PNIVEBSITY OF CALIFORHIA PUBLICATIONS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA PRELIMINARY VOLUME TABLES FOR SECOND-GROWTH REDWOOD BY DONALD BRUCE BULLETIN No. 334 October, 1921 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY 1921 David P. Barrows, President of the University. EXPEEIMENT STATION STAFF HEADS OF DIVISIONS Thomas Forsyth Hunt, Dean. Edward J. Wickson, Horticulture (Emeritus). , Director of Resident Instruction. C. M. Haring, Veterinary Science, Director of Agricultural Experiment Station. B. H. Crocheron, Director of Agricultural Extension. Hubert E. Van Norman, Dairy Management. James T. Barrett, Plant Pathology, Acting Dircetor of Citrus Expeirment Station William A. Setchell, Botany. Myer E. Jaffa, Nutrition. Ralph E. Smith, Plant Pathology. John W. Gilmore, Agronomy. Charles F. Shaw, Soil Technology. John W. Gregg, Landscape Gardening and Floriculture. Frederic T. Bioletti, Viticulture and Fruit Products. Warren T. Clarke, Agricultural Extension. Ernest B. Babcock, Genetics. Gordon H. True, Animal Husbandry. Walter Mulford, Forestry. Fritz W. Woll, Animal Nutrition. W. P. Kelley, Agricultural Chemistry. H. J. Quayle, Entomology. Elwood Mead, Rural Institutions. H. S. Reed, Plant Physiology. L. D. Batchelor, Orchard Management. J. C. Whitten, Pomology, f Frank Adams, Irrigation Investigations. C. L. Roadhouse, Dairy Industry. R. L. Adams, Farm Management. W. B. Herms, Entomology and Parasitology. F. L. Griffin, Agricultural Education. John E. Dougherty, Poultry Husbandry. D. R. Hoagland, Plant Nutrition. G. H. Hart, Veterinary Science. L. J. Fletcher, Agricultural Engineering. Edwin C. Voorhies, Assistant to the Dean. Division of Forestry Walter Mulford Woodbridge Metcalf Donald Bruce Emanuel Fritz f In cooperation with Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering, U. S. Department of Agriculture. PRELIMINARY VOLUME TABLES FOR SECOND GROWTH REDWOOD By DONALD BEUCE The importance of second-growth stands of redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) is just coming to be widely recognized. The only volume table applicable thereto, which as yet has been published, is that in "The Redwood,"* printed in 1903, and this is of the type, now obsolete, which disregards tree heights and treats all trees of a given diameter as if they had the same volume. The need of new tables is therefore evident. The preparation of those herewith pre- sented was made possible by the U. S. Forest Service in making available for recompilation the tree measurements which were the basis of the earlier table above mentioned. Many timber cruisers believe that virgin redwood cannot be meas- ured accurately by means of volume tables, but the same arguments, such as those depending on its irregularity of form, extreme liability to breakage, etc., do not apply to young trees. The volume table method should be as applicable to second growth of redwood as to that of any other species. Since the commercial importance of young redwood stands is still in the future the tables have been prepared on the basis of the close utilization which may be expected in coming years. It is anticipated that tops will be used down to 5 inches, and that stumps be cut as low as 18 inches. Neither of the log rules commonly used in California, the Spaulding and the Scribner Decimal C, are accurate when applied to small trees, and the more scientific and correct, though little known, International rule, was therefore used. The volumes given in the tables should be considered as representing the amount of lumber which can actually be sawed by careful mill-practice, rather than the logscale by any commonly used rule. The tables should be considered as preliminary approximations only, subject to subsequent revision. This is for two reasons, first, because the trees measured did not include a sufficient number of the larger sizes, and second, because the data were not secured from a sufficiently wide range of site conditions. Two tables are presented. The first, based on merchantable height to 5 inches in the top, was prepared by the frustum form factor method. The second, based on total height, was derived from the first by means of a study of the average length of top above 5 inches for trees of various heights and diameters. * Bulletin No. 38, Bureau of Forestry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. [235] 236 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION Volume Table I Diam. Breast High NUMBEB Merchantable Height of 16-Foot Logs to 5 Inches in Top Basis No. of Trees Frustum Form Factor* Average Height Inches Hi m 2 2i4 3 3tf 4 4% 5 5K 6 Logs VOL UME BOA RD F EET 7 18 25 34 44 54 66 8 19 27 39 51 64 78 257 .99 1.4 9 20 30 43 58 74 90 .98 10 20 32 48 65 84 103 160 .97 1.9 11 21 34 52 73 94 115 137 .95 12 22 37 58 81 105 130 154 113 .93 2.4 13 23 40 63 89 117 145 172 202 225 .92 14 68 97 130 159 190 222 252 54 .90 2.9 15 74 105 143 174 209 242 280 .89 16 81 112 156 191 230 269 309 30 .88 3.1 17 87 123 170 210 252 295 339 .87 18 93 135 183 225 277 321 371 11 .86 3.4 19 198 250 303 353 406 455 509 .85 20 216 271 330 385 442 495 555 13 .85 3.7 21 235 295 357 413 479 535 602 .84 22 254 320 386 451 518 580 650 1 .84 3.7 23 274 343 416 485 557 625 699 .83 24 294 368 447 520 596 670 751 2 .83 3.9 25 314 396 479 560 640 720 805 .82 26 336 421 512 597 686 771 861 1 .82 4.0 27 358 452 546 639 733 825 919 .82 28 381 480 581 679 781 875 978 1 .81 4.2 29 405 507 618 720 830 930 1041 .81 30 430 545 656 768 880 992 1107 .81 Total.. 643 * The ratio between the volume of the actual tree and that of a theoretical tree of perfectly regular taper, a value calculated and used in preparing the table. Stump height 1.5 feet. Trees scaled in 16 foot logs with 0.3 foot trimming allowance to 5 inches d. i. b. in top, International rule. Basis 643 stem analyses taken by U. S. Forest Service in 1899 in Humboldt and Del Norte Counties. Check against basic data shows aggregate error of % o °f 1 P er cent, and average deviation of individual trees of 13.7 per cent. [Bulletin 334] PRELIMINARY VOLUME TABLES 237 Volume Table II Diameter Breast Total Height — Feet High Inches 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 no 120 130 vo LUME BOA RD FE ET 8 20 32 44 58 9 26 38 52 69 10 18 30 45 63 82 103 11 24 38 54 75 97 121 12 30 46 65 88 113 138 163 13 35 54 77 104 131 158 184 210 14 41 63 90 119 149 178 208 238 15 45 72 104 136 169 200 232 264 16 49 82 118 154 190 226 262 298 334 370 17 92 132 173 213 254 295 335 376 416 18 147 193 237 282 329 373 419 485 19 163 213 263 313 364 414 464 515 20 182 237 293 348 403 458 513 568 21 203 263 323 384 446 506 566 626 22 225 291 357 423 489 555 621 687 23 253 323 393 463 533 603 673 743 24 274 351 428 505 582 659 736 813 25 379 463 547 631 715 799 883 26 408 500 592 684 776 868 960 27 443 542 641 740 839 938 1037 28 477 584 691 798 905 1012 1119 29 514 630 746 862 978 1094 1210 30 559 682 805 928 1051 1175 1298 Stump height 1.5 feet. Trees scaled in 16 foot logs with 0.3 foot trimming allowance to 5 inches d. i. b. in top by International Eule. Basis : Table I, converted by study of length of top above 5 inches for various diameters and lengths. STATION PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION BULLETINS No. 185. 241. 246. 251. 253. 261. 262. 263. 266. 267. 268. 270. 271. 273. 275. 276. 278. 279. 280. 282. 283. 285. 286. 290. 294. 297. 298. 299. 300 301. No. Report of Progress in Cereal Investiga- 302. tions. Vine Pruning in California, Part I. 304. Vine Pruning in California, Part II. Utilization of the Nitrogen and Organic 308. Matter in Septic and Imhoff Tank Sludges. Irrigation and Soil Conditions in the 309. Sierra Nevada Foothills, California. Melaxuma of the Walnut, "Juglans regia." 310. Citrus Diseases of Florida and Cuba 312. Compared with Those of California. 313. Size Grades for Ripe Olives. 316. A Spotting of Citrus Fruits Due to the 317. Action of Oil Liberated from the Rind. 318. Experiments with Stocks for Citrus. 320. Growing and Grafting Olive Seedlings. 321. A Comparison of Annual Cropping, Bi- 322. ennial Cropping, and Green Manures 323. on the Yield of Wheat. Feeding Dairy Calves in California. 324. Preliminary Report on Kearney Vineyard Experimental Drain. 325. The Cultivation of Belladonna in Cali- fornia. The Pomegranate. 326. Grain Sorghums. 328. Irrigation of Rice in California. 329. Irrigation of Alfalfa in the Sacramento 330. Valley. 331. Trials with California Silage Crops for 332. Dairy Cows. 333. The Olive Insects of California. The Milk Goat in California. Commercial Fertilizers. 334. The June Drop of Washington Navel Oranges. 335. Bean Culture in California. The Almond in California. 336. Seedless Raisin Grapes. The Use of Lumber on California Farms. 