/ ^ /- VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE IN MDCXXX, WITH A PEDIGREE OF MOST OF ITS GENTRY, BY THOMAS WESTCOTE, GENT. EDITED BY THE REV. GEORGE OLIVER, D. D., AND PITMAN JONES, ESQ. EXETER: WILLIAM ROBERTS, 197, HIGH-STREET. 1845. risAACFOO'f' [___USRARY_ EXETER ; PRINTED BY WILLIAM ROBERTS; 197, HIGH-STREET. TO BALDWIN FULFORD, OF FULFORD, Esq.: Sir, Allow us to introduce to the Public, through your auspices, the hitherto unpubhshed Works of Westcotk, namely, his " View op Devonshire" and the "Pedigree of most of its Gentry." The supply of this desideratum in the History of the County, after two centuries, will be welcomed by a discerning Public, under the sanction and patronage of one who inherits, as you do, the merits and virtues of a long Une of Ancestors — who is justly regarded as the beau ideal of an English Gentleman ; and who possesses the confidence, esteem, and respect of all parties. That you may long adorn your sphere of usefulness, and be hailed as the pride of Devonshire, and the dehght of your worthy Family and numerous Friends and Admirers, is the hearty wish of us, who have the honour to be Yom- obhged Servants, GEORGE OLIVER. PITMAN JONES. WILLIAM ROBERTS. CONTENTS. BOOK I. CHAF. PAGE. I. Whence Devonshire is said to take name, and the divers opinions thereof. . 19 II. When the Danmonian Province was severed, and the limits thereof 25 III. Of the extent and bounds of Danmonia 29 IV. Of the limits, hundreds, market towns, and parishes in the County of Devon 31 V. Of the temperature of the air, and the nature of the Inhabitants 33 VI. Of the soil, beasts, fowl, fishes, grain, and fruits 35 VII. The constitution, nature, and quality of the Inhabitants 42 VIII, Of the sundry degrees of the Inhabitants, and the distinction of their vocations 44 IX. The second degree is of Yeomanry and Husbandmen 48 X. Of the Merchant, which is the third degree 51 XI. Of the last degree, which is Day-Labourers in Tin-works, and Hirelings in Husbandry 52 XII. Of the Commodities this Country yields, and of Agriculture and Husbandry 54 XIII. Of the second Commodity, of Clothing and Drapery 59 XIV. Of Mines and Quarries of Stone ; and of the several sorts of either of them 63 XV. Of Mariners, Shipping, and Fishing 67 XVI. The several Governments of this County distinguished : and first of the Ec- clesiastical 69 XVII. Of the Martial Government, with the chief and other Commanders 71 XVIII. Of the Civil or Politic Government : being the third 73 XIX. Of the Admiralty and Government for Maritime and Sea Causes 75 XX. The Stannary Laws and Government which concern Tinners and Tin Causes 75 XXI. The description of the Forest of Dartmoor where Tin is mined 79 XXII. Of certain Tenants of the Forest called Fenfield-men 84 XXIII. Of the Forest of Exmoor 88 BOOK II. I. An entrance into the East Division, together with the original and progress of the River Exe 93 II. Of the Hundred of Bamptou, containing six Parishes 96 III. Of the Hundred of Tiverton, containing five Parishes 98 CONTENTS. CHAP. PAGE. IV. The Hundred of Halberton containeth three parishes 105 v. The progress of the River Culrae 112 VI. The original and progress of Greedy River 118 VII. Of Crediton and the Bishops thereof 120 VIII. Of the farther progress of the River Greedy, and the places adjacent 127 IX. Of the progress of the River Greedy to Cowley-Bridge, where it joins with Exe 131 X. Of the Antiquity and divers Names of the Gity of Exeter 135 XI. Of the Situation and Places worthy observation in this City 138 XII. Of the Dukes, Marquises, and Earls of Exeter 142 XIII. Of the Monasteries and Aims-Houses belonging to the City of Exeter 145 XIV. Of Bedford House and the noble Family of the Russells 147 XV. Of the Guildhall, Magistrates, and the several Corporations thereof 149 XVI. Of the Cathedral-Church of St. Peter's. — The antiquity and building thereof 153 XVII. Of the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the Church of Exeter 157 XVIII. The Bishops of Exeter after the Reformation 172 XIX. The Bishops of Exeter since the present Author's time unto this day, Oc- tober 20th, 1695, by John Prince 176 XX. Of the Inferior Dignitaries of the Church of Exeter 180 XXI. The Monuments and Epitaphs in Saint Peter's Cathedral, Exon 182 XXII. An Epilogue or Conclusion on the View of Exeter 184 XXIII. Of the progress of the River Exe below Exeter 185 BOOK III. I. Of the Circuit of the River Glyst 191 II. Of Powderham Castle and the Noble Family of Courtenay 200 III. A Catalogue of the Earls and Dukes of Devon before the Conquest 203 IV. Of the Earls of Devon after the Conquest, and First of Redvers 204 V. Of the right noble Family of the Courtenays, Earls of Devon . 208 VI. Of those other noble Families which have since been Earls of Devon .... 217 VII. Of Kenn, and some other places on the west side of the River Exe 218 VIII. Of places on the east side of the River Exe 223 IX. The Passage of the River Otter 224 X. Of Ottery St. Mary, and other places near it 229 XI. Of Colaton-Ralegh and Sir Walter Ralegh 236 XII. Of Budleigh Hundred in the East 240 XIII. Of Golyton Hundred and the Parishes adjacent to that Town 241 XIV. The Progress of the River Axe, and the Hundred of Axminster 245 XV. The Conclusion which should be the epiphonema of this Discovery 248 BOOK IV. I. An entrance into the view and visit of the North Division 250 II. Of Comb-Martin and the Silver Mines there 252 CONTBNTS. CHAP. PAGE. III. Of Berry-Neibert, Bowdon, and Bishop Jewel 256 IV. Of Morthoe Tracy, and Mort-Stone 259 V. Of George-Ham and Pidickwell 263 VI. Of the River Taw, his spring and progress 265 VII, Of Affton and the Family of Stukely 270 VIII. Of Chulmleigh, and the Countess of Devon saving seven little Children that were carrying to be drowned „, : . . 273 IX, Of Rings-Ash, with the original and course of the River Mole 276 X. Of Holland Botreaux, the Nymets, and other places near by 280 XI. Of the meeting of Mole and Taw, & their passage afterwards to Umberlegh 283 XII. Of Brightlegh and the Family of Giffard 286 XIII. Of Tawton-Bishop, Goodley, Newland, &c 289 XIV. Of Tawstock, and the noble Family of the Bourchiers, Earls of Bath 292 XV. Of the Borough of Barnstaple with the Description of the Town, with the History of the Lord Audlegh 294 XVI. Of the progress of the River Yeo, of Chalacombe with the strange Burrows therein, with some other neighbouring Parishes 300 XVII. Of Youlston and Ralegh, and the noble Family of the Chichesters 303 XVIII. Of Marwood and the Family of Westcote, with other Places and Families in that tract 305 XIX. Of West-Down and the Hundred of Braunton 308 XX. The origin and course of the River Torridge, with Hercules-Promontory. . 311 XXI. Of the progress of the River Torridge, and the most eminent places near its first original, as Putford, and the Hundred of Shebbear 315 XXII. Of the Hundred of Black-Torrington and places adjoining 317 XXIII. Of the progress of the River Okement, and of Okehampton 321 XXIV. Of Iddesleigh, Winkleigh, and other places in the way to Torrington .... 324 XXV. Of Torrington, and therein of the potent Families of RoUe, Barry, &c 327 XXVI. Of Monkley, and the Family of Hankford 331 XXVII. Of Buckland- Brewer, Parkham, Bideford, & the noble Family of Grenville 335 XXVIII. Of Westleigh, Northam, Kenith Castle, and Abbotsham 341 XXIX. Of the Island of Lundy, lying near this county, in the Severn Sea 343 XXX. The Conclusion of this Northern Journey 345 BOOK V. I. The origin and progress of the River Tawmeer (Tamar) 346 II. Of Tamerton, Collacombe, and the Family of Tremayn 352 III. The origin of the River Lyil of Lydford, his antiquities and present state. . 355 IV. Of Trenchard-Lew, Marystow, Lifton, & other places in our way to Tavistock 361 V. Of the progress of the River Tavy, & of the Borough & Abbey of Tavistock 365 VI, Of the progress of the Tamar to the town of Plymouth by Buckland, Beer, Tamerton, &c 372 CONTENTS. CHAP. PAGE. VII. Of Plymouth : and therein of Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins. . 376 VIII. Of the progress of the River Plym, & its issue at Plympton, Plymstock, &c. 383 IX, The origin and progress of the River Yealm, his issue and neighbours .... 388 X. The River Arme, (Erme,) and the progress thereof 390 XL Of Kingston, R ingmore, Ugborough, and other places in our way to Kings- bridge and near those parts 396 XII. Of Stokenham, Black-Awton, and other places near there about 400 XIII. The River Dart's proceeding, and what places he passeth by 403 XIV. The Antiquity and Description of Totnes . 409 XV, Of Ashprington, Brixham, Greenway, (and there of the ancient Family of Gilbert,) and other places in our way to Dartmouth 419 XVI. The Port-town of Dartmouth, Paignton, Torr, and Cockington ; with the noble Family of Gary 424 XVII, Of Chagford, Drewsteignton, Gidlegh; with the noble Family of Prouz . . 429 XVIII. Of Cheriton, Dunsford, Bridford, Dunchideock, Ashton, and other places in our way to Chudleigh 434 XIX. Of Chudleigh, Bovey, Newton, Ogwell, and Haccombe; wherein of the noble Family of Carew; with some other places and families 437 XX, Of Combinteignhead, the Teigntons, Teignmouth, Dawlish, and Mamhead 441 Author's Apology 446 PEDIGREE. P.iGE, Ameredith of Crediton and Slapton . . 596 Arscot of Arscot 489 Arscot of Annery 490 Arscot of Tidwell 490 Arscot of Holsworthy 490 Arscot of Tetcot 491 Arundell of Talvern 476 Arundell of Lanhern 477 Ashford of Ashford 481 Atwill of Kenton and Mamhead .... 612 Babington of Knoll 473 Bampfield of Poltimore 491 Barry of Winscot 556 Basset of Umberlegh 485 Battishill of Westwyke 540 Bear of Hunsham 461 Beaumout of Gittesham 498 Becket 458 PAGE, Becket in Menwynyk 459 Bennet of Chudleigh 619 Berry of Croscombe 496 Berry of Berry-Nerber 497 Berry of Barley 497 Bishop of Choldash 557 Bluet of Holcombe-Rogus 512 Bodleigh (alias Bodley) of Dunscombe 499 Bonvile of Comb-Ralegh 465 Bourchier, Earl of Bath 460 Bowerman of Hemyock 518 Broughton of Warbrightleigh 632 Brown of Brownlarsh 589 Budokeside of Budokeside 465 BuUon, Earl of Ormond & Wiltshire 482 Burgoin of South-Tawton 476 Burgoin of Bideford 551 Burneby of Burneby . . 494 CONTENTS. Bury (alias Berry) of Berry-Nerber 495 Bury (alias Berry) of Coleton 496 Butler, Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire 483 Callard of Callard 582 Calwodeley of Calwodeley 514 Gary of Castle-Cary 507 Gary of Hunsdon 509 Gary of Gockington 510 Gary of Clovelly 510 Garew of East Anthony 528 Carwithen of Carwithen, &c 552 Challons 614 Charles of Moreton and Tavistock . . 541 Cheyney of Pinhoe 518 Ghichester, Viscount Carrickfergus . . 608 Ghichester of Ralegh 604 Ghichester of Arlington 607 Ghichester of Hall 608 Ghichester of Widworthy 609 Ghudleigh of Ashton 462 Globerry of Bradston 555 Glotworthy of Clotworthy, &c 480 Glotworthy of Clotworthy 563 Cole of Slade, &c 519 Colins of Baron's-Down 562 Colleton of Exeter 619 Cooke of Thome 555 Copleston of Copleston & Warlegh . . 503 Copleston of Bow 505 Copleston of Bicton and Eggesford . . 505 Copleston of Otterham and Woodland 506 Copleston of Bowdon 506 Copleston of Wyke 506 Cottle of Sampford-Peverell, &c 475 Gourteuay, Earl of Devon 570 Gourtenay of Powderham 573 Gourtenay of MoUand 574 Gourtenay of Wotton and Ladock . . 575 Gourtenay of Upcott 576 Gourtenay of Ugbrook 576 Crocker of Lynham 550 Gruwys of Cruwys-Morchard 516 b PiGG. Culme of Chamston 515 Davils of Balston, &c 611 Davy of Sandford 598 De Aubernon of Daubernon 517 Dennis of Holcombe-Burnell & Bicton 615 Dennis of Orlegh 616 Dennis of CoUiscomb 617 Dennis of Malcot 617 Desmond, Earl of 477 Dillon of Ghimwell 549 Dinham 494 Donne of Donne-Ralph 515 Dowrish of Dowrish in Sandford .... 618 Dowrish of Heath-Barton, Whitestone 618 Drake of Ash 467 Drew of Sharpham, &c 582 Drew of Drews Cliff, &c 583 Duke of Poer-Hayes, &c 559 Edgcombe of Stonehouse, &c 494 Edmonds of Salisbury and Plymouth 524 Ellacot of Exeter 479 Esse (or Ash) of Thuborough 633 Esse (or Ash) of Glist Fomison .... 633 Eston of Eston 565 Evelegh of West Evelegh, &c 563 Farringdon of Farringdon 464 Farringdon of Farringdon 609 Fitz of Fitz-Ford 466 Floyer of Floyers-Hayes 556 Forde of Chagford, &c 527 Ford of Fordmoor 528 Fortescue of Filleigh, &c 498 Fortescue of Wimpston 625 Fortescue of Buckland-Filleigh .... 625 Fortescue of Fallopit 626 Fountain of Bawcombe 548 Fowel of Fowelscombe 521 Franceis of Combe-Flory .... 462 Frankcheyney of Glist-Gerard 517 Fry,of Exeter and Pawlet 502 Fulford of Fulford 612 Fursland of Bickington 598 ,-i\' f%. 14 3v6 CONTENTS. PAGE. Gale of Dartmouth and Crediton .... 567 Gay of Goldsworthy 564 Geare of Heavitree 565 Giffard of Brightlegh 627 Giffard of Weare 628 Giffard of Tiverton 628 Gilbert of Compton 566 Giles of Bowden and Dean Prior. . . . 530 Godwine of Clistwill and Godwins . . 540 Gove (alias Gough) of Woodbury . . 547 Grenville of Stow, Cornwall 630 Grenville of Penheale 631 Hakewell of Exeter 545 Haadcock of Comb-Martin 560 Harris of Hayne 531 Harris of Lanrest 532 Harris of Radford 532 Hatch of Aller 603 Haydon of Lympstone, &c 579 Hele of South-Hele 533 Hele of Wisdom 533 Hele of Wembury 533 Hele of Holbeton 534 Hele of Exeter and Fleet 535 Hele of Newton-Ferrers 535 Hele of Brixton 535 Henscot of Henscot 589 Herle of West-Herle 514 Hext of Kingston 503 Hill of Shilston 503 Hillersdon of Hillersdon, &c 529 Holbeam of Holbeam 502 Holcomb of Holcomb 531 Hone of Ottery St. Mary 538 Honychurch of Tavistock, &c 591 Hoper of Blackmore 525 Huckmore of Bokeyt 501 Huddisfield of Shillingford 500 Huish of Denniford 488 Huishof Sand 488 Hull of Larkbear 517 Hurst of Exeter and Oxton . 487 PiGE. Jewell of Bowden 536 Kelly of Kelly 540 Kenisham of Brixton 566 Kendal of Treworgy, &c 598 Kildare, Earl of . . . , 477 Kirkham 458 Kirkham of Blackdon, &c 523 KnoUes of Little-Hempston 474 Langford of Langford 462 Larder of Pynes 624 Le Hart of Yarnacombe 603 Levermore of Exeter 597 Lippincot of Lippincot, &c 554 Loveis of Ogberd in Tamerton 629 Lowman of Uplowman, &c 580 Lumen, or De Lumine, of Uplowman 579 Lutton of Cofford 478 Lynne of Exeter 457 Mallock of Axmouth 548 Marshall of Teigngrace 502 Marshall of Exeter, &c 502 Martin of Comb-Martin 594 Marwood of Westcot 604 Mathew of Dodbrook, &c 599 Melhuish of Witheridge 623 Mohun of Hall in Cornwall 610 Molford of Chulmleigh, &c 603 Montague, Lord Chief Justice 633 More of Moorhays 624 Munck of Potheridge 468 Newcombe of Great- Worthy 531 Newcourt of Pickwel 478 Noble of Exeter and Belston 561 Norris of Chulmleigh 541 Norris of Winkleigh 626 Northcote of Uton, &c 599 Parker, (alias Jorden) of Northmolton 538 Parker of Exeter 564 Passemere of Passemere-Hayes .... 525 Paulet of Sampford-Peverel 488 Pawlet of Rode, Hinton, &c 474 Perriam of Exeter, &c 584 CONTENTS. Pery of Water in Membury 545 Petre of Tor-lkian 546 Pointingdon of Penny cott 547 Pointingdon of Meryfield 547 . Pollard of King's-Nymet 493 Pollard of Way and Horwood 552 Pollard of Knowston-Beauple 553 Preston of Up-Ottery, &c 588 Prestwood of Exeter, North-Huish, &c. 545 Prideaux, Sir Edmund, of Farvvay . . 472 Prideaux of Orchardton & Thuborough 470 Prideaux of Orchardton 471 Prideaux of Soldon 472 Prideaux of Nutwell 486 Prouse of Exeter 597 Prouz of Gidley and Chagford 568 Prye of Horwell in Colebrook 611 Putt of Gittisham , 629 Pyne of East-Down, &c 544 Ralegh of Fardel 535 Reynell of Trumpington, &c 576 Reynell of Malston 578 Reynell, Sir Richard 578 Reynell of Greedy- Widger 578 Risdon of Bableigh 507 Roberts of Comb-Martin 609 Rolle of Stevenstone 593 Roskimer of Haylford, Cornwall .... 632 Rouse (alias Le Rouse) of Modbury 580 Sainthill of Sainthill, &c 537 Samuel of Restormel 533 Samuel of Cornwall 623 Sapcotts 551 Saverey of Totnes 562 Seward of Slokeinteignhead 559 Seymour of Berry-Pomeroy 479 Shapcott of Exeter 602 ShillingfordofShillingford 468 Skinner of Cowley 599 Slader of North-Tawton, &c 524 Slanning of Ley 563 Somaster 551 Somaster of Painsford 551 Somaster of Widecombe 500 Southcote of Mohun's-Ottery 537 Staplehill of Bremble in Ashton .... 624 Staveley of East-Buckland, &c 562 St. Leger of Annery 483 Stowford of Stowford 592 Strode of Ermington and Newnham 542 Strechlegh of Strechlegh 514 Stukeley of Kenn and Faringdon .... 579 Stukeley of Affeton 585 Sture of Marridge 512 Thorn of Thorn in Holsworthy 525 Todenham of Church-Taunton 478 Tothill of Exeter and Peamore 520 Trelawriey of Pool in Menhenniot . . 561 Tremayne of CoUacomb 587 Trevillian of Nettlecombe 558 Tucker (alias Tooker) of Exeter 526 Upton of Puslinch and Trelaske .... 519 Vowel (alias Hooker) of Exeter .... 526 Wadham of Edge 634 Waller of Sidbury and Hampshire . . 623 Walrond 484 Waltham of Brenton, &c 583 Warr of Hestercombe 491 Westcote (alias Lyttleton or Luttle- ton) of Frankley 621 Westcote of Westcote and Raddon . . 622 Whitlock of Frithelstock 583 Whyddon of Chagford, &c 581 Wichalse of Chudleigh 627 Williams of Stowford 521 Willoughby of Knoll-Adrian, Wiltshire 619 Willoughby, Lord Brook 620 Willoughby of Payhembury 620 Wise of South-Sydenham 553 Wivellof Crediton 611 WoUacomb of Comb 539 Wood(alias de Bosco)of North-Tawton 589 Wood of Lewtrenchard . 590 Wood (alias Atwood) of Hareston , . 591 CONTENTS. PAGE. ^^''^^ Worth of Exeter, &c 561 Yeo of Heanton-Sachville 592 Worthal of Cotley 629 Yeo of Huish 593 Wrey of Wrey. &c 567 Yeo of Hatherleigh 593 Wykes of North-Wyke 557 Yerworth of Ipplepen 524 Wykes of Bindon 558 Young of Axminster, &c 600 Yard of Bradley, &c 601 Zoiich, Lord John 475 MEMOIR OP THOMAS WESTCOTE. A Devonshire Family of some repute, bearing the name of Westcote, was established at an early period at Westcote, in the Parish of Marwood, near Barnstaple. One of its members of the name of Thomas, in the former part of the fifteenth century, married Ehzabeth, daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas Lyttelton, of Fraukley, in the county of Worcester, knight : the fruit of this union was that celebrated Lawyer and Chief Justice of the King's Bench, Sir Thomas Lyttelton,* Knight of the Bath, who died on the 23rd of August, 1481. From the silence of Sir WHham Pole we are dis- posed to think that the subject of this memoir was not descended (though he himself entertained such a belief,) from the Family in the Parish of Marwood. Perhaps his came originally from the parish of Bishop's-Taw- ton, in Devonshire; at least we read in the Register of Edmund Stafford, Bishop of Exeter, vol. i. foho 149, that this noble Prelate, in considera- tion of the faithful services rendered by Richard Westcote, of the manor of Bishop's-Tawton, manumitted and discharged him and his offspring on the 23rd of April, 1412, "a Jugo et onere nativitatis, \nllenagii et servitutis cum tot^ sequel^ suii." About a century later Thomas Westcote, the Grandfa- ther of our Historian, and Heraldist, held an Estate in West-Raddon, in the Parish of Shobrook, Devon, of Sir John Talbot, of Grafton, in the county of Worcester, knight, and Margaret (Troutbeck), his wife. This Estate was subsequently purchased by the Westcotes of the Talbots ; but certainly later than October, 1589, as the Talbot Rental of that year sufficiently proves. Thomas Westcote, the author of "The View of Devonshire," and of * A f 5 ^^sstcote ; Argent, a chevron between three escallops, sable. t Lyttelton ; Argent, a bend cotized sable, within a bordure, bezanty, gules. IV, MEMOIR OF THOMAS WESTCOTE. " The Pedigrees of most of our Devonshire Families,"* now for the first time submitted to the public, was the third son of Philip Westcote, of West-Raddon, who married Katharine, daughter of George Waltham, of Brenton, in the Parish of Exminster, Devon, gentleman. Their marriage was celebrated on the 17th of October, 1557 : as we learn from the Re- gister of Shobrook, which also records the baptism of our Author on the 17th of June, 1567. Speaking of Shobrook, he says, "Here my poor'"se!IF was first'nursed.'' Of liis early life we can glean but slender materials. In liis Apologetical Epistle to the Reader, he says, "Alas ! Sir, you know, how httle I busie myself with, and among so many offices the Country yields, I could procure none, nor any friend that would sohcit for me." To the objection started, "that in his youth he was a soldier, a traveller, and a courtier, and had now a long time retired to a private country hfe, and in his old and latter age little qualified for undertaking a work of such magnitude, which required not only labour, but painful travels and expenses ;" he rephes, that " having by ordinary reading, observation, search, and discourse, collected long since some few particulars of the antiquities and other notes and observings of this County, it was my chance (as often I did ) to come in presence of an honourable personage ( Edward, Earl of Bath,) whose eminent virtues assure me he is now with God : — it pleased him in discourse of the state of this Country to propose certain questions to those that were present : to some of them, when I had given a more satisfying answer than he on the sudden expected, he perceived I had a great desire that some one would undertake the Description of tliis Shire, as Mr. Carew had done for Cornwall, He thereon took opportunity to be the primum mobile of this Discourse; and at the next fit convenience did poweifully persuade, and he cheerfully animated and seriously required me to undertake tliis work, (as he was pleased to term it office;) and not to sufifer the ancient renown of the generosity of this Province to be any longer neglected and buried in obhvion, which had bred so many famous men in all professions." At first Mr. Westcote, pleading his inabiUty ♦ A Manuscript on Heraldry, belonging to the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, had been described to the Editors as having been written by Mr. Westcote, but on collation it was found to have been more ancient; beginning with 1573, and finished about the period of the Heralds' last visitation in 1620; neither was it confined to Devonshire. From page 9, we may infer that it was compiled by Richard St. George, esq., Norroy king of arms. MEMOIR OF THOMAS WESTCOTE. V. and unfitness, declined the undertaking; but his Lordship would admit no excuse; and "his continued persuasions encouraged mv faintness for a brief private discourse," but which the author never intended for pubhcation. Mr. Risdon, " his worthy friend," testified, in page 95, of his " Survey of Devon," "that Mr. Westcote was endowed with many good parts, and was a lover of antiquity;" and several passages of the work prove that he was acquainted with the best society in the county. Every reader wall give Mr. Westcote credit for his laborious zeal to pre- serve the remembrance of past times; and though in these days of deeper research and more refined criticism, he may smile at the author's credulitv and far fetched observations, yet he will be disposed to make every allowance for the age, and will be entertained with the quaintness, candour, and good » humour of his guide. What is inserted between brackets in the text has f been added by the Rev. John Prince, Author of the " Worthies of Devon." I As to his " Pedigrees of most of our Devonshire Families" it is evident, that he is chargeable with some egregious mistakes and errors, to which , Mr. Prince has added many more. We have done what we coiild to revise I and correct several; but regret that we are unable to present this Work to i the reader with more satisfaction to ourselves. In all probability Mr. Westcote resided at West Raddon, with his elder brother, Robert, who died a bachelor, and was buried on the 6th of March, / 1636, old style,* but whom Mr. Prince, in his " Worthies of Devon," page j 757, kills many years before. The second brother was George ; a captain in the army, who perished in * The Will of this Robert Westcote, of Raddon, in Shobrook, Gentleman, bears date the 20th of February, a fortnight before his burial. He desires to be silently buried near the feet of his parents, at Shobrook. " For my worldly goods I need not trouble myself about to distribute it. It may be done with ease, having so little, I may say, none. But had I been greedy of wealth I had means suflBcient to have been rich. But I thank my good God that his word persuaded me to neglect it, and not to be careful for to morrow, every day yielding to me what was needful." He gives to the Warden and Overseers of the Poor of Shobrook si.x pounds as a perpetual stock for the benefit of such poor ; so that it shall be put out at the interest of eight shillings, " which shall be distributed to eight of the poor inhabitants of Shobrook, of twelve pence a-piece on the feast of St Thomas." [21st December.] He mentions his dearly loving and careful sister-in-law, Mrs. Mary Westcote, and bis faithful loving brother, Mr. Thomas Westcote; and he appoints his nephew, Philip Westcote, his sole executor. The Will was proved at Exeter, 20th August, 1637. VI. MEMOIR OF THOMAS WESTCOTE. May, 1589, at the age of twenty-seven, in the disastrous expedition against Lisbon in favour of Don Antonio. We have it in evidence that the third brother, Thomas Westcote, in 1624, was holding a lease of Thorn-Park in the neighbouring parish of Holcombe- Bumell, and four years later was, by deputy, discharging the office of Church- warden of Shobrook. In the Act Book of Bishop Hall is a licence to Thomas Westcote, of Shobrook, gent., dated 19th October, 1632, to eat flesh meat on prohibited days, and during the Lent next ensuing : the said hcence to hold good for one twelve -month. That he was buried at Shobrook is certain, but unfortunately the leaf containing the list of interments from the 17th of April, 1639, to the 29th of July, 1644, has been wantonly cut out from the Parochial Register. Our author married Mary, eldest daughter and co-heiress of Richard Roberts, of Comb-Martin, in the County of Devon, gentleman,* by whom he had one son and four daughters, who survived him. First, Philip, who married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of George Tanner, alias Mortymer, of Creely, in the parish of Farringdon, Devon, gentleman, by whom he left issue, Thomas, who, according to Prince, " ruined his * Arms of Roberts ; Azure, on a chevron argent, three mullets pierced sable. Before the porch in the Church-yard of Comb-Martin was a fair tomb to the memory of this Richard Roberts, the poor-man's friend, who died on Christmas-day, 1622. His three other daughters, Joan was married to William Squire, of Town-House, South- Molton; Prudence to John Amory, of Whitechapel in the parish of Bishop's-Nymp- ton ; and Grace to Francis Isaack of West-Down. It is lamentable to learn from the respected Vicar, the Rev. H. W. Toms, that " the early Registers of Comb- Martin are utterly lost : — that the first marriage now to be found there is dated 27th August, 1736, and that no mention whatever occurs of the Roberts' family." Mr. Roberts had ac- quired the Advowson of Berry-Narbor in Queen Elizabeth's reign. William Merrick had been admitted Rector, 13th July, 1564, to the vacant Living on the presentation of Henry, Earl of Arundell, hac vice, by reason of the grant made unto him by John Skynner, senior, and John Skynner, junior, which they had obtained of Robert, Prior of the late Monastery of St. Pancras, at Lewes in Sussex. On Merrick's death, Thomas Robinson succeeded, 22nd January, 1595, on the presentation of Richard Roberts, the true Patron : William Herle succeeded to the Rectory 23rd May, 1603, void by the death of Thomas Robinson: — Patron, the said Richard Roberts. Strange that Mr. Lysons, in his Devonshire, vol. ii., page 42, should assert that "Richard Roberts, esq., possessed the Advowson about the year 1700, having left four daughters," &c. MEMOIR OF THOMAS WESTCOTE. VII. family;" Mary, and Philip a posthumous child. This Phihp, of Raddon, gen- tleman, made his will* 6th Oct., 1647, the day before his death, aged 41 . The eldest daughter, Frances, was married 27th Nov., 1631, at Stockleigh- • " In the name of God, amen, the sixth day of October, 1647, I, Philip Westcote, of Shobrook, in the county of Devon, gentleman, being of good and perfect memory, though weak in body, do make and ordain this my last Will and Testament in manner and form following : — First, I commend my soul into the hands of God who gave it, and my body to christian burial. Item, I give and bequeath to my daughter, Mary Westcote, one Tene- ment at Thutt, now in the possession of George Mayne, one Tenement now in the posses- sion of Robert Burnbury, another Tenement now in the possession of John Copp, one other Tenement now in the possession of Robert Moore or his Assigns, one other Tenement now in the possession of Bridget Teape, another Tenement now in the possession of John Rad- more, two Cottages at Raddon-Top now in the possession of William Short and William Radford ; all which said Messuages are in the parish of Shobrook, and county of Devon; one other Tenement in the possession of Peter Hellars, another Tenement now in the pos- session of William Blackmore, another Tenement now in the possession of Margery Har- ding; all which three Tenements last recited are in the parish of Comb-Martin, in the county aforesaid : one Messuage, House, or Tenement, in the city of Exon,now in the possession of Andrew Bowman ; another Tenement, in the parish of St. David, now in the possession of Philip Darke or his Assigns ; one Messuage in the possession of Henry Palmer, in the city of Exon : to have and to hold all and every the Premises to the said Mary Westcote, her Executors and Assigns, for the term of sixty years, to begin in every of the said several Tenements the aforesaid term of sixty years in and immediately after the determination of the Estate thereon now granted; provided nevertheless and upon this condition, that if my son Thomas Westcote, his Heirs or Executors, shall pay unto the said Mary the sum of Eight Hundred Pounds of current money of England within Twelve Months after she shall attain unto the age of one and twenty years, that then the Estate of the said Mary my daughter, in all and every of the Premises so bequeathed, shall cease and be void; and my desire is, that she shall be ruled and advised in her marriage by my Overseers after named. And if it shall happen that any of the Estate aforesaid shall de- termine during the lifetime of my Mother, Mrs. Mary Westcote, then my will and mean- ing is, that my Wife shall receive the profits thereof, during the life of my aforesaid Mo- ther, for the better maintenance and education of my children ; and after the death of my Mother, to the use of my heir until he shall be of the age of one and twenty years ; and if the said Mary shall happen to die before she shall attain to the age of twenty, one, then my said son Thomas, paying the sum of Four Hundred Pounds to my son or daughter which shall be next born of my wife, at that son or daughter's age of one and twenty, the Estate in the Premises given to my daughter Mary, and before mentioned, shall be void and cease. And whereas my Wife, Elizabeth Westcote, is at this time (as I think) with child, I do give unto my next child which shall be born of her one Tenement now in the possession of the Widow and Walter Westcote, or their Assigns, called Fursc, Vlll. MEMOIR OF THOMAS WESTC'OTE. Pomeroy, to George Westcote, m.a., who had been admitted to the Rectory of Berry-Narbor on the 17th of January, 1630, void by the death of Wilham Herle, clerk, on the presentation of Thomas Westcote of Shobrook, gentle- man, and Mary, his wife, eldest daughter and sole surviving heiress of Rich- ard Roberts, of Comb-Martin, gentleman, true patrons, h^c vice. For some cause he was re-instituted to the same Rectory by King Charles I., on 30th December, 1635 ; and appears to have held it undisturbed until his death. His will bears date 2nd March, 1673-4 : he desires Grace his second wife, to present his son, Thomas, to his living; and he mentions his son, Hugh, and his daughters, Grace and Mary. Thomas, b. a. was accordingly ad- one other Tenement now in the possession of Peter Reade or his Assigns, one Tenement now in the possession of Edmund Weeke or his Assigns, all which Tenements are in the parish of Shobrook and county of Devon ; To have and to hold the Premises aforesaid to the said child, being male or female, for the term of sixty years, the said term to begin in every of the said Tenements immediately after the determination of the Estate now granted upon this condition, that if the said child be a son, and the said Thomas Westcote or his Heirs shall pay unto the said son, at his age of one and twenty years, the sum of Five Hundred Pounds, that the Estate in Edmund Weeke's Tenement, and the Estate in Peter Reade's Tenement hereby given shall be void and cease, and that after the death of my said son the Estate in the Widow and Walter Westcote's Tenement shall cease and be void likewise ; but if the said child shall be a daughter, then upon this condition that if my son Thomas shall pay unto her Seven Hundred Pounds of current Money of England, within twelve months after she shall accomplish the age of one and twenty years, then her Estate hereby given shall also be void and cease : and if it shall happen that the parti- cular Estate in any of the said Tenements shall determine during the minority of my said son or daughter, that my Wife shall take the issues and profits of the said Tenements for the better education and maintenance of my said son or daughter during the life of my Mother, Mrs. Mary Westcote, and after her death it shall go to the Heir of my son Thomas until he shall come to the age of one and twenty. Item, I give unto my son, Thomas Westcote, all my Books and Papers which were formerly my Father's ; all the rest of my Goods and Chattels, not hereby formally given and bequeathed, I give and bequeath unto my Wife, Elizabeth Westcote, whom I make Executrix of this my last Will and Testament : and I desire Anthony Salter, Doctor of Physic ; Samuel Tanner, of Farringdon, Gentleman ; and George Westcote, of Berry-Narber, Clerk, to see this my Will performed. Dated, and published the day and year first above written. PHILIP WESTCOTE." " Witnesses hereunto, — Samuel Tanner. George Westcote, Robert Farr. John Copp." Proved in the Court of the Archdeacon at Exeter, by the said Elizabeth Westcote, the Executrix, on 12th January, 1647-8. MEMOIRS OK THOMAS WESTCOTR. IX. mitted to the Rectory on 11th July, 1674, void by his father's death, on the presentation of the said Grace Westcote, the relict and executrix of George Westcote ; but hardly lived to take possession of his preferment. His will was made 9th August, 1674, and he was buried in his church the day following. The second daughter. Prudence, was married, on the 3rd of November, 1635, to John Fulljames, of Pitminster, gent.; the third, Katharine, was married to Edward Hill, gent.; and the fourth daughter, whose christian name we cannot recover, was married to Robert Cannon. To the Rev. Hinds Howell, the present Incumbent of Shobrook, we tender our grateful acknowledgments for his valuable assistance in compiling this Memoir : had we relied on Mr. Prince's account in his " Worthies of Devon," pages 757 — 8, we should have been betrayed into gross inaccuracy. We subjoin a copy of the Will of the Relict of the Historian, together with a Pedigree of the Westcote Family. George Oliver, — Pitman Jones. " In the name of God, amen, I, Mary Westcote, of Shobrook, in the county of Devon, widow, taking into consideration the frailties of this present life, the certainty of death, and the uncertainty of the time thereof, and being at this present (though somewhat weak in body, yet, blessed be God,) of a sound and disposing memory, do, for the tsettling of such worldly Estate wherewith it hath pleased God to bless me, make this my last Will and Testament, hereby revoking all former and other Wills by me made whatsoever: First I commend my soul into the hands of Almighty God my Creator, trusting through the merits and mercy of Christ Jesus alone to have remission of my sins and to enjoy everlasting life, and my body to christian burial, to be laid so near my deceased Husband in Shobrook Church as may be. Item, I give and bequeath unto the poor of the parish of Shobrook Forty Shillings to be distributed amongst them at the time of my funeral according to the discretion and direction of my Executors hereafter named. Item, I give unto the Church- wardens and Overseers of the Poor of Comb-Mavtin Five Pounds of lawful Money of England to be by them and their Successors from time to time preserved as a Stock for the Poor, the increase and profit thereof I would have yearly given by them and their Suc- cessors on St. Thomas' Day before the Nativity of our Lord God, unto the most aged and indigent widow women of the said Town, by Twelve-Pence a-piece, to as many of them as the profit of ihe Money will reach unto. Item, I give and devise unto my grandson, John Northcot, the elder, the great Scriptoire remaining in my chamber. Item, I give and de- vise unto my grand-daughter, Katharine Northcot, my Cypress Chest. Item, I give and devise unto Thomas Westcote, son of my daughter, Frances Westcote, the Sum of Fifty Pounds of lawful Money of England, to be paid within one year after my decease. Item, whereas I am seised in Fee Simple of the Fourth Part or of some other Part of several Lands, Messuages, Tenements, and Hereditaments, situate in the parish of Comb-Mar- X. MEMOIRS OF THOMAS WESTCOTR. tin, in the county aforesaid, and in the parishes of llfracomb, Berry-Narber, and Brattou- Fleming, in the said county, I do hereby give and devise the same unto my grand-son, Thomas Hill, and the Heirs of his body lawfully to be begotten ; and for want of such is- sue, I do give and devise the same unto my grand-son, Richard Hill, and the Heirs of his body lawfully to be begotten ; and for default of such issue, I do give and devise the same unto my grand-son, Edward Hill, and his Heirs for ever. And vrhereas also I am possessed and interested for a great number of years of and in the Fourth Part or of and in some other Part of several Messuages, Lands, and Tenements, situate in the parishes aforesaid of Comb-Martin, llfracomb, and Bratton-Fleming, or in some or one of them, I do hereby give and devise my said Part, Purparty, and Portion of and in such Messuages, Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments unto the aforesaid Thomas Hill, my grand-son, for and during so many of the said years as the said Thomas shall happen to live : and if the said Thomas do happen to live unto the age of one and twenty years, or to be married, I do then give and devise the same unto the said Thomas during all my Estate in the same; but if the said Thomas shall happen to die before he do attain the age of one and twenty or happen to be married, I do then give and devise my Part of the said Messuages, Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments, whereof I am so possessed, unto my grand-son, Richard Hill, for and during so many of the said years as the said Richard Hill shall happen to live ; and if the said Richard Hill do happen to live unto the age of one and twenty or to be married, I do then give and devise the same unto the said Richard during all my Es- tate in the same ; but if the said Richard shall happen to die before he do attain the age of one and twenty or happen to be married, I do then give and devise my Part of the said Messuages, Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments, whereof I am so possessed, unto my grand-son, Edward Hill, his Executors, and Assigns during all my Estate, Term, and In- terest therein. Item, whereas I am seised in Fee Simple of the Fourth Part and Turn of the perpetual Patronage and right of Disposition and Gift of the Vicarage of Chew- Magna in the county of Somerset, I do hereby give and devise my said Fourth Part of the said Advowson and Right of Donation unto Edward Hill, my son-in-law, and his Heirs for ever : and I do desire the said Edward and his Heirs to present thereunto his son, Richard, if God shall ever make him capable thereof ; and after his presenting of him thereunto to grant the Fee Simple of the said part of the said Advowson unto the said Richard Hill and his Heirs for ever. Item, I give and devise unto my grand-son, Philip Westcote, and unto my grand-daughter, Mary Westcote, the Sum of Forty Pounds of lawful Money of England, a-piece, to be paid unto them within one year after my decease. Item, I give and bequeath unto the aforesaid Thomas Hill, my grandson, the Sum of Fifty Pounds of lawful Money of England, to be paid unto him within one year after my decease. Item, I give and devise imto Richard Hill and Edward Hill, my grand-children, the Sum of Two Hundred Pounds a-piece of lawful Money of England, to be paid unto them within one year after my decease : and my will is that the two last Legacies hereby given to the said Richard and Edward Hill should be employed for their best benefit before they attain to the age of one and twenty years or be married : and if it happen that either of them the aaid Richard or Edward shall happen to die before he attain the said age of one and MEMOIR OF THOMAS WESTCOTE. XI. twenty or be married, then my will is the survivor of them shall have the Legacy of him 60 dying and benefit thereof; and if it happen they both die before they attain the said age of one and twenty years or be married, then my will is that my said grand-son, Tho- mas Hill, should have both the said Legacies hereby to them given with the profit thereof. Item, I do give and bequeath unto John Northcot, son of John Northcot, esq., my grand- son, the Sum of Fifty Pounds of lawful Money of England, to be paid unto him within one year after my decease. Item, I give and bequeath unto my grand-son, Thomas Westcote, son of my son Philip, deceased, the Feather Bed in the north chamber and the Two Dust Beds in the maidens' chamber, performed. Item, it is my will that my said grand-son, Thomas Westcote, son of my son Philip, deceased, shall have all Ceilings, Benches, Forms, Shelves, Bedsteads, and Table-Boards which shall remain in or about the house I now dwell in, called Raddon, at the time of my death, (the Table-Boards in the parlour, and the Table-boards in the parlour-chamber only excepted.) Item, I give and devise unto my servant, Mary Fry (if she continue my servant until my death) Ten Pounds. Also I give unto Thomas Johns Ten Shillings. Also I give unto Mary Harris (if she continue my servant until my death) Twenty Shillings, and old Joan Ten Shillings. Also I give unto William Reed, William Short, and Elizabeth Teap in like manner Five Shillings a-piece : which last seven Legacies my will is shall be paid unto every of them within one month next after my decease. All the rest of my Goods, Chattels, and Per- sonal estate, (my plate only excepted,) my Debts, Legacies, and Funeral Expenses being first paid and discharged, I give and devise unto my son-in-law, Edward Hill, Katharine Northcot, and Sarah Fulljames (that is to say) the one moiety or halfendeal of the said Goods and Chattels unto the said Edward Hill, and the other moiety or halfendeal unto the said Katharine Northcot and Sarah Fulljames, between them equally to*be divided ; which said Edward Hill, Katharine Northcot, and Sarah Fulljames I hereby make my whole and sole Executors of this my last Will and Testament. And I do desire my two friends, Thomas Poyntingdon, of Comb, esq., and Christopher Squire, of Town-House, esq., to be Overseers of this my Will, and to see a just performance thereof; by whom I desire my Executors to be ruled in all doubts and differences that may arise concerning this my Will or any thing therein contained : and to each of them I give Tweniy Shillings to buy them rings to wear in remembrance of me. And I further give and devise unto my two sons-in-law, George Westcote and Robert Cannon, Twenty Shillings a-piece to buy them rings also in remembrance of my love unto them. