disser tation on the Prophecies," " Lectures on Bap tism," " Memoirs of Mrs. Bailey" (1815), "Key to Revelation," and " View of the Hebrews, or the Tribes of Israel in Amer.," 12mo, 1825. Smith, FRANCIS, a British lieut.-gen. ; d. 17 Nov. 1791. Capt, 10th Foot 23 June, 1747 ; maj. 25 Sept. 1758; lieut.-col. Jan. 1762; col. and aide-de-camp to the king 8 Sept. 1775; maj.-gcn. 27 Feb. 1779; lieut.-gen. 25 Sept. 1787. He com. the troops sent 19 April, 1775, to destroy the Amer. stores at Concord, and was wounded in the fight at Lexington ; was made a brig.-gen. in America in 1776 ; and com. a brigade in the battles on Long Island in Aug. 1776. and at Quaker Hill, R.I., in Aug. 1778. Smith, FRANCIS H., mathematician, b. Norfolk, Va., 1812. West Point, 1833. Prof, mathem. Hamp. Sid. Coll. 1837-9; and of Va. Milit. Institute, Lex., Va., 1839-61, and supt. He has pub. with R. T. W. Duke a treatise on Statistical Arithmetic, and is the author of text-books on Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry,a report on Scientific Educa tion in Europe, and of essays on College Re form and Com. -school Education; A.M. of Hump. Sid. Coll. 1838. Joined in the Rebel lion against the U.S. AUibone. Smith, GEORGE WILLIAM., gov. of Va. 1811 ; lost his life at the burning of the Rich mond Theatre, Dec. 26, 1811. Smith, GEORGE W., b. Phila. 1800. N. J. Coll. 1818. Author of " Facts and Arguments in Favor of Railroads/ 8vo, 1824 ; "Defence of the System of Solitary Confinement," 8vo, 1829 ; and of some pamphlets on similar sub jects. AUibone. Smith, GERRIT, philanthropist, b. Utica, N.Y., Mar. 6, 1797. Ham. Coll., N.Y., 1818. His father Peter left him one of the larger! landed estates in the U.S., the management of which has been his principal occupation. In 1853 he was adm. to practice, and subsequently took part in several important trials. lie early joined in the benevolent enterprises of his day, and in 1825 connected himself with the Ainer. Colonization Society, to which ha gave largely for the accomplishment of its objects ; but in 1835 withdrew from it, and joined the American Antislavery Society. He has practically illus trated his opposition to land-monopoly by dis tributing 200,000 acres, partly among insti tutions of learning, but mostly among poor white and black men, in parcels of ab. 50 acres. His largest gifts of money have been in aid of emancipation, and to buy homes for the poor. In 1852 he was a member of Congress. He was long a prominent advocate, with both tongue and pen, of a larger liberty of opinion, and freedom from what he believed the bond age of sect. In 1861 he made some speeches in behalf of a vigorous and uncompromising prosecution of the existing war, and also wrote many articles to this end for the press. He has pub. many speeches and addresses. A. vol. of his speeches in Congress was pub. in 1856, and in 1861 another, entitled " Sermons and Speeches by Gerrit Smith ; " also " Theolo gies/ 8vo, 1866; "Nature the Base of a Free Theology," 1867 ; "Religion of Reason," 1864. Died Dec. 28, 1 874. Smith, GOLDWIN, LL.D., b. Reading, Eng., 1823. Son of a physician. Educated at Ox ford, where he was a tutor, and in 1858-66 prof. of modern history. He was called to the bar in 1847, but, disinclined to the profession, he became sec. of the Oxford commission, and in 1859 a member of the education commission ; in 1868 he became prof, of history at Cornell U., N.Y., delivering his first lecture there Nov. 17. He has pub. some historical works, in cluding " Lectures on Modern History " and "Three English Statesman," and during the Rebellion aided the Union cause by his forcible tract on Slavery and his letter on Southern Independence. Also author of " Speeches and Letters on the Rebellion," 1863-5, 2 vols. 8vo ; " The Civil War in America," an ad dress, 1866. Smith, GEN. GILES A., b. N.Y. Col. 8th Mo. Inf. 1862; com. brig. 2d div. 13th corps, Dec. 1862; in capture of Ark. Post 11 Jan. 1863; Yazoo-Pass exped. 19-26 March, 1863; in the assaults on Vicksburg 19 and 22 May ; disting. and wounded at Lookout Mountain ; brig.-gen. 4 Aug. 1863; com. div. in 17th corps in subsequent operations of Sherman, includ ing the campaign of Atlanta, march to the sea, and camp, of the Carolinas. Brev. maj.-gcn, 1865. Smith, GEN. GREEN CLAY, b. Richmond, Ky., July 2, 1830. Transylv. U. 1849. Son of John Speed Smith. At 15 he volunteered as a private in the Mexican war, and became lieut. 1st Ky. Cav., serving one year. He studied law ; practised in Madison Co. until 1859, when he moved to Covington ; school-commissioner 1853-7 ; a member of the Ky. legisl. 1861, he was a most decided adherent of the govt. ; app. col. 4th Ky. Cav. Feb. 1862 ; served under Gen, 839 SMI Dumont; was wounded at Lebanon, Tenn. ; made brig.-gen. vols, June 11, 1862; resigned Dec. 1, 1863, having been in some 50 engage ments. M.C. 1863-6; delcg. to the Baltimore Convention 1864; app. gov. Montana 1866. Smith, GEN. GUSTAVUS WOODSON, b. Scott Co., Ky., ab. 1820. West Point, 1842. Assist, prof. engr. West Point, Aug. 31, 1844, to Sept. 24, 1846, and Nov. 1, 1849-54; 2d lieut engrs. Jan. 1, 1845; brev. 1st lieut. for gal lantry at Cerro Gordo Apr. 18, and capt. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco Aug. 20, 1847 ; com. of sappers, miners, and pon- toniers from Mar. 10, 1847, to May 22, 1848; 1st lieut. Mar. 3, 1853; and resigned Dec. 18, 1 854, in order to join a projected cxped. against Cuba under Gen. Quitinan. Smith is said to have received from the Cuban fund $10,000 in consideration of resigning his commiss. to take part in this enterprise. After its failure, he was for a time employed in the iron-works of Cooper & Hewitt, at Trenton, N. J., but in 1858 was app. street-commissioner of N.Y. City. This he resigned in Aug. 1861, having previously joined the Confed. army by way of Ky., with his friend and official dep. Mansfield Lovell ;. was at once made a maj.-gen., and served in Va. ; at the battle of Fair Oaks he succeeded to the command after Gen. J. E. Johnston was wounded; in Dec. 1862 he com. at Petersburg ; in 1 864 at Augusta, Ga. ; and was made pris oner at Macon, 21 Apr. 1865, by Gen. Wilson. Smith, HENRY BOYNTON, D.D. (U. of Vt. 1850), LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1869), clergyman and author, b. Portland, Me., Nov. 21, 1815. Bowd. Coll. 1834 ; tutor there in 1836-7 and 1840-1. He studied theology at An (lover and Bangor, and afterward at Halle and Berlin ; was pastor of the W. Amesbury, Ms., Cong. ch. in 1842- 7 ; was prof, of mental and moral philos. in Amh. Coll. in 1847-50; of church history in the Union Theol. Sem., N.Y., in 1850-5 ; and, since then, of systematic theol. there. He re vised and edited Gieseler s " Church History (1849-57) in 1859; pub. "The History of the Church of Christ, in Chronological Tables," in 1860; a "Memorial of Anson G. Phelps; " in 1860-2 a revised edition of Hagenbach s "His tory of Christian Doctrines," with valuable additions; "Report on Religion in the U.S.," made to the Evang. Alliance, Oct. 1867; and " The Re-union of the Presbyterian Churches," 8vo, 1867. Many years a contrib. to religious periodicals, and for some years edited the Arner. Thf-ol. Review. Has pub. many addresses and sermons, and contrib. to the " New Arner. Cyclopaedia " articles on Calvin, Hegel, and the Reformed Church; d. Feb. 7, 1877. Smith, HENRY H., M.D. (U. of Phila. 1837), prof, of surgery U. of Pa. 1855, surgeon- gen, of the State "1661, b. Phila. 1818. After spending 4 years in the hospitals of Paris and Phila., he settled in practice in Phila. Author of "Minor Surgery," 1843; " Anatomical At las," 8vo, 1844; "Operative Surgery," 8vo, 1854 ; " Treatment of Fractures," 1855 ; "Pro fessional Visit to Lond. and Paris," 8vo, 1855; Lectures on Surgery," 1855; "Practice of Surgery," 8vo, 1856; "Principles and Prac tice of Surgery," 8vo, 2 vols. 1863; "Influ ence of the" Alumni of the U. of Pa./ 8vo ; translator of Civiale on " Stone and Gravel," 8vo, 1841 ; editor of Homer s "U.S. Dissect or," Thompson s " Dictionary of Surgery and Dom. Med.," and contrib. to medical journals. Allibone. Smith, HORACE WEMYSS, son of Richard Penn, b. Phila. 1825. Has pub. "Nuts for Future Historians to Crack," 8vo, 1856 ; " Works of Richard Penn Smith," 1856 ; " Yorktown Orderly-Book," 1865; poems in Godey s and Graham s Magazines ; and is pre paring " Patriotic Songs of America," and " Life of Wm. Smith, D.D./ 4 vols. 8vo. Allibone. Smith, ISAAC, Revol. patriot; d. Trenton N. J., Aug. 29, 1807, a. 71. N. J. Coll. 1755, and a tutor there. Commenced the practice of physic, and from the beginning of the Revol. was disting. for his patriotic services. In 1776 he com. a regt., and, soon after the termination of the struggle, received the app. of judge of the Supreme Court of N. J., which post he held 18 years. M.C. in 17957, and was app. by Pres. Washington in the latter year a coin- miss, to treat with the Seneca Indians. Pres. of the Bank of Trenton at the time of his death. Portfolio, i. 135. Smith, ISRAEL, Gov. of Vt. 1807-8, b. Suffield, Ct., Apr. 4, 1759; d. Rutland, Vt., Dec. 2, 1810. Y.C. 1781. He practised law at Rupert, Vt. ; was soon after elected to the Assembly ; in 1789 he was one of the commiss. app. to determine the boundary controversy with N.Y., and was active in procuring the admission of Vt. into the Union. M.C. in 1791-7 and 1801-3. Removed to Rutland; was again a representative ; was chief justice of the Supreme Court in 1797 ; and was U.S. senator in 1803-7. Member of the convention that adopted the Federal Constitution in 1791. Smith, COL. JAMES, a signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Ireland ab. 1720; d. July 11, 1806, York, Pa. His father, whom he had ac- comp. to America in 1729, was a farmer on the Susquehanna. James, the second son, was educated at the Coll. of Phila., studied law, was adm. to the bar, and settled near Shippens- burg as a lawyer and surveyor, but afterwards removed to York where he continued the prac tice of his profession during the remainder of his life. In 1774 he raised the first vol. com pany in the State for the purpose of resisting Great Britain ; and was a member of the con vention to consider the expediency of abstain ing from importing any goods from Eng., and also of assembling a General Congress. At this meeting he was one of the com. to prepare instructions for the representatives; and these "instructions," together with Smith s "Essay on the Constitutional Power of Great Britain over the Colonies in America," gave the first strong impulse to the cause of the Revolution in that region. Member of the Pa. conv. of Jan. 1775 ; was also a member of the Prov. Conf. which assembled on the 18th of June ensuing to form a new govt. for Pa., and seconded the resolution moved by Dr. Rush in favor of a decl. of indep. It was unanimously adopted, signed by the members, and presented to Con gress a few days only before the Decl. of Indep. July 15, a convention, of which Col. Smith was a member, was assembled iu Phila. for the pur 840 pose of forming a new constitution for the State ; on the 20th of the same month he was elected a member of Congress, and remained in that body until Nov. 1778; in 1780 he was member of the Gen. Assembly of Pa. He was a man of great wit, and possessed of an original species of drollery, which was heightened by an uncouthness of gesture, a certain ludicrous cast of countenance, and a drawling mode of utterance. Smith, COL. JAMES, pioneer, b. Franklin Co., Pa., 1737; d. Washington Co., Ky., 1812. At 18 he was taken by the Indians and adopted by them, but escaped in 1759. His subsequent a:lvemures as a leader of the Blackboys in 1763 and 65, his service as a lieut. in Bouquet s exped. in 1764, his exploring excursion into Southern Ky. in 1766, and his services in the Revol. war, in which he held the rank of col., are detailed in his "Remarkable Occurrences in the Life and Travels of Col. James Smith," Lexington, Ky., 1799. He settled in Cane Ridge, near Paris, Ky., in 1788; was a member of the conv. at Danville ; and afterward repre sented Bourbon Co. in the Gen. Assembly of the State. He is the author of " Shakerism Developed " and " Shakerism Detected," and in 1812 of " A Treatise on the Mode and Man ner of Indian War," Paris, Ky. His Narrative, edited by Wm. M. Darlington, was repub. at Cincinnati in 1870. Smith, JAMES Y., gov. of R.I. 1863-5, b. Groton, Ct., 15 Sept. 1809. At 17 he removed to Providence, and engaged in the lumber busi ness ; and in 1838 embarked in the cotton man ufacture at Willimantic, Ct., and at Woonsock- et, R.I., and acquired wealth. Member of the R.I. legisl.in 1843, and several times re-elected; mayor of Providence in 1855-7; and as gov. of the State was an efficient supporter of the Union causo, and a large contrib. from his own means; d. Providence, Mar. 26, 1876. Smith, JEREMIAH, LL.D. (H.U. 1807), scholar and jurist, b. Peterborough, N.H., 29 Nov. 1759; d. Dover, Sept. 21, 1842. Rutg. Coll. 1780. He early attained distinction at the bar, and as a general scholar had few equals. M.C. in 1791-7 ; was app. in 1801, by Adams, judge of the U.S. Circuit Court, but did not fill the office; was in 1809-10 gov. of N.H.; and during several years was chief justice of the State Superior Court. His acquaintance with books was extensive, and his literary taste remarkably correct and pure. He was a patron and friend of Daniel Webster. He published "Sketch of Judge Caleb Ellis," Haverhill, May 21, 1816. See Memoir by J. H, Morrison. Smith, JEROME VAN CROWNINSHIELD, M.I). ( Wins. Coll. 1822), physician and author, b. Conway, ^.H., July 20, 1800. B.U. 1818. He was the son of a physician. He was prof, of anatomv and physiology, and subsequently prof, of anatomy, in N.Y. 13th-st. Med. Coll. Dr. Smith estab. the Boston Med. Intelligencer, conducting it through more than 40 vols. ; edited the Boston Weekly News-Letter, 2 vols. 8vo, 1825-6; pub. anonymously a History of the American Indians, and a practical treatise on the Honey-Bee ; edited 6 vols. scientific tracts, Memoirs of Jackson, American Medical Pock- ut-Book; contributed materially to Bovven s Picture of Boston, and the Boston Almanac One of his best works is on the " Natural History of the Fishes of Ms.," 1833. He has also pub. a class-book of anatomy ; " Pilgrimage to Egypt," 1852 ; " Turkey and the Turks/ 1852 ;"" Mechanism of the Eye ;"" Pilgrim age to Palestine," 1851 ; editor Medical World, 1857, 2 vols. 8vo. He was port-physician of Boston in 1826-49, member of the" legisl. in 1837 and 48, and mayor of Boston 1854. Smith, CAPT. JOHN, founder of Virginia, b. Willonghby, Lincolnshire, Eng. ; baptized 6 Jan., 1579-80; d. Lond.21 June, 1631. Son of George, who d. ab. 1593. His parents sent him to the free schools of Alford and Louth. For a short time he was in a counting-house at Lynn; but with 10 shillings, furnished by his friends, as he says, " to get rid of him," he went with a son of Lord Willoughby to France ; served in the Low-Country wars 4 years, and then returned home. His love of adventure took him a second time to the Low Countries, where he determined to join the armies fighting the Turks. In 1601 he joined the army of Baron Kissell, which was endeav oring to relieve the garrison of a Transvlvanian town besieged by 20,000 Turks. Smith con trived to open communication with the be sieged. A combined assault was successful ; and he was rewarded with the command of 250 horse under Count Meldritch. In a subsequent combat he was severely wounded ; and in an other siege he successively slew 3 Turks in single combat. For his exploits he was made a major, and received from the Prince of Tran sylvania a patent of nobility and a pension of 300 ducats. Later in the war, he was wounded, captured, and sent a slave to Constantinople- Having killed his master, who had grossly in sulted him, he fled, attired in his master s clothes, and, after many adventures, reached Eng. ab. 1604. Smith next embarked in New port s exped. to Va., which sailed Dec. 19, 1606. Incurring the enmity of some of his associates, he was charged with conspiracy, and kept pris oner during the remainder of the voyage. After landing, although Smith was named one of the council, he was excluded on the charge of sedition. Notwithstanding all this, he devoted himself to the interests of the Colony. Along with Newport, he headed a party sent to dis cover the source of the James. Strong in the affections of the colonists, and in his innocence, he demanded a trial, which resulted in his triumphant acquittal, and his taking his place in the council. Ratcliff succeeded the deposed Wingfield as pres. ; but Smith became the real head of the Colony, and to his almost unaided efforts the salvation of the infant settlement was owing. He set about the building of Jamestown, and made frequeat excursions into the country for corn. He prevented the escape of Wingfield, Kendall, and other malecon tents to Eng. by a resort to arms. He states that in one of his expeds. he was taken by the Indians, and that his life was saved through the interfer ence of Pocahontas. This story is now general ly disbelieved. (See Charles Dearie s In trod, to Smith s " True Relation.") In June-July, 1608, Smith made a survey of Chesapeake Bay as far as the mouth of the Patapsco. Ho again 841 explored the bay, returning Sept. 7 ; having sailed 3,000 miles, and from his surveys con structed an accurate map, still extant. Sept. 10 he was inaug. pres. of the Colony. The men were regularly drilled in military exercises ; and buildings were repaired or erected. Every man was obliged to labor 6 hours a day. In order to prevent an apprehended deficiency of corn, he made an ineffectual attempt to seize the person of Powhatan. In this enterprise he encountered great peril, and was nearly poisoned. Having been severely burned by the explosion of a bag of gunpowder, and feeling the need of surgical skill, and tired of strug gling with malicious enemies, he returned to Eng. in the autumn of 1609. In Mar. 1614 he sailed from Lond. with 2 ships for trade and discovery in N. England. He returned in August, and gave to Prince Charles a map of the country between the Penobscot and Cape Cod. In March, 1615, he sailed again, intend ing a permanent settlement, but was taken by a French man-of-war, and carried to Rochelle, but escaped from the ship, and returned to Eng. While on board this ship, which was really a pirate, he wrote an account of his voy ages to N. Eng., which was pub. in 1616; and he distributed the work in the west of Eng. himself. The Plymouth Company created him admiral of New Eng. He passed the rest of his life in Eng. Smith spared neither time nor labor to advance the colonization of America. His was an enthusiastic, determined, and un compromising spirit ; and this made him many enemies. Author of "A True Relation of Va.," 1608, repub. with introd. and notes by Charles Deane, Boston, 1866 ; " Map of Va.," &c., 1612; "N. England s Trials," &c., 1620: "Pathway to Experience," 1626; a "Sea Grammar," 1627 ; " The Generall Historic of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles," 1624 ; " The True Travels, Adventures, and Observations of Capt. John Smith in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, from 1593 to 1629," 1630 (both reprinted at Richmond in 1819) ; "Advertisements for the Unexperienced Planters of New England," 1631. See Smith s Life in Sparks s Amer. Bior/. "Smith, JOHN, D.D. (B.U. 1803), prof, of languages at Dartm. Coll. from 1778 to his death, Apr. 30, 1809, b. Rowley, Ms., Dec. 21, 1752. Dartm. Coll. 1773. Tutor 1774-8. He was a preacher as well as a linguist ; pub. ser mons, also Hebrew, Greek, and Latin gram mars. Associate pastor of the Presb. Ch. at Dartm. Coll. from Nov. 1772 to Sept. 5, 1787, and sole pastor from that time till his d. Susan, his widow, author of a Memoir of her husband in 1843, d. 1845, a. 82. Smith, JOHN, capt. U.S.N.; d. Phila. 6 Aug. 1815 ; lieut. 8 Mar. 1798 ; com. 25 May, 1804; capt. 24 Dec. 1811; com. the brig. " Vixen," in the squadron of Com. Preble in the attacks on Tripoli in 1804. Smith, JOHN AUGUSTINE, M.D., lecturer on anatomy in the Coll. of Phys. and Sur geons, N.Y., and pres. of Win. and Mary Coll. 1814-26 (grad. there 1800). Author of "Irtrod. Discourse, New Med. Coll., Crosby St., N.Y.," 1S37 ; "Functions of the Nervous System," 1840 ; "Mutations of the Earth," 1846; " Monograph upon the Moral Sense," 1847; "Moral and Physical Science," 1853. Dr. S. edited the-ZV. Y. Med. and Plvis. Jour. ISOQ.Allibone. Smith, JOHN BLAIR, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1795), an eloquent preacher, b. Pequea, Pa., June 12, 1756 ; d. Phila. Aug. 22, 1799. N. J. Coll. 1773. Son of Robert, D.D., and studied theology with a bro., Samuel Stanhope, then pres. of Hampden-Sid. Coll.; and in 1779 suc ceeded him in that position. He became cele brated as a preacher in the Valley of Va. Dr. Alexander thus pictures him in the midst of the revival-scenes of his time : "In person he was about the middle size ; his hair was un commonly black, and was divided on the top, and fell down on each side of the face ; a large blue eye, of open expression, was so piercing, that it was common to say Dr. Smith looked you through." In Dec. 1791 he was called to the Third Presb. Church, Phila., and thence to the presidency of Un. Coll. upon its foundation in 1795; but in May, 1799, returned to his former charge in Phila., where he soon after died of the epidemic then raging. Sprague. Smith, JOHN COTTON, LL.D., scholar and statesman, b. Sharon, Ct., Feb. 12, 1765; d. there Dec. 7, 1845. Y.C. 1783. Son of Rev. Cotton Mather Smith, a descendant of Rev. John Cotton and Rev. Richard Mather. Adm. to practice at the Litchfield Co. bar in 1786; was in 1793 and in 1796-1800 a mem ber of the lower house, of which he was clerk in 1799, and speaker in 1800 ; M.C. in 1800-6 ; he devoted himself to agricultural and literary pursuits, at the same time representing his na tive town in the State legisl. till 1809, when he was chosen a member of the council ; was nominated to the bench of the Supreme Court in Oct. 1809; was made lieut.-gov. before the second term of the court ; and was gov. in 1813-18. Member of the Society of Northern Antiquarians in Copenhagen, as also of the Ct. and Ms. Hist. Societies ; pres. Ct. State Bible Society, American Board for Foreign Missions, and, lastly, of the American Bible Society. In the celebrated discussion on the Judiciary in 1801, he presided over the com. of the whole. Gov. Smith was for several years an occasional contrib. to various "scien tific and literary periodicals. See Eu/ogi/ bu Rev. W. W. Andrews before the Ct. Hist. Soc., 12mo, N.Y. 1847. Smith, JOHN E., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. Aide-de-camp to Gov. Yates of 111. Apr. 1861; col. 45th 111. Vols. July, 1861. Engaged at capture of Forts Henry and Don- elson, battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth ; brig.- gen. U.S. Vols. Nov. 29, 1862; com. 8th div. 16th army corps, Dec. 1862 ; engaged at Ya- zoo Pass, Fort Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hill, and Big Black River ; com. 1st div. 17th corps, June, 1863 ; transferred to 15th corps, Sept. 1863 ; engaged at Vicksburg, Mission. Ridge, Atlanta campaign, May to Sept. 1864 ; Sherman s Georgia and Carolina campaign, Nov. 1864 to Apr. 1865 ; and bat tle of Bentonville, N.C. ; col. 28 July, 1866 ; transf. to 14th Inf. 20 Dec. 1870; brev. brig, for siege of Vicksburg, and maj.-gen. U.S.A. for capture of Savannah. Henry. 842 SMI Smith, JOHN GREGORY, gov. Vt. 1863-5, b. St. Allmn s, 22 July, 1818. U. of Vt. 1838. N. Haven Law School. Son of John, a lawyer and M.C., with whom he began practice in 1841, and whom, on his d. in 1858, he succeed ed as chancellor. Active in railroad interests of Vt., and made pros. N. Pacific Railroad in 1866 ; member Vt. senate 1858, 59 ; rep. 1860- 2, and speaker in 1862. An active supporter of the Union cause during the civil war. Smith, JOHN JAY, great-grandson of James Logan, b. Burlington Co., N.J., June 16, 1798. In 1829-51 librarian of the Fhila. and Logani- an Libraries. Author of" A Summer s Jaunt," 2vols. 1846; "Amer. Hist, and Lit, Curiosities," 1861 ; "Notes for a Hist, of the Phila. Library Co.," 1831 ; " Guide to Laurel-hill Cemetery," 1844 ; Lives of Franklin, Kitten house, Keaton, Montgomery, and A. Washington, in National Port. Gallery. Editor of a number of works, of the Saturday Bulletin, 1830-2 ; Daily Express, 1832 ; Waldie s Select Library, \ 833-49 ; Wai- die s Portfolio, 2 vols. 4to ; Smith s Weekly Vol., 1845-6, 3 vols. ; Walsh s National Gazette; and Downing s Horticulturist, 1855-60, &c. Alli- bone. Smith, JOHN SPEED, b. Jessamine Co., Ky., July 31, 1792; d. Madison Co., Ky., June 6, 1854. He served under Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe, and was his aide at the battle of the Thames, 5 Oct. 1813. In 1819, 1827, and several subsequent years, he was a member of the State legisl., and speaker in 1827 ; M.C. 1821-3 ; U.S. atty. for the dist. of Ky. under President Jackson ; at one time a commiss. to the legisl. of Ohio ; and for sev eral years supt. of public works in Kentucky. Smith, JONATHAN BAYARD, member Old Congress 1777-8, b. Phila. 1741; d. there June 16, 1812. N. J. Coll. 1760. His father was of Boston. He became a successful mer chant of Phila. ; com. a company of militia at Princeton ; many years judge of C.C.P. ; and a trustee of N. J. and Pa. Colleges. Smith, JOSEPH, founder of Mormonism, b. Sharon, Vt., 1805 ; murdered at Carthage, 111., June 27, 1844. In his youth his parents re moved to Palmyra, N.Y. Here he pub. in 1830 " The Book of Mormon, an Account written by the Hand of Mormon upon Plates taken from the Plates of Nephi." Smith professed to have translated this English version from the original plates (discovered to him by an gels), Oliver Cowdery acting as his scribe. This "divine revelation" is a corrupt version of a religious romance (" The Manuscript Found ") by Solomon Spaulding, written in 1809, and left in MS. by him. The "Late Revelations " are in a vol. entitled " Doctrines and Covenants of the Latter-day Saints." Having made some converts, he removed with them to Kirt- land, 0., in 1831, and afterward to Independ ence, Mo., whence they were expelled in 1 838. They then founded in Illinois the town of Nau- voo, where they began to build a great temple in 1841. Smith amassed a large fortune, took the title of Heut.-gen. and pres. of the church, and exercised absolute authority over the " saints." Popular indignation having been aroused by his acts, he was arrested, and con fined in jail at Carthage. The jail was broken into by a mob, and Smith was killed. Set Aatob. of Joseph Smith; J. B. Turner s Life of Joseph Smith. Smith, JOSEPH, D.D., Pres. clergyman and educator, b. Westmoreland Co., Pa., July 15, 1796; d. Greensburg, Pa., Doc. 4, 1868. Jeff. Coll., Pa., 1815 ; Princet. Theol. Sem. 1819. Licensed to preach in 1819, he labored in Va., and was principal of an acad. at Staunton ; in 1832 he took charge of the church and a large acad. at Frederick City, Md. ; was afterward pres. of Franklin Coll., New Athens, O. ; re signed on account of his conservative view of slavery ; resumed his pastoral charge at Fred erick City, and was pres. of the coll. newly or ganized there. In 1847 he became gen. agent for the synods embracing W. Pa., N. W. Va., and E. Ohio. Subsequently he held pastoral charges in Roundhill, Pa., and Greensburg. Author of "Old Redstone, being Historical Sketches of Western Presbyterianism," &c., 8vo, 1853; "History of Jefferson Coll.," &c., 1857. Smith, JOSEPH, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Han over, Ms., Mar. 30, 1790. Midshipm. Jan. 16, 1809 ; lieut. July 24, 1813 ; com. Mar. 3, 1827; capt. Feb. 9, 1837; rear-adm. (retired list) July 16, 1862. Lieut. Smith was disting. and wounded in MacDonough s victory on Lake Champlain, Sept. II, 1814 ; and was at the cap ture of Algerine vessels, 1815. He com. ship- of-the-line " Ohio," Medit. squad., 1840 ; Medit. squad. 1843-5 ; chief of bureau of yards and docks 1847-69. One of his sons was killed in the frigate " Congress " when destroyed by the " Merrimack," near Fortress Monroe, Mar 1862; another, Capt. ALBERT N., U.S.N., chief of bureau of equipment, d. Sept. 8, 1866,33. 43. Adm. Smith d. Wash. D.C.Jan. 17, 1877. Smith, JOSEPH MATHER, M.D. (Coll. Ph. and Surg. 1815), physician and med. writer, b. New Rochelle, N.Y., March 14, 1789 ; d. N.Y. City, Apr. 22, 1866. His father Dr. Matson Smith was an eminent physician of Wetches- ter Co., and his mother a descendant of the fa mous Mathers of Ms. He studied medicine ; was licensed to practise in May, 1811; and set tled in New York. He aided in founding the Medico-Physiological Society, and contrib. to the first vol. of its Transactions, in 1817, a paper on the "Efficacy of Emetics in Spasmodic Dis eases." From June, 1820, to April, 1824, he was visiting-physician to the N.Y State Prison. In 1824 he pub. " Elements of the Etiology and Philosophy of Epidemics." App. in 1826 to the chair of theory and practice of physic in the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, which he filled near 30 years ; in 1855 he was transferred to the chair of matcria medica ; in 1 829 he was app. visiting-physician of the N.Y. Hospital. He was a frequent contrib. to the med. periodi cals, and in 1828 became an editor of the N.Y. Med. and Phys. Journal; in 1831 he delivered an address on the " Epidemic Cholera of Asia and Europe," afterward pub.; in 1854 he was elected pres. of the N.Y. Acad. of Med. ; in 1 860 he read before the Amcr. Med. Assoc. an admirable report on the Medical Topography and Epidemics of the State of N.Y. Among 1 his essays are " The Public Duties of Medical Men," 1846 ; " The Influence of Diseases on the SJVXI 843 SMI Intellectual and Moral Powers/ 1848 ; "Re port on Practical Medicine ; " " Report on Public Hygiene," 1850; "Illustrations of Men tal Phenomena in Military Life/ 1850 ; " Puer peral Fever," 1857 ; " Therapeutics of Albu- minaria," 1862. Smith, JOSEPH R., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Sandy Hill, Wash. Co., N.Y., 1802; d. Monroe/ Mich., Sept. 3, 1868. West Point, 1823. Adj. Sept. 1835 to 1838 ; capt. 26 Apr. 1838 ; brev. maj. and lieut.-col. for gallantry in battles of Cerro Gordo, Contreras, and Churu- busco, Aug. 20, 1847, twice wounded in the latter; maj. 7th Inf. June 11, 1851 ; retired 25 Sept. 1861. Brev. brig.-gen. 9 Apr. 1865. Outturn, Smith, JOSHUA HETT, notorious for his complicity in Arnold s treason, and at whose house, near Stony Point, Arnold and Andre held their interviews; d. N.Y. 1818. He was tried by a military court for his connection with this affair, and acquitted; but, being sub sequently imprisoned by the civil authorities, escaped to New York, disguised in a woman s dress. Bro. of Chief Justice William Smith, and a man of considerable influence ; counsel- lor-at-law ; and a member of the convention of the State of N.Y. 1775. At the close of the war he went to Eng. In 1808 he pub. in Lon don "An Authentic Narrative of the Causes which led to the Death of Major Andre," a book held in slight estimation. Smith, JOSIAH, clergyman, b. Charleston, S.C., 1704; d. Phila. Oct. 1781 while a pris oner of war, taken at Charleston. H.U. 1725. Grandson of Gov. Thomas ; ord. minister for Bermuda, July 11, 1726 ; afterward of Cainhoy and of the Presb. church at Charleston. He maintained in 1730 a learned disputation with Hugh Fisher on the right of private judgment. He pub. a vol. of sermons, 8vo, 1752, and a number of occasional discourses. Smith, JUNIUS, LL. D. (Y. Coll. 1840), pioneer of ocean steam-navigation, b. Plym outh, Ct., Oct. 2, 1780; d. Astoria, N.Y., Jan. 23, 1853. Y. C. 1802. Son of Gen. David. He studied at the Litchfield Law School ; in 1803 delivered the annual oration before the Cincinnati of Ct. ; practised at the New-Haven bar until 1805, when he was employed to prose cute a claim against the British govt. for a large amount in the Admiralty Court of Lond., upon the successful termination of which he embarked in commercial pursuits with Amer ica, and conducted a prosperous business for many years. In 1832 he engaged in the pro ject of endeavoring to secure the navigation of the Atlantic Ocean with steamships ; pub. a prospectus pressing the enterprise upon the public mind ; established in 1836 the British and Amer. Steam-Navigation Company ; and in the spring of 1838 the feasibility of the pro ject was proved by the crossing of the small steamer " Sirius." Foiled, from various causes, in his anticipations of advantage from this pro ject, after years of effort, he endeavored to introduce the tea-plant, purchased an extensive plantation in Greenville, S.C., and was engaged in this enterprise when he was assaulted, and received a fracture of the skull from which he never recovered. Smith, LYNDON ARNOLD, M.D., phj sician, b. Haverhill, N.H., Nov. 11, 1795; d. Newark, N.J., Dec. 15, 1865. Dartm. Coll. 1817. Ha grad. M.D. at Dartm. and Wms. Med. Colleges in 1823 ; began practice at Williamstown, Ms., in Mar. 1823; and in July, 1827, settled per manently at Newark. He was made a fellow of the N.Y. College of Phys. and Surgeons in 1843, member of the Amer. Scientific Assoc. in 1855, vice-pres. of the Am. Med. Assoc. in 1859, and pres. of the N. J. Med. Society. He pub. many articles in medical journals and other periodicals, and a treatise on " The Epidemics of New Jersey." He was primo mover in establishing the lunatic asylum of New Jersey. Smith, MARCUS, comedian, b. N. Orleans, Jan. 7, 1829. Son of Sol. Smith. Made his de but Nov. 11, 1849, at the St. Charles, N. Or leans, as Diggory in " Family Jars ; " at Phila., at the National, Aug. 31, 18*57, as Bramble in " The Poor Gentleman." Afterward played in the leading theatres ; was a successful star, and was long a favorite at Wallack s. Lessee of the N.Y. Theatre in 1866. Performed in 1871 at St. James Theatre, London. A care ful and reliable actor ; d. Paris, Aug. 11, 1874. Smith, MARGARET, b. Phila. 1778 ; d. Washington, D.C., 1844. Dau. of Col. John Bayard. She m. Samuel Harrison Smith 1 800. Author of " A Winter in Washington," 2 vols. 1827 ; " What is Gentility?" 1830 ; and tales in " The Lady s Book " and South. Lit. Messen ger. Mrs. Hole s Woman s Record. Smith, GEN. MARTIN LUTHER, b. New York 1819 ; d. Rome, Ga., July 29, 1866. West Point, 1842. Entering the topog. engi neers, he became 2d lieut. Nov. 1, 1843 ; brev. 1st lieut. for meritorious conduct during the Mexican war; 1st lieut. Mar. 1853; capt. July 1, 1856 ; and resigned Apr. 1, 1861. Brig.-gen. Confed. army from Florida ; com. a brigade in defence, of New Orleans, and was at the head of the eng. corps of the army, and planned and constructed the defences of Vicksburg ; after ward made major-gen., and taken prisoner at Vicksburg. At the time of his death he was chief engr. of the system of railroads which was to connect Selma, "Ala., and Dalton, Ga. Smith, REV. MATTHEW HALE ("Bur- leigh"), son of Rev. Elias. Successively a Universalist, Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and a Baptist. Author of " Text-Book of Univer- salism," 1845; " Universalism Exposed," 8vo, 1842; "Universalism not of God," 1847; " The Bible, the Rod, and Religion, in Common Schools," a sermon, 1847 ; " Reply to Horace Mann," 1847; "Sabbath Evenings/ 1859; "Mount Calvary," 1866 ; " Sunshine and Shad ow in New York." Long a corresp. of the Boston Journal under the pseudonyme " Bur- leigh." Smith, MELANCTHON, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. New York, May 24, 1809. Midshipm. Mar. 1, 1826 ; lieut. March 8, 1837 ; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 25, 1866; light-house insp. 1856-60; rear-adm. July, 1870 (retired list). Served in the Semi- nole war 1839-40; com. frigate " Constitution," Medit. squad., 1848-51 ; com. steamer " Massa chusetts," 1861 ; engaged with Confed. steamer SMI 844 snvn "Florida" Mpi. Sound, Oct. 26, 1861 ; com. steam-sloop "Mississippi" at the capture of N. Orleans, in which fight he ran the ram " Ma- nassas " ashore and destroyed her. He took part in all the engagements of the squadron until Mar. 14, 1863, when, in passing the Port- Hudson batteries, " The Mississippi" grounded, and was set on fire by Captain Smith. While com. " The Monongahela," he participated in the attacks on Port Hudson in June and July, 1863 ; com. steam-sloop " Onondaga," N. A. block, squad., 1864 ; engaged with Confed. ram " Albemarle" in Albem. Sound, May 5, 1864 ; com. frigate "Wabash" in both attacks on Fort Fisher ; app. chief of bureau of equipment and recruiting 1866. Hamersly. Smith, MERRIWETHER, of Essex, Va. ; d. at an advanced age. He was long a member of the h. of burgesses, of all the Va. conven tions in 1775-6, and in that of May, 1776; member of the Federal convention of Va. ; also a member of the Cont. Congress 1778-82. Smith, NATHAN, M.D. (H.U. 1790), sur geon, b. Kehoboth, Ms., Sept. 30, 1762; d. N. Haven, July 26, 1829. While young, his fa ther removed to Vt., where the son s education was limited. During the closing years of the Revol. war he served in the Vt. militia. Un til the age of 24 he labored on a farm, then de voted himself to the study of medicine, prac tised a few years in Cornish, N.H., and then attended the med. lectures at H.U. When in 1798 the med. inst. connected with Dartm. Coll. was established, Dr. Smith was app. its prof. There were neither appliances nor funds : so that Dr. Smith had to create every thing needed in the institution, as well as to perform his own appropriate duties. Dr. Smith then went to Europe, where he spent a year attend ing the best medical schools of Eng. and Scot land. In 1813 he was invited to the chair of the infant med. school of Y.C., but also con tinued to lecture at Dartm. Coll., besides deliv ering lectures at the U. of Vt. and at Bowd. Coll. Author of " Essay on Typhus-Fever," 1824; "Medical and Surgical Memoirs, with Addenda by N. R. Smith," 1831. His son, NATHAN RYNO, M.D. (U. of Vt. 1820). Y.C. 1817. Med. prof, in the U. of Md. Author of "Physiological Essays on Digestion," 1825 ; "Diseases of the Ear," from the French of De Saissy, 1829; " Surg. Anat. of the Arteries," 1832; "Treatment of Fractures," 1867; papers in Amer. Med. Jour. ; d. Baltimore, July 3, 77. Smith, NATHAN, lawyer and senator, b. Roxbury, Ct., 1770; d. Washington, D.C., 6 Dec. 1835. Son of Richard, and bro. of Hon. Nathaniel Smith. Educated at the Litchfield Law School. He was many years county-atty. for New Haven, and U.S. atty. for Ct. ; mem ber of the conv. that framed the State const., &nd often in the legisl. of the State; practised law in New Haven until his d. ; delegate to the Hartford conv. in 1814; U.S. senator 1832-5 ; M.A. of Y.C. 1808. Smith, NATHANIEL, jurist, b. Woodbury, Ct., Jan. 6, 1762 ; d. there Mar. 9, 1822. His education was limited. Studying law under Judge Reeve, he began practice in his native town in 1789, and soon became eminent. He was repeatedly a member of the State legisl. ; was M.C. in 1795-9; State senator in 1799- 1804 ; judge Sup. Court, Oct. 1806-May, 1819. Smith, OLIVER, a wealthy and benevolent farmer, b. Hatfield, Ms., Jan. 1766 ; d. there Dec. 22, 1845. He acquired great wealth by stock-raising. Was for 40 years a magistrate, twice a representative to the State legisl., and in 1820 was a member of the Const. Conv. During his lifetime, besides other charitable acts, he gave marriage-portions to several fe males, and built schoolhouses. At his death he bequeathed his large estate to charitable and educational objects. Smith, OLIVER HAMPTON, b. Trenton, N. J., Oct. 23, 1794; d. Indianapolis, Mar. 19, 1859. Emig. to Ind. 1817 ; practised law ; in 1824 he was pros. atty. for the 3d Dist. of Ind. ; member of State legisl. 1822 ; M.C. in 1827- 9; and U.S. senator in 1837-43. Author of "Recollections of Congressional Life; " " Early Indiana Trials, Sketches, and Reminiscences," Phila. 8vo, 1858. Geneal Reg., xiii. 282. Smith, PERSIFOR FRAZER, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Phila. Nov. 1798; d. Fort Leaven- worth, Ks., May 17, 1858. N.J. Coll. 1815. His maternal grandfather, Persifor Frazer, a lieut.-col. in the Revol. army, d. Phila. May, 1792. He studied law, and practised at New Orleans. He was adj. -gen. of the State; a vol. under Gen. Gaines during two campaigns in the Fla. war (as col. of La. Vols.) in 1836 and 38 ; and received the com. of the brigade of La. Vols. under Taylor on the Rio Grande, May, 1846 ; col. mounted rifles, May 27, 1846" ; com. a brigade of inf. from Sept. 1846 ; brev. brig.-gen. for his services at Monterey ; brev. maj.-gen. for gallantry at Contreras and Churu- busco, Aug. 20, 1847. The official report of the battle -of Contreras states that he " closely directed the whole attack in front with his ha bitual coolness and ability ; " and he was again disting. at the Belen Gate. He was commiss. of armistice with Mexico, Aug. 22, 1847 ; mili tary and civil gov. of Mexico, Oct. 1847, and com. 2d division U.S.A. ; milit. and civil gov. of Vera Cruz, May, 1848; subsequently com. the depts. of Gal. and Texas ; made brig.-gen. Dec. 30, 1856; and just before his death was app. to com. the Utah expedition. Smith, PERSIFOR FRAZER, b. Phila. 1808. U. of Pa. 1825. Adm. to the bar 1829. Author of "Reports Sup. Ct. of Pa.," 1865- 6; " Forms of Procedure," 8vo, 1862. Alli- bone. Smith, PRESTON, brig.-gen. C.S.A., killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 19,1863. He entered the service as an officer in a Tenn. regt., and rose to the rank of brig.-gen. He, and nearly all his staff, were killed, while making a recon- noissance, by a volley from a Union regiment. Smith, RICHARD PENN, lawyer and drama tist, b. Phila. March, 1799 ; d. at his residence on the Schuylkill, Aug. 12, 1854. Son of Wm. Moore Smith. Adm. to the bar in 1821. His first production was a series of essays, en titled " The Plagiary," in the Union. In 1822- 7 he edited the Aurora as the successor of Duane. He then resumed his practice of Jaw. He pub. "The Forsaken," a novel, 1831 ; " The Actress of Padua, and Other Talcs ; " " Caius Marius," a tragedy written for Forrest and SJVTI 845 SINCE many other successful plays, among them " Quite Correct," " The Eighth of January," " The Sentinels," "Win. Penn," "The Water- Witch," "Is she a Brigand?" &c. He fre quently contrib. poetical pieces for the news papers. Also author of " Life of David Crockett," 1836. His miscellaneous works, coll. bv his son Horace W. Smith, with a Me moir by Morton McMichael, were pub. 1856. Duyckinck. Smith, RICHARD SOMERS, b. Phila. 1813. West Point, 1834 ; d. Annap., Jan. 23, 1877; prof, of drawing, West-Point Acad., 1840-56; resigned from the army in 1856; prof, math., eng., and drawing, Brooklyn Inst., 1855-9; director Cooper Inst., N.Y. City, 1859-61 ; maj. 12th U.S. Inf. 14 May, 61, to 30 May, 1 863, serving in the Rappahannock campaign, and corn, a brig, at Chancellorsville in May, 1863. Pres. of Girard Coll. 1863 to Sept. 1867. Author of " Manual of Topog. Drawing," 1854 ; " Linear Perspective," 1857. Cullum. Smith, ROBERT, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1760), clergyman and scholar, b. Londonderry, Ire land, 1723; d. Rockville, Pa., Apr. 15," 1793. When a child, his parents settled on the head waters of the Brandywine, in Chester Co., Pa, He was educated at the Fogg s Manor School of Rev. Samuel Blair, whose sister Elizabeth hem. in 1750. Licensed Dec. 27, 1749. Mar. 26, 1751, he was settled pastor of Pequea Presb. Church, Lancaster Co. Here he estab. a classical and theol. sem. of high character, where was laid the foundation of the eminence of his two sons, Samuel Stanhope and John Blair Smith. Author of some sermons. Sprague. Smith, ROBERT, D.D., first Prot.-Epis. bishop of S.C., b. Norfolk Co., Eng., 1732 ; d. Charleston, Oct. 28, 1801. U. of Camb.,Eng., 1753, of which he was elected a fellow. Adm. to deacon s orders March 7, and to priest s Dec. 21, 1756. In 1759 he became rector of St. Philip s, Charleston, S.C. ; visited Eng. in 1768-70, and, though loyal at the commence ment of the Revol., became an ardent patriot, and went to the lines armed as a common sol dier. Banished in consequence by the British, in 1780 he took temporary charge of St. Paul s parish, Queen Anne Co., Md. ; returned to his former charge in May, 1783, and, on account of their depressed condition, took charge of an acad. incorporated in 1786 as Charleston Coll., and in which he held the office of principal until 1798. Elected bishop of S.C. in 1795, he was consec. at Phila. Sept. 13. Smith, ROBERT, statesman, bro. of Gen. Samuel, b. Nov. 1757 ; d. Baltimore, 26 Nov. 1842. N. J. Coll. 1781. He was present at the battle of Brandywine as a vol. ; studied law, and rose to distinction at the bar ; was some years a member of the Md. legisl. ; sec. U.S. navy 26 Jan. 1802-1805; U.S. atty.-gen. Mar.- Dec. 1805; sec. of state 6 Mar. 1809-25 Nov. 1811 ; was some years pres. of the Bible Soci ety and of the Md. Agnc. Soc. ; and succeeded Archbishop Carrol as provost of the U. of Md. Author of an " Address to the People of the U.S.," 1811. Smith, ROSWELL C., b. Franklin, Ct., 1797. Author of school text-books on geog raphy, grammar, and arithmetic, extensively used ; and a " Reply to the Charges of Danie Adams," 1831 ; d. Hartford, Ct., Apr. 20, 1875. Smith, SAMUEL, historian, b. Burlington, N.J., 1720; d. there 1776. Member of the assembly, treas. of West Jersey, &c. He pub. " History of New Jersey from its Settlement to 1721," 8vo, 1755. Some of his valuable MSS. were used by Proud in his Hist, of Pennsylvania. Smith, GEN. SAMUEL, Revol. officer, b. Carlisle, Pa., July 27, 1752 ; d. April 22, 1839. His i ather John Smith, who removed to Balti more in 1760, was several years a member of the legisl. ; member of the Md. Const. Conv. of 1776 ; and during nearly the whole war was chairman of the com. of ways and means in the house of delegates. Samuel received the rudiments of his education at Carlisle; then attended school in Baltimore, and afterwards in Elkton. Until 1771 he was in his father s counting-room, when he visited Europe in one of his father s vessels- Early in the struggle for liberty he joined a vol. company, and in Jan. 1776 was app. a capt. in Small wood s regt., which, at the battle on Long Island, did emi nent service, and lost one-third of its men. Disting. at Harlem and White Plains, where he was slightly wounded; and, in the harassing retreat through N. J., he was, Dec. 10, 1776, given a major s commission in Gist s batt. ; made lieut.-col. of the 4th (Md.) Regt. in 1777, and was at the attack on Staten Island and at Brandywine. Immediately afterwards he was detached by Washington to the defence of Fort Mitflin. In this naked and exposed work he maintained himself, under a continual cannon ade, from Sept. 26 to Nov. 11, when he was so severely wounded as to make it necessary to remove him to the Jersey shore. For this gallant defence, Congress voted him thanks and an elegant sword. Not entirely recovered from the effects of his wound, he yet took part in the hardships of Valley Forge. He took an active part in the battle of Monmouth. Re duced, after a service of three years and a half, from affluence to poverty, he was compelled to resign his commission, but continued to do duty as a col. of militia until the end of the war. Several years a member of the legisl. ; he was a member of Congress either in the house or senate, where his services were of the utmost importance, from 1793 to 1833. Under Mr. Jefferson he served a short time as sec. of the navy, though declining the app. He was a brig.-gen. of militia, and served as mnj.-gen. of the State troops in the defence of Baltimore in the war of 1812, the success of which was emi nently due to his talents and knowledge. In the summer of 1835, when in his 83d year, a com. of his fellow-citizens having called on hi:n to put down a fearful mob which had possession of the city, he at once consented to make the attempt, was successful, and was elected mayor of the city. Smith, SAMUEL EMERSON, jurist, b. IIol- lis, N.H., March 12, 1788; d. Wiscasset, Me., March 3, 1860. H.U. 1808. His father Ma- nasseh (H.U. 1773), a chaplain in the Revol. army, afterward a lawyer at Wiscasset, d. there 1823. He studied law; was adm. to the 846 SMI Boston bar, and settled in Wiscasset in 1812 ; representative in 1819-20. He was chief justice C. C. P., Me., 1821; a justice of the State C. C. P. in 1822-30; gov. 1831-4 ; again judge of C. C. P. in> 1835-7, and in 1837 a commiss. to revise the public statutes of Maine. Smith, SAMUEL FRANCIS, D.D. (Colby U. 1853), clergyman, b. Boston, Oct. 21, 1808. H.U. 1829. After studying theology at An- dover, he edited for 18 months the Baptist Mis sionary Magazine in Boston. He was at this time a large contributor to the Encyclopaedia Americana. From Feb. 12, 1834, to 1842, he was pastor of the First Baptist Church, Water- viile, Me., and prof, of modern languages in Waterville Coll ; from Jan. 1, 1842, to July, 1 854, he was pastor of the First Baptist Church, Newton, Ms. ; edited the Christian Review in 1 842-9 ; and since 1 854 has been engaged in literary pursuits, and editing the publications of the Baptist Miss. Union. He has from early youth been a contrib. to periodical litera ture ; and the well-known hymns, " My Country, tis of Thee," and "The Morning Light is Breaking," are among his early productions. In 1843, in connection with Rev. Baron Stow, he compiled " The Psalmist," a collection of psalms and hymns. His other publications are "Lyric Gems," 1844; and "Life of Rev. Joseph *Grafton," 1845. He also contrib. a large portion of the songs in the " Juvenile Lyre," edited by Lowell Mason. Smith, SAMUEL HARRISON, editor; d. Washington, Nov. 1, 1845, a. 73. U. of Pa. 1787. Son of Jonathan Bayard, a Revol. pa triot. He edited the New World at Phila. in 1 796 ; and, when the seat of govt. was located at Washington, he established there, Oct. 31, 1800, the National Intelligencer, which he relinquished in 1810. Commiss. of the revenue from 1813 until the abolition of the office. Author of " Remarks on Education," &c., 8vo, 1798. Smith, SAMUEL J., poet, b. Burlington, N. J.,1771; d. 1835. Grandson of Samuel, the his torian of N. J. With large inherited wealth he lived on his estate, dividing his time between lit erature, his farm, and public benefactions. A vol. of his poetry was pub. 8vo, 1836. Two of his beautiful lyrics- are in Lyra Sacra Americana. Smith, SARAH LANMAN, missionary, b. Norwich, Ct., 1802 ; d. Boujah, near Smyrna, Sept. 30, 1836. Dau. of Jabez Huntington. In 1830-1, she, with Sarah Breed, established and conducted a sabbath school among the Mo- hegan Indians; in 1833 she m. Rev. Eli Smith; embarked for Smyrna, laboring chiefly at Bei rut; in 1836, in ill-health, she was wrecked on a voyage to Smyrna, but escaped in a boat, dy ing soon after. Her Memoirs were pub. by Dr. E. W. Hooker in 1839. Smith, SARAH LOUISA P. (HICKMAN), b. Detroit, Mich., 30 June, 1811 ; d. N. Y. City, 12 Feb. 1832. Grand-dau. of Gen. Wm. Hull. Her family resided at Newton, Ms., where she \vas liberally educated. In 1828 she m. Saml. Jenks Smith, an editor in Providence, R.I., with whom she removed to Cincinnati in 1829. He was afterward connected with the N. Y. press, and d. while on a voyage to Europe in 1842. Her poems were pub. 12mo, 1828. See Poets and Poetrq of the West. Smith, SAMUEL STANHOPE, D.D. (Y.C. 1783), LL.D. (H.U. 1810), scholar and clergy man, b. Pequea, Pa., Mar. 16, 1750 ; d. Prince ton, Aug. 21, 1819. N. J. Coll. 1769. Son of Robert Smith, D.D., in whose acad. he was educated. He became an assist, in his father s school, and was in 1770-3 tutor at Princeton, pursuing at the same time the study of theolo gy. Ord. in 1774. He commenced the labors of a missionary in the western counties of Va., and was solicited to preside over Hamp. Sid. Coll. ; in 1779 he became prof, of moral philos. at Princeton, where the ravages of the war had been most severely felt, dispersing the students, reducing the building to a state of dilapidation, and greatly embarrassing the institution finan cially. He made great exertions and pecuniary sacrifices to restore it to prosperity ; accepted in 1783 the additional office of prof" of thcol., and in 1786 that of vice-pres. of the college. Mem ber of a com. to draw up a svstem of govt. for the Presb. Church in 1786/and in 1795 suc ceeded Dr. Witherspoon, his father-in-law, as pres. of the college, resigning in 1812. Dr. S. wrote with elegance and perspicuity, was an eloquent and popular preacher, and was elegant in person and manners. Author of " An Es say on the Variety of Complexion in the Hu man Species," 1788, maintaining the idea of the unity of the race ; " Lectures on the Evi dences of the Christian Religion and on Moral Philosophy," 1809; and a " System of Natural and Revealed Religion," 1816. Also sermons, 2 vols. 8vo, 1821, with a memoir. Sprague. Smith, SEBA, author, b. Buckfield, Me., Sept. 14, 1792; d. Patchogue, L.I., July 29, 1868. Bowd. Coll. 1818. He settled in "Fort- land as a writer for the periodical press, where he wrote the series of humorous political letters under the pseudonyme of " Major Jack Down ing," first pub. collectively in 1833. In 1842 he removed to New York. His other publica tions are, "Dew-Drops of the 19th Century," 1846; "My 30 Years out of the Senate," by Maj. Jack Downing, 1859; "Powhatan," a metrical romance, 1841; "New Elements of Geometry," 1850; and " Way Down East, or Portraitures of Yankee Life," 1855. He also wrote many minor occasional poems. Editor of and contrib. to many newspapers and peri odicals. His widow (Elizabeth Oakes) resides in New York. Smith, SOLOMON FRA.NKLIN, actor and manager, b. Norwich, Chcnango Co., N.Y., Apr. 20, 1801 ; d. St. Louis, Mo., Feb. 14, 1869. He learned the printer s trade, and, while very young, joined a company of strolling players at Louisville, Ky. He soon became a leading ac tor and great favorite in the West and South, then a star, and finally a manager in many Western theatres. July 4, 1 822, he issued at Cincinnati a paper called the Independent Press, continued one year; in 1853 he quitted the stage, practised law in St. Louis, and in 1861 was a member of the State convention as an unconditional Union man. His forte as an actor was low comedy, in which he was un equalled. His "Autobiography" and "Remi niscences of the Stage " were pub. in N. Y. in 1868; "Theatrical Apprenticeship," in 1845; and " Theatrical Journey- Work," &c., in 1854. snvn 847 Smith, THOMAS, first n mister of Portland, from Mar. 8, 1727, to 1784, b. Boston, Mar. 10, 1702: d. Portland, May 23, 1795. H.U. 1720. In 1725 he went to Falmouth, now Portland, as chaplain to the troops there, and preached to the inhabitants ; in 1767 he received a col league, Samuel Deanc. He pub. some sermons. Extracts from his Journals, 1720-88, with Ap pendix, were pub. by S. Freeman, 1821; "Jour nals of Thos. Smith and Saml. Deanc," with Notes, &c., by William Willis, were pub. 8vo, 1849. Smith, THOMAS, jurist, b. Scotland; d. Bedford, Pa., June, 1809. An emigrant to America at an early age, and a lawyer by pro fession. Feb. 9, 1769, he was app. dcp. sur veyor, and established himself in Bedford, Pa. He became prothonotary, clerk of the sessions, and recorder of Bedford Co. ; col. of militia in the Revol. ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1776; member State legisl. ; member of the Old Congress 1780-2; pres. of the judicial dist. of Cumberland, Mifflm, Huntingdon, Bed ford, and Franklin Counties, 1791-4 ; judge of the Sup. Court of Pa. 1794-1809. Portfolio, 1809. Smith, THOMAS JEFFERSON, judge, an accomplished scholar and vigorous writer; d. Baltimore, July 13, 1857. He was at one time judge of a Marine Court in N.Y., and had occupied a judicial position in California. Smith, THOMAS L., b. Phila. 1805. Judge Sup. Court of Ind. 1847-53. Author of "Re ports Sup. Ct. of Ind. 1848-9 ; " "Elements of the Laws," &c., 2d ed., 1859, Svo.Allibone. Smith, THOMAS MATHER, D.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1850), b. Stamford, Ct,, 1797; d. Port land, Me., 6 Sept. 1864. Y.C. 1816; Andover Sem. 1820. Ord. 1822. Son of Rev. Daniel of Stamford, Ct. Cong, pastor successively of Portland, Fall River, Catskill, N.Y., and New Bedford. Ord. priest in the Pr.-Episc. Church, ho was prof, of syst. divinity at Kenyon Coll., O., in 1845-63, and 4 years president. Smith, TRUMAN, U.S. senator, 1849-54, b. Roxbury, Ct., Nov. 27, 1791. Y.C. 1815. Ad mitted to the bar in 1818 ; was a member of the State legisl. in 1831-2 and 34; M.C. in 1839- 43 and in 1845-9. He has since practised law in N. Y. City. Judge of the Court of Arbitra tion in N. York under the treaty of 1862 with Great Britain ; a judge of the Court of Claims arising from the Rebellion. He pub. "An Ex amination of the Question of Anaesthesia," 8vo, 1859; again, 8vo, 1867. He assigns the discovery to Dr. Horace Wells. Smith, WILLIAM, chief justice of N. Y., b. New York, 25 June, 1 728 ;d. Quebec, 3 Dec. 1793. Y.C. 1745. Son of an eminent lawyer of the same name, who was mayor of the city, judge Sup. Court, and influential in public af fairs, and who d. 22 Nov. 1769, a. 73. The son became one of the foremost lawyers of his time in America. App. a judge of the Supreme Court in 1763 ; member of the council as early as 1768; adhered to the royal govt. in the Revol.; went to Eng. at the peace in 1783; and in Nov. 1786 was app. chief justice of Canada. It is believed that he at first op posed the measures of Eng., and joined the royal side wiu many others in 1778. He wrote an excellent history of New York from its settlement to 1732, pub. Lond. 1757, re- pub, with additions in 1814, and continued to 1762 by WILLIAM, son of the chief justice, also author of the first " English History of Canada," b. June, 1770. Smith, WILLIAM, D.D. (Oxf. 1759), Pr.- Ep. clergyman and author, b. Aberdeen, Scot land, 1726; d. Phila. May 14, 1803. U. of Aber deen, 1747. He ernig. to Amer. in 1 750 ; was a private tutor in the family of Gov. Martin on Long Island ; and, being invited to take charge of the coll. in Phila., revisited Eng. to be ord in the Epis. Church ; returned to Amer. in Dec. 1753; and in May, 1754, was placed at the head of the coll. This institution, of which he was founder and first provost, attained a high character in his hands, and was subsequently erected into the present U. of Pa. During his long life he was disting. for his oratorical pow ers, for his sermons and political writings dur ing the Revol., and more particularly for his devotion to the cause of education and litera ture. His orations on the deaths of Gen. Montgomery and Dr. Franklin, pronounced by request of Congress and other public bodies, were considered masterpieces of composition. Besides these, he pub. discourses on several public occasions during the war, 1759, 2d ed., with sermons added, 1763; "Concerning the Conversion of the Heathen in America," 1760 ; " An Account of the Charitable Corporation for the Widows of Clergymen," 1769 ; an Ora tion before the Amer. Philos. Society, 1773 ; on " The Present Crisis of American Affairs," June 23, 1775; on "Temporal and Spiritual Salvation," 1790; an essay entitled "A Gen eral Idea of the College of Mirania," 1753. One of the earliest of his writings was " A Philosophical Meditation and Religious Ad dress to the Supreme Being," Lond. 1754. From Oct. 1757 to Oct. 1758 he pub. a series of eight essays in the Amer. May. at Phila., entitled " The Hermit; "and was the author of " Bouquet s Exped. against the Western Indians." A selection of his works was pub. 2 vols. 8vo, 1803. Smith, WILLIAM, statesman ; d. Balti more, 27 Mar. 1814, a. 85. A delegate to the Old Congress 1777-8; M.C. 1789-91 ; and af terwards auditor of the treasury. Smith, WILLIAM, D.D., Pr.-Ep. clergy man, b. Scotland, 1753; d. New York, Apr" 6, 1821. Heemig. to America as an ord. minister in 1785 ; officiated in Md., Narragansett and Newport, R.I., Norwalk, Ct., and New York ; his unhappy temperament preventing his long so journ in any parish, though highly respected for scholarly attainments. He taught a grammar- school in New York in 1 800 ; and in 1 802-6 was principal of the Epis. Academy, Cheshire, Ct. ; he subsequently resided in New York, writing for the press. Among his publications were a series of essays on the Christian Ministry, a Book of Charts, and a large work on Christian Psalmody, 1814. The Office of Institution of Ministers into Parishes or Churches, as set forth in the Book of Common Prayer, was his production. His colloquial powers were ex traordinary. Blake. Smith, WILLIAM, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1796), 848 S1MI senator, b. N.C. 1762; d. Iluntsville, Ala,, 26 June, 1840. Educated at Mount-Zion Coll. Admitted to the bar in 1792; M. C. from Charleston dist. 1797-9 ; U.S. senator 1817-23 and 1826-31; member State legisl., and judge of the Sup. Court. A disting. supporter of the doctrine of State rights. Declined a seat on the bench of the U.S. Sup. Court; candidate of S.C. for vice-pres. in 1837; twice pres. pro tern. U.S. senate. Smith., WILLIAM, politician, nicknamed " Extra Billy," b. King George Co., Va., 6 Sept. 1797. "Educated at Plainneld Acad., Ct., and in private schools in Va. ; and began to practise law in 1818. By establishing a line of coaches through Va., the Carolinas, and Ga., he made a fortune. Was a member of the legisl. in 1836 and 1840; M.C. 1842-3; gov. of Va. 1846-9; and again M.C. in 1853-61 ; made a brig.-gen. in the Confbd. army, and wounded at Antietam. Smith, WILLIAM, commo. U.S.N., b. Ky. 9 Jan. 1803. Midshipm. Mar. 4, 1823; lieut. Mar. 3, 1831; com. Sept. 12, 1854; commo. July 16, 1862 ; retired 9 Jan. 1865. Attached to "The Sea-Gull" in 1823, and served in Porter s squad, against W. I. pirates ; in " The Vandalia" 1835-7, co-operating with the army in several expeds. against the Seminole In dians, Fla. ; during the Mexican war assisted at the capture of Tuspan and Tabasco ; com. " The Levant " in the E. I. squad. 1854-8 ; and participated in the capture of the barrier forts, Canton, China, in 1856; was in the frigate " Congress" when sunk by " The Mem mack ; " com. " The Wachusett " and gunboats co-op erating with McClellan s army in 1862 ; and com. Pensacola naval station in 1862-5; d. St. Louis, May 1, 1873. Hamersly. Smith, GEN. WILLIAM FARRAR, b. St. Alban s, Vt, Feb. 17, 1824. West Point, 1845. Entering the topog. engrs., he became 2d lieut. 1849; 1st lieut. 1853; capt. 1859; major Mar. 3, 1863; assist, prof, of mathematics at West Point 1846-8 and 1855-6 ; and also employed on the surveys of the Lake-Superior region, of the Rio Grande, Texas, the military road to California, and on the Mexican-boundary commission. When civil war began, he was sec. of the lighthouse board at Washington ; obtaining leave of absence, he took com. of the 3d Vt. Vols. 16 July, and became brig.-gen. Aug. 13, 1861; maj.-gen. July 4, 1862. He was in the Bull -run battle 21 July, 1861. During the Chickahominy campaign he was highly disting. ; com. a division in the corps of Gen. Franklin ; participated in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam ; com. the 6th corps in the battle of Fredericksburg Dec. 13 ; chief engr., dept. of the Cumberland, Oct.-Nov. 1863; of the milit. division of the Mpi. Nov. 1863-Mar. 1864; in operations about Chatta nooga, and battle of Mission. Ridge ; com. 18th corps, Army of Potomac, May-July, 1864; and engaged at Cold Harbor and siege of Petersburg; resigned 7 Mar. 1867 ; pres. Internat. Teleg. Co. since 1 864 ; brev. lieut.-col. for White-oak Swamp 28 June, 1862; col. for Antietam 17 Sept. 1862; brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for Chattanooga, and for gallant and merit, sen-ices during the Rebellion. Cullum. Smith, WILLIAM LOUGIITON, LL.D., statesman of S.C. ; d. 1812. M.C. from S.C 1789-97 ; an able supporter of the administra tions of Washington and Adams ; minister tc Portugal in 1797-1800, and to Spain 1800-01. He pub. an oration, July 4, 1796; a com parative view of the Constitutions of the States and the U.S., 1797 ; a pamphlet against the pretensions of Jefferson to the presidency ; essays signed " Pliocion ; " address to his con stituents, 1794. His speeches and letter to his constituents were repub. in London in 1795. Smith, WILLIAM MOORE, lawyer and poet, b. Phila. June 1,1759; d. there" 1821. Son of William Smith, provost of Phila. Coll., and pub. a vol. of poems, 1785, which in 1787 was repub. in Eng. He was, under Jay s treaty, general agent for claimants, and visited Eng. in 1803 to close his commission, accomp. by his son William Rudolph Smith as private sec. Richard Penn Smith was his son. Smith, WILLIAM RUDOLPH, hist, writer, son of Wm. Moore Smith, b. at the Trappe, Pa., 31 Aug. 1787; d. Quincy, 111., 29 Aug. 1868. Author of " Observations on Wis. Ter ritory," 1838; "Hist, of Wisconsin," 4 vols. 8vo; "Discourse before the Wis. Hist. Soc.," 1850. In early life he edited the Huntingdon (Pa.) Museum, and contrib. the Memoirs of Wythe to " Sanderson s Lives." Many years pres. of the State Hist. Soc. He went to Wis. in 1837, and in 1853 became atty .-gen. of the State. Smith, WILLIAM R. of Tuscaloosa, Ala., formerly a judge; M.C. 1851-5, Author of " The Alabama Justice," 8vo, 1841 ; " Uses of Solitude," a poem, 1860 : "As It Is," a novel ; Condensed Ala. Reports, 1862. Smith, COL. WILLIAM STEPHENS, Revol. officer, b. N.Y. 1755 ; d. Lebanon, N.Y., June 10, 1816. N. J. Coll. 1774. Son of Capt. John. He was aide to Gen. Sullivan, Aug. 15, 1776 ; lieut.-col. 13th Ms. Regt. from Nov. 1778 to Mar. 1779; was several times wounded ; was then for a short time attached to the staff of Steuben, but left in July, 1781, to become aide-de-camp to Washington. He m. the only dau. of John Adams, whose sec. of legation he was in Eng. in 1785 ; was surveyor of N.Y. ; 3 years a member of the Assembly ; pres. of the N.Y. Cincinnati in 1804, and M.C. 1813-16. Smith, WORTHINGTON, D.D., pres. of the U. of Vt. 1849-56, b. Hadley, Ms., 1795; d. St. Alban s, Vt., Feb. 30, 1856. Wms. Coli. 1816. Minister at St. Alban s, Vt., 1823-49. His sermons, and Memoir by Rev. J. Torrey, D.D., were pub. 1861, 8vo. Smithson, JAMES LEWIS MACIE, F.R.S., an English chemist, and founder of the Smith sonian Institution at Washington ; d. Genoa, June 27, 1829. M.A. of Pembroke Coll., Oxford, May 26, 1786. The birth of this gentle man is thus described by himself at the com mencement of his will : " I, James Smithson, son of Hugh, first duke of Northumberland, and Elizabeth, heiress of the Hungerfords of Stadley, and niece to Charles, the proud duke of Somerset." His brother was Earl Percy of Lexington fame. He was elected fellow of the Royal Society in 1787, and appears under the name of Macie in the Philosoph. Transactions SIMY 849 tor 1791 ; but, between that date and 1803, he chose to change his name to Smithson (the family name of his father). He was at one time a vice-pres. of the Roy. Soc., to whose Transactions he added eight communications, and was also deeply interested in geological investigations. Mr. Smithson s will, dated Oct. 23, 1826, devised the whole of his prop erty (120,000) to his nephew Lieut. -Col. Dickenson for his life, and, after his decease, to his surviving children ; but in the event of his dying without a child or children, then the whole of the property " to the United* States, for the purpose of founding an institution at Wash ington, to be called the Smithsonian Institution, for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." By the death of his nephew in 1835 without heirs, the property devolved upon the U.S. Hon. Richard Rush, as agent of the U.S., received the bequest, and, Sept. 1, 1838, paid into the U.S. treasury $515,169. In Aug. 1856 Congress passed an act to establish the institution; and, up to 1871, 17 vols. of " Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge " have been pub. In 1862 a niece of Smithson bequeathed to the institution 25,000. Smybert. See SMIBERT. Smyth, GEN. ALEXANDER, b. Island of Rathlin, Ireland, 1765; d. Washington, D.C., 26 Apr. 1830. Member Va. legisl. ; app. col. of rifles 8 July, 1808 ; acting insp.-gen. 30 Mar. 1812; insp.-gen. (rank of brig.-gen.) 6 July, 1812; undertook the invasion of Canada in Nov. 1 8 1 2, but proved incompetent, and was soon removed from the army; M.C. 1817-25 and 1827-30. He pub. " ^Regulations for U.S. Infant ry," 1812, and a pamphlet on the Apocalypse. " Smyth, CLEMENT, D.D., R.C. bishop of Dubuque, Iowa; consec. 3 May, 1857; d. 22 Sept. 1865. Smyth, JOHN F. D., a loyalist, who was imprisoned at Phila. for attempting to raise a force in Va. ; escaped, and was retaken at Pittsburg. He pub. in Lond. 2 vols. 1784, " A Tour in the U.S.," which, though replete with falsehood and calumny, contains truthful pictures of society and manners in Va. at that date, afterwards a captain in the British Army. Smyth, THOMAS, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1843), clergyman, b. Belfast, Ireland, 14 July, 1808. Educated at Belfast and London ; came to the U.S. in 1830 ; soon after entered the Princeton Theol. Sem. ; visited Charleston, S.C., in Nov. 1831; and in 1832 became pastor of the 2d Presb. Church there, where he continued till 1862. He has written "Ecclesiastical Repub licanism," " On the Prelatic Doctrine of Apos tolic Succession," " The Life and Character of Calvin Defended," 1844; "The History, Character, and Results of the Westminster Assembly of Divines," 1847 ; "Bereaved Fa milies Consoled," 1845; "The Unity of the Human Races proved to be the Doctrine of Scripture, Reason, and Science," 1850 ; "Na ture and Claims of Young Men s Christian Associations," 1857; " Why do I Live ?" 1857; " The Well in the Valley," 1857 ; " Obedience the Life of Missions," 1860; "The True Origin and Source of the Mecklenburg Decl. of Indcp. ; " " How is the World to be Con verted ? " &c. 54 Smyth, GEN. THOMAS A., b. Ireland ; d Petersburg, Va., Apr. 9, 1865, being mortallj wounded near Farmville, Va., while com. the 2d div. 2d army corps, Apr. 6, 1865. While a boy, he came to the U.S., and settled at Wilmington, Del., and engaged in coach-mak ing. At the opening of the war he raised a company in Wilmington, and joined in Phila. a 3-months regt., serving in the Shenandoah Valley. Returning home, he was made major of a Del. regt., and rose to the com. of a brigade. Made brig.-gen. 3 June, 1864, for gallantry at Cold Harbor. Smyth, WILLIAM, D.D., b. Pittston, Me., 1797 ; d. Brunswick, Me., Apr. 3, 1868. Bowd. Coll. 1822. 40 years a prof, of mathematics in that institution, and author of valuable school text-books on algebra, geometry, trigo nometry, &c. Snell, THOMAS, D.D. (Amh. Coll. 1828), clergyman, b. Cummington, Ms., Nov. 21, 1774; d. N. Brookfield, May 4, 1862. Dartm. Coll. 1795. He taught an acad. at Haverhill one year; was licensed to preach by the Tol- land Association, Oct. 3, 1797 ; and ord. pastor 2d Church, North Brookfield, June 27, 1798. Among his 24 pubs. chiefly sermons are an oration at Brookfield, July 5, 1813 ; sermon on the Completion of the 40th Year of his Min istry, with a brief History of the Town, 1838; sermon on the 50th Anniv. of his Ordination, 1848 ; discourse containing an Historical Sketch of N. Brookfield, 1850 ; and Historical Sketch of the 1st Cong. Church, N. Brookfield, to May, 1852. Snelling, COL. JOSIAH, b. Boston, 1782 ; d. Washington City, Aug. 20, 1828. App. lieut. 4th Inf. May 3, 1808 ; capt. June, 1809 ; disting. in the battle of Tippecanoe, Oct. 1811 ; brev. major for disting. service in the battle of Brownstown, Aug. 9, 1812; assist, insp.-gen. Apr. 25, 1813; lieut.-col. 4th Rifles, Feb. 21, 1814; insp.-gen. (rank of col.) Apr. 12, 1814; disting. in affair at Lyon s Creek ; col. 5th Inf. June 1, 1819. Author of Remarks on "Gen. Hull s Memoirs," 8vp, 1825. Col. S. was a principal witness against Hull at his trial. Snelling, WILLIAM JOSEPH, poet and journalist, b. Boston, 26 Dec. 1804; d. Chel sea, Ms., 24 Dec. 1848. Son of the preceding. Educated at West Point. Afterward a fur- trapper in Mo., and subsequently engaged at the Galena lead-mines. He began writing in 1828; was many years connected with the newspapers, and at his death was editor of the Boston Herald, He was the victim of intem perance. His contribs. to the Galaxy, the N.E. Mag., and "TheBoston Book" (1837), evinced his ability as a writer of the first rank. His principal poetical work, " Truth," is a spirited but severe satire on some of our best poets, His " Tales of the North-west" contain capital descriptions of Indian life. He also published " Polar Regions of the Western Continent Ex plored," 8vo, 1831 ; "The Rat-Trap," &c. Snethen, NICHOLAS, clergyman, b. Glen Cove, L.I., Nov. 15, 1769; d. Princeton, Ind., May 30, 1845. He labored on his father s farm ; entered the itinerant ministry of the M. E. Church in 1794 ; travelled and preached 4 years in N. Eng. ; labored at Charleston, S.C./for a 8:0 SOT year ; thence was ordered to Baltimore ; after ward travelled as assistant to Bishop Asbury, acting as his private sec. In 1804-6 he was stationed in New York ; whence he removed to his (arm on Larganore, Frederic Co., Md. Be coming by marriage an owner of slaves, he emancipated them in 1829. In 1809 he again became an itinerant, and while stationed at Georgetown was elected chaplain to Congress. He returned to farming in 1814, and in 1829 removed to Indiana. In 1821 he advocated the introduction of lay representation into the Church, and in 1828 bore a prominent part in the formation of the Meth.-Prot. Church, in connection with which he travelled and preached till a short time before his death, residing prin cipally in Cincinnati. He published a vol. of e<savs on Lay Representation; Lectures on Bibfical Subjects, 1836; and was co-editor of the Meth. Protestant in 1834. A volume of 22 of his sermons was pub. soon after his death, and subsequently his writings, with a biogra phy by his son, W. E. S. of Baltimore. Snow, CALEB HOPKINS, physician and author, b. Boston, 1 April, 1796; d. there July 6, 1835. Brown U. 1813. Son of Prince Snow, some years deputy -sheriff of Suffolk. Published in 1825 " History of Boston," 8vo; " Geography of Boston," &c., 1830. Snowden, JAMBS Ross, numismatist, b. Chester, Del. Co., Pa., 1810. Speaker of the house of rep., Pa., 1842-4; State treas. 1845- 7; treas. U.S. mint 1847-50, and director of the same 1853-61. He has pub. " Description of Coins in the U.S. Mint/ 8vo, 1860 ; " De scription of Medals in the U. S. Mint," 4to, 1861 ; " The Mint at Phila.," 8vo, 1861 ; " Coins of the Bible/ &c., 1864 ; " The Corn- planter Memorial," &c., 1867. Author of the article on the Coins- of the United States in the National Almanac of 1863, and of many pamphlets on similar subjects. Alli- bone. Snyder, JOHN LUDWIG, a Revol. soldier of great longevity, b. Michaelstadt, Germany, Aug. 5, 1746 ; d. Pa. March 23, I860, a. 113, 7 mos. 1 8 d. He came to Amer. in 1 758 ; entered the army in 1775, and fought through the whole war, being present at Trenton, Brandy- wine, Paoli, Germantown, Valley Forge, Mon- mouth, Stony Point, and under Lafayette at Yorktown. He was a gunsmith by trade, and made a perfect gun when aged 107. He retained his sight and vigor to the last year of his life. Hist. Mag., iv. 157. Snyder, SIMON, gov. of Pa. 1808-17, b. Lancaster Co., Nov. 5, 1759; d. Selinsgrove, in Northumb. Co., Nov. 9, 1819. He rose trom the humble situation of an apprentice to the enjoyment of the highest honors of the State. Member of the convention which formed the constitution of Pa. ; several years speaker of the house of representatives; and in 1818 was a member of the State senate. Solger, REINHOLD, Ph.D., b. Prussia; some years a resident of Eng. ; came to the U.S. with Kossuth, and became assist, register U.S. treasury; d. 13 Jan. 1866. Author of the "States System of Europe," 1854; "Schles- wig-Holstein Question," 8vo, 1862 ; "History of the Rebellion in the U.S./ in German, 1 862 ; and of the prize-poem for the Schiller Centennial, Nov. 10, 1859. Soils, ANTONIO DE, a Spanish poet and historian, b. Alcala de Henares, 18 July, 1610; d. Madrid 19 Apr. 1686. He studied law at Salamanca, but, devoting himself to literature, produced a comedy at 17, and acquired some repute as a poet. App. in 1632 to a lucrative office under the sec. of state, he became, after the death of Philip IV., historiographer of the Indies, but took orders in the Church in 1667, and d. poor. His " llistoria de la Conquista de Mexico" (t ol. Madrid, 1684) concluded with the subjugation of the Mexicans, that he might not have to record the subsequent cruelties of his countrymen. An Eng. translation was pub. in 1724 ; and another, by Townshem.l, 3 vols. 8vo, Lond., 1809. His plays were collect ed and pub. at Madrid in 1732. Somers, RICHARD, a brave naval officer, b. Egg Harbor, N. J., 1778 ; d. Sept. 4, 1804. Son of Col. Richard of the Revol. army, who d. 1794. Educated at a school in Phila. and at the Burlington Acad. He went to sea in 1794; became a midshipm. in the navy in 1798 ; lieut. in 1801 ; and was at his death a master- corn. In 1 803 he com. the schooner " Nautilus," in Com. Preble s squadron, in the Medit., and bore a disting. part in the several attacks on the Tripolitan gunboats ; himself leading one of the attacking division*, and Decatur the other. He vol. to take tfie " Ketch Intrepid," fitted up as a fireship, into the harbor of Tripoli, and with his brave comrades lost his life by its premature explosion. Sommers, CHAKLES G., D.D., b. London, 1791 ; d. N.Y. City, Dec. 19, 1868. He came in 1802 to the U.S. ; was in 1811 in the employ of John Jacob Astor, but soon turned his at tention to the ministry, in which he labored over 50 years. He was active in mission and reform work under the auspices of the Tract Society and the Bible Societies; founded the American Baptist Home-Mission Society, and, in connection with Rev. Mr. Griffiths, es tablished the first Sunday school in America, upon the plan of Robert Raikes, in Division St. He pub. some controversial papers in de fence of his sect, edited a vol. of psalms and hymns, and 3 vols. of the Baptist Library, and a Memoir of John Stanford, D.D., with selections from his Correspondence, 1835. Sonntag, GEORGE, admiral in the Russian navy, b. Phila. 1786; d. Odessa, Russia, 23 Mar. 1841. Son of Wm. Lewis Sonntag, a French officer, who came to the U.S. during the Revol. war, and subsequently established n mercantile house in Phila. George went to Russia in 1815; was in the allied army at the entry into Paris, and attained the grade of ad miral, and of a gen. in the Russian army, l>y his talent, energy, and intrepidity. Sothern, EDWARD ASKEW (" Douglas Stewart"), b. Liverpool, Eng., Apr. 1, 1830. Made his first appearance in Jersey, Eng. ; be came stage-manager for Charles Poole. Made his ddmt in Boston at the National, as Dr. Pangloss, Sept. 1852 ; at Laura Keene s Thea tre, N.Y., May 12, 1858, and there made his great hit as Dundreary, in " Our American Cousin," a play remodelled by him. sou 851 sou lie performed this character at the Haymarkct, London, from Nov. 11, 1861, for 496 times ; but was not successful in it at Paris, where he opened July 8, 1867. Soublette, CARLOS, Venezuelan states man ; d. Caraccas, 12 Feb. 1870, a. ab. 70. He disting. himself in the war for So. American independence ; had been sec. of war, of state, of foreign affairs, and of finance. Pres. of Venezuela in 1842-6, and had been also am bassador to Eng., France, and Spain. Soule, CAROLINE A., b. Albany, N.Y., 1 824. Author of " Memoir of Rev. H. B. Soule, 1852; "Home-Life," 1854; "The Pet of the Settlement," 1860 ; " Wine or Water," 1862; edited the Rose-Bud 1854-5 ; co-editor of La dies Deposrtorif 1856-62; and contrib. to mags, and papers. Soule, JOSHUA, D.D., bishop of the M.E. Church south, b. Bristol, Me., Aug. 1, 1781; d. Nashville, Tenn., Mar. 6, 1867. Licensed to preach in 1798; ord. elder in 1802; app. in 1804 presiding elder of the Me. dist. ; and at the gen. conf. at Baltimore, 1808, drew up the constitution of the plan then adopted for a del egated gen. conf. In 1816 he was chosen book- agent, and editor of the Meth Mag.; in 1820 was elected to, but declined, the episcopate; had charge of the N.Y. City station in 1821, and that of Baltimore in 1822-3; in 1824 he was re-elected and ord. bishop ; he was dele gate to the British Wesl. Meth. Conf. in 1842, and afterward travelled extensively in the British islands and in France. On the division of the church, Bishop Soule adhered to the southern portion, and changed his place of res idence from Lebanon, O., to Nashville, Tenn. In 1853-4, he made an episcopal tour in Cal. Until forced by age and infirmity to retire from active business, he was " abundant in labors," scorning ease and self-indulgence. Soule (soo -la ), PIERRE, lawyer and sena tor, b. Castillon, in the Pyrenees, 1801; d. N. Orleans, 16 Mar. 1870. Son of a lieut.-gen. in the Republican armies, who afterward filled the office of judge, previously hereditary in the family. Destined for the Church, he was sent in 1816 to the Jesuits Coll. at Toulouse, and completed his studies at Bordeaux. At the age of 15 he took part in a conspiracy against the Bourbons, and, the plot having been dis covered, he was obliged to conceal himself, and for more than a year followed the occupation of a shepherd. Permitted to return, he went to Paris, and, in conjunction with Barthelemy and Mery, established a paper advocating re publican sentiments. Placed on trial for a bitter attack upon the ministry, his advocate appealed to the clemency of the court in be half of the prisoner on the score of his youth. This line of defence did not suit Soule, who rose from his seat, and addressed the court, de nying the criminality of his opinions and con duct. His eloquence did not save him from St. Pelagic, whence he escaped to Eng. He af terward came to Baltimore, and in the fall of 1825 removed to N. Orleans. Having deter mined to make the law his profession, he ap plied himself assiduously to the study of Eng., passed his examination for the bar in that lan guage, was adm., and soon rose to great emi nence in the profession. In 1847 he was elect ed a U.S. senator to fill a vacancy, and was re- elected in 1849 for 6 years. He "took extreme Southern ground, and was a frequent partici pant in the debates upon the compromise measures of 1850. ^ In 1853 he was app. by Pres. Pierce minister to Spain. He was soon involved in a quarrel with M. Turgot, the French ambassador, whom he severely wounded in a duel. He lent his influence to the revol. outbreak of Aug. 1854 in Madrid, and was led, by his peculiar views on the sub ject of the acquisition of Cuba by the U.S., to exceed instructions, and to withhold a treatv for reciprocity of trade between the U.S. and Cuba which had been concluded by our sec. of legation at Madrid during the temporary absence of the minister. He joined in the Os- tend Conference in 1854, returned to the U.S. in 1855, and is understood to have opposed the secession of La. In 1862 he was arrested in N. Orleans for disloyalty to the govt., and con fined some months in Fort Lafayette, but was released on condition that he would leave the country. He returned to N. Orleans a few months before his death. Soulouque (soo-look ), FAUSTIN, a Hay- tien general, and emperor under the title of FATJSTIN I., b. in the southern part of St. Do mingo in 1789; d. Jamaica, W.I., Aug. 6, 1867. A slave by birth, he was freed by the decree of 1790; took part in the negro insurrection against the French in 1803 ; served as capt. under Boyer in 1820, as col. under Herard in 1844, as brig.-gen. under Guerrier in 1845; and com. a division at the time of the death of Riche in 1846. While the generals Souttran and Paul were disputing and plotting for the succession, the senate unexpectedly elected Soulouque to the presidency, March. 1, 1847. He belonged to the mulatto party ; but, jealous of their power, he began to attach the blacks to his interest, and to pursue a system of ter ror toward the citizens, who were decimated in 1848 by confiscations, proscriptions, and ex ecution. He attempted, unsuccessfully, to subjugate the republic of St. Domingo. In 1849 he caused the restoration of the empire, ostensibly by the will of the people ; was chosen emperor (Aug. 26) ; surrounded himself with a numerous court ; and issued a constitution, re serving to himself, however, the right at any juncture to rule as he pleased. He was crowned with great pomp, Apr. 18, 1852, imi tating on the occasion the ceremonial at the coronation of Napoleon I. In 1855, while re peating his attempt to conquer St. Domingo with 10,000 men, he was completely defeated by Santana. He was also defeated in the next campaign. A commercial crisis in 1858 in creased the general discontent, and Gen. Gcf- frard, an enterprising mulatto, led a rebellion. and was recognized as pres. of the republic of Hayti by the clerk and officials. Soulouque took refuge, Jan. 15, 1859, on board a British frigate, and afterward resided in Jamaica. Southard, SAMUEL LEWIS, LL.D. (U. of Pa. 1832), an eminent lawyer and statesman, b. Basking Ridge, N. J., June 9, 1787 ; d. Fred- ericksburg, Va ., June 26, 1842. N.J. Coll. 1804. Son of Henry, Revol. soldier and M.C, sou 852 (1801-11 and 1 81 5-21 ),b. L.I. Oct. 1747, d. 22 May, 1842. Samuel taught school 18 months in his native State ; was tutor in the family of Hon. John Taliaferro of Va. until 1810; stud ied law, and was adm. to practice in that State ; in 1811 he located himself at Heming- ton, N. J.; in 1814 was adm. as counsel lor-at- law, and app. law-reporter by the legisl. ; in 1815 was app. assoc. justice of the Sup. Court of N. J. ; U.S. senator, Jan. 22, 1821 -March 4, 1827; was app. sec. U.S.N. in 1823; was also acting sec. of the treasury during 5 or 6 months of 1825 ; for a short period acted as sec. of war; in 1829 was app. atty.-gen. of N. J.; in 1832 was gov. of the State; and again II. S. senator from 1833 to his death, becoming in 1841 pres. of that body. In 1831 he was elected a mem ber of the Philos. Society. He is remembered in N. J. as the " favorite son " of that State. He pub. "Reports Sup. Ct. of N.J.," 1816- 20, 2 vols. 8vo, addresses, discourses, speeches, c. SAMUEL LEWIS, his son, b. Trenton, 1819, d. 1859. N. J. Coll. 1836. Prot.-Epis. divine. Author of "The Mystery of Godli ness," 8vo, 1848; "Pastoral Letter to Calvary Church, N.Y.," 1849; " Sermon on the Death of Henry Clay," 1852. Southgate, HORATIO, D.D., b. Portland, Me., 1812. Bowd. Coll. 1832 ; And. Theol. Sem. 1835. Ord. Prot.-Epis. Ch. 1836; bishop of Constantinople 1844-50 ; elected bishop of Cal. in 1850, but declined; rector of St. Mark s, Portland, 1851-2; of the Ch. of the Advent, Boston, 1852-8. Horatio his father, a lawyer of Portland (b. Scarborough, Me., 1781; regis ter of probate for Cumb. Co. 1815-36), pub. in 1830 " The Probate Manual." The son is the author of " Tour in Armenia, Kurdistan," &c., 1841, 2 vols. 8vo; "Practical Directions for Lent," 1850; "Visit to the Church of Mesopotamia," &c., 12mo, 1844; "The War in the East," 1855; "Parochial Sermons," 1859 ; also of some pamphlets, and contribs. to periodicals. Southwick, SOLOMON, editor and politi cian, b. R.I. ab. 1774; d. Albany, N.Y., Nov. 18, 1839. He was brought up to the trade of a baker ; but, after having been a journeyman- printer in Albany, about the beginning of the century he became sole editor of the Albany Ret/ister, which under his management became the leading Repub. or Dcmoc. paper in the State ; but Mr. Southwick quarrelled with his party, and alienated his friends, and the Regis ter died in 1817. He afterwards entered into numerous wild speculations, and finally became bankrupt. Though a fatalist in religion, he nevertheless established a religious paper called the Christian Visitant,^ which, in addition to his political paper, he edited with talent ; also, for a time, carrying on an agricultural paper called the Plou /hboy, which died from want of support. He afterward prepared an able course of lec tures in behalf of the temperance cause, an other upon biblical literature, and another upon self-education, which he delivered exten sively throughout the State. Southworth, EMMA D. E. (NEVITTE), novelist, b. Washington, D.C., Dec. 26, 1818. She was married in 1841, and in 1843 was obliged to resort to her pen for support, and made her cWmt as a writer in the National Era, a newspaper of Washington, to which she be came a regular contrib. of tales and sketches. Her first novel, "Retribution," written while engaged in school-teaching in Washington, ap peared in 1849. She has since produced " The Deserted Wife," Shannondale," " The Curse of Clifton," " The Lost Heiress," " The Dis carded Daughter," and many others, which have attained considerable popularity. Her novels display strong dramatic power, and con tain many excellent descriptive passages of the Southern life and scenery to which they are chiefly devoted. In 1853 she removed to a charming villa on the Potomac Heights, near Georgetown ; and has since been engaged as a regular contributor to the N. Y. Ledger. Southworth, NATHANIEL, miniature- painter, b. Scituate, Ms., 1806; d. Dorchester, Apr. 25, 1858. He early manifested talent in drawing, and, establishing himself in Boston, ranked as one of the best in his dept. of the art. His likenesses were characterized by accuracy in drawing and great delicacy in execution. After visiting Europe in 1848, he practised his profession in New York and Philadelphia. Sower, CHRISTOPHER, printer and pub lisher of Phila., b. Germany; d. Sept. 1758. He pub. in 1739 a quarterly journal in Ger man, the first of its kind in a foreign lan guage issued in Pa. ; established the first type- foundry and printer^ -ink manuf. in the coun try; and in 1743 printed a German quarto Bi ble. He possessed great influence among his countrymen, frequently acting as their repre sentative in their intercourse with the govt. About 1 744 he resigned his business to his son CHRISTOPHER, b. Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, Sept. 26, 1721, d. Aug. 1784. He emigrated with his father to Pa. in 1726, and conducted by far the most extensive book-manuf. then, and for many years subsequently, established in America. He is supposed to be the invent or of cast-iron stoves, and it is certain that he introduced the use of them. He was noted for philanthropy, and during the Revol. dis tributed flour and potatoes by the wagon-load among the destitute families of the militia in service. He was subsequently known as "Das Brod - Vater," the bread-father. The Revol . broke up his establishment ; and, taking part with the loyalists, his estate was confiscated. Spaight, RICHARD D., gov. of N.C. 1792- 5 ; killed in a duel with John Stanley, Sept. 5, 1802. He commenced his academic studies in Ireland, and completed them at the U. of Glas gow. He joined the Amer. army in 1778 as aide to Gen. Caswell, and was at the battle of Camden in 1780. In 1781 he entered the house of commons of N.C. ; in 1782-4 was a mem ber of the Cont. Congress, also in 1785-6; was one of the delegates to frame the U.S. Con stitution ; in 1792 he was again elected to the local legisl. ; M.C. 1798-1701, after which he was elected to the State senate. Spaight, RICHARD DOBBS, lawyer and statesman, son of the preceding, b. Newborn, N.C., 1796; d. there Nov. 1850. U. of N.C. 1815. Member of the house in 1819; of the State senate in 1820-2; M.C. 1823-4; again a State senator in 1824-34 ; and in 1835-7 waa 853 g )v. of the State. Member of the State Const. Convention in 1835. Spalding, BENEDICT JOSEPH, D.D., ad ministrator of theR.C. diocese of Louisville, Ky., b. Marion Co., Ky., 1810; d. Louisville, Ky., Aug. 4, 1868. He studied at St. Mary s Coll. and at Bardstown ; grad. at the Coll. of the Propaganda, Rome, in 1837; was made priest, and, returning home, taught for several mouths at the St. Thomas Sem. ; and was afterward agent and econome in St. Joseph s Coll. In 1840-2 he carried on, with Rev. John Hutch- ins, a seminary for boys in Breckinridge Co. Vice-pres. of St. Joseph s Coll. in 1842-4; pastor of St. Joseph s, Bardstown, from July, 1844, till 1849; and from 1849 till his death pastor of the Cathedral Church, Louisville, and vicar-gen, of the diocese. His property, which \vas considerable, was left for benevolent ob jects. He \vas greatly beloved both by Catho lics and Protestants for his blameless life, his generous liberality, and his self-sacrificing dis position. Spalding, LYMAN, M.D. (Dartm. 1798), physician and med. writer, b. Cornish, N.H., 5 June, 1775 ; d. Portsm., N.H., 31 Oct. 1821. II. U. 1797. He studied under Dr. Nathan Smith, whom he aided in establishing the med. school at Dartm. Coll. ; delivered there the first course of chemical lectures; and began practice at Portsm. in 1799. He was a skilful anatomist ; became pres. of the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons in Western N.Y. in 1812; and removed to N.Y. City in 1813. He planned the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, and was one of the committee for its pub. in 1820 ; and was a mem ber of many learned societies in America and Europe. He pub. " A New Nomenclature of Chemistry," 1799; " Inaug. Address," 1813; " History of Scutellaria ; " " Reflections on Yellow-Fever," 1819; and was a contrib. to many med. and philos. journals. Spalding, MARTIN JOHN, D.D., R.C. archbishop of Baltimore, b. Marion Co., Ky., May 23, 1810. Consec. bishop of Leugone, Sept. 10, 1848 ; succeeded to the see of Louis ville, Feb. 11, 1850; transl. to Baltimore, May 6, 18G4. Educated at St. Mary s (near Lebanon, sions of Ky.," 8vo, 1844; "Lectures on the Evidences of Catholicity," 1847 ; " Life of Rt. Rev. B. J. Flaget," 1852 ; " History of the Prot. Reformation," 2 vols. 1860. He edited the Abbe Darras s "History of the Catholic Church," 4 vols. 8vo, 1865-6. D. Feb. 7, 1872. Spalding, RUFDS PAINE, lawyer, and M.C. 1863-9, b. West Tisbury, Ms., May 3, 1798. Y. C. 1817. He removed with his par ents to Ct. when very young ; m. a dau. of Judge Zeph. Swift ; "settled as a lawyer in Trumbull Co., 0., in 1821 ; was elected to the legisl. in 1839 ; re-elected in 1841, and chosen speaker; judge of the Ohio Sup. Ct. from Feb. 1849 to Feb. 1852; and afterwards practised law in Cleveland. Spalding, SOLOMON, author of the " Book of Mormon," b. Ashford, Ct., 1761 ; d. Amitv, Washington County, Pa., 1816. Dartm. Coll. 1785. He had been a soldier in the Revol. army ; became a licentiate of the Windham (Ct.) Cong. Assoc. Oct. 9, 1787 ; preached 8 01 10 years, when he was ord. an evangelist, but did not settle, owing to ill-health. While resid ing in Salem, Ohio, about 1812, he wrote a work of fiction suggested by the opening of a mound in which were discovered human bones, and some relics indicative of a former civilized race : he entitled it " The Manuscript Found." About 1814 he went to Pittsburg, Pa., where he was followed by Sidney Rigdon, then a printer, and afterward a noted Mormon. He told his employer of Spalding s novel, who borrowed the manuscript, and oifered to print it. His widow returned to New York with it; but it was afterwards stolen from her. The uniform testimony of those who read the work is, that the basis, and in great part the form thereof, now constitute the Mormon Bible. Hist. Mag., Aug. 1869 ; Alumni D.C. Spangenberg, AUGUSTUS GOTTLIEB, Ph. D. (Jena, 1726), a Moravian bishop, b. Klettenberg, Germany, 15 July, 1704 ; d. near Hernhutt, 18 Sept. 1792. The son of a cler gyman. He aided in establishing near Jena free schools for poor children ; became in 1731 a prof, in the U. of Halle, and assist, supt. of Francke s Orphan House ; and, joining the Mo ravians in 1733, was a missionary to the W. Indies and North America in 1735-9. He es tablished a colonyin Ga., and received a grant of land, a part of which is within the present limits of Savannah. He preached to the Germans of Pa. ; and his report on the state of religion there induced his church to found the town of Bethlehem ; made a bishop in 1 745. He was again in America in 1744-9, and a third time in 1751-June, 1762. He made frequent journeys to the Indian country; was adopted by the Oneidas, and was highly respected by the In dians. A large tract of laud in Western N.C. was bought in 1752, and a pioneer church planted there. During the French and Indian war of 1755-62, Bethlehem became the frontier post, and was stockaded and guarded by the Christian Indians, thus affording protection to the country south of it. On the death of Zin- zendorfF in 1760, he was called to the supreme council of the sect, and in 1764 app. supreme inspector in Upper Alsatia. Made in 1789 pres. of the gen. directory. Author of " Biog raphy of Zinzendorff," 1772-5, 8 vols. 8vo, and "Idea Fidei Fratrum," 8vo, 1779. Sparks, JARED, LL.D. (H. U. 1843), his torian, b. Willington, Ct., May 10, 1789; d. Cambridge, Ms., March 14, 1866. H.U. 1815. Tutor 1 81 7-19. His youth was passed in agric, and mechanical occupations. During his col lege course he taught for a time a small private school at Havre de Grace, Md., and while there served in the militia called out to repel an an ticipated attack by the British. He studied theology at Camb. ; and also became one of the conductors of the N. A. Review, of which he was sole proprietor and editor in 1823-30. From May 5, 1819, until 1823, when his health became impaired, he was a Unitarian minister in Baltimore. In 1821 he was elected chaplain to the house of representatives ; McLean prof, of history at H. U. in 1839-49; and pres. in 1849-52; in 1857 he made a European toui SFK 854 SIPE with his family, and afterward resided in Cam bridge. He pub. in 1820 " Letters on the Min istry, Ritual, and Doctrine of the Prot.-Ep. Church ; " " Unitarian Miscellany and Chris tian Monitor," 1821-3; " Comparative Moral Tendency of Trinitarian and Unitarian Doc trines," 1 823 ; " Essays and Tracts on Theolo gy," 6 vols. 1826 ; " Life of John Ledyard," 1828 ; " The Writings of George Washington, with a Life," 12 vols. 8vo, 1834-7 ; " The Diplomatic Corresp. of the Amer. Revol.," 12 vols. 8vo, 1829-30 ; " The Life of Gouverneur Morris," 3 vols. 8vo, 1832; "The American Almanac," 1830; "Library of Amer. Biog.," 25 vols. 18mo, 1834-8 and 1844-8; "The Works of Benjamin Franklin, with a Life," 10 vols. 8vo, 1840. His long and important labors in illustration of American history were closed in 1854 by his" Corresp. of the Amer. Revol.," 4 vols. 8vo, 1854. His historical writings evince thorough research, candid judgment, dispassionate criticism, and accuracy and sim plicity of style. In 1852 he printed two pam phlets in defence of his mode of editing the Writings of Washington, in reply to the stric tures of Lord Mahon and others ; and a similar pamphlet in 1853, occasioned by a reprint of the original letters from Washington to Joseph Reed. His "Washington" cost him 9 years of labor, including researches in 1 828 in the ar chives of London and Paris, then opened for the first time for historical purposes, and the personal examination of the Revol. papers in the public offices of the original 13 States and the dept. at Washington. He also secured the possession of all the Washington papers at Mt. Vernon. To his series of Biography he con- trib. Lives of Ethan Allen, Marquette, Arnold, De La Salle, Pulaski, Ribault, Charles Lee, and Ledyard. A Memoir of Sparks, by G. E. Ellis, D.D., was pub. 1869. Spear, CHARLES, Universalist minister, b. Boston; d. Washington, D.C., 1863. His la bors in behalf of prisoners were constant, visit ing them, and, after their release, aiding them to obtain employment. Author of " Names and Titles of Christ," 16th ed., 1844; "Essays on the Punishment of Death," 1844; "Plea for Discharged Convicts," 1844; "Voices from Prison," a selection of Poems. Edited the Prisoner s Friend 1849-54, 6 vols. 8vo. Speece, COXRAD, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1820), b. N. London, Va.,Nov. 7, 1776 ; d. Staunton, Va., Feb. 15, 1836. Employed in farm-labor until 16. Educated atLiberty Hall, since known as Wash. Coll. ; studied divinity, and was a Baptist preacher, and a tutor in Hampden-Sid. Coll. Licensed by the presbytery of Hanover 1801. He published in the Republican Farmer, weekly, "The Mountaineer," 1813-16, a de- script. of men and things in Va., after the manner of the Spectator; a number of single sermons, 1810-32 ; and some poems. Pastor of the Augusta Church, Va., 1813-36. Speed, JAMES, lawyer, b. Jeff. Co., Ky., March 11, 1812. St. Joseph Coll. Studied law at Transylv. U. ; adm. to the bar, and practised at Louisville from 1833 ; member of the leisl. in 1847; State senator 1861 ; U.S. atty.-gen. Nov. 1864-July, 1866; resumed his profession ; delegate, and pres. of the Phila, Loyalists Convention of 1866. Spelman, HENRY, third son of Sir Henry the antiquary. Came to Va. in 1609. Author of "Relation of Virginia," pub. Lond. 1861. Spence, ROBERT TRAIL, capt. U.S.N., b. Portsmouth, N. H. ; d. near Baltimore, 26 Sept. 1826. Midshipm. 15 May, 1800 ; lient. 17 Feb. 1807 ; com. 24 July, 1813 ; captain 28 Feb. 1815. He served under Preble in the at tack on Tripoli, July-Sept. 1804. Spencer, AMBROSE, LL.D. (H.U. 1821), politician and jurist, b. Salisbury, Ct., Dec.i 13, 1765; d. Lyons, N.Y., March 13, 1848. H.U. 1783. The son of a farmer and median- 1 ic. Educated, together with his bro. Philip, at Yale and at Harvard. He studied law with John Canfield of Sharon, Ct., whose dau. he m. before he was 19, and settled in Hudson, N.Y. In 1786 he was app. clerk of that citv; in 1793 he was elected a member of the As sembly; in 1795 he was elected to the senate for 3 years, and in 1798 was re-elected for 4 years. He was the author of a bill, which be came a law, meliorating the criminal code, and authorizing the erection of a State prison near New York. It abolished the punishment of death in all cases but treason and murder, and substituted imprisonment and hard labor. In 1796 he was app. assist, atty.-gen. ; atty.-gen. in 1802-4; and in 1804 he received the app. of a justice of the Supreme Court, of which he was chief justice in 1819-23. Though a la borious and eminent lawyer, Judge Spencer never failed to take the most lively interest, in politics. He was the warm friend of De Witt Clinton, but separated from him on the ques tion of the war of 1812. In 1812 he was ac tive in the struggle to prevent the charter of the six-million bank. Member of the State Const. Conv. in 1821 ; resumed for awhile the practice of his profession at Albany ; and was subsequently employed in various public du ties, particularly that of mayor of Albany ; M.C. 1829-31. In 1839 he removed to the village of Lyons. In 1844 he presided at the Whig Nat. Convention, held at Baltimore. While in Congress, the difficulty with the Cherokee Indians enlisted in their behalf his warmest sympathies, and he united with Wirt and other philanthropists in the vain endeavor to arrest the monstrous injustice of our government. Spencer, MRS. BELLA Z., authoress, b. London, Eng., ab. 1840; d. Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1 Aug. 1867. She came to the U.S. in infan cy ; m. Gen. Geo. E. Spencer in 1862, and was the author of "Tried and True," 1866; " Surface and Depth," 1867 ; " Ora, the Lost Wife," 1864; and other works. Spencer, ELIHU, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1782), Presbyt. pastor, b. E. Hadclam, Ct., Feb. 12, 1721 ; d. Trenton, Dec. 27, 1784. Y.C. 1746. Ord. Sept. 14, 1748. Descended from Jarcd of Cambridge, 1634, who settled in Hmklam in 1660. Missionary to the Oneidas in 1748- 9; pastor at Elizabethtown, N. J., Feb. 7, 1 750-6 ; afterwards at St. George s, Del. ; anil from Oct. 1769 at Trenton, N. J. Gen. Jo seph was his bro. A dau. m. Jonathan Dick inson Sergeant. Sprague. SIPE 855 SFI Spencer, ICHABOD SMITH, D.D. (Ham. Coll. 1841), Presb. minister, b. Rupert, Vt., Feb. 23, 1798; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Nov. 23, 1854. Union Coll. 1822. Descended from Thos., a first settler of Hartford, who d. 1687. He studied at Salem Acad., N.Y., and taught school at Schenectady and Canandaigua. Set tled at Northampton, Sept. 11, 1828, as col league with Mr. Williams ; dism. March 12, 1832, and was pastor of the Second Church, Brooklyn, until his death. Besides occas. ser mons, he published two vols. of " Pastoral Sketches." His sermons, with Memoir, were pub. by J. M. Sherwood, 2 vols. 1855; his Sacramental Discourses by Gardiner Spring, 1 861 ; " Evidences of Divine Revelation," 1865. Spencer, JESSE AMES, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1852), clergyman and author, b. Hyde Park, N.Y., June" 17, 1816. Col. Coll. 1837. Re moving to N.Y. City in 1825, he was several years assist, to his father as city surveyor. He studied theology in the Gen. Sem. of the Epis. Church; was ord. deacon in July, 1840, and priest in 1841. After 2 years ministerial la bor at Goshen, N.Y., he was compelled by ill- health to make a trip to Europe, and on his return engaged in educational and literary oc cupations. In 1848-9 he travelled in Europe, .Egypt, and the Holy Land ; and in 1850 was app. prof, of Latin and Oriental languages in Burlington Coll., N. J. He became editor and sec. of the Epis. Sunday-school Union and Church Book Society in Nov. 1851, but re signed in 1857 ; in 1858 was elected vice-pres. of the Troy U., but declined; prof, of Greek in the Coll. of N.Y. City since Oct. 1869. He has pub. a vol. of " Discourses," 1843 ; " His tory of the English Reformation," 1846 ; " The New Testament in Greek, with Notes," 1847; " Caesar s Commentaries," 1848; " Egypt and the Holy Land," 1849; and a " History of the U.S.," 4 vols. 8vo, 1858. He has also edited a valuable series of classical books by T. K. Arnold. Spencer, JOHN CANFIELD, LL.D., lawyer and politician, b. Hudson, N.Y., Jan. 8, 1788; d. Albany, N. Y., May 18, 1855. Un. Coll. 1806. Son of Chief Justice Ambrose. In 1809 he m., and opened a aw-office in Canan- daigua, whence in 1845 he removed to Albany. Becoming at the age of 1 9 private sec. to Gov. Tompkins, from that time until his last illness he was prominent in public affairs. In 1811 he was made master in chancery ; in 1813 brigade judge-advocate in active service on the frontier; in 1814 postmaster of Canan- daigua; in 1815 assistant atty.-gen. for the western part of the State ; and was M.C. from 1817 to 1819. While there, as one of the com. to examine into the affairs of the U.S. Bank, he drew up its report. When, 15 years after wards, the final struggle came, and Gen. Jack son was using the means furnished to his hand by this report, Mr. Spencer was found among the friends of the bank. In 1819-20 he was a member of the Assembly, and was speaker in 1 820 ; State senator in 1*824-8 ; in 1 827 he was app. by Gov. Clinton one of the board to revise the statutes of New York, and took an impor tant part in the performance of that laborious and responsible task. Joining the anti-Masonic party, he was app. special atty.-gen. under the law passed for that purpose, to prosecute those connected with the alleged abduction of Mor gan, but resigned in May, 1830, having, mean while, involved himself in a controversy with Gov. Throop. IK 1832 he was again elected to the Assembly ; in 1839-41 he was sec. of state, and supt. of common schools ; in Oct. 1841 he was made sec. of war by Pres. Tyler ; and in March, 1843, was transferred to the treasurv dept., but resigned in 1844 from his opposition to the annexation of Texas, and afterward de voted himself t , the practice of his profession. The organization of the State asylum for idiots, and the improvement of the common-school system of the State, were, to a very considerable extent, due to him. He edited the first Amer ican edition of De Tocqueville s "Democracy in America," with an original preface and notes. Spencer, GEN. JOSEPH, b. East Haddam, Ct., 1714; d. there Jan. 13, 1789. Judge of probate in 1753; joined the Northern army in 1758 as major under Col. Whiting, and as lieut.-col. in tlie two following campaigns, when he acquired the reputation of a brave and good officer. Elected a member of the council in 1 766, and was app. brig.-gen. in the Cont. army, June 22, 1775; maj.-gen. Aug. 9, 1776. He was with the army in the exped. against R.I. in 1778, and assisted in Sullivan s retreat; and resigned 14 June, 1778, in consequence of an order by Congress to inquire into the reasons of the failure on his part to carry out the plan of an exped. against the British in R.I. the preceding year. In 1779 he was elect ed to Congress, and in 1780 was again elected into the council, and was annually re-elected until his death. He was highly esteemed by Washington. Spencer, PLATT R., teacher and author of the " Spencerian " system of penmanship, b. Greene Co., N. Y., 1801; d. Geneva, O., 16 May, 1864. Spencer, THOMAS, M. D., founder and prof, of the Medical Coll. at Geneva, N.Y., b. Great Barrington, Ms., 1793; d. Phila. May 30, 1857. He was a surgeon in the army dur ing the Mexican war, and was afterward prof, in a med. coll. in Chicago and in Phila. He had been pres. of the N.Y. Medical Assoc., and was the author of " Chemistry of Animal Life," 1845 ; "Epidemic Diarrhoea," 8vo, 1832; "Introductory Lecture at Geneva College," 1842. See Memoir by S. D. Willard, M.D., 8vo, 1858. Spencer, WILLIAM A., capt. U.S.N., b. N.Y. 1793 ; d. N. Y. City, 3 Mar. 1854. Son of Judge Ambrose. Midshipm. 15 Nov. 1809 ; lieut. 9 Dec. 1814 ; com. 3 Mar. 1831; capt. 22 Jan. 1841 ; resigned 9 Dec. 1843. Acting lieut. in Macdonough s victory on Lake Champlain 11 Sept. 1812. Spinner, FRANCIS E., U.S. treas. since 1861, b. German Flats, Herk. Co., N.Y., 21 Jan. 1802. Educated by his father, a German cler gyman. 20 years the exec, officer of the Mo hawk-valley Bank; major-gen, of militia; co. sheriff; auditor in the naval office, New York, 1845-9; M.C. 1855-61. S:PO 856 Spoffbrd, HARRIET ELIZABETH (PRES- COTT), author, b. Calais, Me., 3 April, 1835. Dan. of Joseph VV. Prescott ; married in 1865 to R. S. Spotfbrd, jun., of Newburyport, Ms. She has pub. "Sir Rohan s Ghost," 12mo, 1859; " The Amber Gods, and Other Stories," 1863 ; "Azarian,"an episode, 1864. Contributed to Atlantic Monthly, N. A. Review, Our Young Folks, Harper s and Knickerbocker Magazines, the Gti/a.n/, &c. Spooner, ALDEN JEREMIAH, editor Brook lyn 6V/-, and 20 years contrib. to the Knicker bocker and Column s Monthly Mags., b. Sag Har bor, L.I., 2 Feb. 1810. Editor, with notes and memoir, G. Furman s " History of Brooklyn," and also Wood s "Hist, of Long Island," with Memoir of Wood, and additions. Spooner, LTSANDER, b. Petersham, Ms., 1808. Author of "The Deist s Reply," c., 8vo, 1836 ; " Credit, Currency, and Banking," 1843 ; " Unconstitutionality of prohibiting Pri vate Mails;" "Unconstitutionality of Slave ry," 1845 ; " Poverty, Causes and Cure," 1846 ; " A Defence for Fugitive Slaves," 1856; "Trial by Jury," 1852; "New System of Paper Currency/ 1861; "Considerations on U.S. Bonds," 1866; "No Treason," 1867. He is a vigorous and perspicuous writer. Alii bone. Spooner, SHEARJASHUB, M.D. (Coll. of Ph. and Surg. 1835), b. Brandon, Vt., 1809; d. Plainfield, N. J., March, 1859. Midd. Coll. 1830. He practised dentistry with success in New York until 1858, when he removed to Plainfield, N. J. Author of " Guide to Sound Teeth," 1836 ; " Art of Manuf. Mineral Teeth," 1837 ; " Treatise on Dentistry," 8vo, 1838 ; " Anecdotes of Painters," &c., 3 vols. 1853 ; " Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Engravers," &c., 2 vols/8vo, 1865. Allibone. Spotswood, COL. ALEXANDER, gov. of Va. 1710-23, b. Tangier, Africa, 1676; d. An napolis, Md., 7 June, 1740. Bred to the army, h.e served under Marlborough ; was danger ously wounded at Blenheim, and became dep. quartcrm.-gen. ; he was app. postmaster in 1730, and in 1739 com. of the forces intend ed to operate against Fla. He was the author of an act improving the staple of tobacco, and making tobacco-notes the medium of ordinary circulation; was the father of the iron manuf. in Va. ; was the first, to explore the Appalachian Mountains ; exerted himself to befriend Wm. and Mary Coll. ; and was zealous in efforts to Christianize the Indians. His son ROBERT was killed by Indians in 1757. A grandson, Col. ALEX., a disting. Revol. officer, app. maj. 2d Va. Regt. 13 Feb. 1776, m. Eliza, niece of Gen. Washington, d. Not tingham, Va., 20 Dec. 1818. JOHN, bro. of the last, also a Revol. officer, was severely wounded at the battle of Germantown. SpoltS, JAMES H.. capt. U.S.N., b. N.C. March 11, 1821. Midshipm. Aug. 2, 1837; Ik-ut. Nov. 21, 1851 ; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. Com. steamer "Magnolia," E. Gulf block, squad., 1862; steamer " South Carolina," S.A. block, squad., 1863-4 ; steamer "Powhntan," N.A. block, squad., 1864-5 ; in both enuMirements with Fort Fisher, Nov. 1864 and Jan. 1865; in the engagement with Fort Anderson and in the Cape-Fear River Feb. 1865; also at the bombard, of batteries above Dutch Gap. James River, Apr. 1865 ; com. " Guerriere," 1870. Hamersly. Sprague, CHARLES, poet, b. Boston, Oct. 26, 1791. Son of Samuel, one of the famous tea-party. At the age of ten he unfortunately lost the vision of his left eye. He engaged in mercantile business until 1820, when he be came a teller in the State Bank, and on the establishment of the Globe Bank (in 1825) was chosen cashier, a station he occupied until 1865. He has six times received the prize for the best poems for the American stage, becoming known as a poet by bein in 1821 the successful com petitor for the prize ottered for the best prol ogue at the opening of the Park Theatre, N.Y. In 1823 he wrote the prize ode for the pageant in honor of Shakspeare at the Boston Theatre ; in 1 830 he pronounced an ode at the centennial celebration of the settlement of Boston; in 1827 he delivered an address on intemperance ; and at the commencement at Harvard, 1829, delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society the ingenious poem " Curios ity." He was of the city council in 1823, 24, and 27, and delivered the city oration July 4, 1825. Among his best pieces are the " Ode on Shakspeare," and the "Winged Worshippers." An edition of his poems and prose writings appeared in 1855, 8vo. Died Boston, Jan. 21, 1875. A son, CHARLES JAMES, has also written verses in a delicate vein of sentiment. Sprague, JOHN T., col. U.S.A., b. New buryport, Ms., 1812. App. lieut. U.S. marines 17 Oct. 1834; served against the Creek and Seminole Indians; adj. Nov. 1843-6; brov. capt. 15 Mar. 1842 for good conduct in Fla. war; capt. Sept. 1846; maj. 1st Inf. 14 May, 1861 ; chief of staff to Gen. Pope; adj. -gen. of N.Y. 1861-5; licut.-col. llth Inf. Mar. 1*63; col. 7th Inf. 12 June, 1865; and retired 15 July, 1870. Author of a "History of the Florida War," 8vo, 1848. Sprague, PELEG, LL.D. (H.U. 1847), jurist, b. Duxbury, Ms., Apr. 28, 1793. H.U. 1812. Litchf. Law School. William his an cestor is supposed to have come over with Rev. Mr. Higginson to Salem in 1629, and settled at Hingham. Adm. to the Plymouth-Co, bar in Aug. 1815 ; practised 2 years in Augusta, Me., and then settled in Hallowcll, where he speedily acquired distinction. Member of the Me. Icgisl. 1820-1; M.C. 1825-9; U.S. senator 1829-35; U.S. dist. judge of Ms. 1341-65. Judge Sprague removed to Boston in 1835* Author of " Speeches and Addresses/ 8vo, 1858; "Decisions," 1841-61, edited by F. E. Parker, 8vo, 1861; vol. ii. 1854-64, 8vb, 186^. Willis s Lawyers of Me. Sprague, WILLIAM, gov. of R.I. 183S-9, b. Cranston, R.I., 1800; d. Providence, Oct. 19, 1851. When quite young, he was elected to the General Assembly, and in 1832 \vas chosen speaker of the house; M.C. in 1836-8; U.S. senator 1842-5; and afterwards member of the Assembly of his State. He was engaged largely in the manuf. of cotton, and was pros. of the Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill Kail- road, of the Globe Bank, and of the People s Savings Bank 857 SI?:R Sprague, WILLIAM, gov. of R.I. in 1860- 3, b. Cranston, R.I., Sept. 12, 1 830. Nephew of the preceding. Amasa, his father, was mur dered at Cranston, R.I., ab. Jan. 1844. He has been engaged from boyhood in the calico print-works founded by his grandfather Wil liam, after whose death they were carried on by his father and uncle, and in which he became partner. In Feb. 1861 he offered to the Pres. 1,000 men and a battery of artillery, and, as soon as the call for troops was made, hastened with them to the field. The commiss. of brig.- gen. of vols. was offered him ; but he refused it. He fought with the R.I. troops at Bull Run, where his horse was shot under him, and in several engagements of the Chickahominy campaign. Chosen U.S. senator for 6 years from Mar. 4, 1863, and re-elected for the fol lowing term. Sprague, WILLIAM BUELL, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1828), clergyman and author, b. An- dover, Ct., Oct. 16, 1795. Y.C. 1815. Princet. Theol. Sem. 1819. Private tutor in the family of Maj. Lawrence Lewis of Va. one year ; was colleague pastor, with Rev. Joseph Lathrop, of the First Cong. Church, West Springfield, Ms., 1819-29 ; and was from Aug. 26, 1829 to 1870, pastor of the Second Presb. Church at Albany. He visited Europe in 1 828 and 1 836. His writ ings are, " Several Discourses on Special Occa sions," 1821 ; "Letters to a Daughter," 1822; "Letters from Europe," 1828 ; " Life of E. D. Griffin," 1838; "Life of Timothy D wight," in Sparks s "Amer. Biog.," 1845; "Lec tures on Revivals of Religion," 1832 ; "Hints on Christian Intercourse," 1834; " Contrast be tween True and False Religion," 1837; "Aids to Early Religion," 1847 ; " Words to a Young Man s Conscience," 1848; "Visits to Euro pean Celebrities," 1 855 ; " Annals of the Amer. Pulpit," 9 vols. 8vo, 1857-66; "Lectures to Young People," 1825; "Letters to Young Men," 1854; "Women of the Bible," 8vo, 1850; "Memoirs of Rev. John and W. A. McDowell, D.D.," 1864; and was a contrib. to Applcton s New Amer. Cyclop. He has also written numerous introductions to biog. and other works, and is the author of more than 100 pamphlets. Among these are "Funeral Sermon on Dr. Joseph Lathrop," 1821 ; " Hist. Discourse at West Springfield," 1 824 " Fourth- of-July Discourse at Northampton," 1827 ; " A Sermon at Albany in behalf of the Polish Exiles," 1834; "Oration Commemorative of Lafayette, at Albany," 1834; "Phi Beta Kappa Address" at Yale, 1843; "Address Before the Philomathesian Society of Middle- bury Coll.," 1844; "Hist. Discourse on the Second Presb. Church of Albany," 1846; ^ Dis courses on Dr. Chalmers and Silas Wright," 1847; "Ambrose Spencer," 1848; and on " Samuel Miller of Princeton," 1850. He had one of the largest collections of autographs in America; d. Flushing, L. I., May 7, 1876. Spring, GARDINER, D.D. (Ham. 1819), LL.D. (Laf. Coil. 1853), author and clergyman, b. Newburyport, Ms., Feb. 24, 1785. Y.C. 1805. Son of Rev. Samuel. He studied law with Judge Daggett at New Haven; taught school 15 months in Bermuhi; was adm. to the bur iu December, 1808, ind commenced practice ; but was induced soon after to study theology. After studying at Andover, he was licensed toward the end of 1809, and Aug. 10, 1810, was called to the Brick Church in N.Y. City, where he afterward remained, unmoved by invitations to preside at Hamilton and Dart mouth Colleges, maintaining for over half a century a position as one of the most popular preachers and esteemed divines of the city. His works include " The Attraction of the Cross," 1845; "The Mercy - Seat," 1849: " First Things," 1851 ; " The Glory of Christ," 1852; "The Power of the Pulpit." 1848; " Short Sermons for the People ; " " The Obligations of the World to the Bible," 1844 ; " Miscellanies," including " Essays on the Dis tinguishing Traits of Christian Character," 1813; "The Church in the Wilderness;" " Memoirs of the Late Hannah L. Murray," 1849 ; " Memoirs of Rev. S. J. Mills," 1820 ; " Fragments from the Study of a Pastor," 1838 ; " The Bible not of Man," 1847 ; " Dis courses to Seamen," 1847 ; " Contrast between Good and Bad Men," 2 vols. 1855; "Brick- Church Memorial," 1861; "Pulpit Ministra tions," 2 vols. 8vo, 1864; and "Personal Reminiscences," 2 vols. 8vo, 1866. His works are pub. 10 vols. 8vo, 1855; d. Aug. 18, 1873. Spring, MARSHALL, M.D., physician, b. Watertown, Ms., Feb. 19, 1742 ; d. "there Jan. 11,1818. H.U. 1762. He studied under his maternal uncle, Dr. Josiah Converse, and, after a short residence at St. Eustatia, settled in Watertown, where he soon acquired a large practice. Though differing in political sen timent from his neighbors, he was early on the ground at Lexington, skilfully attending the wounded. In 1789 he was a member of the State conv. which adopted the U.S. Con stitution, which he opposed, never having be lieved in the capacity of the people for self- govt. ; several years a Democ. member of the exec, council. He was remarkable for wit and repartee. Thacher. Spring, SAMUEL, D.D. ( Wms. Coll. 1806), clergyman, b. Northbridge, Ms., Feb. 27, 1746; d. Newburyport, Mar. 4, 1819. N.J. Coll. 1771. Having been licensed to preach, he in 1775 became a chaplain in the army, and ac- comp. Arnold s exped. to Canada. At the close of 1776 he left the army, and (Aug. 6, 1777) was ord. pastor of a church in Newbury port, where he continued till his death. He was a man of great influence, and weight of character; was active as a leader of the Hop- kinsian party, and also in the organization of the A. B. C. F. M. ; he also aided in founding the Ms. Missionary Society in 1799, of which he was pres. Besides some controversial works, he pub. some 25 miscellaneous discourses. By his wife, dau. of Dr. Hopkins of Hadley, he had two sons, ministers in N.Y. and Hartford. Sproat, COL. EBENEZER, Revol. officer, b. Middleborou^h,Ms.,1752; d. Marietta, p., Feb. 1805. Entering the army a capt. early in 1775, he was successively major and lieut.-col., and finally lieut.-col. comg. 2d Ms. Regt. He was in Glover s brigade at Trenton, Princeton, and Mon mouth, and app. insp. of brigade by Steuben. After the war, he was a surveyor in Providence, R.I., where he m. a dau. of Com, SIPTJ 858 Wliipplc. He began a survey of Ohio lands in 1786; led the party of emigrants who set tled Marietta in 1788 ; and was 14 years sheriff, and col. of militia. He was tall and command ing in person, and was by the Indians called " the Big Buckeye." Hildreth. Spurzheim, JOHN GASPARD, M.D., phrenologist, b. Longwich, Prussia, 31 Dec. 1776; d. Boston, 10 Nov. 1832. Educated at the U. of Treves. In 1799 he studied medicine at Vienna ; assisted Gall, the originator of the science of phrenology, in investigating the anatomy of the brain, and accomp. him to Paris, "lecturing and teaching until 1813. Spurzheim then visited Great Britain, where for many years he taught and explained his theories m various cities. Arriving in N.Y. in Aug. 1832, he proceeded to Boston, where he was enthusiastically received, and drew to his lectures large and intelligent audiences, but soon sunk under his labors, and was buried at Mount Auburn. He assisted Gall in prepar ing his great work on the " Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System in General, and of the Brain in Particular; " and was the author of " Physiognomy in Connection with Phrenology/ 1833; "Observations on In sanity," "Phrenology or Doctrine of the Mind," " Sketch of the Natural Laws of Man," and " Anatomy of the Brain," 1830-2 ; " View of the Elem. Principles of Education," 12mo, 1832. Squier, EPHEAIM GEORGE, archaeologist, b. Bethlehem, N.Y., June 17, 1821. A.M. of N. J. Coll. 1848. Son of a Meth. minister of N. Y., and grandson of a RevoL soldier, who d. 1842, a. 97. In his youth he worked on a farm in summer, and taught school in winter. He next pub. a village newspaper; studied civil engineering; and in 1841-2 contributed to, and virtually edited, the N. Y. State Me chanic at Albany; pub. also a vol. on the Chinese in 1843 ; m 1843-5 he edited the Hartford Daily Journal, and was efficient in organizing the Whig party of Ct. ; in 1845-8 he edited the Scioto Gazette at Chillicothe ; and was clerk of the legisl. in 1847-8. In conjunc tion with Dr. Davis of Ohio, he commenced a systematic investigation of the aboriginal monuments of the Mpi. Valley, the results of which he embodied in a Memoir in the first vol. of Smithsonian " Contribs. to Knowledge." At the request of Albert Gallatin, he prepared a " Memoir on the Ancient Monuments of the West," pub. in the Trans, of the Ethnological Society. Under the auspices of the N.Y. Hit. Society, he pub. in 1849 "Aboriginal Monuments of the State of N.Y. from Original Surveys and Explorations." App. in 1848 charg^ d affaires to the republics of Central America, he negotiated treaties with Nicaragua, Honduras, and San Salvador. In 1853 he again visited Central America to investigate the line of an inter-oceanic railway, the result of which is pub. in his Report of the Honduras Inter-Oceanic Railway Co., of which he was sec. In a second visit to Europe he secured the co operation of French and English capitalists, and special guaranties for the road from those govts. His explorations and observations are found in his " Nicaragua, its People, Scenery, and Monuments," 2 vols. 1852; "Notes on Central America," &c., 1854; " Waikua, or Adventures on the Mosquito Shore," 1855; "Question Anglo -Americaine," &c., Paris, 1856; " The States of Central America," 1857 ; " Monograph of Authors who have written on the Aboriginal Languages of Central Amer.," 1861; and "Tropical Fibres, and their Eco nomic Extraction." He has received the med al of the Geog. Society of France, and is a member of various scientific and literary socie ties. He has also pub. " The Serpent Sym bol," 1851 ; a paper in the Ethnological Society s Collections on the remains at Stone- henge, examined during a visit to Europe in 1852; "Honduras and San Salvador, Geo graphical, Historical, and Statistical," 2 vols. ; and " Hunting a Pass," comprising adventures, observations, and impressions during a year of active explorations in the States of Nicaragua, Honduras, and San Salvador, with numerous illustrations. He has also been an industrious contrib. to the periodical, newspaper, and scientific literature of the day, on Central- America politics and antiquities^ and ethnology of the aborigines. Editor of Frank Leslie s pub lications. U.S. commiss. to Peru 1863-4, First pres. Anthropological Institute of N.Y. 1871. Stahel, GEN. JULIUS, b. Hungary 1825. Entering the military service of Austria, he rose from the ranks to be 1st licut. ; but es poused the Hungarian cause, and served through the war on the staffs of Gorgey and Guyon. When Austria triumphed, he emigrated to Ger many, thence to Eng., and finally to N. Y. City, where he became a journalist, and in 1859 established the N. Y. Illustrated News, which he conducted a year. In May, 1861, he became lieut.-col. 8th N. Y. Vols. (Col. Blenker), and com. the regt. in the battle of Bull Run. He was soon after made its col. ; had charge of a brigade in Blenker s division ; and became brig.-gen. vols. Nov. 12, 1861. In Dec. 1862 he com. a div. in Sigel s llth army corps; maj.-gen. March 14, 1863. Staigg, RICHARD M., miniature and genre painter of Boston, b. Eng. ab. 1820. Came to the U.S. in early childhood, and while engaged in mechanical occupations at Newport, R.I., received instructions in painting from Jane Stuart and Allston, and soon attained high rank as a painter of miniature portraits. Those of Allston, Webster, and Everett, are memo rable. His cabinet coast-scenes and genre pieces are highly valued ; among them are " Cat s - Cradle, " The Crossing - Sweeper," " News from the War," " Knitting," " The Love-Letter," and " The Sailor s Grave." Tucker man. Stanard, ROBERT, jurist ; d. Richmond, Va., May 13, 1846, a. 66. He was a (listing, member of the State Const. Conv. of 1829-30; represented Richmond for several sessions in the house of delegates ; and stood at the head of the bar of that city when he was elevated to the bench of the Court of Appeals. Stanberry, HENRY, lawyer, b. New York, Feb. 20, 1803. Wash. Coll., Pa., 1819. He went to Ohio in 1814; adm. to the Ohir bar in 1824; atty.-gen. of Ohio 1846; U.S. atty.- gen. July, 1866, to March, 1868. Defended 859 President Johnson during the impeachment trial. Standish, MILES, an early New-Eng. sol dier, b. Lancashire, Eng., ab. 1584; d. Dux- bury, Ms., Oct. 3, 1656. He had served in the Netherlands. Came to Plymouth with the first company in 1620; and was chosen capt. by the Pilgrims, though not of their church. He was small in stature, but of a very hot and angry temper ; possessed great courage, energy, and determination ; and rendered important services to the eaiiy settlers. Sent in 1623 to Wey- mouth to protect the inhabitants from a con spiracy of the Indians, he seized their chief, Pecksuot, snatched his knife from his neck, and killed him with it. This and similar exploits filled the savages with a wholesome terror of him, and gave security to the colonists. In 1625 he went to Eng. as agent for the Colony, and returned with supplies in 1626. He then settled in Duxbury, where he was a magistrate for the rest of his life. See his Will in Gen- eal. Rty., v. 335. Stanford, JOHN, D.D., Baptist clergyman and philanthropist, b. Wandsworth, Eng., Oct. 20, 1754; d. New York, Jan. 14, 1834. He studied medicine ; then engaged in teaching at Hammersmith, near London ; and, after join ing the Baptist Church, came in 1786 to the U.S. ; spent some months at Norfolk, Va., and then opened an acad. at New York ; pas tor of the Baptist church in Providence, H.I., in 1 787-9 ; again a teacher in New York in Nov. 1789-1813; and in 1791 commenced a course of Sunday-evening lectures. A Baptist church having been formed, through his exertions, in 1794, he officiated as its pastor until ab. 1800; in 1811 he became chaplain of the almshouse; and ultimately the prisons, hospitals, and charitable asylums of the city became his field of labor. He also taught classes of theol. stu dents. Besides a " History of the First Bap tist Church of Providence," he wrote a number of tracts, addresses, and discourses ; a coll. of essays entitled " The Aged Christian s Com panion," 1829 ; "Domestic Chaplain," 1806; " Description of New- York City," 1814. See Memoir by C. G. Sommers. Stanford, LELAND, a prominent citizen of Cal., b. near Albany, N.Y., 9 Mar. 1824. His ancestors settled as farmers in the Mohawk Valley ab. 1720. He had a com. -school educa tion. Was adm. to the bar in 1 849 ; practised in Port Washington, Mich., in 1849-52 ; became a merchant in Sacramento ; was a deleg. to the Chicago conv. in 1860; gov. of Cal. 1862-4; and, as pres. of the Central Pacific Railroad Co., was foremost in pushing forward that great national enterprise. He is largely interested in railroad and manuf. enterprises in California. Stamford, THOMAS, col. U. S. A., b. Vt. 1789 ; d. Cambridge, Md., Feb. 3, 1855. App. ensign llth Inf. Oct. 12, 1812; adj. 1819; capt. March, 1820 ; maj. 4th Inf. Dec. 1, 1839 ; brev. lieut.-col. for gallant conduct in battles of Palo Alto and R. de la Pal ma, May 9, 1846 ; lieut.- col. 8th Inf. June 29, 1846; brev. col. for gal lant and meritorious conduct in battles of Monterey, Mexico, Sept. 23, 1846; col. 3d Inf. Feb. 23, 1852. Gardiner. Stanley, ANTHONY DDMOND, mathema tician, b. East Hartford, Ct., April 2, 1810; d, there March 16, 1853. Y.C. 1830. He wag tutor there in 1832-6, and prof, in 1836-53. Author of a " Treatise on Spherical Trigonome try," " Tables of Logarithms," and a revised edition of Day s "Algebra." Stanley, DAVID S., brev. maj. -gen. U.S.A., b. Cedar Valley, Wayne Co., O., 1 June, 1828. West Point, 1852. Entering the 2d Dragoons, he became (27 Mar. 1855) 1st lieut. 1st Cav. ; distinguished at defeat of Comanche Indians in the Wichita Mountains, 25 Feb. 1859; capt. 4th Cav. 16 Mar. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. 28 Sept. 1861; maj. -gen. 29 Nov. 1862; maj. 5th Cav. 1 Dec. 1863; col. 22d Inf. 28 July, 1866. When the Rebellion broke out, he suc cessfully brought off all the govt. property from Forts Smith, Washita, Arbuckle, and Cobb ; did good service in Mo., especially at Dug Springs and Wilson s Creek ; and was after ward some time disabled by a fall from his horse. Joining Gen. Pope at New Madrid, he com. the 2d div. Army of theMpi. at the battle of Farmington ; May 28, 1862, he repulsed an attack by Cleburne on the left wing ; was in the pursuit of the Confeds. to Booneville in the battles of luka and Corinth ; chief of cav., Army of the Cumberland, Nov. 1862 ; displayed great ability and skill at the battle of Stone River ; was engaged in the advance on Tulla- homa ; the exped. to Huntsville, Ala. ; the pas sage of the Tenn. River in Sept. 1863 ; com. 1st div. 4th corps in Nov. 1863 ; in the Atlanta campaign under Sherman ; com. the 4th corps from July, 1864, to the close of the war. His timely arrival on the battle-field of Franklin averted disaster; but he was wounded and dis abled. He was brev. lieut.-col. 31 Dec. 1862 for Stone River; col. 15 May, 1864, for Re- saca, Ga. ; brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for Ruffs Station, Ga., and Franklin, Tennessee. Stanley, EDWARD, lawyer and statesman, b. Newbern, N.C. Eldest son of Hon. John, lawyer and M.C. (1801-3 and 1809-11), d. 3 Aug. 1833. Edward was a Whig M.C. in 1836- 42 and 1 849-53 ; represented Beaufort in the legisl. of N.C. in 1844, 46, and 48 ; speaker in 1848, and atty.-gen. of the State in 1847. He was one of the ablest of the Whig members of Congress ; voted for the compromise meas ures of 1850, but was not thought in the South to be sufficiently devoted to the defence and preservation of slavery. In 1853 he went to San Francisco, where he practised law ; in 1857 he was the Repub. candidate for gov., re ceiving 21,040 votes to 53, 122 for Weller, Dem ocrat. After the capture of Newbern (March 14, 1862) and the occupation of other points in N.C., he was app. military gov. of the State, which place he filled some months, then re signed, and returned to Cal.; d. July 12, 1872. Stanley, FABIUS, commo. U.S.N., son of John, lawyer and M.C., b. Newbern, N.C., Dec. 15, 1815. Midshiprn. Dec. 20, 1831 ; lieut. Sept. 8, 1841 ; com. May 19, 1861; capt. July 25, 1866 ; comino. June, 1870. Attached to sloop " Dale," Pacific squad., during Mexican war, and present at the capture of Guayatnas, and many engagements on the Pacific coast ; com. the " Wyandotte " in 1860, and prevented 860 the attack of Fort Taylor, Key West, by the Confeds. ; com. steamer "Narraganset," Pacific Bquatl., 1862-3; steamer " State of Georgia," S. Atl. squad., 1864-5. In 1865 ordered to com. Fort Johnson, also an exped. up the Santee, and that of Bull s Bay against Charles ton ; coin. " Tuscarora," S. Pacific squad., 1866-7. Hamersly. Stanley, J- M., portrait-painter, b. Canan- daigiui, N.Y., 1814 ; removed to Michigan in 1834. Began his profession in Detroit in 1835, and has practised it in various places, travel ling extensively among the Indians, taking the likenesses of the principal chiefs. In 1851-63 he resided in Washington, D.C. His extensive collection of Indian portraits and miscellaneous pictures were for many years a chief attraction of the Smithsonian Inst., where they were in Jan. 1865 unfortunately destroyed by fire. Now (1871) resides in Detroit. Stansbury, MAJ. HOWARD, b. N.Y. City, Feb. 8, 1806 ; d. Madison, Wis., April 17, 1863. App. 1st lieut. topog. engrs. July 7, 1838 ; capt. July, 1840 ; maj. Sept. 28, 1861. Prior to his entry into the eng. corps, he was engaged in various surveys of Western rivers, and in 1835 had charge of a number of public works in In diana. In 1841 he was engaged on a survey of the lakes; in 1842-5 he was in charge of the survey of the harbor of Portsmouth, N.H., a work which, for minute accuracy of detail, is unsurpassed in this country; in 1847 he was charged with tho construction of an iron light house on Carysfort Reef, Florida, the largest lighthouse on our coast; in 1849-51 he was engaged in the Great Salt-Lake exped., his report of which gave him a wide reputation ; in 1852-3 he was engaged upon the lake har bors ; in 1856 he was assigned to the charge of the military roads in Minnesota ; at the time of his death, he was mustering and disbursing officer at Madison. Stansbury, GEN. TOBIAS E., b. 1756; d. Baltimore Co., Md., Oct. 25, 1849. From the opening events of the Revol. war, down to with in a few years of his death, he participated actively in national and state affairs ; was re peatedly a member of the legisl., and presided as speaker of the house of delegates ; brig.- gen. of Md. militia 1813-14 ; com. a brigade in battle of Bladensburg and in defence of Balti more. Stanton, DANIEL, Quaker preacher, b. Phila. 1708; d. there June 28, 1770. He be gan to preach in 1728 ; travelled in N.E. and the W. Indies ; went to Europe in 1748; and visit- el the Southern Colonies in 1760. He bore testimony against slavery, and against the vices of the city, especially horse- racing, drunk enness, and stage-plays ; and was a very zealous, faithful preacher. See Journal of his Life, Travels, and Gospel Labors, Phila. 8vo, 1772. Stanton, EDWIN MCMASTERS, LL.D. (Y.C. 1867), lawyer and statesman, b. Steu- i>enville, O., Dec. 19, 1814; d. Washington, D.C., Dec. 24, 1869. Kenyon Coll. 1833. His parents were of Quaker origin, and came from Culpeper Co., Va. He became a bookseller s clerk at Columbus, O. ; studied law; and in 1836 was adm. to the Columbus bar. He be gan practice at Cadiz, O.; became prosec. atty. of the Co. in 1837; but soon removed to Steu benville, where he had extensive practice. In 1839-42 he was reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court. In 1848 he removed to Pitts- burg, became the leader of the bar,, and was often employed in the Supreme Court at Wash ington. His argument in the case of the Wheeling Suspension Bridge is among the most noted of his efforts during this period. In 1857 he removed to Washington; and in 1858 was employed by Atty. -Gen. Black to go to Cali fornia to plead the cause of the U.S. in some very important cases. Dec. 14, 1860, he suc ceeded Mr. Black as atty. -gen., and did his country great service by resisting, as far as pos sible, the efforts of the secession leaders, then actively engaged in preparing the civil war that soon after broke out. He went out of office with Mr. Buchanan s administration, March 4, 1861 ; succeeded Gen. Cameron as see. of war, Jan. 13, 1862; suspended Aug. 12, 1867, by Pres. Johnson ; re-instated by the sea- ate, Jan. 14, 1868; resigned May, 1868; app. judge U.S. Supreme Court, Dec. 20, 1869. His labors as war secretary during the Great Rebellion were overwhelming : he slept for months at the office, working till two or three o clock in the morning, and rising before the sun. His assistant secretaries, men of energy and ability, broke down one after another; but he bore the brunt of the burden with inflexible courage and perseverance, and unequalled ability. His opposition to the policy of the pres. made him obnoxious to Mr. Johnson, who sought to deprive him of his office; but it was retained by Mr. Stunton until the failure of the impeachment trial, upon which he re signed. His health had been shattered by his arduous labors; and he died before his commis sion to the Supreme-Court bench hud been made out. He pub. Reports, Sup. Ct. of Ohio, 1841-4, 3 vols. 8vo ; also Reports as Secretary of War, 1862-8. Stanton, ELIZABETH CADT, reformer, b. Johnstown, N.Y., Nov. 12, 1816. Dan. of Judge Daniel Cady. She was educated at the Johns town Acad., and Mrs. Willard s Seminary at Troy. In 1840 she m. Henry B. Stanton, an antislavery orator, and accomp. him to Lon don, where he was a delegate to the World s Antislavery Convention. Here she made the acquaintance of Lucretia Mott, with whom, upon the question of woman s rights, she found herself in sympathy. On their return, Mr. Stanton practised law in Boston until 1345, when they removed to Seneca Falls, N.Y. The first woman s - rights convention was called by her at Seneca Falls, July 19-20, 1848; and it made the first public demand for woman s suffrage. Since that period she has labored incessantly with pen and voice, travel ling over the country, endeavoring to ellec<: this great object. In 1868, she, with Parker Pills- bury and Susan B. Anthony, began to pub. the Revolution in advocacy of the new ideas. (See Eminent Women of the Age.) Her hus band, HENRY BREWSTER, b. Griswold, Ct., 1810, studied at Lane Sem., 0. Author of " Reforms and Reformers," 1 849 ; addresses, &c. Stailton, HENRY, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Vt. ab. 1796; d. Fort Hamilton, N. Y ., Aug. 861 1, 1856. App. lieut. of light art. June 29, 1813; assist, dcp. qmr.