3741 1864 4 1 8 8 HANDBOOKS FOR THE STUDY OF SANSKRIT. EBITED BY MAX MtJLLER, M.A. TAYLORIAN PROFESSOR OF MODERN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. HANDBOOKS FOR THE STUDY OF SANSKRIT. Edited by Max (Mullee, M.A. I THE FIRST BOOK OP THE HITOPADESA. THE SANSKRIT TEXT OP THE FIRST BOOK. II THE SECOND, THIRD, AND FOURTH BOOKS OP THE HJTOPADES'a. Sanskrit Text, with Englisli Notes. in SANSKRIT-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. By Professor Th. Benfey. [In t/ie press. rv A SANSKRIT GRAMMAR FOR BEGINNERS. [In preparation. LOKDOV PBINTRD HY .S POTT I 8 W O O D K ASD CO. SEW-STREET SQUARE THE FIRST BOOK OF THE HITOPADESA: CONTAIKING THE SANSKRIT TEXT, ^VITH INTERLINEAR TRANSLITERATION, GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS, AND ENGLISH TRANSLATION. LONDON: LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, ROBERTS, & GREEN. 1864. PREFACE. 314 to?- % A SERIES of Handbooks for the study of Sanskrit seems to be required at the present moment by two classes of readers ; by those who, as candidates for the Indian Civil Service, are anxious to acquire that amount of familiarity with the grammar and literature of the classical language of India, which is not only useful for an honourable acquitment at the public examinations, but serves as the best foundation for the subsequent study of the spoken vernacu- lars ; and by that steadily increasing number of scholars who wish to gain an elementary, yet accurate, knowledge of a language which is the key to the secrets of Comparative Philology. There is, indeed, no lack of books in English for those who make Sanskrit the study of their life ; and even continental scholars who wish to acquire a sound and profound knowledge of the ancient language and litera- ture of India, must still have recourse to the masterworks of English scholars such as Colebrooke, Priusep, and Wilson. The first volume of Colebrooke's Sanskrit Gi'ammar, published sixty years ago, is a monument of English scholarship which has never been surpassed by any subsequent Grammar, whether in English, German, or French. Professor Benfey's large Sanskrit Grammar, published at Leipzig in 1852, is the only work that rivals it in compi'ehensiveness and authoritativeness.* The Dictionary of Wilson, to which is mainly due the rapid progress which Sanskrit scholarship has made in the Universities of Europe, is still the only complete thesaurus of the language of ancient India. There are the editiones principes, the original translations, the comprehensive essays, due to the honest industry of such men as Sir W. Jones, Wilkins, Colebrooke, Wilson, and Ballantyne, which will always keep their place of honour in the library of every student of Sanskrit. But these works are available to advanced scholars only, while the elementary books now accessible to English students who wish to begin the study of Sanskrit, and who, in many cases, have to begin it without the help of a master, are, with rare exceptions, edited in such a manner that they fail in the very elements of grammar, and unnecessarily retard the progress even of the most painstaking pupils. It has been said, indeed, with some apparent truth, that the race oi bona fide Sanskrit scholars seemed for a time extinct in England ; but the late publications of JMr. J. Muir of Edinburgh, and Professor E. B. Cowell of Calcutta, bear witness that in Sanskrit scholarship, too, England will always hold her own, and that, with the * The same author has lately publisliecl a ' Practical Grammar of the Sanskrit Language for the Use of early Students,' London, 1863. a ( vi ) advantages enjoyed by the members of the Civil Service in India, there will never be wanting worthy successors of Colebrooke and Wilson — men who have not only mastered the intricacies of Sanskrit grammar, but Avho are capable of reading Sanskrit MSS,, and contributing towards the progress of Sanskrit scholarship by editing texts that have never been edited before, and translating texts that have never been translated before. The present series of elementary handbooks is intended to comprise an elementary Grammar for English students, a Sanskrit-English Dictionary, and the ordinary text-books, the Ilitopadesa, the Laws of jNIanu, the play of 6iikuntala, the Nala, and such other works as may hereafter seem to be called for either in England or in India. A Manual of Comparative Pliilology, written with special I'eference to Greek and Latin, is likewise in preparation. The cooperation of several eminent Sanski'it scholars has been secured. The first volume of the series contains the First Book of the Hitopade^a, a work which, since tlie days of Sir William Jones, has been used as the text- book in all Colleges and Public Examinations. The Sanskrit text has been so arranged that even those who are not able to command the assistance of an efficient teacher will be able by themselves to read, parse, and translate every word of this ancient collection of Indian fables. The first line contains the Sanskrit text in Devanagari letters, the words properly joined according to the rules of Sandhi. The second line gives every word transcribed in Roman letters. The system of transliteration is that of Sir W. Jones, with a few modifications Avhich are now generally adopted by Sanskrit scholars. The words are separated, and the final and initial letters allowed to remain unaffected by the rules of Sandhi. Compound words have been divided, and the single words which enter into composition are given in their crude forms. Thus sam- skritoktishic is printed samskrita-uktishu, but not sam-krita-uktishu, because it is samsJtrita, as a I'eady-made word, that enters into composition with ukti. Samskaras, on the contrary, is divided into sam-karas, thus showing the reader that the insertion of the s, and the change of m into Anusvara, are the result of the composition of karas with sam. According to the same system scimunnatim is .printed sam-ud'7iatim, rujaputras appears as r(yan-putras, tipaili as upa-eti, 8cc. Two advantages are thus secured : the pupil is warned against reading the Devanagari text too mechanically by the aid of the transliteration, and his attention is from the first attracted to the rules wliich govern the composition of words. The third line contains a grammatical analysis of every word. The space that could be spared for this being very limited, it was necessary to use abbreviations, a complete list of which will be found at tlie end of the preface. The fourth line supplies an English interlinear translation. As far as possible each Sanskrit word is here rendered by an English word, the suc- cession of words in Sanskrit being preserved throughout in English. Any attempt at English idiom was out of the question ; yet it is hoped that, by the help of the grammatical analysis, this English transvocabulation {sit veTiia vcrbo) may be intelligible and useful to a diligent student. From page 38 the transliteration is discontinued. The student, after having worked his way through the first thirty-eight pages, ought to be sufficiently familiarised with the Devanagari alphabet to be able to dispense henceforth ( vii ) ■with the Roman transcript. In orJer to mark the end of words which in the Devanagarl text are joined together with the next following words, a dot has been placed beneath the final letter, an expedient which, it is hoped, will prove useful to tlie beginner, and do away with the necessity of separating the final and initial letters of words which, according to the genius of the Sanskrit language, cannot be conceived as separated from each other. From page 68 the grammatical analysis too has been discontinued. The student, after having read so far, may reasonably be supposed to have acquired such a knowledge of the elements of Sanskrit grammar as to be able to read the rest of the first book of the Hitopadesa with the help of a literal inter- linear translation. The Sanskrit text is chiefly based on that of Lakshami Naruyan Nyiilankar, in his edition of the Hitopadesa, Avith a Bengali and English translation, Calcutta, 1830. Deviations from that text were only resorted to where grammar, regard for the difficulties of beginners, or decency, seemed to require it. That text was chosen as an authority, partly because it was desirable to have, as far as possible, the same text in the examinations in India and in England, partly because an eclectic text, even one so carefully elaborated as that of Schlegel and Lassen, seemed to be incompatible with those principles of diplomatic criticism which are now adopted by all sound scholars, not only in Greek and Latin, but likewise in Sanskrit and Oriental literature- No attempt has yet been made to arrange the numerous MSS. of the Hitopadesa genealogically, and there is hardly another work with which each copyist has ventured to take such liberties as with this, the most popular story-book of India. Until MSS. have been genealogically arranged, a selection of certain ])lausible readings from this or that MS. is worse than useless. In my trans- lation of the Hitopadesa, published in the year 1844, I pointed out that an eclectic restoration of the text, even if carried out by men of taste and profound scholarship, could never satisfy the demands of modern criticism. As the labour of collating and classifying the MSS. of the Hitopadesa would have been very great, and as, owing to the nature of this popular work, the result would always have been problematical, I determined to make no attempt at a critical restoration of the text, but to adhere throughout to some one native authority. The reason why I preferred the text of Lakshami Nurayan Nyalan- kar, the Bengali editor and translator of this Indian school-book, to any single MS. of the HitopadL'sa, was, as I stated before, of a purely practical nature — I wished there should be, as far as possible, a certain uniformity in the text-books used in England and in India. I have also to confess that in cases where such common phrases as tatha cha, aparani cha, tatlia cha nhtain ('and thus it is said') would have entailed a blank space of four lines, they iiave sometimes been omitted, and that the same consideration has occasionally required the omission of certain portions in the grammatical analysis of the text. The manuscript of the First Book of the Hitopadesa, as here printed, Avas carefully prepared fur me, according to the principles just explained, by Dr. F. Kielhorn, and I hope that the labour bestowed i;pon it by him and by myself will prove useful to that daily-increasing class of scholars who wish to acquire an accurate knowledge of the classical language of ancient India, whether as a preparation for the study of the spoken vernacul.irs, or as an introduction to the science of language. ( ^'iii ) Transliteration of the Dcvanagari Alphabet. ^ n ^ au "Z th ^ bh '^T Pi ^ k ^ d ^ m T • ^ kh ' ^ dh ^ y t A I f\ S w n T r ^ U ^ gl» ?T t ^ 1 ^ A U ^ • n ^ th ^ V ^ ri • ^ ch T d ^ s m A rt W clih ^ dh ^ sh ^ li ^ J ^ n ^ s v: e ^ jl^ ^ P 'f h t ai 3{ n ^ ph "^ am ^ o 2- t ^ b ^: ah List oj Abbreviations. N. = Nominative. Pres. = Present. Ind. = Indeclinable. G. = Genitive. Impf. = Imperfect. Adv. = Adverb. D. = Dative. Pcrf. = Perfect. Prep. = Preposition. Ac. = Accusative. Aor. = Aorist. rt. = root. V. » Vocative. Fut. = Future. aff. = affix. Ab. = Ablative. Pot. c= Potential. Compar. = Comparative. I. = Instrumental. Imp. = Imperative. Superl. = Superlative. L. = Locative. Ptc. = Participle. Ttp. = Tutpurusha. m. = masculine. Inf. = Infinitive. Kami. = Karmadliaraya f. = feminine. Ger. = Gerund. Buhuv. = Bahuvrihi. n. = neuter. Par. = Parasmaipada. Dvand. = Dvand va. pi. du. -= singular. plural. dual. Atm. Pass. Caus. = Atmanepada. Passive. Causative. Aw a J. cf ' id. = Avyajibhava. = compare. = tlie same. The Anusvara and the Nasal Dot. Another abbreviation which I have adopted in the Sanskrit text requires a few words of explanation. According to Panini (viii. 3, 23), every m at the end of a word (pada), may, before any consonant^ bo jironounced as Anusvtira. Hence we find the following combination^ — ? ( ix ) tain taiii taih taiii taih ■ karoti, ' kliadati, * gaclichhati, * glioshayati, ' naktiram, ft f^^Tf^, ft fk^f^, ft ^^fH, ft ^^t, ^ ST^Tt tarn „ taih tarn taih tarii ■ chinoti, '' chliiuatti, 'jayati, 'jhakuram, * ilakaram, ft ZW^X, 7i 3qn"t, ^ ^^TT, ft ^^Tt, fT W^TT, tarn tarii taih tarii tain * takaram, ' thakaram, ' dakaram, ' dhakaram, ' nakaram. ft fj^f^, ft ^^Tt, "H ^Trf^, ft ^'TfTT, ft ^^f^, tarn tarii taih taih tam ■ tudati, '* thakaram,. ' dadati, " dhamati, ' nayati, n f^^f^, ft w, ft ^f^, ft pT^f%, , d, dh, p, ph, b, bh, are the nasals of the five classes to which these consonants belong (^, 3? ) W > •? > ^ ). 