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my Hand and Seal the Third Day of December, in the Seventeenth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord King Charles the Second of England, and Anno Domini, 1665. "Signed, Sealed, and Published by the said^ Mary Westcote to be her last Will and Testa- ment, in presence of Thomas Hugh, Junr. \ MARY WESTCOTE." Mary Fry. The Seal bears the Arms of West- The mark of Thomas f Rice. J cote impaled with Roberts. Proved in the Court of the Archdeacon of Exeter, by the said Edward Hill, Katharine Northcot, and Sarah Fulljames, the Executors, on 16th November, 1666. B* PEDIGREE OF OF SHOBROOK, Ann (Wilson,) = Thomas Westcote, relict of John second son of Thomas Raddon, of Westcote, by Mary his Shobrook, wife, said to have come Devon, ob. s.p. into Devon with Sir Thomas Dennis of Holcomb-Burnel, knight, ob. 28 March, 1549, buried at Shobrook. Alice, only daughter and heir of John Walter, of Comb, Devon, gent., buried at Shobrook, 6 October, 1557. Philip Westcote,: of Raddon, gent., married at Shobrook 17 October, 1557, ob. 4, and l3uried there 7 February, 1600. RogerProuse = Alice, of Horewell, in Colebrook. baptized 5 Dec. 1559. Robert, baptized 8 Dec, 1560, ob. ccelebs buried at Shobrook 6 March 1636-7. George, baptized 22 Mar., 1561-2, ob, ccelebs May, 1589, aged 27. Thomas = Major. Pascaw, baptized 31 March, 1563. Wm. Packer, : of Shobrook, Genor, baptized 18 Dec. 1563, married 21 Oct. 1590. :Katharine, daughter > George Waltham, of Brenton, in Exminster gent., buried near her hi band 19 February, 161 THOMAS, the Historian, baptized 17 June, 1567. = Mary, eldest daughter and CO -heiress of Richard Robert ofComb-Martir Devon, gent., buried at Sho- brook 16 Aug. 1666. Philip = Elizabeth, ob. 7 October, | eldest daughter of George Tanner, alias Mortymer, of Greeley, in Farringdon, gent. 1647, and buried at Shobrook, aged 41. Thomas, who ruined his family. Mary. Philip, (a posthu- mous child.) I Frances, married 27 Nov., 1631, at Stockleigh- Pomeroy, ob. 16 March, 1649-50. r "^George Westcote, m. a., Rector of Berry-Narbor, ob. 2 March. 1674. Thomas, also Rector of Berry-Narbor, born 7 May, 1639, ob. 9, buried there 10 Aug., 1674, Hugh. Prudence, married at Shobrook BNovember, 1635. Grace. Mary, baptized 10 Oct., 1641, buried 31 January, 1648, at Berry-Narbor, Thomas, baptized 1 Nov., 1636, buried 21 Jan. following, at Shobrook. WESTCOTE, DEVON. J I John, Alice. baptized 4 Dec, 1568, and died young. = Thomas =ArthurElizabeth,= R. E. Susan,=William Ann, = Henry PHiLip,JuLi"ANA=HuMPHREy Prye of Hart. baptized RoGERS.baptizedMATTHEW. baptized Clotworty baptized Reynolds, Horwellin 5 May, 25 7 Sen., of Taunton. 23, of Colebrook, 1570, Novem. 1577, January, Cheriton- esq^., married 1571. married 1579-80, Fitzpaine. ob. 1584., 4 Sep., 3 Oct., buried s.p. 1598. 1603. 31 Jan. 1593-4. ■John Fulljames, of Pitminster, gent., ob. at Shobrook, 15 Sep., 1644, aged 29. Katharine,: buried at Shobrook 17 August, 1665. Edward Hill, gent. T John Northcote, Robert Cannon. Mary, baptized 27 February, 1637-8, buried 26 July, 1645, at Shobrook. Mary, buried 1 April, 1659, at Shobrook. Thomas. Richard. John. Katharine. THE INTRODUCTION. Geographers, which describe kingdoms, and Historiographers, that wi-ite their histories, are more troubled (as we find by their writings,) to search and find out the proper names of countries and cities, and whence they are derived, and the reason why they were first imposed, than in any other matter, although of far greater worth and consequence ; which seems to me a needless and unnecessary labour, in regard they are so often changed by the vicissitude of inhabitants ; as the poet excellently saith, — " Sith that befalls not always that his seed Who built the town, doth in the same succeed: And to say more, since under heaven no race Perpetually possesseth any place ; For when, as winds the angry ocean moves, Wave hunteth wave, and billow billow shoves ; So do all nations justle each the other. And so one people doth pursue another : And scarce the second hath the first unhous'd Before the third him thence again hath rows'd." And yet this is generally expected, and therefore caused Plutarch (that great dictator of knowledge,) to complain, in his exordium to the Life of Romulus, that the history writers did much vary in their writings; by whom, and for c XIV. INTRODUCTION. what cause, the name of the great city Rome (in that time the glory of the whole world,) was first imposed on it : for their conjectures were variable in regard there was not any synonime, or word, answering in signification to that of Rome. And some have gathei'ed, out of ancient writers, that the Romans (moved with a particular superstition,) would have the true and first name of their city to remain hid; which Pliny expresseth plainly (speaking of that city,) in these words — "cujus nomen alteram dicere, Arcanis ceremoniarum nefas habetur." — The secret ceremonies forbid to teU the other (meaning the time and proper) name thereof. We will pass over the alledged reasons hereof, and forbear to make guess among foreign ^vl•iters, in regard it is so apparently seen in our oM'n comitry, whether you name it Albion, Britain, or England; (whose fame is now farther spread than Rome's in its greatest glory;) for about each of these several names, and the first plantation thereof, many worthy, wise, and learned men have long time busied, wearied, yea! and clean thed themselves; and yet, in fine, left it but upon supposals and uncertain conjectures. Let us together herewith seriously consider the alterations of the names of such other countries in the history whereof we are most conversant, and for our more steady assurance, leave poets and uncertain reporters, and such as come casually by tradition; and solely observe how the countries, cities, and mountains in the promised land ( to the heirs of Abraham,) had their names altered from his time (or when Moses viTote,) to our SaA'iour's birth, some 1500 of years : and again, from that time to this our age, some 1630 years longer ; and not only that, but therewithal the alteration of the natiare and quahty of the soil; and we shall find much matter worthy our serious consideration and observation ; and that not without some admiration in the vicissitude and interchangeable course of those places, both in name and nature ; which divers travellers have rightly considered, when in their late travels they have \dewed it, not only with the eyes of their bodies, but with their chiefest and most judicious consideration; especially when they not only beheld but also endured the starving penury and barrenness of that region, and could hardly be induced to believe that it should be the land that Jehovah ( the great God of heaven,) had assured his elected servant Abraham, should be so fruitful as to flow with milk and honey : for INTRODUCTION. XV. That pleasant soil that did even shame ere-while, The plenteous beauties of the banks of Nile ; Void now of force, or vital vegetive, Upon whose breast nothing can live or thrive. As the divine poet singeth. This duly considered, who will be able ( if the world should continue the like time to come,) to render a reason why the ports, havens, islands, and kingdoms in America have their now new imposed denominations by their late discoverers and latest conquerors, (the ancient being irrevocably lost,) as Peru, Florida, Virginia, and especially the lands of Famine and Desolation, which two may, long within that supposed time, be found habitable, and made, by the chastising hand of husbandry and careful industry, as fruitful and beneficial for the use of man, for things necessary, as any of the other. If we intend to build our foundation on sure ground, I may question what hath been left us written worthy our undoubted belief (the sacred Scriptures only excepted,) before the wars of Thebes or the destruction of Troy, (which is supposed near the age that Jephthah judged Israel,) and yet both these are left us, delivered rather poetically than historically ; which emboldens me to demand the question, with the poet Lucretius, — " Cur supra bellum Thebanum, et funera Troja;, Non alias quondam veteres cecinere Poeta;?" ' Of Actions ere the Theban war, or Troy's fall, Why have the ancient poets not writ at all ?" You cannot fail of a probable answer, that few languages had then characters, and few men were then learned men, and those learned were not all writers ; and those that wrote in those ages, treated of matters of greater worth and consequence, and more needful to be known and pei-petuated to posterity ; and such books so written, ( being in neither of the sti'ong and durable substance of Seth, his pillars, to endure and resist the two contrary elements, of fire and water,) have perished altogether in those great hbraries. If the original of kingdoms, their primitive names, and especially the reasons or causes of the impositions of them be so laborious in quest, and so difficult to be found, much more industry wUl be required, and far more obscure will be the search for subjected several provinces within them. Of XVI. INTRODUCTION. one of which, Devonshh'e, my native soil, I intend, by God's assistance, (after my poor skill and reading,) to shew you a slight superficial view. Dii cceptis O God with thy favours Aspirate meis Prosper my endeavours. Wherein, if among the confused chaos of varieties of matters, as etymologies, antiquities, names of towns and men, epitaphs, charters, rhythms, histories, and traditions I shall endeavour to make choice, to yield content by following the poet's advice, when he saith, — " Omne tulit punctum, qui miscuit utile dulci." Who profit and delight shall join in one, Doth win the chiefest price, and he alone. I hope I may intermix a pleasant tale with a serious discourse, and an unwrit- ten tradition with a chronicled history, old ancient armories and epitaphs, well near buried in obhvion, (matters not supervacual nor unworthy to be received and kept living, unless we could be content to have our own name and remembrance to perish with our bodies,) ancient families now extinct, or rather transanimated into others ; some etymologies seeming and perchance strange and far fetched; old, new, serious, jovial, curious, trivial : for these and matters of such nature may, without peradventure, give recreation to a wearied body and mind (that reads for recreation,) with more dehght and content for variety, than dislike the severe critic for simplicity, vulgarity, or doubt of verity. Some few things will occur in reading, and to be collected out of divers authors; but much more is to be sought for variety, in dark and obscure places, by industrious labour; wherein, aiming conjectures, if they err, are to be pardoned, (for he that divineth in things of this quality, upon bare supposals, may as well shoot short, as overshoot, the mark he aimeth at,) for they be not seriously alledged, but only to furnish and beautify the edi- fice, as pictures and maps in a gallery. In reading the epitaphs, you shall, as it were, converse with the dead : (whose relics, long since dissolved to dust, will neither flatter nor accept thereof :) see their obehsks and monuments, read their remembrances in- INTRODUCTION. XVII. dorsed on their grave- stones; (which shew us either what they were, or what we shall be; or, sometimes, what we should be ;) and their worthy actions registered, to persuade their posterity and encourage them to imi- tation. Yet I would not wish you to think to have more good of the fox than his skin, for so your expectation may be unsatisfied; which, if it be, "sciant presentes et futuri" — that this poor cot was erected with brick, burnt with stubble gathered with mine own hands in such barren fields as I have gleaned; wherein they, of whom I have had any assistance, (be it never so slender,) shall not be forgotten; but his county somewhere remembered and their mite made a bezant : and if such, as upon request, have refused to yield me any help, shall (as I am assured they will before others,) tax me of neglect for forgeting their ancestry, as I passed by their houses, I could wish them more courtesy and affability, and not so penuriously sparing ; and first to know themselves before they do imagine to know others; and, when they have learned that — nosce teipsum, not to chest up that knowledge, nor scorn to refuse to participate it to others , and to remember this verse. Scire tuum nihil est, nisi te scire : hoc sciat alter. — No praise to thee that thou knowest much, When none else knows thy knowledge such. But you will expect a large hall, where the portal is so great. I will only make this motion, and give you free entrance ; — that if any thing sound or seem to your judicial understanding harsh or averse, contrary to my intendment, that in regard of my willingness, my errors of unskilfuhiess may have a favourable and mild interpretation. And in all serious matters of antiquity, those authors I have followed will plead my integrity. It is dull, doubtful, and uncertain travelling in unknown ways without a guide ; yet he is driven to a far greater extremity that, at every doubtful place or turning lane, is taught a several way by each traveller he meets with; yet, howsoever, ( if you please to travel thither,) have with you about Denshire. THE FIRST BOOK. CHAPTER I. Whence Devonshire is said to take name, and the divers opinions thereof. Devonia, Devonshire, now by Synseresis, Denshire (a province of the little world of Great Britain, as Claudian said, — " Nostro deducta Britannia mundo," The Britain nation found From all the world disjoin'd,) was sometimes one and the same province with Cornwall, and so by all ancient writers reputed, and both included under the Latin name Danmonia; i by Solinus Pylyhistor, Dunmonia; by Ptolomseus, Damnonia; and in some copies, Danmonia, as derived from Monia, which the Britons used for mines, or from their habitation under hills in low and deep valleys. These worthy ancient writers lived far remoted; and intelligence by such as travelled hither and only touched at our havens, or perchance travelled some part of the country, (hardly understanding the language,) whose relations must be very uncertain ; and they (as we may conjecture,) added to the names a 20 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOkI. Greek or Latin cadence, which might much alter the words and the propriety thereof. For, in my opinion, (saith a learned writer,) those that declare the first names of strange countries far remoted, are as the poor which wear their garments all bepatched and pieced, whereof the pieces that are added and sown on of new, are much more in quantity of cloth than the garment be- fore when it was first made, and difier in colour; which is plainly to be seen in the first discoveries of the Indies ; and the like you may think of this western world ere it was thoroughly discovered and inhabited; whereof I have obsei^ved no weak conjecture by two places especially, written by good authors, and are thus, — " When the Spaniards had conquered Mexico and were purposing to proceed farther, their commander, in his manner, demanded of one of the natives he met withal, what the country was named, who answered, ' Peru;' by which name it is known vmto this day; which, in his language, was, I know not what you say. Again, when the Alarbes, or Moors, first invaded Spain, meeting a poor Besonio driving an ass loaden, asked him what those territories were called ; who, understanding not their speech, gave no answer, but spake to his ass, 'Andoluzia ; which, in his own speech was, gup Luzia, for so had he named his ass; thence that province hath the name of Andoluzia." These examples, if not feigned, may serve to express unto us that the original of names are most uncertain, and many times, by strangers, imposed upon strange unprobable and unhkely occa- sions. I should rather, therefore, ( in regard it is a work that needs assistance, and that I shall not be able to overcome by my own strength,) crave aid of the Britons, the ancient inhabitants, whose posterity yet remaining are the Welch. They named it, Diffinent, Duflfeneyn, or Dennan ; all which, in one sense, signify deep and narrow valleys ; and doth, in some sort, ex- press the nature and condition of the soil, which is mountainous and hilly : and where those are, consequently are valleys, for there were never seen two hills without a valley. And yet I cannot depend on this neither, for I have been informed by one that speaks that language, and seems to imder- stand it well, that in that speech they have another word for valleys, which is, Lhan, and by that they name their valleys; as in Denbighshire, they name that rich countrv of Crosse-Vale, Lhan Gwest. Chap. I.] view of Devonshire. 21 Some there are which would have it derived from the Danes, and to be called the Danes'- Shire ; but therefore as yet could I never find any proba- bihty, only a sympathy in letters, or a synonime in sound, but not at all in signification : for this denomination was very ancient, before the Danes' first arrival, not above 850 years since; and they had smalltime of command here (much less of royal and quiet government,) to give names to stirps or tribes, much less to towns, cities, or provinces. But some, in their private opinions, may be severally pleased; some with one, some with another of these; yet for that these varieties serve to no better purpose than to shew the uncertainty, I wiU leave them all to those that shall afiect them in their particular choice. I will be free. Nullius addictusjuvare in verba magistri. — To no man am I so much thrall To swear he speaketh truth in all. And I hope I may be excused if I differ from others (though my betters) in this particular, and ofiier my opinion and conjecture among the multitude, which a Tytus Lysach (so in the M.S.) every man hath hberty to put for himself, I would call it Avonshire, De Avonshire, and so by contraction, Denshire. Nay, look not strangely, I speak in our old vulgar speech : for Avon, in the old British language, is a river; and (taken generally as it signifiesTTthe name for all fleeting waters, as wells, riUs, becks, brooks, riverets, streams, and rivers: and this province abounding more copiously in lakes, waters, and rivers than any other that I have heard or read of, I am induced to think and believe it may, with as good reason, take name from them as from mines, valleys, or Danes; for Here many brooks, as through the groves they travel. Do sport for joy upon the silver gravel. De Avon, or Devon, the country of rivers, or waters : which may be sooner granted, aiid wrth less alteration of letters by far, than any of the former ; agreeing better with the property of our language, especially with the nature of the soUs, whereunto we should chiefly allude in naming of places: as the poet rightly avers, — D 22 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. "Conveniunt rebus nomina saepe suis." — The names of things we often see With things themselves fitly agree. The light of reverend antiquity and knowledge Mr. Camden maketh proof without exception, that the Gawlish or British speech was all one and the self-same. Being granted, Diu, in the British speech, signifieth, with us, God : and Avon, a spring or river, as Ausonius saith, (writing of a fountain near Bordeaux,) — "Divona celtarum lingua, fons addita Divis." Divona, in the Celtish words, A well sacred to God affords. Or a divine well or river, whereof more shall be spoken. First I must tell you that there are divers rivers in this kingdom that have no other name or attribute but Avon, the river; and may be said to be anonyma, without name ; as in our ordinary common phrase we say, when go you to the town? not giving it any other name, be it Exeter, York, or London ; intending the most near. So may we also say, when will you go to avon? the river; naming neither Ex, Ouse, nor Thames. And these are also dispersed in other countries also ; but in our own first. Tliere is one of very good note in Wiltshire, that falls from Dorset- shire into the ocean. Another of that name, that breaketh out of the earth, at Avon-weUs, in Leicestershire, by Malmesbury, called, Avon-the-less ; passeth through Northamptonshire, and cleaveth Warwick, Worcester, and Somersetshire; running many miles to visit Bath and Bristol, and then increaseth Severn. In Glamorganshire you have a town bearing the name of Aber-Avon; as if we should say, the river's mouth; for so indeed is the site thereof. In Monmouth also and Merioneth, in each of these is a river that hath no other denomination. And that structure of admirable magnificence, built by Cardinal Wolsey, in ostentation (as it was said) of his superabundant wealth, Hampton- Court, now a royal palace of our sovereigns, was first named Avon, for that it stood close upon the river, as Leland avoucheth : — Chap. I.] view of Devonshire. 23 " Nomine ab antique jam tempore dictus Avon." Hampton Court is the same In elder times that Avon had to name. And for the generality thereof in the sheriifdom of Stirling, in Scotland, we find that Adrianus the emperor, or his adopted Titus -^lius Hadrianus, Antoninus Pius, or his lieutenant, Lollius Urbius, did there for the defence of the country erect a wall of turf; which began (as the Scots write,) at Avon, or the river, that falleth into Edinburgh Frith. And that it was in more languages, which have now little (yea no) con- currence with our speech, is plainly seen in the kingdom of Ireland, in the counties of Cork and Waterford. There runneth the river now lately, of us, called Broad- water ; but in elder times, Avonmore, the great or large river : on the banks whereof standeth Ardmore : of which place and river Necham, long since, versified thus, — " Et urbem Lismore pertransit flumen Avon-more. Ardmore cernit ubi concitus aequor adit." Thy river, Avonmore, Through Lysmore town doth run ; Ardmore him sees, and there apace To sea he speeds anon. But to conclude, all what might be farther said, by the sentence of the dictator of knowledge, whose words I will only exemphfy: "Avon, in the Britisb speech," saith Mr. Camden, " importeth a river, whereof Avon- town taketh denomination ; which is no more strange than in the same sig- nification, Watertown, Rivertown, and Bourne, to omit many others, for so the Latins used Aquinum et Fluentum." The Uke is also alledged ( by authors of great authority,) of countries and regions in foreign parts ; for Ivo Carnotensis aflSrmeth that Aquitania (a great dukedom in France, well near a third part thereof,) took name of Waters- de Aquis. Junius niaintaineth that Denmark took denomination from denne, fir trees, where they abound. Verstegan aUedgeth, out of Englehusius that the Saxons took appellation from their short swords or knives, which they wore and fought withall ; ( it was with such they made the 24 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. massacre of the British nobihty upon the plains near unto Amesbury;) of which in regard their armories also were agreeable thereunto, viz, three seaxes in pale arg. were these Latin rhymes made ; — " Quippe brevis gladius apud illos Saxa vocatur Unde sibi Saxo nomen tiaxisse putatur." The short swords that they wore had Saxes unto name. And therefore Saxons they were called of the same. It is also written of the Britons, by Gildas, that they yielded divine wor- ship to waters and rivers, as formerly, out of Ausonius, hath, by the name of Divona, (God's well,) been aUedged ; especially in the ordeal-trial (as they termed it,) of cold water for the discovery of witchcraft; wherein their opinion was, that the element of water was so pure and holy that it would not suffer itself to be contaminated and defiled by receiving the body of any such contagious or vile person, though cast thereinto bound hand and foot, but that it would bear the witch and not suffer him to sink; for such as sunk to the bottom were presently drawn on land and held guiltless. It is not for christians to make such use of rivers, or to trust them so far ; yet are we to take it as a great blessing of the Almighty that we have such store of waters to enrich our lands and portage of commodities ; and as the kingly prophet sings, — " He sendeth springs into the brooks That run among the hills, Wherewith wild asses quench their thirst And all beasts drink their fills." Yet this nation incurred not this aspersion alone for having rivers in this estimation, for the Germans honoured the river Rhine, making it a judge in case of defiled wedlock; and those of Thessaly did the Uke to Peneus for his virtues; and Julius Solinus ascribeth the Uke to a spring in Sardinia in the trial of theft ; for whosoever by oath denied the fact and washed his eyes with the water thereof, if he swore truly his sight became the clearer ; but perjuring himself, the fault was presently discovered by his bhndness, and the delinquent was enforced to confess the fact and lose his sight. Chap. II.] vikw of Devonshire. 25 But in these ordeal trials, though the way be spacious and pleasant I will lead you no farther. But to return to the name of this province, whereof you have heard my conjecture with others; which I leave to your censure, which I can neither entreat nor persuade you to favour; for I am not so ape-like-affected to it to applaud it ; neither have I reason to fear opposition : for this aetiologie can neither seem harsh nor absurd, in regard the words and quaUty are so consonant ; and the name also doth, as a true picture, plainly represent the nature of the thing, which, in etymologies, is chiefly required and sought after. Now leaving the better explanation of the name of Devon to him that can with Neevius, "cotem novacula scindere," — cleave hard stones with razors, I will tell you when Devon and Cornwall were sundered, divided, and parted. CHAPTER II. When the Danmonian Province was severed, and the limits thereof. This province of Danmonia (now divided into two, and named Cornwall and Denshire,) continued a long time unseparated, even to the reign of K. Athelstan, son of Edward the elder, in the year of our salvation 939; for the Briton had possessed this country wholly many years before the incar- nation of Christ, even (as the chroniclers of Wales and other British writers have calculated,) 1137, until they were invaded and brought into a kind of unwillmg subjection (for they were never wholly conquered,) by the Ro- mans, who kept a powerful unquiet possession here some 500 years ; after which time, their glory declining and power decaying, and having almost, by their many battles, and the transportation by the here elected emperor, Maximus, of the valiant natives into the continent to try their civil (or un- 26 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. civil, rather,) and private quarrels, almost dispeopled the land ; so they might weep what Lucan sang, — " Desuntque manus poscentibus arvis." There wanted hands For tillage of the lands. Then they yielded the government again to the natives, who were brought into so small a number as the question might be demanded, with the poet, — "Generis quo turba reducta est Humani."- Full hard it was to find Any remainder of mankind. And that weak and small remainder were most cruelly vexed and pursued by their northern neighbours, the Picts and Scots, (as Gildas largely and lamentably relateth in his history,) so that in their distress they were enforced to crave aid of foreign nations, and made choice of the Saxons as most to be trusted. And Vortigern, their new elected king, (for he was first but earl, or governor of Danmonia,) sent ambassadors to entreat their loving assistance for a time ; who presently came as loving friends to aid and assist the Britons. But some (perceiving the weakness and fertility of the land,) became tyrannising, suppressing, and supplanting enemies ; seizing upon the best part of the whole land : expelling the poor and weak natives ; some into South and North Wales, others into the land of Armonica; (now called Little Brittain ;) for there was a colony of this nation formerly seated, and as yet (as it is said,) retain their dialect and language, very little altered, this great long time. For as a French poet saith, — " The ancient Britons ( by the Saxons chas'd From native Albion,) soon the Gauls displac'd From Armorick, and then victoriously After their name surnamed it Brittany." Others retired into these western parts; for it is registered in the history Chap. II.] view op Devonshire. 27 of the church, that Theonis and Thaduceus, Archbishops of Canterbury and York, were, by the Huns, Picts, and Saxons (who made desolation in the outward face of the church,) di-iven into the deserts of Danmonia. It was not long also ere these domineering Saxons began to intrude and usurp upon the Britons in this province likewise, and to co-inhabit jointlv together with them both in the country and city of Exeter, with equality of use though not of right ; and therefore neither with love nor good agree- ment. For the Saxons being natural subjects to the king and of his lan- guage, bearing all offices, and having all authority under him, yielded all duty and due obedience. But the Britons wanting the means (not having the language,) to speak for themselves, and kept in hard subjection, grew impatient in their hard and slavish servitude, under the yoke of strangers, and much repined to have their freedom fettered with such heavy chains under new lords and new laws, yielded only an unwilling and forced sub- jection: and being of courage and spirits naturally martial, conceived them- selves much injured in not having equal favour and authority with the Saxons, which were indeed but inmates unto them. So by a weariness and loathing conceived against the government, they sought liberty; and so averting their hearty love from their sovereign, and incensed with hatred towards their co-inhabitants, their muttering and murmuring was so appa- rent as it could be no longer palliated, and therefore, as the poet saith, — " With wrongs and servitude now grown desperate. With loud proud terms they do expostulate ;" and so proceeded by degrees from words to blows, quarrels, debates, and murders; even to civil wars. Little considering the reproof that Solon gave the Athenians in the like case, when he said, — " If presently your burden heavy be, Yet murmur not against the gods therefore ; The fault is yours, as ye yourselves may see : Which granted, have of mighty Mars the lore. To such as now by your direction Do hold your necks in such subjection," But K. Athelstan, to prevent an absolute rupture and to compass his end without precipitation, used all gentle means and royal clemency ; admonish- 28 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. ing them by letters, messages, proclamations, to pacify and qualify their implacability and furious rage. But neither of these prevaiUng with the stiff-necked Britons, he was inforced to use his royal authority (in extremity) by arms. So after he had subdued the Scots (and the Welch at Hereford) he came into these parts with a powerful army, and after sundry conflicts chased the Britons (whose courage was far above their strength, and to move without might is bootless,) out of these parts, now called Denshire, (an ordinary event when rage runneth faster than judgment and power can keep pace with it,) driving them beyond the river now called Taw-meer; making that river the bounds, limits, or meer between the two counties ; whereof it may not seem improbable to take the addition of meer. For in this province we have four fair and large rivers, which begin their names very like in the first syllable. Taw, Towridge, Teavy, and this Taw- meer. For this then being called Taw might have the addition of meer, which signifieth a bound or limit : so Taw-meer, Taw the bounds : and so it is, for the major part, even to this day ; a little encroachment of Devon excepted . Then the British name began to decline, and shortly after was wholly extinguished ; and from thenceforth they were, by the Saxons, termed Comu- Gualenses, or Wallenses, and their country, Cornwall ; in regard they were separated from the Saxons, and were to dwell in a narrow strict corner, or nook, of the land by themselves. And so, by some men's inter- pretation, doth the word Cornwall signify; being compounded of Kernaw (in Latin, Cornu,) and Walli (in Latin, Peregrinus:) Cornu in Enghsh is a horn which is bigger at the one end than the other and crooked withal. And even so is this country; for in the east-most part, where it borders upon this province, it hath near miles in breadth, but by degrees waxeth lesser and lesser ; for as, at the point, it is little more than a mile over. Wally (by which word we denominate Welchmen,) is a Saxon word, signifying a stranger or alien, (for so do the Germans also term all those as are foreigners, neither of their nation or language, as learned Mr. Camden hath duly observed,) and this I presume to be the reason that we call those Britons inhabiting Wales, Walli ; in English, Welchmen ; and those of Cornwall, Cornua- Wallenses, Corn-Welchmen, or Cornishmen. Chap. III.] view of Devonshire. 2,9 But Malmesbury doth render another reason I do confess, but with very small probability ; saying that they were called Comuwallenses ; for being seated in the western part of England, they were opposite against a horn, or promontory, of Gaule. The whole name (saith another most judicious observer,) is as if you should say, ComwaUes : for hither, in the Saxons' conquest, the Britons, called Walsh, (or, as it were, Gwalsh ; the w and g transmuted ; for the French call our prince. Prince of Gwales, not Wales, and so expresseth them rather Gaules than strangers ;) made transmigration hither, and here planted themselves ; whereof the old rythmer thus, — 1 3 3 " The vewe that were of hem beleved, As in Corn-wale and Wales ; 4 5 6 Briton nor namore ycleped, 7 Ac Wales y wis." 1 few. 2 tbem. 3 left. 4 were. 5 no more. 6 named. 7 but. CHAPTER III. Of the extent and bounds of Danmonia. The two provinces [of Devon and Cornwall,] in their union is, by some, supposed to be much larger in former times than both are now ; extending it half in length from the farthest point of the island Scilly in the west, unto the eastmost confines of the Durotriges and Belgians, containing both Dorset and Somerset shires. And some affirm that in former ages (long since, I think,) Scilly was continent land with Cornwall, and separated by the violent irresistible force of raging storms of Neptune in his fury ; for which they allege not only an ancient tradition from father to son, but a 30 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. reason, that it is now with Denshire under one bishop ; ( though in some times they have been several sees under several bishops;) and also this instance, that in a fair sun-shine day, sea-faring men see and discern plainly sundry ruins, as monuments of houses and churches under the waters : but I will leave it for them to make it good ; I wiU give no security for it. Yet needs it not so strong a behef altogether as Volsius his affirmation, that this the country of Great Britain was sometime one continent with France, and that the tracts between Dover and Calais was gained by the sea ; as 0^^d writeth of Helice and Bury, cities of Achaia, — . " If you go seek for Helice And Bury, which were cities of Achaia, you shall see Them hidden under water, as to shipmen yet doth show The walls and steeples of the towns drown'd under, as they row." These provinces also united were called Corinea; takmg denomination (as some stiffly affirm,) of Corineus, a supposed kinsman of supposed Brutus, a wise and vahant man and in much esteem with his lord,) by him rewarded with this country. But he that vdll credit this must consequently beUeve the whole history of Brutus and his descent, which is strongly opposed and shrewdly shaken by the chiefest writers of our age. And I see no greater reason why this country should not take name of him more rather than Circiter, Circester, or Ciren-cester, which Ptolomie names Corinium, and the river fleeting by it Corinus, now Chume, in the county of Glocester. But being left unto us as a tradition (albeit, not, as some think, very ancient,) from mouth to mouth, I will not be so void of civihty utterly to reject it, (although some things seem more fabulous, interposed perchance by some augmenting transcribers,) but leave every man to the choice of his own mind w^here to fasten his behef. Forbearing to speak farther of Corn- wall, being eased of that labour by the industrious labours of the right worthy and worshipful gentleman, Richard Carew, of Anthony, who, under the name of a survey, hath very eloquently desci-ibed it. Chap. IV.] view of Devonshire, 31 CHAPTER IV. Of the limits, hundreds, market towns, and parishes in the county of Devon. Now, according to my purpose, I wiU proceed only with Devon, which hath long lain in obscurity, illustrated only by the valiant actions of the worthy heroes thereof, and not by the quills of the natives ; who are such as dare rather to adventure in their travels by sea and land, to discover new worlds, to find them, and to conquer and people kingdoms therein, than to encounter the squint eye of envy, or black heart of mahce, by treading the ridged, untrodden, uncouth path, by which I have undertaken to guide you; which promiseth neither reward nor regard, but scornful backbiting and scandalous detraction. This province, in the south east, borders on Dorsetshire; and then in Thorncomb, or, if you will. Lime, whereof this town may perchance ( I cannot avouch it,) take nomination. Lime, thehmits between both Shires; in the north-east Somerset, and therein Culbone and Exmoor, and Coun- tesberry on our side. On the west, not the river Cambia, (as in the learned Lhuid's Enerlish edition, the transcriber's or printer's error, as I suppose,) but Tambria, — Taw-meer; and Hartland Point in the north-west; between which and Thorncomb it is in length 54 miles; and in breadth, from the south British ocean at Salcomb to the north Severn sea, 56 miles: which shews it in largeness the second to the greatest in the kingdom : within which circum- ference of 206 are included at this present 33 cantreds, centuries, or hund- reds. ( I say at this present, for in former ages I find either more, or these otherwise named.) This division of centuries was first made (as I find,) by K. Alfred, near the year 897 ; that by the residence of subordinate officers, peace at home might be the better maintained, foreign invasion (by the 32 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I" quick assembly of the inhabitants) the timelier resisted, the taxes and reve- nues laid more evenly and levied more easily, justice (at the hundred courts at home at their doors,) with less charge and travel administered. And in these hundreds, by the sheriff's book, are parish churches; in the lord bishop's registry not so many: Mr. Camden numbers less, Mr. Speed more. The cause of this difference is easily known and as soon reconciled ; for the sheriff, in his book of freeholders, for their appearance at the assizes and sessions, numbers all, whether they be mother- churches or chapels of ease appendant; when the register acknowledgeth none but such as have spiritual promotions. In former times those were accounted for mother- churches (as I am taught,) as had right of baptism and sepulture ; and all other held for field churches, or chapels of ease: but this distinction is long since abrogated. Concerning our parishes and the number of them I farther find thus ; in a parliament holden at Westminster, in the first week in Lent, in the 45th of Edward III. anno 1371, the clergy granted to the king an aid for the wars in France, of 50,000£. and the temporal lords and commons gave the like, to be levied of all the parishes in England, in this manner: — every parish to be rated at 23s. 4d., and the greater to help the less and ease them : supposing, according to the vulgar account, that there had been so many parishes in England to have raised that sum at that rate. Wherefore writs were directed to the several shires to certify the number of parishes, and it was found that the sums of 50,000£. could not be levied after that proportion. Whereupon the king summoned a council at Winchester at Easter following, and every parish was rated at £5. 16s. one with the other. At which time there was found in this county 381 parishes; which was towards the grand sum £2209. 16s. But by this rate of £5. 16s. the sum amounted to £50181. 8s., and therefore the parishes of this county, by means of their poverty, were abated, and cessed but at £5. 12s. lOd. each, and the £181. 8s. abated in this shire. And I dare boldly say, that if it had at any time need of abatements, it hath as much at this present, if not more, by the multitude of poor abounding in it. Of market towns, besides the city of Exeter, it numbers whereof are incorporated ; and it serves the king and commonwealth, at the Chap. V.] view of Devonshire. 33 parliament, with two knights and sixteen burgesses; and the city of Exeter addeth two citizens. — Barnstaple. . . two. Plymouth .... two. Beer- Alston . . two. Plimpton two. Dartmouth. . ^ Tavistock .... two. Clifton ....?