-gen. July, 1813; mili tary sec. to Gen. Izard 1814 ; dep. qmr. (rank of major) May 13, 1820; acting adj.-gen. of the army under Gen. Jesup in Florida 1836- 37 ; assist, qmr.-gen. (rank of col.) July 7, 1838 ; brev. brig.-gen. "for meritorious conduct in the Mexican war," Jan. 1, 1847. Gardner. Stanton, RICHARD H., M. C. from Ky. 1849-55, b. Alexandria, Va., 1812. Author of " Code of Ky./ 8vo, 1859 ; " Rev. Statutes of Ky.," 2 vols. 8vo, 1860; "Treatise for Justices," 1861; "Manual for Executors," 1862. Edited the Maysvitte Monitor and Maysville Express. Allibone. Stanwix, JOHN, lieut.-gen., lost at sea in Dec. 1765 while crossing from Dublin to Holy- head in " The Eagle " packet. Nephew and heir to Brig.-Gen. Stanwix, who served with reputation in the wars of Queen Anne. En tered the army in 1706 ; was an old captain of grenadiers in 1739 ; made maj. of marines in 1741; lieut.-col. in 1745; app. equerry to Frederick, Prince of Wales, in 1749; in 1750 was advanced to the govt. of Carlisle, which city he then represented in parliament; and in 1 754 became dep. qmr.-gen. of the forces. Jan. 1, 1756, he became col. com. of the first batt. of the 60th, or Roy. Americans ; was put in com. of the Southern dist. on his arrival in Amer., and had his headquarters at Carlisle, Pa., dur ing 1757, and was app. brig.-gen. Dec. 27. On being relieved by Forbes in 1758, Brig. Stan wix proceeded to Albany, whence he was ordered to the Oneida carrying-place to secure that important position by the erection of a work, which, in his honor, was called "Fort Stanwix." He returned to Pa. in 1759; be came maj .-gen. June 19 ; repaired the old fort at Pittsburg, and surmounted the works with cannon ; and by his prudent conduct secured the good will of the Indians. He resigned his com. to Monekton, May 4, 1760 ; became lieut.- gen. Jan. 19, 1761 ; and on his return to Eng. was app. lieut.-gov. of the Isle of Wight ; be came col. of the 8th Foot, and M.P. for Ap- pleby. Staples, WILLIAM READ, LL.D. (B.U. 1 862), jurist and historian, b. Providence, R.I., Oct. 10, 1798, d. there Oct. 19, 1868. Brown U. 1817. Adm. to the bar in 1819 ; assoc. judge Sup. Court, R.I., 1835-54; chief justice of that court 1854-6; sec. and treas. R.I. Soc. for the Encouragement of Domestic Industry from 1856 until his death, and a contrib. of Biographies to its Transactions. One of the founders of the R.I. Hist. Society, many years its librarian and sec., and a vice-pres. at his death. He edited the 2d vol. Colls. R.I. Hist. Society, and in the 5th vol. pub. " Annals of Providence." He also pub. "Documentary Hist, of the Destruction of the Gaspe ," 1845; " Proceedings of the First General Assembly for the Incorp. of Providence Plantations, &c., in 1647," 8vo, 1847; and "R. I. Book of Forms," 12mo, 1859. He left unfinished a " History of the State Convention of 1790," since pub. ; " History of the Criminal Law of R.I.;" "R.I. in the Cont. Congress 1765- 90," pub. 8vo, 1870 ; edited with notes Gorton s "Simplidtie s Defence," 1835. Stark, CALEB, d. Dunbarton, N.II., Feb. 1, 1864, a. 59. H.U. 1823. Son of Caleb, maj. Revol. army, who served from Bunker s Hill to Yorktown, and who in 1828 removed to O. (b. 3 Dec. 1759; d. 26 Aug. 1838.) He practised law in Cincinnati, O., and Concord, N.H. Author of "Reminiscences of the French War," &c., 8vo, 1831 ; " A History of Dunbarton, N.H.," 1 860 ; and a Life of his Grandfather, Gen. John Stark, 8vo, 1 860. Stark, JOHN, maj.-gen., b. Londonderry, N.H., Aug. 28, 1728; d. Manchester, N.H., May 8, 1822. Removing with his father to Derryfield, now Manchester, about 1736, he was employed in hunting and husbandry until April 28, 1752, when, being on a hunting ex- ped., he was taken prisoner by the St. Francis Indians. After six weeks captivity, he was ransomed for 103 . dollars. He became very popular with the Indians by his frequent exhi bitions of courage and independence, and was adopted into the tribe. App. in 1755 a lieut. in Rogers s company of Rangers, he served in that and the following campaign, and in Jan. 1757, while returning from an exped., the corps was attacked by the French and Indians near Ticonderoga. A sanguinary battle ensued, in which his superior officers were killed or wounded ; and upon him devolved the conduct of the retreat, which he effected with great skill and prudence. He was soon afterwards app. acapt. of rangers, and in 1758 participated in the attack on Ticonderoga under Gen. Aber- crombie. In the following spring he joined the army of Amherst, and was present at the reduction of Ticonderoga and Crown Point. A member of the com. of safety at the com mencement of the Revol., on the news of Lex ington battle he repaired at once to Cam bridge, and was immediately chosen col. of the N.H. troops. At Bunker s Hill his men were stationed at the left of the line, behind a rail fence, and repeatedly repulsed the enemy with great loss, but, when the redoubt was carried, were compelled to retire. At the close of the northern campaign, in Dec. 1776, he joined Gen. Washington at Newton, com. the van guard at Trenton, and was very active at the battle of Princeton ; having been overlooked in the promotions, he resigned his commission in Apr. 1777, and returned to his farm. On the advance of Burgoyne, the council of N.II. commissioned Stark to raise a force, and guard the frontier. Aug. 16, 1777, he attacked Col. Baum in his intrenchment on the Wallooms- chaick, near Bennington, and defeated him. Scarcely was this action over, when a detach ment under Col. Breyman, sent to succor Baum, arrived, which he also defeated with great loss. Congress passed a vote of thanks to him for this brilliant service, and made him a brig.-gen. Oct. 4, 1777, notwithstanding it had just before passed a vote of censure for his disobedience of the order of Gen. Lincoln to march to the west of the Hudson, which step, if taken, would have left Burgoyne s rear unmolested. In Sept. he joined Gates, and contributed to the successful issue of the campaign ; early in 1778 he com. the northern dept. at Albany ; in Oc . joined Gen. Gates in R.I.; in May, 1780, he joined the army in Morristown, and was 862 STE present at the battle of Springfield; in the spring of 1781 he was again ordered to the com. of the northern dept. In 1818 Congress voted him a pension of 60 dollars a month. A Memoir of his Life, by his grandson, was pub. in 1860; also by E. Everett in Sparks s " Amer. Biography." Staughton, WILLIAM, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1801), Pres. of Col. Coll., D.C., 1822-7, b. Coventry, Eng., Jan. 4, 1770; d. Washing ton, D.C., Dec. 12, 1829. A vol. of his poeti cal effusions, pub. at the age of 17, indicated his talent, and induced his friends to educate him for the ministry at Bristol Acad. He commenced preaching in 1793 ; came to Charleston, S.C., in the autumn of that year, preaching successively in Georgetown, S.C., N.Y. City, Bordentown and Burlington, N.J., where he taught and preached for several years. He became connected with the First Baptist Church in Phila. in 1805, and thenceforth his popularity probably exceeded that of any of his brethren in the U.S. In addition to his la bors as a minister, he directed the theol. studies of young men preparing for the ministry. Chosen pres. of the Baptist Coll. and Theol. Inst. at Georgetown, Ky., but died on his way thither. His contributions in prose and verse to religious periodicals were numerous, and he pub. 5 or 6 sermons and orations. His Me moirs, by Lynd, were pub. 12mo, Bost. 1834. Stearns, ASAHEL, LL.D. (H. U. 1825), prof, of law in H.U. 1817-29, b. Lunenburg, Ms., June 17, 1774; d. Cambridge, Feb. 5, 1839. H.U. 1797. He practised law at Chelms- ford many years ; was M.C. in 1815-17; was a member of the American Acad. of Arts and Sciences ; and was several years county atty. for Middlesex. In 1824 he pub. a volume of Real Actions, and was subsequently one of the commissioners for revising the statutes of Ms., which was his last labor. Stearns, CHARLES, D.D. (H.U. 1810), b. Leominster, Ms., 1752; d. Lincoln, Ms., July 26, 1826. H.U. 1773. Ord. 1781. He pub. " The Ladies Philosophy of Love," a poem, 1797; Dramatic Dialogues, 1798 ; "Principles of Religion and Morality," 1798 ; and 5 single sermons. Sprague. Stearns, GEORGE LUTHER, patriot and reformer, b. Medford, Ms., 8 Jan. 1809; d. New York, Apr. 9, 1867. Brother of Asahel. Luther, his father, was a teacher of high repu tation. He prospered in the ship-chandlery business, and subsequently in the manuf. of sheet and pipe lead ; doing business in Boston, and residing in Medford. Identifying him self early with the antislavery cause, he be came a Free-soiler in 1848; aided John Brown in Kansas, and stood by him unflinchingly until his death. Soon after the breaking-out of the Rebellion, Mr. Stearns advocated the enlistment of black men in the national cause, having previously labored assiduously in the emancipation movement. The 54th and 55th Ms. Regts., and the 5th Cav., were largely re cruited through his instrumentality. In Pa., Md., and Tenri., being commissioned as major, through the recommendation of Sec. Stanton, he was of great service to the national cause by enlisting blacks in the volunteer army. He was the founder of the Commonwealth and Right Wai/, newspapers for the dissemination of his ideas. Stearns, JOHN, M.D. (1812), b. Wilbra- ham, Ms., 1770; d. N.Y. City, Mar. 18, 1848. Y.C. 1789. First pres. N.Y. Acad. of Medi cine, 1846, and one of the founders of the Tract Society. He practised at Water ford, Albany, Saratoga, and finally in N.Y. City; State senator in 1812; and pres. N.Y. Med. Society. He pub. a number of addresses. See notice in Dr. Francis s Old New York. Stearns, SAMUEL, M.D., LL.D., astrono mer, b. Ms. Author of " Tour from London to Paris," 8vo, 1790 ; " American Oracle," 8vo, 1791; "American Herbal, or Materia Medi- ca," the first work of the kind in America. He began it in 1772; travelled in 9 American States, and in Great Britain and France. over 23,000 miles by land and sea. Edited Pnila. Mag. 1789. Dec. 20, 1782, Dr. S. made the calculations for the first nautical almanac pub. in America, d. Brattleboro, Vt., Aug., 1809. Stearns, SAMUEL HORATIO, minister of the Old South, Boston, from April 16, 1834, to his death, Paris, July 15, 1837; b. Bedford, Sept. 12, 1801. H.U. 1823. Son of Rev. Samuel of Bedford. A vol. of his discourses, with Memoir by his bro. W. A. Stearns, was pub. 1838. Stearns, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS, D.D. (H.U. 1853), LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1862), son of Rev. Samuel, b. Bedford, Ms., 17 Mar. 1805. H.U. 1827. Pastor Cong. Church, Cara- bridgeport, Ms. Pres. of Amh. Coll. since 1854. Author of a work on Infant Church- Membership; "Life of Rev. S. H. Stearns," 12mo, 1839; Discourses and Addresses, Svo, 1855; d. Amherst, June 8, 1876. Stedingk, CURT BOGISLAUS Louis CHRISTOPHER, Count von, field-marshal of Sweden, b. at his father s castle of Pinnau, in Pomerania, Oct. 26, 1746 ; d. Stockholm, 1837. U. of Upsal, 1768. An ensign, at the ?ge of 13 he accomp. his father in the war between Sweden and Prussia, and was present at the siege of Stralsund. Entering the French ser vice in the Royal Regt. of Swedes, he rose to the rank of lieut.-col. At Versailles, where he remained on duty, he lived in intimate friend ship with Count Fersen, another Swedish volunteer in the cause of America. Stedingk, commanding a brigade of inf., sailed in D Es- taing s fleet in 1778. In his operations against the W. I. islands, Stedingk won high honor, especially in the attack upon Grenada ; in the assault upon Savannah, Oct. 9, 1779, the rash ness and impracticability of which he confi dently predicted to D Estaing, he led one of the two principal assaults, and, after planting the American flag on the last in frenchmen t, was compelled to retreat with the loss of nearly half his brigade of 900 men, and was himself wounded. After his return to Franco, the king made him col. of the Regt. of Alsace, and knight of the Protestant branch of the Order of St. Louis; while the king of Sweden, in token of his gallant behavior in America, made him a col. of dragoons and a knight of the Or der of the Sword. He also received from Wash ington the badge of Cincinnatus. Stedingk STE 863 STE left France in 1787; was a principal actor in the war which for a short period subsisted be tween Sweden and Russia ; and was rewarded for his services with the embassy to St. Peters burg in 1790, which he long retained. In 1814 he repaired to Paris in com. of the Swedish army, and ambassador of the Swedish king to sign the treaty of peace. Stedman, CHARLES, author of "The His tory of the American War," 2 vols. 4to, Lond. 1794; d. London, 26 June, 1812. He served as a commissary under Howe, Clinton, and Cornwallis in the Amer. Revol. Avar, and at the time of his death was dep. compt. of the stamp- office. Lowndes says Stedman s " History " was written by Wm. Thomson, LL.D. Stedman, EDMUND CLARENCE, poet, b. Hartford, Ct., 1 Oct. 1833. Son of Edmund B., a merchant of H., by Elizabeth C. Dodge, now Mrs. Kinney, poet, and wife of Wm. B., editor Newark (X. J.) Advertiser. One of his ancestors on his mother s side was Kev. Aa ron Cleveland; bishop A. C. Coxe being her cousin. His father died when he was 2 years old, and he was educated under the care of a relative, entering Y.C. in 1849. He did not graduate, but in 1870 received the hon. degree of A.M. He began journalism in his 20th year ; ed. the Winsted Herald, Litchfield Co., Ct. ; removed to N. Y. City (where he is now a member of the stock exchange) ; became con nected with the Tribune, becoming generally known by his satirical poem contrib. to that journal, "The Diamond Wedding" (1859) ; and in 1861-3 was war-corresp. in Va. for the N.Y. World. Besides contribs. to the Atlantic, Scribner s, the Galaxy, &c., he has pub. " Po ems," 1860; "Battle of Bull Run," 1861; " Alice of Monmouth, an Idyl of the Great War, with Other Poems," 1864; "The Blame less Prince," &c., 1869. Now (1871) engaged upon a translation of the Greek Sicilian poets. Stedman, GEN. GRIFFIN A., b. Hartford, Ct. ; killed near Petersburg, Va., Aug. 6, 1864. Trin. Coll. Maj. llth Ct. ; lieut.-col. at An- tictam, and wounded ; com. the regt. at Fred- ericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, and cornea brigade in the campaign of 1864. He was fatally wounded in one of the skirmishes before Petersburg. Stedman, JOHN GABRIEL, b. Scotland, 1745; buried at St. Mary s Church, Beckley, Devonshire, 1797. Author of "Narrative of Exped. against the Revolted Negroes of Suri nam, 1772-7," London, 2 vols. 4to, 1796. Steedman, CHARLES, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Charleston, S.C., Sept. 24, 1811. Midshipm. Apr. 1, 1828; licut. Feb. 25, 1841 ; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. Sept. 13, 1862; commo. July 25, 1866; rear-adm. 18 June, 1871. He com. a gun in naval battery at bombard, of Vera Cruz ; com. brig " Dolphin," Paraguay exped., 1S59-60; com. "The Bienville" at battle of Port Royal, S.C., Nov. 7, 1861 ; with " The Paul Jones," and other gunboats under his com., engaged Fort McAllister in Aug. 1862; Sept. 17, 1862, silenced the batteries of St. John s Bluff, St. John s River, Fla. ; Sept. 30 co-operated with Gen. Brannon in capture of same batteries; com. sloop-of-war "Ticondero- ga " ID both attacks on Fort Fisher, and in European squad. 1866-7; commanding navy yard, Boston, 1870-1. Hamershf. Steedman, GEX. JAMES BARRETT, b. Nor thumberland Co., Pa., July 30, 1818. In 1837 he went to Ohio as a contractor in the construction of the Wabash and Erie Canal ; in 1843 he was sent by the Democrats to the Ohio legisl.; in 1849 he organized a company to cross the plains to California, gold-hunting; returning in 1850, he became in 1851 a mem ber of the board of public works of Ohio. Dur ing Mr. Buchanan s administration, he was printer to Congress. In 1861 he was col. 4th Ohio Vols. ; was ordered to Western Va. ; took part in the battle at Philippi, and subsequent ly joined Gen. Buell in Ky. ; app. brig.-gen. of vols. July 17, 1862 ; disting. at PerryviJe; in July, 1863, com. the 1st div. reserve "corps, Army of the Cumberland; and, for disting. ser vices at Chickaniauga, was made maj.-gen. 2t Apr. 1864. He took an active part in Sher man s Atlanta campaign; relieved the little garrison at Dalton, and defeated Wheeler s cavalry in June, 1864; joined Gen. Thomas when Sherman marched to the sea ; and was disting. in the battle of Nashville. Resigned July 19, 1866. Internal rev. collector at New Orleans under Pres. Johnson. Reid s Ohio in the War. Steele, REV. ASHBEL, b. Waterbury, Ct., 31 Jan. 1796. Presb. pastor in Washington, D.C. Author of " Chief of the Pilgrims, or Life of Brewster," 8vo, 1857; " Geneal. of the Brewster Family." Contrib. to Spirit of Mis sions, Phila* Recorder, and Nat. Intelligencer. Steele Fam. Geneal. ; d. May 26, 1869. Steele, GEN. FREDERIC, b. Delhi, N.Y., 1821 ; d. San Mateo, Columbia Terr., Jan. 12, 1868. West Point, 1843. Entering the 2d Inf., he served during the Mexican war. For gallantry at Contrerasand Chapultepec he was brev. 1st lieut. and capt. ; capt. 2d Inf. 5 Feb. 1855. He served in Mo. at the beginning of the civil war; was made major llth Inf. Mat 14, 1861; and for his conduct at the battle of Wilson s Creek (Aug. 10, 1861 ) was made brig.- gen. of vols. Jan. 29, 1862; in Dec. 1862 he com. at Helena, Ark., capturing Little Rock Sept. 10, 1863; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862. He com. a division in the 15th army corps under Sherman, and took part in the battles of Chick- asaw Bayou, capture of Fort Hindman, and siege of Vickaburg, where he com. the 5th division of Grant s army ; and com. the dept. of Ark. until the end of the war. He com. a column at the capture of Mobile 12 Apr. 1865. In 1865 he was transferred to Texas, and placed in com. on the Rio Grande. Lieut.-col. 3d Inf. 26 Aug. 1863; col. 20th inf. July 23, 1866; brev. col. for Vicksburg ; brig.-gen. 18 Mar. 1865 for Little Rock, and maj.-gen. for services in the Rebellion. Steele, JOHN, Revol. officer, b. Augusta Co., Va., ab. 1755; d. ab. 1805. He was an officer at the battle of Point Pleasant, Va., 10 Oct. 1774, and at the battle of Gennantown was shot through the body. Many years one of the Va. executive council ; commiss. to treat with the Cherokees under John Adams s ad ministration ; and sec. of Mpi. Terr. 1798-1801. Steele, GEN. JOHN, Revol. officer, b. Lan- STE 864 STE caster, Pa., 1758; d. 27 Feb. 1827. Capt. through the war; wounded at Brandywine, and present at Yorktown ; afterward State senator ; a commissioner to settle the Wyoming troubles; and long collector of the port of Phila. ; com. Washington s Life Guard in 1780 ; gen. of Pa. militia. Steele, GEN. JOHN, b. Salisbury, N.C., Nov. 1, 1764; d. there Aug. 14, 1815. His mother Elizabeth was disting. among the patriotic " women of the Revol." John was a successful planter; from 1787 was frequently a member of the h. of commons; member of the convention to adopt the Federal Constitu tion in 1788 ; M.C. 1790-3 ; was often speaker of the h. of commons ; was in 1806 a commiss. to adjust the boundaries between N. and S. Carolina ; was a gen. of militia, and first compt. of the treasury until 1802. Steele, JOHN H., gov. N.H. 1844-6; b. N.C. 1792; d. Peterborough, N.H., July 3, 1865. Steen, ALEXANDER E., brig.-gen. C.S.A., of St. Louis, Mo. ; killed at Prairie Grove, Ark., 7 Dec. 1862. Lieut. 12th U.S. Inf. 6 Mar. 1847; brev. for Contreras and Churu- busco ; disting. and wounded in the conflict with the Apaches 27 June, 1857. Steers, GEORGE, naval constructor, b. Washington, D.C., 1821 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 25 Sept. 1856. Among many of his beautifully- modelled vessels, the most celebrated were the yacht " America," and the steamships " Adriatic " and !< Niagara." Steinwehr, GEN. ADOLPH WILHELM FRIEDRICH, baron von, b. Blankenberg, duchy of Brunswick, Sept. 25, 1822. His father was a major, his grandfather a lieut.-gen., in the Prussian service. He was educated at the Military Acad. of Brunswick ; became a lieut. in 1841 ; resigned in 1847, and came to the U.S. to offer his services to the govt. in the Mexican war ; but, failing to obtain a commiss. in the regular army, returned to Germany after marrying in Mobile. In 1854 he came again to the U.S., and bought a farm near Walling- ford, Ct. He raised the 29th N. Y. Eegt., which he com. in the first battle of Bull Run. Made brig.-gen. vols. Oct. 12, 1861, and app. to the 2d brigade of Blenker s division. When Sigel assumed com. of the corps after the organiza tion of the Army of Va., Steinwehr was pro moted to com. the 2d division, llth corps, and participated in the campaign on the Rapidan and Rappahannock in August and in Dec. ; in the battle of Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863, and the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Stellwagen, HENRY S., capt. U. S. N., b. Pa.; d. Cape Island, N.J., July 16, 1866. Midshipm. Apr. 1,1828; lieut. July 2, 1840; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. Aug. 29, 1862; com. steamer " Connecticut," 1862; " Merci- dita," 1863. Stembel, ROGER N., commo. U. S. N., b. Middletown, Md., Dec. 27, 1810. Midshipm. Mar. 27, 1832 ; lieut. Oct. 26, 1843 ; com. July 1, 1861; capt. July 25, 1866; commo. 1870; com. N. Pacific squad. 1871 ; attached to coast- survey 1844-7 ; to Mpi. flotilla; and in action at Lucas s Bend, Sept. 9, 1861 ; Belmont, Nov. 7, 1861 ; Fort Henry, Feb. 6, 1862; Island No. 10, Mar. 16 to Apr. 7, 1862 ; near Fort Pillow with Confed. rams, May 10, 1862 ; besides some minor affairs from Aug. 1861 to May, 1862, and wounded May 10 ; com. steam-sloop " Ca- nandaigua," European squad., 1866-7. Ham- ersli/. Stephen, GEN. ADAM; d. Va. Nov. 1791. He had been a meritorious Va. officer in the colonial wars; was a capt. in the Ohio exped. of 1754; served with distinction under Brad- dock ; afterwards com. Fort Cumberland with the rank of lieut.-col. ; and, on his return from an exped. to S.C. against the Creek Indians, he was placed at the head of the troops for the defence of the Va. frontier, and was made a brig.-gen. When the Revol. commenced, Col. Stephen was app. to one of the Va. regts. ; was made a brig.-gen. in the Cont. service, Sept. 4, 1776, and a maj.-gen. Feb. 19, 1777; and behaved well at the Brandywine. Yielding to a bad habit, he fell into disgrace at German- town ; was found guilty of being intoxicated, and was dismissed from the army 1778. Stephens, ALEXANDER HAMILTON, statesman, b. Taliaferro Co., Ga., Feb. 11, 1812. Franklin Coll. 1832. Left an orphan, he was indebted to his friends for the means of education. Adm. to practise law in 1834, and soon acquired extensive practice at Crawfords- ville. After repaying his friends, his first earn ings were devoted to redeeming from the hands of strangers the home of his childhood, upon which he still resides. In 1836-41 he was a member of the State legisl. ; in 1839 he was a delegate to the Charleston commercial conven tion ; in 1842 he was elected to the State senate; and was M.C. in 1843-59, serving on many committees, and delivering many speeches; chairman of the com. on Territories. He favored the annexation of Texas ; was a sup porter of Mr. Clay for the presidency in 1844 ; opposed the Clayton Compromise in 1848 ; took a leading part in effecting the compromises of 1850 ; and was an active supporter of the Kansas and Nebraska Act of 1854. After the breaking-up of the Whig party, he joined the Democrats, and was a prominent supporter of Buchanan s administration. He advocated the election of Douglas to the presidency in 1860, and in numerous public addresses de nounced those who advocated a dissolution of the Union, and in the State convention vigor ously opposed the secession of Georgia. He was elected provisional vice-pres. of the Con federate States 9 Feb. 1861, and permanent vice-pres. in Nov. In a speech at Richmond, Va., Apr. 22, 1861, he justified the secession movement, and pronounced slavery the corner stone of the new govt. He was for some time a prisoner of state in Fort Warren, but was released 11 Oct. 1865. He has pub. " History of the War between the States," 2 vols. 8vo, 1868 ; " Constitutional View of the Late War," 2 vols. 8vo ; Letters and Speeches, 8vo, 1867, ed. by Henry Cleveland. Stephens, MRS. ANN SOPHIA (Winter- botham), authoress, b. Derby, Ct., 1813. She m. in 1832, and removed to Portland, Me., where in 1835 she commenced and continued for some time the Portland Magazine. In 1836 she edited " The Portland Sketch-Book." She in 1837 removed to N.Y. City, where she has 865 STE eince resided, and actively contributed to the magazines. " Mary Derwent," a tale, won her a prize of $400, and gave her popularity as a magazine-writer. Her most elaborate work is the novel of "Fashion and Famine" (1854), a story of the contrasts of city life. It is of the intense school, but contains excellent de scriptions and delineations of character. She has also pub. " The Heiress of Green hurst," " The Old Homestead," and two books on needlework, and has also written much in verse. She edited the Ladies Companion 4 years, and in 1842 was co-editor of Graham s Mayazine, to which she was long a contributor ; also editor of the Ladies World; in 1856 she started the Illustrated New Monthly. An edition of her works in 14 vols. was pub. 1869-70. Stephens, MRS. HARRIET MARION, authoress, d. East Hampdeu, Me., 1858, a. 35. She appeared upon the stage under the name of Miss Rosalie Somers until 1851, and was afterward well known by the contributions of her pen under the signatures of " Marion Ward " and " H. M. S." She wrote " Hagar the Martyr," and a variety of tales, sketches, and poems, collected and pub. with the title of " Home-Scenes and Home-Sounds." Stephens, JOHN LLOYD, an eminent trav eller, b. Shrewsbury, N. J., Nov. 28, 1805; d. N.Y. Oct. 12, 1852. Col. Coll. 1822. He studied at the Litchfield Law School, and prac tised in N.Y. City for about 8 years. Taking an active interest in politics, he joined the Democ. party, and became a favorite speaker at Tammany Hall. In 1834-6 he visited Eu rope and Egypt ; and in 1837 pub. " Incidents of Travel in Egypt, Arabia Petraea, and the Holy Land;" which was followed in 1838 by " Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Rus sia, and Poland." Mr. Stephens was in 1839 app. special ambassador to Central America ; on his return in 1841 he pub. "Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yu catan." In 1842 he again visited Yucatan, and pub. in 1843 another work, entitled "Inci dents of Travel in Yucatan." All his books were exceedingly popular ; and his travels in Central America and Yucatan have been pro nounced to be the richest contribution ever made by any one man on the subject of Ameri can antiquities. He was a director of the " Ocean Steam Navigation Co.," which estab lished the first American line of trans-Atlan tic steamships, and went to Europe as the repre- scstative of the company on the trial-trip of its first vessel, " The Washington." The latter part of his life was devoted to the construction of the Panama Railroad, of which he was pres ident. Delegate to the State Const. Conv. of N.Y. in 1846. Stephens, WILLIAM, gov. of Ga., son of Sir Wm. S., lieut.-gov. of the Isle of Wight, b. there Jan. 28, 1671 ; d. Ga. Aug. 1753. King s Coll , Camb. Studied law at the Middle Tem ple, and in 1696 was M. P. for Newport. In 1712 he was a commissioner of the victualling ; he afterward came to Charleston, S.C. ; became acquainted with Oglethorpe, at whose recom mendation he was, in Aug. 1737, app. sec. of the trustees in Ga., and in Nov. arrived in Sa- . In 1741 he was made pres. of the 55 county of Savannah ; and was in 1 743-50 pres. of the Colony. His journal 1737-41 was printed in 3 vols. 8vo. " The Castle-Builders, or the History of William Stephens," a very rare work, was written by his son. Steptoe, EDWARD JENNER, lieut.-col., b. Va. 1816; d.nearLynchburg, Va., 1 Apr. 1865. West Point (lieut. 3d Art.), July, 1837. Dis- ting. under Col. Worth in Florida war 1838- 42 ; assist, instructor of inf. tactics, Military Acad., 1842-3; capt. 3 March, 1847; com. light battery in Quitman s division in the val ley of Mexico ; brev. major " for gallantry in battle of Cerro Gordo," April 18, 1847 ; brev. lieut.-col. " for gallantry in battle of Chapul- tepec," Sept. 13, 1847 ; maj. 9th Inf. March 3, 1855 ; com. and disting. in conflicts with In dians at the Cascades, Washington Terr., Apr. 27 and 28, 1856 ; lieut.-col. 10th Inf. ; resigned Nov. 1, 1861. App. gov. of Utah Terr. 18M-, but declined. Cullum. Sterrett, ANDREW, capt U.S.N. ; d. Lima, 9 Jan. 1807. App. lieut. U.S.N. 25 Mar. 1798 ; dist. in action between " The Constella tion " and " LTnsurgente," 9 Feb. 1799; and 1st lieut. in the action with "La Vengeance," another French frigate. While in com. of " The Enterprise," he captured " L Ami de la Patrie." Resigned 29 June, 1805. Steuben, FREDERICK WILLIAM AUGUS TUS, baron, maj .-gen. Revol. army, b. Magde burg, Prussia, 15 Nov. 1730; d. Steubenville, N.Y., 28 Nov. 1794. Educated at Neisse and Breslau. At 14 he was a volunteer under his father, an officer of Frederick the Great, at the siege of Prague ; disting. at Prague and Ross- bach in 1757 ; made adj. -gen. in 1758, and wounded at Kunnersdorf ; made prisoner in 1761, and sent to St. Petersburg, but was soon released; in 1762 app. adj.-gen. on the king s staff ; was one of the young officers under the special instruction of Frederick, and after the siege of Schneidnitz, in which he took part, re ceived from the king a valuable lay benefice. After the seven-years war, he retired from the army, arid travelled with the prince of Hohen^ zollern Heckingen, who in 1764 app. him grand marshal and gen. of his guard, and made him a knight of the order of " Fidelity." Leaving these offices, arid an income of $3,000 a year, at the suggestion of Count St. Germain he of fered his services to the Americans, and arrived at Portsmouth, N.H., in Nov. 1777. Joining the army at Valley Forge, he was app. insp.- gen. (rank of maj.-gen.) 29 Mar. 1778; was a. vol. in the battle of Monmouth in June ; per formed important services ; prepared a manual of instruction for the army, which was ap proved by Congress in 1779; and introduced the most thorough discipline, a change of which the army stood greatly in need, and which contributed largely to its ultimate suc cess. In 1780 he com. in Va., and finally in the trenches at Yorktown. He frequently shared his last dollar with the suffering sol diers, as he often did his clothing and camp- equipments also. At the close of the war, the State of N. J. gave him a small farm ; the legisl. of N.Y. gave him 16,000 acres of rild land in Oneida Co. ; and the govt. granted him an annuity of $2,500. He erected a log- STJB 8GG SXE Louse at Steubenville ; gave a tenth part of his hind to his aides North, Popham, and Walk er and his servants, and parcelled out the rest to 20 or 30 tenants. A man of great kind ness and generosity, always cheerful, of ready wit, and highly-polished manners. His Life by F. Kapp was pub. N.Y., 1860 : and by F. Bowen, Spurks s " Amer. Biography." Steuben, BARON VON, b. Prussia; killed at Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864. He was a Prussian officer ; came to the U.S., and joined the 52 N.Y. Vols. ; and was a brave and effi cient officer. Stevens, AARON F., M.C. 1867-9, b. Der- ry, N.H., 9 Aug. 1819. Educated at Pinker- ton Acad. Came to the bar in 1 845, and set tled in Nashua; member State legisl. 1849 ct seq.; State solicitor 5 years. Major 1st N.H. Vols. 1861; col. 1862; served through the war ; wounded at Fort Harrison, Va., in 1864; and brev. brigadier-general. Stevens, ABEL, LL.D., Meth. clergyman, b. Phila. Jan. 19, 1815. He studied at the Wesl. IL, Middletown, Ct. Settled as pastor in Boston in 1834; in 1837 travelled in Eu rope ; until 1 840 was stationed in Providence ; removed to Boston in 1 840, editing Zion s Her ald; went to New York in 1852, and edited the National Mag.; and in 1856 edited the Chris tian Advocate and Journal,. Dr. S. has pub. "Memorials of the Introduction of Methodism into the U. S. ; " " Progress of Methodism in the Eastern States;" " Church Polity ;" "The Preaching required by the Times ; " " Sketches and Incidents, a Budget from the Saddle-Bags of an Itinerant;" "The Great Reform;" " History of the Religious Movement of the Eighteenth Century, called Methodism ; " " His tory of the Methodist Church in America," 4 vols. 1864-7 ; "Centenary of Amer. Method ism/ c., 1866; "Women of Methodism," &c., 1866. Stevens, ALEXANDER HODGDON, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1811), LL.D. (N.Y. State U.),prof. of surgery, son of Gen. Ebcnezer of the Revol. army, b. N.Y. 1789; d. N.Y. City, March 30, 1869. Y.C. 1807. His mother, a sister of Col. Ledyard, was aunt to the famous traveller, John. He studied in Lond. and Paris in 1812, and then began practice in N.Y. City. Fellow of the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons 1813 ; prof, of surgery in Queen s (now Rutgers) Coll. 1814-16; app. visiting surgeon N.Y. Hospital in 1817; prof, of surgery Coll. of Phys, and Surgs. 1826-37, of clinical surgery 1838-9; again prof, of surgery 1840-4 ; pres. of the coll. 1843-55 ; and emeritus prof, of clinical surgery from 1844. Pres. of the State Med. Soc., and in 1848 of the Amer. Med. Assoc. He pub. "Inflammation," 1811; "Fungus of the Eye," 1818; "Clinical Lecture on Injuries," 1837; on "Lithotomy," 1838; "Medical Education," 1849. Edited Cooper s " First Lines of Sur gery," 1822, 2 vols. Svo. Obit. Record Y.C. Stevens, GEN. EBENEZER, Revol. officer, b. Boston, 1752 ; d. 2 Sept. 1823. He was one of the famous " Tea Party" of Boston in Dec. 1773; soon afterward removed to R.I. ; com missioned a lieut. 8 May, 1775; raised two companies of art. and one of artificers for the sxpcd. against Quebec ; app. maj. 9 Nov. 1776 ; com. the art. at Ticonderoga and at the battle of Stiilwater; app. lieut.-col. 30 April, 1778, and soon after assigned to Col. Lamb s regt. ; was wiih Lafayette in Va., and at Yorktown was in alternate com. of the art. with Lamb and Carrington. After the war, he was many years a leading merchant in New York. Be came a maj .-gen. of militia, and during the war of 1812 served in defence of N. Y. City. SAMUEL his son, a disting. member of the N.Y. bar, d. N.Y. 24 Nov. 1844, a 60. Stevens, EDWARD, brig.-gen. Revol. ar my, b. Culpeper Co., Va., 1745; d. at his seat there Aug. 17, 1820. At the commencement of the war, he coin, with distinction a battalion of riflemen at the bivtile of Great Bridge, near Norfolk, Va. ; he was soon after made col. of the 10th Va. Regt., with which he joined Wash ington ; and at the battle of Brandy wine (Sept. 11, 1777), by his gallant exertions saved a part of the army from capture, checked the enemy, and secured the retreat; he also disting. himself at Germantown, and, being made a brig.-gen, of Va. militia, fought at Camden, also at Guil- ford Court House, where his skilful disposi tions were extremely serviceable to the army, and where, though severely wounded in the thigh, he brought off his troops in good order. Gen. Greene bestowed on him marked com mendation. At Yorktown he performed im portant duties ; and all through the war pos sessed a large share of the respect and confi dence of Washington. Member of the State senate from the foundation of the State const, until 1790. Rof/ers. Stevens, GEORGE M., brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Md.; killed near Atlanta, Ga., 20 July, 1864. Stevens, HENRY, bibliographer, son of Henry (1791-1867, first pres. of the Vt. Hist. Soc.), b. Stevensville, Vt., Aug. 24, 1819. Y.C, 1843. Since 1845 he has resided in London, engaged in collecting rare and valuable books, adding to the collection of Amer. books in the British Museum, and enriching Amer. libraries. He has pub. " Historical Nuggets ; " " Rare Books relating to America," 2 vols. 1S62; " Catalogue of Amer. Books in the Brit. Mu seum," 8vo, 1859; "Hist, and Geographical Notes on the Earliest Discoveries in America," 1869; and many catalogues of private libraries. He has also made indexes of historical papers for several of the States, compiled from the records in the English State-paper office. A/libone. Stevens, GEN. ISAAC INGALLS, b. Ando- ver, Ms., 25 Mar. 1818; killed in battle of Chan- tilly, Va., 1 Sept. 1862. West Point, 1839 (first in his class). Entering the engrs., he was made 1st lieut. 1840; adj/in 1847-8; attached to Scott s staff in Mexico, and brev. eapt. aud maj. for Contreras, Churubusco, and Chapul- tepcc ; and was severely wounded in the attack of the San Cosme Gate of the capital, and pro nounced by his general the most promising oili- ccr of his age. Attached to the coast-survey at Washington. On the accession of Pierce, his personal friend, to the presidency, he resigned, and was made gov. of Washington Terr., and placed in charge of the survey of the route for the North Pacific R.R., a narrative of which he pub. He determined the feasibility of the route STE 867 STE for a railroad, established the practicability of navigating the Upper Mo. and Columbia Riv ers by steam, and negotiated several treaties with the Indians. He also suppressed an In dian war, and resigned in Aug. 1857. He was wounded in a rencounter with Chief Justice Lan der, and his action was disapproved by the govt. M.C. for Wash. Terr. 1857-61 ; member Nat. Democ. conventions at Charleston and Balti more ; supported the nomination of Brecken- ridge for the presidency ; and was chairman of the Breck. exec, committee, but, when secession became imminent, strongly advised the pres. to dismiss secretaries Floyd and Thompson. Made col. 79th N.Y. Highlanders, 30 July, 1861; brig.-gen. vols. 28 Sept. 1861; maj.-gen. 4 July, 1862. He com. under Sherman in the Port-Royal exped. ; attacked, and with the aid of gunboats carried, the Con fed. batteries on the Coosaw in Jan. 1862; com. the principal column in the unsuccessful attack on Seces- sionviile, S.C., 16 June, 1862; was subsequently attached to Gen. Pope s command ; had charge of a division in the series of battles fought by that general in Va. ; fought gallantly at the second Boll-run battle ; and fell while bearing aloft the colors of one of his rcgts., cheering it on. He pub. in 1851 " Campaigns of the Rio Grande and Mexico, with Remarks on the Recent Work of Major Ripley." Stevens, JOHN, inventor, b. New York, 1749; d. Hoboken, N.J., 1838. In 1787 he became interested in steamboats from seeing that of John Fitch, and experimented for near 30 years. In 1789 he petitioned the N.Y. legisl. for a grant of the exclusive navigation of the waters of that State, without success. In 1804 he built a propeller, a small open boat worked by steam, with such success, that he built the steamboat " Phoenix," completed soon after " The Clcrmont " was finished by Ful ton. The latter having the exclusive right for Hudson River, Mr. S. placed his boats on the Delaware and Connecticut. In 1812 he pub. a remarkable pamphlet, urging the govt. to make experiments in railways traversed by steam-carriages ; and if feasible, proposed the construction of such a railway from Albany to Lake Erie. Stevens, CAPT. PHINEAS, b. Sudbury, Ms. ; d. Charlestown, N.H., 1756. His father moved to Rutland, N.H., whence, at the age of 16, he was carried prisoner to Canada. In 1 746 he volunteered in an exped. against Can ada; was afterwards ordered to the frontiers ; and at "Number 4 "made a gallant defence against the French and Indians in March, 1747. For his bravery on this occasion he was pre sented with a valuable sword by Commodore Knowles, and continued in com. of the fort until 1750. Sent to Canada by Gov. Shirley i:i 1749, he left a journal of his visit printed in N.II. Hist. Colls., v. IW. O Callaghan. Stevens, ROBERT LIVINGSTON, inventor, b. Hoboken, N.J., 1788; d. there 20 Apr. 1356. Son of John the inventor. The son at the age of 20 built a steamboat with con cave water-lines, the iirst application of the wave-line to ship-building ; adopted a new method of bracing and fastening steamboats ; in 1818 discovered the utility of employing steam expansively, and using anthracite coal for fuel in steamers; in 1822 substituted thd skeleton wrought-iron for the heavy cast-iron walking-beam; in 1824 applied artificial blast to the boiler-furnace, and in 1827 the hog-frame to boats to prevent them from bending at the centre. He also invented the T-rail. About 1816 he commenced steam ferriage between N.Y. City and the Jersey shore. A projector of the "Camden and Amboy Railroad, and many years pres. of the company. About 1815 invented an improved bomb for the naval ser vice; commissioned by govt. in 1842 to build an immense steam-battery for the defence of N.Y. harbor, left unfinished at the time of his death. Stevens, THADDEFS, political leader, b. Peacham, Vt., Apr. 4, 1793 ; d. Washington, D.C., Aug. 11,1868. Dartm. Coll. 1814. Hb parents were poor. He was sickly and lame ; but his mother toiled with all her strength to secure for him an education. He was ambi tious, and turned his scanty opportunities to such good account, that he succeeded in quali fying himself for college. Immediately after leaving Dartmouth, he moved to York, Pa., where he taught school. Studied law; was adm. to the bar in 1816; and was for many years an eminent practitioner in Gettysburg. In 1828 he entered the political arena, taking sides with the Adams party, and becoming an active Whig. He was several years in the legisl. between 1833 and 41 ; in 1837 he was a member of the State Const. Conv., taking an active part in all important debates, but, being hostile to slavery, refused to sign the constitution because it restricted suffrage on account of color. After the adoption of the constitution, he was a leading spirit in one of the two legislatures in session at the same time; but they finally coalesced without violence. Canal commiss. in 1838. In 1842 he removed to Lancaster, took a front rank at the bar, and was devoted to his profession until 1848, when he was elected to Congress, and ardently op posed the repeal of the Mo. Compromise, the fugitive-slave law, and the Kansas-Nebraska bill. He was again in Congress from 1859 to his death, and was a recognized leader. Dur ing 3 sessions he was chairman of the impor tant com. of ways and means, and was chair man of the com. on reconstruction of the 39th and 40th Congresses. He was also chairman of the board of managers in the impeachment of President Johnson ; member of the Balti more convention in 1864. Thoroughly radical in his views, hating slavery with all the intensi ty of his nature, believing it justj right, and ex pedient not only to emancipate, but to arm, the negro, and make him a soldier, and, after the war, to make him a citizen and give him the ballot, he led off in all measures for effect ing these ends. The Emancipation Proclama tion was urged upon the Pres. by him on ail grounds of right, justice, and expediency; the 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ini tiated and pressed by him. He advocated and carried, during the war, acts of confiscation, and proposed the most rigid and stern measures against the instigators and promoters of the Rebellion to the last day of his life. STE 868 STE Stevens, CAPT. THOMAS HOLDUP, U.S.N., b. Charleston, S.C., 1793; d. Washington, D.C., Jan. 22, 1841. While an inmate and pupil of the orphan asylum in Charleston, Gen. Stevens of that city became interested in him, procured him a midshipman s warrant in 1803, and in 1815 he added by legisl. enactment the name of Stevens to that of Holdup. Lieut. July 24, 1813; master com. Mar. 3, 1825; capt. Jan. 27, 1836. In 1812 he volunteered for lake service. In Dec. he accomp. a party who stormed a battery at Black Rock in the night, in which he received a canister-shot through the right hand, impairing its use for life. In Apr. 1813 he took charge of fitting and rigging the squadron at Erie. In the ac tion of Sept. 10 he com. the sloop " Trippe," fought bravely against the rear of the enemy s line, and, in the pursuit which followed, aided in conquering and bringing back two of the enemy s vessels. In the summer of 1814 he was 1st lieut. of " The Niagara/ and subse quently com. different vessels. He was chiv alrous, generous, and heroic, and possessed considerable literary talent. Stevens, THOMAS H., capt. U.S.N., b. Ct, May 27, 1819. Son of the preceding. MMshipm. Dec. 14, 1836; lieut. May 10, 1849; com. July 1 6, 1 862 ; capt. July 25, 1 866. Com. steamer "Ottawa" at battle of Port Royal, Nov. 1861 ; in various engagements in Florida in Mar. and Apr. 1862; com. steamer "Mara- tanza" in battle of West Point, May 7, 1862 ; capture of Confed. gunboat " Teaser ; " com. steamer "Sonoma," W.I. squad., 1862; com. ironclad "Patapsco" in engagement with Fort Wagner (Aug. 22, 1863), with Fort Moultrie and batteries (Aug. 31 and Sept. 7 and 8); com. boat-assault on Fort Sumter, night of Sept. 8, 1863; com. "Oneida" in operations before Mobile ; and in battle of Mobile Bay, and capture of Confed. fleet (Aug. 5, 1864) and capture of Fort Morgan, com. monitor " Win- nebago." The gallantry, coolness, and conduct of this officer have won for him the highest en comiums. Hamersly. Stevens, GEN. WALTER H., b. New York ab. 1827 ; d. Iberville, La., Dec. 1867. West Point, 1848. Entering the engineers, he be came. 1st lieut. July, 1855, and was dism. 2 May, 1861; on the staff of Gen. Bragg as eng. officer, had the rank of brig.-gen. ; and sur rendered at Appomattox C. H. Apr. 9, 1865. Chief engr. of the railroad from Vera Cruz to Mexico for some time before his death. Stevens, WILLIAM BACON, D.D.-, M.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1838), LL.D., consec. bishop of Pa., Jan. 2, 1862, b. Bath, Me., 1815. Ord deacon and priest Prot.-Ep. Church 1 844 ; and prof, belles-lettres and moral philos. U. of Ga. ; rector of St. Andrew s, Phila., 1848-62; prof, of liturgies in Epis. Divinity School, Phila., 1862. He has pub. " Discourse before the Ga. Hist. Society," Feb. 12, 1841; "History of Georgia to 1797," 2 vols. 8vo, 1847-59 ; " Para- Dies of the N. Test.," 1855; "Consolation;" " Home Service ; " " The Lord s Day ; " " The Past and Present of St. Andrew s," 1858 ; and sermons. He edited the " Ga. Hist. Colls.," vols. i. and ii., and pub. many tracts and papers in periodicals. Ailibone. Stevenson, ANDREW, statesman, b. Cul- peper Co., Va., 1784; d. Blenheim, Albemarle Co., Va., June 25, 1857. Prominent at the bar. In 1 804 he became a member of the Va. legisl., and afterwards speaker; M.C. in 1821 34, and in 1827-34 was speaker; minister to Eng. in 1836-41 ; he devoted himself, on his re turn, cMefly to agricultural pursuits and to the interests of the Va. University, of which institu tion he was a rector at the time of his death. Stevenson, JOHN W., statesman, son of Andrew, b. Richmond, Va., ab. 1819. U. of Va. He settled at Covington, Ky., in 1841 ; practised law with success ; in the Ky. legisl. m 1845-7 ; a leader in the State Const. Conv. in 1 849 ; member of the Democ. Nat. Conv. of 1848, 52, and 56 ; M.C. 1857-61 ; acting gov. of Ky. 1867-8; gov. 1868-72; one of the com missioners to revise the code of Kentucky. Stevenson, GEN. THOMAS G., b. Boston, 1836 ; killed near Spottsylvania, Va., May 10, 1864. Son of Hon. J. Thomas. Early evinced a taste for military life, and was major 4th batt. Ms. Inf. when the Rebellion began. He had a high reputation as a drill-master, and trained a large number of young men since honorably disting. in the field. He raised the 24th Regt., participating as its col. in the capture of Roanoke Island and Newbern ; suc cessfully defended Washington, N.C., against superior forces of the enemy ; led a brigade in the movements on Kinston; brig.-gen. Dec. 27, 1862; and in the following summer aided in the reduction of Morris Island and in the assault on Fort Wagner. He was in com. of the 1st div. 9th corps when he fell. Stewart, ALEXANDER, a British gen. ; d. Dec. 1794. App. capt. 37th Foot 29 June, 1761 ; maj. Aug. 1771 ; lieut-col. 3d (Buffs) 7 July, 1775; col. 16 May, 1780; maj .-gen. 23 Apr. 1790. In May, 1781, he succeeded to the com. of the British tbrces in S.C., and Sept. 8, 1781, fought at Eutaw, against Greene, the last battle of the Amer. Revol., which resulted in his retreat to Charleston. Stewart, ALEXANDER T., a leading mer chant of New York, of Scotch-Irish parentage, b. near Belfast, Ireland, ab. 1803. Educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin. Came to N.Y. City in 1 823 ; taught school for a brief period ; then established a retail dry-goods store on Broad way ; in 1 848 he erected a large marble struc ture (on Chambers St. and Broadway), and acquired great wealth by industry, enterprise, and sagacity. Nominated sec. of the U.S. treasury by Pres. Grant in Mar. 1869, but found ineligible by the U.S. senate. In 1847, during the Irish famine, Mr. Stewart chartered a ship, which he filled with provisions, and sent as a gift to Ireland. A strenuous upholder of the Union during the Rebellion, and strong ly identified with the Repub. party. He was one of the Amer. representatives at the Paris Exposition of 1867 ; d. N. Y. City, Apr. in, 76. Stewart, CHARLES, rear-admiral U.S.N., b. of Irish parents, Phila., July 18, 1778; d. Borclentown, N. J., Nov. 7, 1869. At the age of 13 he entered the merchant-service, in which he rose from the situation of cabin-boy to the com. of an Indiaman. March 9, 1798, ha was commissioned a lieut. in the navy; in 869 STI July, 1800, was ntf. to the coin, of the schoon er " Experiment," and cruised in the West Indies, where he rendered efficient service; Sept. 1 he captured the French schooner " Deux Amis" (of 8 guns), and soon after " The Di ana" (of 14 guns), besides recapturing a num ber of American vessels which had been taken by French privateers. In 1802, as first officer, he joined the frigate " Constellation," which had been ordered to the Mediterranean to block ade Tripoli ; and on his return, after one year s cruise, was placed in com. of the brig " Siren ; " in this vessel he was engaged in the exped. sent to destroy the frigate "Philadelphia" (Fob. 16, 1804), and subsequently in the block ade and siege of Tripoli. For his services in the bombardment of Aug. 3, 1804, he received the thanks of Com. Preble in General Orders. Promoted to be master com. May 19, 1804, he was placed in com. of the frigate " Essex," which joined the squadron in Tunis Bay, and subsequently took com. of the frigate " Constella tion ; " Apr. 22, 1806, he was made capt., and was employed in superintending the construc tion of gunboats at New York ; in Dec. 1812 Capt. Stewart was again app. to " The Con stellation," and proceeded to Hampton Roads, where he assisted in defending Norfolk and Craney Island from the attacks ol the enemy ; in Dec. 1813 he sailed in com. of frigate "Constitution," in which, in Feb. 1815, he fell in with the British ships of war, " The Cyane " of 34, and " The Levant" of 21 guns, and captured them after a sharp conflict of 40 minutes. " The Levant " was subsequently retaken by a British squadron ; but " The Constitution " escaped with her other prize from Port Praya. On his return to America he was received with the highest honors. The legisl. of Pa. presented him with a gold-hilted sword ; and a gold medal was ordered to be struck by Congress. He com. the Medit. squadron from 1817 to 1820, when he took com. of the Pacific fleet. On his return home, he was tried by a court-martial, but was honorably acquitted. Member of the board of navy commiss. 1 830- 3, and in 1837 succeeded Barron in com. of the navy -yard at Phila. In 1857 he was placed on the reserved list on account of his advanced a<rc; but in March, 1859, he was replaced on the active list by special legislation ; July 16, 1862, he was made a rear-adm. on the retired list. He rendered important service in the organization of the navy, and submitted to the dept. many valuable papers on the subject. A Memoir of Stewart was pub. Phila., 8vo, 1836. Stewart, COL. CHARLES, Revol. officer; d. N. J. 24 July, 1800. He was an active and influential soldier and patriot. Member of the first N. J. conv. that issued a decl. of rights against the aggressions of the crown ; member of its first Prov. Congress ; col. of its first regt. of minute-men ; col. of its 2d regt. of the line ; and from 1776 to the close of the war was coinmis.-gen. of issues. Stewart, CHARLES JAMES, D. D. (Oxf. 1817), Prot.-Ep. bishop of Quebec from Jan. 1, 1826, to his d. Lond., July 13, 1837, b. April 13, 1775. Son of the Earl of Galloway. M.A. of Oxford U. 1799. Rector of Orton, near Peterborough, 8 years ; app. to the mission of St. Armand, in the Eastern Townships, C.E. ; in 1819 app. visiting missionary to the diocese of Quebec. Author of " Short View of Eastern Townships in L.C.," 8vo, 1817. See Life by Rev. J. N. Norton, 1859. Stewart, CHARLES SAMUEL, D.D. (U. of N.Y. 1863), clergyman, b. Flemington, N. J., 1795; d. Cooperstown, N.Y., 14 Dec. 1870. N. J. Coll. 1815. Grandson of Col. Charles, and son of Samuel Robert, counsellor-at-law He studied law at Litchfield ; then studied at Princeton Theol. Setn. ; and was ord. an evan gelist and missionary to the Sandwich Islands in 1822. An account of his residence in the Sandwich Islands in 1823-5 was pub. by him in 1828. Returning home in 1826, he travelled and preached extensively in the Northern States, advocating the cause of missions. App, a chaplain U.S.N. in Nov. 1828, the result ot his first cruise was his " Visit to the South Seas in 1829-30," 2v ols. 1831. He also pub. " Brazil and La Plata," 8vo, 1856; and 2 vols. of "A Tour through England, Scotland, and Ireland, in 1832." He held the chaplaincy of the naval station at New York, where he edited the Naval Magazine, in 1836-7. His wife, Harriet Bradford (Tiffany) (b. Stamford, Ct, June 24, 1798; m. June 3, 1822), embarked for the Sandwich Islands with her husband and other missionaries, Nov. 19, 1822, d. Sept. 1830. His son CHARLES S. graduated at West Point (first in class) 1846, and is now a lieut.-col. in the corps of engrs. Stewart, MAJOR JOHN, Revol. officer, b. Ireland ; killed by a fall from his horse near Charleston, S.C. Bro.-in-law of Gen. Wayne, and for his gallantry in the storming of Stony Point was awarded a gold medal by Congress. He com. a corps of light inf., and 31 Aug., 1778, had a severe engagement at Indian Field with Col. Emmerick s command of Tories and Indians. A John Stewart was com. lieut.-col. 1st Md. Regt. 10 Feb. 1781. Stewart, or Stuart, GEN. PHILIP, Revol. officer, b. Va. 1760; d. Washington, D.C., 14 Aug. 1830. He was an officer of Baylor s Dragoons, and was disting. in Col. Washing ton s cavalry at Eutaw, where he led the for lorn-hope, and fell covered with wounds. M.C. from Md. 1811-19. Stewart, ROBERT M., gov. Mo. 1857-61, b. Truxton, Cortland Co., N. Y., 12 March, 1815; d. St. Joseph, Mo., 21 Sept. 1871. When a boy, he emig. to Ky., and in 1838 to Mo., settling in Buchanan" Co. He was 10 years a member of the State senate, and a mem ber of the State Const. Conv. of 1845. Enter - ing the Union army in 1861, ill-health pre vented him from remaining in the service. An efficient promoter of railroads. Stewart, GEN. WALTER, Revol. officer, b. Ireland. Aide-de-camp to Gen. Gates, and col. 13th Regt. (Pa.) in 1777, and honorably disting. himself in the service. He was one of the handsomest men of his day, and m., 11 April, 1781, Deborah, dau. of Blair McClen- achan. He enjoyed the esteem and friendship of Washington, and, after the war, resided in Philadelphia. Stiles, EZRA, D.D. (Edinb. 1765), LL.D (N. J. Coll. 1784), clergyman and scholar, b STI 870 STI \ T orth Haven, Ct., Dec. 15, 1727; d. New Haven, May 12, 1795. Y.C. 1746 ; tutor 1749- 55. His grandfather was brought an infant to N.E. in 1634. His father Isaac was minister of North Haven. Ezra was licensed, and preached his first sermon in June, 1749. Dr. Franklin having sent an electrical apparatus to Yale, Mr. Stiles, with one of his fellow-tutors, entered zealously upon this new field of science, and performed the first electrical experiments ever made in New England. In Apr. 1750 he preached to the Stockbridge Indians. Ill- health and religious doubts caused him to begin the study of law in 1752. He was adm. to the bar in 1753, and practised at N. Haven 2 years. In Feb. 1755 he pronounced a Latin oration in honor of Dr. Franklin on occasion of his visiting New Haven, and was on intimate terms with him till his death; in April, 1755, he was invited to preach at Newport, and soon alter became settled there permanently, having conquered his theological doubts; in 1777, while a resident of Portsmouth, whither he re moved on the British occupation of Newport, he was a second time invited to the pres. of Yale Coll., which he accepted, and entered upon June 23, 1778, filling this post till his death. After the death of Prof. Daggett in 1780, he discharged the duties of prof, of divin ity, besides giving each week one or two disser tations on philos. or astronomical subjects. Dr. Stiles was an indefatigable student, acquired many Oriental languages, corresp. with the Jesuits on the geography of California, with Greek bishops on the physical formation of Pal estine and the adjacent countries, and addressed scientific and philological queries to travellers from remote regions. Dr. Stiles was, un doubtedly, one of the purest and best-gifted men of his age. One of his daughters m. Rev. Abiel Holmes, by whom his Life was written and pub. in 1798*. His Life by Prof. Kingsley is in the second series of Sparks s Collection. His chief literary productions are his " History of Three of the Judges of King Charles I.," 1 794 ; " Account of the Settlement of Bristol, " 1785; a funeral oration on Gov. Law, 1751; and on his re-election to his office of president, 1778, in Latin. He wrote many addresses and sermons. One of the latter is an able plea for the union of various N. England denomina tions. Stiles s Diary and bound manuscripts, preserved at Yale, fill 45 vols., and include numerous important details of the Revol., of which he was an early and constant promoter. " A Family Tablet," Boston, 12mo, 1796, con tains poems by the Stiles family. 13 are by Miss Ruth Stiles ("Louisa"), who m. Rev. Caleb Gannett; 3, signed " Eugenic," are by Dr. Ezra Stiles, jun., who d. N.C. Aug. 22, 1 784 ; 8 are by Mary (" Myra ") ; and 1 6 are by her husband. Rev. Abiel Holmes (" Mvron ). Stiles, HENRY REED, M.D. (U. of N.Y. 1855), hist, writer, b. N.Y. City 10 Mar. 1832. Practised med. in Galena, 111.; now (1871) in Brooklyn, N.Y. Has pub. "History of Ancient Windsor, Ct.," 8vo, 1859 ; also a supplement to the same, 8vo, 1863 ; " Stiles s Genealogy," 1863; "History of Brooklyn, N.Y.," 3 vols. l\-o, 1869-70;" "Bundling, its Origin," &c., 2mo, 1869; "Autobiog of Thos. Douglas," 12mo, 1856. He has edited " The Wallabou, Prison-Ship," "Revol. Adventures of Eb. Fox," " Andrew Sherburne s Memoirs," and " Prison- ship Narrative," and has edited as well as con- trib. to the N.Y. Hist. Magazine. Stiles, WILLIAM H., politician and author, b. Savannah, Ga. ; d. there Dec. 20, 1865. He became a lawyer in Savannah in 1831 ; was solicitor-gen, of the eastern dist. of Ga. in 1833-6; M. C. 1843-5; and was cliurgf d affaires to Austria 1845-9. Served as a col. in the Conied. army. Author of " A His tory of Austria in 1848*-9." Stille*, ALFRED, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1836), b. Phila. 1813. U. of Pa. 1832. Studied also in Europe. Res. physician Phila. Hospital 1836, Pa. Hospital 1839-41 ; lecturer on pathology and prac. of med. to Phila. Assoc. for Med. Instruction 1844-50; physician to St. Joseph s Hosp. 1849 ; prof, of theory and prac. of med. in Pa. Med. Coll. 1854-9, and in U. of Pa. since June 20, 1864. He has pub. " Medical Instruction in the U.S.," 8vo, 1845 ; "Ele ments of Pathology," 1848 ; " Report on Med. Literature," 1850 ; " Unity of Medicine," 1856; "Humboldt s Life and Char.," 1859; "Therapeutics," 2 vols. 8vo, 3d ed., 1868; " War as an Element of Civilization," 1862 ; " Epidemic Meningitis," 1867. Contrib. to med. and surg. journals. AUibone. Still e\ CHARLES JANEWAY, LL.D., b. Phila. 1819. Y.C. 1839. Prof, of Eng. lit., U. of Pa., May 1 , 1 866, and provost of the same, Sept. 1868. Author of "How a Free People conduct a Long War," 1862; "North ern Interest and Southern Independence," 1863; "Hist. Development of Amer. Civiliza tion," an address at Y.C., July 29, 1 863 ; " Hist. U.S. Sanitary Com.," 8vo, 1866; "Memoir of Rev. Win. Smith, D.D.," 1869.- AUibone. Stille*, MORETON, M.D., physician and author, b. Phila. Oct. 27, 1822 ; d. Saratoga, N.Y., Aug. 20, 1855. U. of Pa. 1844. His ancestor Olof Person Stille came with the first Swedish colony to the banks of the Del. in 1638. He began his medical studies with, his bro. Alfred, and, after spending 3 years in Europe, settled in practice in Phila. in 1847. Resident phys. Pa. Hospital 1848-9; revisited Europe in 18502 ; and in Mar. 1855 was app. lecturer in the Phila. Assoc. for Med. Instruc tion. Besides many contributions to med. journals, he was joint author with Mr. Whar- ton of a valuable treatise on med. jurispru dence. Gross s Med, Blocj. Stillman, SAMUEL, D.D. (B.U. 1788), Baptist clergyman, b. Phila. Feb. 27, 1707; d. Boston, March 12, 1807. In 1748 his par ents removed to Charleston, S.C. ; and he re ceived his education at an acad. in that ci y. He preached his first sermon, Feb. 17, 1758; was ord. Charleston, Feb. 26, 1759; settled at James Island, but soon returned to Phila., where he m. Hannah, dau. of Evan Morgan. Ill-health occasioned his removal to Bordcn- town, N.J., in 1760, whence, 2 years afterwards, he came to Boston. After being one year an assist, at the Second Baptist Church, he was installed minister of the First, Jan. 9, 1765, where he continued till his death from a para lytic shock. MJ. fetillman soon became one STI 871 STO of the most popular pulpit-orators of his day, and contributed powerfully to the cause of liberty by his patriotic discourses. He was a delegate to the U.S. Const. Conv. in 1788, and was a decided Whig, and a Federalist of the Washington school. He was active in the interests of Brown U., and his name appears in the act of incorporation 1 764. A Memoir by his son-in-law Thomas Gray, D.D., is prefixed to a vol. of occasional sermons pub. in 1808. Among his pub. discourses are, " On the Re peal of the Stamp Act," 1766; "Four Dis courses," 1769; "Ancient and Hon. Art. Ser mon," June 4, 1770 ; " Election Sermon," May 26, 1779; "Masonic Dis. at Charlestown," June 24, 1785 ; " Oration," July 4, 1789, Bos ton ; " On the Death of Mary Stillman," his mother, 1768; "Hon. Samuel Ward," bef. Con gress, Mar. 26, 1776; "Nicholas Brown of Prov.," May 31, 1791 ; " Washington," 1800; "Rev. H. Smith," Haverhill, Jan. 31, 1805. GeneaL Reg., ix. 78. Stirling, LORD. See ALEXANDER, WM. Stirling, SIR THOMAS, of Ardoch, a Brit ish gen. ; d. 9 May, 1808. He obtained his captaincy in July, 1757, in the 42d, or Royal Highland Regt., which accomp. Abercrombie in 1758, and Amherst in 1759, in their respec tive expeds. on Lakes George and Champlain ; was afterwards detailed to assist at the siege of Niagara, and accomp. Amherst from Oswego to Montreal in 1760; in 1765 Capt. Stirling was stationed at Fort Chartres in 111., and returned to Phila. in June, 1766, after a march of more than 3,000 miles, with his entire de tachment of 100 men in perfect health, and without accident; app. a major in 1770, and lieut.-col. 42d in Sept. 1771. He com. this regt. throughout the Amer. Revol. ; was in the engagement on Staten Island, and in the battle of Brooklyn Heights in 1776; at the storming of Fort Washington, the capture of Red Bank, and in the battle of Brandywine ; wounded at the battle of Springfield, June 7, 1780. He became a col. in the army in 1779, and was brigadier under Clinton in the exped. against Charleston, S.C., in 1780. He suc ceeded Lieut.-Gen. Frazer as col. of the 71st Highlanders in Feb. 1782 ; and in Nov. follow ing^ became maj.-gen. ; in 1796 he was app. lieut.-gen., and created a baronet; and became a gen. Jan. 1, 1801. He was an officer of su perior merit. Stith, REV. WILLIAM, pres. of Wm. and Mary Coll. 1752-5, b. Va. 1689; d. Williams- burg, Va., 27 Sept. 1755. Son of Capt. John and Mary Randolph, and was a bro.-in-law of Peyton Randolph. Studied theol., and ord. in Eng. in 1731 ; master of the grammar-school of Wm. and M. Coll. 1731, chaplain h. of burgesses 1738, and rector of Henrico parish 1752-5. Author of " History of Va. from the First Settlement to the Dissol. of the Lond. Co.," written in 1745, pub. Wiiliamsburg 1747. Stobo, MAJ. ROBERT, b. Glasgow 1727; d. ab. 1770. The son of a merchant. Came to Va. ab. 1742; was app. a capt. in 1754; was with Washington at Fort Necessity when it Bin-rendered in July of that year, and was a hostage for the fulfilment of the articles of ca pitulation. While at Fort Du Qucsne, he drew up a plan of the works, and sent it to the com. man ding officer at Wills s Creek. His cor respondence fell into the hands of the French on the defeat of Gen. Braddock, and he was imprisoned at Quebec, whence, on a third at tempt (in 1768), he succeeded in escaping, and joined the British army at Louisburg. He accomp. it to Quebec, and was useful by his knowledge of localities. He returned to Va., whence in 1760 he sailed for Eng. ; was made capt. 15th Foot, June 5, 1761 ; served in the W. Indies in 1762 ; returned to Eng. in 1767 ; and left the army in 1770. See Memoir by A . B. C., Pittsburg, 1854, 18mo. Stockton, RICHARD, signer of the Decl. of ludep., b. Princeton, N. J., Oct. 1, 1730 ; d. near there Feb. 28, 1781. N. J. Coll. 1748. He studied law with David Ogden of Newark ; was adm. to the bar in 1754, and soon became disting. Visiting Eng. in 1766, he rendered valuable services to N. J. Coll. ; and on his re turn, in 1767, was escorted to his residence by the people, by whom he was much beloved. In 1768 he was made a member of the exec, council of N. J. ; in 1774 he was app. a judge of the Sup. Court of N. J. ; and was chosen a delcg. to Congress in 1776, in time to partici pate in the debate on the proposition for inde pendence : though at first doubtful of its poli cy, he cordially supported it. He was re-elected to Congress, where he was an active and influ ential member. Soon after his return from a mission to the northern army under Schuyler, he was captured by a party of royalists, Nov. 30, 1776, who threw him into prison at New York, and treated him with great severity. Congress interposing, he was exchanged ; but he fell a sacrifice to the ill-usage he had re ceived. The enemy destroyed his library, and devastated his lands. He was unrivalled at the bar, and refused to engage in any cause which he knew to be unjust, and stood forth in defence of the helpless and injured. Stockton, RICHARD, LL.D., lawyer and statesman, son of the preceding, b. Princeton, N.J., April 17, 1764; d. March 7, 1828. N. J. Coll. 1779. In 1796 he was chosen to the U.S. Senate, and in 1813 to the house of represen tatives; in 1825 he was a commissioner from N. J. to negotiate the settlement of an impor tant territorial controversy with N. Y., and penned the proposed agreement appended to this report. He was a profound lawyer, and an uncommonly eloquent advocate, and, during more than a quarter of a century, was at the head of the bar of New Jersey. Stockton, ROBERT FIELD, commodore U.S.N., b. Princeton, N. J., 1796; d there Oct. 7, 1866. A.M. of N. J. Coll. 1820. Son of the preceding. He left N. J. Coll. in his 15th year ; entered the navy as midshipm. Sept. 1, 1811 ; received honorable notice for gallant ry in several battles ; was made lieut. Dec. 9, 1814 ; com. May 27, 1830; capt. Dec. 8, 1838 ; resigned May 28, 1850. In 1815, while 1st lieut. of " The Spitfire," he disting. himself by boarding with a boat s crew an Algerine war- vessel. Ordered in 1821 to the coast of Africa, he obtained by treaty from the native chiefs tho tract constituting the present republic of Li beria. He also captured many slavers, and a sxo 872 sxo Portuguese privateer, " The Marianna Flora " of 22 guns. On his return, he was successful in breaking up the nests of many W. India pi rates. In 1826-38 he took an active part in politics in favor of Gen. Jackson, and also in aiding internal improvements in his State. In 1838 he was flag-officer of " The Ohio" in the Mediterranean. He was one of the first to ad vocate a steam navy ; and " The Princeton," built according to his plans in 1844, furnished the model for numerous other vessels. By the explosion of one of her large guns, Feb. 28, 1844, Com. Stockton was seriously injured. Sent to the Pacific in Oct. 1 845, he with 1 ,500 men, including 600 sailors, in about 6 months conquered the whole of California, and estab lished the authority of the U.S. there. Form ing a provis. govt., he returned to the east in June, 1847. The difficulty between him and Gen. Kearney in relation to the supreme com. there was subsequently made the subject of a court-martial. U.S. senator in 1851-3, he stren uously opposed intervention in favor of Hun gary, and procured the passage of a law for the abolition of flogging in the navy. His life and speeches were pub. 8vo, New York. Stockton, THOMAS, gov. of Del. 1844-6; d. Newcastle, Del., March 2, 1846. Capt. 3d Art. Sept. 10, 1812 ; major 42d Inf. Apr. 15, 1814; resigned July 6, 1825. Stockton, THOMAS HEWLINGS, D.D., Meth. clergyman, b. Mt. Holly, N. J., June 4, 1808; d. Phila. Oct. 9, 1868. Rewrote for the press at 16, and studied medicine in Phila. ; but in May, 1 829, began preaching ; in 1 830 was stationed at Baltimore ; and was chaplain to Congress in 1833, 35, and 37. At Baltimore he compiled the hymn-book of the Meth.-Prot. Church, and edited the Methodist-Protestant; but, unwilling to submit to restrictions in its discussions of slavery by the Baltimore Conf., he resigned, and went to Phila., where he was pastor and a public lecturer until 1847 ; he then removed to Cincinnati ; declined the presi dency of Miami U. ; in 1850-6 was assoc. pas tor of St. John s Church, Baltimore ; and for 3$ years Avas temporary pastor of an assoc. Ref. P~resb. Church. In 1856-68 he was pastor of the Church of the New Testament, and per formed also much literary labor. He had a high reputation for eloquence, and edited with abili ty the Christian World and Bible Times. He was in the van in all forms of social progress, and a pioneer in the antislavery party. He op posed sectarianism, and by voice and pen helped to promote Christian brotherhood and union. Memoirs of Stockton have been pub. by Rev. Alex. Clark and by Rev. John G. Wilson. He was again chaplain to the U.S. house of representatives in 1859-61, and in 1862 of the U.S. senate. Dr. Stockton pub. an edition of the New Testament in paragraph form ; many pamphlets, sermons, and address es ; " Floating Flowers from a Hidden Brook," 1844; "The Bible Alliance," 1850; "Ser mons for the People," 1854; "The Blessing," 1857 ; " Stand up for Jesus," 1858 ; " Poems, with Autobiographic and Other Notes," 1862 ; * The Peerless Magnificence of the Word of God," 1862 ; and "The Meditation of Christ." Stoddard, AMOS, soldier and author, b. Woodbury, Ct., Oct. 26, 1762; d. May H 1813. Grandson of Rev. Anthony. He wat a soldier from 1779 to the close of the war of indep. ; then clerk of the Supreme Court in Boston ; was a lawyer in Hallowell, Me., in 1792-8; was app. capt. of art. June 1, 1798; gov. of Mo. Terr. 1804-5; major June 30, 1807; dep. quartern!. July 16, 1812 ; (listing, and dangerously wounded by a shell in the siege of Fort Meigs, and died of tetanus. Author of " Sketches of Louisiana," I2mo, 1810; and the " Political Crisis," Lend. His papers are in the archives of the Western Reserve Hist. Soc., Cleveland, Ohio. Stoddard, ANTHONY, b. Northampton, Aug. 9, 1678, minister of Woodbury, Ct., from May 27, 1702, to his d. Sept. 6, 1760. H.U. 1697. He was clerk of probate 40 years; was the lawyer and physician of his people, and one of the largest farmers in the town. A genealogy of the descendants of Anthony of Boston, by Charles and Elijah W. Stoddard, was pub. N.Y., 8vo, 1865. Stoddard, RICHARD HENRY, poet, b. Hingham, Ms., July, 1825. His father, a sea- captain, was lost on a voyage to Sweden in the early youth of the son, who, for several years,, worked in an iron foundry in New York, in whic-h city he has resided since 1835, holding for some years a post in the custom-house. His health failing, he became in 1848 a contrib. to the magazines and newspapers. In 1852 he m. Elizabeth Drew (Barstow), a poetess, b. Mat- tapoisett, Ms., 1823, author of 3 novels, " Morgesons," 1862; "Two Men," 1865; "Temple House," 1867. He pub. in 1849 a collection of poems entitled "Footprints." A collection of his maturer poems was pub. in Boston in 1852. He has written " Adventures in Fairy-Land," 1853, a series of prose tales; " Songs of Summer," and " Town and Coun try," a book for children, 1857; "Loves and Heroines of the Poets," I860; "The King s Bell," 1863; "Putnam the Brave," 1869; "Life, Travels, and Books of Alexander von Humboldt," 1859; "Abraham Lincoln," an Horatian ode, 1865 ; " Madrigals," mostly from the old Eng. poets, 1865 ; " Book of the East/ 1871; edited the "Late Eng. Poets," Dec. 1865. Stoddard, SOLOMON, clergyman, b. Bos ton, Sep. 27, 1643; d. Northampton, Ms., Feb. 11,1729. H.U. 1662. He was a fellow, and in 1667-72 first librarian, of H.U. During this time, his health being poor, he went to Barbadoes as chaplain to Gov. Scrle, and for near 2 years preached to dissenters. Called in 1669 to the church at Northampton, he was ord. there Sept. 11, 1672, and remained there till his death. In Feb. 1727, Jonathan Edwards, his grandson, was elected as his colleague ; in 1700 he pub. "The Doctrine of Instituted Churches," in answer to I. Mather s " Order of the Gospel.* which occasioned an exciting controversy, which was renewed in 1 708-9. He pub. some miscellaneous sermons, " A Guide to Christ," 1714, and " The Safety of appearing in the Day of Judgment in the Righteousness of Christ," reprinted atEdinb. in 1792; " The Trial of Assurance," 1696. He was a man of learning, and a very successful preacher. STO 873 STO His, son Col. JOHN d. Boston, June 19, 1748, a. 67. H.U. 1701. He was many years mem ber of the council of Ms., chief justice of C.C.P., and col. of militia. See His Jour, of Exped. to Canada, 1713-14, in Geneal. Reg., Jan. 1851. Stoddert, BENJAMIN, sec. U. S. N. 21 May, 1798-26 Jan. 1802; b. Md. 1751 ; d. Bla- densburg, Md., 17 Dec. 1813. A capt. at the battle of B randy wine ; afterward a maj. in the Revol. army. Many years extensively engaged in mercantile pursuits in Georgetown", D.C. Stoever, MARTIN LUTHER, Ph.D. (Ham. 1865), LL.D., b. Germantown, Pa., 17 Feb. 1820; d. Gettysburg, Pa., 22 July, 1870. U. of Pa. 1838. App. in 1839 tutor of Pa. Coll., he was connected with it as tutor, principal of prep, dept., or prof, of Latin, until his death. Author of " Self-Culture," an address, Sept. 14, 1841, Gettysburg; "Life of H. M. Muh- lenberg, D.D.," 1856; "Memorial of P. F. Mayer, D..D.," 1859; "Brief Sketch of the Lutheran Church in the U.S.," 1860. Editor Literary Record 1847-8; and co-editor, and from 1862-70 sole editor, of the Evangelical Re view; contrib. to periodicals. Stokes, ANTHONY ; d. Lond. 27 Mar. 1799, a. 63. Barrister at law of the Inner Temple, Lond.; from 1768 chief justice, and from 1772 councillor, of Ga., and until its evacuation by the British forces in 1782. Pub. Lond., 1783, " View of the Constitution of the British Colonies in N.A.," &c. A loyalist at the opening of the Revol., he was made a prisoner, but was soon afterward exchanged, and returned to Eng. Europ. Mag., Aug. 1783. Stokes, MONTFORD, gov. of N.C. 1830-2, b. N.C. 1760; d. Ark. 1842. Served in the Revol. army ; several years clerk of the Superior Court, and afterwards of the Senate ; U.S. senator 1816-23 ; State senator 1826 ; mem ber of the House 1829-30; Indian agent in Ark. from 1831 until his death. His bro. Col. JOHN, a Revol. officer, afterward U.S. dist. judge of N.C., d. Fayetteville, N.C., Oct. 1790. Stone, ANDREW LEETE, D.D. (Amh. Coll. 1861), b. Oxford, Ct., Nov. 25, 1815. Y.C. 1837. Son of Dr. Noah Stone, a phy sician. Three years a prof, in the N.Y. Insti tution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb ; at the same time pursuing the study of theology. He then connected himself with the Amer. S.S. Union atPhila. ; in Sept. 1844 was ord. pastor of the South Church, Middle- town, Ct. ; in Jan. 1849 was called to the pastorate of the Park-street Church, Boston ; and in 1865 was settled in San Francisco, Cal. He is a very popular preacher, and is deeply interested in the great reforms of the day. Author of " Service the End of Living," 1858 ; " Ashton s Mothers," 1859 ; " Discourse on the Death of Abraham Lincoln," 1865; addresses, sermons, &c. Stone, GEN. CHARLES P., b. Greenfield, Ms., 1826. West Point, 1845. Assist, prof, of ethics, West Point, Aug. 1845-Jan. 1846 ; brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Molino del Rey Sept. 8, and capt. for Chapul tepee Sept. 13, 1847; became 1st lieut. 26 Feb. 1853 ; and resigned Nov. 17, 1856. Banker in San Fran- sisco 1856-7 ; chief, comr. under the Mex. govt. for survey and explor. of public lands in Sonora and L. Cal. 1857-60. Jan. 2, 1861 , he was app. by Gen. Scott to organize and com. the militia of the Dist. of Col. ; May 14, 1861, he was made col. 14th Inf. ; May 28 he was attached to the staff of Gen. McDowell ; was soon after assigned to com. a brigade under Gen. Patter son; and was made brig.-gen. vols. May 17, 1861. The troops engaged in the battle of Ball s Bluff, Oct. 21, belonged to his division, and acted under his orders ; and, reports un favorable to his loyalty having been circulated, he was arrested Feb. 9, 1862, and confined in Fort Lafayette. In Aug. 1862 he was released, and ordered to Washington. May 9, 1863, he was ordered to report for duty to Gen. Banks in La. ; was engaged in the siege and capture of Port Hudson ; was chief of staff to Gen. Banks, July, 1863-April, 1864; engaged at Bayou Tiche, Sabine Cross-Roads, and Pleas ant Hill; and com. a brigade in 5th corps, Army of Potomac, before Petersburg, Aug. 21, to his resignation 13 Sept. 1864; in 1870 he entered the service of the khedive of Egypt as brig.-gen. and chief of staff. Stone, DAVID, judge and senator, b. Bertie Co., N.C., Feb. 17, 1770; d. Raleigh, Oct. 7, 1818. N. J. Coll. 1788. He studied law ; rose to a high position at the bar; was 4 years in the State legisl. ; judge of the Supreme Court in 1795-8; M.C. 1799-1801; U.S. senator 1801-7; gov. of N.C. in 1808-10; and again U.S. senator in 1813-14. Stone, DAVID MA VINE, editor, and one of the proprietors, of the N. Y. Jour, of Commerce since 1849, b. Oxford, Ct., 23 Dec/1817. Son of Dr. Noah Stone. At first engaged in mechanical pursuits, he afterwards employed himself in mercantile affairs, and was long a contrib. to various periodicals. Stone, EDWIN MARTIN, 13 years Cong, pastor at Beverly, Ms., and since 1847 in the ministry at large, Providence, R.I. ; b. Fra- mingham, Ms., 29 Apr. 1805. He pub. " Biog. of Elhanan Winchester," 1836; "Hymns for Sab. Schools," 1837; "History of Beverly, Ms.," 1843 ; "Life of John Howland," 1857; " History of the Providence Association," 1860; " The Architect and Monetarian," 1869 ; " Hist. Sketches of the Services of R.I. Regts.," &c. (1861-5), pub. in the "Register of R.I. Vols.," 1866 ; "Hymns and Tunes for Vestry and Conf. Meetings," 6th ed. 1844 ; " Invasion of Canada in 1775, including the Journal of Capt. S. Thayer, with Notes and Appendix," 1867. Contrib. of hist., educ., theol., and other articles to periodicals, and successively editor of the Boston Times (1827), Indep. Messenger (1832-3), and Salem Observer. His son EDWIN WINCHESTER, b. Beverly, Ms., 30 Sept. 1835, served in the 1st R.I. Art. in the Rebellion ; was a war corresp. of the Prov. Journal, and pub. "Rhode Island in the Rebellion," 1864, 2d ed. 12mo, 1865. Stone, JOHN AUGUSTUS, actor and dramatist, b. Concord, Ms., 1801 ; d. Phila. June I, 1834, having drowned himself in the Schuylkill in a fit of derangement. He made his "d&ut in Boston as Old Norval in the play of " Douglas ; " acted in N.Y. City in 1826, and in Phila. at intervals afterwards. H STO 874 sxo krodnced " Mctamora," for which Mr. Forrest paid him $500, and " The Ancient Briton," for which he received from the same source $1,000, the " Banker of Rouen," " La Roque the Regicide," the " Demoniac," " Tancred," and other pieces. Dinjckinck. Stone, JOHN HASKINS, gov. of Md. 1794- 7; d. Annapolis, Oct. 5, 1804. While young, and at an early period of the Revol. war, he was the first capt. in Smallwood s regt. ; was made col. in Dec. 1776; and resigned Aug. 1, 1779. He disting. himself at the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Princeton, and Germantown, in the last of which he received a wound which disabled him from further ser vice. In 1781 he became a clerk in the office of R. R. Livingston, sec. of foreign affairs ; was subsequently a member of the exec, coun cil of Maryland. Stone, JOHN SEELY, D.D., Epis. divine, b. W. Stockbridge, Ms., 1795. Un. Coll. 1823. Rector of Christ Ch., Brooklyn, and of St. Paul s Ch., Boston, 1832-41; some years lec turer in the Phila. Div. School, and since July, 1867, dean of the Theol. Sem., Cambridge, Ms. Author of " The Mysteries Opened," 1844 ; lectures on the Christian Sabbath, 1867; "The Church Universal," 1846, enlarged to "The Living Temple," 1866; "The Con trast," &c., 1853; "Life of James Milnor, D.D.," 8vo, 1848 ; " Life of Bishop Griswold," 8vo, 1844. Stone, LUCY, reformer, b. West Brook- field, Ms., 1818. She grad. at Oberlin Coll., where her oratorical talent decided her voca tion. On her return to N. Eng., she became an agent of the Am. Antislavery Society, lec turing alternately for the slave and woman. In 1855 she was married to Henry B. Blackwell, retaining her own name. " She was the first speaker who really stirred the nation s heart on the subject of woman s wrongs." She was prominent in all the early nat. conventions, as she was sec. of the woman s-rights organiza tion for many years. She left her retirement in the spring of 1867, and travelled through Kansas, speaking to large audiences, and in the following winter lectured on suffrage for wo man in Ct., Ms., N.J., and N.Y. She has an intellectual face, and a soft, clear, and musical voice. Stone, SAMUEL, minister, b. Hertford, Eng. ; d. Hartford, Ct., July 20, 1663. Eman- uel Coll., Cambridge, 1623-7. He came to America to escape persecution, with Mr. Cotton -and Mr. Hooker, in 1633 ; was an as sist, to the latter, Oct. 11, 1633-47; removed with him to Hartford in 1636 ; and was his suc cessor in the ministry for 16 years. Eminent as a controversialist, and celebrated for wit and pood humor. The latter part of his life was imbittered by theol. disputes, which led to a divided church. He left in MS. a body of divinity much esteemed by theol. students, and a confutation of the Antinomians. Stone, THOMAS, a signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Pointon Manor, Charles Co., Md., 1743; d. Port Tobacco, Md., Oct. 5, 1787. Descended from William Stone, gov. of the state during Cromwell s protectorate. He re- seived his academic education under the care of a Scotch tutor; afterwards studied law in Annapolis under Thos. Johnson, and engaged in practice at Frederickton, Md., at the age of 21; and in 1771 removed to Charles Co. Mem ber of ^Congress 1775-9 (foremost among the champions of his country s rights and honor at that trying period), and again in 1783-4, and pres. pro tern. He strongly favored the establishment of independence; served on sev eral committees, including that charged to pre pare a plan of confederation ; and was app. a deleg. from Md. to the conv. of 1787 which formed the Const, of the U.S. : but domestic circumstances compelled him to decline. Re peatedly a member of the Md. senate during the intervals of his congressional service. Stone, WILLIAM LEETE, author and edi tor, b. New Paltz, N.Y., Apr. 20,1792 ; d. Sara toga Springs, Aug. 15, 1844. Son of Rev. Win. Stone. Removed to Cooperstown 1809, where he assisted his father in the care of a farm, but at the age of 17 became a printer ii a newspaper-office. In 1813 he became editor of the Herkimer American, and subsequently edited a polit. newspaper at Hudson, then at Albany, afterwards at Hartford, and from 1821 until his death was one of the proprs. and edi tor of the N. Y. Commercial Advertiser. Col. Stone also edited while at Hudson the Loun ger, a lit. periodical disting. for its pleasantry and wit; in 1834 he pub. two vols. of " Tales and Sketches; " in 1832 "Letters on Mason ry and Anti-Masonry;" " Mathias and his Impostures," 1835; in 1836 " Ups and Downs in the Life of a Gentleman," a satire on the follies of the day; Memoirs of Brandt, 1838, and of Red Jacket, 1841; "Life of Uncas;" "History of Wyoming," 1840; "Border Wars of the Amer. Revol.," 2 vols. 1834 ; " Maria Monk," &c., 1836 ; Letters on Animal Magnetism, 1837. He had completed the col lection and arrangement of the materials for an extended memoir of Sir Wm. Johnson at the time of his death, since completed and pub. by his son. For some years he had been supt. of common schools in N.Y. City, and did much for the cause of education. His son WILLIAM LEETE, Jun. (b. N.Y. City, 1835; Brown U. 1857), has published "Guide to Saratoga Springs," 1866 ; " History of N.Y. City," 8vo, 1868; "Life of Sir Wm. Johnson," 2 vols. 8vo, 1865. Is engaged on a " History of the Six Nations," and has contrib. to the magazines. Ed. of Gen. Reidsel s Memoirs, from the Ger man of Von Eelking, 2 vols. 8vo, 1868. Stone, WILLIAM MURRAY, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1831), Pr.-Ep. bishop of Md. (consec. 21 Oct. 1830), b. Somerset Co., Md., 1779; d. near Salisbury, Md., Feb. 26, 1838. He was educated at Washington Acad., on the Eastern Shore; ord. deacon 1802, and ministered for many years in his native parish with fidelity and success. Bishop Stone was remarkable for the meekness, humility, and simplicity of his character. He pub. a charge, 1831 ; pas toral letter, 1835 ; and a sermon, 1835. Stoneman, GEORGE, brev. major-gen. U.S.A., b. Busti, Chaiitauqua Co., N. Y., Aug. 8, 1822. West Point, 1846. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he acted as quartermaster to the Mormon battalion at Santa Fe, and sent with STO 875 STO it to Cal. in 1847 ; capt. 3 Mar. 1855 ; in 1861, being in com. of Fort Brown, Texas, he re fused to obey the order of his superior, Gen. Twiggs, for the surrender of the govt. property to the secessionists, chartered a steamer, evacu ated the fort, and arrived at N.Y. March 15; May 9 he was made maj. 4th Cav., and served in Western Va. as insp.-gen. until Aug. 13, when he became brig.-gen. vols., chief of cav., aad highly efficient in organizing that arm of the service. After the evacuation of Yorktown by the Confeds., his com. of cav. and flying art. pursued and overtook them, and thus brought on the battle of William sburg, May 5, 1862. After the second battle of Bull Run, he took com. of the division of Kearny; succeeded Hcintzelman as com. of the 3d army corps, which he led at Fredcricksburg 13 Dec. 1862; maj.-gcn. Nov. 29, 1862; com. cav. corps in raid towards Richmond, Apr. 13-May 2, 1863; and com. 23d corps, Jan.-Apr. 1864. On the re-organization of the armies operating against Richmond by Gen. Grant, Gen. Stoneman was app. to com the cavalry corps in the dept. of the Ohio ; was engaged in the operations of the Atlanta campaign to July 31, 1864, when he was captured at Clinton, Ga., while on a raid to Andersonville ; com. raid to South west Va. in Dec. 1864 ; com. dist. of E. Tenn. Feb.-Mar. 1865; com. exped. to Asheville, N.C., Mar.- Apr. 1865, and engaged at Wythe- ville, capture of Salisbury, N.C., and Ashe ville. Brcv. brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for capture of Charlotte, N.C., and services during the Rebellion ; lieut.-col. 3d Cav. Mar. 30, 1864 ; col. 21st Inf. July 28, 1866 ; retired 1871. Cullum. Storer, DAVID HUMPHREYS, M.D. (H.U. 1 825 ), naturalist, b. Portland, Me., 1 804. Bowd. Coll. 1822. Author of "Genera, Species, &c., of Recent Shells/ 1837 ; " Ichthyology, &c., of Ms.," 1839; "Fishes of N.A.,^ 1846; "Fishes of Ms.," 1853. Contrib. to scient. journals. Storer, FRANCIS HUMPHREYS, prof, of chemistry in Ms. Institute of Technology, b. Boston 1832. H.U. Scient. School, 1855. Au thor of "Alloys of Copper and Zinc," 1859; "Manuf. of Paraffmc Oils," 1860; "Solubili ties of Chemical Substance," 1864; with C. W. Eliot, " Manual of Inorganic Chemistry," 1868; and a "Manual of Qualitative Chem. Analysis." Storer, GEORGE W., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Portsmouth, N.H., 1789; d. there 8 Jan. 1864. Nephew of Col. Tobias Lear. Midshipm. 16 Jan. 1809; lieut. 24 July, 1813; com. 24 Apr. 1828; capt. 9 Feb. 1837; rear-adm. (retired list) 16 July, 1862. Com. the squad, off Bra zil 1 848 ; com. sloop-of-war "Boston," in Medit. squad., 1831; com. frigate "Potomac," coast of Brazil, 1838-43; governor naval asylum 1855-8. Storer, HORATIO ROBINSON, M.D. (H.U. 1853), prof, of obstetrics and med. jurisp. in Berkshire Med. Coll., Ms., b. Boston 1830. H.U. 1850. Author (with F. F. Heard) of " Criminal Abortion in America ; " " Why Not? a Book for Every Woman," 1866; "Is it I? a Book for Every Man ; " "Decrease in the Rate of Increase of Population in Europe and America," 1867 ; "Nurses and Nursing," 1866; co-editor of the Journal of the Gyneco logical Soc. of Boston, 1869; and contrib. to scientific journals. AUibone. Storrs, CHARLES BACKUS, first pres. of the West. Res. Coll., 0., b. Longmeadow, Ms. y 15 May, 1794; d. Braintree, Ms., Sept. 15. 1833. N.J. Coll.; And. Theol. Sem. 1820 Son of Rev. Richard S. Ord. 3 Jan. 1821, and preached at Ravenna, 0., from 1822 tc Mar. 1828, when he was chosen prof, of Christ, theol. in the W. Res. Coll., and in 1831 pres. Sprarjue. Storrs, HENRY RANDOLPH, lawyer, b. Middletown, Ct., 1787; d. New Haven, Ju:y 29, 1837. Y.C. 1804. Adm. to the bar in 1807 ; practised first at Champion, Jert Co., N.Y., and afterward at Whitestown and Utica, N.Y.; M.C. in 1819-21, 1823-31 ; and subse quently removed to N.Y. City, where he soon rose to high distinction in his profession. He was 5 years first judge of Oneida County. Storrs, RICHARD SALTER, D.D. (Wms, Coll. 1835), son of Richard S. (minister of Longmeadow, Ct., from 1785 to his d. Oct. 3, 1819, a. 56), b. Feb. 6, 1787. Wms. Coll. 1807. Pastor 1st Cong. Church, Braintree, Ms., 181 1- 1873. He pub. "Memoir of Rev. Samuel Green, 12mo, Bost., and some 20 single ser mons. Edited Boston Recorder; co-editor of the Congreyationalist ; and contrib. to the Pan- oplist, Home Monthly, &c.; d. Aug. 11, 1873. Storrs, RICHARD SALTER, "Jun., D.D. (Un. Coll. 1853), clergyman, b. Braintree, Ms., Aug. 21, 1821. Amh. Coll. 1839 ; And. Theol. Sem. 1845. His father and grandfather of the same name were disting. clergymen. 22 Oct. 1845 he was ord. pastor of the Harvard Cong. Church, Brooklinc, Ms., and in 1846 of the Church of the Pilgrims, Brooklyn, N. Y., which position he still retains. He was assoc. editor of the Independent at its commencement in 1848. He has pub., besides sermons, orations, and ad dresses, " Graham Lectures on the Wisdom, Power, and Goodness of God," 1856; "Life and Letters of Rev. Daniel Temple," 12mo, 1855; and an elaborate report on the revision of the English version of the Bible, undertaken by the Bible Society some years since ; and ar ticles in Biblioiheca Sacra and New-Eny lander, For specimens of his writings, see " The Amer. Pulpit," 1856, 401-20; "Pulpit Eloquence of the 19th Century," 1857, 485-500. Storrs, WILLIAM Lucius, LL.D. ( W. Res. Coll. 1846), jurist, bro. of H. R., b. Middle- town, Ct., Mar. 25, 1795; d. Hartford, June 25, 1861. Y.C. 1814. He studied at Whitestown, N.Y., and was adm. to the bar in 1817. He soon after went to Middletown, where he prac tised until 1840. He was a member of the State Assembly 1 827-9 and 1 834, and was speak er in 1834; M.C. in 1829-33 and 1839-40; app. assoc. judge of the Supreme Court of Err ors in Ct. in June, 1840, and chief justice in 1856. In 1846-7 he was prof, of law in Yale College. Story, ISAAC, poet, b. Marblehead, Aug. 25, 1774; d. there July 19, 1803. H.U. 1793. Son of Rev. Isaac Story, and grandson of Rev. Simon Bradstreet. His father, minister of Marblehead (1771-1800; N.J. Coll. 1768), d. there Oct. 1816, a. 67. He practised law as STO 876 STO Castine, where he also edited the Journal, and at Rutland, Worcester, Co., Ms. Of his writings for periodicals, some were pub. in the Farm er s Museum. He wrote a vol. under the signature of " The Traveller/ much of which appeared in the Columbian Centinel. A vol. entitled "The Parnassian Shop, by Peter Quince," Boston, 1801, was in imitation of Peter Pindar. In 1792 he pub. at Marblehead "An Epistle from Yarico to Inkle," in verse; "Consolatory Odes," 12mo, 1799. In 1800 he delivered a eulogy on Washington at Ster ling, Ms., where he then resided; and in 1801 he Delivered a Fourth-July oration at Worces ter, which was published. Judge Joseph Story was a kinsman. Story, JOSEPH, LL.D., jurist, b. Marble- head, Ms., Sept. 18,1779 ; d. Cambridge, Sept. 10, 1845. H.U. 1798. His father Dr. Elisha was a surgeon in the Revol. army. At the university, Joseph was disting. for his poetical talent. He studied law with Samuel Sewall, and afterward with Samuel Putnam ; was adm. to the bar in July, 1801, and began practice at Salem. In 1804 he pub. a vol. of poems con taining "The Power of Solitude." In 1805- 8 he was a member of the legisl., and a leader on the repub. side; M.C. in 1808-9, separating himself from the administration on the ques tion of continuing the embargo, which he strenuously opposed; speaker of the Ms. house in 1*811; and from Nov. 18, 1811, to his death, was assoc. judge of the U.S. Supreme Court, a position for which he was eminently qualified, and in which he not only won great fame as a judge, but achieved both a European and American reputation as a jurist. In the State Const. Conv. of 1820, Judge Story was a very useful member. Dane professor of law in H.U. from 1829 until his death. In his con stitutional views he was of the school of Wash ington and Marshall. His juridical works evince extraordinary learning, luminous expo sitions, and profound views of the science of law. They include a commentary on the Con stitution, " Conflict of Laws," treatises on the law of bailments, agency, bills of exchange and promissory-notes, partnership, and commenta ries on equityjurisprudt nee and equity pleadings. Judge Story possessed great colloquial powers. His "Miscellaneous Writings "were pub. in 8vo, 1854; a Life, by his son William Story, was pub. 2 vols. 8vo, 1851. He received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard, Brown, and Dartm. Colleges. His commentaries and his written judgments in his circuit make 27 vols., and his judgments in the Supreme Court form an important part of 34 volumes more. Story, WILLIAM WETMORE, son of the preceding, poet and artist, b. Salem, Feb. 19, 1819. H.U. 1838. He studied law under his father s auspices ; was a frequent contrib. in prose and verse to the Boston Miscellany ; and has pub. "Reports of Cases in the U.S. Cir cuit Court for the First Circuit," 2 vols., 1842- 5 ; and " A Treatise on the Law of Contracts not under Seal," 1844; "A Treatise on the Law of Sales of Personal Property," 1847: "The American Question," 1862; "Roba di Roma, "1862; "Proportions of the Human Figure," 1866; "Graffiti d ltalia," 1869; and a poem entitled " The Roman Lawyer in Jeru salem," 1870. In 1844 he delivered the Phi Beta Kappa poem at H.U., " Nature and Art." He pub. a volume of poems in 1847 and in 1856, and "Life and Letters of Joseph Story," 1851. He has resided since 1848 in Italy, and is disting. as a sculptor. Among his admired works are " Cleopatra," " The Sibyl," " Deli lah/ " Shepherd Boy," " Little Red Riding- Hood," "Medea," "Saul," "Sappho," stat ues of his father, of Josiah Quincy and George Peabody, and a bust of James Rus sell Lowell. He is also an accomplished musi- cjan. StOUghton, COL. ISRAEL, an early settler of Dorchester ; d. Lincoln, Eng., 1645. Adm. freeman, Nov. 1633 ; member of the first Gen. Court, convened May, 1634, and again in 1635, 36, and 37 ; disabled from holding office for 3 years for publishing a pamphlet denying to the gov. and assistants some of the powers they claimed, but restored in 1636. In May, 1637, he had com. of the Ms. troops sent against the Pequots; capt. of the Art. Co. 1642; a com- miss, to administer the govt. of N.H. in 1641 ; assist, in 1637-42, and again in 1644. He was in Eng. in 1642, and, returning in 1644, served as lieut.-col. of Rainsborough s regt. until his d. He was a large land-owner of Dorchester, and gave 300 acres of land to Harv. College. StOUghton, WILLIAM, statesman, b. 30 Sept. 1631 ; d. Dorchester, July 7, 1701. H.U. 1650. Son of the preceding. He stud ied theology, went to Eng., and was a fellow of New Coll., Oxford, but was ejected at the Restoration. Returning to N.E. in 1662, he acquired a high reputation as a preacher, his sermon at the annual election in 1668 be ing pronounced one of the best ever heard on the occasion. Declining all invitations to a settlement as pastor, he was an assist, from 1671 until the dissolution of the govt. in 1686 ; from 1676 to 1679 he was in Eng. as agent for the Colony. Elected assist, and gov. May 12, 1686, he refused to serve, inasmuch as Dudley was left out in complaisance to him. He was chief justice from July 26 to Dec. 20, 1686, and a justice, and a member of Andros s council until Apr. 1689, when he was one of the " Council of Safety " which wrested the govt. from that officer; from May, 1692, until his death, he was lieut.-gov. of Ms., and chief jus tice of the Superior Court from Dec. 22, 1692, until just before his death. His name is un fortunately connected with the witchcraft per secution, he being the chief justice of the special tribunal on that occasion. He was a generous and liberal benefactor of H. Coll., and left a tract of land for the support there of students, natives of Dorchester, and another tract for the benefit of schools. StOUghton, GEN. WILLIAM L., lawyer, and M.C. 1869-71, b. N.Y., 20 Mar. 1827. Settled in the practice of law in Stur^es, Mich., in 1851 ; prosec. atty. 1856-60 ; app. U.S. dist. atty. 1861. Col. llth Mich. Regt. 1862, and disting. at Stone River, Dec. 31-Jan. 2, 1863 ; afterwards com. a brigade at Chickamauga, Mission. Ridge, and at Atlanta, where he lost a leg; brev. maj.-gen. U.S. vols.; atty. -gen. of Mich. 1866-8. STO 877 StOW, BARON, D.D., Baptist clergyman, b. Crovdon, N.H., June 16, 1801; d. Boston, Dec. 27, 1869. Col. Coll., D.C., 1825. After editing the Columbian Star, a religious news paper, for 2 years, at Washington, he was ord., Oct. 24, 1827, over the church in Portsmouth, N.H. ; in 1832 became pastor of the Baldwin- place Church; and from 1848 to 1867 of the Rowe-street Church, Boston. He was many years prominent in the Baptist Missionary Union ; pres. of the trustees of the Newton Theol. Institution. Besides sernrons, he pub. " Daily Mauna for Christian Pilgrims," 1848; " Christian Brotherhood ; " " The Psalmist," 1849 ; " First Things," 1859 ; " History of the Danish Missions on the Coast of Coromandel ; " " Memoir of Harriet Dow; " " History of the English Baptist Mission to India ; " Discourse at the 100th Anniv. Baldw. PI. Ch., 27 July, 1843 ; also many articles in reviews and peri odicals. Stowe, CALVIN ELLIS, D.D., clergyman, b. Natick, Ms., April 26, 1802. Bowd. Coll. 1824. And. Theol. Sera. 1826. He was for two years an assist, to Prof. Stuart, and at the same time assist, editor of the Boston Recorder. In 1830 he became prof, of languages in Dartm. Coll. ; and was prof, of biblical lit. in Lane Sem., Cincinnati, 1833-50. He lectured and wrote effectively on the school system of Ohio. On his return from Europe in 1837 he pub. his report on " Elementary Education in Europe." He subsequently pub. reports on the " Educa tion of Immigrants," " The Course of In struction in the Primary Schools of Prussia," and on " Elementary Instruction in Prussia." In 1850 he became divinity prof, at Bowd. Coll., and in 1852-64 was prof, of sacred lit. in And. Theol. Sem. He pub. " History of the Hebrew Commonwealth, from the German of Jahn," 1828; "Criticism and Interpretation of the Bible," 1835 ; "Origin and History of the Books of the Bible," 1867. He m. Harriet, dau. of Lyman Beecher, in 1832. Stowe, HARRIET ELIZABETH BEECHER, author, dau. of Rev. Dr. Lyman Beecher, b. Litclmeld, Ct, June 15, 1812. One of a fami ly of 12, which, out of 10 survivors, has given to literature 8 authors of more or less repute. Mrs. Stowe had the advantage of intellectual companionship and strict moral training from infancy. From her 15th year she was associated with her elder sister Catharine at a successful female sem. she had estab lished at Hartford in 1822. In her 21st year she m. Rev. Calvin E. Stowe. During a long residence in Cincinnati, she became interested in the question of slavery. She pub. in 1849 a collection of moral tales, " The Mayflower, or Sketches of the Descendants of the Pilgrims." Her great work, " Uncle Tom s Cabin," origi nally appeared in the National Era, an antisla- very paper at Washington, and was pub. Bos ton, 1852. It has been translated into 9 differ ent languages, and has been dramatized in 20 different forms,. and acted in every capital in Europe, and in most of those of the U.S. She subsequently pub. "A Key to Uncle Tom s Cabin." She soon afterward, in company with her husband, and Rev. Charles Beecher her bro., visited Great Britain, where she was favor ably received. After her return she pnb. " Sun ny Memories of Foreign Lands ; " and in 1860 " The Minister s Wooing," originally pub. in the Atlantic Monthly. She lias also pub. " Dred, a Tale of the Dismal Swamp," 1 856 ; " Agnes of Sorrento," 1862; "The Pearl of Orr s Is land," " The May-Flower, and Miscellaneous Writings," 1855 ; "House and Home Papers," 1864; "The Chimney-Corner," a series of essays in the Atlantic Monthly, 1865-6 ; " Little Foxes," 1865 ; " Queer Little People," 1867 ; " Oldtown Folks," 1869; "Men of Our Times," 1868; "True Story of Lady Byron s Life," in Atlantic Monthly, Sept. 1869; ""Lady Byron Vindicated," 1870; "Pink and White Tyranny," 1871; "My Wife and I," 1872. In Dec. 1868 she became co-editor with D. G. Mitchell of " Hearth and Home," a magazine. Mr. and Mrs. Stowe now reside in Hartford. Strachan, JOHN, D.D., LL.D., bishop of Toronto, b. Aberdeen, Apr. 12, 1778; d. Toronto, Nov. 1 , 1 867. U. of Aberdeen, 1 796. He studied theology at St. Andrew s ; taught a village school in 1797; and in Aug. 1799 came to Canada, and taught school at Kings ton till ord. deacon, May 2, 1803 ; priest, June 3, 1804 ; and app. to the mission of Cornwall, where he taught a grammar-school. In 1812 he was app. rector of York; in 1818 exec, councillor; archdeacon of York in 1825; and in 1839 bishop of Toronto. From the year 1818, he took an active part in politics ; and a bitter strife arose between his party on the one side, and that of W. L. Mackenzie on the other, out of which the rebellion in Upper Can ada of 1837-8 arose. He pub. 70 essays in the Kingston Gazette in 1811 under the name of " Reckoner," also a number of letters and oth er pamphlets. He received the degree of LL.D. from the U. of St. Andrew s, and that of D.D. from the U. of Aberdeen, in 1807. Among the many benefits he conferred upon Toronto was the establishment of Trinity College. Strachey, WILLIAM, first sec. to the Colony of Va., where he resided 1610-12 ; was shipwrecked on the Bermudas 1609. He pub. for the Colony in Va. " Lawes, Divine, Morall, and Martiall," 4to, 1612; " History of Trav- aille into Va.," &c., pub. by the Hakluyt Soc., and the second book in Mass. Hist. Colls., 4th ser. i. Strader, CAPT. JACOB, a pioneer in the steamboats and railroads of the West, b. N. J. 1795; d. Cincinnati, Aug. 28, 1860. Strain, LIEUT. ISAAC G., U.S.N., explorer, b. Roxbury, Franklin Co., Pa., 1821; d. Aspinwall, May 15, 1857. In 1845, while a midshipman, he led a small party to explore the interior of Brazil ; in 1 848 he explored the peninsula of Cal. ; in 1 849 he crossed from Valparaiso to Buenos Ayres, and wrote a nar rative entitled " The Cordillera and Pampa ; " " Sketches of a Journey in Chili and the Ar gentine Provinces," in 1849. He was in 1850 attached to the Mexican Boundary Commiss., and later more known as the leader of the ex- ped. across the Isthmus of Darien. An inter esting account of this journey was prepared from his materials by J. T. Headley, and pub. in Harper s Mag. 1855. In 1856, in the steam er " Arctic," he ascertained by soundings the STR, 878 STK practicability of laying an ocean teleg. cable between America and England. Strange, ROBERT, LL.D. (Rutg. 1840), jurist and senator, b. Va. Sept. 20, 1796; d. Feb. 25, 1854. Hamp. Sid. Coll. He studied law ; was with some intermissions a member of the N.C. house of delegates from 1821 to 1826 ; judge of the Superior Court 1826-36; and U.S. senator in 1836-40. He resumed his profession, and subsequently became solicit or of the 5th jud. circuit of the State. Author of" Eoneguski, or the Cherokee Chief," a novel. Stratton, CHARLES C., b. N. J. 1796; d. Gloucester Co., N. J., March 30, 1859. Rutg. Coll. 1814. Many years in the State legisl. ; M.C. 1837-9 and 1841-3; member Const. Conv. 1844; and gov. of N. J. 1844-8. Stratton, CHARLES S. See TOM THUMB. Street, ALFRED BILLINGS, poet, b. Pough- keepsie, N. Y., Dec. 18, 1811. Descended from Rev. Nicholas, pastor of the first church in New Haven. His father Randall S., an emi nent lawyer, d. Monticello, N.Y., in 1841. Al fred was educated at the Duchess-Co. Acad. ; studied law in the office of his father; practised a few years in Monticello ; and since 1839 has resided in Albany, where he has been for some years State librarian. He commenced his lite rary career at an early age as a poetical writer for tbe magazines. His first vol., " The Burn ing of Schenectady, and Other Poems," was pub. 1842; a 2d coll., "Drawings and Tintings," 1 844. His longest publication is " Frontenac, a Tale of the Iroquois in 1696," Lond. 1849. Besides his numerous pieces in periodicals, he has delivered three very able poems before the students of Geneva and Union Colleges, from the latter of which he received in 1841 the hon. degree of A.M. An edition of his poems was pnb. in N.Y. in 1847, and another in 2 vols. 1866. In 1859 he pub. two prose vols., " The Council of Revision," a history of the courts of N.Y., with biog. sketches of its governors and judges, from 1777 to 1821 ; "Woods and Waters, or the Saranacs and Racket," a tour in the great wilderness of Northern N. York ; in 1864 " Forest-Pictures in the Adirondacks; " " The Indian Pass," 1869. Some of his poems have been translated into German. Street, AUGUSTUS RUSSELL, philanthro- fist, b. N. Haven, Nov. 5, 1791 ; d. there June 2, 1866. Y.C. 1812. He studied law, but ill-health prevented his pursuing the profes sion. Inheriting a large fortune, he gave free ly to benevolent objects. His Alma Mater received nearly $300,000: he founded the Street professorship of modern languages ; erected the building for the Yale School of Fine Arts, providing for its partial endow ment ; and also left a handsome legacy for ulti mately founding the Titus Street professorship in the Yale Theol. Sem. He was an invalid the greater part of his life. In 1843-8 he trav elled abroad. A dau. m. Admiral Foote, and d. 1863. Y.C. Obit. Record. Stribling, CORNELIUS K., rear-admiral U.S.N., b. S.C. Midshipra. June 18, 1812; lieut. Apr. 1, 1818 ; com. Jan. 24, 1840 ; capt. Aug. 1,1853; commo. July 16, 1862; rear- adm. (ret. list.) July 25, 1*866. He was in " The Macedonian " when the Algerine vessels were captured in 1815; com. in April, 1823 two barges on the coast of Cuba, and captured the pirate schooner "Pilot;" commanded ship " Ohio," Pacific squadron, 1848-50; supt. Naval Acad. 1850-3; commanded E.I. squad. 1859-61; com. Phila. navy-yard 1863-4; com. Eastern Gulf block, squadron 1864-5; mem ber light-house board 1867-71. Hamersly. Strieker, GEN. JOHN, b. Md. ; d. Balti more, June 23, 1825. A patriot of the Revol. ; he was also brig.-gen. commanding 3d brigade Md. militia in defence of Bait, in 181 1, and disting. in battle of North Point. Pres. of rhe Bank of Baltimore at his death. Strickland, LIEUT.-COL. SAMUEL, C.M., bro. of Agnes Strickland, b. Eng. 1809; emig to Canada 1825 ; d. Lakefield, U.C., 1867. Au thor of "27 Years in Canada West," London, 2 vols. 1853. Strickland, WILLIAM, architect, b. Phila. 1787; d. Nashville, Tenn., 7 Apr. 1854. He studied under Latrobe ; established his reputa tion by planning the Chestnut-street Masonic Hall ; and for many years was employed on the public buildings of Phila., among them the U.S. Bank, the Merchants Exchange, the U.S. Mint., and the U. S. Naval Asylum. His last great work was the capitol, Nashville, Tenn., begun in 1845, completed in 1857. In 1825 he examined the canal and railway systems of England, and on his return superintended the building of the railroad between Newcastle and Frenchtown, Md. Member Roy. Soc. of Civil Engrs. and of Amer. Philos. Soc. Thomas. Strickland, WILLIAM P., D.D., clergy man and author, b. Pittsburg, Pa., Aug. 17, 1809. Educated at the Ohio U. Entered the itinerant ministry of the M.E. Church, O., in 1832 ; was for some years agent and sec. of the Amer. Bible Society. Removing to N. York in 1856, he has since been connected with the Meth. Book Concern, and assoc. ed. Christ. Ad vocate and Jour. In 1862 he was chaplain of the 48th N.Y. Regt. at Port Royal, S.C. He has pub. " History of the American Bible So ciety," 1849; "History of Methodist Mis sions." 1850; " Genius and Mission of Meth odism," 1851 ; " Christianity Demonstrated," 1852; "Memoir of Rev. James B. Finley," 1853; "A Treatise on Biblical Literature," 1853; "The Light of the Temple," a Masonic work, 1854; "The Astrologer of Chaldaea," 1856; "Pioneers of the West," 1856; "Life and Times of Francis Asbury," 1858; "Life of Jacob Gruber," 1859; and "Old Macki naw," 1860. He has edited the Literary Casket, the Western Amer. Review, and has contributed to several magazines, and to Appleton s "New Cyclopaedia." Stringer, SAMUEL, physician, b. Md. 1734; d. Albany, July 11, 1817. He studied medi cine in Phila. under Dr. Bond; was in 1755 app. by Gov. Shirley to the med. dept. of the army; and was in the campaign of 1758 at Ti- conderoga. After the war he settled and m. in Albany. In 1775-7 he was director-gen, of hospitals in the northern dept., and accomp. the troops in the invasion of Canada. Resum ing practice at Albany, he was until his death one of the first physicians and surgeons in that vicinity. Thacher. STR 879 STR, Stringham, JAMES S., M. D. (Edinb. 1799), physician, b. New York 1775; d. St. Croix, 28 June, 1817. Col. Coll. 1793. He abandoned the study of theology for that of medicine, which he first pursued under Drs. Bard and Hosack of New York. He was prof, of chemistry in Col. Coll. in 1802-13; in 181,3-17 he was prof, of mod. jurisp. in the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, and may be regarded as the founder of that science (upon which he was the first to lecture) in this country. Bes .ie his inaugural, " De Absorbentium Sys- tetnate," he contrib. essays and papers to the medical journals. Dr. S. was one of the most efficient of the early promoters of science in this country. He was a physician of the N.Y. Hospital, and was a member of the Roy. Med. Soc. of Edinburgh, and fellow of the N.Y. Literary, Philos., and Historical Societies. Tkacher. Stringham, SILAS HORTOX, rcar-adm. U.S.N., b. Middletown, N.Y., Nov. 7, 1798. Midshipman, Nov. 15, 1809; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; he _ sorted in / The President," Com. Rodgcrs, till 1815, witnessing the affairs with "The Little Belt" and "The Bclvidere." Transferred in 1815 to the brig " Spark," one of Decatur s squadron, he took part in the Al- gerinc war. In 1819 he was lieut. in "The Cyanc," which conveyed the first settlers to Li beria ; placed in com. of a boat to search for slavers, he captured 4, and was sent home with his prizes. Made 1st lieut. in 1821, he was ordered to^The Hornet," on the W.I. station, and aided in the capture of a notorious pirate- ship and slaver. Master com. March 3, 1831 ; capt. Sept. 8, 1841; in 1842 ordered to the razee "Independence; " and in 1846 took com. of " The Ohio," and took part in the bom bardment of Vera Cruz ; he then com. the Brazil squadron; in 1851 the Gosport navy- yard; in 1852-5 the Mediterranean squadron, his flagship being " The Cumberland ; " in March, 1861, he was app. flag-officer of the At lantic block, squad., and ordered to " The Minnesota " as his flagship. With Gen. B. F. Butler, he com. the joint naval and military exped. which captured Forts Hatteras and Clark, Aug. 27 and 28. Sept. 28 he was re lieved from com. at his own request; July 16, 1862, rear-adm. on the retired list; 1871, port- adm. N. York ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y. Feb. 7, 1876. Strong, CALEB, LL.D. (H.U. 1801), gov. of Ms., b. Northampton, Ms., Jan. 9, 1745 ; d. there Nov. 7, 1819. H.U. 1764. He studied law, but did not establish himself in practice till 1772. He took a decided part in the cause of liberty; was in 1775 app. one of the com. of safety ; in 1776-80 was an active member of the legisl. ; councillor 1780; in 1779 assisted in forming the State const.; in 1787 that of the U.S., and exerted himself in the State Con vention to procure its ratification. App. in 1781 to a seat on the supreme bench, he de clined the office; in 1789-97 he was a U.S. senator ; and gov. of Ms. in 1800-7 and 1812- 16, the difficult period of the last war with England. As a Federalist, he opposed the war ; and his comhict was severely censured by his political opponents. When requisition was made upon him for troops, he, in common with the whole Federal party of N. Eng., denied the right of the Pres. upon constitutional grounds. Though Gov. Strong so positively declined answering calls which he considered unconstitu tional, he was ready to adopt every measure which the safety of state demanded ; and, as it was amply defended, no evil resulted from the difference between the State and National au thorities. See his Lifv by Alden Bradford, 8vo, 1820; Strong Family by B. W. Dwight, 2 vols. 8vo, 1871. Strong, GEN. GEORGE C., b. Stockbridge, Vt., 1832; d. July 30, 1863, from wounds re ceived in the assault on Fort Wagner, Charles ton harbor. West Point, 1857. Losing his father, he was adopted in the family of his uncle, A. L. Strong of Easthampton, Ms. At West Point he held the post of 1st capt, of cadets 3 years. Placed on the staff of Mc Dowell at Bull Run, he was highly compli mented for efficiency at that battle ; he next served on McClellan s staff, but was detailed as ordnance-officer by Gen. Butler to the dept. of the Gulf. He disting. himself at Biloxi, and in the hazardous adventure up the Tangipahoa River. Brig.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; capt. ordnance 3 Mar. 1863. He was a brave and skilful officer, and led the assaulting column at Fort Wagner 18 July, 1863, with veteran courage and judgment. Author of " Cadet Life at West Point," 1862. Cullum. Strong, JAMES, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1856), theol. writer, b. N.Y. City, Aug. 14, 1822. Wesl. U. 1844. From 1858 to Dec. 1861 he was prof, of biblical lit., and acting pres. of Troy U., N.Y. ; prof, of exeg. theol. in Drew Theol. Sem., Madison, N. J., since 1868. He pub. a " Harmony and Exposition of the Gos pels," 1854 ; and, on a similar plan, a " Greek Harmony of the Gospels," 1 854 ; " Manuals of Greek and Hebrew Grammar ;" "Outlines of Theology ; " " Appeal to Sunday-school Ef forts ; " articles in the Meth. Quarterly Review and Christian Advocate and Journal. With Rev. Dr. McClintock, he prepared the " Cyclopae dia of Biblical, Theol., and Eccles. Literature." Strong, JAMES H., commo. U.S.N., b. Canandaigua, N.Y., Apr. 26, 1814. Son of Judge Elisha B. Midshipm. Feb. 2, 1829; lieut. Sept. 1841; com. Apr. 24, 1861; capt. Aug. 5, 1865; commo. Mar. 1870; com. steamer "Mohawk," 1861; steamer "Flag," 1862; and steam-sloop "Monongalida," 1863-5. In Nov. 1863 he conveyed a division of Gen. Banks s army to Brazos, and aided in capture of battery at Arkansas Pass. At the battle of Mobile Bay, " The Monongahela " attacked the rebel ram " Tennessee," and forced her to sur render. Strong, NATHAN, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1801), scholar and theologian, b. Coventry, Ct., 5 Oct. 1748; d. Hartford, Dec. 25, 1816. Y.C. 1769; tutor 1772-3. Son of Rev. Nathan. Ord. pastor of the First Church in Hartford, Jan. 5, 1774. In the Revol. war he was a patriot, and a chaplain in the army ; in talents, learning, and usefulness he held the first rank among his associates in the ministry. He pub. 2 vols. of sermons, 1798-1800; "and "The Doctrine of Eternal Misery Consistent with the Inf. Benev. of God," a vol. in vindication 880 STU of the doctrine of future punishment, 1796. He was also editor of the Evang. Mag. ; prin cipal founder of the missionary soc. of Ct. in 1798. He possessed great shrewdness and wit as well as strong common sense, Strong, NEHEMIAH, prof, of mathematics at Y.C. 1770-81; b. Northampton, 24 Feb. 1730; d. Bridgeport, Ct., 12 Aug. 1807. Y.C. 1755; tutor there 1757-60. Minister of Sims- bury, now Granby, 21 Jan. 1761-8. He pub. "Astronomy Improved," 1784. Strong, SIMEON, LL.D. (H.U. 1805), jur ist, b. Northampton, 6 Mar. 1736 ; d. Amherst, Dec. 14, 1805. Y.C. 1756. He was several years a preacher; but, his health not permitting his continuance in that employment, he studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1761, and became eminent in the profession. Representative 1767- 9 ; senator 1793 ; and in 1801-5 was a judge of the Ms. Sup. Court. See Panoplist for 1812, 433-6. Strong, THEODORE, LL.D. (Rutg. Coll. 1835), mathematician, b. S. Hartley, Ms., 26 July, 1790; d. N. Brunswick, N. J., Feb. 1, 1869. Y.C. 1812. Son of Rev. Joseph (Y.C. 1784). On quitting Yale, he was tutor in Ham. Coll., N.Y., 1812-16, and in 1816-27 prof, of mathematics and nat. philos., changing in 1827 the scene of his labors to Rutg. Coll., New Brunswick, where he continued until 1862. In 1859 he^pub. his << Treatise on Alge bra," a work original in its method and in many of its conclusions. He succeeded in solving by a direct method the Irreducible Case of Cubic Equations left by Cardan, which had baffled the best mathematicians of Europe; and he al?o discovered a method of extracting by a direct process, for the first time, any root of any integral number. At the time of his death he had prepared for the press a vol. on the Differential and Integral Calculus. He pub. many mathematical papers in Sllliman s Journal. An orig. member of the Nat. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. . Strong, TITUS, D.D., Pr.-Epis. clergyman, b. Brighton, Ms., Jan. 26, 1787 ; d. June 11, 1855. Leaving the trade of a printer, he en gaged early in politics. Becoming a decided churchman, he was ord. deacon in 1814, priest in 1826, and labored in Greenfield, Ms., to the close of his life. His " Candid Examination of the Pr.-Epis. Church " is one of the most effi cient productions of its class. He also pub. the " Scholar s Guide," besides preparing several elementary books for common schools, and frequently contributing to the periodical press. Stroud, GEORGE MCDOWELL, b. Strouds- burg, Pa., Oct. 12, 1795. N. J. Coll. 1817. Many years an eminent judge of the District Court* of Phila. Has pub.^ " Sketch of the Laws relative to Slavery in Several of the States," 1827 and 1856; some pamphlets and articles in the Law Reg., &c. Allibone. Stryker, JAMES, b. Richmond Co., N.Y., 1792; d. Sharon, Ct., 3 June, 1864. Col. Coll. 1809. Licensed to practise law 1813 ; capt. in the war of 1812-15; judge in the courts in Buffalo, N.Y., 1830-40; originator and editor of Stn/ker s Amer. Register and Magazine, 6 vols. 8vo, 1849-55. He was at one time editor of the Buffak Republican, and contrib. to periodicals. A commiss. to nrgo- tiate with the Six Nations for their removal to the West. Stuart, ALEXANDER, H. H., politician, b. Staunton, Va., Apr. 2, 1807. Wm. and M, Coll. 1825. U. of Va. 1828. Adm. to the bar at Staunton in 1828 ; member of the young men s convention in Washington in 1832; of the Va, house of delegates in 1836-9 ; M.C. 1841-3 ; sec. of the interior 1850-3; State sen ator 1857-61. He was active in the canvasses preceding the election of Harrison and Fill- more, and advocated the election of Henry Clay, his personal friend, in 1844. In 1844 he delivered the annual address before the Amcr. Institute in New York. Stuart, CHARLES B., eng. in chief U.S.N., b. 1 814. Author of "Naval Dry Docks of the U.S.," 1851 ; "Naval and Mail Steamers of the U.S.," 1853; "Railroads of the U.S. and Canada," 1855; "Water-Works of the U.S.," 1855. Stuart, GILBERT CHARLES, portrait-paint er, b. Narraganset, R.I., 1754; d. Boston, July 9, 1828. He was first taught by a Scottish painter named Alexander, by whom, at about 18 years of age, he was taken to Edinburgh. He soon returned, and painted at Newport, Boston, and New York ; but, the war making his prospects hopeless, he went to London, where he was aided by Benjamin West with money and instruction. Stuart painted a full- length portrait of his benefactor, now in the British National Gallery. Ab. 1781 he began practice in Lond., and soon rose to great emi nence. Subsequently he resided successively in Dublin and Paris, and painted a portrait of Louis XVI. Returning to Amor, in 1793, he painted at Phila, the well-known head of Wash ington, the original of which is now in posses sion of the Boston Athenasum. After residing in Washington, he took up his permanent abode in 1806 in Boston. His last work was a por trait of John Quincy Adams. He painted many of the disting. men of the Revol. and of the early period of the Union. He ranks among the first Amer. portrait-painters, and was a man of fine social qualities. His daughters, Mrs. Stebbins and Miss Jane Stuart, long pur sued their father s profession in Boston. Stuart, ISAAC WILLIAM, scholar, b. New Haven, June 13, 1809 ; d. Hartford, Ct., Oct. 2, 1861. Y.C. 1828. SonofRev.Moses. He taught a while in the Hopkins grammar-school, Hart ford. A taste for the study of hieroglyphics and Oriental lit. led to his pub. in 1830 a trans lation, with notes, of Greppo s " Essay on the Hieroglyphic System of Champollion." Prof, of Greek and Latin in S.C. Coll. from 1835 to 1839, residing in Columbia. Returning to Hartford, he was for many years proprietor of the Wyllis Estate, on which stood the Char ter Oak. He wrote a " Life of Nathan Hale," 1856; "Hartford in the Olden Time," 1853; and an elaborate Life of Jonathan Trumbull, 1857; and edited, with Notes, the "CEdipus Tyrannus" of Sophocles, pub. 1837. He was three times a member of the Ct. senate, and was an orator of unusual excellence. Obit. Record Yale, 1862. Stuart, GEN. JAMES E. B., b. Patrick Co STU 831 STU Va., 1832 ; killed near Richmond, Va., June 1 1, 1S64. West Point, 1854. 1st lieut. 1st Cav. Dec. 20, 1855 ; disting. himself in a fight with the Cheycnnes, June 29, 1857, when he was se verely wounded; became capt. 22 Apr. 1861 ; and resigned May 14, 1861. App. col. of a regt. of Va. cav. ; com. all the Confed. cav. at Bull Run ; dieting, himself at Lewinsville, Va., Sept. 13, 1861 ; made brig.-gen. Sept. 1861 ; maj.-gen. in 1862 ; conducted a brilliant incur sion wiihin Gen. McClellan s lines on the Pa- munkey, June 13, 1862, destroying much prop erty, and causing very great alarm ; surprised Gen. Pope s headquarters at Catlett s Station, near the Rappahannock, Aug. 22 ; and, with 1,800 cavalry and 4 guns, passed from south of the Potomac, Oct. 9, crossing between Wil- liamsport and Hancock on the right wing of Gen. McClellan s army, traversed Md., and, Oct. 10, entered Chambcrsburg, which was surren dered without resistance, took a great quantity of spoil, and destroyed a vast amount of valua ble property, and, retreating, crossed the Poto mac on McClellan s left; thus making a circuit of his army without loss. He was justly re garded as a cavalry-officer of great merit. He m. a dau. of Gen. Philip St. George Cooke. At Beverly Ford, Va., and in Md. and Pa. dur ing the Gettysburg campaign, he was invaria bly worsted "by the Federal cavalry. He did good service in protecting Lee s army on its retreat from Gettysburg. He was mortally wounded in an encounter with Sheridan s cav alry at Yellow Tavern, and died a day or two afterwards. Stuart, JOHN, D.D., founder of the Eng lish Church in Upper Canada, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Feb. 24, 1740; d. Kingston, U.C., Aug. 15, 1811. His father Andrew was a rigid Pres byterian. Young Stuart having made a voyage to Eng., where he was ord. priest, returned to Phila. ab. 1770, and for 7 years officiated as a missionary among the Indians of the Mohawk Valley. For them he made a translation of the New Testament into the Mohawk language. Refusing allegiance to the revolted Colonies, he flcd to Canada in 1781; was soon after chaplain in a prov. regt. ; and as a missionary travelled through the upper province, where he labored with energy and success; in 1786 he settled at Kingston, and for some time previ ous to his death was chaplain to the legislative council. His son Sir JAMES, LL.D., an emi nent Canadian jurist, chief justice of Lower Canada, b. Fort Hunter, N.Y., Mar. 2, 1780, d. Quebec, July 14, 1853. Created a baronet in 1 840, called to the bar in 1801, solicitor-gen. 1805-9, atty.-gen. 1822-32, chief justice of L.C. 1838-53. ANDREW, his second son, also a disting. jurist, and solici tor-gen, of L. Cana da, b. Kingston, 1786, d. Quebec, Feb. 21, 1840. Un. Coll. To the Quebec Historical Society s " Trans." he contrib. "Notes on the Saguenay Country," a paper on the "Ancient Etrus cans," and "Detached Thoughts upon the History of Civilization." Morgan. Stuart, SIR JOHN, a British gen., b. Ga. 1761 ; d. Clifton, Eng., 1 April, 1815. John his father came to Ga. with Oglethorpe, became In dian agent and one of the council, m. Miss Fen- wick, dau. of a wealthy citizen of Charleston, 56 S.C., was a loyalist, and d. in Eng. His son was educated at Westminster School ; entered the 3d Foot Guards in Jan. 1779 ; served under Cornwallis; and was dangerously wounded at. the battle of Guiltord. He attained distinc tion in the wars growing out of the French revol., and, while com. the British troops in Sicily, gained 4 July, 1806, the splendid victo ry of Maida over the French Gen. Regnier. For this service he received the Order of the Bath, a gold medal, the thanks of parliament, and the freedom of the city of London. He was subscqiiently lieut.-gov. of Grenada, and d. a lieut.-gen. and com.-in-chief of the West ern District. Stuart, REV. MOSES, D.D., theologian and philologist, b. Wilton, Ct., 26 March, 1780; d. Andover, Ms., 4 Jan. 1852. Y.C. 1799 ; tutor 1 802-4. Adm. to the bar in Danbury, Ct., Nov. 1802; studied theology ; ord. pastor of the 1st Church, N. Haven, 5 Mar. 1806 ; and was prof, of sacred lit. in And. Theol. Sem. 28 March, 1810-48. He was an excellent pu] pit-orator, possessing a sonorous voice and a commanding and impassioned manner, and a teacher of dis ting. usefulness and success. He pub. a " He brew Grammar" in 1813, and another in 1831 ; commentaries on the Hebrews, Romans, Reve lation, and the books of Daniel, of Ecclesias- tes, and of Proverbs ; a vol. of "Miscellanies," 1846; "Conscience and the Constitution," a defence of the policy of Daniel Webster, 1850; "Hebrew Crestomathy," 1829; "Letters to Dr. Channing on Religious Liberty," 1830; "The Mode of Christian Baptism," 1833; " Grammar of the New-Testament Dialect," 1834; "Hints on the Prophecies," 1842; "Scriptural View of the Wine Question," 1848; and a large number of contribs. to the periodical press. Stuber, DR. HENRY, b. Phila. ab. 1770; d. there ab. 1792. Of German origin. He was a pupil of Dr. Kunze in Greek," Latin, and German, when that divine was connected with the U. of Pa. He studied medicine, obtained a situation in one of the public offices of the U.S. govt., and was engaged in the study of law when he died, still very young. He wrote for the journals of the day ; and to the early editions of Franklin s Autobiography added a continuation, giving an historical account of his discoveries in electricity. J. W. Francis, in Sparks s Franklin. Sturges, JONATHAN, LL.D. (Y.C. 1806), jurist, b. Fairfield, Aug. 23, 1740; d. there Oct. 4, 1819. Y.C. 1759. He became a law- yer. In 1774 was a delegate to Congress; M.C. in 1789-92; judge of the Supreme Court of Ct. in 1792-1805. Sturgis, SAMUEL DAVIS, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Shippensburg, Pa., 1822. West Point, 1846. Entering the 2d Dragoons, he served in the Mexican war, and was made prisoner while on a reconnoissance before the battle of Buena Vista, but was soon exchanged. He subsequently served in Cal., New Mexico, and the Territories, and for his energy and skill against the Indians was made capt. 3 Mar. 1855. He com. at Fort Smith, Ark., until 1861. All his officers resigned, and joined the Southern Confederacy; and he evacuated STTJ 882 the fort on his own responsibility, thus saving his com. and the govt. property. May 3 he was app. major 4th Cav., and served in Mo. under Gen. Lyon, whom he succeeded in com. after his death, at the battle of Wilson s Creek; Aug. 10, 1861, he was made brig.-gen. vols., assigned to the army in Tenn., and afterward com. the dept. of Kansas ; in 1862 he was called to Washington, and assigned to the coin, of the fortifications around the city. At the bat tles of South Mountain, Antietam, and Fred- ericksburg, he com. the 2d division 9th army- corps. Engaged at the battle of Fredericks- burg 13 Dec. 1862 ; in operations in Ky. Apr.- July, 1863 ; chief of cavalry, dept. of the Ohio, July, 1863, to Apr. 1864, capturing Gen. Vunce and his command 13 Jan. 1864; en gaged at Bolivar, Tenn., 10 May, 1864; and exped. against Gen. Forrest, and in the combat near Guntown, Mpi., 10 June, 1864 ; lieut.-coL 6th Cav. Oct. 27, 1863; col. 7th Cav. 6 May, 1869; hrev. col. for Frcdericksburg ; brig, and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. CuUum. Stuyvesant, PETER, the last Dutch gov. of N.Y., b. Holland, 1602 ; d. N.Y. City, Aug. 1682. He served in the war in the W. Indies; became director of the colony of Cui^oa ; and, having lost a leg in an unsuccessful attack on the Portuguese island of St. Martin, returned to Holland in 1644. Gov. of N.Y. 1647-64. He exerted himself vigorously to repress the en croachments of the Swedes and English, and in 1655 took the Swedish fort Casirnir, afterwards called New Castle, in Delaware Bay. An ex ped. under the Eng. colonel, Nichols, compelled him to capitulate 27 Aug. 1664; and the New Netherlands became an Eng. possession. He returned to Holland to report to his superior, and subsequently resided on his farm in N.Y. He had two sons by his wife Judith Bayard. He conciliated the Indians, and made honorable treaties respecting boundaries with the people of Ct., and was dignified, honest, and true, but aristocratic and arbitrary. Irving has immortalized him in the humorous pages of " Knickerbocker." Sucr6 (soo -kra), GEN. ANTONIO JOSE DE, next to Bolivar, the greatest benefactor of S. America, b. Cumana, Venezuela, 1793; as sassinated while on his way to Pasto, New Granada, in 1830, by order of the traitor Gen. Obando. Was educated at Caraccas. Entered the army in 1811, and com. the patriots at the battle of Pichincha (May 24, 1822), by which was secured the indep. of Colombia ; in June, 1823, he was elected com. in chief of the patriot forces in Peru; Dec. 9, 1824, gained the battle of Ayacucho, the most brilliant ever fought in S. America, and which secured the independ ence of Peru. He afterwards liberated Bo livia, and was in 1 826 app. by the Congress of pres. for life. in 1827, which overthrew the govt. of Bolivar, , that republic pres. for life. The revol. in Peru exerted an unfavorable influence in Bolivia; and an insurrection took place, in which Sucre was attacked and dangerously wounded. On his recovery in Aug. 1828 he resigned, and re turned "to Colombia, and was at once made com. of the Colombian Army of the. South, and political chief of the southern dept. of the Colombian republic ; in this capacity he led his troops in a series of military operations which terminated in the defeat and capitulation of the Peruvians, under Gen. Lamar, at Tar- qui, Feb. 26, 1829. He was the first pres. of the Cont. Congress of Bogota in 1830, and was delegated by that body as one of the commiss. to propose friendly terms with Venezuela. When this mission had proved unsuccessful, and the Congress had closed its labors, he was proceeding to the southern departments to appease certain disturbances which had arisen under Gen. Flores, when he met his untimely fate. Sullivan, JAMES, LL. D. (H. U. 1780), statesman and jurist, b. Berwick, Me., Apr. 22, 1744; d. Boston, Dec. 10, 1808. Bro. of Gen. John. John l:is father, a man of liberal educa tion, came from Ireland in 1723, and d. July, 1795, a. 104. James was intended for a mili tary life ; but the fracture of a limb caused him to study law under his bro., and he practised some years at Biddeford, receiving in 1770 the app. of king s atty. for York Co. He took an early and active part in the Revol. move ment ; was a member of the Prov. Congress of Ms. (of which Maine then formed a part} in 1775, and with two others executed ably a difficult mission to Ticonderoga. Early in 1776 he was app. a judge of the Superior Court, which post he resigned in Feb. 1782 ; in 1779- 80 he was a member of the State Const. Conv. ; in 1784-5 he was a delegate to Congress, and he was repeatedly chosen a representative of Boston (whither he had removed) in the legisl. ; in 1784 he was a commiss. to settle the con troversy between Ms. and N. Y. respecting their claims to Western lands ; in 1787 he was of the exec, council, and judge of pro bate for Suffolk Co.; atty .-gen. 1790-June, 1807, when he was elected gov. by the Repub lican party, and re-elected in 1808. He was one of the commiss. app. by Washington for settling the boundaries between the U.S. and the British Provinces; he was the projector of the Middlesex Canal, constructed under the superintendence of his son John L. ; a member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences from its institution ; a principal founder and many years pres. of the Ms. Hist. Society. He pub. "Observations on the Govt. of the U. S.," 1791 ; "A Dissertation on the Stability of the States ; " " The Path to Riches, or Disserta tion on Banks ; " " History of Maine," 1795 ; " Impartial Review of the Causes, c., of the French Revol., "8vo, 1798; "Corresp. with Col. Pickering," 1808; " History of Land-Titles in Ms.," 1801; " Dissertation on the Const. Lib erty of the Press," 1801 ; " A History of the Penobscot Indians," in the Ms. Hist. " Colls. : " and "The Altar of Baal Torn Down," 8vo 1795. His Life, with selections from his writ ings, by his grandson Thos. C. Amorv, was pub. 2 vols. 8vo, 1859. Sullivan, JOHN, LL.D. (H.U. 1780), maj.- gen. Revol. army, b. Berwick, Me., Feb. 17, 1740; d. Durham, N.H., Jan. 23, 1795. He practised law with success in Durham, and from 1772 held the commission of major. In 1774 he was a member of the first Gen. Con gress, and in Dec. led, with John Langdon, a force against Fort William and Mary, near sun, 883 STJL Portsmouth, and took 100 barrels of gunpowder (afterward used at Bunker s Hill), 15 cannon, small-arras, and stores; June 22, 1775, he was app. by Congress a brig.-gen., and com. on Winter Hill at the siege of Boston ; after the evacuation he was sent with re-enforcements to the northern army in Canada, of which he took com. June 2, 1776; planned the unsuc cessful attack upon the British at Trois Rivieres, and, in effecting his retreat from the Province, displayed skill and resolution. Con gress having app. Gates to that dept., Sullivan joined the army under Washington. Made a maj.-gen. Aug. 10, 1776, he acted under Put nam on Long Island, and on the disastrous day of Aug. 27, 1776, was taken prisoner, but was soon exchanged for Gen. Prescott, and was with Washington in the autumn at West- chester. After Lee s capture, Sullivan took com. of his division, led the right at Trenton, did good service at Princeton, and during the rest of the season protected the lines at Morris- town ; Aug. 22, 1777, he made a descent on Staten Island, which came near being success ful. He com. the right wing at Brandywine, and was fully exonerated by Washington and Lafayette from the charge of being responsible for that defeat. He defeated and drove the British left at Germantown; but mistakes on the Amer. left, occasioned by the fog, changed a victory into a repulse. In Aug. 1778 he com. in Rhode Island ; but deprived of the expected co-operation of D Estaing s fleet, upon which success depended, Sullivan was obliged to raise the siege. At Butt s Hill, on the 29th, he repulsed the enemy, and withdrew from the island with slight loss. In 1779 he com. an exped. against the Indians of the Six Nations, laid waste their settlements, and, Aug. 29, in flicted a severe defeat on the Indians under Brant, and Tories under Sir John Johnson, at Newtown, in Western N. Y. Owing to his shattered health, he then resigned, and received a vote of thanks from Congress. In the au tumn of 1780 he again took his seat in Con gress, and was chairman of the com. which aided in suppressing the mutiny of the Pa. troops in 1781. Resuming practice in N.H., he was atty.