'I'he dot, therefore, used in writing and printing is here a mere graphic substitute for these five nasals, and in no way to be confounded with the dot as the sicjn of the Anus vara. At the end of words, as the pronunciation in cases 1-25, 2Q, 28, 29, is optional, the dot, which in accordance Avith most MSS. I always prefer, may either be pronounced as Anusvara or looked upon as the graphic substitute for any of the five class-nasals and of the three nasalised semi-vowels. Only, if it precedes words beginning with r, s, s/i, s, h, the final dot must be pronounced as Anusvara. Lastly, if words ending in m stand in pausa, the final dot, according to the strict interpretation of Panini, is to be pronounced as m. Though this matter is in itself simple enough, it has been much com- plicated by grammarians who did not perceive that the rules given by Panini refer to pronunciation and not to writing, and that in Sanskrit MSS. and native publications the dot has really two quite distinct functions : 1. It marks the sound of Anusvara at the end of words before s, sh, s, h, and r (optionally before any consonant), and in the middle of words before s, sh, s, h. 2. It graphically replaces in the middle of words the five nasals before the twenty mutes, and the m at the end of words in pausa. In an elementary book like the present, the consistent use of the dot instead of the five class-nasals in the cases described above, has the advantage that while it removes any doubt as to the original nature of final n, u, and n, when followed by initial sonant Palatals, Linguals, and Dentals,* it forces the student to practice the phonetic rules in order to be able to judge for himself whether the dot represents the sound of Anusvara or whether it is used as an abbreviation in place of one of the five class-nasals. MAX MULLER. Wetmotjth: Se])tembcr 1864. * Thus ffX'^'^JJ^, tan jayati, always represents an original rTT*f ^^f?f> '^° conquers them; while f^J of'^iTm', tarn jayati, stanils for an original ffTT ^'^TfFf) 'i® conquers her. The nasal dot never represents an iriginal n except in the middle of words before t, th, ,!, dh. In cases like rff W, (("'ni clta, or ^^|^]", mimmhsa, the dot is meant for Anusvara. CONTENTS. Introduction rAGK 1 BOOK I. FRIEND-ACQUISITION, ILLUSTRATED BY THE STORY OF THE CROW, THE PIGEONS, THE MOUSE, THE TORTOISE, AND THE DEER. F^VBLE I. 11. III. IV. V. VI. VII. viir. The Traveller and the Tiger . The Deer, the Jackal, and the Crow The Blind Vulture, the Cat, and the Birds The History op HiRAijfYAKA, the Mouse The Old Man and his Young Wife . Death of the greedy Jackal The Prince and the Merchant's Wife The Jackal and the Elei'hant . 17 37 ■3 'J 61 62 76 85 88 II ^"^T^iTT^ ^^: II TO THE BLESSED GANESA, SALUTxVTION! II ^^ f%?7IT^^ I gunin-gana-ganana-ilrambhe Tip.- bha, L. sg. In the virtuous-multitude- enumerating-attempt na patati katliiiii su-sanibhramat ynsya Ind. not pat, S.ig. Prrs. Par. falls -nl, iV. sg. the chalk Karin, -iua,Ab.sg. through great- haste yad, G. sg. m. of whom, ^^t^T ^Rr ^^^ ^T ^^T ^'^T^'^ ^T^ il -^M, II tena amba yadi sutini ia.i\, I. sg.m. -hH, N..tg. Ind. -m,N.sg. through him the mother if son-possessed. vada bandhya kidrisi nama. (lo) Villi, 2 sg. -yH.N.sg. -dris, N. sg.f. -man.^le. Imp. Par. _ , sg.Adv. say, barren which (wife) in truth ? ( 5 ) "^if^ ^ I ^^ rt'jf% ^^ ^ il^ il T?f%ln JISi; I api cha, daiie tapasi saurye cba yasya na pratliitam manas Ind. Ind. -ua,L.sg. -pas, L.s/y. -ya, i.sr/. Ind. yad, G. Iiid. itmth, X.xg.n. -iia-s.jV. Also and. In liberality, in penance, in heroism and, whose not praised mind, vidyayam artha-Iablie cha matus ud-charas eva sas. (16) -y;l, L. sij. Tip. -bha, L. sg. Ind. -tri, G. sj. -ra, X. sg. Ind. tad, N. sg. m, in knowledge, in wealth-acquisition and, a mother's discharge merely he. aparam cha, varam ekas gupi putras na cba mdrkha-satais api •Ta,X.sg.n. Ind. -ra, N. sg. 71. -ka, i\'. «^. w. -mn, X. sg.m. -ra, N.sg. Ind. Ind. Tfp. -ta, I. pi. Ind. Again and, Better one virtuous son, not and of fools- even; hundreds ^^^^^^jfY ^f?r T ^ fITTTTWTft II \^ II ekas cLandras tamas hanti na cha tara-ganais api. (17) -ka, X. sg. m. -ra, X. sg. -mas, Ac. sg. han, 3 sg. Pres. Far. Ind. Ind. Tip. -na, I. pi. Ind, the one moon darkness dispels, not and star-heaps even. UTI^^ f}?t ^rl rm\ fiTTZlf?I^-E^t I punya-tirtlie kritam yena tapas kva-api ati-dus-karam Karm.-i\ia.,L.sg. kTi,X.sg.n.past.Ptc.Pass. yad, I. sg.m. -pas,X.sg. Ind. Ind. Karm.-rs.,X. sg. 71. At a holy-bath- performed by whom penance where-ever very-difficult ing place ?f^ wr ^i^^: ^wi\ VTf^^: ^v"^: ii \^ ii tasya putras bhavet vasyas sara-riddhas dharmikas su-dhis. (18) taA,G.sg.m. -ra,X.sg. W\ii,S.sg.Pot.Par. -ya, X. sg. m. -dha,X.sg.7>i. •'ka., X.sg.m. Bahuv.-dhl,X.sg.-m. of him a son will be obedient, prosperous, righteous, wise. artha-agamas nityam a-rogita cha priyas cha bharya priya-vadini cha Tip.-ma,X.sg. -ya, Ac.sg.n.Adv. -ta,, X. sg. Ind. -ya., X. sg. m. Ind. -yd.,X.sg. Tip. -dm, X. sg.f. Ind. Wealth-affluence, constantly not-illness and, a friend and, a wife kind-speaking and, ^^^^ 5"^ s^^^'^ ^ ft^ i?^"^^^^^ ^'ifTf^ TT^'T, II \^ 11 vasyas cha putras artha-kaii cha vidyu, shat jiva-lokasya sukbani rajan. 09) •ya,X.sg.m. Ind. -Ta,,X.sg. T/p.-ra,,X.sg./. Ind. -yh.X.sg. shash.X. Ttp.-ka,G.sg. -kha,i\'.p;. -ia,n,V. sg. obedient and a son, useful and a craft, the six of man-kind pleasures, king. kas dhanyas babubbis putrais kusula-apurana-adbakais, kim, X. sg. m. -ya, X. sg. m. -hu, /. pi. m. -ra, /. pi, Karm. -ka, /. pi. Who wealthy through many sons, — granary-filling-measures ? ^^: ^m^fr W^ f^^^^ ftfTT II «^« II varam ekas kula-alambi yatra vi-sruyate pita. (20) jca,, X. sg. 71. -k-d, X, sg. in, Tfp. -hin, X.sg. m. Ind. srnwHhv\,'isg. Pres. Pass. -tri,X.sg. better one family-upholding, in whom is renowned the father. ( 6 ) rin;i-karta pita satrus mata cha Tip, -tri, N. sg. m. -tri, N. sg. -ru, N. sg. -tri, N. sg. Ind. A debt- contracting father an enemy, a mother and vi-abhi-charliu -rin, K. sg.f. wanton, satrus a-panditas. (-il) -ru, N. sg. Kami, -ta, N. fig. m. an enemy not-learned. bharya -ya, N. sg. a wife rupavati -vat, N. sg.f. beautiful satrus -ru, JV. sg. an enemy. putras -ra, N. sg. a son ^^>€TT§ f^q* ft^T ^^^W ^^^ f^W I an-abhyase visham vidya Kami, -sa, L. sg. -slia, K. sg. -yH, N. sg. In want of practice poison knowledge, a-jirne Karm. -na, L. sg. in indigestion bhojanam -na, jV. sg. food visliam -slia, N. sg. poison. fl^ w^T ^fr^^ "^^ ^^^'^ f^w 11 5^5^ II visliam sablui daridrasya vriddhasya taruni visham. -slia, X sg. -bhil, N. sg, -ra, G. sg. m. -dha, G. sg. m. -via, N. sg.f. -slia, N. sg. poison company of the poor, of an old man a young wife poison. (22) yasya kasya pra-sutas api yad, G. sg. m. kim, G. sg. m. sft with ]ira, N. sg. m. past Ind, Ftc. Pass. engendered gunavan pujyate naras •v^i,N.sg.m. ■pi\],Zsg.Prcs.Pass. •rn,N.sg. Of whom soever also, virtuous is honoured a man, ^^^fli5^ sfif f^^w: f^ ^f^^pT II '^^ II dhanus vamsa-visuddhas -nu, N. sg. Ttp. -dlia, N. sg.m. a bow stem-faultless api nis-gunas kim karishyati. (23) Ind. Bahuv. -iia, N. sg, m, kim, Ac. sg. n. kri, 3 sg. Ful. Par. also, stringless what ^T ^ 5^^ ^T^'^ff ^^lr!T^ KTf^l I La Ind. ha adhi-ita su-gata will it do ? etasu ratrishu putraka na Ind. -ka, F. Sfl'. Ind. \wit]in.Ci\\\, V. sg.m. past Karm. -ta., V. sg. m. ctad, L. pi. f. ■r\,L.pL Pic. Pass. Ah, all, O boy, not-learned, pleasantly-faring in these nights ! ^5T (4 fk^^T ^^ A^ ^fiC^ ^^^f^ II \2 II tena tvam vidusham madhye pahke tad, /. sg. n, jrushmad, A^. sg. -vas, G.pl. m. -ya, L. sg. -ka, L. sg. therefore thou of the learned in the midst, in a mire cow-like, thou sittest gaus ira sidasi. (24) go,N.sg. Ind. snd,2sg. Pns. Par. tad katham idanim etc mama putras Ind. Ind. Ind. etad, N. pi, m. asniad, G. sg. -ra, N. pi. Then how now these of me the sons guuavantas kriyantam ? ■\at, N. pi. m. kri, 3 pi. Imp. Pa^s. virtuous shall be made ? ^T^TTf^^m^^^^ ^ ^T^T^^?^rq55f»T^TT^t I aliara-nidra-bhaya-mailluinam Dvandva. -na, N. tg. Feeding-slcep-fcar-love clia sanianyam etad pniSubhis naranam Ind. -ya, N. sg. ctad, N. sg, n. -Su, /. pi. -ra, G. pi. and common pro- perty this with animals of men, ekas api na vidyate ., N. sg. m. Ind. Ind. vid, 3 so- Pros. Fass. one even not is known. ( 7 ) dharmas hi tcsluun adbikas vi-sesbas dharnicna hinas pasubliis samanas. (25) -mtL,N,sg. Ind. isAyG.pl.m. •'ka,N.sg.in. •s\\2i,,N.sg. wto^I.sg. \\ii,N.pl.m. -sujl.pl. •na.N.pl.m. past. Pic. I'ass. Virtue for of them the addi- special pro- ofvii'tue dcj)rived witbani- equal. tional perty ; mals yatas, dbarma-artba-kama-moksbanaoi yasya Ind. Dvandva. -slia, G. i)!. yad, G. sg. m. For, Of virtue-wealtb-desire-final of wbom liberation ^^Tl^^iri^ rT^ ^^ f^T^^ II ^^ II aja-gala-stanasya iva tasya jauma nis-artbakam. (2G) Ttp. -na, G. sg. Ind. tad, G. sg. m. -man, X. sg. Bahuv. -ka, N. sg. n. of the be-goat-tbroat-nipple like of biin tbe birtb useless. Wf^^ I '^TT^: ^-f\ ^ ftTl* ^ ft^T f%^^^^ ^ I yad cba ucbyate, ayus karma cha vittam cba vidya ni-dbanara eva cha yad, N. Ind, vach,Ssg.Pres. -yuSyX.sg. -lao-n, N.sg. Ind. -ta,,N.sg. Ind. -yti,X.sg, -i\a, N. sg. Ind. Ind. sg. n. Pass. What and is said, Life, action and, riches and, know- death even and, ledge, l?%rfT^ft ^^ ^^^^^ Tf%^* II ^^ II pancha etani api srijyante garbha-sthasya eva dehinas. (27) -uhan.iV. cta.d,y.pl.n. Ind. sri], S pi. P res. Pass. T/ji. -silia., G.sg.m. Ind. -h'm, O.sg.m. five these also are produced of tbe in the womb- even being. standing kim-cha avasyam-bbavinas bbavas bbavanti maliatian api l7id. -vin, N. pJ. m. -va, N. pi. bhu, 3 pi. Pros. Par. -liat, G. pi. m. Ind. Moreover, Necessarily-becoming the conditions are of the great even ; — ^IT<^ ^^^^Z"^ iT^f%^^^ ^T: II R^ II nagnatvam nila-kanthasya maha-ahi-sayanam hares. (28) -tva, N. sg. Bahuv. -tha, G. sg. m. Ttp. -na, N. sg. -ri, G. sg. tbe nakedness of the blue-necked, the on the great-serpent-lying of Ilarl. ^ft ^ I ^^[^Tft ^ ^:^Tft ^ifl %^ ff^^m I api cha, yad a-bhavi na tad bhavi bhavi died na tad anyatha Ind. Ind. yad, JV. A'ar»i. -vin, Ind. tad, A'. -vin, i\'. -vin, A'^ Ind. Ind. tad, iV. Ind. sg. n. lY. sg. n. sg. n. sg. n, sg. n. sg. n. Also and, AVhat not-to be, not that to be \ to be if, not that otherwise, iti chinta-visha-ghnas ayam a-gadas kirn na piyate? (29) Ind. Ttp.-^\mvi,N.sg.m. idam.A'. sgr. ??^, -da,A'. Sfir. Ind. Ind. y)k,^sg. Pres.Pafs. thus reflection-poison-destroying this medicine why not is drunk ? ( 8 ) etad karya-aksbamaiiam kesham-chid alasya-vachanam. etad, X. Si/. M. T(p. -ma, G. pi. m. kim, G. pi. m. Ind. 