■ two. Totnbs two. Hardness . . * Tiverton two. There are also two forests, Dartmoor, that lieth wholly in this county, and part of Exmoor. Of parks, some few are yet remaining of the great store our fathers could speak of; the others, by the frugality of the owners, converted to a more profitable and beneficial use for themselves and the republic. But of the market towns and forests we shall have opportunity to speak more largely hereafter, and will therefore forbear at this place. With waters and rivers (as I have formerly said,) it is plentifully and bountifully stored; for brooks and rills, becks, bourns, riverets, and such like, the number is infinite; divers whereof meeting and incorporated to- gether are enlarged to rivers of that largeness and amplitude, that ere they come to pay tribute to Neptune, are navigable; as Ex, Dart, Tamer, Taw, Towridge, and Plime: all which abound with sundry sorts of dainty fish; but chiefly salmon, and thereof plenty; whereof Ex is said to have the preeminence, as yielding them always in season. CHAPTER V. Of the temperature of the air, and the nature of the Inhabitants, The air in these parts (although much subject mito rain and showery dews, as is the whole island, (far more than were in the continent,) and therefore called by some Matulam Planetarum,) is very healthy, temperate, sweet, and pure : ( I mean not that purity which an ancient father believed, 34 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I, or rather supposed, is upon the mount of Olympus, where the air, he saith, is so thin and pure that it can neither support the birds that offer to fly therein, nor useful for the breathing of men used to a grosser air ;) but healthy, clear from damps, breathing long life to the Inhabitants :) for our forefathers, who accustomed themselves to measure the delicacy of food and rest by the yard of hunger and weariness, Uved temperately and fru- gally; content with what the earth afforded for satisfpng of nature's want ; yea, in the most ancient times, as Diodorus Siculus affirmeth, with bark and roots, and especially a certain confection, whereof the quantity of a bean would satisfy nature in such sort, that after the taking thereof they neither hungered nor thirsted (as Dio Nicseus saith,) in a long time after. They were then strong and mighty men of renown, able to endure much labour and travel in all weathers, lived to a great age, (as we read in Plutarch, who reporteth to 120 years,) in health and abihty of body: the longer (as it is thought) for not being weakened with dehcacies : for when they neglected their strong and manly exercises and temperate diet, delight- ing in the sweetness of foreign dainties, and in the excess of their own, it weakened the strength of the one, and shortened the length of the other. It was Csesar's opinion of the Gauls, that their neighbourhood and ac- quaintance with other nations had taught them a more plentiful and nice manner of life ; which, by little and little, had effeminated their minds and weakened their bodies, and made them far inferior to their ancestors. In consideration whereof some have been confident avouchers that such as taste deeply of the sweetness of ease and deUcacies, and are habited with the comphments thereof, have thereby an indisposition to labour, strong exer- cises, or martial actions. For use continueth, as the learned say, the property of a tenure, and non-usage implyeth a forfeiture. This delicacy and excess is described and sharply reproved by a noble and divine poet, when he saith, — " O! plague ! O! poison to the warrior's state! Thoumak'st the noble hearts effeminate. Whilst Rome was rul'd by Curios and Fabrices, Who fed on roots, and sought not for delices, And when the only cresses was the food Most delicate to Persia, then they stood." Chap. VI.] view op Devonshire. 35 CHAPTER VI. Of the soil, beasts, fowl, fishes, grain and fruits. The soil of this country, being very uneven, full of hills and valleys, is very uneasy for travellers and their horses, and gives a barren and unfruit- ful show to the beholders ; and being also very full of stones, is troublesome to pass through: which caused a traveller to compare it to Homer's descrip- tion of Ithyca, the territory of Ulysses, where he saith, — " Of all the isles, Ithyca doth least provide Of meads to feed a horse, or ways to ride." And in another place, somewhat after, — "And Ithyca hath neither ground to be For any length that comprehends a race To try a horse's speed, or any place To make him fat in : fitter for to feed A cliff-bred goat, than raise or please a steed." But to him for answer was replied, out of the same author and of the same isle, by a native gentleman of this country, — "With barren rocks and cliiFs it's overrun, And yet of hardy youths a nurse of fame ; Nor could I find a soil, where ere I came, More sweet and wishful:" and likewise farther proceeded with another place, — " Rocky tis and rough, And so for use of horse unapt enough; But with sad barrenness not much infested. Since clouds are here in frequent rains digested, And flowery dews." 36 yiBW OP DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. And for the ill travel for horses, our common Enghsh proverb maketh full amends; which is versified and says this, — " The country is best for the bider That is most cumbersome to the rider." William of Malmesbury describeth it to be in very poor case in his time, when he said, it yielded scarcely any grain but oats and pulse, and that coarse and slender; which may not be untruly if we give credit to Tacitus, who, speaking of the inhabitants, said, " they are a people thou canst not so easily persuade to manure the ground as to provoke the enemy and adventure wounds; holding that vile and base which is gotten by sweat of brows, when it might be obtained by expense of blood." Yea! and before the time of Henry I,, third son to the Norman Conqueror, this country was all forest; and (as we have formerly said,) the two arch- bishops of Canterbury and York were forced, by their persecutors, into the deserts of Devon and Cornwall ; and Exeter, the emporium and chief city of the same, was then named Caier-pen-hul-goit, the chief town in the forest or deserts. And yet it may be rightly deemed that the people's negUgence, unwillingness, carelessness, ignorance, or contempt of agricixl- ture in those days to be greater than the barrenness or leanness of the soil : the natives being, in all ages, more inchnable to war than husbandry; as rather depending upon provision gotten from others, than by the plough to be their own purveyors. And the earth being full of metals, it may, by all hkelihood, be as truly said of them as of the Tubalines, or Calibes, who lived, as ApoUonius saith, only by exchange of their metals for other commodities ; — " Haec gens tellurem rigido non vertit aratro, Sed ferri venas scindit sub montibus altis." The Tubalines plough not up their barren soil ; But mining hills for iron is their toil. And Naples (now held the garden of Europe,) was sometime named the Land of Labour, as yielding none or little profit and commodity, without great industry, and labour, and pains. And the inhabitants of this country Chap, VI.] view of Devonshire. 37 longed for no other dainties than would kill hunger, maintain life, and yield sufficient content to nature, according to their habit and custom. And though they had good laws, which are seldom born where the sword governs, yet there was no perfect execution of them ; neither could they have any settled government, being always, or the most part of their time, in broils, contentions, civil wars, or molested with foreign invasions ; often also subject to the vicissitudes of new conquerors, or oppressors, tossed and harrowed from place to place : and therefore had httle reason, less leisure and opportunity, and least of all a desire to apply themselves to things which accompany peace, and are the associates and ornaments of civil and settled societies. But no sooner began the sun of quietness, peace, and tranquihty to spread his sweet, bright, and comfortable beams of rest and cahnness (after those storms,) upon this hemisphere, but there was suddenly a strange alteration in the whole superjficies of the land : for viewing the now present state, comparing it with those former ages we have spoken of, you cannot but marvel, admire, yea! wonder at the strange metamorphosis for the better. For, first of all, being deforested by King John (the copy of whose patent, being, as I suppose, not obvious, and divers may be desirous to see it, I will hereafter, in some convenient place, transcribe,) the mountains and stony hills, then full of brakes, woods, and bushments, are now (cast as it were in a new mould,) transformed into large fruitful corn-fields: for, one planting and another watering, God hath blessed their labours with wished profit. The plains yielding nothing but furze, broom and heath, (or Uttle better,) fit shelter and security for badgers, foxes, and beasts of that nature, are now changed into fair leasowes, pastures, and feedings ; dia- pered with variety of pleasant flowers : and where these ravenous beasts of prey had their dens and burrows, houses are now erected, towns, and tem- ples for the service of God; and the valleys, naturally bringing forth nothing (for the most part) but thistles, sedges, briers, water-flags, and burrs, and such unprofitable stufi", are now (weeded of these,) altered and translated into pleasant meadows and marshes, (stocked with herds of cattle and flocks of sheep,) plentifully aiTayed with wholesome herbs and fragrant flowers, bordered with fruitful trees, with verdure of all flourishing things, (agreeing with the nature of our climate; — F 38 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE, [BoOK I. Where heat kills not the cold, nor cold expels the heat, Nor calms too mildly small, nor winds too roughly great;) either for food or physic, profit or pleasure; useful for us, and that plenti- fullv, so that to read what we find it hath been said to be in elder times, and to see what we do at this present, we might be persuaded to think that what the ancients have written was either in jest, or believe it as a di-eam : but I rather think, as the poet Claudian rightly speaks, — ■ " Rerumque remotas Ingeniosa vias paulatim explorat egestas." Want did inforce them with a sharp edge of wit To seek out things remote, unknown as yet. We cannot allow ourselves the leisure to think upon the particularities of every thing ; it would be laborious, tedious, and unnecessary ; and the nature of our undertaking will not brook to have every thing described at large: you shall have the generals briefly. Of grain we want no sort that the kingdom yields. We are also furnished with great variety of fruits, and of most of them sundry choice of species. Of herbs and plants, such diversity in colour, fashion, taste, smell, and nature, as Gerrard's best aid will hardly be able to describe them. And for variety of flowers ; (for those are not unsought for neither of our ladies and gently) lady Flora herself (though canonized by the Romans for a goddess,) wiU be to seek, to find out, or coin names severally to distinguish them. Some quantity of timber we have yet left of the great store we had in elder times : for as trade and trafiic began and increased, that commodity was lessened to build ships: and as the inhabitants multipUed, so fields were grubbed for enlarging of tillage, as far more necessary and needful: and as wealth augmented, the hke vastation was made thereof for building of towns, and in fine, fair and large houses, both in city and country. For fish, because you shall judge and beheve me in the rest, I will give your caterer a bill (such as was once given me by Mr. Mayor's officer) what our market yields, for our better remembrance : but our unskilfulness to marshall them in their due place hath caused me to follow the alphabet: — Chap. VI.J VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. 39 A. I>OYy. Haddock. o. Sharpe, Anchovies. Dabb. Housewife. Oysters. Sturgeon. B. Dogfish. K. p. Stockfish. Bass. E. Kites. Porpoise. Sole. Bream. Eels. L. Fingers, Smelt. Buckles. p. Ling. Plaice. Sprat. Bulheads. Flookes, Limpets. Pipers. Sparklings Buckhom. Flounders. Lumpe, (or Peel. Scallops, i^ Sea Owl.) Penecot. Shrimps. c. (x. Lobsters. Perch. Carp. Gurnard. Lampreys. PoUock. T, Conger. Graveling. Loaches. Pilchard. Turbot, Colfish. GuUthead. M. R. Trout. Cod. Gofion. Mackrell. Roach. Tench. Chubb. Gudgeon. MUwill. Ray. Tubdure. Cockles. H. Muscells. Rochet. Tunny. Crab. Herring. Mullet. s. Thornback Crevice. Hake. Millers. Scad. w. Cree. Haberdine. Minows. Salmon. Whiting. D. Hound. N. Shott. Whelks. Dace. Holibut. Newlandfish Seal. Wrinkles. It might be much more enlarged, but your sewer shall stand no longer at the dresser, lest the first dish be stale ere the last come to the table. Yet, notwithstanding, I will here confess that had you supped with Aulus Gellius, the Roman Emperor, you might say my biU came much too short; yea! by 1800: for, as Suetonius, in lib. 9. and Josephus, hb. 5. alledge, he was served at one meal with 2000; (if you please to beheve there are so many species of fish;) but he had indeed a large country to make his provision in, the whole then known world. Some part of this kingdom was called the garden of Ceres and granary of the western world, and many times supplied the Romans' wants: so from hence they might make some provision of fish to make out the full number. But for the other supper of 7000, divers kinds of fowl, I will not undertake to name them here, nor in Africa, and Asia, with all the assistance that Gesnerus can afibrd me. By this time you know how our country is provided of entertainment for 40 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. diet and travel, both for horse and foot. Of other commodities I shall more conveniently speak elsewhere hereafter. Now I do remember my promise, and will according thereunto give you a sight of the charter of King John for disafforesting Devonshire, except Dartmoor and Exmoor.* Memorandum, quod carta originahs Regis Anglie de Libertatibus Comi- tates Devonie remanet in custodia Abbatis et ConventAs Tavestock, sub h^c forma. Henricus Dei gratis Rex Anghe, Dominus Hibernie, Dux Normanie, Aquitanie, et Comes Andegavie, Archiepiscopis, Episcopis, Abbatibus, Prioribus, Comitibus, Baronibus, Justiciariis, Forestariis, Vicecomitibus, Prepositis, Ministris, et omnibus BalHvis et fidelibus suis, Salutem: Inspex- imus cartam quam Dominus Johannes Rex, Pater noster, fecit omnibus hominibus de tot^ Devoni^ in hec verba. Johannes, Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie, Dux Normanie et Aquitanie, Comes Andegavie, Archiepiscopis, Episcopis, Abbatibus, Comiti- bus, Baronibus, Justiciariis, Forestariis, Vicecomitibus, Prepositis, Ministris et omnibus Ballivis et fidehbus suis, Salutem. Sciatis nos deforestasse totam Devoniam de omnibus que ad Forestam et ad Forestarios pertinent, usque ad metas antiquorum regardorum de Dertemor^ et ExemorA, que regarda fuerunt tempore Regis Henrici primi: ita quod tota Devonia et homines in e^ manentes et heredes eorum sint deafforestati omnino, et quieti et soluti de nobis et heredibus nostris imperpetuum de omnibus que ad Forestam et ad Forestarios pertinent, Exceptis duabus moris prenomi- natis, scilicet, Dertemore et Exemore, per predictas metas. Volumus etiam et concedimus quod predicti homines de DevoniA et heredes eorum habeant consuetudines infra Regarda morarum illarum, sicut habere consueverant tempore predicti Regis Henrici, faciendo inde consuetudines quas inde facere tunc consueverant et debuerant ; et quod liceat eis qui voluerint extra predictas metas essartare, parcos facere, omnimodam venationem capere, canes, arcus et sagittas, et alia omnimoda arma habere, et sana- toria facere, nisi in Divisis predictarum morarum, ubi non poterunt salta- toria vel haias facere. Et si canes eorum excurrerint in Forestam nostram, * As the Author's copy is very incorrect, we have thought it more satisfactory to supply a Transcript from fol. 152 of the Register of Walter Stapeldon, Bishop of Exeter: the original was kept, A. D. 1320, at Tavistock Abbey. — G. 0., — P. J. Chap, VI.] view of Devonshire. 41 volumus quod ipsi inde deducantur, sicut et alii Barones et milites inde deducuntur qui sunt deafForestati, et quod marchiant alibi foreste nostre. Et volumus quod unus turnus Vicecomitis tantum fiat per annum in comi- tatu Devonie, et ille turnus fiat post festum Sancti Michaelis, ad inquiren- diun Placita Corone, et alia que ad Coronam pertinent sine occasionibus alicui faciendis, et quod plures tumos non faciat, nisi pro Placitis Corone, cum evenerint attachiandis cum coronatoribus et propter paeem assecu- randam. Ita quidem quod in itinere illo nichil capiat ad opus suum. De personibus vero qui capti fuerint in comitatu Devonie, de quibus vicecomes habeat potestatem eos replegiandi, et quorum plegiagium comitatus Devonie voluerit super se capere, volumus et concedimus quod per consilium eorum replegientur; ita quod per odium vel occasionem vicecomitis ulterius in prison^ non detineantur. Et si vicecomes injuste gravaverit predictos homines Devonie, et inde convictus fuerit, incidet in misericordiam nostram, et nos de eo misericordiam capiemus, et alium vicecomitem "eis substitu- emus, qui eos bene et legaliter tractabit. Teste, Domino Hereberto, Sarum Episcopo; Galfrido, filio Petri, Comite Essex; Baldwino, Comite Alber- marlici WUlelmo, Comite de Fferariis; Henrico, Comite Hereford; Willel- mo de Braos; Hugone de Nevill; Willelmo Briwerr; Simone de Pateshull. Datum per manum Domini Simonis Cicestriensis electi, apud Wynton, decimo octavo die Maii, anno Regni nostri quinto. [5 John, 1204.] Nos autem concessiones predictas ratas habentes et gratas, eas pro nobis et heredibus nostris concedimus et confirmamus, sicut carta predicti Domini Johannis Regis, Patris nostri', plenius et hberius testatur. Hiis Testibus, Venerabili Patre Waltero, Eboraci Archiepiscopo, Anglie Primate; Petro de Sabaudia; Magistro WilUelmo de Kilkenny, Archidiacono Conventrie ; Ber- tramo de Croll; Ricardo de Grei; Johannede Grea; Roberto deBusteggs; Gileberto de Segrave ; Roberto Walerand; Bartholomeo Peech; Roberto de Noreis; Willielmo de Cheemy; Johanne de Gerres, et aliis. Datum per manum nostram apud Wyndeleshoure, vicesimo quinto Aprilis, anno Regni nostri tricesimo sexto. [37 Henry HI., 1253.] Et Nos, Walterus, permissione Diving Exoniensis Episcopus, existentes London, et videntes dictam originalem Cartam in manibus cujusdam Thome Neuleg\Ti, clerici dicti Abbatis, cum ips^ originali per fratrem Robertum Champeaux, tunc Abbatem Tavistochie, London ut dicebatur missi, Trans- 42 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK I. criptum seu copiam ipsius ut suprascribitur nobis fieri fecimus, viii die mensis Octobris, anno Domini millesimo ccc™°' vicesimo, et Regni Regis Edwardi, filii Regis Edwardi, quarto decimo, et in hoc nostro Registro rescribi ad pleniorem memoriam futurorum. CHAPTER VII. The constitution, nature, and quality of the Inhabitants, This county, as it is populous, so are the natives of a good and healthy constitution of body; of proportion and stature generally tall, strong, and weU compact; active and apt for any forcible exercises ; (and if I may have leave to borrow a stranger's words in their encomium,) bold, martial, haughty of heart, prodigal of life, constant in affections, courteous to strangers, yet greedy of glory and honour. And Diodorus Siculus saith the Danmonii were accounted most civil and comteous people. And our pleasant witted poet, Michael, extoUeth them extraordinarily for valour and strength of body; and yet taketh not therein the liberty allowed to poets, to add to the subject whereof they write, but truly reporteth what is well known and seen by them perfomcied; who in activity surmount many other people, especially at foot-baU, hurling, and wresthng, wherein they are generally equal with the best in any county. And I may boldly say of my countrymen as Horace did of his, — " Luctamur Achivis doctior unctis." In wrestling we The skilful Greeks surpass in high degree. A full report of their skill in wrestling and nimbleness of body whereof the Danmonii have been and still are so famous you may find in the Survey of Chap. VII.] view of Devonshire. 43 Cornwall. But to make a question (as one hath done,) whether they have it from their first planter, Corineus, (that famous wrestler,) or from the nature of the chmate of the country, or (as I may best say,) from their diurnal practice, I think it will not be answered without some difficulty, unless you say from all. In knowledge of arts and variety of studies in all sciences and learning, very capable and ingenious; and hath yielded, and presently doth (whom in their convenient places I shall have fitter opportunity to remember,) as many worthy divines, civilians, physicians, and men excellent in all other professions and arts as are elsewhere in any so small a compass to be found. In matters of civil policy, causes of justice, judicature, and government of the common weal, wise, pregnant, and pohtic, discreet, and of sound judgment and integrity ; so that the chief seats of justice have been very often most worthily supphed : which this our age can very sufficiently tes- tify, as well as many former. For martial affairs, by land or sea, forward and valiant; and, as a great and noble commander of late times said of one, (intimating, as it seemed, the like in general,) in service, painful; in peril, resolute; in action, indus- trious; in execution, quick and ready; in council, provident; fierce, yet with judgment: as their fierceness was nothing abated by advisement, nor their advisement dazzled by their fierceness, but both so equally compounded and conjoined, that they have been bold to take quid non.'' for a motto, (as Sir Humphrey Gilbert.) Thus their valour and fortitude hath been misconstrued, and termed by some, audaciousness, and the actors, boisterous : but the action that procured them this harsh epithet I will offer to your censure, and will transcribe ver- batim in Speed's own words. — " There presented themselves" (saith he,) "unto him" (intending King Henry IV.) "a boisterous troop of plain western men, who brought unto his view three lords and twenty knights of note, their prisoners, and whom the country people near Dartmouth in Devon had gotten in plain fight. The king by them was given to understand that the Lord Castle, the Briton, (who had formerly burnt Plymouth,) thinking to do the Uke at Dartmouth, came on shore with his forces, where these and the like people fiercely en- countered them; at which their women, like Amazons, by hurling flints and 44 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. pebbles, and other such like artillery, did greatly advance their husbands' and kinsfolks' victory. The lord of Castle himself was slain, and many other together with him. These other were saved; as many more of them might have been, but the ignorance of language confounded ahke the cries of indignation and pity. They therefore, in reward of this hazard and service, do pray they may reap some commodity by their captives. It was but reason : wherefore the king, who took great pleasure to talk with these lusty Denshire-men, himself caused their purses to be stuffed with golden coin ; reserving the prisoners to pay himself with advantage out of their ransoms." Here it plainly appeareth that every hearer and author hath his private opinion, and every opinionist his peculiar judgment and censure; not always according to his true apprehension, but often agreeable to his melanchoUc ( I will not say envious, but asper) nature, by which he censureth other men and their actions, as here. But we neither hunt nor travel after men's opinions ; but when we shall see others perform the like actions, we do (and still will ) entitle them valiant, famous, illustrious, heroical. But not a word of this more, nor of them; only a verse of the poet Pindar, which he wrote to Lacedemonia, comes to my mind, in regard it may be fitly applied to this country: — " Their grave advice is found in aged brains ; Their gallant youths are lusty lads indeed, Which can both sing and dance in courtly trains. And daunt their foes with many a doughty deed." CHAPTER VHI. Of the sundry degrees of the Inhabitants, and the distinction of their vocations. In this province, as in all others of the kingdom, there are (as I conceive) but four degrees, or difference, in vocations. ( I meddle not with the supreme Chap, VIII.] view op Devonshire. 45 head and ecclesiastical dignities.) These may again be subdivided. But my purpose is not to speak of all such nice distinctions or precedences ; they are sufficiently treated of by men of far more sufficiency. The first of these I name nobility or gentility. (For nobility, generally taken in the largest extent, reacheth as well to gentlemen, as to them of higher degree and eminency which are entitled noble and honourable.) For, as one saith, " Nobilis est quasi noscibilis," a man worthy observa- tion, and deserving for his excellent merits to be distinguished from the common and vidgar sort; and that comprehends the honourable and wor- shipful, and of them all degrees, as with us, dukes, marquesses, earls, viscounts, barons, baronets, knights, esquires, and gentlemen; not only such as by descent from ancient and worthy parentage are so, but those also as by their own proper virtues, valiant actions, travels, learning, and other good deserts, have been, and daily are, by their Sovereign, advanced thereunto. But be it far from my intention to make comparison of equahty between them; for there are certain secret spirits, or seeds of virtue, inbred in nobility, and the issue of gentry, (apparent to every serious obsei-vation,) which yield rare and extraordinary fruit in glorious actions and heroical attempts; (exceeding vulgar strength;) yea! even in the blossom : rightly consorting with Plato's opinion, writing of the composition of man in his creation, who divides their nature into three species, according to the use or matter whereof they are formed. First in the generation of such as are formed for government, he hath mixed gold ; of whom there are no great multitude. (As the angel said to Esdras, " if thou askest the earth it will answer thee, that it yieldeth much matter to make pots, but little dust that produceth gold.) Secondly, to them that are destined to counsel and assist those governors and rulers, silver. But to the composition of plough-men, artisans, and rustics, me- chanical labourers, he hath put brass, lead, and iron. And it seemeth to my simple understanding, that Aristotle intendeth the self-same, when he speaks of natura dominus, et natura servus ; affirming expressly and positively some by nature are bom to rule and some to obey : but some take his words in another sense: yet so it is in the course of this world; base occupations and offices are meetest for folks of base minds and fortunes; and vahant and heroical spirits attempt actions of valour, honour, and virtue. G 46 VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I, All men well and worthily desen^ing the name of prince and country, are to be esteemed as precious jewels of dear and high esteem, and their pos- terity persevering in their virtuous qualities, (the true stamp of nobility,) more excellent and of richer value than the most costly diamond set in gold; quia duplex in eo fulget dignitas propria et suoiiim. Of such Homer speaketh, — " For he is, questionless, a right born son That of his father hath not only won The person, but the wisdom; and that sire Complete, happy, that hath a son so entire." With him also joineth Pindar, when he speaketh of such as " Do match their noble ancestors In prowess of their own ; And by the fruit commend the stock Whence they themselves are grown." And the other, (if never so lately by virtue advanced,) jewels also of esteem, though set in brass, thi, or lead. It was the right and plain opinion of Lycurgus, the Lacedemonian law- maker, that so much as a man was virtuous, so much was he honourable: speaking to his fellow-citizens, who much vaunted and gloried of their de- scent from Hercules. But this discourse, whereunto I am casually fallen, befits an higher style and leameder pen : I will only conclude with one of the quadrans of Pibrack, — " If thou be born son of a prudent sire Why tread'st thou not in his fair beaten trace : If otherwise, why dost thou not desire, By virtuous deeds, to cover his disgrace ?" A double chgnity belongeth to this county, (for I speak of no other, nor to no other, than those within the precincts thereof,) where princes of state have borne the titles both of Devonshire and Exeter. Of which city there have been both earls, marquesses, and dukes entitled; of whom we shall have occasion, at fitter opportunity, to speak more at large hereafter. But of knightly rank this shire is fruitful ; by whose houses, as we pass. Chap. VIII.] view of Devonshire. 47 we will tell you of their worth and antiquity, and other occurrences as good occasion shall be offered : for albeit their houses bear not now their posses- sors' names, (as is recorded of some gentlemen of ancient race in other shires, though of most of them, it may be more rightly said, they have taken names from their seats ;) yet can they prescribe with many of those for an- tiquity, and not subscribe unto them in any point of worth. Some it also yields who are not propt and upheld by ancestry, (whose great grace might chalk their successors the way,) nor allied to strong and eminent assistance, and yet do give good and full assurance of their proper virtue and merit; who may pass for good in a strict muster, and current for weight and touch in payment upon bond. Let it not be as much as once thought that I comprise under these words any (if any there be, as there may be some,) that bv unworthy and unlawful means have amassed up abundance of riches, and being wealthy (and thereby ingrafFed themselves in some generous stock, take on them the attribute of esquires, (before they are gentlemen,) and perchance by mere intrusion: a mere synonime or sympathy in name with some ancient tribe, have stolen armoi'ies, (for these shifts, as I have heard, are sometimes made;) for such commonly are of base and unworthy condition and ignoble spirits. But for other gentry (I will speak boldly and confidently,) they are civil, affable, and kuid : courteous to strangers ; in their hospitahty, bountiful, and in their entertainment, loving and pleasant. Their ancient exercises have been archery, hurling, wrestling, foot-ball, dancing, and such hke forcible exercises of strength and activity; recrea- tmg and hardenmg, and enabhng their bodies and minds for more noble (though more uneasy and dangerous) martial employment; for which they are apt and in readiness with the foremost at all times. But these ex- ercises have been of late (by a strong and potent zeal, and a severe execution of laws,) forced out of the country, neglected and out of use; and hunting, hawking, and bowling crept in, and somewhat in request with the better sort; and with the inferior, actions of far worse quaUty. These generous persons are distinguished from the vulgar by certain privileges, immunities, and tokens, (as anciently the Grecian and Roman knights, by crowns of divers sorts, ruigs, chains, gilt spurs, and such like,) by rewarding virtue, honouring desert, animating and encouraging others with armories, crests, 48 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I and cognizance of special and particular note. For, as a worthy learned lawyer saith, (meet to be noted and observed,) as names were first invented and given to distinguish one man from another, so was the bearing of arms to make a separation and difference between the noble, and the plebeian and ignoble. But this theme being of so high a strain requires to be handled seriously, by a most solid and sufficient abihty, and loftier phrase; and you should not have heard a word of me concerning it, yet it stood accidently so di- rectly in my way that I could not shun it; and being spoken but in this county, and to none but the natives thereof, I know it will not be misliked nor spread farther. CHAPTER IX. The second degree is of Yeomanry and Husbandmen. The next to these I place the yeomanry, (the gemen, or yemen; the g changed into ye; a commoner of the realm;) wliich consisteth of freehold- ers, farmers, men employed in agricultm-e, tilhng and manuring of land : in former time, franckhngs; for they are free, by law, nature, and disposi- tion, and well qualified in condition; yet not perchance of like ability of wealth with him whom noble Sir Geofiery Chaucer describeth under the title and style of a Frankhn, in these words, — "A Franklin there was in his company, White was his beard as the daisy, An householder, and that a great, was he. Sir Julian he was in his country. His table dormant in his hall alway Stood ready cover'd all the long day. Chap. IX.] view of Devonshire. 49 At Sessions was he lord and sire; Full oft times was he knight of the shire: A sheriff had he been, and a countor Was no where such a worthy vavasor." We will not meddle with his like; we are past such: I intend those that are intended by our laws — boni et legales homines; for the better sort of them are (together with our gentry) returned to pass upon trials of matters of fact, in causes civil and criminal; and are upon their oath to dehver the truth (as near as God shall give them grace) of the matter given them in charge, which allowed and sentenced by the judge, all matters are ended and controversies decided. Many matters of quaUty, in former times were tried in courts baron and the sheriiF's turn, where men of this rank were the triers and called barones comitatus — the barons of the county: now freeholders, — quia liberas in eis terras habent: and that not only in matters formerly named, but in probate of wills and testaments, questions of tithes, et debita verse religionis jura. Many of these with us are gentlemen, (descending from yomiger bro- thers,) or gentlemen's equals by estate, and are saluted with suitable terms of master : and live here indeed more frankly (according to that name,) and liberally (for the most part) than elsewhere; some having land in fee- simple of their own, others have leases from landlords for term of years or three lives, or by copy of court-roll; not at a rack-rent, or highest improvement, (as in some other countries,) but paying a fine at their income or taking, and do hold tenements worth some 100£. or 80£. or 50£. or 40£. per annum, for the rent of 10£. 8£. 5£. or 4£. per annum, or perchance less. Tlieir fine once paid and they out of debt, they live freely, contentedly, and richly. His endeavours for the most part are employed in husbandry, manuring liis land and feeding. He speaketh to his servants as a prince to his sub- jects, in the plm'al number, we will do this, or, let us do that; we will set forward such a business; as intending to participate with them (in some easy sort) in their labours, at least in direction thereof; and so is well as- sured to have it done to his liking. 50 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. So much O thou example dost effect, Being far a better master than commaud; That how to do, by doing dost direct, And teachest others actions by thy hand. His own eye fattens his flock, which yieldeth him both food and raiment, and setteth forth and deviseth sundry sorts of manure, making choice of that which best agreeth with the nature of the soil he dwelleth in. These are the hver-veins of the common wealth, yielding both good juice and nourishment to all other parts thereof. The meaner husbandman is of much inferior degree, employing himself wholly in labour and holding the plough: and of these men it is that the wise man putteth the question, and in conclusion answereth himself: — "How can he get wisdom that holdeth the plough, and he that glorieth only in managing of the goad to drive oxen, and is always busied in their labours, and talketh only of the breed of bullocks? he giveth his mind to turn fur- rows, and is diligent to give the kine fodder; yet these do maintain the state of the world, and their whole desire is knowledge in their work and occupation. Of some of either of these ranks (or of no degree else, as I suppose,) *it may be that Theocritus spake in these verses, — " The things I wish are neither wealth, Nor sceptre, robe, nor crown; Nor yet of swiftness, nor of strength, To bear away renown. " But singing with a merry heart, In simple shed to look Aloof upon the troub'lous seas That are so hard to brook." Chap. X.] view of Devonshire. 51 CHAPTER X. Of the Merchant, which is the third degree. Next stands forth the merchant, for the good of his country. These inhabit the towns : (yet many of them, of the richer sort, do purchase hv- ings in the country, in this county, by reason of the vicinity of the British and Severn seas:) they abound more than in the inland countries; and their trade much greater than in former ages, as in more diversity of regions, as generally in every place where gain is to be gotten; transporting cloth, tin, lead; (or wherewith we abound;) returning for it what is most needful for the common weal; (or profitable for themselves;) and are generally careful, frugal, and industrious; attaining thereby great wealth, worthy of their endeavours. Divers of them are esquires and gentlemen's vounger sons, who, by means of therr travel and transmigration, are very well qualified, apt, and fit to manage great and high offices in the republic ; some attaining to good places of preferment. In the days of King Canutus, or Knout, this was estabhshed as law or orduiance in their behalf, that if a merchant so thrived that he passed thrice over the wide sea of his own craft he was thenceforth a Thane; which was a title of dignity, (for the better understanding of which word, the living light of antiquity, Mr. Selden, must be your inter- preter.) But here I shall be strongly opposed by some Hippolitus a valli- bus, saying, a gentleman ceaseth to be generous and noble as soon as he beguineth trade in merchandising; yet perchance with some caution, i. e. unless it be otherwise provided by the statutes of some particular states, pro- vince, or city, as Venice, London, Florence, Genoa, Barcelona, or such like : and will also (it may be) alledge this speech of Cicero, "mercatura, si sit tenuis, est sordida putanda. Si magna et copiosa, multa, undique apportantia, multasque sine vanitate impaitiens, non est admodum vituperanda." — Poor merchandising is base and contemptible : but plentiful and rich abundantly, 52 VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. bringing home from all places necessary commodities, liberally imparting the same : it is not utterly to be despised. Both these, in their behalf, may be answered. The last by the reply of Dionides the pirate, who, being taken by Alexander the Great, and demanded why he robbed on the sea, answered, " I, because I keep the seas with one ship, am called a thief and a pirate; but thou, which robbest day and night both by sea and land, art called a king and a conqueror." So this distinction is confuted — " Quia majus et minus non variant speciem." And for the first the exception of one city clears all, as I suppose. So I cannot but number the honest merchant (exposing both goods and life to the hazard of infinite dangers, both by land and sea,) among the be- nefactors of the commonwealth, and worthy of praise and preferment; for true it is what the poet saith, — " Neque fervitlis Pars inclusa caloribus Mundi, nee Boreae finitimum lalus, Diiratseque sole nives Mercatorem abigant ; horrida callidi Vincunt aequora navitae." Nor southern heat, nor northern snow That freezing to the ground doth grow, The subject region can fence To keep the greedy merchant thence : The subtle ship-man way will find Storm never so the sea and wind. CHAPTER XI. Of the last degree, which is Day -Labourers in Tin-works, and Hirelings in Husbandry. \ "<./^'\'"V^'~V*^ The common day-labourer, or hireling, as meanest, is last remembered. I speak of them that work by week or day in husbandry labour, or there- Chap. XI.] view of Devonshire. 53 unto belonging, or in tin- works. Of the last are two sorts; one named a spador or searcher for tin, than whom (as it seems to me) no labourer whatsoever undergoes greater hazard of peril or danger, nor in hard or coarse fare and diet doth equal him: bread, the brownest; cheese, the hard- est; drink, the thinnest; yea, commonly the dew of heaven; which he taketh either from his shovel, or spade, or in the hollow of his hand ; as Diogenes, the cynic, was taught by a boy. He spends all day (or the major part thereof) like a mole or earth-worm undergound, mining in deep vaults or pits, as though he intended (with noble Sir Francis Drake) to find a way to the antipodes ; yea, a nearer, and so to surpass him : for it is sometime of that profundity, that notwithstanding the country (so they term the earth over their heads,) is propped, posted, crossed, traversed, and supported with divers great beams of timber to keep them in security, yet all is sometimes too little ; they perish with the fall thereof notwithstanding. Miserable men ! may some men say in regard of their labour and poverty ; yet having a kind of content therein, for that they aim at no better, they think not so; for having sufficient to supply nature's demand, they are satisfied; sleep soundly without careful thoughts, which most rich men want not, which are either greedy of more, or press nature with superfluities of provoking sauces, hot wines, waters and spices : for, as Horace speaketh, ■ Multa petentibus Desunt multa ; bene est cui Deus obtulit Parca quod satis est manu." Who much do crave, of much have need ; But well is he whom God indeed, Though with a sparing hand, doth feed. But if you will not give credit to him, hearken what the kingly prophet, David, saith, — " Doubtless the poor man's just estate Is better, a great deal more, Than all the lewd and worldly man's Rich pomp and heated store." The other is also a day-labourer, but at husbandry or at work belonging H 54 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK !• thereunto. He labours without danger and much more easily, dieteth more liberally and after a better sort. Both are generally of a strong constitution of body to vmdertake any painful action, by their rustic, un-nice, and la- borious education. Their holy-days' exercises were also toilsome and violent, as wrestling, hurling, foot-ball, leaping, running, dancing with music, especially in their festivals, to exhilarate their hearts and such like ; which made them fit for the wars or any other employment whatsoever, wherein hardiness, or strength, or agility was required. But these exercises are, by zeal, dis- commended and discountenanced, and so utterly out of use ; yet no better, nor any so good, used in their stead ; which may in time breed some in- conveniencies : but no more of this lest it bring me some also. These people though the most inferior, are yet, notwithstanding, liberi homines — free-men of state and condition: no slaves. Of these the wise man saith, " they are not asked nor sought for in pubhc council, nor yet high in the congregation, nor are placed m the judge's seat, nor imderstand they the order of justice. They cannot declare matters according to the form of law; nor are they meet for hard parables: yet without these cannot a city be inhabited nor occupied." But I will now tack about and alter my course fi*om the country people to the country soil , and speak somewhat of the pleasures and commodities thereof. CHAPTER Xn. Of the Commodities this Country yields, and of Agriculture and Husbandry. '*^^.^^.'^'-^• ^ The chiefest things which yield a grace and glory to this kingdom and have the chiefest commendation, are in this one only verse comprised, — "Anglia, mons, pons, fons, ecclesia, fcemina, lana." Which may thus be poorly Englished, — Chap. XII.] view op Devonshire. 55 Of stately churches England hath great store : Of pleasant hills and fountains, many more : Bridges, large and fair; and dames, for beauty rare; And finest wool it hath without compare. Or thus, more briefly, — England hath store of bridges, hills, and wool ; Of churches, wells, and women beautiful. Of each of these much might be spoken; but the chiefest commodities of this province I wiU comprise within these four heads especially, husbandly, clothing, mining, and navigation. But these may require to be subdivided, and every one severally to be spoken of : and therefore first of husbandry. This consisteth in the culture, manurance, and tillage, with the improve- ment of grounds ; which is the mistress or lady of aU mechanical arts : than which there is none more necessary, none more laudable, nor better agree- ing with nature, neither more decently or worthily beseeming a free, gentle, or generous spirit. This soil, as is formerly said, being hilly and mountainous, cannot be by nature fruitftd, (the meadows and marsh feedings only excepted,) but requir- eth and expecteth some help by the labours and manurance of the husband- man ; who spareth no cost, refuseth no pains, leaveth nothing untried whereby he may, in any sort, enrich his land and make it more bearable, profitable, and fruitful : and therefore, according to the nature of the soil where he inhabiteth, accommodateth liis manui'ance, which is very diverse and of sundry sorts. Those that are near neighbours to the sea, on either side, gather a certain weed growing on the rocks, which they name oare, spreading it on the earth, whereby it yields a rich crop. This kind of manurance, I should have thought, newly invented, had I not been otherwise informed by Mr. Chapman, out of the old poet Homer, where I find this of its antiquity, — "And as two lateral sited winds, The west wind and the nore, Meet at the Thracian sea's black breast, Join in a sudden blore, 56 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. Tumble together the dark waves And pour upon the shore A mighty deal of froth and oare, With which men manure ground," &c. Others, at low water, gather the sea-sand that by some storm or violent tide is thrown and forced into the creeks, and therewith quicken their land; than which there is no better manurance for grass, and good also for corn. In very coarse and barren heathy and furze ground, remoted from the sea, they cut the superficies, upper face, or spine of the soil with mattocks into turf, which, after it hath lain some while and is withered and dried by the heat of the sun, they cast together into small hillocks, Uke little hay- cocks, and with some combustible matter (as furze, ferns, straw, or such like,) fire it; which, burnt to ashes, they spread them for manurance, which for one harvest yields profit : and this they name peat-burning. Another very ancient improvement is also yet used among them : whereof Pliny wrote in his time thus, — "they dig marie out of deep pits like unto tin-works, and the land therewith covered will be bettered some 80 years following." We use the same, but it will hardly hold out the fourth part of that long time. This is of divers sorts both in colour and substance; but not to be particularly remembered here. Late practices we have begun within the memory of old men, as chimney ashes, soap ashes, (dear and much in request,) salt also; and now newly and most in use, lime, which is employed many several ways. All these, with fallowing, folding, compost, and such like, do yield (though with no small charge,) good increase at harvest, and better the succeedmg pasture. They are also very ingenious and careful for conveying and converting of watercourses, whereby they reap good benefit for increase of pasture in dry land, which is commonly effected with less charge than any of the for- mer, for this once perfected needs little farther cost nor much labour. They have of late years much enlarged their orchards, and are very curi- ous in planting and grafting all kinds of fruits, for all seasons, of which they make good use and profit, both for furnishing their own table as fur- nishing of the neighbour markets. But most especially for making of cider, a drink both pleasant and healthy ; much desired of seamen for long southern voyages, as more fit to Chap. XII. J view of Devonshire. 57 make beverage than beer, and much cheaper and easier to be had than wine. All these, with many other kinds of manurances, as dressing of corn for seed by steeping it in certain liquors, mixtures, and powders, (at first like new fruit much longed for and sought after, but that desire was soon satis- fied ;) setting corn also, and other hke, far too tedious to be spoken of. Yet all these are the more beneficial in that the land is enclosed and severed with strong fences, hedges, and dykes ; which bringeth with it these farther several commodities, as sheltering cattle and sheep in violent storms and extremity of wind, snow, and such like weather; and their beasts also, by their sundry changes in divers pastures, feed still as in a new spring, need- ing neither cowherd nor shepherd ; and at the plashing and stooping down of their hedges it yields to the owner sufficient fuel for their fire all year long. By these diversities of improvements they have much beautified and en- riched their soil, so that the inhabitants will not easily be persuaded to yield (the authority of reverend Mr. Camden notwithstanding,) the precedency of good husbandly in the three special points, viz, of skill to invent and de- vise, abihty to undergo the charge, and willingness to undertake the painful labour and toil thereof, not to Gormancester, (in Huntingdonshire,) so highly by him commended and praised : for here you may behold a certain kind (as it were) of emulation; what seems to be defective in the one is suppUed by the industry of the other. But this much of this matter will seem to some overmuch, for it cannot but be thought a wide digression , if not a wandering clean out of the way, when the intent is to give you a View of the country. I read you a lecture of husbandry, supposed to be taken out of Mr. Tusser, or his Hke ; but be content, there is no such matter; I only acquaint you with the industry of the husbandmen of this country, and how to their great charge and greater commendation they have brought the soil so profitable that it is some years able to maintain the multitude of the inhabitants. And for the love I bear them I wish I could teach them a point or two either in the theory or practice of husbandry; for it could not but be pleasing to every (and not offensive to any) degree; for of all vocations there is none more honest, more commendable, nor better befitting a gen- 58 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK I. tleman : all of which degree, of what state soever, (not called to great and serious employments in the republic,) I could wish them not to think it a disparagement to their generosity, while the most renowned of the noble ancient Romans, as Serranus, Curius, Cincinnatus, Torquatus, Cato, are so highly extolled by historians, for that they estabhshed the quiet and tranqui- lity of their country with hands worn, hardened, and grown rough with holding the plough and husbandry labour. And King Cyrus (that I speak not of the patriarch Noah, whom the holy scripture names a husbandman, and other,) did often gloriously relate his skill, labour, and industry in agriculture. They that exercised it in elder times were privileged with many immuni- ties or freedoms, overlong to be repeated aU. Some few that serve as that he might lay any exception peremptory, after sentence given, wherein he was equally privileged with the soldier and knight: again, that his cattle and plough, with other things belonging to his necessary uses, as cloths and household stuff, could not be taken in execution for a distress or pledge. And I have been also taught, that there is a rule in o\ir common laws that where a gentleman is sued by the name of husbandman, he may only say (though he exercise husbandry,) that he is a gentleman and demand judg- ment of the writ, without saying that he is no husbandman. For though a gentleman profess husbandry, he ought to be sued by his more worthy addition. Neither do our laws on this point differ from the laws and practice of other nations. Yea, the farthest Indians, most rude and uncivil, refrained to use force against ploughmen and tillers of the land, even in time of wars ; reputing them sacred, and the most chief and necessary ministers of the common wealth. But hereof enough, if not overmuch : but it serveth to so good purpose, that sooner I could not conveniently end my tale. Chap. XIII.] view of Devonshire. 59 CHAPTER XIII. Of the second commodity, of Clothing and Drapery. Lanipicium, the skiU and knowledge of making cloth, is another most beneficial manufacture practised in this country; under which genus are contained the species of spinning, knitting, weaving, tucking, pressing, dying, carding, combing, and such hke. This art, or hand-work, is lauda- ble for antiquity, and needful for necessity in supplying our wants, with apparel to keep warm our weak bodies in extremity of weather, and cover decently our nakedness lest we should offend God, and be like beastly savages, or savage beasts. And this province, for quantity, quality, and variety (in these three kinds, I am confident to say,) may compare with, if not exceed, most countries. Let it be supposed (as some have written,) that we wrought at first but fryzes and plain coarse cloth, until the time of Edward IV., when (as a curious searcher of antiquities and inventor of things saith) one Anthony Bonvise, an Italian, taught us the knowledge of making kersies and our women to spin with the distaff: no marvel at all, for such cloth was fine enough in that age, when kings wore a pair of hose but of three shillings price; as the old poet, Robert of Glocester, telleth us in these ancient words, of King WilUam Rufus, — * "As his chamberlain him brought, as he ros a day, A morrow for to wear, a pair hose of say, He asked what he costned ; three shilling said the other. Fie a debles, quoth the king, who say so vile deed ? King to wear any cloth, but it costned more : Buy a pair of a mark, other thoushalt be acorye [corrected] sore. A worse pair of ynou the other swith him brought. And said they were for a mark, and unnethe so he bought. Yea bel amy, quoth the king, they were well bought ; In this manner serve me, other thou ne shall me serve not." * The original passage may be seen in his Chronicle, 0.\ford 1724, vol. 2, page 390. G. O.,— P. J. 60 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. But to our kersies, which are well known in most countries ; into which sort of cloth we converted at first, only the wool grown in our own country, which indeed is more than any stranger traveUing only through the country can weU perceive or think; for her sheep are not to be seen in great flocks as in champaign countries, but are palliated under the coverture of the high-grown hedges of enclosures, (Dartmoor, Exmoor, and some other hills of common pasture excepted,) yet are there good plenty, and for the most part good. But they now work Cornish and Dorset wools, and are also supplied out of divers other parts of the land ; as weekly from London, (though distant from us, by the new measure, 150 miles,) Glocester, Worcester, Warwick, Wales, and Ireland : all which is here wrought into some sort of cloth or stuffs ; wherein most towTis have appropriated to themselves a several or peculiar kind, which I may not forbear to particularize, (though as briefly as may be,) the better to express their industrious hands and minds, apti- tude to learn, and diligent labour herein, as in other matters, whereby the kingdom is generally enriched, and the multitude of the poor people thereof not only kept from idleness and wandering abroad, but well maintained and relieved, as those also of other inland countries that after a poor voyage are here set on shore, sometimes in great number, and penury, and weakness. The north and south parts of this county (as was formerly said,) border- ing on the seas, is by nature aptly fitted with convenient ports, to transport and vent these commodities into foreign countries, whereby it hath engrossed great trade, yea, well near the drapery of the western parts, and thereby grown so populous that albeit in former times it was able to spare, very conveniently, com, fat beeves and muttons, and such like victuahng commodi- ties, for supplying the wants of other countries when they needed, it is now hardly able to feed itself in any large sort, communibus annis, the fruitful- ness, dexterity, and promptitude of the inhabitants (as is formerly said,) notwithstanding. The diversity of cloths and stuffs newly devised in this province gives me fit occasion to remember a prediction of Seneca, when he said, "multa veni- entis sevi populus ignota nobis sciet," — future ages will invent many things to us unknown. The late made stuff of serges, or perpetuanos, is now in great use and Chap. XIII.] view of Devonshire. 61 request with us, wherewith the market at Exeter is abundantly furnished of all sorts and prices; fine, coarse, broad, narrow; the number wll hardly be credited. Tiverton hath also such store in kersies as (the neighbourhood of other markets considered,) will not be believed. Crediton yields many of the finest sort of kersies ; for which, and for fine spinning, it hath had the pre-eminence. Totnes, and some other places near it, hath had, besides these, a sort of coarse cloth which they call narrow-pin- whites; not else- where made. Barnstable and Torrington furnish us with bays, single and double; frizados, and such like: and Pilton, adjoining, vents cottons for hning; so coarse a stufi^ as there was a vce or woe pronounced against them in these words, — "Woe unto you Piltonians, that make cloth without wool." At Tavistock there is also a good market for cloth. And for other commodities of the like nature, without any great difie- rence, at Axminster you may be furnished with fine flax thread there spun. At Honiton and Bradnidge with bone lace, much in request. Ottery St. Mary, with divers other places, hath mixed coloured kersies. CuUumton, kersey stockings ; and Comb-Martin serves the whole county, and other places, with shoemakers' thread. This might be enlarged with other petty commodities belonging to other towns, besides the generality of knitting worsted and yarning stockings, spinning of worsted thread for women's working in every town. And here were a meet place to conclude this discourse, but that the mat- ter requires that we consider how many participate herein, and how many it concerns and are daily working herein. First the gentleman farmer, or husbandman, sends his wool to the market, which is bought either by the comber or spinster, and they, the next week, bring it thither again in yarn, which the weaver buys; and the market following brings that thither again in cloth; where it is sold either to the clothier, (who sends it to London,) or to the merchant who (after it hath passed the fuUer's mill, and sometimes the dyer's vat,) transports it. The large quantities whereof cannot be well guessed at, but best known to the custom-book, whereunto it yields no small commodity. And this is continued all the year throughout. This cloth-working I have named a commodity of this country, and so is it generally taken to be, and I suppose you conceive it so; and so indeed it is a great one to the kingdom. But I may tell you secretly in council, not 62 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. SO much for this country, (some few excepted,) to whom it is more burden- some than profitable ; for having engrossed so great a trade, it hath made the towns and country so populous, that notwithstanding all their best en- deavours in husbandry, yet yields hardly sufficient of bread, beer, and victual to feed itself, (notwithstanding the plenty of fish,) but is commonly behold- en to Wales and Ireland ; and in anno 1610 there was as much com brought into one harbour (that I speak not of the rest,) as was sold to the countr\^ for 60,000£. I speak not with the most. And in every rumour of war or contagious sickness (hindering the sale of these commodities,) makes a multitude of the poorer sort chargeable to their neighbours, who are bound to maintain them. The meanest sort of people also will now rather place their children to some of these mechanical trades than to husbandry, (es- teemed more painful,) whereby husbandry-labourers are more scarce, and hirelings more dear, than in former times, so that the generality may say of this trade as Virgil of his verses, whereof Bathillus had both praise and profit : — " Hos ego versiculos feci, tulit alter honores. Sic vos non vobis nidificatis aves ; Sic vos non vobis vellera fertis eves ; Sic vos non vobis mellificatis apes ; Sic vos non vobis fertis aratra boves." This verse I made, another had, The profit that I lack ; So sheep a fleece do bear, and leese, To clothe another's back. So bees, to feed another's need. From flowers do honey gather ; So oxen toil and plough the soil, And yet for others labour. So birds nests build, their labour yield No profit for their pains : We spin and card, and weave full hard. While others have the gains. But not a word of this in any case, especially that I told you so; and we win proceed to the next and speak of mines. Chap. XIV.] view of Devonshire. 63 CHAPTER XIV. Of Mines and Quarries of Stone; and of the several sorts of either of them. The mines of this country have heen also very profitable, which I the rather remember, for that they are not found generally in eveiy country, and will therefore require a more particular description; most especially in regard of the species of them, as gold, (in small quantity and httle grains,) silver, copper, tin, lead, iron, and the loadstone, with other minerals: all which have been (and some also are now) very commodious to our Sove- reign, and the owners and workers of them. For the two first sorts I shall have somewhat to do, perchance, to procure behef; for that Cicero, in his 4th book ad Atticum (when the first news was brought to Rome that Caesar had attempted the conquest of this country,) said, jesting at him, " Cognitum est iUud, quod nee argenti scrupulum imum in Brittannia, neque spem uUam praedae nisi in mancipiis;" — "It is most certainly known that the island of Britain yields not so much as a scruple of silver, or any other hope of gain but by captives and slaves :" and Csesar himself thought the like of copper, saying, " the Britons had the use of copper, but it was brought them from transmarine countries." Yet for the antiquity of mines here I can tell you, out of Polybius, (that ancient Greek writer who accompanied Scipio in his wars some 209 years before the Incarnation of our Saviour, the 3720th from the creation, as some have made computation,) that the island of Britain is plenteously stored with metals; and Strabo, together with Diodorus Siculus, do plainly deHver that mines of silver and tin were wrought in these western parts of the kingdom long before the Romans arrived here : and that mineral knowledge was first taught in this country by -^thicus, that admirable Scythian, or Thessalian, philosopher: and I dare confidently aver that if Cicero had, with Pythagoras, made transmigration into another body, and hved in this country and age. 64 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. he would recant his words and yield us a better verdict and report both for our minerals and civility; and without peradventure meet with divers I could name that would fully match him in his own proper weapons — eloquence. Some also of our neoterick writers have erred in the same opinion, sup- posing our climate not warm enough to produce gold or silver; relying more on natural reason than God's special blessing. But to come nearer this age by degrees, and speak of the working of these mines. After the Romans had left this kingdom poor and weak, the Saxons, their immediate successors, wrought them; yet in times of wars and troubles, it might be but in small manner. But after the Norman conquest, in the time of Edward I., or his father, Henry III., they were diligently applied: for albeit the stanneries and politic government of the same were before their time, (as may appear by the charters of those kings,) yet not after so direct and legal foi-m as in their days, and now at this present : for then, Edmund Earl of Cornwall (son to Richard, King of the Romans, the uncle to the said King Edward,) did, by the favour and approvement of the Sovereign, perfect those laws for their better government ; appointing courts a mense in mensem, to be kept in several places where the coinage was, and ordinary custom paid; which, thus established, hath ever since continued, to the great benefit of the then Earldom, now Duchy of Cornwall, and maintenance of many good families in the country, and profit of many other places; London especially, where it is wrought into divers sorts of vessels and transported into foreign countries. But he that desires to know somewhat of the diversity of loads, and the manner of finding, digging, washing, melting, refining, let him read the same in the labours of Richard Carew, of Antony, Esq. : and of the go- vernment of the stanneries I shall have fitter occasion to speak more largely elsewhere. And now to speak of our silver mines, much more in request. It is very apparent, by divers records and manuscripts, not to be contradicted, that the said Edward I. made much use and profit of them in this province; and after him his grandson. King Edward III., and the supplanter of his succes- sor, Henry IV.; but most chiefly his son. King Henry V., for the better maintenance of his wars in France, especially at Combe-Martin, where there Chap. XIV.] view of Devonshire. 65 were of late (and I am assured yet are,) divers monuments remaining of them: — one, the king's mine; the king's store house, blowing house, and refining house. And in our time, in the latter age of Queen Elizabeth, there was a new rich load found there, in the lands of Richard Roberts, gent., wherein I now claim an interest, and wrought by Adrian Gilbert, esq., and after by Sir Beavois Bulmer, knt., by whose absolute and excellent skiU in mineral knowledge a great quantity of silver was raised and refined there. Those mines have been lately renewed, but by such as relied upon silver hopes, but wanted either skill, or abiUty, or both, to proceed in a business of that weight and quality; and therefore, as the poet saith, — " Sed inutile fecit Ille male usurus donis;"- But he made them unprofitable: To use them well being unable ; and therefore had answerable success. Mines of tin are many wheres, and in several places, but chiefly in and about Dartmoor and the purlieus thereof. Lead mines, intermixed with silver, in Comb-Martin. Iron mines were sometimes wrought near North- Molton and Molland; but in our time by Brent, Ashburton, and Hole: Copper at Newton-Ferrers. And at Brent a mine, rather quarry if you please, of load-stones: in Latin, magnes, a precious gem, and of admirable use; the quality whereof is generally known, but in most especial use with the navigators, directing the needle of their compass (being but sHghtly touched therewith) to the north pole : a jewel far excelling all other pre- cious stones, were they not so plentifully to be sold and bought. Great difi'erence there is of opinions among writers concerning the invention or first knowledge of the virtues and use of these stones. Some thmk it to be as ancient as Solomon's time, and that by the help thereof his fleet per- formed the Ophirian voyages: to which others reply, that then he might have performed that course in far shorter time than three years : whereby it is supposed that the virtue hereof hath been unknown until these latter ages, and then discovered by one named, as they say, Flavio, of Malfi, not 66 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. far from Naples; (1013;) before which time the exact and perfect skill of navigation was unknown. But whether by him, or brought us from China by Marcus Paulus Venetus, it is yet uncertain; and not much material, said one, when such a matter was in question, for he said, — "As for my part I care not a jot Whether I know him or know him not." Yet I am of another mind, wishing the man (to whom God hath given so rare a judgment and knowledge to seek out those hidden secrets of nature, in any age, of what quahty soever, so much for the benefit of mankind,) per- petual remembrance with deserved honour; for so hath divine Du Bartas thought fit to give him in those eloquent and excellent verses of his con- cerning him and his invention, — " W are to Ceres not so much bound for bread, Neither to Bacchus for his clusters red, As Signior Flavio, to thy witty trial. For first inventing of the seaman's dial : "The use of the needle turning in the same Divine device ; O! admirable frame; Whereby through the ocean in the darkest night Our highest carracks are conducted right." These stones were said (upon what reason or assurance I know not,) to be male and female, difiering both in virtue and colour. Those so found here were not much in request; for that those brought from the Persian gulph near Ormus are said much to excel them in their virtuous qualities. Now I have ended with mines, yet not with minerals; for I may not si- lently pass the quarries of stone for building, which are to be found almost every where; but so various in sand, colour, quahty, quantity, and substance, that it is impossible to distinguish them by several names or description: I wUl therefore speak of three, not long since found, for their rarity. Two of them, if not perfect porphyry, yet equaUing it in beauty ; one of a dun- nish, murrie colour, diapered with blue and green, with running veins also of white; the other of marble dye intermixed with white of divers forms and fashions, very delightful to the spectator's eye. These polished by the Chap. XV.] view of Devonshire. 67 hand of a skilful artificer make excellent fair buildings ; for arising three or four feet in length and in largeness accordingly, whereof are made columns, pillars, pilasters, and such like work. The discovery of these was lately in Berry- Pomeroy, (as I am informed,) where is the seat of a noble gentleman. Sir Edward Seimar, knt. and bart. The third is natural touch- stone; some arising nine foot in length and one in thickness, or, if you please, more thick. This quarry is on the river Dart, on the west side of it. Here I will omit, what might be the seed of a great crop of discourse and argument, probably of either side, whether stones do grow; but for that in this treatise I shall pass over many things more necessary to be spoken of for their worth, am not purposed to handle needless, especially over and above my strength. CHAPTER XV. Of Mariners, Shipping, and Fishing. Seafaring men and means, I intend mariners and shipping, is another and no slender (I assure you,) commodity to the kingdom in general, and this county in particular, in time either of war or peace, for merchandising or fishing ; with whom, from hence, upon all occasions, our sovereign's navy (the sinews of our strength,) is partly manned and furnished; for our havens are well replenished with shipping fit for war or peace ; and them employed in merchants' affairs or in fishing voyages, upon our own coasts, and else- where in many fair remote countries, as Canada, Virginia, Newfoundland, and other regions, whence much fish is l)rought home : or, in times of peace, into the Straits, Spain, or Portugal, with profitable return; and in Ire- land, and Clovelly and Linmouth upon our own northern coasts for her- ring, the king of fishes; and upon our southern coasts, generally throughout 68 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. all, for pilchards, presei-ved and sundry ways prepared is a very vendible and profitable commodity. The variety of sundry other dainty fish taken on our coasts are elsewhere spoken of. Concerning their adventuring for whales upon the coasts of Iceland, and somewhere for the sea horse, how it is now in practice I can say little, but in former times good use hath been made thereof. A far larger discourse and much more might be spoken in commendation hereof, but I affect brevity, and therefore, in a word, this will I say (and confidently) of our mariners, that the whole wide world brings forth no better, whether you will impress them for valour to adventure, or knowledge to perform any action; painfulness to undergo, or patience to endure, any extremity, adversity, or want whatsoever: all which in one I may boldly aver, and yet not be taxed for over- valuing of them or their worth; and I hope I stand clear and free from the imputation cast upon their predeces- sors by JEgesippus, who said, long since, "the western Saxons are a most valorous kind of men, apt and ready for all venturous actions, especially piracies, wherein they excel all men." The like aspersion is laid on them by Isodorus, — "a people, (saith he) most stout, valiant, and hardy; and far outstripping others in piracies." These authors, though I cannot deny them to be of good estimation and worthy credit, yet not in all things ; for they might speak this perchance upon a rumour or uncertain information, or upon the allegation of some envious adversaries; for I am assured they cannot be charged therewith now, and therefore in this point you may be careful what you beheve; but in other matters do your pleasure. All these commodities, fruitfulness, and plea- sures, formerly spoken and rehearsed, are of great and high esteem; of them therefore I will in a word conclude with Chserea in Terence, — " Jupiter Serva, obsecro, haec nobis bona:" O God preserve, augment, and bless Those goods which we do now possess : and join with those in words, though I hope with a far better and christian faith, that Menander bringeth in making this prayer, — Chap. XVI.] view of Devonshire. 69 " Deos omnes coelestes precamur Nobis ut salutem dent, Integram valetudinem, bona multa ; Et eorum quae jam parta sunt Lsotum et commodum usum." We pray the gods that safety they And perfect health would grant to us, "With all those many gifts that may Men happy make ; not only thus, But thus besides we farther crave A joyous use of what we have. CHAPTER XVI. The several Governments of this County distinguished: and first of the Ecclesiastical. This county is governed by positive laws in some points, and several commissions from the royal sovereignty in others : they may be reduced under five several heads, and each of them distinguished and clearly sepa- rated from other; the first, ecclesiastical; second, martial; third, civil and politic; fourth, of the admiralty; fifth, of the stannaries. Yet here I cannot but confess that I have been informed (and have seen some reason to persuade me to beUeve it,) that this county, together with Cornwall, Somerset, and Dorset, was sometime governed by a president, as Wales, and some parts in the north; but sm-ely the continuance was not long ; for I think the inhabitants had rather be at the cost to fetch judg- , ments and decrees from the pure spring head at Westminster, than to have them given at home: so the lawyers have a longer journey to travel, vet the profession holds good and in request, though they go far to work. K 70 VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. Of the ecclesiastical government under the lord bishop of Exon, and where he was first seated. The chiefest of the five is the ecclesiastical or spiritual government; the overseer whereof hath the title of lord bishop of Exon only ; albeit, that his see and authority extends to the three counties of Devon, Cornwall, and Exeter, and the islands of Scilly and Lundy. At the helm now stands the elegant and learned writer and peace-maker, the judicious and orthodox Dr. Joseph Hall: a haU indeed, richly furnished and fairly beautified with the most rich ornaments of zeal and learning, integrity and christian humility : in these only words I will briefly confine what might fill a volume in his deserved encomium; for his adversaries (if he hath any, and who is he but hath some?) cannot deny this I have said. These have been distinct dioceses, and have had two several bishops ; for I find registered that in anno 905, Formosus, then pope, wrote to Edward, son of Alphred, or Alured, then king, admonishing him to set a governor over the church of the West-Saxons, which had been long destitvite thereof; and that thereupon, by the advice of Plegmund, then archbishop of Canterbury, and other his council, Herstanus was consecrated bishop of Cornwall, and had his seat at St. Germans, for that the church and palace of St. Petrock's, in Bodmin, was ruinated by the Danes; and Worstanus, aUas Westanus, was installed bishop of Devonshire, and had his seat at Tawton near Barnstaple; which is yet well remembered by his lordship's residence there, and hath his name for addition, and is named to this day Bishop's-Tawton. To him suc- ceeded Putta; who being slain as he came from thence to Crediton to wait on the king, Eadulphus, brother to Alpsius, then duke of Devon, (so I find,) was there consecrated and installed; and thence denominated bishop of Crediton. But having waited on his lordship from St. Petrock's in Bodmin to St. Germans, and from thence to Tawton, and having seated him there in so sweet and rich a soil, and so pleasant and fair a palace, as at Crediton, I will humbly take my leave of him until some fit opportunity bring me thither again, to tender my best service unto him, to wait on him to the city of Exeter, where he must be settled in his only seat : for it is needless and m unnecessary to particularize the several degrees of ecclesiastical dignities and offices, being in every diocese alike. Chap. XVII.] view op Devonshire. 71 CHAPTER XVII. Of the Martial Government, with the Chief and other Commanders. The second and next government is of martial aft'airs, wherein the an- cient virtue of this county and the natives thereof have anciently and de- servedly gained this reputation; (as the light of reverend antiquity saith;) that they, with the Cornish and Wiltshire men, were entrusted with the subsidiary cohort, or hand of supply, in the greatest extremity. "An honour (saith the illustrator of Cornwall,) equal to the Roman Triarii, as the surest trust and sheet anchor of the battle." The command and chiefest direction of these affairs is committed to the right honourable Francis Earl of Bedford, by commission lord lieutenant of this county and the city and county of Exeter; who hath ample power and authority, at all time and times, to levy and call together all men, of what estate or degree soever they be, meet and apt for the wars, and them to arm, or cause to be armed and weaponed for the wars, and mustered; and so arrayed, trained, and mustered, to conduct and lead as well against the foreign enemies as rebels and traitors against their sovereign, his crown and dignity; and with such enemies and traitors to fight, resist, invade, re- press, and subdue, and put to execution of death, by all means and ways, and execute martial law at his discretion : to whom all justices, mayors, sheriflfs, and all other inferior officers are, with all their strength and power, to be attendant. And for that the said lord lieutenant cannot execute the same at all times as is required, he hath power, for his better aid and assistance, and for the better performing and execution of the serv^ice, to authorize, appoint, constitute, and assign certain worthy gentlemen of the county his deputies; which at this present are these * * * * [not recorded in the M.S.] These, for the easier, speedier, and better managing and directing of the martial affairs, have divided this county into three divisions or severed parts. 72 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [Book I. naming them the south, east, and north divisions; in every of which there are two regiments of trained soldiers, (the south hath the addition of a demi-regiment,) under selected and choice gentry of the country, who are their colonels and captains. Those of the south division are these, (June, 1 633,) — Sir Edw. Seimar, knt. bart., col. John Seymer. Edmund Tremain. John Bastard. Christopher Blackhall. John Connock. The 2nd regiment. 'John Bampfield, col. George Gary. Humph. Pruz. John Northcot. Hugh Clifford. Simon Worth. The other regiment being but of companies. Henry Champemon, col. John Crocker. Arthur Ashford. John Pollexfen. These are all mustered in the south division, besides the companies within the two towns of Plymouth and Dartmouth. In the eastern division. The 1st regiment. Francis Courtenay, col. Henry Ashford. Henry Walrond. Peter Carew. Sir Walter Leach. John Francis. The 2nd regiment. Sir John Drake, knt., col. Sir John Pole, bart. Thomas Drake. Wilham Drake. Robert Duke. Wilham Frye. The north division two regiments. The 1st commanded by Sir Lewis Pollard, bart., col. Edmund Parker. Edward Pine. Robert DUlon. John Giffard. John Berry. The 2nd regiment commanded by John Acland, esq., col. John Arscot. Leonard Yeo. Arthur Arscot. Francis Weekes. Jonathan Prideaux. Chap. XVIII.] VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. 73 All these are well armed with pike and musket. There are also three cornets of horse, under the command of Colonel Sir Ferdinando Gorge. CHAPTER XVIII. Of the Civil or Politic Government : being the third. /-^.".^ «^/ '•N. ■N^N.C \/\ ^s/ >^ This is done chiefly by the judges of the assizes, who, twice every year, pass this circuit, called the western circuit, hearing and determining all causes within the power of their commission. In self-same nature, but in some lower degree, is the custos rotulorum, and the justices of the peace, who keep their quarter sessions to inquire and punish aU offences against the peace of our sovereign lord the king, and tranqviillity of his people. The justices now in commission, and resident in this county, to conclude this matter briefly, we will call over by the commission : and so vous avez : — Edward Earl of Bath. Francis Earl of Bedford. Edw. Viscount Chichester, Joseph (HaU) Bishop of Exon. Alexander St. John. Edw. Seimar, knt. & bart. Fran. Vincent, knt. & bart. Peter Prideaux, bart. George Chudleigh, bart. ,,Francis Drake, bart. y' Lewis Pollard, bart. John Pole, bart. Rich. Grenvile, knt. & bart. y /" Ferdinando Gorges. Robert Kelligrew. Wilham Strode. Thomas Prideaux. Thomas Drew. George Southcot. Edward Giles. Richard Edgcumbe. John Speccot. Francis Fulford. Shilston Calmady. Samuel RoUe. Francis Glanvill, Knights. 74 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [Rook I. ^Knights. Ralph Sidenham. Edmund Fowel. Rich. Reynel of Ogwell. John Chichester of Hall. James Bagg. Henry Rosewell. Simon Leach. Nicholas Martin. Wm. Peterson, D.D., Deanof Exon. Thomas Chfford, D. D. Ed. Cotton, Archdeacon of Totnes John Bamfield. John Ackland. Arthur Champemon Ehas Hele. Wilham Cary. Richard Waltham. John Northcot. William Bastard. And so there have appeared sixty- think,) boldly and justly with Job, — >Esqu rres. John Woode. Henry Walrond. Richard Re}Tiel. James Welsh. Thomas Risdon. John Davie. Walter Young. Henry Ashford. -^ Nicholas Frye. Nicholas Lutterel. ) Esquires. Richard Cabell. Bartholomew Berry, Humfry Berry. Edmund Arscot. Thomas Ford. Alexander Maynard. Sampson Hele. John Upton. Humphry Pruz. J four: all which may say (I hope and " If ever I delay'd the poor's desire, Or let the widow's longing hope to tire, If ever I against the impotent Poor, fatherless, or friendless innocent, ( For fear or favour of a friend or foe, For gain or grudge that I did ever owe,) Have lift mine hand, or him in right withstood. Or when I might, I have not done him good; If I on gold have fix'd my hope or heart. Or to the wedge have said, my trust thou art, If I have joy'd for being grown so rich. Or for my hands have gotten me so much, Then let my arm off from my shoulder fall And from the bone be groun'd in powder small." Now let us proceed briefly to the fourth. Chap. XIX. XX.] view of Devonshire. 75 CHAPTER XIX. Of the Admiralty and Government for Maritime and Sea Causes. The lord admiral's authority by commission in sea causes, for preserva- tion, maintenance, and supply of the navy, and for all causes questioned concerning controversies, piracies, and matters of that nature, are executed by power and authority of the civil law: which being the self- same in all sea-bordering counties, may be well passed with this small remembrance, and the rather for that the next will require a far larger discourse. CHAPTER XX. The Stannary Laws and Government which concern Tinners and Tin Causes. This last is severed from all the rest, and only peculiar to this county and Cornwall, appropriated to tinners, tin-works, and tin causes only, and appertaineth to the honour of the duchy of Cornwall, and is hereditary primo- genito Domini Regis, whereof he is born duke, by virtue of an especial act of Parhament, and the very day of his birth he is holden of fuU and perfect age, but is created Prince of Wales. His deputy, or chief officer, in Latin is named senescaUus; in English, warden of the stannaries, of stannum ; in EngUsh, tin : or high seneschal, or steward of the duchy : whose autho- rity is very large, being both chief justice and chancellor; giving sentence both for law and equity: from whom there is no appeal but to the duke himself, and from him to the sovereign. 