-gen. in 1782-6, and was in 1786- 9 president of the State ; member of the State Const. Conv. of 1784; State councillor 1785 ; a commissioner to settle the " New-Hampshire grant " trouble with Vt. In 1786 he saved the State from anarchy by his intrepidity and good management, and in 1788 secured the adoption of the Federal Constitution. From 1789 till his death he was U.S. judge of N.H. His Life, by O. W. B. Peabody, is in Sparks s " Amer. Biog. ; " and another, by Thomas C. Amory, was pub. 18G8. His youngest son, GEORGE (b. 29 Aug. 1771, d. 14 June, 1838, H.U. 1790), was an eminent lawyer. M. C. 1811-13 ; atty.-gen. of N.H. 1806-7 and 1816- 36. He published orations, addresses, and pamphlets. Sullivan, JOHN LANGDON, M.D. (Y.C. 1837), engineer and inventor, son of Gov. James, b. Saco, Me., Apr. 9, 1777 ; d. Boston, Feb. 9, 1865. H.U. 1807. After engaging in mercantile business, he travelled in Europe, studying the construction of canals in France and Eng. ; and in 1 804 was app. agen and engr of the Middlesex Canal, between B)ston anc Concord, N.H., and for the improvement of the Merrimack. He invented a steam tow-boat, for which he received a patent in 1814 in prefer ence to Fulton, his priority of discovery being fully shown. In 1824 he was app. by Pres. Monroe associate civil engr. of the board of int. improvements ; which post he resigned in 1825, after reporting the practicability of a canal across the Alleghanies. In 1837 he en gaged in the practice of medicine at New Haven; afterward adopted the homoeopathic system, and made some important inventions and discoveries both in medicine and surgery. In 1847 he removed to New York. Sullivan, WILLIAM, LL.D. (H.U. 1826), lawyer and scholar, b. Saco, Me., 30 Nov. 1774; d. Boston 3 Sept. 1839. H.U. 1792. Son of Gen. James. He acquired a lucrative practice at the Suffolk bar ; was frequently a member of the legisl. and council of Ms. be tween 1804 and 1830 ; a delegate to the State Const. Conv. of 1820; brig.-gen. of militia ; and was a member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, of the Ms. Hist. Soc., and of the Amer. Philos. Soc. He was an elegant belles-lettres scholar, and a persuasive orator. He pub., be sides addresses, " Familiar Letters on the Public Men of the Revol.," 1834, in vin dication of the Federal party ; " Sea-Life," 1837 ; " Political Class-Book/ 1830 ; " Moral Class-Book," 1833; "Hist. Class-Book;" " Historical Causes and Effects," 1837. To an enlarged edition of " The Public Men of the Revol.," Phila. 1847, his Life was prefixed by. his son, JOHN TURNER SARGEANT, b. Bos ton, 1813, d. there 30 Dec. 1848. He was educated in Germany ; practised law in Phila. and St. Louis ; and was the author of many well-known songs and translations from the German. His social and convivial qualities were extraordinary. Sully, ALFRED, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Phila. in 1821. West Point, 1841. Entering the 2d Inf., he served in Florida war 1841-2 ; at the siege of Vera Cruz, Mex., Mar. 1847 ; capt. 2d Inf. 23 Feb. 1852; col. 1st Minn. Vols. 22 Feb. 1862 ; maj. 8th Inf. 15 Mar. 1862 ; brig, gen. vols. 26 Sept. 1862 ; lieut.-col. 3d Inf. 28 July, 1866; assigned to 19th Inf. 15 Dec. 1870. He com. a brigade in the Peninsular campaign ; and was brev. lieut.-col. 1 June, 1862, for Fait Oaks; col. 1 July, 1862, for Malvern Hill; was engaged at South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville ; com. a brigade in Dakotah in 1863-6; and 13 Mar. 1865 was brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, services in campaign against the In dians in the North-west, and at the battle of White-stone Hill, Dak. Terr., 3 Sept. 1863. Son of Thomas Sully, artist. Sully, THOMAS, painter, b. Horncastle, Lincolnshire, Eng., June, 1782. He came to the U.S. with his parents, who were players, in 1792, and began to paint in 1798 at Charleston, S.C. He established himself as a port.-painter in Richmond, Va., in 1804, and a few years after in N. Y., where he had a lucrative practice. In 1809 he took up his residence in Philadel phia, specially excelling in delineating female 884 SUM: loveliness. Among bis large works are full- lengths of George Frederic Cooke as " Richard the Third," Dr. Renjamin Rush, Commodore Decatur, Jefferson, and Lafayette. His well- known picture of " Washington crossing the Delaware" is in possession of the Boston Mu seum. During a visit to Eng. in 1837-8, he painted a full-length of Queen Victoria, es teemed a very faithful likeness. His portraits of Cooke, Mrs. Wood the singer, and Fanny Kemble, are among the most successful of his efforts; d. Phila., Nov. 5, 1872. Summerfield, JOHN, an eloquent preach er, b. Preston, Eng., Jan. 31, 1798; d. N.Y. June 13, 1825. A.M. of N. J. Coll. 1822. He was educated at a Moravian school ; was des tined by his father for the Meth. ministry, and exhibited great precocity of intellect, but, fall ing into bad habits, was at one time in prison in Liverpool. His father removed to Dublin in 1813, where, at the age of 19, the son joined the Wesleyan society. Becoming a preacher in the Irish conf. in 1819, he in 1821 came with his father to Amer., and was received as a preacher in the N.Y. conf. In 1822 he visited Phila., Baltimore, and Washington : but his constitution, naturally feeble, gave way ; and, to restore his health, he sailed in December for France. After visiting Eng., he returned to N.Y. in April, 1824, with little improvement of health, but continued to travel, and to preach with great success, and aided in founding the Amer. Tract Society. His " Sermons, and Sketches of Sermons," were pub. in N. Y., one vol. 8vo, and a Biography, by John Holland, 8vo, N.Y. 1829. Summers, THOMAS OSMOND, D.D., clergyman, b. near Corfe Castle, Dorsetshire, Eng"., Oct. 11, 1812. He came to the U.S. in his 18th year. Became a Meth. in 1832; began to preach in 1834 ; adm. to the Baltimore conf. in 1835 ; and app. on the Augusta cir cuit, Va., where he had to travel 250 miles, and preach 30 sermons, a month. In Dec. 1840 he was one of the 9 preachers who con stituted the first Texas conf. ; in 1 844 he was a member of that of Ala. ; sec. of the conv. at Louisville, Ky., at which the M.E. Church south was organized ; and in 1846 was app. assist, editor of the Southern Christian Advocate, and chairman of the com. to compile the new hymn-book ; in 1 850 he was elected by the Gen. Conf. its editor of books and tracts, of the Sun day-school Visitor, and in 1858 also of its Quar terly Review. He has been sec. of every general conference. Beside numerous tracts and pamphlets, he has written "A Treatise on Baptism," "A Treatise on Holiness," "The Sunday-school Teacher," " Seasons, Months, and Days," " Talks Pleasant and Profitable," " The Golden Censer," " Scripture Catechism," 2 vols., and a " Refutation of Thomas Paine s Theological Writings." Sumner, CHARLES, LL.D. (H.U. 1859), orator and statesman, b. Boston, Jan. 6, 1811. H.U. 1830; Camb. Law School, 1834. Job, his grandfather, major Revol. army, d. 16 Sept. 1789. Charles Pinckney, his father (b. Milton, Ms., 20 Jan. 1776, d. Boston 24 Apr. 1839, H.U. 1796), high sheriff of Sirffolk Co. 1825-39, pub. " Eulogy on Washington," 1800; " The Compass," a poem, del. at H.U. Sept 1793; and delivered addresses and poems on various occasions. Charles began practice at Boston, 1834, and was app. reporter of the Circuit Court; lectured to the Camb. Law School in 1835-7, 1843 ; travelled in Europe in 1837-40, 1857-8, and in 1851 succeeded Daniel Webster as U.S. senator. After the delivery of his famous speech, "The Crime against Kansas," May 19-20, 1856, he was assaulted, while in his seat, by Preston S. Brooks, M.C. from S. Carolina, and so severely injured as to be un able to resume his public duties for 3 or 4 years. He took an active part as a public speaker in opposition to the annexation of Texas, in sup port of Van Buren for the presidency in 1848, and was identified with the peace and anti- slavery movements of the day. In the senate he opposed the fugitive-slave act in a speech, in which he declared, " Freedom is national, and slavery sectional." In the debates on the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and on the contest in Kansas, he took a leading part. On resuming his seat in the senate, his first speech was on " The Barbarism of Slavery," June 4, 1860. He early proposed emancipation as the speediest method of ending the Rebellion ; and from Mar. 4, 1861, to 1870, was chairman of the senate com. on foreign affairs. In 1831 he became chief editor of the Amer. Jurist ; edited " Dunlap on Admiralty," 1836 ; 3 vols. of Cir- cuit-Ct. Reports, 1829-39; with J. C. Per kins, edited Vesey s " Chancery Reports," 20 vols. 8vo; wrote for Galignanis Messenger a defence of our N.E. boundary-claims ; and suggested to Mr. Wheaton a work on the Law of Nations. Among his orations, speeches, are "The True Grandeur of Nations," 1845 ; " The Scholar, the Jurist, the Artist, the Philanthropist," 1846; "Fame and Glory," 1847 ; " White Slavery in theBarbary State s," 1847; "Law of Human Progress," 1848; "Finger-Point from Plymouth Rock," 1853; "Landmark of Freedom," 1854 ; " The Anti- slavery Enterprise," 1855; "Position and Duties of the Merchant," 1855 ; " Our Foreign Relations," 1863 ; " The Case of the Florida," 1864; "The Provisions of the Decl. of In- dep. ; " " Eulogy on Abraham Lincoln," 1865 ; " The National Security and the National Faith," 1865; "Our Claims on England," Apr. 13, 1869. A coll. of his speeches was pub. 2 vols. 1850; recent speeches and ad dresses, 1856 ; his complete works, with a Me moir by Dr. Charles A. Phelps, are now (1875) in press ; d. Washington, D.C., Mar. 11, 1874. Sumner, EDWIN VOSE, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Boston, Ms., Jan. 1796 ; d. Syracuse, N.Y., Mar. 21, 1863. Son of Seth. His youth was passed at Milton; and his early education was received at the acad. there. At 15 he entered a mercantile establishment at Montreal, and in 1812 pursued the same career with Stephen Higginson, jun., of Boston. App. in March, 1819, 2d lieut. 2d Inf., he served in the Black- Hawk war; 1st lieut. July, 1823; capt. 2d Dragoons, March, 1833 ; served many years on the Indian frontier ; maj. 2d Dragoons, June 30, 1846 ; in April, 1847, led the famous cavalry charge at Cerro Gordo ; wounded, and brevet- ted lieut.-col. ; disting. at Contreras and Churu SUJVI 835 SU:VL bnseo ; and at Molino del Rey com. the entire cavalry, holding in check 5,000 Mexican lan cers; for his gallantry brev. col.; disting. in Col. Hurney s affair at Medclin, Mex., Mar. 25, 1847; licut.-col. 1st Drags. July 13, 1848 ; col. Mar. 3, 1855 ; milit. gov. of N. "Mexico 1851-3, when selected for special duty in Europe. In July, 1S57, he led a successful exped. against the *heycnnes, whom he defeated at Solomon s Fork of the Kansas River. In March, 1861, he superseded Gen. A. S. Johnston in the com. of the Pacific dept. ; became brig. -gen. Mar. 16, 1861 ; maj.-gen. U.S. Vols. July 11, 1862; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. May 21, 1862. He com. the 1st corps in the Army of the Potomac ; com. the left wing at the siege of Yorktown ; and was in all the battles of the Peninsula, and twice wounded. At Fair Oaks he ren dered most important service, and earned his promotion. Assigned to com. the 2d corps on the re-organization of the army, he was wounded at Antietam ; and at Fredericksburg, 13 Dec. 1862, com. the right grand division of the Army of the Potomac. He left two sons, EDWIN V., Jun., and SAMUEL S., both capts. of cavalry, U.S.A. Suinner, GEORGE, M.D., physician, and prof, of botany at Trin. Coll., Hartford, b. Pom- fret, Ct., Dec. 19, 1793; d. Hartford, Feb. 20, 1855. Y.C. 1813. He studied med. at New Haven and at Phila. ; established himself in Hartford in 1819, and for several years deliv ered lectures on botany to young ladies. In 1820 he pub. a compendium of Physiological and Systematic Botany. Sumner, GEORGE, son of C. P., and bro. of Charles, b. Boston, Feb. 5, 1817 ; d. there Oct. 6, 1863. He studied at Heidelberg and Berlin, and travelled many years in Europe, Asia, and Africa, acquainting himself with in- ternat. law, the codes politic, institutions, and philanthropic organizations, of each coun try. To his labors, in conjunction with those of Dr. S. G. Howe, we owe the establishment here of schools for idiots. He was often con sulted by foreign govts. upon questions of polit. economy ; and such men as Humboldt and De Tocqueville paid tribute to his learning and accuracy. Between Nov. 1 and Mar. 15, 1860, he delivered 102 lectures in the U.S. He pub. Memoirs of the Pilgrims at Leyden, " Ms. Hist. Colls.," 3d ser. vol. ix. : " The Pa. System of Prison Discipline," 1847; "Progress of Re form in France," 1853; oration bef. the city authorities of Boston, July 4, 1859. Author also of many articles in American and foreign periodicals. Allibone. Suinner, INCREASE, LL.D., judge, and gov. of Ms. 1797-9, b. Roxbury, Nov. 27, 1746; d. June 7, 1799. H.U. 1767. His an cestor William, of Oxfordshire, Eng., settled in Dorchester, Ms., ab. 1635, and held various public offices. Increase his father, a prosper ous farmer, d. Nov. 28, 1774. The son taught school at Roxbury two years, studied law in the office of Samuel Quincy, was adm. to the bar in 1770, and commenced practice in Rox- biiry. Representative in 1776-80 ; a senator in 1780-2 ; and in Aug. 1782-97 was an assoc. judge of the Sup. Jud. Court; member of the State Const. Couv. 1779, and in 1789 of that assembled for the adoption of the Federal Coir stitutiou. He m. Elizabeth, dau. of William Hyslop. Gtneal. R<g., viii. 105. "Sumner, GEN. JETHRO, b. Va. ; d. War ren Co., N.C. Wm. his father emig. from England ab. 1690, and settled near Suffolk, Va. Jethro was in 1760 app. paymaster in the prov. army of that State, and com. of Fort Cumberland. By the Prov. Congress which met at Halifax, Apr. 4, 1776, he was app. col. of the 3d Regt., with which he joined the army of Washington at the north ; Jan. 9, 1779, he was app. a brig.-gen. in the cont. service ; and in 1780 was engaged in the disastrous battle near Carnden. He was actively engaged in N.C. until he joined Greene upon the High Hills of Santee. He was at the battle of Eutaw ; and, after the abduction of Governor Burke, he was sent by Greene into N.C. to overawe the Tories and e ncourage the Whigs. Alter the war, Gen. Suinner m. a wealthy widow at Newbern. He was buried near old Shocco Chapel, and Bute Old Court House. His dau. m. Hon. Thos.Blount of Edgecombe. Wheeler s N.C. Sumner, GEN. WILLIAM HYSLOP, b. Dorchester, Ms., 4 July, 1780; d. Jamaica Plain, Ms., 24 Oct. 1861. H.U. 1799. Son of Gov. Increase. He studied and practised law in Boston ; was a member of the Ms. legisl. in 1808-19, and adj.-gen. in 1818-34. Active in the improvement and settlement of East Boston. He pub. " Memoir of Gov. Inc. Sumner," and "Reminiscences," 1854; and a "History of East Boston," 8vo, 1858. See GeneaL "Reg., 1862. Sumter, THOMAS, rnaj.-gen., b. Va. 1734; d. at his residence, South Mount., near Camden, S.C., June 1, 1832. He was a vol. in the old French war ; was present at Braddock s defeat, and early in life removed to the upper part of S.C. He took part in the warfare against the Cherokees, and at its close accomp. " Oconos- totah," or the "Emperor," to Eng. on a visit, returning home in 1763. He was prominent in the early ante-Revol. movements at Charles ton ; in March, 1776, was app. lieut.-col. 2d Regt. of riflemen, and stationed in the interior of the State to overawe Indians and loyal ists. On the fall of Charleston in May, if 80, Sumter, then a col., took refuge in the swamps of the Santee, and, on the burning and rava ging of his estate, retired to N.C., where he soon raised a larger force than he could arm ; .July 12, 1780, he attacked a British detach ment on the Catawba, totally routed and dis persed the whole force, killed Capt. Huck, who com. the British, and Col. Ferguson, who com. the Tories. This success brought him re-en forcements, and with 600 men he made a spi rited attack on the post at Rocky Mount, Aug. 1, but, having no artillery, was repulsed. In July he had been made a brig.-gen. in the State militia. Aug. 6 he attacked the post at Hanging Rock, where he annihilated the Prince of Wales s regt., and put to flight a large body of N.C. Tories ; on the 16th Aug. he captured a valuable convoy on the road from Charleston to Camden, but on the 18th was over taken, surprised, and completely routed by Tarleton at Fishing Creek ; in 3 days, how ever, he was again at the head of a respectable STJ:N- 886 Force. He shifted his position frequently in the vicinity of Broad, Ennoree, and Tiger rivers, maintaining a continual skirmishing with the enemy, beating up their quarters, cutting off their supplies, and harassing them by incessant incursions and alarms. Nov. 12, he was at tacked at Broad River by a British corps, whom he defeated, taking prisoner their com., Maj. Wemys. Nov. 20, he was attacked at Blakstoeks by Tarleton, whom he repulsed after a severe and obstinate action. Sumtcr, however, received a severe wound in the shoul der, which for several months interrupted his gallant career. Jan. 13, 1781, he received the thanks of Congress for his eminent services. Cornw allis, writing to Tarleton after this affair, says, " I shall be very glad to hear that Sum- ter is in a condition to give us no further trou ble. He certainly has been our greatest plague in this country." Recovering from his wound early in Feb. 1781, he crossed the Con- garee, and destroyed the magazines at Fort Granby ; two .days after, he defeated an escort of the enemy, and captured the wagons and stores they were conveying to Cam den. At tacked on the Broad River by Maj. Fraser with a large force, he repulsed him with loss. In March, 1781, he raised 3 regts., and co-op erated with Marion until the end of the war, striking many successful blows. May 10, 1781, he captured the British post at Orangeburg; he soon after captured the posts at Dorchester and Monk s Corner. He was a distinguished member of the conv. to adopt the Federal Const., which he approved. He was M.C. in 1789-93 and 1797-1802, and U.S. senator in 1801-10. His son, Col. THOMAS, minister to Brazil 1809-19, d. near Statesburg, S.C., June 15, 1840, a. 71. Sunderland, REV. LA ROY, b. Exeter, R.I., 1804; became a Meth. preacher at Wai- pole, Ms., 1823. He has lectured and pub. on the subjects of temperance, slavery, Mormon- ism, magnetism, pathetism, spiritualism, and the method of healing without medicine. Ed ited the Watchman, N.Y., 1836-43; the Mag net, 1842-3 ; the Spirit -World, Boston, 1850- 2 ; and has contrib. to Zion s Herald, Christ. Advocate, Meth. Quart. Rev., Bost. Investigator, Spiritual Telegraph, N.Y., and Herald of Prog ress. Allibone. Susini (HINCKLEY) ISABELLA, vocalist; d. New York, July 6, 1862. Dau. of a physi cian of Albany. She early manifested a taste for music ; and, her voice being an excellent sopra no, great care was spent upon her vocal educa tion. At 17 she went to Italy; studied there 2 years under the best masters; then appeared in Italian opera in several European capitals, and on her return, in several American cities, being everywhere favorably received. In 1861 she m. Sig. Susini, the well-known basso. SutelnT, ROBERT, a Friend, in mercantile business at Sheffield, removed with his family to the vicinity of Phila. in 1811, and d. in that year of a fever contracted while assisting in ex tinguishing a fire. Author of " Travels in Some Parts of N.A. in 1804-6," Phila. 1812. -r Sutherland, JOEL B., b. 1791 ; d. Phila. Nov. 15. 1861. U. of Pa. 1812. He served in the war of 1812 ; was afterward in the Pa legi si. ; M.C. 1827-37, and chairman of the com. on commerce 1835-7 ; and a judue of the Phila. C. C. Pieas. Author of " Manual of Legislative Practice," 1830; "Congressional Manual," 1839. Sutlifie, ALBERT, poet, b. Meriden, Ct., ab. 1830. Pub. a vol. of poems, Boston, 1859. He contrib. to the National Era, Genius qf (he West, Cincin., 1854. Taught a private school in Ky. ; and since 1855 has resided in Minne sota. See Poets and Poetry of the West. Suydam, JAMES A., landscape-painter, b. New York; d. N. Conway, N.H., Sept. 15, 1865. He was of an old N. Y. family ; possessed a competency, and devoted much of his time and income to the encouragement of art and the aid of struggling merit. His " Long-Island Shore " is a characteristic landscape. Tucker- man. Swain, DAVID LowRY,LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1841), statesman and educator, b. near Ashe- ville, N.C., Jan. 4, 1801 ; d. Chapel Hill, N.C., Sept. 3, 1868. U. of N.C. His father was b. Roxbury, Ms. He was adm. to the N.C. bar in 1823; soon entered on a lucrative practice; in 1824 was elected to represent Buncombe Co. in the house of commons ; in 1831 was app. a judge of the Sup. Court ; in 1832-5 was gov. of the State ; and from that time until his death was pres. of the U. of N.C. He pub. " British Invasion of N.C. in 1776," 8vo, 1853; and coutrib. many valuable papers on the His tory of N.C. to the University Mag. See N.E. Hist. Geneal. Reg., xxiv. 349. Swain, COL. JAMES B., engr. in chief State of N.Y., b. N.Y. City 1820. Has pub. "Life and Speeches of Henry Clay," 2 vols. 8vo, 1842; " Military Hist, of N.Y. 1861-5," 3 vols. 8vo; Editor Hudson-River Chronicle 1843-9; co-editor N.Y. Tribune 1849-51; Daily Times 1851-7; editor Albany Statesman 1856-61. Allibone. Swan, MAJ. CALEB, paymaster Revol. army, and paymaster-gen. U.S.A. 1792-1808; d. Washington, D.C., Nov. 20, 1809. He pub. " Some Account, &c., of the N. Western Lakes of America," 1798. CALEB, schoolmaster, trader, and commiss. in the Revol. army (son of Col. Joshua of Metlmen, Apr. 12, 1718), d. Jan. 17, 1793. CALEB, lieut. in Hale s regt. at capture of Louisburg, 1745. Swan, COL. JAMES, merchant, politician, soldier, and author before the age of 22, b. Fifeshire, Scotland, 1754; d. Paris, 18 Mar. 1831. He came very young to Boston; was a clerk in a store; pub. in 1772 "A Dissua sion to Great Britain and the Colonies from the Slave-Trade to Africa ; " was one of the "Boston Tea-Party "in Dec. 1773; was sec of the patriotic assemblies of the time ; ac- comp. Gen. Warren as his aide to Bunker s Hill, and was wounded at his side ; next acted as treasurer and receiver-gen. ; became a capt. in Craft s regt. of art. in 1776, and took part in the exped. which drove the British fleet out of Boston harbor; was sec. to the Ms. Board of War; member of the legisl. in 1778 ; and afterwards adj. -gen. of Ms. Deeply in debt, he went to Paris in 1787 ; became known there by his work on the Commerce of the U.S. with SWA 887 SWI France (8vo, 1790) ; acquired reputation and a fortune; came to the U.S. in 1795, and dis played great charity and munificence. Re turning to Europe in 1798, he was engaged in commercial affairs of great magnitude. On the claim of a German with whom he had dealt, Swan was imprisoned in St. Pelagic, in Paris, m 1815, and remained there until July, 1830: keeping up all the while an indefatigable litigation in the French courts. He was a man of large enterprise and benevolence, man ly in person, and dignified in manner. His other works are "On the Fisheries," 1784; "Fisheries of Ms.," 1786; "National Arith metic," 1786; &c. Swan, JOSEPH R., of Columbus, O., b. Western ville, N.Y., 1802. Has pub. " Trea tise on Justices," 8th ed., 1862 ; " Statutes of Ohio," 2 vols. 8vo, 1860; "Manual for Ex ecutors and Administrators," 1843 ; " Practice and Pleadings," 2 vols. 8vo, 1860; " Com mentaries on Pleadings," &c., I860; "Supple ment to the Rev. Statutes of Ohio," 1869. Swan, TIMOTHY, composer of " China," "Poland," and other pieces of sacred music, b. Worcester, Ms., July 23, 1758; d. Northfield, Ms., July 23, 1842. He carried on the business of a hatter in Northfield and in Suffield, Ct. He pub. "New-England Harmony," 1801. Swan, WILLIAM DRAPER, many years principal of the Mayhew Grammar School, Boston, afterward a bookseller and prominent politician in that city, b. Dorchester 17 Nov. 1809 ; d. there 2 Nov. 1864. Member of the Ms. senate 1862. Author of a valuable series of Readers, and in connection with his bro. Robert, and Daniel Leach, of a series of Arith metics ; also " The Critic Criticised, and Worces ter Vindicated," 8vo, 1860. SwartWOUt, GEN. ROBERT ; d. New York, July 19, 1848. Son of a Revol. soldier. Col. N.Y. militia ; served in N.Y. harbor, Aug.- Nov. 1812 ; quarterm. -gen. (rank of brig.-gen.) 21 Mar. 1813 ; and com. 4th brigade in cam paign of 1813 on the St. Lawrence, and suc ceeded to the com. on the fall of Gen. Coving- ton. Alderman of N.Y. City. Swayne, GEN. JOHN WAGER, b. Colum bus, O., 1835. Y.C. 1856. Son of Judge Noah H. Swayne. He practised law at Columbus. Was made maj. 43d O. Inf., which he accomp. to the field, in Feb. 1862 ; fought at luka and Corinth ; was made col. ; served in all the marches and battles of the Atlanta campaign ; lost a leg at Salkahatchie ; was made brig, and maj. gen. (20 June, 1865); and was after ward assist, commiss. of refugees, freedmen, and abandoned lands; col. 45th Inf. 28 Julv, 1866; and retired 1 July, 1870. Swayne, NOAH HAYNES, LL.D. (Dartm. 1863), app. a justice U.S. Sup. Court 4 Jan. 1862; b. Culpepper Co., Va., 27 Dec. 1804. While an apothecary s clerk in Alexandria, he acquired some education ; began the study of law at Warrenton, and, on his admission to the bar in 1824, settled at Coehoeton, O. Member of the legisl. 1829; U. S. dist.-atty. 1830-9; chosen judge of C.C.P. in 1834, but declined the office; again in the legisl. in 1836, and took a leading part in organizing asvlums and insti tutions for the blind, the lunatic, and the deaf and dumb His district comprises Ohio, Michi gan, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Sweat, MRS. MARGARET JANE MCSSEY, b. Portland, Me., 1823. Has pub. "Ethel s Love -Life," 1859; "Highways of Travel," 1859. She has been a contrib. to the N. A. Re view. Aliibone. Sweeny, GEN. THOMAS W., b. Ireland, 1818. Caaie to the U.S. in childhood; was 2d lieut. of N.Y. Vols. in Mexican war ; lost an arm at Churubusco ; capt. 2d U.S. Inf. Jan. 1861 ; col. of vols. May, 1861 ; brig.-gen. 29 Nov. 1862; maj. 6th U.S. Inf. Oct. 20, 1863, He (listing, himself at Wilson s Creek, Mo., and was severely wounded ; col. 52d 111. Vols. Jan. 1862; engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of luka and Corinth (wounded) ; com. division in Atlanta campaign, and engaged at Snake -tree Gap, Resaca, Dallas, Kcnesaw Mountain, and the battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864. Received a silver med al from the city of N.Y. for services in Mex. war, and a second from the city of Brooklyn for services in the civil war. Retired brig.-gen. U.S.A. 11 May, 1870 Henry. Sweet, DR. CHARLES, a surgeon of emi nent skill in the treatment of fractured, dislo cated, and diseased bones ; b. Lebanon, Ct. y Dec. 11, 1811. Resides there. Son of Dr. Benoni, also an eminent surgeon, who d. at Lebanon, Aug. 1840, a. 80. Sweetser, CHARLES HUMPHREYS, b. Athol, 25 Aug. 1841 ; d. Pilatka, Fla., Jan. 1, 1871. Amh. Coll. 1862. Author of " Songs of Amherst," 1 860 ; " Hist, of Amh. Coll.," 1860; "Tourist s Guide to the North-west," 1867. He founded the Round Table ; was con nected with the N.Y. Evening Gazette; in 1867 began the Evening Mail, and in 1869 the City, both in New York. Swett, JOHN APPLETON, M.D., physician, b. Boston, Dec. 3, 1808; d. New York 18 Sept. 1854. H.U. 1828. He practised medi cine for a time in New York; spent 18 months in Europe, in 1835-6, attending the medical schools of Paris. He was in 1842 elected one of the physicians of the N.Y. Hospital, and in 1852 pub. his " Treatise on the Diseases of the Chest." In 1853 he was app. prof, of the theory and practice of medicine in the N.Y. U. About 1840 he was associated with Dr. Watson as editor of the N. Y. Jour, of Medicine. Swett, COL. SAMUEL, soldier and military writer, b. Newburyport, Ms., June 9, 1782; d*. Boston, Oct. 28, 1866. H.U. 1800. A lawyer ; afterward a merchant. Served on the staff of Gen. Izard, on the northern frontier, in the war of 1812, with rank of major. Rep. in Ms. legis lature. He pub. an Account of the Bunker s- hill Battle, 1826; Sketches of Disting. Men of Newburyport ; " Who was the Commander at Bunker Hill?" &c., 1850. Swift, COL. HEMAN, a Revol. officer, b. Sandwich, Ms., 1733; d. Cornwall, Ct., Nov. 14, 1814. His father Jabez settled in Kent soon after his birth. Heman at an earlv age was a lieut. of provincials in the French war, serving on the northern frontier, and served throughout the Revol. as a col. in the Cont. line. He afterward resided in Cornwall, held various civil offices under the State govt., and SWI 888 SYM: for 12 yea\s in succession was a member of the council. Judge of Litchfield Co. Court. Swift, GEN. JOSEPH GARDNER, LL.D. (Keny. Coll. 1843), b. Nantucket, Dec. 31, 1783 ; d. Geneva, N.Y., July 23, 18G5. Son of Dr. Foster Swift, surgeon U.S. army. First grad. West Point (lieut. eng.) Oct. 12, 1802 ; capt. Oct. 1806; mnj. Feb. 23, 1808; aide to Gen. Pinckney 1812; lieut. -col. July 6, 1812; col. and principal eng. July 31, 1812; chief eng. in planning the defences "of N.Y. harbor 1812-13, and of the army in the campaign of 1813 on the St. Lawrence ; brev. brig.-gen. for merito rious services, Feb. 19, 1814 ; supt. of Military Acad. Nov. 1816 to Jan. 1817; resigned Nov. 1818, with a number of other officers of the .corps, on the app. of the French gen. Bernard to the charge of investigating and modifying the const-defences. U.S. surveyor of the port of N.Y. 1818-27; civil eng. U.S. service; supt. of harbor improvements on the Lakes 1829-45. In the winter of 1830-1 he constructed the railroad from N. Orleans to Lake Pontchar- train over an unfathomable swamp; in 1839 he was chief eng. of the Harlem Railroad, N.Y. ; in 1841 he was sent by Pres. Harrison on an embassy of peace to the govs. of Canada, New Brunswick, and N. Scotia; in 1851-2, with his son Me Ray Swift, he made the tour of Europe, recording his observations in a diary, in which is a complete history of West-Point Acad. His bro. JOHN, brig.-gen. N.Y. militia, was killed July 12, 1814, in a successful exped. he com manded, after cutting off a picket of the enemy, near Fort George, Upper Canada. Swift, SAMUEL, LL.D. (Midd. Coll. 1860), son of Rev. Job, b. Amenia, N.Y., 3 Aug. 1782. D.C. 1800. Tutor in Midd. Coll. 1800-2; sec. of State of Vt. ; judge of probate, Addison Co., 1819-41 ; judge of County Court 1855-7. He pub. Hist, of Middlebury, Vt., 1859, and of Addison, Vt., 1859 ; two addresses; and in 1812-13 edited a political paper. Swift, ZEPHANIAII, LL.D. (Y.C. 1817), ju rist, b. Wareham, Ms., Feb. 1759 ; d. Warren, O., Sept. 27, 1823. Y.C. 1778. He practised law at Windham extensively, and with high reputation ; was M.C. 1793-6 ; in 1800 accomp. Mr. Ellsworth to France as sec. ; in 1801 was app. a judge of the Sup. Court ; and in 1806- 19 was chief justice. He was a member of the Hartford Convention ; was afterwards a mem ber of the State legisl., and was one of a com. to revise the statute laws of the State. He pub. a Digest of the Laws of Ct. in 2 vols., an oration on Domestic Slavery, a System of the Laws of Ct., a Digest of the Laws of Evidence, and a treatise on Bills of Exchange. Swinton, WILLIAM, b. Edinburgh, Apr. 23, 1833. Came in 1843 to Amer., and studied at Ainii. Coll. Prof, of languages at Edgeworth Femaie Sem., Greenborough, N.C., 1853; prof. Mt.Wash. Coll. Inst., N.Y. City, 1854; A.M. of Amh. Coll. 1866 ; now prof, of belles-lettres, U. of Cal. Author of " Rambles among Words," 1859 ; " The Times Review of M Clel- fin," 1864; "Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac," 1866; "The 12 Decisive Battles of the War," 1867; "Hist, of the N.Y. 7th Rcgt. during the Rebellion," 1870. Mr. S. was corresp. of the N. Y. Times, and present at many battles. He has contrib. to Putnam s and the Atlantic mags., and is engaged on a Historv of the War of Secession in the U.S. Swisshelm, MRS. JANE G. C., b. Wilkins- burg, Pa., 1816. Editor Pittsbnrrj Sat. Visitor, 1845-56 ; St. Cloud Visitor and St. Cloud Dem ocrat, 1858, et seq. Contributed to magazines and journals. Allibone. Swords, GEN. THOMAS, b. N.Y. Oct. 1806, West Point, 1829. Grandson of Capt. Thos., a British officer who d. in N.Y. City 1780. His father was well known in N.Y. City as the senior member of the well-known Episcopal book-house, T. & J. Swords. Entering the 4th Inf., he became 1st lieut. dragoons, 4 Mar. 1833; capt. 3 Mar. 1837; capt. and assist. qmr. 7 July, 1838; maj. 21 Apr. 1846 ; lieut. - col. and dep. qmr. -gen. 1 Aug. 1856; col. and assist, qmr.-gen. 3 Aug. 1861 ; chief quartm. Army of the West, 1846-7, and engaged at San Pasqual, Cal., 6 Dec. 1846, and at Vera Cruz ; brev. lieut. -col. 30 May, 1848, for merit, services in the enemy s country; chief quartm. dept. of the Cumberland and of the Ohio, 18615, and engaged in the battle of Chicka- mauga, Ga., Sept. 19-20, 1863; brev. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 ; ret. 22 Feb. 1869. Ciillum. Sydenham, CHARLES EDWARD POULETT THOMPSON, baron, gov. of Brit. N.A. from Oct. 16, 1839, to his d. at Kingston, Sept. 19, 1841 ; b. 1799. A merchant until 1830 ; M.P. 1826 ; pres. of the board of trade 1834 and in 1835-9. Made Baron Sydenham, Aug. 10, 1840. He successfully promoted the union of Canada, consummated during his administration. Sykes, GEORGE, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b.Md. June, 1822. West Point, 1842. He en tered the 3d Inf.; became 1st lieut. 21 Sept. 1846; brev. capt. for Cerro Go rdo, April IS, 1847; assist, commissary of subsistence with Twiggs s div. of the Army of Mexico; capt 30 Sept. 1855; major 14th Inf. May 14, 1861 ; lieut.-col. 5th Inf. Oct. 16, 1863; col. 20th Inf. Jan. 12, 1868; brig.-gen. vols. Sept. 28,^1861 ; maj.-gen. 29 Nov. 1862. He com. a division in the 5th corps of the Army of the Potomac under Fitz John Porter and Bultcrfield, and took part in most of the battles fought by that army; in- June, 1863, he took com. of the 5th corps, with which, he fought at Gettysburg and in the Rapidan campaign ; brev. col. for Gaines s Mill, 27 June, 1862; brig.-geu. 13 Mar. 1865 for Gettysburg, and maj.-gou. for services in the Rebellion. Cullum. Sykes, JAMES, M.D., b. near Dover, Del., March 27, 1761 ; d. Oct. 18, 1822. ^ James his father held several important offices in the State before and during the Revol., and was a, delegate to Congress in 1777-8. The son sctid- ied at Wilm. Coll., and, under the care of Dr Clayton, gained a knowledge of medicine, which he increased by attendance on the med. lectures at Phila. After 4 years practice at Cambridge, Md., he returned to Dover, where he acquired renown as a surgeon. Often a member of the State senate, in which body he. presided near 15 years, and was acting gov. of the State in 1801-2. In 1814-20 he resided in New- York City. Symmes, JOHN CLEVES, jurist, b. Long SYM: 889 island, 21 July, 1742; d. Cincinnati, Ohio, 26 Feb. 1314. Member Old Congress 1785-6; judge of the Sup. Court of N. J. ; chief justice; and in 1 788 was app. judge of the North-west Terr. Founder of the settlements in the Miami country. He m. a dau. of Gov. Wm. Livings ton. His dau. Anna m. Pres. Wm. H. Harri son. His nephew JOHN CLEVES (author of the theory that the earth is hollow, habitable with in, open at the poles for the admission of light, and containing within it six or seven concentric hollow spheres, also open at the poles) b. N.J. Nov. 5, 1779 ; d. Hamilton, 0., 29 May, 1829. Grandson of Rev. Timothy, a Presb. minister, who d. Ipswich, Ms., 6 Apr. 1756, a. 41. En tering the army as an ensign 1st Inf. 26 Mar. 180:2, he was a capt. in the war of 1812, and disting. at the battle of Niagara Falls and at the sortie from Fort Erie. Subsequently he resided at Newport, Ky. ; devoted himself to philos. researches ; promulgated his theory in 1818; wrote and lectured in its behalf; and petitioned Congress to fit out an exped. to test it. It was received, however, with general ridi cule ; and Symmcs d. in great pecuniary em barrassment. Plis book was pub. 12mo, Cin cinnati, 1826. Symmes, THOMAS, second minister of Bradford, Ms., from 1708 to his d. Oct. 6, 1725; b. Feb. 1, 1678. H.U. 1698. Minister of Box- ford from Dec. 30, 1702, until 1708, when he succeeded Zachariah his father at Bradford. He possessed a strong mind and considerable learning. Besides occasional sermons, he pub. " Hist. Memoirs of the Fight of Piggwacket, May 9, 1725," with a sermon on Lovewell s death. This was repub., with notes by N. Bouton, in 1861. A Memoir, pub. by J. Brown, has annexed his advice to his children and to the church, 8vo, 1726. Syrnonds, WILLIAM LAW, writer, b. Port land, Me., 1833; d. New York, Jan. 18, 1862. Bowd. Coll. 1854. After studying at the Camb. Divinity School, he went to New York as one of the editors of the " New Amer. Cy clop.," upon which he was engaged up to his last illness, excepting in 1860-1, while preach ing at Chicopee, Ms. Besides his historical and philos. contribs. to the " Cyclopasdia," he contri!). articles to the Atlantic Monthly and other periodicals. Tach, SIR ETIENNE PASCHAL, M.D., Canadian statesman, b. St. Thomas, C. E., 1795 ; d. there 1865. He was an officer of mili tia in the war of 1812 ; practised medicine un til 1841, when he entered the Assembly; was dep. adj. -gen. 1847-8; commissioner of public works *1 848-9; and Apr. 21, 1856, was made speaker of the legisl. council, which he resigned Nov. 1857. He was knighted by the queen in Nov. 1858, and in 1860 made col. and aide-de camp to the queen. Atithor of " Du Devehppe- rnent de la Force Physique chezl floinme," 1829; "Reflexions sur I Organisation des Volontieres," &c., 1863. Morgan. Tacon, GEN., many years gov.-gen. of Cuba ; d. Madrid, Sept. 1855, a. 80. Tag^art, CHARLES MANSON, b. Montreal, L.C., 1821 ; d. Charleston, S.C., 1853. Meadv. Thcol. Sem. 1849. Contribto South. Lit. Mes senger. A vol. of his seriaona, with Memoir by John H. Hey wood, was pub. 12mo, Boston. 185Q.Allibone. Taggart, CYNTHIA, author of a small vol of poems (3d ed. N.Y. 1848), b. R.I. 1801 ; d there Mar. 23/49. For many years an invalid, and wrote most of her pieces while on a sick bed. See Notice in the R. I. Cottager by Rev. James C. Richmond. Taggart, SAMUEL, minister of Coleraiue, Ms., 1777-1818, b. Londonderry, N.IL, March 24, 1754 ; d. Apr. 25, 1825. Dartm. Coll. 1774. M. C. 1803-17. Author of "Evidences of Christianity," 1811 ; "An Account of British Impressments from our Marine; " " Scriptural Vind. of the Doct. of the Final Perseverance," &c., 8vo, 1801 ; and many sermons, orations, and addresses. Taller, WILLIAM, lieut.-gov. of Ms. 1711 ; b. Mar. 7, 1677; d. Dorchester, Ms., Mar. 1, 1732. He came from Eng. as lieut.-gov. in 1711 ; was capt. A. and H. Art. Co. 1712; was in Eng. in 1721 ; and was, with Spencer Phipps, a commiss. to treat with the Six Nations at Albany. He com. one of the regts. raised to take Port Royal. Marrying a relative of Gov. Stoughton, he came into possession of his estate in Dorcheeter. Tait, CHARLES, judge and senator, b. Lou isa Co., Va., 1769; d. Wilcox Co., Ala., Oct. 7, 1835. He removed at an early ago to Ga. ; was several years a judge of the Superior Court ; U.S. senator in 1809-19, and ably supported the administrations of Madison and Monroe; judge of the Dist. Court of Alabama 1819-28. Tait, JOHN R., artist, b. Cincinnati 1834. Grad. Bethany Coll., Va., where he edited the Stylus, a magazine. Author of "Dolce far hiente," 12mo, 1859; a vol. of poems; and "Life, Legend, and Landscape," 12ino, 1860. Allibone. Talbot, MATHEW, statesman, b. Va. 1767; d. Wilkes Co., Ga., Sept. 17, 1827. He settled in Wilkes Co. in 1785, and afterward moved to Oglethorpe. Often in the legisl. ; was a del egate to the Const. Conv. of Ga. ; was State senator in 1808; pres. of the senate 1818-23; and acting governor in 1819. Talbot, SILAS, capt. U.S.N., b. R.I. about 1750; d. N.York, June 30, 1813. At the begin ning of the war he was capt. in a R.I. regt. ; was at the siege of Boston ; in 1776 accornp. the ar my to N.Y., and received from Congress the, commiss. of major for skilful operations against the British shipping in the harbor. In the mem orable defence of Fort Miffliu, Nov. 1777, he received a severe wound in the thigh, and anoth er in the wrist, but continued to fight till the works were evacuated; and in 1778 gave impor tant aid to Gen. Sullivan by transporting the Amer. forces from the mainland to the upper end of the Island of R.I. His capture in Oct. 1778 of the British floating-battery "Pigot," of 22 guns, anchored in one of the channels com manding the approach to Newport, was one of the most brilliant exploits of the war, and won for him the commission of lieut.-col. In Mar. 1779 he armed his prize, "The Pigot," and with the sloop "Argo" (10 guns) cruised oiF N.E. He soon captured "The Lively" (12 guns), and two letters-of-marque ; also " The King George," and afterward " The Dragon/ TAIL, 890 T.AJL, arter a battle of 4 hours. For this latter ser vice he was commissioned a capt. in the navy Sept. 17, 1779. After cruising successfully for some time in " The Argo," and afterward in a private ship, he was captured in 1780 by a Brit ish fleet, and confined in the Jersey prison- ship ; was afterward removed to Eug. ; and in Dec. 1781 was exchanged. After the war, he purchased the forfeited estate of Sir Wm. John son, near the Mohawk ; was several years in the Assembly from Montgomery Co. ; and was an M.C. in 1793-4. On the re-organization of the navy in 1794, he was again employed, and superintended the construction of the frigate " Constitution " (" Old Ironsides"), which in 1799 was his flag-ship during a cruise in the W. Indies. Resigning in Sept. 1801, he passed the rosidue of his life in N.Y. City. See Life of Silas Talbot by II. T. Tucker man, N.Y. 1850, and Hist. S/cctctiofthe Lifo of, N.Y. 1803, 12mo. Talcott, MAJ. JOHN, b. Eng. ; d. 23 July, 1688. Son of John, who came to Cambridge in 1632, and to Hartford in 1636. A rep. until 1654, and an assist, and treas. of the Colony until his d. 1659. The son was made ensign 1650; rcpres. 1660; capt. 1661 ; trcas., and an assist, commiss. at the Cong, of the N.E. Cols. 1669-71, 73, and 76; (listing, in the Indian wai of 1676 ; resigned the office of treasurer on receiving his app. to com. the forces of the Col. ; and, collecting ab. 450 whites and friendly In dians, scoured the country as far as the falls above Deerfield, inflicted severe blows upon the hostile tribes, and saved Hadlcy from the at tack of 700 Indians. He also did good service in the Narraganset country, and fought a suc cessful battle at the Houssatonnuc, killing the sachem of Quabaug. His son JOSEPH, gov. Ct. 1725-41, b. Hartford, Nov. 16, 1669, d. Oct. 11, 1741. Taliaferro (Tolliver), COL. BENJAMIN, statesman, b. Va. ab. 1751; d. Wilkes Co., Ga., Sept. 3, 1821. He served with distinction in Morgan s rifle corps at Saratoga, Mon- mouth, and at the siege of Savannah, where he displayed great bravery and coolness. He was taken "at Charleston in 1780, where he acted as a volunteer aide to Lincoln. Removing to Ga. in 1784, he was M.C. 1799-1802; judge Sup. Court, State senator, pres. of that body, and a member Ga. Const. Convention of 1798. Tallmadge, COL. BENJAMIN, Revol. offi cer, b. Setauket, L.I., 25 Feb. 1754; d. Litch- field, Ct., 7 Mar. 1835. Y.C. 1773. Son of Rev. Benjamin, who d. 5 Feb. 1786. He had charge of a high school at Wethersfield, but 20 June, 1776, became a lieut. and soon afterward adj. of a Ct. regt., and rose to the rank of col. Sept. 5, 1779, he crossed the Sound to Lloyd s Neck, L.I., and surprised and captured 500 Tory marauders, without losing a man ; in May, 1780, he planned and conducted the ex pedition which resulted in the taking of Fort George, at Oyster Bay, and the destruction of British stores on L.I. He was in several of the principal battles of the war, had the custody of Major Andre until his execution, and was long one of Washington s military family, and most esteemed secret corresp. After the war he was a successful merchant, and M.C. in 1801-17. In 1784 he m. the dau. of Gen. Wm. Floyd of Mastic. His Memoirs were pub. by his son, F. A. Tallmadge, 8vo, N.Y., 1859. His son, Col. WILLIAM S., an officer of the war of 1812, d. Moscow, N.Y., Sept. 1822, a. 57. Tallmadge, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, law- yer and politician, b. Litchfield, Ct., Aug. 29, 1792; d. there Sept. 17, 1869. Y. C. 1811. Son of the preceding. Studied at the Litchf. Law School ; was adm. to the bar of Litchfield Co. ; in 1814 commenced practice in N. Y. City, and became one of its most successful advocates and counsellors. An alderman in 1834, and a common-councilman in 1836; then State senator ; and was subsequently elected its presiding officer, being at the same time ex offido a judge of the Supreme Court of Errors. After 4 years service in that body, he was in 1841-6 recorder of the city; M.C. in 1846-8; again recorder in 1848-51 ; and in 1857 was app. gen. supt. of the metropolitan police, and was clerk of the Court of Appeals in 1862-5. The Astor-place Riot, which occurred in May, 1849, was effectually put down by his decision and energy. Tallmadge, JAMES, LL.D. (U. of N.Y ), statesman, b. Stamford, N.Y. , Jan. 28, 1778; d. New York, Sept. 29, 1853. Brown U. 1798, Son of Col. James, who led a company of vols. at the capture of Burgoyne (b. Sharon, Ct., Sept. 5, 1744; d. Poughkeepsie, Dec. 21, 1821). He practised law for several years successfully, but devoted much of his time to agriculture. He was some time private sec. to Gov. George Clinton, and, during the war of 1812, at one time com. a portion of the force detailed for the defence of the city of N.Y. M.C. in 1817- 19, he soon showed himself a sound and ready debater; ably defended Gen. Jackson s course in the Seminole war; and introduced, as an amendment to the bill authorizing the people of Mo. to form a State organization, a proposi tion to restrict slavery to the region west of th& Mpi. Prominent in the State Const. Cunvs. of 1821 and 1846; member of the State legisl. io 1 824, and lieut.-gov. in 1 826-7. Visiting Europe in 1835, Mr. Tallmadge was influential in in troducing into Russia a knowledge of Ameri can machinery and mechanics, particularly in the dept. of cotton-manuf. He was for 19 years pres. of the Amer. Institute. All his speeches and acts were directed to the great end of en couraging domestic production. One of thff founders of the U. of N.Y. He pub. a number of addresses and speeches. Tallmadge, NATHANIEL P., politician, b. Chatham, N.Y., Feb. 8, 1795 ; d. Battle Creek, Mich., Nov. 2, 1864. Un. Coll. 1815. Adm. to the bar 1818 ; member N.Y. Assembly 1828 ; of the State senate 1830-3 ; IT. S. senator 1833-44; and Terr. gov. of Wis. 1844-5. He pub. some speeches, and contrib. an Introd. and Appendix to Linton s " Healing of the Nations," 8vo, 1855. Talmage, REV. SAMUEL KENNEDY, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1845), Presb. clergyman and au thor, b. Somcrvillc, N.J., 1798; d. Midway, Ga., 2 Oct. 1865. N.J. Coll. 1820. Tutor at N. J. Coll. 1822-5 ; prof, of anc. lang. Ogleth. U. 1838-41, and pres. 1841-65. Contrib. to Southern Presb. Review, &c. Talmage, REV. T. DE WITT, Presb, 891 clergyman, b. near Bound Brook, N. J., 7 Jan. 1832." U. of N.Y. 1853; New Bruns. Theol. Sem. 1856. Ord. at Belleville, N.Y., where he remained 3 years ; pastor of the Second Ref. Church, Phila., 1859-69; and since Apr. 1869 of the Central Presb. Church, Brooklyn, N.Y. His preaching soon filled the church to over flowing, and a new edifice was erected, which holds 3,000 people. Also a successful lec turer, and contrib. to the N. Y. Independent and other periodicals. Tallman, PELEG, an enterprising mer chant of Bath, Me., b. Tiverton, K.I., July 24, 1764 ; d. Bath, March 8, 1841. In 1778, when only 14 years of age, he entered the privateer- service against Great Britain ; lost an arm in the engagement between " The Trumbull " and " Watt" in 1780; and was a prisoner in Eng. and Ireland in 1 781-3. Subsequently mas ter of a vessel, he finally became a merchant, and acquired by his enterprise and persever ance an ample fortune. M.C. from Ms. 1811- 13 ; State senator 1821-2. Taney (taw -ne), ROGER BROOKE, jurist, b. Culvert Co., Md., 17 Mar. 1777; d. Wash ington, 12 Oct. 1864. Dick. Coll. 1795. De scended from a family of English Catholics who settled in Md. ab. the middle of the 17th century. Adm. to the bar in 1799; member of the house of delegates in 1800 ; of the State senate in 1816 ; app. in 1827 atty.-gen. of Md. by a gov. and council opposed to him in poli tics, and, after 22 years residence at Frederick- ton, removed to Baltimore ab. 1822. He enjoyed an extensive practice in the State and Federal courts, and was originally a Federalist, but became a partisan of Gen. Jackson, who app. him U.S. atty.-gen. in 1831. Nominated in Sept. 1833 sec. of the treasury, he was rejected by the senate, as was also the case with his nomination as a justice of the U.S. Sup. Court in 1835. In Mar. 1836 he was app. chief justice of the U.S. Sup. Court, in place of John Mar shall, deceased; in 1857 he held, in the cele brated " Dred Scott " case, that, for more than a century before the Declaration of Independ ence, " the negroes had been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race either in social or political relations, and so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect ; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit." He also affirmed that the Mo. Compromise was unconstitutional, and that the suit must be dismissed for want of juris diction. He possessed considerable legal learn ing, and his decisions were generally sound. See Van Santvoord s Lives of the Chief Justices, 8vo, 1854. Tannehill, WILKINS, journalist and au thor, b. Pittsburg, Pa., 4 Mar. 1787 ; d. Nash ville, Tenn., 2 June, 1858. Son of Gen. John, a Revol. officer. He was early connected with the Nashville press ; was co-editor of the Whig, and many years editor of the Herald, the first Henry Clay organ in Tenn. He subsequently edited the "Orthopolitan, a new literary and in dependent paper, and from July, 1848, to June, 1849, the Portfolio, a journal of Free masonry. In his later years he was blind. Author of" Freemason s Manual ;" "Sketches of the History of Literature," 8vo, 1827 : " Sketches of the Hist, of Roman Literature/ 12mo, 1846. Allibone ; DuyckincL Tanner, HENRY S., geographer, b. N.Y. 1786; d. N.Y. City 1858. In Phila., where he lived many years, and until 1850, he pub. maps, and contributed statist, and geog. articles to periodicals. He pub. " New Amer. Atlas," fol. 1817, 23, &c. ; " General Atlas," 1828-44, 4to, since pub. by S. A. Mitchell; "Memoir on the Recent Surveys," &c., 12mo, 1829; "View of the Valley of the Mpi.," 12mo, 1832 ; " Amer. Traveller," 12mo, 1836 ; " Cen tral Traveller," N.Y., 1840; "New Picture of Phila.," 12mo, 1840; "Canals and Railroads of the U.S.," N.Y., 8vo, 1840. Member of the geographical societies of Paris and London. Allibone, Tanner, JOHN, captured by the Indians at the age of 6 years, remained with them volun tarily 30 years. The Narrative of Tanner, U. S. Interpreter, &c., was prepared for the press by Edwin James, M.D., N.Y., 1830. He d. 1847. His son JAMES was a Unit, missionary. Tappan, ARTHUR, merchant and philan thropist, b. Northampton, Ms., May 22, 1786; d. N. Haven, July 23, 1865. His father Ben jamin, a Revol. patriot and merchant, died Northampton, Jan. 29, 1831, a. 83. Arthur had a common-school education ; was long en gaged with his bro. Lewis in the importing of dry goods in Boston ; failed in 1842, and was afterward interested in the mercantile agency first established by his bro. He established the Jour, of Commerce in N.Y. ; was one of the chief founders of the Tract Society; start ed the Lane Sem. at Cincinnati ; founded an indispensable professorship in the Auburn Theol. Sem., and aided in founding another at Kenyon Coll. ; established a scholarship at Andover ; and erected Tappan Hall at Ober- lin. His private charities were innumerable. An original abolitionist, he established in 1833 the Emancipator, in N.Y., at his own expense, and called the meeting which formed the N.Y. City Antislavery Society, of which he was chosen pres. Dec. 4, 1833, he was app. pres. of the Amer. Antislavery Soc. He aided in sustaining the Liberator, and redeemed Mr. Garrison from the Baltimore jail. He was a man of rare integrity, and fidelity to principle. See his Life by his brother Lewis. Tappari, BENJAMIN, jurist, brother of Ar thur, b. Northampton, Ms., May 25, 1773 ; d. Steubenville, O., April 12, 1857. He was taught the business of copper-plate engraving and printing ; devoted some attention to por trait-painting ; and subsequently adopted the profession of law. In 1799 he emig. to Ohio, and in 1803 was elected to the legisl. ; served in the war of 1812 as aide to Gen. Wads worth ; was for 7 years pres. judge of the fifth Ohio circ. ; in 1833 was app. by Pres. Jackson U.S. judge for the Ohio dist. ; and was a U.S. senator in 1839-45. He was an active leader in the Democ. party until the Free-soil movement originated, when he joined its ranks. Emi nent for drollery and wit. A vol. of Reports, C.C.P. 1816-19, was pub. by him 1831. Tappan, DAVID, D.D. (H.U. 1794), cler- T.A/P 892 . b. Manchester, Ms., Apr. 21, 1752; d. Aug. 27, 1803. H.U. 1771. He was son of Benjamin, minister of Manchester (1720-90; H.U. 1742), who was son of Saml. of Newbury, and grandson of Dr. Peter. After studying divinity, he began preaching. Was ord. minis ter of the 3d Church in Newbury in Apr. 1774 ; and from Dec. 26, 1792, until his death, was Hollis prof, of divinity in H.U. Many of his discourses and addresses have been pub. A vol. of sermons on important subjects, and an other of lectures on Jewish Antiquities, were pub. 8vo, Boston, 1807. Mary his widow d. Sept. 1831, a. 72. Father of BENJAMIN, D.D. (Bowd. 1845), minister of Augusta, 16 Oct. 1811, to his d. 23 Dec. 1863, b. Newbury, 7 Nov. 1788; H.U. 1805. Tappan, HENRY PHILIP, D.D., LL.D., scholar and author, b. Rhinebeck, N.Y., about 1806. Un. Coll. 1825. He studied 2 years at the Auburn Theol. Sem. ; was one year assist. pastor of the Ref. Dutch Church, Schenectady ; and in 1828-31 was pastor of a Cong. Church at Pittsfield, Ms. Prof, of intell. and moral philos. in the U. of N.Y. in 1832-8 ; and was inaug. first chancellor of the U. of Michigan in Dec. 1852, retiring in 1863. The subject of university education had long employed his attention, and he studied its practical workings in Eng. and Prussia during a foreign tour, re corded in " A Step from the New World to the Old." Author of a treatise on the Will ; a work on the "Elements of Logic;" "Illustri ous Personages of the 19th Century;" " Trea tise on University Education," 1851 ; and a large number of addresses and orations. In 1859 he was elected corresp. member of the French Imperial Institute, and pres. of the Amer. Assoc. for the Advancement of Educa tion. See Amer. Jour, of Education, October, 1863. Tappan, WILLIAM BINGHAM, poet, b. Beverly, Ms., Oct. 29, 1794; d. W. Needham, Ms., June 18, 1849. His father Samuel, a teacher, died when William was 12 years old. With but 6 months schooling, he was a suc cessful teacher in Phila. for 6 years. Remov ing to Boston, he engaged zealously in Sun day schools, and was gen. agent of the S.S. Union. He was also engaged in the same cause in Cincinnati and Phila. He was li censed to preach in 1840. He pub. "New- England and Other Poems," 1819, in Phila.; a larger coll. in 1822 and in 1834; an addition al vol. in 1836 ; and a complete edition in 1848 in 4 vols. ; "Poetry of the Heart," 1845 ; " Sa cred and Miscellaneous Poems," 1846 ; "Po etry of Life," 1848; " The Sunday School and Other Poems," 1848; "Late and Early Poems," 1849; "Memoirs of Capt. James Wilson," Phila. 18mo; "Poems and Lyrics," 12mo, 1842 ; " Poet s Tribute," 12mo/1840. Duyc- kindc. Tarbell, JOHN ADAMS, M.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1836), b. Boston, 1811; d. there 21 Jan. 1864. H.U. 1832. He studied medicine in Paris in 1833-5 ; practised in Boston ; became a ho- moeopathist in 1843; became assoc. editor of its Quarterly lieview in 1852 ; also of Dr. Epp s " Domestic Homceopathist ; " and pub. in 1849 the "Pocket Homceopathist," and "Sources of Health," 18.50 ; " Art of Conversing," 1846 "Homoeopathy Simplified," &c., 1856. Tarleton, SIR BANASTRE, a British gen., b. Liverpool, Eng., 21 Aug. 1754 ; d. 23 Jan. 1833. He began to study law, but, on the breaking-out of the Amer. war, purchased a cornetcy of dragoons, and in Dec. 1776 com. the advanced guard of the patrol which cap tured Gen. Lee in N. J. He served with Hcwe and Clinton in the campaigns of 1777-8, and, after the evacuation of Phila., raised and coin., with the rank of lieut.-col., a cavalry corps called the British Legion. This corps accomp. the army to the siege of Charleston, and was constantly in service in the south until the surrender at Yorktown, rendering important service to Lord Cornwallis. 14 April, 1780, Tarleton surprised and defeated Gen. Isaac Huger near Monk s Corner; 29 May, 1780, he surprised Col. Buford at Waxhaw Creek, massacred the entire force, refusing to give quarter; and Tarleton s quarter became a syn- onyme for cruelty. Aug. 16 he was at the battle of Camdeu ; Aug. 18 he attacked and defeated Sumter at Fishing Creek; 20 Nov. he was defeated by Sumter at Blackstocks, on the Tyger River; 17 Jan. 1781, at the head of 1,100 men, he attacked an inferior Amer. force near the Cowpens, under Gen. Morgan, and was signally defeated, and wounded in the hand ; 15 Mar. he was at the battle of Guil- ford Court House ; in June he was despatched to Charlottesville, Va., to capture Gov. Jefter- son and the members of the legisl., but was too late. Present at the battle of Eutaw, and at the capture of Yorktown in Oct. 1781. On his return to Eng. he was made a col. ; was elected to parliament in 1790, and acted with the liberal and reform party ; was made a bar onet in 1818, and attained the rank of a full gen. Tarleton was brave but sanguinary, be low middle size, stout, strong, and heavily built. He pub. " History of the Campaigns of 1780-1," &c.,4to, London, 1787. Tate, GEORGE, admiral Russian navy, b. Lond. June 14, 1745; d. Feb. 17, 1821. George his father (b. Eng^. 1700) was a seaman in the first frigate built in Russia by Peter the Great. He came to Falmouth, Me., with his father, in 1757; was brought up to the sea; entered the Russian navy as lieut. in July, 1770; rendered disting. sendees, particularly at Ismaid, in Dec. 1790, where he was severely wounded; also in the war with Sweden ; and attained the rank of first admiral, and member of the imperial senate. He was in the actions with the Swed ish fleet, July 6, 1788; near Hoghland ia 1789 ; near Oland, on the roadstead at Rcval, May 2, 1790; and June 22 in the Gulf of Wi- borg. Vice-admiral in 1798. Tatham, COL. WILLIAM, engineer and pplit. economist, b. Hutton, Cumberland Co., Eng., 1752; d. Richmond, Va., 22 Feb. 1819. His father was rector of Appleby. In Apr. 1769 he came to Amer., and entered a mercan tile establishment on James River, Va. Serv ing as adj. of militia against, the Indians, he studied their character, and drew up a biog. account of the celebrated warriors, Atakul- lakulla, Oconistoto, Cornstalk, &c. He served in the Va. cavalry under Gen. Nelson, and was T.A.T 893 a vol. in the party that stormed the redoubt at Yorktown, 14 Oct. 1781. In 1780 he compiled with Col. John Todd of Ky. the first regular account of the Western country. He studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1 784 ; established in 1786, with a Mr. Willis, the settlement of Lumbarton, N.C. ; was a member of the N.C. legisl. in 1787; visited his native place in 1789, and again in 1796 ; and in 1801 became supt. of the London docks. Returning in 1805, he was in 1817 a milit. storekeeper in the U.S. senice. This remarkable man, author, soldier, advocate, engineer, and geographer, with all these resources, yet became poor, and, as old age approached, found he had made no provis ion for its infirmities and wants. After freely participating in the festivities of Washington s birthday, he threw himself before a cannon at the instant of its discharge, and was blown to atoms. He pub. a "Memorial on the Civil and Milit. Govt. of the Tennessee Colony ; " " An Analysis of the State of Virginia," Phila. 1790-1; "Case of Kamfer against Haskins," Phila. 1794 ; "Plan for insulating the Metrop olis by means of a Navigable Canal/ Lond.; " Remarks on Inland Canals," Lond. 1 798 ; " Political Economy of Inland Navigation," &c., Lond. 1799; "Two Tracts relating to the Canal between Norfolk and N.C. ; " " Com munications on the Agric. and Commerce of the U.S.," Lond. 1800; "Hist, and Practical Essay on the Culture and Commerce of To bacco," Lond. 1800, &c. See Memoir of Tot- ham, and his Chronicles of the Amer. Indians, in vol. iv. Annual Biog. and Obit., Lond., 1820. Tattnall, GEN. JOSIAH, U.S. senator from Ga. 1796-9; gov. 1801-2; b. Bonaventura, near Savannah, 1762; d. Nassau, New Prov., June 6, 1803. Son of Col. Josiah. He was sent to school at Nassau, but returned to Ga. unknown to his parents. His boyhood was full of ad ventures, and at the age of 18 he joined the army of Gen. Wayne at Ebcnezer. In 1793 he was app. col., and in 1800 a brig.-gen., partici pating extensively in the military affairs of the State, and serving occasionally in the legisl. He also served in 1796 at Louisville in the Gen. Assembly that rescinded the Yazoo act of 1795. Tattnall, JOSIAH, capt. in the Confed. navy, b. near Savannah, Ga., Nov. 1796; d. 14 June, 1S71. Son of the preceding. Midship. Jan. 1,1812; lieut. Apr. 1, 1818; com. Feb. 25, 1838; and capt. in 1850. He first served in " The Constellation," and was in the affair at Craney Island in June, 1813. He served with Perry on the coast of Africa, and with Porter in his exped. against the W. Indian pirates. He participated as com. of " The Spitfire " in the attacks on Tampico, Panuco, and Vera Cruz, in 1847. In 1856-9 he was flag-officer of the E. I. squadron. Resigned his commis sion, obtained a com., and improvised a fleet with which he made an attempt to resist the capture of Port Royal by Flag-OfficerDupont; com. at Norfolk when " The Merrimack " was destroyed, and afterward com. the mosquito fleet at Savannah, Ga. Tayler, JOHN, lieut.-gov. of N.Y. 1813-22, b. N. Y. 4 July, 1742; d. Albany, 19 Mar. 1829. He became a merchant at Albany in . 773 ; superintended the commiss. dept. in the exped. to Canada in 1775; was afterward a member of the Prov. Congress, ard for nearly 40 years a member of the N.Y. legisl. Taylor, ALFRED, commo. U.S.N., b. Va., May 23, 1810. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1825 ; lieut. Feb. 9, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855 ; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. Sept. 27, 1866; app. light house insp. 12 Feb. 1869; attached to frigate " Cumberland " during the Mexican war; com. sloop " Saratoga," 1861 ; com. flagship " Sus- quehanna," Brazil squadron, 1866. Uamersly. Taylor, (JAMES) BAYARD, traveller and author, b. Kennett Square, Chester Co., Pa., Jan. 11, 1825. At 17 he became a printer s apprentice in Westchester, and employed his leisure in study, and writing verses, which in 1844 he coll. in a vol. entitled " Ximena." He made a pedestrian tour in Europe in 1844-6, of which he pub. an account in 1846, entitled " Views Afoot." He next pub. a newspaper at Phoenixville, Pa. He went to N. York at the close of 1847 ; wrote for the Literary World and the Tribune, publishing in 1848 his "Rhymes of Travel ;" in 1849 he became proprietor of a share in the latter journal, with which he has since been connected. " El Dorado, or Adventures in the Path of Empire," depicts his visit to California in 1849. His " Book of Romances, Lyrics, and Songs " ap peared in 1851, in which year he made a long tour in the East, including a journey of 4,000 miles in the interior of Africa. In Oct. 1852 he went from Eng. through Spain to Bombay. Soon after his arrival in China, he was attached to the Amer. legation, and remained in Shang- hae two months ; he then accompanied Com. Perry s squadron to Japan. He reached N.Y. Dec. 20, 1853, having accomplished 50,000 miles of travel. His letters describing the journey were all the while pub. in the Tribune, and since in a series of volumes. He made a fourth tour in 1856-8, and in 1862-3 was sec. of legation to Russia. He has also pub. " Bal lads and Other Poems," 1848; "Poems of the Orient," 1854; "Poems of Home and Travel," 1855; "At Home and Abroad," 1856-62 ; " Hannah Thurston," a novel, 1863 ; "Fortunes of John Godfrey," 1864; "Story of Kennett," 1866; "The Poet s Journal, 5 1862 ; " Picture of St. John," 1866 ; " Colora do, a Summer Trip," 1867; "Frithiof s Saga," 1867; "Byways of Europe," 1869; "The Ballad of Abraham Lincoln," 1869; a new translation of "Faust," 1870; and he has edited a " Cyclopaedia of Modern Travel," 1856. His poem, " The American Legend," was originally delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of H.U. in 1850. Contrib. to many magazines, periodicals, and journals. Taylor, BENJAMIN COOK, D.D. , b. Phila. 1801. N. J. Coll. 1819; R.D. Theol. Setn., N. Brunswick, 1822. Author of "Annals of Bergen, N. J.," 12mo, 1857 ; " Sermon on the 200th Anniv. Ref. D. Church of Bergen, N. J.," 12mo, 1861. Contrib. to Christ . Intel/. Al- libone. Taylor, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, author, and many years editor of the Chicago Eve. Jour., b. Lowville, N.Y., 1822; grad. of Madison U., N.Y., of which his father, Stephen W., waa pres. Author of " Attractions of Language," 894 12mo, 1845 ; "January and June," 12mo, 1853, new ed. 1868 ; also of fugitive poems, papers on army life, articles in the Knickerbocker, &c. He resides at Wheaton, 111. See Poets and Poet n/ of the West. Taylor, CHRISTOPHER, Quaker scholar and preacher, b. near Skipton, Yorkshire, Eng. ; d. Phila. 1686. Originally a Puritan preacher. He became a proselyte of George Fox; was eminent as a minister among the Friends ; and suffered persecution and imprisonment. He also taught a classical school in several places, and emig. from that at Edmonton in Middlesex, in 1682, to Pa. On his arrival he was made a representative in the Assembly ; was a member of the first prov. council, and continued in that office till his death. He also held the place of register-gen., and was one of the justices of Chester Court. He was one of the best schol ars among the early settlers. In 1679 he pub. " Compendium Trium Linguarum." Smith s Del Co. Taylor, EDWARD T. ("Father Taylor"), many years preacher at the Seaman s Bethel, Boston, b. Richmond, Va., 25 Dec. 1794; d. Boston, 5 Apr. 1871. A sailor in his youth, and ord. a Meth. preacher in 1819. His dis courses, filled with quaint nautical phrases, made him famous, and attracted many stran gers. Chaplain to the U.S. frigate sent to Ire land during the famine there, and delivered public addresses at Cork and Glasgow. Adau. m. Hon. Thomas Russell, collector of the port of Boston. Taylor, FITCH WATERMAN, Epis. clergy man and author, b. Middle Haddam, Ct., Aug. 4,1803; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., July 24, 1865. Y.C. 1828. He went to N.Y. in 1820 with a mercantile life in view, but studied for the ministry, and obtained a parish in Md. From 1841 to his death he was a chaplain in the navy. He pub. " The Flag-Ship, giving an account of his voyage round the world in " The Columbia," 2 vols. 1840, and " The Broad Pennant, or History of the Naval War with Mexico," 1848. Taylor, GEORGE, a signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Ireland 1716; d. Easton, Feb. 23, 1781. He arrived in the U.S. penniless in 1736, but, having received a good education, rose from the condition of a laborer in the iron foundry of Mr. Savage, at Durham, Pa. (who paid the expenses of his voyage over), to the station of his clerk, and subsequently m. his widow. After acquiring a handsome fortune, he estab lished iron-works on the Lehigh, Northumber land Co. In 1764 he was elected to the Col. Assembly, where he soon became prominent ; member of the Prov. Assembly 5 consecutive years, and in 1770 was made judge of the county court, and col. of militia; in Oct. 1775 he was again elected to the Prov. Assembly, and was active in promoting Revol. measures. The action of some of the members of the Cont. Congress in refusing their assent to the Decl. of Indep. led to the election of new members, July 20, 1776, of whom he was one. He sub sequently negotiated a treaty with several of the Indian tribes on behalf* of the U.S., and March, 1777, retired from Congress, and re moved to Delaware. Taylor, GEORGE, lawyer and M.C. 857-9. b. Wheeling, Va., Oct. 19, 1820. Received a liberal education ; studied medicine, and sub sequently the law; was adm. to the bar in 1840; practised in Ind. ; removed to Ala. in 1844, and in 1848 removed to New York. Ho pub. in 1851 "Indications of the Creator," a vol. of collected addresses and lectures, and has also written much in behalf of popular education. Lanman. Taylor, GEN. GEORGE W., b. Clinton, N. J., 1808; d. Alexandria, Va., Sept. 1, 1862, of wounds received at the second battle of Bull Run. At 19 he entered the navy as a midship man, but after 3 years service settled as a farmer in N. J. In the Mexican war he was a lient. and afterward a capt. in the 10th Inf. After the war, he resided 3 years in Cal. ; then en gaged in mining and manuf. in N. J., and in June, 1861, was made col. 3d N. J. Regt., which, under Gen. Runyon, formed a part of the reserve at Bull Run. Attached to the Army of the Potomac when it went to the Peninsula, Col. Taylor took charge of the 1st brigade of N. J. Vols. May 9, 1862, he was made brig.-gcn. He took a manful part in the severe fighting before Richmond, and also in the battles under Gen. Pope near Manassas. Taylor, JACOB, surv.-gen. of Pa., and a schoolmaster and physician ; d. 1736. Author of "Pennsylvania," a poem, pub. in 1728 ; and wrote poetry for almanacs which he prepared for publication. See Titan s Almanac, 1730. Taylor, GEN. JAMES, b. Midway, Va., Apr. 19, 1769; d. Newport, Ky., Nov. 7,1848. His ancestor James emig. to E. Va. in 1692. His father was the cousin of Pres. Zachary. He emig. to Ky. in 1792, and served with dis tinction during the war of 1812 as quarterm.- gen. of the N.W. army under Gen. Hull. He was one of the largest landed proprietors in the West. Taylor, COL. JOHN, U.S. senator 1792-4, 1803, and 1822-4, b. Orange Co., Va. ; d. Caro line Co., Va., Aug. 20, 1824. Wm. and M. Coll. 1 770. Mover of the celebrated resolutions of 1798-9 in the h. of del. of Va. He did much towards advancing the science of agriculture in his native State, and was ever forward in pro moting objects conducive to the public good. He pub. "Construction Construed," 8vo, 1820; "An Inquiry into the Principles of the Govt. of the U.S.," 1814; "Avatar," a series of agric. essays, 12mo, 1818; "Tyranny Un masked," 8vo, 1822; "New Views of the Con stitution of the U.S.," 8vo, 1823. Taylor, JOHN, Baptist preacher, b. Fau- quier Co., Va., 1752; d. Franklin Co., Ky., 1835. Author of "History of Ten Baptist Churches," &c., 12mo, 1826 or 1827; and of a pamphlet, "Thoughts on Missions." - Spragiie. Taylor, JOHN, statesman of S.C., b. 1770; d. 1832. N.J. Coll. 1790. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1793, but turned his attention chiefly to planting. He was some years in the State legisl. ; M.C. 1807-9 and 1817-21 ; U.S. senator 1810-16 ; gov. 1826-8 ; trustee of the S.C. Coll. in 1806 ; State scnatoi in 1810 and 22. He was also at one time re ceiver of public moneys in Mpi. Territory. 895 Taylor, JOHN Louis, jurist, b. London, Mar. 1, 1769; d. Jan. 29, 1829. Brought to this country at the age of 12 by his brother. He studied law, and settled in Fayetteville, N.C. He was often a member of the State legisl. ; filled for a short time the office of atty.-gen. ; was in 1793 elected a judge of the Superior Court of Law and Equity, and was in 1810 app. chief justice. A vol. of his reports, 1 799- 1602, was. pub. Newbern, 8vo, 1802; another, 1316-18, at Raleigh, 1818; "Charge to the Grand Jury of Edgecombe Sup. Court, 1817," 8vo, 1817. Taylor, JOHN NEILSON, regal writer, b. N. J. 1805. N. J. Coll. 1824. Lawyer in N.Y. City since 1825. Author of "Treatise on Landlord and Tenant/ 8vo, 1844 and 1869; "Law of Executors and Administrators," 12mo, 1851. Taylor, JOHN W., lawyer and M.C., b. Saratoga Co., N.Y., 1784; d. Cleveland, O., Sept. 1 8, 1854. Un. Coll. 1803. He studied law in Albany; was in 1811 elected to the State legisl. ; M.C. 1813-33 ; speaker, Nov. 13, 1820- Mar. 3, 1821 (during the passage of the Mo. Compromise, against which he made an elo quent speech), and again in 1825-7 ; and State senator 1841-3. In Sept. 1843 he removed to Cleveland, Ohio. Taylor, JOSEPH PENUEL, commiss.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ky.; d. Washington, D.C., June 29, 1864. Bro. of Pres. Taylor. App. lieut. of inf. May 20, 1813 ; capt. July, 1825; com missary (rank of major), July 7, 1838; assist, com.-gen. Nov. 30, 1841 ; brev. col. for services in the Mexican war in May, 1848; commiss.- gen. Sept. 29, 1861 ; brig.-gen. and commiss.- gen. U.S.A. Feb. 9, 1863. Taylor, NATHANIEL WILLIAM, D.D., D wight prof, of didactic theol. in Y.C., b. New Milford, June 23, 1786; d. New Haven, Ct., Mar. 10, 1858. Y.C. 1807. Grandson of Rev. Nathaniel. He studied theol., and from April 8, 1812, to Nov. 1823, when he was app. to his professorship, he was pastor of the First Cong. Church in New Haven, during which time he acquired the reputation of being one of the ablest and soundest divines in N. Eng. His talent for theological discussion was shown in a series of articles upon the Unitarian contro versy in the Monthly Christian Spectator. In theology, Dr. Taylor was in the main a disci ple of Edwards and Dwight, adopting the Cal- vinistic theory as modified by the Edwardses. 4 vols. of his works have been pub. 1858-60. See Allibone, and Memorial ofN. W. Taylor, D.D., 8vo, New Haven, 1858. Taylor, OLIVER ALDEN, minister and au thor, b. Yarmouth, Ms., 18 Aug. 1801 ; d. Manchester, Ms., Dec. 18, 1851. Un. Coll. 1325; And. Theol. Sem. 1829. Minister of Manchester, Ms., from 1839 till his death. In 1 836 he taught sacred literature in the Andover Sem. He pub. articles in the Biblical Reposi tory and many other journals ; " Brief Views of the Saviour," 1835; " The Music of the He brews," a translation; "Memoirs ofReinhard," 1832; "Memoir of Andrew Lee," 1844; also some poetical pieces ; Reinhard s " Plan of the Founder of Christianity," 1831; "Catalogue of the Library of And. Theol. Sem.," 1838. A number of his poetical pieces were pub. from 1820 to 1828. His Memoir, by his brother Rev. T. A. Taylor, was pub. in 1853. Taylor, RICHARD, capt. in the Va. navy of the Revol., b. Va. 1747; d. Oldham Co., Ky., 1825. ^ Pension of $300 Sept. 3, 1816, for wound received while commanding flotilla in the Chesapeake. Taylor, GEN. RICHARD, son of President Zachary Taylor, b. Florida. Chosen col. 9th La. Vols. in 1861, he com. that regt. at the bat tle of Bull Run ; made brig.-gen. 21 Oct. 1861 ; served under Stonewall Jackson in Va., and was promoted to maj.-gen. ; in 1863-4 served with Gen. E. Kirby Smith in the Trans-Mpi. dept., and defeated Gen. Banks in his Red-river exped. at Sabine Cross-Roads, and was in turn defeated at Pleasant Hill; Sept. 10, 1864, he assumed the com. of the dept. of E. Louisiana at Mobile; and May 4, 1865, surrendered to Gen. Canby. He resides in La. One of his sisters married Jefferson Davis. Taylor, RICHARD COWLING, scholar and geologist, b. Hinton, Suffolk, Eng., Jan. 18, 1789 ; d. Phila. Nov. 26, 1851. He became die ting, as an antiquary and geologist, and pub a number of works on those subjects. In July. 1830, he emig. to Phila. Among his pubs, in that city were treatises on the Geology and Nat. Hist, of the North-east Extremity of the Alleghany Mts., and a Supplement to a Nat. Hist, of Birds of the Alleghany Range. He made surveys of different coal-fields ; and his most important work was that pub. in 1848, entitled the " Statistics of Coal," an octavo vol. of 754 pages. He pub. in Eng., in 1821, an " Index Monasticus," in the ancient kingdom of Anglia ; also a very complete " General In dex to Dugdale s Monasticon Anglicanum " (fol. 1830), "Geology of East Anglia," 1827, 8vo. Taylor, GEN. ROBERT BARXARD, b. Va. 24 March, 1774; d. Norfolk, Va., 13 Apr. 1834. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1793. Brig.-gen. Va. militia; com. in defence of Norfolk 1813- 14; brig.-gen. U.S.A. 19 July, 1813. He was an eminent lawyer ; member of the Va. Assem bly 1798-9 ; of the Const. Conv. 1829-30 ; and was judge of the Gen. Court of Va. 1831-4. Taylor, SAMUEL HARVEY, LL.D. (B.U. 1851), classical scholar, b. Londonderrv, N.H., Oct. 3, 1807; d. Andover 29 Jan. 1871. Dartm. Coll. 1832; And. Sem. 1837. Tutor at Dartm. 1836-7 ; principal of Phillips And. Acad. from Sept. 1 837 to his death ; one of the editors of the " Bibliotkeca. Sacra " from 1852. Has pub. " Method of Classical Study," 1861, and some Latin and Greek school-books. He was without a superior as a classical in structor, and made Phillips Acad. the most celebrated preparatory school in the country. Taylor, STEPHEN WILLIAM, LL.D. ( 1 851 ), educator, b. Adams, Ms., Oct. 23, 1791 ; d. Hamilton, N.Y., Jan. 7, 1856. Ham. Coll. 1817. He taught 14 years the Black-river Acad. at Lowville, Lewis Co. ; was 3 years teacher of a family school ; in 1 834 took charge of the preparatory dept. of the Hamilton Insti tution, now Madison U., where, from 1838 to 1845, he was prof, of math, and nat. philos. ; then aided in establishing the university at 896 Lewisburg, of which he was 5 years pres. ; and from 1851 to his death was pres. of Madi son U., which he brought from a depressed to a highly -flourishing condition. He left an hist, sketch of this university, some inaugural and baccalaureate addresses, and a series of es says on the theory of education, pub. in the Christian Chronicle, Phila. Taylor, THOMAS HOUSE, D.D., rector of Grace Church, New York, from 1834 to his d. 9 Sept. 1867, b. Georgetown, S.C., 18 Oct. 1799. Received his education in S.C. ; was an elegant preacher, and held high rank as a writer and debater among the Episcopal clergy. Author of Sermons, 1846-67, 8vo, N.Y. 1869. Taylor, VIRGIL CORTDON, author of a new musical notation entitled " Taylor s In dex Staff," b. Barkhamsted, Ct., 1817. Has pub. " Sacred Ministrel," 1846 ; " The Lute or Musical Instructor," 1847 ; " Choral Anthems," 1850 ; " The Golden Lyre," 1850 ; " The Con- cordia," 1S51 ; "The Chime," 1854; "The Celestina," 1856 : " The Song Festival," 1858 ; "The Enchanter," 1861; "The Concertina," 1864; "The Praise-Offering," 1868. All! bone. Taylor, GEN. WALLER, d. Lunenburg, Va., 26 Aug. 1826. Maj. and aide to Gen. Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe 7 Nov. 1811 ; U.S. senator from Ind. 1816-25; and a man of much literary culture. Taylor, WILLIAM ROGERS, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Newport, R.I., Apr. 1, 1811. Son of Capt. W. V. Midshipm. Apr. 1, 1828; lieut. Feb. 10, 1840; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 25, 1866; rear-adm." Jan 1871. Attached to the sloop " St. Mary s " during Mexican war ; engaged at. Tampico Bar, June 8 and 15, 1846; at the siege of Vera Cruz, com. a gun in the naval battery ; com. steam-sloop " Housatonic," S. All. block, squad., 1862-3. Senior officer off Charleston when attacked by Confed. rams " Chocura " and "Palmetto;" present as fleet-capt. with Adm. Dahlgren during all the operations against Morris Island in July, 1863; was in the battle with Forts Wagner and Sum- ter, July 10, and again July 19, 1863; com steam-sloop " Juniata," N. Atl. block, squad., 1 864-5, and in both attacks on Fort Fisher. Hamcrslf/. Taylor, WILLIAM VIGNERON, capt. U.S.N., b. Newport, R.I., 1781; d. 11 Feb. 1 858. His maternal ancestor. Dr. N. F. Vigne- ron, settled in Newport in 1690, and d. 1764. He went to sea before the mast ; became a capt. in the merch. service ; was app. sailing-master US.N. 28 Apr. 1813; lieut. 9 Dec. 1814; master com. 3 Mar. 1831 ; capt. 8 Sept. 1841. He did good service in equipping Com. Perry s fleet on Lake Erie, and was conspicuous in the victory, navigating " The Lawrence," Perry s flag-ship, into and during the fight. His last service was in com. of " The Ohio " (74) on a cruise to the Pacific in 1847. Father of Adm. Wm. R. Taylor, U.S.N., and of Capt. O. H. P. TAYLOR, U.S.A., who was killed by Indians in Wash. Terr., 17 May, 1858, a. 30. Taylor, ZACHARY, 12th pres. of the U.S., b. Oranye Co., Va., Sept. 24, 1784 ; d. Wash ington, D.C., July 9, 1850. His father RICH ARD was col. 9th Va. Regt. in the Revolution ; was disting. in the Indian wars ; was one of the framers of the Const, of Ivy., where he had settled in 1785 ; and d. Louisville, Ky., Jan. 19, 1829, a. 83. Zachary was scantily educated, and until his 24th year was engaged in the la bors of his father s plantation. May 3, 1808, he was made 1st lieut. 7th Inf. ; capt. Nov. 1810. For his gallantry in repelling an Indian attack on Fort Harrison, a stockade on the Wabash River (Sept. 5, 1812), he received thebrev. rank of major, the first instance in the service of this species of promotion. He took part in the successful exped. of Gen. Hopkins against the Indians, and in. 1814, with the rank of major, com. an exped. against the British and Indians on Rock River. App. maj. 3d Inf. May, 1816 ; lieut.-col. Apr. 20, 1819; col. 1st Inf. Apr. 1832 ; brev. brig.-gen. June, 1838 ; brev. maj.- gen. May 28, 1846 ; maj.-gen. June 29, 1846. In 1832 he was engaged in the Black Hawk war ; in 1836 he was ordered to Florida ; Dee. 25, 1837, he defeated the Scminoles at Okecho- bee in a decisive battle ; and in April, 1838, was made com.-in-chief in Florida. App. in 1840 to the com. of the army in the South-west, he purchased an estate at Baton Rouge, to which he removed his family. On the annexation of Texas in 1845, he was ordered to the frontier; marched to the Rio Grande in March, 1846 ; gained the battles of Palo Alto (May 8) and Resaca de la Palma (May 9) ; took posses sion of Matamoras, May 18 ; captured Monte rey, Sept. 24 ; and Feb. 21, 1847, defeated the Mexicans under Santa Ana at Buena Vista, notwithstanding their immense superiority in numbers. By this decisive victory, the reputa tion of Gen. Taylor, already great, was im mensely enhanced. He was remarkable for his cafe of his men, and for his readiness to expose himself to danger. He received the thanks of Congress and a gold medal for his victories in Mexico, and from his soldiers the sobriquet of " Old Rough and Ready." Nomi nated to the pres. at the Whig Conv. at Phila. June 1, 1848, he received in the following Nov. 163 electoral votes against 127 for his opponent Cass. Inaug. March 5, 1849, his administra tion is memorable as the period in which the antagonism between the free and slave States reached a crisis that seriously threatened the Union, a crisis avoided by a compromise. He succumbed to an attack of bilious fever a few months after his inaug. ; and the executive power devolved on Vice-Pres. Fillmore. Plain ness and simplicity were the characteristics of his manners and appearance. His son Richard became a Confed. gen. A dau. m. Jefferson Davis. Tazewell, HENRY, statesman and jurist, b. Brunswick Co., Va., 1753; d. Phila. Jan 24, 1799. His ancestor Wm. came from Som ersetshire in 1715, and engaged in the practice of law. He lost his father (Little-ton) in early life. Became a student of Wm. and Mary Coll., and studied law with his uncle John Tazewell (clerk of the State conv. of June, 1776, who d. at Williamsburg 1781), and was adm. to the bar. In 1775 he was a member of the h. of burgesses, and in the conv. of June, 1776, was placed on the com. which reported the decl. of rights and the Constitution. In the h. of 897 TEL dvYcir.ies to which he was regularly returned i; it:! cicvared to the bench, he displayed great ta fetus. At the bar he long enjoyed a lartre and lucrative practice, but in 1785*was elected to a sear, on the bench, and consequently be came a member of the first Court of App eals. He was elected to the Court of Appeals in. 1793 ; and from 1794 to his death he was in the U.S. senate, over which he pres. in 1795. He bore in that body a disting. part in the discus sions on the British treaty, and performed with unqualified applause the office of a leader in the Repub. party. He was a friend of religious freedom, and as a State politician approved the abolition of primogeniture and entails, and the separation of the Church from the State. He was remarkably prepossessing in his personal appearance. Grigsby. Tazewell, LITTLETON WALKER, gov. of Va. in 1834-6 ; b. Williamsburg, Va., 17 Dec. 1774 ; d. Norfolk, Va., May 6, 1860. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1791. Sou of the preceding. He studied law under John Wickham of Richmond, and began practice at Williamsburg in 1796. He was in the State legisl. in 1798,. He moved to Norfolk in 1801, and acquired a large and lucrative practice; M.C. 1800-1 ; U.S. senator 1824-33. In 1820 he was one of the commiss. under the Fla. treaty ; in the senate he was a strong sympathizer with the nullification movements, and a zealous advocate of all Southern political measures ; in 1829 he de clined the mission to London. Author of a " Review of the Negotiations between the U.S. and Great Britain respecting the Commerce of the Two Countries," &c., Lond. 8vo, 1829 ; contrib. under the signature Senex to the Nor folk Herald in 1827. See Discourse on his Life by Hugh B. Grigsby, LL.D., 8vo, 1860. Tecumseh, chief of the Shawnees, b. near Springfield, O., ab. 1770; killed in the battle of the Thames, C.W., Oct. 5, 1813. He first appears in a fight with Ky. troops on the Mad River when he was ab. 20, and was said to have run at the first fire ; yet, in the war end ing at the treaty of Greenville in 1795, he was noted as one of the boldest and most active of the Indian warriors. Ab. 1804 he projected with his bro. Elskwatawa, the " Prophet," the union of all the Western Indians for the ex tirpation of the whites. He visited all the tribes on the W. bank of the Mpi., on Lakes Superior, Huron, and Michigan ; the Prophet assuming to be commiss. to the Indians from the Great Spirit, and preaching against the influence of the white men. They had in 181 1 gathered at Tippecanoe, on the Wabash, a force of several hundred warriors, which Gov. Harri son, in the battle of Tippecanoe, Nov. 7, 1811, completely defeated. Tecumseh s plan was not yet m atured, and this battle ruined it. He next sought the alliance of the English, and, with the rank of brig.-gen., com. all the Indians who co-operated with the English in the cam paigns of 1812-13 ; was present in every impor tant engagement previous to that of the Thames ; and was conspicuous in the skirmishes preced ing Hull s surrender at Detroit. In the bat tle on the Thames, near the Moravian towns, he com. the right wing, the only part of the forces engaged. The Indians were driven back ; 57 but Tecumseh rushed forward where the fire was hottest, and fell The statement that he was killed by Col. R. M. Johnson is not now credited. A Life of Tecumseh, and his bro. the Prophet, was written by Benjamin Drake of Cincinnati in 1841. Tefft, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, D.D. (of Wesl. U. of Ohio, 1846), LL.D. (of Madison U. of N. Y. 1852), clergyman, b. Floyd, OueidaCo., N.Y., Aug. 20, 1813. Wesl. "U. 1835. After leaving college, he devoted 4 years to legal, metaphysical, and historical studies. He was in 1839-41 pastor of a M. E. church at Bangor, Me.; in 1841 pres. of a classical sem. at Providence, R.I. ; and after one year s residence in Boston he was for 3 years prof, of Greek and Hebrew in the Indiana Asbury U. ; in 1846 he became general editor of the books and magazines of the Meth. book concern at Cincinnati ; and in 1851-4 was pres. of Genesee Coll., N.Y. ; pastor at Bangor, Me., 1858-61 ; U.S. consul and acting minister at Stockholm, 1862; commiss. of emigration for Me. to the north of Europe, 1864 ; since 1866 pastor M. E. Church, Portland, Me. He has pub. " The Shoulder-Knot, or Sketches of the Threefold Life of Man," 1850 ; " Hungary and Kossuth," 1851; "Methodism Successful"," 1859; " Web ster and his Masterpieces," 2 vols. 1854; ora tion on " Life and Character of Webster," 1 852 ; " The Northern Harp," a poem, 183S ; "Pris on-Life," and an Analysis of Butler s Analogy. Tefft, THOMAS ALEXANDER, architect and monetarian, b. Richmond, R. I., 3 Aug. 1826; d. Florence, Italy, 12 Dec. _1859. B.tJ. 1851. After studying architecture in Providence, and furnishing designs for many private and public edifices, he in 1856 visited Europe to perfect himself in the art, and to diffuse his ideas of a unified currency for all nations, upon which subject he read a paper before the Brit. Insti tute of Social Science. The principal features of his plan were after his d. incorporated into a plan agreed upon by an international conf. at Paris, at which 19 nations were represented, in 1867. He pub. "Our Deficiency in Art Education," Prov. 1852; "Universal Curren cy," &c., Lond. and Edinb. 1853; papers on architecture in the N. Y. Crayon, and Letters from Europe in the N. Y. Times, 1857-8. Memoir by E. M. Stone, Prov., 1869. Telfair, EDWARD, gov. of Ga. 1786 and 1790-3, b. Scotland 1735; d. Savannah 17 Sept. 1807. Educated at Kirkcudbright gram mar-school. He came to Amer. at 23 as agent of a mere, house, and resided some time in Va. He removed to Halifax, N.C., and in 1766 to Savannah, where he was a merchant. An ac tive promoter of the Revol., he served on many of the committees of the time, and was one of the party that broke open the magazine at Savannah, and removed the powder ; delegate to the Old Congress in 1778 and 1780-3 ; and in 1783 was one of the commiss. to make a treaty with the Cherokees. THOMAS, his son (N.J. Coll. 1805; M.C. 1813-17), d. Savan nah, Apr. 1818. Tellier , VERY REV. REMIGITJS JOSEPH, su perior of the Jesuits in N.Y., Canada, and of the Indians of the Lakes, b. Soissons, France, 1 796 ; d. St. Mary s Coll., Montreal, 7 Jan. 1866. TEM. He entered the society 11 Oct. 1818; was rec tor of Chamberry Coll., and in 1842 was sent to Canada. He officiated 2 years at La Prai rie ; founded the Church of St. Patrick, Mon treal ; was 3 years stationed in U.C. ; was prefect of studies, and pres. of St. Francis Xavier Coll., and afterward at St. John s Coll., Fordham, N.Y. Made superior of his order in 1859, and returned to Montreal. Temple, DANIEL, missionary to Malta, b. Reading, Ms., 1790; d. there Aug. 9, 1851. Dartm. 1817; And. Sem. 1820. He was a shoemaker until 21. Having been an agent for the Amer. Board of Missions a year, he was ord.iu 1821; went to Malta in 1822; in 1833-44 was at Smyrna ; was afterward an agent of the board, preaching in various places ; and was settled in Phelps, N.Y., in 1847-9. He took a printing-press to the East, and pub. books in the modern Greek, Italian, and Armenian lan guages ; wrote many Scripture histories ; and edited a magazine in Greek. His Life and Letters by his son, Rev. D. H. Temple, with introd. by R. S. Storrs, D.D., was pub., Bost. 1855, 12mo. Temple, Sin JOHN, 8th bart., b. Boston, 1731 ; d. New York, Nov. 17, 1798. He suc ceeded Sir Richard (commiss. of the royal navy in 1761, afterward commiss. of the revenue at New York), who d. Nov. 15, 1786, without issue. Sir John m. a dau. of Gov. Bowdoin, and was agent and consul-gen, of Great Britain to the U.S. Betham; Alden. Temple, WILLIAM, gov. Delaware 1846, b. Q. Anne Co., Md., Feb. 28, 1815; d. Smyrna, Del., 28 May, 1863. A merchant at Smyrna. A member and speaker of the legisl. in 1844; member of the State senate 1845-54 ; and mem ber elect of the 38th Congress when he died. Ten Broeck, GEN. ABRAHAM, b. Albany, May 13, 1734; d. there Jan. 19, 1810. His father Dirck was many years recorder, and then mayor, of Albany. He began business as a merchant in 1753, and m. Elizabeth, dau. of Gen. Stephen Van Rensselaer; member Col. Assembly 1761-75, and of the Prov. Congress and conv. which organized a State govt. in 1777, and pres. of the conv.; June 25, 1778- 1781, brig.-gen. of Albany militia; com. a brigade at the battle of Bemis Heights, Oct. 1777; State senator 1780-3 ; mayor of Albany 1779-83, and first judge Albany County 1781- 94. Hough s Northern Invasion. Ten Eick, ABRAHAM S., capt. U.S.N., b. N.Y. 1787; d. 28 Mar. 1844; midshipm. 11 Sept. 1811; Kent. 27 Apr. 1816; com. 9 Feb. 1837; capt. 10 Dec. 1843; in the action be tween the frigates "U. States" and "Mace donian," 25 Oct. 1812. Tennent, GILBERT, an eminent preacher, b. Armagh, Ireland, Feb. 5, 1703 ; d. 23 July, 1 764. Son of William, a Prcsb. minister, who came to this country in 1718, and settled near Phila., where he opened an acad. for the edu cation of students in divinity, and d. ab. 1743. The son assisted in the direction of this estab lishment, and, after having studied medicine as well as theology, was in 1726 ord. pastor of a cong. at New Brunswick. In 1740 and 41 he travelled through N. Eng. at the request of Whitelield, and preached in many places with great success. He was one of the most ron- spicuous ministers of his day, ardent in his zeal, forcible in his reasoning, and bold and passionate in his addresses to the conscience and the heart. He affected eccentricity in his preaching^ entering the pulpit on his New-Eng land tour in an overcoat bound with a leathern girdle, and with long hair. Notwithstanding his zeal and success as a missionary, a party was formed against him, and he was accused of immorality. To a hostile pamphlet, called " The Examiner," he replied with the " Exam incr Examined." This controversy occasioned the convocation of a synod in 1741 ; but no decision on the points in dispute took place Tennent, with a view to conciliation, pub. a remarkable work under the title of" The Peace of Jerusalem." In 1743 he founded a Prcsb church at Phila., and subsequently travelled through some of the States as a missionary. In 1753 he went to Eng. to solicit benefac tions to the college of Princeton. Among his other pubs, are an account of a revival of re ligion in 1744, and on the success of the exped. against Louisburg; discourses on several sub jects, 12mo, 1745; "On the Lawfulness of Defensive War," 1747; "On the Consistency of Defensive War with True Christianity ; " Defensive War Defended ; " and " Sermons on Important Subjects," 8vo, 1758; xxiii. Ser mons, Phila., 8vo, 1744. Tennent, WILLIAM, clergyman, bro. of the preceding, b. Antrim Co., Ireland, Jan. 3, 1705; d. Freehold, N. J., Mar. 8, 1777. N. J. Coll. 1758. He came to America with his father s family in 1718, and studied theology under his bro. at N. Brunswick, lie had nearly completed the course when his health failed, and he fell into a catalepsy, or trance, and for several days appeared as if dead, his body being cold and stiff. His physician, who was also his particular friend, perceiving some slight symptoms of vitality, refused to consent to his burial ; and, although his friends were satisfied he was dead, his funeral was postponed 3 days, and subsequently for several hours, efforts for his resuscitation being finally suc cessful. His recovery was slow and painful ; all previous knowledge was forgotten ; and he had to be taught reading, writing, and all things, as a newborn child. At length he felt a sudden shock in his head, and by degrees his recollection was restored. He told his friends, that, at the time of his apparent death, he found himself in heaven in the presence of an inde scribable glory, and of an innumerable host of happy worshippers, and heard songs of praise which were unutterable. When about to join the throng, a heavenly messenger s,-iid to hiiu, "You must return to the earth." At t. ie shock of this news he opened his eyes, and, finding himself in the world, fainted. For 3 years, he said, the recollection of what he hr.d seen and heard was so intense as to make earthly things seem worthless Oct. 25, 1733, he Avas ord. at Freehold, Monmouth Co., N. J., as successor of his bro. John, and continued pas tor 44 years. He pub. a few occasional ser mons. A Memoir, giving a very full account of his trance, was prepared and pub. by Judge Elias Boudinot, N.Y., 18mo, 1847. TEN" 899 TER Tenney, JOHN S., LL.D., an able lawyer, chief justice of Me. 1856-63, b. N.H. 1789 ; d. Norridgewock, Me., 23 Aug. 1869. Bowd. Coll. 1816. Tenney, SAMUEL, M.D., physician and physicist, b. Byfield, Ms., Nov. 27, 1748; d. Exeter, Feb. 6, 1816. H.U. 1772. After teach ing school one year at Andover, he studied medicine with Dr. Kittredge ; went in 1775 to commence practice at Exeter, but, joining the army on the day of the battle of Bunker s Hill, continued in service as a surgeon during the war. After serving one year in the Ms. line, he entered that of K.I. ; was present at Saratoga and Yorktown; and was a volunteer at Red Bank, where he dressed the wounds of Donop, the Hessian commander. After the war, he m. and settled at Exeter, but did not resume prac tice. In 1788 he was a member of the State Const. Conv. ; judge of probate for Rocking- ham Co. in 1793-1800; and M.C. in 1800-7. Member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, to whose Memoirs he contrib. an account of the celebrated Saratoga mineral-waters and his " Theory of Prismatic Colors." For the Ms. Hist. Society he furnished an account of Exe ter, and a notice of the "dark day," May 19, 1780, and for the Ms. Agric. Soc. a much-ap proved treatise on orcharding. He pub. many political essays in the neAvspapers, and particu larly in 1788 in favor of the Federal Constitu tion. In 1811 he pub. in the N.Y. Med. Re pository "An Explanation of Certain Curious Phenomena in the Heating of Water." TABI- PHA his wife, dan. of Samuel Oilman, m. in 1788 (b. Exeter, N.H., 1762; d. there 2 May, 1837), was the author of ".Adventures of Dor- asina Sheldon, or Female Quixotism " (2d ed. Newburyport, 12mo, 1808), and "The New Pleasing Instructor." Tenney, WILLIAM JEWETT, editor, b. Newport, R.I., 1811. Y. C. 1832. He com pleted and indexed Benton s Abridgment of the Debates of Congress; has edited Apple- ton s Annual Cyclop. ; was co-editor N. Y. Jour, of Commerce, 1841, and N.Y. Evening Post, 1 842-3 and 1847-8, Mining Magazine, N.Y., 1853-60, 8 vols. 8vo ; contrib. to Hunt s Merc/ds. Mag. Author of the "Milit. and Naval History of the Rebellion," 8vo, 1865; "Grammatical Analysis," 1866. Allibone. Terhune, MARY VIRGINIA (" MARION HARLAND "), novelist, b. Va. Her father, Sam. P. Hawes of Dorchester, is a merchant of Richmond, and a descendant of the Puritans : her mother is a descendant of the earliest set tlers of Va. At 14 she began to contrib. to a weekly city journal. A fugitive sketch written at 16, entitled "Marrying through Prudential Motives/ was copied from Godeifs Lady s Book into an English paper, thence transferred to a Parisian journal, retranslated for another English periodical, and finally copied in Amer ica, and extensively circulated as an English story. In 1854 she pub. " Alone," a highly-suc cessful novel, under the asssumed name of Marion Harland ; the " Hidden Path " followed in 1856; "Moss Side "in 1857; "Husbands and Homes," " Nemesis," " Sunnybank," 1866; "Christmas Holly," 1867; "Ruby s Husband," 1868; "Common Sense in the Household," a book of domestic receipts, 1871 In 1856 she m. Rev. E. P. Terhune, pastor of a Va. church, who in 1859 became pastor of the Dutch Ref. Church in Newark, New Jer sey. Ternant, CHEVALIER JEAN DE, a French officer, who served in the Amer. Re vol. army; d. Conches, Normandy, 1816. In Apr. 1778 he was app. one of Steuben s sub-inspectors (rank major); Sept. 25, 1778. he was made lieut.-col. and inspector of the troops in S.C. and Ga. ; was taken prisoner at Charleston in 1780; was afterwards exchanged, and, having temporarily filled the place of Col. Armand, resumed his duties in the south. He was a col. during the wars of the French revol. ; and was ambassador to the U.S. in 1790-3. Ter- nant was a man of decided ability and remark able accomplishments. See Kapp s Life of Steuben. Ternaux (teY-nd ) Compans, HENRI, nephew of Baron Guillaume Louis; d. Dec. 1864. Has pub. 2 series of 10 vols. each of " Voyages, Relations, et MeJnoires," from inedited Spanish MSS., relating to the discovery and conquest of America, a work of inestimable value (Paris, 1836-40); " Bibliotheque Ame ri- caine, 1493-1700" (8vo, Paris, 1837); and various other works. Ternay, CHARLES LEWIS D ARSAC DE, a French admiral ; d. Newport, R.I., Dec. 15, 1780, a. 58. He was descended from an ancient and noble family of Bretagne, and en tered the service in 1738. He invaded New foundland in 1 762 in com. of a squadron ; landed at St. John s June 2, reduced the place, and captured several vessels; resigned in 1772, and till 1779 was gov. of Bourbon and the adjacent isles. In 1780 he was ordered with a fleet to the U.S., carrying Rochambeau s army, and arrived at Newport, July 10, 1780, but died shortly afterward. Terrell, DR. WILLIAM, M. C. from Ga. 1817-21; d. Sparta, Ga., July 4, 1855. He was frequently a member of the State legisl. ; took great interest in the promotion of agricul tural science; and in 1853 gave $20,000 for the establishment of an agric. professorship in the U. of Georgia. Terrill, GEN. WILLIAM R., b. Va. 1832 ; killed at the battle of Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. West Point, 1853. 2d lieut. 4th Art. 4 Nov. 1853 ; was in the Florida war 1856-7 ; 1st lieut. 31 Mar. 1856 ; capt. 5th Art. 14 May, 1861. He then raised a regt. of vols., was sent to Ky., com. a battery in Gen. McCook s divis ion, was assigned to com. a brigade in Gen. BuelPs army, and was chief of art. 2d division, and, for his bravery and ability at the battle of Shiloh, was made brig.-gen of vols. Sept. 9 1862. Terry, ALFRED HOWE, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Hartford, Ct., Nov. 10, 1827. Educated at Y.C., from which he received an hon. deg. in 1865; studied law; was adm. to the bar in 1848; was clerk of the N. Haven Co. Courts from June, 1854, to June, 1860. He had com. the N. Haven Co. (2d Regt.) since 1854, and in Apr. 1861 led it to the field, serving at Bull Run, retiring in good order when the clay wag lost, bringing up the rear in the retreat, and TER 900 saving a large amount of govt. property. He then raised the 7th Ct. Regt., which was at tached to the exped. under Gen. T. W. Sher man ; Nov. 7 it occupied the captured fort on Hilton Head ; was employed in the investment jf Fort Pulaski, and on its capture was placed in charge of it. During the summer of 1862 ne had com. of the posts and forts on the At lantic coasts of Florida. Made brig.-gen. Mar 24, 1862, and led a brigade in the battle of Pocotaligo; com. div. 10th corps, and engaged in the operations in Charleston harbor; also in Army of the James, and engaged at Drury s Bluff, Bermuda Hundred, Deep Bottom, siege of Petersburg, actions of Newmarket and Wil- liamsburg Roads ; com. 10th corps May to Dec. 1864; Jan. 15, 1865, at the head of the 1st div. 24th corps, aided by the fleet of Com. Porter, he carried by assault Fort Fisher, ending Con- fed, supremacy in Cape-Fear River ; maj.-gen. of vols. and brig.-gen. U.S.A. Jan. 15, 1865 ; com. corps, and engaged in the capture of Wil mington, N.C., and action of North-east Creek, N.C. ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and meritorious conduct at capture of Wilmington, North Carolina. Terry, WILLIAM R., brig.-gen. Confed. army, b. Va. ; killed in the assault on Fort Stedman, near Petersburg, March 25, 1865. He was educated at the Lexington Military Acad. ; com. 24th Va. Regt., and wounded at Gettysburg ; afterward com. a brigade. Tertre, JOHN BAPTIST, a French mission ary, b. Calais ; d. Paris, 1687. After serving his country in the military and naval service, he became a Dominican friar, and, after a zealous prosecution of missionary labor in America, returned to Europe in 1658. Author of "A General History of the Antilles belong ing to the French," 4 vols. 4to, 1667-71. Teschemacher, J. E., geologist and nat uralist; d. 1853. Author of " Concise Appli cation of the Principles of Structural Botany to Horticulture," Boston, 1840; "Essay on Guano," 1845; "Chemical Field Lectures," from the German, 12mo, Cambridge, 1852. Thacher, GEORGE, judge, b. Yarmouth, Ms., Apr. 12, 1754 ; d. Biddeford, Me., Apr. 6, 1824. H.U. 1776. He studied law, and in 1782 established himself in practice in Bidde ford. A delegate to the Old Congress in 1787- 8; M.C. 1789-1801 ; dist. judge in Me. 1792- 1800; judge of the Sup. Court 1800-Jan. 1824 ; also a member of the conv. which framed the const, of Me. in 1819. He was a man of su perior abilities, and was famous for his wit. Thacher, JAMES, M.D., physician and author, b. Barnstable, Ms., 14 Feb. 1754 ; d. Plymouth, Ms., 24 May, 1844. He studied un der Dr. Abner Hersey ; joined the Revol. army at Cambridge in 1775 as a surgeon s mate under Dr. John Warren ; was promoted to surgeon, and served through the war, being present at many of the principal battles. He kept a diary of the war, pub. in 1824 as a "Military Jour nal of the Revolution/ a work of great his torical value. In Mar. 1783 he settled in prac tice at Plymouth. Author of "Amer. New Dispensatory," 1810; "Hydrophobia," 1812 ; " Modern Practice of Physic," 1817 ; "Amer. Orchardist," 8vo, 1822; "Amer. Mod. Biog.," 2 vols. 8vo, 1828; "Management of Bees/ 1821, 12mo; "Demonology, Ghosts," &c. 1831; and "History of Plymouth," 1832 He also contrib. many valuable papers to peri odicals. He received the hon. dog. of A.M. from H.U. 1808, and of M.D. in 1810. Mem ber Ms. Med. Soc. and of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Thacher, OXENBRIDGE, an eminent law yer and patriot; d. July 8, 1765, a. 45. H.U. 1 738. Grandson of Rev. Peter of Milton, and son of Oxenbridge of Milton, who d. 1772, a 92. His delicate health compelled him to exchange the pulpit for the bar, where, as also in political life, his talents made him conspicuous. A rep resentative from Boston when the first of the unpopular measures of the British govt. to raise a revenue in the Colonies was passed, he was their firm opponent. His pamphlet, " The Sentiments of British Americans" (1764), lev elled against the Navigation Act, was very pop ular, and well adapted to the times. He also pub. " Considerations upon reducing the Value of the Gold Coins within the Province," 1760, Eliot. Thacher, PETER, first minister of Milton from Sept. 2, 1681, to his d. Dec. 17, 1727, b. Salem, July 18, 1651. H.U. 1671. Son of Rev. Thos. He preached to the neighboring Indians in their own language, and, being a physician, expended much of his salary in the purchase of medicines for the sick and indigent. He published "Unbelief Detected and Con demned," 1708; and some occasional sermons. Sprague. Thacher, PETER, minister of Attleborough from Nov. 30, 1748, to his d. Sept. 13, 1785, b. Middleborough, Jan. 25, 1716. H.U. 1737. Son of Peter, minister of Middleborough ( 1 709- 44). A vol. of his sermons was pub. after his death. Thacher, PETER, D.D. (Edinb. 1791), minister in Boston, b. Milton, Mar. 21, 1752, d. Savannah, Ga., Dec. 16, 1802. H.U. 1769. Son of Oxenbridge (ante). Sept. 19, 1770, he was ord. minister of Maiden. During his resi dence there, he took an active part in the pre- Revol. measures ; wrote, at the request of the Ms. com. of safety, a "Narrative of the Battle of Bunker s Hill," pub. in the "Journals" of the Prov. Congress, of which he was a mem ber; draughted the spirited resolves and in structions recorded on the Maiden records of 1775 ; was a delegate to the State Const. Conv. of 1780, and strenuously contended against establishing the office of gov., and finally to the title of " His Excellency." Often a chaplain of the State legisl. Installed over the Brattle- st. Church, Boston, Jan. 12, 1785, and retained the pastorate till his death. He was an ex cellent preacher, possessed in a singular degree the gift of prayer, and was not less remarkable for his colloquial powers. Whitefield called him " the young Elijah." He was a member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, and of many N.E. literary and charitable institu tions.. March 5, 1776, he pronounced the an nual oration commemorating the " Massacre," at Watertown, against "Standing Armies." He pub. 22 distinct works, among which were " Observations on the State of the Clergy ip 901 New England," 1783; and " Memoirs of Dr. Boylston," 1789. Thacher, PETER OXENBRIDGE, lawyer and jurist, b. Maiden, Dec. 22, 1776; d. Bos ton, Feb. 22, 1843. H.U. 1796. Son of the preceding. He studied and practised law in Boston, and in 1 823-43 was judge of its Mu nicipal Court. The criminal cases of Judge Thacher, edited by Woodman in 1845, is a standard text-book. Member Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Thacher, SAMUEL COOPER, Cong, clergy man, b. Dec. 14,1785; d. of consumption at Moulins, France, Jan. 2, 1818. H.U. 1804. Son of the Rev. Peter, D.D. After visiting Europe with Rev. Mr. Buckminstcr in 1806, he was librarian of H.U. in 1808-11 ; and was ord. as successor of Dr. Kirkland, in the New South Church, Boston, May 15, 1811. Mr. Thacher was a fine scholar ; and his contribs. to the periodical literature of the day were noted for purity of style, and elegance of diction. As a preacher he was fervent and impressive. A vol. of his sermons, with a Memoir, was pub. by his successor, Rev. F. W. P. Greenwood, 8vo, 1824. Thacher, THOMAS, first minister of the Old South Church, Boston, from Feb. 16, 1670, to his d. Oct. 15, 1678; b. Eng. May 1, 1620. He emig. to Boston in 1635. Studied under Chauncey; was ord. minister of Wey- mouth, Jan. 2, 1645; moved to Boston in 1 664. He prepared a " Hebrew Lexicon," and was a good physician and a popular preacher. He pub. " A Brief Rule, &c., in the SmaU-Pox and Measles," 1677, 2d edition, 1702. Thatcher, BENJAMIN BUSSEY, author, b. Warren, Me., Oct. 8, 1809; d. Boston, July 14,1840. Bowd. Coll. 1826. His father Sam uel was a disting. lawyer, and M.C. in 1802-5. The son studied law, and practised in Boston. He was a constant contrib. to the leading peri odicals of the day. Pub. " Indian Biography," 1832; "Indian Traits," 1833; a "Memoir of Phillis Wheatley;" "Traits of the Boston Tea- Party," 1 835 ; " Tales of the Amer. Revol.," 1846*; " Memoir of S. Osgood Wright," 16mo, 1834; "Tales of the Indians," 18mo, 1831. Edited the "Boston Book," 12mo, 1837. His poems are numerous, and mostly of a medita tive and descriptive character. Thatcher, HENRY KNOX, rear-admiral U.S.N., b. Thomaston, Me., 26 May, 1806 His grandfather was Gen. Henry Knox. Mid- shipm. March 4, 1823; lieut. Feb. 28, 1833; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. 1861 ; commo. July 3, 1S62; rear-admiral, July 25, 1866; retired 26 May, 1868. Com. frigate " Constellation," Mcdit. squadron, 1862-3; com. steam-frigate " Colorado," N. Atl. block, squad., 1864-5, and in the two attacks on Fort Fisher, Dec. 1864 and Jan. 1865; afterward com. West Gulf squad., and co-operated with Gen. Canby in the reduction of Mobile; and May 10, 1865, he received the surrender of the Confed. naval force in those waters. Thaxter, ADAM WALLACE, journalist and poet, b. Boston, 16 Jan. 1832; d. there 8 June, 1864. H.U. 1852. Camb. Law School, 1854. Dramatic and literary critic of the Boston Even ing Gazette for 7 years] and author of some acting plays, including " The Regicide," a tragedy ; a poem before the "ladma" of H.U., Cam bridge, 1850; " The Grotto Nymph," 1859. Thayer, ELIHU, D.D. (Dartrn. 1807), minister of Kingston, N.H., from Dec. 18 1776, to his d. Apr. 3, 1812, b. Braintree, Ms., March 29, 1747. N.J. Coll. 1769. Pie was a good scholar, and fitted many young men for college. A vol. of his sermons was pub. 1813. Thayer, JOHN MILTON, U. S. senator from Nebraska 1867-71, b. Bellingham, Ms., 24 Jan. 1820. Brown U. 1841. Studied and practised law ; settled in Nebraska in 1854; he- came brig.-gen. of militia, and member of the Terr, legisl. ; col. of vols. 1861 ; brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1863 for services at Fort Donelson and Shiloh ; disting. at Vicksburg and Chickasaw Bayou, and promo, maj.-gen. of volunteers. Thayer, NATHANIEL, D.D. (H.U. 1817), a Unitarian clergyman, b. Hampton, N.H., July 11, 1769; d. Rochester, N.Y., June 23, 1840. H.U. 1789. He commenced his minis try at Wilkesbarre, Pa., where he remained nearly a year ; and, on his return to N.E. in 1793, he was settled at Lancaster, Ms., where he resided during the remainder of his life. 23 of his occas. discourses have been pub. His son NATHL. has been a munificent patron of H.U. Thayer, MAJ. SIMEON, Revol. officer, b. Mendon, Ms., Apr. 30, 1737; d. Cumberland, R.I., Oct. 14, 1800. In his youth he was an apprentice in R.I. ; in 1756 served with the R.I. troops in the French war; in 1757 in the Ms. line under Col. Fvye, and under Rogers the ranger; in Au<r. 1757 was taken prisoner at Fort William Henry; in May, 1775, was app. capt. by the Gen. Assembly of R.I. ; ac- comp. Arnold s exped. to Quebec, and was taken prisoner; was exchanged July 1, 1777; was app. maj. Jan. 1, 1777 ; was prominent in the defence of Red Bank and the brilliant victory there, and in the subsequent heroic de fence of Fort Mifm n, for which he received a sword from the R.I. Assembly in July ; was severely wounded in the battle of Mon mouth in 1778 ; in 1780 was in Col. Angell s regt. in N.J. ; and Jan. 1, 1781, retired from the ser vice. His Journal of the Invasion of Canada in 1775, with notes and appendix by E. M. Stone, appeared in 1867. Thayer, SYLVANUS, LL.D. (St. John s Coll. 1830), brev. brisr.-gen. U.S.A., b. Brain- tree, Ms., 19 June, 1785 ; d. there, Sep. 7, 1872. West Point, 1808. A.M. of Ken. Coll. 1846; H.U. 1857; member Amer. Philos. Soc. 1838. Entering the U.S. engrs., he became chief engr. of Gen. Dearborn s army in 1812, and of Hampton s divis. 1813, and also his aide-de camp; capt. of engrs. Oct. 1813; chief engr. in defence of Norfolk, Va., 1814 ; brigade maj. to Gen. Porter, Jan. 1814-May, 1815; brev. maj. for services at Norfolk 20 Feb. 1815; brev. lieut.-col. 3 Mar. 1823 ; sent with Col. McRae by the govt. to France and Belgium in 1815 to examine the fortifications in those countries; superint. West-Point Acad. 1817- 33; maj. 24 May, 1828; lieut.-col. 7 July, 1838; col. 3 Mar. 1863; brev. brig.-gen. 31 May, 1863 ; resigned 1 June, 1863. Construct ing engr. of the defences of Boston harbor 1833-57; and temporary chief of the engineer THA. 902 THO corps in 1857-9. Author of " Papers on Prac tical Engineering," c., 8vo, 1844. Thayer, WILLIAM MAKEPEACE, D.D., b. Franklin, Ms., 1820. Brown U. 1843. Pas- for of Cong. Church, Ashland, Ms., 1849-68, now (1871) resides in Franklin, Ms. Author of a number of religious and juvenile books, among them a series of popular biographies and " Youth s Hist, of the Rebellion/ 4 vols., 1864-6. Editor of the Home Monthly, and the Mother s Assistant ; contrib. to the Congrega- tioiiuKst and to the Puritan Recorder. Alli- bone. Theller, DR. EDWARD ALEXANDER, jour nalist; d. Honitas, Cal., 1859. For his active participation in the Canadian rebellion in 1837, he was arrested, tried, convicted, and sen tenced to death, but escaped from jail, came to the U.S., was a resident of N. York in 1841-2, where he published " Canada in 1837-8," 2 vols. 1841. He went to California in 1853, and was editor of the Public Ledger, and after ward of the Argus. He was at one time supt. of the public schools in San Francisco. Hist. Mag., iii. 257. Thom, JAMES, a self-taught Ayrshire sculptor; d. N.Y. City, Apr. 17, 1850, a. 51. The celebrated group of Tarn O Shanter first raised Thom into notice, and, from the con dition of an obscure, uneducated stone-cutter, secured for him fame and employment in Lon don. Mr. Thom came to America ab. 1837 in pursuit of a person who had been previously sent over by the proprietors to exhibit his Tarn O Shanter and Old Mortality, but who, we believe, made no returns, or report of his pro ceedings. He succeeded in recovering a por tion of the money for which it appeared these admirable works had been sold, and transmit ted it to the proprietors, who had been his benefactors, determining to remain in Newark to pursue his profession. In exploring the country in that vicinity for stone adapted to his purposes, he brought into notice a fine free stone quarry at Little Falls, which has since furnished the stone for the court house in New ark, Trinity Church, New York, and many other public buildings. Thomas, BENJAMIN F., LL.D. (B.U. 1853), jurist, grandson of Isaiah, b. Boston, 12 Feb. 1813, removed to Worcester 1819. Brown U. 1830. Adm. to the bar 1833 ; mem ber Ms. legisl. 1842 ; judge of probate, Wore. Co., 1844-8; judge Ms. Sup. Court 1853-9; resumed practice in Boston; M.C. 1861-3. Author of " Law of Towns and Town-Offi cers," 1845; " Suggestions upon the Personal- liberty Law," 1861. Thomas, GEN. CHARLES, b. Pa. ab. 1800. Lieut, of ordnance Aug. 13, 1819; assist, corn- miss. Jan. 1824; assist, quarterm. May, 1826 ; capt. Apr. 1833; quarterm. (rank of major) July 7, 1838 ; brev. lieut.-col. for meritorious services in Mexico, May 30, 1 848 ; dep. quar- term.-gen. (rank lieut.-col.) May 23, 1850; assist. quarterm.-gen. (rank col.) Aug. 1, 1856 ; brev. major-gen, March 13, 1865, for faithful, merit., and dist. services during the war; ret. July 29, 1866. Gardner. Thomas, DAVID, pomologist and agricul turist, b. Montgomery Co., Pa., 1776 ; d. Cayuga Co., N.Y., 1859. Of Quaker parent age. Removed in 1805 to near Aurora, Cayuga Co., N.Y. Pub. in 1817 "Travels in the West," which led to his app. of chief eng. Erie Canal, west of Rochester ; and was subsequent ly a principal eng. of the Welland Canal, Cana da. Eminent as a florist and pomologist ; his contributions to the Genesee Farmer led to great practical improvements, and more enlightened views of agriculture. Thomas. Thomas, EBENEZER SMITH, journalist, b. West Cambridge, Ms., 1775; d. Cincin. 22 Oct. 1845. A relative of Isaiah, in whose office at Worcester he learned the printer s art. Established himself as a bookseller in Charles- town, S.C., in 1795, and edited the City Gazette in 1810-16; removed to Baltimore in 1816; was a member of the legisl. in 1818-19; and from 1829 to his death was a resident of Cin cinnati, where he edited the Daily Advertiser in 1829-35, and the Evening Post in 1835-9. He pub. " Reminiscences of the Last 65 Years," 2 vols. 1840. Fred. Wm. and Lewis F. are his sons. Thomas, FRANCIS, statesman, b. Freder ick Co., Md., Feb. 3, 1799; d. Jan. 22, 1876. Adm. to the bar in 1820 ; member of the house of delegates in 1822-27 and 29, when he was chosen speaker; M.C. 1831-41 and 1861-9; gov. of Md. 1841-4; pres. of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal 1839; member of the State Const. Conv. of 1850. He was one of the first men in Md. to warn the people of the approach ing Rebellion, and raised a brigade of 3.000 vols., but declined a military app. ; delegate to the Phila. Loyalist Conv. of 1866. Thomas, FREDERICK WILLIAM, author and journalist, b. Providence, 25 Oct. 1808 ; d. Washington, D.C., 30 Sept. 1866. Son of E. S. Thomas. Adm. to the Baltimore bar in 1828. Removed to Cincinnati in 1830, and assisted his father in editing the Advertiser, con tributing to it the song, " "Tis said that Absence conquers Love," and " The Emigrants," a poem, pub. in 1833. Associate editor of the Democ. Intelligencer in 1 834 ; of the Daily Even ing Post in 1835; resided in Washington in 1841-50 ; was for a short time a minister in the M.E. Church in Cincinnati; afterward prof, of rhetoric and Eng. lit. in the Ala. U. ; resumed the practice of law at Cambridge, Md., in 1 858 ; and in 1860 took charge of the lit. dept. of the Richmond Enquirer. He was a successful lec turer, especially on " Eloquence," " Early Struggles of Eminent Men," &c. Author of "Clinton Bradshaw," a novel, 1835; "East and West," 1836 ; " Howard Pinckney," 1840 ; " The Beechen Tree, and Other Poem s," 1844 ; "John Randolph of Roanoke, and Other Sketches of Character," 1853. Thomas, GABRIEL, author of "A Hist, and Geog. Account of Pa. and Western N. J.," London, 12mo, 1697. He was a Quaker, and resided in this country in 1682-97. Thomas, SIR GEORGE, bart., gov. of Pa. 1738-47 ; d. London, Jan. 11, 1775. He was previously a wealthy planter of Antigua, and a member of the council of that island. In 1752- 66 he was gov. of the Leeward and Caribbee Islands. Created a baronet in 1766. Thomas, GEN. GEORGE HENRY, b. South THO 903 THO ampton Co., Va., 31 July, 1816 ; d. San Francisco, Cal., 28 March, 1870. West Point, 1840. His father was of Welsh, and his mother of French-Huguenot descent. Enter ing the 3d Art., he was brev. 6 Nov. 1841 for gallantry and good conduct in the Florida war; 1st lieut. 30 April, 1844; earned the brevets of capt. and major for gallantry at Monterey and Buena Vista 23 Sept. 1846 and 23 Feb. 1847; again served against the Seminole Indians in 1849-50 ; instr. of art. and cav. at West Point 1851-4 ; capt. 3d Art. 24 Dec. 1853 ; maj. 2d Cavi 12 May, 1855 ; served in Texas in 1856-60, in Red-river and Kiowa expeditions, and wounded 26 Aug. 1860 near Clear Fork of Brazos River ; lieut.-col. 25 Apr. 1861; col. 3 May, 1861; 5th Cav. 3 Aug. 1861 ; com. brigade in action at Falling Waters 2 July, at Martinsburg, and at Bunker Hill, Va. ; brig. -gen. vols. 17 Aug. 1861; com. division of Army of Ohio, Nov. 1861 to 19 Mar. 1862, and com. at Mill Spring, Ky., de feating Zollikoffer 19 Jan. 1862 ; com. the right wing, Army of Tenn., at Corinth, Mpi. ; second in com. of Army of the Ohio at battle of Perryville 8 Oct. 1862; com. 14th corps, Army of the Cumberland, Nov. 1862 to Oct. 1863, and engaged at Stone River and at Chickamauga, where he checked the enemy s advance, standing firm when the rest of the army had been routed, 21 Sept. 1863 ; com. the Dept. and Army of the Cumberland 19 Oct. 1863; brig.-gen. U.S.A. 27 Oct. 1863 ; in bat tles of Mission. Ridge, Ringgold, Dalton, Resa- ca, Cassville, Dallas, Kenesaw, siege of At lanta, assault on Jonesborough and capture of Atlanta 2 Sept. 1864; defended Tenn. against Gen. Hood ; won the battle of Franklin 30 Nov., and completely routed the Confed. army at Nashville 15-16 Dec. 1864, and was made maj .-gen. U.S.A. from 15 Dec. Mar. 3, 1865, he received the thanks of Congress for this eminent service, and from the legisl. of Tenn., 2 Nov. 1865, a vote of thanks and a gold medal. Gen. Thomas was remarkable for simplicity of character, modesty, stability, and discretion. In Feb. 1868, Pres. Johnson having offered him the brev. of lieut.-gen., he declined the compliment, saying he had done nothing since the war to merit such promotion. Thomas, ISAIAH, LL.D. (Alleg. Coll.), journalist and author, b. Boston, Jan. 19, 1749; d. Worcester, Ms., April 4, 1831. Moses his father died while he was yet a child. After an apprenticeship of 11 years to a printer, he at the age of 18 commenced business at New- buryport. In 1770 he transferred his establish ment to Boston, and on 17 July, 1771, issued the first number of the Ms. Spy, in which appeared many bold and spirited appeals on the subject of the oppressive acts of par liament towards the Colonies. In 1771 Gov. Hutchinson sought to arraign Mr. Thomas to answer for an article which appeared in his paper ; and theatty.-gen. endeavored to procure an indictment against him, but in vain. A few days after the battle of Lexington, in which he participated, he moved his printing-office to Worcester, where he continued to pub. his paper, with which he was connected till 1801 ; in 1801-19 it was pub. by Isaiah Thomas, jun. In 1788 he opened a bookstore in Boston under the firm of Thomas and Andrews, and also established branches of his publishing business in several parts of the U.S. They pub. the Ms. Magazine 1789-96 in 8 vols. In 1775 he commenced " The New-Eng. Almanac," con tinued with several titles 42 years. During many years, most of the Bibles and school- books throughout the continent emanated from his establishment at Worcester. In 1812 Mr. Thomas founded the Antiquarian Society of Worcester, of which he was pres. and a most liberal patron. He furnished its library with 7,000 or 8,000 books, besides tracts, and one of the most valuable series of newspapers in the country; erected a building for them on his own ground, and bequeathed the land and hall, with a provision equal to $24,000 for its mainte nance. Author of a valuable "History of Printing," 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. Thomas, JAMES, gov. of Md. 1833-6; d. St. Mary s Co., Md., Dec. 25, 1845, a. 61. Ha was a man of great worth, and held many public trusts. Thomas, GEN. JOHN, b. Marshfield, Ms., 1725; d. Chamblee, June 2, 1776. He prac tised medicine in his native town and in Kings ton, Ms., and became an eminent practitioner. In 1746 he was surgeon to a regt. sent to Annapolis Royal, and in 1747 was on the medical staff of Shirley s regt., a post which he exchanged soon after for that of a lieut. He became in 1759 a col. of provincials; was employed fora time in Nova Scotia; in 1760 com. a regt. under Amherst at Crown Point ; and with Col. Haviland, in August, 1760, co operated in the capture of Montreal. He early enrolled himself among the " Sons of Liberty ; " was a delegate to the Prov. Congress ; app. provincial brig.-gen. Feb. 9, and cont. brig.-gen. June 22, 1775 ; maj .-gen. March 6, 1776. During the siege of Boston, he com. a brigade on the Roxbury side nearest the British lines. On the evening of Mar. 4, 1776, with 3,000 men and intrenching tools, he took pos session of Dorchester Heights, and, before dawn, formidable works had been thrown up. This strategic movement caused the British to evac uate the town Mar. 17. He was shortly after intrusted with the command in Canada ; joined the army before Quebec, May 1, but finding his effective force less than 1 ,000 men, 300 of whom refused to do duty (the small-pox ra ging among the troops, and the enemy receiving re-enforcements), determined to raise the siege, and retreat. Before reaching Chamblee on the River Sorel, he was attacked by small-pox, and died of that disease. Thomas, JOHN J., son of David, b. Cay- uga Co., N.Y., 1810. Author of "Amer. Fruit-Culturist," 1849; "Farm-Implements/ &c., 1854 ; Il/ust. Ann. Reg. of Rural Affairs, 1859-70; "Farm-Implements and Farm Machinery," c., 1869. Assist, edit. Genesee Farmer 1834-9, Albany Cultivator 1841-53, and of the Country Gentleman since 1852. Allibone. Thomas, JOSEPH, M.D. of Phila., edited, with Thomas Baldwin, " Pronouncing Gazet teer," 8vo, 1845 ; "U.S. Gazetteer," 8vo. 1854; " Geog. Diet, of the World," 1855. Author THO 904 THO of "Travels in Palestine and Egypt," 1853; "Medical Dictionary," 8vo, 1865; " Lippin- cott s Biog. Dictionary," 2 vols. imp. 8vo, 1870-1. The feature of the pronunciation of names has been introduced by him in his dictionaries with success. He was some time prof, of Latin and Greek in Haverford Coll., and has contrib. to various journals, also some of the vocabularies in Webster s Dictionary. Thomas, J. R., musician and composer, b. Newport, S. Wales, 1830. First appeared with the Seguin troupe, about 1852, as the count in the " Bohemian Girl." He then began the career of composer and concert-singer. His best known songs are, " The Cottage by the Sea," "Happy be Thy Dreams," " Some One to Love," " Tis but a Little Faded Flower." He has also written church-music, a selection of which was pub. 8vo, 1863. Thomas, GEN. LORENZO, b. Newcastle, Del., 26 Oct. 1804. West Point, 1823. App. capt. 23 Sept. 1836, and served in the Florida war in 1836-7 and 1839-40 ; assist, adj. -gen. (rank of major) July, 1838 ; brev. lieut.-col. for Monterey 23 Sept. 1846; maj. 4th Inf. 1 Jan. 1848; assist, adj.-gen. (rank lieut.-col.) 18 July, 1852; adj.-gen. (rank of brig.-gen.) 7 May, 1861 ; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865; re signed Feb. 2, 1869. In 1863 he occupied himself successfully in organizing colored troops in the West, and superintending the establish ment of the free-labor system on abandoned plantations. 21 Feb. 1868, Pres. Johnson app. him sec. of war ad interim in place of E. M. Stanton, who, however, refused to give up the office; d. Washington, D.C., Mar. 2, 1875. Thomas, GEN. PHILEMON, b. N.C. 1764 ; d. Baton Rouge, La., Nov. 18, 1847. He was engaged in many skirmishes during the Revol. war. Resided some years in Ky., and was a member of its legisl. ; afterwards removed to La. ; and in 1810-11 headed the insurrection which threw off the yoke of Spain from W. Fla. Maj.-gen. of La. militia in U.S. service, Dec. 1814-Apr. 1815 ; M.C. from La. 1831-5. Thomas, PHILIP FRANCIS, statesman, b. Talbot Co., Md., Sept. 12, 1810. Adm. to the bar in 1831 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1836 ; of the State legisl. in 1838 and 1843-5 ; M.C. 1839-41 ; judge of the land-office court of the Eastern Shore of Md. ; gov. 1848-51 ; commiss. of the U.S. patent-office in 1860 ; and in Dec. 1860 succeeded Howell Cobb as sec. of the treasury, resigning 11 Jan. 1861. Thomas, ROBERT BAILT, b. West Boyl- sron, Ms., Apr. 24, 1766; d. there 19 May, 1846; prepared for the press annually (1793- 1846) the "Old Farmer s Almanac," which was exceedingly popular, reaching a sale of 225,000 copies in 1863. Thomas, THEODORE GAILLARD, M.D., b. Charleston, S.C., 1831. Chariest. Med. Coll. 1852. Since then, prof, of obstetrics, &c., in the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons. Author of "Essay upon Prolapse of Funis," 1858; "Diseases of Women," 1868, 2d ed. 1869; " History of 9 Cases of Ovariotomy/ 8vo, 1869. Allibone. Thomas, GEN. THOMAS, Revol. officer; d. at his seat in Harrison, Westchester Co., N.Y., May 29, 1824, a. 79. He com. a regt. in 1776, and was in the battle of Harlem Heights and at White Plains. In the autumn of that year the enemy burnt his house, took his aged and patriotic father a prisoner to N.Y., and confined him in the provost, where he died through their inhuman treatment. Gen. Thomas was an active partisan officer till the peace, except during a brief term of captivity; and was afterwards frequently a member of the legislature. Itoyers. Thompson, ABRAHAM G. ; d. New York, Nov. 1851. He bequeathed $347,000 to vari ous charitable societies. Thompson, COL. ALEXANDER RAMSAY, b. N.Y. City 1792 ; killed 25 Dec. 1837. Son of Maj. ALEXANDER, capt. of art. Revol. army (b. N. J.; d. West Point, L.I., 28 Sept. 1809). West Point, 1812. Capt. 1 May, 1814; brev. maj. 1 May, 1824 ; maj. 6th Inf. 4 Apr. 1832 ; lieut.-col. 6 Sept. 1837; disting. and killed at the battle of Okeechobee. Thompson, AUGUSTUS CHARLES, D.D. (Amh. Coll. 1860), clergyman, b. Goshen, Ct., April 30, 1812. Y. C. 1841. He entered Y.C. in 1832 ; but ill-health prevented his completing the course. In 1838 he finished his studies at the theol. sem. at East -Windsor Hill, Ct. ; afterward spent a year at the University of Berlin ; and since July, 1842, has been pastor of the Eliot Cong. Church, Roxbury, Ms. la 1855-6 he Avas with Rev. Dr. Anderson a dep. to the missions in India. He has pub. " Songs in the Night," 1845; "The Lambs Fed;" " The Young Martyrs ; " " Last Hours, or Words and Acts of the Dying," 1851 ; " The Poor Widow, a Memorial of Mrs. Anna J. Waters," 1854 ; " The Better Land, or Believ er s Journey and Future Home," 1855; " The Yoke in Youth, a Memorial of H. M. Hill," 1851; "Gathered Lilies, or Little Children in Heaven," 1858; "Feeding the Lambs," 1859; "Eliot Sabb.-school Memorial," 1859; "Morning Hours in Patmos," 1860; "The Mercy-Seat ; " " Seeds and Sheaves ; " " Ly ra Oelestis," 1863 ; " Christus Consolator," 1869. Thompson, SIR BENJAMIN. See RUM- FORD. Thompson, CEPHAS G., artist, b. Mid- dlebo rough, Ms. Son of a portrait-painter, from whom he, with his bro. Jerome, acquired facility in the art. At 18 he painted portraits at Plymouth, afterwards in Providence, R.I. ; had a studio in New York in 1837-47 ; resided in Italy in 1852-60 ; and has since practised his art in New York, having m. a sister of Mrs. Anna Mowatt Ritchie. Besides many por traits and copies from the old masters, he has painted " Angel of Truth," " Guardian Angels of Infancy," " Liberation of St. Peter," " Brig and s Daughter," " Mother s Prayer," and " Chastity. Tuckerman. Thompson, CHARLES C. B.,capt. U.S.N., b. Va. ; d. Sept. 2, 1832. Midshipm. 22 Dec. 1802 ; lieut. 15 Feb. 1809; com. 27 Apr. 1816; capt. 3 Mar. 1825. Thompson, DANIEL PIERCE, novelist, b. Charlestown, Ms., Oct. 1, 1795; d. Montpelier, Vt., June 6, 1868. Midd. Coll. 1820. His grandfather Daniel, of Woburn, a cousin of Count liumford, fell in the battle of Lexington- THO 905 THO His father, being unsuccessful in business in Charlestown, emig. to Berlin, Vt. Daniel was brought up to farm-labors, with but scanty ed ucation, but, by making good use of his limited resources, qualified himself for school-keeping in the winter of 1815-16. After graduating, he became private tutor in a family in Va., and was adm. to the bar of that State. Returning home, he opened a law-office in Montpelier in 1 824 ; was made register of probate ; was in 1830-3 clerk of the legisl. ; and was app. com piler of a vol. of the statute laws ; judge of probate of the Co. 1837-40; clerk of the Co. (1843-5) and Supreme Court; and in 1853 sec. of State. His literary career began at college in contributing to periodicals ; but in 1835 he wrote for the 2v. E. Galaxy a prize tale, "May Martin, or the Money-Diggers." He pub. in 1840 "The Green- Mountain Boys;" m 1847 "Locke Amsden, or the Schoolmas ter," involving much of his own autobiogra phy; in 1850 "The Rangers, or the Tory s Daughter," a counterpart to the " Green-Moun tain Boys," and, like that work, illustrative of Revol. history of Vt. ; " Lucy Hosmer," 1848 ; " Gaut Guiiey, or the Trapper of Lake Umba- gog," 1857; "The Doomed Chief," 1860; "Hist, of Montpelier," 8vo, 1860; "Laws of Vermont," 1824-34," 8vo, 1835 ; " Adventures of Timothy Peacock," 1835. Dwjckinck. Thompson, EGBERT, capt. U.S.N., b. New York, June 10, 1822. Midshipm. Mar. 13, 1837; lieut. Sept. 27, 1850; com. July 16, 1862 ; capt. July 26, 67. Attached to Wilkes s expl. exped. 1838-42. He participated in all the operations of the home squadron in the Mexican war ; com. the ironclad " Pittsburg " in the attack on Ft. Donelson, on Island No. 10, and floating battery; attack on batteries opposite New Madrid ; and in the action with Confed. rams above Fort Pillow. Com. steam er " Com. McDonough," S.A.B. squad., 1864- 5 ; steam-sloop " Dacotah," S. Pacif. squad., 1866-7. Hamersly. Thompson, GEORGE "W., lawyer, b. Ohio, 1806. Jeff. Coll. 1826. U.S. dist.-atty. West Va. 1849 ; M.C. from Wheeling dist. 1851-2, and left Congress for the bench. Author of "The Living" Forces of the Universe," &c., 12mo, 1866; "Address on Com. Schools," 1841 ; " Right of Virginia to the N. W. Terri tory ; " " Life of Hon. Linn Boyd ; " and con- trib. to Boston Quar. Review, 1839-42. Alli- bone. Thompson, JACOB, politician, b. Caswell Co., N.C., 15 May, 1810. U. of N. C. 1831. Adm. to the bar in 1834. He removed in 1835 to the Chickasaw country, Mpi., and applied him self to its improvement so successfully as to be made its rep. in Cong, in 1839-51. Some years chairman of the com ; on Indian affairs, and a zealous defender of Mississippi and the Democ. party when the cry of "repudiation" was ringing throughout the land. He opposed the compromises of 1 850, as not conceding enough to the South. Sec. of the interior Mar. 1 857- 7 Jan. 1861 ; resigning on the ground ^that the attempt to re-enforce Fort Sumter violated a distinct understanding entered into with the cabinet. In Dec. 1860 he was app. by the Mpi. legisl. a commiss on behalf of that State to urge upon N.C. the adoption of an ordinance of secession. Gov. of Mpi. 1862-4. During the Rebellion he was aide to Gen. Beauregard, and insp.-gen. for the dept. of Mississippi. Thompson, JOHN, political writer ; d. Pe tersburg, Va., 1789, a. 22. Author of articles in the Petersburg Gazette, signed " Casca " and " Gracchus," hostile to Adams s administration. His Life was written by George Hay. His let ters signed " Curtius," addressed to Chief Jus tice Marshall in 1798, were pub. 12mo, 1804. Thompson, JOHN R., author, b. Rich mond, Va., Oct. 23, 1823. U. ofVa. He stud ied law in the office of James A. Seddon, and in the law school of the university ; was in 1845 adm. to the bar ; .and in 1847 became ed itor of the Southern Lit. Messenger at Richmond, filling that post for many years. Besides his contributions to this and other literary jour nals, he has delivered numerous addresses at colleges, and several lectures. His pen was ac tive in behalf of the Rebellion, during which he escaped to England, and contributed to the Index, Morning Herald, and Blackwood s Maga zine; d. N.Y. City, April 30, 1873. Thompson, JOSEPH PARRISH,D.D.(H.U. 1856), LL.D. (U. of N.Y. 1868), clergyman, b. Phila. Aug. 7, 1819. Y.C. 1838. He studied theology at Andover and New Haven ; was ord. pastor of the Chapel-st, Cong. Church, N. Ha ven, Oct. 28, 1840; and, from Apr. 1845 to Oct. 1871, had charge of the Broadway Tabernacle Church, N.Y. He was one of the originators of and a contrib. to the New-Englander, and of the Independent newspaper. In 1852-4 he visited Europe and the East. The fruits of his Oriental studies have appeared in the N.A. Review, Bibliotheca Sacra, "Journal of the Amer. Geographical and Statistical Society," Smith s "Dictionary of Biblical Geography and Antiquities," and Kitto s " Cyclopaedia of Biblical Lit." Besides sermons, addresses, and pamphlets, Dr. Thompson has pub. " Memoir of Timo. Dwight," 1844; "Lectures to Young Men," 1846; "Hints to Employers," 1847; "Memoir of David Hale," 1850; "Foster on Missions, with a Preliminary Essay," 1850; "Stray Meditations," 1852; "The Believer s Refuge," 1857; "Egypt, Past and Present," 1856; "Memoir of Rev. David T. Stoddard," 1858; " The Christian Graces," 1859; "Love and Penalty," I860; " The Sergeant s Memo rial," 1863; " Christianity and Emancipation," 1863; "The Holy Comforter," 1866; "Man in Genesis and Geology," 1869; "Theology of Christ," 1870. Thompson, LAUNT, sculptor, b. Queen s Co., Ireland, 1833. Came to the U.S. at 14, and in the office of Dr. Armsby studied draw ing. For 9 years he worked in Palmer s studio, and went in Nov. 1858 to New "York, where he found ample employment. Among his best works are a bust of Edwin Booth as Hamlet ; a bass-relief of " Elaine ; " a colossal bust of Bry ant; a medallion likeness of Gen. Dix; "Morn ing Glory," a bass-relief; a design for a statue of Gen. Sedgwick; and of a colossal statue of Napoleon. Tuclcerman. Thompson, SMITH, LL.D. (Y.C. 1824; H.U. 1835), jurist, b. Amenia, N. Y., 1767 ; d. Poughkeepsie, Dec. 1 8, 1 843. N. J, Coll, 1 788, THO 906 THO Studied law with Chancellor Kent, and became dist.-atty. in the middle dist. of N.Y. in 1801 ; judge of the Supreme Court 1802-14; chief justice 1814-18; sec. of the navy 1818-23; associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1823 until his death. Thompson, WADDY, lawyer andM.C.,b. Pickensvilie, S.C., Sept. 8, 1798; d. Tallahas see, Fla., Nov. 23, 1868. S.C. Coll. 1814. Adm. to the bar in Dec. 1819, and attained a high rank in the profession. Served in the le- gisl. of S.C. 1826-30; was at one time solicitor for the western circuit ; was brig.