337. Commercial Fertilizers. California State Dairy Cow Competition, 1916-1918. Control of Ground Squirrels by the Fumi- gation Method. A Study on the Effects of Freezes on Citrus in California. I. Fumigation with Liquid Hydrocyanic Acid. II. Physical and Chemical Pro- perties of Liquid Hydrocyanic Acid. I. The Carob in California. II. Nutritive Value of the Carob Bean. Plum Pollination. Mariout Barley. Pruning Young Deciduous Fruit Trees. The Kaki or Oriental Persimmon. Selections of Stocks in Citrus Propagation. The Effects of Alkali on Citrus Trees. Control of the Coyote in California. Commercial Production of Grape Syrup. The Evaporation of Grapes. Heavy vs. Light Grain Feeding for Dairy Cows. Storage of Perishable Fruit at Freezing Temperatures. Rice Irrigation Measurements and Ex- periments in Sacramento Valley, 1914- 1919. Brown Rot of Apricots. Prune Growing in California. A White Fir Volume Table. Dehydration of Fruits. Phylloxera-Resistant Stocks. Walnut Culture in California. Some Factors Affecting the Quality of Ripe Olives Sterilized at High Tem- peratures. Preliminary Volume Tables for Second- Growth Redwoods. Cocoanut Meal as a Feed for Dairy Cows and Other Livestock. The Preparation of Nicotine Dust as an Insecticide. Some Factors of Dehydrater Efficiency. CIRCULARS No. No. 70. Observations on the Status of Corn 155. Growing in California. 157. 76. Hot Room Callusing. 158. 82. The Common Ground Squirrels of Cali- 159. fornia. 160. 87. Alfalfa. 161. 110. Green Manuring in California. 164. 111. The Use of Lime and Gypsum on Cali- 165. fornia Soils. 113. Correspondence Courses in Agriculture. 166. 114. Increasing the Duty of Water. 167. 115. Grafting Vinifera Vineyards. 168. 126. Spraying for the Grape Leaf Hopper. 127. House Fumigation. 169. 128. Insecticide Formulas. 170. 129. The Control of Citrus Insects. 130. Cabbage Growing in California. 172. 135. Official Tests of Dairy Cows. 173. 138. The Silo in California Agriculture. 174. 139. The Generation of Hydrocyanic Acid Gas 175. in Fumigation by Portable Machines. 144. Oidium or Powdery Mildew of the Vine. 176. 148. "Lungworms." 151. Feeding and Management of Hogs. 177. 152. Some Observations on the Bulk Handling 178. of Grain in California. 179. 153. Announcement of the California State Dairy Cow Competition, 1916-18. 181. 154. Irrigation Practice in Growing Small 182. Fruits in California. Bovine Tuberculosis. Control of the Pear Scab. Home and Farm Canning. Agriculture in the Imperial Valley. Lettuce Growing in California. Potatoes in California. Small Fruit Culture in California. Fundamentals of Sugar Beet Culture under California Conditions. The County Farm Bureau. Feeding Stuffs of Minor Importance. Spraying for the Control of Wild Morning- Glory within the Fog Belt. The 1918 Grain Crop. Fertilizing California Soils for the 1918 Crop. Wheat Culture. The Construction of the Wood-Hoop Silo. Farm Drainage Methods. Progress Report on the Marketing and Distribution of Milk. Hog Cholera Prevention and the Serum Treatment. Grain Sorghums. The Packing of Apples in California. Factors of Importance in Producing Milk of Low Bacterial Count. Control of the California Ground Squirrel. Extending the Area of Irrigated Wheat in California for 1918. CIRCULARS — Continued No. 183. Infectious Abortion in Cows. 184. A Flock of Sheep on the Farm. 185. Beekeeping for the Fruit-grower and Small Rancher or Amateur. 188. Lambing Sheds. 189. Winter Forage Crops. 190. Agriculture Clubs in California. 191. Pruning the Seedless Grapes. 193. A Study of Farm Labor in California. 198. Syrup from Sweet Sorghum. 201. Helpful Hints to Hog Raisers. 202. County Organizations for Rural Fire Con- trol. 203. Peat as a Manure Substitute. 205. Blackieg. 206. Jack Cheese. 208. Summary of the Annual Reports of the Farm Advisors of California. 209. The Function of the Farm Bureau. 210. Suggestions to the Settler in California. No. 214. Seed Treatment for the Prevention of Cereal Smuts. 215. Feeding Dairy Cows in California. 217. Methods for Marketing Vegetables in California. 218. Advanced Registry Testing of Dairy Cows. 219. The Present Status of Alkali. 220. Unfermented Fruit Juices. 221. How California is Helping People Own Farms and Rural Homes. 222. Fundamental Principles of Co-operation in Agriculture. 223. The Pear Thrips. 224. Control of the Brown Apricot Scale and the Italian Pear Scale on Deciduous Fruit Trees. 226. Protection of Vineyards from Phylloxera. 227. Plant Disease and Pest Control. 228. Vineyard Irrigation in Arid Climates. 229. Cordon Pruning.