76 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK I. When sundry causes of deep consequence do concur together among them, the lord warden doth summon a Parhament, whereunto are elected and sent out of each of the four courts and precincts of the stannary twenty- four burgesses or jurats ; who enact statutes and ordinances, and constitute laws and orders concerning such occasions as are in question. For the keep- ing of which high court of Parhament there is a very ancient and fair palace, appointed only for this meeting, erected long time before any tin-works were wrought, and is continually repaired and maintained at the founder's charge, seated in an open fresh air, with a very large prospect on every side. If you will have the place and site rightly described and named, it is a high rock which we call Tor, and thence is our word Tower, in the forest of Dartmoor, named Crockern Tor, subjected to the furious assaults and vi- olence of all winds and weathers, blasts and storms, and tempests ; affronting and bearing up against all ; neither yielding to, nor shrinking from, any; as not fearing their fury, nor helhsh malice of undermining gunpowder moles ; near unto which there is neither house, refuge, nor shelter by divers miles ; the borough of Tavistock being nearest, and yet ten miles distant. All which laws and statutes thus there made, enacted, and pubUshed, and by the lord warden, ratified and confirmed, are in full force for all causes inter tinner et tinner, life and hmb excepted. One of these Parhaments was there holden the 24th September, anno 2 King Henry VIII., [1510] which, for that I think is not vulgarly known, and that some (if but for the name of Parliament,) will be desirous to know the manner thereof, I will show you how it is enrolled. — " Devon. Magna curia Domini Regis Ducatus sui Cornubiae, tenta apud Crockern- Torr in Comitatu Devonise, coram Thom^ Dennis, Armigero, locum tenente Henrici Merny, Mihtis, Custodis Stannarise Domini Regis in Comitatu Devonige, 24mo. die Mensis Septembris, anno Regni Regis Henrici octavi secundo." Where appeared for the four stannary divisions or courts, viz, Chagford, Ashburton, Tavistock, and Plimpton, for each of them twenty-four burges- ses, or jurats; who being elected according to former ancient customs and sworn, have full power, as the whole united body of tinners of Devon, to consent and assent. They do therefore enact, confirm, and ordain, and Chap. XX.] view of Devonshire. 77 by these presents establish that, as well all statutes now made, and all those statutes there heretofore made and ordained, other than such statutes as now in this court and in other courts heretofore there holden, are made frustrate, repealed, and of none effect, do from henceforth wholly remain in full force and strength. "At the humble petition of the Tinners of the county of Devon, be it enacted, ordained, and established in manner and form following." &c. These tinners are distinguished from foreigners (for so they term those that are no tinners,) by many sundry immunities and freedoms : as not to be mustered before the lord lieutenant or his deputies ; they are not to be impleaded for any tin cause but in their own courts and before the warden and his deputy, and by them to be commanded, trained, and mustered. And of them are four companies, or trained bands, according to their four courts, under the command of * * * * A longer discourse hereof cannot but seem tedious, and perchance hinder our proceedings in matters of another nature. If any therefore be desirous to know farther of their privileges, and of the antiquity of them, I will transcrilje for them the charter itself of 33 Edward I. to the Tinners of Cornwall, which hath been successively confirmed by all his successors.* — Rex Archiepiscopis, etc., salutem. Sciatis nos ad emendationem stan- nariarum nostrarum in comitatu Cornubie et ad tranquillitatem et utilitatem stannatorum nostrorum earundem, concessisse pro nobis et heredibus nostris. Quod omnes stannatores predicti operantes in stannariis illis que sunt dominica nostra dum operantur in eisdeni stannariis sint liberi et quieti de placitis nativorum et de omnibus placitis et querelis curiam nostram et he- redum nostrorum quoquo modo tangentibus, ita quod non respondcant coram aliquibus justiciariis vel ministris nostris sen heredum nostrorum de ahquo placito seu querela infra predictas stannarias emergente nisi coram custode nostro stannariarum nostrarum predictarum qui pro tempore fuerit, exceptis placitis terre, et vite, et membrorum ; nee recedant ab operationibus suis per summonicionem alicujus ministrorum nostrorum seu heredum nostrorum nisi per summonicionem dicti custodis nostri ; * As the charter is incorrectly reported by the Author, we prefer printing it from that in the valuable collection of Records and Documents relating to the Stannaries in the case of Vice against Thomas, lately published by Edward Smirke, Esq., m.a. Barrister at Law. L G. ,— P. J. 78 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. Et quod quieti sint de omnibus talliagiis, theoloniis, stallagiis, auxiliis, et aliis custumis quibuscunque in villis, portubus, feriis, et mercatis infra comi- tatum predictum de bonis suis propriis. Concessimus etiam eisdem stannatoribus quod fodere possint stannum et turbas ad stannum fundendum ubique in terris moris et vastis, nostris et aliorum quorumcunque in comitatu predicto, et aquas et cursus aquarum ad operationes Stannariarum predictarum divertere ubi et quociens opus fuerit, et emere buscam ad funturam stanni, sicut antiquitus fieri consuevit, sine impedimento nostri vel heredum nostrorum, episcoporum, abbatum, pri- orum, comitum, baronum seu aliorum quorumcunque. Et quod custos noster predictus vel ejus locum tenens teneat omnia pla- cita inter stannatores predictos emergentia, et etiam inter ipsos et alios forinsecos de omnibus transgressionibus querelis et contractibus factis in locis in quibus operantur infra Stannarias predictas similiter emergentia; et quod idem custos habeat plenam potestatem ad stannarios predictos et alios forinsecos in hujusmodi placitis justiciandos et partibus justiciam faciendam prout justum et hactenus in Stannariis illis fuerit usitatum. Et si qui stannariorum predictorum in aliquo deliquerint per quod incar- cerari debeant, per custodem predictum arrestentur et in prisona nostra de Lostwythiel et non alibi custodiantur et detineantur quousque secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri deliberentur. Et si aliqui stannatorum predictorum super aliquo facto infra comitatum predictum, non tangente Stannarias predictas, se posuerint in inquisicionem patrie, una medietas juratorum inquisicionis hujusmodi sit de stannatoribus predictis, et alia medietas de forinsecis; et de facto totaliter tangente Stan- narias predictas fiant inquisitiones sicut hactenus fieri consueverunt. Et si quis eorundem stannatorum fugitivus fuerit vel utlagatus vel ahquod delictum fecerit pro quo catalla sua amittere debeat, catalla ilia per custodem predictum et coronatorem nostrum comitatus predicti apprecientur et per ipsos proximis villatis liberentur ad respondendum inde nobis et heredibus nostris coram justiciariis itinerantibus in comitatu predicto. Volumus insuper et firmiter precipimus quod totum stannum tam album quam nigrum, ubicunque inventum et operatum fuerit in comitatu predicto, ponderetm- apud Lostwythiel, Bodmynyan, Liskiriet, Treueru vel Helleston, per pondera nostra ad hoc ordinata et signata, sub forisfactura tocius stanni Chap. XXI.] view of devoxshire. 79 predicti ; et quod totum illud stannum coignietur in eisdem villis singulis annis coram custode predicto ante diem Sancti Michaelis in Septembre sub forisfactura predicta. Et concessimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris quod omnes stannatoi-es nostri predicti totum stannum suum sic ponderatum licite vendere possint cuicunque voluerint in villis predictis faciendo inde nobis et heredibus nos- tris coignagium et alias consuetudines debitas et usitatas, nisi nos vel heredes nostri stannum illud emere voluerimus. Quare volumus et firmiter precipimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris quod stannatores nostri predicti habeant omnes libertates, liberas consuetudines, et quietancias suprascriptas, et quod eis sine occasione vel impedimento nostri vel heredum nostrorum, justiciariorum, escaetorum, vicecomitum, aut aliorum ballivoram seu ministrorum nostrorum quorumcunque rationabiliter gaudeant et utantur in forma predicta. Hiis testibus, etc. Dat. per manum nostram apud Westm. 10 April, a. d. 1305.* CHAPTER XXI. The description of the Forest of Dartmoor where Tin is Mined. Now we have spoken sufficiently concerning tinners, their laws, privileges, and government; let us speak somewhat of the places whence tin is mined. The chiefest place where tin is found is in the forest of Dartmoor and the purlieus thereof, and places near adjoining thereunto. This forest swelleth * The Stannaries and earldom of Cornwall were, at this time, in the crown in conse- quence of the death of Earl Edmund in 1300 without any other heir than his cousin, the king. They had belonged to Earl Richard or his son Edmund, from 10th August, 1231, and perhaps from an earlier period. The above charter was repeatedly confirmed by the crown in succeeding reigns down to that of Elizabeth. Rot. Pat. 2 Eliz. part. I. The charter of confirmation, 5 Ed. 4, contains an additional grant of turbary and pasture on Dartmoor. / 80 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. up with many mountains, hills, and tors of large vastness, especially the moorland, which is veiy spacious. It is called moor, not only because it is mountainous, but withall less fruitful and full of bogs, (which kind of soil we call, in our common speech, moors,) and in the winter season hard and comfortless, bare and cold: keeping his white winter livery lying upon it long time, if not washed away with rain. Yet hath bountiful and prudent nature, for such defects, suppUed it with another necessary commodity, and made amends for the want of com and fruitful herbage in the moor, fur- nishing it with metals. — And as each one is prais'd for her peculiar things. So only she is rich in mountains, meers, and springs, And holds herself as great in her superfluous waste, As others in their towns and fruitful tillage grac'd. And chiefly for her mines. We have foraierly said that Devonshire was difforested by King John, Exmoor and Dartmoor excepted. The first intent thereof was (as I find,) begun by Henry I., third son to the Conqueror, and seconded by King John, but perfected by Henry III., yet without hmitation or bounding the said mooiy wastes, until authority was granted by the last mentioned King- to Richard Earl of Cornwall, his brother, to take survey thereof, and to limit and bound it; who, accompanied with twelve esquires and gentlemen of the country adjoining, did perambulate the said forest, and as they passed, did name certain rocks, rivers, rUls, tors, &c. as bonds and meets thereof, as appeareth by the following documents : — / Commission to the Sheriff of Devon to cause a Perambulation TO BE MADE OF THE FOREST OF DaRTMORE.* Inter Recorda Curiae Cancellarise in Turri London asservata, sciUcet Rot. Claus; de anno Regni Regis Henrici tertii vicesimo quarto, [1240] m. ii. sic continetur. * For the satisfaction of the Reader, we supply a copy from the Tower of the original Commission for the Perambulation of the Forest of Dartmore, bearing date 13th June, 1240, and which was unknown to Mr, Westcote. The Return to this Writ is not to be found; but as Mr. Westcote's copy of the Perambulation in that year is very imperfect, Chap. XXI.] view of Devonshire. 81 De Perambulacione Facienda. Rex Vicecomiti Devonie saliitem: Sciatis quod dilectus frater noster Ricardus, Comes Pictavie et Cornubie, pro parte sua, et Henricus de Mereton, Hamelinus de Eudon, Robertus de Halyim, et Willielmus Ic Pruz, pro parte militum et liberorum tenencium ha- bencium terras et feoda juxta Forestam ejusdem Comitatus de Dertemore, posuerunt se coram nobis in Perambulationem inter terras eorum et pre- dictam Forestam ejusdem Comitatus faciendam ; et ideo tibi precipimus quod si alii de Comitatu tuo habentes terras juxta Forestam predictam cognoverint coram te et coram custodibus Placitorum Corone nostre, quod predicti quatuor milites de consensu aliorum omnium posuerint se in Per- ambulationem illam pro omnibus aliis, tunc assumptis tecum duodecim legalibus militibus de Comitatu tuo in propria persona tua accedas ad Forestam et terras predictas, et per eorum sacramenta fieri faciatis Per- ambulationem inter predictam Forestam et terras predictas. Ita quod Perambulatio iUa fiat per certas metas et divisas; et scire nobis facias ubi- cunque fuerimus distincte et aperte sub sigillo tuo et per quatuor milites ex illis qui Perantibiilationi illi interfuerrnt, per quas metas et divisas Per- ambulatio facta fuerit, et habeas ibi nomina militum et hoc Breve. Teste Rege, apud Westmonasterium, decimo tertio die Junii. [1240.] Perambulatio Foreste de Dertimore, Inter Recorda in Thesaurario Curiae receptee Scaccarii asservata, videlicet in libro indorsato "Feoda in Capita," p. 100 continetur ut sequitur. Hec est Perambulatio facta per commune consilium Ricardi, Comitis Cornubie et Pictavie in Comitatu Devonie, per preceptum Domini Regis Henrici, filii Johannis, anno coronacionis dicti Henrici vicesimo quarto, in vigilia Sancti Jacobi ApostoU, per sacramentum mUitum subscriptorum, we have endeavoured to oflfer one far more correct, by collating it with the copy in the Harleian Collection, No. 5827, Ibl. 58, b.; — with a manuscript copy of Serjeant Maynard's, at Lincoln's luu ; — and also witli a copy in a book in the Treasury of the Court of Receipts, at the Chapter House, Westminster, indorsed "Feoda in Capite," p. 100. To these we add a copy of the Perambulation made in 1608, which is now acted upon in the Office of the Duchy of Cornwall —G. 0.,— P, J. 82 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. scilicet, Willielmi de la Bruere, Guidonis de Brittevill, Willielmi de Wid- worthi, Hugonis de Bolley, Ricardi Gifford, Odonis de Feverbyn. Henrici filii Henrici, Willielmi Trenchard, Philippi Perer, Nicholai de Heaunton, Willielmi de Morelegh, et Dm-ant Filii Botour, qui incipiunt Perambulatio- nem ad Hoga de Cossdonne, et inde linealiter* usque ad parvam Hoga que vocatur parva Houndtoire, et inde usque ad Theurleston, et inde linealiter usque ad Wotesbrokesfote que cadit in Tenge, et inde linealiter usque ad Hengston, et inde linealiter usque ad Yesceton, et inde linealiter usque ad mediam Turbariam de Alberesheved et sic in longum Walebroke, et inde linealiter usque ad Fumum Regis, et inde linealiter usque ad Walebroke- sheved, et sic in longum Walebroke usque cadit in Derta, et sic per Dertam usque per aliam Dertam ascendendo usque ad Okebrokfote, et sic ascendendo Okebrok usque ad la Di-ylake, et ita ascendendo usque ad la Drydellford, et inde linealiter usque ad Cattishill, et inde linealiter usque ad Caput de Westere Walebroke et sic per Westere Walebroke usque cadit in Avona, et inde linealiter usque ad Ester Wightburgh, et inde linealiter ubi Redelake cadit in Erme, et inde ascendendo usque ad Grymesgrove, et inde linealiter usque ad Elesburgh, et inde linealiter usque ad Crucem Syward, et inde usque ad Estfothere et sic ad aliam Estfothere, et inde per mediam Mistmore usque ad Mueburgh, et inde usque ad Lidlingesfote, et inde usque ad Ra- kernebrokesfote et sic ad caput ejusdem aque et inde usque ad Westsoll, et inde linealiter usque ad Ernestorre, et inde linealiter usque ad vadum prox- imum in orientali parte Capelle Sancti Michaelis de Halgestok, et inde linealiter usque ad predictam Hoga de Cossdonne in orientali parte. Perambulation of Dartmoor. 6 James L, 1608. On the sixteenth day of August, in the sixth year of King James the First, a Court of Survey was held at Okehampton, before Sir William * It will be observed that where the word "linealiter" is used in the Perambulation, the boundary is represented by a straight line, although a different construction may possibly be put upon the word. Nor should it be overlooked that, according to the Forest Laws, the object which forms the boundary (if it be a road, river, &c., and not a house or mill,) is wholly included within the franchise of the Forest. See 4. Coke's Institute, p. 318.— G. O.,— P. J. Chap. XXL] view ok Devonshire. 83 Strode, knight; Richard Connock, esquire; Roljert Moore, esquire; and Robert Paddon, gentleman; Auditors of the duchy of Cornwall, and Com- missioners appointed for that purpose : when the Jury, Edward Skirnett, Walter Hole, Roger Cole, Henry Surges, Richard Edmond, Gregory Grey, John Bickford, Hugh Elford, John Massey, Roger Drake, Walter LilUcrap, John Chubb, Stephen Taverner, Andrew Heywood, Roger Wicket, Robert Hannaford, John Wills, John Hele, Walter Tuckerman, William Mudge, William Ilbert, Thomas Sturges, and Elias Harris, inter alia, found the bounds of the Forest of Dartmoor to be as undenieath, viz.: — Beginning at a high hill lying in the north quarter of the Forest, called at this day Cosdon, alias Cosson, and in the old records Hoga de CostdowTi; and from thence lineally eastward, by estimation one mile or more, unto Little Houndetorr, which in the said record is called Hoga de pan'a Houndetorr; and from thence Uneally to a place named in the same record Thurleston, now, as we suppose, called Water Donter, being about three-quarters of a mile from Houndetorr aforesaid, and ft-om thence near a mile to Wates Brook head, (foot, as corrected in the margin,) which falleth into Teigne, and which lake they now think to be the same which is now called Hood Lake, at which place they account the north quarter ends. And from thence near one mile to Hengeston, aUas, Heighstone, in the east quarter, lying near Fernworthy Hedges; and from thence lineally near one mile to Yelston, alias, Gesstone, now commonly called Hethstone; and from thence lineally through a fenny place now called Turshill, but named in the records per mediam Turbariam de Alberesheved, to a place called King's Oven, and in the said records named Furnum Regis ; and from thence to Wallbrook head, and so along by Wallbrook until it fall into the East Dart, and so down- wards by the said East Dart to another Dart called West Dart; and from thence ascending by the said West Dart to Wobrook foot, where the east (j[uarter endeth. And from thence lineally ascending to Drye Lake, alias. Dry work; and from thence ascending by Dry Lake to Creyselford, or Dry- delford; and from thence to Knattleborough, which thcv take to be the same which, in the old records, is called Gnattishill ; and from thence as- cending lineally to Wester Wellbrook head, and so by the same Wester Wellbrook until it falleth into Owen, or Avon ; and from thence lineally to East Whitaborough ; and from thence lineally to Red Lake foot, where it / 84 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I, falleth into Erme; and from thence lineally ascending unto Erme head, which they take to be the place in the same record named Grimes Grove; and from thence to Plym head, where the south quarter endeth. And from thence lineally to Ellisborough ; and from thence hneally to Sewards Cross; and from thence lineally to Little Hisworthy; and so from thence to ano- ther Hisworthy; and so from thence through the midst of Mistermoor to a rock called Mister Pan; and from thence lineally to Due Lake head, which they think to be the next bound, and which is called in the said records Mewborough ; and from thence lineally northwards to a place called Luntesborough, which they think to be the same that is called in the re- cords Lullingsett; and from thence lineally to the Wester Red Lake, between which two bounds the west quarter endeth. And from thence northward to Rattlebrook foot, and so from thence to the head of the same Rattlebrook; and from thence lineally unto Steynchatorr; and from thence lineally unto Langford, alias, Sandiford; and so from thence lineally to the Ford which lieth in the east side of Saint Michael's Chapel of Holstock ; and so from thence lineally to the said hill called Cossdon, alias, Cosston, where they began. CHAPTER XXIL Of certain Tenants of the Forest called Fenfield-men. There are some special tenants inhabiting within the limits of the forest, or near it, which by the tenui-e are more free than others, in the nature of free-tenants, or freeholders, doing suit and paying the king's silver, and are named fenfield-men, or venfield-men ; whence the name should be derived Chap. XXII.] view of Devonshire. 85 either of a fenny country, as Mr. Camden speaks of some so called in the Isle of Ely taking name according to the soil they inhabit, more rude, uncivil, and envious than others; applying themselves only to fishing, fowling, and grazing, I cannot aver: but these have special and larger preroga- tives than others, for they are not to be attached by any officer, but for default and negligence. They pay yearly four-pence. He may keep as many beasts freely on the forest as he can w^inter on his own land. He shall also take upon the forest all that may do him good, except green-oak and venison, now a needless exception. If he summer more on the forest than he can winter on his own tenement, he shall pay as a stranger. The king hath the royalty of the whole: wherein if any die by misfor- tune, or be slain in the moor or waste, the coroner of Lidford shall crown him: for the forest is not in any tithing, and the whole tithes* belong to Lidford. The tenants claim to fish in aU the rivers of the moor, and to dig turf anywhere therein. I will conclude all with the record of an intruder found guilty. Thomas Oliver, abbot of Buckland, did, upon the 4th day of October, 18th King Edward IV., 1478, intrude and make claim upon the lord the prince's land in Dartmoor, within the bounds and marks of the said forest, and thereof by a jury at Lidford was found culpable and faulty for his such false claim and intrusion; and that all the lands within the precincts, marks, and bonds of Dartmoor are of the ancient demesnes of the said prince, and is called the Fenfield and Common of Devonshire; and that all waives, strays, escheats, and presentments of assaults and bloodshed, plaints, writs of right, according to the custom of the manor of Lidford, and assizes of land, are appropriate to the court of Lidford, As doth ap- pear by ancient record remaining in the castle of Lidford. * King Henry III. on the 12th July, 1237, granted to the Incumbent of St. Petrock's Church at Lidford, towards his better support, " Decimam Herbagii de Dertemore." — See Prynne's Records, vol. iii. page 94. On the 20th August, 1260, Walter Bronescombe, Bishop of Exeter, in consideration of the great distance of Balbeneye and Pushyll, two villages on Dartmoor, in the parish of Lidford, licensed their inhabitants to resort to the parish church of Widdecombe in the moor, paying their dues and the tithe of lambs to the parson of Widdecombe ; but as a mark of subjection, each landholder of the said villages was to assist at the church at Lid- ford once in the year, viz, on the Feast of St. Petrock, and to pay all other tithes and ob- ventions, great and small, to this their mother church. — Bronescombe's Register, fol. 16. b. M G. O ,-P. J. 86 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [Book I. I may doubt to be arrested if I stay you any longer here with a tin-war- rant for imprisoning you so long here at Lidford. Some will say it will bear an action; and doubtless it would, if I should lead you to see the bounds of the fenfield-men in such a fenny, rugged circuit ; I had therefore plotted it out. A Diagram of Dartmoor Forest. And here were a fit place to conclude with Dartmoor and all stannaiy busi- ness ; but a matter worth note is come to my remembrance, that the large charter and privileges, notwithstanding attempts have been made sundry times to weaken and infringe the same; as in the time of Queen Elizabeth, when the deputy lieutenants would have mustered, trained, and impressed tinners and tenants of the duchy, contrary to their charters and customs; whereof her highness being advertised, did, by her letters, command the contrary : the tenor whereof is thus : — Chap. XXII.] view of Devonshire. 87 / " Elisabeth. / "Trusty and well-beloved, we greet you well. Whereas among other royalties and jurisdictions granted heretofore by our noble progenitors to the Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall, that the tinners and duchy tenants of Cornwall and Devon were committed to his government, and because the success of their labour in seeking for tin was very uncertain, divers privileges, liberties, and immunities (for their better encouragement) were granted unto them ; amongst which, the chiefest were that they should not be mustered, taxed, charged, or rated with any imposition, charge, or ser- vice, but only by their warden or chief steward of the duchy for the time being, or by his authority, by the direction of us, or our privy council; neither be convented, sued, or compelled to answer for any cause (pleas for life, land, or mayme excepted,) before any judge, officer, or magistrate, save of their said warden, sheriff, or steward of the said duchy of Cornwall, or his officers. And for want of justice to be done by the said officer, by way of appeal to the said warden or chief steward ; and from him, if they had wrong, to our privy council ; and from them, to our royal person ; as by their charter doth appear. Which course having always heretofore been inviolably kept amongst them, hath now of late, as we have been credibly informed, by some that have intermeddled with the government of the tin- ners, been infringed, and by foreign authority have charged and rated them for divers payments without consent of their w^arden; and have taken upon them the correction of abuses which they suppose have been committed by the tinners and officers of the stannary; and have bound some baihiFs and officers of the said stannaries to their good behaviour, and compelled them to appear and answer at their quarter sessions for executing stannary pro- cess, before any complaint made to our warden, our council, or to us, con- trary to the hberties and privileges granted to them, and the manifest derogation of the authority granted and reserved to the said warden, our council, and our self. For reformation whereof our will and pleasure is that the tinners and duchy tenants of Cornwall and Devon shall hereafter be governed by their warden and his officers according to their charter and the ancient customs and privileges of the stannaries as heretofore hath been used and accustomed ; and therefore we will and command, that no sheriff, commissioner, or other officer whatsoever do from henceforth muster, rate. 88 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK I. or charge any of our tinners or duchy tenants ; or otherwise offer any grief, molestation, or disturbance to the jurisdiction of the duchy or stannaries ; neither do convent, precept, or compel any bailiff or officer of the stannaries, or any of the tinners, or duchy tenants to answer for any abuses arising or growuig within the said stannaries, determinable there. But that the go- vernment, examination, judgment, and correction of all and singular such causes and matters be permitted and suffered to have their passage before the officers of the stannaries and duchv bv appeal to the warden, and from him to our pri\'y- council, and from them to our royal person, as heretofore hath been used and accustomed. Which our pleasure and express com- mandment we will and require you to signify to all our officers, ministers, and loving subjects in Devon and Cornwall, at the next general assizes, to be holden in those counties, requiring them effectually to observe and fulfil the same, according as they tender our pleasure, and will answer the con- traiy at their perils. And yet, nevertheless, our meaning is not, but that during the time there shall be any lieutenant-general of the said counties, or either of them, the authority of the said Heutenant shall be of force, and continue, for the mustering and levying of any forces to withstand any in- vasion or rebellion, so as the said Heutenant do join with our warden of our stannaries on the execution of such needful services. To which purpose we will and command them both to join and agree together to the furtherance of our said service. Given under our signet at Nonsuch, the 27th day of June, in the 31st year of our reign, 1589. " To our trusty and well-beloved the justices of assizes in the counties of Devon and Cornwall." CHAPTER XXIII. Of the Forest of Exmoor. Without danger, at length, though not void of tedious and wearisome travel; are we freed out of the liberty of tin- warrants; and a simple and unskilful pilot though I be, (so you find, and so I frankly confess myself, and vi'ould never have so boldlv undertaken to be vour truide had not the Chap. XXIII.] view of Devonshire. 89 more sufficient slid back or fainted,) you are disembogued of the large gulf of land, the forest of Dartmoor ; and under my conduct safely and securely escaped the peril of deep tin-works, steep tors, high mountains, low valleys, bogs, plains, being neither in any hazard or fear of danger, without wetting your foot in the many meers, or fouling your shoes in the many mires. Now I suppose you hope and expect more delightsome objects, pleasant ways, and comfortable travel, (after these uneven, rocky, stumbling, tiring, melancholy paths,) but I cannot promise you presently : I see a spacious, coarse, barren, and wild object, yielding httle comfort by his rough, cold, and rigorous complexion. I doubt you will say with the poet — " Incidit in Scyllam cupiens vitare Charibdim." In shunning of Charibdes' paws He falleth into Scylla's jaws. Have a little patience, your stay shall not be long; I will shorten the way by directing you by a straight hne without any turning or needless amba- ges; you shall not have a bough of a tree to strike off your hat, or drop in your neck: it is the other forest I have formerly told you of, part of which lies in this county, and is called Exmoor Forest. The greatest part belongeth to Somersetsliire, and yieldeth no metal as yet found, only good pastures and summering, for sheep and cattle, in quantity and quality. We should therefore search it no farther, were I not to seek and show you cer- tain stones, supposed (as I am informed,) by no simple evidence, to be there erected, some in triangle wise, others in circle, as trophies of victories gotten of or by the Romans, Saxons, or Danes; on which also are engraven certain Danish or Saxon characters. Thought of some to be there erected and fixed in memory of the great victory at the overthrow and slaughter of Hubba, the Dane; who, with Hungar, his associate, having harried over all the country, from Eglisdon (now St. Edmondsbury,) to this country, was here utterly vanquished, and with his whole army slain, anno 879, and the banner (wherein was curiously wrought, by the fingers of the daughters of Kmg Loth-brook, (in English, Leather-breech,) a raven, which they called Rephan, whereon they reposed no small confidence for good success, hav- ing been so oftentimes fortunately and with so happy success displayed,) taken, and the place since that time called Hubbleston. But for that place we may perchance find it hereafter near the mouth of Torridge. 90 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. Other there be that affirm them rather to be set as guides and directions, the better to conduct strangers in theu- way over those wastes. But let us forbear to inquire farther of the cause, and find the stones, which I cannot as yet, neither can they which I have purposely employed in quest of them, learn of any such, either in the north moor between Hore-oak-ridge and Snabhill; nor southward from Exaborough to Exridge; or in the middle moor westward, between the long chain to Rexable and Settacombe; or in the south from Druslade to Vermy-ball; neither from Wester Emmot to Lydden-moor; and all the other noted hills and valleys (which we term coombes,) therein. To reckon up all I doubt would be over-wearisome unto you, as the journey unto myself; for I was vexed with a jealous care to a serious and particular inquisition of what occurs in reading taken up of the writers (as the subject of our corantoes,*) upon the credit of the reporters. For I find only near Porlock Commons a stone, not pitched but lying, which they call the long stone; but that may breed another question, why it should be so named, being not five feet in length and much less in cras- situde. Also in the west from Woodborough to Rodely-head, which we call Collacumb Commons, is a plain stone erected, in height near six feet, in thickness, two; yet without any antique or other engravings. But some- what nearer to our purpose do I find in the parish of East Down, in the farm of Northcot the seat sometime of a generous family of the same deno- mination, John Northcot, who was sheriff of this county in the 29th year of Edward III. 1355 ; and though it be now out of the name, we shall find one of his name and of his posterity, his equal, in the 2nd year of our now So- vereign Lord King Charles I. 1626. In a large spacious field enclosed, by the name of Mattocks, or Maddocks Down, near five miles from the forest, certain great stones are erected in this manner: — ^first, there stand two great stones in nature or fashion (yet not curiously cut,) of pyramids, dis- tant the one from the other 147 feet; the greatest above the ground nine feet and a half, every square bearing four feet; the height of the other stone is five feet and a half, but in ever).- square near equals the other, being somewhat above three feet. These two stones, pyramids and pillars, stand in direct line one opposite to the other, sixty-six feet; on the side of each of these is laid a ridge, a row, or bank of three-and-twenty large * Coranto, (Italian Corranta,) a French running dance; also a new news-book. Blount's Dictionary.— G. O.,— P. J. Chap. XXIII.] view of Devonshire. 91 (yet not equalling by half the other) stones, stretching out in length even with the other two, in straight and equal line, making a reciprocal figure, as having the sides equally proportioned, but double as long in length than square and more, (which, as I am told, is called a parallelogram.) But on none of these stones are there any characters to be seen, neither are they to be engraven they are so hard and rough. That these stones should naturally grow here it cannot be thought by any spectator; neither can I as yet satisfy myself with any reason or occa- sion (by reading or tradition,) why they should be thus erected, but for some victory here gotten, and the monument of the interment of some fa- mous person of eminent place or worth. But to conjecture by the name of Maddock or Mattock I know not how to allude to any authentical history or person: for first to think upon Madock who, anno 23rd Edward 1., 1294, raised an uproar and rebellion in Wales, from whom, in time, the king won the Isle of Anglesea, and after anno 25 of the said king was taken, drawn, and hanged ; his rebellion being in Wales and his death in London ; it holds with no congruity. To fetch it as far as Madock, the fourth son of Owen Grisneth, Prince of Wales, who, seeing his three elder brethren strive and violently to contend for the government of the country, or equal partition of their shares therein, could not endure it, and therefore rigged a fleet of ships and adventured the seas to seek some waste or desert place where he might inhabit quietly; who is supposed, by great probability, to be the first discoverer of the West Indies, and inhabiter thereof; imposing British names to divers things, which continue to this age. (440 years since, for he lived anno 1 1 70.) Of him Merideth, the son of Rhesi, (als ap Rhese,) who lived anno 1477, hath this written, — " Madoc wif mw y die wed, Jawn genan Owen Gwyneth, Ni fiinnum dir fy enridd oedd Ni da movvr ondy moroedd." It is Englished thus, — Madoc, I am the son of Owen Giiynedd, With stature large, and comely grace adorned : ^" VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK I. No lands at home, or store of wealth me please, My mind was whole to search the ocean seas. Thus Englished in Mr. Herbert's travels, — " Madoc ap Owen was I call'd, Strong, tall, and comely ; not enthrall'd With home-bred pleasure, but for fame Through land and sea I sought the same." This man, employing himself in search of strange and uninhabited coun- tries, I cannot, with any likeHhood, place him here, but wiU leave it to him that hath dived deeper in the British tongue than myself ; and so will take our leave of Exmoor; only vrith this note, that in the reign of Henry IV. Gorges had the whole command of the forest. I have heretofore somewhere told you that the lord lieutenant, with his deputies, have, for the better and easier managing of the martial affairs and other pohtic causes, divided this province into three parts, which they call divisions, the south, north, and east. To guide you through every of these in several, and to separate the one from the other, or to follow the alpha- betical order of some other will be over troublesome. If you have any occasion to survey the map, and cannot be without danger of double deal- ing, by taking view of one place twice or thrice, and so redupHcate our way, I therefore intend to make use of the next river of name we shall find, and to pass with it from its spring until he emptieth himself in the sea to- gether with all other riUs and riverets that shall yield liim any subsidy : and in our journey we wiU view every borough and market town, each hundred and parish; and not neglect any ancient seat, either ecclesiastical or tempo- ral; or generous family that possesseth it now, or in former times, as near as we can : wherein, if I sometimes err, (as I fear me I shall,) let the apology the divine poet made for himself, be my defence also : for he saith, — " Most famous peoples' dark antiquity Is as a wood, where bold temerity Stumbles each step, and learned diligence Itself entangles ; and blind ignorance (Groping about in such Cimmerean nights) In pits, in ponds, in bogs, and quagmire lights." But now will we pass from the general, to come to that which is more particular. END OF THE FIRST BOOK. THE SECOND BOOK. CHAPTER I. An entrance into the East Division, together tvith the original and progress of the River Exe. Now having, according to my poor ability, showed you a description of this province of De-Avonshire, with the nature and quahty of the soil, to- gether with the natural" disposition of the natives, it ^^^ll be expected that there should yet be a more particular view taken of the hundreds, corpora- tions, market towns, castles, parishes with their churches; that nothing may be defective of what is spoken of in the survey or description of other counties : a work and matter worthy great pains, and would require good judgment, learning, and much time, and suitable for those acquainted with antiquaries; and a fit charge for one conversant with learned men, (of whom he may be resolved in his doubts,) to make it both profitable and pleasurable. But seeing nature, education, and conveniency have made me defective in all these, you are only to accept a bare relation, broken and independent fragments, that will give small light and yield less delight : for to proceed rightly were to write many historical discourses; which to others, again, may seem tedious and unnecessary, because elsewhere to be read. But since you have vouchsafed to travel thus far, and now in the midst of a large unknown forest, I may not, without the incuiring of a deep aspersion, leave you here; but by my best endeavour guide you into a better harbour and a place of more shelter. Be now therefore pleased, as you now stand upon Great Vennicomb top, (that we leave nothing unseen worthy note,) to cast your eye westward and N 94 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. you may see the first spring of the river Exe, which welleth forth in a valley between Pinckerry and Woodborough, which runneth far to make itself famous bv giving denomination to a more famous city, Exeter: as Alexander Neckam writeth: — " Exoniae fama ccleberiimus Iscia nomea Praebuit." Iscia, now Exe, a famous river. To Exeter did his name deliver. , But whence itself should take first denomination are divers opinions. Some will derive it of Iskaw, which in the Briton-speech signifieth elder trees: others from Hesk, by which name they called such reeds as grow on moors and rivers; wherewith the northern nations covered their houses, and fasten- ed together the joints of their ships. But to these conjectures, in regard there are no such store of elder trees, not any at all, at this time, in the forest, nor any other strange reeds, ( for I am assured they intend not juncus aquaticus, common every whei'e, and unfit for those forementioned purposes; but rather spartum, or spartum herba, which are strangers to this country, and known only to herbalists,) the more solid judgments are not hastily to yield credit. Some interpret Iske, a swallow; and so it might take name from the swift cuiTent, or the multitude of birds of that kind flocking in the summer season about it. But to him that shall derive it from Eske,* son to Hingest the Saxon, who first, by matching his daughter, Rowena, with King Vorti- gem, got footing in Kent, and laid the foundation of those future fortunes that the Saxons got in this kingdom, I think there needs no reply; for this river had this nomination divers hundreds of years before; for he came not hither before the year 445 : yet I cannot deny that the Kentishmen were long time after called Erskins, from him. And it were not fr-om the purpose to be resolved of another doubt which is or may be made, whether the river took name of the forest, (as some suppose,) or the forest of the river, as I with more probability conceive: for the ancients and first discoverers, after the imposition of name to the land or promontory, do the like next to the rivers into whose mouth they are arrived, before they search so far into the land as to find the original of * Esk i.s an original Celtic word for a river. — Dr. I.yttelton. Chap. I.] view of Devonshire, 95 of rivers; as the discoverers both in the West and East Indies, and other places, lately found out. But leaving the name, let us for your more ease, and the sooner to be quit of this barren soil, cold air, uneven ways, and untrodden paths, swim with the stream the better to hasten our speed ; so we are sure not to devi- ate, though we walk the farther way about, yet it may prove the nearest way home. In his small beginning he keeps Somersetshire; and passmg by Exford, a place where he is fordable, he leaveth his name; and at Exton he doth the same after his passage by Winsford; and there receives a small nursing from Carhampton and Cutcumbe : he hath further augmentation from a rill that ariseth beyond Bampton-Regis ; then, grown somewhat in strength, hasteth to Dulverton to meet his fair sister Barle ; hoping, with her rich portion, to better and enlarge his state. They were, at their first springs, congenuited, being sprung not 500 paces distant one from the other. Barle yields nothing to Exe in quantity, and seems as if she would strive for superiority, as having the first bridge of stone, as otherwise unpassable, and that in the midst of the forest; near which is a large deep pool which they name Symon's Bath, as a place where one Symon used to bathe him. self, and is said to have been ( but upon what small colour of warrant) ano- ther Robin Hood, and standing in outlawry, kept this forest: and in the moors of Somerset there is a burrow or fort called, by the inhabitants, Symon's Burrow, which he made his winter strength to retire unto. But for that I can tell no Robin Hood's tales of him, I will follow Barle, which washeth the feet of an ancient castle, (so they called it,) Cowcastle; which was there cast up for some (long since) forgotten occasion, whereof neither tradition nor writing maketh mention. There is also another such fort, south-west from Challacombe, called Solsbury Castle. We will not stay so long as to describe the site thereof, yielding no matter worthy the remem- brance ; only Barle by this time is come to Longacre, his second bridge, and draweth near to Withy-Pool and Hawkridge, to meet Dunsbrook, and both together to subscribe to Exe; which at Exbridge receiveth the whole of another pretty brook. And having by this time given name to three or four parishes, and had the augmentation of the hke number of riverets, it begins to look big; yet for all his greatness findeth nature a sparing niggard on either side, of the bountiful favours she elsewhere liberally bestoweth upon such her children, 96 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. as fattening meadows, enriching pastures; for as yet it gives the husband- man httle comfort, and therefore vows to leave Somersetshire, as hoping to find a more bountiful extent of nature's blessing in Devonshire ; and so ex- pecting no farther honour in his native soil, turns hither; and we, in hope of commodity by him, bid him welcome; and he presently gives the spring's livery, and clothes our meadows and pastures with a smiling verdure, ena- melled and embroidered with variety of flowers, both in savour and colour. But whUe there is no remarkable matter to be spoken of, let us, by some pleasant conference, abbreviate our way by putting a question of the progress of this river, which is found at Exmoor and lost at Exmouth : one distant from the other near fifty miles, in direct Kne; double, perchance in his meander-like ambages. How much, in so long a course, the spring may be elevated above the fall? for no stream can fleet without some declivity and falling of the ground. Pliny (as I remember,) requireth to the current of a river " unum cubitum in binos actus" — a cubit in two acts: an act, by Columella and others, is the dimension of 1 20 feet : but that allowance may seem somewhat with the largest, and will mount to a great height ; for the conveyors of waters in these days, which have performed admirable works both in Plymouth and London, content themselves (as I am inform- ed,) with one foot in 200 feet, which may perhaps serve their turn in pipes of lead and in a very slow and still current or motion ; but in the descent of this and such like rivers, whose motion is continually strong, in some places a swift current and here and there a stickle torrent, it cannot be less than trip- led, and so not far under Phny's allowance, and wiU be somewhat high in per- pendicular, half a mile at least. This was only moved to pass our way with more content : we have not time nor leisure to dispute the question any longer. Let the unsatisfied repair to Mr. Pond, Mr. Carpenter, or other skilled geo- metricians for a more sohd resolution: we must hasten to Bampton. CHAPTER II. Of the Hundred of Bampton, containing six Parishes. This town of Bampton, alias Baenton, was given by the Conqueror to Walter de Doway, and is situated in the north-east-most part of this shire. Chap. II.] view of Devonshire. 