-gen. of mili tia ; M.C. 1 835-4 1 , serving in 1 840 as chairman of the com. on military affairs; and in 1842 was app. minister to Mexico, where he nego tiated two important treaties, and procured the release of more than 200 Texan prisoners. He had been a cotton-planter in Fla., but resided at his homestead near Greenville, S.C., where his father, Judge Waddy, d. 9 Feb. 1845. Author of "Recollections of Mexico," 8vo, 1846. Thompson, WILLIAM, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Ireland ; d. at his seat near Carlisle, Pa., Sept. 4, 1781. He was a capt. of horse in the Pa. service in the French war (1759-60). He afterwards lived at Pittsburg, where he was joint purchaser of the buildings of old Fort Pitt. In June, 1775, Capt. Thompson was app. col. of the regt. of riflemen which marched to the camp at Cambridge; and, Nov. 10, had a skirmish with the British at Lechmere Point. He was made brig.-gen. March 1, 1776; suc ceeded Lee in command at New York, Mar. 19; and in April was ordered to Canada to re-en force Gen. Sullivan, by whose orders he at tacked the enemy at Three Rivers, June 6, where, by a scries of unfortunate accidents, he and several other officers were taken prisoners. He returned to Phila. in Aug. on parole, but was not exchanged for more than two years. Phila. Packet, Sept. 15, 1781. Thompson, ZADOCK, naturalist, b. Bridge- water, Vt., May 23, 1796 ; d. Burlington, Vt., Jan. 19, 1856. U. of Vt. 1823. Tutor in 1825, and in 1851 prof, of chemistry and nat. history, in that institution. In 1833 he removed to Hatlcy, C.E., where, and in Sherbrooke, he was a teacher ; pub. a " Geography of Canada," and studied theology. Ord. deacon in the Prot.-Ep. Church, May 27, 1835 ; returned to Burlington in 1837, and taught in the Vt. Epis. Institute; State geologist 1845-8. He collected and pre served over 3,000 specimens of the productions ofVt. State naturalist from 1853 to his d. He began authorship with an almanac for 1819; subsequently made astronomical calculations for the Vt. Registers, and for 34 years made similar calculations for Walton s Register. He pub. "Ga zetteer of Vt.," 1824; an "Arithmetic," 1825; edited the Iris and Burlington Lit. Gazette, 1828 ; Green-Mountain Repository, 1832 ; and in 1843 pub. his great work, the " Natural, Civil, and Statistical History of Vt.," pub. with an Ap pendix in 1853 ; " Geography and Geology of Vt.," 12mo, 1848 ; "Journal of a Trip to Lon don, Paris, and the Great Exhibition of 1851." In June, 1 850, he delivered the annual address before the Boston Society of Nat. Hist., on the " Geology of Vermont. Thomson, CHARLES, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1822), sec. of Congress during the Revol . war b. Maghera, Derry, Ireland, 29 Nov. 1729 ; d. Lower Marion, Montg. Co., Pa., 16 Aug. 1824. In 1741 he with his 3 sisters landed at New castle, Del., with no other dependence than their industry. Educated by Dr. Allison, he became a teacher at the Friends Acad. at New castle. Removing; to Phila., he obtained the advice and friendship of Dr. Franklin. In 1758 he was one of the agents to treat with tho Indians at Oswego. The Dclawares adopted him, and conferred on him an Indian name which means " one who speaks truth." Sole sec. of Congress from 1774 to 1789, his services were most efficient. John Adams in his Diary describes him as "the Sam Adams of Phila., the life of the cause of liberty." He was a good classical scholar. Author of a " Harmo ny of the Four Gospels," a translation of the Old and New Testaments, and an " Inquiry into the Cause of the Alienation of the Dela ware and Shawnee Indians," &c., 1759. He m. Hannah Harrison, aunt of Pres. Harrison. Thomson, CHARLES WEST, Prot.-Epis. clergyman, b. Phila. 1798. Author of "The Limner," 12mo, 1822; "Phantom Barge and Other Poems," 1822; " Ellinor and Other Poems," 1826; "The Sylph and Other Po ems," 1828; "Love of Home and Other Po ems," 1845 ; contrib. to Doughty s Cabinet of Natural History, " Atlantic Souvenir," " The Gift," " The Token," and other annuals, Gra ham s Mag., and other periodicals. Allibone. Thomson, EDWARD, D.D. (Asb. U. 1846), LL.D. (Wesleyan U. 1855), bishop M. E. Church, b. Portsea, Eng., Oct. 1810 ; died Wheeling, Va., 22 Mar. 1870. He came to America in 1819 ; studied .medicine at Phila. and Cincinnati, and began practice in 1829. In 1833 he entered the ministry of the M. E. Church, and was stationed successively at Nor- walk, Sandusky, Cincinnati, Wooster, and Detroit; in 1837-44 he was pres. of the Nor- walk Sem., then became prof, of mental and moral philos. in the U. of Mich., and edited the Ladies Repos. until chosen pres. of the Ohio Wesl. U. in 1846. At the gen. conf. in 1860 he was elected editor of the Cliristian Advocate, N.Y. Elected bishop 1864, and made soon after a voyage round the world. Author of "Moral and" Relig. Essays," " Biog. and Incidental Sketches," " Educational Es says," 1856, and "Letters from Europe." Thomson, SAMUEL, M.D., botanist, and originator of the Thomsonian System of Medi cal Treatment, b. Alstead, N.H., 9 Feb. 1769; d. Boston, 1843. Author of " Matcria Medica and Family Physician;" "New Guide to Health," 1849; "Life and Medical Discover ies," Boston, 1822 and 1832. Many years a resident of Boston. Thomson, COL. WILLIAM, Revol. officer, b. Pa. 1727 ; d. Sweet Springs, Va., Nov. 22, 1796. A relative of Charles, sec. of Cong. His parents, who were Irish, removing to St. Matthew s Parish, S.C., young Thomson grew up a frontiersman, and excelled as a marks man. In March, 1771, he com. a regt. under Tryon against the Regulators. Sheriff of Orangeburg in 1772; member of the Prov. legisl, ; of the first State conv, ; .<md in June, THO 907 THO 1775, was made col. 3d S.C. Regt., all practised marksmen. In the winter of 1775-6 he aided in breaking up the camp of the Tory Cunning ham ; June 28, 1776, he defeated the British attack on the east end of Sullivan s Island, for which disting. service he received the thanks of Gov. Rutledge and of Congress ; he parti cipated in the attack on Savannah in 1 779 ; be came a prisoner soon after the capture of Charleston, and after his exchange did good service under Gen. Greene. After the war he resumed his pursuits as an indigo-planter, was again sheriff of Orangeburg, and a member of the State Const. Convention. Thomson, WILLIAM M., D.D. (Miami U. 1828), for 25 years a missionary in Syria and Palestine. Author of " The Land and the Book," 2 vols. 8vo, 1859 ; and the Land of Promise," 8vo, 1865. Contrib. to Bibl. Sa cra, and to Amer. Bibl. Repos. Allibone. Thorburn, GRANT, seedsman and author, b. near Dalkeith, Scotland, Feb. 18, 1773; d. N. Haven, Jan. 21, 1863. Beginning life as a nailmaker, he in 1792 became involved in some political movements which led him to emi grate. He came to America in June, 1794, settled in New York, and, experiencing a check ered fortune, furnished John Gait with some of the incidents of " Laurie Todd." He pub lished his Autobiography at Boston in 1834; "Men and Manners in Great Britain," 1834; " Laurie Todd s Hints to Merchants, Married Men, and Bachelors ; " " Laurie Todd s Notes on Virginia; " "Fifty Years Reminiscences of New York, or Flowers from the Garden of Laurie Todd," 1845. Contrib. to the Knick erbocker Mag., N. Y. Mirror, and more than 20 papers. He was a seedsman in New York many years. Married his third wife when he was 80 years of age ; and, during the epidemic in 1798, he and his wife staid in the city, de voting themselves to the sick and dying. His counsel and his purse were ever at the service of those suffering from want. Thoreau, HENRY DAVID, naturalist and scholar, b. Boston, 12 July, 1817; d. Concord, Ms., 6 May, 1862. H.U. 1837. His ancestor came from the Island of Jersey. His father was a rnanuf. of lea pencils. At college he had for a companion and fellow-student O. A. Brownson. He taught school in Concord; was for three years an inmate of the family of Ralph Waldo Emerson, supporting himself by pencil-making, carpentering, surveying, and painting, making nearly every year a pedes trian excursion to the woods and mountains of Me., N. H., and other places. He was well versed in classical and Oriental literature ; was eccentric in his dress, manners, and mode of life ; and, it is said, never went, to church, never voted, and never paid a tax to the State. In 1845 he built a small frame-house on the shore of Walden Pond, near Concord, where he lived two years a hermit, in studious retirement. An account of this is given in " Walden, or Life in the Woods," 1 854. He was intimate with Hawthorne and with Emerson, who says of him, " Thoreau dedicated his genius with such entire love to the fields, hills, and waters of his native town, that he made them known and in teresting to all. ... He grew to be revered and admired by his townsmen, who had at first known him only as an oddity. . . . Whilst he used in his writings a certain petulance of re mark in reference to churches and churchmen, he was a person of rare, tender, and absolute religion, a person incapable of any profana tion." He was never married. Author of "A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers," 1849; "Excursions," 1863; "Maine Woods ; " " Cape Cod ; " " A Yankee in Cana da;" "Letters to Various Persons," 1865. A contrib. to the Dial and the Atlantic Monthly. See Atl. Monthly, Aug. 1862; Duyckinck ; N.A. Review, Oct. 1865. Thornborough, SIR EDWARD, a Brit, admiral ; d. Apr. 3, 1834, a. 78. First lieut. of " The Falcon," sloop, one of the vessels that covered the attack made in 1775 on Bunker s Hill. He was subsequently wounded in an un successful attempt to bring out a schooner from Cape-Ann harbor; and in 1780 assisted at the taking of " La Nymphe " by the " Flora," frigate; was made a commander for his con duct on this occasion; in 1781 was made post- capt. ; and in 1782, in the "Blonde," frigate, he was wrecked while endeavoring to take a captured ship to Halifax. During the war with France he disting. himself on various occa sions, particularly in the action with M. Bom- part, for which he received the thanks of par liament. Rose to the rank of admiral of the white. Thorndike, GEORGE QUINCY, genre and landscape artist, b. Boston. H.U. 1847. Stud ied art in Paris, and resides in Newport, R. I. Among his productions are views of " The Dumplings" and "Lily Pond "at Newport, " Swans in Central Park," and " Wayside Inn." Tuckerman. Thorndike, ISRAEL, an eminent merchant, b. Beverly, Ms., 1757; d. Boston, 10 May, 1832. He received a common-school educa tion ; was commissioned by Ms. capt. of the privateer " Warren," 30 Oct. 1776, and cruised with success. Engaging after the peace in commerce with the E. Indies and China, his voyages, planned with judgment, and econom ically executed, brought him great wealth. Delegate to the conv. that adopted the U.S. Constitution, and several years a member of the legisl., where he exerted great influence. Removed to Boston in 1810. In 1818 he bought the valuable library of Prof. Ebeling of Hamburg, which he gave to Harvard U. It consisted of 4,000 volumes, and was especially rich in Amer. history and antiquities. Late in life he was engaged in successful manufac turing operations. Thornton, JAMES B., lawyer, charge* d af faires to Peru, b. Merrimack, N.H. ; d. Callao, Jan. 25, 1838, a. 37. Grandson of Matthew the signer. Speaker State legisl. 1829-30. Author of " Digest of the Conveyancing, Testamentary, and Registry Laws of the U.S.," 12mo, Phila., 1847. Thornton, JOHN WINGATE, historical writer, and member Suffolk bar, b. Saco, Me., Aug. 12, 1818. Camb. Law School, 1840. A descendant of Rev. Thomas (minister of Yarmouth, Ms., 1663-98, who d. Boston, 15 Feb. 1700, a. near 93, after a life of great use- THO 908 fulness). A founder of the N.E. Hist. Geneal. Soc., a vice-president of the Amer. Statistic Assoc., and of the Prince Publication Soc. He has pub. Lives of Isaac Heath, John Bowles, and Rev. John Eliot, jun., 1850; "Landing at Cape Ann," 8vo, 1854; " Ancient Pemaquid," 1857 ; "First Records of Anglo-American Col onization ; " " Review of Oliver s Puritan Com monwealth," 1857; "Colonial Schemes of Popliam and Gorges," 1863; and " Pulpit of the Amer. Revolution," 1860. Nov. 21, 1870, he delivered an address before the N.E. Hist. Gen. Soc. on the 250th anniv. of the signing of the compact in the cabin of " The May flower." Contrib. to Hist. Mag. and other periodicals. Thornton, MATTHEW, COL., a signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Ireland, 1714; d. New- buryport, Ms., June 24, 1803. He came to America at an early age ; lived a few years at Wiscasset ; thence removed to Worcester, Ms., where he received an academic education ; and afterwards settled as a physician at London derry, N.H., whence he removed to the banks of the Merrimack about 1780. He accomp. PepperelPs exped. against Louisburg in 1745 as a surgeon; was a col. of militia; and in 1775 presided over the conv. which assumed the govt. in the name of the people of the Colony. He was for a short time a delegate to Congress, taking his seat Nov. 4, 1776; and was a signer of, though not present to vote for, the Declaration. He held the office of chief justice of the Co. of Hillsborough, and after wards that of judge of the Supreme Court of the State until 1782; was subsequently a mem ber of the house and of the senate, and in 1785 of the council. He possessed an exceed ingly tenacious memory, and uncommon pow ers of mind. Thornton, SIR WILLIAM, an Eng. gen. ; d. Stanhope Lodge, near Hanwell, Eng., Apr. 6, 1840. Ensign 89th Foot, March 21, 1796; obtained a majority in 1806, and in Aug. 1807 was app. milit. sec. and first aide-de-camp to Gen. Craig, gov. of Canada. Returning to Eng. in 1811, he was in 1813 app. to the com. of the 85th Regt., with which he served in the en gagements consequent upon the passage of the Rivers Bidassoa, Nivelle, Nive, and Adour, and received a medal for the battle of the Nive. In May, 1814, he com. the light brigade and ad vance of Gen. Ross s exped. in the first opera tions in the Chesapeake ; and at the battle of Bladensburg, in which he was severely wounded and made prisoner ; but, being exchanged for Com. Barney, he proceeded in Oct. following with the army destined against New Orleans. He com. the advance of the army on the land ing of the troops, and in the severe conflict which afterwards took place. He was engaged in all the subsequent affairs which took place in that service until the general attack on the American lines, Jan. 8, 1815, when he com. a detached corps on the right bank of the Mpi. with a co-operating flotilla of the navy, and was severely wounded; lieut.-gen. 1838. Thornwell, JAMES HENLEY, D.D., cler gyman and scholar, b. Marlborough Dist., S. C.,Dec. 9, 1812; d. Charlotte, N.C., Aug. 1,1862. 8.C. Coll. Dec. 1631 . He began to study law, but soon became minister of Waxhaw (Presb.) Church. In 1837-8 he was prof, of logic and belles-lettres in S. C. Coll. ; pastor of the church at Columbia, S.C., 1840-51. In 1840 he was made prof, of the evidences of Christian ity, and chaplain on the resignation of Mr. El liot, but in May, 1851, exchanged this position for the charge of Glebe-street Church, Charles ton ; and in Dec. 1851-5 was pres. of the S.C. College. He had the charge of the Presb. Theol. Sem. in Cohimbia until his death. Besides sermons, he pub. " Arguments of Ro manists discussed and refuted in Relation to the Apocryphal Books of the Old Testament," N.Y. 1845; "Discourses on Truth," 1855; and several articles in the South. Presb. Review. He wrote with zeal and ability in advocacy of seces sion and slavery. His works have been coll. and pub. by John B. Adger, D.D., 2 vols. 8vo, 1871. Duyckinck. Thorpe, THOMAS BANGS, author and painter, b. Westfield, Ms., March 1,1815. His father Thomas, a clergyman of literary genius, d. in N.Y. City at the early age of 26. The son passed 3 years at the Middlctown Wesl.U. ; but, his health failing him, he became a resident of La. in 1836-53. In 1862-3 he was city sur veyor of N. Orleans under Gen. Butler. In early life he displayed a taste for painting, but soon became known as the author of a series of Western tales, adopting the name of " Tom Owen, the Bee-Hunter," a new collection of which, entitled " The Hive of the Bee-Hunter," was pub. in N.Y. 1853. For many years he edited a paper in N. Orleans in the interest of Henry Clay. He distiiig. himself by his zeal in raising vols. for the Mexican war, and was bearer of despatches to Gen. Taylor after the taking of Matamoras. He pub. in 1846 "Our Army on the Rio Grande ; " followed by " Our Army at Monterey ; " " Mysteries of the Back- wood s," 1846; "Linda Weiss, an Autobiog raphy," 8vo, 1854; "A Voice to America, the Model Republic," 8vo, 1855. He was an active and effective speaker in the political cam paign which resulted in the election of Gen. Taylor to the presidency. To Harper s Mag. he has contrib. descriptive articles on Southern life and products, and " The Case of Lady Macbeth Medically Considered." In 1860 he exhibited his large picture, " Niagara as It Is; " and has since divided his time equally between literature and art. Throop, E?*os T., gov. of N.Y. 1831-33, b. Johnstown, N. Y., Aug 21, 1784 ; d. Auburn, N.Y., Oct. 31, 1874. Acquiring, while a clerk, a classical as well as legal education, he settled in practice in Auburn; was M.C. in 1815-16; elected circuit judge in 1823 ; in 1828 was lieut.- gov. ; acting gov. in 1829 ; and in 1838-42 was charge d affaires to the Two Sicilies. Thruston, JOHN BUCKNER, judge, b. Va. 1763 ; d. Washington, D.C., Aug. 30, 1845. Son of CHARLES MYNN (b. Gloucester Co., Va., 1738; d. 21 Apr. 1812; Wm. and Mary Coll. 1754), a disting. Revol. officer, subse quently pres. judge of Frederick Co. Court, who in 1809 ernig. to Ky. The fine abilities and liberal attainments of Judge Thruston brought him early into public life. App. U.S. judge in the Terr, of Orleans in 1805; U.S. senator TUTJ 909 TJX, 1805-Jan. 1810, when he was app. associate judge of the U.S. Circuit Court, which post he held till his death. Thumb, MR. and MRS. TOM (CHARLES S. STRATTON). He was b. Bridgeport, Ct., Jan. 1832. First introduced to the public by P. T. Barnum at the N.Y. Museum, Dec. 8, 1842. Visited Europe in Feb. 1 844 ; m. Lavinia War ren, Feb. 10, 1863. She was b. Middleborough, Ms., Oct. 31, 1842. The pair visited Europe in 1865. Thurston, ASA, Cong, clergyman, and mis sionary to the Sandwich Islands ; b. Fitchburg, Ms., Oct. 12, 1787; d. Honolulu, March 11, 1868. Y.C. 1816; And. Theol. Sem. 1819. Until the age of 22, he was a scythe-maker, and was a very athletic man. Ord. a missionary in 1819, he sailed with his wife, reached the Sandwich Islands March 30, 1820, and for more than 40 years resided at Kailua, Hawaii. He was the instructor of two of the kings, and the translator of a large portion of the Bible. Y. C. Obit. Record. Tichenor, ISAAC, LL.D. statesman, b. Newark, N. J., Feb. 8, 1754; d. Bennington, Vt., Dec. 11, 1838. N. J. Coll. 1775. While studying law at Schenectady, N.Y., early in 1777^, he was app. assist, commiss.-gen., and stationed at Bennington, where he practised law, and became prominent in public affairs. A representative in 1781-4 ; agent of the State to Congress in 1782 ; member of the State council 1787-92 ; judge of the Supreme Court 1791-4; chief justice 1795-6; member of the council of censors in 1792 and 1813 ; commiss. for adjusting the controversy with N.Y. 1791 ; U.S. senator 1796-7; gov. 1797-1807 and 1808-9 ; and again U.S. senator 1815-21. Ticknor, CALEB B.,M.D., physician of N. Y., b. Salisbury, Ct., 1805 ; d. N.Y. City, 19 Sept. 1840. He was one of 3 bros., physicians. Edu cated at the Berkshire Institute. He adopted homoeopathy, and was a skilful physician. He wrote much for the medical journals, and pub. " Philosophy of Living," a popular work, and a treatise on Medical Philosophy, 12mo, 1838. LUTHER, his bro., also a physician, b. Jericho, Vt., 1791, d. Salisbury, Mar. 19, 1846. He wasa selfmade man, of great energy and perseverance, and was pres. of the Ct. Medical Society. Ticknor, GEORGE, LL.D. (H. U. 1850), scholar and author, b. Boston, Aug. 1, 1791 ; d, there 26 Jan. 1871. Dartm. Coll. 1807. After a diligent study of the classics, he turned his attention to law, and was adm. to the bar in 1813; in 1815 he went to Europe, passed two years at Gottingen in philological studies, and two years more in various capitals, making the acquaintance of Southey and Walter Scott ; chosen in 1817 to the new professorship of modern literature at H.U., he returned home in 1820, and for 15 years occupied this impor tant position. Resigning in 1835, he visited Europe again with his family, and made exten sive collections of Spanish literature, the His tory of which, commenced upon his return in 1840, was pub. in 3 vols. in 1849. It at once took its position as a standard contribution to the history of literature. Beside the research displayed in this great work, his labors as a translator are acknowledged to be exact and fe licitous. It has been translated into the Spanish and German. One of the founders of the Bos ton Public Library, and in 1864-5 pres. of the board of trustees. His other publications are " The Remains of Nathaniel Appleton Haven; " a Life of Lafayette, in the N*. A. Review of 1855 ; "Life of Wm. H. Prescott," 1863; and contribs. to the Monthly Anthology and the N. A. Review. Member of the Amer. Academy, Amer. Philos. Soc., Ms. Hist. Soc., London Antiq. Soc., and corresp. sec. of the Royal Hist. Acad. of Spain. Ticknor, GEORGE, lawyer and journalist, b. Boston, Apr. 14, 1822 ; d. Keene, N.H., Dec. 25, 1866. Dartm. Coll. 1847. He began to practise law at Lebanon in 1850, and at Clare- mont in 1851 ; solicitor for Sullivan Co. 1855- 9 ; and was afterward editor and a proprietor of the N.H. Sentinel at Keene. He pub. " Ga zetteer and Biog. Sketches of N.H." Ticknor, WILLIAM D., publisher, b. Leb anon, N.H., 1810; d. Phila. April 10, 1864. Began book-business in Boston in 1832 ; was the founder and head of the well-known house of Ticknor and Fields. Was the publisher of the works of Longfellow, Holmes, Saxe, Whittier, Lowell, and other leading authors, English and American, and of the Atlantic Monthly, a maga zine of high merit and extensive circulation. Tidball, JOHN C., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ohio Co., Va. West Point, 1848. Entering the 3d Art., he accomp. Whipple in his explo rations for a Pacific-railroad route in 1853-4 capt. 2d Art. May 14, 1861, and participated in the battles in Va. ; com. an art. brigade at Gettysburg; col. 4th N.Y. Art. 28 Aug. 1863, which he led in the battles of the Wilderness ; brev. brig.-gen. Aug. 1, 1864, and com. the art. brigade of the 9th corps; and, for gallant and meritorious services at Forts Steadman and Sedgwick, was made brev. maj.-gen. Apr. 2, 1865. He had previously earned the brevets of maj. U.S.A. for Gaines s Mill 27 June, 1862 ; lieut.-col. 17 Sept. 1862 for Antietam; col. 13 Mar. 1865 for Fort Steadman; and brig.-gen. for gallant and merit, services during the Re bellion ; maj. 2d Art. 5 Feb. 1867. Cullum. Tiffany, OSMOND, of Springfield, Ms. ; b. Bait., Md., 1823. Author of the "Canton Chinese," &c., 1849; "Life of Gen. Otho H. Williams," 8vo, 1851 ; " Brandon, a Tale of the Amer. Colonies ;" contrib. to Appleton s Cyclop., and to reviews and mags. Allibone. Tiffin, EDWARD, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1789), the first gov. of Ohio under the constitution of 1802 (1803-7), b. Carlisle, Eng., June 19, 1766; d. Chillicothe, Ohio, Aug. 9, 1829. He emig. to the U.S. in 1786, and settled in Charles- town, Va. In 1789 he m. Mary, sister of Gov. Thomas Worthington. Removed to Chilli cothe, 0., in 1798. Speaker of Terr, legisl. in 1799; pres. of Ohio Const. Conv. in 1802; U.S. senator 1807-9 ; in 1812 app. by Pres. Madison commissioner of the gen. land-ofnce ; resigned in 1815, when app. surveyor-gen, of the isorth-west, which position he held until a short time before his death. A. T. Goodman. Tilden, SAMUEL J., lawyer and Democ. politician, b. New Lebanon, Col. Co., N.Y., 1814. His father was a farmer, whose ances tors settled at Scituate, Ms., in 1 636. He stud TIL 910 TIL ied at Y. C. and in N. Y. City ; was a delegate to the Assembly in 1846; in the Const. Con vs. of 1846 and of 1867; and since 1861 has been chairman of the Democ. State Conv. He has been many years prominent in N.Y. politics, and was the trusted adviser of Dean Richmond. He has opened and spoken before many politi cal meetings of his party, has been engaged in many important trials, and has been exten sively concerned in railroad enterprises, espe cially in the West. Tilghman, EDWARD, an eminent lawyer of Phila., b. Wye, on the Eastern Shore of Md., Dec. 11, 1750; d. Jan. 1, 1815. He studied in the best schools of Phila., and in the Middle Temple, London, in 1772-4. He was long a successful practitioner at the Phila. bar; and, on the death of Chief Justice Shippen, the office was tendered to him, but he declined it, and recommended for the app. his kinsman William Tilghman. Tilghman, GEN. LLOYD, b. Md. 1816; killed in the battle of Baker s Creek, Mpi., May 16, 1863. West Point, 1836. 2d lieut. 1st Dragoons until Sept. 1836; he then re signed, and was a railroad engr. until 1841. During the Mexican war he was aide to Col. Twiggs at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma; com. a body of vols. in Oct. 1846; superin tended the defences of Matamoras in Jan. 1847; com. a light-artillery company in Col. Hughes s regt. May, 1847-July 24, 1848; be came principal assist, engineer on the western division of the Panama Railroad in 1 849 ; after ward settled in Ky., and, when the civil war began, was app. by the State authorities, who then proposed to remain neutral, to com. the eastern division of the State militia, with the rank of col. He became a gen. in the Confed. army ; com. at Fort Henry, and was included in its surrender to Flag-Officer Foote, Feb. 6, 1862. He was confined in Fort Warren, in Boston harbor, but was exchanged in July, and afterward attached to the army under Gen. Bragg, and ordered to Vicksburg. Tilghman, COL. TENCH, b. Easton, Md., 1744 ; d.Balt., April 18, 1786. Son of James, and bro. of Judge Wm. Tilghman. Before the Revol. he was a merchant. Was confiden tial sec. and aide-de-camp to Washington (app. Aug. 1776) during the Revol. ; app. lieut.- col. Apr. 1777. He bore to Congress the news of the surrender of Cornwallis, who, Oct. 29, 1781, voted him their plaudit of his merit and abilities. Washington said of him in 1781, " He has been in every action in which the main army was concerned, and has been a faithful assistant to me for nearly 5 years, a great part of which time he refused to receive pay." Tilghman, WILLIAM, LL.D. (H.U. 1814), jurist, b. Talbot Co., Md., Aug. 12, 1756; d. Phila. April 30, 1827. James, his father, was sec. of the proprietary land-office, and member of the council. After the removal of the family to Phila., Wm. studied law under Benj. Chew in 1772; was adm. to the Md. bar in 1783, and in 1793 began practice in Phila. ; app. chief judge of the U.S. Circuit Court, Mar. 3, 1801 (the law establishing this office was repealed the next year, when he resumed practice) ; was in July, 1805, app. president of the C.C.P. in the first dist. ; and in Feb., 1806, chief justice of the State Sup. Court. In 1788, and several suc cessive years, he was a member of the Md. legisl. He was elected president of the Philos. Society in 1824. He prepared in 1809, by direction of the legisl., a report of the English statutes in force within the State. Pub. in 1818 a eulogium on Dr. Wistar, and in 1820 an address before the Phila. Soc. for promoting Agriculture. See Life btj J. Golder, 8vo, 1829. Tillary, JAMES, M.D., physician, b. Scot land ; d. N.Y. 1818, a. ab. 67." After receiving a good classical and medical education, the lat ter at Edinburgh, he became a surgeon in the British army, with which he came to New York at an early period of the Revol. war. For more than 40 years he practised medicine and surgery in that city, displaying high profes sional merit. Many years pres. of the N. Y. Med. Society. During the pestilence of 1795 and 98 he devoted himself to his suffering fel low-citizens, by whom he was afterward re warded with the office of resident physician. Thacher. Tilley, CHEV. LE GARDEUR DE, a French naval officer, of a Canadian family, of which M. de St. Pierre (on the Ohio in 1753) was of the other branch, the Le Gardeur de Repen- tigny. He in 1781 com. the squadron which pursued Arnold in Chesapeake Bay, and took " The Romulus " (44) and several transports. In 1789 he was a commodore, and com. the 8th squadron at Rochefort. Tilley, SAMUEL LEONARD, Canadian statesman, b. Queen s Co., N.B., 8 May, 1818 Educated at the grammar-school. Entered the Assembly from St. John s in 1851 ; member of the govt. and prov. sec. of New Brunswick Nov. 1854-May, 1855; re-app. in July, 1857, and was leader of the govt. Mar. 1861-Mar. 1865; member of the govt. and prov. sec. since Apr. 1866 ; delegate to Canada upon the ques tions of inter-colonial trade and railways 1861- 3, and in 1864 on the question of union ; also to the imperial govt. on the same subjects in 1861-2 and in 1866-7 ; minister of customs in the Dominion govt. since 1867. Men of the Time. Tillinghast, FRANCIS, judge, b. R, I. 1743; d. E. Greenwich, R.I., 26 Aug. 1821. An active patriot of the Revol. ; was some time member of the Assembly; M.C. 1797-9 and 1801-3 ; some years judge of the Supreme Court. Tillinghast, JOSEPH LEOXARD, lawyer and scholar, b. Taunton, Ms., 1791 ; d. Provi dence, R.I., Dec. 30, 1844. Brown U. 1819. He removed to R.I. in his boyhood ; studied law, and devoted himself to its practice in Providence with marked success ; and to him is due the improved judiciary and free-school sys tem of the State. Many years a representative to the State Assembly, during a great part of the time filling with great ability the post of speaker; and was M.C. in 1837-43. He pub. "Oration on Gen. Greene," 1813; "Eulogy on Adams and Jefferson," 1826 ; "Address on Domestic Industry," 1827; speeches in Con gress, &c. TIL 911 TOD Tillinghast, PARDON, minister of Provi dence, R.i., from 1645 to his d. Jan. 29, 1718, b. Beachy Head, Eng., 1622. He built, at his own expense, a meeting-house at the north end of the town in 1700. In 1689 he pub. a tract on Baptism, which was replied to by George Keith the Quaker. NICHOLAS his grandson, judge and lieut.-gov. of R. I. (b. Prov. 26 May, 1726, d. Taunton, 26 Feb. 1797), was a loyalist. Tilton, JAMES, M.D. (Phila. Coll. 1771), an eminent physician, b. Kent Co., Del., June 1, 1745; d. near Wilmington, Del., May 14, 1822. After an academical education at Not tingham under Dr. Finley, he studied at the Phila. Medical School, graduating with its first class. He practised in Dover, Del., till 1776, when he relinquished a lucrative practice to become a surgeon in a Del. regt., with which he served at Long Island and White Plains. Early in 1777 he was made hospital-surgeon, and held that post throughout the war. In the hard winter of 1779-80 he improved the hos pital huts by having earthen instead of wooden flooring. When the army was disbanded, he resumed practice in Dover ; was a delegate to the Cont. Congress in 1783-5; was repeatedly a member of the State legisl. ; was commiss. of loans 1785-1801 ; and in 1812 was app. physician and surgeon -gen. U. S. A. The climate of Dover compelled his removal to the hills of New Castle, where he soon obtained full practice, and secured the confidence of the people. After practising several years in Wil mington, he purchased and improved a small farm in the vicinity, to which he removed. In July and Aug. 1813 he examined the hospitals of the northern frontier, into which he soon in troduced salutary changes, according to the principles of his work on " Military Hospitals." Many years pres. of the Med. Society of Del. Beside the above-named work he pub. papers on the Curculio, on Peach-Trees, and the Diseases and Insects to which they are sub ject; "Answers to Queries on the State of Husbandry in Delaware." Thacher. Tilton, THEODORE, author, b. N.Y. City, 2 Oct. 1835. Y,C. From 1856 to 1871 he was connected with the Independent, of which he was some years editor. He has pub. the Amer. Board and Amer. Slavery, 18mo, 1860; Memorial of Mrs. Browning, prefixed to her last poems, 1862; "The Fly," 1865; " Golden-haired Gertrude," 1865 ; " The Two Hungry Kittens," 1865 ; " The King s Rinu:," 1866; "The True Church," 1867; "The Sexton s Tale and Other Poems," 1867. He has also pub. many tracts and speeches chiefly in opposition to slavery ; contrib. to " Lyrics of Loyalty " and to " Eminent Women of the Age," and is preparing for publication a col lection of his essays and sketches. AUibone. Timon, JOHN, D.D., R.C. bishop of Buf falo (consec. 17 Oct. 1847) ; d. there 16 Apr. 1867; b. Pa. 1795. Educated at Baltimore, and at the "Barrens," Mo. He was many years a missionary in the West, and became vicar apostolic of Texas ; he was greatly beloved, and, during the Rebellion, was devoted to the national cause. Tingey, THOMAS, commo. U.S.N., b. Eng. 1750; d. Washington, D.C., 23 Feb. 1829. App. capt. U.S.N. 3 Sept. 1798; com. " The Ganges" (24) in 1799; captured many French armed vessels. He had been 50 years in the U.S. naval service, and 28 years in command of the Washington navy-yard. Titcomb, JONATHAN, Revol. patriot, b. Newbury, Ms., 1728 ; d. 1817. Member of the com. of safety and the Prov. Congress 1774-5 ; col. of a regt. in the R. I. exped. in 1778; member of the State Conv. 1780; brig.-gen. of militia; naval officer of Newburyport 1789- 1812. Titcomb, COL. MOSES, of Newbury ; killed at the battle of Lake George, Sept. 8, 1755. He was a major in Hale s Essex regt. at the capture of Louisburg in 1745, and ren dered great service there. Tocqueville (tok -vil), ALEXIS CHARLES HENRI CLEREL DE, LL.D., a French pub licist, b. Paris, July 29, 1805 ; d. Cannes, Apr. 15, 1859. Great-grandson of Mulesherbes. Adm. to the bar of Paris, he was in 1826 made a judge in Versailles, and in 1830 was pro moted. In 1831 he was, with Gustave de Beaumont, sent on a mission to the U.S. to examine the penitentiary system ; and a full report of their observations was pub. in 1.832, entitled " Du Si/steme Penitentiaire aux Etats- Unis," translated into English by Francis Lieber, 1833. De Tocqueville made himself thoroughly acquainted with the political and social institutions of the country, and pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1835, " De" la Democratie aux tats-Unis;" and was rewarded in 1836 with a prize by the French Institute, and in 1837 by his nomination to the Acad. of Moral and Political Science, and in 1841 to the French Acad. It was translated by Henry Reeve, with a preface and notes by J. C. Spencer, 8vo, 1838, and abridged by the latter, under the title of "American Institutions and their Influence," N.Y. 1856. Elected in 1839 to the chamber of deputies, he sat with the most moderate members of the opposition; was in 1840 the reporter of a com. upon slavery, and advocated the establishment in France of the American penitentiary system. He foretold the revol. of 1848, and in the constituent assembly strongly opposed socialism and ultra-demo cratic measures. He was app. by Gen. Ca- vaignac to represent France in the diplomatic conferences at Brussels upon Italian affairs. June 3, 1849, he became minister of foreign affairs, and strongly supported the French exped. to Rome ; but, dissatisfied with the policy of Louis Bonaparte, resigned his office before the end of the year, and sat with the opposition. Dec. 2, 1851, he was one of the deputies who protested against the coup d e at, and was incarcerated, but was released in a few days. Withdrawing from public life, he in 1856 pub. " L Ancien Regime et la Rtfcolution." In 1859 his "(Euvres et Correspondance Ine di le i" was pub. with a biog. notice by his friend G. de Beaumont. Appleton. Tod, DAVID, statesman, b. Younirstown, O., Feb. 21, 1805; d. there Nov. 13, 1868. Son of Judge George Tod ; received from him a careful and thorough training, and in 1827 was adra. to the bar, practising at Warren 15 TOD 912 TOM years. In 1838 he defeated his Whig competi tor for the State senate ; in 1840 he took the stump for Van Buren ; in 1844 he was nomi nated gov., and was beaten by a few votes ; minister to Brazil 1847-51 ; a delegate to the Charleston Convention in 1860, he warmly supported Mr. Douglas, and was first vice-pres. of that body ; when the southern wing of the Democ. party withdrew at Baltimore, Mr. Tod became presiding officer. He warmly advo cated the peace measures before and after the Peace Congress at Washington. Elected gov. of O. in 1862 by an overwhelming majority, he gave to the govt. a firm, unflinching support during his term of two years. Tod, GEORGE, lawyer and jurist, b. Suf- field, Ct., 11 Dec. 1773; d. Warren Co., 0., 11 Apr. 1841. Y.C. 1795. In 1800 he settled in Georgetown, O. State senator in 1804-5; judge of the Sup. Court 1806-9; pres. judge 3d judicial dist. 1815-34 ; and was subsequently prosec.-atty. for Warren Co. Lieut.-col. in the war of 1812, and disting. in defence of Fort Meigs in May, 1813. Father of Gov. Tod. Todd, COL. CHARLES SCOTT, b. near Danville, Ky., Jan. 22, 1791 ; d. Baton Rouge, La., 17 May, 1871. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1809. Son "of Judge Thomas. App. ensign Ky. Vols. ; brig, quartm. and judge-advocate of Winchester s division 1812 ; capt. 28th Inf. May, 1813 ; aide to Gen. Harrison in battle of the Thames ; assist, insp.-gen. Nov. 1, 1813 ; insp.-gen. (rank of col.) Mar. 2, 1815; sec. of state of Ky. 1817 ; member of the legist. 1817- 18; confidential agent to Colombia in 1820-1 ; envoy-extr. and minister-plenipo. to Russia 1841-5. Author of "Sketches of Civil and Military Services of W. H. Harrison," 1840. Edited the Cincinnati Republican in 1840. Todd, ELI, M.D., b. New Haven, July 22, 1769; d. Hartford, Ct., Nov. 17, 1833. Y.C. 1787. He established himself in 1 790 at Farm- ington, Ct., in his profession ; in 1819 removed to Hartford, where he had an extensive practice, and took the lead in founding the Retreat for the Insane, of which he was the physician from its foundation, Apr. 1, 1824, till his death. Pres. of the Ct. Med. Society, and of the Hop kins Med. Association. Todd, COL. JOHN, b. Pa. ; killed at the battle of Blue Licks, Ky., Aug. 19, 1782. Educated in Va. by his uncle, Rev. John ; set tled as a lawyer at Fincastle, Va. ; emig. to Ky. in 1775, and in 1776 located land near Lexington. He accomp. Col. G. R. Clarke s exped. against Kaskaskia and Vincennes, and succeeded Clarke in the com. of Kaskaskia. The Va. legisl. in 1777 app. him col. com. of the country which was erected into the county of Illinois. Col. of a frontier regt. in 1778; delegate to the Va. legisl. in 1780. Collins. Todd, JOHN, D. D. (Wms. Coll. 1845), clergyman and author, b. Rutland, Vt., Oct. 9, 1800. Y.C. 1822; Andover Sem. 1823; and ord. minister of the Cong, church at Gro- ton, Jan. 3, 1827. In 1833 he was settled over the Edwards Church, Northampton; in 1836 over the First Cong. Church in Phila. ; and from Feb. 1842 to Sept. 1870 was pastor of the First Cong.. Church, Pittsfield, Ms. He was a founder of the Mt. Holyoke Female Sem. Author of "Lectures to Children," 2 vols.; "Student s Manual;" " The Sabbath- school Teacher," 1836; "The Lost Sister of Wyoming." 1841; "Bible Companion;" "Great Cities, their Moral Influence," 1841 , " The Young Man," 1843 ; " Simple Sketches," 2 vols. 1843; " The Daughter at School," 1854; "Summer Gleanings," 1852; "Truth made Simple," 1839 ; " Stories on the Shorter Cate chism," 2 vols. 1850 ; " The Angels of the Iceberg," 1859; "Index Rerum," 1835; "Sunset Land," 1869; "Future Punish ment," 1863; "Mountain Gems," 1864; "The Water-Dove, and Other Gems," 1868 ; "Sketches and Incidents," 1866; "Polished Diamonds," 1866; "Hints and Thoughts for Christians," 1867; "Serpents in the Dove s Nest," 1867; "Woman s Rights," 1867; "Mountain-Flowers," 1869; sermons, orations, &c. ; contrib. to Sartain s and Graham s Maga zines; d. Pittsfield, Ms., Aug. 24, 1873. Todd, THOMAS, jurist, b. King a.id Queen s Co., Va., Jan. 23, 1765; d. Feb. 7, 1826. Left an orphan at 11. He received a good English education ; was a soldier of the Revol. ; emig. to Ky. in 1786, and began to practise law at Danville. Clerk of the Dist. Court of Ky. until 1799; clerk of the Court of Appeals V 1799-Dec. 1801; judge of that court 1801-6; chief justice of Ky. 1806-7; assoc. judge U.S. Sup. Court, March 3, 1807, to his death. Father of Col. C. S. Todd. Collins. Toler, RICHARD H., 23 years editor Lynch- burg Virginian; d. Richmond, Va., 1848, a. 49. Tom ("BLIND TOM"), an extraordinary musical prodigy, b. a slave in Columbus, Ga., ab. 1838. Blind from birth, and possessing little intelligence, he yet can repeat accurately upon the piano the most difficult music after once hearing it. The greatest musicians of the age have put his genius to the severest tests, and he has always triumphed. Brought north by his master in 1860, he first appeared in New York at Hope Chapel, Jan. 15, 1861, and has since travelled over America and Europe. Tomes, ROBERT, M.D. (U. of Edinb.), author, b. New-York City, 1816. Wash. Coll. 1837. He studied physic at Phila., at Edin burgh, and in the Paris hospitals ; engaged in practice at N. York; and made several voyages as surgeon in the employ of the Pacific Mail Steamship Co. He pub. "Panama" in 1855 ; "Lives of Richard Cceur de Lion and Oliver Cromwell," 1855-6; " The Bourbon Prince," 1853; "The Champagne Country," 1867; assisted in preparing " Commodore Perry s Naval Exped. to Japan," 1855, and the AmeVi- can matter in Appleton s "Cyclopaedia of Bi ography," 1856. He has puo. in serial form " Battles of America by Sea and Land," and " The War with the South, a History of the Great American Rebellion ; " and has contrib. articles for the Literary World, Evening Post, Harper s Weekly, and Harper s Mag. DUIJC- kinck. Tomlinson, GIDEON, LL.D., lawyer and statesman of Ct., b. Stratford, Dec. 31, 1780; d. Fairfield, Oct. 8, 1854. Y.C. 1802. Gide on his grandfather, an officer at the capture of Ticonderoga, d. Stratford Ct., 1766, a. 34 TOM: 013 TOR He practised law in Fairfield; was M.C. in 1818-27; gov. 1827-31 ; U.S. senator 1831-7. Tomo-Chi-Chi, Mico or Chief of the Ya- macraws, and a warm friend of the English settlers of Georgia; d. near Savannah 5 Oct. 1739. He accomp. Gen. Oglethorpe to Eng land in 1734, and was presented to the king. See Hist. Sketch of Tomo-chi-chi by C. C. Jones, Albany, 1866, Tompkins, DANIEL D., Vice-President of the (J.S., b. Scarsdale, Westchester Co., N.Y., June 21, 1774; d. Staten Island, June 11, 1825. Col. Coll. 1795. His father Jona than G. was a farmer and a patriot of the Revol,, during the whole of which he was a member of thy legisl. The son was in 1796 adm. to the bar of N.Y. City. His talents soon brought him into notice. In 1801 he was a member of the State Const. Conv. ; also served in the legisl.; M.C. in 1804-5 ; was app. judge of the Supreme Court in 1804; was gov. of the State in 1807-17, and vice-pres. of the U.S. in 1817-25; he was a chancellor of the Uni versity; in 1821 a delegate to the State Const. Conv., and was afterwards app. its. pres. In politics he belonged to the Jetfersonian school, and lent an efficient support to the national govt. during the war of 1812, in which he com. the 3d military dist. ; and by his exertions in calling out troops, and sending them into the field, he contributed largely to the national success. In a special message to the legisl. Jan. 28, 1817, he recommended the total abolition of slavery in New York ; and an act for that purpose passed, taking effect July 4, 1827. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the govern orship in 1820, and was an aspirant for the presidency ; but, owing partly to the careless manner in which he kept his accounts during the war, he was accused of being a defaulter, and in his latter days he was the victim of melancholy, and habits of intemperance. Tompkins, DANIEL D., col. U.S.A., b. N.Y. 1799; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Feb. 26, 1863. West Point, 1820, Nephew of the preceding. Capt. 31 Dec. 1835; disting. in engagement with Indians at San Vclasco ; and brev. maj. for gallantly in Florida war, Sept. 11, 1836; quartern!, (rank maj.) 22 July, 1842; brev. lieut.-col. for meritorious conduct in Mex. war, May 30, 1848; dep. quartermaster-gen, (rank lieut.-col.) 16 Sept. 1851 ; assist, quartermaster- gen, (rank of col.) Dec. 22, 1856. Tompkins, GEORGE, jurist ; d. near Jef ferson City, Mo., April 7, 1846, a. 66. He was an early settler of Mo. Judge of the Sup. Court 1828-40; chief justice 1840-6. Tompson, BENJAMIN, " learned school master and physician, and ye renowned poet of New England," according to his tombstone ; b. Braintree, July 14, 1642 ; d. April 13,1714, and is buried at Roxbury. H. U. 1662. Son of Rev. Wm. of Braintree, Ms. Was master of the public school in Boston from 1667 to 1670, when he was called to Cambridge. He was the author of an " Elegy on the Rev. Samuel Whiting " of Lynn, in Mather s " Magnalia." His chief poem is entitled " New England s Crisis." D/a/ckinck. Tonipsori, EDWARD, minister of Marsh- field, Ms., from Oct. 14, 1696, to his d. March 58 16, 1705 ; b. Apr. 20, 1665. H. U. 1684. He taught school some years at Newbury. His gravestone is thus inscribed : " Here in a tyrant s hand doth captive lie A rare synopsis of divinity." His last sermons, Heaven the Best Country, were pub. in 1712. Tonyn, PATRICK, a British gen., gov. of East Florida 1775-83 ; d. Lond. 30 Dec. 1804, a. 79. App. a capt. in the 6th Dragoons, May 15, 1751, with which he served in Germany in 1758; in 1761 was lieut.-col. of the 104th, and attained the rank of gen. Jan. 1, 1798. Toombs, ROBERT, politician, b. Washing ton, Wilkes Co., Ga., July 2, 1810. Un. Coil. 1828. He read law at the U. of Va., and prac tised it until his election to Congress in 1845 ; he was a capt. of vols. under Gen. Scott in the Creek war of 1836 ; was a member of the lower branch of the State legisl. in 1837-45, with the exception of the year 1841 ; M.C. 1845-53 ; entered the senate during the 33d Congress ; was re-elected in 1859, and expelled Mar. 14, 1861. In Congress he served on important committees ; was a prominent member of the extreme Soiithern party, and, after the election of Pres. Lincoln, was a leader in the secession of Ga. He strongly advocated secession in a speech at Milledgeville, Nov. 15, 1860, and in the U.S. senate, Jan. 7, 1861. He was a mem ber of the Confed. Congress which met at Mont gomery Feb. 4 ; was provis. sec. of State from Feb. 21 to Sept. 1861 ; and was a brig.-gen. in the Confed. army. Up to 1850 he belonged to the Whig party. Torbert, GEN. ALFRED T. A., b. Del. West Point, 1855. Entering the 5th Inf., he served in Florida in 1856-7 ; Utah exped. 1 857- 60; capt. 25 Sept. 1861 ; col. 1st N. J. Vols. 16 Sept. 1861 ; engaged in the Peninsular cam paign ; com. brigade of 6th corps in battles of Manassas, South Mountain (where he was wounded), and at Antietam ; brig.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; engaged at Gettysburg, and brev. maj. U.S.A. 4 July, 1863 ; com. divis. of cav., Army of Potomac, May-July, 1 864 ; and in nu merous actions, including Hawes s Shop, Cold Harbor, Trevillian Station, and Darbytown ; chief of cavalry in the Shenandoah campaign, and in the battles there in Aug.-Oct. 1864; brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A. 28 May, 1864, for battle of Hawes s Shop; col. 19 Sept. 1864 for Win chester ; brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for Cedar Creek, and for gallant and meritorious service during the Rebellion. Re signed 31 Oct. 1866. Consul-gen, to Havana 1871. Min. to Salvador 1869-71. Torquemada (tor-ka-ma -da), a Spanish monk of the 16th century. Author of a histo ry of Mexico, entitled " Monarchia Indiana," pub. at Seville in 1615, and at Madrid in 1723. Torrey, CHARLES TURNER, a Cong, min ister, b. Scituate, Ms., 1813 ; d. Baltimore, May 9, 1846. Y. C. 1833. He m. a dau. of Rev. Jacob Ide, D.D. ; and was settled first at Princeton, and then at Salem, but soon relin quished his eligible professional position to la bor for the subversion of African slavery. De tected in the attempt to aid some slaves to es cape from Md., he was tried, convicted, and sentenced to a long ^mprisonment in the State 914 TO CJ prison, where he died of consumption. Author ot " Home, or the Pilgrim s Faith Revived/ and " Memoir of Win. R. Saxton," 1838. Torrey, JOHN, M.D., (Coll. of Phys. and 8urg. 1818), LL.D., botanist and chemist, b. N.Y. City 1798. He was at one time pres. of the N.Y. Lyceum of Nat. Hist., to the "An nals" of which he largely contributed. He pub. in 1817 a catalogue of the plants growing within 30 miles of N.Y. ; in 1824 the first vol. of the "Flora of the Northern U.S. ;" and in 1 826 his " Compendium " of the same. In 1 838, u ith his former pupil, Dr. Asa Gray, he com menced the more extended " Flora of N. Amer ica/ which he carried as far as the close of the great order Compositor. He also prepared the botanical part of the Reports of the Nat. Hist. Soc. of the State of N.Y. (2 vols. 1843-4), and in connection with Dr. Gray he examined and described in the govt. exploring-expeds. a large portion of the new plants, shrubs, and trees col lected by those expeditions. He was also very actively occupied in chemical and mineralogi es! investigations. In 1824 he was prof, of chemistry in the West-Point Milit. Acad ; prof, of botany and chemistry in the Coll. of Phys. and Surg., N.Y., 1827-55, when he was made emeritus prof. ; from 1828 to 1854 he was prof, of chemistry at N. J. Coll.; and in 1853 was app. assaye r in the U.S. assay-office, N.Y. In 1860 he presented to Columbia Coll., N.Y., his valuable herbarium ; d. N.Y. City, Mar. 10, 73. Torrey, JOSEPH, D.D. (H.U. 1850), Cong, clergyman, and scholar, b. Rowley, Ms., Feb. 2, 1797; d. Burlington, Vt., Nov. 26, 1867. Dartm. Coll. 1816; And. Theol. Scm. 1819. Ord. and settled as pastor at Royalton, Vt., 1819-27; prof, of Greek and Latin in the U. of Vt. 1827-42; prof, of intell. and moral phi- los. from 1 842 until his decease ; and pres. of the U. from 1863 until compelled by ill-health to resign in 1865. He edited Dr. Jas. March s uupub. papers, accompanying them with an interesting Memoir; and also edited ably, and with great care, Neander s " Church History." He edited Dr. Worthiugton Smith s sermons, and prefixed a Memoir. Torrey, CAPT. WILLIAM, of Wcymouth, one of the first military officers and authors of the Ms. Colony ; was a justice of the peace, a freeman in 1642, several years a representative, usually clerk of the deputies, and capt. of the train-band, as high a rank as then existed. He was a good penman, "skilled in Latin," and wrote a book on the millennium, entitled " A Discourse concerning Futurities to Come, written by a Very Old Man in Continual Ex pectation of his Translation into Another Life and World," a 4to of about 60 pages, 2d ed., with a preface by Prince, 8vo, 1757. Eliot. Totten, GEORGE MUIRSO^, engineer, b. N. Haven, Ct,, May 28, 1809. Partridge s Milit. Acad. 1826. He became a civil cngr. at 18, and until 1844 was employed on railroads and canals in Ms., Ct., Pa., N. J., Va., and N.C. He was next engaged for 5 years on the survey and construction of the Canal del Diqm in N. "Granada; and in 1849 was app. engr.-in- chief of the Panama Railroad, which in 1855 he successfully completed. He has since been engaged in engineering in the U.S. Totten, JOSEPH GILBERT, brev. rnaj.-gen U.S.A., b. New Haven, Ct., Aug. 23, 1788; d. Washington, D.C., Apr. 22, 1 864. West Point (Kent, of engineers), 1805. Capt. 31 July, 1812 ; chief engr. of the army in the campaigns of 1812-13 on the Niagara ; (listing, in capture of Fort George, 27 May, 1813 ; brev. maj. for meritorious service, June 6, 1813; chief engr. of Gens. Izard and Macomb s div. in 1814 at Lake Champlain; brev. liout.-col. for gallant conduct at the battle of Piattsburg, Sept. 1 1 , 1814; maj. Nov. 12, 1818; lieut.-col. May 24, 1828; col. and chief engr. Dec. 7, 1838 ; chief engr. of the army of Gen. Scott in the siege of Vera Cruz ; commiss. at capitulation of Vera Cruz, Mex., March 25, 1847 ; brev. brig.-gen. for gallantry at the siege of Vera Cruz, 23 Mar. 1847. A regent of the Smithsonian In stitution 1846-64. Brig.-gen. and chief of engrs. U.S.A. 3 Mar. 1863; brev. maj .-gen. 21 April, 1864. The fortifications of Newport, R.I., and other defensive works built by him, are enduring monuments to his memory. Au thor of " Report on the Subject of National Defences," Washington, 1851 ; and translator of " Vicat on Mortars." Cullum. Toucey, ISAAC, LL.D., politician and law yer, b. Newtown, Ct., Nov. 5, 1796; d. Hart ford, July 30, 1869. Descended from Rev. Thos., first Cong, minister of Newtown (Y.C. 1707). He received a common-school educa tion ; adopted the profession of law ; was adm. to the Hartford bar in 1818, and was State- atty. for his native county in 1822-35; M.C- 1835-9; State-atty. 1842-4; gov. of Ct. in 1846-7 ; in 1848-9 U.S. atty.-gcn.; State sena tor in 1851 ; member of the Assembly in 1852 ; U.S. senator 1852-7; and from 1857 to 1861 sec. of the navy. He wielded a powerful influ ence by his coolness, deliberation, and judicial cast of mind. " In justice to his memory it must be said, that the charges made against him, that, while sec. of the navy under Mr. Bu chanan, he deliberately sent away o;ir vessels to distant seas to prevent their use in suppressing secession at its commencement, and that he favored and aided secession, have very slight foundation in truth. He avowed that he op posed secession in the cabinet as wholly inad missible under the Constitution; though his personal feelings were known to be with the South, and in opposition to the war." Toulmin, HARRY, jurist and author, b. Taunton, Eng., 1767; d. Washington Co., Ala., Nov. 11, 1823. Son of the eminent Dr. Joshua Toulmin. Was a dissenting minister for several years at Chorobert, Lancashire; came to Norfolk, Va., in 1793 ; pres. of Tran- sylv. U. 1 794-6 ; sec. of state of Ky . 1 796-1 804 ; app. judge of U.S. Dist. Court of Mpi. 1804. Compiled "Digest of Territorial Laws of Ala/ in 1823. Assisted in framing the consticuuon of Ala. in her conv., and served in her Icgisl. Author of "Description of Kentucky," 8vo, 1792; "Magistrate s Assistant," 8vo"; "Sup posed Welsh Indians," Nic. Jour., 1803 ; " Col lection of the Acts of Kentucky," 1802 ; with James Blair, " Review of the Grim. Law of Ky.," 8vo, 1804. Touro, JUDAH, philanthropist, of Jewish descent, b. Newport, R. I., June 16, 1775; d TOTJ 915 TOW N. Orleans, Jan. 18, 1854. His father, Rev. Isaac, came from Holland, and in 1762 became priest of the synagogue at Newport. In 1798 Judah sailed as supercargo to the Mediterra nean for his uncle. During the voyage, the ship in which he sailed came off victorious in a desperate conflict with a French privateer. Af ter residing some time in Boston, he in 1802 removed to New Orleans, where he became a merchant, and acquired a fortune, which he be queathed principally to the public institutions of that city. In 1815 he served as a soldier at the battle of New Orleans, and was wounded in the hip by a cannon-ball, from the effects of which he never entirely recovered. Though of the Jewish faith, he contributed liberal sums to many Christian enterprises, among which may be mentioned the donation of a valuable building-lot to the cong. of Rev. Mr. Clapp for the First Cong. Church of N.O. He gave $10,000 towards the Bunker-hill Monument. Toussaint L Ouverture (too-san loo- veV-tuY), FRANQOIS DOMINIQUE, a Haytien gen., b. near Cape St. Francois, 1743; d. in the dungeon of St. Joux, France, Apr. 27, 1803, of starvation. His parents were negro slaves. By intelligence and faithfulness he was raised to important posts on his master s estate, and was able to acquire some mental cultivation. In 1791, when the mulattoes ap pealed to the negroes for help against the tyr anny of the colonial govt, Toussaint incurred the hostility of his race by remaining quiet and faithful. He joined the negro army subse quently in a medical capacity ; was soon made brig.-gen. ; disting. himself by the capture of the entire army of Brandicourt, the gen. of the whites, also taking Doudon, an important post; July 27, 1795, he took Marmelade, an other important post, defeated the French col. Desfburneaux, and seized Emery and Gonaives. Toussaint soon after declared for France, being already com. in chief of the black forces, formed a junction with Laveaux, received the ca pitulation of the entire English force at St. Marc, and drove the Spanish from the W. por tion of the island. In 1796 he was app. com.- in-chief of St. Domingo by Santhonax, the French commiss., and succeeded in restoring order and industry to the island; in 1799 he completely quelled the mulatto insurrection of Rigaud ; Nov. 26, 1800, he assumed the govt. under the French Directory alone ; and in Jan. 1801 the whole island became subject to his sway. He labored successfully to restore in dustry, to remove prejudice, and to establish good order. A constitution was drawn up ; he was named pres. for life ; and free trade was established. These measures gave so much offence to Bonaparte, who had not been con sulted previously, that he at once resolved to u-ie a disaffected portion of his then unem ployed army to subjugate and re-enslave the blacks. Gen. Leclerc was sent in Nov. 1801 with 30,000 men ; drove them, after a sangui nary conflict, from the seaports into the moun tain fastnesses, and finally, by promises and cajole ry, won over Christophe, Dessalines, and the orlier generals. The destruction of Tous saint having been determined upon, he was invited to aa interview at Gonaives with Gen. Brunet ; was seized by an armed force, and takei to France; reached Paris Aug. 17, 1802; wat confined in the Temple, and without a trial was transferred to the dungeons of the Castle of Joux, in the dpt. of Doubs. Deprived of all society, subjected to intense cold, with insuffi cient clothing and food, the heroic old man appealed repeatedly, but in vain, for a trial. Finding that his appeals for a trial produced no response, he commenced his defence, which was transmitted to Bonaparte. His Memoirs have been pub. by Saint-Remy, Paris, 1850 ; by J. R. Beard, London, 1853; and by J. Red- path, 1863 ; and he was made the subject of a lecture by Wendell Phillips, 1863. Toussard, COL. Louis, b. France, 1749 ; d. N. Orleans ab. 1 820. Originally an artillery- officer in the regt. of La Fere. In Mar. 17^7 he arrived in America with other officers recom mended by Silas Deane; in June received a lieutenant s commiss. ; was afterward aide to Lafayette; lost an arm at Rhode Island in the fall of 1778; and soon after received from Congress the brev. of lieut.-col. and a pension for life. He afterward served the French govt. in the W. Indies. He returned to the U.S. in 1794; was app. major in Feb. 1795; lieut.-col. 2d Art. in 1800; disb. Jan. 1802. Afterward French consul at N. Orleans (1812- 15). Author of " Artillerist s Companion," 2 vols. 8vo, Phila., 1809. Tower, ZEALOUS BATES, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Boston ab. 1819. West Point, 1841 (first in his class). Received his early education at the Boston High School. App. 2d lieut. of engrs. ; assist, prof, of eng. Aug. 31, 1842, to Apr. 4, 1843; brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Cerro Gerdo, April 18 ; capt. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20 ; and ma jor for gallantry at Chapultepec, Sept. 8, 1847 ; made 1st lieut. Apr. 24, 1847; capt. 1 July, 1855; major, Aug. 6, 1861 ; lieut.-col. Nov. 4, 1865; brig.-gen. vols. Nov. 23, 1861; chief engr. of defences of Fort Pickens, Fla., Feb. 1861 to May, 1862; and in the Northern Va. campaign, July-Aug. 1862 ; was in the battles of Cedar Mountain, Rappahannock Station, and Thoroughfare Gap. He com. a brigade in the second battle of Bull Run, and was wound ed ; was chief engr. of the defences of Nash ville, Tenn., 28 Sept. 1864 to July, 1865; en gaged in repulse of Hood, and battle of Nash ville, 15 and 16 Dec. 1864. Member of the board of engrs. since 18 May, 1867 ; brev. lieut.- col. 23 Nov. 1861 for the defence of Fort Pickens, Fla. ; col. for Cedar Mountain 9 Aug. 1862 ; brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for battle of Groveton, Va., and for gal lant and merit, services during the Rebellion. He pub. in 1843 " Illustrations of the Croton Aqueduct," 4to, plates. Cullum. Town, ITHIEL, architect, b. Thompson, Ct., 1784; d. N. Haven, Ct., 13 June, 1844. Author of Descript. of his Improvement in Construction of Bridges, 8vo, 1821, 4to, N.Y., 1839; and Schoolhouse Architecture. He also pub. Adm. Sir George Collier s Journal -n the "Rainbow," 1776-9, N.Y., 1835. Towne, SALEM, LL.D., teacher, and com piler of school-books, b. Belchertown, Ms., March 5, 1779; d. Greencastle, Ind., Feb. 24, 916 TOW 1864. Rel. <f Gen. SALEM, a Rcvol. officer (b. Oxford, 2 Nov. 1746; d. Charlton, Ms., 23 July, 1825), a resident of Aurora, N.Y. ; 40 years a teacher in N.Y. He was at one time a member of the N.Y. senate. Author of " Specu lative Masonry," 1818; "Analysis of Deriva tive Words," 1836; also a series of Readers and Spellers. Towns, GEORGE W. B., statesman, b. Wilkes Co., Ga., May 4. 1801 ; d. Macon, Ga., July 15, 1854. Of a Va. family. His father was disting. at the battles of Cowpens and Etitaw. Commencing life as a merchant, he was adm. to the bar of Ala. in 1824, and for a time edited a political paper. In 1826 he set tled in Talbot Co., Ga. ; served several years in both branches of the State legisl. ; was M.C. in 1835-9 and in 1845-7 ; and was gov. of Ga. in 1847-51. Miller, Bench and Bar of Ga. Townsend, EDWARD DAVIS, adj.-gen. U.S.A.,b.Bost. 12Aug. 1817. W.P t., 37. Son of Maj. D. S., and grandson of Dr. David (I75. c -1829), surgeon Rcvol. army. He served in the Florida war ; was made assist, adj.-gen. (rank capt.) 8 Aug. 1846; maj. 15 July, 1852; col. 3 Aug. 1861 ; adj.-gen. (rank brig.-gen.) 22 Feb. 1869; brev maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. Townsend, ELIZA, poetess, b. Boston, 1739; d. there Jan. 12, 1854. She contrib. anonymously to the Monthly Anthology, Unita rian Miscellany, Portfolio, and other periodi cals, religious and moral pieces ; among them verses on " The Incomprehensibility of God; " "An Occasional Ode," written in June, 1809, in which she comments with severity on the career of Napoleon; "Lines to Robert Sou- they," written in 1812; and "The Rain bow," pub. in the Gen. Repository and Review. In 1856, her sister, MART P. TOWNSEND (d. 1861), privately printed a collection of her poems. Duyclcinck. Townsend, JOHN K., naturalist, b. Phila. 1809; d. 1861. Author of "Narrative of a Journey across the Rocky Mountains, and a Visit to the Sandwich Islands, Chili, &c., 1833-7," 8vo, 1839; "Sporting Excursions in the Rocky Mountains," &c., 2 vols. 8vo, 1840; " Ornithology of the U.S., No. 1 ," 1 839. Con trib. to Jour. ofAcad. of Nat. Sci. of Phila. AUibone. Townsend, COL. PENN, b. Boston, Dec, 20, 1651 ; d. there Aug. 21, 1727. Son of William, who was in Boston 1636. Was a tvine-merchant ; a leading man in town-all airs many years; a representative, 1686-98; after ward speaker of the house ; one of the council, 1721 ; and chief judge of the Suffolk Superior Court. He was often capt. of the A. and H. Art. Co., and col. of the Boston Regt. 1703. He was one of the agents to superintend the military forces destined against Port Royal in 1 707, and was a patron of learning. Townsend, ROBERT, capt. U.S.N., b. Al bany, 1819; d. China, Aug. 15, 1866. Un. Coll. 1835. Entering the navy, he took part in the capture of Vera Cruz in 1847 ; was act ing Hem, at the capture of N. Orleans ; com. the iron-clad " Essex " at the siege of Port Hudson ; and was a division-corn, under Admi ral Porter in the Red-river campaign. Townsend, VIRGINIA FRANCES, b. N. Haven, Ct. Author of "Living and Lov ing; " " While it was Morning," 1859 ; " Buds from Christmas-Boughs," 1 859 ; "By and By ; " " Amy Dean," 1862 ; " Well in the Rock," &c., 1863; "Temptation and Triumph," 1863; " Battle-Fields of our Fathers," 1864 ; " Janet Strong," 1865; "Darryl Gap," 1866; "The Hollands," 1869; "Joanna Darling," 1871. Editor of Arthur s Home Mag., and contrib. to periodicals. AUibone. Townshend, CHARLES, an English states man, b. Aug. 29, 1725 ; d. Sept. 4, 1767. Sec ond son of Charles, the third viscount. In 1747 he entered parliament, and acquired a bright reputation as an orator ; in June, 1 749, he was app. a commiss. of trade and planta tions ; in 1756 a member of the privy council ; in Mar. 1761 sec. at war; in Feb. 1763 first lord of trade and plantations; in June, 1765, paymaster-gen, and chancellor of the exche quer; and a lord of the treasury in Aug. 1766. " He had voted, and in the year 1 765 had been an advocate, for the Stamp Act. He therefore attended at the private meeting in which reso lutions leading to its repeal were settled ; and he would have spoken for that measure too, if illness had not prevented him. The very next session, as the fashion of this Avorld p*asseth away, the repeal began to be in as bad odor as the Stamp Act had been before. To conform to the temper which began to prevail, and to pro vail mostly among those most in power, he declared that revenue must be had out of America." June 2, 1767, he introduced into the house of commons the celebrated resolutions imposing duties upon paper, tea, and other articles im ported into the American Colonies, which event ually led to their revolt and independence. Says Macaulay, " He was a man of splendid talents, of lax principles, and of boundless vanity and presumption." Townshend, GEORGE, marquis, an Eng. field-marshal, b. Feb. 28, 1724; d. Sept. 14, 1807. Eldest son of the third viscount, whom he succeeded in May, 1767. He served at the battles of Dettingen, Fontenoy, Cullodcn, and Laffeldt; and, in the exped. to Canada under Wolfe, com. a division. After the first battle of the Plains of Abraham, and the death of Wolfe, he took com. of the army, and five days after received the capitulation of DC Ramsay. He then returned to Eng. ; was M.P. in 1754-64 ; rose to the highest rank in the army ; became a privy councillor ; was lord lieut. of Ireland in 1 767-72 ; and was created marquis Oct. 6, 1787. Towson, GEN. NATHAN, b. near Balti more, Jan. 22, 1784; d. Washington, D.C., July 20, 1 854. Previous to the war of 1 81 2 he com. a company of vol. art., and was adj. of the 7th Md. Regt. In Mar. 1812 he was app. a capt. in the Id U.S. Art., and Oct. 9, aided by Lieut. Elliot of the navy, captured the British brig " Caledonia," under the guns of Fort Erie. He was engaged in the battle of Quecnstown, in the capture of Fort George, the affair at Stony Creek, and on the 17th of July, 1813, he was wounded in repelling an attack of the British on the outworks of Fort George, U.C. During the campaign of 1814, Towson com. a battery in one of the divisions 917 of Gen. Brown s army. Being attached to the brig-ade of Scott, he participated in the capture of Fort Erie, July 4 ; was detailed with his battery to bring on the battle of Chippewa. In this conflict Towson bore a conspicuous part, and contributed greatly to the success of the day. In the obstinately-contested battle of Niagara, July 25 (the hardest fought and most sanguinary of the war), Capt. Towson was in the front rank from first to last. Aug. 1 5 he performed a most important part, and in the defence of Fort Erie elicited from Gen. Riplcy the highest encomiums on his skill and valor. In May, 1816, he received brevets of major and lieut.-col. for his achievements ; was in 1819 app. paymaster-gen. ; in 1834 received the brev. of brig.-gen., and in Mar. 1849 that of maj.-gen., for meritorious services per formed during the Mexican war. In 1816 he m. Sophia, dau. of Caleb Bingham of Boston. Tracy, ALEXANDER DE PROUVILLE, Mar- ?uis de, was viceroy of New France in 1663. le was a lieut.-gen. in the French army, and had served on the Continent with distinction. Before arriving in Canada, he had retaken Cayenne from the Dutch, and brought several islands of the contiguous archipelago under French domination. He was one of the most able and popular of the French officials ever sent to Canada. During his brief sway of 18 mouths, he established a military aristocracy, fortified the country against the encroachments of the Iroquois, and concluded a peace with them of 1 8 years duration, which was of great benefit to the country, long harassed with their sanguinary inroads ; d. April 28, 1670. Tracy, REV. EBENEZER CARTER, b. Hart ford, Ct., 10 June, 1796 ; d. Windsor, Vt., 15 May, 1862. Dartin. Coll. 1819; And. Sera. 1 822. Tutor at D.C. 1823-5. Editorially con nected with the N. Y. Jour, of Commerce, Jour, of Humanity, and Boston Recorder. Edited the \ r t. Chronicle 1826-8 and 1834-62. Author of " Life of Jeremiah Evarts," 8vo, 1845. Tracy, JOSEPH, D.D. (Vt. U. 1859), au thor, b. Hartford, Vt., Nov. 3, 1794. Dartm. Coll. 1814. Pastor of the Cong, churches at Thctford and West Fairlee, Vt., from June 26, 1821, to 1829. Edited the Chronicle at Wind sor, Vt., 5 years, and the Boston Recorder 1 year ; and afterward sec. of the Colonization Society at Boston. Resided at Beverly, Ms. He pub. "Three Last Things;" "History of the Amer. Board ; " " The Great Awakening," 1842 ; " Memorial of the Colon. Soc. Centen.," 15 Jan. 1867; d. Beverly, Ms., Mar. 24, 1874. Tracy, GEN. R. D., b. N.C. ; killed at the battle of Port Gibson, May 1, 1863. He was col. of a N.C. regt. until promoted in 1862 to bris.-gen. C.S.A. Tracy, URIAH, b. Franklin, Ct., Feb. 2, 1755; d. Washington, D.C., July 19, 1807. Y.C. 1778. Adm. to the bar 1781; practised law successfully in Litchfield, Ct., many years ; member Ct. legisl. in 1788-93; M.C. in 1793- 6; U.S. senator in 1796-1807, and pres. pro \ern. in 1800. He was also a major-gen, of militia. Traill, CATHERINE PARR (STRICKLAND), Canadian auth< ress, b. ab. 1805 ; sister of Ag ues Strickland; m. Lljut. Traill in 1832. At 16 she wrote a series of popular juvenile books, and after her marriage emig. to Canada. Shd has pub. " Backwoods of Canada," " Canadian Crusoes," "Rambiings in the Canadian For est/ " Female Emigrant s Guide," " Forest- Trees and Wild-Flowers of West Canada/ "Lady Mary and her Nurse," 1856. Morgan. Train, CHARLES R., lawyer, b. Framing- ham, Ms., 18 Oct. 1817. Brown U. 1837. Com pleted his legal studies at Cambridge. Adm. to the bar in 1841 ; member Ms. legisl. 1847 ; U.S. district-atty. for Northern Ms. 1848-51 ; member State Const. Conv. 1853; councillor 1857-8; M.C. 1859-63; vol. aide on the staff of Gen. Gordon, and present at Antietam ; again member Ms. legisl. 1871. Practises law in Boston. With F. F. Heard, author of "Pre cedents of Indictments," 8vo, 1855. Train, GEORGE FRANCIS, b. Boston, 1830; was a merchant there and in Australia. In 18601 he devoted himself to the introduction of street-railways in London, but, not succeed ing, returned to the U. S. in 1862, and be came noted as a public speaker on the issues of the day. Among his publications are " An American Merchant in Europe, Asia, and Aus tralia," 1857 ; " Young America in Wall St.," 1858; " Spread-Eagleism," 1859; "Observa tions on Street-Railways," Liverpool, 1860; &c. Many of his speeches have been published. Allibone. Trail, RUSSELL THACHER, M.D., physi cian, b. Vernon, Ct., Aug. 5, 1812. Brought up on a farm. Ill-health led him to study medi cine, which he practised for some time. Re moving in 1840 to New York, he studied the systems of homoeopathists, hydropathics, &c., and abandoned the use of drugs under all cir cumstances, as contrary to the laws of nature. Since 1 843 he has presided over a water-cure establishment in N.Y., and in 1853 established in connection with it a medical school for pupils of both sexes, chartered in 1857 as the New- York Hygeio-Therapeutic College, and in which he is prof, of theory and practice. He has edited various journals advocating tem perance and hydropathy ; is the author of a " Prize Essay on Temperance; " " Hydropathic Encyclopaedia," 1852; " Hydropathic Cook- Book," 1854; "Uterine Diseases and Dis placements," 1855; "Home Treatment for Sexual Abuses ; " " The Alcoholic Controver sy;" "The Complete Gymnasium," 1857; " Prize Essay on Tobacco ; " " Diseases of the Throat and Lungs ; " " Pathology of the Re productive Organs ; " " Diphtheria ; " " The Scientific Basis of Vegetarianism ; " " Water- Cure for the Million ; " " Nervous Debility ; " "Lectures on Drug-Medicines ; " "Lectures on Diseases of Females ; " " Principles of Hygcio- Therapy;" "Sexual Physiology," *1866, "Hand-Book of Hygienic Practice," 1865. Appleton. Trantham, MRS. BETSEY, b. Germany; d. Marcy Co., Tenn., Jan. 10, 1834, at the great age of 154. She emig. to Amer. when the first settlement was made in N.C. in 1710. At the age of 120 her eyesight became almost ex tinct, but during the last 20 years of her life it was as perfect as ever. At the time of hei death she had entirely lost the sense of taste 918 TKE Ai the age of 65 she bore her only child, who was living in 1835. Trask, WILLIAM BLAKE, antiquary, b. Dorchester, Ms., Nov. 25, 1812. Descended from Capt. William Trask, who settled in Salem prior to 1628, and who com. a company in the Pequot wars. In early life he worked at the trade of a cabinet-maker. Inheriting from his maternal grandfather, John Pierce, father of Rev. John of Brookline, a taste for historical and antiquarian pursuits, he assisted S. G. Drake in collecting materials for the notes to his History of Boston ; aided Gen. Sumner in the preparation of his History of East Boston ; was one of the authors of the His tory of Dorchester ; one of the editors of and contributors to the N.E. Hist. G eneal. Register ; and has assisted many persons in the prepara tion of their genealogies. Member of the N.E. Hist. Geneal. Soc. since 1851 ; and its histori ographer 1862-7. Travis, COL. WM. BARRETT, the hero of the Alamo, b. Conecah Co., Ala., 1811 ; killed at the Alamo, Mar. 1, 1836. He was in 1830 adm. to practice at the Monroe Co. bar, Ala., but, at the commencement of the Texan strug gle for independence, drew his sword in that cause, and fell bravely fighting a vastly superior force of Mexicans. Treadwell, DAXIEL, inventor, b. Ipswich, Ms., Oct. 10, 1791. His first invention, when quite young, was for making wood screws. In 1818 he produced a new printing-press, and in 1819 went to Eng., where he conceived the idea of a power-press, which was completed the year after his return, and widely used. In 1822 he with Dr. John Ware established and con ducted the Boston Jour, of Philos. and the Arts; in 1826 he introduced the system of turn-outs for the railroads of the U.S.; in 1829 he com pleted the first successful machine for spinning hemp-cordage. His circular hackle, or lapper, has been generally adopted w-herever hemp is spun for coarse cloth. In 1 834-45 he was Rum- ford prof, of technology in H.U. Devoting himself to improvements in cannon, he in four years perfected his method of making them of wrought iron and steel, and received contracts from govt. He described a new method, by which the cost of his gun was greatly lessened, in a Memoir before the Amer. Acad. in 1835, secured his invention by patent, and pub. an account of it in 56. D. Cambridge Feb. 27/72. Treadwell, JOHN, LL.p. (Y.C. isoo), gov. of Ct. 1809-11, b. Farmington, Ct., Nov. 23, 1745 ; d. Aug. 19, 1823. Y.C. 1767. He studied law, though, being an only son, and heir to a competent estate, not with the inten tion of practising, and settled in his native town. In 1776 he was a representative in the legisl., to which station he was, with one excep tion, annually chosen until 1 785, when he became a member of the council, from which position he was in 1798 elevated to that of lieut.-goV. ; member Old Congress 1785-6. He had been, previously to 1809, 20 years judge of probate and of the Supreme Court of Errors ; 3 years judge of the county court. He was active in establishing and managing the school-fund of the State ; and rendered great service to the cause of religion both in a private and public capacity, and was pres. of the A.B.C.F.M. from its organization until his death. In ad dition to his legal acquirements, he was well versed in literature, science, and theology, to the latter of which he contrib. some unpub. essays. Treadwell, JOHN GOODHUE, M.D., phy sician and scholar, b. Salem, Ms., Aug. 1, 1805 ; d. there Aug. 6, 1856. H.U. 1825. His father, John Dexter, M.D. (H.U. 1788), A.A.S., and a disting. physician, d. Salem, Ms., June 6, 1833, a. 65, leaving him a fortune. He estab lished himself as a physician in Salem in 1830. Besides his medical and scholarly acquire ments, he had a taste for agriculture and garden ing, in which he made careful and satisfactory experiments. His farm in Topsfield he be queathed to the Essex-Co. Agric. Society for the purpose of experimental agriculture. He bequeathed to H.U., for the foundation of a professorship of physiology and anatomy, his librarv, and an estate estimated at from $75,- 000 to $100,000. Treadwell, SEYMOUR B., politician, b. Bridgeport, Ct., June, 1 795 ; d. Jackson, Mich., 9 June, 1867. In 1838 he pub. "American Liberties, and Amer. Slavery, Illustrated ; " took charge of an antislavery paper in Mich, in 1839 ; and was twice elected commiss. of the land-office by the Free-soil party. Treat, COL. ROBERT, gov. of Ct. 1686- 1701, b. Eng. 1622; d. Milford, Ct., July 12, 1710. With his bro. Richard, he came to N.E. with Sir Richard Saltonstall, and was among the first settlers of Wethersfield. He was soon chosen one of the 5 judges; was a magistrate in 1661-5; major of the Ct. troops 1670. In Phillip s war, at the attack of Springfield by the Indians in 1675, he marched to its relief, and drove them from the town ; in their assault upon Hadley, he put them to flight, and in Dec. performed a disting. part in the destruc tion of the Indians at Fort Narraganset. In 16/6 he was elected deputy-governor. Treat, SAMUEL, first minister of Eastham, Ms., from 1672 to his d. Mar. 18, 1717; b. Milford, Ct. 1648. H.U. 1669. Son of Gov. Robert. He devoted himself successfully to the conversion of the Indians in his vicinity, and pub. the confession of faith in the Nauset In dian language; election sermon, 1713. Tredwell, THOMAS, b. Smithtown, L.I., 1742; d. Plattsburg, N. Y., Jan. 30, 1832. N.J. Coll. 1764. Member of the Prov. Con gress of N.Y. in 1774-5 ; of the Const. Convs. of 1776-7, and that of 1788, for the adoption of the Federal Constitution ; of the Assembly in 1777-83; of the State senate 1786-9 and again in 1803-7 ; first judge of the Court of Probate 1778-87; surrogate of Suffolk Co. 1787-91 ; M.C. 1791-5. One of the original proprietors of Plattsburg, N.Y., to which place he removed near the close of the last century ; represented Clinton and Essex Counties in the State Const. Conv. of 1801 ; and surrogate of Clinton Co. in 1807-31. Trelawney, GEN. HARRY ; d. Eng. 1800. Com. the battalion of Guards in Gen. Howe s army at the battle of White Plains. Trenchard, EDWARD, capt. U.S.N., b. N.J. 1784; d. Brooklyn, L.I., Nov. 3, 1824. 919 Midshipm. April 30, 1800; lieut. Feb. 18, 1807; com. July 24, 1813; capt. March 5, 1817. Trenchard, STEPHEN D., commo. U.S.N., b. New York, Oct. 23, 1817. Midshipm. Oct. 23, 1834; lieut, Feb. 27, 1847 ; com. July 16, 1862 ; capt. July 25, 1866 ; commo. 1871. At tached to coast survey 1845-9 and 1854-7 ; com. steamer " Rhode Island," supply-vessel to block, squad., 1861-5; in both attacks on Fort Fisher, Dec. 1864 and Jan. 1865; com. steam-sloop " Lancaster," flag-ship S. Atlantic squad., 1869. Hant& sly. TreSGOtt, WILLIAM HENRY, of Beaufort, S.C., b. Charleston, S.C., 1822. Sec. of lega tion to Eng. in 1852-3; under-sec, of state at Washington, D. C., 1857-60. Author of " Diplomacy of the Amer. Revolution ; " " A Few Thoughts on the Foreign Relations of the U.S.," 12mo, 1849 ; " Administration of Wash ington and Adams," 1857 ; " American View of the Eastern Question," 1854; Address be fore the S.C. Hist. Society, 1859. Trevett, CAPT. JOHN, a Re vol. patriot ; d. Newport, R.I., Nov. 1823, a. 76. In Nov. 1775 he entered as a midshipman on board " The Co lumbus," Capt. Whipple, and was soon pro moted to a lieut., in which capacity he served under Com. Hopkins, and in 1776 was attached to " The Andrea Doria," Capt. Biddle. He com. the marines in " The Providence," Capt. Hacker, and was active in the capture of New Providence. He joined the frigate " Trum- bull " in 1780, losing his right eye in an en gagement ; then cruised in " The Deane," in one of whose prizes he was taken, and carried to St. John s, and remained there two years. Trevett, CAPT. SAMUEL R., a Revol. offi cer, b. Marblehead, Ms., 1751 ; d. there Jan. 19, 1832. He disting. himself by coolness and gallantry at the battle of Bunker s Hill, where he com. a company of artillery, and again in the R.I. exped. in Aug. 1778. In 1812 Capt. T. was captured by a British vessel as he was returning from Sweden, where he had resided four years, engaged in trade. From July, 1814, till his death, he com. the U.S. revenue-cutter at Boston. His son SAMUEL RUSSELL, M.D., surgeon U.S.N., b. Marblehead 20 Aug. 1783, d. Norfolk, Va., 4 Nov. 1822. H.U. 1804. He began practice at Boston, but was app. to the navy ; served in the frigate " U.S." when she captured " The Macedonian ; " was in " The President " when captured by the British fleet in 1815 ; and disting. himself by his heroic conduct on the burning steamboat " Phoenix " on Lake Champlain in Sept. 1819. Trigg, COL. STEPHEN, b. Va. ; killed at the battle of the Blue Licks, Ky., Aug. 19, 1782. He came to Ky. in the fall of 1779 as a member of the court of land-commissioners ; settled at the mouth of Dick s River, and soon became noted for his activity against the In dians. Trigg, MAJ. WILLIAM, an early emig. to Ky. ; d. there Dec. 11, 1837. Maj. 28th U.S. Inf. March It, 1813 ; acting aide toBrig.-Gen. Hopkins in the battle of the Thames ; resigned Apr. 27, 1814. He filled ably many important offices. Trimble, ALLEN, lawyer and politician, b. Augusta Co., Va., Nov. 24, 1783 ; d. Hills- borough, 0., Feb. 2, 1870. His father Capt. James emig. in 1784 to Lexington, Ky., and d. there in Oct. 1804. Allen then settled in High land Co., O., where he was clerk of the courts, and recorder, in 1809-16 ; com. a mounted regt. under Harrison in 1812-13 ; State repre sentative in 1816; State senator in 1817-26, and speaker in 1819-26 ; acting gov. of 0. 1821-2; gov. 1826-30; and pres. of the first State Board of Agric. 1846-8. While gov. he urged the extension and improvement of the common-school system, the encouragement of manufacturing-companies, and the ameliora tion of the penitentiary system. A. T. Good man. Trimble, GEN. ISAAC R., b. Va. ab. 1800. West Point, 1822. He entered the 1st Art., but resigned May 31, 1832, and became a civil engr., and was employed in 1832-49 upon vari ous railroads. A resident of Baltimore, he took part in the secession movements there; but, on its occupation by the national forces, withdrew to the South, and was made a brig.- gen., afterward a maj.-gen., and wounded at Gettysburg, losing his left foot. Trimble, ROBERT, jurist, b. Berkeley Co., Va., 1777 ; d. Aug. 25, 1828. When he was 3 years old, his father moved to Ky. With little education, he improved his scanty opportuni ties ; taught school ; studied law with George Nicholas ; was adm. to practice in 1803 ; set tled at Paris, and was chosen to the legisl. from Bourbon Co. He ever after declined political preferment, and devoted himself to his profes sion. Made judge of the Court of Appeals in 1808; in 1810 chief justice of the State; dist.- atty. 1813; judge of the Ky. dist. 1816-26; judge U.S. Supreme Court 1826-8. His bro. JOHN (b. Clark Co., Ky., 1783, d. Harrison Co. 17 June, 1852) was a circuit judge, and subsequently a judge of the Court of Appeals. Trimble, WILLIAM A., soldier and senator, b. Woodford, Ky., 4 Apr. 1786; d. Washing ton, D.C., 13 Dec. 1821. Son of Capt. James. Educated at Transylv. U. Studied law with his relative Judge Robert Trimble, and after ward at Litchfield, Ct., and settled in practice at Highland, O., in 1811. Adj. in the regt. of his bro. Col. Allen Trimble in 1812 ; major of 0. Vols. 7 May, 1812; maj. 26th Inf. Mar. 1813; brev. lieut.-col. for gallantry at Fort-Erie sortie, Sept. 17, 1814, in which he was severely wound ed; lieut.-col. 1st Inf. 30 Nov. 1814-1 March, 1819; U.S. senator from 0. 1819-21 ; commis sioner with Gen. Cass in 1821 to treat with the North-western Indians at Green Bay. Trippe, JOHN, a gallant officer of the U.S. navy; d. at sea, off Havana, 9 July, 1810, in com". U.S. brig " Vixen." He entered the ser vice as sailing-master 6 May, 1803, and was made lieut. 9 Jan. 1807. Served under Preble in attacks on Tripoli, July-Sept. 1804. Trist, NICHOLAS P., b. Va., in May, 1800. Educated at West Point, and acting assistant prof, of French 1819-20; chief clerk of the State dept. 1845; U.S. commiss. during the war with Mexico, and made the treaty of Gaudaloupe Hidalgo, Jan. 1848; late U.S. consul to Havana. The intimate friend of Pres. Jackson! Married a grand-daughter, of TPtO 920 XRO Thomas Jcffer>on. Formerly of Phila. ; d. po>tinaoter of Alexandria, Va., Feb. 11, 1874. Trollope, FRANCES, author, b. Stapleton, near Bristol, Eng., 1790; d. Florence, Italy, Oct 6, 1863. She was the dau. of Wm. ^Ill- ton, an English curate ; mar. Thomas Anthony Trollope in 1809, and, after visiting the U.S., began her career of authorship with " The Do mestic Manners of the Americans." A great outcrv was raised here by this publication, and unmerited obloquy long rested upon her name. Her views and impressions were further em bodied in her novel, " The Refugees in Amer ica." In 1836 appeared " The Adventures of Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw," a novel repre senting the condition of the colored races of the Southern States. She afterward resided in Florence, writing novels, and books of travel. Her son ANTHONY, a well-known novelist, has written a book of American travels, entitled " North America." Another son, THOMAS ADOLPHUS, is also a well-known novelist. Trollope, SIR HENRY, a British admiral, b. Norwich, Eng. ; d. Freshford, near Bath, Nov. 2, 1839, a. 83. Entering the navy in 1770, he was present at the battles of Lexing ton and Bunker s Hill ; was afterwards at the siege of Boston ; was employed by Lord Dun- more in Virginia ; and assisted at the taking of Rhode Island. In 1777 he was app. 3d lieut. of " The Bristol" (50 guns), and assisted at the attack of Forts Montgomery and Clinton, and afterwards of Phila. and Mud Island. He was made a post-capt. in 1781 ; was knighted for his participation in the victory of Camper- down ; was made full admiral in 1812 ; was a K.C.B. and a G.C.B. Troost, GERARD, M.D., naturalist, b. Bois le Due, Holland, March 15, 1776; d. Nash ville, Tenn., Aug. 14, 1850. He was educated at Amsterdam and Leyden, studied medicine, chemistry, and other branches of science, and acquired distinction as a crystallographer. He practised medicine a short time at Amsterdam and the Hague ; then served in the army, first as a private soldier, and afterward as an officer of the first rank in the medical dept. In 1807 he was sent by Louis Bonaparte, then king of Holland, to Paris, to pursue his favorite studies in natural science. He then translated into the Dutch Humboldt s "Aspects of Nature." The Dutch govt. in 1809 sent him on a scien tific mission to the E. Indies ; but he was taken by a French privateer, and conveyed to Dun kirk. After residing about a year at Paris, he embarked for America, where he arrived in 1810. He first settled in Phila. ; was one of the founders and first pres. (1812-17) of the Acad. of Natural History; and estab. in 1814 at Cape Sable, in Md., the first alum-factory in the U.S. In 1821 he was app. prof, of min eralogy in the Phila. Museum; in 1825 re moved to New Harmony with Owen, McClure, and others; and in 1827 was app. prof, of chemistry, mineralogy, and geology in the U. of Nashville ; which post he filled during the rest of his life. He was for 18 years preced ing his death State geologist, and pub. Reports on the geology of Tenn., and Memoirs in the " Trans." of the societies of Paris and Phila. His mineral arid geo ogical cabinets, as well as his other scientific collections, are said to hare been the largest in the U.S. A discourse by Pres. Lihdsley on his life and character has been published. Trott, NICHOLAS, LL.D., jurist and schol ar, b. Eng. 1663; d. Charleston, S. C., 1740. After having been gov. of the Bahamas, he be came a resident of S.C. ; was elected speaker of the House of Assembly in 1700; was a councillor in 1703; and at a later period he be came a judge. He was deeply versed in the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew languages, as well as in the principles of jurisprudence, and dur ing nearly 40 years was among the most influ ential men in the province. He revised and pub. the laws of S.C. before 1734, 2 vols. fol., 1736 ; also pub. " Clavis Lingua} Sanctce, * 1719; "Laws relating to the Church and the Clergy in America," Lond., 1721. Trotter, GEN. GEORGE, b. Va. 1779; d. Lexington, Ky., 13 Oct. 1815. Son of Lieut. - Col. James. App. capt. vol. Dragoons ; dis- ting. and wounded in action under Col. J. B. Campbell with the Indians 18 Dec. 1812 ; lieut.- col. com. Ky. Vols. 1813; brig.-gen. at battle of the Thames 5 Oct. 1813. Troubat, FRANCIS J., of the Phila. bar; d. Rainey, near Paris, France, 1868, a. 66. Au thor of " Law of Limited Partnership in the U.S.," 8vo, 1853; and, with Wm. H. Haley, " Practice and Proceedings in the Sup. Ct. of Pa. 1825-9," 2 vols. 8vo. Edited Eng. Exch. Reports, 6 vols. 1835; " Chitty on Contracts," 1834, &c.Alttbone. Troup, GEORGE MC!NTOSH, statesman, b. on the Tombigbee River, Ala., Sept. 8, 1780 ; d. Lawrence Co., Ga., May 3, 1856. N.J. Coll. 1797. Studied law; member of the Ga. legisl. in 1800-3 ; M.C. in 1807-15; U.S. senator in 1816-18, 1829-34; and gov. of the State in 1823-7. He was an advocate of State-rights, and the champion of State sovereignty, an im passioned speaker, and a man of great integri ty. See Life by E. J. Harden, 8vo, Savan nah, 1859. Troup, COL. ROBERT, LL.D., a Revol. offi cer, b. N.Y. 1757; d. New York, Jan. 14, 1832. Col. Coll. 1774. He studied law in the office of John Jay ; joined the army at Long Island as a lieut. early in 1776 ; was shortly after app. aide to Gen. Woodhull ; and was taken prison er at the battle on Long Island, Aug. 27, and confined some time in the Jersey prison-ship, and afterward in the Provost Prison in New York, but in the spring of 1777 was exchanged, and joined the army in N. J. He joined Gen. Gates as aide at Saratoga in Aug., and was present at the battle of Stillwater and at the surrender of Burgoyne, Oct. 17,1777. In Feb. 1778 he was app. by Congress sec. of the board of war, of which Gen. Gates was pres., and on its dissolution in 1779 went to N. J., and completed his law-studies with Judge Pat terson. After the peace, Col. Troup was judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of N.Y., and held that office several years, and was member of the State legisl. He pub. in 1822 a letter on the lake-canal policy of N.Y. ; " Vindication of the Claim of Elkanah Watson/ 1821 ; and " Remarks on Trinity-Church Bill," 1813. He was the warm personal and political friend of TRO 921 Hamilton. Resided many years at Geneva as principal agent of the great Pulteney estate. Trousdale, GEN. WM., b. Sumner Co., Tenn., 1790; d. Nashville, Mar. 1872. Reserved in the war of 1812; in the Creek war under Jackson ; was a maj.-gen. of militia in the Sem- inole war; app. col. 14th Inf. Mar. 3, 1847 ; wounded at Chapul tepee and Molino del Rey in the Mexican war, and brev. brig.-gen. ; gov. of Tenn. 1849-51 ; min. to Brazil 1853-57. Trowbridge, EDMUND, jurist, b. Newton, Ms., 1709 ; d. Cambridge, April 2, 1793. H.U. 1728. He bore for some time the name of Goffe, after an uncle. He became a disting. lawyer; was in 1749 app. atty.-gen. ; and in 1767 was promoted to the bench of the Su preme Court, in which capacity he presided with uprightness and ability at the trial of the British soldiers arraigned for murder, March 5, 1770. In 1766 he was left out of the council by the popular party. Although attached to the royal govt., he did not approve of all its measures; and in 1772, alarmed at the revol. appearances, he resigned his office. Reputed to be the most profound lawyer in New England prior to the Revolution. Trowbridge, JOHN TOWNSEND, novelist and poet, b. Ogden, N. Y., 18 Sept. 1827. Brought up on his father s farm ; but his fond ness for books determined his future career. At 19 he went to N. Y. City, wrote for the press, and at 20 came to Boston, where he be came known as a writer of popular tales over the signature of " Paul Creyton." He ed. the Yankee Nation in 1850; now (1871) edits Oar Younr/ Folks; and has pub. "Father Bright- hopes," 1 853 ; " Neighbor Jackwood " (written while in Europe in 1855), soon followed by his dramatic version of the same ; " The Old Bat- tle-Ground," 1859; "Cudjo s Cave/ a war novel, 1863; and " The South," the result of travels in the Southern States, 1866. "The Vaga bonds," a highly-successful poem, contrib. by him to the Atlantic Monthly in 1863, was pub. in book-form in 1864, with illustrations by Darley, and again in 1869 in "The Vagabonds and Other Poems." For Our Young Folks he has written "Lawrence s Adventures," re- published in 1870. His latest work, " Coupon Bonds," is a coll. of graphic and entertaining magazine stories. Contributor to the Atlantic Monthly of many stories, sketches of travel, poems, &c. Resides at Arlington, near Boston. Truett, GEORGE, gov. Del. 1808-11 ; d. Camden, Del., 8 Oct. 1818, a. 62. Trumbull, BENJAMIN, D.D. (Y.C. 1796), divine and historian, b. Hebron, Ct., 19 Dec. 1735 ; d. North Haven, Ct., 2 Feb. 1820. Y.C. 1759. Pastor of North Haven from 1760 to his d. He was assisted in his education by Dr. Wheclock, founder of Dartmouth Coll., who preached the sermon at his ordination. He served in the Revol. war both as a chaplain and a vol. soldier. After the war, he pub. a pamphlet sustaining the claim of Ct. to the Susquchanna Purchase, which influenced the decision of Congress in her favor. Author of a History of Ct. 1630-1764, and to the close of the Indian Wars, 2 vols. 8vo, 1797 and 1818 ; " History of the U.S. to 1765," vol. i. 1819; "Twelve Discourses," 1790. Trumbull, JAMES HAMMOND, LL.D (Y.C. 1871), philological and hist, writer, b Stonington, Ct., 20 Dec. 1821. Son of Gur- don and Sarah A. (Swan). Entered Y.C. in 1838, prevented, by loss of health, from prose cuting the study of a profession. A resident of Hartford since 1847. App. State librarian in 1854; assistant sec. of state 1858-61; sec. 1861-5; many years a member Ct. Hist. Soc., its corresp.-sec. 1849-63, and pres. since 1863 ; member also of many other hist, societies ; and for some years has been librarian of the Watkin- son Free Library. In 1842-3 he aided Rev. J. H. Linsley in compiling catalogues of the mam malia, reptiles, fishes, and shells of Ct. (Amer. Jour, of Science}. In. 1850-9 he ed. and pub. 3 vols. of the " Ct. Colony Records " (1636-89 ). About 1858 he began to studv Amer. aborigi nal languages, and was active in founding the Amer. Philolog. Assoc. in 1869. In 1855 he m. Sarah A. Robinson. Editor of Lechford s "Plain Dealing," with introd. and notes, 1867 ; Roger Williarns s " Key into the Language of America," with introd. and notes (in vol. i. Narr. Club s pubs., Prov. 1866) ; " The Defence of Stonington against a Brit. Squad, in 1814," 1864; "Origin of McFingal," 1868; of a part of the first and all of the second vol. Colls. Ct. Hist. Soc. ; and contrib. of more than 50 articles to periodicals, and the Proc. of societies upon Indian names and upon hist, subjects. Trumbull, JOHN, LL.D. (Y.C. 1818), poet, b. Westbury, since Watertowu, Ct., Apr. 24, 1750; d. Detroit, Mich., May 10, 1831. Y.C. 1767. Son of John, minister of Water- town, a good classical scholar, who d. Dec. 13, 1787, a. 72. Possessing an extraordinary pre cocity, he was at the age of 7 adm. to college ; though his extreme youth, and his subsequent ill-health, prevented his residing there until 1 763. With Timothy Dwight, in 1769 he wrote a series of essays in the manner of the Spectator for a gazette printed in Boston, and subsequent ly similar essays for the New-Haven papers. From Sept. 1771 to Nov. 1773, when he was adm. to the bar of Ct., he was a tutor in Y.C., during which time he pub. " The Progress of Dulness," a poem designed to expose the absurd method of education which then pre vailed. Entering the office of John Adams in Boston in 1773, he found himself in the centre of American politics. Warmly espousing the popular side, he employed his leisure in writing political essays for the public gazettes ; and, just before leaving Boston, he anonymously pub. his " Elegy on the Times." Commencing a successful practice at New Haven in Nov. 1774, he wrote during the next year the first part of " McFingal," which was pub. in Phila. In Nov. 1776 he m. Sarah, dau. of Col. Lev- erett Hubbard of N. Haven ; in May follow ing he returned to his native place, whence he removed to Hartford in June, 1781. Having completed the poem of " McFingal," it was pub. at Hartford before the close of 1782. It is a burlesque epic in Hudibrastic verse, direct ed against the enemies of American liberty (his " Poetical Works " appeared at Hartford in 2 vols. 1820), and has passed through many editions, the latest in 1864, with notes by B> J. Lossing. After the peace, Trumbull, in TRTJ 922 TIRTJ conjunction with Co.. Humphreys, Barlow, and Dr. Lemuel Hopkins, wrote a series of essays entitled "American Antiquities," extensively printed by the papers throughout the Union, and designed to check, by the boldness of its satire, the spirit of anarchy and disorganization then prevalent. These essays consisted of sup pressed extracts from a poem which they styled " The Anarchiad." State-atty. for Hartford, Ct., in 1789-95; was an active and influential member of the legisl. in 1792; in May, 1800, was again a member of the legisl. ; and in 1801-19 was a judge of the Superior Court; ill 1808 he received from the legisl. the addi tional app. of judge of the Court of Errors. He was several years treas. of Y.C., and in 1825 removed to Detroit, Mich., spending the rest of his days with his dau., the wife of Gov. Wbodbridge. Trumbull, COL. JOHN, painter, b. Leba non, Ct., 6 June, 1756 ; d. N.Y. City 10 Nov. 1843. H.U. 1773. Son of Gov. Jonathan. Joining the 1st Ct. Regt. as adjutant, an accu rate sketch of the works around Boston attract ed the notice of Washington, who, in Aug. 1775, app. him second aide-de-camp. He was soon app. major of brigade; in June, 1776, re ceived from Gen. Gates the app. of adj.-gen., with rank of col. ; dep. adj.-gen. northern de partment, 12 Sept. 1776; but retired from the army 22 Feb. 1777, Congress having refused to date his commission from the time of his app. by Gates. He then resided in London as the pupil of West the painter, but, upon Andre s execution, was, in retaliation, thrown into pris on, where he remained 8 months. He painted the "Battle of Bunker s Hill" in 1786, the " Death of Montgomery " soon after, and in 178S the ^Sortie of the Garrison of Gibral tar," now in the Boston Athenaeum. In 1789- 93 he was in the U.S., painting the portraits for his historical pictures, the " Declaration of Independence," " Surrender at Saratoga," "Surrender of Cornwallis," and the "Resig nation of Washington at Annapolis," which now adorn the rotunda of the capitol at Washington. In 1794 he was sec. to Jay s mission in Great Britain, and in 1796 a corn- miss, to carry into execution the 7th article of the treaty. Returning to New York in 1804, he again visited London in 1808, but, finding every thing American there unpopular, again came to N.Y. ; was pres. of the Acad. of Fine Arts in 1816-25. His picture of Washington, painted in 1792, presented by the Cincinnati to Vale Coll., was regarded by the artist as the finest portrait of Washington in existence. It represents him on the evening before the battle of Princeton, meditating his retreat. The Trumbull Gallery at Yale Coll. contains 57 pictures by him, presented to that institution in consideration of an annuity of 81,000 to be paid him during his life ; the profits of their exhibition after his d. to be applied towards the education of needy students. This is the lar gest and most important collection of the works of any Amer. painter. Besides the above-named are " Battle of Trenton," " Sur render of the Hessians at Trenton," "Death of Mercer,-" " The Woman taken in Adul tery," " Suffer Little Children to come unto Me," copies of the old masters, c. &* TrambuWs Autdnog., N.Y., 8vo, 1841. Trumbull, JONATHAN, LL. D. (Y.C. 1779, Edinb. 1785), gov. of Ct. 17G9-83, b, Lebanon, Ct., 10 June, 1710 ; d. 17 Aug. 1785. H.U. 1727. Descended from John of Rowley, Ms., 1640-3. After preaching a few years, he studied law, in which profession he attained eminence ; became a member of the Assembly at 23 ; and by his business-talents gained the public esteem. Chosen lieut.-gov. in 1766, he became by virtue of his office chief justice of the Superior Court. Boldly refusing in 1768 to take the oath enjoined on royal officers, he was chosen gov. in 1769, and was the only colonial gov. who espoused the cause of the people. He was considered the Whig leader in N.E. while the Adamses and Hancock were in Congress, and during the whole contest was relied on by Washington as one of his main pillars of support. The phrase sometimes used by him, " Let us see what Brother Jona than says," is supposed to have originated the humorous term frequently applied to the U.S. See Life of Trumbull by Isaac Stuart. Trumbull, JONATHAN, gov. of Ct. 1798- 1809, son of the preceding, b. Lebanon, Ct., Mar. 26, 1740; d. Aug. 7, 1809. H.U. 1759. An active and influential member of the State legisl. during several sessions before and at the commencement of the Revol., and speaker of the house. In 1775-8 was paymaster to the northern dept. of the army; in 1780 was app. sec. and first aide to Washington, whose friend ship and confidence he enjoyed, and in whose family he remained until the close of the war. M.C. in 1789-95; speaker 1791-5; U.S. sena tor in 1795-6; lieut.-gov. of Ct. 1796-8. Trumbull, COL. JOSEPH, commiss.-gcn. Revol. army, July 19, 1775- Aug. 2, 1777, b. 11 Mar. 1737; d. 23 July, 1778. H.U. 1756. Son of Gov. Jonathan (1769-83). Member Old Congress in 1774-5, and a commissioner for the board of war 27 Nov. 1777 to 18 Apr. 1778, when he resigned in ill-health. A com. of Congress having made a highly eulogistic report on his services, 31 Mar. 1779, that body voted to his heirs a commission on the sums received and issued and the purchases made by him. Trumbull, JOSEPH, LL.D. (Y.C. 1849), statesman, b. Lebanon, Ct., Dec. 7, 1782; d. Hartford, Aug. 4, 1861. Y.C. 1801. Grandson of Gov. Jonathan (1769-83). Adm. to the bar in Windham in 1803; he settled in Hartford in 1804; retired from practice in 1828, and became pres. of the Hartford Bank. He repre sented Hartford in the legisl. in 1832, 48, and 51 ; was M.C. in 1834 for an unexpired term, and in 1839-43 ; and gov. in 1849-50. He was a great friend of internal improvements, and was pres. of a railroad company. Trumbull, LYMAN, jurist and senator, b. Colchester, Ct., 12 Oct. 1813; of the same family as the preceding. Educated at Colches ter Acad. ; taught a dist. school ; and at 20 took charge of an acad. at Greenville, Ga., where he studied law ; and was adm. to the bar in 1837, and settled in Belleville, 111. Member of the 111. legisl. in 1840; sec. of state in 1841-2; justice of the Supreme Court of 111. 1848-53 ; TRTJ 923 TUG M.C. in 1854 chosen to the U.S. senate by the 111. legisl. in 1855; re-elected in 1860 and 1866 ; since 1861 chairman of the senate judi ciary com. He owed his election to the senate, over Gen. Shields, to his opposition to the re peal of the Missouri Compromise. Removed to Chicago in 1863. Truxtun, THOMAS, commodore U.S.N., b. Long Island, Feb. 17, 1755; d. Phila. May 5, 1822. He commenced a seafaring life at the age of 12 ; was impressed, and served a short time on board a man-of-war. Early in 1776 he was lieut. of the private armed ship " Con gress," and brought one of her prizes to New Bedford; in June, 1777, he com. "The Inde pendence/ fitted out by himself and Isaac Sears; and off the Azores captured 3 valuable prizes. He afterwards made numerous prizes in "The Mars;" and in "The St. James" (of 20 guns), in a severe engagement, disabled a Brit ish ship of 32 guns, returning with a most valuable cargo from France. After the war he was extensively engaged in the E. India trade at Phila. till made capt. (June 4, 1794), and intrusted with the com. of the frigate " Constellation." While cruising in the W. Indies, he fell in with the French frigate " LTnsurgente," Feb. 9, 1799, and captured her, though of superior force, in consideration of which he received a service of plate from the merchants of Lloyd s coffee-house; Feb. 1, 1800, he obtained a victory over " The Ven geance " (of 54 guns and 500 men) ; though, in consequence of one of his masts falling, she afterwards escaped. For this action Congress gave him a gold medal. In 1801 he was trans ferred to " The President " (44), and was commo dore on the Guadaloupe station ; at one time he had a squadron of 10 sail under his com mand. Being app. in 1802 to com. the exped. against Tripoli, but denied the assistance of a capt. to com. his flag-ship, he declined the ser vice, for which Jefferson dismissed him. High sheriff of Phila. 18*16-19. He pub. Remarks, &c., relating to Latitude and Longitude, and Variation of the Compass, fol., 1794. Tryon, CAPT. MOSES, of the Revol. navy, afterward com. of the U.S. sloop of war " Con necticut ; d. Wethersfield, Ct., Jan. 1818, a. 68. Tryon, WILLIAM, LL.D. (King s Coll. 1774), a colonial gov., b. Ireland; d. Lond. 27 Feb. 1 788. He was an officer of talent in the British army, and through his marriage with Miss Wake, a relative of the Earl of Hills- borough, colonial sec., received the app. of lieut.- gov. of N.C. He arrived there 27 Oct. 1764 ; on the death of Gov. Dobbs, 20 July, 1765, succeeded him, and administered the govt. until advanced to that of N.Y. 3 July, 1771. In 1771 an outbreak by discontented individu als, called " Regulators," was suppressed by him, and the prisoners were treated with great cruelty. Made col. 25 May, 1772; maj.-gen. 29 Aug. 1777. He led in person the preda tory exped. against Danbury, Ct., which he destroyed in Apr. 1777; and in July, 1779, in a similar exped., reduced to ruin the villages of Fairfield and Norwalk, staining his reputation by conduct unworthy a soldier and a man. Resigning the govt. of N.Y. 21 Mar. 1780, he returned to Eng., became a lieut.-gen 20 Nov 1782, and col. 29th Foot 15 Aug. 1783. Tuck, JOSEPH HENRY, inventor, b. Dor chester, Ms., 12 March, 1812. Grandson of John (minister of Epsom, N.H., and a chaplain Revol. army ; d. Peekskill, N. Y., 7 Feb. 1777, a. 36 ; H.U. 1758). Agrad. of the Boston High School ; learned the trade of watchmaking, and afterward, while employed in a cundle- manuf., began the career in which he attained eminence with the invention of the endless wick. Establishing himself in London as a civil eng. in 1837, from that time until his return to the U.S. in 1865 he was constantly occupied in inventing and introducing improved machinery, &c. Among the 55. patents taken by him in different countries are those for a candle ma chine, wrought-iron and bitumen gas and water pipes, a ventilating machine, a dredging machine, a rotary engine, a new system of breakwater for harbors, and his steam-engine packing, the most profitable of his inven tions. He established, after great labor in overcoming prejudice, &c., the company to lay the first submarine electric-cable in 1848-9 between Dover and Calais, but was robbed of his interests in it by those whom he had in terested in and assisted in planning that great undertaking. His plans and improvements for excavating the Suez Canal were taken by the contractors; but illness compelled him to abandon further connection with the under taking. These arduous labors impaired his health, and compelled his retirement from active life for several years. Since 1869 he has been occupied in extensive real-estate opera tions and public improvements in Brooklvn. New York. Tucker, GEORGE, jurist, b. Bermuda, 1775; d. Charlottesville, Va., 10 Apr. 1861. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1797. A relative of St. George Tucker. Practised law. Member Va. legisl. ; M.C. in 1819-25, occupying a high position as a debater and constitutional law yer; and in 1825-45 was prof, of moral philos. and polit. economy in the U. of Va. He sub sequently, while in retirement, prepared several useful works ; among them a " Life of Jeffer son," 2 vols. 1837; "Progress of the U.S.," 8vo, 1855; a "Political History of the U.S.," 4 vols. 8vo, 1858; "Letters on the Conspira cy of the Slaves in Va.," 8vo, 1800; "Letters on the Roanoke Navigation," 8vo, 1811 ; "Recollections of Ellen R. Tucker," 12mo, 1819; "Essays on Taste, Morals, and Nation al Policy," 8vo, 1822 ; "Valley of the Shenan- doah," 2 vols. 12mo, 1824; "Voyage to the Moon by Joseph Atterley," 1827 ; "" Principles of Rent, Wages, and Profits," 8vo, 1837; " Literature of the U.S.," 8vo, 1837 ; " Theory of Money and Banks," 1839; "Essays, Moral and Philos.," 1860; many contribs. to maga zines and journals. Allibone. Tucker, REV. HENRY HOLCOMBE, D.D., a prominent divine of the Baptist church, pres. of the Mercer U. of Atlanta, Ga., b. Warren Co., Ga., 10 May, 1819. Author of " Pictures from an Ancient Artist;" "The Gospel in Enoch," 8vo, 1869 ; "Dignity of the Ministe rial Office," ord. sermon, Tuskegee, Ala , 1853, Tucker, HENRY ST. GEORGE, LL.D TTJC 924 TUG (Wm. and Mary Coll. 1837), jurist, b. 5 Jan. 1781; d. Winchester, Va., 28 Aug. 1848. Son of St. George Tucker. ^ Received an ex cellent education ; devoted himself to the Taw, in which he attained eminence ; was prof, of law in the U. of Va. ; M.C. 1815-19 ; chancel lor 4th judicial dist., and pres. of the Va. Court of Appeals ; pres. Va. Hist, and Philos. Soc. Author of " Lectures on Constitutional Law," 1843; " Commentaries on the Law of Va.," 2 vols. 1836 ; Introd. Lecture at the Opening of the Law School in the U. of Va., and Lectures on Natural Law and Govern ment, 12mo, 1824. His son, DAVID HUNTER, some years a prof, in the Jeff. Med. Coll., Phila., was educated at the Universities of Fa. and of Va., and in Paris. Prof, of the practice of med. in the Med. Coll. of Va., and author of some medical works. Tucker, JOSIAH, D.D., an English divine and polit. writer, b. Langham, Wales, 1711; d. Gloucester, Eng., 4 Nov. 1799. Educated at St. John s Coll., Oxford. He took orders ; was many years rector of St. Stephen s, Bristol; became a prebend there in 1755; and from 1758 was dean of Gloucester. He wrote much upon religion and polit. economy, and produced several tracts on the dispute between Great Britain and the Amer. Colonies, recommend ing at an early period of the contest their sepa ration from the British empire, and the recog nition of their independence. Dean Tucker was an able reasoner, well versed in polit. econ omy, and was almost the only Englishman of his time who took a clear-headed view of the great question at issue between the Colonies and the mother-country. Tucker, LUTHER, a pioneer of agricultural journalism, b. Brandon, Vt., 1802. A printer. He in 1826 established the Rochester Daily Ad vertiser, the first daily paper west of Albany. In Jan. 1831 he began to issue the Genesee Farmer, afterward consolidated with the Albany Cultivator; and in 1852 began the Country Gen tleman; d. Albany, Jan. 26, 1873. Thomas. Tucker, NATHANIEL BEVERLEY, lawyer and novelist, son of St. George Tucker, b. Matoax, Va., Sept. 6, 1784; d. Winchester, Va., Aug. 26, 1851. Wm. and M. Coll. 1801. He studied law; settled in Charlotte Co. in 1809, and in 1815 in Mo., where he was a judge in 1815-30. From 1834 till his death, he was prof, of law in Wm. and Mary Coll. He pub. a work on "Pleading," lectures on the U.S. Constitution, entitled "The Science of Govern ment/ and 2 novels, " George Balcombe " and " Gertrude ; " but his most remarkable produc tion was an unfinished novel called " The Par tisan Leader," first printed in 1837, and re printed in 1861. He was a contributor to the Southern Review, and had begun a Life of John Randolph, his half-brother. He was a State- rights man, and had many of the traits of Randolph. A son of the same name, a violent secessionist, who fled to Canada after the assas sination of Pres. Lincoln, pub. the Sentinel, newspaper, in Washington in 1854, and was consul at Liverpool in 1856-60. Tucker, ST. GEORGE, LL.D. (Wm. and M. Coll. 1790), jurist and poet, b. Port Royal, Bermuda, 29 June, 1752; d, Etlgewood, Nel son Co., Va., Nov. 1827. Wm. and M. Coll 1772. He studied law, but took arms at the be ginning of the Revol., and planned and aidcu personally in the capture of a large amount of stores in a fortification at Bermuda. At York- town, where he com. a regt., he was severely wounded in a charge of inf. ; a bayonet thrust through his knee-pan giving him a stiff knee for life. In 1778 he m. Frances Bland, the mother of John Randolph. After the war, he was a member of the Va. legisl. ; was one of the com. to revise and digest the laws of Va. ; also a prof, in Wm. and M. Coll.; and one of the commiss. to the conv. at Annapolis in 1786 which recommended that by which in 1787 the Federal Constitution was formed. He was a judge in the State courts nearly 50 years ; was judge of the Court of Appeals in 1803-11 ; app. judge of the U.S. Dist. Court in 1813; and was called " the American Blackstone." He possessed great literary taste, keen wit, and great amiability. Of his poetical works, some of which were satires under the title of "Peter Pindar," one vol. was collected and pub. His poem on Liberty was celebrated in the army ; and his stanzas, beginning " Days of my youth," have been much admired. He pub. an essay on the question, " How far the Common Law of England is the Common Law of the U.S.;" a treatise on Slavery, 1796; "Letter on the Alien and Sedition Laws," 1799 ; and an annotated edition of Blackstone in 1803. Tucker, SAMUEL, a brave, able, and suc cessful naval officer of the Revol., b. Marble- head, Ms., 1 Nov. 1747 ; d, Bremen, Me., 10 Mar. 1833. Son of a shipmaster. He was ap prenticed at 11 on board "The Royal George," and before the Revol. was a capt. sailing from Boston to London. Commiss. a capt. in the Revol. navy 15 Mar. 1777, he took com. in Nov. of the frigate "Boston," in which, in Feb. 1778, he took out John Adams, minister to France. He took many prizes in 177*9 ; aided in the de fence of Charleston, S.C. ; and was a prisoner from its capture in May, 1780, till June, 1781, when he took com. of " The Thorn," and made many prizes. At the close of the war he re ceived the thanks of Congress for his services. In 1792 he settled in Bristol, Me. In the war of 1812 he captured by a ruse a British vessel which had greatly annoyed the shipping of Bristol and vicinity. He was several times a member of the legisl. of Ms. and of Me. See Life of Tucker by John H. Sheppard, 8vo, 1868. Tucker, SARAH, for 37 years a minister of the Society of Friends, b. Portsmouth, R.I., 1779; d. 1840. Author of Memoirs of her Life and Religious Experience, by herself, 12mo, 1848. Allibone. Tucker, THOMAS TUDOR, statesman of S.C., brother of St. George; d. Washington, D.C., May 2, 1828, a. 83. Son of Henry of Port Royal, Bermuda. He was a patriot of the Revol. ; a delegate to the Cont. Congress in 1787 and 88; M.C. in 1789-93; and U.S. treas. 1794 to his d. Author of an Oration at Charleston, S.C., before the S.C. Soc. of the Cincinnati, 4to, 1795. Tucker, TILGIIMAN M., gov. of Mpi. 1841- 3,b.N,C.; d, Ala. 31 Apr. 1859; M.C. 1843-5 TUG 925 TTJF Tuckerman, EDWARD, prof, of botany in Ainh. Coll., b. Boston, 1817. Union Coll. 1837 ; H.U. 1847. Author of several works on American Lichens ; editor of " New England s Rarides/ by Josselyn, 1 860 ; contrib. of 54 pa pers under the title of " Adversnm " and " No- titia Literaria" to the N. Y. Churchman, and of papers to various scientific journals. Alli- bone. Tuckerman, HENRY THEODORE, poet, essayist, and critic, b. Boston, April 20, 1813 ; d. New- York City, 1 7 Dec. 1871. Nephew of Rev. Joseph. Studied in the schools of Boston, and sought improved health in a visit to Europe in 1 833-4. Resuming his studies, he again visited Europe in 1837-8, and in 1845 removed from Boston to N. York. In 1850 he received from H.U. the honorary degree of Master of Arts. He has published " The Italian Sketch-Book," 1835; "Isabel, or Sicily, a Pilgrimage," 1839; "A Month in England/ 1853 ; " Thoughts on the Poets," the first of his collections from the magazines, 1846; "Artist-Life, or Sketches of American Planters;" "A Memorial of Hora tio Greenough," prefixed to his writings, 1 853 ; two series of papers entitled " Characteristics of Literature illustrated by the Genius of Dis tinguished Men," 1849-51 ; "Sketch of Amer ican Literature," appended to Shaw s text book on English literature ; a series of " Men tal Portraits, or Studies of Character ; " " Life of Com. Silas Talbot," 1850; "The Optimist, a collection of Essays," 1850; "Leaves from the Diary of a Dreamer," 1853; "Poems," 1851, the chief of which is " The Spirit of Poet ry," an elaborate essay, in heroic verse, of 700 lines; "Biographical Essays," 1857; "Ram bles and Reviews," 1841; "America and her Commentators, with a Critical Sketch of Trav el in the U.S.," 1864 ; "Book of the Artists," 1867 ; a "Memoir of Dr. J. W. Francis," pre fixed to " Old New York; " " The Criterion," 1866; "Maga Papers about Paris," 1867; " Essay on Washington, with a paper on the Portraits of W.," 4to, 1859; "A Sheaf of Verse," contrib. to the N. Y. Sanitary Fair, 1864; "Life of J. P. Kennedy," 1871. He contrib. frequently to the N. A. Review, Christ. Examiner, Democratic Review, Graham s Maga zine, Southern Lit. Messenger, Putnam s Monthly, the At/antic Monthly, and other periodicals. Tuekornian, JOSEPH, D.D. (H.U. 1824), a Unitarian clergyman and philanthropist, b. Boston, Jan. 18, 1778; d. Havana, April 20, 1840. H.U. 1798. Ord. pastor of the church in Chelsea, Ms., Nov. 4, 1801, where he continued till Nov. 4, 1826. He organized the Benevolent Fraternity of Churches for the support of a city mission called the "Ministry at Large," of which he became a minister. In this sphere he was disting. for his untiring zeal, and for the success of his labors among the poor. In 1812 he was instrumental in organizing the first charitable society established in the U.S. for the religious and moral improvement of sea men. He wrote, and the society pub., in fur therance of that object, eleven tracts. In 1830 he wrote an essay " On the Wages paid to Fe males," which gained a prize offered in Phila. On his return from Europe, where he had pro moted the organization of similar institutions, he pub. "Principles and Results of the Minis try at Large," 12mo, 1838. In 1811 he pub. " Seven Discourses on Miscell. Subjects." See Memoir by Mary Carpenter, 8vo, London, 1849; Allibone. Tuckerman, SAMUEL PARKMAN, mus. doc., b. Boston, 1819. After 5 years of musical study in Eng v he received his degree from the archbishop of Canterbury. Among his works are, " The Episcopal Harp," " Cathedral Chants," a collect, of psalm and hymn tunes, anthems, chants, &c., including the whole of the music used in Trinity Church, New York, and three complete morning-services. Co author of " The National Lyre." Allibone. Tudor, COL. WILLIAM, judge, b. Boston, Mar. 28, 1750; d. July 8, 1819. H.U. 1769. Son of Dea. John. Studied law with John Adams. Adm. to Suffolk bar, July 27, 1772 ; was an eminent counsellor ; a col. in the army, and judge-adv.-gen. in 1775-8 ; attached to the staff of the com.-in-chief. He was a member of the house and senate of Ms., and in 1809-10 sec. of state. Col. Tudor was vice-pres. of the Cincinnati of Ms. in 1816, and was one of the founders of the Ms. Hist. Soc., in whose Col lections appears an extended Memoir. He delivered an elegant and spirited oration on the Boston Massacre, Mar. 5, 1779 ; an address to the Cincinnati of Ms. ; and a discourse to the Ms. Char. Fire Soc. 1798. Tudor, WILLIAM, scholar and diplomatist, b. Boston, Jan. 28, 1779 ; d. Rio Janeiro, Mar. 9, 1830. H.U. 1796. Son of the preceding. Returning to his native country from a visit to Europe, with an ardent desire for the improve ment of his fellow-citizens in arts and literature, he projected in Dec. 1814, and at first edited, the North-American Review, which has ever.J since ranked high in American literature. He had previously aided in founding the Anthology Club, publishing his European letters in their magazine, the Monthly Anthology, begun Nov. 1803, continued until 1811, and supported by the best pens of the time in Boston. When a member of the Ms. legisl., he proposed many plans in aid of his favorite object, several of which have since been accomplished. In Nov. 1805 he founded the ice-traffic with tropical climes, as the agent of his bro. Frederic, which has grown to be an important branch of com merce ; and was afterward engaged in other commercial transactions in Europe, requiring ability and address. Mr. Tudor was the origina tor of the present Bunker s-hill Monument, and one of the founders of the Boston Athenaeum in 1807. In 1823 he was app. consul at Lima, and in 1827 was app. charge" d affaires at the court of Brazil, where he negotiated a treaty, his last public service. Besides his contribs. to several periodicals, and his critiques in the N. A. Review, he pub. " Letters on the Eastern States," 1820; "Miscellanies," 1821; "Life of James Otis," 1823; " Gebel Teir," 1828. In 1809 he delivered the Fourth-of-July oration at Boston; and in 1810 he prepared the Phi Beta Kappa address for Harvard. Tufts, COTTON, M.D., physician, b. Med- ford, Ms., May 30, 1734; d. Weyrnouth, Ms., Dec. 8, 1815. H.U. 1749. Son of Dr. Simon, who was grandson of Peter, who cmig. in TTJF 1 926 1 65 4, and d. Maiden, Ms., 1 700, a. 82. He fixed his residence at Wey mouth, where he was highly esteemed as a physician ; was one of the original members of the Ms. Medical Society, and pres. 1787-95 ; and one of the founders of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. In 1765 Dr. Tufts wrote the spirited and patriotic instruc tions to the representatives of Wey mouth against the Stamp Act. He was a State rep resentative and counsellor ; was for many years a disting. member of the State senate, and supported in the convention the adop tion of the U.S. Constitution. He m. Lucy, dau. of Col. John Quincy, and sister of Mrs. Smith, the mother of Mrs. John Adams. Thacher. Tufts, JOHN, minister of the Second Church, Newbury, Ms., 30 June, 1714-38, b. Medford, 5 May, 1689; d. Aug. 1750. H.U. 1708. A descendant of Peter of Maiden. He pub. ordin. discourse of B. Bradstreet, 1729 ; "Hum ble Call to Archippus ; " sermon, 1 729 ; " Introd. to-the Singing of Psalm-Tunes," 1714 (the first book of the kind pub. in N. Eng.), with a col lect, of tunes in three parts, 8th ed. 1731. Tully, JOHN, "New-England astrologer," compiler of almanacs at Middletown, Ct.,from 1681 to his d. Oct. 5, 1 701 ; b. Eng., Sep. 9, 1 638. Tully, WILLIAM, M.D., physician, b. Say- brook, Ct., Nov. 18, 1785 ; d. Springfield, Ms., Feb. 28, 1859. Y.C. 1806. He studied at Phil a., and in 1808 settled in practice at Mil- ford, Ct. Ab. 1815 he removed to Upper Mid dletown, now Cromwell, Ct., where he became intimate with and adopted the method of treat ment of Dr. Thomas Minor, and about 1820 established himself at Middletown . In 1 820 he pub. with Dr. Minor " Minor and Tully on Fever." In 1824 he removed to East Hartford, Ct. He became eminent as a medical practi tioner and teacher ; was many years pres. of the Medical School at Castleton, Vt., and was prof, there of the theory and practice of medicine. He was also prof, of materia medica and thera peutics in the medical institution of Y.C. 1829- 42; in 1851 he removed to Springfield, Ms. His latter years were passed in poverty. His scholarship was varied and excellent. He pub. several learned papers in the medical and other journals, besides the first vol. of an ex tended treatise on the materia medica, 4 vols., 1857-60. Tupper, GEN. BENJAMIN, Revol. officer, b. Stoughton, Ms., 1738 ; d. Marietta, 0., June, 1792. He was a soldier in the French war (1756-63), and afterward taught school at Easton. He was a major at Boston soon after the battle of Lexington, and disting. himself in a boat exped. at Castle Island. Boston harbor ; lieut.-col. of Ward s regt. Nov. 4, 1775. Made col. of the llth Ms. Regt. early in 1776, he, in Aug. of that year, coin, the gun boats and galleys in the North River ; in the following campaign he served under Gates ; was at the battle of Monmouth in 1778; and before the end of the war received the brev. of brig.-gen.; with Gen. Rufus Putnam he originated the Ohio Land Company. He was app. surveyor of Ohio lands in 1785 ; disting. himself in suppressing Shays s insurrection ; settled in O. in 1787, and became judge in 1788. His son EDWARD W., brig.-gen. of O. Vols., serving under Harrison in 1812, d. Gallipolis, O., 1823. Turell, EBENEZER, minister of Medford, Ms., from Nov. 25, 1724, to his d. Dec. 8, 1778 ; b. Boston, Feb. 5, 1702. H.U. 1721. He was an eminent preacher, and a patriotic citizen. He pub. a Life of Dr. Colman, his father-in- law, 8vo, 1749 ; " Dialogue about the Times," 1742 ; and some sermons. A tract of his on Witchcraft is in Ms. Hist. Collections. Turell, JANE, poetess, b. Boston, Feb. 25, 1708; d. Medford, Ms., Mar. 26, 1735. Dau. of Rev. Benjamin Colman. She early displayed precocious mental power, and wrote poetry at 11. Aug. 11, 1726, she married Rev. Ebenezer Turell of Medford. She afterward wrote eulogies on Sir Richard Blackmore s works, and on " The Incomparable Mr. Waller ; " " An Invitation into the Country, in Imitation of Horace ; " and some prose pieces. Her poems were col. and pub. by her husband in 1735. Duyckinck. Turgeon, PIERRE FLAVIAN, R.C. arch bishop of Quebec, consec. June 11, 1851 ; b. Quebec, Nov. 12, 1787 ; d. there 25 Aug. 1867. Ord. priest Apr. 29, 1810; sec. of Bishop Plesser 1808-20; many years a teacher in the sem. of Quebec; consec. bishop and coadj. May 11, 1834 ; and administrator of the diocese from Nov. 1849 to 1855, when he resigned from ill-health. Morgan. Turnbull, LIEUT.-COL. GEORGE ; d. Bloomingdale, N. J., Oct. 1810, after 60 years service in the British army ; lieut.-col. 3d Amer. Regt. (Loyal N.Y. Vols.) ; capt. at the storm ing of Fort Montgomery, Oct. 1777; disting. at the siege of Savannah in 1779. 30 July, 1780, he repulsed 3 attacks by Sumter on his post at Rocky Mount. Turnbull, ROBERT, D.D. (Mad. U. 1851 ), Baptist divine, b. Whiteburn, Linlithgowshire, Scotland, Sept. 10, 1809. U. of Glasgow. He attended the lectures of Chalmers and Wilson at Edinburgh ; studied theology under Drs. Dick and Mitchell ; became a Baptist ; preached a short time in Scotland and Eng. ; and in 1833 settled in Danbury, Ct. App. in 1835 a home missionary to Michigan ; he became pastor of the Baptist church in Detroit ; in 1837 he took charge of the South Baptist Church, Hartford, Ct. ; in 1839 of the Howard-street Baptist Church, Boston; and since 1845 of the first Baptist Church, Hartford. He has pub. " The Theatre," 1840; "Olympia Morata," 1842; Vinet s "Vital Christianity," with an intro duction and notes, 1846 ; " The Genius of Scotland," 1847 ; " The Genius of Italy," 1849 ; " Theophany, or the Manifestation of God in Christ," 1851 ; Vinet s " Miscellanies," 1852 ; " Pulpit Orators of France and Switzerland," 1853 ; " Christ in History," 1856 ; and " Lile- Pictures, or Sketches from a Pastor s Xote- Book," 1857. He has edited Sir Wm. Hamil ton s " Discussions on Philosophy," with a hist, introd. ; and was for some years senior editor of the Christian Review. Appleton. Turnbull, ROBERT JAMES, political wri ter, b. N. Smyrna, Fla., Jan. 1775 ; d. Charles ton, S.C., June 15, 1833. His mother was e Greek lady of Smyrna in Asia Minor. The 927 TTJR father, an English physician, in connection with Lord Hillsborough, obtained grants from the English govt., ab. the year 1772, for settling a Greek colony in Florida, where he founded New Smyrna. Adhering to the popular side, Dr. T. forfeited his grants from govt., and removed to Charleston, S.C. The son was educated in England; studied law in Charles ton and Phila. ; was adm. to the bar, and prac tised in Charleston until 1810, when he retired to his large plantation. His treatise on the penitentiary system (Lond. 1797) drew atten tion both in America and Eng. ; his articles for the Charleston Mercury in 1827, subsequently collected and pub. under title of " The Crisis," became the text-book of the nullification party. In his treatise on " The Tribunal of Dernier Resort," pub. 1830, he argued that "each State has the unquestionable right to judge of the infractions of the Constitution, and to interpose its sovereign powers to arrest their progress, and to protect its citizens." In 1831 he was prominent in the "Free-trade Convention" which assembled at Columbia, S.C., and was the author of the report of that body ; in a similar convention at Charleston, Feb. 1832, he was also conspicuous. July 4, 1832, he de livered an oration before an assemblage of the nullification party, which is said to have had a great effect upon the next election ; in Nov. 1832 he was a delegate to the S.C. nullification convention, and penned its address to the peo ple. A lofty monument in Charleston, erected by the nullification party, commemorates his services to their cause. Appleton. Turner, DANIEL, commodore U.S.N., b. Newport, R.L, 1792 ; d. Phila. Feb. 4, 1850. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1808; lieut. March 12, 1813; master com. March 3, 1825 ; capt. March 3, 1835. During the battle of Lake Erie he com. " Tiie Caledonia," and materially aided the gal lant Perry in gaining that decisive victory. In testimony of this service, the State of N.Y. presented him with a sword of honor. In the autumn of 1814, while commanding one of the vessels co-operating with Col. Croghan, he was captured, and taken to Montreal. He was rigid in discipline, brave, and generous to a fault. Turner, EDWARD, politician and jurist, b. Fairfax Co., Va., 1778; d. Natchez, Mpi., May 23, 1860. He removed to Mpi. in 1802 ; was app. register of land-office, west of Pearl River, in 1803; mayor of Natchez 1814-21 ; was selected by the legisl. to make a digest of the laws of the Territory (pub. Natchez, 8vo, 1816) ; was several years in the legisl., and speaker of the house ; was member of the ronv. which framed the State constitution ; and was successively atty.-gen., judge of the Superior and Supreme Courts, chancellor of the State, and judge of the High Court of Errors and Appeals. Turner, GEORGE, judge, b. Eng. 1750 ; d. Phila. 16 Mar. 1843. He joined the army at the breaking-out of the war ; was a capt. in the service; commanded in S.C. ; and disting. him self in several severe engagements, especially in the affair of the " Slaughter Pens." He was the personal friend of Washington, who commissioned him judge of the N.W. Terr. 12 Sept. 1789. In 1833 he removed to Philadel phia. Turner, JAMES, statesman, b. Southamp ton Co., Va., 1766 ; d. Bloomsbury, N.C., Jan. 15, 1824. His education was that of the comm. schools of the country. He served as a private soldier in the Revol. Member of the N.C. legisl. in 1800 ; in 1802-5 was gov. of the State; and was U.S. senator 1805-16. Turner, PHILIP, a celebrated surgeon, b. Norwich, Ct., 1740; d. York Island in the spring of 1815. Left an orphan at the age of 12, he was taken into the family of Dr. Elisha Tracy, who taught him medicine, and whose dau. he subsequently married. In 1759 he was app. assist, surgeon to a prov. regt. under Gen. Amherst at Ticonderoga ; at the peace of 1763 he settled in Norwich, where at the breaking- out of the Revol. war, he was unrivalled as a surgeon ; in 1775 he was the first surgeon of the Ct. troops before Boston. He went with the army to N. York in 1776, and attended it at the battles of Long Island and White Plains ; in 1777 Dr. Turner was app. surg.-gen. of the Eastern dept., which station he filled with great ability till near the close of the war. He then resumed his private practice, but removed in 1800 to N.Y. City ; was shortly after app. a sur geon to the staff of the U.S. army, and stationed on York Island. A geneal. of the family has been prep, by Dr. T. L. Turner of Boston. Turner," SAMUEL HDRLBEART, D.D., bib lical scholar, and clergyman, b. Phila. Jan. 23, 1790; d. New York, Dec. 21, 1861. U. of Pa. 1807. Son of Rev. Joseph. Ord. deacon in the Epis. Church in 1811 ; settled in a parish in Chestertown, Md., 1812 ; returned to Phila. in 1817; app. prof, of historic theol. in the Gen. Theol. Sem. at N.Y. Oct. 7, 1818, where he was prof, of biblical learning in 1821-31 ; and afterward prof, of Hebrew in Col. Coll. In 1827 he prepared with Bishop Whittingham a translation of Jahn s " Introduction to the Old Testament," and in 1834 Planck s " Intro duction to Sacred Criticism and Interpretation." He also pub. " Biographical Notices of Jewish Rabbis," 1847 ; "Spiritual Things compared with Spiritual," 1848; "Essay on our Lord s Discourse at Capernaum, in John vi.," 1851 ; "Thoughts on Scriptural Prophecy," 1852; " Commentaries on the New-Testament Epis tles," 1852-3; "Companion to the Book of Genesis ; " " Claims of the Hebrew Language and Literature," 8vo, 1831 ; "Parallel Refer ences of the New Test.," 1848 ; " Teachings of the Master," 1858. His Autobiog. was pub. in N.Y. in 1863. Allibone; Din/ch nck. Turner, THOMAS, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Va. 21 Apr. 1808. Midshipm. Apr. 21, 1825 ; lieut. Dec. 22, 1835; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. Dec. 13, 1863; rear-adm. May 27, 1868 ; retired 21 Apr. 187o. He was actively engaged in the Mexican war, and was present at Tuspan, Apr. 7, 1847 ; com. the sloop of war " Saratoga," and captured two Spanish steamers in the harbor of Anton Leyardo, Mexico, Mar. 6, 1860 ; com. frigate. 1 " New Ironsides " in the attack on the forts in Charleston harbor, Apr. 7, 1883, handling his ship with judgment and ability ; com. South Pacific squadron 1869-70. TTJR 928 TWI Turner, WILLIAM WADDEN, philologist, h. London, 1810; d. Washington, D.C., Nov. 29, 1859. He came to this country in 1818, and settled in New York as a journeyman printer. He acquired languages with great fa cility, and learned Hebrew, Sanscrit, and oth er Oriental languages, also those of modern Europe. Prof, of Oriental lit. in the Union Theol. Sem. at Scheneetady, N. Y., in 1842-52. From 1852 till his death he was librarian at the patent-office, Washington, and recording sec. of the National Institute. With Dr. Nordhei- mer, he prepared a Hebrew chrestomathy. He went to N. Haven to print it, and worked upon it as a compositor by day, and prepared the manuscript at night. He translated the first vol. of Mackeldey s Compendium of Modern Civil Law (aided by Dr. Kaufmann), Von Raumer s U.S., and the article on Fine Arts in the " iconographic Encyclopaedia." He as sisted in the preparation of the Latin-English Lexicon of Freund. The Dakotah Grammar and Dictionary, and also the Yoruba Grammar and Dictionary, both pub. by the Smithsonian Institution, are substantially his works. Turreau, Louis MARIE, baron, a French gen., b. 1756 ; d. 15 Dec. 1816. Entering the army young, he fought as a subaltern in the army of Rochambeau for Amer. independence, and gained the rank of capt. He served as a gen. of division in La Vendee, Italy, and Swit zerland ; was in 1804 made baron; and was min.-plenipo. to the U.S. in 1804-11. He did not succeed in his efforts to draw our govt. into the adoption of a French policy, and after his return pub. in 1814 " Apercu sur la Situation Politique dr-s fitats-Unis," a very bitter critique of the Federal govt., which, he says in the pref ace, " the author has studied 8 years without being able to comprehend it." He also pub. Memoirs of the War of La Vendee. Tusten, COL. BENJAMIN, physician, com. the troops who, immediately after the destruc tion of Minisink by the Indians (July 20, 1779), pursued the savages, but who were ambushed, and defeated with the loss of 44 of their num ber. Dr. Tusten was one of the victims, be ing tomahawked while attending to the wound ed. Tuthill, A. G. D., painter, a pupil of Benj. West; d. Montpelier, Vt., June 12, 1843, a. 67. Tuthill, FRANK, M.D., journalist, b. Suf folk Co., L.I., 1822; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 27 Aug. 1865. Amh. Coll. 1840. After practis ing medicine 7 vears, he was until 1859 a writer fur the N.Y. fimes, and afterwards an editor and prop, of the San Francisco Bulletin. Mem ber N.Y. legisl. 1851 and 1859. He left Cali fornia in 1864, and had just completed a His- torv of California when he died. Tuthill, LOUISA CAROLINE (HUGGINS), authoress, b. N. Haven ab. 1800. In 1817, at an early age, she m. Cornelius Tuthill of N. Haven, editor for two years of the Microscope, a periodical, and who died in 1825, a. 29. Af ter his death she contrib. anonymously to magazines. In 1827 she pub. "James Somers, the Pilgrim s Son;" in 1829 "Mary s Visit to Boston;" "Calisthenics," 1831. She pub. " The Young Ladies Reader," 1839; "Young Ladies Home;" a series of tales for the young 1844-50 ; a new series for the young, 1852-4 ; " My Wife," a novel, 1846 ; " The History of Architecture," 1848 ; " Queer Bonnets," 1*852. In 1849 she prepared " The Nursery-Book," a vol. of counsel to mothers. She is at present a resident of Princeton, N. J. Tuthill, WILLIAM H., b. N.Y. City Dec. 5, 1808. A descendant of John, one of the first settlers of Southold, L.I. One of the original proprietors of Tipton, Cedar Co., 0., he prac tised law there successfully ; was a Whig, and afterwards a Republican politician ; was judge of the 8th judicial dist. for two terms; and is now a banker at Tipton. Judge T. is an hon orary member of several historical and literary societies, and has pub. a review of the Dre d Scott decision, an address at the Tuthill family -gathering at Southold in 1867, and contrib. to the Annals of Iowa. Tllttle, CHARLES WESLEY, astronomer, member Suffolk bar (adra. 1856), b. Newfield, Me., 1 Nov. 1829. Assist, observer H. Coll. Observatory, 1 850-4 ; discovered a telescopic comet 8 Mar. 1853 ; studied in the Camb. Law School in 1854-5; joined with Sidney Cool- idge in 1855 in U.S. exped. to determine the longitude between Greenwich and Cambridge. Has contrib. hist, articles to the Geneal. Regis ter, and scientific papers to Ast. Jour. : see also Annals Harv. Obs. Is now engaged upon a Life of Capt. John Mason of N.H. His bro. HORACE PARNELL, now a paym. U.S.N. (b. 17 Mar. 1837), was an assist, at" the H. Coll. Ob servatory 1857-62, and discovered two planets and a number of comets. For his discoveries he was in 1859 awarded the Lalande prize by the French Acad. of Sciences. TwaitS, WILLIAM, comedian, b. Birming ham, Eng., 25 Apr. 1781; d. N.Y. City 22 Aug. 1814. He first app. at the Chestnut-st., Phila., 23 Nov. 1803, and was a good low co median. Manager of the Richmond Theatre when destroyed by fire. He m. Mrs. Villiers, formerly Eliza Westray, b. Bath, Eng., 1787, d. 13 Dec. 1813. TwiggS, GEX. DAVID EMANUEL, b. Rich mond Co., Ga., 1790; d. Augusta, Ga., Sept. 15, 1862. Son of Gen. John Twiggs, a Revol. officer of Richmond Co., Ga., who d. Mar. 1816, a. 86. App. Capt. 8th Inf. Mar. 12, 1812 ; maj. 28th Inf. Sept. 21, 1814, and served throughout the war with Eng. ; maj. 1st Inf. May 14, 1825 ; lieut.