'ftp. -na, N. sg. n. This of duty-incapable of some the laziness-speech ! na daivam api sam-chintya tyajet ud-yogara atmanas Iml. -v^Ac.sg. Ind. cliiiit with sam, Gm tya,},Ssg. Pot.Par. -f^, Ac. sg. -man, G.sg. Not, fate even reflecting on, one should give up the exertion of one self, an-udyogena tailani tilebhyas na aptum arhati. (30) Karm. -gsi, I. Sff. -la., Ac.pl. -la, Ab.pl. Ind. ap.Inf. arh.Zsg.Pres.Par. with no-exertion sesamum oil from sesamum seeds not obtain one can. anyad cha, udyoginam purusba-simhara upa-eti lakshmis, -ya, A'', sg. n. Ind. -gin, Ac. sg. m. Karm. -ha, Ac. sg, i with iipa, 3 sg. Pros. Par. -mi, N. sg. Again and. The exerting himself man-lion approaches Fortune, daivena deyam iti ka-purushas vadanti, -va, /. sg. da, N. sg. n. Put. Ptc. Pass. Ind. Ka rm. -sha, N. pi. vad. 3 pi. Pres. Par, ' by Fate it must be given,' thus weak-men say; daivam ni-hatya kuru paurusham atman-saktya, -va, Ac. sg. han icith ni, Ger. kri, 2 sg.Imp. Par. -sha, Ac. sg. Ttp. -ti, /. sg. Fate down-striking do a man's work with lliy own-power. ^S ^^ '^^ ^ f%>^rrT ^ s^ ^w: II ^\ II yatne krite yadi na sidhyati kas atra doshas? (31) -\\di,L.sg. 'kr\, L.sg.m. Ind. Ind, s\(SL[\,Zsg. Pres, Par. kira.iN^. Ind. -si\z,,N.sg. past Ptc. Pass. _ sg.m. The effort having been if not thei'e is success, what therein fault? made, ^m ^^^I ^W ^ T^^ if^^^rT^ I yatha hi ekena chakrena na rnthasya gatis bhavet Ind. Imh Am. I.sg.n. -ra, /. s^r. Ind. -th-.i, G. sg. -l\,X.sg. h\\\\,:isg. Pot.Par. As for with a siniile wheel not of a carriaj^e movement can be, o^ ■q;^ j^i^^T^TjT f^^T ^i ^ ft^f^ II ^5^ II evam pnrusha-karcna vina daivam na sidhyati. (32) Ind. Ttp.'T^.I.sg. Ind. -vn, N.sg. Ind. sidh,Ssg. Pres. Par, thus a man's-work without, fate not does succeed. rT^T ^ I ^l^^^fT ^^ rfr^ftf^ ^^^ I tntha cha, purva-janman-kritam karma tad daivam iti kathyate Ind. Ind. Ttp. -in, N. sg. n. -ms.n,N.sg. ta.d, X.sg.n. -va. N.sg. Ind. katli,3.v//. Prcs: I'ass. Thus and, In a formcr-birth-done action that 'fate' thus is called, fT^Tr^T^^TT^ ^^ ^^T^rtf^: II ^^ II tasmat pnruslia-ki'ir( na yatnani kuryat a-tandritas. (33) tsit\,Afj.sg.n.Adv. Tip. -ra,, I. sg. ■i]a.,Ac.sg. Vv\,'isg.Pot.Par. Karm.-ta,X.sg.m. therefore with man's-work effort one should make unwearied. ( 9 ) yatha mrid-pinda-tas karta kurute yad-yad ichchhati iTid. Ttp. -da., u'i/fiAb. a ff.t&s -tri,y. sff.m. kri, Ssg.Pres.Atm. yiid, Ac. sg.n. ish,Ssg.Pres.Par. As from a clay-lump the worker makes for himself whatever he wishes, evara atman-kritam karma I)ul. Ttp. -ta, Ac. sg. n. -man, Ac. sg. thus the by himselt-done action manavas prafi-padyate. (34) -va, iV^. sg. pad with prati, 3 sg. Pres. Atm. maa obtains. ^T^ffT^^^?5TT^ T^f^ ftfv^^TfT: I kaka-taliya-vat Ind. api Ind. pra-aptam drisbtvii a.p with pra, Ac. dris, Ger. sg. m. past Ptc. Pass. As-in (the story of) the reached having seen even Crow-and the Falmfruit, ni-dhim -dhi, Ac. sg. a treasure agra-tas -ra with Ab. aff. tas in front, -^ ^^ |^«TT^% 3^m^^^^^ II ^»i II na svayam daivani a-datte purusha-arthara apa-ikshate. (35) Ind. Ind. -va^N.sg. (i&,witht,,isg. Ttp. -tha., Ac.sg. iksh wi7A npa, Pres. Atm. 3 sg. Pres. Atm. not of itself fate takes (it) up, man's-exertion it expects. ud-yamena -ma, /. sg. Through exertion hi sidhyanti karyani Itid. s'ldh.S pi. Pres. Par. •ya,,N.pl. indeed succeed works. na manas-rathais Ind. Ttp. -tha, /. pi. not through wishes, T f% ^^^ f^^^ -Rftiif^ ^w ^^t: II ^4 II hi suptasya sirhhasya pra-visanti mukhe Ind. svap, G. sg. m.past. -ba, G. sg. vis with pra, Spl. -kha, L. sg. Ptc. Pass. Pres. Par. indeed na Ind. not of the sleeping lion pra-visanti \is with pra, Spl. Pres. Par. enter into the mouth mrigas. (3G) -ga, A"", pi. the deer. \» matri-pitri-krita-abhyasas gunitam eti balakas Bahuv. -sa, N. sg. in. -ta,, Ac. sg. i, 3 sg. Pres. Par. -ka, N. sg. By mother-and father-made-to study to the state of a comes a child, virtuous man na garbha-chyuti-matrena putras bhavati pnnditas. Ind. Ttp. -ra,, I. sg. -ra, A. sg. hh\X,Ssg. Pres. Par. -ta,, X. sg. m. not by birth-alone a sou becomes learned. ^TTffT ii"^: fqrrr 1?!^ ^T WT^ ^ mf^ff: I mata satrus pita vairi yena balas •tri, N. sg. -ru, iV. sg. -tri, A', sg. -rin, A', sg. m. yad, /. sg. m. -la, A\ sg. The mother an enemy, the father hostile, by whom a boy na Ind. not (37) by whom T TT^ ^wii-^ ^^^^ ^^ ^mr ii 5^^ 11 na sobhate sabha-noadhye hamsa-madhye vakas Ind. suhh,S sg. Pres. Atm. Ttp. -ya., L. sg. Ttp. -ya,, L. sg. -ka, N. sg. not does he shine in an assembly-midst, in the flamingo-raidst a crane C pathitas path. A', sg. m. past Ptc. Pass. Cutis. made to study. yatha. Ind. like. (38) ( 10 ) rupa-yauvana-sanipannas visala-kula-sambhavas Tip. -na, N. pi. m. [rt. pad with sam, j^ast Pic. Pass.) Bahuv. -va, K. pi. m. Beauty-youtli-endowed of noble-race-sprung, f^^TTt^ T TtV^ ft^VT T^ fifl^^T: II ^iL II vidya-hinas na sobhante nis-gandbas iva kiiiisukas. (39) Tlp.-nvi,N.pl.m.{rl.\vX) Ind. s\.\\>h,Zpl. Pres.Alm. Pahnv.-dha,,X.pl.m. Ind. -\n,N.pl. knowledge-destitute ones not sbine, scent-less like kimsuka flowers. nmrklias apl sobhate tavat sabbayam vastra-vesbtitas -kha,.V.S(7.jM. Ind. subh,3sg. Pres.Alm. -vat, Ac.sg.n.Adv. -bliA, i. sgr. T//). -ta, A', s^r. }«. (W. vesht). A fool also sliines so long in an assembly garment-dressed, m^^ ^^^ ^^f ^T^f^f^^ HT^^ II 8* II tavat cha sobhate murkhas yavat kirn - chid na bbasbate. (40) -\a,i, Ac. sg. 71. Ind. subh.3, .ti/. -]iha., X.Sff.m. -\a.t,Ac.sci.n. kmi.Ac.sg.n. Ltd. Ind. hh&^h, Ji sg. Adv. Pres. Attn. Adv. _ Prcs.Alm. So long and shines a fool as long as anything not he says. etad chintayitva sas raja pandita-sabham karitavan. etad, Ac. sg. n. chint, Ger. tad, N. sg. m. -ian, N. sg.m. Tip. -bli&, Ac. sg. kri, N.sg. m. past Pic. Par. Cans. This having thought that King a wise men- caused to be made. assembly TT^^rg I ^ ^: 4f%rTT: ^^rrt i ^f% A • A raja uvacha : bho bhos panditas, sruyatam ; asti -jan, N. sg. vach, 3 sg. Per/. Far. Ind. Ind. -ta, V. ]}l. m. sru, 3 sg. Imp. Pass. as, 3 sg. Pres. Par. The King said : ye wise, be it heard ; Is there kas-chid evam-bhutas vidvan yas mama putranam nityam Wm.N. sg.m., Ind. Karm.-ta, N.sg.tn. -va,s, 2^\ sg.m. yiLd,N.sg.m. a.smsid, G.sg. -ra.,0.pl. Ind. anyone such a sage, who of me of the sons constantly unmarga-gaminam an-adhigata-sastrantim idiinim niti-sastra-upadesena punar-janina Tip. -miu, G. pi. m. Bahuv. -ra, G. pi. m. Ind. Ttp.-sa,, I. sg. Karm.-vaa,n,Ac.sg. wrong-ways-going, who have not-read-books, now by beliaviour-book- again-birth instruction gfrrrf^^ ^*?^: i karayitum sam-artlias? kri,/"/.CViKS. -tha, N. sg.m. to eflect (is) capable ? yatas, kaelias kaiichana-saihsargat dliatte niarakatim dyntim hid. -c\\a.,y.sg. Tip. -fin. Ah. sg. d\\k,?> sg. I'ves. Aim. -In.Ar.sg.f. -i\,Ac.sg. For, Class from gold-proximity accepts emerald splendour; ( 11 ) ft^i W^fJIVI^'T ^I'lf ^TffT HftWiTf II 8^ II tatbti Iml sat-sannidlianena niurkhas Ttp. -na, /. Sff. -kha, X. sg. m. thus through the good-vicinity a fool yati yh, 3 sg. Pres. Par. goes praTinatam. •tib, Ac. sg. to cleveruess. (41) ^^ ^ I ft^^ f% ^f?TWT. sr/. -vat, JV. pi. m. -na, .Y. sg. Therefore of these ofus-thesons for the behaviour- you the authority. book-instruction iti Ind. Thus uktva vach, Ger. having said tasya tad, G. sg. m. of that vishnu-sarmanas -man, G.sg. Vishnusarman bahumana-purahsaram putran Ind. -ra, Ac. pi. by respect preceded the sons ^^f^rf^T'T^ I "^"^ lTT^T^¥i ^^^f^'^T'lt TT^tj^T^f sam-arpitavan. atha ri, with sam, N. sr;. m. Ind. past. Ptc. Par. Caus. he made over. Now prasada-prisbthe Ttp. -tha, L. sg. on the palace- terrace sukha-upavishtanam Karm. -ta, G. pi. m, (rt. vis with upa). of the comfortably- seated raj ;m-putraiiam Tpt. -ra, G. pi. king's-sons purastat prastava-kramena sas Ind. Ttp. -nia, /. sg tad, N. sg. m. in front of introduction-by way that ^T3IWTWf%^T'f ^^ T^f^ Vt^IrTt kavya-sastra-vinodena Ttp. -da, /. sg. Through poem-book-entertainment ^^^'T ^ ??4TWt pTT^ ^^%^ ^T II «^ cha murkhanam nidraya Ind. kalas -la, N. sg. the time panditas -ta, N. sg. m, learned man gachchhati gam, 3 sa. P res. Par. passes away abravit : ^^ -^ ' bra, 3 sfl-. Imp/. Par. i^ said dhiinatani -mat, G. pi. m. of the wise, vyasanena -na. /. sg. -kha, G. pi. m. -dril, /. sg. kalahena -ha, /. sg. through vice fT^^rlt f^^^T^ ^T^f;4T^'^'Tt ftf^^t tad Ind. Therefore bhavatam -vat, G. pi. m. of you vi-nodilya -da, I>. sg. for the entertainment kaka-kurma-adinam Bahuv. -di, G. pi, m. of the crow-the tortoise-etc. va. Ind. (48) and of fools, through sleep, through quarrel or. vichitram -tra, Ac. sg.f. the wonderful ^^t gf^^lft I katham kathayiimi. rajan-putrais -tha,, Ac. sg. kath, 1 sg. Ttp. -ra, I. pi. Pres. Par. story I tell. By the princes ^T^ ^^rfT I uktam : vach, N. sg. n. past Ptc. Pass. said : arya -ya, V. sg. kathyatam. kath, 3 sg. Imp. Pass Reverend Sir, it may be told. vishuu-sarma uvacha : spnuta ; samprati mitra-Iabhas pra-stuyate, -man, iV. sg. vach, 3 sg. sru, 2pl. Imp. Ind. Ttp. -bha, ,V. sg, Perf.Par, Par. Vishnusarman said : Listen ; now the friend- acquisition ^m^: ^^: II yasya stu with pra, 3 sg. yad, G. sg. ni. Pres. Pass. is introduced, of which ay am idam, A', sg, m, this adyas -ya, X. sg. m. the first si ok as : -ka, N. sg, verse : ( 14 ) II frr^^T^: II MITRA-LABHAS. Ttp. -\ihA,N.sg. FEIEND-ACQUISITION. '^HT^^T flxTft'TT 5%^^: ^^tt^t: I a-sadhanas JBahuv. -na, N. pi. m. Having no-means, vitta-hinas Ttp. -na, N. pi. m. (rt. ha). of wealth-destitute, buddhiraantaa -mat, N. pi. m. the wise. sulirittamas su-hrid, N. pi. m. Superl. (if) very friendly. ^TV^cg"!^ ^T^lfw ^T^If^^^^TTi^rT^ II ^ II asu karyaiji %kA\\,^pl. Pres. Ac.sg.n., Adv. -ya, Ac.pl. Par, Caus. sadhayanti fidh, 3 1)1. Pres Par, Caus. accomplish kilka-kurma-mriga-akhu-vat. (1) Bvandva, with aff. vat, Ind. quickly purposes like-the crow-the tortoise-the deer-the mouse. ^^^TTTT^ I f%^^T ^^^fh I rajan-putras uchus : katham etad? vishnu-sarma kathayati : Ttp. -ra, N. pi. vach, 3 pi. Perf. Par. Ind. etad, N. sg, n. .man, N. sg. kath, 3 sg. Pres. Par, The princes said: 'How that?' Vishijusarman relates: ^fe 'fr^T^TTtT f^^T^: irr^i^f!^: i w^ asti godavari-tire as, 3 sg. Pres. Par. Ttp. -ra, L. sg. There is on the Godavari-bank visillas •la, N. sg. m. a large salraali-tarus ; Kami, -ru, X. sg. silk cotton-tree ; tatra Ind. thereon 'TPTTf^^^T^TTTW TT"=lV TTf%wY ^^^^ \ ^^ nana-di^-desat Ttp. -sa, Ah. sg. from various-region-couiitry having arrived at night a-gatya gam with k, Ger. ratrnii -ri, L. sg. pakshinas ni-vasanti. atha -shin, X. sg. m. vas with ni, 3 pi. Ind. Pres. Pin: birds dwell. Now kada-cliid ava-saniiayam ratrau astachala-cliudii-avalambini Ind. Ind. Had with n\a, L.si;./. -ri, L.sg. Ttp. Ann, L.sg. m. once, ava-saniiayam sad tvith ava, L.sg.f. past Ptc. Pass. bein;; ended the night, while on setting-mountain- crest-restina bhagavati -vat, L. sg. m. the venerable ^^f^^TT^^ "^^^f^ ^^TTfTT^^TITT ^^w: TT^^t kumudini-naynke Ttp. -ka, L. sg. m. lotus-lover chandramasi -mas, L. sg. the moon, Laghupatanaka-named laghupatanaka-nama Bahuv. -man, N. sg. m. vayasas -sa, N.sg. a crow, pra-buddhas biidh tvith pra, N. sg. m, past Ptc. Pass. beinjj awake, ( 15 ) lirftiTf»m f^ifl'lITT'jffi 5tTVJiq^(f^ I fW- krltantani -ta, Ae. sg. Death iva dvitiyain Iml. -ya, Ac. sg. m . like a second, a-yantam •ifli k. Ac. .ig. 'tc. Pres. Pen approaching v<1 icitli t. Ac. sg. m. Ptc. Pres. Par. vyadhain -dha, Ac. sg. a hunter adya pratar Iiid. Ind. To day early ava-lokya achintayat : lok with ava, Ger. chiiit, 3 sg. Im-pf. Par having seen he reflected : apasyat. tam (Iris, 3 sg. Iinpf. tad, Ac. sg. m. Par. saw. Him eva anishta-darsanam I)id. Ttp. -na. N. sg. indeed of unwished-the sight ^Tfl I ^ ^T^ f%^^pT^rT ^f^^fH I jatam ; na jan, N. sg. n. past Ind. Ptc. Pass. produced ; not jane kim j lid, 1 sg. Pres. Attn. Ac. sg. n. do I know, what uktva iti Ind. Thus an-abbimatam Kami, -ta, Ac. sg. n. (rt. man icit/t abhi) disagreeable darsayishyati dris, 3 sg. Fut. ii. Par. Cans. it will show. tad-anusarana-kramena vyakulas vach, Ger. Ttjy.