97 It giveth name to the hundred ; and under it are six other parishes. Walter Doway's son, Robert, took the name of Bampton; a common and usual thing in those days; by the heir general of which family it came to Panell, alias Paganel, Lord of Bridgewater; and his sole heir. Christian, brought large possessions to John de Bohun; and his only daughter a far larger to a worthy Devonshire knight. Sir John Cogan. In this Une it continued until Elisabeth, sister and co-heir of Sir John Cogan, brought it unto Sir Fulk Fitzwarren, knight. Lord of Wanting. By another heir of that honourable tribe it came to Sir Richard Hankford, knight; and by one of the two co-heirs of that family it is now possessed, by the right honourable Edward Earl of Bath, of whose predecessors in that honour we shall make a larger remembrance at Tawstock. Here Marianus and Florentius report that anno domini 620 there was a great conflict between Cynegils, first christian king of the West Saxons and the Britons, where the king put 20,000 to the sword: the original nameth a far larger number by one cipher. They keep a weekly market, Saturdays, and two yearly fairs, one in the Whitsun week and the other at Luke's feast. As this place may glory of many worthy lords in succession of divers famihes, (whereof some of either name have been here interred,) though we know not how to distinguish them but by their armories; yet that is not his only honour, for it also bred a worthy and great scholar in the time of Edward I., a native of this place, whence he took his addition Johannes de Bampton, a monk of the Carmelite order. He is the first that read Aristotle publicly in the schools in Cambridge, when he lived there; was after Doctor of Divinity, and wrote sundry good books. Here our river is augmented on each hand with a pretty brook : that on the right cometh from Anstye, (q. Hanst-hye,) known from another of the same name by the addition East : it appertained to the long continued name of Esse; but now by three co-heirs come to three generous families. Bear, Sydenham, and Molford. Here Reigny and Cruwys held land also. That on the left comes from Petton and Dipford. It passeth Okeford, a passage through a grove of oaks possessed by Vaulter, de Valletorta, or de Vallibus, whose heir general possessed Pollard therewith: from whom is Sir Lewis Pollard, now baronet. Haverington, alias Harrington, now Rolle, holds land here also, and Spurway. And now swollen with (a desire of greater name and fame as with) waters. 98 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. it passeth carelessly by Stoodley, and therein by Warbrightsleigh, (com- monly Warpslegh,) Beacon-hill; mider which is the seat of Sir Roger de Acastre ; and his issue brought it to Sackevill, alias de Sicca Villa ; and his only heir brought it to the generous tribe of Broughton, who now posses- seth it, and married GifFard, his father the co-heir of Estcote. Then it sees Loxbear, Lockisbear, abas Lochebere, the inheritance of Avenel, in the age of Edward II. Domesday Book shows that Algarus had it before the conquest; and that WiUiam I. gave it to the Bishop of Coutance. Next Washfield, where the river washeth the field, and therefore so called. A manor there is possessed by the family of Hams. There is also Worth, which bestowed his name on a family of very long continuance and worshipful state, flourishing to this age. This house may seem to be denominated of the site, which in the ancient Saxon speech signifieth a fruitful place fit for habitation, between two waters. He married Frye : his father, Fortescue. Calwoodly, long possessed by a family of hke denomination. Sir Milo Caldwoodleigh held it in the time of Edward I., lately alienated to Southcote, a younger branch of that tribe. He married ; his father married Mary, the daughter of John Crocker of Lynham, esq. ; his grandfather, a daughter of Robinson, an alderman of London. Here I cannot forget Mr. AtwiU,* some time incumbent in this rectory ; a man generally well learned and a professor of physick, and named The Poors' Physician ; to whom he not only gave medicine but rehef, for what he took from the rich (which was veiy mode- rate,) he presently bestowed on the next poor he met: to whom he gave all his estate; never desiring more than to serve present occasion; laying up his treasure in heaven, where the rust corrupteth not, neither do thieves break through and steal. CHAPTER III. Of the Hundred of Tiverton, containing five Parishes. Now are we come to the borough, barony, and mayoralty "of Tiverton, more rightly Twy-ford-town, as standing between the two rivers of Exe * He was admitted to this living by Bishop Turberville, on the 27lh of January, 1558—9, but resigned it for St. Ewes in Cornwall, late in 1596, where he was buried on 4th of May, 1617, aged 91. His will bears date the 4th of February that year. — G.O ., — P. J, Chap. III.] view of Devonshire. 99 and Lowman - water ; called by Leland the Sunning Brook. The passage through these two fords, ere the bridges were built, gave cause of this no- mination; as Twynam -bourne, uovr Christ Church, in Hampshire, and Inter Amna in Italy; both situate between two rivers. This borough is verv ancient, with a market, Tuesdays and Saturdays: and King Henry I. ho- noured it with the title of a barony; giving it, with Phmptori, to Richard de Ripariis, Redvers, alias Rivers, for by all these he is written; creating him afterwards Earl of Devon ; giving him the third penny of the yearly revenues of the county, amounting then to ten marks. Here was his chief mansion house, very near the church, whereunto be- longed two parks for pleasure, and large and rich demesne for hospitality. He was lord of the whole town and patron of the church; wliich puts me in mind of a pretty incident between one of them and his incumbent;* said to be thus: — Hugh Courtenay, the second or third of that name, father and son; one of them in the time of Edward III. gave this rectory to a chaplain he had; who, having lived incumbent on it some time, and being, as it is to be supposed, of a generous and bountiful nature, would complain in generality, and some- times particularly to his lord's officers, that the rectory yielded not a sufficient maintenance for one of his place, and mind to keep hospitality answerable to his calling. This often spoken, came in time to his lord's ears; who, in a convenient time, conferred with his said chaplain concerning his complaint, and told him he had considered thereof and was pui^posed to procure him a living more proportionable to his mind and more convenient, if he would resign this. The incumbent tickled with these words, and filled with hopes of higher promotion, was ready at the very instant to resign ; and the noble earl (a work worthy his wisdom,) divided it (which then might easily be done,) into four parts, or quarters. Prior, Tydcomb, Clare, and Pitt, with intent to bestow it on four divers men; but with some respect to his old chaplain, the last incumbent, offered him the choice; which he, seeing no other preferment ready, and percei\ang his lordship's intent, gratefully ac- cepted; and thereby taught to live by a crown, that could not live by a * The whole of the church had been given by Baldwin de Rivers to St. James's Priory, Exeter, before the year 1146 ; hut the division into four prebends liad taken place a full century before any of the Courtenay family had succeeded to the patronage of Tiverton. G. O.,— P. J. 100 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK 11. pound : and may counsel and advise all men to be content when they are well and have enough. " Nature's with a little pleas'd : — enough's a feast : A sober life but a small charge requires : But man, the author of his own unrest, The more he hath, the more he still desires. Each of these is now held a sufficient competency for a worthy man : ,three of them being suppHed by learned -men ; the fourth has been impropriated, or appropriated, to King's College, Cambridge, since the reign of King Henry VI. This parish is the head of the hundred and gives it its name, the honour whereof was held by the numerous and potent tribe of Leigh. This bo- rough is much benefited by its weekly marlfet of kersies of all sorts, and mixed and coloured cloths, which are either transported thence beyond the seas, or conveyed to London and there profitably sold, which may be easily conceived by considering the great wealth gotten by an inhabitant thereof not long since deceased ; who, for his bountiful large legacies to pious uses, is right worthy of a perpetual remembrance, and the particulars thereof (if I could relate them.) fit to be registered, never to be forgotten. A worthy living monument is the fair free school by him erected and perpetually sti- pended. His name is Peter Blundell; in whose memory, on St Peter's day, there is yearly, there and in other places, a feast kept. But I must now pass to a subject of sadness. This towTi had a woeftd market on the 3rd of April, 1598, when the whole town, consisting of 600 houses, was, in less than two hours, utterly consumed, with divers persons to the number (as I am told,) of fifty. This sudden fire began in the wes- tern part of the town over the river, called thereby West-Exe, about one of the clock in the afternoon, and kindled with so violent a wind that, to the great ten-or and amazement of all the spectators, it was suddenly blown over the large river, and all the town generally and instantly in one flame, and consumed to ashes, the church and two alms-houses only (and not without wonder,) preserved ; the last being in the midst of the fire and the flame kindled therein, and yet quenched of itself without help of man. So pow- erful is the great God of Heaven, and so prone to mercy, and so vigilant and watchful of those whom he taketh into his protection. — Chap. III.] view of Devonshire. 101 As at his side as he doth stand A thousand dead shall be; Ten thousand eke at his right hand, And yet he shall be free. Psalm xci. 7. Great were the riches and wealth consumed in these flames, vet God enabled them in a short time to re-edify it again as fair (that I say not fairer,) than before; and it flourished again with great trade for some fifteen years; and then again, on the 5th of August, 1 612, it pleased God to try their patience again with the like sudden fire, to their greater hindrance, yea, even to the utter impoverishing of the whole town, and to the great grief and sorrow of the good men of the same, (this last leaving it almost hopeless of recovery,) who, duly considering the cause of this their punishment, without murmur- ing or repining, mourned forth with patient Job, — Ah ! naked came we from our mother's womb, And naked shall we return unto our tomb : The Lord hath taken what himself hath given : Blessed be God Almighty, Lord of heaven. And God, remembering his mercy, hath again, the second time, enabled them to rebuild it much fairer than anv time before: so that it may com- fortably be applied to this borough what is written of the re-engendering of the Phcenix by fire, — " Worn out with age, wishing her endless end, To shining flames she doth herself commend; Dies to revive, and goes unto her grave To rise again more beautiful and brave : Just like the first, or much more fair indeed. Though re-engend'ring of the self-same seed." It were good resting here, after your painful travel ; but we are but pil- grims, and must haste to come to our journey's end ; only telling you by the way that this town was incorporated by King James, 10th August, 1615, Mr. Spurway being their first mayor. It yields two burgesses to serve at the parliament; and on Michaelmas day hath a plentiful fair-day. The church is worth your view; where we shall find, or lately might, these armories and epitaphs : — CouRTENAY. — Or, three torteauxes, impaled with four coats quartered. 1st. England and France. 2nd. Ulster. — Or, a cross gu. 3rd as 2u<3. o 102 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [RoOK II. 4th. Mortimer. — Barry of six, or, and azure on a chief of the first three pal- lets. Gules a bar between three plain crosses, or. Cheeky azure and or, a chev- ron erm. Courtenay impaling Bohun azure, abend, arg., between two cotices and six lions rampant, or. Courtenay impaling gu. a cross, or. Courtenay impaled with St. John. — Arg. on a chief gu., two mullets, or. Courtenay impaling Spencer. — Quarterly, arg., and gules in 2nd and 3rd, a frettee, or, with a bend, gules. Courtenay impaling Camois. — Or, on a chief gu. three plates. Courtenay impaled with Brian. — Or, three piles in point, azure. Rivers. — Or, a lion rampant. Copleston. — Arg., a chev. gu. between three leopards' faces, azure, impaling Hewes. — Gu. frettee a canton, arg. Eng- land and France, with Beaufort. — A bordure arg. and azure gobony. Tal- bot. — Gu. a lion rampant with a bordure or. Lacy. — Azure, three shovellers' heads erased, arg. Clavel. — Sab. three keys, arg , impaled with Gambon. — Arg., a bar between three legs couped at the knee, sab. Gambon impaled with arg., three escalops between two chevrons, sab. Champernoun. — Gu. a saltire vairy between twelve billets, or, impaled with Sir John Courtenay', second son of Sir Philip Courtenay of Powderham. All these foregoing coats appear ancient : those that follow are lately set up. Greenway. — Gu. a chevron, or, between three cups covered; impaling, or, on a chief arg. three griffins' heads erased azure. Walrond. — Arg. three bulls' faces sab. attired, or. Spurway. — Arg. on a bend between three cross crosslets sab., three garbs arg. Francis. — Arg. a chev. between three mullets, gul. pierced. Sharpe. — Quarterly arg. 1st. three ravens' heads erased, sab. a bordure azure. 2nd. Pycott. — Sab. three pickaxes, arg. The 3rd as the 2nd; the 4th as the 1st. Cholmley. (query, Cockaine.) — Arg. three cocks' azure. Di- MONT. — Gu. on three fufils, arg., a bar of the first. "West. — Sab., a lion be- tween six billets, or. Blundel. — Gu. two pales, arg., Ackland. — Checkee arg. and sab. a fess gu. Now for the monuments and epitaphs. First there is a fair monument for Roger Giffard, with his arms and quarterings thus : — GiFFARD, — 1. Sab. three fusills in fess erm. impaling. Cobleigh. — 2. Gyrony of eight sab. and gu. on a bend between two swans, each bearing in his beak a cross fleury fitchy arg. three pellets. 3. Indent, per fess gu. and arg. 4. Three bugles, garnished sab. " Sacrum memoria; monumentum generosisimi Viri Rogeri Gifiard Armigeri. Armigeri quondam Giffardi membra Rogeri Haec tegit in cineres terra soluta suos. Chap. III.] view of Devonshire. lO'^ Miles erat genitor dominus de Brightlegh Rogerus Quintus et ipsius filius ille fuit. Consors prima thori, nati genetrixque Georgi Nata Equitis de Affton, Audria Steucla fuit. Corporis externo multuin spectabilis ore, Mentis et internae gratia major erat. Cultor amicitiae constans, et cultor agrorum Sumtnus egenorum cultor, amansque fuit. Ex triplice binos generavit conjuge natos Nee viditstirpis germinaplura suae. In cunis unus moritur, remanetque secundus, Hoc patri sacrum conficiebat opus. Septuaginta senex postquam compleverat annos Ecce! animam caelo reddidit, ossasolo. Obiit etsepultus Tiverton 8 Octob, A. D. 1603. Another on a plain stone is this, — " Mary Shepherd, a tender blossom, Only eight years old ; Whom death pluckt quickly oS, Lyeth cover'd here in mould. May 5, 1622." Another, — " Margaret Garnet : — God gave me life, But lest I sin should see. He took 't away again That gave it unto me. April 26, 1621." On another stone, — "Quae jacet hie fuit uxor amans, bona, pulchra, benigna, Pauperibus verax, provida, munda Parens. Also, — " Dormit hie, Johanna sata Almericis Caja cum Cajo Samuele Butler, Quae suo vixit pia, perque Jesum." Here sleepeth Johan, from the armories descended. Who Caja dear to Samuel Butler lived ; Her Cajus, when her godly life was ended. To the heavens due, by Christ she is received. Here are two more, which, though they want metre, they are not vacant of matter more worthy to be perpetuated than the other. — 104 VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK II. " Here under lyeth buried the body of George [Slee of Tiverton, Merchant, who departed this life the 1st of September, 1629, He gave by his will, to bo distributed to the poorest people of Tiverton, 50£ ; to the parish church and church-yard of Tiverton, 10£ ; to and for the building of an aims-house, for six poor, aged, and honest vpomen, and to purchase rents for their maintenance, at 12d. the week to each of them, 500£; to fifty poor crafts-men, of good and honest, fame, 100£; to the poorest, honest, and painfuUest labourers in Tiverton, 10£; to the parish church of Coleridge, for the relief and keeping on work of the poor- est people there, 10£ ; to the poor of the parish of Halberton, 40s; to the poor of the parish of Uplowman, 40s. He left behind him living, two sons and three daughters." The next is, — " Here lyeth John Waldron, Merchant, of Tiverton, founder of the alms-house by west Exe."* In this parish are divers tithings and manors, as at Cheverston, now Cheathorn, v^^hich was the seat of Richard de Chiverthorn, in the age of Edward I., after of Culme; now of Francis of Comb-flory in Somersetshire, Pasmore of Pasmore-hays. Loman-ClavUe, where Sir George Clavil in- habited in the time of Henry III. BoUam, or Botham, owned by the abbot of Dunkeswell. Chetelescome, now Chetscombe, whereof Sir Walter de Escudamore, and after Robert Avenel, were possessors. Nethecot, held by Robert Maudyt. Here Exe is crowned with a fair bridge of stone, and at the town's end receiveth a continual subsidy of the riveret Lumen, or Loman, called of Leland the Sunning Brook; who fetcheth his original in Somersetshire, near Clehanger, passing by Huntsham, the seat of Bear, Robertus Beare, tenet Huntsham, under * The inscription on the cornice of Waldron's alms-houses is as follows : — [over the first door,] " Depart thy Goods vvhil" [over the second door,] " Thou hast Tyme for after" [over the third door,] " Thy Death theyre are not thyne." Inscription running under the roof: — 1^= "John Waldron merchaunt and Richard his wyfe, builded this house in tyme of their Life, at suche Tyme as the walls were fourtyne foote hye, he departed this worlde even the Eyghtynth of Julye. — Anno Dom, 1579. " Since Youth and Lyfe doth pas away — and Death's at hand to end our Dayes — Let us do so that men may saye — we spent onr Goodes God for to prays — he that uppon the Poore doth spende — the Goods that he hath here — too God agen the same doth send — and paye the same with greate encreas. " Remember the poore." G. O., — P. J. Chap. IV.] view of Devonshire. 105 Edward II. Thomas de Saunton and William de Pedixhil before him, Of the name of Beare I find an elder remembrance, as Sir Gilbertus de Beare, Lord of Beare in the time of Henry III., and his posterity long after. This gentleman married Drew; his father, ; his grandfather, . This riveret gives name to divers places, as Uplowman, whereof Sir William de Lumine was possessed under Henry III. Lumen-Clavil held by John de Clavil. Chil- Lumen, by the abbot of St. Augustine of Bristol. Then leaves it Sampford, which for distinction from another of like name, and due remembrance of a good lord hath the adjunct of Peverel; a stirpe of great birth and estimation in elder times. After Sir Elias Cottle held it and wrote himself thereof; but now it is one of the seats of the Ho- nourable John Lord Powlet of Hinton; which, standing on the side of a hill, hath woods and ponds — winter's treasure and summer's pleasure ; and fair pastures for hospitality, for which the name hath been very highly commended. CHAPTER IV. TJie Hundred of Halberton containeth three parishes^ Then come we to Halberton, not inuch noted, but that it nameth the hundred, containing but three parishes, which John de Bosco, alias Wood, alias de Boys, sometime held ; now Powlet. But let us return to Exe, which has swallowed up this lesser river, fleets not like the waters of Shilo, which, (as the prophet saith) runneth softly, but with a stiff and hasty current seek.s out Bicklegh, or Buckley, taking its name of beech trees, more frequent there than in any place near it; and by the way takes in Dart, a mill-driving brook, which cometh from Morchard, Morcet, or Morcester; written anciently with these latter names. Richard Cruwys [de Cruce] had it in the time of King John, and afterward Sir Robert and Sir Alexander ; and from this generous tribe hath gotten the addition of Cruwys, to be known from another, and is termed 106 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. Cruwys-Morchard, which name yet possesseth it, and married Trefry; his father. Hatch; his grandfather, Kains. Then it passeth through Cadley, ( Park, I was saying, for so it had been lately, but the now possessor, as many others now do, employs it to a more profitable use than to gratify the gentlemen, his neighbours, with fat vension.) It was anciently the lands of Wilham Chivere, Mohun, and Courtenay, now of Sir Simon Leach. And now hath it found Bicklegh, the ancient moted towered house of Sir WdHam de Bickley, under Henry III.; since of Poyntingdon, Courtenay, and now of the anci- entest of the noble and famous stirpe of the Carews: the etymology of whose name is expressed by a worthy gentleman, of the family, in these verses, — " Carew of ancient Carru is, And Carru is a plough : — Romans the trade, Frenchmen the word, I do the name avow." &c. That their original was (as is supposed ) from the dukes and kings of Swabia, is very probable, (a region in the higher Germany,) whose inhabi- tants Plutarch termeth Gens populosa, fortis, audax, et beUicosa, et Ger- manorum prEestantissiiTia, the most of the family having been, in all ages, martial men, and worthily deserving to their prince and country, as this present age (as weU as former) can sufficiently approve. Their armories have also a near similitude to the Swabian kings, viz, three Uons in pale passant of the diamond in a field of the topaz ; the Swabian differing only in being gardant. Some younger brother of that royal house coming hither in quest of honour, with the Saxons, or Danes, or Normans, might seat himself in this kingdom ; of whom the first I can remember was Edmond, said to be named Mountgomerie, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Rhe- sius, alias Rice, Prince of South Wales, whose dowry was Carew Castle, whence they might take the name of Carew. To search no higher, it wUl be averred by authentical evidence that he flourished in the time of Henry I., (son to the Conqueror,) who gave him the manor of Molesford, in the county of Berks. After, they got much lands in Ireland, in the County of Cork, by the sister and heir of Miles Courcy, and by another match the barony of Odron. But I wiU forbear to dehneate their descent ere I find the monument of Sir Peter Carew in the Chap. IV.] view of Devonshire. 1^7 cathedral church of St. Peter in Exeter, on which their matches are fairly exemplified. Divers, of ancient times, of the name are registered in the chronicles; and that, worthy of our age, noble Sir George, dignified with the honour to be Earl of Totnes, in his own native country, merits a far better register than my weak pen ; I wUl therefore speak only a word or two of liis uncle, Thomas Carew, of Bickley, esq., while we are at the place, whose valiant action no pen hath yet recorded. This gentleman was second brother to Sir William Carew of Mohuns, Otter}', knight; both sons to Baron Carew, slain at Turpin, as he sat in councU, with the shot of a great piece, A° 1513; married Ehzabeth, the only daughter and heiress of Humphry Courtenay, esq., lord of Bickley; sixth son to Sir Phihp Courtenay, of Powderham, knight, who had married Ehzabeth, daughter to the Lord Hungerford; which, Humphry, dying before his father, left the care of his daughter unto him ; and he again entrusted her to the oversight of Sir WiUiam Carew, with whom our esquire lived. Being both in one house they were soon famihar, and it was not long ere he won the young gentlewoman's love; which they kept so secret, that he married her and carried her away ere the matter was any way suspected ; whereby he incurred the high displeasure both of her grandfather, Sir Philip Courtenay, and of his brother; the which to regain after a time of due consideration, being young and of an able and active body, being born of a warlike race, and having in him the inherent seeds of hereditary virtue, as Homer speaks of Achilles : — " It irk'd his noble heart to sit At home in slothful rest, When martial matters were in hand. The which he loved best." He therefore put himself to serve Henry Earl of Surrey, Lord High Ad- miral of England ; who, having the king's fleet at sea, landed his men to assist his father, the Duke of Norfolk, at Flodden Field in Scotland : some- what before which battle a Scottish knight, of a high spirit, made a chal- lenge to any Englishman to fight with him in single duel for the honour of his country; which was entertained by our esquire, and upon request made to the Lord, admitted he was to answer the challenge. In the field, ac- cording to agreement, these two champions met, when Mr. Carew was van- ^08 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. quisher; which got him great commendation generally, and especial favour of the Lord Admiral ; which was augmented hy another hke service shortly after in this manner: — not long after the Lord Admiral riding forth upon some service, a band of Scots was suddenly descried very near and coming towards them, so that the Earl was very doubtful how to make an honour- able retreat, for he was in danger to be entrapped at a strait and narrow passage of a bridge ; in which sudden and unexpected danger Mr. Carew in- stantly entreated the Lord Admiral to change armour and martial attire with him, for by such means he might make the easier escape, if need were ; which the Lord, by earnest persuasion, at length yielded unto. Our esquire, in rich habit, presently crossed the bridge on horseback, and for a time vali- antly defended and kept the passage, gaining time for his Lord to retreat; but the match being very unequal, he was at length taken prisoner, to the no little rejoicing of the enemy, who followed not the rest of the troop, thinking they had sufficient in having the general prisoner, for, by the rich- ness of his arms, they had reason to think so: they carried him to the Castle of Dunbar, where he was courteously entertained and respected, in regard that the lady of the castle had then a brother prisoner in England, hoping by exchange to have him delivered ; for by that time they knew and perceived their error, and that it was not the general. The lady was always affable and courteous to her prisoner; but the por- ter of the house, a maUcious and currish fellow, dealt most cruelly and dog- gedly with him; for on a time when Mr. Carew was sitting quietly and securely by the fire in his chamber, this porter came suddenly on him with his sword dravpn, intending to murder him; which his prisoner perceiving, rose suddenly up, catching the chair he sat on to defend himself, and using the best means he could to save his life, he gave the keeper such a knock as he lay dead in the place; whereupon he was cast into a deep dungeon, and there was he kept in such hard and poor manner that he fell danger- ously sick, but especially of a dyssentry that never left him until his death : yet after long time he was redeemed and returned hither to his manor of Bicklegh; and the noble Lord Admiral forgot not his good service, but en- tertained him vrith manifold courtesy and friendship, making him his Vice- Admiral of this county, assisting him in all his occasions. His son, Humph- ry, married Hui-st; his son, Peter, Chudlegh; Sir Henry, Mohun. Here our river Exe, sometimes overflowing his banks, roveth a great Chap. IV.] view of Devonshire. i09 way over the face of the bordering fields, but commonly returneth within twenty-four hours, and retireth into his usual limits; and so having well bathed and refreshed the land, yields greater benefit to the possessors. But once, commonly every year, (as is written of the Indian elephant,) when it suddenly, especially in the night, grows in a rage, it repays with an ill turn to boot. The church stands near the river, and is so little will soon be viewed : where this we find, — Carew. — " Or, three lions passant in pale sable, impaled with Hurst — Arg., the planet Mars, gu. Carew. — Impaled with Chudlegh. — Erm., three lions salianl, giil. Chiderlegh. — Arg. on a chev. sable, between three ravens' heads eras, sab., three acorns, or, impaled with Ferrers — ^Arg. on a bend sab., three horse-shoes, or. Erizie. — Sab., a chevron between three griflBns segreant, or, impaled with Carew. Here we find a remembrance of Humphry Carew, esq., who deceased A. D. 1588. " Marmora nee tumuli, grandesve ex aere colossi, Nee Genus aut Proavi, nobile nomen habet. Fama, nobilitas, virtus, sic claraque Postera, transacta gens canit acta bene." Also upon a fair monument, made upon Elizabeth, daughter of Peter Carew, esq., wife unto Richard Erizie, of Grade, in Cornwall, esq., with her re- semblance, is this epitaph, — " Carew's daughter, Erizie's wife, her name Elizabeth, By pleasure of Almighty God in child-bed found her death ; Which sudden unexpected chance with grief did kill the joy Of gladded parents and her mate in bringing forth a boy. To God she liv'd, to God she dy'd, young year'd, in virtues old; And left, until she rise again, this tomb her corpse to hold." So passing by Tremil, sometime the habitation and birth-place of a fa- mous lawyer and rev. judge, Tremayl, an ornament of his country: in this parish is Chiderlegh, the seat of Chiderlegh:* then come wetoUpexe, sometime possessed by Malgerus de Sancto Albino, now by the Earl of Bath, near unto * Here a chapel was licensed for the family by Bishop Edmund Stafford, 11th of April, 1408.— G. O.,— P. J. p 110 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. Silferton, now Silverton ; but whence it should take its later rich name we may doubt, unless from the fertility of the glebe ; for the parish is large and fruitful. It was anciently the land of Beauchamp, lately of Wadham, and now of his heirs general. It hath a little market every Saturday, and two fairs, the one on Midsummer day, the other on Saint Bartholomew's. Silverton was in the possession of Peter Corbet in 24th of Edward I., and of Gourny in 3rd of Richard II. In the church is a fair remembrance of Gilbert Bourne, bishop of Bath and Wells, who died here 1 0th September, A. D. 1569. Monkculm is a hamlet in this parish, whose name expresseth to whom it belonged, and the river it adjoineth. Hayne also, which I the rather speak of, in regard there is an observation had by tradition of a pool in that bar- ton, whereof they say it was never emptied but there fell some great storm or violent weather ere it was finished, which some gentlemen of good worth would lately make proof of: thinking it but a frivolous relation. For their better proceeding, on a fair morning in the summer time they timely pre- pared themselves and their people, and to work they go, and by three in the afternoon they had near finished their work, when suddenly there came such a violent tempest of thunder and Hghtning, and great rain, that they were enforced to leave off and seek shelter, even when they were jesting at their old neighbours that maintained the sundry trials thereof, which they also found true. Exe on the right hand leaveth Thorverton, or rather Thorowford-ton, so called of a brook running through the town, where it yields good commo- dity' by driving their mills and fattening their meadows and pastures; for which kindness it decks him with a fair bridge of stone, of much use, as being in the trade way from the Land's-end in Cornwall, and all that coun- ty, to the city of London ; and gives him also a continual tribute of the waters of her brook which spring in Cadberry, alias Caderbyr, the land of WilUam de Campo Arnulphi, and after of Willoughby, Fursdon, and now Carew. The castle may be seen afar off, so they term a high upright topped hill, by nature and shght art anciently fortified, which in those Roman or Saxon wars might be of great strength, containing within the compass thereof near two acres. Hence you may see some five miles distant to the south-east, in the parish of Broad-clist, another down called Dolbury-Hill. Between these two hills Chap. IV,] view of Devonshire. ill (you may be pleased to hear a pretty tale,) it is said ( I set not down these words to lessen your belief of the truth of the matter, but to let you know that Nil prseter auditum habeo, — Take it on this condition, It holds credit by tradition,) that a fieiy dragon (or some ignis-fatuus in such likeness,) hath been often seen to fly between these hills, coming from the one to the other in the night season, whereby it is supposed there is great treasure hid in each of them, and that the dragon is the tnisty treasurer and sure keeper thereof ; (as he was of the golden fleece in Colchos, which Jason, by the help of Medsea, brought thence ;) for, as Ovid saith, he was very vigilant, — "A watchful dragon set The golden fleece to keep, Within whose careful open eyes Came never wink of sleep." And these two relations may be as true, one as the other, for anything I know, for this is constantly beheved of the credulous here, and some do aver to have seen it lately. And of this hidden treasure this rhyming pro- verb goes commonly and anciently, — "If Cadbury Castle and Dolbury Hill Jolven were All England might plough with a golden share." Hardly so true as that of Kingston Hill in Cornwall, and yet that needs a strong beHef also : the proverb says, — " Kingston Hill well wrought Is worth London town dear bought." But a discreet gentleman of this country hath, by altering one only word of the verse, made it much more credible, as thus, — " If Cadbury Castle and Dolbury Hill dolven were All England might plough with an iron share." But whether this Cadbury, or North Cadbury in Somersetshire, were Cath- Brigion where famous King Arthur (as Nennius writes,) in a memorable battle defeated the Saxons, you may learn perchance of some other ; it is my part only to move the question. , / / li2 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. But we will retire into Thorverton church to clear our minds of these idle fantasies; (for places dedicated to religious purposes put holy thoughts in our hearts;) and here am I grieved to see wrong offered to the deceased, — the monument of WalHs, of Raddon Court, (so they term the lord's mansion house, where he keeps his law-courts,) fairly beautified and inlaid in brass, utterly defaced : it was a tribe of the chiefest rank ; one of them a knight in the time of Edward I. The daughter and heiress of the last of the name brought this and other good inheritance to Digby in the time of Henry 7th, of which dignous tribe is Sir John Digby, Baron of Shirebum and Earl of Bristol. The chief manor in this parish belongs to the dean and chapter of Exon, the gift of Sir John Wiger, knight, in 1280. Nether-Exe hath taken name and changed it with the river. It hath been enjoyed by divers families, as Tracy, Clivedon, Cruwys, Limpany, and Hurst. Our river cometh now vdth a large extent to Stoke, surnamed of his ancient lords Canon, as belonging to the Canons of St. Peter's of Exon, given, as some say, in perpetuam elemosynam, by King Athelstan ; others say, by a gentleman of that name that lived at Athelstau's-HaU, in the South-hams : but we suppose, by a window in the church, that it was given by that puissant prince King Canutus, or Knott, in the way of expiation of the cruel slaughter which his father, Swayn, the Dane, made of the citizens and monks of Exeter ; for in one of the windows he is portraited with this inscription, — " Stock-Chanon, a place of residency for canons, and belonging to the canons of the cathedral church of Exon." This is but a tradition : this window was not glazed in divers hundred of years after ; nor in his age, nor long after were there any canons ; and therefore I do rather consent to Esquire Athelstan's donation. CHAPTER V. The progress of the River Culme. Now this river we have followed so long shall meet his equal, where you might expect a great and strong contention for superiority; but the river Chap, v.] view of Devonshire. 