-col. 4th Inf. July 15, 1831 ; col. 2d Dra goons, June 8, 1836 ; com. a brigade, May, 1846, and com. right wing, and disting. in battles of Palo Alto and R. de laPalma; brig.-gen. June 30, 1846; brev. maj.-gen. for gallantry at Monterey, Mexico, May, 1848, receiving also a sword by resolution of Congress ; com. a division through Scott s campaign in Mexi co. Military and civil gov. of Vera Cruz, Mexico, 1848; dismissed the service March 1, 1861, having in Feb. surrendered his troops and munitions of war to the authorities of Texas, which had then seceded. He soon re ceived an important command in the Confed. army ; was for a short time in com. of New Orleans, but resigned toward the close of the year. His bro. LEVI, maj. U.S.A., disting. in the wars of 1812, the Seminole and Mexican 929 wars, killed at Chapultepec 13 Sept. 1847, b. 21 May, 1793. Tyler, BENNET, D.D. (Midd. Coll. 1823), theologian, b. Middlebury, Ct., July 6, 1783 ; d. S. Windsor, Ct., May 14, 1858. Y.C. 1804. He was the son of a farmer. Was pastor of the Cong, church in South Britain, Ct., in 1808- 22, and pres. of Dartm. Coll. in 1822-8, when he became pastor of the Second Church, Port land, Me., resigning 22 Apr. 1834. He was the principal opponent of Dr. N. W. Taylor in the conrroversy on the New Divinity, and held essentially to the views of Edwards, Bel lamy, Sraalley, and Dwight. One result of this" controversy was the formation of a pastor al union in Sept. 1833 by those of Dr. Tyler s opinions ; and they founded a theol. sera, at East Windsor, Ct., of which he was pres. till his death. His principal works are " History of the New- Haven Theology," 1837; "Memoir of Rev. Asahel Ncttleton," 1844 ; "A lleview of Day on the Will," 1837; " Nettleton s Re mains"" 1845 ; " Treatise on the Sufferings of Christ," 1845, " The New-Eng. Revivals," 184G; and two series of Letters to Dr. H. Buslmell on Christian Nurture, 1847-8. He also pub. sermons and controversial pamphlets. There is a Memoir of him by his son-in-law Na- hu.a Gale, D.D., prefixed to a vol. of his lec tures, 8vo, 1859. Tyler, GEN. CHARLES HUMPHREY, b. Va. 182G ; killed in battle at West Point, Ga., Apr. 17, 1865. West Point, 1848. Entered the 2d Dragoons, and was a capt. at the breaking-out of the war, but was dismissed for deserting his post, 6 June, 1861, and became a brig.-gen. Confed. army. Tyler, GEN. DANIEL, b. Brooklyn, Ct., Feb. 22, 1799. West Point, 1819. Son of Capt. Daniel, an art. officer of the Revol. En tering the light art., he served till June, 1821, when he was transferred to the 1st Art. ; 1st lieut. 6 May, 1824 ; visited France to study the improvements in art. 1828-30; translated from the French, " Manoeuvres of Artillery," 1828 ; and in May, 1834, he resigned. Becoming a civil engr., he was pres. of various railroads until the civil war began, when he became col. 1st Ct. Vols. ; soon after brig.-gen. 3-months troops ; and at Blackburn s Ford and Bull Run com. a division, being next in rank to Gen. McDowell ; Mar. 13, 1862, he was app. brig.- gen., and ordered to the West. He com. a division of the Army of the Mpi. during the campaign which closed with the evacuation of Corinth ; he was afterward employed in guard ing the Upper Potomac, and engaged at Mar- tinsburg, Va., 14 June, 1863; and com. at Harper s Ferry when the Confed. army invaded Pa.; resigned 6 April, 1864. Residence Red Bank, N. J. Tyler, JOHN, gov. of Va., b. near Williams- burg, 1748; d. at his seat in Charles County, Jan. 6, 1813. His father, whose name he bore, was marshal for the colony. The son studied law under R. C. Nicholas; became a warm friend of Jefferson, and an early advocate of independence. In 1774 he removed to Charles City. He was one of the Revol. leaders of Va" ; many years a member of the house of delegates; and in 1781 succeeded Benjamin 59 Harrison as speaker. He was gov. in 1808 11, and was subsequently judge of the U. S. dist. court. Father of Pres. John Tyler. Tyler, JOHN, 10th pres. of the* U. S., h. Charles-City Co., Va., March 29, 1790; d. Richmond, Va., Jan. 17, 1862. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1806. Son of the preceding. Mary his mother was the only child of Robert Arrnis- tead, whose ancestors emigrated to Va. from Hesse-Darmstadt. He studied law; at 19 was adm. to the bar, and soon entered upon a large practice. He was a member of the State legisl. in 1811-16, and a supporter of Jefferson and Madison ; M.C. in 1816-21 ; again a member of the State legisl. in 1823-5; gov. of Va. 1825-7; U.S. senator 1827-36, resigning on account of a difference with Pres. Jackson. Chosen vice-pres. by the Whig party in 1840, the death of President Harrison, April 4, 1841, raised him to the chief magistracy. In 1861 he was a delegate to the Peace Conv., and presided over that body. He subsequently renounced his allegiance to the U.S., and at the time of his death was a member of the Confed. Con gress at Richmond. In Congress he voted to censure Gen. Jackson s conduct during the Seminole war; opposed all internal improve ments by the General Govt., and the U.S. Bank, which he declared unconstitutional. He held in all points to the State-rights or strict-con struction doctrine of the Democ. party. He also opposed a protective tariff, and on the Mo. question all restriction on slavery. In the U.S. senate he avowed his sympathy with the nullification movement in S.C. in 1832, and in consequence withdrew his support from Jack son, but voted for Clay s Compromise Bill. By his veto of the U.S. Bank measure he lost the confidence of the party that placed him ra power, and foreshadowed his desertion of it. The principal measures of his administration were the annexation of Texas, March 1, 1845, an act establishing a uniform system of bank ruptcy, and the protective tariff of 1842. His Life and Speeches were pub. 8vo, N.Y., 1844. Tyler, JOSEPH, actor, b. England, 1749 ; d. N. York, Jan. 25, 1823. He was a contem porary of Garrick, Barry, and Mossop as early as 1775, and was a disting. operatic performer in the provincial theatres in Eng. In 1793 he arrived in the U.S., and joined the company then performing in the Old Theatre in John Street, N.Y., and continued a favorite for many years. Tyler, MOSES COIT, prof, of Eng. lit. in the U. of Mich., b. Griswold, Ct., Aug. 2, 1835. Y.C. 1857; And. Theol. Sem. I860 . Pastor at Poughkeepsie 1860-2. Author of " The Brawnville Papers," 1869, a vol. of essays on physical culture. A frequent lecturer and con- trib. to the N.Y. Independent and other papers and periodicals. Tyler, GEN. ROBERT O.,b. N.Y. City, 1831 ; d. Boston, Dec. 1, 1874. W. Pt. 1853. Enter ing the 3d Art., he was made 1st lieut. 1 Sept. 1856 ; served against the Indians of Wash. Terr, in 1858 ; made capt. and assist.-quarterm. 17 May, 1861; col. 4th Ct. Vols. 29 Aug. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; lieut.-col. and dep. quarterm.-gen. 29 July, 1866. Ha served through the Peninsular campaign, Apr.- 930 Aug. 1862 ; com. the art. of the centre grand div. at Frederieksbnrg and Chancellorsville, and brev. major U.S.A. for the latter 13 Dec. 1862 ; brev. lieut.-col. 2 July, 1863, for Gettys burg ; com. divis. of heavy art. of 2d corps in the Richmond campaign, and brev. col. 17 May, 1864, for Spottsylvania ; brev. maj.-gen. vols. 1 Aug. 1864 for Cold Harbor, where he was severely wounded ; brev. brig, and major gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; d. Dec. 1, 1874. Tyler, ROYALL, wit, poet, and jurist, b. Boston, July 18, 1757 ; d. Brattleborough, Vt., Aug. 16, 1826. H.U. 1776. His immig. ancestor and great-grandfather Thomas came from Budleigh, Devonshire, Eng., and married Miriam, dau. of Pilgrim Simpkins of Boston. He studied law in the office of John Adams, and was for a short time aide to Gen. Lincoln, serving in the same station in the Shays Re bellion in 1786. Settled* as a lawyer in Guil- ford, Vt., in 1790, with success; in 1800, and for six years, was chief justice of the Supreme Court, of which he had been six years judge. In 1809 he pub. "Reports of Cases in the Sup. Court of Vt.," 2 vols. He was a success ful dramatist, and in 1786 produced in New York " The Contrast," a comedy, in which the Yankee dialect and story-telling, since so familiar, were first employed. This was the first American play ever acted on a regular stage by an established company of comedians. He also produced " May-Day, or New York in an Uproar," 1787 ; " The Georgia Spec, or Land in the Moon," 1797 ; and " The Algerine Cap tive," a fictitious memoir, 2 vols. 1799. He gained great reputation by his contributions to the Farmer s Weekly Museum, pub. at Walpole, N.H., assisting Dennie, its editor, with his con tributions "from the shop of Messrs. Colon and Spondee," an amusing mf/anye of light verse and entertaining social and political squibs. To the Portfolio h& contributed "An Author s Evenings," 1801, &c., coll. in a vol. in 1801, entitled "The Spirit of the Farmer s Museum and Lay Preacher s Gazette." He also wrote for the N. E. Galaxy, Polyanthos, and other journals. In 1 799 he composed a Fourth- of-July ode for the celebration at Windsor, Vt., and a convivial song for the same occasion. He was frequently called on for these services, and for occasional prologues at charitable and other theatrical benefits. His son Rev. ED WARD ROYALL, a Cong, clergyman, and ed. of the New-Enrjlander, newspaper, d. New Haven, Ct., 28 Sept. 1848. Duyckinck. Tyler, SAMUEL, LL. D. (Col. Coll. 1859), lawyer and author, b. Prince George s Co., Md., Oct. 22, 1809. Md. Coll. 1827. His father, Grafton, was a tobacco-planter and farmer. The son was educated at the sem. of Dr. Car- nahan, at Georgetown ; then studied law at Frederick City, Md. ; was adm. to its bar in 1831 ; and has since resided there, indulging also in literary avocations. He pub. a " Dis course of the Baconian Philosophy," 1844; " Burns as a Poet and as a Man," 1848; for the Princeton Review, articles on "Balfour s Inquiry," July, 1836; " The Baconian Philos ophy," July, 1 840 ; " Lenhart the Mathemati cian ," July, 1841 ; " Psychology," Apr. 1843; Influence of the Baconian Philosophy," July, 1843; "Agricultural Chemistry," Oct. 1844; " Connection between Philosophy and Reveiar- tion," July, 1845 ; " Bush on the Soul," July, 1846; Humboldt s "Cosmos," July, 1852*; " Progress of Philosophy in the Past and in the Future," 1859. He introduced the subject of law-reform to the Md. convention in 1850, and was by that body app. acommis. to simplify the pleadings and practice in all the State courts; prof, of law in Col.U., Wnsh n, D. C., since 1 867. Tyler, WILLIAM, D.D., R.C. bishop of Hartford; consec. Mar. 17, 1844; d. June 18, 1849. Tyler, WILLIAM SEYMOUR, D.D., clergy man and linguist, b. Hart ord, Pa., Sept. 2, 1810. Amh. Coll. 1830. 7th in descent from Job, an early settler and proprietor of Andover, Ms. In 1831 he taught the classics in Amh. Acad. After studying at And. Theol. Seui., he was licensed to preach by the 3d presbytery of N. Y. City in 1836 ; but, being chosen prof, of Latin and Greek at Arnh. Coll., was not ord. till 22 years later. In 1847 the professorship of ancient languages was divided, Prof. Tyler retaining that of the Greek. He pub. " The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus," 1S47 ; "The Histories of Tacitus," 1848: "Plato s Apology and Crito," 1 859 ; " Prize Essay on Prayer for Colleges," 1854; a "Life of Dr. Henry Lobdell," 1859 ; and "Theology of the Greek Poets," 1867. He has also contrib. to numerous theol. periodicals. Tyng, DUDLEY ATKINS, LL.D., a disting. lawyer, b. Newburvport, Sept. 3, 1760; d. Aug. 1, 1829. H.U. 1781. Son of Dudley Atkins, and a descendant of Gov. Dudley. Changed his name on inheriting the large es tates of James Tyng of Tyngsborong-h. Was U.S. collector of Newburyport, and afterward reporter Mass. Sup. Court until his death. Ed ited " Reports Sup. Jud. Court of Ms.," Sept. 1804-Mar. 1822, 17 vols. 8vo. A Notice of Tyng by John Lowell is in " Ms. Hist. Colls.," 3d ser., vol. ii. Tyng, DUDLEY ATKINS, D.D., Epis. cler gyman, b. Prince George s Co., Md., 1825; d. Brookfield, near Phila., April 19, 1858. U. of Pa. 1843. Son of Rev. Stephen H. of New York. Received his theol. education at the Alexandria Sem. ; ord. 1846 ; preached at Co lumbus, O. ; then had charge of the Epis. church at Charlestown, Va. ; and was trans ferred thence to Cincinnati; in 1854 he was called to the Church of the Epiphany, Phila. A year or two before his death, his career at tracted public attention from his rejection by his congregation in Phila. in consequence of the stand taken by him in the pulpit in opposi tion to slavery. He was also known as a lec turer upon religious and secular subjects. An ther of " Vital Truth and Deadly Error," 1S52 ; "Children of the Kingdom, 1854; "Our Country s Troubles," 1856. See A Father s Memorial, by S. II. Tynrj, D.D., 1858. Tyng, EDWARD, a brave naval commander of Ms. ; d. Boston, Sept. 8, 1755, a. 72. Grand son of Gen. Edward, and son of Edward, a councillor, who was app. gov. of Annapolis, and being taken on the passage, and carried to France, d. there. He was commissioned by Gov. Belcher, April 16, 1740, capt. of tue south 931 and north batteries and fortifications in Bos ton ; succeeding Capt. Southac as commander of the snow " Prince of Orange," he took the first privateer on this coast, June 24, 1744; com. " The Massachusetts" frigate in the exped. against Cape Breton in 1745; and was made commodore of the provincial fleet. He captured the " Vigilante," a French man-of-war of 64 guns. Admiral Warren offered Tyng the com mand of this valuable prize, with the rank of post-capt. ; he declined on account of his ad vanced age, but recommended Rouse, his sec ond in command, who received that honor. Tyng, STEPHEN HIGGINSON, D.D. (Jeff. Coll. 1832 ; H.U. 1851 ), a popular preacher, b. Newburyport, Ms., Mar. 1, 1800. H.U. 1817. Son of Hon. Dudley Atkins Tyng. He first en gaged in mercantile pursuits, but soon studied theology ; ord. deacon in 1821, and took charge of St. George s Church, Georgetown, D.C. ; in 1 823 he removed to Queen Anne Parish, Md. ; in May, 1829, he became rector of St. Paul s, Phila., which he resigned in May, 1833, on an invitation to the Church of the Epiphany. Since his removal to New York in 1845, he has been rector of St. George s Church. An ear nest advocate of the temperance and other social movements of the day. He is remark able for readiness as an extempore speaker, and for fervid eloquence. Author of " Lectures on the Law and the Gospel," 1848; "The Israel of God ; " " Christ is All ; " " Christian Titles ; " " Recollections in Europe," drawn from personal observations during a brief tour ; " Sermons preached in the Church of the Epiphany," 1839; "Family Commentary on the Four Gospels," 1 849 ; "Bible Companion ; " " The History of Ruth the Moabitess," 1855 ; " Esther, the Queen of Persia ; " " The Child of Prayer," a memorial of his son Rev. Dudley A. Tyng ; " Forty Years Experience in Sun day Schools," &c., 1860; "The Spencers," 1870; " Memoir of Rev. G. T. Bedell," 12mo, 1836. He is an editor of the Protestant Church man of New York. Tyng, REV. STEPHEN H., Jun., son of the preceding, b. Phila. 28 June, 1839. Wms. Coll. 1858. Ord. deacon 8 May, 1861, and assist, to his father at St. George s Church, New York, one year; priest 11 Sept. 1863; rector of the Church of the Mediator, Lex. Ave., N.Y. City, and subsequently organized the Church of the Holy Trinity, 42d St. ; con- sec, in 1865; chaplain N.Y. 12thRegt. in 1864; tried in 1867 by an eccl. tribunal for preaching to a Meth. church in New Jersey. Tyson, JOB ROBERTS, LL.D., politician and man of letters, b. Phila. 12 Feb. 1804; d. Woodlawn Hall, Pa., June 27, 1858. He was educated a lawyer ; served in the State legisl. ; in the city council of Phila. ; and was an in fluential M.C. in 1835-7. He was a man of literary and artistic tastes ; and it was due to him that the archives of Pa. were pub. He m. a dau. of the eminent merchant, Thos. P. Cope. He delivered various addresses, and pub. letters and addresses upon the commerce of Phila. He pub. "Pennsylvania Prior to 1743," 8vo, 1843 ; " Essay on the Penal Laws of Pa.," 8vo, 1 827 ; " Memoir of T. C. James, M.D.," 1 836 ; "Lottery System of the U.S.," 1833; "Dis course on the 200th Anniv. of the Birth of William Penn," 1844; "On the Col. Hist, of the Eastern and some of the Southern States," 1842. Tytler, JAMES, author, b. Fern, Scotland, 1747; drowned at Salem, Ms., in Jan. 1804. He received a surgical and chemical education. To avoid political prosecution, emig. about 1 79-3 to Ireland, and to Amer. in 1 796. He was one of the editors of the " Encyclopaedia Britannica ; " author of a " Treatise on the Plague and Yellow Fever," 1799; " Ansv/er to Paine s Age of Reason ; " " Essays on Natural and Re vealed Religion," 1772 ; " Letter to John Bar clay on the Doctrine of Assurance ; " " System of Geography," 1 788 ; " History of Edinburgh ; " " Geographical, Hist., and Commercial Gram mar," 2 vols. 8vo ; poetical transl. of Virgil s " Eclogues ; " " System of Surgery," 3 vols. ; and of some anonymous works and popular songs ; and was a contrib. to many leading magazines of the day. Ulloa (ool-loa), DON ANTONIO DE, a Spanish mathematician, b. Seville, Jan. 12, 1716; d. in the Isle of Leon, near Cadiz, July 5, 1795. He was brought up in the royal marines, in which he obtained the rank of lieut.- gen. Disting. as an engineer, and man of science, he was in 1735 joined in a commission with Don George Juan and others to measure a degree of the meridian in Peru. He remained nearly ten years in S. Amer., and on his return (in 1745) was captured, and carried into an Eng lish port. He pub. on his return to Spain his voyage to S. Amer., which was soon translated into German, French, and English ; but the latter pub. in 1758, 2 vols. 8vo, is miserably garbled and inaccurate. He became the chief promoter of the royal woollen manufactories ; re-organized the colleges of history and sur gery ; superintended and completed the basins at Ferrol and Carthagena. In 1766 he was made gov. of La. Arriving in March, he found the inhabitants unwilling to submit to Spanish domination ; and they broke out into open riot, which compelled him to leave the colony. In 1772 he pub. "Entretenim ientos Physico-historicos sobre la America Merid." &c. 4to. Having become a lieut.-gen. in the naval service, he re ceived the command of a squadron intended to join an exped. against Fla. Absorbed in his astronomical investigations, Ulloa forgot to open his sealed orders, and, after cruising two months without success, returned ; was court- martialled in 1780, and never again employed. This eminent Spaniard also contrib. several scientific papers to the Royal Society. Ulloa, FRANCISCO DE, Spanish discoverer of California ; assassinated at Xalisco, soon after returning from his voyage, " by a soldier who bore malice against him." He was the lieut. of Cortez in his explorations of the w. coast of Amer., and was in 1535 left by him in charge of the colony at Santa Cruz. He com. the exped. (July, 1539-May, 1540) which explored Cal., giving to the Gulf of C. the name of Mar de Cortes. He ascertained that the peninsula of Cal. was united to the main land, and sailed northward, examining its western side as far as 30 N. lat. The narr. of this voyage by Preciado, one of the officers, is rnsrc 932 TJIPII fn Ramusio, iii. 283, and in English in Birney, i. 193. Uncas, sachem of the Mohegan tribe in Ct. ; d. in 1683, at a great age. Originally a Pequot war chief. He revolted in 1634 from Sassacus, the Pequot sachem ; became friendly to the English settlers; and was made chief of the Mohegans. In May, 1637, he joined Mason s exped. against the Pequots, and was rewarded with some of their lands; in 1638 he went to Boston, where he made a treaty to which he adhered ; he also treated with the Ct. colonists in Sept. 1638, and in 1640 con veyed to them all his land, excepting Mohegan. In 1643 he joined the English in a war, which ended in the death of the powerful Narraganset sachem Miantonomoh. In 1648 the Mohawks, Pocontocks, and other tribes, made war against Uncas, but with small result. Besieged in his fort on the Pequot (now Thames K.(in 1657, by the Narraganset cheif Pessacus, he was relieved, when near starvation, by Ensign Leffingwell, to whom it is said Uncas deeded the land upon which Norwich now stands, though he after ward sold it to a company. A council of com missioners of the United Colonies, held at Boston in 1654, heard many complaints of the rapacity and injustice of Uncas, and ordered that " he be duly reproved, and seriously in formed that the English cannot protect him in any unlawful, much less treacherous and out rageous courses." He was characterized in 1 674 as " an old and wicked, wilful man, a drunkard, and otherwise very vicious, who hath always been an opposer and underminer of praying to God." He was always the ally of the English, though too old to be of much service in Philip s war in 1675, when all other Indian tribes united against them. Underbill, CAPT. JOHN, b. Warwick shire, Eng. ; d. at Oyster Bay, L.I., ab. 1672. He had been a soldier in the Netherlands and at Cadiz. Came to N.E. in 1630 with Win- throp ; was a representative from Boston ; and was sent by his friend Sir PL Vane in com. of the Colony troops, who with Capt. Mason, in 1637, destroyed the Indian forts at Mystic, and broke the warlike spirit of the Pequots. Banished in Boston for his religious opinions, he went to Eng., and pub. " News from America," a hist, of the Pequod war, 4to, 1638. In 1641 he was gov. of Exeter and Dover; afterwards lived at Stamford, Ct. ; and in 1646 removed to Flushing. He was a dele gate to the court at New Haven in 1643, and assistant justice there, and in the war between the Dutch and Indians (1643-6) had a principal command; in 1665 he was a delegate from Oyster Bay to the Assembly at Hempstead, and was app. under-sheriffof the North Riding of Yorkshire; in 1667 the Matinecock Indians gave him 150 acres of land, now in possession of a descendant bearing his name. Underwood, GEN. ADIN BALLOU, b. Milford, Ms., 19 May, 1828. B.U. 1849. His ancestors Joseph and Thomas came to Hing- ham before 1637, and settled in Watertown. His father Orison was a brig.-gen. of militia. His mother was Hannah Bond Cheney. Adm. to the Wore. Co. bar in 1853; removed to Boston in 1855; capt. 2d Ms. Inf. Apr. 1861 ; licnt.-col. and col. 33d Ms. Inf. Sept. 1862; in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg ; served under Hooker at Look out Mountain, and dangerously wounded, and disabled from further field-duty; brig.-gen. 6 Nov. 1863 ; brev. maj.-gen. 1 Sept. 1865 ; since surveyor of customs, Boston. Underwood, JOSEPH ROGERS, judge, and U.S. senator 1847-53, b. Goochland Co., Va., Oct. 24, 1791. U. of Lex., Ky., 1811. In 1803 he was adopted by his maternal uncle in Barren Co., Ky. ; educated at various schools in that State, and then read law with R. Wicliffe. At Dudley s defeat in 1813 ha was a lieut. of vols., and was badly wounded and taken prisoner, but was lodged in a hos pitable cabin near Cleveland until sufficiently recovered to return home. In the fall of 1813 he settled at Glasgow, Ky. ; practised law there ten years, during which time he was trustee of the town, and county atty., and was member of the legisl. in 1816-19 ;" in 1823 he removed with his family to Bowling Green ; and was a member of the Assembly in 1825-6 ; judge of the Court of Appeals 1828-35 ; M.C. 1835-43. In 1846 he was again elected to the Ky. legisl., and was speaker of the house ; delegate to the Chicago conv. of 1864 ; d. Aug. 23, 1876. Updike, WILKINS, lawyer and author, b. Kingston, R.I., Jan. 8, 1784; d. there Jan. 14, 1867. He served many years in the legisl. ; pub. in 1842 " Memoirs of the R.I. Bar," and, in 1847, "History of the Episc. Church in Narraganset." Upfold, GEORGE, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1831), M.D. (Coll. Phys. and Surg. 1816), LL.D. Union Coll. 1814. Pr.-Epis. bishop of Ind. ; consec.Dec. 16, 1849; b. near Guilford, Surrey, Eng., 1796; emig. to the U.S. 1802 ; ord. 1818; rector of St. Luke s, N.Y. City, 1819-27; of St. Thomas s, 1827-30; of Trinity, Pittsburg, 1830-49. Author of "The La st Hundred Years," 1845; "Manual of Private Devotions," 1863 ; d. Indianapolis, Aug. 26, 1872. Upham, CHARLES WENTWORTH, clergy man and author, b. St. John, N.B., May 4, 1802. H.U. 1821. Son of Judge JOSHUA, a loyalist of the Rcvol. (b. Brookfield, Ms., 14 Nov. 1741; d. Lond. 1808; H.U. 1763), judge of the Sup. Court, and member of the council of N.Brunswick 1784-1807; he practised law in Boston and N.Y. City, and was at one time aide to Gen. Carleton. The son, originally a mer chant s clerk, afterward taught school in various places. Dec. 8, 1824, ord. coll. of Rev. John Prince over the First Church, Salem, Ms. ; and Dec. 8, 1 844, relinquished the ministry on account of loss of voice. He has at different times edited the Christian Review (Unitarian) ; ed. the Christian Register in 1845-6; was mayor of Salem in 1852; in 1840, 49, 59, and 60, in the State legisl. ; in 1857 and 58, pres. of the State senate; M.C. 1853-5, and of the State Const. Conv. 1853. Author of "Letters on the Logos," 1828; "Lectures on Witch craft," 1831 ; "Life of Sir H. Vane," 1835; " Life of J. C. Fremont," 1856; "Prophecy as an Evidence of Christianity," 1 835 ; and " Sa lem Witchcraft," 2 vols. 8vo, 1867. A frequent contrib. to leading reviews and other periodi cals ; wrote Memoirs for " The National POP 933 TJRQ trait Gallery; " and is author of several orations, pamphlets, &c.; d. Salem, Ms., June 15, 1875. Upharn, NATHANIEL GOOKIN, LL.D. (Dartm. 1862), jurist, bro. of T. C. Upham, b. Rochester, N.H., 1801 ; d. Concord, N.H., Dec. 11, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1820. Son of Hon. Nathaniel, a prominent politician of N.H. (b. Deerfield, N.H., 9 June, 1774; d. Roches ter, N.H., 10 July, 1829; educated at Phillips Exeter Acad. ; M.C. 1817-23). He began to practise law at Bristol, N.H., but removed to Concord in 1829. A judge of the N.H. Su preme Court in 1833-43 ; connected with the Concord Railroad in 1843-63; many years a pillar of the Democ. party in N.H.; and made by his warm friend President Pierce, in 1853, a commiss. to London to adjust claims pending between citizens of the two countries. He left the Democ. party early in 1861, and gave an unqualified support to the govt. ; in 1865-6 member N.H. legislature. Upham, REV. THOMAS COGSWELL, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1843), author, b. Deerfield, N.H., Jan. 30, 1 799. Dartm. Coll. 1818; And. Sem. 1821. Son of Hon. Nathaniel. In 1821 he was Prof. Stuart s assist, as teacher of Hebrew at And. Theol. Sem., and translated Jahn s "Biblical Archaeology." In 1823-4 he was col league pastor of the Cong, church in Roches ter, N.H. ; prof, mental philosophy and ethics, and also instructor in Hebrew, at Bowd. Coll., from Feb. 1825 to July, 1 867. Resided Kenne- buukport, Me. Author of " Elements of Men tal Philos,," 1839 ; "Treatise on the Will," 1850; " Outlines of Imperfect and Disordered Mental Action," 1843; "Principles of Interior or Hidden Life." In 1855 he pub. 2 vols. en titled "Life and Religious Experiences and Opinions of Madame de la Mothe Guyon, and Fenelon, Archbishop of Cambray ; " "Ra tio Disciplines" 1829; "Treatise on Divine Union," 1851; "Religious Maxims," 1854; "Manual of Peace," 1836; "American Cot tage Life," 1852; "Letters from Europe, Egypt, and Palestine," 1857; an Essay on a Congress of Nations, 1840; "The Life of Faith," 1856; "Life of Catharine Adorna," 1856; d. N.Y. City, Apr. 2, 1872. Upham, COL. TIMOTHY, b. Deerfield, N.H., 1783; d. Charlestown, Ms., Nov. 2, 1855. Son of Rev. TIMOTHY, Cong, pastor of Deer- field from Dec. 9, 1772, to his d. 21 Feb. 1811 (b. Maiden, Ms., 20 Dec. 1748; H.U. 1768). He pub. some occas. sermons. His son com menced mercantile life in Portsmouth, N.H., in 1807; March 12, 1812, he was app. major llth U.S. Inf. ; was soon after placed in com. of the forts and harbor of Portsmouth ; joined the army at Plattsburg in Sept. ; was promoted (12 Mar. 1813) to lieut.-col. in the famous 21st Rcgt., Col. Miller; and at the sortie from Fort Erie he com. the reserve ; collector of Ports mouth 181 6-29 ; maj.-gcn. of the State militia ; and was navy agent 1841-5. Upshur, ABEL PARKER, jurist and states man, b. Northampton Co., Va., June 17, 1790; killed Feb. 28, 1844, by the bursting of a gun on board the U.S. steamer "Princeton," in the Potomac. N. J. Coll. 1807. He studied law in the office of William Wirt, in Richmond, and practised his profession there from 1810 to 1824. After representing his native Co. in the State legisl., in 1826 he was app. a judge in the Gen. Court of Va. ; in 1829 was a member of the State Const. Conv. ; again sat on the bench of the Gen. Court until 1841, when he became sec. of the navy, and in 1843 sec. of State. A contrib. to the periodical press, and author of " An Inquiry into the Nature and Character of our Federal Govt.," and also a number of essays, reviews, addresses, &c. Upton, EMORY, brev. maj.-gcn. U.S.A., b. Batavia, N.Y., Aug. 27, 1839. W.Pt. and lient. 5th Art. 1861 ; col. 121st N.Y. Vols. 23 Oct. 1862 ; brig.-gen. vols. 12 May, 1864; capt. 5th Art. 22 Feb. 1865 ; lieut.-col. 25th Inf. 28 July, 1866; assigned to 1st Art. 15 Dec. 1870; aide to Gen. Tyler, and wounded at Bull Run 21 July ; com. battery, and in the battles of rhe Peninsular campaign ; engaged at South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chan- cellorsville, and Gettysburg ; com. brigade in 6th corps, and brcy. maj. 8 Nov. 1863 for Rappahannock Station, Va. ; engaged in bat tles of the Wilderness ; brcv. lieut.-col. 10 May, 1864, for Spottsylvania, where he was wound ed ; in battle of Cold Harbor, siege of Peters burg, Shenandoah campaign; wounded, and brev. col. 19 Sept. 1864 for battle of Winches ter; com. 4th cav. division in Gen. Wilson s operations in Ala. and Ga. Mar.-May, 1865 ; and brev. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for the capture of Selma, Ala., and for merit, services during the Rebellion. Author of "Infantry Tactics" for the U.S. army and militia, adopted 1 Aug. 1867. Cuttum. Uring, CAPT. NATHANIEL, author of " Re lation of the late Intended Settlement of St. Lucia and St. Vincent," 8vo, 1725. His Voyages and Travels, 1726 and 1749, contain a curious account of his visit to New England in 1709. Urquiza (oor-kee -sa), JUSTE JOSE de, Argentine statesman, b. in the State of Entre Rios, 1800; assassinated May 14, 1870. He was of mixed Spanish and Indian blood. Dur ing the war in La Plata, he attached himself to the party of Rosas, and became gen. of divis ion ; in 1840 he com. the army sent against Uruguay; and completely defeated Ribera, Mar. 28, 1845, in the battle of India Muerte, receiving in reward the governorship of Entre Rios. When, in 1851, Rosas pretended to lay down the supreme power, Urquiza took him at his word, and a war was the consequence. Allying himself with Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, he collected an army of 30,000 men ; crossed the Parana in Jan. 1852 ; routed Rosas at Santos Lugares, Feb. 3 ; and by a, coup d etat made himself provis. dictator of the Argentine Repub. He called a new congress at Santa Fe in Aug. to settle the troubles of the coun try. A revol. springing up in Buenos Ayres, he besieged the city of that name, but was finally forced to retire. In March, 1854, he was elected for 6 years pros, of the 13 other States composing the union, and employed his power in an enlightened manner, re-establish ing commerce and navigation, and declaring the Parana, the Paraguay, and the Plata free to foreign powers. The war against Buenos Ayres was continued. In 1859 he arbitrated TJSH 934 between the U.S. and Paraguay on occasion of the La Plata naval exped. After retiring from the dictatorship, he was again app. gen.- in-chief, and once more attempted the reduc tion of Buenos Ayres, but was defeated by Gen. Mitre, and became in 1862 gov. of Entre Rios. Usher, JOHN, Keut.-gor. of N.H. 1692-7 and 1702, b. Boston, Apr. 27, 1648; d. Med- ford, Ms., Sept. 5, 1726. Son of Hezckiah, of Cambridge 1639, of Boston 1746. He was a oookseller and stationer in Boston ; a col., coun sellor, and treasurer of Ms. ; and rendered im portant services to the province in purchasing the district of Me. Ho in. a dau. of Samuel Allen, whose claims in N.H. he supported. Usher, JOHN P., lawyer, b. New York. Removed early in life to Indiana; practised law ; became a member of the legisl. ; was a short time atty.-gen. of the State ; first assist. sec. of the interior 1862 ; sec. from Jan. 1863 till the spring of 1865. Has since been atty. for the Union Pacific Railroad Co., eastern division. Vaill, JOSEPH, Cong, minister of Had- lyme, Ct., from Feb. 9, 1780, to his d. at Kil- lingworth, Ct., Nov. 21, 1838; b. Litchfield, Ct., July 3, 1750. Dartm. Coll. 1778. He pub. in 1796 "Noah s Flood," a poem of about 550 lines. His Memoirs, by Rev. Isaac Par sons, were pub. in a vol. of 236 pages. Valdivia de (da val-dee -vea), DON PE DRO, one of the Spanish conquerors of Peru in 1532, b. ab. 1510; d. 1559. About 1540, un der the orders of Pizarro, he invaded Chili with a small force, founded Santiago, and gained victories over the natives. Returning to Peru about 1547, he fought under Gasca against Gonzalez Pizarro. He was captured by the Araucanians, who put him to death. Valentine, DAVID THOMAS, historian, b. E. Chester, N.Y., Sept. 15, 1801 ; d. N.Y. City, Feb. 25, 1869. He received an academical edu cation at White Plains ; became clerk of the Marine Court in 1821 ; and in 1837-69 was clerk of the common council of New York. From 1842 to 1868 he pub., yearly, "Manual of the Common Council," making 25 vols. of instruc tive and entertaining matter pertaining to the city of New York. He also pub. a " History of New York," 8vo, 1853. Vallandigham (va-lan -de-gam), CLEM ENT LAIRD, b. New Lisbon, O., July 29, 1820; d. Lebanon, O., 17 June, 1871, by the acciden tal discharge of a pistol. Of Huguenot an- ccstry. He received a good education ; spent a year at JciF. Coll., O. ; was 2 years principal of an acad. at Snow Hill, Md. ; adm. to the Ohio bar in 1 842 ; member of the State legisl. in 1845-6 ; editor of the Dayton Inquirer 1847-9 ; member of the Cincinnati conv. in 1856; M.C. 1S57-63; delegate to the Chicago conv. of 1864. Banished in 1863 for his hostility to the govt., and went to Canada. In 1863 he was Dcmoc. candidate for gov. of Ohio, and was defeated. Van Aarsdale, ELIAS, LL.D., an emi nent lawyer, 33 years pros, of the State Bank ; d. Newark, N. J., 19 March, 1846, a. 75. Van Berckel, PETER I., minister from Holland ; d. Newark, N. J., 17 Dec. 1800, a. 76. Van Brunt, GERSIIOM J., commo. U.S.N., b. N. J. 1798; d. Dedham, Ms., Dec. 17, 1863. He entered the navy, Nov. 3, 1818; app. lieiu. Mar. 3, 1827; com." May 29, 1846; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; commo. July 16, 1862. He com, " The Minnesota ; " took an active part in the reduction of the Hatteras torts, and in the blockading service at Hampton Roads. Van Buren, JOHN, lawyer and politician b. Hudson, N.Y., Feb. 18, 1810; d. on the pas sage between Liverpool and N. York, Oct. 13, 1866. Y.C. 1828. Second son of Pros. Van Buren. Studied law wifh B. F. Butler of Al bany, and adm. to the bar in 1830. He at tended his father at the court of St. James in 1831 ; in 1845-6 was atty.-gen. of New York; and in 1848 acted with the Free-Soil party, ably advocating the exclusion of slavery from the Federal Territories. During the later years of his life, however, he acted with the Democ. par ty. In May, 1866, he left N. York, and made an extensive European tour. He was an elo quent speaker, ^ an able lawyer, and possessed fine social qualities. Van Buren, MARTIN, 8th president of the U.S., b. Kinderhook, N.Y., Dec. 5, 1782; d. there July 24, 1862. His father was a farmer, and he was educated at the village academy. Adm. to the bar in 1 803, he became surrogate of Columbia Co. in 1808 ; a member of the sen ate in 1812 ; an earnest advocate of the war of 1812-15; atty.-gen. of the State in 1815; again in ^the senate in 1816; and became the ruling spirit of the coterie of Democrats who controlled the State for over 20 years. He was removed from the office of atty.-gen. in 1 8 1 9 ; was a mem ber of the State Const. Conv. in 1821; U.S. sen ator 1821-8 ; chosen gov. of N. York in 1828 ; from Mar. 1829 to Apr. 7, 1831, sec. of state to Pres. Jackson ; app. minister to Eng. in 1831, but rejected by the senate; vice-pres. in 1833- 7; and chosen pros, in 1837, but in 1841 was defeated by Gen. Harrison, who had 234 elec toral votes, while Van Buren received but 60. In 1844 his renomination by his party was rejected on account of his opposition to the an nexation of Texas ; in 1 848 he was the candi date of the antislavery party. With the excep tion of a European tonr in 1853-5, he afterward remained in private life. On the outbreak of the civil war, Mr. Van Buren declared himself decidedly and warmly in favor of maintaining the republic in its integrity. In 1820 he op posed the admission of Mo. as a slave State. In the Const. Conv. he advocated an extension of the electoral franchises, but opposed univer sal suffrage, and also the election of justices of the peace. As gov., he proposed the safety- fund banking system. At the period of his accession to the presidency the country was in volved in a crisis of unprecedented severity, and 2 months later the banks suspended specie payment. To meet this state of things, an ex traordinary session of Congress was convened in Sept., to which he proposed various measures of relief. The principal measures of his admin istration were the establishment of the indep. treasury, and the pre-emption law, giving set tlers on public lands the right to buy them in preference to other persons. Notwithstanding Mr. Van Buren was the subject of much parti- 935 san denunciation, all parties have borne testi mony to his admirable personal qualities. He m. a Miss Hoes ab. 1804, and had several sons. Author of an "Inquiry into the Origin and Course of Political Parties in the U.S./ edited by his sons, 8vo, 1867. See his Life by W. Holland, 1836; D, Crockett, 1836; M, Dawson, 1840; W. L. Mackenzie, Butler, and Hoyt, 2 vols. 8vo, 1846. Vance, JOSEPH, gov. of Ohio 1836-8, b. Washington Co., Pa., Mar. 21, 1786; d. near Urbana, 0., Aug. 24, 1852. His father, Joseph Colville, served through the Revol. in Morgan s rifle regt. ; afterwards settled in Ky. ; and in 1805 was one of the first two settlers of Urba na, O. Joseph followed mercantile pursuits with success ; was a member of the Obio legisl. in 1812-16; M.C. 1821-35, and again 1843-7, serving as chairman of the com. on claims ; State senator 1839-41 ; and rose to the rank of maj.-gen. of militia. Gov. V. was an en thusiastic farmer and stock-raiser. Delegate to the Whig Nat. Conv. at Phila. in 1848, and to the State Const. Conv. of 1820. A. T. Goodman. Vance, ZEBULON B., gov. of N.C. 1861-5 (under the Confederacy), b. Buncombe Co., N.C., May 13, 1830. He spent a year at the U. of N.C. ; was adm. to the bar in 1853; member of the legisl. 1854-8; M.C. 1858-61; chosen U.S. senator in 1870. Van Cleve, GEN. HORATIO PHILLIPS, b. Princeton, N. J., Nov. 23, 1809. West Point, 1831. He studied at N. J. Coll. ; and was a 2d lieut. 5th Inf., resigning in 1836. Removing to Mich., he employed himself in agriculture and civil engineering. He was a farmer in Minnesota in 1856-61 ; and July 22, 1861, was made col. of the 2d Minn. Vols. He com. this regt. at the battle of Mill Spring, Jan, 19, 1862 ; for his conduct on this occasion was made a brig.-gen. March 21, 1862; com. a brigade in Crittenden s division, before Corinth, through Northern Ala. ; and at Louisville took com. of the division on Crittenden s promotion (Oct. 1, 1862) ; joining Rosecranz in Dec., he took part in the battle of Stone River, where he was wounded, having rendered disting. service ; en gaged at Ringgold, Ga., and Gordon s Mills 11- 13 Sept. 1863 ; in battle of Cbickamauga 19-20 Sept. 1 863 ; and in com. of Murfreesborough, Tenn., 1863-5; adj. -gen. State of Minn, since Jan. 1866. CuUum. Van Cortlandt, GEN. PHILIP, a patriot of the Revol., b. New York, Sept. 1, 1749 ; d. Nov. 21,1831. Son of Pierre. He became a land-surveyor at the age of 19; but, when the Revol. broke out, he joined the patriot army as a lieut. -col. In 1776 he was app. col. 2d N.Y. Regt. ; served at the battle of Stillwater, also against the frontier Indians in 1778; in 1780 com. a regt. of militia under Lafayette, and for his gallant conduct at Yorktown was promoted to brig.-gen. Member of the N.Y. Assembly 1788-90 ; of the State Conv. which adopted the U. S. Constitution in 1788; senator 1791-4; and M.C. 179 3-1809. Gen. Van Cortlandt ac- comp. Lafayette in his tour through the U.S. in 1824. PIERRE, his bro. M.C. 1811-13, and a major-general of militia, died 1848, aged 86. Van Cortlandt, PIERRE, lieut-gov. of 1ST. Y. 1777-95 ; d. Croton, N.Y., May 1, 1814, e. 94. Father of the preceding. Member of 1st Prov. Congress, also of the com. which framed the constitution of N.Y. The Van Cortlandt family, originally noble in Holland, was estab lished in America by Rt. Hon. Oliver Stephen, who in 1629 accomp. the Dutch gov. to N.Y. as secretary. Vancouver, GEORGE, navigator and ex plorer of the north-west coast of America ; b. ab. 1757 ; d. May 10, 1798. Entering the navy in 1771, he accomp. Cook in his two last voy ages, and in the latter part of 1780 was app. a lieut. ; in 1790 he was made master and com. of " The Discovery," in which ship he was sent out to ascertain if there existed in North Amer ica, between the 30th and 60th degrees of n. lat., an interior sea or any canals of communi cation between the known gulfs of the Atlantic and the great sea. He sailed from Eng. Apr. 1, 1791 ; and, after an examination of the Sandwich Islands, crossed in March, 1792, to the American coast, where he received the sur render of Nootka from the Spaniards, and spent the summers of 1792, 93, and 94 in sur veying the coast as far N. as Cook s Inlet, win tering in the Sandwich Islands. He consid ered his explorations to have settled the ques tion of a north-west passage in the negative. Vancouver s Island was named by him. On his return, he surveyed most of the W. coast of S. America from the Island of Chiloe, visit ing the chief Spanish settlements. He was made a post-capt. in 1 794, and arrived in Lond. in Nov. 1795 in a state of declining health from the effects of his voyages, but devoted himself to the arrangement of his manuscripts for pub lication until within a short time of his death. His Voyages, edited by his bro., was printed at the expense of govt. (4to, Lond. 1798), and was shortly after translated into French, Ger man, and Swedish. Vandenhofl*, GEORGE, actor and reader, son of John M., a celeb, actor, b. Eng. ab. 1820. Made his debut Oct. 14, 1839, at Cov- ent Garden, London, as Leon, in "Rule a Wife, and Have a Wife." Left the Eng. stage Aug. 1, 1842, as Hamlet; app. at the Park Theatre, N.Y.,Scpt. 21, 1842, as Hamlet ; took farewell of the stage in Nov. 1856 ; was adm. to the bar in Nov. 1858 ; and has latterly given public readings. Author of a " Plain System of Elocution ; " " Leaves from an Actor s Note- Book," &c., 1860 ; " Dramatic Reminiscences," &c., 1859; " Clerical Assistant, an Elocution ary Guide," 1862; "A Lady s Reader," 1862. Vanderbilt, CORNELIUS, a wealthy and enterprising citizen of N.Y., b. Staten Island, N.Y., May 27, 1794. Originally poor, he began business as master of a small sail-boat ; became capt. of a steamboat in 1817 ; built many steam boats and steamships of improved construction, and in 1851 established a line from N. Y. to California by way of Nicaragua. In 1 862 he gave to the U.S. govt. his new steamer " The Vanderbilt," which cost $800,000, and for which Congress passed a resolution of thanks. He now has the chief control of the N.Y. Cen tral and the Harlem Railroads. " His enter prise, genius, and success are known and felt the world over;" died N.Y. City, Jan. 4, 1877. 936 Van der Lyn, JOHN, painter, b. Kings ton, Ulster Co., N.Y., Oct. 1776; d. there 23 Sept. 1852. Evincing aptitude for painting, he went at 16 to N.Y. City, where he received instruction from Gilbert Stuart; went to Paris in 1796 through the aid of Aaron Burr, stud ied there 5 years, and again resided in Europe in 1803-15. His picture of " Marius seated ainid the Ruins of Carthage " won the gold medal at the Louvre in 18U8, and a high com pliment from Napoleon. While in Italy, he made many copies of the old masters, especially Ariadne, the Danae and the Antiope of Correggio, and a female figure from the trans figuration of Raphael. After his second return to America, he painted portraits of Madison, Monroe, Clinton, Calhoun, and many other disting. men. He introduced panoramic exhi bitions into the U.S., but was pecuniarily un successful. In 1832 he was commissioned to paint a full-length of Washington for the hall of the house of representatives ; and in 1 839 painted the "Landing of Columbus " for the rotunda of the capitol. Another of his pictures was " The Murder of Miss McCrea." His last was a full-length of Pres. Taylor. Van Derveer, GEN. FERDINAND, b. But ler Co., O., Feb. 27, 1823. Farmers Coll., O. Rose from a private to capt. 1st Ohio Regt. in the Mexican war, and at Monterey headed one of the assaulting columns. He afterwards practised law, and was sheriff of Butler Co. Col. 35th O. Regt. 1861-2; succeeded to the com. of McCook s brigade in Sept. 1862, and led it until made brig.-gen. in the fall of 1864, and assigned to the 4th corps. He was in the battle of Mill Spring, and was highly disting. at Chickamauga and Mission. Ridge. Reid s Ohio in the War. Van de Velde, JAMES OLIVER, D.D., R.C. bishop of Natchez, b. Belgium, 1792; d. Natchez, Mpi., Nov. 13, 1855. Uniting him self early with the Jesuits, he was sent when quite young to America. For some years he was pres. of the R.C. Coll. of St. Louis ; was consec. bishop of Chicago in 1848; and was transferred to Natchez, July 29, 1853. Van Dorn, GEN. EARL, b. Mpi. 1821 ; d. Spring Hill, Tenn., May 8, 1 863. West Point, 1842. Aide-de-camp to Gen. P. F. Smith 1847-9; brev. capt. and major for gallantry at Cerro Gordo and at Contreras and Churu- busco; disting. at Chapultepec; wounded at the capture of Mexico City, Sept. 13, 1847; capt. 2d Cav. 3 Mar. 1855; disting. in several conflicts with the Comanches in Texas, in one of which, 1 Oct. 1858, he was 4 times wounded (twice dangerously); major 2d Cav. 28 June, 1860. Long known in the army as zealously devoted to the interests of the slaveholding States, he was among the first to resign his commission (Jan. 31, 1861) ; became a col. in the Confed. service ; took com. of a body of Texas vols. ; April 20 captured the valuable steamer " Star of the West " at Indianola ; Apr. 24, at the head of 800 men at Salaria, he received the surrender of Maj. C. C. Sib .ey and 7 companies of U.S. inf. ; arid May 9, of Lieut.-Col. Reeve, and 6 companies 8th Inf. Made hrig.-_ren., and soon after maj.-gen., he took com. of theTrans-Mpi. dist. Jan. 29,1862; was defeated at the battle of Pea Ridge, Mar, 6, 7, and 8; was superseded by Gen. Holmes ; joined the army in Mpi. ; com. and was defeat ed at the battle of Corinth, Oct. 3, 4 ; and was superseded by Gen. Pemberton. Defeated at Franklin, Tenn., Apr. 10, 1863, by Gen. Gor don Granger. He was shot by Dr. Peters, whose family he had injured. Van Dyke, NICHOLAS, pres. of Delaware, and member Cont. Congress 1777-82; d. St. George s Hundred, Del., 19 Feb. 1789, a. 50. His son NICHOLAS (M.C. 1807-11 ; U.S. sena tor 1817-26) d. Newcastle, Del., May, 1826. N. J. Coll. 1788. Vane, SIR HENRY, statesman, b. Hadlow, Kent, Eng., 1612; executed on Tower Hill, London, June 14, 1662. Son of Sir Henry,, sec. of state, and treas. of the royal house hold under James I. and Charles I. * Educated at Westminster and Oxford, he became so far alienated from the Church of England, that he refused to take the oath of allegiance, and re turned from a residence at Geneva a Repub. and a Puritan. Resolving to join the Puritan Colony of Ms., he reached Boston Oct. 3, 1635 ; was enthusiastically received ; and in 1636, at the age of 24, was chosen gov. A bitter religious controversy sprang up during his term of office. Vane was probably the first who laid down with precision the inviola ble rights of conscience and the exemption of religion from all civil authority. He had a horror of all forms of bigotry, and had no sym pathy with the attacks of the clergy on Mrs. Hutchinson. A strong opposition, under the lead of Winthrop, was organized against him, and he was at the next election defeated. The people of Boston, however, immediately chose him their representative to the General Court. He sailed for England, Aug. 3, 1637; was elected to parliament, and was, with Sir Wm. Russell, made joint treasurer of the navy, and also knighted in 1640. In the long parliament, of which he was a member, he was instrument al in the conviction of Strafford, and a zealous opponent of the royalists ; was the prime mover of the Solemn League and Covenant ; was upon all the commissions empowered to treat with the king during the war; and in 1648 led the minority of parliament which favored the rejection of the terms of settlement offered by the king. Not approving of Cromwell s "purge" of the parliament, he withdrew to private life, until, in Feb. 1649, he became a member of the council of state, which was in trusted with the exec. govt. of the nation. Pie had almost exclusive direction of the navv and the conduct of foreign wars ; and was at the head of a com. which reported a bill for parlia mentary reform. It was at this time that Mil ton wrote in his praise one of his finest sonnets. The forcible dissolution of the long parliament in April, 1653, brought Vane and Cromwell into open conflict; and Vane s opposition was carried to such a length, that he was for a short time confined in Carisbrooke Castle. In the parliament of 1659 he was the leader of the Repub. party. Committed to the Tower after the restoration, he was one of the 20 exccpted from the act of oblivion and pardon. His bearing at the place of execution was dignified 937 and manly. He was a leader of the Independ ents. His services to New England were im portant. It was in great measure through his influence that the charter for the R.I. Colony was procured, and Roger Williams declared that his name ought ever to be held in honored remembrance by her people. He was, says Forster, " one of the greatest and purest men that ever walked the earth." His Life, by C. W. Upham, is in Sparks s "American Biogra phy," iv. The present duke of Cleveland, in whose veins the blood of Charles II. also flows, is his lineal descendant. Van Ness, CORNELIUS PETER, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1823), jurist, b. Kinderhook, N.Y., Jan. 26, 1782; d. Phila. Dec. 15, 1852. Edu cated for the law, he practised with great suc cess at Burlington, Vt. ; was U.S. atty. 1809- 13 ; representative 1818-21 ; a commiss. to settle our national boundaries under the treaty of Ghent 1817-21 ; collector of the port of Bur lington 1815-18; chief justice of the State 1821-3 ; gov. 1823-6 ; minister to Spain 1829- 37 ; collector of the port of New York 1844-5. Van Ness, WILLIAM W., jurist, b. Clav- enack, N.Y., 1776 ; d. Charleston, S. C., Feb. 27, 1823. Adm. to the bar in 1797. He prac tised in his native town and in Hudson. Mem ber of the Assembly in 1804-6 ; judge N.Y. Sup. Court 1807-22; member State Const. Conv. 1823. Van Bensselaer (van r6n sel-ler), CORT- LAND, D.D. (U.ofN.Y. 1845), asonof Stephen, b. Albanv, May 25, 1808 ; d. Burlington, N. J., July 25, 1860. Y.C. 1827. Adm. to the N.Y. bar in 1830; studied at the Theol. Sem. in Princeton ; was ord. in 1835, and preached in Va. In 1837 he became pastor of the 1st Presb. Church, Burlington, N. J. As agent for the Coll. of N. J., he raised $100,000 for its endowment.- He founded the Presb. Magazine, and contributed largely to its pages. A vol. of his Essays and Discourses, Hist, and Prac tical, ed. by his son, was pub. 8vo, Phila. 1861. Van Bensselaer, COL. HENRY, insp.- gen. U.S.A., b. N. York 1810 ; d. Cincinnati, March 23, 1864. West Point, 1831 ; res. from 5th Inf. Jan. 27, 1832. Son of Stephen. M.C. from N.Y. 1841-3. App., on the breaking-out of the Rebellion, chief of staff to Gen. Scott, with rank of brig.-gen. ; and, on Scott s retire ment, was made insp.-gen., with rank of colonel. Van Bensselaer, GEN. HENRY KIL- LIAN, b. near Albany, 1744 ; d. Greenbush, N.Y., Sept. 9, 1816 He com. a N.Y. regt. in the Re vol. war ; was wounded at the capture of Burgoyne ; and was afterward a gen. of mili tia. In July, 1777, he was attacked by a large force near Fort Anne. He made a brave re sistance, but, learning of the abandonment of Ticonderoga, he withdrew. In this affair he was severely wounded in the thigh. Van Bensselaer, JEREMIAH, Revol. pa triot, b. 1741 ; d. Albany, Feb. 22, 1810. N.J. Coll. 1 758. Lieut.-gov. of N.Y. 1801-3 ; M.C. 1789-91. Van Bensselaer, GEN. SOLOMON, b. Rensselasr Co., N.Y., Aug. 6, 1774; d. Al bany, April 23, 1852. Son of Gen. Henry Killian. He entered the service March 14, 1792, as a cornet of cavalry, and as capt. was severely wounded through the lungs in tht battle of Miami ; fought under Gen. Wavne Aug. 20, 1794; in 1801-10 and in 1813 he served as adj.-gen. of N.Y. militia; in the as sault upon Queenstown Heights, Oct. 13, 1812, being thenlieut.-col. of N.Y. Vols.. he performed a conspicuous and gallant part, and received fourwounds. M.C. 1819-22; postmaster at Al bany 1822-39. In 1836 he pub. a "Narrative of the Affair at Queenstown." Van Bensselaer, STEPHEN, LL.D. (Y. C. 1825), " the patroon," b. New York, Nov. 1,1764; d. Albany, Jan. 26, 1839. II. U. 1782. He was the 5th in lineal descent from Kiliaen Van R., the original patroon, or proprietor, of a tract of land which in 1637 was 24 miles in breadth by 48 in length, extending over the greater part of Albany, Renss., and Col. Coun ties. His mother was Catharine, dau. of Phil ip Livingston. In 1783 he m. a dau. of Gen. Philip Schuyler. Member of the Assembly in 1789, of the State senate in 1790-5 ; lieut.-gov. 1795-1801; member of the Const. Coriv. of 1801, and most of the time its presiding officer ; in 1810-11 one of the commiss. for exploring the route and considering the feasibility of a western canal; from 1816 till his death was one of the canal commiss., and for 15 years pres. of the board. In 1801 he com. the State cavalry, with the rank of gen. ; was in com. of the N.Y. militia on the breaking-out of the war of 1812, and assaulted and took Queenstown, Canada, but was eventually defeated. He was again a member of the legisl. in 1816; in 1819 was elected a regent of the State U., and sub sequently its chancellor; in 1820 pres. of the State agric. board; in 1821 a member of the Const. Conv.; and M.C. in 1823-9, where his vote caused the election of J. Q. Adams. Un der his direction, and at his expense, Prof. Eaton made his geol. surveys of N.Y. in 1821- 3. In Nov. 1824 he established at Troy a sci entific school for the instruction of teachers, incorporated in 1826 as the Rensselaer Institute. Fully one-half of its current expenses were borne by him, and he continued to aid it till his death. Author of "A Geol. and Agric. Sur vey of the Dist. adjoining the Erie Canal," 8vo, 1824. See a Discourse of the Life, Services, and Character of Van Rensselaer, by D. D. Barnard. Van Santvoord, GEORGE, lawyer and author, b. Belleville, N. J., Dec. 8, 1819 ; killed at E. Albany, by being run over by a train of cars, March 6, 1863. Un. Coll/ 1841. His father, Rev. Staats, was pastor of the Dutch Ref. Church at Belleville. He studied law at Kinderhook, removed to Indiana, but returned to K., and practised law from 1846 to 1852, when he went to Troy, N.Y. In 1852 and 56 he was elected to the State Assembly, and in 1859 became dist.-atty. of Rensselaer Co. He pub. " Life of Algernon Sidney," 1851 ; " Lives of the Chief Justices of the U.S.," 8vo, 1854; "Principles of Pleading in Civil Ac tions under the N.Y. Code," 8vo, 1852 and 1855 ; " Precedents of Pleading," 1858 ; " Prac tice in the Supreme Court of N.Y., in Equity Actions," 1860-2 ; and " The Indiana Jus tice," 1845. He also wrote for the Democ. Re view lives of leading French revolutionists, including Robespierre, Dantou, and Gamut. 938 Van Schaack, FLIER, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1820), jurist and loyalist, b. Kinderhook, N.Y., March, 1747; d. there Sept. 27, 1832. Col. Coll. 1768. He studied law ; was adm. to practice in 1 769 ; and in 1 773 was app. to revise the statutes of N. Y. Being conscientiously opposed to engaging in civil war, he left this country at the close of 1778, arriving in Lon don Jan. 14, 1779; in 1785 he returned, and resumed his profession, devoting much of his time to giving instruction in the science of the law. In 1788 he pub. "Conductor Generalis, or the Duty and Authority of Justices, Sheriffs, Coroners, Constables, Jailers, Jurymen, and Overseers of the Poor," which he revised, and adapted to the U. S. ; " Laws of the Colony of N. Y. 1691-1773," 2 vols. fol. 1773. His Diary, Journal, and Letters, edited by Henry C. Van Schaack, were pub. in 1842. Van Schaick, GEN. GOZEN, b. Albany, 1737 ; d. July 4, 1789. His father was mayor of Albany in 1756-61. At the age of 19 he was app. lieut. in the exped. against Crown Point, in which the French and Indians were defeated at Sabbath-day Point ; capt. May 31, 1758. He took part in the expeds. against Forts Frontenac and Niagara ; major in Col. Johnson s N.Y. Regt. Mar. 7, 1759 ; and Mar. 20, 1762, lieut.-col. in the 1st N.Y. Regt. At the battle of Tieonderoga he received a severe blow on the cheek from the butt of a French musket, which led to a cancerous disease, of which he finally died. On the breaking-out of the Revol. he was made col. 2d N.Y. Regt. ; Nov. 22, 1776, he was app. to the first N.Y. battalion ; and a few weeks later he was sent on an exped. to Cherry Valley to protect the in habitants against the incursions of Brandt, and was active and efficient during this and the subsequent campaign. At the battle of Mon- mouth he acted as brig.-gen. to Lord Stirling; in Apr. 1779 he was app. by Washington to head a select detachment, with which he de stroyed the Onondaga settlements. Congress for this service gave him a vote of thanks. App. brig.-gen. by brevet Oct. 10, 1783. He was a rigid disciplinarian, his regt. being one of the best in the service ; and his patriotism was freely shown in sacrificing his private for tune to the public good. Holgate. Van Wart, ISAAC, one of the captors of Andre , b. Greensburg, N.Y., 1746; d. Mount Pleasant, N.Y., May 23, 1828. Vargas, JOSE, M.D., an eminent physician, and pres. of Venezuela, b. Venezuela 1786; d. New York, July 14, 1854. Educated at the U. of Caraccas and at Edinburgh. He visited England, France, and Spain ; practised his profession several years in the Island of Porto Rico with success, and became the most emi nent surgeon in the W. Indies. Returning to Caraccas in his native country, he successfully exerted his influence with Bolivar to obtain for the university there a code of laws, and an en dowment for its maintenance. He became prof, of anatomy, of surgery, and also of chem istry ; pub. his Lectures, which became text books for the institution, of which he was subsequently made pres. or rector, and with which he was connected for upwards of 25 years. He possessed the most valuable collec tion of minerals and plants in Venezuela, the most extensive chemical laboratory, and the largest private library. Member of scientific institutions in both hemispheres. A leading member of the first congress of the republic, and was elected pres. in 1834 ; afterward sena tor, and councillor of state. Varick, COL. RICHARD, Revol. soldier, b Hackensack, N. J., March 25, 1753; d. Jersey City, July 30, 1831. On the breaking-out of the Revol. war, he was a practising lawyer in N.Y. City. He entered the service as capt. in McDotigall s regt. ; was military sec. to Gen. Schuyler, who then com. the northern army ; and was subsequently app. dep. muster-master-gen., with the rank of lieut.-col. He remained with that army until after the capture of Burgoyne, in Oct. 1777, when he acted as insp.-gen. at West Point until after the discovery of Ar nold s meditated treason. He then became a member of Washington s military family, and acted as rec. sec. until near the close of the war. After the evacuation of the city by the British (Nov. 25, 1783), Col. Varick was app. recorder of the city of New York, which office he held till 1789, when he took the office of atty.-gen. of the State, and subsequently that of mayor, which he held until 1801; in 1786 he was app., with Samuel Jones, reviser of the State laws. The result of their labors was the volume which bears their name, issued in 1789. In 1787 he was speaker of the House of As sembly. One of the founders of the American Bible Society, and, on the resignation of John Jay, was elected pres. In person he was tall (over six feet in height), and of imposing pres ence. Varnum, JAMES MITCHELL, brig.-gen. Revol. arm} r , and an eminent lawyer, b. Dra- cut, Ms., 1749; d. Marietta, O., Jan. 10, 1789. R.I. Coll. 1769. Adm. to the bar, he settled at East Greenwich, where he rapidly acquired a lucrative practice. In 1774 he was made com. of the Kentish Guards, a company which gave to the Revol. army Gen. Greene, Col. Crary, Major Whitmarsh, and some 30 other commissioned officers; app. col. 1st R.I. Regt. in Jan. 1775, he was soon after put on the cont. establishment; made a brig.-gen. Feb. 21, 1777; and Nov. 1 was detached to Red Bank, where he com. all the American troops on the Jersey side of the Del. when the British took Phi la. It was under his direction that Major Thayer made his gallant defence of Fort Mif- flin, for which Congress presented a sword to Col. Samuel Smith, who had relinquished the com. the dav before the attack. In the follow ing winter he was at Valley Forge ; and his Letters, quoted by Mr. Sparks, present vivid pictures of the sufferings of the army during that memorable period. He took part in the battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778. In July, 1778, he joined Sullivan in his exped. to R.I., serving under the immediate orders of Lafay ette; but, resigning his commission in 1779, was soon after elected maj.-gen. of miliria, which office he held till his death. In 1780-2 and 1786-7 he was an active, eloquent, and in fluential member of the Old Congress. App. a judge of the Supreme Court in the North-west Territory, he removed to Marietta in June, 939 1 788, and held that office till he died. Updike s R. I. Bar. Varnum, GEN. JOSEPH BRADLEY, soldier and statesman, bro. of the preceding, b. Dra- cut, Ms., 1750; d. there Sept. 11, 1821. He sustained important offices in the Revol. army; after which he was rep., senator, and council lor of Ms. ; M.C. in 1795-181 1 ; speaker of the 10th and llth Congresses; and U.S. senator 1811-17. He was a member of the conv. which ratified the U.S. Constitution in 1787; a lead ing member of other State conventions ; and at the time of his death was senior member of the senate, and the oldest maj.-gen. in the State. He was an earnest advocate of the Federal Constitution, and a zealous supporter of Jefferson. Vassar, MATHEW, founder of the Vassar Coll., b. Norfolk Co., Eng., Apr. 29, 1792; d. Poughkeepsie, June 23, 1868. His father came to the U.S. in 1796, settled in 1797 on a farm near Poughkeepsie, and carried on a brewery from 1801 to 1812. His son followed this business, and accumulated a large fortune. In Feb. 1861 he delivered to trustees incorporated for the purpose $408,000 for the founding of a female college. After his death, it was found that the bequests he had made for its endow ment, repair, and furnishing, increased the aggregate to over 8800,000. He did not pro pose to make it a charity-school, but to offer the highest educational facilities to females at a moderate expense, and to admit as beneficiaries those who were unable to meet even this ex pense. Its site is about one mile from Pough keepsie, and contains about 200 acres. Vaudreuil (vo -drul ), PHILIPPE DE Ri- GATJD, Marquis de, gov. of Canada from 1703 to his d., Quebec, Oct. 10, 1725. Son of the Marquis de V., who was killed at Luzara in 1702. He entered young into the career of arms ; was distinguished at the siege of Valen ciennes ; was named in 1689 gov. of Montreal ; served under Frontenac in the great exped. against the Iroquois; in 1690 was engaged in the defence of Quebec against the attack of Admiral Phips ; three years afterward he sur prised and defeated La Chaudiere Noir, the most terrible and cunning of the Iroquois. He gave up the military for the naval service, and in 1702, before inheriting his father s title, obtained a seigniory. De Vaudreuil gave the English Colonies incredible trouble by the long war he maintained against them by exciting the savages to perpetual inroads on their fron tiers. After the accession of Louis XV., he effected numerous reforms in the Colony, the most important of which were the improve ment of education and civilization. His son PIERRE FRANQOIS, Marquis de Vaudreuil- Cavagnal, the last French gov. of Canada, and the best, b. Quebec, 1698, d. France, 1764. Entering the army, he became major in the marine corps. In 1733 he became gov. of Three Rivers, and in 1743 of La. He succeed ed to his father s title in 1748, and in 1755 was made gov. of New France. The jealousy, or rather contempt, with which Montcalm regard ed him, tended to hasten the downfall of the French empire in America. After the sur render of Montreal, he returned to France, and was imprisoned in the Bastille on charges pre ferred by the friends of Montcalm ; but a trial at le chatelet de Paris exonerated him from blame, and he was released, but stripped of nearly all his possessions. Another son, PIERRE FRANQOIS RIGAUD, chev. de, b. Mon treal, 8 Feb. 1704, was a brave soldier; cap tured Fort Massachusetts ; defeated Col. Parker at Lake St. Sacrament ; and performed other important services. He was living at St. Ger- maine en laye in 1770. Morgan. Vaughan, BENJAMIN, LL.D. (H.U. 1807), a man of learning and benevolence, b. in the Island of Jamaica, Apr. 19, 1751 ; d. Hallo- well, Me., Dec. 8, 1835. Samuel his father, who was a wealthy planter, removed to Lon don; placed his son at the Univ. of Cam bridge. After studying law at the Tem ple, and medicine at the U. of Edinburgh, to which he devoted much of his attention during his subsequent life, he collected a valuable med ical library, and, although he did not practice as a physician, exemplified his.. benevolent char acter by visiting his poor neighbors, and ad ministering to their necessities gratuitously. Elected a member of parliament in 1792, ho for several years zealously supported the Whigs. In 1796 he emig. to Hallowell, Me., where he superintended a large farm, and employed him self in the performance of acts of benevolence. A part of his fine library he gave to Bowdoin College. Author of " The Rural Socrates," 8vo, 1800 ; and transl. of " Travels of a Philos.," from the French of Poivre, 1797. Vaughan, CHARLES, bro. of Benj., b. Eng., 30 June, 1759; d. Hallowell, May 15, 1839. Came to the U.S. ab. 1785. An active merchant, a man of great energy and enter prise ; disting. for his knowledge and useful ness, and particularly for his enterprise and successful exertions for improving the agricul ture of Maine. Vaughan, SIR JOHN, K.B., a disting. British gen., b. 1738 ; d. Martinique, June 30, 1795. Second son of the Earl of Lisburne. Was app. in 1746 a cornet 10th Dragoons; served in the war in Germany and in the W. Indies, particularly at the taking of Martinico, where, as lieut.-col., he greatly disting. himself; app. May 11, 1775, col. of the 46th Regt., which being ordered to America, he served as brig, and maj. gen. on the staff; and app. Jan. 28, 1777, a maj.-gen. on the British establish ment. He led the grenadiers to the attack of Brooklyn on Long Island ; at the landing on New York he was wounded in the thigh ; he com. at the storming of Fort Montgomery; and, for his intrepidity, Sir Henry Clinton, in his orders, gave it the name of Fort Vaughan. With Sir James Wallace, he sailed up the Hud son in Oct. 1777 on a marauding exped., and destroyed Kingston, or Esopus; in May, 1779, he captured Stony Point and Verplancks on the Hudson; after the campaign of 1779, he re turned to Eng,, and was in Dec. app. com.-in- chief in the Leeward Islands ; Feb. 3, 1781, in conjunction with Rodney, he took St. Eusta- tius. In 1779 he was app. gov. of Fort Wil liam ; was a lieut.-gen. and gov. of Berwick, and a representative for Berwick in parliament from 1774 till his death. V-A.TJ 940 Vaughan, LIEUT. -COLONEL WILLIAM, b. Portsmouth, NIL, Sept. 12, 1703; d. Lond. Dec. 11, 1746. H.U. 1722. His father George, lieut.-gov. of N.H. 1715-17, b. Apr. 13, 1676, d. Nov. 20, 1724. H.U. 1696. The son was largely concerned in fisheries, and had settled at "Damariscotta. Conceiving the idea of the capture of Louisburg, he went to Boston to suggest an exped. against that place, and took part in its capture under Pepperell. At the head of a detachment, chiefly of N.H. troops, he marched in the night to the north-east part of the harbor, where they burned the ware houses, and staved a large quantity of wine and brandy. The French w r ere forced by the smoke to desert the grand battery, of which Vaughan next morning took possession, and bravely de fended ; and the city soon after fell. Overlooked in the distribution of ministerial rewards, he went to Eng. to assert his claims, and d. there. Vaughan, SIR WILLIAM, LL.D. (Oxford, 1605), poet and physician, b. Wales, 1577 ; d. ab. 1640. Ab. 1625 he took up his residence on land he had purchased in Newfoundland ; established a plantation, which he called Cam- briol; and, to invite settlers from England, sent home and pub. in 1626 his "Golden Fleece," a quaint tract in prose and verse. In 1640 he pub. "The Church Militant" in verse. "The Newlander s Cure," 1630, gives some account of his settlement at N., and other ex periences. Vaux, RICHARD, son of Roberts, b. Phila. 1817. Recorder of that city 1842-7; mayor 1856-8. He has pub. remarks on the Writ of Habeas Corpus, 1843; Reports of Cases while Recorder; 28 Annual Reports of the Insp. of the Penitentiary ; 3 Reports of Direct ors of Girard Coll. ; " Plist. of the First Hose Co. of Phila. ; " "Biog. Notice of J. P. Weth- erill," 1853; essays on penal science; be sides addresses, lectures on social science, criti cal and humorous essays, &c. See Democ. Review, xxi. 167. Vaux, ROBERTS, philanthropist of Phila., b. Jan. 21, 1786; d. Jan. 7, 1836. His father, an eminent merchant, d. in 1790. Roberts was educated at Friends Acad., being a member of that denomination, and early relinquished mer cantile business to devote himself to active philanthropic labors. The subjects of educa tion, amelioration of the penal code, prison dis cipline, enlightened charities, and scientific investigations, constantly occupied his mind. 14 years pres. of the board of controllers of the public schools of Phila. To him the peniten tiary system of Pa., or the " separate system " of punishment for crime, owes much of its suc cess. Many of the public institutions of Phila. are indebted to his exertions cither as origina tor or advocate. His Memoirs of Lay, Bene- zet, and Sandiford, evince the terseness and purity of his style as an author. A short time previous to his death, he accepted the office of judge of the County Courts of Phila. See Allibonc for list of publications. Veazey, THOMAS W., gov. Md. 1836-8; member of the house of delegates and of the exec, council ; d. Cecil Co., Md., 30 June, 1842, &. 68, Vedder, ELIHU, artist, b. N.Y. City, Feb. 1836. After studying with Matteson, he vis ited Europe, then opened a studio in N. York, and has for some years resided in Italy. He is the most individual and independent of our Velasquez (va-las -ke th), DIEGO, a Span ish gen., who accomp. Columbus in his second voyage ; d. 1 523. He engaged in the conquest of St. Domingo, and founded in 1511 the city of Havana in Cuba. He sent out the exped. which discovered Yucatan and Mexico, and despatched Cortez to subdue the latter coun try. Ab. 1520 he sent a small army to Mexico, under Narvaez, against Cortez, who defeated him, and took him prisoner. Venable, ABRAHAM B., U. S. senator 1803-4 ; perished in the conflagration of the theatre at Richmond, Va., Dec. 26, 1811, with Gov. Smith and about 70 others, principally females. N. J. Coll. 1780. M.C. from Va. in 1791-9. Ver Bryck, CORNELIUS, artist, b. Yaugh Paugh, N. J., Jan. 1, 1813; d. there May 31, 1 844. In 1 835 he studied under Morse ; visited Mobile in 1837, and Europe in 1839 ; and was afterward occupied with landscape and histori cal pictures in New York. He visited Europe again in 1843 to restore his health, but returned only to die. Among his pictures are the "Head of a Cavalier," " Charles the First in Van dyke s Studio," and the study for " Stephen before the Council." Tuckerman. Verendrye, PIERRE GAUTHIER DE VA- RENNES, a Canadian fur-trader, discoverer of the Rocky Mountains in 1731, b. France; d. Quebec, Dec. 6, 1749, just as he was about, by the king s desire, to resume his journey to the Pacific. The expense of this achievement (though it had been projected by M. de Beau- harnais) was borne entirely by Verendrye, upon whom the king conferred the cross of St. Louis. He related to Kalm, the Swedish traveller, that he had discovered, 900 miles beyond Montreal, some massive pillars, each formed of a single block of stone, one of which was surmounted by a small block only a foot high and a few inches across, bearing on two sides graven char acters of an unknown language, said by the Jesuits to resemble the Tartaric. This was sent to Paris. Morgan. Vergennes (veY-zheV), CHARLES GRA- VIER, Count dc, a French statesman, b. Di jon, Dec. 28, 1717; d. at Versailles, Feb. 13, 1787. Son of a pres. of the parliament of Di jon. In 1740 he accomp. M. de Chavigny, a relative, to Lisbon in a diplomatic capacity ; and in 1750 was himself app. minister at the court of the elector of Treves. In 1755-68 he was ambassador to Turkey. He was in 1771 sent to Sweden, and had no small share in the revol. which took place there under Gustavus III. When Louis XVI. came to the crown, he recalled Vergennes, and made him minister of foreign affairs in July, 1774. Among the prin cipal acts of his ministry were the treaty of Soleure with the Swiss in 1777, that with the United States in 1778, the treaty of Teschen with the emperor Joseph II. in 1779, the treaty which concluded the Amer. war in 1783, an?. 941 "VJSS the treaty of commerce negotiated with Eng. in 1785-6. A " Plist. and Political Memoir on Louisiana/ 8vo, 1802, has been attributed to him. "Vernon, EDWARD, an English admiral, b. 12 Nov. 1684; d. 29 Oct. 1757. He went to sea in 1702 ; captured Porto Bello, with all its fortifications, in 1 739 ; made an unsuccessful attack on Carthagena in 1741, and on Panama in 1742 ; and was made an admiral in 1745. He was many years an opposition member of parliament. Author of a "New History of Jamaica," 1740; "Expedition to Panama," 1 744, &c. Vernon, JANE MARCHANT FISHER, ac tress, sister of Clara Fisher, b. Brighton, Eng., 1796 ; d. New York, June 4, 1869. Made her dtfbut at Drury Lane in 1817 in " Lilliput ; " at the Bowery, N.Y., Sept. 11, 1827, as Cicely Homespun, in " Heir at Law ; " was afterward attached to the Chatham; was at the Park from 1830 to 1847; and was long connected with Wullack s company, making her last ap pearance as Mrs. SutclifFe, in " School/ April 5, 1869. Oct. 6, 1827, she m. George Vernon, comedian, who d. June 13, 1830. Mrs. Vernon was an excellent performer of old women, was long a great favorite in New York, and was a woman of cultivated mind. Verplanck, GULIAN CROMMELIN,LL.D., author, b. N.Y. City, Aug-. 6, 1786; d. there Mar. 18, 1870. Col. Coll. 1801. After being adm. to the bar, he passed several years in Great Britain and on the Continent. On his return home, he became interested in politics, and in 1804 was a candidate of the " Malcontents " in New York for the Assembly. In 1818 he de livered the first of a series of addresses, on which his literary reputation is mainly founded, at the anniversary of the N.Y. Hist. Society, on "The Early European Friends of America." It passed through several editions. One of the most celebrated of his discourses, " The Amer. Scholar," was delivered at Union Coll. in 1836 ; in 1819 he wrote "The State Triumvirate, a Political Tale," a satire on the political parties of the day, and other works of a similar de scription. In 1820 he was a prominent mem ber of the N.Y. legisl., and chairman of the com. on education. He soon after became prof, of the evidences of Christianity in the Theol. Sem. of the Pr.-Epis. Church in N.Y., and in 1824 pub. "Essays on the Nature and Uses of the Various Evidences of Revealed Religion ; " in 1 825 appeared his " Essay on the Doctrine of Contracts." Beside these works, he contrib. much to various magazines, and, in conjunction with Bryant and Sands, he pub. " The Talis man," a sort of annual, 3 vols. of which ap peared. M.C. 1825-33, warmly advocating the extension of the term of copyright from 28 to 4-2 years ; and afterwards for several years was a member of the State senate. The N.Y. sen ate at that time composed, with the judges of the higher courts, the Court for the Correc tion of Errors, or the Court of Appeals. Mr. Verplanck took an active part in these judicial duties ; and many of his opinions on important questions are preserved in the last 7 vols. of Wendell s N.Y. Reports. From 1846 he was pres. of the N.Y. board of emigrant commiss., and prepared nearly all its annual reports. He was also one of the govs. of the N.Y.Hospital, and was vice-chancellor of the State U. la 1833 he pub. a coll. of his discourses and ad dresses on various subjects, and in 1844-6 a handsome edition of Shakspcare. He wrote the Memoir prefixed to the writings of his friend Sands. His ancestral homestead at Fish- kill Landing, on the Hudson, is a well-preserved old mansion, in which the Society of the Cin cinnati was founded. Verazzani, or Verrazano (ver-rat-sah - no), JEAN, navigator, known as Jean Floren tine, a corsair, b. Florence, 1480 ; d. after 1526. He was of a noble family, and was employed by Francis I. to make new discoveries in N. Amer. Jan. 17, 1524, he sailed by way of Madeira with the frigate "Dauphin," which he com., and, after experiencing a terrible tempest, land ed on the coasts of N. America, which he traversed from the 34th degree of latitude as far as Newfoundland. His discoveries were quite important, since he visited more than 700 leagues of coast ; and his letter to the king con tains a curious description of the savages which he found there. This letter, dated 8 July, 1524, coatains the earliest original account ex tant of the Atlantic coast of the U.S. From a voyage made in the following year he never returned. In the Strozzi Library at Florence is preserved a cosmographic description of the coasts and all the countries which Verazzani had visited ; and it shows that he had sought a northern passage to the E. Indies. The rela tion of his voyage is found in the coll. of Ra- musio, and in "L Histoire Ge ne rale des Voya ges" See an Inquiry into the Authenticity of Verrazano s Disc, by Backingh. Smith, 1864. Very, JONES, author, b. Salem, Ms., Aug. 28, 1813. H.U. 1836. In his youth he made several voyages to Europe with his father, a sea-captain, and was from 1836 to 1838 a tutor of Greek at Harvard. He pub. a vol. of "Essays and Poems," Boston, 1839. They contain a subtle essay on Shakspeare, and " The Painted Columbine," his best known poem. He was licensed as a preacher by the Cambridge Association in 1843. Though never ordained over a cong., he still occasion ally preaches. He has been a contrib. to the Christian Register, Monthly Relig. Mag., and Sa lem Gazette. Vespucci, AMERIGO (ves-poot -chce, a- ma-ree f -go), an Italian navigator, from whom the name of America is derived, b. Florence, Mar. 9, 1451 ; d. Seville, Feb. 22, 1512. He was of a noble family, and in his youth stud ied natural philos., astronomy, and geography. While commercial agent of the Medici family at Seville, Columbus was in that city, prepar ing for a second voyage ; and Vespucci was smitten with the desire for nautical adventure. His first voyage was with Ojeda in 1499. Pa- ria and several hundred miles of coast were visited; and the expcd. returned in June, 1500. In July he wrote to Lorenzo de Pier Francesco de Medici an account of the voyage, which lay hid in MS. until 1745, when it was pub. by Baudini. In May, 1501, he entered the ser vice of Emanuel, king of Portugal, and made a voyage to Brazil, an account of which, writ- "VET 942 VIE ten to the same dc Medici, was first piib. by Bartolozzi in 1789. In 1504 he sent to the same person a fuller narrative of this exped., pub. at Strasburg, 1505, entitled " Americus Vesputius de Orbe Antarctica per Regem Por- titgaltin Pridem Inventa." From this voyage he acquired the reputation of being the dis- coveror of the mainland. In May, 1503, he com. a caravel in a squadron that sailed for the discovery of Malacca, but parted company from the rest, and off the coast of Brazil dis covered the Bay of All Saints, ran 260 leagues farther S., where he landed, built a fort, took in a cargo of Brazil-wood, returning to Lisbon in June, 1504. Entering the Spanish service early in 1505, he was, March 22, 1508, made principal pilot. After his return from his Brazil exped. in 1504, he wrote a letter to Rene , Duke of Lorraine, containing an ac count of 4 voyages which he says he had made to the New World, and gives the date of his first voyage as May 20, 1497-Oct. 1498. This statement has occasioned much contro versy as to the first discovery of the mainland of America, and as to the true character of Vespucci, against whom it has been charged, that, after the return from his first voyage to Brazil, he made a maritime chart, in which he gave his name to that part of the mainland. The name " Americi Terra " was applied to this continent as early as 1507 by Waldsee Miiller, a geographer of Freiburg, in a small work entitled " Cosmographies Introductio in- super Quatuor America? Vespucci Navigationes." Vespucci was on friendly terms with Co lumbus, and does not appear to have had any intention of taking the honor of the discovery from Columbus ; and it was not until the ap pearance, in 1533, of the " Opusculum Geograpn- icum " of Schoner, and of the attack of Ser- vetus, in the Lyons edition of Ptolemy s Geog raphy, in 1535, that charges were brought against him. See Vespucius and his Voyages by Santarem, Boston, 1850; and Life and Voy ages of Americus Vespucius by C. E. Lester, N.Y., 8vo, 1846. Vetch, COL. SAMUEL, gov. of Annapolis, N.S., 1711, b. Edinburgh; d. Lond. 30 Apr. 1732. Son of a minister. A councillor in the Scotch settlement at Daricn in 1 698 ; re moved to N. Y. ; traded with the Indians ; was in 1 705 a commissioner from Gov. Dudley of Ms. to Quebec with proposals for a treaty be tween Canada and N.E. ; and was afterward imprisoned in Boston for trading with the French and Indians, enemies to the govt., and fined 200. He visited Eng. in 1708; proposed the seizure of Canada ; was bearer of the queen s instructions for the exped., which he laid before the gov. and council 17 May, 1709 ; but it aborted, and Vetch retired to K.I. In 1710 he was adj.-gen. in the exped. against Port Royal ; was its gov. after its capture, and change of name ; and shortly after went to Eng. See Journal of Voyage of Sloop " Mary," 1701, with Introd. and N otes by E. B. O Calla- qhan. 1866. Vethake, HENRY, LL.D. (1836), author, b. Essequibo, Guiana, S. America, 1792 ; d. Phila. Dec. 16, 1866. Col. Coll. 1808. Instr. in math, and geog. Col. Coll. 1813; prof. math, and nat. philos. Rutg. Coll. 1813-17 ; N. J. Coll. 1817-21 ; Dick. Coll. 1821-9 ; N.Y. City U. 1832-5 ; pres. of Wash. Coll., Va., 1835-6 ; prof. math. U. of Pa. 1836-54 ; prov. and prof, moral and int. philos. U. of Pa. 1854- 9 ; prof, of the higher math, in the Phila. Poly technic Coll. 1859. In 1838 he pub. a valuable work on Political Economy, and edited the supplementary volume of the " Encyclopaedia Amei icana." He also pub. addresses on edu cation, &c., and contrib. to periodicals. Victor, METTA VICTORIA (FULLER), sis ter of Mrs, Barritt, b. Erie, Pa., 2 Mar. 1831. Married O. J. Victor in July, 1856. At 14 shv; wrote tales and poems, and at 1 6 was known as the " singing sibyl " of the Home Journal. Author of " Last Days of Tul," 1847 ; "Poems," 8vo, 1851; "Fresh Leaves from Western Woods/ 1852; "Fashionable Dissi pation," 1854; "The Two Mormon Wives," 1857; "The < Arctic Queen, a Poem," 1858; "Mrs. Slimmins s Window, and Other Papers," 1 860. Assist, ed. U. S. Journal, 1 857-60 ; Home Monthly, 1859-61 ; contrib. to Godey, Harper s Mag., Cosmopolitan Art Journal, &c. See Poets and Poetry of the West. Victor, ORVILLE JAMES, author, b. San- dusky, 0., 1827. Has pub. "History of the Southern Rebellion," 3 vols. 8vo, * 1862-8; " Incidents and Anecdotes of the War," Svo, 1863; "Hist, of Amer. Conspiracies, &c., 1760-1860," Svo, 1864; editor of Beadle s Dime Publications ; editor Sandusky Register, 1852-6; Cosmopolitan Art Journal, 1857-61 ; contrib. to various periodicals. Allibone. Vidal, FRANCISCO ANTONIO, pres. of the Republic of Uruguay 1866-8; b. Montevideo, 1827. Educated at Paris; obtained the de gree of doctor of medicine ; minister of the interior of Uruguay 1 865-6. Vidaurri, GEN. SANTIAGO, a Mexican soldier and politician, b. New Leon, ab. 1803 ; shot in the city of Mexico, Aug. 8, 1867. While Alvarez was contending against Santa Ana in the south-west, Vidaurri took the field in the north. He was a candidate for the pres idency in the junta of Cuernavaca, Oct. 4, 1 855 ; but that body preferred Alvarez. Vi daurri now took up a semi-independent posi tion ; decreed the confiscation of church prop erty in the north-eastern states, and disbanded the armed force. He refused to recognize Co- monfort as the successor of Pres. Alvarez (Dec. 8, 1855); and in Feb. 1856 decreed the union of Coahuila and New Leon, proclaiming him self their gov. and commanding gen. By a treaty made Nov. 18, 1856, Vidaurri acknowledged the govt. of Comonfort, and remained in con trol of the two combined states, which au thority he exercised until 1864. In the sum mer of 1861 he entered into friendly relations with the secessionists of Texas, and on the in vasion of Mexico by the allied French, Span ish, and English forces, in 1861-2, lie declared his adhesion to the national cause. After having been long identified with the liberals, he was induced to support the Emperor Maxi milian, and was executed as a traitor on the overthrow of the latter. Viele, GEN. EGBERT L., b. Waterford N.Y., June 17, 1825. West Point, 1847. Brev VIG- 943 2d lient. 2d Inf., he served ^ through the Mexi can war ; was made 1 st lieut. Oct. 1 850 ; re signed in 1853; was app. state eng. of N. J., and entered on its geodetic survey. In 1857-8 he was eng.-in-chief of the Central Park, N.Y. ; and in 1 860 of Prospect Park, Brooklyn. Aug. 17, 1861, he was made brig.-gen. of vols. ; ac- comp. the exped. to Port Royal ; com. the in vesting forces at the siege of Fort Pulaski in the spring of 1862 ; and led the advance at the occupation of Norfolk, of which place he was military gov. from Aug. 1862 to his resigna tion 20 Oct. 1863. Since 1863, civil eng. in N.Y. City. Author of a " Hand-Book for Ac tive Service," 1861 ; reports on Central and Prospect Parks, and the topog. survey of N. J. ; " Topog. and Hydrog. of N.Y.," 8vo, 1 860 ; also of a number of papers on geographi cal and scientific subjects. Cull um. Viger, JAMES, a disting. Canadian archae ologist, b. Montreal, May 7, 1787; d. there Dec. 12, 1858. He served as an officer of mili tia in the war of 1812, and took part in the en- fagementat Sackett s Harbor. First mayor of lontreal, and held other important trusts. He wrote much upon the early history of Cana da: among his publications are a correction .of the "Liste du Clery du Canada;" "Le Petit Registre," the basis of a history of Montreal and its first settlers ; History of the Parishes of the Diocese of Montreal ; " Le Chiend Or, on la Tradition en Defaut;"& History of the Lemoyne de Longueuil family. He also fur nished all the documents of the " Servantes de Dieu en Canada," by Henry de Couray, Esq., and an Album which formed the plan of the work. This obtained for him from the pope the honor of Knight Commander of the Order of St. Gregory. Hist. Mar/., iii. 129. Villere, JAQUEZ, gov. of La. 1816-20; maj.-gen. of vols. under Gen. Jackson (1814- 1 5) in battle of N. Orleans. His son GEN. GA BRIEL (d. N. Orleans 6 July, 1852, a. 67) ren dered important service to Jackson before the battle of 23 Dec. 1814. Vincennes, BISSOT M. DE, founder of Vincennes, Indiana, b. Canada; d. 1736. Nephew of Jolliet the explorer. Entered the army as ensign, and was early employed in the "West, especially among the Miamis, who were greatly attached to him. He was at Michili- macinac in 1698. In 1704 he was sent to the Miami country, where he came in collision with Cadillac, the com. at Detroit, but rendered es sential services in a difficulty with the Indians of that place, and his fault was overlooked. He remained in the Miami country on the Ohio and Mpi. until 1736, when he joined the exped. against the Chickasaws under D Arta- guette, in which he lost his life. Vincennes probably resided on the spot which bears his name, and whence he led the Miamis, who de serted him ; but no French post or settlement existed there at the time. Hist. Mag., iv. 355. Vincent, PHILIP, an English minister, visited New Eng. in 1637-8, and published the " True Relation of the Battle between the English and the Pequots," 1638. It is in " Ms. Hist. Colls.," 3d series, vol. 6. Vincent, GEN. STRONG, b. Erie Co., Pa., June 17, 1837; d. July 7, 1863, of wounds re ceived at Gettysburg July 2. H.U. 1859. He was practising law at Erie when the Rebellion broke out. Enlisted as a private in the Wayne guards; made lieut.-col. 83d Pa. Vols. Sept. 1861; col. June 29, 1862; brig.-gen. July 2, 1863. He com. a brigade at the battles of Fredericksburg, Aldie, and at Gettysburg, with high distinction. Harv. Mem. Biogs. Vining, JOHN, b. Dover, Del., 23 Dec. 1758; d. there P eb. 1802. Deleg. to the Cont. Congress in 1784-6 ; M.C. from Del. 1789-92 ; U.S. senator 1795-8. Vinton, ALEXANDER HAMILTON, D.D. (U. of N.Y. 1843), clergyman, b. Providence, R.I., May 2, 1807. A.M. of Br. U. 1836. He received the degree of M.D. at Y.C. in 1828. After practising medicine 3 years, he entered the sem. of the Epis. church, and was ord. in New York in July, 1835. He took charge of St. Paul s Church, Portland, from Nov. 1835 to Apr. 1836; was then for 6 years rector of Grace Church, Providence, R.I. ; from 1842 to 1858 of St. Paul s Church, Boston ; then ac cepted a call from the Church of the Holy Trinity, Phila. ; in May, 1861, succeeded Dr. Anthon in St. Mark s Church, New York; and in 1870 became rector of Emanuel Ch., Bos ton. He pub. a vol. of sermons, 1855, and a number of occas. discourses and addresses. His bro. JOHN ROGERS, brev. maj. U.S.A. (b. Prov., R.I., 16 June, 1801, killed at the siege of Vera Cruz, 22 March, 1847; West Point, 1817), served with distinction in Fla. and Mex ico. Vinton, FRANCIS, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1858), clergyman, b. Providence, R.I., Aug. 29, 1809. West Point, 1830. 2d lieut. 3d Art. While stationed at Fort Independence, Boston har bor, he studied at the Camb. Law School, and also served for 2 or 3 years as a civil engr. on several N.E. railroads ; admitted to the bar of Portsmouth, N.H., in 1834; left the army 31 Aug. 1836 ; entered the Epis. sem. in N.Y. ; was ord. deacon in 1838, and priest in 1839 ; successively rector of St. Stephen s, Provi dence (1840), Trinity Church, Newport (1840), Emanuel Church, Brooklyn, N.Y. (1844), and Grace Church there (1847). He declined the bishopric of Indiana in 1848, and was a promi nent candidate for provis. bishop of N.Y. in 1847 and 51. He was elected an assist, min. of Trinity Church, N.Y., in 1855. Prof, of eccl. law and polity in the Epis. Theol. Sem., N.Y., 1869. Author of "Arthur Tremaine," 1830; sermons, pamphlets, &c., oration on the Annals ofR.L, 8vo, 1863. Lecturer on Dante, the Gen tleman, &c. ; d. Brooklyn, L.I., Sep. 29, 1872. Vinton, GEN. FRANCIS LAURENS, b. Fort Preble, Me., June 1, 1835. West Point, 1856. Son of Maj. J. R. Vinton. Educated under the care of his uncle Rev. Francis, and entered the 1st Cav., but resigned in Sept. to devote himself to metallurgy ; and in 1857 became a pupil of the Imperial School of Mines at Paris, where he grad. with distinction. Returning home from an examination of the mineral re sources of Central America, at the outbreak of the civil war he was app. capt. 16th U.S. Inf. ; was immediately offered the com. of a vol. regt. by the govs. of 3 States, and accepted that of VUST 944 the 43d N.Y., with which he fought in Han cock s brigade through the Peninsular cam paign ; brig.-gen. vols. 13 Mar. 1863. He was wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862, and resigned 5 May, 1863. Prof, of mining engineering, Col. Coll., N. York, since Sept. 1864. Cullum. Vinton, JOHN ADAMS, antiquarian, b. Boston, Feb. 5, 1801. D.C. 1828; Andover Thcol. Sem. 1831. He was active in the min istry, in Me., Vt., and Ms., in 1832-52. He has pub., besides discourses and contribs. to various journals, " Vinton Memorial," 1858; "Giles Memorial," 1864; "The Sampson Family in America," 1864; "Deborah Samp son," a reprint, 1866; and"Reminis. of Park-st. Church," in Boston Recorder, 1849. Duyddnck* Viomenil (ve -o -ma -neT), ANTOINE CHARLES Du Houx, Baron de, a French gen., b. 1728 at Fauconcourt, Lorraine; d. Paris, Nov. 9, 1792. He entered the army at the age of 15 as lieut. ; was wounded at the siege of Bergen-op-zoon 1747; disting. himself in com. of the light troops of Conde s army in the cam paigns of Hanover, and also in Corsica, where he earned the brev. of marechal-de-camp, and of com. of St. Louis. Jn 1770 he assisted the pan-y of the confederation in Poland against the Russian armies ; conducted while there some important operations, particularly the capture of the Castle of Cracow. In 1780 the Baron Viomenil came to America as second in com. under Rochambeau, and disting. himself at the capture of Yorktown. Made in 1783 lieut.-gen., and, on his return to France, gov. of La Kochelle, receiving in 1782 the grand cross of St. Louis. At the period of the French revol. he stood by the king to the last moment, and was so badly woun ded in defending him at the attack of the Tuileries, Aug. 10, 1792, that he died a few weeks later. His bro. CHARLES JO SEPH HYACINTHE Du Houx DE, Marshal of France, b. 1734, d. Paris, 5 Mar. 1827; aide to Chevert in the 7-years war ; served as a maj.-gen. in Rochambcau s army in Amer. ; was gov. of Martinique in 1789-90; served under Conde in 1792-7 ; was made a peer in 1814, a marshal 3 July, 1816, and a marquis in 1817. Viscaino (ves-ka-ee -no), SEBASTIAN, Spanish navigator. Commanded an exped. sent from Acapulco in 1602, and explored the coast of Xew California, of which he made an accurate chart. "Vogdos, ISRAEL, col. arid brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. ah. 1816. West Point, 1837. Assist, prof. math, there 1837-49; 1st lieut. 1st Art. J July, 1838, and served against the Seminoles in Fla. in 1849-50 and in 1856; capt. 20 Aug. 1847 ; maj. 14 May, 1861 ; brig.- gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; lieut.-col. 5th Art. 1 June, 1863 ; col. 1st Art. 1 Aug. 1863. He defended Fort Pickens, Feb.-Oct. 1861 ; was captured in rebel night-attack on Santa Rosa Island 9 Oct. 1861 ; com. at Folly Island, S.C., and took part in the attacks on Morris Island, and operations against Fort Sumter and Charleston, S.C. ; and com. defences of Nor folk and Portsm., Va., 1864-5 ; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 9 April, 1865. Outturn. Vogdes, WILLIAM, LL.D., prof, mathem. Phila. High School 1838-62, b. Phila. 1302; adm. to the Phila. bar 1832. Author of " U.S. Arithmetic," 1845; " Elem. Treatise on Men suration and Pract. Arith.," 1845. Allibone. Volney, CONSTANTINE FRANQOIS CHASSE- BEUF, Count de, a French writer, b. Craon, Feb. 3, 1757 ; d. Paris, April 25, 1820. After completing his education, he went to Egypt and Syria in 1783, of which countries he pub. a description, in 2 vols. 8vo, 1787. At the be ginning of the revol., he became a member of the States-Gen. In the reign of terror he was imprisoned, but in 1794 became a prof, in the new school of education. On the failure of this project, in 1795, Volney came to America, where he had a controversy with Priestley on the origin of Christianity, and returned in 1798. A republican by principle, he was always an ardent defender of the rights of the nation. Napoleon made him a senator ; and, after the restoration of the Bourbons, he was designated a member of the chamber of peers, Juue 4, 1814. His other works are " The Ruins, or Meditations on the Revolutions of Empires ; " "The Law of Nature, or Physical Principles of Morality; " "Account of Corsica;" "Lec tures on History; " " On the Climate and Soil of the U.S. of America," Phila. 8vo, 1804, &c. Voorhees, DANIEL W., Democ. politician, b. Fountain Co., Ind., Sept. 26, 1828. Ind. Asbury U. 1849. He began to practise law in 1851 ; was U.S. dist.-atty. for Ind. in 1858- 61 ; M.C. 1861-5 and 1869-71. Voorhees, PHILIP F., capt. U.S.N., b. N. J. ; d. Annapolis, Md., Feb. 26, 1862. Midshipm. Nov. 15, 1809; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814 ; com. Apr. 24, 1828; capt. Feb. 28, 1838. He was in the actions between the frigates " Unit ed States" and " Macedonian," Oct. 25, 1812; and the sloops " Peacock " and " Epervier," Apr. 29, 1S14, as lieut. of "The Peacock; "com. " The John Adams . in the Mediterranean in 1831-2. Vose, JOSEPH, col. 1st Ms. Regt. Revol. war, b. Milton, Ms., 1738; d. there May 22, 1816. He was col. of militia in Nov. 1774 ; May 27, 1775, he led an exped. which de stroyed the light-house and the hay on the islands in Boston harbor. Lieut.-col. of Grea- ton s regt. Nov. 4, 1775, and accompanied it to Canada in 1776; joined the main army in N. J. in the spring of 1777 ; and closed his Revol. services in Lafayette s corps, at York- town. His bro. ELIJAH, lieut.-col. of his regt. (1st), b. Milton, 24 Feb. 1744, d. 19 Mar. 1822, served through the war, in which 4 of the brothers were engaged. Vroom, PETER D., LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1850), statesman, b. N. J. Col. Coll. 1808. Member N. J. legisl. 1826-9; member N.J. Const. Conv. 1844 ; gov. of that State 1829-32 and 1833-6; M.C. 1839-41 ; and in 1853-7 was minister to Prussia. Died Trenton, N. J., Nov. 18, 1873, a. 82. Waddell, JAMES, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 1792), Presb. minister, b. Newry, Ireland, July, 1739; d. Louisa Co., Va., Sept. 17, 1805. He was brought to Amer. in infancy by his parents, who settled on White-clay Creek, Pa. He studied under Dr. Finley at Nottingham ; was an assist, to Pres. Smith of Hamp.-Sid. Coll.. W.AJD 945 and Pres. S. S. Smith of N. J. Coll. Meeting with the celebrated preacher Samuel Davies, he studied theology ; was licensed to preach in 1761 ; ord. 16 June, 1762; and settled pastor in Lancaster Co., Pa. In 1776 he removed to Augusta Co., Va., and in 1785 to Hopewell, where he d. a teacher. While there, he was deprived of sight, but continued to preach. Wirt, in "The British Spy," has given an in teresting picture of the blind preacher, whom he believed to be the equal of Patrick Henry, though in a different species of oratory. A dau. m. Rev. Archibald Alexander. Sprague. Waddell, MOSES, D.D. (Col. Coll., S.C., 1807), Pres. of Franklin Coll., Ga., 1819-29, b. Iivdeil Co., N.C., July 29, 1770; d. Athens, Ga., July 21, 1840. Hamp.-Sid. Coll. 1791. He was self-educated ; was licensed to preach by the Hanover presbytery 12 May, 1792; became a clisting. teacher, and, under his care, Franklin College (now the U. of Ga.) at tained a high position. Author of " Memoirs of Caroline E. Smelt," 12mo, 1819. Sprague. Wade, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, senator, a zealous opponent of slavery, b. Springfield, Ms., 27 Oct. 1800. His father was a soldier of the Revol., and a poor man. With a limited education, he in 1821 removed to Ohio, having been some months employed in digging the Erie Canal. He taught school ; studied law ; and was in 1828 adm. to the Ashtabula-Co. bar; made prosec. atty. of that county in 1835; State senator in 1837-9; in 1847 pres. judge of the 3d judicial dist. ; and in 1851-69 was U. S. senator. Prominent in that body as a leader of the antislavery Whigs, and then of the Republicans ; he advocated the Homestead Bill and the repeal of the Fugitive-slave Law; op posed the Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1854, the Lecompton Constitution for Kansas in 1858, the purchase of Cuba, and, in Dec. 1860, the making any new concessions to the slave- power. During the Rebellion, he labored inces santly for a more vigorous prosecution of the war; in 1861-2 was chairman of the joint com. on the conduct of the war, and was active in urging the passage of a confiscation bill. As chairman of the com. on Territories, he re ported a bill in 1862 abolishing slavery in all the Territories. On the question of the recon struction of the Southern States, after the war, he was decidedly radical. After the assassina tion of Pros. Lincoln in Apr. 1865, he became pres. pro turn, of the senate, and acting vice- pres. of the U.S. In Mar. 1867 he was cho sen pres. of the senate. One of the cornmiss. to visit San Domingo in Feb.-Mar. 1871, and re port upon its annexation to the United States; d. March 2, 1878. Wadsworth, ALEXANDER SCAMMELL, capt. U.S.N., b. Portland, Me. ; d. Washing ton, Apr. 5, 1851. Son of Gen. Peleg. Mid- shipm. April 2, 1804; lieut. April 21, 1810; com. April 27, 1816; capt. Mar. 3, 1825; 2d lieut. of " The Constitution " in the action with " The Guerriere," Aug. 19, 1812, and presented with a valuable sword by the citizens of Portland soon after. Wadsworth, BENJAMIN, clergyman, pres. of H.U., b. Milton, Ms., 1669 ; d. March 16, 1737. H.U. 1690. Son of Captain Samuel, who was killed by the Indians at Sudbury, April 18, 1676. Minister of the First Church, Boston, as colleague with Mr. Foxcroft, Sep. 8, 1696, until inducted at H.U. July 7, 1725; and pres. until his death. He devoted a tenth of his income to charities. He pub. " Five Sermons" (Boston, 18mo, 1714), a large num ber of occasional sermons, and some theologi cal treatises. Wadsworth, GEN. JAMES, Revol. patriot, b. Durham, Ct., 6 July, 1730; d. there 22 Sept. 1817. Y.C. 1748. town-clerk of D. 1756- 86; col. and brig.-gen. in 1776; and in 1777 was app. 2d maj.-gen. Ct. militia. In Mar. 1777 he was ordered to New Haven to defend the seacoast, and was some time a member of the com. of safety of Ct. He was some time jus tice, and then judge of the C.C.P., New-Haven Co.; member of the council 1785-90, and a delegate to the Cont. Congress 1783-6. Wadsworth, JAMES, philanthropist, b. Durham, Ct., April 20, 1768; d. Geneseo, N.Y., June 8, 1844. Y.C. 1787. Nephew of the preceding. In 1790 he became the joint owner with his bro. William of a large tract of land on the Genesee River, which advanced so much in value that he acquired a large fortune. He established the first Normal School in New York in 1811; procured the enactment of the school-library law in 1838; founded a library and institution for scientific lectures at Geneseo, and endowed it with -$10,000. His gifts to the cause of education exceeded $90,000. Wadsworth, GEN. JAMES SAMUEL, b. Geneseo, N.Y., Oct. 30, 1807 ; d. May 8, 1864, of wounds received in battle of Wilderness, Va., May 6. Son of the preceding. Educated at Harvard and Yale. He studied law at Al bany, and in the office of Daniel Webster; was adm. to the bar in 1833, but never prac tised, employing himself in the management of his large patrimonial estates, and taking a deep interest in education. He topk part in the free-soil movement of 1848 ; was a corn- miss, to the Peace Convention at Washington, Feb. 1861 ; and was one of the first to offer his services to the govt. when the civil war began. When communication between Phila. and Washington was obstructed, he chartered a vessel, freighted it with supplies at his own expense, and sailed with it to Annapolis, ar riving opportunely for the necessities of the govt. In June he was a vol. aide on Gen. McDowell s staff, and was commended for bravery and humanity in the battle of Bull Run ; made brig.-gen. Aug. 9, 1861 ; in Mar. 1862 he was made milit. gov. of D.C. Candi date of the Repub. party for gov. of N.Y. in Nov. 1862, he was defeated by Horatio Sey mour. In Dec. he was assigned a division under Gen. Burnside; and, at the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettys burg, com. the 1st division 1st army corps under Gen. Reynolds, which at the latter place saved the first day ; com. the corps after the fail of Reynolds. Early in 1864 he was sent upon special service to the Mpi. Valley, and made an extensive tour through the Western and S.W. States. In the campaign of 1864 he led the 4th division of the 5th corps. Wadsworth, JEREMIAH, commissary 946 pen. during the greater part of the Revol. war, b. Hartford 1743 ; d. there Apr. 30, 1804. He was the originator and promoter of public im provements in his native town ; was a delegate to the Cont. Congress in 1786-8, and M.C. in i789-95. Wadsworth, PELEG, maj.-gen., b. Dux- burv, Ms., May 6, 1748 ; d. Hiram, Me., Nov. 18/1829. H.U. 1769. He taught school at Plymouth, Ms., in 1769, with Alexander Seammell, and engaged in commercial pursuits. Joining the Revol. army as capt. of minute- men at Roxbury early in the struggle, he became aide to Gen. Ward, and afterwards adj.- gen. for Ms., and was present at the battle of Long Island; brig.-gen. of militia in 1777; second in com. of the Penobscotexped. in 1779, on which occasion he displayed great courage, and was taken prisoner. Captured by a party of the enemy in Feb. 1781, they imprisoned him in the fort at Castine, whence he escaped in June. In 1784 he established himself in business in Portland, Me., and was much em ployed in surveying ; in 1792 he was elected a Stalte senator, and was M.C. in 1792-1806; in 1807 he removed to Oxford, Me., to improve a large tract of land granted to him by govt. for his services. His son Lieut. HENRY, U.S.N., disting. in Tripolitan war, d. off Tripoli, Sept. 4, 1804, a. 19, by the explosion of a lireship. Another son, ALEXANDER SCAMMEL, was a capt. in the navy. Wadsworth, GEN. WILLIAM, b. Durham, Ct. ; d. Genesee, N.Y., Feb. 1833. Bro. of James. He was an early settler in Western N.Y. ; served as brig.-gen. N.Y. militia in U.S. service, and disting. in assault on Queenstown Heights, Oct. 13, 1812. Gardner. Wafer, LIONEL, navigator, b. London, ab. 1640; in 1677 embarked for Bantam; sailed with Linen and Cook, buccaneers ; afterward surgeon of Dampier s exped. across the Isth mus of D#rien, and left wounded with the Indians in consequence of a quarrel wirh Dampier ; returned to London in 1690, and told his story in " A New Voyage, and Descrip tion of the Isthmus of America," 8vo, 1699. For his Voyage to Magellanica in 1685, see Callender s Voyages, ii. 673. Wain Wright, JONATHAN MAYHEW, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1823), D.C.L. (Oxf. 1852), Pr.-Epis. bishop of N.Y., b. Liverpool, Eng., of Amer. parents, 24 Feb. 1793; d. N.Y. City 21 Sept. 1854. H.U. 1812. His mother was a dau. of the celebrated Dr.JMayhew of Boston. Instr. in elocution in H.U. 1815-17 ; rector of Christ Church, Hartford, Ct. ; assist, rector of Trin. Church, N.Y., 1819-21 ; rector of Grace Church, N.Y. ; of Trinity Church, Boston, 24 Nov. 1833-Feb. 1838; and assist, rector of Trinity Church, N.Y., until his app. as prov. bishop 10 Nov. 1852. He was many years sec. of the h. of bishops. Before he was made a bishop, he travelled in Egypt and the Holy Land, and pub. his observations in those countries in 2 vols. His most celebrated production was his printed controversy with Rev. Dr. Potts in 1843. He aided in the formation of the U. of N.Y. ; was one of the first pulpit-orators of his day ; was a ripe scholar, and wielded great social in fluence. A devoted Ijver of music, he pub. in ite in 1832-3 ; judge of the Superior Court Sup. Court of Errors 1834-54, and chief 1819 a vol. of chants ; in 1828 " Music of the Church," &c. ; and in 1851 "The Choir and Family Psalter." He also pub. " Our Saviour, with Prophets and Apostles," and " Sermons on Religious Education," &c., 1829; edited " Women of the Bible," and contrib. to many periodicals. A memorial vol. edited by his widow, 1856, contains 34 of his sermons, and a Memoir by Bishop Doane. His son JONA THAN M., com. U.S.N., was killed, 1 Jan. 1863, upon " The Harriet Lane," in the attack on Galveston, Texas. Waite, GEN. CARLOS A., b. N.Y. 1800; d. Plattsburg, N.Y., May 7, 1866. App. lieut. of inf. Jan. 28, 1820; capt. July, 1836; major 8th Inf. Feb. 16, 1847; com. his regt. in Val ley of Mexico ; brev. lieut.-col. for gallantry in battles of Contreras and Churubusco ; brev, col. for El Molino delRey, Aug. 1848, in which he was wounded; lieut.-col. 5th Inf. Nov. 10, 1851 ; col. 1st Inf. June 3, 1860. After con tinuous service in the Rebellion, he was retired in Feb. 1864 ; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. Waite, HENRY MATSON, LL.D. (Y.C. 1855), jurist, b. Lyme, Ct., Feb. 9, 1787; d. there Dec. 14, 1869. Y.C. 1809. Adm. to the bar in Dec. 1812, and practised in Lyme ; member of the State legisl. in 1815; of the senate and justice "from 1854 to Feb. 1857. A 7 . E. Hist. Geneol. Reg., Apr. 1870. Wakefleld, MRS. A. C., <fe Nancy W. Priest; d. Winchendon, Ms., Sept. 20, 1870, a. 33. Author of the beautiful poem, " Over the River," first pub. in Aug. 1857. Wakeman, GEORGE, journalist, b. Green field Hill, Ct., 4 Feb. 1841 ; d. N. York City, Mar. 19, 1870. Removed to New York in 1858, and wrote for the Ledger. Several years connected with the New -York World, and a contrib. to the Galaxy, Appleton s Journal, and other periodicals; app. in 1868 stenographer to the N.Y. senate. Walbach, GEN. JOHN DE BARTH, b. Alsace, on the Rhine, 1764; d. Baltimore, Md., June 10, 1857. App. ensign of the Royal Alsace Regt. under Prince Maximilian (after ward king of Bavaria), in the French service, Dec. 1, 1782; major, Nov. 1795. He came to Amer. in 1796; studied law in the office of Alexander Hamilton; was app. lieut. of U.S. cavalry, Jan. 8, 1799; capt. Jan. 1806; assist, adj.-gen. (rank of major) June, 1813; adj.- gen. (rank of col.) Aug. 6, 1813; brev. major for gallant conduct in battle of Chrystler s Fields, Nov. 11, 1813; brev. lieut.-col. for meritorious services, May 1, 1815 ; major of art. Apr. 25, 1818; brev. col. May 1, 1825 ; brev. brig.-gen. May, 1850; lieut.-col. 1st Art. May 30, 1832 ; coL 4th Art. Mar. 19, 1842. Gardner. Walbridge, GEN. HIRAM, a prominent citizen of New York, b. Ithaca, N.Y., Feb. 22, 1821; d. N.Y. City, Dec. 6, 1870. Ohio U. 1841. He studied law in Toledo, O. ; was adm. to the bar in 1843; and in 1844 was a brig.-gen. of Ohio militia; in 1847 he became a merchant in New York ; a zealous promoter of the commercial interests of the country, and of its internal improvement; a Democ, M.C- 947 in 1853-5; and in 1869 acommiss. to examine and report on the Pacific Railroad. Early in 1861 he advocated the calling-out of 600,000 men to suppress the Rebellion, and was offered, and declined, a seat in Mr. Lincoln s cabinet. Vice-pres. of the Nat. Commercial Conv. at Chicago, and subsequently pres. over similar bodies in Detroit and Louisville. He advocat ed free banking, a reduction of taxation, and the development of the resources of the West. A fluent and able speaker, and a liberal and popular man. Walcot, CHARLES MELTON, Sen., comic actor and dramatist, b. London, 1816; d. Phila. May 15, 1868. He studied his profes sion in England, but entered on its practice in America in 1843, and acquired popularity at the Old Olympic and at Wallace s. In 1866 he removed to Phila. In eccentric comedy he had no rival on the English or American stage. His performance of Lavater, in the comic drama of that name, was especially good. Among his numerous plays are " Hiawatha, or Ardent Spirits and Laughing - Water ; " " Washington ; " " Don Giovanni in Goth am ; " " David Copperfield ; " " Richard III. to kill;" "The Customs of the Country;" and " Snip-Snaps." CHARLES M., Jun., his son, also a comedian, b. Boston, July 1, 1840. Educated at St. John s Coll., Fordham, N.Y. ; frad. 1858. He made his debut in Charleston, .C., in 1858, and soon assumed the role of leading light comedian, which he has per formed in the leading theatres of the U. S. May 31, 1863, he m. Isabella, dau. of John Nickinson, the comedian. Waldo, DANIEL, a Cong, clergyman, b. Windham, Ct., Sept. 10, 1762; d. Syracuse, N.Y., July 30, 1864, a. 102. Y.C. 1788. He "was a soldier in the Revol. army ; was taken prisoner at Horseneck, and was confined in the Sugar-House in New York, where he endured sufferings and cruelties from which he barely escaped with his life. He was from May 24, 1792, till 1809, pastor of the Cong, church, West Suffolk, Ct. ; acting also as a missionary in Pa. and N.Y. In 1810-1811 he preached at Cambritlgeport, Ms. ; after which he was a missionary in R.I. till 1820; then preached at Harvard ; was then for 12 years settled at Exe ter, R.I. ; and afterward resided in N.Y. Mr. Waklo, at the age of 93, became chaplain to Congress. Waldo, GEN. SAMUEL, b. Boston, 1696 ; d. on the Penobscot, May 23, 1759. He was the son of Jonathan, a wealthy merchant of Boston, who d. in 1731 ; and was a brig.-gen. at the capture of Louisburg in 1745. He re sided at Falmouth; was an accomplished, active, and enterprising man ; had crossed the ocean 15 times; and was a disting. officer. There were remarkable coincidences between his life and that of his friend Sir Wm. Pepperell. They lived in Me., and were rich bachelors ; they were councillors together ; they com manded regiments, and were together at Louis- burg ; they passed a year together in England ; were born the same year ; and died nearly at the same time. Waldo, SAMUEL, portrait - painter, b. Windham, Ct., 1783; d. N.Y. City, Feb. 16, 1861. He studied at Hartford ; went to Lon don in 1806; was aided by West, Copley, and Fulton, and painted many likenesses at 5 guineas each. He landed in New York in Jan. 1809, and painted portraits there 53 years. Among them are those of Gen. Macomb, May ors Willett, Radcliffe, and Allen, and Peter Remsen. Tuckerman. Waldo, SAMUEL PUTNAM, author, grand son of Gen. Putnam ; d. Hartford, Ct., March, 1826, a. 46. Author of Lives of Jackson, De- catur ; " liobbins s Journal ; " " Tour of Presi dent Monroe, with Sketch of his Life," 12mo, 1818 ; Biog. Sketches of Com. N. Biddle, J. Paul Jones, E. Preble, and A. Murray, 1823. Waldron (or correctly Walderne), MAJ. RICHARD, president of N.H., b. Alcester, Warwickshire, Eng. (bapt. 6 Jan. 1615) ; killed by the Indians, June 28, 1689. He came over in 1635, and was an early settler of Dover, N.H., whither he went in 1645 ; was a represen tative 1654-76; was 7 years speaker of the house; was counsellor, chief justice, and pres. in 1681. He was the chief military officer of the Colony. In the war of 1676 he seized by stratagem several hundred Indians, 200 of whom were hung, or sold into slavery. This act called down upon him the vengeance of the Indians, who, 13 years later, made him prison er, and mangled him terribly. His son RICH ARD (b. 1650, d. 30 Nov. 1730) removed to Portsmouth, was counsellor of N.H. 1681, representative at Boston 1691-2, chief justice C.C.P., judge of probate, and a colonel. WaldseemuLler, MARTIN, a German compiler, b. Fribourg ab. 1470; d. after 1522. He pub. an " Introduction to Cosmography, with the Four Voyages of Americus Vespu- cius," 1507, in which he advocated the appli cation of the name " America " to the New World. Wales, SAMUEL, D.D. (Y.C. 1782; N. J. 1784), minister of Milford 1770-82; prof, of divinity, Y. C., from June 12, 1782, till his death, Feb. 18, 1794, a. ab. 46. Y.C. 1767. Author of "Dangers of Our National Pros perity, Election Sermon," 1785, Hartford. Walke, HENRY, rear-adm. U. S. N., b. Princess Anne Co., Va., Apr. 26, 1809. Mid- shipm. Feb. 1, 1827; lieut. Dec. 9, 1839 ; com. Sept. 14, 1855 ; capt. July 16, 1862 ; commo. July 25, 1866 ; rear-adm. (ret. list) 1871. Pres ent at capture of Tabasco, Vera Cruz, and Tuspan, during the Mexican war, 1847-8; com. " The Tyler " and " Lexington " at the battle of Belmont, Nov. 7, 1861 ; com. " The Carondelet" at Fort Henry, Feb. 6, 1862; Fort Donelson, Feb. 13-16, 1862 ; Island No. 10, Mar. 17, 1862; captured Confed. batteries opp. Point Pleasant, and spiked the guns, Apr. 6, 1862; battle of Fort Pillow, May 11, 1862 : of Memphis, June 6, 1862; engagement be tween " The Carondelet " and Confed. ram "Arkansas," Yazoo River, July 15, 1862 ; com. the lower division of Mpi. flotilla at Helena and Vicksburg, 1862 ; com. ironclad " Lafay ette " in 1863 ; passage of batteries at Vicksburg, Apr. 16, 1863 ; battle of Grand Gulf, Apr. 29, 1863; dispersed the forces of Dick Taylor at Simmsport, June 4, 1863; and in 1868 took WAX, 948 WAX, com. of naval station at Mound City, Illinois. Hamerslu. Walker, AMASA, LL.D. (Arab. Coll. 1867), writer on polit. economy, b. Woodstock, Ct., May 4, 1799. Descended from Augustine, freeman* of Charlestown, 1641 ; educated in the com. school of N. Brookfield, at which place he died Oct. 29, 1875. In 1825-40 he was a merchant in Boston, and was many years connected with the Ms. Antislavery Society ; in 1848 he was a Free-soil representative; in 1849 State senator; was one of the earliest advocates of the establishment of the Western Railroad ; has been a devoted temperance lead er; and, besides cultivating a taste for litera ture, has carefully studied for many years the science of political economy, of which he was in 1842-9 prof, at Oberlin Coll. He visited Europe as a delegate to the first International Peace Convention in 1843, and again in 1849. Sec. of state 1851-2 ; member Const. Conv. 1853; M.C. from Ms. in 1862-3. Lecturer on polit. economy in Amh. Coll. 1861-1875. Au thor of "Science of Wealth," 5th ed., 1869; speeches, addresses, orations, &c. ; and ed., with W. B. Calhoun and C. L. Flint, " Trans." Agric. Soc. of Ms. 1847-53, 7 vols. 8vo. "Walker, COL. BENJAMIN, Revol. officer, b. Eng. 1753; d. Utica, N.Y., -13 Jan. 1818. He was brought up a merchant; became a capt. in the 2d N. Y. Regt. ; was aide-de-camp to Steuben, and in 1781-2 to Washington; after the war, was sec. to the gov. of N.Y. ; then became a broker in N.Y. City ; naval offi cer of N.Y. in Washington s administration; M.C. 1801-3. In 1797 he became agent for the Earl of Bute s great estates in Western N.Y. ; and was identified with the growth and prog ress of Utica. Walker, GEN. FRANCIS AMASA, statis tician, second son of Amasa and Hannah Am brose Walker, b. Boston, 2 July, 1840. Amh. Coll. 1860. In 1843 his father removed to N. Brookfield. Francis began to study law with Devens and Hoar of Worcester; but in 1861 was made serg.-maj. of Devens s (15th Ms.) regt. ; 14 Sept. 1861, assist, adj.-gen. Couch s brigade ; 11 Aug. 1862, adj.-gen. Couch s div.; and 23 Dec. 1863, became a col. on the staff of the 2d army corps; brev. brig.-gen. 1865. He served in the Army of the Potomac ; was wounded at Chancellorsville ; made prisoner at Reams s Station ; was confined in Libby Prison, suffering so much in health as to be obliged to resign after being exchanged early in 1865. He subsequently taught for 2 years in the Williston Sem. ; was then for one year assist, ed. Springfield Republican ; then took charge of the bureau of statistics at Wash ington ; was superintendent of the census of 1870; and in Nov. 1871 was app. Indian commissioner. Walker, HENDERSON, gov. N.C. from 1699 to his d. April 14, 1704, a. 44. He was a lawyer, judge of the Supreme Court, and pres. of the council, and introduced impor tant reforms in the judiciary. Walker, SIR HovENDEN,kt., of Somers- ham, Eng., a British adm. ; d. broken-hearted in Dublin, Jan. 1726. He entered the navy young; became a capt. in 1692; rear-adm. of the white in 1710; and for his gallantry was in 1711 knighted by Queen Anne. He is con nected with our history by his ill-starred exped which in that year sailed for Quebec to wrest Canada from the French. The difficult navi gation of the St. Lawrence, as well as a storm, which wrecked half his ships on Me aux (Enfs, compelled his return to England. Here he suffered more reverses : his ship " The Edgar " (of 74 guns) blew up at Spithead, and nearly all the crew perished. Blamed for negligence in this matter, and his ill fortune at Quebec being yet recent, he was dismissed the service in 1715. He pub. in 1720 "A Journal or Full Account of the Late Exped. to Canada," &c. He had previously settled upon a plan tation in South Carolina. Walker, JAMES, D.D. (H.U. 1835), schol ar and theologian, b. Burlington, Ms., Aug. 16, 1794. H.U. 1814. He was settled over the Unitarian society of Charlestown, April 15, 1818-39 ; was Alford prof, of moral philos. at H.U. 1839-53 ; and pres. from Feb. 1853 to February, 1860. He delivered before the Lowell Institute a course of lectures on natu ral religion, also a course on the philosophy of religion, 1860. Besides contribs. to the Christian Examiner, with which he was edito rially connected in 1831-9, he publish, an edi tion of " Reid on the Intellectual Powers," and Dugald Stewart s " Philosophy of the Active and Moral Powers;" and in 1861 a vol. of sermons preached in the chapel of Harv. Coll. while a prof, there, 12mo; "Memoir of D. Appleton White," 1863; "Memoir of Josiah Quincy," 1867 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., Dec. 23, 71. Walker, JAMES BARR, D.D., clergyman and author, b. Phila. July 29, 1805. He worked in a manuf. at Pittsburg, and for 4 years in a printing-office. At the age of 20, he travelled on foot to New York; became a clerk in the office of M. M. Noah; and was afterward principal of an academy at New Durham, N. J. Returning to the West, he next studied law in Ravenna, 0., and from 1828 to 1831 studied in the Western Res. Coll., Hudson. He pub. and edited successively three religious newspapers at Hudson, Cincinnati, and Chicago, also en gaging in the publication and sale of books. About 1839 he began to study theology; was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Chicago in 1841 ; and has since resided in Mansfield, O., where he has established a private asylum for orphans ; has been for some time acting- pastor of a church in Sandusky, and is lecturer on " The Harmony between Science and Re vealed Religion " at Oberlin College and Chi cago Theol. Sem. Author of " Philosophy of the Plan of Salvation," pub. anonymously, 4 editions of which have been pub. in Eng., and which has been translated into several Euro pean languages ; " God Revealed in Creation and in Christ," 1858; "Philosophy of Scepti cism;" "Philosophy of the Divine Operation in Human Redemption," London, 1862 ; " Poems," London, 1862 ; " The Living Ques tions of the Age," 1869; "Doctrine of the Holy Spirit," 1870; and poetical pieces in "Poets and Poetry of the West." Appleton. Walker, ROBERT, judge of the Sup. Court of Ct. 1760-72 ; d. Stratford, Ct., 1772. Y.C. 949 1730. A descendant of Robert of Boston, 1634, and of his son Zechariah, minister of Stratford and Woodbury in 1670-1700. Walker, ROBERT JAMES, statesman and financier, b. Northumberland, Pa., 19 July, 1801; d. Washington, B.C., 11 Nov. 1869. U. of Pa. 1819. Adm. to the Pittsburg bar in 1821. At 22 he was chairman of a Democ. com., and was instrumental in effecting Jack son s first nomination to the presidency in 1824. In the spring of 1826 he settled in Nat chez, Mpi. U.S. senator 1837-45, and a leader of the Democ. party. He supported the lead ing measures of Van Buren, especially the divorce of the govt. from the banks ; exercised great influence over Pres. Tyler, whom he in duced to veto the bank bill framed under the auspices of Mr. Clay; and counselled the vigor ous steps which led to the incorporation of Texas into the Union. He was instrumental in defeating Mr. Van Buren s 3d nomination, and secured that of Mr. Polk ; a letter of Mr. Walker s on the Texas question largely influ encing the election of the latter. Sec. U.S. treasury 1845-9 ; gov. of Kansas Terr. Apr. 1857-8 (a period of great difficulty), he re signed, being " unwilling to aid in forcing slavery on Kansas by fraud and forgery." Dur ing the Rebellion he materially aided the Union cause, being financial agent of the U. S. in Europe (May, 1863-Nov. 1864), effecting the sale of 6250,000,000 of 5-20 bonds, and defeat ing the second Confed. loan of $75,000,000. Influential in procuring the ratification of the Alaska Treaty, and an able and efficient advo cate of the Pacific Railroad. His celebrated report in favor of free-trade was reprinted by order of the British house of commons. In connection with his law-partner, F. P. Stanton, he pub. a monthly mag. of merit, but with pecuniary loss. Author of " Reports of Sup. Court of Mpi. 1818-32," 8vo, 1834; "Argu ment on the Mpi. Slave-Question," 1841. Walker, SEARS COOK, mathematician and astronomer, b. Wilmington, Ms., March 28, 1805; d. Cincinnati, Jan. 30, 1853. H.U. 1825. He taught school near Boston and in Phila., whither he removed in 1827. His parallactic tables, first prepared in 1834, greatly reduced the time needed for computing the phases of an occultation. In 1837 he prepared a plan for the organization of an observatory in connection with the Phila. High School, which was the first in America deserving the name, except the one at Hudson, Ohio. From its equipment in 1840 until 1852, he pub. in the " Proceedings" of the Philos. Soc. and the Am. Jour, of Science many observations and in vestigations made by himself, or in conjunction with his half-bro. Prof. Kendall. In 1841 he pub. a valuable memoir on the periodical meteors of Aug. and Nov.; in 1845 he was placed in the Washington Observatory, where, Feb. 2, 1847, 4 months after the discovery of the planet Neptune, he discovered that a star observed by Lalande in May, 1795, must have been this planet, a fact subsequently demon strated. Leaving the observatory soon after, he took charge of the longitude computations of the U.S. coast-survey, an office in which he remained until his last illness. By 1849, the int labors of Walker and Bache had success fully carried out the method of telegraphic lon gitude determinations. The introduction of the chronographic method of recording observa tions belongs to them. Walker pub. Epheme- ris of the planet Neptune for 1848-52; and Researches relative to that planet, 1850. Walker, TIMOTHY, jurist, b. Rumford, June 26, 1737; d. May 5, 1822. H.U. 1756. Son of Rev. Timothy, minister of Concord 1730-82. He studied divinity ; com. a regt. of minute-men at the siege of "Boston ; was one of the com. of safety 1776 ; was afterwards pay master; member of State Constitutional Con vention ; State representative and senator ; judge of C. C. P. in N. H. 1777-1804; chief justice 1804-9. Walker, TIMOTHY, LL.D. (H.U. 1854), jurist, b. Wilmington, Ms., Dec. 1, 1802; d. Cincinnati, 0., Jan. 15, 1856. H. U. 1826. Bro. of Sears Cook. He taught three years in the Round-hill School, Northampton ; entered the Dane Law School in 1829 ; and in 1830 went to Cincinnati, where he was in 1831 adm to the bar, and began practice. In 1833, in con nection with Judge Wright, he established a law school in Cincinnati, which in 1835 was united with the coll. there, he continuing a prof, until 1844, and having, for a time, the ex clusive charge of it ; in 1842 he was app. pres. judge of the Hamilton C.C.P., and, after leav ing that post, became editor of the Western Law Jour. Author of "Introduction to American Law ; " a treatise on geometry, used as a school text-book ; a discourse on the history of Ohio before the Ohio Hist. Soc., 1838; address at Miami U., 1832; "Dignity of the Law as a Profession," 1837 ; orations on J. Q. Adams, 1848, and on Daniel Webster, 1852; also speeches, articles in the N. A. Review, &c. Walker, WILLIAM, filibuster, b. Nash ville, Tenn., May 8, 1824; executed at Trux- illo, Honduras, Sept. 12, 1860. He studied, but never practised, medicine ; afterward stud ied law in Nashville ; and, removing to New Orleans, became an editor of the Crescent, news paper. In 1850 he went to California, where he was one of the editors of the San Francisco Herald, and afterward a lawyer at Marvsville. In July, 1853, he organized an exped. for the conquest of Sonora, on the failure of which he surrendered himself to the U.S. officers in San Diego ; was tried at San Francisco, May 1 5, 1854, for violating the neutrality laws, and ac quitted. June 11, 1855, with 62 followers, he landed at Realejo, Nicaragua, and, after gain ing two battles, took possession of Granada, Oct. 15, and was app generalissimo of the republic. Hostilities with Costa Rica having broken out, he was defeated near Guanacaste, Mar. 20, 1856 ; and at Rivas, Apr. 1 1, gained an advantage which put a temporary stop to the war. June 25, he caused himself to be elected pres. By his arbitrary acts a powerful insur rection was excited; and May 1, 1857, after several battles, Walker was obliged to surren der himself to Com. C. H. Davis of the U.S. sloop-of-war " St. Mary s," by whom he was taken to the U.S. Nov. 11, he again landed at Punta Arenas Nicaragua ; but, Dec. 8, was com pelled by Com. Paulding, U.S.N., to surrender, and tiiken as a prisoner to New York. In June, 1860, he again left New Orleans, landing at 950 Truxillo June 27. In a proclamation to the peo ple of Honduras he informed them that he was making war, not on them, but on their govt. He was eaptured Sept. 3, brought back to Truxillo, condemned by a court-martial, and shot. Author of " The War in N caragua," Mobile, I860. Walker, GEN. WILLIAM H. T., b. Ga., Oct. 1816; killed in the second battle at Decatur, Ga., July 22, 1864. West Point, 1837. Brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry in Florida, Dec. 25, 1837 ; thrice wounded in battle of Okcechobee on that day ; capt. 7 Nov. 1845 ; brev. maj. for Con&re- rasand Churubusco Aug. 20, 1847; with storm- ing-party, and brev. lieut. -col. for gallantry, at Molino del Rcy, Sept. 8, 1847, and severely wounded ; com. of cadets, and instr. inf tac tics, at West Point, 1854-6; major 10th Inf. Mar. 3, 1855 ; resigned 20 Dec. 1860, and made a inaj.-gen. Confed. army. Noted for reckless courage and frequent wounds in battle. Walker, WILLIAM JOHNSON, M.D., phy sician, b. Charlestown, Ms., Mar. 15, 1790; d. Newport, Apr. 2, 1865. H.U. 1810. Son of Maj. Timothy. He studied medicine, practised in Charlestown, and, as a skilful surgeon, had no superior in the State. Late in life he accumu lated great wealth, of which he gave away $400,000, and at his death left a million and a quarter, of which he divided near a million among various institutions of learning. Walker, CAPT. WILLIAM M., U.S.N., b. 1813; d. N.Y. 19 Nov. 1866 ; grad. U.S. Naval School ; passed midshipm. June, 1 833 ; took part in Wilkes s exploring exped. 1838-41 ; was sent by the navy dept. in 1851 to France and Eng. to collect information upon the application of steam to naval architecture and equipment ; and during the Rebellion com. the steamer " De So- to," of the Gulf block, squadron. He pub. " Notes on Screw Propulsion," 8vo, N.Y., 1861. Wall, GARRET D., lawyer and politician, b. Monmouth Co., N.J., Mar. 10, 1783 ; d. Bur lington, N.J., Nov. 22, 1850. Receiving an aca demical education, he studied law at Trenton ; was in 1804 licensed as an atty., and in 1807 as a counsellor at law ; clerk of the Sup. Court 1812-17 ; quartern! -gen. of the State 1815-37 ; member of the Assembly in 1827 ; U.S. dist.- atty. in 1829 ; elected gov. of the State, but declined the office, the same year ; was U.S. senator 1835-41 ; judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals 1848-50. When an attack was expected from the British during the war of 1812, he com. a vol. company from Trenton, which was stationed at Sandy Hook. His dau. m. the Hon. Peter D. Vroom. His son JAMES W., a lawyer, and U.S. senator 1862-3 (b. Trenton, 1820; N.J. Coll. 1838), author of "Foreign Etchings," 1855; "Essays on the Early Eng. Poets," &c.; d. June 9, 1872. Wallace, DAVID, politician, b. Phila. Apr. 4, 1799 ; d. Indianapolis, Sept. 4, 1859. West Point (lieut. of art.), 1821; resigned June 1, 1822 His father s family removed in 1817 to Brookville, Ind. The son studied law ; ac quired an extensive and lucrative practice in Franklin Co. ; was several times elected to the State legisl. ; member Const. Conv. , lieut.- gov. in 1834-7 ; gov. 1837-40; M.C. in 1841- 3 ; and judge Marion Co. C.C.P. 1856-9. Wallace, HORACE BINNEY, scholar, b Phiia. Feb. 26, 1817 ; killed himself at Paris, in consequence of a disease of the brain, Dec. 16, 1852. N. J. Coll. 1835. He studied chrm- istry, medicine, and finally law with his lather John B., an eminent lawyer, and afterwards with Charles Chauncey. He edited, with notes, Smith s "Leading Cases in Law," White and Tudor s " Leading Cases in Equity," and " American Leading Cases." The fruit of a European* visit in 1849-50 was " Art, Scenery, and Philosophy in Europe," Phila. 1855; also author of " Literary Criticisms, and Other Pa pers," 1856 ; " Stanley, or the Recollections of a Man of the World," a novel, 12mo, 1838. He pub. many articles in periodicals, and was much interested in philosophical speculation. Wallace, SIR JAMES, a British admiral ; d. London, March 6, 1803. He became post- capt. Jan. 10, 1771; rear-adm. Apr. 12, 1794; vice-adm. Jan. 1, 1795; adm.ofthe Blue, Jan. 1, 1801 ; and in 1793-5 was gov. of Newfound land. He com. the British fleet at Newport in 1775 ; Oct. 1777, ascended the Hudson on a marauding exped., and destroyed Kingston, plundering the towns he visited, and wantonly destroying private property. Captured in "The Experiment" (50 guns) by D Estaing, Sept. 24, 1779 ; com. " The Warrior " in Rod ney s victory over De Grasse, 12 Apr. 1782 Wallace, JAMES, D.D., mathematician ; d. S.C. Jan. 15, 1851. Prof, of mathematics in S. C. Coll., previously in Col. Coll., and Georget. Coll., D.C. Author of a treatise on globes and on practical astronomy. Wallace, JOHN BRADFORD, lawyer, b. Somerset Co., N.J., 17 Aug. 1778; d." Phila. 7 Jan. 1837. N. J. Coll. 1794. Adm. to Pa. bar 1797. Author of " Reports 3d Circ. U.S. Circ Court," 1801, 8vo ; "Remarks on the Law of Bailment," 1840. Edited " Abbot on Shipping," ab. 1802. A Memoir by his widow was pub. 1848. AUibone. Wallace, JOHN WILLIAM, reporter U.S. Sup. Court since 21 Mar. 1864 ; son of J. B. ; b. Phila. 17 Feb. 1815. U. of Pa. 1833. Ma ter in chancery, Pa. Sup. Court. Author of "The Reporters," 8vo, 1843; "Cases in the 3d Circ. U. S. Circ. Court," 1842-53, 2 vols, 8vo; Address, 20 May, 1863, on the 200th birthday of William Bradford, printer; " Re ports U. S. Sup. Court," 1864, et sfq. Editod British Crown Cases Reserved, 6 vols. 8vo ; Smith s " Leading Cases," and " Amer. Lead ing Cases." Pres. Hist. Soc. of Pa. Allibni:?,. Wallace, GEN. LEWIS, b. Brookville^ Franklin Co , Ind., Apr. 10, 1827 ; son of Gov. David. Was a law-student at the outbreak of the Mexican war, and, at the call for volunteers, became It. 1st Ind. Vols. After the war, begun the practice of law in Covington, Ind.; thence removed to Crawfordsville. Served one term in the State senate. When the civil war broke out, he was app. adj. -gen. of Ind , and soon after col. llth Ind. Vols., with which he fought the battle of Romney, and forced the rebels to evacuate Harper s Ferry. Brig.-gen. of vols., Sept. 3, 1861; led a division at the capture of Ft. Donelson, where he won the grade of maj,- gen., dating from Mar. 21, 1862; was conspicu ous for gallantry at Shiloh ; in 1863, by energy in preparing defence, saved Cincinnati from cap ture by Gen. Kir by Smith ; afterwards assigned to command of Middle l)ept. and 8th Army 951 Corps, ITd. Qrs. Baltimore, Md. ; with 5,800 meu intercepted Early marching upon Wash ington with 28,000, and July 9, 1864, fought the battle of Monocacy, Md. Though defeated, he gained his object ; viz., time for Gen. Grant to re-enforce the capital from City Point. By order of Gen. Halleck, he was superseded by Gen. Ord ; but, when Gen. Grant learned the particulars of the action, he immediately re-instated Gen W. in his command, and, in his official rep. for 1865, said, " On the 6th (July) the enemy ( Early) oc cupied Hagerstown, moving a strong column toward Frederick City. Gen. Wallace, with Eickett s div. and his own command, the latter mostly new and undisciplined troops, pushed out from Baltimore with great promptness, and met the enemv in force on the Monocacy, near the crossing of the railroad bridge. His force was riot sufficient to insure success : but he fought the enemy nevertheless ; and, although it result ed in a defeat to our arms, yet he detained the enemy, and thereby served to enable Wright to reach Washington . . . before him." An ac knowledgment that Ge i. W. by his promptitude and firmness saved the capital from capture at a most important juncture in the war. Gen. W. was pres. of the commission app. to investigate Gen. Bueli s operations in Tenn. and Ky. ; mem ber of court that tried the assassins of Pres. Lin coln ; pres. of court that tried Capt. Wirz of An- dersonville. Resigned at end of Rebellion, and ret. to practice of law at Crawfordsville, Ind. Author of " The Fair God, a Tale of the Con quest of Mexico," 12mo, Boston, 1873. Wallace, GEN. WILLIAM HARVEY- LAMB, b. Urbana, O., July 8, 1821 ; d. Savannah, Tenn., April 10, 1862. He studied law at Springfield and Ottawa, 111. ; served in the Mexican war as private, lieut., and adj., in Hardin s regt. ; in 1853 was elected state-atty. for the 9th circuit of 111. ; in May, 1861, he be came col. of the llth 111. Regt. ; at the capture of Fort Donelson, where he was prominent, he com. a brigade in McClernand s div. ; was (Mar. 21 , 1862) made brig.