-rua., I. sg. -la, N. sg. m. having said by way-of foUowing-him perplexed ehalitas. chal, iV. sg. m. past Ptc. Pass. he moved about. ■^r{: I Tt^^T^w^wrfw ^^r^i^iifrrPr ^ i yatas, Ind. For, soka-sthana-sahasrani Ttp. -ra, N. pi. Of sorrow-occasions-thousands. bhaya-sthana-satani cha Ttp. -ta, .V. pi. Ind. of fear-occasions-hundreds arid f^^§ f^§ Ti^^Tfl'aif^ ^ ^frH II 5^ II divase -sa, L. sg. by day by day divase -sa, L. sg. mudham muh, Ac. sg.m. past Ptc. Pass. the fool a-visanti vis, with a, 3 pi, Pres. Par. na panditam. (2) Ind. -ta, Ac. sg. m. aj)proach, not the wise. ^^^ I fl^f^TJJTf^^?^ ^^^ anyad cha, vishayinara idam avasyam kartavyam. .ya N sg. n. Ind. -yin, G. pi. m. idam, N. sg. n. Ind. kri, N. sg. n. Ptc. Fut.Pass, Again and; Of men of the world this surely to be done. ^Tqr^Vjsrr^ ^^^ T^"^^^^f%ft i u(l-sthaya ud-sthaya boddhavyam mahat bhayam upa-sthitam, stM with ud, slliA, with ud, budh. N. sq. n. -t. N. sg. n, -ya, N. sg. stlia, xcith iipa, N. sg. n. Ger._ Ger. _ _ _ Ptc. Fut. Pass. past Ptc. Pass. Having risen, having risen, it is to be thought, great danger impending, ^?:TjT^TfvTt^T^t f^^r?i pT^f^^f?r ii ^ ii marana-vyadlii-sokanam kim adya ni-patishyati ? (3) Dcandva. -ka, G. pil. kim, N. sg. n. Ltd. pat, with ni, 3 sg. Fut. ii. Par. of death-sickness-sorrow which to-day will fall down ? atha Ind. Then tena vyadhena tandula-kanan vi-kirya jalam tad, /. sg. m. -dlia, /. sg. Ttp. -na, Ac. id. kri, ivdh vi, Ger. -la, X sg. by that hunter rice-grains having scattered, a net ( Ifi ) fl^w I V ^ ■Ji'^rtV 'J'^T f^TTf: I vi-stirnam ; stri, icifh vi, N. sg. n. past Ptc. Pass. was spread ; sas tad, N. $g. m. he cha pra-chhannas Ind. clihad, with pra, N. sg. in. and past Ptc. Pass, hidden bhutva bha, Ger. having been sthitas. stha, iV. sg. m. past Ptc. Pass, stood. rT^R^ ^T^ f^^^'^^^TiTT ^cTTT^: ^^fr^T^V tasmin tad, L. sg. m. At that eva Ind. very kale chitragriva-nama -la, L. sg, Bahuv. -man, N. sg. m, time Chitragriva-named kapota-rajas Ttp. -ja, N. sg, a pigeon-king sa-parivaras Bahuo. -ra, N. sg, m, with-retinue f^^fH fl^wt^^^^WPT^^^^TTfTW I rTrf: viyati vi-sarpan tan -t, L. sg. srip, toith vi, N. sg, m, tad, Ac. pi. m, Pfc.Pres. Par. in the air flying-about those tandula-kanan ava-lokayam-asa. Ttp. -na, Ac. pi. lok, with ava, 3 sg. Per/. Par. nee-grams espymg-was. tatas Lid. Then kapota-rajas taiidula-kana-lubdhan kapotan prati-aha : kutas Ttp. -ja. N. sg. Ttp. -dha, Ac. pi. m. {rt. lubh) -ta, Ac. pi. ah, with prati, 3 sg, Ind. the pigeon- the rice-grains desiring pigeons addressed : Whence king nis-jane Bahuv. -na, L. sg. 71, in the lonely vane tandula-kananam •na, L. sg, Ttp. -m, G. pi, wood of rice-grains sam-bbavas ? tad ni-rupyatam -va, N, sg. tad, N, rdp, with ni, 3 sg, sg. n. Imp. Pass. the produc- That may be in- tion ? vestigated, atra Ind. here tavat ! Ind. first! bhadram idam na pasyami. prayeua anena •ra, vie. idam. ^c. Ind, dris, 1 s(?. •ya.yl.sg, idam,/. sg. n. sg. n, Pres.Par, Adv. sg. m. Possibly through this Fortunate this not I do consider. tandula-kana-lobhena Ttp. -bha, /. sg. rice-grain-desire ^Tf^Tl^ fT^T HfWfT^ I a.suiabhl.s asmad, I. pi. by us ^^'^^ kaiikanasya -na, G. sg, of gold api tatha bhavitavyam, Ind, Ind. bhd, N. sg. n. Ptc. FiU. Pass. ali-o thus to be fared, ?5 ^Jt'T ^Ji: tu lobhena Ind, -bha, /. sg, through desire ^^ (but) magnas majj, N.sg. m. past Ptc. Pass. plunged panke -ka, L. sg. in a mire su-dustare Karm. -ra, L. sg. n. or m. very-difficult-to be crossed, vriddlia-vyaghrena Kami, -ra, /. sg. by an old-tiger sam-pra-aptas pathikas fl,p, with sam and pra, -ka, N. sg. N. sg. m. past Ptc. Fass, seized wanderer II 8 II sas tad, N. sg. m. that mritas mri. iV. sg. ni. past Ptc, Pass. dead yatha. Ind. as. (4) ^^^fTfT. kapotas uclius : -ta, A', sg. vach, 3 pi. Per/, Par The pigeons said : ^ S"^ftfT I kathaiu Ind. how I etad ? ut:id, A', sg. n, that? sas tad, N. sg, m. He abravit : bra, 3 sg. Imp/, Par, said: ( 1' ) ^^^^T ^ef^wKW ^^:gTO I ^^ ^if^T^: ^irt: aham ekada daksliini-araiiye Ind. cbiiran asraad, N. sg. I once Karm. -ya, L. sg. char, N. sg m. Pres. Ptc. Par. in the south- roaming ern-vvood apasyam, okas vriddha-vyaghras dris, 1 sg. cka, -V. Impf. Par. sg. in. saw. An snatas Karm. -ra, -V. sg. siiA, K. sg. m. past Ptc. Pass. old-tiger bathed kusa-hastas saras-tire brute : bbo Bahttv. -ta, N. sg. i>i. witli kusa grass- in his hand Ttp. -ra, L. sg. on a lake-bank brii, 3 sg. Pres.Atm. Ind. says : Ho, bhos Ind. ho, pantha, -tha, T'. sg. wanderer, idara idani, N. sg. n. this ^^^^tjT ^fJfTt I rTrfr ^^TTlit'T ^^f^f^t^^T- suvarna-kankanaui Ttp. -iia, .V. sg. gold-bracelet grihyatam ! grab, ." sg. Imp. Pcuss. may be taken ! tatas Ind. lobha-akrishtena kena-chid jxuithena kini, Ind. -tlia, /. sg. J. sg. m. Then by a desire-attracted some wanderer Ttp. -ta I. ,as< Ptc. Pass. dear, bliutanam -ta, G.pl.n. of living beings api te Ind. tad, N. pi. m. also it tatha Ind. thus, ^T??ft^^ ^S^l ^^t ^ff?r ^T^?: II ^"^ II atman-aupamyena Ttp. -ya, /. stj. bhiiteshu -ta, L. pi. n. day am -yS,, Ace. sg. kurvanti sadhavas. (11) kri, ;? p?. -Ahn, N, pi. ni. Pres. Par. Through self-comparison unto living beings sympathy bestow the good. aparam cha, prati-a-khyane cha dane cha sukha-duhkhe -ra, X. S(/. 11. Ind. Another -na, L. sg. and, In refusing priya-apriye Ind. -na, i. Sfl". Ind. Dvandva.-Wiix,L.sg. Diiandva.-ya,,L.sg. and, in granting and, in pleasure- in pleasintr- (and) pain, (and) displeasing. ^TT^rtTO^ ^^^: -R^TiT^f^iT^f^ II ^«^ II atman-aupamyena Tip. -ya, /. sg. through self-comparison purushas -sha, JV. sg. a man pra-manam -na, Ac. sg. a scale adhi-gachchhati. (12) gam with adhi, 3 sg. Pres.Par. obtains. ^^W I 'IT^WrlTTTTTl ^T^^l ^^WrT^ I anyad cha, matri-vat para-dareshu para-dravyeshu loshta-vat •yViyN.sg.n. Ind. Ind. Tfp.-ra,L.Z'l. Ttp. -ya, L. pi. Ind. Again and, As-on a mother on another's-wife, on another's-possessions as-on a lump of earth. ^Tm^<^l^% ?t: m^f^ ¥ ^f%rr: ii ^^ ii atman-vat Ind. as-on himself sarva-bhiiteshu Kami, -ta, L. pl.n, on all-beinjjs yas pasyati yad, N. sg. m. dris 3 sg. Pres. Par. ■who looks. sas panditas. (13) tad, N. sg. m. -ta, N. sg. m. he wise. tvam cha ati-iva dus-gatas, tcna tad tubhyam yushmad, iV. sjjr. Ind. Ind. Ind. Kami. -ta, N.sg.m. tad, l.,sg. n. Adv. tad, Ac. sg.n. yushiiiad, 2). s^r. Thou and exceedingly bad-circumstanced, therefore this to thee ^Trj ^-^Wt S^ I fT^T ^# I datum da, Inf. to give sa-yatnas Bahuv. -na, N. sg. m. endeavouring ah am. asmad, N. sg. I. tatha Ind. cha uktam. Ind. vacli, N. sg. n. past Ptc. Pass. Thus and said, ^It^^T ^t?T^ ^ 1?^^^^ V^ I daridran -ra, Ac. pi. m. The poor bhara kaunteya ma pra-yachchha bhri, 2 ..si 2not-conf benefits. Ind. jad,A'.Si/.H. -n&.N.sg. Ati,'Asg. Pres. Karm. -rin,D.sg.m. Pass. thus what gift is given to one not-conferring dese kiile cha patre cha tad dunam sattvikam vidiis. (15) •sa, L. sg. -\a,L.sg. Ind. -Ta,,L.sg. Ind. -tad, Ac. -nn,Ac.sg. -ka, ^Ic. \id, Spl.Perf. sg.ii. sg.n. Par. In place, in time and, unto a worthy and, that gift a true one they record. person fT^^ ^"^ft Wm ^^^aF^Tir ^^T^ I ffrfr ^T^^- tad atra snrasi snatva suvarna-kaiikanam grihana. tatas yavat Ind. Ind. -ras, L. sg. snil, Ger. Ttp. -iia, Ac. sg. grah, ^ sg. Ind. Ind. Imp. Attn. Therefore here in the lake haying the gold-bracelet accept. Thereupon while bathed asau tad-vachas prati-itas lobhat saras snatum pra-visati, tavat adas, JV. T(p. -chas, i toith \)rB.t\, N. sg. -hha, Ab.sg. -TaSjAcsg. su&,, Inf. vis, w^?YA pra, 3 l7id. sg.m, Ac.sg. m. past Ptc. Pass. sg.Pres.Par. he his word trusting through desire the lake to bathe enters, then maha-panke ni-mngnas palayitum a-kshamas. panke patitara Karm. -kSi, L. sg. van]]icithn\,N.sg. ay w(Y/t pari, Karm. -ran, N. -kn,L.sg. pat, Ac.sg. m. past tn.past. Ptc. Pass. Inf. sg.m. Ptc. I'ass. into the great-mire plunged to escape unable. Into the mire the fallen drishtva vyaghras avadat : ahaha maha-panke patitas asi ; dfis, Ger. -ra, N. sg. vad, .3 sg. Impf, Ind. Karm. -ka, L. sg. pat, N. .sg. m. as, 2 scj.Pres. Par. _ past Ptc. Pass. Par. having seen the tiger said : ' Ah, ah, into the great-mire fallen thou art; ^rT^T^^^TSTT^^lf^ I T<5^T lit: l[t- atas tvilm aham ud-sthapayami, iti uktva Sanais sanais Ind. yushmad, asmad, N, sg, sthS, with ud, 1 sg. Ind. vach, Ind. Ind. A c. sg. Pres Par. Cans. thence thee I lift out,' thus having said, slowly slowly upa-gamya tena vyaghrena dhritas sas panthas achintayat : f^m with npa,, Ger. tad.I.sg.tn. -ra.I.sg. dhri, N. sg. m. tad, JV. 'iha,,N.sg. chint, ^ sg. Impf . past Pass. Ptc. sg.m. Par. having approached, by that tiger seized that wanderer thought : na dharma-sastram pathati iti karanam, I)ul. Ttp. -ra, Ac. sg, path, 3 sg. Pres, Par. Ind, -na, N. sg. Not ' the law-book he reads,' thus is a reason, na cha api veda-adhyayanam dus-atmanas Ind. Ind. Ind. Tfp.-na,]V.sg. BaJiuv. -man, G.sg. m. not and also the Veda-study of the wicked-minded. ( 22 ) ^»TT5 Tt^T"^ rl^Tf^f^^ sva-bliuvas Karm. -va, N. sg. the inborn- disposition eva lad. only atra Ind. here tatha Jnd. thus ati-richya(e rich ivilh ^t'xfisg. Pres. Pass. prevails, ^m T\^wii 'i^T ^^t ^^: II \4 II yatha pra-kritya, lud. -ti, I. sg. as by nature niadhuram -ra, N. sg. n. sweet go, G. pi. of cows payas. -yas, N. sg. the milk. (16) f^^ I ^^I[f|-?7f^TrT^t ^f%^T^f^W fit^T I hastin-snaiiaiu Tfp. -na. iV. sg. elephant-bathing iva J.id. like kriya, -ya, N. sg. the action, Kiiii-cha, avasa-indriya-chittanam Iiid. Ind. Bahuv. -tta, G.pl. in. Moreover, Of those with unsubdued senses- (and)-niiud ^^^T^T^'J^T^ "TT^ ^TT: ftj^ ft'TT II \^ II durbhaga-abharaua-prayas jnanam bharas kriyam vina. Bahuv. -ya, N. sg. m. -iia, N. sg, -ra, N. sg. -yil, Ac. sg. Ind. Unhappy women's-ornanients- resembling knowledge a burthen action without, (17) tad bhad krit; atra Ind. niara-atmake vi-svasas kritas. niaya bliadram na Jcritam yad tad, A', asmad, -ra,, A'. sg.n. Ind. kri.N.sg.n. Ind. Ind. PaJiuv. -ka, L. sg. m. -sa,N.sg. kfi, J^"^. sg. m. sg. n. I. sg. p. Pi. Pass, (iltman). past Ptc.P.iss. This by me prosperous not done, that here in the murderous- confidence placed. minded nakhinam -ill, G.pl.m. tatlia Ind. hi uktam, nadiuam sastra-paninam Ind. \ach,X.sg.n. past -di,G.pl. Bahuv. -m, G.pl.m. Ptc. Pass. Thus for said, Of rivers, of the weapon-in of the claw of the horn thus, sruiginam -ill, G.pl.m. tatha, Ind. hand havintr ig, possessing, possessing fw^T^ ^w ^(?w: ^"^"5 TT^^^i ^ II \^ II vi-svasas na ova kartavyas strishu 'SS.,N.sg, Ind. Ind. \in,N,sg.m. Ptc. Fut. Pass. -rl,L.pl. confidence not by any means to be made, in women, rajan-kuleshu cha. (IS) Tip. -la, Z. pi. Ind. in kinirs' families and. sva-bbavas aparam cha, sarvasya -ra, N. sg. n. Ind. -va, G. sg. m hi pari-ilcshyante na itare gunas ; Karm. -va, 2s^.pl. Ind. -ra, X. pi. m. -na, N.pl. Ind. iksh ivith |iari, 3. pi. Pres. Pass. Another and, Of every one indeed are investigated the natural-dis- not the other qualities; liositions, hi guHi'ui sarviin sva-bbavas nuirdbni vartate. (19) Ind. -UTx, Ac.pl. -\a, Ac. pi. m. Karm. -va., X.sg. -dhn.u, L.sg. vrit, S.sg. J'res.Atm. for qualities all the natural- at the head stands. disposition anyad clia, sas hi gaganii-vibari kalmasha-dhvamsa-lvari -ya,, X.sg.n. Ind. ta,d, !