113 Culme, so called, perchance, quasi Calme, wiU not resist but yields at first encounter, and quietly passeth mingled with Exe. Culme fleeteth, hke the waters of Shiloah, with a slow and still current. It first ariseth near Hackpendown, and nameth three parishes adjoining, as Culm-David, which hath its adjunct from an inhabitant of that name, which tribe was long since worn out ; Culm- Stock, (stock or stow, according to the ancient Saxons' speech, is a dwelling or seat, or place of habitation,) upon Culme. The bishop held this before the conquest by this name. Ufi"culme, or rather Up-culme, is the third place nominated by our river ; wherein is Bradfield, alias Broad-field, de campo lato, the habitation of a race of much respect, Wahond : he married Sydenham ; his father. Ware ; his grandsire, Willoughby. By naming of these three of Culme's children we passed Church- Staunton, which cleaveth so near to Somersetshire that we could not at first sight claim it as our own : now we find it to be anciently our's ; and that Sir Robert Teddington, alias Tuddenham, held it of Joel Vaulter : he of Nicholas Moeles; he again of James Newmarket; and he of the honour of Cayer-Leon. Cley-Hidon took his addition from a tribe of very great estate in his time. Sir John Hidon of Cley-Hidon, and Sir Wilham Hidon of Clist- Hidon, in the time of Edward I. ; the two co-heirs of the house were mar- ried to Carew and Halse. WiUand, which Vitahs held by the name of Wellelond, by one Virge, in the Conqueror's time:* after I find that Prior de Tanton tenet Willelond. Here we have a good augmentation from Burlescombe, ahas Buscomb. It puts us in mind of the ancient tribe of BurUl, which was potent for a while : he was also named Woodland. In this parish is the seat of Cha- nons, alias Channons-Leigh; taldng denomination from the issue of the great Earl of ChaUons, of whose third son came Sir Hardwin ChaUons, and after Sir Peter ChaUons of ChaUons-Leigh, under King John; Sir Ralph under Edward I.; divers other in descent, until Catherine, a daughter and heiress of the family, weakened the strength of their state by strengthening St. Awbin ; yet there remained a branch of the same stock, but planted in another soil. Here Walter Clavile founded a monastery of virgins, vestal, dedicated to the * The Exeter Domesday, fol. 379, b., says that Odo was the Lord of Willelanda, and that Vitalis held it of Odo, and had in domain one virgate, and the Villani had three virgates. — G. O., — P. J. 114 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK II. honour of the blessed Vhgin; and enlarged by Maude, Countess of Clare, wife of Roger Earl of Clare and Hereford, and daughter and heiress to James St. Hilary.* At the surrender, valued at £197. 3s. Id., king Henry VIII. granted it to St. Leger, and he to Culme, though his ancient seat be at Champston, but more ancient at Culme-John ; he married Courtenay; his father, Fortescue; his grandfather, Fry. Ashford is also to be remembered, alias Esseford : anciently possessed by a worthy family of the same name, and flourisheth yet in this age, walking with his white staff, commanding, under our royal sovereign, the whole county for this year, 1630. He married Blewet; his father, Michel; his grandfather, the daughter and co-heiress of Whiting of Wood, in Kentis- bear. But I cannot so leave this place; for though I find John Ashford, of Ashford, in the time of Edward I., and elder in the time of King John, yet I do think good to give this caveat by the way, once for aU, that when you find gentlemen and their houses in name ahke, you be not confident, as some are, to maintain that the house took name of the man ; which in this and many other I cannot conceive to be so, but rather the contrary, the house to give denomination to the possessor ; for who will imagine, think, or beheve, or can yield a reason, why a gentle tribe, or any man, should be called Ash- ford, Grenvile, FuKord, Northcot, and Westcote, with many other the like in this country, but from the place of their habitation : as de Asliford, or de vado fraxino; Grenvile, or de villa viridi; or campo viridi; de Fulford, de vado pleno, or as others, de turpi vado, de Northcot and de Westcote as they are according to the site of their house with the addition of their place. Yet will I not conclude all, for there are some again of the other side also ; but the most part of those places have former names, and their lords' names for some cause, either for virtue, valour, (worthy perpetual remem- brance,) or distinguishing them from other of the hke name, are added to them ; as here presently at hand ; Moore of Moorehays ; a tribe of very good worth and antiquity. He married Coffin ; his father, Bampfield ; his grandfather. Sir John Pomeroy. And next Forde of Forde-More. * Here our author has confounded the residence of the family of Challons, in the parish of Plympton ; nor was he aware that there was a priory of Augustine Canons settled here by Walter de Clavill, almost a century before the convent of nuns was established by the Countess Matilda, after which this house was often called Mynchynleye, — G. O., — P. J. Chap. V.] view of Devonshire. 115 And not far thence is Oreway, possessed by William de Oreway in the time of Henry III.; after by Farringdon, Drake, and Flea. In the com- mons there is a stone yet pitched bearing the name of Oreway-Stone. Holcombe is w^ell known from another so called by the adjunct of Rogus, (not, as some have imagined, of bondmen, called also villains and rogues,) but of an ancient and generous kindred ; for we may read of Sir Rogan, or Rogus Fitzsimon de Holcomb, knight, under Henry II.; and in the time of Henrv III. of Sir Simon Fitz Rogan, of Holcomb, knight ; by the heir general of which line it came to the knightly house of Blewet, who married Portman; his father, Lancaster's heir; his grandfather, Chichester; his but I will stay here lest antiquity prescribes my knowledge far. Robert, of that family, was, in the time of King William Rufus, bishop of Lincoln. We are come with our river to Culumpton, a market town denominated from him, a goodly large parish, and hath two fairs, on 1st. May, and on St. Simon and Jude's day. (28th October.) It was the king's demesne in the elder time; King Alfred gave it by his testament (with much other good lands in this country,) to Ethelward, a younger son of his. In the Confessor's time Godwin held it, and after Othelyne :* King Henry VIII. gave it in exchange to St. Leger, and he alienated it unto divers persons. It hath a fair church and a good tower built in the memory of some yet or lately living, which graceth it much. It hath not many epitaphs ; but some I remember, as — "Hie jacet Johannes Lane, Mercator, hujusque Capelle fundator fuit, cum Thomasina, Uxore sua; qui dictus Johannes obiit 15 die Feb. A. D. 152S." Another, — "Orate pro auimabiis Johaauis Moore, Arm. et Elizabethae Uxoris ejus ; qui quidem Johannes obiit 4*0* die Jan. A. D. 1509. Et Elizabetha;, A. D. 1515." Also of that family, — " Hie jacet Willielmus Moore gen. et Mauritius Moore fraterejus; necnon Dorothea uxor ejusdem Willi : ac omnes eorum Willi : et Dorothea Filii. Hie quidem ab luce migravit 6to. die Decembris A. D. 1518." * The (ruth is, the Conqueror gave it to Baldwin, the Sheriff of Devonshire, and Otelinusheld it under Baldwin. — Exeter Domesday, fol. 306. It continued in Baldwin's family until Amieia, Countess of Devon, in 1278, bestoived it on her foundation, Buck- land Abbey.— G. O.,— P. J. 116 VIBW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. Here is Langford which gave habitation and denomination to the old and long hne of Langford, of whence was Sir Richard de Langford, under Henry III., and after him in descent divers knights. John, the last of the tribe, bestowed it upon Corpus Christi College in Oxford. Their now tenant is Hatch. Another manor is Aller-Peverel, which shows whose inheritance it was. After, in our time, purchased by Sir WiUiam Periam, knight. Lord Chief Baron ; and with the eldest of his co-heirs, it is now the inheritance of Sir John Pole, hart. Pontesford, or Pontford, was held by Philip Basset; Colbrook by ; but enough of this. Here is yet a remnant of the name of Molton. Here falls in a riveret called Waver, which names a manor or two, and springs at Kentisbeare, where Windham possesseth a manor ; and Whiting held Wood, a fair seat and demesne, by one of whose co-heirs it came to be a second seat to Walrond. We pass by Water- staff, and draw near to Bradnese, so namsd when Brightwould held it ; and WiUiam Chievre had it of the Conqueror ; now Bradninge : which is a barony of the earldom, now duchy, of Cornwall. It belongeth to our right noble prince. King Edward II. bestowed it on his dearly beloved favourite. Piers Gaveston ; whom he created, first Baron of WaUingford, and after Earl of Cornwall. It consisteth of three parts. The fee, which is of such gentlemen as hold thereof in knights' service, with wardship and rehef, and suit at court twice in the year. The manor is of such as in ordinary with other manors. The borough, first limited by the lord himself, by charter, (so it was in those days,) by which they challenge to make choice yearly of a mayor, to govern the same, and to have cogni- zance of pleas : and for their better proceeding have a recorder and ser- geants. Tliey have also forches, tumbrel, and pillory; the view of bread and ale, and freewarren. It is very ancient, and so it must be to claim priority and antiquity of Exeter, and yet should seem to have some reason for it, if the proverbial speech be tnie which saith, that the mayor of Exeter is to hold the mayor of Bradninch's stirrup when they meet together, which is strange; and yet no stranger in some men's opinion than for the emperor to do the Uke service to the pope, and that we read hath been done ; but how the pope holds this privilege and continueth it I know not ; but Bradninch (they say,) hath lost it, for which a pretty reason is alleged; but our journey is long, and the reason also, and therefore I cannot stay to Chap. V.] view of Devonshire. 117 deliver it : but howsoever lost, there be gentlemen yet ( I thank God,) hv- ing that have seen the recorder of Exeter hold the recorder of Bradninch's stirrup. You will think perchance it was in merriment ; and to say the truth, so do I also. It hath a weekly market upon , and divers fairs. Then our river Culme cometh to Rew, (which I take to be Culme-Regis,) wliich was anciently held by Ulnod, a Saxon, before the conquest ;* and after by the family of de Sicca viUa, or Sachville; then by Sir Robert de Blakeford and Sir John de Blakeford, knights in Edward XL's reign; and lately Wadham, and now the heirs general of that family. Marsh, a cell of black monks, belonging to Plympton, and with it dissolved, stands in this parish. t Then come we to Huxham, which Robert de Huxham and his successors enjoyed, until it fell unto the female ; and she bestowed it well, with her- self, J in the house of Bamfield, her next neighbour, in Poltimore. Now it rejoiceth to see her banks beautified with so fair a house as Co- lum-John, and therefore spreads her arms so largely in that plain country that it makes a ford the length of a quarter of a mile, wherein you ride alway, the water as high as the beUy of a pretty nag; which place they name Paddle-ford. This was a private retiring house of the earls of this county. By the attainder of the marquess of Exeter it came to the king. Afterwards it lay long vacant, until Sir John Ackland re-edified it and gave it a fairer lustre than before; in which name it flourisheth. I find, in the time of King Edward II., John Culme, of Culm-John, esq., returned by the sheriff upon an inquest ; and Sir Walter de Colum in the reign of Richard I. We are now arrived at Brandford, aUas Branford, to which is added the name of its landlord, Speke, ahas LeEspeke; Su- William Espeke of Branford- Speke. under Edward II., and Sir John Speke, knight, sherift'of this county * Reuuva, perhaps so called from its situation between the Rivers Exe and Culm. The Conqueror gave it to the Bishop of Coutance, and Drogo held it under the Bishop. — Exeter Domesday, fol. 131. — G. O.,— P. J. t This is a mistake of the author ; the Cell stands in the parish of Alphington. A full account is given of it in the Monasticon of the Diocese of Exeter, under the article Plympton. — G. O., — P. J. X Johan, only daughter and heiress of William de Hokesham, in the early part of Edward lll.'s reign.— G. O.,— P. J. 1 1 18 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II the 8th Henry VIII.; and although he be now transplanted into a richer $oi], yet was he as powerful here as there : for there are yet in remembrance certain by-paths over enclosed lands, which they call Speke's Paths, as law- ful for him and his people to ride, go, and drive that way, but for no other; but they are all well near forgotten and shut up now. Here might we expect some violent contention between these two rivers for superiority, but Culme being calm jdeldeth to Exe, who cometh with a strong and swift current, and so united they come to Upton-Pine, some- times called Branford-Pine ; which addition of Pine came from the ancient tribe of great reputation, of Pine. Herbert de Pine possessed it in the age of King John ; and Sir Simon de Pine was near to that time, but whether of this place or Combe-Pine I cannot say. Also Edward Pine, high sheriff in the 10th of Henry IV. The line of them was long, yet the longest day hath its end, and so had this race, falling into the female sex, which entitled Larder therewith ; and by the heir of that name it is now in the possession of a younger house of Copleston. To which seat of Pine, Exe being thus enlarged, is both a pleasant object and profitable neighbour; giving fatness to the soil, and clothing it vnth a green livery verdure of all flowers and vegetables ; and so draws towards Cowley-Bridge : but ere it arrives there it receiveth a large tribute of the pleasant river Greedy. CHAPTER VI. The original and progress of Creedy River. Creedy's first spring is somewhat above Puddington, anciently Pudde- legh ; and Wolsworthy, alias Wolfordsworthy ; both which parishes Richard Spencer, alias Le Despencer held, under Edward I. Puddington is now possessed by Hays. As it passeth Sandford it sees Dowrish, the ancient seat of a generous family of the same denomination, which is very variably written by the scribe or transcriber, for it hath been written Dowre of Dow- re, Dure of Dure, Doubtrich of Doubtrich, Duris of Duris ; and Richard Deurigg tenet Deurigg, in the time of Henry III.: and all these but one Chap. VI.] view op Devonshire. 119 stirpe and one house. One of the tribe was upon the commission at the first creation of justices of the peace. The last married Munck; his father, Walter, married Mary Carew, only sister to George, Earl of Totnes; his grandfather, Farringdon ; his eldest son. Walker. His next neighbour, Bremridge of Bremridge, or rather (as it may be supposed,) of Brem el-ridge; a place full of brambles and briers; hath had the like good fortune for antiquity; that race having enjoyed that place the best part of 400 years, with such a temperate moderation in every succes- sion, that greedy desire of riches hath neither much increased, nor prodi- gality decreased, it. Kennerly, alias Kingwardley, is so little that we had almost passed it unseen. It belonged sometime to St. Cleere; alienated to Dowrish, and now to Northcot. Down St. Mary, or St. Mary's Down, which you please, was the land of Coll of Delbridge, in this county; but now hath seated himself in a fatter soil in Somerset. Chascomb and Ash, or Esse, were held by Mallet. Not far from Bremridge we receive a good large tribute from a riveret coming from Stockley-Luckham, in the parish of Cheriton-Fizpaine. Luck- ham was the seat of Sir Hugh de Luckham in the time of Edward I; now Arundel possesseth it. Poughill of his site, the land of Robert de Kingston, after of Carwythen. There are two other Stockleys; one called Pomeroy, from the ancient family of that name; the other hath the addition oi English. This English possessed it some descents : Sir Robert English under Edward III., a man of good worth and command in the French wars ; by the daughter and heir- ess of his son Robert, named Dionisia, it came to Sir Henry Champernon; now severed among divers persons: in the farm whereof is seated one of the ancient family of Bellew. Then passeth it Uptons, or Uppeton, which hath by his adjunct a kind remembrance of his old Lord Helion, and so called Upton-Hellions. This family was of great estate in the time of Richard CcEur de Lion and at the conquest ; Sir Herveyus de Helion and his posterity ; until an heir female brought it to Dowrish, who bestowed some part thereof, and of Stockley English, and Halsbery, with his daughter, to Snytishill, (now, as I think, Snedhal,) who ahenated it to Carew; whose son, the noble Earl of Totnes, passed it to Young. 120 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [RoOK II, Then Greedy takes on him more strength, and begins to nominate places. And first gives his name to a farm house, which hath since adjoined there- unto Widger, the ancient possessor's name, and therewith commonly term- ed Greedy- Widger; whereof Sir John Widger wrote himself in the reign of Edward I.; since which time it hath had variety of possessors; but now resteth in the possession of a branch of the stock of Reynel of Malston. In his course he passeth the more joyfully for that he seeth so foul a name decked with so fair an house, Foulford,* where Sir William Periam, knight, Lord Ghief Baron of the Exchequer, in the time of Queen Ehzabeth, erect- ed, of a mean habitation, a beautiful and fair house. His zeal in true reh- gion and unspotted integrity in that judicial seat, gained him a due respect of all men, as well as his deep knowledge in the laws; whereby true honour kept him company even to his grave; and returned not (as with many,) with the heralds, by whom he was (according to his degree) laudably inter- red, but will sit over his hearse as long as his monument or memory continues. GHAPTER VII. Of Crediton, and the Bishops thereof. But now our river thinks somewhat better of himself, and gives his / name to his chief son, a borough, a market town, yea more, a bishop's see, / Greedy-town, or the town upon Greedy; which may be said to be two •^ towns, or rather one made of two joined, yet distinguished by the names of the east and west towns — ^the bishop's see and the borough. The Satur- day market being always (two or three days excepted,) kept in the borough, or the western town. It is sited seven miles from Exeter, and was the cathedral church of ^ the bishops divers ages; and the fairest, in his chief state, of thirteen palaces, and richest demesnes : for here he was said to * Commonly called Little Fulford. Foleford, or Voleford, was long the seat of the Dirwyn family. Jane, relict of Robert Dirwyn, made her will on 2nd December, 1391, which was proved 5th April, 1415. Bishop Stafford had licensed an oratory for the family, 29th September, 1413.— Reg. vol. 1, fol. 185.— G. O.,— P. J. Chap. VII.] view of Devonshire. 121 have three fairs ; a fair palace to inhabit in ; a fair park to sport in ; and a fair demesne to walk, thrive, feed, and keep hospitality in. The whole manor and hundred, with the royalty thereof, to which it gives name, and contains five parishes, valued anciently at 1000 marks annuatim, and \vith the sheaf it is little less worth now, you may be well assured. But they are now separated : for a bountiful (that I say, not wasteful,) bishop think- ing it to be too much to be left to his successors, alienated it ; yet was it again recovered, and then again so assuredly reconveyed, that, though proof hath been made, yet it is thought passed aU hope of recovery; and is now the inheritance of Sir Robert Kilhgrew, knight, vice chamberlain to the queen's majesty; and the sheaf in the corporators of Crediton. They keep three fairs; one the third of May, another the feast of St. Lawrence, and the third holy-cross day in September. Their market for kersies hath been very great, especially of the finer sort; (and before the perpetuanos were wrought;) for the aptness and di- ligent industry of the inhabitants (for making such cloth,) did purchase it a supereminent name above all other towns, whereby grew this common pro- verb — as fine as Kirton spinning; (for we briefly call it Kirton;) which spinning was very fine indeed: which to express the better to gain your beUef, it is very true that 140 threads of woollen yarn spun in that town were drawn together through the eye of a tailor's needle; which needle and threads were, for many years together, to be seen in Wathng-street in London, in the shop of one Mr. Dunscombe, at the sign of the golden bottle. The soil is very fertile both for corn and pasture, insomuch as it is grown to a general proverb throughout the whole kingdom — as good hay as any in Denshire ; and here in the country — as good hay as any in Kir- ton; and there — as good as any in my lord's meadow, than which there can be no better; for, considering the quantity of the field, it is a rich plot of land. The bishops of Crediton. — I have told you how the whole body of this county was under the bishop of Tawton; which upon the death of Putta, the last bishop thereof, Eadelphus was installed at Crediton, and taken for the first bishop thereof and named Bishop of Crediton. He was brother to Alpsius, Duke of Devon ; he kept the seat twenty-two years, and was bu- ried in his own church. 122 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK II. ^thelgarus was second, who lived here but two years, and was here buried. In his time King Athelstan separated the Britons from the Saxons by making the river Tamar the boundary of either shire, and new-builded monastery of St. Peter's in Exeter. The next was Algarus, who, having continued ten years, rested there in his own church. The fourth, Alfwoldus, in the time of Dunstan. He was, after sixteen years, buried in his own church. Odogarus, Earl of Devon, in his time builded the abbey of Tavistock. Alwolfas succeeded him; and after he had ruled this see nine years was here interred. The next, and sixth, was Alphredus, who was translated hither from Malmesbury, where he was abbot. In this man's time the Danes burned the abbey of Tavistock, and besieged Exeter. He kept the seat nine years, and was here buried. Sydemanus was the seventh, who, after twelve years, was here buried ; in which time the Danes burned Bodmin in Cornwall, wdth the cathedral church of St. Petrock and the bishop's house there; whereupon the bishop's see was removed thence to St. Germans. (Hooker's catal. of bishops of Exeter.) The eighth was Alwolphus, who continued fifteen years, and was buried here A. D. 1054. In his time Sweno, the Dane, took the city of Exeter, and burned both cathedral church and city, leaving it almost desolate. Next Alnoldus, who, after fifteen years, was here buried. Levigus, or Levingus, was translated hither from the abbey of Tavistock and consecrated bishop. He was nephew to Brythewaldus, bishop of Corn- wall. He obtained to have the bishopric of Cornwall, which had continued some hundred and twenty years, incorporated after his uncle's death, (such was his favour with King Canutus,) as an augmentation to Crediton; which hath continued ever since together united. But Levingus staid here but fifteen years, and removed to Worcester, where he died. Leofricus was here also consecrated, who was so highly in favour with King Edward the confessor, that he removed his see to Exeter, where it now is; and where we will farther attend and wait on his lordship when we come (in our intended journey,) there: for age, and the sharp teeth of time, (and want of reparation,) hath so deeply entered into this palace, that Chap. VII.] view of Devonshire. 123 it is almost utterly demolished, showing only a poor remainder yet living (if I may so say of him that is in a desperate apoplexy,) as relics to poste- rity, to admire the strength, magnificence, beauty, and magnitude it some- time had. This town had also another augmentation of honour as being the birth- place of St. Winifred, the apostle of the Bavarians, Hessians, Frisians, Sax- ons, and Thuringers; for he was born at Crediton, which was a college for twelve prebendaries, which are now vanished. This man being present at the national council, holden at London, under Britwaldus, Archbishop of Canterbury, he obtained letters from him, and Daniel, bishop of Winches, ter, unto Pope Gregory II., who kindly received him, and soon perceived that, for his learning, excellency of memory, integrity of life, and vivacity of spirit, he was fit for great employments, and therefore, naming him Bo- niface, sent him into Germany to those said nations, consecrating him Bishop of Mogunce; [Mentz;] of whom he converted many to the faith of Christ, and wrote divers books, as Bale, in his centuries, recordeth. In fine, being earnest against heathen superstition, he was slain with fifty-four more of his disciples that were his associates, by the river Bour, A. D. 755, ^t. 60. WHhbaldus was nephew to this St. Winifred, a man of generous family, and here also bom; whose acute wit, memory, and facundity of speech, with other good parts, were much admired. When he was grown of suflS- cient age he travelled to see his uncle, and was made Bishop of Eichstadt, where he was buried; leaving divers books of his penning. It hath a fair church well worth our view, wherein these monuments and armories were to be seen. — On a large fair stone in the choir was the picture of "a bishop, inlaid in brass, with escutcheons ; but all is now taken away, with the epitaph also, which was thus rhymed, — " Sis testis, Christe, quod iion jacet hie lapis iste Corpus ut ornetur, sed spiritus ut memoretur. Quisquis eris, qui transieris, sta, peilege, plora ; Sum quod eris, fucramque quod es; pro me, precor, ora." When I see the dead thus wronged, by defacing of their monuments and memory, I cannot forbear to shed tears with Heraclitus; but when I see it done even by those which think, by the like monuments, to eternize their 124 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. own memorv, I cannot but smile with Democritus, and with a late worthy poet, under his name, say, — " I laugh to see how fortune, like a ball, Plays with the globe of this inconstant all : How she disgraceth these, and graceth those ; How, whom she lifts up, down again she throws. Noting their old guise, I laugh at all their new: I laugh at more, but dare not tell it you." There is another more fair monument (of alabaster,) of a knight clad in his armour, with his lady lying by him ; at his feet, a Hon ; at her's, a lamb . It is said to be the interment of Johannes de SuUey, or Silly, and that it had sometime such an inscription — " Dominus Johannes de Sully." He was Baron of Torrington in the time of Edward III. : his seat at Rooks- ford, lately the land of Chichester, andahenated to Davie. His arms in the window, by his tomb, viz, — Arg. three chevrons gul. Also, erm. three chevrons gul. There is also a worthy memorial of Sir William Periam, knight. Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, beautified with his armouries and his son's-in-law, which are as folio weth : — Periam. — Quartering, gu. a chev. ingrailed between three leopard's faces, or. Arg., a chevron between three pears, gul. [Query, if not meant for Calmady. — Az., a chevron between three pears slipt'd, or.] Pehiam. — Arg., two bars under between three hones, sab. Hone. — The 4th as the 1st. Periam impaling Hol- coT, — Lozengy, or and gul. Periam impaled with Parker. — Sab., a buck's face cabossed between two flaunches, arg. Periam impaled with Bacon. — Gu. on a chief arg., two mullets, sab. Pole. — Azure, semee de-lis, or, a lion rampant, argent, impaled with Periam. Basset. — Barry wavy of six or and gul., impaled with Periam. Pointz. — Sab. a chev. between three plates, arg, charged with pales gu, (qy.,) impaled with Periam. Williams. — Ar, a grey- hound current between three daws, two and one, sable; a border engrailed gules, charged with bezants and crosses patee, or, placed alternately, impaled with Periam. There is his true representation in his robes, with this inscription, — " Dormit, non est mortuus ;" Chap. VII.] view of Devonshire. 125 and with this epitaph, — " Here lieth the body of Sir William Periam, knight, who, A. D. 1579, was made one of the Justices of the Court of Common Pleas ; aud from thence, A. D. 1592, was called to be Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer. He married, first, Margery, daughter and heir of John Holcot, of Berks, esq., the widow of Richard Hutchinson, of Yorkshire, esq.; secondly, Anna, daughter of John Parker, of Devon, esq.; lastly, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Nicholas Bacon, knight. Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. He had only issue by the second wife, four daughters aud heirs, viz.: — Mary, the eldest, married to Sir William Pole, of Devon, knight; Elizabeth, the second, married unto Sir Robert Basset, of Devon, knight ; Jane, the third, first married to Thomas Pointz, esq., son and heir to Sir Gabriel Pointz, of Essex, knight, afterwards to Thomas Docura, of Herts, esq.; Ann, the youngest, married to William Williams, esq., son and heir to Sir John Williams, of Dorset, knight. All which his daughters and heirs have issue, now living, by their several husbands. He died the 9th of October, 1605, in the 70lh year of his age, much and worthily reverenced for his religious zeal, integrity, and profound knowledge in the laws of this realm." Near unto it, upon a plain stone, under which lie two of the Northcots, uncle and cousin, are these verses, — " Edmund and Edward Northcot I entomb, Uncle and cousin, in my sacred womb ; One April entomb'd both : — this did decay In his years, April; that in second May." In the windows were these armories, — Brentingham. — Sable, a fess imbat. between three Catherine wheels, or. Stafford. — Or, a chev. gules, on a border azure, eight mitres, or. Lacy. — Azure, three shovellers' heads erazed, argent. Grandisson. — Paly of six, argent and azure, on a bend, gules, a bishop's mitre between two eaglets, or. Booth. — Argent, three boars' heads erazed, erect, sable, a label of three points, gules. AH these were bishops of Exeter, and were set in divers places in this church. Besides these, are — England and France semiquartercd. Courtenay. — Or, three torteauxes, a file of three labels, azure. Courtenay. — Or, three torteauxes, the file charged with nine plates. Courtenay. — Or, three torteauxes, on the file nine mullets argent. Courtenay. — Or, three torteauxes, the file charged with nine annulets. Courtenay — Or, three torteauxes. Courtenay. — Or, three torteauxes, a file of three, azure, impaled with Bohun. — Azure, a bend, argent, cotized between R 126 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. six lions rampant, or. Argent, two chevrons, gules, between three torteauxes. Argent, a chevron, sable, between three roses, gules. Argent, a chevron between three hurts. Gules, on a bar between three birds, argent, an annulet of the first. BoDRUGAK. — Argent, three bends, gules. Trobridge. — Argent, a bridge of three piers, with a fane, gules, on a point under, argent and azure. Davie. — Azure, three cinque-foils on a chief, or, a lion passant, sable, impaled with SoUTHCOTE. — Argent, a chevron, gules, between three coots, sable. Another kind of impaling of Mr. Gale, that had two wives, thus set,— Gale. — Azure, a fess, argent, fretty of the field. Yard. — Argent, a chevron, gules, between three water-bougets, sable. White. — In bust, gules, a chevron between three roses, argent. Some, yea, many other, have been there to be seen, which either time or envy hath wrecked, and so not now discernible. In this parish I should visit divers places of note, and hamlets, and tith- ings, but it would be tedious and perchance yield neither profit nor pleasure to your content : yet I may not pass Spencer's-Comb, now abbreviated Spence-Comb; the seat anciently of the Spencers of this country, who lived here in great estate and reputation; as may appear by the last male of the house. Sir Robert Spencer, who married Eleanor, eldest daughter to Edmund Beaufort, Earl of Moriton in Normandy, Lord of Cirke and Circkland in the Marshes of Wales, Marquis Dorset, and Duke of Somerset ; for such were his titles and dignities in the time of King Henry VIII., for in him he put his chief confidence. By her he had two co-heirs; the eldest, Katherine, married to Henry Lord Percie, Poinings, Fitzpain, and Bryan, and fifth Earl of Northumberland ; Margaret, the second, was wife to Thomas Gary of Chilton- Fohot, second son to Sir William Gary of Gockington, knight, by a daughter of Sir Baldwin Fulford, of whom is the Baron of Hunsdon, Viscount Rochefort, and Earl of Dover, and the Lord of Lepington, Earl of Monmouth; with many other honourable personages. It was lately the inheritance of Prideaux, now dismembered. Divers other generous tribes would be remembered, as Davie of Greedy; he married Stroud and Hele ; his father, Southcote : Gale likewise, who married Furse; his father, Marbury. There are others that are far out of our way, and we shall hardly have the leisure to visit them; as Dunscombe, WiA'el, and others. Chap. VIII.] view of devonshike. i"' CHAPTER VIII. Of the farther progress of the River Greedy, and the places adjacent. Now are we clear of the town of Crediton ; we will follow our river which gives name to a farm house, which yielded the same again to a ge- nerous family, whereof was Johannes de Cridie in Edward II. 's age; after of Bidwel, and Denis, now of Prydham. And as we pass to Newton St. Cyres it receives Fordton water, a pretty bourn that cometh from Hitslegh, where Furse, an ancient name as you shall understand elsewhere, and is increased from Horwel, the most ancient inheritance of the race of Cole- brook; now and long time possessed by Prye. who married Corington ; his father, Slader; his grandfather, Trigamus, GifFard, Trobridge, and Westcote. Then meets it another coming from Copleston, the ancient seat of the great Coplestone. (For so they were termed, and rightly might both for command and estate.) Whence the name should be first derived divers have diversely conjectured; but most yield to this, — at a quartre voies, which we term a cross-way, where four ways meet, near the house there is erected a fair square stone some feet high, and inches in every square, which is termed Copston Stone, whence Cople-stone, or Le-cop-stone. It is a family of high esteem and long continuance, and hath spread his branches fruitfully and largely; yet find I none of them dignified with the honour of knighthood ; contenting themselves, as I suppose, with an here- ditary title of honour, (given to theiB only in this country,) which we tei'm white- spur ; an attribute of honour, now almost worn out of use; yet so is he to this day named, Coplestone the white-spur ; of which title of pre- eminence you may be elsewhere by some better informed : yet this will I tell you ere we part, there be that make four degrees of esquires, and some five ; this is then the fourth and hereditaiy rank. A gentleman of desert, to whom the sovereign intends to give this title, at the time of his creation, leaving other ceremonies, he gives him a silver collar or chain of S.S.S. : and silver spurs; whence in these parts they are called white-spurs; and so distin- guished from knights which wear gilt spurs: and have this prerogative of knights, that they leave this honour descending by inheritance to their heirs, for the right of primogeniture in lineal descent is accompanied with it in perpetuity. The last married Chichester ; John, the father, with Pollard ; 128 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. Christopher, Courtenav and Paulet ; his father, St. Leg-er; and was, as I have said, termed the Great Coplestone: and so he might for estate, he heing rated on the subsidy book, 13th Henry VI., 100£. in terris. These two riverets joining together change their name, and are called Yew and denominate Yewton; which, in the time of Henry III., Johannes de Um- fravile possessed ; after him Arundle: and now the generous family of North- cot; which, with Hayne in Ne-n^'on, sometime the land of Drew, enables him to be a good freeholder. He married Rouse and Pollard; his father, Dowrish; his grandfather. Hill ; his son, the heir of Halswel. These and other his de- mesnes enable the present possessor to hospitahty, which he liberally and with affability gives to those that visit him. Sir Arthur Northcot, his son, married Elizabeth, the daughter and heir of James Welsh of Alverdiscot in Devon, by whom he had issue John, who married Alice Leigh ; and Arthur, who married Margaret Gay : they both died without issue. Secondly he married Elizabeth, the eldest daughter of Sir Francis Godolphin of Cornwall, by whom he had issue Sir Francis ; w^ho, by Anne, daughter of Sir Chichester Wrey of Trebeigh, Cornwall, hath issue. I have found Sir Walter de Forneaux, and after him Sir Matthew, both knights, and the last sheriff in the 4th Edward I., who wrote themselves of Hughton : whether tliis be the same I cannot aver. Yew enjoyeth the name not long, for coming to Fordton-Bridge they name it Foreton- Water, where it sees Trobridge : house and possessor of one and the self-same name. Peter de Trobridge held it under Edward I. This man married Champnys ; his father, Dunscomb and Dowrish ; his grandfather, Bodley. In his passage our river takes in a lill from Tedborn, ahas Tettebom, with the adjunct St. Mary. Thomas de Tetteborn held it, together with Oldridge near it, in the reign of Henry III.; now, as I think. Basset. In this httle church I found a monument with a large epitaph, well worth the transcribing, being the sighs and sobs of a loving husband for his dear wife; so I think it, and so you will find it. — An epitaph by Edward Gee, parson of this church, upon the death of his dear wife, Jane Gee, who deceased the 21st of Februaiy, 1613. — O that in Hymenaeus' books Scarce two years had we lived in bliss, I ne'er had been enrolled : But death took Jane away ; O worth, alas ! my light, my Jane, Envious death ! woe worth my light. Lies here yclad in mould. My Jane lies here in clay. Chap. VIII.] VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. 1-29 Here, Jane, thou liest, to whom Admetus' wife unequal was ; In faithfulness Penelope Thou diddest far surpass. Never was woman to her spouse, Or to her imps, more kind ; A more godly and a modest one Than thee no man could find. Therefore, O happy soul, in peace Eternally remain, In heavens high, where thuu dost In blessed kingdom reign. Yet shall thy features, O my Jane, Out of my heart then slide. When beasts from fields, and fishes all Out of the sea, shall glide. Henceforth I will no more alight Upon a fair green tree ; But as a turtle which hath lost His dear mate, will I be. This brook united with Fordton, and Fordton with Greedy, We pass the two Dunscombes : one the seat of a generous race of the same name ; the other lately of Bodleigh ; from which name I may not pass without a due remembrance of three most worthy brothers of that famdy: (there were five, but two lived privately:) — the first, Sir Thomas, v/ho, employed in regal affairs, discharged them with great commendations, in the time of Queen Elizabeth, and erected for himself a famous, pious, and ever-living monument, and therefore needs not the inscribing of any epitaph; I intend that admirable university library at Oxford, furnished with a multitude (that I say not innumerable,) of choice books, both printed and manuscribed, with excessive charge and indefatigable pains, never sufficiently of me to be remembered and commended. The second was Lawrence Bodley, doctor of divinity, and canon resident of St. Peter's of Exeter, and incumbent of the parish of Shobrook, the place where he and my poor self were first nursed; who was greatly assistant to his brother's chargeable work, and gave a sufficient portion for a continual lecture in Exeter; whose pious zeal and continual assiduity in preaching cannot be overpraised. Sir Josias was the third ; a skilful and vahant leader in the Irish wars against Tyrone and Don John de AquUa. Of these I might enlarge and make a long enco- nium and yet not stray from Albinus' counsel, a valiant commander of the Britons, to the historians of his time offering to write his actions, — " Do that (quoth he) for those that are dead, whom you need neither flatter nor fear." The Greedy receives a good subsidy of the water Oldye that springeth at Gheriton, which hath not yet left the addition of his ancient possessor Fitz- pain, though now in coparcenary, between Harris and Hays; wherein is Stockly Luckham, where Sir John de Luckham, in elder times, inhabited; 130 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK II. and after him Sir. John St. Amend, or de Sancto Amando; now the land of Arundell. Coddeford, which imparted his name to a family; but lately inhabited by Cruwys, and now by Gover. Uppecot, where in time passed lived a race of that name, afterwards the seat of the learned Judge Radford, whose violent untimely death, and by his godson, would require to be spoken of at large; after of Guy; then of a younger branch of the noble family of the Courtenays of Powderham ; by whose daughter and sole heir Moore now enjoys it. In the church are these armories, — In Edgcumbe's Isle: — CoPLESTON. — Argent, a chevron ingrailed gules, between three leopards' faces, azure, impaled with Huyshe. — Gules, fretty of six, and a canton, argent. Rame. — Sable, a ram's head cabossed, argent, attired or, impaled with Durnford. — Argent, a bend wavy, sable. Edgcomb. — Gules, on a bend ermine, cotized or, three boars' heads coiiped, argent, impaled with Rame. Bigbury. — Azure, an eagle displayed, or. In Prowse's Isle: — Prowse. — Argent, a bar, sable, between three ogresses. Sable, a chevron between three eagles' wings, under each a leg. Radford. — Sable, three man- tigers passant, argent. Sable, a chevron, argent, between three broad arrows, or, head and feathers argent, [qy., Floyer.] Argent, achevron, sable, between three barnacles proper, Courtenay, — Or, three torteauxes, a file of three labels, azure, each charged with three plates within the royal garter. Treasurer of St. Peter's, Exon, — Gules, a saltire ingrailed between four leopards' heads, or, im- ■ paled with Dinham. — Gules, four fusils in fess ermine. Fitzpain. — Argent, a pair of wings in lure, gules. Argent, on a bar, azure, between three stags' heads in chief, or, and three pheons in base, sable, a bishop's mitre of the third. So it passeth through Stockley, having addition of his ancient lord, Pomeroy, by him alienated to Amerideth, and by him to Davie. I find it to be some- time the possession of Robert de Stockhay; and in those times both names might be but one. Then comes it near CoUis- Combe, belonging sometime to a priory, after of Dennis, now Isack. Then it divides Shobrook parish in two parts, or rather Raddon and Shobrook ; for they were sometime two distinct parish- es ; (and at the union of churches, for want of sufficient maintenance in several, Raddon was joined to Shobrook;) which manors have had many changes of possessors in late years. Shobrook had Fitzstephen and Hac- Chap. IX.] view of Devonshire. 131 comb, Lerchdeacon, Courtenay, Vere, Carew, Periam, Basset; and now it resteth in Reynel. 