-gen. of vols. ; and was mor tally wounded on the first day of the battle of Shiloh, where he com a division. Was the eldest of five hvos., all of whom served in the civil war. Wallace, WILLIAM Ross, poet, b. Lexing ton, Ky., 1819. Educated at the Bloomington and So. Hanover Colleges, Ind., and studied law at Lexington, but at the age of 22 went to NY., where he has since resided, engaged in literary pursuits. Besides his contributions in verse to newspapers and periodicals, lie has pub. " The Battle of Tippecanoe and other Poems " (1837), " Alban the Pirate" (1848), "Medita tions in America and other Poems" (1851), " Loved and Lost " (1856), " The Liberty Bell" (1862), "Dirge of Napoleon" (written before he was 17), " Pleasures of the Beautiful," &c. Wallack, JAMES WILLIAM, actor, b. Lon don, Aug. 24, 1795; d. N.Y. City, Dec. 25, 1864. His father Win. was a disting. comedian and vocalist ; and his mother, Elizabeth Field, played leading female characters with Garrick tor several years. He first appeared in London at the a<i-c of 7 ; and Sheridan engaged him for Drury Lane. At 22 he replaced B"Oth in play ing lago to Kcan s Othello. He first plaved in America at the Park Theatre, N.Y., Sept. 7, 1818, us Macbeth ; after two years of remarka ble success, he returned in 1820 to London; after two mox e visits to the U.S., he became stage-manager and leading actor at Drury Lane under Elliston ; in 1836 he opened the National Theatre, N.Y., burned down in 1839; and dur ing the next ten years he played star engage ments here and in Great Britain ; in 1851 he es tablished Wallack s Theatre on Broadway, New York, where he long enjoyed uninterrupted suc cess, the establishment being disting. by a uni form artistic excellence in its stock company, and a careful regard to the proprieties of scene ry and costume. In 1861 he built a new thea tre near Union Square ; retired from the stage in 1862. He was best in dramas of a romantic and picturesque order ; and he was unrivalled as Rolla in " Pizarro " His " Life " was pub. N.Y. 8vo, 1865, by T. H. Morell. His sons, John Lester (b. N. Y. 1819), and James W., jun., inherit the family talent. Walley, JOHN, iieut.-gen., judge of the Sup. Court of Ms., b. prob. in Loud., 1644; d. Boston, Jan. 11, 1712. Son of Rev. Themas. Com. the first exped. against the French and Indians in Canada, Feb. 12, 1689; and under Gov. Phipps in 1690, when he com. u, regt., doing good service in repulsing a body of 300 I- rencli troops on the banks of the St. Charles. He was one of the principal founders of the town and church of Bristol ; a, member of the council, 1687; capt. of the A. and Hon. Art. Co. His journal ot the exped. to Canada is giv en in Hutchinson s "Hist, of Massachusetts." Wain, ROBERT, poet, b. Phila. 1794; d. Providence, July 4, 1825. He was liberally educated. Pub. in 1819 " The Hermit in Amer ica on a Visit to Phila. ; " in 1820 "American Bards, a Satire ; " and lt Sisyphi Opus, or Touches at the Times ; " and in 1821 " The Her mit in Phila." On his return from a voyage to China as supercargo, he pub. a history of that country in quarto n umbers. He also edited San derson s "Lives of the Signers" after the third vol., and pub. in 1824 a "Life of Lafayette;" Account of the Insane Asylum near Frankford, Pa. He also contrib. to the periodicals of the day. His father ROBERT, a prominent mer chant of Phila., and M.C. 1798-1801, d. Jan. 24, 1836, a. 71. Author of an "Answer to the Boston Anti-Protective Report of Henry Lee," and of " Seven Letters to Elias Hicks." Walsh, MICHAEL, instructor, b. Ireland, 1763 ; d. Amesbury, 20 Aug., 1840. He came to America in early life ; was an usher in the Marblehead Acad. ; received the hon. degree of A.M. from H.U. in 1803. He pub " Mer cantile Arithmetic," 1801; "New System of Bookkeeping," 1826. Judge Joseph Story was one of his pupils. Walsh, MICHAEL, a Democ. politician of N.Y., b. Youghal, Ireland, 1810; d. N.Y. City, March 16, 1859. A lithographer by trade. Member of the Assembly in 1839 ; in "l840 he pub. and edited a paper called the Knickerbocker, which after a few years came to an end by his conviction and imprisonment for libel ; next edited a paper called the Subterranean, a scurri lous print, which lived two or three years. M.C. 1 853-5 ; and afterward visited En. . and Mexico as an agent of the govt. He possessed great nat ural talents. Author of speeches, poems, and other writings, NY., 8vo, 1843. 952 Walsh, ROBERT, LL.D. (H.U. 1819), au thor, b. Baltimore, 1784; d. Paris, Feb. 7, 1859. His iather, an Irishman, was a mer chant of Baltimore. He was educated at the R.C. Coll. at Baltimore, and the Jesuit Coll. at Georgetown. Returning from a visit to Europe in 1808, he studied law under R. G. Harper; m. and began practice, but, owing in part to deafness, abandoned law for literature. In 1811 he commenced the pub. of the first quarterly in America, The American Review of History and Politics, continued 2 years ; in 1813 he pub. his " Correspondence with R. G. Har per respecting Russia," and " Essay on the Future State of Europe." He also furnished several, biog. prefaces to an edition of the Eng lish poets, then being pub. in Phila. In 1817- 13 he edited the American Register; pub. a biography of Franklin in Delaplaine s " Reposi tory," 1818 ; "An Appeal from the Judgments of Great Britain respecting the U.S.," 1819, an able vindication of America from the asper sions and slanders of the Edinburgh and Quar terly Reviews. In 1820 he established the Na tional Gazette, with which he was connected till 1836. He also edited the American Mag. of Foreign Literature, but resuscitated his American Review in March, 1827, continuing it with great ability 10 years ; in 183G he pub. 2 vols. of " Didactics." About this time he went to Europe, where he spent the residue of his life; and was in 1845-51 U.S. consul at Paris, corresp. with the Nat. Intelligencer and the Journal of Commerce. For the " Encyclo paedia Americana," edited by Dr. F. Lieber, he furnished the articles on Amer. Biog. Member of the Philos. Society, and of the Roy. Span ish Acad. of History. Walter, LYNI>B MINSHALL, founder and first editor of the Boston Transcript 1830-42, b. 6 June, 1799 ; d. 24 July, 1842. H.U. 1817. Grandson of Rev. WILLIAM, rector of Trin. Church, Boston, 1764-76, b. 7 Oct. 1737; d. (rector of Christ Ch., Boston) 5 Dec. 1800. H.U. 1756. Great-grandson of Rev. Nathaniel. Walter, NEHEMIAH, minister of Roxbury, Ms., from 17 Oct. 1688 to his d. Sept. 17, 1750, b. Ireland, Dec. 1663. H.U. 1684. His father brought him to America as early as 1 67 9. After living a while in Nova Scotia, he became the col league of the Apostle Eliot. He pub. an essay on Indwelling Sin, 1 707, and several sermons. A vol. of sermons on Isaiah, with Memoir of Walter s Life, was pub. 8vo. 1755. Sprague. Walter, THOMAS, minister of Roxbury, b. Dec. 13, 1696; d. Jan. 10, 1725. H.U. 1713. Ordained colleague with his father, Rev. Neheiniah, Oct. 29, 1718, and was a disting. scholar, a popular preacher, and a keen dispu tant. Excelling in the knowledge of music, he pub. " Grounds and Rules of Music Explained," an elementary work on vocal music, 1721, long in use in N.E. ; essay on " Infallibility," 1724 ; and some sermons. Walter, THOMAS, botanist, b. Eng.; d. ab. 1800. He was liberally educated. Settled as a planter near Charleston, S.C., and in 1788 pub. Flora Carol iniana." Walter, THOMAS USTICK, LL.D. (H.U. 1857), architect, b. Phila. 4 Sept. 1804. Ph. D. of U. of Lewisb. 1853. He had a good education ; studied architecture and mathemat ics; designed in 1831 the Phila. County Prison ; Girard College, perhaps the finest specimen of classic architecture on the continent, in 1833; the U. S. Capitol Extension, which occupied him 14 years (1851-65); the new Treasury Building; and the Govt. Hospital for the In sane. Many years prof, of architecture in the Franklin lust. Phila. Member of the Amer. Philos. Soc., and of many other literary and scientific bodies, and one of the founders of the Amer. Institute of Architects. Thomas. Walter, WILLIAM BICKER, poet, b. Bos ton, Apr. 19, 1796; d. Charleston, S.C., Apr. 23, 1822. Bowd. Coll. 1818. Grandson of Rev. Wm., and studied divinity at Cambridge, but did not preach. He pub. in 1821 a vol. of poems ; also a rambling narrative and descrip tive poem entitled " Sukey," the idea of which was evidently derived from the then recently- published " Fanny." Dw/ckinck. Walton, GEORGE, signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Frederick Co., Va., 1740; d. Augus ta, Ga., Feb. 2, 1804. Son of William, and was early apprenticed to a carpenter, whose economy would not allow him a candle to read at night. In his zeal for knowledge, he found a substitute in pine-knots. Adm. to the Ga. bar in 1774 ; was one of the four persons who called a public meeting at Savannah to concert measures for the defence of the country, July 27, 1774 ; was one of the com. who prepared a petition to the king, and drew up the patri otic resolutions adopted on that occasion ; was active in promoting the RevoL at home ; and from Feb. 1776 to Oct. 1781 was a delegate to Congress. A col. of militia, he assisted in the defenceof Savannah in Dec. 1778 ; was danger ously wounded in the thigh, and was a prisoner till Sept. 1779. He was chosen gov. the next month, and again in 1789; app. chief justice of the State in 1783 ; in 1787 was a delegate to the conv. for framing the Federal Constitution, but declined taking his seat ; in 1793 was again a judge of the Supreme Court ; and was in 1795-6 U. S. senator. Walworth, REUBEN HYDE, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1835), jurist, b. Bozrah, Ct, Oct. 26, 1789; d. Saratoga, Nov. 21, 1867. He passed his earlier years on a farm in Hoosick, N.Y., to which his father removed in 1793, acquiring a scanty education by industrious application ; and at the age of 16 taught school. At the age of 17 he began the study of law at Troy, N.Y., where in 1809 he was adm. to the bar, and settled at Plattsburg, attaining a high reputation. He was master in chancery ; wa.i adj. -gen. of N.Y. militia during the war of 1812, participating in the operations at Platts burg in Sept. 1814; M.C. in 1821-3; app. a circuit judge in 1823; and in April, 1828-48. was chancellor of the State. Chancellor Wai- worth s adjudications in his own court are col lected in the 14 vols. of Paige and Barbour, while the opinions which he pronounced in the Court of Errors are to be found in the 38 vols. of Wendell, Hill, and Denio. Justice Story pronounced him "the greatest equity jurist living." He was an early friend of the tem perance cause ; a vice-pres. of the Bible Society and of the Tract Society ; and a man of much 953 benevolence. Author of " Rules and Orders N. Y. Ct. of Chancery," 8vo, 1829 ; " Hyde Genealogy," 2 vols. 8yo, 1864. Wangenheim, FREDERIC ADAM JULES DE, botanist, b. in the duchy of Saxe-Gotha, 1 747 ; d. Gurabinnen, Eastern Prussia, Mar. 25, 1800. During the American war he served in the British army as capt. of Hessian chasseurs 1778-83, and on his return he was sent to Gum- binnen to organize the dept. of rivers and forests in Eastern Prussia. While in N. Amer. he had studied the botany of its forests ; and he succeeded in transplanting into Germany the different kinds of trees and shrubs produced in this part of the new world. He pub. " Descrip tion de quelques Especes d Arbres qui croissent dans I Ame rique Sept.," &c., Gottingen, 1781, in 8vo; " Supplement a la Science Forestiere en Allemagne appliquee a la Transplantation des Especes d Arbres que produit I Ame rique Sept.," Gottin- geu, 1787, in folio; "Description de Differentes Especes de Bois qui croissent dans I Ame riqiie Sept.," 1788; and some pieces in the Memoirs of the Natural-History Society of Berlin. Wansey, HENRY, author of "A Tour in the U.S. in 1794," and other works ; d. War- minster, Eng., July 19, 1827, a. 75. He was a Wiltshire clothier. Wanton, JOSEPH, gov. of R.I. 1769-75, b. Newport, R.I. ; d. there July 19, 1780, a. 75. Son of WILLIAM, gov. R.I. 1732-4, who d. Newport, May 9, 1737, a. 57. He acquired wealth as a merchant. Having in 1773 ac cepted an app. to inquire into the affair of the "Gaspe ," he was looked upon by the people with distrust, and regarded as a loyalist. JOHN, gov. R.I. 1734-41, was several years previously assist, and lieut.-gov., d. July 11, 1741, a. 68. GIDEON, gov. R.I. 1745-47, pre viously treasurer, d. Newport, Sept. 12, 1767, a. 74. Warburton, MAJ. GEORGE, some time a resident of Canada, subsequently M.P. for Harwich; d. by his own hand, 1857. Bro. of Eliot the author. Maj. W. has pub. " Hoche- laga, or England in the New World," 1846; " The Conquest of Canada," 2 vols. 8vo, 1849, &c. Mibone. Ward, AARON, lawyer and politician, b. Sing Sing, N.Y., 5 July, 1790 ; d. Georgetown, D.C., 27 Feb. 1867. Educated at Mt. Pleasant Acad., and adm. to the Westchester-Co. bar. He served in the war of 1812-15, and was a capt. U.S.A. ; afterward maj.-gen. of militia ; dist.-atty. of Westchester Co.; M.C. 1825-9, 1831-7, and 1841-3. Author of "Around the Pyramids," &c., 12mo, 1863. Ward, ANDREW HENSHAW, author, b. Shrewsbury, Ms., May 26, 1784; d. Nevvton- ville, Ms., Feb. 18, 1864. H.U. 1808. Adm. to the Northampton bar in 1811, and practised in his native town ; was many years a customs- officer at Boston ; member of the Const. Conv. of 1853 ; member of the N.E. Hist. Geneal. Society, contributing to its quarterly Register. Author of a " History of Shrewsbury," 1847, and Genealogies of the Ward and Rice fami lies. Ward, ARTEMAS, first rnaj.-gen. Revol. army, b. Shrewsbury, Nov. 27, 1727; d. there Oct. 27, 1800. H.U. 1748. At the age of 25 he was a justice of the peace; in 1755 a major in Col. Abr. Williams s regt. ; and in 1758 was major in the regt. com. by William Williams. He accornp. the exped. under Gen. Abercrombie, from which he re turned with the rank of lieut.-col. Succeeding to the com. of the 3d Regt., he also represented his native town in the legisl., where he took an active part in the controversies that preceded the Revolution between the colonial govs. and the h. of representatives. Oct. 27, 1774, he was app. by the Provincial Congress, in which he was a delegate, a general officer ; and on the 19th of May following, com.-in-chief, in which capacity he acted, com. the army which began the siege of Boston, until the arrival of Wash ington in July, when he was assigned to com. the right wing of the army stationed in Rox- bury. Congress chose him first maj.-gen. June 17, 1775 ; but he resigned in April, 1776, from ill-health, though, at the request of Washington, he continued in service till the close of the year. Chief justice of the C.C.P. for Worcester Co. in 1776 ; in 1777 he was elected to the ex. council, and, by the council, pres. of that board ; and in 1779 was app. a delegate to Congress, but was prevented by ill-health from taking a seat in that body. He was 16 years a represen tative in the legisl., and in 1785 speaker of the house. M.C. in 1791-5. He was a man of incorruptible integrity, and of fixed and un yielding principles. His son ARTEMAS, LL.D. (H.U. 1842-5), M.C. 1813-17, chief justice C.C.P. 1820-39, and an eminent lawyer, b. 9 Jan. 1762, d. Boston 7 Oct. 1847; H.U. 1783. He practised law in Boston after 1809, and was frequently a member of the legisl. and of the council. Ward, FREDERICK TOWNSHEND, admiral- rn. in the service of the emperor of China, Salem, Ms., Nov. 1831 ; killed Oct. 7, 1862, during an engagement near Ningpo between the rebel Taepings and the European allied army. He was educated at the Salem High School, and was a lieut. in the French service during the Crimean war ; had seen service in Mexico, and under the filibuster Walker. Ho trained the Chinese into good soldiers, and at their head won many victories. Ward, HENRY, sec. of R.I. from 1760 to his d. Dec. 1797 ; was, with his bro. Samuel a principal advocate and supporter of the Revol. in that State. He was a member of the Con gress which met in N.Y. 1765, and a member of the com. of corresp. during the Revol. The office of sec. was held by the father and two of his sons for 70 years. Ward, JAMES HARMAN, commander U.S.N., son of Col. James of Hartford, Ct., b. there 1806; killed in an attack on Matthias Point, Va., June 27, 1861. Educated at the Norwich Milit. Acad., and at Trin. Coll., Hart- ford. March 4, 1823, app. midshipm. ; lieut. Mar. 3, 1831 ; and com. Sept. 9, 1858. While serving on the coast of Africa, he compiled his " Manual of Naval Tactics," pub. in 1858. In 1842-3 he delivered in Phila. a popular course of lectures on Gunnery. He urged the estab lishment of a naval school ; was app. a prof, of that organized, and lectured on " Naval Ord nance and Gunnery," subsequently pub. He 954 next pub. "Si earn for the Million." He was app. to command the Potomac flotilla, May 16, 1861. June 1 he attacked and silenced the bat teries at Aquia Creek ; June 26 he attacked a battery at Matthias Point, but was struck by a Minie-ball, and almost instantly killed. Ward, JAMES WARNER, b. Newark, N.J., 1818. Pub. iu 1838 " Yorick and Other Poems." He received a Franklin Medal at the Boston High School. Moved to the West, where he became a contrib. to periodicals, and in 1855 was associated with J. A. Warder in the West ern Hortic. Rev. Author of " Memoir of Mrs. H. L. Ward," 12mo, 1843 ; of some fine pieces of sacred music, and of many popular minor poems. One of the best parodies on "Hiawa tha " was from his pen. His " Mosquito Song " w::s highly commended. In 1859 Mr. Ward settled in N. Y. City. Ward, J. Q- A., sculptor, b. Urbana, O., June 20, 1 830. Passed his early life on a farm ; a pupil of H. K. Brown in 1850-6 ; spent two years in Washington, modelling busts ; and, after visiting Ga. and Ohio, took a studio in N. York in 1861, and in 1863 became an acade mician. Besides a large number of busts, he has executed medallions, studies for bass-reliefs, statues, and groups. Among his works are the "Freedman, "Indian Hunter," a monument to commemorate the discovery of sulphuric ether as an anaesthetic, a bronze statue of Com. M. C. Perry, and a statue of Shakspeare for the N. Y. Central Park. Tuckerman. Ward, NATHANIEL, clergyman and author, b. Havernill, Suffolk, Eng., ab. 1578; d. Shen- field, Essex, Eng., ab. 1652. Cambridge U. 1603. His father John, the "painful minis ter " of Haverhill, had three sons, Samuel, Na thaniel, and John, in the church, of whom, ac cording to Dr. Fuller in his " Worthies," peo ple used to say that all of them put together would not make up his abilities. Nathaniel was bred a lawyer ; travelled on the Continent with some merchants in Prussia and Denmark ; de voted himself to divinity ; and on his return be came rector of Stondon Marcy, Essex. He was connected with the Ms. Company in 1630; was brotight before Bishop Laud for nonconformity in 1631 ; was silenced in 1633 ; and arrived in N.E. in 1634. He immediately became pastor of the church at Agawam, or Ipswich, Rev. Thomas Parker being teacher. The latter hav ing removed to Newbury, John Norton became in 1636 the colleague of Ward, who resigned in Feb. 1637 from impaired health. He was the author of the "Body of Liberties," adopted in Dec. 1641. the first code of laws established in N. Eng. He preached the Ms. Election Ser mon, June 2, 1641. In 1645 he was chosen by the General Court a member of a committee for the county of Essex to draw up laws to be submitted to the next legislature. Ward returned to England at the close of 1646. His " Simple Cobler of Aggawam," a quaint politi co-religious tract, satirizing the affairs and man ners of the Colony and the fashionable ladies of the day, but levelled mainly at the condition of England, was pub. at London, Jan. 30, 1647. In 1648 he became the minister at Shcnfield, where he died. He was a celebrated wit, and was something of a poet, having written in 1648 a humorous satirical address to the London tradesmen turned preachers, entitled " Mercu- rius Anti-Mechanicus, or the Simple Cobler s Boy," &c. His "Simple Cobler" was re printed at Boston in 1713 and 1843, and at Washington in 1844. Besides several tracts attributed to him, he pub. "A Sermon before the House of Commons, June 30, 1647 ; " "A Religious Retreat sounded to a Religious Ar my," 1647; "The Humble Petitions, Serioufc Suggestions, and Dutiful Expostulations, of some Freeholders of the Easterne Association, to the High and Hon. Parliament of Eng.," 1648 ; and " Discoliiminum," a reply to " Bounds and Bonds," 1650. His son JOHN (b. Haverhill, Eng., 5 Nov. 1606, d. Haverhill, Ms., 27 Dec. 1693, Camb.U. 1630) was minister of Haverhiil, Ms., from 1645 to his death, 27 Dec. 1693. See Memoir by John Ward Dean, 8vo, 1868. Ward, SAMUEL, statesman, b. Newport, R.I., May 27, 1725 ; d. Phila. March 26, 1776. His ancestors, one of whom was an officer in Cromwell s army, were among the first settlers of R.I. Richard his father, gov. of R.I. in 1741 and 42, was sec. in 1714-33. Samuel was brought up a farmer, and man of business for his father, acquired a competency, and set tled in Westerly. Member of the Gen. Assem bly 1756-9, chief justice 1761, and gov. in 1762 and 1765-7. He was one of the originators of R.I. Coll., now known as Brown U. He was an active patriot; chairman of the Westerly com. of corresp. With Stephen Hopkins, he was app. a delegate to the First Congress in Phila. in Sept. 1774 ; and was also a member of that body in 1775, in which he usually presided when in com. of the whole, and was a member of im portant committees. See Life, by Gammell, in Sparks s Amer. Biog., vol. 19. His son Col. SAMUEL, a brave Revol. officer, b. 17 Nov. 1756, d. N.Y. City, 16 Aug. 1832. Brown U. 1771. He participated in Arnold s exped. to Quebec, in the defence of Red Bank, and in the engagements in R.I., and at Springfield, N. J. Afterward a merchant in New York. group of poems touching that river; "Flora," a pastoral opera; and " War Lyrics," 1865. Warden, DAVID BAILIE, M.D. (N.Y. Med. Coll.), b. Ireland, 1778 ; d. while Ameri can consul at Paris, Oct. 9, 1 845. He was clas sically educated, and was disting. for his scien tific attainments and varied learning. He was app. sec. of legation to Gen. Armstrong, min ister to France, and was subsequently app. con sul at Paris, in which station he continued 40 years; and a member of the French Acad. He pub. an " Account of the U.S.," 3 vols. 8vo, 1819; the same in French, at Paris; "On Consular Establishments," 1813; " Bibitotheca A)iiericana," 1831 ; "Bib. America Septent." Paris, 1820; "Description of the Dist. of Co lumbia/; 8vo, 1816 ; " Hist, of the Silk Bill," 8vo, Phila. 1837; "Inquiry concerning the In tellectual and Moral Faculties and Literature of the Negroes," 1810; Recherchts snr les An tiquities dt I Amerif/ne Septentrionale. Warder, JOHN A., M.D., prof, of ehem. in Ohio Med. Coll., b. Phila, 1813; removed tc 955 Ohio 1830. Author of "Hedge Manual," 1858; "American Pomology," 1867. Edit. Botan. Mag. and Hartic. Rev. Contributor to scientific periodicals. Allibone. Ware, ASHUR, LL.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1837), judge, b. Sherburne, Ms., Feb. 10, 1782. H.U. 1804; was tutor there 1807-11 ; prof, of Greek 1811-15. Attorney at law in Boston in 1816, and editor of the Boston Yankee. He removed to Portland in 1817, and from 1822 to 1866 was judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of Me. He was first sec. of state for Me. in 1820. In 1839 he pub. " Reports of Cases U.S. District Court of Me. 1822-39." He delivered an oration, July 4, 1816, before the Washington Society; an other, July 4, 1817, in Portland. He contrib. to Bouvier s " Law Dictionary " articles on Admiralty Jurisdiction, &c. ; d. Portland, Me., Sept. 10, 1873. Ware, CATHARINE AUGUSTA, poet, b. Quincy, Ms., 1797; d. Paris 1843. Dau. of Dr. llhodes, and in 1819 in. Charles A. Ware of the navy. Author of a vol. entitled " Power of the Passions, and Other Poems," London, 1842. She wrote occasional poems for the pa pers ; edited the Bower of Taste in Boston ; and went to Europe in 1839. She was a rela tive of Robert Treat Paine, and at 15 wrote some verses on his death. Duyckinck. Ware, HENRY, D.D. (H.U. 1806), Hollis professor of divinity in H.U. (1805-45), b. Sherburne, Ms., Apr. 1, 1764 ; d. Cambridge, July 12, 1845. H.U. 1785. His father being a farmer of small means, his opportunities for education were limited. As his health was feeble, his two eldest brothers (his father having died when he was 15 years old) assisted him to procure a collegiate education. Oct. 24, 1787, he was ord. over the First Church in Hing- ham, where he continued till chosen prof, in 1805. The situation was one of great respon sibility, on account of the controversies re specting it, which resulted in the separation of the Cong. Church of N.E. into the two sects called Unitarian and Orthodox. Among the writers on one side were Drs. Morse, Worcester, and Woods, and on the other Dr. Wm. E. Channing, Prof. Andrews Norton, and Prof. Ware himself, who about 1820 pub. his "Let ters addressed to Trinitarians and Calvinists," in answer to the Letters of the Rev. Dr. Woods. The latter replied ; and the discussion was con tinued by Dr. Ware in two other publications. In 1842 he pub. also one course of his aca demical lectures on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Ethics of Christianity, 2 vols. He was a man of pure tastes and simple manners, with a refined and highly-cultivated intellect, and a generous and affectionate heart. Ware, HENRY, Jun., D.D., clergyman, son of the preceding, b. Hingham, Ms., Apr. 21, 1794; d. Framingham, Ms., Sept. 22, 1843. H.U. 1812. He spent two years as assist, in structor at Phillips (Exeter) Acad. ; and was ord. pastor of the Second Unitarian Church in Boston, Jan. 1, 1817. He became the editor of the Christian Disciple, an organ of the Uni tarian denomination, which afterward became the Christian Examiner; and took an active part in all the public associations of his de nomination, In 1829-42 he was prof, of pul pit eloquence, and the pastoral care at H.U. ; and in the summer of 1830 he visited different parts of Europe. In 1824 he delivered a poem, entitled " A Vision of Liberty," before the Phi Beta Kappa of Cambridge. Author of " Poem on the Celeb, of Peace," 1815 ; " Hints on Externp. Preaching," 1824 ; " Recollections of Jotham Anderson; " on the "Formation of Christian Character," 1831; "Feast of the Tabernacle," a poem, 1837; "Life of the Sa viour," 1832; "Memoir of Rev. Dr. Parker," 1834 ; a " Selection from the Writings of Dr. Priestley," 1835. A selection of his writings was pub. by Rev. Chandler Robbins, 4 vols. 1846; a Memoir by his bro. John Ware, M.D., appeared in 1846, 2 vols. His wife, MARY L. WARE, a woman of great elevation of mind and active benevolence, d. April, 1849. Ware, JOHN, M.D. (H.U. 1816), bro. of the preceding, physician and author, b. Hing ham, Ms., Dec. 19, 1795; d. Boston, Apr. 29, 1864. H.U. 1813. He began to practise in Duxbury, Ms., and in 1817 removed to Boston. From 1832 to 1858 he was prof, of the theory and practice of medicine in the medical dept. of H.U. ; several years pres. of the Ms. Med. Soc., and also a member of the Am. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. He pub. medical lectures and discourses ; essays on " Croup," on " De lirium Tremens," and on " Hemoptysis ; " a vol. on the " Philosophy of Natural History ; " a " Memoir of H. Ware, Jun.," 1846 ; " Hints to Young Men," 1850; " Success in the Medi cal Profession," &c., 1851. His wife, MARY GREENE, dau. of Mr. Chandler, b. Petersham, 1818, is author of "Elements of Character," 1854; "Thoughts in My Garden," 1862; " Death and Life," 1864. Ware, WILLIAM, clergyman and author, b. Hingham, Ms., Aug. 3, 1797 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., Feb. 19, 1852. H.U. 1816; Camb. Theol. School, 1819. Son of Rev. Henry. He com menced preaching at Northborough ; was set tled successively in Brooklyn, Ct., and Bur lington, Vt. ; and from Dec. 18, 1821, to Oct. 19, 1836, was minister of the First Cong. Church in N.Y. ; from June, 1837, to Apr. 1838, he was settled over the 2d Cong. Church in Wal- tham, Ms.; and in Dec. 1843 was settled at West Cambridge, but ill-health soon obliged him to give up preaching. He contrib. to the Knickerbocker Mag. " Letters from Palmyra," pub. in 2 vols. in 1837, better known under the present title of " Zenobia." A sequel to this work, now known as "Aurelian," appeared in 1838 with the title of " Probus." Remov ing to Cambridge in 1839, he for several years edited the Christian Examiner. " Julian " was pub. in 2 vols. in 1841 ; "American Unitarian Biography," 2 vols. 8vo, 1850; Memoir of Nath. Bacon, in Sparks s " Amer. Biog.," vol. 13. In 1848 he travelled one year in Europe; pub. after his return " Sketches of European Capitals," 1851 ; " Lectures on the Works and Genius of Washington Allston," 12mo, 1852; and was a frequent contributor to the Chris tian Examiner and other Unitarian periodi cals. Warfield, CATHARINE ANNE, poet, b, Washington, Mpi., 1817. Her father, Major Nath. A. Ware, was sec. of Mpi. Terr., and a 956 political economist ; author of " Views of the Federal Constitution." Her maternal grand father was Capt. Charles Percy of the British navy. Educated with her sister in Phila. She was m. in 1833 to Elisha Warfield of Lexing ton, Ky., whence in 1857 they removed to a farm near Louisville, Ky. In 1843 was pub. " The Wife of Leon, and Other Poems, by Two Sisters of the West;" and in 1846 the sisters pub. a new collection, entitled " The Indian Chamber, and Other Poems." Her "Household of Bouverie," a novel, appeared in 1862 ; " Ro mance of the Green Seal, 1867 ; d. June 1, 77. Warham, JOHN, first minister of Wind sor, Ct., from Sept. 1636 till his death, Apr. 1, 1670. He was an eminent minister at Exeter, Eng., when the church which was gathered at Plymouth, and about to emigrate to America, of which Mr. John Maverick was pastor, se cured him as teacher. They arrived May 30, 1630, and in June began a settlement at Dor chester. In 1635 this church removed to Wind sor, where Mr. W. joined them the next year, Mr. Maverick having died. Warner, SUSAN, novelist, b. N.Y. 1818, dau. of Henry W. Warner of the N. York bar, who resides on Constitution Island, near West Point. Pub. in 1849 " The Wide, Wide World," a story of domestic life; " Queechy," 1852; " The Law and the Testimony," 1853, a theol. work of research and merit ; a prize essay on the Duties of American Women ; " The Hills of Shatemuck," 1856, containing sketches of scenery near her residence ; a vol. of " Lyrics from the Wide, Wide World ;" " The Golden Ladder," 1862; "The Old Helmet," 1863. She has written under the nom de plume "Eliza beth Wetherell." Her sister ANNA B. WAR NER is the author of " Dollars and Cents," a novel, 1853; " My Brother s Keeper," 2 vols. 1855 ; and of a series of juvenile tales. " Say and Seal," the joint production of the sisters, app. in 2 vols. in 1860. Warner, COL. SETH, Revol. officer, b. Roxbury, Ct., May 17, 1743 ; d. there Dec. 26, 1784. He was early disting. by his energy, sound judgment, and manly and noble bear ing. In 1765, with his father Dr. Benj. War ner, he removed to Bennington, in the New- Hampshire grants. During the dispute be tween N.Y. and the inhabitants of the " grants," over whom it claimed jurisdiction, Ethan Al len and Seth Warner were the leaders and champions of the people. They were outlawed by the State of N.Y. ; and a reward was offered for the arrest of either. As second in com. he participated in the capture of Ticonderoga, and on the following day he took the important post of Crown Point, with its garrison and 113 cannon. Chosen col. July 27, 1775 ; in Sept. he was at the siege of St. John s under Mont gomery, and defeated Gen. Carleton in the at tempt for its relief. During the retreat of the Americans to Ticonderoga in May, 1776, War ner rendered valuable service. When Ticon deroga was evacuated on the night of July 4, 1777, the main body of the army took the road through Hubbardton and Castleton. At the former place the rear-guard was put under the com. of Warner, who was attacked by Fraser, July 7, and, after a severely-contested fight, was compelled to retreat. At the battle of Bennington, Warner s regiment arrived at the scene of action in season to repel and defeat the re-enforcement of the enemy under Bray- man, and to share in the glory of that exploit. He remained in the service until 1782, when his constitution, though naturally strong and vigorous, gave way under the fatigue and hard ships of the service, and he returned with his family to Roxbury. Seth Warner was over six feet in height, erect and well-proportioned. A Memoir by Daniel Chipman was pub. at Middlebury, 1848. Warren, GOUVERNEUR KEMBLE, brevet maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Cold Spring, N.Y., 1830. West Point, 1850. Entering the topog. engrs., he was made 1st lieut. 1 July, 1856 ; capt. 9 Sept. 1861; capt. engr. corps 3 Mar. 1863; maj. 25 June, 1864 ; lieut.-col. 5th N.Y. Vols. 14 May, 186J; col. 31 Aug. 1861; brig.-gen. 26 Sept. 1862; maj.-gen. 3 May, 1863. He was engaged in surveys of the western Terrs, until 1859; was assist, prof, of math. 1859-61, at West Point; com. a brigade in Peninsular campaign, and brev. lieut.-col. 27 June, 1862, for Gaines s Mill, where he was wounded ; en gaged in battles of Manassas, Antietarn, and Fredericksburg ; chief topog. engr. Army of Potomac from 4 Feb. 1863 ; engaged at Chan- cellorsville ; brev. col. 4 July, 1863, for Gettys burg, where he was wounded ; in temporary com. 2d corps, Aug. 1863 to Mar. 1864; and in com. at the combats of Auburn and Bristoe Station, 14 Oct. 1863 ; com. 5th corps, March, 1864, to Apr. 1, 1865, in Richmond campaign; and engaged at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, siege of Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, and Five Forks; brev. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for Bristoe Station, and for gallant and merit, services during the Rebellion. Au thor of Explorations in the Dakotah Country in 1855; of the Country between the Missouri and Platte Rivers, 1857 ; in Nebraska and Da kotah, 1856-7; Pacific-Railroad Reports, part of vol. i., all of vol. ii. ; "Battle of Five Forks," 1866. Outturn. Warren, GEN. JAMES, Revol. patriot of Ms., b. Plymouth, Sept. 28, 1726; d. there Nov. 27, 1808. H.U. 1745. Many years a merchant. In 1757 the decease of his father left him a handsome patrimonial estate, which had descended from Richard, one of the first settlers of Plymouth in 1620. Succeeding his father as high sheriff, he retained the office till the commencement of the war. Chosen a member of the Gen. Court in May, 1 766, he disting. himself in maintaining the rights of the Colonies. After the death of Gen. Joseph Warren, he was app. pres. of the Prov. Con gress; and in 1775, while the army was at Cam bridge, was made paym.-gen., but resigned the office on its removal to New York. He was afterwards app. maj.-gen. of the militia. After the adoption of the constitution of Ms., he was several years speaker of the house of represen tatives, and, refusing the offices of lieut.-gov. and judge of the Sup. Court, held a seat at the navy board. Husband of Mercy Warren the historian. Warren, JOHN, M.D., a disting. physician, WAJR, 957 b. Roxbury, Ms., July 27, 1753; d. Boston, Apr. 4, 1815. H.U. 1771. His ancestors set tled in Boston in 1720. After studying medi cine two years with his bro. Joseph (afterwards Gen. Warren), he settled in Salem, where he soon had an extensive practice. On the day of the battle of Bunker s Hill, his anxiety on account of his bro. led him to attempt to pass a sentry, who inflicted a bayonet-wound, the scar of which he bore through life. He ad ministered to those wounded in that battle, and was soon after app. hospital-surgeon. In 1776 he accomp. the army to N.Y. and N. J. ; served at Trenton and Princeton; and from 1777 to the close of the war was superintending sur geon of the military hospitals in Boston. He was for nearly 40 years the most eminent sur geon in N.E. He gave a course of dissections to his colleagues in 1780 ; and in 1783 became prof, of anatomy and surgery in the newly-es tablished medical school at Cambridge. Pres. of the Ms. Med. Soc. from 1804 till his death, and was also pres. of the Agric. and Humane Societies. An instance of the energy of his character is found in his preparing a course of lectures on anatomy without hooks, without an instructor, and without a model. He deliv ered several public addresses, and in 1783 be gan the series of 4th-of-July orations at Bos ton, ever since continued. In 1777 he m. the dau. of Gov. Collins of R.I. He pub. a " Dis sertation on the Mercurial Practice in Febrile Diseases : " an address to the lodges of Free masons, of which he was grand-master; and contrib. many articles to the Journal of Medi cine and Surgery, the " Memoirs " of the Amer. Acad., and the " Communications" of the Ms. Med. Society. Warren, JOHN COLLINS, M.D., an eminent surgeon and medical writer, b. Boston, 1 Aug. 1778; d. there 4 May, 1856. H.U. 1797. Son of the preceding. He studied medicine with his father, and in the hospitals of London and Paris; began practice at Boston in 1802, and soon took the lead in his profession. Assistant prof, of anatomy and surgery H.U. 1806-15, full prof. 1815-47, and emeritus prof. 1847-56. One of the founders of the Ms. Gen. Hospital in 1820, and principal surgeon in daily attend ance until his death ; also a founder of the McLean Asylum for the Insane; pres. Ms. Med. Soc. 1832-6 ; pres. of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist, at the time of his death ; and a mem ber of the principal scientific bodies in America and Europe. Chiefly instrumental in found ing, and from 1828 assoc. editor of, the Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. In 1846 he was the first to use ether in a surgical operation ; and his sanction aided its general introduction. He devoted much of his later life to the natural sciences. His collection of specimens in com parative anatomy, osteology, and paleontology, was large, and included the most perfect mas todon known to exist. By his will he ordered that his body be given for examination to the officers of the Medical College, and that the skeleton should be deposited in its museum. An ardent friend of temperance, and many years pres. of the Ms. Temperance Soc. Besides contribs. to med. and scient. journals, he pub. " Diseases of the Heart," 1809 ; " Comparative View of the Sensorial System," 1820; "Ac count of the Boston Med. School and Ms. Gen. Hospital," 1824; "Dislocation of the Hip- Joint," 1826; "Description of the Siamese Twins," 1829; "Observations on Tumors," 1837; " Etherization," 1848; " Descript. of an Egyptian Mummy," 1821; "Alcohol in the Prep, of Medicine," 1849; "The Preservation of Health," 1854; "Fossil Sandstone Rocks of Ct. River," 1854 ; " Genealogy of the War ren Family," 1855 ; " Mastodon Giyanteus," 1 855. See his Life, with Autob. and Journals, by Edward Warren, 2 vols. 1860. His son JONA THAN MASON, M.D., b. Boston, 1810, d. there 19 Aug. 1867; H.U. 1832. Author of numer ous monographs on special subjects; the latest of them, " Surgical Observations, with Cases and Operations," 1867, was finely illustrated. Warren, GEN. JOSEPH, physician and patriot, b. Roxbury, Ms., June 11, 1741 ; killed at Bunker s Hill, June 17, 1775. H.U. 1759. His father, a respectable farmer, held severa/. municipal offices in Roxbury. He studied medicine under Dr. Lloyd ; commenced prac tice in Boston in 1762, and, by his successful treatment of the smallpox in 1764, attained high rank among his brethren. His political sentiments were somewhat in advance of pub lic opinion ; for he held as tyranny all taxation which could be imposed by the British parlia ment upon the Colonies. " In him the people found not only the firmness and decision they wished for in a leader, but prudence and wari ness in all his plans. He met frequently with a considerable number of substantial mechanics, and others in the middling-classes of society, who were busy in politics, and was constantly enlightening the people by his pen. He was twice chosen to deliver the oration on the 5th of March, in commemoration of the "Massa cre." The second of these was delivered Mar. 6, 1775, in the " Old South" meeting-house, and in defiance of the threats of the British officers, that it would be at the price of the life of any man to speak on that anniversary. In 1772 he became a member of the com. of cor- resp. ; in the autumn of 1774 he was elected a delegate to the Ms. Congress, over which he presided after the departure of Hancock; and was also chairman of the com. of public safety, to whom the executive power was intrusted. He was thus the virtual head of the new com monwealth. Having discovered the design of seizing our stores at Concord, he despatched messengers to Hancock and Adams at Lexing ton to warn them of their danger. Hastening to the field of action on the next day, he shared the dangers of the opening battle of the Revo lution, a musket-ball taking off a lock of his hair close to his ear. June 14, 1775, the Prov. Congress of Ms. made him a major-gen. He had previously been unceasing in his exertions to maintain order and enforce discipline amongst the troops which had hastily assem bled after the battle of Lexington. He opposed the project of occupying Charlestown Heights, on the ground of want of ammunition sufficient to resist the attack of the British troops. When the step was determined on, he, however, re solved to share in its dangers. Arriving at the intrenchments on Breed s Hill just as the enemy 968 were preparing to advance, Col. Prescott de- sirea to act under his directions ; but Warren declined taking any other part than that of a volunteer. During the retreat he was one of the last who left the redoubt, near which he fell as he was slowly retiring. A granite shaft, 216 feet in height, marks the spot sprin kled by the blood of the first Revol. martyr of rank. His eldest son was educated at the public expense. His Life, by A. H. Everett, is in Sparks s "Amer. Biog." Another, by R. Frothingham, was published 8vo, Boston, 1865. Warren, MERCY, authoress, b. Barnsta- ble, Sept. 25 (N.S.), 1728 ; d. Plymouth, Oct. 19, 1814. A sister of the patriot James Otis, and ab. 1754 became the wife of Gen. James Warren. She had an active as well as power ful mind, and corresp. with some of the lead ing statesmen of the times. She wrote several satirical pieces, poetical and dramatic ; a forci ble poetical satire in the form of a drama, called the " Group ; " the " Adulator ; " two tragedies, of five acts each, called the " Sack of Rome " and the " Ladies of Castile." These productions, written during the war, and pub. in 1778, are full of patriotic feeling and heroic sentiment. Her Poems, dramatic and miscel laneous, were pub. in 1790. In 1805 she pub. her History of the Revol. War, 3 vols. 8vo. Warren, SIR PETER, an English admiral, b. Ireland, 1703 ; d, there July 29, 1752. Enter ing the navy in 1727, he rose to the rank of com modore, which he held in 1 745, when app. com. of an armament destined to attack Louisburg, then belonging to the French. He joined the fleet of transports with the land-forces under Gen Pepperrell from Boston, in Casco Bay, 25 Apr. ; and, being joined by several other ships of war from Eng., he took possession of Louis- burg on the 1 7th of June. Made a rear-admiral Aug. 8, 1745, and with Anson defeated the squadron of De Jonquiere off Cape Finisterre in 1747, capturing the greater portion of it. He m. Susan, eldest dau. of Stephen De Lancey of N. Y., and was the owner of a valuable estate in the Mohawk Valley, which he placed in charge of his nephew Wm. (afterwards Sir Wm.) Johnson. Warren, MR. and MRS. WILLIAM, ac tors. Mr. W. was b. Bath, Eng., May 10, 1767; d. Washington, B.C., Oct. 19, *1832. Made his dtfbut at 17 as Young Norval; at Baltimore in 1796; and at the Chestnut-st., Phila., Nov. 5, 1796, as Friar Lawrence in " Romeo and Juliet; " afterward manager of the Chestnut-st., where he last app. Nov. 25, 1829. His wife ANNE BRUNTON, afterward Mrs. Mer ry and Mrs. Wignell, b. Bristol, Eng., 1770. M. Wm. Warren Jan. 1, 1803 ; d. Alexandria, June 28, 1808; made her debut in Nov. 1785 as Euphrasia, in " The Grecian Daughter," in Bristol. M. Robert Merry in 1792 ; made her dbut Dec. 5, 1796, at the Chestnut-st., Phila., as Juliet, and was one of the best actresses of her time. WILLIAM, Jun., son of Wm., and one of t le best comedians on the American stage (b. Phila. Nov. 17, 1812), first app. at the Arch-st., Phila., Oct. 27, 1832, as Young Nor val ; at the Park, N.Y., in 1841, as Gregory Grizzle ; at the Strand, Lomkn, in 1845 ; and Aug. 23, 1847, as Billy Lackaday, at the Bos ton Museum, where he has ever since been a great favorite. Warriner, REV. FRANCIS, Cong, clergy man and author, b. Springfield, Ms., 1805 ; d. Chester, Ms., 22 Apr. 1866. Amh. Coll. 1830. Teacher of math, and navigation on the frig ate "Potomac," 1831-4, in the Indian Archi pelago ; he pub. on her return " The Cruise of the Potomac," 12mo, 1835. He studied theology at N. Haven and New York ; pastor at Chester, Oct. 1841-8 and 1859-65, and of Waterford, Vt., 1848-59. Warrington, LEWIS, com. U.S.N., b. Williamsburg, Va., 3 Nov. 1782 ; d. Washing ton, D.C., 12 Oct. 1851. Wm.and Mary Coil. 1798. Midshipman 6 Jan. 1800; lieut. 7 Feb. 1807; master com. 24 July, 1813; capt. 22 Nov. 1814; a navy commiss. 1827-30 and 1840-2; chief of bureau of ordn, and hydrog. from Sept. 1842 to his d. He was attached to " The Chesapeake " at the date of her en counter with the British frigate " Leopard," 20 June, 1807. 29 Apr. 1814, in the sloop "Pea cock" (18 guns), he captured off Cape Canav eral, Florida, after an action of 42 minutes, the British sloop of war "Epervier," Capt. Wales, of about equal force. For this achieve ment Congress voted him a gold medal. 30 June, 1815, he captured in the Strait of Sun- da the E. I. Co. s cruiser " Nautilus ; " but, peace having previously been declared, she was restored. He afterwards com. a squadron on the W. I. station. Washburne, GEN. CADWALLADER COL- DEN, b. Livermore, Me., April 22, 1818. Son of Israel, and bro. of Israel, jun., and E. B. Washburne. Originally a land-surveyor. In 1 839 he went to 111. ; settled as a lawyer at Mineral Point, Wis. ; and in 1859 removed to La Crosse. M.C. in 1856-62; delegate to the Peace Congress in 1861 ; raised a regt. of cav alry in 1861, of which he became col. ; July 16, 1862, became brig.-gen. ; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862. In Dec. 1861 he conducted a success ful exped. from Helena, Ark., into the interior of Mpi. In the operations around Vicksburg in the campaign of 1 863, he com. the two divis ions of Gens. Smith and Kimball ; afterward served in La. under Gen. Banks. M.C. 1867- 71 ; chosen gov. of Wis. in Nov. 1871. Washburne, ELIHU BENJAMIN, minis ter to France (app. 1869), b. Livermore, Me., 23 Sept. 1816. Bro. of Cadwallader C., and Israel, jun. Served an apprenticeship in the office of the Kennehec Journal ; studied law at H.U. ; and settled in practice at Galena, 111. Whig M.C. 1853-5; and subsequently, until 1869, a prominent Republican in that body, in which he was chairman of the com. on com merce ( 1 857-65 ) . He has also the merit of hav ing procured Gen. Grant his app. of brig.-gen., and remained his fast friend during all the vicissitudes of his military career. The latter, on reaching the presidential chair, app. Wash burne sec. of state (Mar. 1869) ; but^he shortly after took the mission to France, which he now (1872) holds. Washburn, EMORY, LL.D. (H.U. and Wms. Coll. 1854), lawyer, b. Leicester, Ms., Feb. 14, 1800. Wms. Coll. 1817. He studied W.A.S 959 law; was adni. to the bar 1821 ; practised in Leicester 1821-8, and at Worcester 1828-56; member of the Gen. Court 1825-7 and 1838; was judge of C.C.P. in 1844-7; gov. of Ms. in 1854-5 ; prof, in the Camb. Law School since 1855. Besides addresses before agric. societies, temperance and other associations, he has pub. " The Part taken by the Inhabitants of Leices ter, Ms., in the Events of the Revol.," 1849 ; " Address at the Social Festival of the Bar of Worcester County, Feb. 7, 1856 ; " " Histori cal Sketches of the Town of Leicester, Ms.," 1860; " Sketches of the Judicial History of Ms., 1630-1775," 8vo, 1840 ; " Address at the Cele bration of the 200th Anniv. of the Incorpora tion of Bridgewater, Ms., June 3, 1856;" " Law of Easements and Servitudes," 8vo, 1863; " Professional Training, a Lecture," 8vo, 1861. His most important work is " A Treatise on the American Law of Real Property," 2 vols. 8vo, 1860-2, 3d ed. 3 vols. 1868. Member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, Antiq. Society of Worcester, N.E. Hist. Geneal. Soc., and the Ms. Hist. Soc. ; d. Camb., Mar. 18, 77. Washburn, ISRAEL, gov. Me. 1861-3, b. Livermore, Me., 6 June, 1813. Bro. of C. C. and E. B. Washburne. He studied law; was adm. to the bar in 1834 ; and has practised at Orono, Penobscot Co., with success. Mem ber Me. legisl. 1842; M.C. 1851-61; app. coll. of Portland 1863. Washburn, PETER THACHER, jurist, b. Lynn, Ms., 7 Sept. 1814; d. 7 Feb. 1870. Dartm. Coll. 1835. He studied at the Camb. Law School ; practised at Ludlow, Vt., 1 839-44, afterward at Woodstock ; 8 years reporter Vt. Sup. Court; adj. and insp.-gen. of Vt. 1861-6 ; gov. of Vt. from Oct. 1869 to his death. Author of Reports of Sup. Ct. of Vt., vols. 17-23, and of Digest; the first 15 vols. Vt. Reports, 8vo, 1845 ; of Reports of vols. 16-22, &c., 8vo, 1852. Washburn, WILLIAM BARRETT, gov. of Ms. in 1872, b. Winchendon, Ms., 31 Jan. 1820. Y.C. 1844. A manufacturer. Member Ms. house 1850; senate 1854; subsequently pres. Greenfield Bank; M.C. 1863-71. Washington, BUSHROD, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1803), jurist, b. Westmoreland Co., Va., June 5, 1762 ; d. Phila. Nov. 26, 1829. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1778. He was the favorite nephew of the President. Studied law with James Wilson of Phila., and commenced prac tice with great success in his native county. He served as a private soldier at Yorktown ; was a member of the Va. h. of delegates in 1787; and the next year was a member of the conv. to ratify the U.S. Constitution ; afterwards re moved to Alexandria, and thence to Richmond. Dec. 20, 1798, he was app. an assoc. justice of the U. S. Supreme Court ; first pres. of the Colonization Society. Author of Reports Ct. of Appeals, Va., 1790-6, 2 vols. 8vo, 1798-9 ; Reports U. S. Cir. Court, 3d circ., 1803-27; edited by R. Peters, 4 vols. 8vo, 1826-9. Washington, GEORGE, first pres. U.S., b. Bridge s Creek, Westmoreland Co., Va., 22 Feb. 1732; d. Mt. Vernon 14 Dec. 1799. Fourth son of Augustine. John his ancestor came to V.(. ab. 1657. Educated by a private tutor, and became a surveyor. Adj.-gen. 1751 ; sent on a mission to the French com. on the Ohio by Gov. Dinwiddie 31 Oct. 1753, return ing 16 Jan. 1754, after much suffering; app. lieut.-col. Mar. 1754; and 28 May captured a French detachment near Great Meadows, kill ing its com. Jumonville ; surrendered his com. at Fort Necessity to a superior French force 4 July, 1754; vol. aide to Gen. Braddock at the battle of the Monongahela 9 July, 1755 ; m. 6 Jan. 1759 to Martha, widow of John Parke Custis, and dau. of John Dandridge ; member of the h. of burgesses 1760-75 ; delegate to the first Congress, Sept. 1774, and to the second, May, 1775, by which (15 June) he was chosen com.-in-chief of the Amer. army on the nomi nation of John Adams, and "took com. at Cambridge 3 July. He forced the British to evacuate Boston (1 7 Mar. 1776); lost the battles of Brooklyn (27 Aug.), White Plains (28 Oct.) ; gained the victories of Trenton and Princeton (Dec. 26 and Jan. 3) ; was defeated at Brandy- wine (11 Sept. 1777) and at Germantown (4 Oct. 1777) ; fought an indecisive battle with Sir H. Clinton (28 June, 1778) at Monmouth, and, in conjunction with the French army of Rocham- beau and the fleet of De Grasse, captured the army of Cornwallisat Yorktown (19 Oct. 1781), virtually ending the war. Dec. 23, 1783, he resigned his com., and retired to Mt. Vernon. Pres. of the convention that formed the U.S. Constitution 1787 ; inaug. pres. of the U.S. at New York 30 Apr. 1789, and returned to private life on the exp. of his second term, 4 Mar. 1 797. In Sept. 1796 he pub. his Farewell Address. See Life and Corresp. by Sparks, 12 vols. 8vo ; Lives by Ramsay, Marshall, Bancroft, and Irving ; concerning pedigree, see Geneal. Reg., xxi. 25. Washington, COL. WILLIAM AUGUS TINE, a distinguished -cavalry-officer of the Revolution, b. Stafford Co., Va., 28 Feb. 1752 ; d. Charleston, S.C., 6 Mar. 1810. Designed for the church by his father Bailey Washington, a kinsman of Gen. W. His attainments as a scholar were respectable. A capt. under Mer cer in the Va. line, he disting. himself at Long Island, at Trenton (where he was severely wounded), and at Princeton. Major and then lieut.-col. of Baylor s dragoons, and present at its surprise by Gen. Grey at Tappan in 1778. He was active in com. of a light corps in the vicinity of Charleston, S.C., in 1779-80, and was worsted at Monk s Corner and at Laneau s Ferry; attached to the division of Gen. Morgan, he carried by stratagem the fort at Rugely s Mill, capturing a large force ; and for his valor at the Cowpens, where he had a personal en counter with Col. Tarleton, both being wound ed, received from. Congress a silver medal. He was active in Greene s celebrated retreat ; was conspicuous at Guilford ; behaved gallantly at Hobkirk s Hill, and also at Eutaw, where he was taken prisoner, remaining till the close of the war. He then m., and settled in Charleston, S.C., where he was a member of the legisl., but declined being a candidate for gov., as he could not make a speech. Upon Washington s app. as com. of the army by Pres. Adams, he selected Col. W. as one of his staff, with the rank of brig.-gen. Tall, strong, and active in person, he was taciturn and modest in deport ment, and exceedingly hospitable, generous, and benevolent. 960 Waterbury, DAVID, Jun., b. Stamford, Ct., Fob. 12, 1722; d. June 29, 1801. Major 3d Cr. Regt. in the French and Indian war ; raised a rcgt. early in 1775 ; July 3, 1775, was ord. to the North, and returned in Jan. 1776; app. brig.-gen. militia, June, 1 776 ; served in Northern army; Sept. 2, 1776, app. second to Arnold in the fleet on Lake Champlain ; and in the action Oct. 14 was taken prisoner. He was soon exchanged, but saw no active service afterward. He was a farmer, and served in the State legislature many years. Waterbury, JARED BELL, D.D., b. N.Y. City 1799. Y.C. 1822. Author of "Advice to a Young Christian," 1827 ; "The Brighter Age," a poem, 1830; "Remains of Mrs. Cath erine Winslow," 1851 ; "Sketches of (23) Elo quent Preachers," 1864; "Southern Planters and the Frcedmen," 1865; " Memoir of Rev. John Scuddcr, D.D.," 1870, &c. Allibone. Waterhouse, BENJAMIN, M.D., physi cian and author, b. Newport, R.I., 4 March, 1754; d. Cambridge, Ms., 2 Oct. 1846. U. of Ley den. Placed in 1775 in charge of Dr. Foth- ergill, a maternal relative, he studied in Lon don, Edinburgh, and Leyden. Prof, of the theo ry and practice of medicine in H.TJ. 1783-1812. Chosen in 1784 prof, of nat. hist, in Brown U., he delivered in Providence at that time the first course of lectures upon that science in Ameri ca. He introduced the study of mineralogy (then a novelty in the U.S.), obtained a valua ble collection of minerals from Dr. Lettsom, and procured the establishment of the botanic gardens. For 7 years he vindicated by his writings Dr. Jcuner s discovery of vaccination against ridicule and public prejudice. A prominent political friend of Jefferson, he was app. U.S. hospital-surgeon 29 June, 1813, and was post -surgeon in 1818-21. Author of "Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Medicine," 8vo, 1786; "Lectures on Natural History," 1810 ; " Tha Botanist," 1811 ; " Ora- tiolnaug" at H.U. 1783; on "Vitality," 1790; " Prospect of exterminating the Small-Pox," 1800 ; a work ascribing the authorship of " Ju- nius" to Lord Chatham, 1831 ; "Journal of a Young Man of Ms.," a novel, 1816. Member of numerous scientific bodies in the U.S. and Europe. His son JOHN FOTHERGILL, M.D., physician, naturalist, and orator, b. 1 Aug. 1791, d. Charleston. S.C., 18 May, 1817. Polyanthos, vol. ii. XVaterman, THOMAS WHITNEY, lawyer of N.Y. City, son of Thomas Glasby, lawyer (Y.C. 1803K b. Binghamton, N.Y., 1821. En tered Y.C. 1838; travelled in Europe 1842-4 ; adm. to the bar 1843. Author of "Treatise on Justices," 8vo, 1849; "Amer. Chancery Digest," 3d ed., 3 vols. 8vo, 1851 ; "Treatise on Justices for Wisconsin and Iowa," 8vo, 1853; "Treatise on New Trials," 2 vols. 8vo, 1855; "Digest of Ct. Sup. Court Reports," 8vo, 1858 ; " Treatise on the Law of Set-Off," &c., 8vo, 1869 ; and editor of Archbold, 7th ed. ; Caine s N.Y. Reports, 3d ed., 1854 ; and Hoffman s Chancery Reports, 1863. Allibone. Waterston, REV. ROBERT CASSIE, Unit, clergyman, b. Kenncbunk, Me., 1812. Studied 3 years at Cambridge; was ord. 1839 ; labored 5 years as minister at large ; ra. Anna C., dau. of Josiah Quincy ; and has had charge of ,^ev eral churches. Resides in Boston. Authoi of " Thoughts on Moral and Spiritual Cul ture," 12mo, 1842; "Arthur Lee and Tom Palmer; " "Address on Life and Char, of T. Shcrwin," 16 Feb., 1870, before High-school Assoc., Boston ; also addresses, discourses, po ems, &c. ; compiled a hymn-book; andcontrib. to many reviews, magazines, &c. Allibone. Waterton, CHARLES, English naturalist, b. ab. 1782; d. 1865. He visited S. America, and pub. in 1825 "Wanderings in S.America, the North-west of the U.S., and the Antilles." He also pub. "Essays on Natural History." Watkins, TOBIAS, M.D., physician and author, b. Md. 1780; d. Washington, D.C., Nov. 14, 1855. St. John s Coll. 1798; Phila. Med. Coll. 1802. He commenced practice at Havre de Grace, Md. ; was surgeon in the ar my during the Avar of 1812; assist, surgeon-gen. 1818-21 ; and fourth auditor of the treasury 1824-9. In 1809 he edited the Baltimore Med. and Physical Recorder. In 1816 he commenced with his brother-in-law Stephen Simpson, at Phila., the Portico. He also contrib. freely to the public press and to literary periodicals. Transl. Bichat s " Physiol. Researches " from the French, 8vo, 1809 ; and De Onis s "Memoir upon the Treaty of 1819," from the Spanish, 8vo, 1822. "Watmough, JOHN G., soldier and politi cian, b. on the Brandywine, Del., Dec. 6, 1793 ; d. Phila. Nov. 29, 1861. U. of Pa, and N. J. Coll. A lieut. of art. in the war of 1 812 ; he was wounded at Fort Erie; was aide to Gen. Gaines on the southern frontier in 1814- 16; resigned in 1816; M.C. from Pa. 1831-5; high sheriff of Phila. city and county in 1835 ; and surveyor of the port in 1841. Author of " Scribblings and Sketches," Phila. 8vo, 1844. Watson, SIR BROOK, an English baronet (Dec. 5, 1803), b. Plymouth, Eng., Feb. 7, 1735 ; d. Oct. 2, 1807. Early in life he entered the sea-service, but, while bathing in the harbor of Havana in 1749, a shark bit off his right leg below the knee, and he was obliged to quit his chosen profession. He then entered upon mercantile pursuits; in 1755 was commiss. with Col. Moncton at the siege of Beausejour, N.S. ; and in 1758 at Louisburg, having in charge Wolfe s division; in 1759 he settled as a merchant in London, and subsequently did business in Montreal. Visiting Ms., N.Y., and other Colonies, just before the Revol., he pro fessed himself a Whig ; but intercepted letters to Gen. Gage showed his true character to be that of a spy. When Lord North s bill to cut off the fisheries of N. Eng. was before parliament in 1775, he was examined by the house of com mons. In 1782 he was made commissary-gen, to his friend Sir Guy Carleton in America ; in 1784-93 was M.P.* from London; in 1785 sheriff of London and Middlesex ; lord-mayor in 1796; and, in reward of his services in America, parliament voted his wife an annuity of 500 for life. Made agent for the Colony of N. Brunswick in 1786; commiss.-geu. to the Duke of York in 1793-5; commiss.-gen. of Eng., March 1798-1806. Watson, ELKANAH, agriculturist, b. Plym outh, Ms., Jan. 22, 1758 ; d. Port Kent, N .Y.. W.A.T 961 Dec. 5, 1842. In Sept. 1773 he was appren ticed to John Brown of Providence, a celebrated merchant, who in 1775 sent him with l tons of powder to Washington s army at Cambridge, which was destitute of this necessary article. In 1777 he was sent to Charleston and other Southern ports with over $50,000 to be invested in cargoes for the European markets. His journal of this journey, subsequently pub., is the best account extant of the principal towns and villages of the Colonies at the time of the Revol. In Aug. 1779 he was bearer of de spatches from the Amer. govt. to Franklin at Paris, and opened a commercial house at Nantes. Here, after 3 years of success, he lost by the financial reverses of the period the bulk of his property. He next visited Eng. ; in 1784 went to Holland and Flanders, and re turned to Newport in Dec. ; in 1789 he went to Albany, where for 18 years he was an active promoter of public enterprises. After travel ling some years in Europe, he pub. while in London an account of his pioneer trip in West ern N.Y. Settled in 1807 in Pittsfield, Ms., and devoted himself to agriculture; founded the Berkshire Agric. Soc. ; returned in 1816 to Al bany, and organized the first agric. soc. in N.Y. ; visited Michigan, examined the Lake region, and explored the route to Montreal, with a view to its improvement, and connection with Boston and N.Y. In 1828 he removed to Port Kent, on Lake Champlain. Besides frequent contributions to periodicals, he pub. some pam phlets and vols. on agric. and economical topics ; "A Tour in Holland in 1784," in 1790; "A History of Agricultural Societies," 1820 ; " His tory of N.Y. Canals, 1788-1819." His Auto- biog. and Journals were pub. in 1855 by his son WINSLOW COSSOUL (b. Albany, 22 Dec. 1803), also author of " Gen. View of Essex Co. ; " "Treatise on Pract. Husbandry;" "Pioneer Hist, of Champlain Valley," 8vo, 1863 ; and a "Hist, of Essex Co.," 8vo, 1869. Watson, HENRY C., b. Bait. 1831 ; d. 1869, while editor of the Sacramento (Cal.) Union. He was early connected with the Phila. A T . American, Eve. Journal, &c. Author of "Camp-Fires of the Revolution," 8vo, 1851 ; "Nights in a Blockhouse," 8vo, 1852; "Old Bell of Independence," 1852; "Yankee Tea- Party," 1853; "Lives of the Presidents," 1853 ; " Heroic Women," 1853 ; " Ladies Glee- Books," 1854; "Masonic Musical Manual," 1 855 ; " Univ. Naval History ; " " Camp-Fires of Napoleon," 1856; "Romance of History," &c.Allibone. Watson, JAMES C., director of the Obser vatory at Ann Arbor, Mich., b. of Amer. parents in Elgin Co., Canada W., 1838. U. of Mich. 1857. Elected prof, of astron. there June, 1859. Author of "Popular Treatise on Comets," 1860; "Theoretical Astronomy," &c., 8vo, 1868. Contrib. to many scient. jour nals. He has discovered several new planets ; and in 1870 the French Acad. of Sciences awarded him the astronomical prize for his im portant discoveries. Watson, JOHN, M.D. (Coll. of Phy_s. and Surgs. 1832), physician and medical writer, b. Londonderry, Ireland, Apr. 16, 1807. His family came to the U.S. in 1810, and in 1818 61 settled in New York. In 1833 he was one of the physicians of the N.Y. Dispensary, of which he was in 1839-62 an attending surgeon. In 1836 he with Dr. H. D. Bulkley established an infirmary for cutaneous diseases, soon after organized as the Broome-street School of Med icine, in which he held the chair of surg. pa thology. He was instrumental in founding the N.Y. Med. and Surg. Soc., the Amer. Med. Assoc., and the N.Y. Acad. of Med., of which latter he was some years pres. He has contrib. to medical periodicals ; has pub. " Thermal Ventilation and other Sanitary Improvements Applicable to Public Buildings," 1851 ; " The Medical Profession in Ancient Times," 1856; " The Parish Will Case Critically Examined," 1857; and "The True Physician," I860. Appleton. Watson, JOHN FANNING, annalist, b. Burlington Co., N. J., June 13, 1779 ; d. Ger- mantown, Pa., Dec. 23, 1860. He entered a counting-house in Phila. ; left it for a clerkship in the war dept. in 1798; afterward established himself in N. Orleans, where in 1804 he was purveyor of subsistence to the army stationed there. Recalled to Phila. by the death of his father and a bro., he was many years a book seller there; in 1814-47 was cashier of the Bank of Germantown ; and afterward treas. of a railroad company. He pub. " Annals of Philadelphia," 1830, enlarged and improved in 1857-8; "Historic Tales of Olden Time," 1832, concerning N.Y. ; and a similar vol. on Phila., 1 833 ; " Annals and Occurrences of N. Y. City and State in the Olden Time," 1846. A Memoir by Dr. Benj. Dorr, read be fore the Phila. Hist. Soc. in Feb. 1 861, has been pub. Dm/ckinck. Watson, JOHN WATSON TADWELL, a British gen.; d. Calais, France, June, 1826. Entered 3d Foot Guards, Apr. 1767 ; capt. and lieut.-col. Nov. 1778; col. Aug. 1783; gen. Apr. 1808. In the spring of 1781 he with 500 picked men undertook the destruction of Mar ion s brigade. After several skirmishes, and being constantly annoyed by the wary partisan, whom he could not bring to a conflict except on his own terms, he fled to Georgetown, com plaining that Marion "would not fight like a gentleman or a Christian." Watterston, GEORGE, librarian of Con gress 1825-9. Author of "Memoir on the Tobacco -Plant," 8vo, 1817; "Letters from Washington," 1818 ;" Course of Study Prep, to the Bar or Senate," 1823; "Wanderer in Washington," 1827; "The Lawyer, or Man as he ought not to be," 1829; with N. B. Van Zandt, " Tabular Statist. Views of the Population, &c., of the U.S.," 1829 and 1833 ; "Gallery of Amer. Portraits," 1836; "New Guide to Washington," 1842 and 1848. Ali i- bone. Watts, JOHN, loyalist, b. N. York, Apr. 5, 1715 ; d. Wales, Aug. 1789. He m. Ann, dau. of Stephen De Lancey, in July, 1742; repre sented N.Y. City in the Assembly for many years ; and was a member of the council in 1757- 75, when he retired to Eng. His property was confiscated ; but the most valuable part of the forfeited premises was reconveyed to his sons Robert and John, July 1, 1784. His dau. Ann, 9G2 who d. 1793, m. Capt. Kennedy, who became Earl of Cassilis. Their son, the 12th earl, was b. in America. JOHN, 2d son, b. N.Y. 1749, d. there Sept. 3, 1836. M.C. 1793-6 ; made a munificent donation to the Leake and Watts Orphan- House; m. his cousin-german Jane De Lancey, and left descendants, one of whom was Gen. Philip Kearney. Watts, ROBERT, M.D. (Coll. Phys. and Surg. 1835), physician and surgeon, b. Ford- ham, N.Y., 1812; d. Paris, France, Sept. 8, 1S67. Col. Coll. 1831. While an undergrad uate, he was app. lecturer on anatomy at the Vt. Medical Coll., and in 1838 was prof, of the same branch there and at Pittsfield, Ms. From 1839 to his death he was prof, of anatomy in the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons; and from 1859 was an attending physician of the Nur sery and Child s Hospital ; one of the founders of the N.Y. Pathological Soc., and for several years its presiding officer. He pub. many able articles and reports of cases m the medical periodicals, and revised and edited with notes some manuals of anatomy. Way land, FRANCIS, D.D. (Un.Coll. 1827), LL.D. (1852), scholar and clergyman, b. N.Y. City, Mar. 11, 1796, of English parents; d. Providence, Sept. 26, 1865, Un. Coll. 1813. After studying medicine 3 years, in 1816 he studied at the Thcol. Sem., Andover; and was tutor at Un. Coll. in 1816-21, a part of the time preaching to a cong. at Burnt Hills ; in 1821-6 he was pastor of the First Baptist Church, Boston; in 1826 he was for a short time prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. at Un. Coll.; from Feb. 1827 to 1855 was pres. of Brown U. ; and was afterward, for two or three years, pastor of the First Bapt. Church in Providence. Dr. Wayland manifested eminent ability in managing the affairs of B.U., largely increasing its reputation, and doubling the number of its students. He taught by lectures in place of the old text-books, and pub. works on "Moral Science," "Political Economy," and "Intell. Philosophy." In 1842 he pub. " Thoughts upon the Collegiate System of the U.S.," which led to much discussion. His other publications are " Letters on Slavery ; " "Life of the Missionary, Dr. Judson," 1853; " University Sermons," 1838, subsequently pub. as "Salvation by Christ," 1858; "Limita tions of Human Responsibility," 1840; "Me moir of Harriet Ware," 1850; "Notes on the Principles and Practices of Baptists," 1856; "Occas. Discourses," 1856; "Sermons to the Churches," 1858; "Letters on the Ministry," 1863. See Memoir by his Sons Francis and EL L. Wayland, 2 vols. 8vo, 1867. Wayne, GEN. ANTHONY, b. Chester Co., Pa., 1 Jan. 1745; d. Presque Isle, 15 Dec. 1796. His grandfather Anthony of Yorkshire com. a squadron of dragoons under King Wil liam at the battle of the Boyne, and came to Pa. in 1 722. Isaac his father was an officer in Indian wars, and served in the Prov. legisl. Anthony was educated at the Phila. Acad., and, through the friendship of Dr. Franklin, was app. a land-agent in Nova Scotia, where he resided in 1 765-6. Marrying in 1 767, he was until 1774 a farmer and land-surveyor; member of the legisl. in 1774-5, and of various patriotic associations of the time. He raised a regt. { Sept. 1775; was made a col. 3 Jan. 1776 ; brig.- gen. 21 Feb. 1777. Disting. and wounded at Trois Rivieres, Canada. At the Brandywiue, 11 Sept. 1777, he was opposed to Knyphauscn, and held his ground until the right of the Amer. army was turned. On the night of 20 Sept. he was surprised by Gen. Grey near the Paoli Tavern, and compelled to retreat with serious loss. Wayne demanded a court of inquiry, and was acquitted with the highest honor. At Germantown, where he led the attack of the right wing, he signalized himself, and was twice slightly wounded. For his conduct at Monmouth (28 June, 1778), he was especially mentioned in Washington s official report. His most brilliant achievement, however, was the storming of Stony Point, a strong post on the Hudson, on the night of 15 July, 1779. In this attack he was wounded in the head. Congress gave him a vote of thanks and a gold medal. After the mutiny of the Pa. line, Wayne, with the remnant of Pa. troops, joined Lafayette in Va. 7 June, 1781 ; at Green Spring, Va., 6 July, 1781, he was ordered to attack what was supposed to be only a rear guard, but which proved to be the whole Brit ish army in order of battle within less than 100 paces. His course was at once sagacious and energetic. A well-executed bayonet-charge stopped the enemy, and gave Wayne time to retreat without loss. Present at Yorktown ; ordered to Ga., he defeated Col. Brown, 20 May, 1782, and a month later the renowned Indian chieftain Guristersigo, who was killed ; 14 Dec. 1782 he took possession of Charleston on its evacuation. He served in the Pa. As sembly in 1784-5, and in the conv. that ratified the U.S. Constitution. Apr. 3, 1792, he was made gen.-in-chief of the army engaged against the North-western Indians; 20 Aug. 1794 he gained a complete victory over them at the Maumee Rapids, " Fallen Timbers," which was followed by the treaty of Greenville, re sulting in a long peace and a considerable ac cession of territory. Wayne, though by his bravery gaining the sobriquet of "Mad An thony," was discreet and cautious, fruitful in expedients, quick in decision, and prompt in execution. " Wayne s Orderly-Book at Ti- cond.," with notes and app., was pub. by Mun- sell, 1 859. See Memoirs by H. N. Moore, Phila. 1845, and by John Armstrong in Sparks s Amer. Biog., vol. iv. ; the Assault on Stony Point, lij 11. B. Dawson, 1863. His son Col. ISAAC (M.C. 1823-5) d. Chester Co., Pa., 25 Oct. 1852, a. 82. Wayne, JAMES MOORE, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1849), judge, b. Savannah, Ga., 1790 ; d. Wash ington, D.C., July 5, 1867. N. J. Coll. 1:03. He became a lawyer and politician ; was two years a member of the State legisl. ; mayor of Savannah 1823 ; was judge of the Superior Court 1824-9; M.C. 1829-35; took a promi nent position as a debater ; and was a support, er of Gen. Jackson, who app. him, 9 Jan. 1835, assoc. judge U.S. Sup. Court. His opin ions upon admiralty jurisprudence are every where cited as high authority. In Congress he sustained free trade ; opposed internal im provements by Congress, except of rivers and harbors; opposed a recharter of the U.S. 963 WEB Bank ; and took an active part in the removal of the Indians to the West. He presided in two conventions for revising the constitution of Georgia. Weare, MESHECH, first pres. of N.H., b. Hampton, N.H., June 16, 1713; d. Jan. 14, 1786. H.U. 1735. Son of Nathaniel. He was chosen speaker of the house in 1752 ; com missioner to the Congress at Albany 1754; afterwards a justice of the Sup. Court; in 1777 chief justice ; and was councillor from Rock- ingham, and chairman of the com. of safety. In 1776 he was chosen pres. of the State ; was annually re-elected during the war, and in 1784 under the new constitution; made fellow of the Acad. Arts and Sciences in 1782. Weathersford, WIILIAM, a noted chief of the Creek Indians; d. Monroe Co., Ala., 1824. His father was a white trader, his moth er a Seminole woman. He was a skilful hunt er and warrior ; commanded his tribe in the war with the U.S. in 1813-14, in which they ware overpowered, and surrendered voluntarily to Gen. Jackson in Apr. 1814. He afterward lived peaceably on his plantation at Little River. Webb, GEN. ALEXANDER S., b. N.Y. ab. 1 834. West Point, 1 855. Son of James Wat son Webb. Entering the 2d Art., he served against the Seminoles in Fla. in 1856; was assist, prof, of math, at West Point 1857-61 ; 1st lieut. 28 Apr. 1861 ; capt. llth Inf. 14 May, 1861 ; maj. 1st R.I. Vols. 14 Sept. 1861 ; lieut.- col. staff U.S. vols. 20 Aug. 1862; brig.-gen. vols. 23 June, 1863; lieut.-col. 44th U.S. Inf. 28 July, 1866. He served in defence of Fort Pickens, at Bull Run, and through the Penin sular campaign ; was chief of staff 5th corps at Antietam and Chancellorsville ; brev. major 3 July, 1863, for Gettysburg, where he com. a brigade in 2d corps, and was wounded ; com. div. 2d corps in Rapidan campaign, Oct. 1863 to Apr. 1864, and brev. lieut.-col. 11 Oct. 1863 for Bristoe s Station ; com. brigade in battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, and brev. col. for the latter 12 May, 1864, where he was severely wounded; chief of staff to Gen. Meade 11 Jan. 1865, and brev. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; discharged 5 Dec. 1870. App. pres. N.Y. City Coll. 1869. Webb, COL. CHARLES, b. Stamford, Ct., Feb. 13, 1724; d. ab. 1782. Member State legisl. in 1758, and 23 times rechosen. At tained the rank of capt. in 1760, having served in the French war. Sent in May, 1775, by Con gress, on a tour of military investigation to Ti- conderoga. Col. 19th Regt. July, 1775. la the battles at White Plains, Oct. 28, 1776, and at Long Island, Aug. 27, 1776; also White- marsh, 5 Dec. 1777, in which his regt. suffered severely. Webb, CHARLES HENRY, b. Rouse s Pt., N.Y. Author of "Liffith Lank, or Lunacy," N.Y. 1867 ; " St. Twel mo " (a travesty of St. Elmo), 1867 ; " Our Friend from Victoria," a play; " Arrah-na-poke," a burlesque, 1865 ; edited " The Jumping Frog," by Mark Twain; founded and edited the CaJifornian of San Francisco; and has contrib. to mags, and jour nals. Allibone. Webb, GEORGE JAMES, prof, in the Bos ton Acad. of Music, and an eminent composer and teacher of music. Author of " American Glee-Book," "Ms. Coll. of Church Music," " Vocal Class-Book for Schools," " Orthopho- ny," &c. ; " Cantica Ecclesiastica," 1859 ; also some musical pubs, in connection with Lowell Mason. Webb, JAMES, jurist, b. Va. ; d. Goliad, Texas, Nov. 2, 1856. He studied law; re moved to Ga. ; and, after practising his profes sion a few years, was made a judge of the Sup. Court. He held for many years the office of U.S. dist. judge in the Terr, of Fla., but re signed, and removed to Texas in 1839. Under Pres. Lamar he filled successively the offices of atty.-gen. and sec. of state; served one term in the senate; and, after Texas became a State, was reporter of the decisions of the Sup. Court ; sec. of state ; and, at the time of his death, judge of the 14th judicial dist. Author of "Reports Sup. Ct. of Texas," 1846-8, 3 vols. 8vo, 1848-51. Webb, JAMES WATSON, journalist, son of Gen. S. B. Webb, b. Claverack, N.Y., Feb. 8, 1802. 7th in descent from Richard, freeman of Boston 1632. He entered the army as 2d lieut. in Aug. 1819; was first lieut. in 1823, and resigned in 1827. He then took charge of the N.Y. Courier, which in 1829 he united with the Enquirer under the name of the Morn ing Courier and N. Y. Enquirer, becoming sole editor, and in 1830 sole proprietor, of the jour nal. It sustained the Whig party during its existence. App. in 1850 charge d affaires to Vienna, the senate did not confirm the nomi nation. In 1861 Pres. Lincoln app. him min ister to Brazil. While in this position he se cured the settlement of long-standing claims against Brazil, and was instrumental, through his intimacy with Napoleon III., in procuring the withdrawal of the French from Mexico. Author of "Altowan, or Adventures in the Rocky Mountains," 2 vols. 8vo, 1846; " Slave ry and its Tendencies," 8vo, 1856. Webb, JOSEPH, grand-master of Freema sons in America; d. Boston, Apr. 26, 1787, a. 52. Webb, GEN. SAMUEL B., b. Wethers- field, Ct., 1753; d. Claverack, N.Y., Dec. 3, 1807. He was engaged, and wounded in the arm, at Bunker s Hill, and for gallantry on that day was publicly thanked, and made aide to Gen. Putnam. A letter written by him to his step-father Silas Deane, describing that battle, is in the Hist. Soc. of Hartford. In June, 1776, he was app. aide to Washington, and was wounded at White Plains ; he was also wounded at Trenton, and was engaged at Bran- dy wine ; in 1778 he took com. of the 3d Ct. Regt. In crossing to Long Island with Gen. Parsons s expedition in 1779, he, with most of the com., were captured by the British fleet. Released in 1782, he was promoted to the com. of the light inf. upon the retirement of Baron Steuben. Webb, THOMAS SMITH, past grand-master of the R.I. Grand Lodge; d. 1819. Was the author of some Masonic music and poetry, and of an excellent manual entitled " The Freeraa- son s Monitor," 1797. The best ed. is by E. T. Carson, 8vo, 1865. Allibone. WEB 964 Webb, WILLIAM H., shipbuilder, b. N.Y. City 19 June, 1816. Educated at the gram mar-schools of N.Y., and learned his art in the shipyard of his father ISAAC, who d. 14 Jan. 1840, a. 46. Since 1843 he has carried on the business alone, and has constructed many ves sels of great speed and capacity, upon original plans. Among them are " The General Ad miral," a steam-frigate for the Russian navy, two steam screw-frigates for the Italian navy, and the ironclad ram " Dunderberg " for the U. S. navy. Webber, CHARLES WILKINS, author, b. Russelville, Ky., May 29, 1819; killed in Nica ragua in 1856, while serving with the filibus ter Walker. His mother, the clau. of Gen. John Tannehill, a Revol. officer, m. Dr. Au gustine Webber, a prominent physician of South Ky. Her son s early life was passed in the sports of the field and on the frontier of Texas, where his singular adventures of sever al years furnished themes for his earlier books, " Old Hicks the Guide," " Shot in the Eye," and " Gold Mines of the Gila," 1849. He stud ied medicine and then theology at Princeton Sem, but soon relied solely upon his pen. He went to New York at the age of 25, where he wrote a series of papers on " Texan Adven ture " for the New World, sketches and other papers for the Democ. Review; edited the Whig Review 2 years ; contrib. to the Literary World papers on Western Life and Natural History. He pub. in 1851-3 " The Hunter Naturalist," illustrated ; " Spiritual Vampirism ; " and "Tales of the Southern Border," 1853; " Wild Scenes and Song-Birds," 1854; " His tory of Mystery," 12mo; "Texan Virago," 1852; "Wild Girl of Nebraska," 1852. Duyckinck. Webber, SAMUEL, D.D., pres. of H.U., b. Byfield, Ms., Jan. 13, 1760; d. Cambridge, July 17, 1810. H.U. 1784. At Harv., where he exhibited a strong predilection for mathe- mathics, he studied theology; was in 1787 app. a tutor; succeeded Dr. Williams as prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. in 1789; and on the death of Pres. Willard was inaug. as his successor, May 6. 1806. In 1796 he was em ployed by the govt. to ascertain the boundary between Canada and the U.S. In 1801 he pub. a System of Mathematics, 2 vols. 8vo ; Eu logy on "President Willard, 1804. He revised the Introd. to Morse s Geography, 2 vols. 8vo, 1796. Vice-pres. of the Amer. Acad., and a fellow of the Philos. Society. Webster, DANIEL, LL.D. (N.J. 1818; D. C. 18.2.3; H.U. 1824), statesman, lawyer, and orator, b. Salisbury, N.H., Jan. 18, 1782 ; d. Marshfield, Ms., Oct. 24, 1852. Dartm. Coll. 1801. His father Ebenezer, a Revol. sol dier, and subsequently a judge, was b. Kings ton, N.H., 1739; d. April, 1806. Daniel was educated at Phillips (Exeter) Academy and at Dartm. Coll., defraying a portion of the ex pense by teaching school. In 1802 he taught an acad. at Fryeburg, Me. ; then studied law ; came to Boston in July, 1804; studied in the office of Christopher Gore, afterward gov. of Ms. ; and was adm. to the bar in the spring of 1805. After practising a year in Boscawen, N H., he removed to Portsmouth, where he rose at once to full practice at a bar where Samue Dexter, Joseph Story, and Jeremiah Mason, were prominent. M.C. in 1813-17, and placed on the com. of foreign affairs, he at once took rank with the foremost both for business and debate. In Aug. 1816 he removed to Boston. The famous Dartm. Coll. case, carried by ap peal to Washington in 1817, placed him in the front rank of the American bar. Among the great causes argued by him before the U. S. Sup. Court were those of Gibbons and Ogdcn (steamer monopoly case), that of Ogden and Saunders (State insolvent laws), the Charles- river Bridge Case, the Alabama Bank Case, the Girard Will Case, and the R.I. Charter Case. In the trials of Goodridge at Ncwbury- port, and the Knapps at Salem, Mr. Webster exhibited unsurpassed skill as a criminal law yer. Member of the Ms. Const. Conv. of 1820, he spoke upon oaths of office, the basis of sena torial representation, and the independence of the judiciary. Dec. 22, 1820, he delivered his celebrated discourse at Plymouth on the anniv. of the landing of the Pilgrims. Others of this class of efforts were that on the laying of the corner-stone of the Bunker-hill Monument (June 17, 1825), and at its completion (June 17, 1843), and the eulogy on Adams and Jefferson, Aug. 2, 1826. He again entered Congress in Dec. 1823; made his famous speech on the Greek Revol.; and as chairman of the judiciary com. reported and carried through the house a com plete revision of the criminal law of the U.S. In the 19th Congress he made a masterly speech on the proposed diplomatic Congress at Panama. Under the presidency of Mr. Adams he was the leader of the friends of the adminis tration, first in the house, and afterward in the senate, of which he was a member in 1827-39. His great speech in reply to Hayne, delivered in the senate Jan. 26 and 27, 1830, on Foote s resolution, has been declared, next to the Con stitution itself, the most correct and complete exposition of the true powers and functions of the Federal Govt. This resolution related to the survey of the public lands; and the debate turned on the newly-declared doctrine of Cal- houn, on the right of an individual State to nullify an act of Congress. In 1836 he received the electoral vote of Ms. for pres., and in 1840 was app. by Harrison sec. of state. While in this post, he negotiated the North-eastern boundary treaty in 1842, putting an end to a protracted and threatening dispute with Groat Britain. In the spring of 1839 he visited En- rope; in May, 1843, he retired from Mr. Ty ler s cabinet; was rechosen to the senate in 1845, and strenuously opposed the annexation of Texas and the war with Mexico. In sup port of the compromises of 1850, he delivered his celebrated speech of March 7, which, by its concessions to the demands of slavery, proved highly distasteful to a large number of his sup porters, and weakened his influence at home; in July, 1850, on the accession of Fillmore to the presidency, Mr. Webster was again made sec. of state, which post he filled at the time of his death. In Dec. 1850.the famous Hulsemann Letter was written. He paid much attention to agriculture, and resided much of the latter part of his life at Marshfield, Ms., or at his birth- WEB 965 WEB place in N.H. In Jan, 1852 he argued the im portant India-rubber-patent cause at Trenton, his last great forensic effort. Early in May he was seriously injured by being thrown from his carriage near his farm in Marshfield, where the closing scenes of his life were passed. Mr. Webster s person was imposing, of command ing height, and well-proportioned, the head of great size, the eye deep-seated, large, and lustrous, his voice powerful and sonorous, his action appropriate and impressive. A con summate master of argument, he touched not less skilfully the chords of feeling. On great occasions, with or without preparation, he had no superior. He was remarkably fond of field- sports, particularly fishing, and was a good shot. The most complete edition of his col lected works was that of 1851, in 6 vols. 8vo. A Memoir by George T. Curtis, his literary ex ecutor, app. in 2 vols. 1869-70. EDWARD his second son, major of Ms. vols., d. in the city of Mexico 1847. FLETCHER his youngest son,*col. 12th Ms. Vols. (b. Portsmouth, N.H., July 23, 1813, H.U. 1833), fell in battle near Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862 ; sec. of legation to China 1 843-5 ; surveyor of the port of Boston 1 850-6 1 . Webster, HORACE, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1850), LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1849), educator, b. Hartford, Vt., Sept. 21, 1794 ; d. Geneva, N.Y., 12 July, 1871. West P. 1818. Assist, prof, of math, there from 1818 until his resig. 31 Dec. 1825 ; prof, of math, and nat. philos. Geneva Coll., N.Y., 1825-48 ; principal of Free Acad., N.Y. City (now Coll. of N.Y.), 19 July, 1848-69; and prof, of moral, intell., and polit. philos. there. Webster, LIEUT. -CoL. JAMES, a gallant British soldier, b. ab. 1743; d. March, 1781, of a wound received at the battle of Guilford Mar. 14. Son of Alex. Webster, D.D., an eminent Edinburgh divine. Major 33d Foot, Feb. 1771 ; disting. in Cornwallis s army in the South ; active in the operations in N. J. in 1777; at Verplanck s Point, 1778; and at Cam- den com. Cornwallis s right wing. Webster, JOHN, gov. of Ct. 1656; d. Hadley, 5 Apr. 1661. A principal settler of Hartford, he was a magistrate in 1639-55 ; dep.- gov. 1655; and in 1659, with Rev. Mr. Rus sell and his associates, purchased and settled the territory now included in the towns of Hadley, Hatfield, Grauby, and Amherst, Ms. Webster, JOHN WHITE, prof, of chemistry and mineralogy Med. School in Boston con nected with H.U. (1827-49), b. Boston, May 20, 1793; hung for the murder of Dr. Geonre Parkman, Aug. 30, 1850. H.U. 1811. In 1849 Dr. Parkman called at the college to collect a debt of long standing from Webster, who, irritated by the language of the doctor, struck him a fatal blow, and endeavored to conceal the body. He pub. a manual of chemistry, and a description of the Island of St. Michael, 1821 ; edited "Play fair s Liebig s Chemistry;" and was co-editor df the Boston Jour, of Philos. and Arts, 1823-6. Webster, GEN. JOSEPH DANA, b. Old Hampton, N.H., Aug. 25, 1811. Dartm. Coll. 1832 ; d. Chicago, Mar. 12, 1876; was app. 2d lieut. topog. engrs. July 7, 1838 ; 1st lieut. July, 1849 ; capt. March, 1853. He served with distinction through the Mexican war, but resigned in Apr. 1854, and settled in Chicago In Apr. 1861 took charge of the fortifications at Cairo, 111., and at Paducah; in Feb. 1862 he became col. 1st 111. Art., and was present at the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson. At the battle of Shiloh he had charge of all the artillery, and received the highest commen dation in Gen. Grant s official report. Chief of Gen. Grant s staff until Oct. 1862, when he was detailed by the war dept. to make a sur vey of the 111. and Mich. Canal ; made brig.- gen. of vols. Oct. 14, 1862. Chief of staff to Gen. Sherman; was with Gen. Thomas at Hood s defeat before Nashville in Dec. 1864; was with Sherman in his march to the sea ; and was made brev. maj.-gen. in 1865. Webster, NOAH, LL.D. (Y. C. 1823), philologist and publicist, b. W. Hartford, Ct., Oct. 16, 1758; d. N. Haven, May 28, 1843. Y.C. 1778. His ancestor John was one of the first settlers of Hartford. He served under his father, a capt. of militia, during the campaign of 1777. Adm. to the bar in 1781, but in 1782 opened a classical school at Goshen, N.Y. In 1783 he pub. at Hartford his "First Part of a Grammatical Institute of the English Lan guage," followed by a 2d and 3d part in the next 2 years. " The American Spelling-Book " was pub. in 1783 ; also " Winthrop s Journal," which had till then remained in MS. He also began some political essays in the Ct. Cou- rant, pub. in 1785 as " Sketches of American Policy." The same year, he visited the South ern States to procure the enactment of State copyright laws ; in 1786 he delivered a course of lectures in the principal American cities on the English language, pub. in 1789 under the title of " Dissertations on the English Lan guage ; " in 1787 he taught an acad. at Phila., and, after the Const. Conv. adjourned, pub. an "Examination of the Leading Principles of the Federal Constitution;" in 1788 he pub. in N. York for one year, at a heavy loss, the Amer. Mag. Returning to Hartford in 1789, he practised law successfully for some years, but in 1793, at the request of the administration, established for its support in New York a dai ly called the Minerva, to which he soon added a semi-weekly called the Herald: these were subsequently known as the Commercial Adver tiser and N. Y. Spectator. His papers, signed " Curtius," ably vindicated Jay s treaty. He removed to N. Haven in 1798, and in 1799 pub. " A Brief History of Epidemics and Pesti lential Diseases," 2 vols. 8vo ; in 1802 he pub. a work on the rights of neutrals in time of war, and " Hist. Notices of the Origin and State of Banking Institutions and Insurance Offices; " and in 1807 his "Philosophical and Practical Grammar of the English Language." He had in 1806 pub. a " Compendious Dic- tionai y;" and in 1807 he commenced the great labor of his life, a Dictionary of the English Language. The first edition appeared in 1828 in 2 vols. 4to, a second in 1840 in 2 vols. roy. 8vo. While preparing this work, he re moved to Amherst, Ms., and was one of the most active founders of the Amh. College. He also represented the town several years in the State legisl. In New Haven he had been often a member of the legisl., a judge of one of the 9G6 WEE State courts, and one of the aldermen of the city. He returned there in 1822, and visited Europe in 1828. Early in 1843 he pub. "A Collection of Papers on Political, Literary, and Moral Subjects," and an elaborate treatise on " The Supposed Change in the Temperature of Winter. His last literary labor was the revision of the Appendix to his Dictionary, which he completed only a few days before his death. Of the " Elementary Spelling-Book " nearly 50,000,000 copies have been sold ; and, during the preparation of the Dictionary, the entire support of his family was derived from its copyright. His Dictionary has been revised since his death bv his son-in-law, Prof. Good rich, and others. Dr. W. s other works are a " History of the U.S.," revised in 1 838 ; " Letters to a Young Gentleman commencing his Edu cation," 1823; "Manual of Useful Studies," 1832 ; " The Prompter ; " and a " History of Animals." Allibone. Webster, PELATIAH, political writer, b. Lebanon, Ct., 1725; d. Phila. Sept. 1795. Y.C. 1746. He studied theology, and preached at Greenwich, Ms., in the winter of 1748-9; was afterward a merchant in Phila. ; was an active Whig during the Revol., and suffered both in person and estate, having been confined in the city jail 132 days. In Oct. 1776 he pub. his first essay, urging taxation for the re demption of Cont. money ; in 1779-85 he pub. a series of " Essays on Free Trade and Fi nance; " in 1783 "A Dissertation on the Po litical Union and Constitution of the 13 Unit ed States of N. A. ;" in 1791 he pub. "Po litical Essays on the Nature and Operation of Money, Public Finances," &c., 8vo, Philadel phia. Duyckinck. Webster, REV. RICHARD, Presb. clergy man, b. Albany, 14 July, 1811 ; d. Mauch Chunk, Pa., 19 June, 1856. Un. Coll. 1829. Princet. Sem. 1834. Son of Charles R. Web ster, bookseller of Albany. Ord. 29 Apr. 1835 ; pastor of Mauch Chunk until his death. Au thor of "Hist, of the Presb. Church," 8vo, 1856. Wedderburne, ALEXANDER, Baron Loughborough (1780) and Earl of Rosslyn (1801), b. Edinburgh, Feb. 13, 1733 ; d. Bayles, Berkshire, Jan. 3,1805. U. of Edinburgh. He was called to the Scottish bar at 19 ; removed to London ; entered the Inner Temple in 1753 ; was adrn. to the English bar in 1757 ; and was specially disting. in the great Douglas case in 1768-9. As a member of parliament he was an able supporter of Grenville and Lord North; became solicitor-gen. Jan. 26, 1771, and was conspicuous in defence of Lord Clive. In Jan. 1774, when the petition of Massachusetts for the removal of Hutchinson and Oliver was laid before the privy council, Wedderburne defended them in a speech in which he made a gross and insulting attack upon Franklin, the agent of the petitioners. In 1778 he was made atty.- gen., and in 1780 chief justice C. C. P. ; in April, 1783, he assisted North in forming the famous coalition ministry, in which he was the first commiss. of the great seal. In Jan. 27, 1793-1801, he was lord high chancellor under Mr. Pitt. When George III. heard that he was dead, he remarked, " He has not left a greater knave behind him in my dominions." Weed, GEN. STEPHEN H., b. N.Y. 1834; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. A graduate of the N.Y. Free Acad. West Point, 1854. Served against the Western Indians 1857-60; and, when the Rebellion broke out, was made a capt. of artillery. He served under McClellan on the Peninsula, at Manassas, at South Mountain, and Antietam; and was made brig.-gen. 6 June, 1863, for gallantry at Chancellorsville, Va. At the time of his death, he com. the 3d brigade of regulars. Weed, THURLOW, journalist and politi cian, b. Cairo, N.Y., Nov. 15, 1797. At 10 he was a cabin-boy upon the Hudson River ; at 1 2 he entered a printing-office at Catskill ; was em ployed in several different newspaper-offices ; was a vol. on the northern frontier in the war of 1812; established a newspaper in his own name on coming of age ; edited the Anti-Ma sonic Enquirer in 1826-7 ; and was twice elect ed to the Assembly. His tact as a party man ager, and his services in 1827-30 in securing the election of De Witt Clinton as gov., led to his selection as a competent person to oppose to the " Albany Regency," a body who had the management of the Democ. party in N.Y. In 1830 he accordingly removed to Albany, and assumed the editorship of the Albany Evening Journal. Although a leader, first of the Whig, and afterward of the Republican party, he de clined all political office. He was prominent in procuring the nominations of Harrison in 1836 and 1840, of Gen. Taylor in 1848, and of Gen. Scott in 1 852. He warmly advocated the election of Fremont in 1856, and of Lincoln in 1860, although he had advocated the nomina tion of Mr. Seward. He visited Europe in Nov. 1861 in a semi-diplomatic capacity; re turned home in June, 1 862, and shortly after ward withdrew from the Journal. He pub lished "Letters from Europe and the West Indies," 8vo, 1866; Reminiscences, in the At lantic Monthly, 1870; and has contributed to periodicals. Weedon, GEN. GEORGE, Revol. officer, was an innkeeper and postmaster of Fredericks- burg, Va., and an active and zealous politi cian before the war. Made lieut.-col. 3d Va. Regt. Feb. 13, col. 1st Regt. 12 Aug., 1776; and 24 Feb., 1777, brig.-gen. He was in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, but, in consequence of some dissatisfaction about rank, left the service while the army was at Vallev Forge. At Brandywine he commanded the brigade in Greene s division which rendered such valuable service by stopping the British pursuit, and saving the routed army. He re sumed the com. of a brigade in 1780, and com. the Va. militia at Gloucester during the siege of Yorktown in Oct. 1781. Weeks, JOHN M., b. Litchfield, Ct., 22 May, 1788; d. Salisbury, Vt. (whither his parents removed in 1789), 1 Sept. 1858. Au thor of " Manual on Bees," 1854; "History of Salisbury, Vt.," with Memoir of the au thor, 1860. Inventor of the Vt. Beehive (1836) ; a contrib. to agric. journals ; and left in MS. a History of the Five Nations. Weems, MASON L., an eccentric clergy man and author, b. Dumfries, Va. ; d. Beau> fort, S.C., May 23, 1825. He studied theology WEI 96T in London, and was many years rector ot Mt. Vernon parish (at the time Washington at tended there), and subsequently a book-agent for Matthew Carey of Phila. He travelled extensively over the Southern States in this capacity, mingling with the people at large assemblies and at courts, drawing crowds of listeners, whom he would address upon the merits of his works, interspersing his remarks with anecdotes and humorous sallies. He wrote and sold a pamphlet entitled " The Drunkard s Looking-Glass," illustrated by cuts. With this in hand, he entered taverns, and, addressing the inmates, would mimic the extravagances of an inebriate, and sell the pamphlet. He was a man of much benevolence and wit. Author of Lives of Marion, Frank lin, Penn, and Washington, the latter of which passed through 30 or 40 editions. Others of his tracts were " Hymen s Recruiting Sergeant," " God s Revenge against Murder," " God s Revenge against Adultery." For his " Life of Marion," Horry, one of Marion s companions, furnished the facts. The romantic manner in which his statements were served up led to a corresp. between the two authors. Weightman, COL. RICHARD HANSON, b. Md. ; killed at the battle of Wilson s Creek, Mo., Aug. 10, 1861. Son of Gen. Weightman. Expelled from West Point in April, 1837, for cutting a brother-cadet in the face in a personal rencounter. With the same knife he killed the Santa Fe trader, F. X. Xaubrey, in a quarrel. Capt. of Mo. art., and disting. under Col. Doniphan at the battle of Sacramento, Mex. ; paymaster U.S.A. 1848-9; provis. U.S. sena tor from New Mex. 1850 ; M.C. from N. Mex. 1851-3; col. Mo. State Guard; disting. at Carthage 5 July, 1861; and com. a brigade at Wilson s Creek. Weir, JAMBS, b. Greenville, Ky., 1821. Author of " Lena Powers," a romance, 1850 ; "Simon Ken ton," 1853; " Winter Lodge," a sequel, 1854 ; " Sacred and Profane Literature." Also prose and poetry in periodicals. Al- libone. Weir, ROBERT WALTER, painter, b. New Rochelle, N.Y., June 18, 1803. At the age of 19 he became a painter. After a 3-y ears resi dence in Italy, he returned home in 1827; practised his art in N.Y. ; was prof, of per spective in the Nat. Acad. of Design, 1830-4 ; and 8 May, 1834, succeeded C. R. Leslie as instructor in drawing at West Point, which post he still holds. Among his works are " The Embarkation of the Pilgrims," in the rotunda of the capitol at Washington, " Red Jacket," " The Antiquary introducing Lovel to his Womankind," " Bourbon s Last March," " TheLanding of Hendrick Hudson,"" Colum bus before the Council of Salamanca," " The Indian Captives," " The Presentation in the Temple," " The Dying Greek," " The Old Merchant," " Devotion," and " The Taking of the Veil." Weiss, REV. JOHN, b. Boston, June, 1818. H.U. 1837. He has been pastor of a Unit, church at N. Bedford, and at Watertown, Ms , where he now resides, without any settled charge. Transl., with F. S. Stallknecht, of " Ofterdingen," 1842; author of "TheFhilos. and JEsthetic Works of Schiller," 1845 ; " Life and Corresp. of Theo. Parker," 2 vols. 8vo ( 1864; "American Religion," 1870; and occas. sermons and addresses. Contributed to many magazines and periodicals. -Lecturer on vari ous topics, including old myths. WeissenfelS, FREDERICK H., baron de, b. Prussia; d. N. Orleans, May 14, 1806, a. 78. He had been an officer in the British service ; settled in Duchess Co., N.Y., in 1763 ; app. lieut.-col. 3d N.Y. batt. Mar. 8, 1776, after wards com. the 2d N.Y. batt. at White Plains, Trenton, at the surrender of Burgoyne, and in the battle of Monmouth. He accomp. Sul livan s exped. in 1779, and fought atNewtown. Impoverished by the war, he filled a minor office in the police at the time of his death. Hough s Northern Invasion. Weitzel (wit -sel), GEN. GODFREY, b. Cincinnati, 0., Nov. 1, 1835. West Point (2d in his class), 1855. Brev. 2d lieut. of engrs. ; 1st lieut. July 1, 1860; capt. Mar. 3, 1863; maj. Aug. 8, 1866. Attached to the staff of Gen. Butler in the dept. of the Gulf, he became assist, military com. and acting mayor of N. Orleans after its capture; brig.-gen. of vols. 29 Aug. 1862; maj.-gen. 17 Nov. 1864; Oct. 27. 18G2, routed a large force of the enemy at Labadie- ville, for which he was brev. maj. U.S.A. He com. the advance in Gen. Banks s operations in April-May, 1863 ; was at the siege and capture of Port Hudson; com. division 19th corps in the Lafourche and West La. campaigns, July- Dec. 1863 ; com. 2d div. 18th corps, and chief engr. Army of the James, May-Sept. 1864 ; was chief engr. with Gen. Butler in the opera tions near Petersburg and Richmond, Va. ; com. the 18th corps, and repulsed attack on Fort Harrison, Sept 30, 1864 ; and from Dec. to 4 Feb. 1865 com. the 25th colored corps; second in com. of first exped. to Fort Fisher. Engaged in the final operations around Rich mond, he first entered that city, Apr. 3, 1865. Brevs. of col. 8 July, 1863, for Port Hudson, brig, and maj. gen. 13 Mar. 1865. Cullum. Welby, AMELIA B. (COPPOCK), poetess, b. St. Michaels, Md., Feb. 3, 1819 ; d. Louisville, Ky., May 3, 1852. She removed with her fa ther to the West in 1834, and resided at Lex ington and Louisville, where she was m. to Mr. George Welby in 1838. Her first poem was contrib. to the Louisville Journal in 1837. The first collection of her poems was pub. Boston, 1845, the second in 1846, and the latest in 1860. "Poems by Amelia" were pub. in 1850, illus trated by R. W, Weir. Welch, REV. BARTHOLOMEW TROW S D.D., a Baptist preacher of great eloquence, b. Boston, 24 Sept. 1794; d. Newtonville, N.Y., 9 Dec. 1870. He entered the ministry in 1824; was settled in Albany in 1828-48; and in 1848-54 was pastor of the Picrrepont- street Church, Brooklyn, New York. Weld, HORATIO HASTINGS, b. Boston, 1811. Some years a printer, then editor of journals in Lowell, Boston, N.Y., and Phila. Has contrib. largely to the periodical press. Adm. to orders in the Prot.-Episc. Ch. 1845. Author of " Corrected Proofs," 1837 ; " Bcnj. Franklin, an Autob.," 1849; "Life of Christ," 1850; "Scripture Quotations," 1850; "Sacred 968 Poetical Quotations/ 1851 ; "Star of Bethle hem," 1852, &c.Allibone. Weld, ISAAC, son of Isaac of Dublin, b. there 1774; d. 1856. In his youth he trav elled extensively in America and Europe ; was 56 years connected with the Royal Dublin So ciety, of which he was long sec. and vice-pros. Author of " Travels through North America, 1795-7," Lond., 4to, 1799; "Illustrations of the Scenery of Killarney," &c., 1807. Mi- bone. Welde, THOMAS, first minister of Rox- bury, Ms. ; d. Eng. 23 Mar. 1662. Camb. U., Enc;., 1613-18. He was a minister in Terling, Essex, before coming to America. Arriving in Boston, June 5, 1632, in July he took the pas toral care of the church in Roxbury. In 1639 he assisted Mather and Eiiot in making " The Tuneful New-England Version of the Psalms." Sent in 1641 with Hugh Peters to Eng. as an agent for the province, he never returned. He settled at Gateshcad, but was ejected in 1662. Author of " An Answer to W. R. s Narration of the Opinions and Practices of the N.E. Churches," 1644. He repub., with a preface, and an address to the reader, an anonymous work, changing its title to " A Short Story of the Rise, Reign, and Ruin of the Antinomians, Familists, and Libertines that infected the Churches of N.E .," 4to, 1 644. His son THOM AS, minister of Dunstable, d. 1702, a. 50. Weller, JOHN B., Democ. politician, b. Ohio. M.C. in 1839-45; was lieut.-col. of Morgan s O. regt. (June 22, 1846), which he com. on the fall of the col. in battle of Monte rey ; was the first U.S. commiss. to Mexico un der the treaty of Guadaloupe-Hidalgo ; and, having taken up his residence in Cal., was U.S. senator in 1851-7; gov. in 1858-60; app. min ister to Mexico, Dec. 1860; delegate to the Chicago Conv. in 64 ; d. N. Orleans, Aug. 1 8, 75. Welles, GIDEON, sec. U.S.N. 1861-9, b. Glastenbury, Ct., July 1, 1802. Descended from Thomas, the first treasurer, and afterward gov. of Ct. He studied at the Episc. Acad. in Chcsbire and at the Norwich U. Studied law under Judges Williams and Ellsworth; and in 1826 became editor and a proprietor of the Hartford Times, a Democ. paper. He advo cated the election of Jackson to the presidency ; was a member of the legisl. in 1827-35; was then app. comptroller of public accounts ; was postmaster of Hartford 1836^1 ; was State comptroller in 1842; and in 1846-9 was chief of one of the bureaus of the navy dept. He gave up the management of the Times in 1837. He opposed the introduction of slavery into new territory, and became identified with the Repub. party on its organization in 1855, and was chairman of the Ct. delegation at the Chi cago Conv. in 1860. For nearly 30 years he was a frequent contrib. to the Globe and Union, Washington, Evening Post, N.Y., and, since 1856, to the Hartford Press. Welling, JAMES C., LL.D., pres. of Co lumbia Coll., D.C. (inducted 6 Nov. 1871), b. Trenton, N. J., 14 July, 1825. N. J. Coll. 1844. Removing to N.Y. City in 1848, he became correspondent and lit. editor of the Nat. Intelli gencer of Washington, D.C. ; was assoc. ed. in 1855-Jan. 1865; and was its principal con ductor during the civil war. In 1866 he vis ited Europe tor his health. Pres. of St. John s Coll., Annapolis, Md., Sept. 1867-70; andwa* prof, of belles-lettres in N. J. Coll. m 1S70-I. Dr. W. has contrib. to the A T . A. Rtview and other literary periodicals, and is said to be now engaged on the " Life and Times " of the late President Buchanan. Wells, DAVID AMES, b. Springfield, Ms., June 1 7, 1 827. Wms. Coll. 1 846 ; Camb. Sclent. School, 1851. Assist, prof. Camb. Scientific School 1851-2; engaged in practical chemis try in Boston with Dr. A. A. Hayes in 1853- 5; patented in 1856 several improvements in bleaching ; in 1857-8 was a member of the pub lishing firm of G. P. Putnam & Co. ; vi.-ited Europe in 1 862 and again in 1 867 on a mission by the U.S. govt. ; special U.S. commiss. reve nue 1866-70. Co-editor " History of Williams Coll./ ,1847; editorof "Things not Generally Known," &c. ; "Annual of Scientific Discov ery/ 1850-65 ; author of "Report on the Soils of the Scioto Valley/ 1851; "On Flax/* 1854; "Year-Book of Agriculture," 1856; "Familiar Science," 1856; "Science of Com mon Things," 1857; "Elements of Nat. Phi- los.," 1857 ; "Principles of Chemistry," 1858 ; "Principles of Geology," 1861 ; " Our Burden and Our Strength," 1864. Contrib. to many scientific periodicals. Wells, HORACE, dentist, one of the claim ants of the discovery of anaesthesia, b. Hart ford, Vt., Jan. 21, 1815; d. N. Y. City, Jan, 24, 1848. After an academical education/ he began the study of dentistry in Boston in 1834, but removed to Hartford in 1836. As early as 1840 he experimented upon the possibility of preventing pain in dental operations by various narcotics. In 1 844 he used nitrous-oxide gas successfully for the extraction of teeth, and in Dec. 1844 addressed the medical class of Dr. Warren in Boston on the subject. After the application of Drs. Jackson and Morton for a patent, in Sept. 1846, Dr. Wells sailed for France, and succeeded in convincing the Medi cal Society of Paris that he had made a valua ble discovery, as is shown by resolutions adopted by them after a 3-days discussion. He returned in the spring of 1847, and in March pub. a his tory of his discovery. The controversy which ensued impaired his already enfeebled health, and produced mental aberration, under the influ ence of which he committed suicide. The evi dence of his claim was placed before Congress in 1853 by Hon. Truman Smith, and was sub sequently pub. under the title of " An Exami nation of the Question of Anaesthesia," N.Y. I860. See also art. "Morton, W. T. G." Wells, SAMUEL, gov. 1856-7, and some years judge Sup. Court, of Me., b. N.II. about 1805; d. Boston, 15 July, 1868. Wells, WILLIAM CHARLES, M.D. (U. of Edinb. 1780), F.R.S. (1793), naturalist, b. Charleston, S.C., May, 1757 ; d. Sept. 18, 1817. Son of Robert, bookseller of Charleston, pub. of the Gazette, and a loyalist, who pub. a trav esty of Virgil; d. Lond. 1794, a. 66. After completing his studies abroad, he returned to Charleston early in 1781, and, while there, acted at the same time as a printer, a bookseller, and a merchant. In Dec. 17 82, on his arrival with WJEL 969 the king s troops at St. Augustine, E. Fla., he edited the first weekly newspaper that had ap peared in that province, and also became capt. of loyalist vols.; in 1784 he settled in Lond., and in 1788 was adm. a licentiate of the Coll. of Physicians ; in 1790 he was elected physician to the Finsbury Dispensary ; in 1 798 assist, phy sician to, and in 1 800 one of the physicians of, St. Thomas s Hospital. His celebrated essay on Dew app. in Aug. 1814, and established his philos. reputation. In the same year he was adm. a member of the Royal Soc. of Edinb. ; and in 1816 was presented by the Royal Soc. of London with th^ gold and silver Rumford medals. He also pub. in 1792 an essay upon Single Vision with Two Eyes, and in 1780-1 several small political pieces without his name, and an account of Henry Laurens, under the signature of " Marius," in the Public Advertiser. A vol. of his works, containing essays on Vis ion and Dew, was pub. in London in 1816. Wells, WILLIAM HARVEY, b. Tolland, Ct., 1812. Some time principal State Norm. School, Westficld, Ms. ; subseq. supr. public schools, Chicago. Author of " Grammar of the Eng. Lang.," 1846; "Elem. Eng. Grammar," 1848; " Graded Course of Instr.," 1862. Editor Ms. Teacher. Contrib. to educ. journals. Allibone. Wells, WILLIAM VINCENT, author, b. Boston, Jan. 2, 1826. Educated in the Boston schools ; afterward in the merchant-service, and 4 times wrecked; and went in 1849 to Califor nia, where he built and com. the first steamboat seen there. He pub. " Walker s Expedition to Nicaragua," 1856 ; "Explorations and Adven tures in Honduras," 1857 ; and "Life of Sam uel Adams" (his ancestor), 3 vols. 8vo, 1865, with his letters, writings, and State papers. Mr. Wells has owned and edited several news papers in San Francisco. Contrib. to Harper s Mag. and Weekly; and corresp. from abroad with various journals. Late consul-gen, at Honduras. Duyckinck. Wemyss, FRANCIS COURTNEY, actor and manager, b. London, May 13, 1797 ; d. New York, Jan. 5, 1 859. He app. at the Adelphi, London, Apr. 2, 1821 ; and made his de but at the Chestnut-st., Phila., Dec. 11, 1822, as Vap id in " The Dramatist." Author of " Chro nology of the Amer. Stage," 12mo, 1852; "26 Years of the Life of an Actor and Manager," 2 vols. 1847. He edited the "Minor Drama," 7 vols. 12mo. Wendell, JOHN L., reporter N.Y. Sup. Court, b. 1784 ; d. Hartford, Ct., 13 Dec. 1861. Author of the Law Reports of N.Y. 1828-41, 26 vols ; "Digest Sup. Court Reports 1828- 35," 8vo, 1836. Went worth, BENNING, gov. of N. H. (1734-67), oldest son of Lieut.-Gov. John of Dover, b. Portsmouth, N.H., July 24, 1696; d. there Oct. 14, 1770. H.U. 1715. He was a merchant ; frequently a representative in the Assembly; and was app. a councillor, Oct. 12, 1734. In 1749 he commenced making grant? of land on the W. side of the Ct. River, in what is now Southern Vt. This domain was claimed by N. Y., occasioning the collision, so famous in the history of Vt., respecting the " New-Hampshire Grants." The town of Ben- nington, Vt., was named in his honor. He gave, to Dartm. Coll. 500 acres of land, on which its buildings were erected. Wentworth, COL. JOHN, jurist, b. Dover N.H., 30 Mar. 1719; d. 17 May, 1781. Great- grandson of Wm. of Dover. Member legisl. 1768-75, and speaker in 1771 ; chairman of the Revol. com. of corresp., and pres. of the first conv. held in 1774; State councillor 1776-81 ; judge of C.C.P. for Strafford Co. 1773-6 ; and judge Sup. Court 1776-81. His son JOHN, Jun. (b. 17 July, 1745, d. Dover, 10 Jan, 1787, H.U. 1768^), was an active Revol. patriot; member legisl. 1776-80; member com. of safe ty ; deleg. to the Cont. Congress 1778-9, and a signer of the Art. of Confed. ; councillor 1780- 4, and senator 1784-7. Wentworth, SIR JOHN, LL.D. (Oxon. 1766), gov. N.II. 1766-75, bart. 1795, b. Ports mouth, N.H., 9 Aug. 1737; d. Halifax, N.S., 8 Apr. 1820. H.U. 1755. Son of Mark Hunk- ing, councillor of N.H., who d. 27 Dec. 1785, and nephew of Gov. Benning. Sent in 1765 to Eng. as agent of the Province, he attracted the favorable notice of the Marquis of Rocking- ham, who procured him his app. of gov. ; also that of surveyor of the king s woods in Amer., worth 700 per annum. At the outbreak of the Revol. in 1775, he went to Eng. Lieut.-gov. of Nova Scotia 14 May, 1792-1808. He gave its charter to Dartm. Coll., encouraged the agric. and promoted the settlement of N.H., and possessed talents of a high order. In 1769 he m. his cousin Mrs. Atkinson. Their son, Sir CHARLES MARY, d. April, 1844. Wentworth, JOHN, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1867), journalist and politician, grandson of John, jun., b. Sandwich, N.H., March 5, 1815. Dartm. Coll. 1836. Removed to 111. in Oct. 1836, and edited the Chicago Democrat till July, 1861. In 1841 he studied law at Camb. Law School; was adm. to the bar in 1841; and was M.C. in 1843-51, 1853-5, and 1865-7. He was an adherent of the Democ. party and of Mr. Douglas until the repeal of the Mis souri Compromise, and afterward Republican. Mayor of Chicago in 1857, and took a leading part in the Const. Conv. of 1861. Author of a " History of the Family of Wentworth," 2 vols. 8vo, 1870. Wentworth, WILLIAM, an early colonist of N.H., progenitor of all of the name in the U.S., b. Eng. ab. 1610; d. Dover, N.H., Mar. 16, 1697. He was a follower of Rev. John Wheelwright, and, with that clergyman and 33 others, signed, Aug. 4, 1639, " A combination for a govt. at Exeter, N.H." He removed to Wells, Me., and from thence to Dover, where he was a ruling elder in the church, preaching often, and regularly supplying the pulpit at Exeter as late as 1693. In 1689 he was instru mental in saving Heard s garrison from the Indians. Werden, REED, commo. U.S.N., I. Pa. Feb. 28, 1817. Phila. Naval School, 1840. Midshipm. Jan. 9, 1834; lieut. Feb. 27, 1847; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866; commo. 1871. Com. a party of seamen at the capture of Tuspan, Mex., 1847 ; com. steamer " Stars and Stripes " at capture of Roanoke Island and Newbern ; fleet-capt. E. Gulf block, squadron, 1864-5; com. " Powhatau," and 970 "WES Blockaded Confed. rum " Stonewall " in Ha vana until surrendered to the Spanish govt. Hatner sly. Wereat, JOHN, patriot of Ga. ; d. Bryan Co. 1798. He was an early and decided ad vocate of liberty. Member of the first Prov. Congress in 1775; speaker in 1776 ; and after the fall of Savannah in 1779, as pres. of the exec, council, exercised the functions of gov. ; pres. of the conv. which ratified the Federal Constitution at Augusta, Jan. 2, 1788. Wertmuller, ADOLPH ULRIC, painter, b. Stockholm* 1750 ; d. near Marcus Hook, Pa., Oct. 5, 1811. He studied and pursued his profession in Paris some years, and came to Phila. in 1794, but returned to Europe in 1796. He returned to Phila. in 1800, and obtained an income by exhibiting his picture of Dunae, which he sold for $1,500. He left a portrait of Washington. Wesley, CHARLES, poet and clergyman, b. Epworth, Dec. 18, 1708; d. London, March 29, 1788. Oxford U. 1732. He was a con spicuous member of the small religious society from which Arminian-Methodism may be said to have sprung ; and in 1735, after having been ord. deacon and priest, accompanied his bro. John on a mission to Ga. in the capacity of sec. to Gov. Oglethorpe. He labored assiduously as a preacher among the Indians and colonists ; returned to Eng. in 1736 ; and soon after com menced his brilliant and successful career as a Methodist preacher. His sons CHARLES and SAMUEL acquired great reputation for their musical talents. Of the hymns now in use by the Wesleyans, 625 are by Charles Wesley. A vol. of his sermons, with a Memoir, was pub. 1816; Journal, with notes by Rev. Thomas Jackson, 1841, 2 vols. 8vo. Wesley, JOHN, the celebrated founder of the sect of Methodists, b. Epworth, in Lincoln shire, June 17, 1703; d. Mar. 2, 1791. Oxf. U. 1726. Son of Samuel, rector of Epworth. Disting. at Oxford by his adroitness in argu ment, as well as his classical and theological attainments. Ord. deacon in 1725. In 1730 he and his brother Charles, with a few other students, formed themselves into a small society on principles of greater austerity and devotion than prevailed in the university, receiving the name of Methodists. He soon became leader of the association, and upon the death of his father in 1735, during which year the cele brated Whitefield joined his society, accomp. Oglethorpe to Ga. to preach the gospel among the settlers and Indians. For some time, his labors as a preacher promised to be successful ; but he soon rendered himself offensive to the colonists by his severe and injudicious conduct. He passed six months in Georgia without pos sessing a single shilling. His ascetic practices and numerous eccentricities created some doubts as to the solidity of his judgment. On his return to Eng. early in 1738 he commenced itinerant preaching, and gathered many followers. The churches being shut against him, he built spa cious meeting-houses in London, Bristol, and other places. For some time he was united with Whitefield ; but, differences arising upon the doctrine of election, they separated, and the Methodists were denominated according to their respective leaders. "Wesley was inclefati gable in his labors, and almost continual!} engaged in travelling over England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. He pub. some vols. of hymns, numerous sermons, political tracts, and controversial treatises. He was the most successful preacher of modern times, and was the law-giver, as well as the apostle, of Ar minian-Methodism. Wessels, GEN. HENRY WALTON, b. Litch- field, Ct., Feb. 20, 1809. West Point, 1833. He studied at the milit. school of Capt. Partridge atMiddletown; entered the 2d Inf. in 1833; en gaged in Seminole war,Fla., 1837-42; Istlieut. 7 July, 1838 ; capt. 16 Fet>. 1847; brev. major Aug. 20, 1847, for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, and in the former battle wounded ; major 6th Inf. June 6, 1861 ; brig.-gen. of vols. April 25, 1862. He served in the Peninsular campaign, and wounded at Fair Oaks 31 May, 1862 ; in defence of Suffolk, Va., Sept.-Dec. 1862 ; in N.C. Dec. 1862 to 20 Apr. 1864, and engaged in combats of Kinston 14 Dec., Goldsborough 17 Dec., and defence of New- bern; com. at defence of Plymouth, May, 1863, to Apr. 22, 1864, where, after four days hard fighting, he was taken prisoner ; brev. col. and brig.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, services during the Rebellion; lieut.-col. Feb. 16, 1865 ; retired 1 Jan. 1871. Cullum. Wesson, JAMES, col. Revol. army ; d. Marlborough, Ms., 15 Oct. 1809, a. 72. Maj. in L. Baldwin s regt. at the siege of Boston ; raised and com. the 9th Ms. Regt. ; and disting. at Saratoga and at Monmouth, where he was severely wounded by a cannon-ball. West, BENJAMIN, LL. D. (B. U. 1792), mathem. and astron., b. Rehoboth, Ms., Mar. 1730; d. Providence, R.I., 13 Aug. 1813. Re moving to Providence in 1753, he was a book seller there until the Revol.; then manuf. clothing for the Cont. soldiers, all the while prosecuting his scientific studies. He pub. an almanac there in 1763-93; furnished a paper on the transit of Venus and Mercury in 1769 for the Roy. Soc. of Lond. ; was made a fellow of the Amer. Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1781 ; was prof, of mathem. in the Pr.-Ep. Sem. at Phila. in 1784-6; prof, of mathem. and nat. philos. in B.U. 1786-99 ; postmaster of Prov., 1802-13. West, BENJAMIN, a celebrated painter, b. near Springfield, Pa., Oct. 10, 1738 ; d. Lon don, March 10, 1820. His parents were Qua kers ; but, perceiving in their son an innate pro pensity for the art of drawing, they allowed him to cultivate his talents in opposition to the rigid principles of their sect. Accordingly, after having for a short time served as a soldier under Gen. Forbes, West, who had removed to Phila., in 1756 commenced portrait-paint ing, which profession he subsequently exercised in New York; in 1760 he visited" Italy and France, and remained some time at Paris ; in 1763 he arrived in Eng., and met such encour agement that he took up his permanent resi dence there. By the order of George III., he executed his picture of " The Departure of Regulus from Rome," which procured him much reputation. At the foundation of the Royal Acad. in 1768, he became a member. WES 971 and in 1792 succeeded Sir Joshua Reynolds as pres. Among the earlier productions of his pencil, that which attracted most notice was his s painting of "The Death of Gen. Wolfe," which, by representing for the first time in an historical picture the modern costume, occa sioned a revolution in art. The British Insti tution presented him with 3,000 guineas for a painting of " Christ Healing the Sick." One of the latest of his great works was a represen tation of " Death on the Pale Horse," from the Revelation. In 1817 he lost his wife, a Miss Shewell of Phila. As a painter he is celebrated for gracefulness of execution and harmon v of coloring. See Life bu J. Gait, 8vo, Phila. 1816. West, SAMUEL, D.D. (H.U. 1793), minis ter of New Bedford, Ms., b. Yarmouth, March 4, 1730; d. Tiverton, R.I., Sept. 24, 1807. H. U. 1754. Engaged in early life in farming. His intelligence led some discerning neighbors to give him a liberal education. He was ord. ab. 1764. In 1765 he became a partisan of the Whigs; wrote forcibly for the newspapers; and deciphered the treasonable letter of Dr. Church. He was a member of the conv. for framing the constitution of Ms., and for the adoption of that of the U. S. ; and was a mem ber of the Academies of Sciences at Phila. and at Boston. He was an original thinker and an independent inquirer. He pub. some sermons, and "Essays on Liberty and Necessity," 1793- 5, a reply to Edwards on the Will. West, STEPHEN, D.D. (Dartm. 1792), cler gyman, b. Tolland, Ct., Nov. 13, 1735; d. Stockbridge, Ms., May 15, 1819. Y. C. 1755. In 1756 he taught a school in Hatfield, Ms. He was chaplain at Hoosick Fort in 1757 ; suc ceeded Jonathan Edwards in the Indian mis sion at Stockbridge in 1768; and was pastor of the Cong, church there from June 15, 1759, to 1770. From an Arminian he then became an Hopkinsian. Besides sermons and other pamphlets, he pub. " An Essay on Moral Agen cy," 17 72, enlarged ed. 1794; "Duty and Obli gation of Christians to Marry only in the Lord," 1779 ; " An Essay on the Scripture Doctrine of the Atonement," 1785; "An In quiry into the Ground and Import of Infant Baptism," 1794; "Life of Rev. -Samuel Hop kins, D.D.," 1805 ; and "Evidences of the Di vinity of Christ," 1816. West, WILLIAM E., portrait-painter; d. Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 2, 1857. After an ardu ous career as a portrait-painter in the West and South, and several years of study in Italy, he went to London, where his "Annette de TArbre," exhibited at the Royal Acad., brought him into notice, and where he lived many years. An unfortunate speculation led to his return to the U.S. ; and he subsequently re sided in New York until the infirmities of age caused him to take up his abode with his kin dred at Nashville. While in Italy, he painted Byron and the Countess Guiccioli. Among his pictures is " The Confessional," " The Pride of the Village," portraits of Mrs. Hem- ans, Thos. Swan, &c. Tucker man. Westcott, THOMPSON, editor Phila. Sun day Desjiatch since its beginning in 1848, b. Phila. 1820. Adm. to the Phila. bar 1841. Author of a Life of John Fitch, 1857 ; " Tax Payer s Guide," 1864; "Names of Persons, &c., with a History of the Test Laws of Pa.," 8vo, 1865; "Chronicles of the Great Rebel lion," originally compiled for the Old Frank lin Almanac. He is preparing a history of the city of Phila. Altibone. Wetherill, SAMUEL, 1736-1816; b. Bur lington, N. J. An early resident of Phila., where he was an eminent manufacturer, and a preacher of the society of Free Quakers. Pub. " An Apology for the Religious Society called Free Quakers," a tract on the " Divinity of Christ," and other theol. treatises. Simpson. Wetmore, ALPHONSO, capt. U.S.A. Au thor of " Gazetteer of Mo.," 1837. App. from N.Y. ensign 23d Inf. 14 Apr. 1812; lost an arm in the exped. under Col. Winder to the Canada shore, below Fort Erie, 28 Nov. 1812; capt. Dec. 1819; res. May, 1833; d. St. Louis, 13 June, 1849. His son LEONIDAS, capt. U.S.A., and disting. in Fla, and Mexico, d. Mo. 18 Oct. 1849. Wetmore, PROSPER MONTGOMERY, au thor, b. Stratford, Ct., 14 Feb. 1798. In his 9th year he removed with his parents to N. York; entered a counting-room, and engaged in mer cantile pursuits. He began to write for the magazines in 1816; and in 1830 pub. "Lex ington, with Ofher Fugitive Poems ; " in 1832 he delivered a poem on "Ambition" before one of the literary societies of N. York; in 1838 he edited the poems of James Nack. Regent of the U. of N.Y. in 1833; he promoted the public-school system as chairman of the com. on colleges and academies in the State legisl. in 1834-5 ; pres. of the American Art Union, which he soon made a national institution ; and a most active member and supporter of the N.Y. Hist. Society ; many years paymaster-gen, of the State militia. Author of " Observations on the War with Mexico," 8vo, 1847 ; d. Little Neck, L.I., Mar. 18, 1876, Wharton, CHARLES HENRY, D.D., Epis. clergyman and scholar, b. St. Mary s Co., Md., June 5, 1748; d. Burlington, N. J., July 22, 1833. His parents being Catholics, he was sent in 1760 to St. Omer s, in 1762 to Bruges, and subsequently resided some years at Liege, partly as a scholar, and partly as a tutor in mathematics. Returning to America, he visit ed Phila. in 1784 for the purpose of publishing his celebrated letter to the Roman Catholics of the city of Worcester. After joining the Epis. Church, he officiated at Newcastle, Del., subse quently in the Swedish Church at Wilmington, and finally at St. Mary s Church, Burlington, N. J., of which he was rector 35 years. In 1805 he was pres. of Col. Coll., N.Y. Author of " A Poetical Epistle to Gen. Geo. Washing ton," Annap. 1779, repr. Lond. 1780 ; " Reply to an Address to the R. Catholics of the U.S., 8vo, 1785; "Inquiry into the Proofs of the Divinity of Christ," 8vo, 1796 ; " Concise View," Svo, 1817. His remains, with a Me moir by G. W. Doane, D.D., was pub. 2 vols. 12mo, 1834. Wharton, FRANCIS, D.D., LL.D., jurist, b. Phila. 1820. Y.C. 1839, and afterward prac tised law in his native city. In 1856-63 he was prof, of logic and rhetoric in Kenyon Coll., 972 O. Oril. in tlie Prot.-Epis. Church 1863 ; rec tor of St. Paul s, Brookline, Ms., and prof, in Camb. (Epis.) Theol. School. He has pub. " Treatise on the Criminal Law of the U.S.," 6th ed., 3 vols. 8vo, 1868 ; " Treatise on Con veyancing," 8vo, 1851; "Law Dictionary," 2d ed., 1860 ; " State Trials of the U.S. during the Administrations of Washington and Adams," 1849; "A Treatise on the Law of Homicide in the U.S.," 1855; with Moreton Stille, "A Treatise on Medical Jurisp.," 1855 ; a " Trea tise on Theism and Scepticism," 1858 ; " Pre cedents of Indictments and Pleas," 8vo, 1849 ; "The Silence of Scripture," a series of lec tures, 1867 ; co-editor Epis. Recorder. He is a contributor to many periodicals. Wharton, THOMAS I., lawyer, b. Phila. 1791 ; d. there 9 Apr. 1856. Many years an eminent member of the Phila. bar, also re porter Pa. Sup. Court. Author of " Digest of U.S. Circ.-Court Reports, 3d Dist.," 2 vols. 8vo ; " Digested Index of Reports of the South ern and Western States," 8vo, 1824 ; " Dis course on the Landing of Wm. Penn," 8vo, 1826; "Reports Pa. Sup. Court, 1835-41," vols. 8vo ; " Memoir of Wm. Rawle, LL.D." (Hist. Soc. Pa. Mem., vol. iv.), &c. Altibone. Wheatland, HENRY, M.D. (H.U. 1837,) b. Salem, Ms., llJan y., 1812. H.U. 1832. Son of Capt. Richard and Martha Goodhue. Has never practised medicine, but has given much attention to historical and scientific in vestigations. An original member of the Am. Assoc. for the Advancement of Science; a founder of the Essex-Co. Nat.-Hist. Soc., and of the Essex Institute, of which he was presi dent; and also vice-president of the Peabody Academy of Science. Member, also, of many other literary and scientific bodies. Wheatley, PHILLIS, a negro poetess, b. Africa ab. 1753; d. Boston, Dec. 5, 1784. She was brought from Africa in 1761 between seven and eight years of age, and acquired in the family of John Wheatley of Boston, within 16 months after her arrival, the English lan guage to such a degree as to read the most difficult parts of Scripture, and learned to write in a short time. She began very early to write verse, and evinced poetic ability in some poems written at the age of 14. Her " Poems " were pub. in London in 1773 with a copper-plate portrait, and dedicated to the Countess of Hun- tington June 12, 1773 (when about to visit London with a member of her master s family). They possess much merit, and have been seve ral times reprinted. After her return from Eng., she m. a colored man, Dr. John Peters, who fell into poverty during the Revolution. The most important of her occasional un- collected verses are the lines to Gen. Washing ton in 1775, which were acknowledged by him in a letter dated Feb. 2, 1776, and appeared with the letter in the Pennsylvania Mwj. for April, 1776. She wrote elegiac verses on George Whitefield and on Dr. Samuel Cooper. Her letters were privately printed 8vo, 1864. See Proc. Afs. Hist. Soc., j\ 7 ov. 1863. Wkeaton, GEN. FRANK, b. Providence, R.I., 8 May, 1 833. Son of Dr. Francis L. and Amelia S. Civil engr., and engaged in Cal. and in Mexican boundary surveys in 1850-5; 1st lieut. U. S. Cav. Mar. 3, 1855; engaged with Cheyenne Indians near Fort Kearney, capt. 1st Cav. Mar. 1, 1861 ; licut.-col. 2d R .I Vols. at first Bull Run; col. July, 1861; en gaged in the Peninsular campaign, second Bull Run, Antietam, and Fredericksburg ; brig.- gen. U. S. Vols. Nov. 29, 1862; com. brigade at Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, defence of Harper s Ferry, battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Peters burg, Weldon R.R., Reams s Station, andOpe- quan; maj. 2d Cav. Nov. 1863; com. division 6th corps at Fisher s Hill, Cedar Creek, Hatch er s Run, Armstrong s Mills, capture of Peters burg, battle of Sailor s Creek, and surrender of Lee; brev. maj .-gen. vols. for Opcquan, Fish er s Hill, and Middleton, Va. ; brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A. for the Wilderness; col. for Cedar Creek ; brig.-gen. for capture of Petersburg, and maj .-gen. for gallant and merit, services during the war; lieut-col. 39th U.S. Inf. Julv 28, 1866; transf. to 21st Inf. 15 Mar. 1869"; and presented with a sword by his native State. Wheaton, HENRY, LL.D. (B.U. 1819 ; H.U. 1845), jurist and diplomatist, b. Provi dence, R.I., Nov. 27, 1785 ; d. Dorchester, Ms., March 11,1848. Brown U. 1802. He studied law ; went to France in 1 804 ; spent a year and a half at the law schools at Poitiers, and 6 months in London ; began practice in Provi dence on his return ; but in 1812 removed to New York. He there edited the National Ad vocate, and in it discussed the vexed question of violated neutral rights. He was during the same period, for a short time, one of the justices of the marine court. In 1816-27 he was re porter for the U. S. Sup. Court, publishing 12 vols. of its decisions ; a prominent member of the N. Y. Const. Conv. of 1821 ; in 1825 he was one of the commiss. to revise the statute law of N.Y ; in 1827-35 he was charge d af faires to Denmark, being the first U.S. diplo matic agent sent to that country ; resident minis ter at Berlin in 1835-7, and in 1837-46 minister- plenipo. He returned to the U.S. in 1847, and was complimented with public dinners in New York and Phila., and with the chair of prof, of international law in H.U., the duties of which he was prevented from assuming by death. In 1843 he became a corresp. member of the French Institute, and in 1 844 a foreign member of the Roy. Acad. of Science of Ber lin. His publications were "A Digest U. S. Sup.-Court Decisions 1789-1829," 8vo; "A Digest of the Law of Maritime Prizes," 1815 ; " An Essay on the Means of maintaining the Commercial and Naval Interests of the U.S. ; " " Life of Wm. Pinkney," 1 826 ; and subsequent ly an abridgment for Sparks s " Amer. Biog. ; " " History of the Northmen," 1831, translated into French, and pub. in Paris in 1844 with notes and additions by Mr. Wheaton ; " His tory of Scandinavia," the joint production of Mr. Wheaton and Dr. Crichton (a sequel to " The History of the Northmen "), 1838 ; " Ele ments of International Law," 1836, the Sth ed. (1866) has the notes of R. II. Dana, jun. (this work is regarded throughout Europe as a standard authority) ; "An Inquiry into the British Claim of a Right of Search of American Vessels," 1842. In 1841 l.e wrote "WHIIC 973 a prize essay for the French Institute, of which the English translation, entitled " History of the Law of Nations in Europe and America from the Earliest Times to the Treaty of Wash ington/ appeared in N.Y. in 1845, and, great ly enlarged, in Leipsic and Paris in 1846. As a reporter he was unrivalled. He was a constant contributor to the American Quarterly, the N. A. Review, and other periodicals ; de livered several addresses before the literary societies of N.Y. ; the anniv. address before the Hist. Soc. in 1820 ; and an " Essay on the Progress and Prospects of Germany" before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Brown U., Sept. 1, 1847. A vol. of selections from the writings of his son ROBERT (b. N.Y. Oct. 5, 1826, d. Oct. 9, 1851) appeared in 1854, with a Memoir by his sister. Wheaton, NATHANIEL SHELDON, D.D., (Y.C. 1833), b. Washington, Ct., Aug. 20, 1792; d. there March 18, 1862. Y.C. 1814. In 1818-31 he was rector of Christ Church, Hartford; was pres. of Trin. Coll. till 1837, when he became rector of Christ Church, New Orleans, where he continued 7 years. In 1 823-4 he visited Europe, and in 1839 pub. "Journal of a Residence in London, and of Tours in England, Scotland, and France;" and in 1844 went abroad again. He was an efficient founder of Trinity College, for the endowment of which he raised" $40,000, and bequeathed to it $20,000 more. He also pub. an expository vol. and oc casional discourses. Whedon, DANIEL DENISON, D.D. (Em. Coll.), LL.D. (Wesl. U. 1867), of the M.E. Church, b. Onondaga, N.Y., 1808. Ham. Coll. 1828; tutor there 1832-48. Prof, ancient lan guage and lit. Wesl. U. 1845-53; prof, rhet., logic, and hist., U. of Mich. Author of " Pub lic Addresses," 12mo, 1852 ; " Commentary on Matthew and Mark," 1860; "Freedom of the Will," 1864; " Commentary on the Gospels," 2 vols. 1866 ; Single Sermons and Addresses. Ed. \leth. Quart. Rev., and the books of the M. E. Pub. House. Wheeler, CHARLES STEARNS, scholar, b. Lincoln, Dec. 19, 1816; d. Leipsic, Ger many, June 13, 1843. H.U. 1837. He was an instructor at H.U. in 1838-42, and pub. an edition of " Herodotus," 2 vols. 8vo, 1843, the notes to which displayed much learning. Wheeler, JOHN, D.D. (U. C. 1834), pres. of the U. of Vt. 1833-49, b. Grafton, Vt., Mar. 11, 1798; d. Burlington, Vt., April 16, 1862. Dartm. Coll. 1816; Andover, 1819. In 1804 his parents removed to Orford, N.H. Licensed by the Haverhill Assoc. Aug. 4, 1819. Ord. pastor Cong. Church, Windsor, Vt., Nov. 1, 1821. He pub. discourses on the death of Pros. Harrison, John Smith, James Marsh, and an hist, discourse at the Semi-Cent. Anniv. of the U. of Vt., Aug. 1, 1854. Wheeler, CAPT. THOMAS of Concord, Ms., 1642, b. Eng. ; d. 16 Dec. 1686. He served and was wounded in Philip s war. His narrative of his exped. to the Nipmug country in 1675 is in the N. H. Hist. " Collections." Wheeler, WILLIAM ADOLPHUS, author, b. Leicester, Ms., 14 Nov. 1833. Bowd. Coll. 1853. He was many years engaged upon the Dictionaries of Worcester and Webster, and in 1867 became assist, supt. of the Boston Public Library. Author of " Dictionary of Noted Names of Fiction," 1865; d. Oct. 29, 1874. Wheelock, ELEAZER, D. D. (Edinb. 1767), clergyman, founder and first pres. of Dartm. Coll., b. Windham, Ct., Apr. 22, 1711 ; d. Hanover, N.H., April 24, 1779. Y.C. 1733. Descended from Ralph of Shropshire (edu cated at Cambridge, and an eminent preacher), who came to this country in 1637; settled first at Dedham, and then at Medfield, where ha died in 1683, a. 83. Eleazer was ord. pastor of the 2d Cong. Church, Lebanon, Ct., in Mar. 1735, and remained 35 years. ^ He opened a school in 1754 ; and the proficiency of one of his pupils, an Indian boy named Samson Oc- com, led to his establishing Moor s Indian Charity School, out of which grew eventually Dartm. Coll. For its enlargement, Rev. Mr. Whitaker of Norwich, and Samson Occom, were sent to Great Britain in 1 766. The money they collected was put into the hands of a board of trustees in Eng., of which the Earl of Dartmouth was the head. A large tract of land being offered in N.H., he transplanted his school to Hanover, and there founded the col lege, which was chartered in 1 769. He removed thither in Aug. 1770. Brandt was one of his pupils. He pub. a narrative of the Indian school at Lebanon, 1762, and several continua tions of it up to 1775, together with an abstract of a mission to the Del. Indians west of the Ohio by McClure and Frisbie, and some ser mons. His Memoir, with extracts from his Cor- resp. by McClure and Parish, was pub. 1811. WheelOCk, JOHN, A.M. (Dartm. 1789), LL.D., second pres. of Dartm. Coll., b. Leba non, Ct., Jan. 28, 1754; d. April 4, 1817. Dartm. Coll. 1771. Tutor 1772-4. He en tered Yale in 1767 ; but, on the removal of his father to Hanover, grad. there with the first class. Member of the Prov. Congress in 1774, of the Assembly in 1775 ; was app. a major in the N. York forces in the spring of 1777, and in Nov. was a lieut.