^'.sg.tn. Ind. 2'ip. -r'ni, N.sg.m. Tip. -r'm, N.sg.m. Again and, This indeed in the sky-roaming sin-destruction-causing ati-itya i Willi ati, Gcr, excelling ( 23 ) dasan-sata-kara-dliiui jyotisham madhya-chart Tfp. -rin, X. sg. in. -tis, G. pi. Tip. -rin, X sg. m. tcn-bundred-rays-bearing of the lights ia the midst-wandering vidlius api vidhi-yogat grasyate i ahuna asau ; -dim, X. sg. Ind. Tip. -ga, Ab. sg. gras, 3 sg. Pres. Pass. Am, I. sg. adas, X. sg. m. the moon even through fate-conjuncture is devoured by Rahu he; f%f%rIT}fq ^^JZ "RYf^^ ^: ^flW, II 5^'' II likhitam api lahlte pra-ujjliitum kas sam-nrthas? (20) \\kh, Ac. sg.n. past Ind. -tvi.,L.sg. ujjh iii7/; pra, J«/. kim,Xsi7. m. -thvi,, X.sg.m. Pic. Pass. what is written even on the forehead to-escape wlo able? iti chintayan eva asau vyaghrena vi-a-pilditas kliaditas cha. atas liul. o\\\\\t, X.sg.m. Ind. adas, .V. S;7. w. -ra, /. s<7. \>ViAicith\\and &, k\\&CL, X.sg.m. Ind. Ind. Ptc.Pres.Par. X.sg. m.jja-sf Ptc. past Ptc.Pass. Pass. Cans. Thus reflecting even he by the tiger killed, eaten and. Therefore ahain bravimi: kaiiknnasya tu lobhena iti-adi. atns sarvatha a-viclnuitain asmad, iV. «5r. bril, 1 sgr. -nz,,G..^g. Ind. -hha., I. sg. Ind. Ind. Ind. Karm.-tn.X.sg.n. Pres. Par. (rf.cha.rtcifh\i) I say: 'of gold but through etc' Therefore anyhow an incon- desire, siderate ^4 ^ ^f?^ I ^ct: I karma na kartavynm. yatas, -man, X. sg. Ind. kji, X. sg. n. Ptc. Fid. Pass. Ind. act not to be done. For, su-jirnam annam su-vichakshnnns sutas su-sfuita stii r.ri-patis su-scvitas Kiirm. -no., -na,,X. sg. Karm. -no., -ta,,X.sg. Karm. -ta, -Ti,X.sg. Tfp. -ti, X.sg. Kami. -ia., X.sg.n. X.sg.m^ X.sg f. _ X.sg.m. Well-digested food, a wcl! -discerning son, a well-governed wife, a prince well-t^ervod, su-chintya cha uktara su-vicharya yad krltain su-dirgha-kale apt na chint, tvith uu, Ind. vnvh.X.sg.n. char tvl'h vi, yad, A'. Viri, X.sg.n. Karm.-\;\, L.sg. Ind. Ind. Ger. past Ptc.Pass. Gcr. Cans. sg.n. past Ptc.Pass. Well-having and spoken, well-having what done, in very-long-time even not reflected considered mf^ f^f%^t II 5^\ II yati vi-kriyani. (•2\) yt, 3. sg. Pres. Par. -ya, Ac. sg. goes to change. etad vachanam srutva kas - chid kaporas sa-darpam alia: ah kim cvam uchyate? etad, -wa^Ac.sg. srii, Gid. -i,a.,N.sg. Ind. -bha, JV. Sir. -pa, G.sff.n. -na, N. sr/. from desire infatuation and, destruction and ; desire of evil tbe cause. ^^W I ^^i %*I^TT^ ^5?T rf^Tft TT'tY ^^H ^TT^ I anyad cba, a-sambhavam hema-mrifrasya jannia, tatba api ramas Inlubhe nirijiiiya; •ya.,N. Ind. Balmv. -\a., N. Ttp. -^s\, G. sg. -man, Ind. Ind. -ma,.V. sjr. hibh,3.sff. -gd.B.sf/. sff. n. sg. n. N. sr/. Pcrf. Atm. Again and, Impossible the gold-deer's birth, yet thus even Eama hadade- for the sire deer ; ^{\•^: '^■^Jv:^^v^^J^ fwT sf^ ^wt '^^J ^^f^ II ^^^ ii prilyas saniapanna-vipatti-kale dliiyas api puiiisam malinas bhavanti. (27) Ind. T(p. -la, L. sg. (rt. patl ivith sam-A) dlii, N. 'pl. Ind. puriis, G. pi. -nn, i\'. pl.f. bhu, 3 pi. Pns.Par. often at the approached- misfor- the minds even of men obscured become, tune's-time an-antaram sarve jalena baddhas babhuvus. tatas yasya vaf^J'.anat Ind. -\Vk,N.pl.m. -\3.,I.sg. ham\h.,K.pl.m. bhft, SjJ^. Ind. yad,G.sg.iX. -\iSk,Ah.sg. past Pfc. Pass. Per/. Par. Immediately all by the net caught were. Then whose through speech tatra ava-lambitas tam sarve tiras-kurvanti. Ind. lamb tvith avsk, X. pi. m. tad, Ac. sg. m. 'Va.,N.pl.m, "kri with tveas,^ pi. past. Ptc. Pass. ' Pres. Par. there descended, him all reproach. yatas, na ganasya agratas gachchhet, siddhe karye samam phalam, Ind. Ind. -na, G. sg. Ind, gam, .3 sg. sidh, L. sg. n. -ya, L. sg. -ma, JV. -la, N. sg. Pot. Par. past Ptc. Pass. sg.n. For, not of a mass in front one should go; succeeding the action, equal the fruit, ^f^ ^T^f%trf%: ^T^WT^^ "f^^ 11 '^^ II yadi karya-vipattis syat mukharas tatra hanyate. (28) Ind. Ttp. -tti, N. sg. as, 3 sg. Pot. Par. -ra, N. sg. m. Ind. ban, 3 sg. Pres. Pass. if action-failure should be, the leader there is slain. tasya tiras-karam srutva chitra-grivas uvacha : na ayam asya doslias ; tad, G'. •ra,Ac.sg. sru, Crer. Bahnv.-sa, vach,3s£/. Ind. idani,i\^ idam,(7. -s\\a,N.sg. sg.m. N.sg. Perf. Par. sg.m. sg.m. Of him the reproach having Chitragriva said: Not this of him the fault ; ■ heard hitas api a-yati hetutam ; -ta, N. sg. m. Ind. yft ^vith k, ^sg. -ik, Ac. sg. Pres. Par. a friend even goes-to the state of being yatas. a-padam a-patanfinam Ind. For, -pad, G. pi. pat ^vith a, G. iil.f. Ptc. Pres. Par. Of misfortunes arriving o^ the cause 5 W^^'EIT f% ^•^^ •^■jft^^fTT ^V^ II s^^. II matri-jangha hi vatsasya stambhi-bhavati baudhane. (29) Ttp. -glui. A', sg. Ind. -sa, G. sg. stambhi-bbu, 3 sg. Pres. Par. -ua, L. sg. the mother s-leg for of a calf jjost-becomes in the lastciiin-"- ( 26 ) anyad cha, sas bandhus yas vi-panniinam apad-iiddhararia-ksliamas, -ya, X. sff. 11. Ind. tad, X. -dhu, N. sg. yad, N. sg. m. pad wifh vi, G.pl. Ttp. -uia, N. sg. m. sg. m. m.past Ptc. Pass. Again and, lie a friend who of the aflllcted out of misfortune-to lift- able, ^ fj ^IrT^fK^TW^^^^^^f^fT: II \° II na tu bhita-parltrana-vastu-upalambha-panditas. (30) Ind. Ind. Ttp. -ta, N. sg. m. Not but the danger-deliverance-means-reproaching-clever. tad atra dhairyani Ind. Ind. -ya, Ac. sg. erefore here firmness vipad-kale vi-smayas eva kapurusha-lakshanam. Ttp. -la, L. sg. -ya, iV. sg. Ind. Ttp. -na, iV. sg. At misfortune-time amazement just a weak-raan's- mark. ^^'^ ■Rrft^TTfWr&siisya.X.s\ims,G.pl. Kami, -la, I. pi. -ka., I.pl.n. Ind. Combination better of men witb tbeir- families small even, fjWTfq ^fr^^T^ 'T icrfV^f^ rt^^T: II ^y. II tusbena api pari-tyaktas na pra-robanti tandulas. (35) -sha, /. s^. Ind. iya.ywithy\ax\,X.pl.m. Ind. Tn\\with])Yn,'i pi. -\di,X.pl. past Ptc. Pass. Pres. Pa r. by tbe busk merely deserted not grow-up Tf^ f^f^fJJ" ^f%^: ^"W ^T^^T^^rqf?rfTT: I iti vi-cbintya paksbinas sarve jalam a-daya ud-patitas. Ind. cMnt with vi, Ger. -shin, .V. -va.iV'.p?. /». -la, ^c.ss'. d&. with &., ii^t wif/i ud,X. pt.m. pi. m. Ger. past Ptc. Pass. Tbus having considered, tbe bii'ds all tbe net baving taken, flown- up. an-antaram sas vyadbas su-durat jala-apab;xrakan tan ava-Iokya Ind. tad, X. -dha, X. sg. Ind. Tip. -ka, Ac. pi. m. tart, Ac. lok with ava, sg. m. pi. in. Ger. Thereupon tbat hunter from very-far net-carrying off them having seen, pascbat dbavan acbintayat : Ind. dhkv.N.sg.m.Ptc.Prcs.Par. chmt,!isg.Imnf.Par. after running, thought : £ 2 ( 28 ) ^'?riT'^ '^tsm fm m^ f^'ivnr. i sam-hatas tu Ind. ban with sam, iV. pi. m. prist Ptc. Pass. Combined indeed haranti hri, 3 pi. Pres. Par. take away ete mama jahun vlham-gamas, etad, N. asmad, G. sg. -la, Ac. sg. -ma, N. pi. of me the net the birds, pi, m. these yadii tu ni-patishyanti vasani eshyanti me tada. Ind. Ltd. pa.t with m,3 pi. Fut.ii. Par. -sa, Ac. sg. i, S pi. Fut. ii. Par. asm&A,G.sg. Ind. if but down-they shall fall, into the power they will go of me then. (36) tatas teshu cliakshus-vishaya-atikruuteshu pakshishu sas vyadhas Ind. t&d, L.pl.m. Ttp. -ta,, L. pi. m. {rt. 'kra.m with ati) -shin.L.pl.m. tad,N.sg.7n. -dha,N.sg. Then those the sight-confines-having passed birds, that hunter atha lubdhakam ni-vrittam Ind. -ka,Ac.sg. vntivithn\,Ac.sg.m. Ptc. Pass. past Ptc. Pass. returned. Now the hunter returned ni-vrittas. vrit ivith ni, N. sg. m. past drlshtva dris, Ger, having seen kapotas -ivi.,N.i>l. the pigeons ^^: I f%ft^^ ^». as, 2 s.7. Pres. /;«/. asmad, iV. s;/. sg.n. Per/. Far. Ptc. Fut. Pass. Par. this said : Oh Hiranyaka, to be praised thou art ; hence 1 fq ^^T W^ ^^'^f^^Tfrr I ^rfr ^t ^"^^T^^^fJ- S5. -N api tvaya saha maitrim ichchhami ; atas mam maitryena anu-grahitum Ind. yuslimad, Ind. -ri, Ac. sg. ish,! sg.Pres. Ind. asmad, -ya, I.sg. grah with a.nu, I.sg. Par. Ac. sg. . . Inf. also thee with friendship wish ; therefore me with friendship to favour arhasl. etad srutva hiranyakas api vivara-abhyantarat aha : axh,2sg.Pre.s.Par. ctad,Ac.sg.n. srn, Ger. -ka.,]V.sg. Ind. Tlp.-ra, Ab.sg. ah,3sg. deign. This having heard Hiranyaka also from the hole's-inside said : kas tvam? sas brute: laghupatanaka-nama vayasas aham. kim, N.sg.m. yusbmad, iV.ssr. tad, N.sg.m. hr ii, 3 sg. P res. Bahuo. -m&n, N.sg. m. -sn, N. sg. asmad, Atm. K.sg. Who thou ? He says : Laghupatanaka-named a crow I. hiranyakas vi-hasya aha: ka tvaya saha maitri? -ka,,N.sg. has witJi vi Ger. ah,S sg.Perf.Par. Mm,]V.sg.f. yi\s\\mM\, I. sg. Ind. -ri,N^. sg. Hiranyaka, laughing, says: What thee with friendship? ^ct: I 5?WT ^^^ ^^ 5^^^ ^^^(T^ I yatas, yad yena yujyate loke budhas tad tena yojayet; Ind. yad, A^. ya.d,I.sg.n. yu], '.isg.Pres. -ka.L.sg. -dlin., N.sg.ni. tad, ^le. tad, I.sg.n. yii], Ssg. Pot. sg.n. J^ass. sg.n. Par. Cans. For, What with what is iittiug in the world, a wise man that with that should unite; aham annam bhavan bhokta ; katham pritis bhavishyati? (.'53) asmad, N. sg. -11a, X. sg. -vat, N. sg. m. -tri, N. sg. m. Intl. -ti, X. sff. bliu, 3 sg. Put. ii. Par. I the food, you the eater ; how love will be ? aparam cha, bhaksliya-bhakshukayos pritis vi-pattes eva karanam ; -TBj,N.sg.n. Ind. JJrand va. -ka,, G. du.vi. -ti,N.sg. 'tt\, G. sg. Ind. -nii,X.sg. Another and. Of the food- (and)- the feeder love, of misfortune alone the cause ; srigalat pasa-baddhas asau nirigas kTikena rakshitas. (54) -\ii,Af).sg. T/p.-dh:i,X: sg. m. a.diis,N. sg.m. ■y;a,N.sg. -kn,I.sg. TVi\s\\,N.sg.m. past Ptc. Pass, through a jackal snare-bound that deer by the crow saved. ^T^^T S^^fT^ I ^^^rfrT^ I f%K^^: ^^^f?r I '^f^ ^^^^^ vayasas abravit: katham etad? hiranyakas kathayati: asti magadha-dese ■a&,N.sg. hr(i.:i sg. Ind. etad, iV. -ka, N.sg. kath,tisg.Pres. ns,3sg.Pres. Karm.-sa,L.sg. Iinpf. I'ar. sg.n. Par. Par. The crow said: How that? Hiranyaka relates: There is in the Magadha- counlry ( 37 ) champakavati nama aranyani ; tasyam cliirat mabata, snchena -ti, iV. SfiT. -man, Ac. Sff. Adv. -nUX.scf. ta,d,L.sc/.f. -ra,,Ab.sg.n.Adv. -ha.t, I. Sff. in, -ha,Lsg. Champakavati byname a large wood; therein shice long with great affection mriga-kakau ni-vasatas. sas cha mrlgas sva-ichchhaya bhramyan Dvandva. -ksL, N. du. vtia withm,S ta,Ci,X.S(;.m. Ind. -ga.,X. sg. Karm. -c\vd, I. sg. hhram. N.sg.m du. Pres. Par. Ptc. Pres. Par a (leer- (and) a crow dwell. That and deer at his- pleasure roaming Lrislita-pushta-angas kena - chid srigalena ava-lokitas. tam drishtva srigalas Bahuv.-ga, N.sg.7n. kim, I. sg.m. Ind. -\a, I. sg, \ok wi/hn.va,N'.sg. tad, ^e. dris, Ger. -la,, K.sg. m. past Ptc. Pass. sg. m. frisky-fat-limbed by some jackal (was) espied. Him having seen the jackal achintayat : ah katham etad-maiiisam su-lalitam bhakshayami ? bhavatu, ch.ini,'i sg.Impf. Ind. Ind. Ttp, -sa,Ac,sg, Karm. -ta, Ac. hhaksh, \sg. Pres, hhA.Ssg. Imp. Par. sg.n. Par. Par. thought: Ah, how of him- the meat the very-delicate I eat ? Beit, vi-svasam tavat ud-padayami, iti a-lochya upa-sritya abravit: •sa, Ac. sg, Ind, }^a.d ivifhiid.lsg. Ind. lochtviiha, sri itur'/nipa, hrii, 3 sg. Imp/, Pres. Par. Caus. Ger. _ Ger. Par. confidence first I produce. Thus having thought having approached he said : mitra kusalam te. mrigena uktam : kas tvam ? sas -Ta,V,sg, -In, X. sg.n, yiishmad, -ga.,I.sg. \a.c\\,X.sg.n.past kim, X. sg.m. j^uslnnad, tad, JV. i>. sg. Ptc. Pass, K. sg. sg. m. Friend, hail to thee. By the deer said : "Who thou ? He biute : kshudrabuddhi-nama janibukas aham ; atra aranye bandhu-hinas bru.SSi/. Bahitv. -\na.u,X.sg. m. -ka,X.sg. asmad, Ind, -ya.,L.sg, Ttp, -nn, X.sg.m.