-col. under Col. Bedell ; in 1778 Gen. Stark sent him on an exped. against the Indians ; after which he held a position on Gen. Gates s staff until recalled to Hanover by the death of his father, and at the age of 25 became his successor as pres. of the college. In 1783 the trustees sent him to Europe to procure aid for the institution. On his return he was shipwrecked off Cape Cod, and lost the box containing his money and papers. Removed in 1815 in consequence of an eccles. controver sy among the trustees, a legislative act was passed, enlarging the board, and changing the title of the college. The celebrated " Dart mouth-College Case," in which Webster gained great reputation, was the result, and the uncon- stitutionality of the act was declared. A new board of trustees restored him to office in 1817 ; but he died a few weeks later. He bequeathed half his large estate to Princeton Theol. Sem. He pub. " Sketches of the History of Dartmouth College," 181 6; "Eulogy on Dr. Smith," 1809; "Essay on the Beauties and Excellences of Painting, Music, and Poetry," 4to, 1774. Wheelwright, JOHN, clergyman, b. Lin- colnshire, Eng., ab. 1592; d. Salisbury, Ms., Nov. 15, 1679. B.A. (Carnb. U.) 1614. Son 974 of Roburt of Saleby. He was a classmate of Cromwell ; and in 1623-31 was vicar of Bilsby, near Alford; but, being driven in 1636 from his church by Archbishop Laud for nonconformi ty, he came to Boston, where he was chosen pastor of a church in what is now Braintree. His sympathy with the religious opinions of his relative Anne Hutchinson led to animosi ties between him and Mr. Wilson,. pastor of the Boston church, and to his banishment from the Colony. In 1638 he founded Exeter on a branch of the Piscataqua. After residing there 5 years, the town being declared within the limits of Ms., he removed with part of his church to Wells, Me. In 1644 a reconciliation took place between him and the colonial govt. of Ms., in consequence of some acknowledg ments on his part ; and he returned to Ms. in 1646. He was settled at Hampton 8 years. In 1654 he pub. his "Vindication." About 1657 he went to Eng., where he was well received by Cromwell, but returned in 1660, and became pastor of Salisbury, May 9, 1 662. The genuine ness of the Indian deed to him, dated 1629, has been the subject of much controversy. Author of "Mercurius Americanus," &c., London, 4to, 1645. See Geneal. Reg., Oct. 1867; Sprague. Whelp ley, SAMUEL, minister and author, b. Stockbridge, Ms., 1766; d. N. York, July 14, 1817. Ord. a Baptist preacher 21 June, 1792, and a Presbyterian preacher 8 Oct. 1806 ; officiating at W. Stockbridge, Ms., and at Green River, N. J. In 1798-1809 he resided at Morristown, N. J., where he had charge of an academy; in 1814 he returned to New York, where he taught a very popular school. Author of the essays entitled " The Triangle," pub. N.Y. 1816, in defence of the N. Eng. doc trines; "Letters on Capital Punishment and War," addressed to Gov. Strong, 1816 ; " A Compend. of Ancient and Modern History," 1814, and again in 1826. His son PHILIP MELANCTHON, a Presb. clergyman of N.Y. (b. Stockbridge, Ms., 22 Dec. 1792, d. 17 July, 18-24), was the author of some occas. sermons. Whipple, ABRAHAM, commodore Revol. navy, b. Providence, R.I., Sept. 26, 1733; d. Marietta, O., May 29, 1819. He com. a mer chant-vessel in the W. India trade ; but, towards the close of the French war in 1759-60, he was capt. of the privateer " Game Cock," captur ing in a single cruise 23 French prizes. In June, 1772, he com. the vol. crew which cap tured and burned the British revenue schoon er "Gaspe"in Narraganset Bay. In June, 1 775, two armed vessels were fitted out by R.I., of which Whipple was put in com. with the title of commodore ; off Newport he made prize of one of the tenders of the British frigate " Rose." App. capt. of " The Columbus," Dec. 22, 1775 ; he afterward com. the schooner " Providence," which, though finally destroyed by the British, is said to have taken more prizes than any other vessel. Her memory was pre served by the frigate " Providence," the com. of which was given to him ; and her escape from the blockade of the river and bay was one of the most chivalrous feats of the Revolution. Subsequently, till the termination of his career in the contest, he com. a squadron ; and on one occasion the prize-money from his captures amounted to $1,000,000. In 1780, when en deavoring to save Charleston from the enemy, he lost his squadron, and was held a prisoner during the remainder of the war. He resided on a farm in Cranston, near Providence, until the formation of the Ohio Company in 1788, when he removed his family to Marietta. Whipple, GEN. AMIEL W., b. Green wich, Ms., 1817; d. Washington, D. C., May 7, 1863. West Point, 1841. 2d lieut. 1st Art., and transferred to the topog. engrs. ; in 1844 assist, astronomer to the N.E. boundary sur vey; in 1845 employed in ascertaining the northern boundaries of N. Y., Vt., and N. H. ; in 1849 assist, astron. on the Mexican bounda ry commiss., his journal of which was pub. by order of Congress ; 1st lieut. 1851 ; capt. of topog. engrs. 1 July, 1855. Early in 1861 he was made chief engr. on the staff of Gen. Mc Dowell ; was at the first battle of Bull Run ; maj. of engrs. Sept. 9, 1861 ; attached to Mc- Clellan s staff in April, 1862: brig.-gen. of vols. 14 Apr. 1862; com. a division in the 9th army corps ; and at the time of his death (from wounds at Chancellorsville) com. the 3d div. 3d corps. Brev. lieut.-col. for Manassas ; col. for Fredericksburg ; brig.-gen. for Chuncellors- ville; maj.-gen. 7 May, 1863; maj.-gen. vols. 6 May, 1863. Cullum. Whipple, EDWIN PERCY, essayist, b. Gloucester, Ms., March 8, 1819. His father Matthew dying when he was an infant, his ear ly character was formed by his mother, Lydia Gardiner, a woman of strong mental power. Educated at the public schools of Salem. At the age of 14 he was a contrib. to a Salem newspaper. He was subsequently employed in a broker s office in Boston ; became a member of the Merc. Lib. Assoc., and was soon a leader in debate and composition ; and, shortly after the erection of. the Merchants Exchange, he be came supt. of the news-room, which in 1860 he gave up for the exclusive pursuit of literature. He dehv. a poem before the Merc. Lib. Assoc. Sept. 29, 1840, which was full of playful humor and satirical hits. His " Essay on Macaulay," in 1843, increased his fame, and drew from the brilliant historian and essayist a letter expres sive of high regard. He has contrib. to the N. A. Review, Christian Examiner, and other periodicals. Many of these articles appear in his vols. of Lectures and Essays. He has deliv ered lectures of striking merit for the literary societies of Brown, Dartmouth, and Amherst, besides those delivered at the lyccums of the cities and towns of the Middle and Northern States. In 1 850 he was the Fourth-of- July ora tor for Boston, on " Washington and the Prin ciples of the American Revolution." In the spring of 1859 he delivered a course of 12 lec tures before the Lowell Institute, Boston, on " The Literature of the Age of Elizabeth," pub. in 1869. A new vol. of essays, " Success and its Conditions," app. in 1871 ; also a new edition of his works in 6 vols. Whipple, GEN. WILLIAM, a signer of the Decl. of Independence, b. Kittery, Me., Jan. 14, 1730; d. Nov. 28, 1785. After receiving a public-school education, he went to sea, and was several years com. of a vessel in the West- India trade, and acquired a considerable for- WHI 975 tune. Member of the prov. Congress of 1775, and of the com. of safety ; member of Congress 1776-Sept. 1777, when, the N. H. Assembly having assigned him to the com. of a brigade organized to oppose the progress of Burgoyne, he joined Gates s army, and at the battle of Saratoga com. the N.H. troops; in 1778 he took part in Gen. Sullivan s exped. to R.I. Again in Congress in 1778-9; member of the Assembly in 1 780-4, and of the exec, council ; and in 1782-4 supt. of finance, and receiver of public moneys for N.H. App. judge of the N. II. Superior Court in 1782. Whipple. WILLIAM D., brev. major-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. ab. 1830. West Point, 1851. Entering the 3d Inf., he became 1st lieut. 31 Dec. 1856; served against the Apaches and Navajoes in N. Mexico in 1857-8 ; assist, adj.- gen. of Hunter s div. at battle of Bull Run ; capt. and assist, adj.-gen. 3 Aug. 1861 ; major 17 July, 1862; brig.-gcn. vols. 17 July, 1863; assist, adj.-gen. of Army and Dept. of the Cum berland, Dec. 1863 to June, 1865; in operations about Chattanooga, and engaged at Mission. Ridge 23-25 Nov. 1863; in invasion of Ga. and in the engagements ending with the capture of Atlanta, Sept. 1864 ; engaged in the battle of Nashville, and pursuit of Hood, Dec. 1864; brev. col., brig, and maj. gen., 13 March, 1865, for Atlanta campaign, battles before Nashville, and for gallant and merit, services during the Rebellion. Outturn. Whistler, GEORGE W., engineer, b. Fort Wayne, Ind., 19 May, 1800; d. St. Petersburg, 7 Apr. 1849. West Point, 1819. Employed in 1822-8 on the Northern Boundary corn- miss. ; resigned from the U.S. engr. corps in 1833. He engaged in constructing the Balti more and Ohio and the Susqueh. and Western Railroads, and in 1842 became chief, engr. of the Petersburg and Moscow Railroad. Not only was the road to be built, but the iron for the track, the locomotives, cars, and every thing appertaining to the roads, were to be manuf. un der his supervision. He had also been employed to construct extensive dock-yards at St. Peters burg, and to improve the Russian harbors and rivers. His son GEORGE W., also a skilful railway engr.,d. Brighton, Eng., 24 Dec. 1869. Whistler, COL. WILLIAM, b. Md. ; d. Cin cinnati, Dec. 4, 1863. App. lieut. of inf. June 8, 1801 ; disting. in battle of Maguago, Aug. 9, 1812; capt. Dec. 1812; maj. 2d Inf. April 23, 1826; lieut.-col. 7th Inf. July 21, 1834; col. 4th Inf. July 15, 1845 ; retired Oct. 9, 1861. Son of Maj. John (aRevoI. officerwho d. 1827), brother of George W. Whistler. Whitaker, ALEXANDER, author of " Good Ncwes from Virginia," 1613. Was son of Rev. Dr. W., master of St. John s Coll., Cambridge; a graduate of Camb., and had been seated in the north of Eng., where he was held in great esteem. Animated by a missionary spirit, he came to Va. while young, and was one of the settlers of Henrico, on James River, in 1611. A church was built, and the minister "im paled " a fine parsonage with 100 acres of land, calling it Rock Hall. He baptized Pocahon- tas, and also married her to John Rolfe in April, 1613. WhitCOmb, JAMES, gov. of Ind. 1843-8, b. Stockbridge, Vt., Dec. 1, 1791 ; d. N. York, Oct. 4, 1852. Transylv. U. Jan. 1, 1824, he established himself in the practice of law at Bloomington, Ind.; in 1826 was app. pros, atty. for the dist. ; was a State senator in 1830- 5, and a leader of the Democ. party ; in 1836 he was app. supt. of the land-office*; resumed practice at Terre Haute in 1841 ; and in 1848 was returned to the U.S. senate. WhitCOmb, GEN. JOHN, b. Lancaster, Ms. ; d. 1812. He was a col. in the exped. against Crown Point in 1755 ; led a regt. to Boston in 1775 ; was app. by the Prov. Congress a brig.- gen., and 13 June, 1775, maj.-gen; was made a brig.-gen. on the Cont. establishment, 5 June, 1776, but soon left the service on account of advanced age. White, ANDREW DICKSON, LL.D. (U. of Mich. 1867), educator, b. of N. Eng. par entage, Cortland Co., N.Y., 1832. Y. C. 1853. Removed in 1839 to Syracuse, N.Y. On leav ing college, where he was an editor of the Yale Lit. Mag., he visited France; was for 7 months an attach^ at St. Petersburg; then studied at the U. of Berlin ; and, the following year, re turned to Amer. Prof, of hist, and Eng. lit. in the U. of Mich. 5 years. Visiting London in 1863, he pub. "A Letter to Dr. Russell," replying to statements in the letters of the Times corresp. State senator of N.Y. 1863-7, and introd. the bills which codified the school- laws, which created the new system of normal schools, and which incorp. the Cornell Univer sity, of which he became pres. in 1868, after a third visit to Europe, made at the request of its trustees to procure for it books and apparatus. App. in Jan. 1871 one of the commiss. to San Domingo, and aided in preparing its report ; pres. Repub. State Conv. of N.Y. Oct. 1871. Besides contribs. to periodicals, reports, &c., he has pub. " Lectures on Mediaeval and Modern Hist.," 8vo, 1861, 4th ed. 1871; "Plan of Organiz. for Cornell U.," 1868; "The New Education," inaug. address at C.U. 1868; and a report on the co-education of the sexes, 1871. White, ALEXANDER, delegate to the Cont. Congress from N.C. in 1786-8, and M.C. in 1 789-93 ; disting. for eloquence and patriotism ; d. Woodville, Va., Sept. 1804, a. 66. White, COL. ANTHONY WALTON, b. Va. 1751 ; d. Brunswick, N. J., 10 Feb. 1803. App. 9 Feb. 1776 lieut.-col. 3d N. J. Regt. ; com. the cavalry after the defeat at Monk s Corner in Apr. 1780, and with most of the regt. was again surprised and captured at Lanneau s Ferry 6 May, 1780. Col. 1st Light Dragoons; app. brigr.-gen. provisional army 19 July, 1798. White, CHARLES, D.D., pres. of Wabash Coll., Crawfordville, la. (1841-61), b. Ran dolph, Vt., Dec. 28, 179.5; d. Oct. 29, 1861. Dartm. Coll. 1821 ; And. Sem. 1823. He re moved to Thetford, Vt., in 1808; was settled there in 1824-8 ; at Cazenovia, N.Y., 1829-41. His sermons and addresses were pub. in 1853. White, EDWARD D., gov. of La. in 1834- 8, and M.C. in 1829-34 and 1839-43; d. New Orleans, Apr. 18, 1847. White, HUGH LAWSON, jurist and states man, b. Iredell Co., N.C., 30 Oct. 1773; d. near Knoxville, Tenn., 10 Apr. 1840. His fa ther Gen. JAMES d. Knoxville, Tenn., Aug. win 9T6 1821, a. 72; he removed to Tenn. in 1786; M.C. 1792-4; brig.-gen. Tenn. vols. 23 Sept. 1813, and com. in a successful attack on the Creek Indians at Hillibee Town, 18 Nov. 1813. Hugh was a vol. soldier against the Indians in 1792 ; studied law in Phila. in 1794-6 ; began practice in Knoxville in 1796 ; app. U.S. dist.- atty. in 1807; judge of the Sup. Court 1801-7 and 1809-15 ; State senator in 1807 and 1817 ; pres. of the State Bank of Tenn. 1815; app. a commiss. to adjust the claims of Spain against our citizens in 1820; U.S. senator 1825-35 and 1836-40, and pres. pro tern, of that body in 1832. In 1836 he received the electoral votes (26) of the States of Ga. and Tenn. for pres. of the U.S. See Memoir by Nancy N. Scott, 8vo, Phila. 1856. White, JOHN, a Puritan divine, and an efficient promoter of the settlement of Ms. Colony, and of Dorchester, Ms., b. Stanton, St. John, Oxfordshire, Eng., 1574; d. Dorchester, Eng., 1648. Made perpet. fellow of New Coll., Oxford, 1595 ; was a frequent preacher in Ox ford ; rector of Trinity Church, Dorchester, 1606; one of the assembly of divines 1643; rector of Lambeth 1645. Author of " The Planter s Plea, or the Grounds of Plantations Examined/ &c., Lond. 4to, 1630; "Way to the Tree of Life/ &c., 8vo, 1647 ; " Comment. on 3 first chap, of Genesis," 1656. White, COL. JOHN, a Revol. officer, b. Eng land; d. Va. ab. 1780. Of Irish parentage. He acquired a fortune as surgeon in the British navy, and settled in Phila. He entered the Revol. army as capt., and was soon promoted to col. 4th Ga. batt. During the siege of Sa vannah, he performed one of the most remarka ble feats on record. With only 2 officers, a sergeant, and 3 men, by a successful stratagem he made prisoners of Capt. French and 111 British regulars, posted on the Ogechee Eiver, about 25 miles from Savannah ; also the crews of 5 vessels (40 in number), and 130 stand of arms. He was severely wounded at the assault of Spring-hill redoubt, Oct. 9, 1779 (where Pulaski fell), and was obliged to retire from the army. Hist. May., ii. 181. White, JOHN, M.C. 1835-45; speaker 27th Congress, and judge 19th jud. dist. ; b. 1805; shot himself in a fit of depression at Richmond, Ky., Sept. 22, 1845. White, JOHN BLAKE, artist and author, of Charleston, S.C. ; d. there Aug. 1859, a. 77. He commenced to study law, but in 1803 went to Eng., and became the pupil of West. Some months later, he resumed the study of law in Charleston. Member of the Literary and Piiiios. Society. Ho excelled as an hist, painter. Among his pictures are " Mrs. Motte present ing the Arrows/ " Marion inviting the Brit ish Officer to Dinner/ and " The Battles of New Orleans and Eutaw" (placed in the State House). He wrote "Foscari," a play; "Mysteries of the Castle," a drama, 1807; " Modern Honor," a tragedy, 1812 ; " Triumph of Liberty, or Louisiana Preserved," a nation al drama, 1819. Hist. Mag., iii. 321. White, JOSEPH M., an eminent and elo quent lawyer ; deleg. to Congress from Fla. Terr. 1 823-37 ; b. Franklin Co., Ky. ; d. St. Louis, Mo., 18 Oct. 1839. Author of "New Collection of Laws, Charters, &c., of G. Britain, France, and Spain, relating to the Concessions of Land," &c., 2 vols. 8vo, 1839. White, PEREGRINE, the first Englishman born in New Eng. Son of William and Su sanna. Was born in " The Mayflower," in the harbor of Cape Cod, ab. Nov. 20, 1620; d. Marshfield, July 22, 1704. " He was vigor ous and of a comely aspect," and bore civil and military offices. White, PLINY HOLTON, clergyman and author, b. Springfield, Vt., 6 Oct. 1822; d. Coventry, Vt., 24 Apr. 1869. Adm. to the bar of Windham Co., Vt., in 1843, he practised law until 1 853 ; and was editor of the Brattle- borough Eagle in 1851-2, and of the Express at Amherst, Ms., in 1857-8. Ord. minister of Coventry 15 Feb. 1859; in the Vt. legisl. in 1862-3; chaplain of the senate 1864-6; and was, at the time of his death, pres. of the Vt. Hist. Soc. A frequent contrib. to newspapers and magazines. He pub. a number of address es and sermons, and a " Hist, of Coventry," 1858, 8vo. White, RICHARD GRANT, philologist and scholar, b. N.Y. City, May 23, 1822. U. of N.Y. 1839. Son of Richard Mansfield Whice, merchant of N.Y. Studied medicine and law, and was adm. to the bar in 1845. He soon exchanged law for letters, and was connected with the N. Y. Courier and Enquirer in 1 845-59, with a brief interval, at first as critic of art and literature, but for the last 5 years as editor. In 1860, he, with Mr. J. R. Spalding, established the World newspaper, but withdrew from it in 1861. He is a frequent contrib. to the month lies ; wrote for Putnam s Monthly, on Collier s new readings in Shakspeare, 1 853 ; and, beside other works, has pub. " Shakspeare s Scholar," in 1854; an edition of Shakspeare, 1857-9; "National Hymns," N.Y., 1861; "Appeal from the Sentence of the Bishop of N.Y.," 8vo, 1845; "Hand-Book of Christian Art," 1 853 ; " Essay on the Authorship of King Henry the Sixth," 1859; "Poetry of the Civil War, Selected and Edited," 1866; edited the "Record* of the N.Y. Exhibition," and the " Book-Hunter," &c., with additional notes, 1863; was a co-founder of Yankee Doodle, 1846-7. Contrib. to Appleton s "New Amer. Cyclopaedia." "White, WILLIAM, D.D. (Phila. Coll. 1783), first Pr.-Epis. bishop of Pa., b. Phila. Apr. 4, 1748; d. there July 17, 1836. Phila. Coll. 1765. Son of Col. Thomas, who emig. from London to Md. He studied theology, and was adm. while in Eng. to priest s orders, in Apr. 1772. In Lond. he made the acquaintance of Johnson and Goldsmith. On his return to Phila. in Sept. he was settled as an assistant minister of Christ t^hurch and St. Peter s, and 1 5 Apr. 1779 was chosen rector of these churches. During the Revol. war he was a friend of Washington and his associates, and was elect ed chaplain to Congress at York town in 1777. At one time ho was the only Epis. clergyman in Pa. Dr. White presided at the first Epis. convention held Sept. and Oct. 1785, and the constitution of the church was written by him ; in 1786, being bishop elect of the diocese of Pa., he proceeded to Eng. with Dr. Provoost 977 to receive bishop s orders ; wag consec. by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Feb. 4, 1 787, and returned on Easter Day, 1787. Pres. of the Bible Society of Phila., the first established in the U.S. ; pres. of the Dispensary from its origin in 1784, of the Prison Society since its origin, of the societies for the Deaf and Dumb, and for the Blind. With Bishop Seabury, he had the chief part in revising the " Book of Common Prayer " for the Epis. Church in this country. His chief pubs, are Memoirs of the Prot.-Epis. Church in the U.S., 1820; "Com parative Views of the Controversy between the Calvinists and Arminians," 1817; "Lec tures on the Catechism, and Commentaries on the Ord. Service," 1813. He was disting. for exemplary zeal and consummate prudence. A Memoir of Bishop White by Dr. Bird Wilson was pub. in 1839. White, WILLIAM CHARLES, actor and dramatist, b. Boston, 1777 ; d. Worcester, May 2, 1818. The son of a merchant. He quitted the counting-room for the stage in 1796, ap pearing at the Federal-st. Theatre, Dec 14, as Norval. He at the same time produced a trage dy, " Orlando," but, not meeting with much encouragement, turned his attention to the law, and opened an office in Providence in 1800, but again took to the stage, which he quit ted finally in the summer of 1801. He was app. county atty. in 1 81 1 . Pub. a Compendium of the Laws of Ms. in 1810, 3 vols. 8vo, and in the same year produced " The Clergyman s Daughter " and " The Poor Lodger." He was an editor of the National ^Egis. He published " Oration at Kutland, 5 July," Wore. 1 802 ; " Oration at Boston, 4 July, 1809." Whitefield, GEORGE, a celebrated preach er, founder of the Calvinistic Methodists, b. Gloucester, Eng., Dec. 16, 1714; d. Newbury- port, Ms., Sept. 30, 1770. He received the rudiments of his education in his native town, where his mother kept an inn, but in 1733 en tered Pembroke Coll., Oxford, where he joined the society formed by the Wesleys, named, from the strictness of their rules, Methodists. Adm. to orders June 20, 1736. After taking his bachelor s degree at Oxford, he preached at various places, exciting great enthusiasm. Vis iting Georgia in 1738, the trustees of the Colo ny "presented him to the living of Savannah (though he insisted upon having no salary), and granted him 500 acres of land for his intended orphan-house. Ord. priest Jan. 14, 1739, he resumed preaching in London and elsewhere, being obliged by the vast crowds which at tended to preach in the open air. From this period the origin of Methodism is to be dated. Embarking again in Aug., he landed in Pa. in Oct., preached to immense congregations in the Middle and Southern States, and early in Jan. 1740 arrived at Savannah, where he founded, and in a great measure established, his orphan- house by the name of Bethesda. After preach ing in N. Eng. by invitation of the ministers of Boston, addressing 20,000 persons on Bos ton Common, he sailed for Eng. in Jan. 1741. Separating himself from Wesley, whose Ar- minian sentiments he disapproved, he now be gan to form distinct societies of persons who neid Calvinistic sentiments in tngland and 62 Scotland, preaching in all the principal towns Arriving again in this country in Oct. 1744, ho met at first with much opposition in N.E., Harv. Coll. issuing a " testimony " against him, and many of the clergy being equally hostile. Be fore setting out for Ga., he had, however, con verted 20 pastors. His fifth visit to America (by him considered his most important ex pedition, extending from Ga. to N.H.) lasted from May, 1754, to March, 1755; and his seventh and last landing upon our shores took place Nov. 30, 1769. After preaching in dif ferent places, his strength was exhausted, and he died of the asthma. His sermons, letters, and controversial tracts, have been pub. in 7 vols. 8vo, and also an account of his life writ ten by Gillies. He pub. a Journal of his life in 1756. His eloquence was wonderful, his voice powerful, rich, and sweet ; and Dr. Frank lin estimated that 30,000 people might hear him distinctly when preaching in the ooen air. Whitefield, JAMES, D.D. (Rome^ 1825), R. C. archbishop of Baltimore, b. Liverpool, Eng., Nov. 3, 1770; d. Baltimore, Oct. 19, 1834. Receiving a good education, he devoted himself for a time to mercantile pursuits. He studied divinity with Ambrose Marcchale ; was ord. in 1809; emig. to Baltimore in Sept. 1817; was immediately app. one of the pastors of St. Peter s ; and succeeded Bishop Marechal in the archiepiscopate, May 25, 1828. Whitehead, WILLIAM ADEE, historian, b. Newark, N. J., 19 Feb. 1810. Collector of customs at Key West, Fla., 1830-8; subse quently connected with different railroad com panies. Author of "East Jersey under the Proprietary Govt.," 8vo, 1846 ; "Biog. Sketch of Gov. Wm. Franklin," 1848; "Robbery of the Treasury of East Jersey in 1768," 1850; "Early Hist, of Perth Amboy," 8vo, 1856; " Northern Boundary-Line between N. J. and N. Y.," &c., 1859; "Eastern Boundary of N. J.," 8vo, 1866; "Index to N. J. Col. Docu ments," 8vo; "Settlement of Elizabeth, N. J.," a paper bef. the N. J. Hist. Soc. 20 May, 1869. Edited the papers of Lewis Morris, with Me moir, 1852. Corresp. sec. N. J. Hist. Society, and editor of some of its "Proceedings." Allibone. Whitehouse, HENRY JOHN, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1865), D.C.L. (Camb., Eng.. 1867), Pr.- Epis. bishop of Illinois, b. New York, Aug. 1803. Col. Coll. 1821 ; Gen. Theol. Sem. 1824. Ord. deacon 1824; priest 1827; 15 years rec tor of St. Luke s, Rochester; rector of St. Thomas s, New York, 1844-51 ; consec. assist, bishop of 111. Nov. 20, 1851 ; succeeded to the see on the death of Bishop Chase, 1852. He preached the sermon before the Pan-Anglican Council, London, in 1867; d. Aug. 10, 1874. Whitfield, HENRY, first minister of Guil- ford, Ct., b. Eng. 1597; d. Winchester, Eng., after 1651. The only son of an opulent law yer, and educated to the law, but, preferring the ministry, he took orders, and was minister of Okely in Surrey, where he entertained the Pu ritan divines during Laud s persecution. In 1639 he emig. to America, and became one of the founders of Guilford, but returned in 1650. He pub. an account of the progress of the gos pel among the Indians in 1651 ("The Light 97; appearing more and more towards the Perfect Day/ &c.)j "Helps to Stir up to Christian Duties," London, 1634. Whiting, DANIEL POWERS, lieut.-colonel U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1832. Entering the 7th Inf., he became capt. 18 April, 1845; maj. 10th Inf. 20 Dec. 1860; licut.-col. 6th Inf. 15 Feb. 1862 ; retired 4 Nov. 1863. He served in the Florida war 1839-42 and 1849-50; in the Mexican war at defence of Fort Brown, siege of Vera Cruz, and battles of Monterey and Cerro Gordo, for which he was brev. 18 April, 1847. Author of "Army Portfolio," a series of views illustrating the Mexican war, 1849. Cnttum. Whiting, HENRY, brev. brig. -gen. U.S.A., b. Ms. ; d. St. Louis, Mo., 16 Sept. 1851. Son of Col. John (b. Lancaster, 1759, d. Washing ton, D.C., 3 Sept. 1810), a Revol. officer, app. lieut.-col. 4th Inf. 8 July, 1808, col. 5th Inf. 31 Dec. 1809. After a brief clerkship in the dry- goods store of Amos Lawrence, Boston, he was app. cornet of dragoons 20 Oct. 1808; was disting. at the capture of Fort George, U.C., May, 1813 ; made capt. Mar. 1817 ; dep. quartern!. -gen. 7 July, 1838; assist, quarterm. (rank of col.) 21 April, 1846 ; brev. brig.-gen. for services at Buena Vista 23 Feb. 1847 ; chief quartermaster of Gen. Taylor s army in Mexico. He edited " The Revol. Orders of Gen. Washington, 1778-82," 1844. Author of " Ontway, the Son of the Forest," a poem, 1822; " Sannilac," a poem, 1831 ; co-author of " Hist, and Scient. Sketches of Michigan," 1834; author of "The Age of Steam," &c. ; " Life of Z. M.Pike," in Sparks s " Am. Biog.," vol. xv. ; and contrib. 14 articles to the N. A. Review. Whiting, COL. NATHANIEL, b. Windham, Ct., 4 May, 1724; d. 1771. Y.C. 1743. Son of Rev. Samuel, first minister of Windham (1700-25). He served with distinction in the exped. against Cape Breton in 1745, and the same year was app. a lieut. in Pepperell s regt. ; app. in 1755 lieut.-col. of the 2d Ct. Regt. for the exped. against Crown Point; was present in the engagement near Lake George, and, when Col. Williams was killed, succeeded to the com. ; in 1758 he was again app. col. of the 2d Ct. Regt. ; shared in Abercrombie s de feat at Ticonderoga ; and in 1759-60 in Am- herst s campaigns, ending in the conquest of Canada. Whiting, SAMUEL, first minister of Lynn, Ms., from Nov. 8, 1636, to his death Dec. 11, 1679, b. Boston, Eng., 20 Nov. 1597. Cam bridge U., Eng. Son of John, mayor of Bos ton, England. He arrived at Boston, May 26, 1636. Author of " Oratio quam Comitiis Can tab Americanis," &c., 1664 ; treatise on the Last Judgment, 1649. His son SAMUEL was first minister of Billerica from 1663 to his d. Feb. 28, 1713; H.U. 1653. JOSEPH his son, also minister of Lynn, d. April 7, 1723, a. 82 ; H.U. 1661. Whiting, WILLIAM, lawyer, b. Concord, Ms., March 3, 1813. H.U. 1833; Camb. Law School, 1838. A descendant of the preceding. Ab. 1838 he began practice in Boston ; attained high rank at the bar, and has been engaged in many important cases. Shortly after the civil war began, he advocated an entire change in the policy of the govt. in carrying it on. His " War Powers of the President, and the Legis lative Powers of Congress in Relation to Re bellion, Treason, and Slavery," 8vo, 1862, met a great want of the country, and first formu lated its war-powers. Recent editions of this work include " Military Arrests in Time of War," " Reconstruction of the Union," and "Military Govt." Summoned in 1862 to Washington as solicitor of the war dept., his services for 3 years in that capacity were highly arduous and responsible. He was 5 years pres. of the N.E. Hist.-Uenealogical Society. Author also of some pamphlets ; Memoir of Rev. Joseph Harrington, prefixed to his sermons, 1854 ; elect, to Cong. 1872 ; d. Boston, June 29, 1873. Whiting, GEN. WILLIAM HENRY CHASE, b. Ms. 1825 ; d. Governor s Island, N.Y., Mar- 10, 1865. West Point, 1845. Son of Lieut.- Col. Levi. Entered engineers; was 1st lieut. Mar. 16, 1853; capt. 13 Dec. 1858; and re signed Feb. 20, 1861. Chief engr. (rank of major) in the Army of the Shenandoah, under Gen. J. E. Johnston, in June and July, 1861 ; was app. brig.-gen., and com. a brigade whose timely arrival saved for the Confederates the battle of Bull Run, July 21 ; took part in the battle of West Point, Va., May 7, 1862 ; and was made a maj.-gen. in 1863. He built and was put in com. of Fort Fisher, N.C., in the autumn of 1864; was in charge during both attacks ; and was severely wounded and taken prisoner on its capture by Gen. Terry, Jan. 15, 1865. Whitman, EZEKIEL, judge and M.C., b. East Bridgewater, Ms., March 9, 1776 ; d. there Aug. 1, 1866. Brown U. 1795. He settled as a lawyer in the Dist. of Me. in 1 799 ; established himself in Portland in Jan. 1807 ; was a member of the exec, council in 1815 and 16, and of the Const. Conv. of 1819 ; was chief justice of the Common Pleas 1 822-41 ; and also of the Supreme Court of Me., presid ing as such from 1841 to 1848 ; was M.C. from Ms. in 1809-11 and 1817-21, and from Me. in 1821-3. Author of " Genealogy of the Descendants of John Whitman," 1832. Whitman, SARAH HELEN (POWER), poetess, b. Providence, R.I., 1813. In 1828 she m. John Winslow Whitman, a lawyer of Boston, since whose death, in 1833, she has resided in Providence. She has pub. " Hours of Life and Other Poems," 1853 ; " Edgar Poe and his Critics," 1859; and critical articles on European writers. Portions of her Fairy Bal lads were written by her sister, ANNA MARSH POWER. Whitman, WALTER ("Walt"), poet, b. West Hills, N.^T., 1819. Has been a printer, school-teacher, editor, a clerk in the dept. of the interior, Washington, and 1865-70 a clerk in the office of the U.S. atty.-gen. Author of " Leaves of Grass," 1st eel. 1855, 3d ed. 1860 ; "Drum-Taps," 1865-6 ; collected poems, 8vo, 1867 ; poems selected and edited by W. M. Rossetti, London, 8vo, 1868. Allibone. Whitmore, EDWARD, gen., drowned in Plymouth Bay, Feb. 1761. At the second capture of Louisburg, in 1758, he was military gov. of the place ; col. 22d Regt., and brig.-gen WHI 979 Whitmore, WILLIAM HENRY, antiquary, b. Dorchester, Ms., Sept. 6, 1836. Son of a merchant of Boston, and educated in the schools of that city. He has pub. " Register of Medford Families," 1855; Genealogies of Whitmore, Temple, (1856), Lane, Reyner, and Whipple (1857), Norton, (1859), Ayres (1870) ; "Handbook of Amer. Geneal.," 1862; "Notes on the Winthrop Family," 1864; "The Cavalier Dismounted," 1864; "Amer. Genealogist," 1868 ; edited Praed s Poems, 1860. Many years an active member of the N. E. Historic-Geneal. Soc., in whose Register many of his articles have appeared. Editor of several of the Prince Society s publications ; "Elements of Heraldry," 1866; "Ms. Civil List 1636-1774," 8vo, 1871; and of vols. i., ii., and iv., Heraldic Jour. ; and has con tributed articles to the N. A. Review, Apple- ton s " New American Cyclop.," and the Knick erbocker. Whitney, ADELINE D., b. Boston, 1824. Dau. of Enoch Train ; wife of Seth D. Whit ney of Milton, Ms. Author of " Footsteps on the Seas," a poem, 1857 ; "Mother Goose for Grown Folks," 1860; "Boys at Chequasset," 1862; "Faith Gartney s Girlhood," 1863; "The Gayworthys," 1865; "A Summer in Leslie Goldthwaite s Life," 1866 ; " Patience Strong s Outings," 1868; "Hitherto," 1869; "Real Folks," 1872. Contrib. to Our Young Folks, Old and New, Atlantic Monthly, &c. Whitney, ELI, inventor of the cotton-gin, b. Westborough, Ms., Dec. 8, 1765; d. N. Haven, Ct., Jan. 8, 1825. Y. C. 1792. He early displayed mechanical genius, and partly by teaching, aftd partly by other labor, obtained the means of a college education. In 1792 he went to Ga. as a teacher, and, while studying law, was invited by the widow of Gen. Greene to make her house his home. While there, his attention was drawn to the difficulty in sepa rating cotton from the seed, and for months he was engaged in constructing a cotton-gin, un der great difficulties ; being compelled to draw his iron wire, as he could obtain none in Sa vannah, and to make his own tools. Rumors of this invention were noised about ; and, before it was finished, the building in which it was placed was broken open by night, and the machine carried off. Before he could complete his model, and obtain a patent, similar machines had been surreptitiously made, and put in opera tion. A Mr. Miller became a partner in May, 1793; and Whitney manuf. the machines in Ct. The legisl. of S.C. granted him $50,000 for his invention, which, after vexatious delays and lawsuits, was finally paid. North Caro lina allowed a percentage for its use 5 years, and collected and paid it over to the patentees. Tennessee promised to do the same, but after ward rescinded her contract. For years he struggled on; lawsuits being wrongfully de cided against him ; his manufactory destroyed by fire; reports that his machine injured the fibre of the cotton ; Congress refusing, on ac count of the opposition of the Southern mem bers, to allow a renewal of the patent; until, satisfied that he should never receive a just compensation for his great invention, he en gaged in making fire-arms for govt., from which he eventually gained a fortune. He applied several of his* inventions to other manufactures of iron and steel. Appleton. Whitney, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, pastor at Brighton, Ms., 1843-58, b. Quincy, Ms., 13 Sept. 1812. H.U. 1833 ; Camb. Theol. School 1838. Author of " Hist. Sketch of the Old Church at Quincy, Ms.," 1864; " Bipg. of James Holton," 1865 ; " Oration at Dedication of Soldiers Monument, Brighton, Ms.," 1866 ; also school and S. school reports, sermons, addresses, hymns, and articles in periodicals. Whitney, JOSIAH DWIGHT, geologist, b. Northampton, Ms., 23 Nov. 1819. Y.C. 1839. Prof, of geol. and metallurgy in H.U. since 1865. Author of " Use of the Blowpipe," &c., transl. from Berzelius, 8vo, 1845 ; " Metallic Wealth of the U.S.," 8vo, 1854; "Geol. Survey of California," 4to, 1865; "Yosemite Guide- Book," 1869 ; with J. W. Foster, " Report on the Geol., &c., of Lake Superior," 1850-1 ; with James Hall, " Report on the Geol. Survey of Ohio," 8vo ; " Report of Geol. Survey of the Upper Mpi. Lead Region," 8vo, 1 862. Contrib. to scientific and literary journals. Allibone. Whitney, PETER, author of a History of Worcester County (8vo, 1793), b. North- borough, Sept. 6, 1744; d. Feb. 29, 1816. H.U. 1 762. Ord. pastor of Northborough, Nov. 4, 1767. Of his sons, PETER was minister of Qnincy 1800-43 ; GEORGE (1804-42), minister of Roxbury (1831-42), was author of a His tory of Quincy, 8vo, 1827. Whitney, THOMAS R., writer and poli tician, b. N. Y. City 1804 ; d. Apr. 12, 1858. He served two years in the State Assembly ; wasM.C. in 1855-7 ; and was at one time editor of the 2V. Y. Sunday Times. Author of a poem called the "Ambuscade," 1845; and a poli tical work entitled " The American Policy Vindicated," 8vo, 1856. Whitney, WILLIAM DWIGHT, Ph. D. (U. of Breslau, 1861), LL.D. (Wms. 1868), philologist, b. Northampton, Ms., Feb. 9, 1827. Wms. Coll. 1845. He studied at Berlin and Tubingen ; transcribed from the Sanscrit MSS. the " Atharva - Veda," and with Prof. Roth pub. it (Berlin, 1856). In 1853 he returned home ; in 1854 was made prof, of Sanscrit in Y.C., and became an active officer of the Oriental Society. He is one of the co-laborers of Bohtlingk and Roth in the Sanscrit Dictionary, pub. at St. Petersburg. He hascontrib. articles on Orien tal Philology and Literature to the New Amer. Cyclopaedia. In 1870 he received from the Roy. Acad. of Sciences of Berlin a prize for a work on Sanscrit Orthography. He has been a contrib. to the 2V. A. Review, the New-Eng- lander, the Journal of the Am. Oriental Society, &c. Pros, of the Am. Philol. Soc. 1869 ; mem ber of many learned societies. He pub. " Lectures on Language," 1867 ; a " German Grammar," 1869 ; " German Reader," 1870. Whiton, JOHN MILTON, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1848), clergyman and author, b. Winchendon, Ms., Aug. 1, 1785 ; d. Antrim, N.H., Sept. 28, 1856. Y.C. 1805. Son of Dr. Israel. Ord. pastor of the church in Antrim, Sept. 28, 1808. continuing till 1853. He pub. a History of Antrim, 1852; a History of N. Hampshire foi schools, 1834; and at the time of his death 980 was preparing a History of Pres> yterianism in N.H. In 1846 he pub. in the N.H. Repository a statistical account of the Cong, and Fresh, ministers of Hillsborough County. Whittemore, AMOS, inventor, b. Cam bridge, Ms., Apr. 19, 1759; d. W. Cambridge, Mar. 27, 1828. The son of a farmer. He worked for some years as a gunsmith, and finally formed a copartnership with his bro. and others for the manuf. of cotton and wool cards. He soon after invented a machine for puncturing the leather, and setting the wires, a work previously performed by hand. He found the greatest difficulty in bending the wires to a given angle after they were finally fastened in the leather, and was on the point of abandoning the attempt, when in a dream he discovered the method of effecting it. The invention was patented in 1797, and it was sold for $150,000; but afterward Samuel his bro. repurchased it, and carried on the business. Amos devoted his later years to the invention of an orrery, in which every planet was to describe its own orbit, but did not live to com plete it. Howe s Hist, of Inventors. Whittemore, THOMAS, D.D., clergyman, b. Boston, Jan. 1, 1800; d. Cambridge, Ms., Mar. 21, 1861. Apprenticed successively to a morocco-dresser, a brass-founder, and a boot maker, and finally studied for the ministry under Rev. H. Ballou. In April, 1821, he was pastor of a Universalist church in Milford, Ms. ; in 1822-31 he preached in Cambridge- port, and resided in Cambridge till he died. Joint editor of the Universalist Mag., and in 1828 began to pub. the Trumpet, a Universalist newspaper in Boston, of which he was sole editor and proprietor for nearly 30 years. Pres. of the Vt. and Ms. Railroad, and "represented Cambridge repeatedly in the State legisl. In 1830 he pub. a " History of Universalism," which he afterward enlarged, the first vol. ap pearing in 1860, and the second being, at the time of his death, nearly ready for the press. His other works are, " Notes and Illustrations of the Parables," 1832 ; " Songs of Zion," 1836; "Plain Guide to Universalism," 1839; " The Gospel Harmonist," 1841 ; " Conference Hymns," 1842; "Sunday-school Choir," 1844; "Commentary on Revelation," 1 838 ; "Com mentary on Daniel;" " Lives of Walter Bal- four and Hosea Ballou ; " " Autobiography," 12mo, I860. Whittier, JOHN GREENLEAF, poet, b. Ha- verhill, Ms., Dec. 17, 1807. Joseph his grand father, grandson of Thomas of Newbury, b. 1716, d. H. 10 Oct. 1796, m. Sarah Greenleaf of Newbury. John G. worked on a farm until 18, writing occasional verses for the Haverhill Gazette, and turning his hand to shoemaking. After two years study at the town acad., he became in 1829 editor, at Boston, of the Amer. Manufacturer, a newspaper in the tariff interest. In 1830 he succeeded to Brainerd s paper at Hartford, and wrote the prefatory memoir of that poet for his " Remains," pub. 1832 ; edit. Gazette at Haverh. 1832 and 1836. In 1831 appeared his " Legends of New England ; " its sequel, " The Supernaturalism of New Eng land," in 1847; "Moll Pitcher," a tale of a witch of Nahant ; " " Mogg Megone," an Indian story, 1836 ; and " The Bridal of Pennacook, also an Indian poem. In 1833 he pub. an essay entitled "Justice and Expediency, or Slavery considered with a View to its Abolition." After a few years spent at home in farming, and representing his town in the State legisl. (1835-6), he engaged in the proceedings of the Antislavery Society ; was elected its sec. in 1836; and, in defence of its principles, edited the Pa. Freeman in Phila. in 1838-40. " The Voices of Freedom" (1841) afford the best specimen of his antislavery effusions. In 1840 Mr. Whittier took up his residence at Ames- bury, where he has since resided, and whence he forwarded his contribs. to the National Era, Washington. He has also pub. " Songs of Labor and Other Poems," 1848; "Old Por traits and Modern Sketches," 1850; "The Chapel of the Hermits and Other Poems," 1852; " Leaves from Margaret Smith s Jour nal," 1848; "Literary Recreations," 1852; "The Panorama and Other Poems," 1856; " Home Ballads and Poems," 1859 ; " In War- Time,"! 863; " Snow-Bound," 1865; "Tent on the Beach," 1867; "Among the Hills," 1868; "Ballads of New England," 1869; " Miriam," 1870 ; " The Stranger in Lowell " (prose), 1845; "National Lyrics," 1865; "Maud Muller," 1866. Several " complete " collections of his works have been pub. ; the last, Sept. 1869, in 4 vols. His sister ELIZA BETH H. WHITTIER, poetess, d. Amesbury, Ms., Sept. 3, 1864. Whittingham, WILLIAM ROLLINSON, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1837), LL.D., Prot.-Ep. bish op of Md. (consec. 17 Sept. 1840), b. N.Y. City, Dec. 2, 1805. Gen. Theol. Sem-. 1825. Adra. to the ministry in 1827, and became rector of St. Luke s, N.Y., in 1831. In 1835 he was elected to the chair of eccles. hist, in the Gen. Theol. Sem. He has edited the Family Visitor, Children s Mag., the Churchman (weekly), also the " Parish Library," 13 vols. He has also pub. occas. sermons. Whittlesey, COL. CHARLES, author, b. Southington, Ct., 5 Oct. 1808. In 1813 his family moved to Tallmadge, 0. West Point, 1831. Resigned 30 Sept. 1832. Counsellor- at-law, Cleveland, 0., 1835. Editor Cleveland Herald 1836-7; employed on geol. survey of Ohio 1837-8, and on mineral, and geol. surveys 1848-50, 1853-6, 1858-60. Assist, quartern!. - gen. of 0. 1861-2 ; in Western Va. campaign July-Aug. 1861; in camp, of 1861-2 as col. 20th O. Vols. in Ky. and Tenn. ; and engaged at Fort Donelson and at Shiloh, in which he com. the 3d brigade of Wallace s division, ren dering important service in the second day s fight; resigned 19 Apr. 1862. Author "of "Life of John Fitch," in Sparks s "Amer. Biog.," vi. ; " Ancient Mining on Lake Supe rior," 1862 ; " Glacial Drift of the North-west. States," 1866 (in Smithson. Contribs.); "Early History of Cleveland," 8vo, 1867 ; " Sketch of the Settlement of Tallmadge, O.," 1842 ; " l)e- script. of Ancient Works in Ohio," 1851 (Smith- son. Contribs., vol. iii.) ; " Fugitive Essays," 1 854 ; besides some 30 essays, reports, " &c. Col. W. founded, and is pres. of, the Western Reserve Hist. Soc. of Cleveland. Whittlesey, FREDERICK, jurist, b. Wash WHI 981 WTK ington, Ct., 12 June, 1799 ; d. Rochester, N.Y., 19 Sept. 1851. Y.C. 1818. Adm. to the bar at Utica, N.Y., in 1821; settled in Rochester in 1822; was editor and proprietor of a politi cal newspaper prominent in the anti-Masonic party; M.C. in 1831-5; vice-chancellor 8th jud. disk 1839-47; judge Sup. Court 1847-8; prof, of law in Geneva Coll. 1850-1. He pub. address, 4 July, 1842, Rochester. Whittredge, WOBTHIHOTON, landscape- painter, b. Ohio, 1820. His ancestors were among the early settlers of Cape Ann, his fa ther an early emigrant to the West. The son painted portraits and landscapes in Cincinnati ; was in Europe in 1849-59, and then established himself in N.Y. City. Among his productions are " Twilight on the Shawangunk Mountains," " The Old Hunting-Ground," " Lake George," "Berkeley s Seat," "Ruins of Tusculum," "A Hundred Years Ago," " The Roman Cam- pagna," and " The Plains at the Base of the Rocky Mountains." His " Old Kentucky Home," and " Coast of Rhode Island," were sent to the Paris Exposition of 1867. In 1866 he explored the West, attached to Gen. Pope s staff, and brought back a large and valuable coll. of sketches. Wickham, JOHN, LL.D., lawyer, b. Southold, L.I., 1763; d. Richmond, Va., 17 Jan. 1839. Intended for the army, he studied one year at Arras, France ; settled in Williams- burg in 1785 ; engaged in the practice of law in 1787; and in 1790 removed to Richmond, Va., where he acquired a high reputation, and was long at the head of the bar of Virginia. Wickliffe, CHARLES A., U.S. postmaster- gen. 1841-5, b. Bardstown, Ky., June 8, 1788 ; d. Howard Co., Md., Oct. 31, 1869. Educated at the Bardstown grammar-school ; studied law, and attained a high position at the bar. In 1812 he was aide to Gen. Caldwell at the battle of the Thames ; was a member of the legisl. in 1812-23; M.C. in 1823-33; again elected to the legisl., he was speaker in 1834 ; was elected lieut.-gov. in 1836, and became act ing gov. in 1839. In 1845 he was sent to Texas by Pres. Polk on a secret mission ; was a mem ber of the State Const. Conv. in 1849; was a member of the Peace Congress in Feb. 1861 ; M.C. 1861-3; and delegate to the Chicago con v. 1 864. His stately and aristocratic bearing, and his contempt for the poorer classes, earned for him the sobriquet of " the Duke." Wigglesworth, EDWARD, D.D., Hollis prof, of divinity H. U. 1765-91, b. Feb. 7, 1732; d. Cambridge, June 17, 1794. H.U. 1749 with the first honors. His father ED WARD, D.D. (H.U. 1710), was first Hollis prof. Oct. 24, 1722, until his death, Nov. 19, 1765 (a. 72), and prominent as a controversial wri ter. The son was made tutor at H.U. 1764. An original member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences, and a man of great learning. He pub. the Dudleian Lectures on the Errors of the Roman Church, 1777 ; " Calculations on American Population," &c., 1775. Allen. Wigglesworth, COL. EDWARD, Revol. officer, b. Ipswich, Ms., 3 Jan. 1742; d. New- buryport, 8 Dec. 1826. H. U. 1761. Son of Rev. Samuel of Ipswich (1714-68), and grand- ion of Rev. Michael. Commiss. col. by the Prov. Congress 24 June, 1776, and 3d in com mand of Arnold s flotilla on Lake Champlain 5 Sept. 1776; commiss. col. 13th Ms. Regt. 6 Nov. 1776 ; resigned 10 Mar. 1779 ; app. by Pres. Washington coll. of Newburyport. Wigglesworth, MICHAEL, poet and cler gyman, b. Eng. Oct. 18, 1631 ; d. Maiden, Ms., June 10, 1705. H. U. 1651. Son of Edward of N. Haven, and came with him to this coun try in 1638. After graduating, he was a fellow and tutor in the college a short time. In 1656 he was ord. over the church at Maiden, where he remained " for about a jubilee of years " till his death. Frequent illness forced him at times to suspend his pulpit exertions ; but he was able in the intervals to engage in literary labor. He pub. in 1662 " The Day of Doom," a poem which has passed through 9 eds. in this country, and 2 in England, and was for a loug time one of the most popular books in N. E. ; in 1669 he pub. another poem, "Meat out of the Eater," which has passed through 6 edi tions. He left in manuscript a poem entitled " God s Controversy with New England," printed in the Proc. of the Ms. Hist. Society, 1871. After the death of John Rogers, m 1684, he was offered the presidency of H.C., but declined it on account of his health. He preached the Colonial Election Sermon in 1686, and the Art. Election Sermon in 1696. He was also a skilful physician. See Memoir of Wigylesworth by J. \V. Dean, 8vo, 1871. Wight, MOSES, portrait and genre painter, b. Boston, 2 Apr. 1827. Began to paint at 18; went to Europe in 1851, and painted there por traits of Hon. D. D. Barnard and Baron Alex. Von Humboldt ; studied 3 years in Italy ; and has since practised his art in Boston with suc cess. Among his portraits are Edward Ever ett, Josiah Quincy, Charles Sumner, and Prof. Agassiz. In 1 860 he studied in France under Conture, and has since executed two large ideal works, " The Sleeping Beauty " and " Eve at the Fountain." Since his last visit to Europe in 1865-7, he has produced several cabinet, figure, and interior subjects, among them " Le Seizieme Siecle," " Lisette," " Les Confidants," "The Old Cuirassier," "John Alden and Priscilla," and "Pet s First Cake." Wight, ORLANDO WILLIAMS, author, b. Centreville, N.Y., Feb. 19, 1824. He studied at Westfield Acad. and Rochester Collegiate Institute, and then travelled in Europe. He has contrib. to the leading reviews, and has ?ub. " The Philosophy of Sir Wm. Hamilton," 853; "Life of Abelard and Heloise," 1853; translations of Cousin s " History of Modern Philosophy," 1852; "The True, the Beauti- tiful, the Good," 1854; and "Pascal s Thoughts," 1859. He has also edited and re vised"^ vols. of French Classics, 1858-60; " The Household Library," 18 vols. ; transl. Balzac s Novels, 12 vols. Contrib. to N. A. Rev., N. Etiglander, &c. He has in prep, a Dictionary of Philos. Science, 8vo. Wignell, THOMAS, manager Phila. Thea tre ; d. there 18 Feb. 1803 ; b. Eng. First app. at the John-st. Theatre, N.Y., 1785, as Joseph Surface ; became manager Chestnut-st. Thea tre in 1794; m. Mrs. Merry 1 Jan. 1803. Wikoff, HENRY, b. Phila., where he was WULi 982 adm. to the bar. Author of "Life of Nap. Louis Bonaparte," N.Y., 1849; "My Court ship and its Consequences," 1855; "Adven tures of a rising Diplomatist," 1856 ; " A New- Yorker in the Foreign Office," &c., 1858. See also " Trial of Wikotf and Others for a Con- spiracv," 8vo, 1852. Allibone. Wilbur, Miss ANNE T. (MRS. WOOD), dau. of Rev. Hervey AVilbur, b. Wendell, Ms., 1817. A resident of Newburyport, Ms. Transl. " The Solitary of Juan Fernandez," and other works, from the French. Contrib. as " Florence Leigh " to periodicals ; has edited the Ladies Mag. and the Ladies Casket, 1 848 ; has transl. "The Roman Question," by E. About, 1859; and pub. " Romance of a Mummy," 1860. Wilbur, JOHN, a minister of the Society of Friends, founder of the " Wilburite " sect, b. Hopkinton, R.I., 1774; d. 1856. Ab. 1838 he was accused of circulating statements de rogatory to the character of Joseph J. Gurney ; and in Jan. 1 843 he was disowned. His friends, however, believing him to have been unfairly and harshly dealt with, set up an independent yearly meeting, and are popularly designated " Wilburites." See Journal and Corresp. of John Wilbur. Wilcocks, ALEXANDER, M.D., b. Phila. 1817. Jeff. Med. Coll. 1844. Author of "Es say on the Tides," 1855 ; " Temporary Star of the Year 1572," 1860 ; " Influence of Ether in the Solar System," &c., 1864; papers in Med. Exam. 1845, Jour. Med. Sci. 1847. AUibone. Wilcox, GEN. CADMUS MARCELLUS, b. N.C. ab. 1825. West Point, 1846. Adj. and A.D.C. to Gen. Quitman 1847-8; and brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Chapul tepee 13 Sept. 1847 ; assist, instr. of inf. tactics at West Point 1852; capt. 7th Inf.; resigned 8 June, 1861 ; app. brig.-gen. C.S.A. 21 Oct. 1861 ; 3 Aug. 1863 promoted maj.-gen. com. division in A. P. Hill s (3d) corp. He com. a brigade in Ander son s div. at Gettysburg, and surrendered with Lee. Author of " Rifles and Rifle-Practice," N.Y. 1859; "Evolutions of the Line," 1860; " Tabular Statements of the Austrian and French Armies," 1861. Wilcox, CARLOS, poet, b. Newport, N.H., Oct. 22, 1794; d. Danbury, Ct., May 29, 1827. Mid. Coll. 1813; And. Sem. 1817. His father was a farmer, and in 1797 removed to Orwell, Vt. He began to preach in Hartford, Ct., 1818, but after a few months was obliged by illness to desist. In 1822 he pub. at Salisbury, Ct., his poem, " The Age of Benevolence." In 1 824 he delivered a poem before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Y.C. on " The Religion of Taste." In 1824-6 he was pastor of the North Church, Hartford. After the restoration of his iealth by a few months travel, he accepted a call to Danbury at the close of 1826. His " Re mains " were pub. in 1828. Duyckinck. Wilcox, PHINEAS BACON, lawyer, b. 1795; d. Columbus, O., 25 Mar. 1863. Y.C. 1821. In successful practice at Columbus nearly 40 years. Author of " Ohio Reports," vol. x. ; several vols. of condensed and digested " Ohio Reports ; " " Ohio Forms and Practice," 1833; "Forms in Action and in Chancery," 1858 ; in " Civil Procedure," 1862. Wilde, RICHARD HENRY, scholar and lawyer, b. Dublin, Ireland, 24 Sept. 1789; d N. Orleans 10 Sept. 1847. His father came to Baltimore in 1797, and d. 1802. He received from his mother his poetic talent and his edu cation. In 1803 he removed to Augusta, Ga. Was adm. to the bar in Mar. 1809 ; soon rose to the head of the profession; became atty.-gen. of the State; M.C. in 1815-17, 1824-5, and in 1827-35 ; and was disting. as an orator. He visited Europe in 1835-40, and on his return devoted himself to literature, politics, and the law. While in Florence, he discovered some documents concerning Dante, and also an original painting of the great poet on the wall \ of the Chapel of Bargetto. He left a MS. vol. of the poet s life. Author of " The Love, Mad ness, and Imprisonment of Tasso," 2 vols. 1842, and" Hesperia ; " wrote for the Southern Review an article on Petrarch; and contrib. to the magazines. From 1843 to his d. he was prof, of law in the U. of La. at New Orleans. His literary productions are numerous, and bear the impress of a gifted and highly educat ed mind. One of his lyrics, entitled " My Life is like a Summer Rose/ received the praise of Lord Byron. Wilde, SAMUEL SUMNER, LL.D. (Bowd. 1817; H.U. 1841), jurist, b. Taunton, Feb. 5, 1771 ; d. Boston, June 22, 1855. Dartm. Coll. 1789. Son of Daniel. He was adm. to the bar in Sept. 1792, and the same year was m. to Eunice, dau. of Gen. David Cobb. He prac tised .successively in Waldoborough, Warren, and Hallowell, Me., removing to the latter place in 1799, after representing Warren two years in the legisl. In 1814 he was elected a State councillor. He was also one of the delegates to the Hartford Conv. ; judge Ms. Sup. Court 1815-50. In 1820 he removed from Hallowell to Newburyport, and in 1831 to Boston. Dele gate from Newburyport to the State Const. Conv. of 1820; member of the Acad. of Arts and Sciences. His judicial career was disting. by great legal learning and stern integrity ; and he was accounted one of the best nisi prius judges in Ms. His dau. Caroline m. Caleb Gushing. He pub. "Oration 4 July, 1797 ; " " Masonic Oration," 1799. Wilder, MARSHALL PINCKNEY, one of the most useful men of his time, b. Rindge, N.H., 22 Sept. 1798. Educated at the common schools and at Ipswich Acad. He worked on his father s farm ; then became a merchant ; and, establishing himself in Boston in 1825, has for many years been a prominent and successful business-man. He has been active in the Ms. Hortic. Soc. ; was its pres. in 1840-8 ; pres. of the Amer. Pomological Soc. since that date ; of the U. S. Agric. Soc. 1852-8; of the N. E. Historic-Genealogical Soc. since 1868 ; member of the Ms. house of reps. 1839; councillor 1849; State senator, and pres. of that body in 1850. Pie initiated the organization of the State Board of Agriculture, the establishment of the Ms. Agric. Coll., and of the U.S. Agric. Soc. ; and has held many important trusts be side those enumerated above. He has delivered many addresses and speeches, and contributed valuable papers on hybridization to hortic. jour nals. See N. E. H. G. Reg. 1867. "WTL, 983 "WTL Wildey, THOMAS, founder of the Odd Fellows in America, b. Eng. Jan. 15, 1783 ; d. Baltimore, Oct. 19, 1861. He came to this country in 1817, and began in Baltimore his trade of coach-spring making. The first lodge was established at Bait, by him in 1819, and he was grand-sire from 1825 to 1833. Wiley, CALVIN HENDERSON, b. Guilford Co., N.C., 1819. U. of N.C. 1840. Member legisl. 1850 and 1852, and gen. supt. common schools of N.C. Dec. 1852. Author of " Ala- mance," a novel ; " Adventures of Old Dan Tucker," 1851 ; "Utopia, Early Life at the South," 1852; "Life in the South, a compan ion to Uncle Tom s Cabin," 1852 ; " Sober View of Slavery; " " Roanoke," 1866 ; " Elo cution and Oratory," 1869 ; polit. pamphlets. Editor South. Weekly Post, Raleigh ^ Oxford Mercury. Contrib. to Sartain s Mag., Sat. Even. Post, &c. Allibone. Wilkes, CHARLES, rear-adm. U.S.N., nephew of the celebrated John Wiikes of Lon don, b. N. Y. City 1801. Midshipman 1 Jan. 1818 ; lieut. 28 Apr. 1826 ; com. 13 July, 1843 ; capt. 14 Sept. 1855; commo. 16 July, 1862; rear-adm. (retired list) 25 July, 1866. In 1830 he was app. to the dept. of charts and instru ments. 18 Aug. 1838 he left Norfolk, Va., in com. of 5 vessels, for an exploring exped. to the South Seas : after visiting the islands of the Pacific, they discovered the Antarctic conti nent, which they coasted westward for more than 70 degrees. For this and other contribu tions to science, Wilkes received a gold medal from the Geog. Soc. of London. The explora tions included the Hawaiian group and the North-west coast; and he reached N.Y. harbor 10 June, 1842. Sent in 1861 to the W. Indies in the frigate " San Jacinto " to look after the Confed. steamer " Sumter," he took Messrs. Mason and Slidell from the British mail-steam er " Trent," Nov. 8, and conveyed them to Boston. He was thanked by Congress, and re ceived the applause of the people; but his course was finally disapproved by the Pros. 28 Aug. 1862, while com. the flotilla on the James River, he destroyed City Point. He afterward com. a squadron in the W. Indies, capturing many blockade-runners. Author of "Narra tive of the U. S. Explo. Exped.," 5 vols. 1845 ; in 1851, "Voyage round the World," c., a concise account of the same ; " Western Amer ica," 1849; "Meteorology of the Explo. Ex ped.," 1851; d. Washington, Feb. 8, 1877. Wilkes, GEORGE, editor and proprietor of the Spirit of the Times. Author of " His tory of California," 8vo, 1845; "Europe in a Hurry," 12mo, 1852. In 1870 he received from the Emperor of Russia the grand cross of the order of St. Stanislas for suggesting an overland railway to China and India by way of Russia. Wilkins, WILLIAM, statesman, b. Carlisle, Pa., Dec 20,1779; d.near Pittsburg, Pa., June 23, 1865. Son of John, Revol. officer, an early settler of Pittsburg, brig.-gen. of militia dur ing the " Whiskey Insurrection," who d. Pitts burg, 1816, a. 54. William was educated in Pittsburg. In 1810 was pres. of the Pittsburg Manuf Co., and was until 1819 pres. of the Bank of Pittsburg. He then entered the legisl. ; was U. S. senator in 1831-4; minister to Russia 1834; M.C. 1843-4; sec. of war 1844-5; and judge of the U.S. Dist. Court for Western Pennsylvania. Wilkinson, GEN. JAMES, b. near Bene dict, Md., 1757 ; d. near Mexico City, Dec. 28, 1825. He studied at the Medical School of Phila. in 1773, and, after the battle of Bunk er s Hill, repaired to the camp at Cambtidge; March, 1776, Washington made him a capt. in Reed s N.H. regt., in which he served under Arnold in the Northern army ; July, 1776, he was app. brigade-major ; in Dec. was sent by Gates to the com.-in-chief with despatches, and assisted in the battles at Trenton and Prince ton ; lieut.-col. Jan. 12 ? 1777 ; on Gates s app to com. the Northern army, he was made adj.- gen. (May 24), and bore to Congress the offi cial despatches announcing Burgoyne s surren der. He received the brev. of brig.-gen., and was appointed sec. to the board of war, of which Gates was pres. Implicated in the Conway Cabal, he resigned his secretaryship, and July 24, 1779, was app. clothier-gen, to the army, After the peace, he settled in Lexington, Ky., with his family, and engaged in mercantile transactions, particularly in a tobacco contract with the Spanish gov. of La. App. lieut.-col. com. 2d Inf. Nov. 7, 1791 ; com. an exped. on the Wabash in 1791-2 ; brig.-gen. March 5, 1792 ; com. right wing of Wayne s army at the Maumee Rapids, and was disting. ; received Louisiana from the French, as joint commiss. with Gov. Claiborne, in Dec. 1803; gov. of La. Terr. 1805-7; gen.-in-chief of the army, Dec. 1796-July, 1798, and June, 1800-Jan. 1812; remained at the head of the Southern dept. until his court-martial in 1811, which grew out of the enmity of Burr s friends at his activity in exposing his plans, and the charge of being in the pay of Spain, and was honor ably acquitted. App. brev. maj.-gen. July 10, 1812; maj.-gen. Mar. 1813 ; in April, 1813, he reduced Mobile, and fortified Mobile Point ; and in May was ordered to the northern frontier. His operations against Canada were totally unsuccessful, principally on account of dis agreement with Gen. Wade Hampton ; and he was tried by a court-martial, but was acquitted of all blame. On the reduction of the army in 1815, he was discharged. Having become pos sessor of large estates in Mexico, he removed to that country, where he died. He pub. at Phila., in 1816, "Memoirs of My Own Times," 3 vols. 8vo. He was elegant in person and manners, and sumptuous and hospitable in his living. Wilkinson, JEMIMA, a religious impos tor, b. Cumberland, R.I., ab. 1753 ; d. July 1, 1819. She was educated a Quaker, and ob tained distinction in the sect. Recovering sud denly from an apparent suspension of life, experienced during a fit of sickness ab. 1773, she asserted that she had been raised from the dead, and claimed to be invested with divine attributes, as well as authority to instruct man kind in religion. She made a few proselytes, with whom, in 1789, she removed to N.Y., and settled on the tract called Jerusalem, Yates Co., where she resided until her death. She professed to be able to work miracles. Though she inculcated poverty, her dupes enabled her WTLr 984 win, to .ive in a style of elegance ; and she was care ful to be the owner of lands, purchased in the name of her companion, Rachel Miller. When she preached, she stood in the door of her bed chamber, weaving a waistcoat, stock, and a white silk cravat. After her death, the sect was entirely broken up. She insisted on the Sha ker doctrine of celibacy ; and the exercises of Willard, COL. ABIJAH, loyalist, b. Lan caster, Ms., 1722; d. Lancaster, N.B., May, 1789. Son of Col. Samuel. He served at the taking of Cape Breton ; rose to the rank of capt., and was wounded at Ticonderoga ; com. a Ms. regt. in the campaign of 1759 un der Amherst ; was a loyalist ; and in 1778 was proscribed, and his property confiscated. He settled in New Brunswick, and was a member of the Prov. council. Willard, EMMA C. (HART), teacher and author, b. N. Berlin, Ct., Feb. 23, 1787; d. Troy, N.Y., April 15, 1870. Descended from Thos. Hooker, the founder of Hartford. At 16 she began teaching in her native town ; was successively principal of several academies; and while at Middlebury, Vt., in 1 809, m. Dr. John Willard. In 1821 she commenced her celebrat ed school, the Troy Female Sem., with which she was connected till 1839. In 1830 she made a tour in Europe, and on her return pub. her "Journal and Letters," 12mo, 1833, devoting her share of the proceeds of the sale to the sup port of a school in Greece, founded mainly by her exertions, for the education of female teach ers. Mrs. Willard long resided in Hartford, where she wrote and pub. addresses on Female Education ; a " Manual of American History; " a " Treatise on Ancient Geography ; " a small vol. of" Poems," 1830; a "Treatise on the Motive Powers which produce the Circulation of the Blood," 1846; "History of the Mexi can War and California," 8vo, 1849; "Last Leaves of American History," a continuation of her Manual ; " Universal History in Per spective," 1837; "Temple of Time," 1844; "Historic Guide," 1847; "Respiration and its Effects;" "Astronography ;" "Morals for the Young," 1857; "Astronomy," 1853. One of her best known poems is the ocean-hymn, " Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep." Willard, FRANCES E., pres. of the Evans- ton Coil, for Ladies, b. near Rochester, N.Y., 28 Sept. 1839. Northw. Fern. Coll. 1858. Of N. Eng. parentage, and descended from a race of teachers. She followed the same profession in various Western towns; afterward taught the natural sciences in her alma mater ; in 1867 was app. preceptress of Genesee Wesl. Sem. at Lima, N.Y.; and Feb. 14, 1871, was elected pres. of the coll. recently established in connec tion with the North-western U. in deference to the popular idea of the co-education of the sexes. This is the tirst time that such an honor was ever conferred upon a woman ; and Miss Wil- lard s eminent fitness for the position has been abundantly manifested. In 1869-71, in com pany with her friend and benefactress, Miss Kate A. Jackson of Paterson, N. J., she made an extended foreign tour, visiting Europe, Syria, ind Egypt. In 1 8 7 1 she lectured i uccessfully in Chicago, her theme being " The New Chival ry," the educational aspects of the Woman Question. Besides numerous contribs. to peri odicals, Miss W.in 1864 pub. "Nineteen Beau tiful Years," a tribute to a deceased sister, which has been highly commended. Willard, JOHN DWIGHT, LL.D., judge N.Y. Circuit Court, b. Lancaster 4 Nov. 1799 ; d. Troy, N.Y., 16 Oct. 1864. D.C. 1819. Adm. to the N.Y. bar ab. 1823 ; began practice in Troy in 1826; was editor of the Troy Sentinel some years ; served as a State senator ; and was a judge C.C.P. Left $10,000 to Dartm. Coll. Author of " Treatise on Equity Juris prudence," 1855 ; " Law of Executors, Ad ministrators, and Guardians," 8vo, 1859; "Law of Real Estate," 1861. Willard, JOSEPH, D.D., LL.D., clergy man, pres. of H.U., b. Biddeford, Me., Dec. 29, 1738; d. N. Bedford, Ms., Sept, 25, 1804. H.U. 1765. Losing his father, Rev. Samuel, minister of Biddeford (172541), at an early age, he went to sea, and made several coasting- voyages. He was enabled by the generosity of some friends to enter college ; was tutor there in 1766-72 ; was ord. colleague with Rev. Joseph Champney at Beverly, Nov. 25, 1772 ; and was inducted into the presidency of Har vard, Dec. 19, 1781. He pub. a few sermons; a Latin address on the death of Washington., prefixed to Tappan s discourse, 1800 ; and some math, and astron. papers in the Memoirs of the Amer. Academy. Willard, JOSEPH, antiquarian, son of the preceding, b. Cambridge, Ms., March 14, 1798 ; d. Boston, May 12, 1865. H.U. 1816. He studied law. Settled about 1829 in Boston. Corresp. sec. of the Ms. Hist. Society 1829-64 ; app. master in chancery in 1839 ; clerk of the Sup. Court 1839-56; clerk of the Superior Court from 1856 until his death. Author of a " Histoiy of Lancaster," 1826; the Life of his ancestor, Simon Willard, with a Family Genealogy, 8vo, 1858; "Address on the 200th Anniv. of the Town of Lancaster," 8vo, 1853 ; " Naturalization in the Amer. Colonies," 1859 ; " Letter to an English Friend on the Rebellion in the U.S.," 1862 ; contribs. to hist, and lite rary periodicals. His son Maj. SIDNEY (H.U. 1852), b. Lancaster, Ms., Feb. 3, 1831, fell ut Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. He studied and practised law in Boston. Was made maj. 35th Ms. Regt. Aug. 27, 1862. He was the writer of the article in the Atlantic Monthly entitled " A Night in a Wherry ; " was a dis- ting. oarsman at college, and skilful in athletic sports. Willard, SAMUEL, divine and author, b. Concord, Ms., Jan. 31, 1640; d. Sept. 12, 1707. H.U. 1659. Son of Maj. Simon. Settled min ister of Groton in 1663, but was driven thence by the Indian war of 1676; became colleague with Mr. Thacher of the Old South Church, Boston, April 10, 1678; and as vice-pres., on the death of Pres. Mather (Sept. 6, 1701), took the superintendence of H.U. till his death. He opposed the proceedings of the courts during the witchcraft persecutions. His chief Avork is his " Body of Divinity," a folio vol. made up of monthly lectures delivered for 19 years, and pub. 1726 ; also author of " Brief Animadver- WZL, 985 WZL, Bions," &c., 1681; "The Fountain Opened," &c., 12mo, 1700; sermons and treatises. His son JOSIAH (b. 1 May, 1681) was sec. of Ms. from June, 171 7, to his d., 6 Dec. 1756. H.U. 1698. App. judge of probate in 1731, mem ber of the council 1 734. Willard, SAMUEL, D. D. (H. U. 1826), Unitarian divine, b. Petersham, Ms., Apr. 19, 1776: d. Deerfield, Ms., Oct. 8, 1859. H.U. 1803. He was in 1804-5 tutor in Bowd. Coll. Was ord. over the church in Deerfield, Sept. 3, 1807, and resigned the pastorate in Sept. 1829 on account of loss of sight. Author of the "Deerfield Coll. of Sacred Music;" "Origi nal Hymns," 1823 ; " Index to the Bible, with Juvenile Hymns," 1826; "Coll. of Hymns," 1830 ; " Rhetoric," 1831 ;" In trod, to the Lat in Language," 1835, &c. Member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Willard, SIDNEY, prof, of Hebrew in H. U. in 1807-31, b. Beverly, Ms., 19 Sept. 1780; d. Cambridge, 6 Dec. 1856. H.U. 1798; li brarian there 1800-5. Son of Pres. Joseph of H.U. At one time a preacher; frequently a member of the legisl. and council; mayor of Cambridge 1848-51. Author of "Memories of Youth and Manhood," 2 vols. 12mo, 1855; and contrib. to the Monthly Anthology, Christ. Exam., and the N. A. Review. Willard, MAJOR SIMON of Salem, b. Kent, Eng. ; baptized 7 Apr. 1605 ; d. Charles- town, Ms., where he was holding a court, April 24, 1676. He came to N.E. in 1634; was a chief settler of Concord ; then lived in Lancas ter and Groton, and finally, in 1676, in Salem. He held various civil offices, and was skilful as a soldier. Willard, WILLIAM, portrait-painter, b. Sturbridge, Ms., 1819. Began portrait-painting ab. 1849 ; has made successful pictures of Jenny Lind, Daniel Webster, Choate, Lincoln, and other noted persons ; and since 1866 has been fully occupied with his profession in Worces ter, Mass. Willcox, ORLANDO BOLIVAR, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. Detroit, Mich., 16 Apr. 1823. West Point, 1847. Entered 4th. Art; served in Texas, and in the final campaign in Florida, by which he suffered greatly in health ; and re signed 10 Sept. 1857. Adm. to the Detroit bar in 1858, he practised with success until May 24, 1861, when he became col. of the 1st Mich. Regt., the first to arrive at the theatre of war from the West. With Col. Ellsworth, he took possession of Alexandria ; com. a brigade at the battle of Bull Run, where he was con spicuous for gallantry ; was severely wounded, and taken prisoner; exchanged in Aug. 1862 ; brig. -gen. vols., dating from July 21, 1861. He was in the battles of Antietam and Fredericks- burg, and was temporarily in com. of the 9th corps in Central Ky. Engaged in the opera tions in E. Tenn., Sept. 63 to Mar. 64 ; com. div. 9th corps in the Richmond campaign end ing with Lee s surrender; brev. maj. -general vols. 1 Aug. 1864 for gallantry in several ac tions after crossing the Rapidan ; and brig.- gen. U.S.A. for the battle of Spottsylvania ; col. 29th Inf. July 28, 1866; col. 12th Inf. 1869; brev. rnaj.-gen. March 2, 1867, for cap ture of Petersburg. Author of " Shoepack Recollections," 1856; "A Wayside Glimpse of American Life," 1856; "Foca, an Arm} Memoir, by Maj. March," 1857. Cul/um. Willett, COL. MARINUS, Revol. soldier, b. Jamaica, L.I., July 31, 1740; d. N. York, Aug. 22, 1830. Col. Coll. 1776. A lieut. in Delancey s regt. in the unfortunate attack upon Ticonderoga, in which he displayed great cool ness and bravery ; and served in Bradstreet s exped. against Fort Frontenac. Early in 1775 Willett entered M Dougal s regt. as second capt. ; joined the exped. of Montgomery; com. the post of St. John s until Jan. 1776, when he returned home, and was soon afterwards app. lieut.-col. 3d N.Y. Regt. ; May 18, 1777, he was ordered to Fort Stanwix, which was invested ab. the 3d of Aug. by Col. St. Leger with a large force of regulars and Indians. In order to effect a diversion in favor of Gen. Herkimer, who was collecting a body of militia to raise the siege, Col. Willett made a successful sally, and the siege was raised on the approach of Arnold. In June, 1778, he joined the army of Washington, and was present at the battle of Monmouth ; in 1779 he accomp. Sullivan s successful exped. against the Indians. At the close of the war he was sheriff of N. Y. City (1784-92), and was mayor in 1807. In 1792 he was app. brig.-gen. in the army intended to act against the North-western Indians, but declined. He pub. an Autobiography. A Memoir, by his son Wm. M. Willett, was pub. 8vo, New York, 1831. Williams, GEN. ALPHEUS STARKEY, b. Saybrook, Ct., Sept. 20, 1810. Y.C. 1831. In 1836-41 he practised law in Detroit ; judge of probate for his county 1841-5 ; and editor and proprietor of the Detroit Daily Advertiser 1843-7. In the Mexican war he was lieut.-col. of Stockton s Mich. Vols., and was postmas ter of Detroit in 1849-53. App. Brig.-gen. 17 May, 1861, he organized the Mich. Vols. un til Sept. ; joined Gen. Banks in com. of the 1st division in his corps in March, 1862. At the battle of Cedar Mountain, one-third of his division were killed or wounded. He com. this division of Slocum s (12th) corps at Antietam, at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863; served under Sherman in the Atlanta campaign ; succeeded Slocum in com. of the 20th corps in Nov. 1864, and led it in the " march to the sea," and the campaign in the Carolinas, Dec. 1864-AIay, 1865. Minister to the republic of San Salva dor 1866-9. Williams, COL. BENJAMIN, Revol. pa triot, b. N. C. 1754; d. Moore Co. July 20, 1814. He entered the army as a capt. ; was disting. and made col. at the battle of Guil- ford ; served many years in the State legisl. ; was M.C. in 1793-5; was gov. of N.C. 1799- 1802 and 1807-8, and State senator 1808-9. Williams, CATHARINE R., b. Prov., R.I, 1 790 ;d. Johnston, R.I., Oct. 10,1872. Author of " Original Poems," 1828 ; " Religion at Home," 1829; " Tales, National and Revol. ,"2 series, 1830-5 ; " Aristocracy," 1832 ; " Fall River," 1833; "Lives of Barton and Olney," 1839; "Neutral French," 1841 ; "Annals of the Aristocracy " (of R. I.), 1842-5. Williams, CHARLES KILBOURNE, LL.D, WTXi 986 (Mid. Coll. 1834), jurist, b. Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 24, 1782 ; d. Rutland, Vt., Mar. 9, 1853. Wins. Coll. 1800. Son of Prof. Samuel. He became an eminent practitioner at the bar of Rutland Co. In 1812 served one campaign on the northern frontier; was frequently a repre sentative between 1809 and 1821, and again in 1849; State attorney in 1814 and 15; judge of the Sup. Court in 1822-4 and 1829-42; collector of customs for the dist. of Vt. 1825- 9 ; chief justice of the Sup. Court 1843-6, and ex qfficio chancellor of the State ; pres. of the council of censors in 1847; and gov. 1850-2. A Memoir of his Life was pub. by Hon. Isaac F. Redtielfl. Williams, CHARLES LANGDON, b. Rut land, Vt., 1821 ; d. there 10 Feb. 1861. Wms. Coll. 1839. Adm. to the bar in 1842; prac tised at Brandon, Vt., in 1844-8 ; and after ward resided in Rutland. Author of" Statistics of the Rutland-Co. Bar/ 1847; "Statutes of Vt.," 8vo, 1851 ; " Vt. Sup.-Court Reports," vols. 27-29, 1855-7. Williams, DAVID R., gov. S.C. 1814-16; killed by accident at a new bridge, Nov. 15, 1830. M.C. 1805-9 and 1811-13; brig.-gen. July 9, 1813, to April 6, 1814. Williams, EDWIN, statistical writer, b. Norwich, Ct., 1797; d. N. Y. City, Oct. 21, 1854. Son of Gen. Joseph, a Revol. officer. He pub. Williams s Annual Register (1830-45) ; " Statesman s Manual," 4 volumes 8vo, 1854; " Politician s Manual," 1832 ; " New Universal Gazetteer," 1833 ; "Book of the Constitution," 1833; "New York as It Is in 1833," et seq.; " Arctic Voyages," 1835 ; " Polit. History of Ireland," 1843; "Presidents of the U.S.," 1849 ; " Twelve Stars of the Republic," 1850. He was also one of the authors of " The Napo leon Dynasty," and was a constant contrib. to periodicals. Many years sec. to the American Institute, and an active working-member of the Hist., Geog., and Statistical Societies, as well as of the Mechanics Institute. Williams, REV. ELEAZER ; d. Hogans- burg, N.Y., Aug. 28, 1858, a. ab. 73. He is supposed to have been a grandson of Eunice, daughter of "the redeemed captive." In his youth he was put to school at Longmeadow, Ms. When the war with England broke out in 1812, he became confidential agent of govt. among the Indians; served with bravery in several engagements ; and was severely wounded at Plattsburg in 1814. After the war he con nected himself with the Prot.-Epis. Church, officiating for several years as lay-reader among the Oneida Indians; and in 1826 was ord. mis sionary in Northern N. Y. and in Wis. Terr, for many years. He derives his notoriety from an article by Rev. Mr. Hanson in Putnam s Mag., entitled " Have we a Bourbon among Us ? " and a subsequent vol. by the same per son, called " The Lost Prince." Author of " Iroquois Spelling-Book," 1813; "Caution rinst our Common Enemy," 1815; "Book Common Prayer," transl. into Mohawk, 1853 ; " Life of Thomas Williams," a chief of the Caughnawagas, 1859. Williams, ELISHA, pres. of Yale College 1726-39, b. Hatfield, Ms., Aug. 26, 1694; d. Wethersfield, July 25, 1755. H.U, 1711. Son of Rev. William of Hatfield. Ord. minister of Newington, Oct. 22, 1722. He passed from his parish duties at Wethersfield to the presi dency of Yale. Obliged by ill-health to resign his rectorship of Yale Coll., he returned to Wethersfield, and was elected to the legisl., and app. judge of the Superior Court. He was in 1745 chaplain of the Ct. regt. sent to Cape Breton ; was subsequently app. to com. a regt. in an intended exped. against Canada ; went to Eng. in Dec. 1749 to receive the pay due to himself and his regt., returning in 1752. He pub. some occasional sermons. Williams, COL. EPHRAIM, founder of Williams College, b. Newton, Ms., Feb. 24, 1715; killed near Lake George, Sept. 8, 1755. Eldest son of Col. Eph., an early settler of Stockbridge. In early life he made several voyages to Europe. In the war with France, 1 740-8, he served as a capt. in Canada ; com. the line of Massachusetts forts on the west side of Ct. River; in 1755 he took com. of a regt., and was ordered to join the N.Y. forces under Gen. Johnson, who were marching northward to attack the French. He was proceeding with about 1,000 men and 200 Indians to attack Dieskau s advanced force, when he was ambus caded by the French and Indians, and was killed at the first fire. He left his property by will for the establishment of a free school at Williamstown, Ms., which was opened in 1791, was incorporated as a college in 1 793, and be came a flourishing institution. Williams, FREDERICK DICKINSON, land scape-painter of Boston, b. 27 Aug. 1828. Bos ton Latin School, 1843; H. U. 1850. Draw ing-teacher at the Boston Latin and High Schools 1850-7. Son of Henry Williams of Boston. Among his pictures are " Tremont St. by Gaslight ; " " At Home, a N. England Interior ; " " The Old Tannery on the Road to Franconia ; " " Back-Bay Lands ; " " New- England Hillsides ; " " The Seaside Pasture ; " " Manchester Coast ; " " Summer at Lake George." Williams, GEORGE H., atty.-gen. U. S. (app. 14 Dec. 1871), b. Columbia Co., N.Y., 23 Mar. 1823. Received an academical educa tion in Onondaga Co. Studied law ; adm. to the bar in 1844, and emig. to Iowa; elected judge 1st jud. dist. 1847; app. chief justice Oreg. Terr. 1853; re-app. 1857, but declined; member Const. Conv. of Oregon which formed the State govt. ; U. S. senator 1865- 71. Williams, HENRY WILLARD, M.D. (H.U. 1849), oculist of Boston. Author of " Diseases of the Eye," 1862 ; " Recent Advances in Oph thalmic Science," 1866. Williams, COL. JAMES; d. Oct. 8, 1780, of a wound at the battle of King s Mountain. He emig. from Granville Co., N. C., to Little River, Laurens Dist., S.C., in 1773. Member Prov. Cong, of S.C. in Jan. 1775 ; col. of mi litia in April, 1779 ; com. a detachment at the battle of Stono, June 20, 1779 ; Aug. 18, 1 780, he attacked and defeated a large body of Brit ish and Tories, under Col. Innis, at Musgrove s Mills. He led one of the columns of attack at King s Mountain, where he exhibited great bravery, and fell in the thickest of the fight. win. 987 "WTL Two of Lis sons, Daniel and Joseph, were in the battle. O NeaWs Newberry. Williams, JARED W., gov. N.H. 1847-9; M.G. 1837-41 ; U.S. senator 1853-4 ; b. N.H. ; d. Lancaster, N.H., Sept. 29, 1864. Brown U. 1818. He served several terms in the State legislature. Williams, JOHN, first minister of Deer- field, Ms., b. Roxbury, Ms., Dec. 10, 1664; d. Deerfield, June 12, 1729. H. U. 1683. His grandfather Robert settled in Roxbury in 1637. By the aid of his maternal grandfather, Wm. Park, he received a liberal education. May 17, 1686, he was settled at Deerfield, a frontier settlement exposed to continued at tacks from the Indians. Feb. 26, 1704 (0. S.), the place was taken and burned, 38 of the townspeople slain, and ab. 100 carried into captivity, among them, Mr. Williams and his wife* (who was murdered on the way) and children. They were taken to Montreal, where they remained from the end of March till Oct. 25, 1706, when the survivors were sent to Bos ton. His dau. Eunice, 10 years of age, was left behind, and m. an Indian. In March fol lowing he pub. " The Redeemed Captive," an interesting narrative of his adventures ; an edi tion containing the Journal of his son Ste- B n ien, and a History of Deerfield, was pub. by r. S. W. Williams, 12mo, 1837. He returned to Deerfield; m. a dau. of Capt. Allen of Windsor, Ct. ; and ab. 1710 was app. a corn- miss, in the exped. to Canada under Col. Stod- dard. His 3 sons, Eleazer, Stephen, and War- ham, were ministers. STEPHEN, D.D. (D.C. 1773), minister of Longmeadow from 17 Oct. 1716 to his d. 10 June, 1782 (b. 14 May, 1693 ; H. U. 1713), was a chaplain under Pepperrell at Louisburg (1745), under Sir Wm. Johnson (1755), and under Gen. Winslow in 1756. Of his sons, STEPHEN was min. of Woodstock; WARHAM, of Northford (1750-88) ; and NA THAN, of Tolland (4 Apr. 1760 to his d. 15 Apr. 1829; b. 1735; Y. C. 1755). Williams, JOHN, jurist, b. Hanover Co., Va. ; d. Granville Co., N. C., Oct. 1799. He was one of the first judges under the State const, of N. C. in 1777-90, and a member of the Old Congress in 1778-9. Williams, JOHN ("Anthony Pasquin"), b. London ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Oct. 12, 1818. Educated at Merchant Tailors School, and originally intended for the church, but pre ferred literature, and was employed as a trans lator by the London booksellers. He edited several journals in Dublin; and in 1784 as sisted Henry Bate Dudley on the Morning Her ald. A violent quarrel soon severed this con nection. In 1787 he was corresp. for the Uni versal Register. Two vols. of his poems were pub. Lond. 1789. While in Ireland, his violent denunciation of govt. brought on him its ven geance ; a heavy fine was imposed upon him : and he was adjudged by Lord Kenyon, in 1797, "a common libeller/ He came soon after to the U.S., where he edited a Democ. newspaper. Also author of "Legislative Biog.," 8vo, 1795 ; " The Hamiltoniad," Bos ton, 1804; "Life of Alex. Hamilton," Boston, 1804; "Dramatic Censor/ 8vo, 1811. See Allilone; Europ. May., 1789. Williams, COL. JOHN, soldier and sena tor, b. Surry Co., N.C., Jan. 29, 1778; d. neaf Knoxville, Aug. 10, 1837. Son of a dieting. Revol. patriot. Was app. capt. 6th Inf. April, 1799 ; emig. to Tenn. in 1803 ; engaged in the practice of law; m. and settled near Knox ville. In the latter part of 1812 he raised a regt. of vols., and marched at their head into Florida; app. col. 39th U.S. Inf. 18 June, 1813, with which he went to New Orleans ; in Dec. 1813 he joined Gen. Jackson, and partici pated in the battle of Horse-shoe Bend ; U. S. senator 1815-23 ; several years chairman of its military committee. From Dec. 9, 1825, to March, 1827, he was minister to the republic of Central America) and was subsequently a member of the State senate. Williams, JOHN, D.D. (Col. and Union Colls. 1847), Prot.-Epis. bishop of Ct. (consec. 29 Oct. 1851), b. Deerfield, Ms., 30 Aug. 1817. Trin. Coll. 1835. Ord. deacon 1838; priest 1841 ; rector of St. George s, Schenectady, 1842. Pros. Trin. Coll., Hartford, 1848-53. Succeeded to the episcopate on the death of Bishop Brownell, Jan. 1865. Author of "An cient Hymns of the Church ; " " Thoughts on the Gospel Miracles ; " " Inaug. Discourse Trin. Coll.," 1849; also sermons, addresses, and articles in the Church Review, &c. Edited Browne s Exposition of the 39 Articles, 1865. Williams, JOHN FOSTER, a naval officer of the Revol. ; d. Boston, June 24, 1814, a. 70. He was brought up to the sea, and early in 1 780 received the com. of " The Protector," a 20- gun ship built by the State of Ms. ; July 9, 1 780, he fell in with the letter-of-marque " Admiral Duff" (32 guns and 150 men), which, after an action of an hour and a half, took fire, and was blown up. Late in Oct. 1780 he again sailed from Boston ; cruised a while in the W. Indies, where he took several rich prizes ; but on his re turn-voyage, falling in with two armed ships of superior force, he was obliged to surrender, remaining a prisoner until the peace. In the celebration of the adoption of the Federal Constitution by Ms. in Feb. 1788, Capt. Wil liams held a conspicuous place. From 1790 to his d. he was com. of a revenue-cutter. Williams, GEN. JONATHAN, b. Boston, 1752; d. Phila. 16 May, 1815. Son of Jona., a Revol. patriot. He received a good educa tion ; was placed in a counting-house, and made several commercial voyages to the W. Indies and to Europe. He was in Eng. in 1770 and 73, where he was kindly received by Dr. Franklin, his grand-uncle, and was intrusted with letters and communications of political importance. Visiting France in 1777, he was app. U. S. commercial agent, and in 1785 re turned with Franklin to the U.S. He wns sev eral years a judge of the C.C.P. in Phila. App. maj. of art. 16 Feb. 1801 ; insp. of forti fications 4 Dec. 1801 ; and supt. of West-Point Acad. ; lieut.-col. engrs. 8 July, 1802 ; col. 23 Feb. 1808-31 July, 1812; gen. of N.Y. militia 1812-15. Elected to Congress from Phila. 1814; vice-pres. Amer. Philos. Soc. Author of a Memoir on the use of the thermometer in navigation, 1 799 ; " Elements of Fortification (transl.), 1801; and "Kosciusko s Movement for Horse Artillery," 1808. His sou Capt. "WIL 988 ALEX. JOHN was killed in defence of Fort Erie, 15 Au jr. 1814. Williams, GEN. OTHO HOLLAND, b. Prince George Co., Md., in March, 1749; d. July 16, 1794. His ancestors were Welsh, and came to America soon after Lord Baltimore be came proprietor of Md. At twelve he was left an orphan, and was placed in the office of the clerk of his native county, and afterward in that of Baltimore, of which he had the princi pal direction. In the beginning of the Revol. struggle he was app. lieut. of a rifle company, and inarched to the Amer. camp near Boston. In 1776 a rifle regt. was organized, in which he was app. major ; it formed part of the garrison of Fort Washington, N.Y., when that post was captured by the British, and gained great honor by the gallant manner in which it with stood the attack of the Hessian column to which it was opposed. Major Williams was wounded and taken, but was soon exchanged. App. col. 6th Md. Regt., with which, soon after the reduction of Charleston, he accomp. Baron De Kalb to S. C. ; and, when Gen. Gates assumed the com. of the Southern army, he was made adj.-gen., in which station he remained until the close of the war. He gained great distinc tion in the disastrous battle of Camden ; per formed efficient service during Greene s cele brated retreat, in which he com. the light corps which acted as a rear-guard. He seconded Greene at Guilford and Hobkirk ; and, by his brilliant charge at Eutaw, he decided the for tune of the clay. In May, 1782, he was made a brig.-gen. ; coll. of customs for the State of Md. until his death. See Life by Tiffany, 8vo, 1851. Williams, REUEL, LL.D. (Bowd. 1855), lawyer and senator, b. Augusta, Me., June 2, 1783; d. July 25, 1862. Adm. to the bar in 1802, he was a partner with Judge Bridge, and acquired high reputation ; member of the legisl. 1822-6, and of the senate in 1827-8; again in the house in 1829-32; U.S. senator 1837-43; was active in the railroad project of uniting Augusta with Boston ; and for 12 years was the manager of the road. Williams, ROGER, founder of R.I., and the apostle of civil and religious liberty in America, b. Wales, 1599; d. Providence, Apr. 1683. Educated by Sir Ed. Coke at Sutton s Hospital, now the Charter House, 1621-4, and at Pemb. Coll., Camb., 1625-6. He became a nonconformist minister, and sought an asylum in America, arriving at Boston Feb. 9, 1631. In April he was chosen assist, to Mr. Skelton in the ministry at Salem ; and asserting at once his views of religious toleration, the independ ence of conscience of the civil magistrate, and the separation of Church and State, he was in a few months obliged to withdraw to Plymouth, where he was for two years assist, to Mr. Ralph Smith. Returning to Salem in 1633, he suc ceeded Skelton, and was driven thence by an order of the Gen. Council, late in 1635, into exile for " his new and dangerous opinions against the authority of magistrates." Per mitted to remain till spring, he persisted in preaching in his own house ; and orders were eent in Jan. 1636 to seize him, and send him to Eng. He fled, making his memorable journey in the winter-season through what was then a wilderness, and founded the city of Providence. Here he maintained friendly relations with the Indians, and promoted the settlement of R.I. Embracing the sentiments of the Baptists, he was baptized March, 1639; but, entertaining doubts of the correctness of their principles, the church he had formed was dissolved. He studied the Indian language, and endeavored to teach the gospel to the Indians. In 1643 he sailed from New Amsterdam for Eng. to pro cure a charter. On his voyage he wrote his "Key into the Language of America" (Lond. 1643). He obtained a charter in 1644, and landed in Boston in Sept. Before returning, he pub. in Load. " Mr. Cotton s Letter, lately printed, Examined and Answered ; " and also his celebrated work, which embodies the princi ples of toleration, " The Bloody Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience." At the close of 1651 he again visited Eng. to se cure the confirmation of the charter, in which he succeeded. Cotton having replied to his "Bloody Tenent," Williams pub. (Lond. 1652) " The Bloody Tenent yet more Bloody by Mr. Cotton s Endeavour to wash it White in the Blood of the Lambe," &c. ; and at the same time " The Hireling Ministry none of Christ s ; " also "Experiments of Spiritual Life and Health, and their Preservatives." During this second visit in Eng., he was for a time engaged in teaching. He was intimate with Milton, Cromwell, and Sir Henry Vane, with whom he passed much time. He was chosen pres. of the Colony in Sept. 1654, which office he held 2 years. His influence with the Indians enabled him to render signal services to the Colonies around him by averting from them the calami ties of savage* war ; but they refused to admit R.I. into the N. England league, and even put obstacles in the way of preparing the means of defence. His Memoir has been written by J. D. Knowles (1833), Wm. Gammell (1846), and Romeo Elton (1853). The Narraganset Club in 1866 pub. a vol. containing a biog. of Wil liams by R. A. Guild, Williams s Key into the Language of America (edited by J. Ham mond Trumbull), and Cotton s Letter with Williams s Reply. Though maintaining the rights of the Quakers. Williams held a contro versy with Fox and his disciples, an account of which is the last of his pubs., " George Fox digged out of his Burrowes " (1676). Williams, SAMUEL, LL.D. (Edinb. 1785), historian, and Hollis prof, of mathe matics and nat. philos. in H.U. 1780-8, b. Waltham, Ms., Apr. 23, 1743 ; d. Rutland, Vt., Jan. 2, 1817. H.U. 1761. Grandson of Rev. John of Deerfield. Ord. minister of Bradford, Nov. 20, 1765-80. In 1788 he removed to Rut land, where he preached in 1789-95, and where he resided during the rest of his life. He sur veyed the west boundary of Ms. in 1786, and the boundary-line of Vt. in 1805. Some time editor and prop, of the Rutland Herald ; fellow of the Amer. Acad., of the Philos. Society ; and pub., besides papers on astronomy, &c., in the sci entific journals, " The Natural and Civil History of Vt.," 8vo, 1794, enlarged edition, 2 vols. 8vo, 1809. During his residence at Bradford, Benj. Thompson, afterwards Count Rumford, studied 989 philosophy under him, was a member of his family, and corresp. Avith him until 1791. His son Gen. C. K. Williams became chief justice and gov. of Vt. Williams, SAMUEL WELLS, LL.D. (Un. Coll. 1850), orientalist, b. Utica, N.Y., Sept. 1812. After studying at the Rensselaer School, Troy, he went in 1833 to China as a printer for the missionary board at Canton, and assisted in editing the Chinese Repository. In 1837, while on a voyage to and from Japan, he obtained from some shipwrecked Japanese a knowledge of their language, translated a treatise on smelt ing copper from the original, and made a ver sion or the Book of Genesis and the Gospel of St. Matthew into Japanese. He contrib. to Dr. Bridgman s " Chinese Chrestomathy," and pub. "Easy Lessons in Chinese," 1841; "English and Chinese Vocabulary," 1843; and y Chinese Commercial Guide," 1844. Re turning home, he reached New York in Oct. 1 845, and pub. " The Middle Kingdom," 2 vols. 1848. In 1848-51 he edited the Chinese Repository at Canton ; in 1 853-4 he was inter preter to Com. Perry s Japan exped. ; in 1855 he was sec. and interpreter to the U.S. legation ; in 1856 he pub. a " Tonic Dictionary of the Chinese Language ; " in 1858 he assisted Mr. Reed in the negotiations at Tientsen, and in 1859 went with Mr. Ward to Pekin to ex change the ratifications; in 1860 he lectured before the Smithsonian Inst. and elsewhere in the U. S. Appleton. Williams, GEN. SETH, b. Augusta, Me., March 22, 1822; d. Boston, March 23, 1866. West Point, 1842. Son of Hon. Daniel of Augusta, Me. Entered 2d Art. ; was 1st lieut. in 1847 ; served with Scott s army in Mexico, participating in the principal battles, as aide-de camp to Gen. Patterson ; and was brev. capt. for gallantry at Cerro Gordo. After the war he was assigned to the adj.-gen. s dept. ; pro moted to maj. Aug. 3,1861; lieut.-col. July 17, 1 862 ; made brig.-gen. vols. Sept. 23, 1 861 ; adj.- gen. to Gen. McClellan in Western Va., and until McClellan was relieved of the com. of the Army of the Potomac ; and held the same posi tion with Gen. Meade. May 10, 1864, he was placed on the staff of Gen. Grant as acting in spector-gen. ; brev. col. U.S.A. for Gettysburg; maj.-gen. vols. 1 Aug. 1864 for merit, services since Gettysburg; brig_. and maj. gen. U.S.A. for campaign ending with Lee s surrender, and for gallant and merit, services in the field dur ing the Rebellion. Williams, STEPHEN WEST, M.D., a dis- ting. physician and author, b. Deerfield, Ms., Mar. 27, 1790; d. Laona, 111., July 6, 1855. Son of Dr. W. S. Williams of Deerfield^ Re moved to Laona in 1 852. A Memoir is in the Phila. Med. and Surfj. Jour, of Aug. 1852. Au thor of "Amer. Med.Biog.," 8vo, 1845; "Me moirs of Rev. John Williams of Deerfield ; " "Genealogy of the Williams Family," 1847; " Indigenous Medical Botany of Ms.," 8vo ; " Catechism of Med. Jurisprudence," 1 8mo, 1835. Contrib. to med. and scient. journals. Williams, GEN. THOMAS, b. N.Y. 1815; killed in the battle of Baton Rouge, Aug. 5, 1862. West Point, 1837. Entering the 4th Art., in 1840-1 he was assist, prof, of math, in the Milit. Acad. ; was aide to Gen. Scott in 1844-50; won the brevets of capt. and major in the Mexican war ; capt. 12 Sept. 1850; maj. 5th Art. 14 May, 1861 ; and Sept. 28 was made brig.-gen of vols. He com. for a time the forts at Hatteras Inlet ; accomp. Butler s exped. to New Orleans ; led the land-forces in the unsuc cessful siege of Vicksburg, cutting the canal designed to turn the course of the Mpi. from that city; and afterward held com. at Baton Rouge. He vigorously repulsed the attack upon that place by the Confeds. under Breck- enridge, but fell towards the close of the action while leading a Michigam regt. in a charge. Williams, THOMAS SCOTT, LL.D. (Y.C. 1834), jurist, b. Wethersfield, Ct., June 26, 1777 ; d. Hartford, Dec. 15, 1861. Y.C. 1794. Adm. to the bar in Feb. 1799; commenced practice at Mansfield, removing to Hartford in 1803; member of the Gen. Assembly 7 times between 1813 and 1829; M.C. in 1817-19; in May, 1829, was app. an assoc. judge of the Sup. Court of Errors and of the Superior Court ; and in May, 1834, was app. chief justice, which office he held till 1847; mayor of Hartford 1831-5. Some years pres. of the Amer. Tract Society ; was a large contrib. to objects of benevolence, and bequeathed nearly $30,000 to charitable institutions. An active member of the Foreign Mission and Bible Societies. Williams, WILLIAM, minister of Hatfield, Ms., 1685 to his d. Aug. 31, 1741, b. Newton, Feb. 2, 1665. H.U. 1683. Son of Isaac, and grandson of Robert of Roxbury . He preached a half-century sermon from his ord., as also did his son Solomon, his grandson Eliphalct at E. Hartford, and his great-grandson Solomon of Northampton. Williams, WILLIAM, a signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Lebanon, Ct., Apr. 18, 1731 ; d. Aug. 2, 1811. H.U. 1751. Son of Rev. Solo mon. In 1755 he belonged to the staff of his relative, Col. Eph. Williams, and was engaged in the battle of Lake George; in 1773 he was a member of the com. of corresp. of Ct. ; in 1775 speaker of the house, and afterwards a member of the council ; was an active member of the com. of safety. After serving a long time in the legisl., he was in 1776-7 and 1783-4 a member of the Cont. Congress. He aided in arousing^ the spirit of freedom by several essays on political subjects, and once by an impres sive speech ; and expended nearly all his prop erty in the cause. Member of the convention of his State which adopted the Federal Consti tution. His wife was a dau. of Gov. Trumbull. Williams, WILLIAM R., D.D., clergyman, b. New York, Oct. 14, 1804. Col. Coll. 1822. Son of Rev. John, pastor of the Oliver-st. Bap tist Ch., N.Y. City. He studied law 3 years in the office of Hon. P. A. Jay ; practised a year ; visited Europe ; and, entering upon the Baptist ministry, was installed over the Amity-st. Ch., New York, in 1831. He has pub. 2 vols. of discourses; "Religious Progress," 1850; "Lec tures on the Lord s Prayer," 1851; a vol. of "Miscellaneous Addresses," 1850, &c. A "History of the Baptists," by him, is an nounced (1871) from the press of Harper & Bros. Dr. Williams has a high reputation as an author and pulpit-orator. "WTLi 990 "WTL Williamson, HUGH, M.D.,LL.D., states man and man of letters, b. West Nottingham, Pa., 5 Dec. 1735; d. N.Y. 22 May, 1819. U. of Pa. 1757. He studied divinity; preached occasionally during two years; in 1760-3 was prof, of mathematics in the U. of Pa. ; studied medicine at Edinburgh and Utrecht, where he took his degree ; and on his return practised successfully in Phila. Jan. 7, 1769, he was app. one of a com. of the Philps. Society to observe the transit of Venus, his account of which is in vol. i. of the " Philos. Trans. ; " which also contains a paper by him on the transit of Mercury, 9 Nov. 1769. After visit ing the W. Indies in 1772, he went to London to procure aid for an acad. at Newark, N. J., and was examined in Feb. 1774 by ^the privy council on the subject of the destruction of the tea ; spent some time on the Continent ; and, after the Decl. of Indep., returned home, bring ing important papers. The letters of Hutch- inson and others were placed in the hands of Dr. Franklin, and reached Boston before Wil liamson reached Europe, disproving the as sertion of his agency in their procurement. In 1777 he engaged m mercantile pursuits in Charleston, S.C., with a younger brother. He subsequently practised medicine in Eden ton, N.C. ; served a number of years in the house of commons ; served as a surgeon in the mili tia of N.C. in 1781-2, rendering aid to those wounded at the battle of Camden ; was a dele gate to Congress in 1782-5 and 1787-8, and to the conv. which formed the U.S. Constitution in 1787, as well as to the State conv. to ratify it in 1789; M.C. 1790-3; then removed to New York, where he was instrumental in forming a Literary and Philos. Society in 1814 ; and was a frequent contrib. to the " Transactions " of the learned societies of Europe and America. He pub. a series of essays upon Paper Curren cy in 1786 ; some fugitive pieces on Languages and Politics in the American Museum; "Ob servations on the Climate of America," 1811 ; "Hist, of N.C.," 2 vols. 8vo, 1812 ; " Observa tions on Navigable Canals ; " and an essay on Comets in "Trans." of Lit, and Philos. Soc. of N.Y. In 1810 he delivered a discourse on the " Benefits of Civil Historv," before the N.Y. Hist. Soc. Such was ^his integrity, that none could approach him with flattery or falsehood. Williamson, ISAAC HALSTED, LL.D. (N J. Coll. 1839), statesman, b. Elizabethtown, N.J., Sept. 27, 1768 ; d. there July 10, 1844. Educated at the local schools of the place. He studied law with an elder bro., Matthias ; was adm. to the bar in 1791 ; was at one time prosec.-atty. for Morris Co., and rose to the head of the profession. In 1816 he was elected to the Assembly, and was gov. and chancellor of the State 1817-29. Pres. of the State Const. Conv. of 1844. Son of Gen. Matthias. Williamson, JAMES, landscape-painter, b. Tollcross, near Glasgow, Apr. 10, 1826; came to the U.S. in 1831, and is sec. of the Brooklyn Art. Assoc. His best pictures are, " Autumn in the Adirondacks," " Trout-Fish ing," " American Fruit," and " Summit of Chocora by Twilight." Tucker man. Williamson, PETER, well known for his singular adventures; d. Edinburgh, Jan. 19, 1799. He was kidnapped when a boy at Aber deen, and sent to Amer., for which he afterward recovered damages. He passed a considerable time among the Cherokees, and, on his return to Edinburgh, amused the public with a descrip tion of their manners and customs, and his ad ventures among them ; assuming the dress of a chief, imitating the war-whoop, &c. He had the merit of instituting a penny-post at Edin burgh, for which, when it was assumed by govt., he received a pension. He was also the first who pub. a city directory. Author of " French and Indian Cruelty Exemplified," &c., Glasg. 8vo, 1758; "Brief Account of the War in North America," 12mo, 1760. Gents. Mag., Ixix. 167. Williamson, WILLIAM DURKEE, his torian, b. Canterbury, Ct., July 31, 1779; d. Bangor, May 27, 1846. Brown U. 1804. His ancestor Timothy of Marshfield was a soldier in King Philip s Indian war. Commencing the practice of law at Bangor in 1807, he was atty. for Hancock Co. 1808-16 ; was State sena tor in 1816-20; was pres. of the first senate of the new State of Me., and acting gov., in 1821 ; M.C. 1821-3. He was in 1824-40 a judge of probate for his county. He pub. a valuable Hist, of Maine, 2 vols. 8vo, 1832, a second ed. of which appeared in 1839. Mem ber of several hist, and lit. societies, and a contrib. to the Amer. Quart. Register and to the " Colls." of the Ms. Hist. Society. Willing, THOMAS, merchant and Revol. patriot, b. Phila. Dec. 19, 1731 ; d. there Jan. 19, 1821. After reading law in the Temple, Lond., he became the head of the mercantile house of Willing and Morris, one of the largest in the country, who were the agents of Congress for supplying naval and military stores. Mayor of Phila. ; judge of the Supreme Court; repre sentative in the Gen. Assembly ; chairman of a Revol. meeting in June, 1774; pres. of the Prov. Congress ; delegate to the Cont. Con gress in 1775-6; pres. of the first chartered bank in Amer. ; and pres. of the first bank of the U.S. He was for 60 years an active, enter prising, and successful merchant. Simpson. Willis, NATHANIEL PARKER, poet and journalist, b. Portland, Jan. 20, 1807 ; d. Idle- wild, Jan. 20, 1867. Y.C. 1827. Son of Na thaniel (1780-1870), founder, in 1816, of the Boston Recorder; and grandson of Nathaniel (1755-1831), one of the Boston " Tea-Party," and many years a journalist in Ohio. His mother, dan, of Solomon Parker, a woman of exemplary piety and benevolence, d. in 1844. He studied at the Boston Latin School and at the Phillips Acad. at Andover. While at college, he pub. some religious poetry, and, after graduating, edited " The Legendary," a series of volumes of tales, and " The Token." In 1828 he established the Amer. Monthly Mag., which he conducted two years, then merging it in the N. Y. Mirror. His " Pencillings by the Way " (repub. in 3 vols. 1835), contributed to the "Mirror, give the history of his next 4 years of travel and adventure in Europe. While in Paris, Mr. Rives, the American min ister, attached him to his legation, and with this privilege he made his visits to the courts and capitals of Europe and the East. Return WTL 991 fng after his marriage in Eng., in 1835 he set tled in the Valley of the Susquehanna, at a place which he called " Glenmary," where he passed 4 years, and wrote the " Letters from under a Bridge." Financial embarrassments caused his return to New York, where, in 1839, he established with Dr. Porter the Corsair, a weekly journal. He made a short trip to Eng., where he engaged Mr. Thackeray to write for the Corsair, and pub. in London " Loiterings of Travel," a miscellany of stories, poems, and European letters ; two plays, " Bianca Vis- con ti " and " Tortcsa the Usurer," with the joint title, " Two Ways of Dying for a Hus band ; " and also the letter-press for two serial pubs, by Virtue on the Scenery of the U.S. and Ireland. Finding, on his return to N.Y., that the Corsair had been abandoned in discourage ment by Dr. Porter, he in 1844 established with Gen. Morris the Evening Mirror. His health giv ing way under the pressure of this occupation, he once more went abroad. He returned home in 1846, and was, until his death, co-editor, with Morris, of the Home Journal. In 1846 he was m. (for the second time) to the dau. of Mr. Joseph Grinnell of New Bedford. His " Pencil- lings " were severely criticised by the Quarterly Review. He also pub. in Eng. ""Inklings of Adventure," 3 vols., originally contrib. to the New Monthly Mag. Among his other publica tions are " Rural Letters ; " " People I have Met;" "Life Here and There;" "Hurry- graphs ; " "A Summer Cruise in the Mediter ranean," 1853 ; " Fun Jottings ; " "A Health- Trip to the Tropics ; " "Letters from Idlewild " (his residence on the Hudson, just above West Point) ; " Famous Persons and Places ; " " The Rag-Bag ; " " Dashes at Life with a Free Pencil," 3 vols. 1845; "Paul Fane," 1856; and " The Convalescent," 1860. His poems have been pub. with illustrations by Leutze. Willis, RICHARD STORKS, b. Boston, 10 Feb. 1819. Y.C. 1841. Bro. of N. P. Willis. Author of " Church Chorals and Choir Stud ies;" "Our Church Music," 1855; "Carols and Music Poems," 15 Nos., 1860-1; "Life of Bartholdy," 1865. Editor N. Y. Musical World, and of Once a Week, estab. 1862; con trib. to "National Hymns," 8vo, 1861 ; and to the newspapers and periodicals. Allibone. Willis, WILLIAM, LL. D. (Bowd. Coll. 1867), historian, b. Haverhill, Ms., 31 Aug. 1794; d. Portland, Me., 17 Feb. 1870. H.U. 1813. Descended from Michael, a cutler of Dorchester, Ms., 1638. Adm. to Boston bar 1817; settled in Portland, Me., 1819; law- partner of jSenator W. P. Fessenden 1835-54 ; State senator 1855 ; mayor of Portland 1857; pres. Me. Hist. Soc. 1856-65; member of many State Hist. Societies, and vice-pres. N.E. H. Geneal. Soc. Author of " History of Port land," part i. 1831, part ii. 1833, and a new ed. 1865 ; In trod. Address bef. the Me. Hist. Soc. 1855; Address to same, 1857; " McKin- stry Genealogy," 1866; "Books and Pam phlets relating to Maine," 1859; "History of the Law, the Courts, and the Lawyers of Me.," 8vo, 1863 ; chief ed. "Me. Plist. Colls.," vols. 1-6 ; ed. Journals of Smith and Deane, with notes, &c., 8vo, 1849; and in 1869 of Dr. Kohl s " Discov. of Me.," in the first vol. of the documentary hist, of the State. Contrib. to N. E. Geneal. Reg., Hist. Mag., Qnar. Jour nal, Norton s Literary Letter, Law Reports, c. Williston, EBE NEZER B., pres. Jeff. Coll., Mpi. ; d. Norwich, Vt., 28 Dec. 1837, a. 37. H.U. 1823. Author of "Eloquence of the U.S.," 5 vols. 8vo, 1827. Williston, SAMUEL, philanthropist, b. Easthampton, Ms., 17 June, 1795. Son of Rev. Payson, min. of Easthampton 1789-1833. He began the study of theology, but discontinued it from weakness of the eyes. Gaining a for tune by the manufacture of buttons, he estab lished in 1840, in his native town, the Williston Sem., to which he has given $250,000. In 1846 he endowed professorships in Amh. College, adding in 1858 and 1859 sums which made in all $125,000. He gave liberally to the Mount- Holyoke Fern. Sem. ; member Ms. legislature 1841-3; d. Easthampton, July 18, 1874. Willson, MARCIUS, b. W, Stockbridge, Ms., 1813. Un. Coll. 1836. Author of " Civil Polity and Political Economy," 1838 ; " Land scape-Drawing," 1839; "Theoretical Arith metic ; " series of School Histories and Read ers ; "Object Lessons," 1862; with N. A. Calkins, " School and Family Charts." Wilmer, LAMBERT A.; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 21 Dec. 1863, a. 58. Editor in early We of the Bait. Sat. Visitor; afterward for many years of the Phila. Pennsylvanian. Author of " New System of Grammar ; " " Quacks of Helicon," 1851; "Life of De Soto," 8vo, 1858; " Our Press-Gang," 1859. Allibone. Wilmer, WILLIAM HOLLAND, D.D. (B.U. 1819), Epis. clergyman, b. Kent Co., Md., 1782; d. Williamsburg, Va., July 24, 1827. Wash. Coll. He first engaged in mercantile pursuits; was ord. in 1808; took charge of Chester parish, whence he went in 1812 to Alexandria, D.C., as rector of the parish of St. Paul s. He was in 1816 first rector of St. John s, Washington City; and in 1819-26 was an editor of the Washington Theol. Repertory ; in 1823 he was app. to the chair of theology in the sem. in Alexandria, Va. ; and in 1826 p res. of Wm. and Mary Coll., and rector of the church at Williamsburg. Besides sermons, Dr. Wilmer published in 1815 his "Episcopal Manual." His controversy with Baxter, a Jesuit priest, was pub. 1818, 8vo. Wilmot, DAVID, author of the Wilmot Proviso, b. Bethany, Pa., 20 Jan. 1814; d. Towanda, Pa., 16 Mar. 1868. Educated at the academies at Bethany and at Aurora, N.Y. ; adm. to practise law at Wilkesbarre, Pa., in 1834, and practised at Towanda. He began political life a Democ. ; was M.C. in 1845-51 ; pres. judge of the 13th dist. of Pa. 1853-61 ; and was U.S. senator to fill a vacancy in 1861- 3. While a bill was pending to appropriate $2,000,000 for the purchase of a part of Mox- ico, he moved, Aug. 8, 1846, to add an amend ment, " That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any terr. from the republic of Mexico by the U.S., . . . nei ther slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory." " The Wilmot Proviso," as it was called, was adopted by the house, but failed in the senate. He supported Van Buren for the presidency in 992 WTLi 1848; was a delegate to the Nat. Repub. Conv. at Phila. in 1856, and at Chicago in 1860; opposed the repeal of the Mo. Compromise; was the unsuccessful candidate in 1857 for gov. of Pa. ; was temporary chairman of the con vention which in 1860 nominated Mr. Lincoln to the presidency; and in 1863 was app. by him a judge of the U.S. Court of Claims. Wilmot, HON. ROBERT DUNCAN, b. Fred- oi-ickton, N.B., 16 Oct. 1809. Educated at St. John, N. B. Elected to the N. B. legisl. in 1846; surv.-gen. 1851-4; prov. sec. in 1856- 7, and also a member of the govt. in 1865-6 ; mayor of St. John, and its representative for 16 years; delegate for effecting a union of the British Provinces, and to the Council of Trade at Quebec in Sept. 1865. Author of some im portant papers upon " Currency." Wilson, ALEXANDER, ornithologist, b. Paisley, Scotland, July 6, 1 766 ; d. Phila. Aug. 23, 1813. He was brought up in the trade of a weaver, which he followed 7 years, during which time he wrote verses for the Glasgow Advertiser. He pub. 2 vols. of Poems in 1789 and 1791, which he peddled through the coun try. rt Watty and Meg/ pub. anonymously in 1792, met with a sale of 100,000 copies, and was attributed to Burns. He also wrote for the Bee, and gained an acquaintance with Burns. Prosecuted and imprisoned for a poetical lampoon, he resolved to emigrate to Amer., and landed at New Castle, Del., July 14, 1794. In the varied occupations of a weaver, peddler, and schoolmaster, he lived on for 8 years. By the advice of Bartram the botanist, he turned his attention to ornithology. In Oct. 1804 he set out on a pedestrian excursion to the Falls of Niagara, a metrical account of which he pub. in the Portfolio, entitled " The Foresters, a Poem ; " in 1805 he began to learn the art of etching. Employed by Bradford, the Phila. publisher, upon an edition of Rees s " Cyclopaedia," he prevailed upon him to furnish funds for the publication of an Amer. orni thology on an adequate scale. The 1st vol. of his great work appeared in Sept. 1808; but it was too expensive to be very successful. The 2d app. in 1810. In the course of publishing the first 7 vols. of his work, he travelled all over the continent to obtain subscribers and to increase Ins ornithological stores. On his re turn, by laboring night and day in the prepara tion of his work, he impaired his already weakened constitution, and hastened his death. The 8th and 9th vols. were edited after his death, with a biog. by George Ord, who had accomp. him in some of his journeys. The work was afterward continued by Charles Lucien Bonaparte (4 vols. 4to, Phila. 1825-33). See Peaboay s Memoir of Wilson in Sparks s Amer. Biog., 2d ser., vol. i., and Allibone. Wilson, ALLEN B., inventor, b. Willet, Cortland Co., N. Y. Has made important improvements in the sewing-machine. The first, patented 12 Nov. 1850, made the stitch with less expense of time and power than the original ; another improved the mechanism for holding and feeding the cloth; and, 12 Aug. 1851, he patented the "rotating hook," one of the most valuable improvements ever made in the sewing-machine. The first " Wheeler and Wilson " sewing-machine was made early in 1851. Wilson, BIRD, D.D., LL.D., b. Carlisle, Pa., 1777 ; d. N.Y. City, 14 Apr. 1859. Phila. Coll. 1792. Son of James Wilson the signer. Pres. judge C.C.P., 7th circuit, 1802 ; ord. deacon Pr.-Ep. Ch. 1819; rector of St. John s, Norristown, Pa., 1819-21 ; prof, system, divin. N.Y. Epis. Sem. 1821-50; and emeritus prof. 1850-9. Author of an edition of Bacon s "Abridgment/ 7 vols. 8vo, 1811-13; Me moir of Bishop White, 8vo, 1856. $ee Memorial of B. Wilson, by W. White Branson, 1864. Wilson, DANIEL, LL.D., prof, of history and Eng. lit. U. of Toronto since 1853, b. Ed inburgh, 1816. Bro. of " Christopher North." Author of "Memorials of Edinburgh," 1847; "Oliver Cromwell," 1850; "Archaeology, &c., of Scotland," 1851 ; " Prehistoric Man," 1865 ; " Chatterton," 1869. Four years editor of the Canadian Journal. Pres. of the Canadian In stitute since 1859. Morgan. Wilson, HENRY, statesman, b. Farming- ton, N.H., Feb. 16, 1812. The son of poor parents, he was brought up on a farm, and had little schooling, but, accumulating a little money by shoemaking at Natick, Ms., studied for a while in the academies at Stafford, Wolfs- borough, and Concord. He resumed shoe- making at Natick in 1838. In 1840 he took an active part in the presidential canvass, and made upward of 60 speeches in behalf of Har rison. In the next 5 years he was 3 times elected from Natick to the legisl., and twice a senator from Middlesex Co. An active and zealous opponent of slavery, he made an elab orate speech on his resolution in the legisl., declaring the unalterable hostility of Ms. to the farther extension and longer continuance of slavery in America. Delegate to the Whig nat. conv. of 1848, and, on the rejection of antislavery resolutions, withdrew from it, and took a prominent part in organizing the Free- soil party. He then bought the Boston Repub lican, a daily newspaper, which he edited for two years. In 185 1 and 52 he was pres. of the State Senate; in 1852 he was pres. of the Free- soil nat. conv. at Pittsburg. He took a promi nent part in the Const. Conv. of 1853, and was the Freesoil candidate for gov., but was de feated. He was elected to the U.S. senate in 1855, where he has ever since been conspicuous. For a brief period in 1855 he was associated with the American party, but, on the adoption of a proslavery platform by its national coun cil, withdrew from it, and took an active share in organizing the Repub. party. He has taken part in all important debates in the senate, and made elaborate speeches on Kansas, the treas ury-note bill, the expenses of the govt., the tariff, the Pacific Railroad, and many other topics. His speech in defence of free labor in reply to Senator Hammond of S.C., March, 1859, attained an immense circulation tlirough the free States. In March, 1861, he was made chairman of the com. on military aftairs, a post which the civil war rendered one of great labor and responsibility. In the session of 1861-2 he introduced the bills abolishing slavery in the Dist. of Col., and for abolishing the " black 993 eocle." In the autumn of 1861 he raised the 2_ld M;J. Rcgt., of which he was for a short time col. In 1862 ho brought in the bill for the employment of colored soldiers. He intro duced many important measures to organize and develop the military resources of the country during the civil war, and delivered about 100 speeches at various places in support of the Union. In 1864 he pub. a " History of the Antislavery Measures of the 37th and 38th Congresses; " in 1866 "Military Measures of the U.S. Congress/ 8vo, 1866; "History of the Reconstruction Measures of the 39th and 40th Congresses," 1868. Wilson, JAMES, LL.D,, a signer of the Decl. of Indcp., b. near St. Andrew s, Scotland, ab. 1742; d. Edenton, N.C., Aug. 28, 1798. He studied successively at Glasgow, St. An drew s, and Edinburgh ; then cmig. to Phila., where in 1766 he was first employed as a tutor in the coll. and academy ; a few months afterwards he commenced the study of law in the office of John Dickinson; was adm. to the bar in 1 768 ; practised successfully at Read ing, then at Car.isle, then at Annapolis, and in"l773 returned to Phila., where he continued to reside during the rest of his life. Upon the opening of the controversy with Great Britain, he wrote and pub. his sentiments with great freedom and boldness. He was a member of the conventions held in 1774 and 75. He took his seat in Congress, May 10, 1775, and voted in favor of the Decl. of Indep., in opposition to the majority of his colleagues from Pa. In 1 782-3 and 1785-7 he was again a delegate ; in 1779-81 he was advocate-gen, of France, and continued to give advice until 1783, when the French sent him a present of 10,000 livres. He was a member of the conv. which framed the Constitution of the U.S. ; was one of the com. who reported the draught, and in the State conv. was efficient in procuring its adoption. He was subsequently a member of the conv. which changed the constitution of Pa., and was one of the com. to make the draught. In Sept. 1789 he was app. a judge of the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1 790 he was app. prof, of law in the U. of Pa., and delivered a course of lectures, which are contained in his works, pub. in Phila. 3 vols. 1804. He pub. "Ad dress to the Citizens of Phila.," 1784; and wii h Thomas McKean, LL.D., " Commentaries on the U. S. Constitution," Lend., 8vo, 1792. Wilson, JAMES GRAXT, b. Edinburgh 1 832. Son of WiLiam of Perthshire, with whom he came to the U.S. in Dec. 1833, and _ was his partner in the bookselling and publishing busi ness in Chicago. During the Rebellion he served under Grant at Vicksburg, and subse quently under Banks in La. He has since resided in N.Y. City. Author of "Illinois Officers in the Rebellion," 8vo, 1863; "Love in Letters," &c., 1867 ; "Life of Gen. Grant/ 8vo, 186S; "Mr. Secretary Pepys and his Diary," 1869; "Life and Letters of Fitz Greene Halleck," 1869; "Sketches of Illus trious Soldiers ; " " Poets and Poetry of Scot land," and " History of Chicago," are in MS. He edited Halleck s "Poetical Works," 1869 ; assisted in preparing the " Life of Audubon," by his widow, 1869; edited the Chicago Record 63 and the NortJi- Western Quart, May. ; and hng contrib. to Appleton s Cyclop, and the maga zines of the day. Allibone. Wilson, GEN. JAMES II., b. 111. ab. 1838. West Point, 1 860. Entering the Topog. Engrs., he became 1st lieut. 9 Sept. 1861, and capt. 7 May, 1863 ; lieut.-col. staff U.S. Vols. 8 Nov. 1862; brig.-gcn. vols. 31 Oct. 1863; maj.-gen. vols. 20 Apr. 1865. He served in the Port- Royal exped. ; at the capture of Fort Pulaski, Ga., for which he was brev. major 11 Apr. 1862 ; aide to Gen. McClellan at South Moun tain and Antietam ; assist, engr. and insp.-gen. Army of the Tenn. in Vicksburg campaign of Mar.-Oet. 1863 ; brev. licut.-col. 24 Nov. 1863 for battle of Chattanooga; com. 3d cavalry div., Army of the Potomac, May- Aug. 1 864"; brev. col. 5 May, 1864, for the battle of the Wilderness, and engaged in the principal ac tions during that period ; in the Shenandoah campaign, Aug.-Sept. 1864, and engaged at Summit Point 21 Aug., and at Opequan 19 Sept. 1864; com. cavalry of the div. of the Mpi. Oct. 1864-July, 1865, and engaged in Gen. Thomas s campaign, driving the Confed. cavalry across the Harpeth River during the battle of Franklin, 30 Nov. ; and in battle of Nashville, for which he was brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; com. cavalry exped. into Ala. and Ga. Mar.- Apr. 1865; and brev. maj.-gcn. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for capture of Selma, Ala. ; took Montgomery 12 Apr., Co lumbus 16 Apr., and Macon 20 Apr.; and finally, 10 May, 1865, captured Jefferson Da vis, pros, of the Confederacy. Lieut.-col. 35th Inf. 28 July, 1866 ; discharged 31 Dec. 1870. Cullum. Wilson, JAMES PATRIOT, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1807), minister in Phila., b. Lewes, Del., 21 Feb. 1769; d. Bucks Co., Pa., Dec. 10, 1830. U. of Pa. 1788. Son of Rev. Dr. Matthew Wilson. Adm. to the bar in 1790. He was first a disting. lawyer, and from 1806 to 1830 pas tor of the First Presb. Church. He pub. " Lec tures on the Parables and the Hist. Parts of the New Testament," 8vo, 1810; "Introd. to Hebrew," 1812 ; " Essay on Grammar," 1817 ; "Common Objections to Christianity," 1829; " Hope of Immort.," 1829; " Primitive Govti of Christ. Churches," 1833, &c. Wilson, JOHN, first minister of Boston, b. Windsor, tng., 1588; d. Aug. 7,1667. Son of Rev. Dr. Wm. He was educated at King s Coll., Cambridge, where he obtained a fellow ship, of which he was deprived for nonconform ity. After studying law and theology, he was chaplain in several families ; then settled in t he ministry at Sudbury, Suffolk ; but in 1 30 came to N. E. with Winthrop. A church was formed at Charlestown, and, Aug. 27, Mr. Wil son was ord. over it. Settled in Boston Nov. 22, 1630, but returned to Eng. for his wife in 1631. He was again ord. pastor in Nov. 1632. He was regarded as the father of the new plan tation. He pub. in England "Some Helps to Faith," 12mo. Wilson, JOHN, printer of Boston from ab. 1843 to his d. 3 Aug. 1868, b. Glasgow, Scot land, 1802. Author of " Scripture Proofs and Illustrations of Unitarianism," 8vo, 1833 ; "Concessions of Trinitarians," 8vo, 1342; W1L 994 "Treatise on Punctuation," 1844 and 1850; " Unitarian Principles confirmed by Trinitarian Testimonies," 1855; "Elements of Punctua tion," 1855. He prefixed an essay on Burns to an edition of his poems in 1837, and deliv ered an address on Burns, in Boston, in 1859. Wilson, PETER, LL.D., scholar and lin guist, b. parish of Ofdughrll, Scotland, Nov. 23, 1746 ; d. N. Barbadoes, N.J., Aug. ], 1825. Mar. Coll., Aberdeen. Emig. to America in 1 763. He was many years principal of Hacken- sack (N. J.) Acad., and of that at Flatbnsh, L.I. ; and was in 1789-92 and in 1792-1820 prof, of Latin and Greek at Col. College. An active Whig of the Revol. ; member N. J. legist. 1778-83. He pub. "In trod, to Greek Prosody," 1811- and an improved ed. 1812; "Latin Prosody," 1816; an ed. of Adams s " Iioman Antiquities/ 1819; and of the "Greek Test.," repr. Phila. 1859. Wilson, ROBERT ANDERSON, b. Coopers- town, N.Y., 1812; resided 3 years and a half in Cal., where he was judge of the Sacramento gold dist. Author of " Mexico and its Reli gion, or Incidents of Travel," 1851-4, 12mo 1855 ; " A New History of the Conquest of Mexico," 8vo, 1859. Edited, with notes and appendix, vol. i. " Calif. Reports," by Bennet, 1853. Attibone. Wilson, SAMUEL FARMER, journalist, b. New York, 1805; d. N.Orleans, March 12, 1870. Col. Coll. 1822. Adm. to the N.Y. bar, but removed to N. Orleans, where he was at one time associated with Gen. Wm. Walker, in the True Delta, and was afterward an editor and proprietor of the Picayune. Author of "Hist. Amer. Revol.," 5th ed. 1834, new ed. 1869. Wilson, THOMAS B., naturalist, b. Phila. ; d. Newark, Del., March 15, 1865. Eminent as a zoologist. He raised to a high rank the Acad. of Nat. Sciences of Phila., of which he was pres. His collections in this dept. were of great value. The splendid collection of birds belonging to the Phila. Acad. was his gift. Wilson, WILLIAM, an early pioneer of Illinois ; chief justice of the Sup." Court of 111. 1819-49 ; d. White Co., III., 29 Apr. 1856, a. 68. Wilson, WILLIAM, bookseller and poet of Poughkeepsie, N.Y., b. Perthshire, Scot land, 1801; d. 25 Aug. 1860. After many years residence in Edinburgh, he came in 1 833 to the U.S., and in 1834 estab. himself at P. For 30 years a contrib., under the nom de plume of " Allan Grant " and " Alpin," of poems to the periodicals. He edited the Scottish Songs, &c., of Hew Ainslie ; assisted in editing the Dundee Heview 1821-3; and in 1824 edited the Literary Olio. A vol. of his Poems, edited by Benson J. Lossing, was pub. 12mo, 1870. Wilson, WILLIAM DEXTER, D.D. (Gen. Coll. 1850), LL.D., clergyman, b. Stoddard, N.H., Feb. 28, 1816. He studied at Walpole Acad., and afterward in the Cambridge Theol. School, and was ord. in the Epis. ministry in 1842. Prof, of hist, and moral and intell. phi- los. Geneva Coll. 1850. He has pub. " A Man ual of Church Principles," 1846 ; "History of the Reformation in England," 1848 ; " The Church Identified," 1850^; "Elementary Trea tise on Logic," 1856; "Constitution of a Christ. Church derived from Holy Script. ; " in 1847 he edited Bishop Maut "On the Ru brics ; " and has contrib. to the reviews on philos. subjects. Winetiell, ALEXANDER, LL.D. (Wes. U. 1867), geologist, b. North East, Duchess Co., N.Y., Dec. 31, 1824. Wesl. U. 1847. Teacher of natural sciences at Amenia Sem., N.Y., 1848-51, and at Mesopotamia Female Sem., Ala., 1851-3 ; pres. of Masonic Female U., Selma, Ala., 1853; prof, physics and civil eng. U. of Mich. 1853-5; and of geol., zool., and botany, since 1855; pres. of Mich. State Teachers Assoc. 1859 ; State geologist, Mich., 1859-62 ; prof, of geology in the Ky. U. 1866- 9 ; made director of the geol. survey of Mich. 18b9 ; prof, of geol., zool., and botany, U. of Mich. Member of a large number of scientific bodies at home and abroad. Has pub. 210 original papers and volumes ; and has described 300 new species and genera, mostly fossil. Ed ited the Michigan Journal of JKdttration in 1859. Author of " Sketches of Creation," 1869, also a " Genealogy of the Family of Wiu- chell," 1869; "First Biennial Report Geolog. Surv. of Mich. 1861 ;" " The Grand Traverse Region," 8vo, 1866; "Geolog. Map of Mich.," Phila. 1865; "Geol. Chart N.Y.," 1870. See list of his papers in A/libone. Winchester, ELHANAN, clergyman, b. Brookline, Ms., Sept. 30, 1751; d. Hartford, Ct., April 18, 1797. He began preaching in 1769; and in 1771 was pastor of a Baptist church in Rehoboth, Ms. Adopting the views of the restricted communists, he was excommuni cated by his church. After residing in Charles ton, S.C., from 1774 to 1780, he became pastor of the First Baptist Church in Phila. In 1 781 he founded there a Universalist church. He preached successfully in Eng. in 1787-94; and pub. " Foiir Dialogues on Universal Restora tion," 1788; "Lectures on Unfulfilled Prophe cies," 4 vols. 8vo, 1790 ; " Five Letters to Rev. Dan. Taylor," 1790 ; " The Progress and Em pire of Christ," a poem, 1793; and "The Three Woe Trumpets," 1793. Among 37 others of his publications are " New Book of" Poems," Boston, 8vo, 1773 ; "Hymns," 1776; "Oration on the Discovery of America," deliv ered in Lond. 1792; "Life of Benneville; " "Five Lette-rs on the Divinity of Christ;" " The Beauties of the Millennium ; " " Ten Let ters to Thomas Paine, in Reply to his Age of Reason," 1794 ; " Political Catechism," 1795 ; "Hymns on the Restoration," 1795 ; "Ad dresses to Jews, Deists, and Christians."- His Life was written by Vidler, and by E. M. Stone (Boston, 1836"). Winchester, GEN. JAMES, b. Md., 1756 ; d. Tenn. July 27, 1826. Lieut, in the 3d Md. Regt. May 27, 1778; and was made a prisoner by the British, and exchanged Dec. 22, 1780; app. brig.-gen. Mar. 27, 1812, com. a detachment of North-western army, and de feated by British and Indians near French- town, on the River Raisin, Jan. 22, 1813; re signed March 21, 1815. Winchester, SAMUEL GOYER, pastor of the Sixth Presb. Church, Phila. 1830-7, and of a cong. at Natchez, Mpi., from 1837 to hia 995 d. at N. Y. City 31 Aug. 1841, b. Rock Run, Md., 17 Feb. 1805. Author of "Companion for the Sick," 1833; "Christian Counsel to the Sick," 1836; Discourse at Oakland Coll., 1838 ; " The Theatre," Phila. 12nio ; " Impor tance of Family Religion, with Prayers and Hymns," 12nio, 1841. Spraque. Winder, LEVIN, gov. Md. 1812-15; d. Bait. July 1, 1819, a. 63. App. maj. 4th Md. Regt. Apr. 17, 1777, and was a lieut.-col. at the close of the Re vol. war. Speaker of the h. of delegates before 1812; in 1816 was a , mem ber of the senate, and was also a gen. of militia, and grand-master of Masons of Maryland. Winder, GEN. WILLIAM H., b. Somerset Co., Md., Feb. 18, 1775; d. Baltimore, May 24, 1824. U. of Pa. He established himself in the practice of law in Baltimore in 1798; was app. lieut.-col. inf. Mar. 16, 1812 ; col. 14th Inf. July 6, 1812; com. a successful exped. from Black Rock to the Canada shore below Fort Erie, Nov. 28, 1812; brig.-gen. Mar. 12, 1813 ; made prisoner at Stony Creek, U. Can ada, June 6, 1813; adj. and insp.-gen. May 9, 1814; assigned to coin, of 10th dist. July 2, 1814 ; com. at the battle of Bladensburg, and in the unsuccessful defence of Washington City, Aug. 1814 ; and, after the war, resumed his pro fession. He was disting. at the bar and in the senate of Md., and, though unfortunate, was esteemed for gallantry and patriotism. His son Gen. JOHN H. WINDER, b. Md. 1800, d. Brancheville, S.C., Feb. 9, 1865. West Point, 1820; assist, instructor in tactics there 1827-8. He served with distinction in the Mexican war, and at the opening of the Rebellion was major, and brev. lieut.-col. 3d Art. He resigned 27 Apr. 1861; entered the Confed. service; was soon made a brig.-gen., but was not actively employed. He com. the post of Richmond"; had charge of Libby Prison, Belle Isle, and finally of Andersonville, Ga. His cruelty to prisoners rendered him infamous. Winds, GEN. WILLIAM, Revol. officer, b. Southold, L.I., ab. 1727 ; d. near Dover, Morris Co., N. J., 1789. He was one of the founders of the Presb. Church in Rockaway, and be queathed to it more than half his large property. In 1775 he was lieut.-col. in Lord Stirling s regt., and was a col. in 1776 at Ticonderoga. Ha was a large, athletic man, and had a most powerful voice. Winebrenner, JOHN, founder of a re ligious sect, called by him the " Church of God," but generally termed Winebrennerians. Originally a minister of the German Ref. Church, he took charge, in 1821, of a small cong. at Harrisburg, Pa., from which he with drew in October, 1830, and founded a new sect. The church has 3 positive ordinances, bap tism, feet-washing, and the Lord s supper. Two things are essential to the validity of baptism ; viz., faith and immersion. The elders meet an nually, while a general eldership of delegates fron? the annual elderships is held every 3 years. The denomination has a domestic and foreign missionary society, and a printing-establishment for its publications. Its organ is the Church Adrocate, a weekly. Wines, ENOCH COBB, D.D. (Mid. 1853), LL.D. (Wash. Coll. 1859), teacher and author, b. Hanover, N. J., Feb. 17, 1806. Mid. Coll 1827. He became principal of an acad. at St. Alban s, and afterward assist, teacher in a female sem. in Alexandria, Va., and next opened a school in Washington City. In 1829 he taught on board the ship " Constellation," in which he visited the Mediterranean. In 1 833 he took charge of the Edge-hill School, Princeton, N. J. ; in 1838 became prof, of lan guages in the Central High School of Phila. , in 1844 founded a boarding-school in Burling ton, N. J., where he remained 4 years. In Jan. 1849 he was licensed to preach by the Cong, board of R.I., and has since preached in varioin places. In 1853 became prof, in Wash. Coll., Pa.; and in July, 1859, took charge of a lit erary institution, styled the " City U. of Si. Louis." Has latterly been engaged in a mission for the organization of an International Prison Congress. He has pub. " Two Years and a Half in the American Navy," 2 vols. 1832 ; "Hints on a System of Popular Education," 1837; "How shall I Govern my School?" 1838 ; " Commentaries on the Laws of the Ancient Hebrews," 1852 ; " A Trip to Boston," 1838; "A Peep at China," 8vo ; Monthly Journal of Education ; " Essay on the Advan tages of Studying the Classic Languages ; " " Lecture on Education as a Source of Wealth; " " Treatise on Regeneration," 1863 ; " Essay on Temptation," 1865 ; " Promises of God," 1868; besides contribs. to periodicals. Wingate, PAINE, jurist, b. Amesbury, Ms., May 14, 1739; d. Stratham, N.H., March 7, 1838. H.U. 1759. Gr.-grandson of JOHN of Dover, 1660; grandson of Col. JOSHUA (b. Dover, N.H., Feb. 2, 1680, d. Hampton, Feb. 9, 1769), who was at the capture of Louisburg, 1745; son of PAINE, minister of Amesbury 1726-86 (H.U. 1723). He was ord. Cong, minister of Hampton Falls, N. H., Dec. 14, 1763; dism. March 18, 1771; M.C. in 1787; U.S. senator 1789-93; again M.C. 1793-5; and a judge of the Superior Court of N.H. 1798-May, 1809. His wife, a sister of Timo thy Pickering, d. Jan 7, 1843, a. 100 years and 8 months. Wingfield, EDWIN MARIA, merchant of London, a member of a disting. family ; was first pres. of the Colony of Va. under the pat ent of 10 Apr. 1606. In consequence of dis agreements, he returned to Eng. in 1608. Capt. John Smith gives him a very bad character. Charles Deane in 1860 edited, with Notes and an Introd., "A Discourse of Virginia" by Wingfield, first printed from the original MS. in the Lambeth Library. Winslow, CHARLES FREDERICK, M.D. (H.U. 1834), b. Nantucket, Ms., 1811. App. consul to Payta, Peru, 1862. Author of " Cos mography," 12mo, 1853; " Preparation of the Earth/ &c., 1854; "The Cooling Globe," 1865; "Force and Nature," &c., 8vo, 1869. Winslow, EDWARD, gov. of Plymouth Colony 1633, 36, and 44, b. Droitwich, Worces tershire, Eng., Oct. 19, 1595; d. at sea, be tween St. Domingo and Jamaica, May 8, 1655. He was of good family ; made a tour in Europe ; and in 1617 joined the church of Rev. John Robinson at Leyden. He was a passen ger i i " The Mayflower ; " was one of 5 emi- "WIN" 906 WEST grant brothers ; and, in the first conf. with Mas- sasoit, offered himself as a hostage, and won the attachment of the chief, which he strengthened in 1623 by curing him of a severe illness. In 1623-4 he made two voyages to Europe as agent for the Colony. While in Eng. in 1635, as agent for the Colony, Archbishop Laud im prisoned him in the Fleet Prison for 17 weeks on the charges of having taught in the church, being a layman, and performing marriage as a magistrate. In 1649 he again went to Eng. ; aided in organizing the Society for the Propa gation of the Gospel in N.E., and was engaged in various public affairs. In 1655 Cromwell made him one of 3 commiss. to superintend an exped. against the Spaniards in the W. Indies, and he died in that service. He pub. " Good Newes from N. England," 1623; "Relation about Indians;" "Hypocrisie Unmasked;" " A Brief Narrative of the True Grounds or Cause of the First Planting of N. England ; " "The Danger of tolerating Levellers;" "Glo rious Progress of the Gospell among the Indi ans," 1649 ; "New England s Salamander Dis covered," &c., 1647; "A Platform of Church Discipline in New England," 1653. Winslow, HUBBARD, D.D. (Ham. Coll. 1853), clergyman and author, b. Williston, Vt., Oct. 30, 1799; d. there Aug. 13, 1864. Y.C. 1825. He studied theology; was settled pastor of the First Church at Dover, Dec. 4, 1828 ; dism. Nov. 3, 1831 ; pastor of the Bow- doin-st. Church, Boston, Sept. 26, 1832-Mar. 1844 ; from 1844 to 1853 he had charge of the Mt.-Vernon, or Beacon- Hill, Sem. for Young Ladies, in Boston; afterward travelled some months in Europe ; in 1857-9 preached to the First Presb. Church in Geneva, N.Y. ; and in 1861 was pastor of the 50th-st. Presb. Church. Among his pubs, are " Young Man s Aid ; " " Sermons on Christian Doctrines ; " " Dis courses on the Trinity;" "Social and Do mestic Duties ; " " Are you a Christian ? " "Elements of Intellect. Philos. ;" "Appropri ate Sphere of Woman," 1837 ; "Woman as She Should Be," 1837; "Relation of the Natural Sciences to Revelation," 1839; "Design and Mode of Baptism," 1842 ; " History of the First Presb. Church and of the Village of Geneva, N.Y.," 1859; "Moral Philosophy," 1856; "The Hidden Life," 1862. He deliv ered numerous addresses on educational topics, contrib. to the Educational Journal, edited the Religious Magazine, and wrote articles for vari ous reviews. He was an able controversialist and an impressive preacher. Winslow, JOHN, maj.-gen., b. Marshfield, Ms., 27 May, 1702; d. Hi ngham, Ms., 17 Apr. 1774. Grandson of Gov. Josiah. Capt. in the unfortunate Cuba exped. in 1740. He was the principal actor in the tragedy of the expulsion of the hapless Acadians from Nova Scotia in 1755; and it is a singular fact, that, 20 years after, nearly every person of Winslow s lineage was for political reasons, by the force of events, transplanted to the very soil from which the Acadians were expelled. W nslowwas com.- in-chief at Fort Wm. Henry, on Lake George, in 1756; a major-gen, in the exped. against Canada in 1758-9 ; and was an officer of cour age and ability. App. pres. judge of C.C.P. for Plymouth Co. in 1762; Prov. councillor and member of the Ms. legisl. during the Stamp-Act difficulties. An original foundci of the town of Winslow, Me., in 1766. His son Dr. ISAAC d. Marshneld in 1819, a. 80. Winslow, JOHN A,, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Wilmington. N.C., Nov. 19, 1810. Descended from a bro. of Gov. Edward. Midshipm. Feb. 1 , 1827; lieut. Dec. 9, 1839; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. June 19, 1864; rear- adm. 1870. Attached to the frigate " Cumber land" in the attack on Tabasco; and in various skirmishes on the Mexican coast 1845-7 ; in the Mpi. flotilla 1861-2; at Fort Pillow; com. ex ped. up the White River for the relief of Gen. Curtis in June, 1862; com. "Kearsarge" 1863- 4. June 19, 1864, he sunk the Confed. steamer "Alabama," Capt. Semmes, off Cherbourg, France. The action was fought while the two vessels were steaming at the rate of 7 or 8 miles an hour, and every few minutes sheering so as to bring their broadsides to bear, being forced to fight in circles, " swinging steadily around an ever-changing centre." After they had de scribed 7 circles, and had reduced their distance from a mile to about a quarter of a mile, "The Alabama " began to sink. " The Kearsarge " lost only 3 killed and wounded. For this gal lant action Capt. Winslow was made commo dore. Com. Gulf squad. 1866-7; d. Boston Highlands, Sep. 29, 1873. Winslow, JOSIAH, first native-bora gov. of Plymouth, son of Gov. Edward, b. Marsh- field, Ms., 1629; d. there Dec. 18, 1680. He had the command of a military company in Marshfield as early as 1652; in 1656 he cap tured Alexander, eldest son of Massasoit, and defeated his plans against the Colony; in 1658 was app. major, then commander of the mili tary of the Colony ; in 1675 he was gen.-in- chief of the whole force of the U. Colonies raised in King Philip s Indian war. One of the coin- miss, of the U. Colonies in 1653, he was re- elected for 13 years. He was chosen one of the deputies in 1657, and until 1673 one of the as sists., when he was elected gov., which office he held until his death. He was tolerant in an age when that virtue was exceedingly rare. His wife PENELOPE, dau. of Herbert Pelham, whom he m. in 1657, d. Dec. 7, 1703, a. 73. Winslow, MIRON, D.D. (II. U. 1858), LL.D. (Mid. Coll. 1864), missionary and phi lologist, bro. of Rev. Hubbard and Gordon, b. Wiiliston, Vt., 1 1 Dec. 1789 ; d. Cape of Good Hope 22 Oct. 1864. Mid. Coll. 1815 ; And. Sem. 1818. His father NATHANIEL, descended from Kcnelm, who came in " The Mayflower/ was a teacher, and d. Williston, Vt., 30 April, 1832, a. 80. In June, 1819, he sailed for India. After 17 years labor at Ceylon, he founded a mission at Madras, and was pros, of the native college connected with it. Author of " Hist, of Missions," 1819 ; "Memoir of Harriet Wins- low," 1835; "Hints on Missions to India," 1856; and in 1862, after 20 years labor, his valuable " Dictionary of the Tamil and Eng lish Language." He also translated the Bible into Tamil, pub. several works in India, and contrib. to periodicals. His brother GORDON, many years Pr.-Ep. rector of St. Paul s, Starcn Island, drowned in the Potomac 7 June, 1864. 997 while insp. for the Sanitary Coraraiss., Army of the Potomac. His son Col. CLEVELAND d. of wounds received at Mechanicsville, Va., 7 July, 1864, a. 23. Winsor, JUSTIN, superintendent Boston Public Library since Feb. 1868, b. Boston, Ms., 2 Jan. 1831. Studied at Cambridge, Ms., Paris, and Heidelberg. Author of "History of Duxbury, Ms.," 8vo, 1849 ; compiler, with Rev. G. H. Hepworth, of" Songs of the Unity," 1859. Contrib. to various periodicals. He is now preparing a Life of David Garrick. Winston, JOSEPH, b. Va. 1746 ; d. near German town, N.C , 1814. He joined a com pany of rangers in 1760; was twice wounded in an Indian fight on the Greenbrier ; was pen sioned by the legisl. for his gallantry ; removed to Stokes Co., N.C., in 1766; was its repre sentative in 1775-6, and was app. a major; was in several fights with Tories ; and for his bravery at King s Mountain, where he com. tho right wing, had a sword voted him by the legisl. Commiss. to the Cherokees, with whom a treaty was made in 1777. First senator from Stokes Co. in 1791, and member of the legisl. repeatedly until 1812; M.C. 1793-5 and 1803- 7. His son Gen. JOSEPH d. Platte Co., Mo., March 24, 1840, a. 52. He had filled important olilces in Stokes Co., N.C. ; served in the war of 1812 ; was many years in the State legisl. ; and was a major-general of militia. Winter, WILLIAM, poet, b. Gloucester, Ms., 1836. Author of "The Convent, and Other Poems," 1854; The Queen s Domain, and Other Poems," 1858; "My Witness," &c., a book of verse, 1871. Has edited George Ar nold s poems ; is dramatic critic of the .ZV. Y. Tribune and N. Y. Albion, and a contributor to magazines and journals. Winterbotham, WILLIAM, assistant preacher at How s Lane, Plymouth, was ar raigned for seditious words in his sermons, Nov. 5 and 8, 1792 ; and in July, 1793, sentenced to 4 years imprisonment and a fine of 200. Au thor of "American Atlas," London, 1794; " Historical View of the U.S. and of the Eu- rop. Settlements of America and the West In dies," 4 vols. 8vo, London, 1795 ; composed in prison, " View of the Chinese Empire," 8vo, 1795. Allibone. Winthrop, FITZ JOHN, F.R.S., gov. of Ct. from 1698 till his death, b. Ipswich, March 14,1638; d. Boston, Nov. 27, 1707. Eldest son of Gov. John of Ct. _ He went to Eng., where he held a commission under the Pro tector Richard Cromwell in 1658, and, return ing to Ct., became a representative in 1671 ; served as major in Philip s war, and in 1686 was one of the council of Gov. Andros. He became a magistrate of Ct. in 1689; in 1690 was app. maj.-gen. of the army designed to act against Canada, and conducted the exped. with great prudence. In 1693-8 he was agent of the Colony in Great Britain, and discharged his duties so satisfactorily, that the legisl. pre sented li/m with 500. Like his father, he was distingu .shed for philosophical attainments. Winthrop, JOHN, gov. of Ms., b. Groton, Suffolk, Eng., Jan. 12, 1588 ; d. Boston, Mar. 26, 1649. Like his father and grandfather, he tvas bred to the law; at 18 was a justice of the peace, and was noted for piety and hospitality. Made gov. of the Ms. Company in 1629, and chosen to lead a colony to Ms. Bay, he con verted his estate into cash, left Eng., and landed at Salem, June 12, 1630. He soon removed to Charlestowri, and selected the peninsula of Shawmut as the site of Boston, and shared in the severe privations of the first year. Devoting himself assiduously to the good of the Colony, he was annually elected gov. until 1634, again in 1637-40, 1642-4, and from 1646 to his death. In 1636, when Sir Henry Vane was elected gov., Winthrop was chosen deputy-gov. Vane and Winthrop were on opposite sides in the Hutchin son controversy, and in 1637 Winthrop was chosen over Vane. He subsequently had a controversy with Vane in regard to the alien law. Again dcp.-gov. 1644-5. Winthrop was opposed to an unlimited democracy ; and, when the people of Ct. were forming a govt., he wrote them a letter, in which he said that " the best part of a community is always the least, and of that least part the wiser are still less." His firm and decided management of affairs some times made him unpopular. He bore this with equanimity, and served the State as faithfully in an inferior station as at its head. He op posed the doctrines of Anne Hutchinson and her followers, and was active in their banishment His private character was most amiable. Gov W. left 5 sons, the eldest of whom was the found er of the Saybrook Colony, and gov. of Ct. His valuable " Journal " of the public occur rences in the Ms. Colony from Mar. 29, 1630, to Jan. 11, 1649, was pub. in 1790, and, with notes by James Savage, in 1826 and 1853. He also wrote on board " The Arbella " "A Mod- ell of Christian Charity," printed in the Ms. " Hist. Colls." See Life and Letters of Win throp, by R. C. Winthrop, 2 vols. 8vo, 1864-7. Winthrop, JOHN, F.R.S., gov. of Ct.,son of the preceding, b. Groton, Eng., Feb. 12, 1606; d. Boston, April 5, 1676. Dublin U. 1622-5. He was in the exped. of 1627 for the relief of the Huguenots of Rochelle; in 1628 was an attache of the embassy to Turkey ; fol lowed his .father to America in 1631, and was in 1632 chosen a magistrate of Ms. ; settled at Ipswich in Mar. 1633, but soon returned to Eng. In 1635 he came back with a commis sion under the Warwick grant, built a fort at the mouth of the Ct. River, and was constituted gov. In 1644-5 he moved his family from Bos ton to Pequot Harbor, where, in the following spring, he founded the city of New London. He was a magistrate in 1651 ; gov. from 1657 to his d. Sent to Eng. in 1661, he procured a charter from Charles II. uniting Ct. and New Haven in one Colony, and was the first gov. under it. In 1676 he visited Boston as the representative of Ct. in a congress of the United Colonies. He was an accomplished scholar, a founder of the Royal Society of Lon don, and the author of a number of papers in the "Philosophical Transactions." Winthrop, JOHN, LL.D. (U. of Edinb 1771), F.R.S., Hollis prof, of math, and nat philos. in H. U. 1738-79, b. Boston, 19 Dec 1714; d. Cambridge, Ms., 3 May, 1779. H.U 1732. Son of Adam Winthrop* and descend ant of Gov. John. Disting. for his mathemat- WIIN" 998 wis ical skill. His observations of the transit of Mercury, in 1 740, were noticed by the Roy. Soc. of Lond., of which he subsequently became a member. He observed the transit of Venus over he sun s disk at St. John s, Newfoundland, 6 June, 1761, an account of which he pub. Bos ton, 8vo, 1761. He was several years judge of probate for Middlesex Co. ; member of the council in 17734; and a prudent as well as a firm advocate of political liberty. Author of a " Lecture on Earthquakes/ 1755; "An swer to Mr. Prince s Letter on Earthquakes," 1756; "Two Lectures on Comets," 1759; " Account of some Fiery Meteors," 1765 ; and "Two Lectures on the Parallax," 1769. In 1766 his paper, " Cogitata de Cometes," was communicated to the Roy. Soc. by Dr. Frank lin, and was separately printed in London. Winthrop, ROBERT CHARLES, LL.D. (Bowd. 1849; Keny. 1851; H.U. 1855), ora tor, politician, and man of letters, b. Boston, 1-2 May. 1809. H.U. 1828. Sixth in descent from Gov. John Winthrop. His father Thos. Lindall, LL.D. (Trin. Coll. 1836), lieut.-gov. of Ms. in 1826-32 (b. N. Lond., Ct., 6 Mar. 1760; d. Boston, 22 Feb. 1841 ; H.U. 1784), was a merchant, and took a deep interest in agriculture ; was pres. of the Ms. Agric. Soc., of" the Ms. Hist. Soc., and of the Amer. Antiq. Soc., and a member of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and of the Philos. Soc.; in 1786 he m. the eldest dau. of Sir John Temple, and grand- dau. of Gov. Bowdoin. The son studied law with Daniel Webster ; entered the State legisl. in 1835; was its speaker in 1838-40; M.C. 1840-2 and 1843-50, and speaker in 1847-8; U.S. senator 1850-1, during the unexpired term of Mr. Webster. Pres. of the Ms. Hist. Soc., and of other literary and charitable associations, and also of the Boston Public-Library Building Commissioners. His congressional speeches are included in a vol. of "Addresses and Speeches," pub. 1852, followed by a second in 1867. Au thor of " Life and Letters of John Winthrop," 2 vols., 1 864-7 ; and " Memoir of Nathan Apple- ton," 1861. Among his addresses are those on the Washington Monument Inaug., 1 848 ; Public Library of Boston, 1855 ; and that of the Franklin Statue in 1856; in memory of Wm. H. Prescott, Feb. 1859 ; Josiah Quincy in July, 1864 ; on Edward Everett in Jan. 1865 ; and at Plymouth, 21 Dec. 1870. In Dec. 1853 he delivered a lecture on Algernon Sidney before the Boston Mercantile-Lib. Association. Winthrop, THEODORE, soldier and au thor, b. N. Haven, Ct., Sept. 21, 1828 ; killed at the battle of Great Bethel, Va., June 10, 1861. Y. C. 1 848. After a visit to Europe for his health in 1849-51, he became tutor to the son of Mr. W. H. Aspinwall, whose counting-house in New York he subsequently entered ; resided 2 years in Panama in the employ of the Pacific Steam ship Co. ; visited California, Oregon, and Van couver s Island ; and accornp. the unfortunate exped. of Lieut. Strain to explore the Isthmus of Darien. Returning in 1854 in poor health, he was adm. to the bar, and practised at St. Louis, but, disliking the climate, soon re turned to New York. Immediately after the fall of Fort Sumter, in Apr. 1861 , he joined the N.Y. 7th Regt., and became military sec. to Gen. Butler at Fortress Monroe, with the rank of major. Author of " Cecil Dreeme," " John Brent," " Edwin Brothertoft," " Canoe and Saddle," " Life in the Open Air ; " also a num ber of magazine articles, among them an ac count of the campaign of the N.Y. 7th Regt. in the Atlantic Mont Ida of June, July, and Aug. 1861. Winthrop, WAITSTILL, maj. -gen. ^.Bos ton, Feb. 27, 1642; d. there 7 Nov. 1717. Son of Gov. John of Ct. Member of Andros coun- cil and of that of 1692; judge of admiralty; and chief justice of the Superior Court of Ms. His son JOHN (b. 28 Aug. 1681, d. 1 Aug. 1747 ; H.U. 1700) was some time a magistrate of Ct. ; afterward a disting. member of the Roy. Soc. of Lond., to whose " Transactions " he was a contributor. Wirt, WILLIAM, LL.D. (H.U. 1824), orator, lawyer, and author, b. Bladensburg, Md., Nov. "8, 1772; d. Washington, D. C., Feb. 18, 1834. His father was a Swiss, and his mother a German. Left an orphan at the age of 8 with a small patrimony, he was edu cated by his uncle Jasper. He resided ab. 20 months as a private tutor in the family of Benjamin Edwards, the lather of Gov. Ninian Edwards of Illinois. In 1792 he commenced the practice of law atCulpepperC.H., Va. ; in 1795 he m. the eldest dau. of Dr. George Gil- mer, and settled at Pen Park, near Charlottes- ville. He there contracted dissipated habits, from which he is said to have been redeemed by listening to a sermon preached by James Waddell, whose memory he has perpetuated in his " British Spy." In 1799 his wife died, and he was soon after elected clerk of the house of delegates. He was in 1802 app. chancellor of the eastern dist. of Va., but shortly afterwards resigned this office, and, toward the close of 1803, removed to Norfolk. Just before this he wrote the letters pub. in the Richmond Arc/us under the title of "The British Spy," which have since been collected, and have passed through ten editions ; in 1804 he pub. in the Richmond Enquirer a series of essays entitled "The Rainbow;" in 1806 he went to Rich mond, and, the following year, greatly disting. himself in the trial of Aaron Burr, establishing his reputation as one of the foremost lawyers in the country ; in 1807-8 he was elected to" the house of delegates, in which he was a promi nent advocate of the policy of Pres. Jefferson ; in 1812 he Avrote most of the essays originally pub. in the Richmond Enquirer under the title of " The Old Bachelor." " The Life of Pat rick Henry," his longest literary production, was first pub. in 1817. In 1816 he was app. U.S. atty. for the Dist. of Va. ; and in 1817-30 was atty. -gen. of the U.S. ; in 1830 he removed to Baltimore. He delivered a discourse on the death of Mr. Adams and Mr. Jefferson before the citizens of Washington, Oct. 19, 1826. In 1832 he was the candidate of the anti-Masonic party for pres. of the U.S. His Life, by J. P. Kennedy, was pub. (2 vols., Phila.) 1849. His widow ELIZABETH WASHINGTON, dau. of Col. Robert Gamble (b. 30 Jan. 1784, m. 1802, d. Annapolis 24 Jan. 1857), was the author of " Flora s Dictionary," Bait. 1829. Wise, HENRY ALEXANDER, politicum, b, TVTS 999 WIT Drummondtown, Accomac Co., Va., 3 Dec. 1806. Wash. Coll., Pa., 1825. His father, who was a lawyer, and once speaker of the house of delegates, d. 1812. His mother d. in 1813, and he was educated by relatives. Adra. to the bar at Winchester in 1828, and settled in Nash ville, Tenn., but in 1830 returned to Accomac ; M.C. 1833-43, and a supporter of Gen. Jack son, but, on his removal of the deposits from the U.S. Bank, went over to the opposition. Minister to Brazil 1843-7. He exerted a powerful influence over the policy of John Ty ler, to whose nomination to the vice-presidency in 1840 he largely contributed. A zealous ad vocate of the admission of Texas into the Union. Member of the State Const. Conv. of 1850; gov. of Va. 1856-60. He joined Senator Douglas in opposing the Lecompton Constitu tion for Kansas. In 1859 he pub. a treatise on territorial govt., sustaining the doctrine of congressional protection of slavery. The last act of his administration was the execution of John Brown and his followers for the raid on Harper s Ferry. In the Va. convention of 13 Feb. 1861, he advocated a peaceful settlement of the difficulties with the Federal government. After the secession of Va., however, he took the commission of brig.-gen. ; was defeated by Gen. J. D. Cox at Gauley Bridge ; and com. at Roanoke Island, but was sick when its capture took place, 7 Feb. 1862. His son, Cant. O. J. Wise, was killed on that occasion. See Biog. Sketch by J. P. Hambleton, 1856; d. Sep. 12, 76. Wise, HENRY AUGUSTUS, capt. U.S.N., and novelist, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., May 12, 1819; d. Naples 1 Apr. 1869. Son of George Stuart Wise, an officer of the U.S.N., who came from an old royalist family, several of whom were taken prisoners after the Penruddock Rebel lion, and sent to Va. ab. 1665. At the age of 14, by the influence of his cousin Gov. Wise, he was app. a midshipman, and first sailed un der Capt. John Percival, the " Jack Percy " of his " Tales for the Marines." He served in the squadron on the coasts of Florida during the Seminole war, and, after promotion to a lieutenancy, in the Pacific, in Cal., and Mexico, during the war of 1846-8. On his return to the U.S. he m. the dau. of Edward Everett. In 1862 he was promoted to com., and made as sist, chief of the bureau of ordnance and hy drography ; capt. Jan. 1 867 ; resigned his con nection with the ordnance bureau, Jan. 1869. He pub. in 1849 "Los Gringos;" in 1855 " Tales for the Marines ; " " Scampavias," 1857; "Capt. Brand of the Schooner Centi pede," 1860. Wise, JOHN, minister of Ipswich, Ms., from Aug. 12, 1683, till his d. April 8, 1725. Bapt. Aug. 15, 1652. H. U. 1673. Son of Joseph of Roxbury. In 1688, for remonstrating against the grievance of taxes imposed without authority from the Assembly, he was im prisoned by Anclros. After the revol. of Apr. 1689 he brought an action against Dudley, chief justice, for denying him the benefit of the habeas-corpus act. As a chaplain in the unfor tunate exped. against Canada in 1690, he was disting. not only for piety, but for martial skill and an heroic spirit. He was one of the very few ministers who favored the introduction of inoculation for small-pox in 1721. In 1705 he opposed the scheme of establishing associations to be intrusted with spiritual power ; and in his " Church Quarrel Espoused," pub. in 1710, a book abounding in wit and satire, con tended that each church contained in itself all ecclesiastical authority. He was zealous and ardent in his attachment to civil and religious liberty, and was a dep. to the Assembly in Andres s administration. He pub. beside the above, ab. 5717, "A Vindication of the Govt. of the N. E. Churches," reprinted in 1772. Wisner, BENJAMIN BLYDENBURG, D.D. (Edinb.), minister of the Old South Church, Boston, Feb. 21, 1821-1832, b. Goshen, N.Y., Sept. 29, 1794; d. Boston, Feb. 9, 1835. Un. Coll. 1813 ; tutor 1815-18. His father, P. B. Wisner, was one of the first settlers and founders of the church at Geneva, N. Y. The son stud ied law, and afterward theology, at Princeton. Ill-health caused him to leave the pulpit in 1832 for the office of sec. of the Amer. Board of Missions. Besides sermons, he pub. in 1830 " A History of the Old South Church ; " "Memoirs of Mrs. S. Huntington," 1828. Miss. Herald, 1836. Wisner, MOSES, lawyer, gov. of Mich. 1859-61, b. Aurelius, Cayuga Co.,N.Y., 1818 ; d. Lexington, Ivy., 5 Jan. 1863. He received a good education ; removed to Mich, in 1839 ; was adm. to the bar in 1842, and was pros. atty. for Lapeer Co. in 1843-4; app. col. 22d Mich. Regt. in 1862. Wistar, CASPAR, M.D. (U. of Edinb. 1786), physician, b. Phila. 13 Sept. 1761; d. there 22 Jan. 1818. His father, a German Quaker, settled in N. J. After the battle of Germantown in 1777, he ministered to the wounded, and was in consequence led to adopt the medical profession. After studying with Dr. Redman, he attended the lectures at the U. of Pa., and in 1783-7 studied and travelled in Great Britain. Returning to Phila. in Jan. 1787, he began practice there; was prof, of chemistry and physiol. in Phila. Coll. in 1789- 92, and physician to the Dispensatory and Hos pital ; adjunct prof, of anatomy and surgery with Dr. Shippen, Jan. 1792-1808; and prof of anatomy in 1808-18. He was a most skilful physician, and gave to the Phila. Med. School the high reputation it acquired. Member of many literary and scientific societies ; vice-pres. of the Amer. Philos. Soc. from 1795, and pres. from 1815. He succeeded Dr. Rush as pres. of the Society for the Abolition of Slavery. His principal work is a " System of Anatomy," 2 vols. 1812. Gross s Med. Biog. Wiswall, ICHABOD, minister of Duxbury, Ms., 1676, to his d. July 23, 1700, b. Eng. 1638. He studied three years at H.U., but did not graduate. He was many years an instructor of youth, and was agent of the Colony in Eng. in 1689, striving to prevent the union of Plym outh to either N.Y. or Ms., but was defeated in this by Inc. Mather. A poem on the comet of 1680 was pub. by him in London. Withers, GEN. JONES M., b. Ala. ab. 1814. West Point, 1835. Entered 1st Drags. July, and resigned Dec. 5, 1835. Aide to Maj.- Gen. Patterson of Ala. Vols. in the Creek war, 1836 ; col. Ala. Vols. for Mexican war ; lieut.- WIT 1000 eol. 13th U. S. Inf. 9 Apr. 1847 ; col. 9th Inf. Sept. 13, 1847 ; resigned May 23, 1848; mer chant in Mobile 1848-61; mayor of that city 1858-61. App. brig.-gen. Confed. service 1861; raaj.-gen. 1862; com. 2d div. 2d corps at the battle of Shiloh Apr. 6, and at the battle of Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. Witherspoon, JOHN, D. D., LL. D., clergyman and scholar, b. Tester, near Edin burgh, Feb. 5, 1722 ; d. near Princeton, N. J., Nov. 15, 1794. His father, the parish minister of Tester, was a lineal descendant of John Knox by his dau. Elizabeth. The son was educated at the U. of Edinburgh ; was licensed to preach at 21; and settled at Beith. When the Pretender landed in Scotland, he marched at the head of a corps of militia to Glasgow to join him ; was taken prisoner at the battle of Falkirk, and imprisoned in Donne Castle, where he remained until after the battle of Cul- loden. In 1 757 he was settled at Paisley, whence he was called in 1 767 to the presidency of Prince ton Coll., N. J., and was inaug. Aug. 17, 1768. He wrote an apologue entitled " History of a Corporation of Servants," &c., a narrative, under a pleasant disguise, of the church-history of Great Britain; "An Essay on Justification," 1756 ; and a " Serious Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Stage," 1757, occasioned by the performance of " Douglas," written by the clergyman Home. In 1 764 he went to London, and pub. 3 vols. of "Essays on Important Subjects." He improved thefinances, and raised the reputation of the college, and gave lectures on moral philos. and rhetoric, which are in cluded in his works. In addition to his other duties, he was prof, of divinity, and pastor of the church in Princeton, during his presidency. On the opening of the war, the college was for a time broken up ; when Witherspoon was dele gated to the N. J. conv. for framing a State constitution, and, being sent by the Prov. Con gress to the Gen. Congress at Phila., took his seat in time to sign the Decl. of Indep. He was a punctual attendant in Congress during his term of 6 years, and active on committees ; member of the secret com. and of the board of war, and visited the camp to improve the state of the troops. He wrote the congressional addresses to the people, recommending fasts, and " Thoughts on American Liberty/ and war-pieces in the newspapers. His " Essay on Money" was a reproduction of his speeches in Congress, where he opposed the repeated issues of paper-money. In that body his sagacity, and insight into the future, were pre eminent. In 1781 he wrote several periodical essays on social and literary topics, entitled " The Druid." He went to Eng. in 1783 and 1 784 to collect funds for the college. At the age of 70 he m. a young lady of 23. By his first wife he had a son, a major in the Revol. army, killed at the battle of Germantown. Ramsay the historian m. his dau. His works were pub. in 4 vols. 8vo at Phila. in 1802; and in 9 vols. 12ii)0, Edinburgh. Within g ton, REV. LEONARD, D.D., pastor of the First Church, Newburv, Ms., 1816-58, b. Dorchester, Ms., Aug. 9", 1789. T.C. 1814. He pub. " The Puritan, a Series of .Essays by John Oldbug> Esq.," 2 vols. 1836 ; " Solomon s Song," transl. and explained 1 ,, 1861; "Penitential Tears," 8vo, 1845; single sermons, &c. Duyckinck. Wpedtke, DE, brig.-gen. Rcvol. army, b. Prussia; d. Lake George, ab. July 31, 1*776. He was for many years an officer in the army of the great Frederick, and was app. by Con gress a brig.-gen. March 16, 1776. WolCOtt, OLIVER, LL.D. (T.C. 1792), signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Windsor, Ct. f Nov, 26, 1726; d. Litchfield, Dec. 1, 1797. T.C. 1747. Son of Gov. Roger. Acapt.inthe northern frontier in the war which terminated with the peace of Aix la Chapelle. He then studied medicine, but abandoned it on being app. sheriff of Litchfield Co. in 1751. In 1774- 86 he was an assist, in the council of the State ; also for some time judge of the C.C.P. and of the Litchfield Court of Probate, and a maj.-gen, of militia. In 1775 he was app. by the Cont- Congress one of the commiss. of Indian affairs for the northern dept. to secure the neutrality of the Indians. In Jan. 1776 he was made a delegate to Congress. In July he returned to Ct., and was invested with the com. of the State militia drafted for the defence of N.T. In Nov. he resumed his seat in Congress. The follow ing year he joined the northern army under Gates with several hundred volunteers, assisted in the defeat of Burgoyne, and was made brig.- gen. on the field of Saratoga. Until 1 786 he was occupied in serving his country either in Con gress, in the field, or as a commiss. of Indian affairs; lieut.-gov. of Ct. 1786-96; gov. in 1796-7. WolCOtt, OLIVER, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1799; T.C. 1819), statesman and financier, b. Litchfield, Ct., 11 Jan. 1760; d. N.T. City, 1 June, 1833. T.C. 1778. Son of the preceding. He was a vol. to repel the British attack on Dan- bury, Ct., in 1777 ; was a vol. aide to his father in 1779 ; and afterward was an officer in the commissary dept. Adm. to the bar iu 1781, he was employed in the financial affairs of his State ; in May, 1784, was a commiss. to settle its accounts with the U.S. ; comptroller of public accounts, May, 1788-Sept. 1 789 ; auditor U.S. treasury 1789-91 ; comptroller 1791-5; sec. U.S. treas. 3 Feb. 1795-31 Dec. 1800; app. judge U. S. Circuit Court in 1800. Re moving to N.T. City in 1 802, he was a merchant until the breaking-out of the war of 1812, the policy of which he sustained, and about this time, in connection with his bro. Frederick, commenced the extensive manuf. establishment at Wolcottville, near Litchfield. Pres. of the State Const. Conv. of 1817; gov.ofCt. 1818-27. While a resident of Hartford, he was one of its coterie of wits with Hopkins, Barlow, AIsop> and Trumbull. His last years were passed ir> New Tork. Author of " An Address to the People of the U.S.," 8vo, 1802. WolCOtt, GEN. ROGER, soldier, statesman, and jurist, b. Windsor, Ct M Jan. 4, 1679; d. there May 17, 1767. Never having had a day s schooling, he yet rose to the highest military and civil honors. At the age of 12 he was appren ticed to a mechanic, and by industry and frugal ity acquired a fortune, fn the exped. against Canada (in 1711) he was commissary of the Ct. forces, and at the capture of Louishurg (ia won, 1001 woo 1745) was maj.-gen.,and second in com. He was successively a member of the Assembly and Council, judge of the county court, dep.-gov., chief judge of the Superior Court, and in 1751- 4 gov. He pub. "Poetical Meditations," 1725. A long MS. poem, which describes minutely the Pequot war, is preserved in the Hist. Soc. " Colls/ His son ERASTUS, b. 21 Sept. 1722, d. 14 Sept. 1793 ; a col. at the siege of Boston in 1775, afterwards a gen., and a judge of the Sup. Court. Wolf, GEORGE, gov. of Pa. 1829-35, b. Allen township, Pa., Aug. 12, 1777 ; d. Phila. March 11, 1840. He received a classical edu cation, studied law, and became eminent in the profession. In 1814 he was elected a repre sentative; was M.C. in 1824-9; was app. in 1836 first compt. of the U. S. treas. ; and was afterwards coll. of the port of Philadelphia. Wolfe, JAMES, a British gen., b. Wester- ham, Kent, 2 Jan. 1727 ; killed at Quebec 13 Sept. 1759. Son of Edward, a lieut.-gen. En tering young into the army, he disting. himself at Latfeldt, though then only 20 years of age. Quartermaster-gen, of the inglorious exped. against Rochefort in 1757, he vainly recom mended an attempt at landing ; acquired an increase of reputation at the capture of Louis- burg ; and was placed by Wm. Pitt, with the rank of maj.-gen., at the head of the force des tined against Quebec. Late in June, 1759, he arrived with 8,000 men, in the fleet of Admiral Saunders, in the River St. Lawrence. Mont- calm, the French com., occupied a strong posi tion, and repulsed Wolfe s first attack with great loss, July 31. Though greatly dispirited by this failure, Wolfe renewed his efforts, and, deceiving the enemy by several feints, embarked with his forces in the night of Sept. 12, drifted with the tide, unobserved by the senti nels, to a point beyond the town, and, scaling an almost inaccessible mountain, formed in order of battle at daybreak of the 43th on the Plains of Abraham. Montcalm, accepting the inevitable battle, attacked Wolfe; but after a severe conflict, which proved fatal to both leaders, victory declared for the English, and, three days later, Quebec surrendered, and Cana da was lost to France. A monument was erected to his memory in Westminster Abbey. Wood, ALPHONSO, teacher and botanist, b. Chesterfield, N.H., Sept. 17, 1810. Dartm. Coll. 1834. He studied divinity at Andover Sem. ; taught at Meriden Acad., Plainfield, 15 years; was a civil engr. 3 years; prof, and pres. Ohio Female Coll. 8 years ; prof, of Terre- Haute Female Coll., Ind. ; subsequently pres. Brooklyn Fern. Acad. He pub. " Class-Book of Botany," 1845, which has gone through 50 editions; "First Lessons in Botany," 1848; "Leaves and Flowers," 1863; "American Botanist and Florist," 1870. Wood, ELEAZER D., lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. N. Y. ; killed Sept. 17, 1814, in a sortie from Fort Erie. West Point (lieut. engineers), 1806. Capt. 1 July, 1812 ; brev. major for defence of Fort Meigs, May 6, 1813; disting. in the bat tle of the Thames ; acting adj.-gen. to Gen. Harrison, Oct. 1813; brev. lieut.-col. for battle of Niagara, July 25, 1814 ; disting. in Gaines s victory in defence of Fort Erie, U.C. Wood Co., O., containing the site of Fort Mei<rs, and Fort Wood on Bedloe s Island, were named for him ; and Gen. Brown erected a monument to his memory at West Point. Wood, FERNANDO, politician, b. Phila. 14 June, 1812, of Quaker parentage. From the humble vocation of a cigar-maker he rose to be a ship-owner and a successful merchant of N.Y. City. M.C. 1841-3, 1863-5, and 1867- 73. Mayor of New York 1855-7 and 1861-2 ; and in Jan. 1861 recommended that New York should secede, and become a free city. Wood, GEORGE, author, b. Newburyport, Ms., 1799; d. Saratoga Springs, N.Y., Aug. 24, 1870. Educated by Samuel L. Knapp, a talented lawyer and litterateur. His mother re moved with her family in 1816 to Alexandria, B.C. A cle rk in the war dept. 1819-22, and in the treas. dept. in 1822-45; he tiien took up his residence in N.Y., where he wrote his "Peter Schlemihl in America." Returning to Washington, he resumed his clerical labors, and was at the time of his death chief of navi gation, division of the treas. dept. Also au thor of" The Modern Pilgrims," 2 vols. 1855 ; "Marrying Too Late," 1856; "The Gates Wide Open," 1869. He was long co-editor of the National Era, and contrib. to the Knicker bocker Magazine and other periodicals. Wood, GEORGE B., M.D., LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1858), prof, of the theory and practice of med. at the U. of Pa. 1850-60, and pres. of the Coll. of Physicians of Phila., b. Greenwich, N. J., 13 March, 1797. U. of Pa. 1815. M.D. 1818. Prof, of chem. in Phila. Coll. of Phar macy 1822-31, and of mat. med. 1831-5; prof, of materia medica U. of Pa. 1835-50. In 1865 he endowed an auxiliary faculty of medi cine in the U. of Pa. Pres. Philos. Soc. since 1859. Author of a Centennial Address, Pa. Hospital, June 10, 1851; "Practice of Medi cine," 2 vols. 8vo, 1847; "Therapeutics," 2 vols. 8vo, 1856; with F. Bache, "Dispensa tory of the U.S.," 8vo, first pub. in 1833; " Memoir of S. G. Morton," 8vo, 1853 ; " Lec tures and Addresses on Medical Subjects," 8vo, 1859; "Memoirs of Franklin Bache," Svo, 1865, &c. ; "History of the U. of Pa.," 1827. Wood, GEORGE T., gov. of Texas 1847- 9; d. on Trinity River, Texas, Sept. 5, 1858. App. major of Ga. 3 mos. vols. in the Creek war, May 16, 1836; col. 2d Texas Regt. mounted vols. in Mexican war, and disting. at the storming of Monterey; and afterwards M. C. of Texas. Wood, ISAAC, M.D. (Queen s Coll. 1816), physician and philanthropist of N. Y. City, b. Clinton, Duchess Co., N.Y., Aug. 21, 1793; d. Norwalk, Ct., March 25, 1868. His father in 1803 removed to N.Y. City, and established there a bookstore, still conducted by his de scendants. He studied medicine ; spent the years 1814-16 in the N. Y. Hospital ; was one of the physicians of the N. Y. Dispensary until 1825 ; resident phys. of the Bellevue Hospital in 1826- 33 ; and was active in founding and managing many of the medical and other charitable insti tutions of N.Y. City ; member of the Soc. of Friends. In 1832-3, during the cholera epi demic, he kept his post, was himself attacked by the disease, and was not fully restored to woo 1002 -woo health for 5 years. He had a very high rep aration as an ophthalmic surgeon, and was for 25 years one of the most active managers of the N Y. Inst. for the Blind. Wood, GEN. JAMES, gov. of Va. in 1796- 9 ; d. Richmond, June 16, 1813. Son of Col. Jas. Wood, founder of Winchester, Va. ; was a member of the conv. of June, 1776, which framed the State Const. ; was made a col. in the Va. service Nov. 15, 1776; and was lieut- gov., and member of the executive council. A county of Va. was named Wood, in commemo ration of his patriotic services. Grigsby. Wood, JOHN, political writer, b. Scotland ; d. Richmond, Va., May, 1822. He came to America ab. 1800; edited the Western World, a paper in Ky., in 1806, and in 1817 the Atlantic World at Washington. In his last years he resided at Richmond, and was employed in making county maps. He pub. a " History of Switzerland and the Swiss Revol. ; " " His tory of the Administration of J. Adams," followed by a statement of its sources, pub. in 1802 ; "Exposition of the Clintonian Faction," 1802 ; "A New Theory of the Diurnal Motion of the Earth," 1809. Wood, MRS. JOHN (VINING), actress, b. Eng. Made her debut at the New Boston Theatre, Sept. 11, 1854, as Gertrude, in the "Loan of a Lover." In 1859 manageress of the Ameri can Theatre, San Francisco; in 1860-6, of the N.Y. Olympic; and is now (1871) manageress of the St. James Theatre, Lond. Her husband, a comic actor, d. Vancouver s Island, May 28, 1863. Wood, JOSEPH, col. Revol. army ; d. Mar. 1789. Maj. 2d Pa. Regt., and sent to Canada, 4 Jan. 1776; lieut.-col. 22 July, 1776; col. 7 Sept. 1776. Wood, REUBEN, gov. Ohio 1850-3, b. Rutland Co., Vt., 1792 ; d. Rockport, O., 2 Oct. 1864. Capt. of Vt. Vols. in the war of 1812 ; removed to Cleveland, 0., in 1817; was State senator 1825-8 ; pres. judge 3d dist. 1830- 3; judge of Sup. Court 1833-45; and U. S. consul to Valparaiso 1853-5. Wood, SILAS, author, and M.C. 1819-29, b. Suffolk Co., N.Y., 1769 ; d. Huntington, L.I., March 2, 1847. N. J. Coll. 1789. Author of a " History of Long Island," 1824 ; new edition 1828 ; and again, with Biog. Memoir and Ad ditions by Alden J. Spooner, 1865. Wood, GEN. THOMAS JEFFERSON, b. Munfordsville, Ky., Sept. 25, 1823. West Point, 1845. Entering the topog. engrs., he was disting. at the battle of Palo Alto ; was as signed to the 2d Dragoons in Oct. 1846; and was brcv. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Buena Vista. In 1848-54 he was in active service against the Indians on the Texan frontier. Mar. 3, 1855, he became capt. 1st Cav. ; major 16 Mar. 1861; lieut.-col. May 9, 1861; col. 2d Cav. Nov. 12, 1861; brig.-gen. vols. Oct. 11, 1861 ; maj.-gen. 27 Jan. 1865 ; resigned June 9, 1869. Feb. 25, 1862, he took com. of the 6th division of the Army of the Ohio, with which he took part in the battle of Shiloh. He par ticipated in the battle of Perrysville and the pursuit of Bragg s army Oct.-Nov. 1862; was wounded at Stone River 31 Dec. 1862; com. division in 21st corps in Tenn. campaign and battle of Chickamauga 19-20 Sept. 1863 ; com. div. 4th corps at Mission. Ridge (23-25 Nov.), relief of Knoxville, and invasion of Ga., and engaged in all the operations of the campaign, ending in the capture of Atlanta, and severely wounded at Lovejoy s Station 2 Sept. 1864; com. 4th corps Dec. 1864 to Feb. 1865 in Tenn. campaign against Hood s forces ; in the battles of Franklin and Nashville ; and brev. brig.- gen. and maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for Chickamauga and Nashville. Cullum. Wood, WILLIAM, author of the first printed account of Massachusetts; resided in that Colony from 1629 till his return to Eng., Aug. 15, 1633. He pub. in Lond. in 1634 "New England s Prospect," a true, lively, and experimental description. Lewis, his Hist, of Lynn, supposes that he returned to Ms., lived there, was representative in 1636, and in 1637 removed to Sandwich, where he was town-clerk, and d. there 1639, His book was repub. in Boston 1764, and (by the Prince Soc.) in 1865. Wood, WILLIAM B., comedian, b. Mon treal, May 26, 1779; d. Phila. Sept. 24, 1861. He was brought up in New York, whither his family removed at the close of the Revol. Fail ing as a merchant in 1798, he went on the stage with Wignell s company, and soon became a favorite. He in 1809 became a proprietor of the New Theatre, but lost every thing by its conflagration in 1820. Dec. 2, 1822, he opened the new Chestnut-st. Theatre, Phila., which he sold in 1826 to Wm. Warren, and Oct. 1, 1828, opened the new Arch-st. Theatre. Made his last appearance Nov. 18, 1846, at the Walnut-st. Author of "Personal Recollections of the Stage," 8vo, 1854, and of many alterations and adaptations of English plays to the Amer. stage. His wife, JULIANA WESTRAY, first ap peared at the Haymarket, Boston, in 1797 ; m. Mr. Wood Jan. 30, 1804; d. Phila. Nov. 13, 1836. Wood, WILLIAM W. W., chief engineer U.S.N., b. Wake Co., N.C., 1818. Educated at the North, and acquired a thorough knowl edge of engineering at the West-Point Foun dry, N.Y. City. Entered the naval service in Mar. 1845. Gen. insp. of steam-machinery, and had charge during the Rebellion of the con struction of our iron-clad fleet and the ma chinery for the new class of vessels then intro duced. Woodbridge, BENJAMIN RUGGLES, phy sician and col. Revol. army, b. Mar. 5, 1739; d. So. Hadley, 8 Mar. 1819. Son of Rev. John, minister of S.H. 1 742-83. He com. a Ms. regt. at the siege of Boston and at Ticonderoga in 1776 ; many years in Ms. Legislature. Woodbridge, WILLIAM, statesman and jurist, b. Norwich, Ct., Aug. 20, 1780; d. De troit, Oct. 20, 1861. Removed with his father, Hon. Dudley, to Marietta, Ohio, in 1791. Educated in Ct. ; studied law in Litchficld, and was adm. to the bar in 1806. In 1807 he was a member of the Assembly ; pros. atty. for his county 1808-14, and also a member of the State senate; app. sec. of Mich. Terr. 1814; delegate to Congress in 1819 ; judge of the Sup. Court of the Terr. 1828-32 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1835; State senator in 1837; woo 1003 woo gov. of the State in 1^40-1; and U. S. senator 1841-7. His "Life," by Charles Lanman, was pub. 1867. Woodbridge,WiLLiAM CHANNING, teach er and author, b. Medford, Ms., Dec. 18, 1794; d. Boston, Nov. 9, 1845. Y.C. 1811. In 1812- 14 principal of Burlington Acad., N. J. ; then studied theol. ; and was in 1817-20 a teacher in the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford. He prepared, in conjunction with Mrs. Emma Wiilard, a compendium of Geog raphy. Also pub. from 1831 to 1838 the Amer. Annals of Education ; "Letters from Hofwyl," giving an account of Fellenberg s system ; and several elementary works of instruction. Woodburv, AUGUSTUS, b. Beverly, Ms., 1825. Camb. Thcol. School. 1849. Settled as a Unitarian pastor at Concord, N.H., 1 849 ; at Lowell, Ms., 1853; and at Providence, R.I., 1857. Author of "Plain Words to Young Men," 1858; "Campaign of the First R.I. Regt.," 1861; "Gen. Burnside and the 9th Corps," 8vo, 1867; also orations, sermons, ad dresses, papers in the reviews, &c. Alli- bone. Woodbury, DANIEL PHINEAS, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. New London, N.H., 16 Dec. 1812 ; d. Key West, Fla., 15 Aug. 1864. West Point, 1836. 1st lieut. engrs. 7 July, 1838; capt. 3 Mar. 1853; maj. 6 Aug. 1861 ; lieut.- col. 1 June, 1863; brig.- gen. vols. 19 March, 1862. In 1847 he established Forts Kearney and Laramie on the Platte; was engaged on the fortifications of Washington, May, 1861- Mar. 1862. He had charge of" the engr. brigade before Richmond and Fredericksburg, and was chief engr. of the dept. of the Gulf, Apr. 1863- Aug. 1864. Brev. col. for the Peninsular cam paign; brig.-gen. 13 Dec. 1862 for Fredericks- burg, Va. ; and maj.-gen. 15 Aug. 1864 for services in the Rebellion. Author of papers on " Sustaining Walls," 1854; and "Theory of the Arch," 1858. Cullum. Woodbury, ISAAC B., teacher and com poser of music, b. Beverly, Ms., 1819; d. Co lumbus, S.C., Oct. 26, 1858. He studied one year in Europe under eminent instructors. Taught in the public schools of Boston, and about 1 845 removed to New York. He wrote and compiled a number of musical works, among them " The Dulcimer," a collection of church-music, pub. 1850; "Liber Musicus," 1851; "The Cythara;" "New Lute of Zion;" also oratorios with orchestral accompaniments, glee-books, juvenile music, " Cultivation of the Voice," " Self-Instructor in Musical Compos, and Thorough-Bass," " Singing-school Com panion," "Melodeon and Seraphine Instruc tion Book," &c. He commenced the publica tion of the Musical Review in Jan. 1850. Woodbury, LEVI, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1823; Wesl. U. 1843), jurist and statesman, and a leader of the Democ. party, b. Frances- town, N.H., Dec. 22, 1789; d. Portsmouth, N.H., Sept. 7, 1851. Dartm. Coll. 1809. He studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1812 ; and practised at Francestown till 1816, when he was chosen clerk of the State senate. In Dec. 1 81 6 he was app. a judge of the Superior Court ; and in 1819 m., and removed to Portsmouth. Gov. of the State in 1823; speaker of the house in 1825; U.S. senator 1825-31 ; sec. o the na vy, May, 1831 -July, 1834, and of the treasury, July, 1834-March4, 1841. During thi > period he refused the post of chief justice of the N.H. Superior Court. Again returned to the U.S. sen ate in 1841, he voted against the increase of the navy, and in 1844 in favor of annexing Texas. In Sept. 1 845 Mr. Polk app. him a justice of the U.S. Sup. Court. The mission to Eng., previously tendered him by Mr. Polk, he de clined. He pub. a vol. of Law Reports in con nection with Judge Richardson of N.H. ; a coll. of his "Political, Judicial, and Literary Writings," app. in 1852, 3 vols. 8vo, Boston. His son CHARLES LEVI, member Suffolk bar, and a prominent Mason (b. Portsm. 22 May, 1820, U.S. dist. atty. for Ms. 1858-61), edited, with George Minot, Reports 1st U.S. Circuit, 3 vols. 8vo, 1847-52. Woodford, GEN. WILLIAM, Revol. offi cer, b. Caroline Co., Va., 1735 ; d. N.Y. City, Nov. 13, 1780. He early disting. himself m the French and Indian war. Upon the assem bling of the Va. troops at Williamsburg, in 1775, he was app. col. of the 2d Regt. ; com. at the battle of Great Bridge, Dec. 9, 1775, and gained a signal victory. He was afterwards com. of the 1st Va. brigade ; was wounded at Brandywine ; and at the siege of Charleston was made prisoner, and taken to New York. His son JOHN T. WOODFORD was a lieut.-col. in the war of 1812. Woodhouse, JAMES, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1792), chemist, b. Phila. Nov. 17, 1770; d. there June 4, 1809. U. of Pa. 1787. In 1791 he served as a surgeon in St. Glair s army. Prof, of chemistry in the U. of Pa. from 1795 t<? his death. He nub. " Observations on the Com bination of Acids, Bitters, and Astringents," 1793; "The Young Chemist s Pocket-Com panion," 1797 ; Parkinson s " Chemical Pock et-Book," with the objections to the antiphlogis tic theory of chemistry, 1802; "Experiments and Observations on the Vegetation of Plants/ 1802 ; and contribs. to sci. journals of the day. Thachcr. Woodhouse, SAMUEL, capt. U.S.N., b. Pa. ; d. Chester Co., Pa., 16 July, 1843. Mid shipman under Truxton in the action with the French ship "La Vengeance," 1 Feb. 1800; lieut. 4 May, 1808; com. 27 Apr. 1816 ; capt. 3 Mar. 1827. Woodhull, GEN. NATHANIEL, a Revol. patriot, b. Mastic, Suffolk Co., L. I., Dec. 30, 1722; d. Gravesend, L. I., Sept. 20, 1776. He served in the French war of 1 755-63, arid rose to be col. 3d N.Y. Regt. under Amherst. In 1 769-76 he was a rep. in the N.Y. legisl., where he, with Schuyler, George Clinton, and other patriots, steadily resisted the encroachments of the crown upon the rights and liberties of the province. In 1776 he was pres. of the N.Y. Prov. Congress, but, on the landing of the British on L. I., put himself at the head of the militia, and, a few days after the disastrous battle of Long Island, was surprised by a party of lisrht-horse near Jamaica : after surrendering his swoi d, he was cruelly hacked and cut, and died in con sequence of his wounds. A narrative of his capture and death was pub. by H. Onderdonk, jun., 8vo, 1848. His Journal of the Montreal woo 1004 woo Exped., 1760, is pub. in the Hist. Mag., Sept. 1861. Woodruff, HIRAM, celeb, trainer and driver of trotting-horses, b. Flemington, N. J., 22 Feb. 1817; d. L. I., 13 Mar. 1867. He be gan his prof, career at Phila. in 1831, and had a unique reputation for honesty and fair-deal ing as a trainer, and remarkable skill both in driving and training horses. He was uni versally popular. Author of " The Trotting Horse of America," edited by C. J. Foster, 8vo, 1869. Woods, ALVA, D.D. (B. U. 1828), b. Shorehara, Vt. H.U. 1817. Ord. 28 Oct. 1821. Prof, of math, and nat. philos. in Brown U. 1824-8, and also in Transylv. U. 1828-31, of which he was also pres. ; and was pres. of the U. of Ala. from 1831 until his resign. Dec. 1837. Nephew of Leonard Woods, D.D., and sou of Rev. Abel, a Baptist minister (1790- 1850). He resides in Providence, R. I. "Au thor of " Intell. and Moral Culture ; " " Inaug. Discourse, Lexington U.," 1828; "In trod. Lecture before the Ala. Institute," 1834; " Baccal. Address, U. of Ala.," 1835; " Vale- diet. Address," 6 Dec. 1837. Allibone. Woods, ANDREW SALTER, LL.D., jurist, b. Batii, N.H., 2 June, 1803 ; d. there 20 June, 1863. D. C. 1825. He began the practice of law in 1828; was made justice in 1840; and chief justice N.H. Sup. Court in 1855. Woods, CHARLES R., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Licking Co., O., ab. 1830. West Point, 1852. Entering the 1st Inf., he was early in 1861 quarterm. on Gen. Patterson s staff; app. col. 76th Ohio 13 Oct. 1861; was at the capture of Fort Donelson, Feb. 15, 1862 ; Pittsburg Landing, Apr. 7 ; com. a brigade, and joined the Army of the South-west, July 24; for gallantry at Ark. Post, May 15, was recom. for promotion ; was in all the battles around Vicksburg; became brig.-gen. 4 Aug. 1863, and com. 1st brig., 1st div., 15th corps, which he led at Lookout Mountain and Mis sion. Ridge, Nov. 25 ; at Resaca, Dallas, Kene- saw, Atlanta, and Jonesborough ; and in the campaign of Ga. and the Carolinas com. a div. in Osterhaus s (15th) corps. Brev. lieut.-col. 4 July, 1863, for capture of Vicksburg; col. 24 Nov. 1863 for Chattanooga; brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for Atlanta, Ga., and Bentonville, N.C. Lieut.-col. 28 July, 1866; assigned to 5th Inf. 24 Mar. 1869. Cullum. Woods, LEONARD, D.D. (D.C. 1810), theologian, b. Princeton, Ms., 19 June, 1774; d. Andover, 24 Aug. 1854. H. U. 1796. Ord. pastor of a Cong, church in W. Newbury 5 Dec. 1798. A series of able papers, contrib. by him to the Panoplist in 1805, vindicating Calvin ism, estab. his reputation as a controversialist. Prof, of theology in Andover Theol. Sem. 1 808-46. The contemporary of Buckminster, Channing, and Ware, he was the able antago nist of the Unitarian theology, and the cham pion of orthodox Calvinism. Dr. Woods was one of the originators of the Amer. Board of For. Missions, the Tract Society, and the Temperance Socisty. Author of " Letters to Unitarians," 1820; "Reply to Dr. Ware," 1821; "Lectures on Inspiration," 1829; "Let ters to Rev. N. W. Taylor," 1830; "Lectures on Inf. Baptism," 1829; "Memoirs of Amer. Missionaries," 1833 ; " Doctrine of Perfection," 1841; "Reply to Mahan," 1841 ; "Lectures on Church Govt.," 1843 ; on " Swedenborgian- ism,"1846; "Hist, of Andover Sem.," &c. His collected works were pub. in 5 vols. 1849- 50. Woods, LEONARD, Jun., D.D. (H.U. 1846), LL.D. (Bowd. 1866), pres. of Bowdoin Coll. 1839-66. Son of the preceding ; b. New- bury, Ms., 24 Nov. 1807. Union Coll. 1827. Ord. 1833; tutor at And. Theol. Sem. 1831 ; prof, sacred lit. Bangor Theol. Sem. 1836-9. Transl. Knapp s "Theology," 2 vols. 8vo, 1833. Author of " Address on the Life and Char, of Parker Cleaveland," 1859 ; on " The Opening of the New Hall of the Med. School/ 1862. He edited the early vols. of the Lit. and Theol. Rev., N.Y., 1834-7; contributed to Biblical Repository, &c. ; and delivered an excellent address on Daniel Webster before the city authorities of Portland. In July, 1867, he visited Europe to complete the documentary history of Maine. Woodyille, RICHARD CATON, genre paint er, b. Baltimore ab. 1825; d. London, Eng., Sept. 13, 1855. St. Mary s Coll. His talent was first evinced by his " Interior of a Bar- Room." From Dusseldorf he sent in 1847 " The Card-Players," in 1848 " A Man hold ing a Book," and in 1850 " The Game of Chess " and " The Politicians." He was in Paris in 1851-3. Among the other fruits of his brief but brilliant career are " Waiting for the Stage," and " The Sailor s Wedding." Tuckerman. Woodward, ASHBEL, M.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1829), b. Wellington, Ct., June 26, 1804. Pres. of the Ct. Med. Soc. Besides numerous con- tribs. to the N. E. Hist. Geneal. Register and to medical journals, he has pub. " Vindication of Gen. Putnam," 1841; "Review of Uncle Tom s Cabin," 1853; "Hist, of the Ct. Med. Soc.," an address, 1859; "Medical Ethics," 1860; " Early Physicians of Norwich/ 1859 ; " Life of Gen. N. Lyon," 1862 ; " Memoir of Col. T. Knowlton," 1861; "Specialism in Medicine," 1866 ; " Hist. Address at the 200th Anniv. of the Town of Franklin, Ct., 14 Oct. 1868." Woodward, SAMUEL BAYARD, M. D., physician, b. Torringford, Ct.. June 10, 1787; d. Northampton, Ms., Jan. 3, 1850. His fa ther Dr. SAMUEL W., a physician of eminence, b. Watertown, Ct., 1750, d. Jan. 6, 1835. In 1809 Samuel B. began practice at Wethersfield ; became physician to the State-prison, and was some years in the State senate. He was one of the founders of the " Retreat for the Insane," at Hartford ; and from 1832, until his removal to Northampton in 1846, was supt. of the State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester. He was the projector of an asylum for inebriates, and also of the Ms. School for Idiotic Youth. He pub. " Hints to the Young/ and an essay on the " Fruits of New England." Woodworth, JOHN, jurist, b. Schodaek, N.Y., 12 Nov. 1768 ; d. Albany 1 June, 1858. Y.C. 1788. He studied law with John Lan sing, jun., at Albany ; adm. to the bar in 1791 ; began practice in Troy; and in 1806 removed woo 1005 woo to Albany. Surrogate of Rens. Co. 1793- 1804; member of the Assembly 1803, of the senate 1804-7; atty.-gen. of N. Y. 1804-8; judge N.Y. Sup. Court 1819-28. Author of " Reminiscences of Troy 1790-1807." With W. W. Van Ness, app. to revise the laws of N.Y. ^1811-13. St reef s Council of Revision, New York. WoodWOrth, SAMUEL, poet, b. Scituate, Ms., Jan. 13, 1785 ; d. New York, Dec. 9, 1842. Youngest son of a farmer and Revol. soldier. He had few educational advantages, and was apprenticed to Benjamin Russell of the Centi- nel, Boston. In 1807 he removed to New Ha ven, where he commenced a weekly paper, the Bslles-Lettret Repository, discontinued after the second month. He removed to New York in 1809; m. in 1810; and during the war of 1812 conducted a weekly paper (The War) and a monthly Swedenborgian mag. (The fla/cyon LuDiiii t/ /j and TheoL Repository), both unsuc cessfully ; in 1816 he wrote a history of the late war, in the style of a romance, entitled " The Champions of Freedom." A small vol. of his poems was pub. in N.Y. in 1818, and another in 1826. Was one of the founders of the N. Y. Mirror in 1823, in conjunction with George P. Morris ; withdrew from it in 1824; and in 1827 edited the Parthenon. He was a frequent contrib. of verses to the newspapers; wrote some popular songs on the victories of the war of 1812-14, and some dramatic pieces, mostly operatic, one of which, " The Forest Rose," still keeps possession of the stage. "The Old Oaken Bucket "is by far the best of his numerous lyrics. His collected poems were pub., with a Memoir by Geo. P. Morris, in 1861, 2 vols. 18mo. Duyckindc. Wool, GEN. JOHN ELLIS, b. Newburg, N.Y., 1783 ; d. Troy, N.Y., Nov. 10, 1869. Son of a Revol. soldier. He received little education, but before ^ he was 21 became proprietor of a bookstore in Troy. Losing his property by fire, he studied law, but, through the friendship of Gov. De Witt Clinton, was app. capt. 1 3th Inf. Apr. 14, 1812. He raised a company in Trov, was disting. and severely wounded at Queenstown Heights, Oct. 13 ; was promoted to major 29th Inf., and was brev. lieut.-col. for gallantry at the battles of Plattsburg, Sept. 6- 11, 1814; insp.-gen. Sept. 29, 1816; lieut.-col. Feb. 10, 1818; brev. brig.-gen. Apr. 29, 1826; brig.-gen. June 25, 1841. In 1832 the govt. sent him to Europe to examine the military systems of some of the principal nations, and he witnessed the siege of Antwerp ; in 1836 he was employed in removing the Cherokee In dians to Arkansas. May 30, 1846, he was sent to the West to organize vols. for the Mexican war, and in less than 6 weeks despatched to the seat of war 12,000 fully armed and equipped. Collecting 3,000 men* he reached Saltillo, after a march of 900 miles, without loss, pre serving the most admirable discipline. He selected the ground for the battle of Buena Vista (Feb. 23, 1847), made the preliminary dispositions, and com. in the early part of the action until the arrival of Gen. Taylor. For his conduct on this occasion, Wool was brev. maj.-gcri. May, 1848. In Jan. 1854 he received the thanks of Congress, and the present of a sword, for his services in Mexico. A valuable sword was also presented him by the N. Y. legisl. ; in 1856 he put an end to the Indian disturbances in Washington and Oregon Terri tories in a campaign of 3 months, and was recalled to the dept. of the East. Soon after the attack on Fort Sumter, he went to N.Y., and, by timely re-enforcements, saved Fortress Monroe from seizure by the Confederates. In Aug. he was sent to that post as com. of the dept. of Va., and led the exped. which occu pied Norfolk, May 10, 1862. Made maj.-gen. May 16, 1862. Placed at the head of the 8th army corps, Sept. 16, 1862. Gen. Wool was a rigid disciplinarian, and had no superior as an organizer of troops. Woolman, JOHN, Quaker preacher and author, b. Northampton, West Jcrsev, Aug. 1720; d. York, Eng., Oct. 7, 1772. "Charles Lamb, in one of the Essays of Elia, says, " Get the writings of John Woolman by heart, and love the early Quakers." These writings in clude " The Journal of his Lite and Travels in the Service of the Gospel ; " " Some Con siderations on the Keeping of Negroes " ( 1 753 ) ; " Considerations on Pure Wisdom and Human tr Policy, on Labor, on Schools, and on the Right Use of the Lord s Outward Gifts" ( 1768) ; and " Considerations on the True Harmony of Mankind " (1770). He worked on a farm till his 21st year, when he became clerk to a shopkeeper at Mount Holly. He at various times opened a school for poor children at Mt. Holly, and was disting. for purity and benevo lence. He afterward became a tailor ; and, feeling " a concern to visit Friends in some of the back settlements of Va.," he started on a tour with Isaac Andrews, March 12, 1746, and was so well pleased with his journey, that he afterward adopted itinerancy as a regular pur suit. He spoke and wrote frequently on the subject of slavery, desiring its extinction in all parts of the country. In June, 1763, he paid a visit to the Indians on the east branch of the Susquehanna; in 1772, after a long and debilitating sickness, he went to England, where, previous to his death, he attended a few meetings of his sect. His Journal was repub. by John G. Whittier in 1871. Woolsey, MELANCTHON BROOKS, comm. U.S.N., b. New York, Aug. 11, 181S. Mid- shipm. Dec. 24, 1832 ; licut. July 16, 1847 ; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866 ; com- mo. 187 1. While comg. steamer "Ellen" of the S. Atlantic squad., he took part in the en gagement at the Wapper- Creek battery, May 30,^1862 ; at Secessionville Creek, June 1, 186.2"; and co-operated with the army in the attempt to carry James-Island batteries by assault, June 3. Engaged in steamer "Princess Royal" of W. Gulf squad. (June 28, 1863) in defence of Donaldsonville and Ft. Butler against 3,000 Confeds. under Green and Taylor. DiedPen- sacola,Fla.,Oct.2, 1874. Woolsey, MELANCTHON TAYLOR, capt. U.S.N., b. N.Y. 1780; d. Utica, May 18, 1838. Son of Gen. M. Lloyd Woolsey, a Revol. offi cer, who died Trenton, N.Y., 29 June, 1819. After studying law, young Woolsey, April 9 1800, entered the navy as a midshipm. ; served in the W. Indies and Mediterranean ; was made woo 1006 Heut. Feb. 4, 1807 ; in 180S he was sent to the Lakes to superintend the construction of the armaments on those inland seas. During the war of 1812, he served with credit under Chauncey. July 24, 1813, he was made mast, com. ; capt. 27 Apr. 1816. In 1825-6 he com. the frigate " Constellation," attached to the W. India squadron; in 1826-7 had charge of the Pensacola navy-yard ; and performed his last semce on the coast of Brazil. Woolsey, THEODORE DWIGHT, D.D. (H.U. 1847), LL.D. (Wesl. U. 1845), scholar, pres. of Y.C. 1846-71, b. N. Y. City 31 Oct. 1801. Y.C. 1820; tutor there 1823-5. Pres. D wight was his maternal uncle. He studied at the Princeton Theol. Sem. ; was licensed to preach ; afterwards spent 3 years in Europe, studying the Greek language and literature in Germany, and was prof, of that branch at Yale in 1831-51 ; vice-pres. of the Oriental Soc., and a regent of the Smiths. Inst. He has pub. edi tions of the " Prometheus " of ./Eschylus, the " Antigone " and " Electra " of Sophocles, the " Alcestes " of Euripides, and the " Gorgias " of Plato. Author of inauguration discourse in 1846 on " College Education; " an hist, dis course at Yale, 1850; commemorative of President Day, Nov. 1867 ; In trod, to the Study of International Law, 1860; and essay on "Divorce and Divorce Legislation," 12mo, 1869. A frequent con t rib. to the New-Eng- landcr and other periodicals. Wooster, GEN. DAVID, Revol. officer, b. Stratford, Ct., 2 Mar. 1710; d. Danbury, Ct., 2 May, 1777. Y.C. 1738. He was made capt. of an armed vessel to protect the coast in 1 739 ; in the exped. against Louisburg in 1745 he com. the sloop-of-war " Connecticut," which conveyed the troops; was sent in com. of the cartel ship to Europe, but was not permitted to land in France. In England he was a favorite, was presented at court, and was made a capt. in Pepperrell s regt., receiving half-pay until 1774. App. col. 3d Ct.^Regt. in 1755 ; became a brig.-gen., and was in service in 1758-60. He was one of the originators of the exped. which captured Ticonderoga in Apr. 1775, and a member of the Ct. Assembly ; was made brig.- gen. in the Cont. army 22 June, 1775, and served in Canada, holding, for a time, the chief com. after the death of Montgomery. Resign ing soon after, he was made raaj.-gen. of the State militia, and, while opposing a force of the enemy under Tryon sent to destroy the public stores at Danbury, was mortally wounded 27 Apr. 1777, and died a few days later. In 1740 he m. the dau. of Pres. Thomas Clapp of Yale College. His grandson, an adm. in the Chilian navy, formerly of N.Y. City, and extensively engaged in privateering in the war of 1812-15, d. Monterey, Cal., in the autumn of 1848. Worcester, JOSEPH EMERSON, LL.D. (B.U. 1847 ; D.C. 1856), lexicographer, b. Beufbrd, N.H., Aug. 24, 1784; d. Cambridge, Ms., Oct. 27, 1865. Y.C, 1811. His great grandfather Rev. Francis v?2nt to Hollis, N.H., in 1750; pub. in Boston i.i 1760 a series of meditations in verse; d. 1783, a. 85. Joseph s early education was in Hollis, at Phillips Acad., and Andover. While teaching school at Salem, he wrote his " Geographical Dictionary, or Uni versal Gazeteer," 2 vols., Andover, 1817. His " Gazeteer of the U. S." appeared in 1818. Removing to Cambridge, he pub. in 1819 "Ele ments of Geography ; " " Epitome of Geogra phy," 1820; "Sketches of the Earth and its Inhabitants," 2 vols. 1823 ; "Elements of His tory," 1832; "Epitome of History," 1827; and "Outlines of Scripture Geography/ 1826-8. He pub. an edition of T odd s " Johnson and Walker" in 1827, and prepared an abridgment of Webster s "American Dictionary" in 1828. His " Pronouncing and Explanatory Diction ary " appeared in 1830. From Nov. 1830 to Sept. 1831 he was in Europe, engaged in philological studies. His " Universal and Crit ical Dictionary of the English Language, pub. in 1846, was afterward reprinted in Lon don without his consent. In 1855 he pub. a " Pronouncing and Synonymous Dictionary ; " and in 1860 he pub. his great "Dictionary of the English Language," 4to, Boston. Dr. W. also pub. a " Spelling-Book of the English Language; "" Remarks on Longevity," c. ; and was literary editor of the American Alma nac in 1831-43. He was a fellow of the Acad. of Sciences ; a corresp. member of the Ro^val Geog. Society, Lond. ; and a member of other learned bodies. Worcester, NOAH, D.D. (H.U. 1818), clergyman, founder of the Ms. Peace Society, b. Hollis, N.H., 25 Nov. 1758; d. Brighton, Ms., 31 Oct. 1837. Descended from William, first minister of Salisbury, Ms. He had a common-school education. ServedS campaigns in the Revol. army, being a fifer at Bunker s Hill, and a soldier at Bennington ; afterward taught school at Plymouth, N.H. ; removed to Thornton, N.H., and was a member of the legisl. Having in 1785 pub. a " Letter to Rev. John Murray " on his sermon on the Origin of Evil, he turned his attention to theology, and was ord. pastor at Thornton in 1787, making up the deficiency of his salary ($200) by farming and shoemaking. In 1802 he was employed by the N. H. Missionary Soc. la Feb. 1810 he removed to Salisbury, N.H. ; in 1813 to Brighton, Ms. Edited the Christian Disciple in 1813-19, and the Friend of Peace 1819-29. He pub. in 1815 "A Solemn Re view of the Custom of War ; " founded the Peace Society in Jan. 1816, and was app. sec. The Hopkinsian Assoc., of which he was a member, formally condemned his book, " Bible News;" and in Nov. 1810 he pub. his address on the Trinity. He also pub. " Friend of Youth," c., 1823; "The Atoning Sacrifice," 1829; "Causes and Evils of Contention among Christians," 1831 ; "Last Thoughts on Important Subjects," 1833; besides many pamphlets, sermons, and treatises. See Me moirs by H. Ware,jun., 1844; and Tribute by Win. E. Charming, D.D., 1837. Worcester, SAMUEL, D.D., clergyman, bro. of Noah, b. Hollis, N.H., Nov. 1, 1770; d. Brainerd, Tenn., June 7, 1821. Dartm. Coll. 1795. Pastor of the church in Fitch- burg, Ms., 1797-1802, and of the Tabernacle Church, Salem, from 1803 till his d. ; corresp. sec. of the Board of Foreign Missions in 1810. He pub. 3 orations ; 6 sermons on Future Pun ishment (1800) ; 3 letters to Dr. Channing on WOR, 1007 WRI Unitarianism, 1815; Watts s entire and select hymns, 1818; and occasional sermons, reports, reviews, essays, . A vol. of his sermons ap peared in 1823. His son SAMUEL MELANC- THON, D.D. (Amh. 1847), b. Fitchburg, Sept. 4, 1801, d. Boston, Aug. 16, 1866. H.U. 1 822. Some years prof, of rhetoric and oratory in Amh. Coll., and then pastor of the Taber nacle Church, Salem. He pub. " Life and La bors of Rev. Samuel Worcester," 2 vols. 12mo, 1852 ; "Essays on Slavery by Vigor- nius,"1826; "Memorial of the Tabernacle, Scilem," 1855. Worden, JOHN LORIMER, commo. U.S.N., b. Mt. Pleasant, Westchester Co., N.Y., Mar. 12, 1817. Midshipm. Jan. 12, 1835 ; lieut. Nov. 30, 1845; com. July 12, 1862; capt. Feb. 3, 1863; com. May 27, 1863. Sent with de spatches to Fort Pickens in Apr. 1861, he was arrested while returning, and kept in prison 7 months. He com. the iron-clad "Monitor" in her famous engagement with the iron-clad "Merrimack,"in Hampton Roads, Mar. 9, 1862. The latter, partially disabled, retreated to Sew- ell s Point. Capt. W. s eyes were severely injured by the explosion of a shell from " The Merrimack," upon the eye-hole of the pilot house. In com. of the iron-clad " Montauk," of the S.A.B. squad, he engaged Fort Mac- Allister, Jan. 27, 1863, and Feb. 1, 1863; at tacked and destroyed the privateer "Nashville," under the guns of that fort, Feb. 28, 1863 ; and was in the attack of Charleston, under Dupont, Apr. 7, 1863. Superint. U. S. Naval Acad. since 1 Dec. 1869. Hamersly. Wormeley, MART ELIZABETH (now Mrs. LATIMER), novelist, b. London, 26 July, 1822 ; has resided many years in Newport, R.I. Her father, Rear-Admiral Ralph Randolph W. (b. Va. 29 Oct. 1785, d. Utica, N.Y., 26 June, 1852), was grandson, on the mother s side, of Atty.-Gen. John Randolph, a loyalist. Oct. 3, 1820, he m. Caroline Preble of Boston. Miss W. pub. "Forest Hill," 3 vols. Lond., 1846; "Annabel, a Family History," N.Y., 1853; "Our Cousin Veronica," N.Y., 1856; and has contrib. to magazines. She was subsequently m. to Randolph Latimer of Baltimore. Her sister KATHERINE PRESCOTT (b. 14 Jan. 1830) was during the civil war one of the most en thusiastic supporters of the Sanitary Commis sion. In 1862-3 she was supt. of the woman s dept. of the Lowell General Hospital at Ports mouth Grove, Rhode Island. Preble Family. Worth, JONATHAN, gov. of N.C. 1865-8; d. Raleigh, N.C., Sept. 5, 1869, a. ab. 72. Member of the N.C. legisl. in 1829-34, and in 1831, during the nullification excitement, de nounced it in the strongest terms. He opposed the sc-ceanon movement vigorously, and, during the war, was a strong Unionist. Worth, GEN. WLLIAM JENKINS, b. Hud son, N.Y., 1 Mar. 1794 ; d. San Antonio, Tex., 7 May >} 1849. With a plain education, he be gan life a trader s clerk in Hudson. App. 19 May, 1813, lieut. 23d U. S. Inf., he highly disting. himself at Chippewa and at Niagara (25 July, 1814), where he was severely wound ed; was com. of cadets at West Point 1820-8 ; maj. ordnance corps 30 May, 1832; col. 8th Inf. 7 July, 1838 ; served in the war against the Seminole Indians 1 840-2 ; com. the army in Fla. May, 1841, to Aug. 1842, and engaged in attack of Halleck Tustenuggee s band at Pilaklikaha, 19 Apr. 1842; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 1 Mar. 1842 for gallantry and high ly disting. services in Fla. war ; com. brigade 1846-7, and division 1847-8, in the war with Mexico, and engaged in the capture of Monte rey and Vcra Cruz, battles of Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, Chapultepec, and assault and%capture of city of Mexico, 13-14 Sept. 1847; and, 23 Sept. 1846 )> brev. maj.-gen. for Monterey, and presented with a sword of honor by Congress, also by the States of N.Y. and La., and by his native county, Columbia. A fine monument has been erected to his mem ory by the city of N.Y. at the junction of Broadway and Fifth Avenue. Brave, chival rous, and a good tactician, his manners were popular, and his presence imposing. Worthington, ERASTUS, lawyer and poli tician, b. Belchertown, Ms., Oct. 8, 1779; d. Dedham, June 27, 1842; Wms. Coll. 1804. He practised law at Dedham in 1809-25, and was a member of the Gen. Court 1814-15. He pub. an Oration at Dedhara, July 4, 1803; "History of Dedham 1635-1827," 8vo, 1827. Worthington, THOMAS, gov. of Ohio 1814-18, b. near Charleston, Va., July 16, 1773; d. N. Y. City 20 June, 1827. He re ceived a good education, but was a common sailor in 1790-3; removed to the N.W. Terr, in 1798 ; was a member from Ross County of the Terr, legisl. in 1799-1801, of the Const. Conv. of 1802; was U. S. senator in 1803-7 and 1810-14, and canal commiss. 1822-7. A. T. Goodman. Wragg, WILLIAM, a talented and eloquent lawyer of S.C., b. 1714; d. Sept. 1777. Of Huguenot descent. Educated in Eng. ; many years a member of the S.C. Assembly, and in 1753 of the council. In 1769 he declined the office of chief justice. His sense of duty pre vented his espousing the cause of independence. Embarking for Eng., he was shipwrecked and lost on the coast of Holland : his infant son was saved. A monument in Westminster Ab bey depicts this event. He pub. " Reasons, for not concurring in the Non-Importation Reso lution," 1769. Wrangel, VON (fon vrang -gel), FERDI NAND PETROVITCH, baron, a Russian admiral and navigator of Swedish extraction, b. Es- thonia, 1795. App. in 1820 com. of an exploring exped. to the Arctic Sea, he travelled on th j ice in sledges as far north as 72 2 . In 1 829 he be came gov. of the Russian Possessions in Ameri ca, and in 1847 vice-admiral ; in 1849 he retired from service, and has since been director of tlu trading co. in the Russian Possessions. Au thor of "Journey from Sitka to St. Petersburg," 1836 ; " Statistical and Ethnographical Nodcas on the Russian Possessions in America," 1839; and "Journey on the Northern Coasts of Si beria and the Icy Sea," 1841. Wright, ELIZUR, author and journalist, b. South Canaan, Ct., Feb. 12, 1804. Y.C. 1826. Elizur his father d. Talmadge, 0., 1845, a. 83. He lived on a farm in Ohio in 1810-22, and, after leaving college, taught in the Lawrence Acad., Groton, two years. In 1829-33 he was 1008 WRI Erof. of mathematics and nat. philos. in "W. Us. Coll., Hudson, O. In 1833 he ^ became set-, of the Amer. Antislavery Society in N.Y., editing Human Rights 1834-5, and the Quar terly Antislavery May., until his removal to Boston in 1838; in Apr. 1839 he became edi tor of the ^fs. Abolitionist. In 1846 he estab lished the Chronotype newspaper, and was for some time editor of the Commonwealth, into which it was merged in 1850. Ins. commiss. of Ms. 1858-66. He has pub. a translation in verse of La. Fontaine s " Fables," 2 vols. 8vo, Lond. 1843; 1vol. 8vo, Boston, 1846; "A Curiosity of Law," &c., 1865. Antislavery pamphlets, articles in Atlantic Monthly, &c. Wright, FRANCES (D ARUSMONT), reform er, b. Dundee, Scotland, Sept. 6, 1795; d. Cin cinnati, Dec. 14, 1852. The intimacy of her father with Adam Smith, Dr. Cullen, and oth er eminent literary and scientific men of his day, was probably the cause of her becoming a propagandist of social and political novelties. At the a^e of 18 she wrote "A Few Days in Athens," in which she defended the opinions and character of Epicurus. In 1818-21 she visited America, and pub. "Views on Socie ty and Manners in America." She afterwards visited Paris on the invitation of Lafayette. After her return to America in 1825, she pur chased 2,000 acres of land in Tenn. (subse quently the site of Memphis ), and peopled it with a number of slave families whom she had redeemed, but who were subsequently removed to Hayti. In 1 833-6 she lectured publicly on slavery and other social topics, with great suc cess, in all the principal cities of the Union, in curring, however, the hostility of the press and the clergy by the freedom with which she spoke of matters both of Church and State. She then joined Robert Owen at New Harmony, editing the Gazette, and lecturing in behalf of the en terprise, but with small success. About 1838, while on another visit to France, she m. M. D Arusmont, from whom she soon separated, subsequently residing in America with an only dau., the fruit of her marriage. She was an eccentric and daring woman, and full of be nevolent enthusiasm. Her other publications were " Altorf," a tragedy, 1819 ; "Lectures on Free Inquiry, Religion, Morals, Opinions," &c., 1 836. Her biography was pub. by John Windt, 1344; and by Amos Gilbert, 8vo, Cin. 1855. Wright, GEN. GEORGE, b. Vt. 1803; drowned 30 July, 1865, in the wreck of steamer " Brother Jonathan." West Point (lieut. 3d Inf.), 1822. Adj. Jan. 1831-6; capt. 30 Oct. 1336; brev. maj. for meritorious conduct in the Florida war March 15, 1842; brev. lieut.-col. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco 20 Aug. 1 847 ; com. the storming-party and brev. col. for gallantry at Molino del Roy 8 Sept. 1847, in which he was wounded; maj. 4th Inf. Jai^l, 1848; col. 9th Inf. Mar. 3, 1855; greatly disting. in campaigns against the Indians of Wash. Ten\ Mar. 1856 and Sept. 1858; brig.- gcn. of vols. Sept. 28, 1861 ; and com. the dept. of the Pacific, Oct. 1861 to July, 1864, and the district of California 1864-5. Wright, HENRY C., lecturer on antislavery, socialism, and spiritualism, b. 29 Aug. 1797; d Pawtucket, R.I., Aug. 16, 1870. Author of "Marriage and Parentage," 12mo, 1855; "Mankilling by Nations and Individuals Wrong, "_ 1841 ; " A Kiss for a Blow," 1843 ; " Defensive War a Denial of Christianity," 1846 ; " Human Life Illustrated," 1849 ; " An thropology, or the Science of Man," 1850; "The Living Present and the Dead Past," 1865. Wright, HORATIO GATES, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ct. about 1820. West Point, 1841. App. 2d licut. of engrs. ; assist, prof, of eng. at West Point, Jan. 1842-July, 1844; 1st lieut. 28 Feb. 1848; capt. 1 July, 1855; maj. 6 Aug. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 23 Nov. 1885 ; brig.-gcn. vols. 14 Sept. 1861; maj.-gen. 18 July, 1862. Chief engineer of Heintzelman s div. at Bull Run, 21 July, 1861 ; com. 2d brigade in the Port-Royal expod. ; com. the exped. (27 Feb. 1862) that captured Fcrnandina, Fla. ; com. a division in the attack on Secessionville, S.C., 16 June, 1862; assigned to com. the dept. of the Ohio 18 July, 1862; com. a division, Army of the Potomac, in passage of the Rappahannock and at Gettysburg; com. 6th corps at Rappah]in- nock Station 7 Nov. 1863, and brev. lieut.- col. ; com. 6th corps in Richmond campaign, and wounded at Spottsylvania, and brev. col. 12 May, 1864 ; engaged in defence of the capi tal in July, and in the Shenandoah campaign Aug.-Dec. 1 864, and wounded at Cedar Creek ; and finally at the siege of Petersburg, and operations ending in Lee s surrender. Brev. brig.-gcn. and maj.-gen. 13 March, 1865, for Cold Harbor and capture of Petersburg. Cullum. Wright, SIR JAMES, last royal gov. of Ga., b. Charleston, S.C.; d. Eng. 1786. His father Robert was chief justice of S.C. at his decease. The son practised law in Charleston, and was afterward agent of the Province of S.C. in Great Britain, and atty.-gen. May 13, 1760, he was app. chief justice and lieut.-gov. ; in 1764 he received the appointment of gov. ; and Dec. 8, 1772, was created a baronet. His long administration was disting. by wisdom and prudence; and the Colony nourished. He was, however, avaricious, and devoted to the wishes of the king. At the commencement of the Revol. a contest was kept up by him and the popular leaders until Jan. 1776, when he was imprisoned, but soon aftenvards escaped. He returned in July, 1779, and resumed the govt. ; but the royal authority soon ceased, the large estates acquired by him in Ga. were con fiscated, and Sir James retired to England. His son JAMES succeeded to the baronetcy, and d. in 1816. He served with the Ga. Royalists at the siege of Savannah. Wright, JOHN C., jurist, b. 1783 ; d. Wash ington, D.C., Fcb.^ 13, 1861, while a delegate to the Peace Convention. He settled early at Stcu- benville, O. ; soon attained eminence at the bar ; was many years on the supreme bench; M.C. 1823-9 ; and was long editor and owner of the Cincinnati Gazette. His reported decisions are in high repute in the West. He pub. Sup. Court Reports, Ohio, 1831-4, 8vo, 1835. Lanman. Wright, JOSEPH, portrait-painter, b. Bor- dentown, N. J., 1756; d.Phila. 1793 of yellow- fever. Patience Wright, his mother, excelled 1009 in modelling wax miniature-heads. The fami ly went to Eng. in 1772. Here the young ar tist painted the Prince of Wales; afterward pursued his studies in Paris under the care of Dr. Franklin; and on his return narrowly escaped with his life from shipwreck. In the autumn of 1783 he painted a three-quarter- length portrait of Washington ; afterwards painted another for the Count de Solms ; and, still later, a miniature-profile from life. App. by Washington first draughtsman and die- sinker in the U.S. mint. The first coins and medals of the U.S. were his handiwork. Tuckerraan. Wright, JOSEPH A., statesman, b. Pa. 17 April, 1810; d. Berlin, Prussia, May 11, 1867. His educational advantages were limited. Early in life he settled in Ind. ; came to the bar in 1829 ; soon rose in the profession ; in 1833 be came a member of the State legisl. ; State sen ator in 1840; M.C. 1843-5; gov. of Indiana 1849-57; minister to Prussia 1 857-61 ; U.S. senator in 1861-2; U.S. commiss. to the Ham burg Exhibition in 1863; and a second time minister to Prussia, from 1865 until his death. Wright, NATHANIEL H., poet, b. Concord, Ms., 1787; d. Boston, May 13, 1824. Edu cated as a printer in Boston, where he edited the Kaleidoscope. Pub. " Fall of Palmyra," a poem; and "Boston," or a touch at the times, a small pamphlet. Wright, EGBERT, gov. of Md. in 1805-9, b. Kent Co., Md.; d. Sept. 7, 1826. U.S. sen ator 1801-6; at one time a member of the exec, council ; and was M.C. in 1810-17 and 1821-3. Wright, ROBERT E., counsellor-at-law, b. Allentown, Pa., 1810. Author of "Law of Aldermen and Justices," 1839 ; " Law of Con stables," 1840; "Pa. Digest, 1836-41," 8vo, 1842; Pa. Sup. Ct. Reports, 1860-5, 8vo, 14 vols. ; essays on Constitutional Reform, an Elective Judiciary, Reform in our Postal Po litical System, &c. Allibone. Wright, SILAS, statesman, b. Amherst, Ms., May 24, 1795 ; d. Canton, N.Y., Aug. 27, 1847. Mid. Coll. 1815. Adm. to the bar in 1819, he established himself as an attorney at Canton. In 1820 he was app. surrogate of the county. In 1823 he became a member of the State senate, and an opponent of De Witt Clin ton; M.C. in 1827-9, voted for the protective tariff of 1828, and for an inquiry into the ex pediency of abolishing slavery in the Dist. of Col. ; comptroller of N.Y. 1829-33 ; U.S. sen ator 1833-44, supported Mr. Clay s compromise bill in 1833, defended Pres. Jackson s removal of the deposits, opposed the recharter of the U.S. Bank, voted against receiving a petition for abolishing slavery in the Dist. of Col., voted for the tariff of 1842 and for the an nexation of Texas. He refused to be made a justice of the U.S. Sup. Court, and in 1844 declined the nomination to the vice-presidency. In 1844 he was chosen gov. of N.Y. ; in 1845 he declined the office of sec. of the treasury. On leaving the gov. s chair, Mr. Wright re turned to his little farm of 30 acres at Canton, whose cultivation with his own hands had al ways been a favorite pursuit. He was a man of clear and powerful mind, and thoroughly 64 informed upon public affairs. See his Lift and Times by Jabez D. Hammond, 8vo, 1848. Wright, WILLIAM, senator, b. Clarkstown, N.Y., 1794; d. Newark, N.J., Nov. 1, 1866. The death of his father, Dr. William Wright, compelled him to abandon the design of a col lege education ; and he learned the trade of harness-making, in which he eventually made a large fortune, having in 1821 established him self in Newark. He was a volunteer for the defence of Stonington, Ct., in the war of 1812 ; was mayor of Newark in 1 840-3 ; was a warm political friend of Henry Clay; M.C. in 1843- 7 ; changed his politics in 1851 ; was a Democ. U.S. senator in 1853-9, and re-elected in 1863 ; and was chairman of the committee on manu factures. Wyatt, SIB FRANCIS, gov. of Va. 1621- 6 and 1639-41 ; d. Bexley, Kent, Eng., 1644. Son of George, who d. in Ireland 1625. Dur ing his administration, the Indians began (22 Mar. 1622) to execute a plot to exterminate the English, which was followed by a sangui nary war ; and the first courts were estab lished in the Colony. Wylie, ANDREW, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1825), educator, b. Washington Co., Pa., Apr. 12, 1789; d. Bloomington, Ind., Nov. 11, 1851. Jeff. Coll. 1810. In 1812 he was licensed as a Presb. preacher; was pres. of Jeff. Coll. in 1812-16. In 1817 he became pres. of Wash ington Coll., taking charge at the same time of a cong. 7 miles distant ; and from 1828 to his death was pres. of the coll. at Bloomington ; in Dec. 1841 he took orders in the Epis. Church. He pub. "English Grammar," 1822; "Sec tarianism is Heresy," 1840; "Eulogy on La fayette," 1834 ; and addresses and sermons. Wylie. SAMUEL BROWN, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 1817), 51- years pastor of the First Ref. Church, Phila.; d. there 14 Oct. 1852; b. near Ballymena, Ireland, 21 May, 1773. U. of Glasg. 1797. Came to Phila. in 1797 ; prof, in Theol. Sem. of R. P. Church 1809-51; prof, of ancient languages in the U. of Pa. 1828-45, and an eminent Oriental and classical scholar ; vice-provost of the U. Pa. 1838-45. Author of " The Faithful Witness," 1804 ; Covenant ing, 1803 ; " Greek Grammar," 1838 ; " Life of Rev. Alexander McLeod, D.D.," 8vo, 1855. Co-editor Presbyterian Mag. 1821-2 ; contrib. to periodicals. Wylie, THEODORE W. J., D.D. (U. of N.Y. 1859), son of S.B., b. Phila. 1818. U. of Pa. 1836. Assoc. pastor 1st Ref. Presb. Church 1843-52, and pastor since that date; prof. Theol. Sem. Ref. Pr. Church 1847-51, 1854-7, 1859-69. Author of English, Latin, and Greek Vocab., 1839 ; " The God of Our Fathers," 1854 ; " Washington a Christian," 1862. Edi tor Juv. Missionary Intellig., 1835-7 ; Missionary Advocate, 1838-41 ; Banner of the Covenant, 1845-55.- Allibone. Wyllys, GEORGE, of Fenny Compton, Co. Warwick, came to. Hartford in 1638; was an assist, in 1639; dep.-gov. 1641; gov. 1642; d. 9 Mar. 1645. His son SAMUEL (b. 1632; d. 30 May, 1709; H.U. 1653) was an assist. 1654-84. "HEZEKIAH, son of Samuel, sec. of the Colony of Ct. 1712-34, d. 24 Dec. 1741. GEORGE, son of Hez, (b. 6 Oct. 1710; d. 24 1010 Y-AJL, Apr. 1796; Y.C. 1729), succeeded his father as sec. (1734-95). Wyllys, GEN. SAMUEL, Revol. patriot, b. Hartford, Jan. 15, 1739 ; d. there June 9, 1823. Y.C. 1758. Son of Sec. George. In 1775 he was lieut.-col. of Spencer s regt. ; was col. of a regt. at the siege of Boston ; app. col. in the Cont. line in Jan. 1776, serving with repute throughout the war. He afterward became raaj.-gen. of militia; member of the Ct. Acad. of Arts and Sciences ; and succeeded his father and grandfather as sec. of State, which post he resigned in 1809. The 3 held this office 98 years in succession. Wyman, JEFFRIES, M.D., anatomist, b. Chelmsford, Ms., Aug. 11, 1814. H.U. 1833 ; Harv. Med. Coll. 1837. During a two-years visit to Europe, he studied medicine in the hos pitals of Paris, and nat. history in the Jardin des Plantes. In 1843-7 he filled the chair of anatomy in Hamp. Sid. Coll.^Va. ; and was Hersey professor of anatomy in H.U., and prof, of comp. anatomy in the Lawrence Scient. School. He published " Twelve Lectures on Comparative Physiology," delivered before the Lowell Inst., Boston, 1849; also various articles in the Jour, of Science, " Smithsonian Contribs. to Knowledge," Boston Jour, of Nat. Hist., and the " Proceedings of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist.," of which association he was made pres. in 1856; d. Bethlehem, N.H., Sep. 4, 1874. Wynne, JAMES, M.D. (U. of N.Y. 1835), LL.D., b. Utica, N.Y., 1814. A lineal de scendant of Sir John of Gwydyr. He prac tised medicine at Baltimore, and afterward in N.Y. Author of " Memoir of Major Samuel Ringgold," 1847 ; " Lives of Eminent Literary and Scient. Men of America," 1850; "Vital Statistics of the U.S.," 1857 ; " Importance of the Study of Legal Medicine," 1859 ; " Private Libraries of New York ; " " Report on the Asiatic Cholera in the U.S.," 1849, prep, for the British govt., which in 1858 rewarded him with a gold medal ; reports, med. papers, &c. Allibone. Wynne, JOHN HUDDLESTONE, author, b. S. Wales 1743; d. St. Thomas s Hospital, Lond., Oct. 1788. Author of a " General His tory of the British Empire in America," 2 vols. 8vo, 1770; "History of Ireland," 1773; "Fa bles of Flowers," &c. Wynn, GEN. RICHARD, b. Va. ; d. Tenn. soon after 1813. Entering the service early, he was in 1775 lieut. of S. C. Rangers ; served in the battle on Sullivan s Island ; was in com. of Fort Mclntosh, Ga. ; was subsequently pro moted to col., and com. the militia of F airfield dist., S. C. ; was with Sumter at Hanging Rock, where he was wounded ; was active dur ing the remainder of the war ; and at its close was app. a brig., and finally a maj.-gen. of miliria. M.C. 1793-7 and 1802-13. Wynn, GEX. THOMAS, Revol. officer, b. Hartford Co., N.C. ; d. there 3 June, 1825. A planter by occupation. He se**ved many years in the State legisl., was a member of the exec, council, gen. of militia, and M.C. 1803-7. Wythe, GEORGE, statesman and jurist, and a signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Elizabeth City, Va., 1728; d. Richmond, June 8, 1806. Wm. ai.d Mary Coll. Educated chiefiv under the supervision of his mother, a woman of uncommon knowledge, and strength of mind. The death of both parents before he was 21, and the uncontrolled possession of a large for tune, led him for some time into a career of ex travagance and dissipation. At the age of 30, however, his conduct underwent an entire change : he gave his assiduous attention to the study of law; was adm. to the bar in 1757, where his learning, industry, and eloquence made him eminent. As early as 1758, and for several years previous to the Revol., he was a prominent member of the house of burgesses as the representative of Wm. and Mary Coll., of which he was prof, of law in 1779-89. In 1764 he drew up a strong remonstrance to the house of commons against the Stamp Act, the tone of which was greatly modified by the As sembly. In Aug. 1775, he was app. a deleg. to Congress, of which he was an influential mem ber until 1777. In Nov. 1776 he was app., with Jefferson (who had been his pupil in the law) and others, to revise the laws of Va., in which they made important changes. In 1777 he was chosen speaker of the house of delegates, and was app. judge of the High Court of Chancery of the State. On the re-organization of the Court of Equity, he was app. sole chan cellor, which station he filled more than 20 years. In 1788 he was a member of the Va. Conv. which ratified the Federal Constitution, during the debates, generally acting as chair man, and was a strenuous advocate of the in strument adopted. His death was occasioned by poison ; but the person suspected was ac quitted by a jury. In the latter part of his life he emancipated his slaves, and furnished them means of subsistence. Author of " Decisions by the High Court of Chancery," &c., 1795 ; second ed., with Memoir by B. B. Minor, 8vo, 1852. LL.D. (Wm. and Mary Coll. 1790). Xeres (ha -rCs), FRANQOIS DE, historian of the conquest of Peru, and one of the con querors, b. Seville. His History, pub. by order of Pizarro (whose secretary he was), in folio, Salamanca, 1547, was written in Caxamarca, and, though partial, is full of interest. Ximenes de Quesada (ze-mee -nez da ka-sa -da), GONZALO, a Spanish explorer and captain, b. Granada ab. 1495 ; d. 1546. He com. a party which ab. 1532 began to explore the region since called New Granada; and founded, in 1638, Santa Fe de Bogota. Yale, CYRUS, minister of New Hartford 1814-54 (excepting in 1834-7, when he was settled at Ware), b. Lee, Ms., 17 May, 1786 ; d. 21 May, 1854. Wms. Coll. 1811. *He was zealous in the cause of peace and temperance. He pub. a "Memoir of Rev. J. Hal lock," 1628; " Sketches of Ministers of Litchf. County," 1852 ; and some sermons. Yale, ELIHU, principal benefactor of Yale Coll., b. New Haven, Apr. 5, 1648 ; d. Lond. July 22, 1721. His father Thomas came to N. Haven with the first colonists in 1638, but returned with his family in 1658. At the age of 10 he went to Eng., where he was educated ; and ab. 1678 removed to the E. Indies, where he resided 20 years, and acquired a very large estate. He first introduced auctions into Eng ab. 1700, on goods brought home by him from 1011 YOR Fort George in the E. Indies, of which place he had been gov. in 1687-92. He m. a native of the E. Indies, by whom he had three daugh ters. The close of 1m life he passed in Eng., where he was made gov. of the E. I. Company, and a fellow of the Royal Society. His dona tions to Yale Coll. amounted to about 400 sterling. Gen. Reg., iv. 245. Yancey, WILLIAM LOWNDES, politician, b. Ogeechee Shoals, Ga., Aug. 10, 1814; d. near Montgomery, Ala., July 28, 1863. He went to Ala. while young ; studied law ; was adm. to the bar at Montgomery, near which city he afterward resided. Edited the Cahawba Democrat and Welumpka An/us ; served in both branches of the State legisl. ; and was M.C. in 1844-7. Resuming practice in Ala., he was a member of the Nat. Democ. Conv. at Balti more in May, 1848, a zealous opponent of the compromise* measures of 1850, and was one of the leaders of the extreme party in the South. In a letter written in June, 1858, and pub. in 1860, he advised the organization of commit tees of safety in all the cotton States to " fire the Southern heart," and ultimately to pre cipitate the cotton States into revol. Member of the Democ. Conv. at Charleston Apr. 23, 1860, and withdrew with other Southern ex tremists. In the seceding convention he aided in the nomination of Mr. Breckenridge, and advocated his election before the people. In the Ala. Conv., which met at Montgomery, Jan. 7, 1861, he reported the ordinance of seces sion, which was passed Jan. 14 ; Feb. 27 he was made a commiss. to the govts. of Europe to obtain the recognition of the Confed. States, and left New York in March. Returning in Feb. 1862, he was a member of the Confed. Congress until his death. Yates, JOSEPH C., judge of the Supreme Court of N.Y. 1808-22, gov. of N.Y. 1823-5, b. Schenectady, N.Y., 9 Nov. 1768; d. there March 19, 1837. Son of Col. Christopher. Studied and practised law at S. ; a founder of Union Coll. 1795; mayor of S. 1798-1808; State senator 1806-7. Yates, RICHARD, lawyer, and a prominent Repub. politician, b. Warsaw, Ky., Jan. 18, 1818. He removed to Illinois; grad. at 111. Coll., and practised law. Often a member of the State legist.; M.C. 1851-5; gov. of 111. 1861-5; active in raising vols. in defence of the Union ; U. S. senator 1865-71 ; delegate to the Phila. Conv. of 1866; d. St. Louis, Nov. 27, 1873. Yates, ROBERT, jurist and statesman, b. Schenectady, N.Y., Jan. 27, 1738 ; d. Albany, Sept. 9, 1801. He received a classical educa tion in N.Y. City; studied law; and in 1760 was adm. to practice at Albany, where he at tained eminence in the profession. During the early stages of the Revol., several well-written essays established his reputation as a writer in defence of the rights and liberties of his coun try. A prominent member of the com. of safety ; chairman of the com. of miiit. opera tions 1776-7; member of the Prov. Congress of New York, and of the conv. that framed the State constitution in 1777; judge of the Su preme Court 1777-90; chief justice 1790-8, and eminent foi his moderation and impartial- itv ; member of he conv. that formed the Con stitution of the U.S., which he opposed; and to his labors we are indebted for the preservation of its debates, pub. by his widow, 12mo, 1839. A member also of the State Convention which adopted the Constitution. Soon after this period, he was commissioned to treat with the States of Ms. and Ct. on the subject of terri tory, and to settle the claims of N.Y. against the State of Vt. Yeadon, RICHARD, lawyer and journalist, b. Charleston, S.C., 23 Oct. 1802; d. there 25 Apr. 1870. S.C. Coll. Adm. to the bar, but became interested in politics, and wrote for the Political Gazette. He was many years ed. and prop, of the Charleston Courier. Several years a member of the State legisl., and filled various public offices. He accumulated wealth from his law practice and from his paper, much of which he used in charity. Yeamans, SIR JOHN, gov. of S. C. in 1671-4, b. Bristol, England; d.Barbadoes. He emig. to Barbadoes ; and in 1665 was one of the settlers of Clarendon Co., S.C., and first introduced slaves into Carolina, previous to which the laborers were Europeans. He at first ruled with prudence and moderation, but became violent, unjust, and tyrannical, and was removed from office. Yeardley, SIR GEORGE, gov. of Va. 1616, 1619-21, and 1625 ; d. 1627. In 1619 the first Gen. Assembly met in Va. ; and, during his administration/many important improvements were made, and the power, population, and respectability of the Colony much increased. He was at one time a member of the council. Yeates, JASPER, judge of the Sup. Court of Pa. from 1791 to his d., Lancaster, Pa., Mar. 14, 1817. Member of the Lancaster Co. com. of corresp. in 1774, and of the conv. which rati fied the U. S. Constitution in 1788. He pub. " Reports of Cases in the Sup. Court of Pa. 1791-1808," Phila., 4 vols. 8vo, 1817-19. Yell, COL. ARCHIBALD, b. Ky. 1797; killed in battle of Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 1847. Judge of Ark. Terr. ; M. C. from Ark. 1837-9 and 1845-7 ; gov. 1840-4 ; col. Ark. volunteer cav. July, 1846. Yeo, SIR JAMES LUCAS, who com. the British fleet on the Lakes in the war of 1812, b. Southampton, Eng., 1782 ; d. 1818. Enter ing the navy at an early age, he earned his promotion to com. by a gallant exploit, storm ing the fort of El Muros, and capturing and bringing off every vessel in the port. His cap ture of Cayenne, for which he was made posc- capt., and his services on the American Lakes, gained him high consideration. Morgan. Yoakum, COL. HENDERSON K., b. Clai- borne Co., Tenn., 1810; d. Houston, Texas, Nov. 29, 1856. West Point, 1832. He entered the 3d Art., but resigned 31 Mar. 1833 ; was a lawyer in Tenn. in 1835-45; a member of the State senate in 1839, and removed to Texas in 1845. He served as 1st lieut. Hay s Texan Rangers in Mexican war, June, 1846 ; lawyer at Huntsville, Tex., 1846-56. Author of "A History of Texas, 1685-1845," 2 vols. 8vo 1855. "Contributed also to periodicals. Yorke, COL. JOHN, a British officer serv ing in the Amer. Revol. war, b. May, 1 745 ; d 1825. Maj. 33d Regt. 8 Aug. 1776 ; lieut.-col. iTOTJ 1012 1779; col. 19 Mar. 1783. Disting. in Corn- tvallis s campaigns ; M.P. for Reading ; dep.- lieut. of the Tower from Mar. 1794 to his death. Youmans, EDWARD LIVINGSTON, author and lecturer, b. Albany Co., N.Y., 1821. M.D. U. of Vt. ; prof, of chemistry Antioch Coll. since 1866. In his early youth he was some years deprived of eyesight, but eventually be came a proficient in chemistry. He pub. " Chemical Chart of Colored Diagrams," 1851; "Class-Book of Chemistry," 1852; "Atlas of Chemistry," 1854; "Alcohol and the Constitution of Man," 1855; "Handbook of Household Science," 1857 ; " Correlation and Conservation of Forces," 1864; "Obser vations on the Scient. Study of Human Na ture," 1866; "The Culture demanded by Modern Life," 1867. Editor of Herbert Spen cer s works. Contrib. to scient. periodicals. Young, ALEXANDER, D.D. (H.U. 1846), Unitarian clergyman and historian, b. Boston, Sept. 22, 1800; d. there Mar. 16, 1854. H.U. 1820. The son of a printer. Jan. 19, 1825, he was settled pastor of the Sixth (New South) Church, Boston. Besides a vol. of occas. dis courses, Dr. Young pub. in 1839 a series of 9 vols., entitled the " Old English Prose Wri ters;" "Discourse on the Life and Character of Nathaniel Bowditch," 1838; "Chronicles of the Pilgrim Fathers of the Colony of Plym outh," 1841; and "Chronicles of the First Planters of the Colony of Ms. Bay from 1623 to 1636," 1846. Young, BRIGHAM, high priest of the Mormons, b. Whittingham, Vt., 1 June, 1801. In 1832 he joined the Mormons at Kirtland, O. ; soon became influential by his shrewdness and energy ; was one of the 12 apostles sent out to make converts in 1835 ; and on the death of Joe Smith in June, 1844, was chosen pres. and prophet. With most of the sect, he abandoned Nauvoo early in 1846; persuaded his followers that the Salt-Lake Valley was the Promised Land, and founded there, in July, 1847, Salt- Lake City. In the spring of 1849, having greatly increased by emigration, they.organizsd a State they called Dcseret ; but Congress or ganized it as the Terr, of Utah, of which Young was U.S. gov. in 1850-4. The Mormons hav ing defied the Federal govt., Pres. Buchanan in 1857 sent a force of 2,500 men to enforce its authority; and in 1858 a compromise ended the imbroglio. Brigham has 12 actual wives, besides many who have been " sealed to him" as his spiritual wives. As the head of the Mormon Church, he was long de facto gov. of the Terr., and is "president" by semi-annual vivu-voce election ; d. Salt Lake, Aug. 29, 1877. Young, J. HARVEY, portrait-painter of Boston, b. Salem, Ms., 14 June, 1830. He studied under John Pope, and, opening a studio, worked on portraits at five dollars a head. For t years he was an architect, and was engaged in mercantile business in N.II. and in Phila., but in 1858 settled permanently in Boston, soon acquiring reputation. Among his best known portraits are those of Edward Everett, William Warren, comedian, Wm. H. Prescott, and Horace Mann, Maj. Camp the knightly soldier, Chaplain Fuller, Col. Ellsworth, and Sergeant Prownell. Mr. Young married in 1855. Young, REV. JACOB, Meth. preacher, b, Alleghany Co., Pa., March 19, 1776; d, Har- risburg, O., Sept. 15, 1859. Licensed to preach in 1801, and continued till 1856. Author of " The Autobiography of a Pioneer," Cin., 12mo. Young, JOHN, gov. of N.Y. 1847-9, b. Chelsea, Vt., 1802 ; d. N. Y. City, Apr. 23, 1852. While young, his father removed to Livingston Co., N.Y., where he received a common-school education, and studied and practised law. Member of the State legisl. in 1831, 44, and 45; M.C. 1841-3. Originally a Democrat, he became in 1829 an anti-Mason, and was elected to Congress by the Whigs. U. S. assist, treas. at N.Y. City 1849-52. Young, RIGHT HON. SIR JOHN, Baron Lisgar, gov.-gen. of the Dominion of Canada since 18 Sept. 1868, b. 1807. B.A. of Oxford U. 1829 ; called to the bar of Lincoln s Inn 1834 ; a lord of the treasury 1841-4 ; sec. of the treas. 1844-6; chief sec. to lord-lieut. of Ireland 1852-5 ; commiss. of the Ionian Islands 1855-9; gov. of New South Wales 1860-7; created Baron Lisgar 8 Oct. 70 ; d. Oct. 10/76. Young, JOHN CLARK, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1839), clergyman, b. Greencastle, Pa., Aug. 12, 1803 ; d. June 23, 1857. Dick. Coll. 1823. He in 1828 became pastor of a church in Lex ington, Ky. From 1830 till his death he was pres. of Centre Coll., Danville, Ky., and also had charge of a cong. there. Author of an Address to the Presbyterians of Ky., propos ing a Plan for Emancipation, 1 835 ; also many single sermons. Young, JOSUE MARIE, R. C. bishop of Erie (consec. 23 Apr. 1854), b. Sanford, Me., Aug. 1808 ; d. Erie, Pa., Sept. 18, 1866. Born of Protestant parents, he became a Catholic at 19. Learning the printer s trade, he went to Cincinnati, and worked in the office of tho Catholic Telegraph. Prepared for the church at Mount St. Mary s Coll., he was ord. in 1 837, and labored many years in the diocese of Cin cinnati. In 1853, while pastor of St. Mary s, Lancaster, Ohio, he was app. to the see of Pittsburgh but declined. Young, WILLIAM, editor of the Albion (N.Y.) 1848-67, b. Deptford, Eng., 1809, and, having m. an Amer. lady, in 1839 emig. to the U. S. He has transl. Beranger s songs and poems, and " The Man who Laughs; " and has pub. a Collection of Amer. College Songs, 1868 ; " Matthieu Ropars, et cetera," 1868. Zane, COL. EBENEZER, a Western pioneer, b. Berkeley Co., Va., Oct. 7, 1747; d. 1811. Of Danish origin. He at the age of 23 emig. to the West, and settled on the site of the pres ent city of Wheeling at a time when there was not a permanent Anglo-Saxon settlement from the source to the mouth of the Ohio. Daring the Revol. war, several attacks by the Indians upon Fort Henry, as the settlement was then named, were repulsed; the last in 1781. Col. Zane was a disbursing-officer under Dun- more, and held under the commonwealth nu merous civil and military posts. He owned the land where the city of Zanesville now stands, on the Muskingum. 1013 Zarate (tha-ra -ta), AGOSTIN DE ; d. ab. 1560. Author of a " History of the Conquest of Peru," pub. 1555. Sent to Peru in 1543 as treasurer of the crown, he played an im portant part in the civil wars of the country, where he remained many years. After the, dep osition of Vela, he was sent on an important embassy to Gonzalo Pizarro. Zea (tha -a), DON FRANCISCO ANTONIO, a South-American patriot, b. Medellin, New Granada, Oct. 20, 1770; d. Bath, Eng., Nov. 28, 1822. Educated at Bogota. Participating in revol. movements, he was confined at Cadiz in 1797-9. In 1802 he became an assistant director in the Botanic Garden of Madrid, and in 1805 prof, of botany, and dircctor-in-chief ; in 1808 he was elected a member of the junta of Bayonnc, and was, under Joseph Bonaparte, minister of the interior, and gov. of Malaga ; in 1814 he embarked for S. America, and joined Bolivar. Made intendant-gen. of the army ; he was vice-pres. of Venezuela in Feb.-Aug. 1819; Sept. 24, 1819, he was accredited to all the European courts ; and succeeded in obtain ing from English bankers a loan of 2,000,000 in March, 1822. Zeilin, JACOB, brig.-gen. U.S. marine corps, b. Phila. 2d lieut. Oct. 1, 1831 ; capt. Sept. 14, 1847; major July 26, 1861; col. and com. marine corps June 10, 1864; brig.-gen. Mar. 2, 1867. Attached to frigate "Congress" in Mexican war; com. battalion of marines under com. Stockton ; and brev. major for gallantry in the battle of Los Angelos, Jan. 9, 1847 ; wounded in the battle of Bull Run. Zeisberger, DAVID, Moravian missionary among the Indians, b. Zoetenthal, Moravia, Apr. 11, 1721; d. Goshen, Tuscarawas Co., p., Nov. 7, 1808. His parents emig. to America during his youth. After completing his studies, he went to England, when Gen. Oglethorpe enabled him to join his parents in Ga. One of the founders of Bethlehem, Pa., in 1740. He soon after became a missionary to the In dians, and labored, until the breaking-out of the Indian war in 1755, among the Delawares at Shamokin and the Iroquois at Onondaga. During the Pontiac conspiracy he assisted the Christian Indians, whom he afterward led to Wyalusing, Bedford Co., Pa. In 1767 he es tablished a church among the Monseys ; in 1772 he began the settlement of an Indian town (Schoenbrunn) on the Tuscarawas, Ohio, where he was afterward joined by all the Mora vian Indians of Pa. ; but the settlement was destroyed by the Wyandots in 1781; in 1787 he began the settlement of New Salem, Huron Co., near Lake Erie; in 1791 he emigrated to Canada, and founded Fairfield on the Thames; in 1798 the Moravians returned to their for mer settlements in Ohio which had been grant ed them by Congress, and built there a new station named Goshen. Zeisberger preached there till tie end of his life. He pub. in the Delaware tongue a " Delaware and English Spelling-Book," 1776; a "Coll. of Hymns/ 1803; "Sermons to Children," 1803; "A Harmony tf the Four Gospels " (N.Y. 1821 ) ; and Verbal- Biegunyen der Chippeivitfjer, in Va- ter s Analekten der Sprachkunde. He left in MS. a Delaware Grammar and Dictionary, deposited in H. Coll. Library, and an Iroquok Dictionary in the library of thePhilos. Society at Phila. See Memoir by Schuoeinitz, 8vo, Phila. 1870. Zenger, JOHN PETER, printer, b. Ger many ; d. New York, 1746. He established a press in 1726; Nov. 5, 1733, he began the Weekly Journal, continued by his widow Ca tharine, and John his son, until ab. 1752. For some strictures in his paper on Gov. Cosby and the council, he was arrested 17 Nov. 1734, tried in 1735, and kept in close confinement 35 weeks. Andrew Hamilton of Phila. de fended him from the charge of libel on the ground of the truth of the publication, a prin ciple since well established. The court, how ever, would not allow the witnesses of the truth to be examined, nor would it allow the jury to be judges of the law as well as of the fact. Notwithstanding the direction of the bench, the jury brought in a verdict of not guilty. A narrative of this trial was pub. at Boston, also at London, with that of Win. Owen, in 1765. Zeuner, CHARLES, musician and compos er; d. Phila. Nov. 1857, a. ab. 60. He resid ed some years in Boston, where he was or ganist at the Park-st. Church and of the Handel and Haydn Soc. Author of " Feast of the Tabernacles/ an oratorio, 1832 ; "American Harp," 1839 ; "Ancient Lyre," 1848; " Musical Manual," &c. Zinzendorf, NICHOLAS Louis, count, founder, or restorer, of the Moravian brethren, b. Dresden, May 26, 1700 ; d. Hernhutt, May 9, 1760. His father, one of the principal min isters of the Elector of Saxony, died a few weeks after his birth ; and he was educated by Prof. Franke at Ilallc, and afterward at Wit tenberg. Receiving in 1 720 his property from his guardians, he purchased a lordship in Lu- satia, and m. a sister of the Prince of Rcuss. In 1722 he began to conceive the idea of a purer church-discipline, traces of which were observa ble among the sect called the Bohemian and Moravian Brethren, some of whom he permit ted to settle on his estate. The count and a clergyman named Rothe labored to instruct them; and he formed statutes for their govt., from which period their writers date the re newal of the Union of the Brethren. To him Wesley was indebted for both his religious or ganization and his missionary plans, that inde fatigable laborer having passed some time wi L h Zinzendorf at Hernhutt. Next to their organi zation in classes, the use of singing (which fur nished the Wesley s with a valuable hint) is one of their most remarkable characteristics. In 1736 the count was conscc. bishop of the Mo ravian cong. He then visited England, and travelled almost all over Europe ; made numer ous settlements, and sent missionaries to all parts of the world. He came to Pa. in 1741 , began his labors by preaching at Germantown and Bethlehem ; and in Feb. 1 742 ord. at Oly, Pa., the missionaries Ranch and Ruttner. At Shekomeco he established the first Indian Mo ravian congregation in America. He returned to Europe in 1743 ; succeeded his bro. Dec. 21, 1756; and abdicated his countship March 19, 1 757. See his Life by Spangenberg, 8 vols 8vo, ZOJ. 1014 ZTJB Zollicofifer, GEX. FELIX K., b. Maury Co., Tonn., May 19, 1812; killed at the battle of Mill Spring-, Ky., Jan. 19, 1862. He re ceived an academical education. Learned the trade of a printer ; in 1 829 became a newspaper editor at Paris, Tenn. ; edited and pub. the Co lumbian Observer in 1834; in 1835 was chosen State printer; and in 1842 took the editorship of the Xashville Banner, the leading Whig pa per of the State. He was in 1 845-9 comptroller of the State treas. ; in 1849 was a State sena tor, and M.C. in 1853-9, and an advocate of extreme Southern views. He was a delegate to the Peace Congress in Feb. 1861; was soon after app. a brig.-gen. in the Confederate army ; took com. of East Tenn. Aug. 8 ; was defeated at Camp Wild-Cat, Ky., Oct. 21, by Gen. Schoepf, and at Mill Spring by Gen. Thomas. Zook, GEN. SAMUEL KOSCIUSZKO, b. Pa. ab. 1823; killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. While young, he was a telegrapher, and made important discoveries in electrical science. Ab. 1 848 he removed to N.Y. ; and at the outset of the war he w;nt as lieut.-col. with the 6th N.Y. S. M, to the Potomac, and was made military gov. of Annapolis. Returning, he raised and com. the 57th N.Y. Vols. During the severe battles on the Peninsula, he generally com. a brigade; made brig.-gen. Nov. 29, 18*62. He disting. himself at Chancellorsville ; also at Gettysburg, where he fell. Zubly, JOHN JOACHIM, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1770), clergyman, b. St. Gall, Switzerland, 27 Aug. 1 724 ; d. S.C. 23 July, 1 78 1 . Ord. 1 744. He took charge of the First Prosb. Church, Sa vannah, in 1760, where he preached to an Eng lish and German cong., also preaching occasion ally in French. He was active among the Sons of Liberty at the outset of the Revol. ; was on the most important committees of the first Prov. Congress of Ga. 1 775 ; and in that year was a delegate to the Cont. Congress. He opposed the Decl. of Indep., and suddenly left congress for Ga., where he sided with the crown. Ac cused of treasonable corresp. with Sir James Wright, the royal gov., he returned to Savan nah, and was for some time concealed, to escape popular resentment. He was in that city during the siege in 1779. He was a man of learning, of a vigorous and penetrating mind, and pub. a number of patriotic discourses. SUPPLEMENT. Bartlett, GEN. WILLIAM FRANCIS, b. Ha- rerhill, Ms., 6 June, 1840. H.U. 1862. App. capt. 20th Ms. Inf. 10 July, 1861 ; engaged at Ball s Bluff; wounded at the siege of York- town (losing a leg) ; col. 49th Ms. Inf. 10 Nov. 1862; and took part in the operations result ing in the capture of Port Hudson. In the as sault of this place (27 May, 1863) he was a con spicuous mark for the enemy, being mounted; and was severely wounded in the arm and foot. Col. 57th Ms. Vols. 17 Aug. 1863, with which he participated in the battles of the Wilder ness, and again slightly wounded; brig.-gen. vols. 22 June, 1864, for conspicuous gallantry at Port Hudson. He com. a division 9th corps, and was captured at the explosion of the mine before Petersburg, 30 July, 1864. After being exchanged in Sept., he com. the 1st div. 9th corps; brev. maj.-gen. 1865; d. Dec. 17, 1876. Beatty, GEN. JOHN, M.C. from Ohio since 1867, b. near Sandusky, O., 1 6 Dec. 1828. Re ceived a good English education. Engaged in banking ; volunteered as a private 3d O. Inf., and app. lieut.-col. in 1861 ; took part in sev eral battles in West Va. ; col. in 1 862, and con spicuous at Perryville and at Stone Kiver, where he com. a brigade ; brig.-gen. 29 Nov. 1862; and fought at Tullahoma, Chickamau- ga, and at Mission. Eidge. Bedell, GREGORY THURSTON, D.D., as sist, bishop of Ohio (consec. 13 Oct. 1859), b. Hudson, N.Y., 27 Aug. 1817. Brist. Coll., Pa., 1836; (Epis.) Theol. Sem. of Va. 1840. Son of Rev. Gregory T. of Phila. Ord. deacon 1840, priest 1841 ; became rector Ch. of the Holy Trinity (West Chester, Pa.) 5 Nov. 1840, and of the Ch. of the Ascen. (N.Y.) 19 March, 1843. Residence, Gambier, O. Bigler, JOHN, gov. of Cal. 1852-6, b. Cumberland Co., Pa., 8 Jan. 1804; d. Sacra mento, Cal., 30 Nov. 1871. Bro. of Wm., gov. of Pa. Apprenticed to the printing-business ; edited a paper in Pa. in 1828-9 and 1831-2; adm. to the bar, and resided in Brown Co., 111., ia 1846-9; moved to Cal. in 1849, and was twice speaker of the Assembly. He was a con servative Democrat, and was known as " Hon est John Bigler." Birge, GEN. HENRY W., b. Norwich, Ct. When the civil war began, he was one of the aides of Gov. Buckingham ; entered the service in June, 1861, as major 4th Ct. Inf. ; made col. CELA. 13th early in 1862 ; and in the exped. to N. Or leans and in the capture of Port Hudson, for which he was made brig.-gen. Sept. 19, 1863 ; took part in the Red-river campaign under Gen. Banks; brev. maj.-gen. for sen-ices in Sheridan s campaign in the Shenandoah Val ley, Oct. 1864; and in June, 1865, was app. to com. the milit. dist. of Savannah. Blow, HENRY T., minister to Brazil, 1869 -71, b. Southampton Co., Va., 15 July, 1817. Went to St. Louis in 1830; grad. at the U. of that city; became interested in mining-lands, in which, and in manufacturing, he acquired a fortune. He was among the first in Mo. to de clare against slavery ; was 4 years a State sen ator ; was the friend and adviser of Gen. Lyon at the opening of the Rebellion ; minister to Venezuela in 1861-2, and M.C. in 1863-7. Bradley, JOSEPH P., LL.D. (Laf. Coll. 1859), jurist, b. Berne, Albany Co., N.Y., 14 Mar. 1813. Rutg. Coll. 1836. Adm. to the bar in 1839, attaining distinction in the prac tice of law in Newark, N. J., especially in causes involving a knowledge of polit. economy and constitutional law. App. assoc. judge U. S. Supreme Court 21 March, 1870. Brayton, GEORGE BAILEY, inventor of a safety steam-boiler and of the high-pressure gas-engine, b. Crompton, R.I., 23 Oct. 1829. Buckland, CYRUS, inventor, b. Manches ter, Ct., 10 Aug. 1 799. He received a common- school education, worked in various machine- shops, and in 1828 became a pattern-maker and designer in the U. S. Armory at Springfield, Ms. He produced his machine for making gun- stocks ab. 1 842 ; and is also the inventor of the machines for rifling musket-barrels, for cutting the thread of the screw on the inside of the bar rel, and for milling the breech-screw. Cespedes, CARLOS MANUEL DE, Cuban revolutionist, b. Bayamo, 18 Apr. 1819. U.of Havana, 1838. Studied law at Barcelona, and was adm. to practice in 1842. In 1844 he set tled in practice in his native city, acquiring reputation and a fortune. For a demonstration in favor of Cuban indep. in 1 852, he was con fined 5 months in Morro Castle, Santiago de Cuba. Heading the movement for Cuban in dep. in Oct. 1 868, he was soon after made pres. of the republic. Chamberlain, GEN. JOSHUA LAWRENCE, LL.D. (Pa. Coll. 1866; Bowd. 1868), gov. of 1015 1016 Me. 1866-70, b. Bangor, Me., 8 Sept. 1828. Bowd. Coll. 1852; Bangor Theol. Sem. 1855. Son of Col. Joshua. In his boyhood he at tended the milit. acad. of Maj. "Whiting at Ells worth. Prof, at Bowd. CoU. from 1 855 to Aug. 1862, when app. lieut.-col. 20th Me. Inf.; col. May, 1863; brig.-gen. June, 1864, for gallantry at Petersburg, where he was severely wounded ; brev. maj.-gen., and again wounded at Quaker Road 29 Mar. 1865 ; and com. 1st division 5th corps, leading the advance, in the final opera tions ending in Lee s surrender, 9 April, 1865. His com. was designated to receive the formal surrender of the arms and colors of Lee s ar my. He was engaged in 24 pitched battles, in cluding An tietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellors- ville, Gettysburg, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, and Five Forks ; and was 6 times wounded, thrice severely. He resumed his pro fessorship (modern languages) in 1865 ; and in July, 1871, was elected pres. of Bowd. Coll. Chester, J. L. (p. 181), has long been en gaged upon what promises to be his magnum opus, the printing of the entire marriage, baptismal, and burial registers of Westminster Abbey, annotated in an exhaustive manner. Coan, REV. TITUS, D.D., missionary and volcanographer, b. Killingworth, Ct., Feb. 1, 1801. Aub. Theol. Sem. 1834. In the same year he m. Miss Fidelia Church of Riga, N. Y., and sailed for the Hawaiian Islands. Between 1835 and 1870 he had gathered 15,000 of the native islanders into the Protestant Church, a success unequalled, it is believed, by that of any other modern missionary. For his con- tribs. to volcanic science, see Amer. Journal of Sciences, 1840-70. Cochran, JOHN WEBSTER, inventor, b. Enfield, N.H., 16 May, 1814. In 1832, with a cash capital of $1.25, he started for Boston, walking the whole way, 110 miles. In 1833 he invented and patented a steam-heating ap paratus ; and in 1834 patented his invention of a revolving breech-loading rifled cannon, in which the cocking of the hammer automatical ly rotated the cylinder, the same principle which subsequently secured the success of the revolving pistol. This invention procured him fame and fortune. Visiting France in 1835, he exhibited his model to the Turkish ambassa dor ; was invited by Sultan Mahmoud to Con stantinople, whither he went, and was liberally rewarded by the sultan. In 1839-47 he resided in France, and afterward in Eng., where he in vented machinery for curvilinear sawing, used in " converting " ship-timber, and adopted by the Brit. govt. He has latterly resided in the U.S., actively engaged in the manuf. of fire arms and projectiles, and in improvements of various kinds. Amer. Artisan, Mar. 8, 1871. Conner, GEN. PATRICK E., b. Ireland, 1820; came to the U.S. at a very early age; set tled in Texas ; was a capt. in Walker s Texan regt., and severely wounded at Buena Vista. In 1861 he raised a regt. ; was ordered to Utah ; gained a signal victory over the hostile Indians at Bear River 29 Jan. 1863 ; made brig.-gen. 30 Mar. 1863 ; was long in com. of the Utah dist., where he established firmly the authority of the govt. ; and brev. maj.-gen. 1865. Davis, THOMAS FREDERICK, D.D., Prot.- Ep. bishop of S.C. (consec. 17 Oct. 1853); d. Dec. 2, 1871. Delmar, ALEXANDER, statistician, b. N.Y. City, 9 Aug. 1836. His father was a native of Spain. He wrote for a N.Y. journal in 1854 ; became financial editor of Hunt s Merchants Mag. and of several N.Y. journals ; established the Social-Science Review, and was sole editor in 1864-6 ; was called to organize the U.S. Bu reau of Statistics in 1866, and was its director in 1867-8 ; and in 1867 became pres. Washing- ton Statist. Soc. Author of " Gold Money and Paper Money," 1862; "Treatise on Taxa tion;" "Essays on Polit. Economy," 1865; " International Almanac, or Statistical Hand book," 1866. Denio, HIRAM (p. 263), jurist, b. 21 May, 1799; d. Utica, N.Y., 5 Nov. 1871. Began practice at Rome in 1821 ; dist. atty. 1825- 34; settled in Utica in July, 1826; circuit judge 5th circuit 1834-8; judge of the Court of Appeals 1853-66. Devens, GEN. CHARLES, Jun., b. Charles- town, Ms., Apr. 4, 1820. H.U. 1838; Camb. Law School. In 1 841-9 he practised in Frank lin Co., Ms. ; was a State senator in 1 848 ; in 1 849-53 was U.S. marshal for Ms. ; and in 1854 resumed the practice of law at Worcester. Apr. 16, 1861, he was chosen major of a rifle batt. ; was made col. 15th Ms. Inf. 24 July; com. at Ball s Bluffbefore the arrival of Col. Baker, and again after the death of the latter; brig.-gen. Apr. 15, 1862; was in the battles of Williams- burg and Fair Oaks (in the latter of which he was wounded), at South Mountain and Antie- tam; com. a division of Howard s corps at Chancellorsville ; in the 18th corps in the Va. campaign of 1864-5, and was in temp. com. 24th army corps in Dec. 64; brev. maj.-gen 13 Apr. 1865. In Nov. 1862 he was the unsuc cessful candidate of the " People s Party " for gov. of Ms. A justice of the Ms. Superior Court since 1867. Doniphan, COL. ALEXANDER WILLIAM, lawyer and soldier, b. Mason Co., Ky., July 9, 1808. Aug. Coll., Ky., 1827. Son of an early emigrant from Va., who d. in 1814. Having studied law, he began practice at Lexington, Mo., but in 1833 removed to Liberty. Brig.- gen. of militia in the expedition which in 183 8 drove the Mormons from the State; member of the State legisl. 1836 and 40; col. 1st Mo. Cav. June 18, 1846, and led the successful ex- ped. against Chihuahua ; com. in the battle of Brazito, Dec. 25, 1 846, and in that of Sacra mento, Mexico, Feb. 28, 1847; and in the fa mous march from Santa Fe to the Rio Grande. Eichberg, JULIUS, teacher and composer of music, b. Germany, 1825. Adm. to the Con servatory of Brussels, he gained in 1843 the first prizes in violin and composition. After ward musical director in prominent German opera-houses, and director of sacred music to the consistory of the Church of Geneva. Since 1856 he has taught in Boston, where he founded the Conservatory of Music. He has composed the successful operas, "The Doctor of Alcan tara," "A Night in Rome," and "The Rose of Tyrol." Ewell, GEN. R. S. (p. 313), d. Maury Co., Tenn., 25 Jan. 1872. 1017 LOR Ferrero, GEN. EDWARD, b. of Italian par ents in Granada, Spain, Jan. 10, 1832. He was brought to the U.S. an infant. Before the war he kept a dancing-school, and taught the art at West-Point Acad. In 1861 he raised the 51st N. Y. Vols. (Shepard Rifles) ; accomp. Burnside s exped. to Roanoke Island and New- bern ; disting. himself at both those places, and com. a brigade under Gen. Reno. In July, 1862, he served in Gen. Pope s Va. campaign ; was in the battles of South Mountain and An- tietam, and for his bravery and efficiency in the latter engagement was made brig.-gen. Sept. 19, 1862. He served at Fredericksburg and at Vicks- burg; com. the 2d brigade of Sturgis s div. 9th army corps, and a division at the siege of Knox- ville; com. at the defence of Fort Sanders against the desperate assault of Longstreet; led the colored div. 9th corps in the operations against Petersburg in 1864; and subsequently coin, defences of Bermuda Hundred. Brev. maj.-gen. 2 Dec. 1864. Gilmore, PATRICK SARSFIELD, musician, b. near Dublin, 28 Dec. 1829. He connected himself with a military band at the age of 15. Came to Boston in 1849, where he has been for many years a leader of military bands ; accomp. the 24th Ms. Regt. to the field in 1861, and was in 1863 placed in charge of all the bands in the dept. of La. by Gen. Banks. Origina tor of monster concerts in this country, and pro jector of the great National Peace Jubilee at Boston in June, 1869, a history of which he published in 1871. Composer of many songs, marches, &c. Gladden, REV. WASHINGTON, clergyman and author, b. Pittsgrove, Pa., 11 Feb. 1836. Wms. Coll. 1859. He first preached at the Statc-st. Cong. Ch., Brooklyn, N. Y. ; after ward at Morrisania, N.Y. ; and since Feb. 1867 has been pastor of the 1st Cong. Church, North Adams, Ms. Besides his frequent contribs. to the N. Y. Independent and other papers and pe riodicals, he has published " From the Hub to the Hudson/ and is a successful pub. lecturer. Godkin, EDWIN L., journalist, b. Wick- low Co., Ireland, 1831. Educated at a gram mar-school near Wakefield, England, and at Queen s Coll., Belfast. Corresp. of the London Dally News in Turkey and Russia during the Crimean Avar, 1854-6. In the fall of 1856 he came to the U.S., and in the ensuing winter made a journey on horseback through the Southern States, detailed in a series of letters to the Daily News. He then studied law in the office of David Dudley Field in N.Y. City ; was adm. to the bar in 1 858, but in that year re turned to Europe in impaired health. Return ing to N.Y. at the close of 1862, he was, until the establishment of The Nation in 1865, a cor- resp. of the Daily News, and an editorial con- trib. to the N. Y. Times. The Nation, a weekly journal of politics, literature, science, and art, estab. in July, 1865, and edited by Mr. God- kin, in 1866 passed into his hands as a proprie tor, and owes to him its success, ranking as it does among the first literary and critical jour nals of the land. Republican in politics, it is also the advocate of free trade and civil-service reform. Hall, JOHN, D.D., pastor (since 3 Nov. 1867) of the Fifth-ave. Presb. Ch., N.Y. City, b. of Scotch ancestry, Co. Armagh, Ireland, 31 July, 1829. Belfast Coll. Licensed to preach in June, 1849, and labored as a missionary in the west of Ireland ; pastor of the church at Armagh 30 Jan. 1852-8, and of Mary s Abbey, Dublin, from 1858 until app. in 1867 a deleg. to the Presb. churches of the U.S. He is an eloquent speaker on the platform as well as in thepulpit. Halleck, GEN. HENRY WAGER (see p. 399) ; d. Louisville, Ky., 9 Jan. 1872. Halstead, MURAT, journalist, b. Ross Township, Butler Co., O., 2 Sept. 1829. Far mers Coll., O., 1851. His grandfather emig. to Ohio from N.C. in 1804. A contrib. to the Cincin. Gazette and other papers in Ind. and O. in 1851-2; became assist, ed. of the Columbian and Great West, and in 1853 of the Commer cial, introducing the new feature of a systematic abstract of the important news found in the ex change papers; and in 1854 became a partner in the concern. Under his able management the Cincin. Commercial has long been a leading journal in the U.S. Helper, HINTON ROWAN, author, b. Da- vie Co., N.C., 27 Dec. 1829. Educated at the Mocksville Acad. Went to Cal. in 1851, and travelled on the Pacific coast; U.S. consul at Buenos Ayres 1861-7. Resides at Ashcville, N.C. Author of " The Land of Gold," 1 855 ; "Impending Crisis of the South," 1857; "No- joque, a Question for a Continent," 1867; and "The Negroes in Negroland," &c., 1868. Holcombe, JAMES P., author, b. Lynch- burg, Va., 1820. Educated at Y.C. and at the U. of Va., where he was some time prof, of law. He has pub. " Leading Cases upon Com mercial Law,"8vo, 1847; "Digest of Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court," 8vo, 1848; "Mer chant s Book of Reference for Debtor and Cred itor," 8vo, 1848 ; "Literature in Letters," 12mo, 1868. Holcombe, WILLIAM H., M.D., homce- opathist and author, b. Lynchburg, Va., 1825. Educated at Wash. Coll., Va., and in medi cine at the U. of Pa. After practising at Lynchburg and at Cincinnati, he settled in N. Orleans, and in 1852 became a homoeopath. Besides many contribs. to periodicals, he was some years co-editor of the N. A. Journal of Homceop. Has pub. " The Scientific Basis of Homoeopathy," 12mo, 1855; "Poems," 1860; "Our Children in Heaven" (Swedenborgian), 1868; "The Sexes," 1869; and many bro chures on topics similar to the above. Knowlton, JOHN STOCKER COFFIN, journalist, b. Hopkinton, R.I., 11 Dec. 1798; d. Worcester, Ms., 11 June, 1871. Dartm. Coll. 1823. He became connected with the Lowell Journal ab. 1827 ; in 1833 removed to Worcester, assuming the editorial charge of the jEgis and Yeoman, with which the Repub lican was subsequently merged to establish the Palladium, which he pub. and edited for ab. 37 years. He had been twice mayor of W. ; mem ber of both branches of the legisl., and 15 years high sheriff of the county. Loring, FREDERICK WADSWORTH, jour nalist, b. Boston, 12 Dec. 1848; murdered by Apache Indians 5 Nov. 1871 in Arizona, while LOW 1018 RED on his way home from the expl. exped of Lieut. Wheeler. H.U. 1870. He was a contrib. to the Atlantic, Old and New, &c. ; was the author of " The Boston Dip," a vol. of poems ; " Two College Friends," 1871 ; and of two successful plavs. iLow, FREDERICK F., minister to China 1869-74, b. Frankfort, Me., 30 Jan. 1828. He received a thorough English education. Went to California early in 1849 ; was for a few months engaged in mining ; and was a mer chant in San Francisco until 1855, when he be came a banker at Marysville. Repub. M.C. in 1861-3, contributing to the enactment of the Pacific-Railroad Bill ; subsequently collector of the port of San Francisco, and gov. of Cal. 1864-8. McCabe, JAMES D., Jun., author, b. Rich mond, Va. Son of Rev. James, D.D., and 4th in descent from the first white settler in the Cum berland Valley, Pa. Educated at the Va. Milit. Inst. Began writing for the Abingdon Virginian in his 14th year. He has pub. "Fanaticism and its Results," 1860; " Life of Gen. T. J. Jackson," 8vo, 1863; " The Bohemian," 1863; "Life of Gen. R. E. Lee," 1867 ; " The Gray- Jackets," 1867. He has also written poems, plays, and translations from the French, and many contributions to periodicals. Resides in Brooklyn, N.Y. McCook, GEN. EDWARD M., b. Steuben- ville, O., June, 1834. Educated principally in a log school-house. Accomp. Gov. Medary to Minnesota in 1856 as private sec. ; emig. to Pike s Peak in 1859; member Ks. legisl. 1860; app. 2d lieut. U.S. Cav. ; major 2d Ind. Cav.; promoted successively to lieut.-col., col., brig.- gen. (27 Apr. 1864); and was brev. major- gen, in 1865. In the battles of Shiloh, Stone River, Perryville, and Chickamauga; com. a division in the Atlanta campaign, and a corps in E. Tenn. In the summer of 1864, in a raid in the rear of Atlanta, he destroyed large quan tities of @onfed. stores; was intercepted by Wheeler s cav. on his return, and cut his way through, rejoining Sherman s army near Mari etta; com. 1st cav. div. in Wilson s raid through Ga. and Ala. Minister to the Hawaiian Is lands 1866-9; app. gov. Colorado Terr. 1869. McGill, JOHN, D.D., R.C. bishop of Va. (consec. 10 Nov. 1850), b. 4 Nov. 1809. Ord. priest 13 July, 1835. Resided in Lexington, Ky., in 1836 ; in Louisville in 1836-50, and ed. there for 7 years the Catholic Advocate. Au thor of " Life of Calvin," translated from the French of Audin, " Origin of the Church of En:,;, us represented in Macaulay s History," " The True Church Indicated to the Inquirer," nnd "Our Faith the Victory." Living Wri ters cfthe South. Died Jan. 14, 1872. Malione, GEN. WILLIAM, b. Southamp ton, Va., ab. 1827. Va. Milit. Inst. 1847. Be came an engineer; constructed the Norf. and Pctersb. Railroad, Va., of which he was after wards prcs. ; and was in 1861 a militia col., and contrib. to the capture of the valuable materiel at the Norfolk Navy- Yard, 21 Apr. 1861. He then raised and com. the 6th Va. Regt. ; com. Fort Darling, and repulsed attack of U.S. gun- foats 15 May, 1861 ; was at Fair Oaks, Oak Grove, Malvern Hill, Grove-ton (where he was wounded), Fredericksburg, Chanccllorsville battles of the Wilderness; was made brig.-gen ; March, 1864; took com. of Anderson s div.; in battle of Spottsylvania C.H., North Anna, Cold Harbor, the " Crater " Fight (30 July, 1864); made a maj.-gen. 12 Aug. 1864, and com. div. in A. P. Hill s (3d) corps ; in battles of Weldon Railroad, Hatcher s Run (27 Oct. 1864) ; and at Lee s surrender corn, the lines at Bermuda Hundred. Hist. Mag., .July, 1871. Wye, JAMES W., Repub. senator from Ne vada since 1865, b. Madison Co., N.Y., 10 June. 1815. Received a public-school education; studied and practised laAV ; State police corn- miss. N.Y. City, 1860; gov. Nevada Territory 1861-5. Porcher, FRANCIS PEYRE, M.D. (Char. Med. Coll. 1847), botanist, b. Charleston, S.C., ab. 1825. S.C. Coll. 1845. He has pub. " Med. Botany of S.C.," Svo, 1849; " Cryptogamic Plants of the U.S." ("Trans." Am. Med. As- soc. 1854) ; " Clinical Investigations," Svo, 1861 ; "Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests," Svo, 1863; "Illustrations of Disease with the Microscope," 1860. While a lecturer in the Charleston Prep. Med. School, he edited, with Dr. D. J. Cain, 5 vols. of the Charleston Med. Jour, and Review. Porter, GEN. ANDREW, b. Lancaster, Pa., 10 July, 1819; d. Paris, 4 Jan. 1872. West Point, 1836-7. Grandson of Gen. Andrew ; son of Gov. Geo. B. App. 1st lieut. Mtd. Ri fles 27 May, 1846; disting. at Ccrro Gordo; capt. 15 May, 1847 ; brev. major for Contreras and Churubusco 20 Aug. 1847; lieut.-col. for Chapultepec 13 Sept. 1847; col. 16th U.S. Inf. 14 May, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. 17 May, 1861 ; prov.-gen. Army of the Potomac; com. 1st brigade of regulars at the battle of Bull Run, in which he displayed much skill and bravery ; resigned 20 April, 1864. Quesada, MANUEL, gen.-in-chief of the Cuban patriot forces, b. Camagucy, 29 March, 1833. Emig. to Mexico in 1852 ; entered the military service of the republic; gained sev eral victories over the forces of Maximilian; was made a gen. for that of May 5, 1862, at Puebla and at Pachuca ; and was made gov. of the States of Tlascala, Coahuila, and Duran- go. In 1865 he came to N.Y. City, and labored in organizing the insurrection in Cuba, whither he went in 1868 ; and was named gen.-in-chief of the troops of Comarca, and subsequently gen.-in-chief of the republic. Sent in March, 1870, to the U.S. and Europe in a diplomatic capacity. Redpath, JAMES, author, b. Bcrwick-on- Tweed, Eng., Aug. 1833. Emig. with his par ents to Mich, in 1848. At 16 he became a printer; at 19 one of the editors of the Tribune, with which he was long connected editorially or as a corresp. He was in Kansas during the troubles there of 1 855-7 ; and was with the armies of Sherman and Thomas, and with Gill- more at Charleston, during the war. App. by the govt. of Hayti gen. agent of emigration ; then consul at Phila. ; then joint cominiss. to the U.S. ; and instrumental in procuring the recognition of Haytien indcp. Supt. of educa tion in Charleston during the war ; organized the schools of S.C., and established the Colored 1019 woo Orphan Asylum in Charleston. Established the Boston-Lyceum Bureau in 1868. Author of " Guide to Kansas," " The Roving Editor," "Life of John Brown," "Echoes of Harper s Ferry," M Southern Notes," " Guide to Hayti," &c. Kiohards, GEORGE, a writer of patriotic verses, b. (probably) in R.I. ; d. Phila. about 1 Mar. 1814 by his own hand while deranged. An eminent schoolmaster in Boston after the close of the Revol. ; he also preached occasion ally, in the absence of the pastor, to the cong. of Mr. Murray; was pastor of a Universalist church in Portsmouth, N.H., in 1793-1809, and subsequently in Phila., where he also established, and for two years edited, the Freemason s Mag. and Gen. Miscellany. He was a man of great be nevolence, assuming the charge of orphans, and giving his personal attendance upon the sick, including those stricken with contagious dis ease. Among his pieces usually anonymous is a descriptive poein on the Revol., extracts from which are in the Ms. Mag. 1789-92. Au thor also of odes, Masonic orations, an hist, dis course on the death of Washington, Portsm. 22 Feb. 1800, &c. MS. of S. F. Haven. Robinson, WILLIAM S. (" Warrington"), political writer, b. Concord, Ms., 7 Dec. 1818. Editor Lowell Courier 1842-8; Boston Daily Whig 1849; afterward of the Republican, Com monwealth, and the Telegraph. Rep. of Lowell in the Ms. legisl. of 1852 and 53 ; clerk Const. Conv. of 1853; and clerk Ms. legisl. since 1862. Under the nom de plume of " Warrington," he has long been a well-known contrib. to the N. Y. Tribune, Springfield Republican, and other papers. Hodman, GEN. THOMAS J., inventor of the Rodman gun, b. Ind. 1821 ; d. Rock Island, 111., 7 June, 1871. West Point, 1841. Enter ing the ordnance dept., he became 1st lieut. 3 Mar. 1847; capt. 1 July, 1855; maj. 1 June 1863; lieut.-col. 7 Mar. 1867; brev. col. and brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. Author of " Reports of Experiments in Metals for Cannon and Can non-Powder," 1861. Sargent, AAEON AUGUSTUS, journalist and politician, b. Newburynort, Ms., 28 Sept. 1S27. Began as a printer in the office of the Watchman and Herald, Newburyport; accomp. Fremont to Cal.in 1846, and in 1849 settled in Nevada City; long edited the Nevada Journal; adm. to the bar in 1 854 ; dist. atty . Nevada Co. 1855-6 ; M.C. 1861-3 and 1869-72 ; U.S. sen ator elect for the term of 1873-9. While in Congress, he was a member of the com. on the Pacific Railroad, and drew the bill for the Western Pacific Railroad, of which enterprise he was an active and efficient promoter. Smith, CHARLES H. ("Bill Arp"), hu morist; is a lawyer of Rome, Ga., of which city he has been mayor ; and has also been a State senator. In 1861 he began the publica tion of his letters, which in 1866 were collected and pub. under the title of "Bill Arp, so called." Stockton, JOHN P., senator, b. Princeton, N.J.,2Aug. 1826. N.J. Coll. 1843. Gr.-grand- son of Richard, the signer of the Decl. of In- dep. Adm. to the bar 1849 ; a commiss. to re vise the laws of N. J ; subsequently reporter to the Chancery Court, and pub. 3 vols of Equi ty Reports (1852-9) ; minister to Rome 1858- 61 ; U.S. senator 1866, and re-elected for the term 1869-75 as a Democrat. His father and grandfather were members of the U. S. senate. Strong, WILLIAM, LL.D. (Lafayette Coll. 1867), assoc. judge U.S. Supreme Court (app. Feb. 1870), b. Somers, Ct., 6 May, 1 803. Y.C. 1828. Son of Rev. Wm. L. (pastor of Som ers 1 807-31 ), who d. Fayetteville, N. Y., 31 Aug. 1859, a. 77. Adm. to Phila. bar 1832; prac tised in Reading, Pa;, 1832-47; M.C. 1847-51 ; judge Sup. Court of Pa. 1857-68; afterwards practised in Phila. In June, 1871, he declared the U.S. income tax to be constitutional ; and 15 Jan. 1872 delivered the opinion of the ma jority of the court, affirming the constitution ality of the Legal-tender Act of 1862. Swann, THOMAS, gov. Md. 1865-7, b. Al exandria, Va. Educated at Col. Coll., D.C., and the U. of Va. Studied law with his father at Washington; app. sec. Neapolitan com miss. ; settled in Bait, in 1834; pres. Bait, and O. R. R. Co. 1847-53 ; mayor of Bait. 1857-9 ; elected U.S. senator in 1866; declined; M.C. since 1869. Thurman, ALLEN G., jurist, and U.S. sen ator for the term 1869-75, b. Lynchburg, Va., 31 Nov. 1813 ; removed to Ohio in 1819. Re ceived an academic education. Adm. to the bar in 1835; M.C. 1845-7; judge Sup. Court of Ohio 1851-4; chief justice 1854-6; Dcmoc. candidate for gov. of Ohio 1867. Wakefield, CYRUS, an eminent public benefactor, b. Roxbury, N.H., 7 Feb. 1811. Son of James and Hannah (Hemenway). Came to Boston ab. 1 827, and engaged in busi ness. Originated the rattan business in this country, and discovered the process of utilizing the rattan waste. The town of Wakefield, Ms., is named for him. Wheeler, JOHN H., b. Murfreesborough, N.C., was before the civil war U.S. ministei^to Nicaragua, and about 1867 was app. to the bu reau of statistics at Washington, D.C. Au thor of "Hist. Sketches of N.C. 15S4-1851," 8vo, 1854 ; "History of N.C.," 8vo, 1851. Wood, JAMES F., R.C. bishop of Phila. since Jan 5, 1860, b. in that city, of Protestant parents. On taking orders in the R.C. Church, he was attached to the diocese of Cincinnati, and was pastor of St. Patrick s Church until consec. bishop of Antigonia, and co-adjutor of Phila. 26 May, 1857. Woodward, GEORGE W., jurist, an.l Democ. M.C. from Pa. 1867-73, b. Bethany, Pa., 26 Mar. 1809. Received an academic edu cation. Studied and practised law; member Pa. Const. Conv. 1837; pres. judge 4th jud. dist. 1841-51 ; and judge sup. judicial dist. of Pa. 1852-67 ; d. May 12, 1875. 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LVr/nl^ l^fcr RENEWALS ONLYTEL. NO. 642-3405 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. REC O ID FEB 2 3 71 -2PM 5 7 1* 1 07 / t <n K9hffncJ ly - "" " ~" J * ncrn I D EB_2 B 74^pftr- RfcuU LU APR 2 2 1985 t?E i etmc APR2i 1985 SEp 251980 Orl< 2% W > ..- ,.,,..,, ,._,_, _ c . ^ ol ^6 wdo I TION DEPT. ~ NOV21B82 4 5! p c.ciR.iswj2$2 LD2lA-60m-3, 70 LD 21^ (N5382slO)476-A-32 (08481 General Library University of California Berkeley Berkeley" GENERAL LIBRARY -U.C. BERKELEY BOOQ7S811b D ,4 UNIVERSITY OF CALIF ORNf A LilBftARY