{\yj.) Pres. Atm. N. sg, says: Kshudrabuddhi-named a jackal I; here in the wood relation-deprived mrita-vat ni-vasami ; idanim tvam mitram a-sadya punar sa-bandhus Ind, vas if/'tV/i ni, 1 Ind. yushniad, -ra, Ac. sg. sad with &, Ger. Ind. JBa?iuv. -dhu, X.sg. 7n, sg. Pres. Par. Ac.sg. Cans. dead-like 1 dwell ; now thee a friend having I'ound again relation-possessed jiva-lokam pra-vishtas asmi ; adhuua tava anu-charena maya sarvatha Ttp. -ka, Ac.sg. \is with pra,, X. sg, a.s, 1 sg. Ind. yushmad, -ra, I. sg.m. asiiiad, Ind. m, past Ptc. Pass, Pres. Par, G.sg. I.fg. into of the entered I am ; now of thee the attendant by me wholly living-the world bhavltavyam. uirigeua uktam : evam astu. tatas paschat astara-gate \A\i\.X.sg.n.Ptc. -ga, /. s(/. yac\\.X.sg.n.past Ind, as, S.s-//. Ind. Ind. gam w;Y/i astaui.i.S Put. Pass. Ptc. Pass, Imp. Par, m, past Ptc. Pass. to be. By the deer said : Thus it be. There-after, having gone-home ( 38 ) savitari bliaj!;avati maiirlii-inalini tau mrigasva vasa-bhiiiniin gataii. -trUI'.Sff. -vat, L.Sf/. III. Bahuv. -Vm,L.sg.m. tud, iS'. -ga, G. sff. Tt^T. -m\,Ac.sg. ga,m,N.c!i(.m. du. VI. past Pic. Pass. the sun, the venerable, the ray-gar- tliose two of the deer to the dwell- proceeded. landed, ing-place tatra champaka-vriksha-sakbayam subuddhl-nania kakas mrigasya chira-mitram Ind. Tfp.-khkyL.sg. Bahuv. -man, N.sg. in. -'ka,N.S(/. -gn,G.sg. Karm. -ra, JV. sg. There on a Champaka-tree-branch Subuddhi-named a crow, of the deer an old-friend, ni-vasati. tau drishtva kakas avadat : sakhe chitra-anga, kas \astvi(hm,Z ta,d, Ac. du.m. (\ris,Ger. -ka, iV". Sfir. va.d, 3 st/. -]ihi,V.sg. Bahuv. -ga,V.sg. 'kxvo., N.sg.m. sg.Pres.Far. ' Imj)f. Par. dwells. Those two having seen the crow said : Friend Chitranga, who ayam dvitiyas? nirigas brute: jambukas ayani asmad-sakhyam ichchhan idam, N. sg. m. -ya, N. sg. m. -ga, N. sg. bru, 3 sg. -ka, N. sg. idam, N. Ttp. -ya, Ac. sg. ish, N. sg. m. Ptc. Pres. Atm. sg. vi. Pres. Par. this second? The deer says: A jackal this of us-the friend- wishing ship a-gatas. kakas brute : mitra a-kasniat Ji-gantuna saha maitri gam with &, N. sg. m. -ka, N. sg. bril, 3 sg. -ra, V. sg. Ind. (kim) -tu, /. sg. Ind. -ri, N. sg. past Ptc. Pass. Pres. Atm. approached. The crow says : Friend, from no-where a comer with, friendship na yukta; tatha cha uktam : Ind. yu], N.sg.f. past Ind. Ind. vach, N.-ig.n. past Pic. Pass. Ptc. Pass. not proper ; thus and said : a-jfiata-kula-sihisya vasas doyas na kasya-chid, Bahuv. Aa, G.sg.m. -sa,N.sg. cVX, N.sg.m. l>tc.Fut Pass. Ind. khu, G.sg.m. Ind. Of one of unknown-family-(and)character residence to be given not of any one; ^T^TT^ f% ^w ^ffr T^ ^Xf^' II y.M. II mai-jarasya hi dosheua hatas gridliras jaradgavas. (55) -ra, G. .sg. Ind. -slia, /. sv/. hau, N.sg.m. past Ptc. Pass. -n, X. sg. -va, N. sg. of a cat for througli the offence slain the vulture Jaradgava. tau alialus : katham etad ? kiikas kathayati. tad, N. du. m. ah, 3 du. Per/. Par. Ind. etad, N. sg. n. -ka, N. sg. katli, 3 sg. Pres. Par, They both say: How that? The crow relates: as, :i ..sff. Tfp.-ainyA^.pl.m. -kshin, Karm.-ra.,Al).Sf/. kim-chid, ^c. s^r. w. liri Hv7/t N.pl.m. _ ml. Get: Now through ofhim-forthe on that- tree- birds from their own- a little a little having pity support roosting food taken • • • d&,Zpl.Pres.Par. t!u\,Lsr/.n. adas, iV.ssf.jH. iiv,Ss//.Prcs. Par. Ind. Ind BaJiniK -man, N'.sr/.tn. -ra„?s\.L n. Ind. -tva, i.pZ. -y&,Ac.sg. 1 Another and, Unto worthless even beings mercy show the good ; T f% #^T^ ^o^t ^^^t^T^i^f^ II 4' II Ind. Ind. hri with sam, 3 scf. Pres. Atm. -na, Ac. sg. -dra, N. sg. Ttp. -man, L. sg. not lor withholds (her) light the moon at the Chaiidrila-dwelling. (60) • • • -ya,y. sg.n. Ind. -th\,]\\ sg. yndyG.sg.m. BaJiuv. ~sa,,N'.sg.m, -ha, Ab. sg. \'vit tcithpnti-m, 3 sg. Pres. Atm. Again and, A guest of whom broken-hoped from the house turns away, ^ rl^ ^^fT ^T^T J^TIT^Z? ^•=^f?r II 4\ II tad, N.sg.m. B.sg.m. Kartn.-ta, d&,Ger. -ya,,Ac.sg. dH with H, Ger. gam, 3 sfl', Ac. sg. n. Pres. Par. He to him the guilt having given, the merit having taken, goes. (Gl) • • • -ya, N. sg. n. Ind. -ma, G. sg. m. Lid. -na, G. sg. -cha, iV. sg. m. Ind. -ha, Ac. sg. gam icifh A,, N.sg. m.past Ptc.Pass. Again and, Of the highest even caste a low person even to the house come 1^^^^ ^^T ^^^l^ ^^^■^•^x 5f?[f^: ii 4*1 ii pCij, N. sg. m. Ptc. Fut. Pass. Ind. -ya, N. sg. n. -ya, N. sg. m. -thi, N. sg. to be honoured as proper, all-gods representing a guest. (G2) •rz,,N.sg. vad, 3 .'. -oa.Ac.du. s-pris.S sg. hrd, 3 sg. Ind. asmad, Tfp. -ra, Ac.sg. Pres. Par. Pres. Aim. I.sg. the ground having touched, the ears touches, says and : By me the law-book •s*\ ^(^T €tfTTT^WT 5"^^ "^fT ^t^T^W^"JJJ^f%ri I 6ni,Oer. Bahuv.-ga,'I.so.m. idam, -ra. iV^ -to., N.sg. ■na,N.sg.n. so with adhi-ava y. sg.n. N.sg.7i. .y.v. ' past. Ptc. Pass. having heard, with gone-passions, this diiUcult vow Chandrayana undertaken. ( 43 ) Ind. vad tvith vi, G. pi. 11. Incl. Tfp. -ra, G.pl. Kami. -sCi, N. sg. •ma,X.sa.m. Ptc. Pres. Aim. With-one-another of the disputing even law-books 'not-injuring the highest -ma, N'. Sff. Ind. Ind. -ya, N'. sg. Ind. duty ' thus here unanimity. For, • Ttp. -ta, iV. pi. m. {7't. vrit with ni). yad, A'', pi. m. -ra, N. pi. Ttp. -lia, N. pi. m. Ind. yad, N. pi. m. From all-injury-abstaining which men, all-enduring and who, -va, G. sg. n. Kami, -ta, N. x>l. m. Ind. tad, N. pi. m. -ra, N. pi. Tip. -min, N. pi. m. of everything support-being and, those men to heaven-going. (63) •'ka,N.sg.m, Ind. -/. -ka, iV.p?. wf. W\(n\.N.pf.m. Ind. -\a,I.pl.m. past Ptc. Pass. ' By this very Jaradgava of us the young ones eaten.' Thus by all ( 46 ) -kshiii, JN'. p?. J«. vhi, tvith uis, Ger. -ra,X.so. ind ir/f7i vi-A, y. s/j. m. Tnd. asmatl, A^. sjjr. %iast I'tc. Pass. Cans. the birds bavins ascertained the vulture killed. Therefore I o hxti,lsg. Balmv.-\A,G.sa.m. Bahuv.-iW,Ac. sg. n. Iiid. karn, wifh H, Ger. tad, iV. Pres. Par, ^H- '"• say : ' of one of unknown-family- etc. Thus having heard that (and) character, • • • -ka, .V. s(j. Avyay. ah, 3 sg. Per/. Par. -pa, G. sg. Tip. -na, L. sg. -vat, K. sg. m. Ind. jackal with anger says : Of the deer on the first-seeing-day you also Bahuv. -la, N. sg. m. Ind. Ind. Ind. •\at,I. sg.m. Ind. cts^^d, G.sg.m. one of unknown-family- (and) character just; then how you with of him cs Tfp. -ti, N. sg. ■ Ind. vvicUi, 3 sg. Pres. Attn. the affection-continuance higher-higher grows? • • • • Ind. Kami. -na, N. sg. Ind. as, 3 sgr. tilAgh, N. sa. m. Ind. Bahuv. -dh\, JV. sg. m, Ind. Pres. Pat: Ptc. Put. Pass. Where a learned-man not is, to be praised there one of little-intellect even, f%T^Tr^$ ^ ilt^ sft ^TjT^^ II ^^ II Bahuv. -pa, L. sg. m. -Sa, L. sg. -da, N. sg. Ind. drumdya, S sg. Pres. Aim. in an of trees-deprived place the Eranda plant even is considered a tree. (6S) ^^W I ^^ f^^* ^f^ §f^ ^^^T W^^rr^t I -ya,N.sg.n. Ind. idvim, N.sg.m. -la,N.sg.m. -v^,N.sg.in. Ind. Ind. -wX,N.sg. Bahuv. -ta.s,G.pl.m. Again and, 'This one of us, a stranger or' thus calculation of the narrow- minded, :fcs Bahuv. -ta, G. pi. in. Ind. Tip. -dh:l, N sg. Ind. -ka, X. sg. of persons of generous-conduct on the contrary the earth even a family. (G9) • • • Ind. idam, iV. ,9(7. ?«. .ga.,N.sg. asraad, G.si/. -dhu, iV Sfir. Ind. -v&l,X.sg.m. Ind. -ga, JV.si/. As this deer of me a friend, thus you also. The doer ( IB ) • • • hrii, 5 sff. Imp/ J'ar. kim. If. sff.n. idam, I. sff.n. -va,Lsff. -\'a,I.pl.m. Ind. Tip. -■pa, T. pi. said : What with this discussion ? by all in one place, with confidence- talks, -kliiii, /. pi. m. stha,, 3 sg. Imp. Pass. happy let be remained. • • • • Ind. Lid. kim-chit, N. sg. m. G. sg. in, -ra, N. sg. Ind, kim-chit, N. G. sg. m, -pu, N. sg, sg. in. For, Not anybody of any body the friend, not anybody of any body the enemy, -ra, 7. Sfif. •r2i,N,pl, ian,S.pl,Pres,Atm. -pu,N.pl. Ind. through intercourse friends are made, enemies likewise. (70) ^T^^^ I ^^^^ I ^^ tjtct: ^f ^^Tfir^fi^^ ^rri: i -ka.,I.sg. vnch, N'.sg. 11. Ind. s.s,S sg. Ind. Ind. -va, 2V. Karm. -sa., Ac. sg. gam,N.pl.m. pastPtc.Pass. Imp. Par pl.ni. past Ptc.Pass. By the crow said: Thus it be. Now in the morning all to ad libitum- gone. place Ind. -ta, Ac. sg. n. -la, N. sg. brft. 3 sg. -klii, V. sg. idam, L.sg. m. Ttp. -§a, L. sg. Karm. -ra. Adv. Pres. Aim. N. sg. One day secretly the jackal says: Friend, in this of the wood- acorn-lilled- one part field as, 3 sg. tad, Ac. asmad, yuslimad, iii, Ger. dri§, 1 sg. Ind, kri, L. sg. ii. past Pros. Par. sg.n. N. sg, Ac.sg. Pres. Par. Caus. 'Ptc.Pass. is, that I, thee having conducted, show. Thus done as, L. sg. n. -ga, iV. sg. Avyay. Ind. gam, Ger, -ya, Ac. sg. khfl,d, 3 sg. Ind, Ttp, -ti, I. sg. Ptc. J'rcs. Par. Pres. Par. being, the deer daily there having gone the corn eats. Now by the field- owner • • tad, ^e. 5^. M. driS, Ger. 'in.N.sg. yii}, N. sg. m. past Ind. Ind. g&m witJi fi.N'.sg.m, Ptc. Pass. Caus. jjast Ptc. Pass. that having perceived a snare fixed. Thereupon again approached •g&,N.sg. -sa.,I.pl. hamlh, N..l. m. past Ptc. Pass. Again and, Of brutes even confidence is seen (performing) pure-only-actions, ( 53 ) ^at f% ^T^nft^^T^WTT 1 Pl^^^ II ^8 II -t, G.pL m. Lid. -Usi.Ab. s^^, Karm. -va, A^, sg. Lid, vrit withmy^sg.Prcs.Atm, of the good for from good-character the natural-disposition not turns away. (84) Iml. -<\.\\\\, O.sg.m. kupwithpra.G.scr.m. Ind. -im9,N.sg. Ind. yiiwitli?i,Zs(j. -y&,Ac.sc/, 2jusi Ptc. Pass. Cans. Pres. Par: Moreover, of the good irritated even the mind not goes-to change, Ind. Ind. tap, Inf. Caus. -ya, JV. sg. n. Tip. -blias, N. sg. Ttp. -kA, I. sg. Not for to heat possible the ocean-water with a straw-Gre. (85) -kv.,N.sg. brft, 3 *fir. -\z,,N.sg.m. yiishmad, -la, 7. s^r. Ind. •\\a.,N'.sg. Ind. Pres. Aim. N. sg. Hiranyaka says: Unsteady thou, an unsteady one with friendship liy any means ^ ^f?^: I Ind. kri, X. sg. m. Ptc. Fut. Pass, not to be made. • • Ind. Ind. va.ch, N.sg. n. -ya, N. sg. -sha,N.sg. -sha, N. sg. -ka, N. sg. Karm. -sha, iV.sg. Ind, past Ptc. Pass. Thus and said : A cat, a buffalo, a ram, a crow, a bad man likewise, • • • • -^&,Ah.sg. h\mtrith]irii,Zpl. ctad, N. pi. m. -sa,N. sg. Ind. Ind. -ta,, X.sg.m. Pres. Par. from confidence become strong these ; confidence there not proper. (86) • • • Ind. -ya,,N.sg.n. Bahuv.-sha,, N.sg.tn. -vat, iV. asmnd, va.c\\, N. sg.n.past Ind. etad.A''. sg. m. G. pi. Ptc. Pass. sg. n. Besides another; with the enemies-siding you of us ; said and this: -ru, /. sg. Ind. Ind. dliA, vUIi sam, 3 sg. Karm. -ta, 7. sg. m, Ind. -lUii, 7. sg. Pot. Par. With an enemy not surely one should unite through a well-fastened even union, oneself ^rr>{i?fq ^T^^ ir^lT^^^ ^\^^ II ^^ II Karm. -ta, 2V. sg. n. Iml. -ya, N. sg. sam, 3 sg. Pres. Par. Caus. Ind. -ka, Ac. sg. wcll-heated also water quenches yet the fire. (87) ( 54 ) ^3it: ttftf ?J^T fl^m^'aifr sfq ^i^ Karm. -iia, X. sg. liri with pari, N. sg. m. -yil, /. sg. kri wt^/t alam, iV. sg. m. Ind. as, .V, sg. m. Pfe, Ptc. Fat. Pass. _ ' jxtst Pte. Pass. Prc's. Par, A wicked mau to be avoided with knowledge decorated even being, -\\\,I.sg. bliiish, .v. .fff. wi. -pa, iV. «(^ /Krf. adas, iV. sasl Ptc. Pa.is. sg. m. With these qualities endowed but you-another by me who as a friend TT^: I Tc^Tlf^ r^^^^^T^^ f%TW^ ap wilh pra. X. sg. m. Bahtiv. -di, Ac. sg. n. Tip. -na, Ac. sg. karn ivitli &, -ka, X. sg. Pfc. Put. Pass. Gcr. to be found ? Thu5-bcginning of him-the speech having heard, Hiranyaka ( 56 ) • • • Jiid. sri with nis, Ger. &h,Ssg. ■pydlwithh,N.sa.in. asmad, iV. s^r. -vat, G. idaui, /. Perf. Par. past Ptc. Pass. Caus. j^l. m. so. n. forth out-slipping says: Regaled I of you by this c m Tip. -ta, /. sg. Ind. Ind. vach, N. sff. n.past Ptc. Pass. word-nectar. Thus and said : Tip. -ta, Ac. sg. m. Ind. Ind, Kami, -la, I. pi. -iia, K. sg. Ind. Tip. -li, N. sg. The heat-oppressed not thus with cool-waters bathing, not a pearl-neckhice, Ind. Ttp. -na, N. sg. sukhaya, 3 sg. Pres. Par. Avyay, Ind. ri, iV'. sg. n. past Ptc. Pass. Caus. not sandal-ointment comforts, liaib by limb even applied, -ti, D. sg. Ttp. -ta, N. sg. bhii with ]ira, Ind. Ind. -tas, G. sg. Ssg. Pres. Par. to the gratification of good-men-the speech serves commonly as oftliemind, ^^^T ^ JT^rt ^lifrl^T^lifS'T"^^^ li £-^ ii Kami, -ti, I. sg. Ind. kri toith puras, N. sg. n. -tin, G. pi. m. Bahuv. -ma, N. sg. n. 2mst Ptc. Pass. with good -argu- and put-forth of the good, attraction-charm- (9G) Vnent equal. -ya, N. sg. n. Ind. Ttp. -da, X. sg. -hk, K sg. Ind. -ya, JV. sg. -t&, N. sg. Again and. Secret-betrayal, begging and, severity, fickle-mindedness, •dha, y. sg. -ta, N. sg. -ta, N. sg. ctad, iV. sg. n. -ra, G. sg. -na, X. sg. anger want-of truth, gambling, — this a friend's fault. (97) v\a,m,I.sg.m. Tip. -ma., I. sg. Tip. -T^a, X. sg. Ind. yushmad, i. .s^r. Ind. laksli,.0.«!i7.PrfS. PflM. Through this speech-course ofthem-one- even in thee not is perceived : I'ault Ind. -tva^X.sg. -Ua.X.sg. Tlp.-<,fA,I.sg. hw\\\,.)sg. Pres. Pass. For, Eloquence, veracity, through the speech-course is known, •tva, X. sg. -ya, X. sg. -ksha, I. sg. n. Adv. ftam tcith ava, 3 sg. Pres. Pass. unsteadiness, fickleness, at sight is discovered. (98) ( 57 ) ss: .c 'TA, K. sg. n, Ind. Ind. Lid. Ind. -da,, y.scr. hhxi, S s;/. Pot. Par. TiaJiuv. -man, G.xr/. m. Another and, Otherwise truly for the friendship will be of the pure-minded, JT^rTfT S^m ^Wt ^T^^^rl^rl^: II ^^ 11 vrit vsith pra, 3 sg. Pres. Atm. Ind. -ni, N. sg. Bahuv. -tas, G. sg. m. proceeds otherwise the language of one whose heart-is afiected- (99) by deceit. ^rsT^^^T^^T^f^^m^^TTT^TTT I -nas, L. sg. -ya, JV. sg. n. -clias, L. sg. -ya, 2V". sg. n. -ya, N.sg.n. -ya, N. sg. n. Bahnv. -man, G. pi. m. In the mind another thing, in the speech another, the action another of the wicked, ^H§^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^TrfT'Tt II V"" II • • * -nas, L. sg. -ka, N. sg. n. -clias, L. sg. -ka, N. -man, i. sg. -ka, iV. Bahuv. -man, G. pi. m. sg. n. _ sg. n. in the mind one thing, in the speech one, in the action one of the noble-minded. (100) • • • Ind. hhu,3 sg. -vat, G.sg.m. man witJi ah\u, N.sg.n. Itul. Ind. vacli, Ger. -ka,, N. sg. Imp. Par. past. Ptc. Pass. Therefore be of you the wished even. Thus having said Hiranyaka m -ya,, Ac. sg. dh&, withvi, Ger. T(p. -sha,, I. pi. -sa.Ac.sg. t\xsh+ sum, Ger. Caus. -ra,,An.sg. friendship having made, with food-dainties the crow having regaled, the hole ■Rft-g-: I ^T^^ sft ^^T^ 'm: i rfrr: ^i?f?r n^- vis xvith pra, N. sg. m. -sa, N. sg. Ind. Karm. -na, Ac. sg. gam N. sg. m. Ind. Ind. tad, G. du. m, past. Ptc. Pass. past Ptc. Pass. entered. The crow also to his-place gone. Thence-forward of those two • • • Ttp. -na, I. sg. Ttp. -na, I. pi. Tip. -pa, /. pi. Ind. -la, N. sg. vrit with ati, 3 sg. Pres.Atm. with mutual- with health- with confidential- and, the time passes by. food-presenting, enquiries, conversations Ind. -\ia,,N.sg. ■'ka,Ac.sg. ah,:i sg. Per/. Par. -khi, F. Sfir. Bahvv. -n, Ac. sg- n. One day Laghupatanaka to Hiranyaka says : Friend, with very diflicuU-to be procured-food Uhim, Ar.sg.ii. -m, Ac. sg. tynj w/Y/i pari, r.V)'. Ttp. -ra. Ac.sg. ?rim, /»/. Uh,\ sg. Pres. Tar, this place having left to another place to go I wish. I ( 58 ) -■ka, iV. «i/. hr(i,3sff. -rtL,V.sg. Ind. gam, N.st/.n.Ptc. Ind. lad. vixcli, N. sf/.n. past Pres.Alm. Fnt.Pass. Pic. Pass. HIranyaka says : Friend, where to be gone ? Thus and said : ^^(€r^^ m^^ fn^c^T^ir^ ^fl'^'T, chal, 3 sg. Pres. Par. -ka, I. sg. m. -da, I. sg. sthfl-, 3 sg. Pres. Par. -ka, I. sg. m. -mat, N. sg. m. He goes with one foot, he stands with one, the wise man, Ind, ikshwithsam,Ger.tvith& -ra,Ac.sg.n. •aa,Ac.sg. -va.,Ac.sg.n. -ua.Ac.sg. tyajiSsg.Pot.Par. not, without-having seen another place, the former abode one should leave. (101) -sa, N. sg. brfl, 3 sg. Pres. Aim. as, 3 sg. Pres. Par. Karin. -na, N. sg. -ka, iV. sg. vail, 3 sg. Impf. Par. The crow says : There is a well-investigated-place. Hiranyaka said : fir rfH I WT^^ ^^ I ^^1% ^^^T^^ kim. A', sfir. n. t'x(\.,N.sg.n. -sa.N'.sg. hrii,3sg.Pres.Atm. &s,3 sg. Pres. Par. Kami. -ya, L. sg. What that? The crow says: There is in the Dandaka-wood Bahuv. -na, N'. sg. n. -ras, N. sg. Ind. Tfp. -ta, N. sg. m. Kami, -il, N. sg. asinad, G. sg. Karpuragaura-named a lake; there since a long-time- a dear-friend of me ac(]^uired i?^TTpTVT5T: ^^TT vifiS^: T[f^^w{^ I Bahuv. -na, N. sg. m. -pa, N. sg. -ka, N. sg. ni. vas with prati, 3 s.-/- Pres. Par. Manthara-named a tortoise, virtuous, dwells. Ind. Tip. -Sa, Z. s//. -ya, N. sg. -va, 6'. pi. m. -ra, iV. *•£/. n. uri, 6'. jj?. For, In to others-advice skill of all easy of men, V^ ^^TTg^T^ ^^f^^ ^^T7?r^: II \°5^ II ■mii,L.sg. -yvi.N.sg.n. -na, N. sg. k'lm-chid. G. sg.m. Ind. lialiiw. -mww, G. mj.w. in virtue one's own practice of some one, indeed, higlmiiuded. (102) tad, N. sg. m. Ind. Tip. -sha, I. pi. asinad, Ac. sg. \rh\h vith sam, 3 sg. -ka, N. sg. Put. ii. /'«>'. Cans. He and with food-dainties me will treat. Hiranyaka ( 5fl ) • • • • f»d. iih, S scf. Per/. Ind. V\m,N.sr).n. Ind. stliil wJ//( ava,r/er. asmad, /. s^f. kri,N.sf/.v. Ph: Fut.Pass. also says : Then, what, here staying, by me to be done ? /«d. yad, Z. Sflf. w. -Sa, £. >3;ftTlfTT^^fT I ft^T^W ^?^T^ I ^§ f%ftf^ 'T'T Bahuv. -nvi, -nn,Ac,sg. tad, 3 s^. Bahuv. -na, va.ch,Zsg. -khi, V, sg. Ind. Ind. asmad, iV. s<7." I)npf.Par. N. sg'. Per/ Par. _ G.sg. Chudakarna the ground struck. Vinakarna said: Friend, why thus of me Ttp. -ta, A', sg. m. Ttp. -ta, N. sg. m. -vat, N. sg. m. Bahuv. -na, /. sg. vacli, X. sg. «.' past J 'ass. Ptc, the speech-neglecting on something else-intent you ? By Chudakarna said : • • • -ra.,V.sg. Ind. asmad, ra.ni with \\, X..ig.m. Ind. dr\s, 2 sg. idam, A^. -ka. A'. Sfl'. asmad, G.sg. N.sg. iiasi Ptc. I'ass. Imi). Par. sg.m. Friend, not I absent j but look, this mouse of me ( C2 ) I^Tft ^TT 1T^^ fir^T^wvaHf s» \a • -rill, jV. sg. m. Ind. Ttp. -stha, Ac. sg. n. Tip. -na, Ac. sg. \)\\\ ici/h lul, Ger. the plunderer always the in the dish-staying alms-food, leaping up, ^^^f?r I ftWT^^ ^TT^rT^ ft^^T^ I ^^ bhaksh, 3 sg. Bahuv. -na, N. sg. Ttp. -ka, Ac. sg. lok with vi, Ger. ah, 3 s£r. 7«cZ. Pres. Par. ' . . Perf. Par. eats. Vinakarna the pin in the wall having examined, says : How -ka, N. sg. Bahuv. -la, N. sg. m. Ind. -vat, Ac. sg. n. -ra, Ac, sg. n. Adv. pat with nd, 3 sg. Pres. Par. a mouse, of very-little-strength though, so far jumps up? ?T^^ ^•rrf^ ^TT^^ ^f^rT^ I ?TWT ^^ I • • • Lid. Ind. kim, I. sg.n. Ind. -na, I. sg. hhii,N.sg.n. Ind. Ind. vach, X. .ig.n. Pic. Put. Pass. past. Ptc. Pass. Therefore here something the reason must be. Thus and said : ^^^T^HT^Tfir(^ ^ ^ ^T^RT^T^^^ II \i^ li better alms-eating, not and another's-wealth-tasting-pleasure. (134) Better an empty stable, not and by any means better a vicious-bull, better a wanton (as) wife, not but an ill-mannered noble-wife, better dwelling in a wood, not but in an undiscriminating-ruler's-town, ^t "RT^fXTT^ ^ ^^TW^^T^q^^: II -J?^ II better life-abandonment, not but of low persons society. (135) • • • • Also and. Servitude as re.^pect totally, moonliglit as darkness, old age as loveliness, ( 71 ) • • • of Ilari (and) -Ilara- as sin, of virtues-a lumdred even beggary takes away. (136) legend • • • Thus having reflected, then why I with another's-cake myself nourish ? Oh, the misery ! That even a seeond death-gate. ■' For, Buds gathering (superficial) wisdom, with money -purchased and love, subsistence and on another-depending, three of men afflictions. (137) The sick, the long-exiled, the another's-bread-eating, in another's-house-living, ^^^f?T fT^^m ^^?:xit ^ S^ f^^TTT: II \^^ II • • • what he lives, that death; what death, that of him the deliverance. (138) • • • • • • Thus having also, from again even wealth to acquire taking away I made, considered desire ^^T "^T^* I ^^"^ wfi:^^f^ ^^ ^^^S ^^t I ^5T .. Tiius and said, Through desire reason departs, desire produces covetoiisness. by covetousness-tormentcd i)ain experiences hereafter here and a man. (139) Then I slowly slowly creeping-on, by that Vinakar^ia with a split-bamboo-piece rTTf%fT^TNrr^ I beaten and, reflected: The wcalLh-clc^irous indeed dibcont, nted, of unrestrained-mind^ of unsubdued-sensds ; ( 72 ) c all verilj misfortunes of him, whose content not mind. (140) Thus and, All kinds of happiness of him, content of whom the mind ; ^^T^^^TT^^ ^^ ^^i:^^ ^: II \«\ II of him whose foot-is is not with leather-covered as it were the earth ? (HI) covered-with a shoe Another and, Of the with the contentment- what happiness of the placid-minded, nectar-satiated • • • • • * whence that of the wealth-desirous hither and thither running ? (142) f^^ I ^TV^H ^fT ^^ ^T ^liT^f^ri I Moreover, By him read, heard by him, by him everything accomplished, WHT: "?FrT: H^T ^^T^^^^f%f! II \8^ II by whom, hopes behind the back having placed, hope-freedom depended upon. (143) Also and. Not having served-a master's-door, not having perceived-separation-pain, not having uttered-an unmanly-word, happy of any man the life. (144) ^m: I ^ m^^Uff ft ^T^JjiTT^^ ^^«TT I For, Not a yojana-hundred far for one stricken with covetousncss, ^?5¥^ ^T^T^ S^^ *Rf^ ^T^: II X^'i II of the contented for the to hand-come even treasure is not regard. (145) Therefore here of (my) situation-su'ting-action-discrlmination better. ( 73 ) What religion ? for the living- What happiness ? health in the world of man. compassion. ^: ^'f : ^IT^: fir T7tf%?2r ^R^^: II \^A II What love ? a noble-state of mind. What wisdom ? discrimination. (14G) Thus and, Discrimination indeed wisdom, when approached misfortunes ^^fr^T^rf^t fi^: ^: ^T ^T II 1«^ II of the without-disorimination-acting misfortunes will be at step at step. (147) m^\^ ^^-m^ ^TT^T^ ^^* (IT^fT^ I « • • One should one for a family 's-sake, for a village's-sake a family one should give up . give up ; ^T?? ^^TXT^^T^ ^mr^ if^fi m^f\^ II \^f^ II a village for the country's-sake, for one's self's-sake the earth one should give up. (148) Again and, Water either without-exertion, sweet food or with danger-attended, having deliberated indeed I see, that happiness where ease. (149) • • • Thus having considered I the lonely-wood approached. For, Better a wood by tigers-(and) elephants- a tree-habitation on ripe-fruits- haunted, (and)water-living, wmf^ iT^T ^RvT^^^^ ^ 4^Tr^ ^'iTt^^'1^^ II w II grass for a bed, a garment- (of) bark, not of friends-in the of one of wealth-deprived- midst the living. (150) • • • - Afterwards, through my-fGrtune's-(i.e. good by this friend I with affection-continuity works) rise (i.e. reward) favoured. Now and by fortune- of you-the a paradise verily, by mc found, continuation company, L fof^T^ ^T^ xjTirrf^ fT^^* ^^ {%ff^: ii \8£_ ii ( 74 ) For, Of the world's-poison-tree two here delicious-fruits, ^T^iT^T^T^Tir: ^^w, ^^^: ^'^ II ^y.^ li the poem-nectar-flavour-tasting, association nrood-men with. (151) Manthara said : Riches on the feet-the dust-resembling, mountain-rivers- youth, fleetness-like vital strength as a water-drop-trembling-unsteady, froth-like life ; virtue who not practises base-minded, the heaven-bar-unbolting, ^^TTrm^ ^?:mfTTfT: Tt^Tfir^T ^^^ ii '^y,'< ii afterwards repentance-seized, by old age- with the sorrow-fire is burnt. (152) overpowered, • • • By you too much-accumulation made; of It tliis the foult (i.e. cause) ; Listen : Of accumulated riches giving away only Indeed the preservation ; rf^T'rrTT't'^T^t ^f)^r^ T^t^r^t ii \i^ ii * of the In a pond's-interior-standing a drain as of waters. (153) Again and. When low low in the ground wealth has buried the miser, rT^^Tf%^^ ^g ^ft xi^T^fi^^rr: 11 \^\i II « • then to a mansion below to go he has made himself a path beforehand. (154) Again and, His own-happiness opposing who wealth-acquisition wishes, tn:T^ HT^^T^l^ ^^I^W f% HT^5! Ii \^H. II for anollicr's-sake a burthen-bearer as, of pain merely indeed a vessel. (155) ( 75 ) Another and, Through of liberality-(and) enjoyment-deprived riches rich if (we are), through the in the earth-cavenis-buried riches rich we. (158) Again and. Through non-enjoyment common of a miser the wealth with others, '^i^^f^ ^4vV 'WT^ ^:§^ Vf^^ II ^y,^ II 'of him this' thus the connection at the loss by pain is ascertained. (157) 9 Liberality by kind-words- knowledge without-conceit, with clemency- heroism, accompanied, endowed wealth with liberality-connected, difficult-to be found these four-good things. (158) Said and. To be made accumulation constantly, to be made not exceeding- accumulation, m^ ^Tf^^^ s^ v'TWT ^^^ 'f ct: II '^i£_ II behold, accumulation-practising that by a bow jackal slain. (159) • • • Those two say : How that ? Manthara relates : There was of Kalyana-kataka- an inhabitant, Bhairava by name, a hunter. He and one day a deer pursuing to the Vindhya-forest went. Afterwards by him the killed deer having taken up going, of formidable-appearance a boar seen. By that hunter the deer upon the ground having hiid, the boar with an arrow hit. By the boar in turn as of clouds-a terrible-roar L 2 ( 76 ) having made that hunter in the groin wounded being a cut-tree like on the ground fell-down. For, Water, fire, poison, a weapon, hunger-illness, falling from a rock, Pfft^ faFf^WT^ ^ 3TTWff 5^^ II -^^^ II a cause (i.e. accident) of some kind having the corporeal being of life is deprived. (1 GO) encountered Then of them through the feet- trampling a serpent also killed. Now thereupon Dirgbarava by name, a jackal, roaming-about, food-seeking, those dead • • • • deer-hunter-serpent-boar saw, reflected and : Oh ! to-day a great meal of me ^^pmf%ff I "^n^T I fallen in the way. However, Unthought-of troubles as just happen to men, ^^pqft rrm f{^ |^^^Tf?rR:^^ ii \^\ ii • • • blessings also thus, I think ; fate in this plays the chief part. (IGl) Then be it, Of these with the flesh a month-triad tome pleasantly will pass. V Month ono the man goes, two months deer- (and) boar, ^f^T^ f^^ ^Tf^ '^W ^Wt ^^'fw: 11 ^4*^ II the serpent one day goes! bo-day to be eaten the bow-string. (1G2) ( 77 ) Then in the first-desire of eating this unsweet to the bow-fastened sinew-string I eat. Thus having said, thus done being, being cut the sinew-string, by the up-springing bow in the heart pierced, that Dirgharava to the dissolution into the five elements ^ff: I ^?t?t: ^zw I Another and, brother, hear : AVealth at first not-easy-to obtained, obtained with difficulty it is preserved, ^sjiTrarT ^w ^w^T^^ HfT^fT^ II x^^ II • • • of the obtained-thcloss like death, therefore of this not one should think. (184) M ( B2 ) Covetousness and here having abandoned, who poor ? who a lord ? rT^T%5r^fr ^^ ^TO ^ Rr^ f^ri II ^^M. II of it if way given, servitude and at the head placed. (1S5) Again and, What what just indeed one may desire, thence the desire starts, 3?T^ ■Q:^T^rT: ^ S^ ^ffr ^JWT f%^^^ II "^^^ II obtained verily in reality that object, from which the desire turns away. (186) fir ^^^T i?H ^^m^^ I ^%^ ^^T^ What with so much of my side of the question ? With me just together here ^T^ ^>lfTt I the time may be spent. €TfT: I ^TTi^TirtrTT: ttw^t: ^mwwww^T: i For, At-death-ending the affections, the anger at that-moment-vanishing, ^RfJTT^^ f%:#^T H^f^ f% ^^Tm^t II \^^ II the gifts and free from-self-interest are truly of the noble-minded. (187) Thus having heard Laghupatanaka says: Happy art thou, Manthara, in every way of praiseworthy-virtue thou art. For, The good only of the good constantly out of misfortune-to lift-able, TT^T^t T^^^ITT^t ^^T TT^ VT^TT: II V^^ II of elephants into a mire-plunged elephants only the burthen-bearers (rescuers). (188) To be prntised that alone on earth of men, ( 83 ) he the greatest, a gooJ muii, be happy, of whom the needy either, the refuge^takliig or, 5TTirTf%»TTT f%^^: :R^tf^ II '^■c^ II not broken-hoped with averted-faces go away. (189) Then thus those according to their-desire-feeding- (and) sporting making contented happily dwell. Now one-day Chltranga-named a deer by somebody frightened • • • • there having approached was met. Thence after approaching the deer having seen, danger suspecting, Manthara the water entered, the mouse and to the hole went, the crow also up-Hying a tree ascended. Then by Laghupatanaka, very-far having looked, « • • • • ' fear-cause not any approaches ' thus was considered. Afterwards upon his word • • • • having arrived again all having met there just seated. By Manthara said : Iluil ! deer, welcome ! * According to your-wish, of water-etc. consisting-food may be enjoyed. By here residing forest this with a lord-may be endowed. Chitranga says : By a hunter-frightened I of you the protection approached. You with M 2 ( 84 ) • • • frieadship I wish. lliraiiyaka said: Friendship truly us with by you without-trouble met. For, One's own offspring, one formed by connection, likewise one in race-line- descended, Tf^^ ^^^'^'^ ft^ %^ ^fjf^V II "?,^« II one rescued from dangers and, a friend to be known of four-kinds. (190) Therefore here by you from your own-house-without a difference may be remained. That having heard the deer, full of-joy being, according to his-det^ire-feeding making, water di-inking, in a water-near standing-tree's-shade settled. Then, by Manthara said : Friend deer, in this lonely forest by whom frightened 5f% I ^Tif^M ^t^t: ^^tf^ I ^^^^ I '^f^ art thou ? Ever (do) hunters walk about ? By the deer said : There is in the Kalinga-country Rukmaiigada byname a prince. lie and by the world- conquest-business-course having approached, on the Chandrabhafsi-bank having • • • pitchcd-his camp resides. 'In the morning and he here having arrived in the Karpura-Iake-proximity will be,' thus of the hunters from the mouth a report ( 85 ) •s r^ . •\ • • • • • 13 heard. Therefore here also in the morning residing (is) fear-cause having, thus considering according to-the occasion-action may be undertaken. That having heard the tortoise with-fear says : To anothcr-water-reservoir I go. The crow- • • • • (and)-mouse also said: So be it. Then Hiranyaka smiling said: Another-water- being reached, of Manthara welfox'e ; on the land of the going reservoir what help ? For, Water of water-animal?, a fort of the in the fort-residing, ^^f^: ^m^T^^t TTm ^^"^ ^t ^^* II 1*^1 II their own-place of beasts, etc., of kings a minister the chief strength. (191) Friend Laghupatanaka, through this advice thus to be fared : ^^ ^-^ mij ^^t: ^tf%<4 ^^^^Ti^ I Himself having seen as of his wife pressed the bosom-bud, ^f%^5^> s^^f :wt ^ rm^ ^ft^ft II -^^5^ II the merchant's-son became sad; thou thus just wilt be. (192) They said : How that ? Iliraiiyaka relates : There is in the Kanyakubja^* country Viraseua by name a king. liy him in the Virapura*named town ( 86 ) Tungabala by name a prince governor appointed. He and of great-wealth, young, one-day in liis-town perambulating in full-blown youth Lavanyavati by name a nierchant's-son's-wife saw. Then to his-palace having gone by love- disturbed-in mind on her account a female messenger he dispatched. • • • • For, On the right-path so long he remains, master Is a man so long only of the senses, ^^t fTTW{%^^ f^^^J?pT ^^T^^ fTT^^^ I • • • shame so long he has, decency also he maintains so long only, — by the eyebrows-bow-drawn back-(and) darted, to the ear-reaching, black-feathered those as of fair-ones not into the heart the steadiness-stealing look-arrows fall. (193) She also Lavanyavati him-seeing-the moment from by the Love-arrow-stroke- broken-hearted of him-alonc-thinking was. rrm W^ I ^^fSf ^T^^ ^T^T TIT^^ ^if^T^^rTT I • • Thus for said, Untruth, violence, fraud, envy and extreme-covetousnoss, want-of virtue, impurity, of women the faults from their-nature-springing. (194) Now the messenger's-word having heard Lavanyavati said : I husband-devoted ( 8' ) Low iu this unrighteousness, husband-imposition, I engage ? ?m: I WT *rT^T ^t ti^ ^w ht ht^t tit TT^T^?fr i For, She a wife, who in the house clever; she a wife who prolific, ^T ^T^T ^T ^f^TTTWT ^T W^T ^T ^^fFT^rTT II '^i-'i II she a wife whose husband-is her life, she a wife who husband-devoted. (195) Not she 'a wife' thus to be called, with whose husband not is gratified, f5¥ *r?Tf^ ^Tftwt ^f5i:T: ^l^^rfi: ii '^^^ ii being gratified the husband of women, gratified all-divinities. (196) • • • • • • therefore whatever commands of me the life-lord, that only I without-examination ^frft I JJ^^ I ^(2I"rT^^rTrT^ I ^T^W^f^^T^ I ^i • m • do. By the messenger said : Quite true this ? Lavanyavati said : Certainly, • • • • true this. Then by the messenger having gone that that all of Tuhgabala in the presence f^ifiCft I rT^^T fj^^^T 5^^rr^ I ^iffl^T^^ reported. That having heard Tuiigabala said: 'By the husband, having led (her) near, • • • • she Is to be surrendered,' how this possible? The procuress said : A stratagem be made. • • • Thus and said, By a stratagem truly what possible, not that possible by valour, 3^711^51 ^ffr ^^ T^fTT li^^T^^ II '^•L-^ II by a jackal slain an elephant, going on a swamp-way. (197) The prince asks : IIow that ? She relates : There is in the Brahma-wood ( 88 ) Karpuratilaka byname an elephant. Him Laving seen all the jackals thought; ^^^ ^»TTWm§^ f^^^ cTTT^T^^ff^^T ^T^^f5"g"^^ • • • • • If he by some stratagem dies, then of us through his-body of a month-tetrad food will be. There by one old -jackal promised : By me through-intellect- superiority of him the death to be accomplished : Thereupon that cheat Karpuratilaka-near having gone with-of the eight-limbs-prostration having saluted said : Sire, look-favour make. The elephant says : Who thou, whence approached ? lie said : A jackal I by all wood-inhabiting animals, after having met, to your-presence despatched. Because without a king to remain not proper, therefore here in the forest-sovereignty to be inaugurated you with all-lord's-virtues-endowed selected. For, Who by race-descent- (and) conduct very-pure, majestic, vrfiS^ ^"Ift^iii^: ^ ^T^ ^^^ ^f% II '^£^"c^ II just, bchaviour-clevcr, he as a master is fit on earth. (198) Another and sec, A king first he should find, then ii wife, then riches, ( 80 ) a king not-being in this world, whence a wife, whence riches? (li*!)) Again and, Cloud-like of tlie living a support an earth-lord, fi^^ Sft f% ^^ Wt^S T ?5 ^^^ II 5^°* II failing also for a cloud it is lived, not but an eartli-Iord (Aiiling). (200) In the allotted-office-remaining generally through the rod-use in the world on another-dependent this; difficult-to be found one of gooJ-eharacter; a meagre also, defective or, sick or, poor or ^f^filft W^^TTt ^^^(g"T^^f^ II ^"-^ II husband also a noble woman through the rod-fear approaches. (201) Therefore that the lucky-moment not passes away, thus acting, with-haste may be approached by your highness. Thus having spoken, rising (he) went. Then 5^ TT3?r^HT?i^: ^iStPi^^: ^^t^^w^t that by the sovereignty-dcsire-attracted Karj^uratllaka on the jackal's-way • • • running in a great-mire immersed. Then by that elephant said : Friend jackal, f^iT'^^T f^^'^ I ^^ f^^f^ffr si I f%^ I 'TTT^c^l ^^ I what now to be done? in a mire fallen I; Idle; turning back look! By the jackal smiling said: Sire, of me tall-holding having made rise. Because ( 90 ) • • • ofme-like in word by thee confidence placed, therefore may be sufferetl helpless pain. Thus and said: If of the good-society-deprived thou wilt be, thou wilt be, then into bad-men's-companics thou wilt fall, thou wilt fall. (202) m Then into the great-mire plunged the elephant by the jackals eaten. Therefore 1 say : By a stratagem truly what possible, etc. Then by the procuress' - •s advice that Charudatta-named merchant's-son that prince (his) attendant made. Then he by him in all-confidence-aflairs (was) employed. One day by that prince bathed- (and) anointed gold-jewel-ornaments-bearing announced : ^^T>^ m^^^ ^Tt"^fT ^^^ I