'Tis vicissitude that maintains the world. It passeth near Pennicot, the inheritance of a generous family of Pointingdon. CHAPTER IX. Of the progress of the River Creedy to Cowley -Bridge, where it joins with Exe. Here Culver joins with Creedy, where the river leaves his name, and it was the habitation of a noted family of the same name, whereof I find Johannes de Creedy; of late years, Bidwel, Dennis, and now by alienation, Prydham. Creedy here seems to vaunt of the fruitful soil he passeth through, (which never proves ungrateful to the labourer for his pains, nor deceiveth the husbandman's hope of expected or wished encrease,) thinking it the richer for being bathed by his stream, and so it is found in- deed to be. So it comes to Newton, for distinction from other, having the adjunct of St. Cyres; in passed ages held by the prior of Plimton; now in copersignory between Northcot and Quick, both of them being there fairly seated : Northcot at Hayne, whose daughter and heir, Mary Drew, Walter Northcot married on 17th May, 1585. Below this place falls in the Jackmoor water, whose first spring is at Rad- don, alias Red-Down Top, taking name of the colour of the soil, for the earth turned with the plough shows a deeper red dye than any hill adjoining; and it is neither strange nor unusual that the tincture of the soil gives some ad- dition to the names of hills, places, rivers, seas, and lands : as in Lancashire, the Red-Bank; in Cheshire, the Red- Rock; in Hertfordshire, Black- Water; this noble island, Albion, ab albis rupibus; and between Egypt and the promised land of Canaan, the Red- Sea, which gave passage to the children of Israel ; and many other, over-many indeed to be particularly named, being so in most languages and countries. Raddon hath, with Shobrook, (in which parish it stands,) seen the variation and interchangablc vicissi- tude of many possessors: — John de Stockhay, John at Raddon, Martin Audleigh, Courtenay, Troutbeck, Hillary, Talbot, Dennis, and now the poor 132 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. seat of vour simple guide the author hereof, Thomas Westcote. On the height of the hill, which we call Raddon Top, was some time a large kind of forti- fication, now well near made even, by the plough, ^vith the other ground. There, in the fair walk of the length of a quarter of a mile, or more, in a clear day you may see the city of Exeter, the town of Crediton, and well near twenty parish churches besides. Then by Yendicot, which Philip de Yendecot held in time of Richard II., and after the change of many possessors it is held now by Tross; near it possesseth Stenson, ahas Stephenstown, long time the inheritance of Ash- ford; andbyBidwel, alias By-the-weU; anciently possessed by one of the same name, whose armories are quartered by Dennis and Gary; but the farm in Kyrkham's possession. At Marsh-House (so named of its site in Wet-marsh-land,) it falls into Greedy. This was the seat of Kirkham; after of Barnhouse, whose sole heir, married to Southcote, had two co-heirs, the one married to Ridgeway, of whom is Sir Thomas Ridgeway, knight, created by King James, Baronet, 25th November, 1612, and shortly after Earl of London-Derry ; the other to Su- Anthony Rouse, and from him to Northcot. Here our river (though in his greatest strength and fullness,) falls into a melancholy fit, and, as loath to be seen, creeps by the side of a high hiU, under two bridges near together, and sinks deep into the earth, and, at Gowley, desperately drowns herself in Exe, where is the seat of Skinner. Hence Gowley-Bridge, built of fair square stone, takes name ; where Exe musters gloriously, being bordered on each side with profitable mills, fat green marshes and meadows, (enamelled with a variety of golden spangles of fragrant flowers, and bordered with silver swans,) makes a deep show as if she would carry boats and barges home to the city ; but we are opposed by Exwick wear ; and indeed wears have much impaired his lustre and portable ability, which else might have brought his denominated city rich merchandise home to the very gates, which hath endured (to their great damage,) the want thereof many years : the occasion thus : — This river was navigable from Exmouth, where it falls into the sea, unto the city gate (being eight miles distant,) until the time of Baldvdn the 4th and Baldwin the 5th of that progeny Earls of Devon. After whose death Isabella (daughter of the first and sister and heir of the last,) married to WiUiam de Fortibus, Earl of Albemarle and Lord of Holderness, and of him Chap. IX.] vietw of Devonshire. 133 named Isabella de Fortibus, having the two manors of Exminster and Top- pish am, one on the east and the other on the west side of the river, erected certain wears thwart the river for the benefit of her mills, which to this day bear the name of Countess-wears, leaving yet between the wears a convenient length of thirty feet for barks and other such vessels to pass to and from the city. This was about the year of our salvation 1250: and thus it con- tinued unto the time of Hugh the second of that name. Earl of Devon, about the year 1313; who, taking displeasure of the city, stopped the main current of the stream, to the great and continual detriment of the city. Edward, his grandson proceeded yet farther, and made two other wears, at St. James' and Lampreford, cross the river, building a quay or pier at his town of Toppisham, (three miles from the city,) for the landing of all mer- chandise, to the great gain of the inhabitants for portage and otherwise. There was no hope a long time to redress this inconvenience, until, in these later times, by an ingenious device, a new channel was cut and part of the river, by sluices, conveyed and kept for the more convenient and cheaper carriage of their wares from Exmouth . It is plentifully stored with fish, as trout, peal, dace, and pickerel, (in outlets and standing pools,) but especially salmon, which is highest priced, for that it is reputed to excel, in that kind, those in other rivers, being never out of season : but these fishes are of the less esteem by means of the great variety and abundance of delicate sea fish brought hither from the south and west parts of this shire and Cornwall; wherein no city in Great Britain may equal it: but hereof sufficiently hath been already spoken. This heavy sad discourse hath spent half the way between Cowley-Bridge and the city; and as it hath grieved the citizens, so it seems by your coun- tenance it hath saddened you also, which must not be so in any case : I will rather endeavour, by another pleasant tale of the place we are now come at, named Derwood, to pass the other half of the way, and bring you merry into the cit}' . This speaks the tradition : — One Dyrwood, Lord of the demesnes and manor ( I think) of Dyrwood, (some half mile forth of the north gate of the city,) a man given altogether to gluttony and riot, and, as the sequel shows, of no great discretion, and less careful of his estate, passed away most of his possessions, and in fine had nothing left but only this large and spacious demesne, which he also offered to sell, and to have nothing else for it but only his diet for one s 134 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK II. whole year, but it must be of choice cheer; nothing else but the skins of roasted geese, which he called goose-veils. The agreement was made, and at the year's end he was to make dedi et concessi, which he denied to do, by making a question ( by some wiser man's advice,) whether they would swear he had eaten the skins of geese only, and none of ganders : and for that they would not swear that directly, he was cleared (as the tale saith,) of the bargain. But not long after he covenanted with the magistrates of the city to pass it unto them for as much money as he could bear, or for as many pieces of silver (which we now call old groats,) as would lie, one by one, in a lineal row, between Dyrwoodwell and the great conduit which stands in the umbril point of the city : he made choice of his burden of silver, which was paid him. But within a few years after he comes that way, having spent all and being in great want and penury, refreshed him- self with a draught of the water of the well, and with many sighs and sobs woefully cried out "O Dyrwood ! Dyrwood ! had I known thy water to be so sweet I would never have sold thee." I cannot aver this for a truth, neither perchance will you take it so ; but it is a tale of great age and often reported, and not unfit to give a caveat to young men, that they draw not hastily manors and farms through their throat, lest such morsels choke them; or lay them too heavily on their backs, and so break them. By this time are we come to Exbridge, where was sometime a ferry; but the citizens (as records speak) built this fair bridge, whereunto one Walter Gervais was a special and bountiful benefactor, giving all his rents and lands to the perpetual maintenance of the same ; and he and his wife were buried upon one of the piers thereof, whereon was erected a chapel; which being in these days alienated to a dwelling house, the monument was demolished, and no more memory of so charitable and liberal-minded man left to pos- terity but what I have here told you. Now you may be frohc, for though in this travelling discourse I have (as I doubt) tired your utmost patience by guiding you, as the poet sung, — " By the hills, by the dales, By the deserts, and the vales," yet have I now found fit opportunity to give refreshment to your bodies, and to recreate and exhilarate your spirits, by conducting you into this plea- sant little city of Exeter, of which we have so often made mention, and is Chap, X.] view of Devonshire. 135 now in our view : we are at the gate, here you cannot fail of kind entertain- ment, bountiful cheer, good discourse, variety of pleasing objects ; the sight of some, and the hearing, if you please, of learned sermons; but if your expectation be frustrated and I fail of my liberal promise, let the imputation charge me, (though I do my best, and therefore deserve to be excused,) and essoine the rev. clergy, worthy magistrates, and kind gentlemen and citizens, who can and will amend it at some other time, when they please. And here is a convenient place for me to crave pardon of the noble knights and learned gentry of this province, if I have moved their spleen by my presumptuous undertaking to entertain and conduct you through this shire, (the unablest of a multitude,) that, having posse-comitatus, could have done it more directly and ordered your journey by a straighter mea- sure, pleasanter ways, abbreviating the tedious length thereof with ele- ganter discourses, larger histories, interlaced with fairer conceits, showing more ancient descents, pregnant with variety of antiquities and multiplicity of old and new armouries, with choice of selected epitaphs, with a much more full copy and exact register of the worthies of all degrees and quali- ties of this county; with a more perfect exemplification and ample relation of their famous actions : all of which you may expect of them hereafter. For when I saw them all straining courtesy at the present, who should begin, (having ever loved good fellowship, and to be accounted rather for- ward than froward,) began to lead the measure, and have plainly guided you thus far in your journey; wherein, if I have casually erred upon relation of others, or in my own imbecility and misunderstanding, ( humanum est errare,) I will only alledge the apology of the worthy and ancient poet Lu- cretius, for the like cause: — "Avia Pieridum peragro loca, nullius ante trita solo." I tread a pathless way and seek it out Where yet no former muse hath set her foot. CHAPTER X. / / Of the Antiquity and divers Names of the City of Exeter. This fair city, now the object of sight, is the emporium of the western parts; very pleasantly seated on a hill (gently arising among other hills,) X 136 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE [BoOK II. with an easy ascent, and therefore anciently called Pen-Cair, also Penhalt-Cair, the head or chief city. It declines towards the west and north parts after such a manner, that be the streets never so foul, yet with one shower of rain they are presently cleansed and made sweet; as is sung of Hierusalem, — " For one fair flood doth send abroad His pleasant streams apace, To fresh the city of our God And wash his holy place." That it hath been also anciently called Corinia, or Corinea, is very apparent; but that it had denomination from Corineus the Trojan, who, for his valour, was, presently after his arrival with Brutus into this land, first created Duke of this province and Cornwall, I cannot aver; I have it not upon so sound a warrant as I dare trust, for Cicester was also, by Ptolemy, called Cori- neum, yet no man will believe from Corineus, It is of great antiquity, far beyond the opinion of some, who think it in rerum natura, at most but an embryo in the time that Claudius, the Roman Emperor, sent hither Vespasian, A. D. 49. For it is manifestly apparent by many, and those authentic writers, that King Arv'iragus, the commander of Britain, wilhng to preserve the freedom of the nation, and repining to be subject to the Romans, (so far remote,) and longer to suffer their domi- neering, under so heavy a yoke of subjection and tribute so great, which held the same. Whereupon Vespasian, dux exercituum Romanorum, was sent hither from Claudius the Emperor to receive the tribute, or conquer and subdue the whole land. His first landing was at Porta Rutupii, now Richborough ; but being there strongly resisted, sailed into these west parts and landed in this county at Dodonesium, or Totonesium Littus, ( Totnes or Torbay,) and marching into the inland country beleagured this city of Exeter, which Ar- viragus understanding, hasted hither with all possible speed, and encoun- tered the Roman duke; but after a long fight, neither party prevailing, a parley being by Genissa (wife of Arviragus and daughter of Claudius,) procured, a cessation of war was granted, and a loving league in short time concluded, and the tribute continued. The chronicle of the chm-ch delivers it after this manner: — " Vespasianus cum Romano exercitu, ci^atatem nunc vocatam Excester, Chap. X.] view of Devonshire. 137 octo obsedit diebus sed minime prsevaluit, Arvirago rege civibus auxilium prsestante." Geoffry of Monmouth speaks almost in the self-same words. Fabian, the author of Nova Chronica de Gestis Anglorum, and Matthew of Westminster have delivered it in the self-same sense, though much amplified in words. The Roman writers differ somewhat from these, in computation of times ; supposing Arviragus, the second son of KimbeHne, not to reign in the time of Claudius, but some thirty-six years after his death, in the time of the Emperor Domitian. But you may not think that I intend to maintain this city in. its infancy or tender years to be such as now it is, for I am otherwise taught by Csesar, who, to- express how he found it at his arrival here, writes thus : — " The Britons call some thick woods, that they have enclosed and fortified vnth rampire and dike, a town; which they make for places of strength, retreat, and refuge, to avoid the incursions of the enemy and borderers." And Strabo saith, "woods are to the Britons as towns and cities; for when they have, by felling down of trees, fenced, paHsaded, or barricaded, rather a round spacious plot of ground, there they build, for habitation and retreat, halls and cottages." Such, perchance, might this be at first, and thereof to take name, as Pen-cair-hul-goit, or Cair-pen-hul-goit, which signifieth the chief town in the wood; for so the ancient Britons termed it. Also, Pen-halt-cair, the chief or head town on the hUl; as it is to be seen in a traverse between the bishop, dean, and chapter of the one party, and the commonalty of the same of the other, in a long and tedious suit concerning their Uberties: for that I cannot understand that it is yet clearly ended, but that there is a remainder of some stomaching even to this age. Our neighbours, the Cornishmen, in their (now almost extinct) language, call it Pencair, the head or chief city; and Cair-Uske, the city of Uske, or Exe; as taking name from the river; and Cair-Ruthe, the red city; or si- tuate on red earth or lull, as indeed it is. It was also written Exancester: with the ancient British names it continued many years, until the Romans' arrival, who gave it the addition of Augusta; for so Humphry Lloyd, in his Breviary of Britain, termeth it. And it appears apparently to be the same ( all opposition notwithstanding,) that Ptolemy names, in his Cosmography, Isca, et Legio Augusta Secunda, of the second legion residing here. And Antoninus, Isca Danmoniorum. The addition of Augusta I take to be but an attribute of augmentation of honour, full of J 38 VIEW OP nEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. majesty and eminency; and was, by the Romans, given to great and flour- ishing cities, as London, &c.: for Dio saith of the Emperor Octavius that he was named Augustus, as one most royal and majestical in the chiefest degiee, even above the nature of man; and so, after him, things sacred, excellent, and of high estimation, were titled Augusta: which title being added to this city showed it was then so, or they hoped it would be, or wished it should be; and so now it is. The next conquerors were the Saxons and their associates, who, for the honour of their victories and intention to perpetuate their habitation here, and language withal, altered the names of many towns, castles, and ma- nors; and this city, with the rest, was new-named Munckton, for that it seemed to them to be inhabited by monks and no other people; such store there were here in those days: as Newcastle-upon-Tyne was also called Munckchester, the monks' city. It held this name until King Althestan (some 300 years after,) came hither to subdue the rebellious Britons; and confining them beyond the river Tamar, encircled this city with a fair strong high turreted wall of squared stones ; which formerly was, perchancCj but immured with earthen walls and palisadoes; and new named it (or rather restored it the ancient name) Exeterra, or Esse-terra; Exeter, or the city situate upon the river Exe: as Polydore writeth, " Est Exonia urbs Devo- nise comitatus, loco praecelso ad occidentem versus posita; abluiturque flu- mine Exea a quo nomen habet. CHAPTER XI. Of the Situation and Places worthy observation in this City. This city is seated in a salubrious air, exceeding pleasantly for the in- habitants, and commodiously likewise for the whole country for their con- venient assemblies. For though I cannot say it stands equally in the midst thereof, as the yolk in the egg, or centre in a circle, yet opportunely and convenable for the farthest remoted, in a day's travel, for general meetings. It stands on a hill among many, the whole country being mountainous and Chap. XL] view of Devonshire. 139 fiill of little hills about it; towards the sea, at the mouth of Exe, only ex- cepted. In form, rather circular than square; and in circumference near 1600 paces, (allowing five feet to the pace,) which is somewhat above a mile and half : and though it be highly placed, yet is it well supphed with water both in itself and neighbouring springs conveyed in leaden pipes. The four principal streets are from the four great gates, which take name from the four quarters of the heavens, west, east, north, and south, and meet in the umbril of the city, where standeth a great water- conduit, and the place called Carfoix, which I think more properly Quatrevois ; and di- vides the whole into four quarters, or several parts. In the north-east, in the most high and eminent part thereof, (as com- manding the whole,) stands I may yet say so, an old ruinous castle called Rugemount, whose gaping chinks and aged countenance presageth a down- fall ere long; yet hath it not any occasion to complain either of battery, undermining, or fire, but rather of age, storms, and neglect. (The ruin of most edifices.) ^\nience it takes name is questioned as doubtful, unless of the redness of the soil whereon it is seated, or of the like colour of the stone wherewith it is built: (as is formerly said of the whole city:) neither is the first foun- der known, but supposed to be the structure of Julius Caesar, or some em- peror his successor, or their deputies, when they lorded here; which is avouched confidently by John Lidgate in his Sei-pent of Division, where he saith, that Julius Csesar built in this land divers castles and cities for the remembrance and perpetuity of his name, as the castle of Rochester, Can- terbury, and one not far from Dover, with the most ancient part of the tower of London. The castle or town of Csesar's-Bury, now Sarum or Sa- lisbury; re-edifying also Caesar's- Chester, or Chichester, and the castle of Exeter: and upon this word, re-edifying, some will have it more ancient: but the books of accompt being lost, no man can certainly guess at the pay- master or time. And although it be strongly opposed, I cannot but think that a Roman legion was here settled ; and that this Isca Danmoniorum (or Danmonio- rum- Augusta, rather, as Ptolemy and Antoninus,) as of the second legion Augusta here residing. But Mr. Camden, whose authority is greater than to be opposed, will have it to be at Isca Silurum, Cair-Leon, or Uske, in Monmouthshire ; which he conjectureth, and the rather affirmeth, by the 140 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. finding of a certain image of Diana with other such tables and altars ; nei- ther of which can I produce for our Iska. But some eight years since two or three labourers, making a dike to fence a plot of ground, a small way distant from the castle, where no dike was in former times, they found cer- tain bricks three feet deep in the ground, and under them a httle pot of the same matter wherein were divers pieces of Roman coins, both silver and gold ; the youngest of them was of Antoninus Pius, and could prescribe for antiquity 1500 years, whereof thirty came to my hands, most of them of divers stamp and fair, which I intended to have exhibited to your view, for the better illustration and clearer manifestation of this matter, had they been now in my custody, with divers other found not far off that place. Somewhat nearer the castle, about the same time, there was found in a garden a fair ring, in which was a beautiful stone set and thereon engraven the true idea of Cleopatra with the asp at her breast. I was desirous to have seen those bricks found with the coin, which I suppose, in regard of the largeness, were rather altars than common bricks, but the poor fellows were so greedy for the money, that they neglected them, that they never came to sight. But to turn back and seek the founder of our castle. There be that suppose it to be the work of the Saxons in the heptarchy of this land, for then some West Saxon king might make this city his royal chamber, and fortify the castle for his better security against the un- tameable Britons. To those that pretend a right therein to the Danes I must answer, it is of all other the most unprobable and unlikely; for they won this city twice, and with their destroying feet trampled on the beauty thereof, and religi- ous houses therein, and after consumed it with fire ; for those unchristian heathen hated the religion as much as the people, and dealt with it as the Chaldeans did with Hierusalem, of whom it said, — " The cruel words of Edom's sons, When, as with one accord, They cried on, sack, and raze those walls, In despite of the Lord." In this castle the chiefest princes and rulers of this province made their ha- bitation, the last of whom were the Hollands, Dukes of Exeter ; and Henry, the last of them, that lived in it. The amplitude and beauty thereof cannot Chap. XL] view of Devonshire. 141 be discerned by the ruins ; but for those davs it was of good strength, but now, as the poet said, — " Magnum nil nisi nomen hahet." Great only in name, And nothing else of fame. Nothing remaining to be seen but the bare walls. — The gate and tower adjoining it, and a ruinous chapel built by Isabella de Fortibus,* and by her endowed with the prebends of Hays and Cutton for continual prayer to be said; and a spacious hall and rooms newly re-edified for the judges at the assizes, the justices at the quarter sessions, and the shire clerk for his monthly courts. This is now much differing from what it hath been, as a body grown old and wasted with diseases and maims from one young, lusty, and healthful : too great a morsel for time suddenly to devour. Concerning the name of this Castle Rugemount, this tale is reported, — when Richard III. came into these parts for repressing some feared insur- rection supposed to be nourished in behalf of Henry Earl of Richmond, and to take some order for withstanding his landing in these western countries, he came to this city, and surveying the same and also the castle, he de- manded the name ; to whom was answered, Rugemont ; upon which reply, omining some sinister event, he hasted presently forth, doubting perchance the ruin of some wall, his conscience prompting him that he deserved some violent death or sharp punishment, (for he was held a very ill man, yet a good king,) which at last befell him, saying unto some that were near him, "that name presageth me no good, but evil." It may be some wizard or wise woman had told him (as the spirit raised by the witch of Endor told King Saul,) his destiny. But it befel him as to others in like case that give credit to such divina- tions. For a plain example thereof he might have read of one of his pre- decessors, Henry IV., to whom (as it is written,) it was directly told that he should end his life no where but in Hierusalem ; whereupon in his latter days he got together great treasure, under pretence that he intended to travel into the holy land for the recovery of that city, where it was appointed * This statement is incorrect : it was certainly founded a century and a half before that time. See Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum, vol. 6, page 54. G. O., — P. J. T 142 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. that he should end liis days ; but falling suddenly sick at Westminster, he was carried into a chamber of the abbot's, where lying, he demanded what name the chamber had : it was answered, Hierusalem : then the king, with a heavy deep sigh, said, "then here is an end of my intended voyage," and so shortly after died. So King Richard, fearing the Castle of Rugemont in Exeter, found it at Bosworth in Leicestershire, where he was slain by the Earl of Richmond. For as one saith, — " Thus Satan doth deceive us with equivocy That seek of him to know our destiny." Before we depart from tliis castle (now the ruins of time,) in regard it was the seat in this city of those that enjoyed the honour to be styled dukes, marquesses, or earls thereof, I think it most fit in this place to give you a catalogue of such nobles as have borne those titles, with their wives, chil- dren, and arms. CHAPTER XII. Of the Dukes, Marquises, and Earls of Exeter. Of Holland, Duke of Exeter. — Sir John Holland, knight, second son of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, and of his wife Joan, daughter to Edmund Plantagenet, surnamed of Woodstock, sixth son to Edward I., and heir to her two brothers, Edmund and John, both successively Earls of Kent, was created, m the 1 1th year of Richard II., Earl of Huntingdon ; and in the 21st year, Duke of Exeter; and upon the surrender of Aubry de Vere, Earl of Oxford, of the office of great chamberlain of England, had that office also by letters patent, bearing date the same year. He married Elizabeth, daughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and Blanch his wife; and had issue first, Richard that died young ; second, John his successor; third, Edward that died issueless ; Constance, first married to Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, banished by Richard II., and after to Sir John Gray, Lord Gray of Ruthin. Chap. XII.] view of Devonshire. 143 This Duke, in the 1st year of Henry IV., was, by parhament, deposed from his dukedom, and after, in the same year, beheaded at Cicester. He bare the arms of Edward, King- and Confessor, with a label, and therewith impaled England with a bordure of France. Thomas Beaufort, son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, begotten on the Lady Katharine Swinford, his third wife, was created Earl of Perth, and Earl of Dorset, Lord Admiral of England, Captain of Calais, and Lord Chancellor of England the 12th of Henry IV.; and in the 4th of Henry VI., Duke of this city of Exeter. He had the leading at the battle of Agincourt, of the rereward; and the government of King Henry VI. committed to him during his minority. He married Margaret, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Nevil of Hornby Castle, but sans issue. He died at his house at East- Greenwich in Kent, and was buried at St. Edmunsbury in Suffolk, leaving the king his heir. He bears France and England, a border, gobony arg. and azure. John Holland, son of John aforesaid, was Earl of Ivory in Normandy, Lord of Sparr, Lieutenant General of the Duchy of Aquitaine, Lord Admiral of England, Constable of the Tower of London, and A. D. 1443, created third Duke of Exeter at Windsor. He married, first, Ann, daughter of Edmund Earl of Stafford, by whom he had Henry his successor : his second wife was Ann, daughter of John Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, and by her had issue only a daughter named Ann; first married to John Lord NevU, son and heir of Ralph Nevil, second Earl of Westmorland, sans issue: she was re-married to Sir Thomas Nevil, uncle to her former husband, by whoin she had issue Ralph, the third Earl of Westmorland : and thirdly she mar- ried James Earl Douglas. This duke died the 26th of Henry VI., and was buried in St. Katharine's Church, near the Tower of London, by his two wives. He bears as his father before him, Henry Holland, only son of John, was the fourth Duke of Exeter, and Earl of Huntingdon. In the 1st year of Edward IV. he was, together with Henry Duke of Somerset, and Thomas Earl of Devonshire, disinherited by act of parliament; and in the 13th was found dead in the sea, between Dover and Calais : yet he had married the king's sister, Anne, daughter of Richard Duke of York, but had no issue. She was married secondly to Sir Thomas Saintleger, knight. His arms as his father's. Henry Courtenav, Baron of Okehampton, Earl of Devon, son of William 144 VIEW OF DEVOXSHIRE. [ BoOK II. Courtenay, Earl of Devon, and Katharine his wife, daughter of King Ed- ward IV., was created Marquis of Exeter the 18th of June, 1525. The 17th year of Henry VIII. he married, first, Elizabeth, daughter and heir of John Gray, Viscount Lisle, but without issue: secondly, he man-ied Ger- trude, daughter of WiUiam Blunt, Lord Mountjoy, and heir to her mother, daughter and heir to Sir William Say, knight, by whom he had issue Ed- ward Earl of Devon. This Lord Marquis was of no long continuance, for he was attainted and executed for high treason 31st December, 1538; soon after his wife, Gertrude, was attainted also, but not executed. He bear- eth France and England within a b ordure counter quartered of the one and other. Quartered with or, three torteauxes (Courtenay,) and or, a lion rampant, azure, armed and langued gu. Rivers. Sir Thomas Cecil, Baron Burlegh, after this dignity had lain silent from that age to the reign of King James, was honoured with the title of Earl of Exeter, by letters patent bearing date at Greenwich the 4th day of May, in the 3rd year of the king's reign. He was son to Sir William Cecil, Lord Burlegh, Lord High Treasurer of England, the Nestor of his age. He married to his first wife, Dorothy, daughter and one of the co-heirs of John Nevil, Lord Latimer, and had issue five sons and six daughters: — first, William Lord Burlegh; second. Sir Richard Cecil, knight; third. Sir Ed- ward Cecil, knight ; fourth, Thomas Cecil; fifth, Christopher Cecil, drown- ed in Germany : first, Lucy, married to WilMam Pawlet, Lord Marquis of Winchester; second, Mildred, married to Sir Thomas Read, knight, secondly to Sir Edmund Trafford, of Lancashire, knight; third, Mary was wife of Sir Edward Denny; fourth, Elizabeth, first vrife to Sir WiUiam Hatton, knight, after whose decease she was second wife to Sir Edward Coke, knight. Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench and one of his Majesty's most ho- nourable Pri\'y Council; fifth, Dorothy was married \mto Sir Giles Ailing- ton, of Horse-Heath, knight; sixth, Frances, wife to Sir Nicholas Tufton, knight. This Earl married to his second wife, Frances, daughter of WiUiam Lord Chandos, the relict of Sir Thomas Smith, knight, and had by her only one daughter, Anna- Sophia, that died young. WUliam Lord Burlegh, son and heir, succeeded his father; who married to his first wife, Ehzabeth, the only daughter and heir of Edward Manners, Earl of Rutland and Lord Roos , by whom he had William, his son, com- Chap. XIII.] view of Devonshire. 14.5 monly called Lord Roos, vv^ho married Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir Tho- mas Lake, knight, principal secretary, and died sans issue. He married, secondly, Elizabeth, sister and co-heir to Sir Robert Drewry of Halsted, in the county of Suffolk, knight, and had issue by her Elizabeth, married to Sir Thomas Howard, (second son to Thomas Earl of Suffolk,) Knight of the Bath at the creation of Prince Charles, A. D. 1616; Diana, a second daughter; Ann, the third, married to the Lord Grey of Groby. He bear- eth barways of ten pieces, arg. and azure on six escutcheons, sab., as many lions ramp, of the first. CHAPTER XIII. Of the Monasteries and Aims-Houses belonging to the City of Exeter. Now, if you please, let us look and see with our eyes, and pity with our hearts, to see the pious devotion of our ancestors ruinated, their godly pur- poses being abused ; for here you may behold the carcases of four religious houses sequestered from worldly affairs and consecrated to prayer and reli- gious uses. The one a monastery of Black Friars, of whose founder we find no cer- tain record; but it is thought to be built about the 34th year of Henry III., and surrendered the 30th of Henry VIII. Then the Gray Friars, Franciscans, first founded in Irlesbury, now ge- nerally called Friern-hays, A. D. 1250; after removed thence without the south-gate of the city A. D. 1293. Another was the Hospital of St. John Baptist within the east-gate of the city, which was a priory of canons regular founded by two brethren, Gilbert and John Long, sons of John Long, merchants of the city; and at the surrender valued at £102. 12s. 9d. : after it was the land of Carew; and now lately purchased by a gentleman, and yet a merchant and the son of a merchant, and magistrate of the same city; with the first founders' pious intent to continue the name but alter the quality of the inhabitants; that the second dedication may equal, if not exceed, the first, making it an hos- 146 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. pital for poor, and education of orphans; if the hke envy which was in ^sop's cur, that would neither eat the hay himself, nor suffer the labouring ox to feed, hindereth not this hopeful purpose, and the perpetual benefit of the city. The fourth by the name of the Priory of St. Nicholas, for Benedictine Monks; being a cell to Battle Abbey in Sussex. This and the first (as I now find,) were erected by WUham the Conqueror, A. D. 1066; value at the surrender, — £147. 12s. Od. The 'vdew of these will give us cause to remember, and so to consider, how charitable and devout our predecessors were, (in the times termed blind and ignorant,) and so either move and persuade us to the Uke actions, or condemn us in our greater knowledge and lesser charity. But those former votaries and rectors, abusing the intent of their pious founders, accumulating treasure and purchasing manors, whereby pride and excess entered among them, whereby disdaining the laity, their first bene- factors, they laid themselves open to envy, which soon blasted their flowers and wholly subverted them, by plucking them up with the very roots. Of the alms-houses. — Now after the great vicissitude and alteration of these ancient religious strxictures, let us seek to find somewhat that may il- lustrate this latter age with the honour of charitable actions of some well- disposed people. Here may you see Grendon's alms-houses for poor old women, called the Ten Cells. Secondly, St. Ann's Chapel. Thirdly, Mary Magdalene's whereunto one Orange, a citizen was a great benefactor; who, being infes- ted with the leprosy, humbly accepted thereof, and leaving his own house, dwelt in this house among them. Then Wynard's and Hurst's alms-houses, also Gilbert's at Newton Bushel, which belongs also to this city, though it stands at that town's end. Of later erection : Davie's alms-houses, the struc- ture of a worthy magistrate and alderman of this city. I was writing the se- venth, for such one they report is in embryo, of whose birth there is pregnant hope if, not envy, but some Hebrew-like afifected woman, be midwife. To each of these aforenamed there is some yearly revenue belonging and weekly pay; and also an annual allowance for other some that have no houses. Then may you see the grammar-school for breeding of youth, of the foundation of the dean and chapter of the cathedral of St. Peter's of Exon, with a stipend of twenty pounds per annum. Chap. XIV.] view of Devonshire. H7 CHAPTER XIV. Of Bedford-House and the Noble Family of the Russells. Not far thence is Bedford-House, so called for that it is the seat of the Earl of Bedford in this city, and was formerly the Dominican Priory. And so being at this place, in regard his lordship hath two or three more mansion-houses in this country, and he Lord Lieutenant thereof, and of the city, this county doth challenge him as a native, and one of the chiefest ornaments and honours thereof. I have therefore emboldened myself to record his descent since they enjoyed the attribute of this honour. Sir John Russell, Knight of the noble order of the Garter, Controller of the household of King Henry VIII., son of James Russell, esq., and Alice his wife, daughter and heir of John Wise of Sydenham, by Tliomasin his wife, daughter of Sir Baldwin Fulford, of Fulford, knight, was created Lord Russell A. D. 1538, Lord High Admiral of England, and Lord Privy Seal; and in the 3rd of King Edward VI. he was created Earl of Bedford, and died 14th March, 1554 — 5. He married Ann, daughter and sole heir of Sir Guy Sapcotts, knight, the relict of Sir John Broughton, of Tudding- ton m the county of Bedford, knight, and by her had issue an only son, Francis. This Francis Lord Russell and Earl of Bedford was Knight of the Garter and one of the Privy Council to Queen Elizabeth. He married, first, Margaret, daughter of Sir John St. John, knight, and sister to Oliver Lord St. John of Bletso, by whom he had four sons and three daughters. First, Edward Lord RusseU, that died issueless. Second, John Lord Russell, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke, knight, and widow of Sir Tho- mas Hoby, knight, by whom he had issue two daughters; first, Elizabeth, that died without issue; second, Ann, married to Henry Lord Herbert, son and heir of Edward Eai-1 of Worcester. Third, Francis Lord RusseU, (after his brother's death.) He married Juhan, daughter of Sir John Forster, knight, (Lord Warden of the middle marches against Scotland.) He was slain by the Scots at a day of truce in his father's life-time, having issue Edward, after Earl of Bedford. Fourth, Sir WilUam Russell, knight; cre- ated by King James Baron of Thornhaugh, at Hampton Court, 1603, Lord Deputy of Ireland. He took to wife Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Shen- 148 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. gay Long, of Chengie in the county of Cambridge, esq., and had issue Francis, now Earl of Bedford. Ann, the eldest daughter, was married to Ambrose Dudley, Earl of War- wick: Ehzabeth, the second, to William Earl of Bath: Margaret, the third, to George Lord Clifford, Earl of Cumberland. This earl married to his second wife Bridget, daughter of John Lord Hussey, the widow of Henry Manners, Earl of Rutland, but by her had no issue. He died full of honour and years, and much lamented, 28th July, 1585. Edward Lord Russell, grandchild to this last Earl Francis by his third son, Francis, slain as aforesaid ; was Earl of Bedford ; and married Lucy, daughter of John Lord Harrington of Exton, and sister and co-heir to John Lord Harrington of Exton, by whom he had no issue that lived. He died 3rd May, 1627. He bears as his father and grandsire: — arg., a Hon ramp., gu. armed and langued, azure, on a chief sab., three escalops of the field. Francis Lord Russell, son to William Lord Russell of Thomhaugh, youngest son to Earl Francis, succeeded his cousin Edward, and married Katharine, the sole daughter and heir of Giles Bridges, Lord Chandos, who died May 9th, 1641 . He left issue four sons. First, Wilham Lord Rus- sell, made Knight of the Bath at the coronation of King Charles II. Se- cond, Francis, who died unmarried. Third, John, a colonel in the late troubles on the king's part. Fourth, Edward. And four daughters. First, Katharine, married to Robert Lord Brook. Second, Ann, to George Earl of Bristol. Third, Margaret, to James Earl of Carlisle. And fourth, Diana, to Francis Lord Newport. Which WiUiam, so succeeding in his honours, was elected into the society of the most noble Order of the Garter A. D. 1672 : and by Ann, his wife, daughter and heir to Robert Earl of Somerset, hath had issue seven sons. — Francis Lord RusseU ; John who died in his infancy; William, who wed- ded Rachel, daughter and co-heir to Thomas late Earl of Southampton, (beheaded by King James II. for being found in a plot against the govern- ment;) Robert, James, and George: and three daughters. First, Diana, first married to Sir Grevil Verney, of Compton-Verney in the county of Warwick, Knight of the Bath; afterwards to William Lord Allington : Ann, who died young: and Margaret. Duga. Baronage, vol, 3. page 380. Which Wilham Earl of Bedford was created Duke of Bedford by King William III. 11th May, 1694. Chap, XV.] view of Devonshire. J149 CHAPTER XV. Of the Guildhall, Magistrates, and the several Corporations thereof. Then come we to see the fair guildhall in the most eminent place of the city and near the midst thereof, where the assizes, sessions, and weekly courts are kept by the mayor and bailiffs. It is freshly beautified with the arms of the mayors and recorders of the said city ; wherein they were much beholden to the sedulous endeavours and lucubrations of John Hooker, alias Vowel, gent., sometime chamberlain, who was a diligent and painful searcher of its antiquities : whose collections, imprisoned under a sure guard, if I could have set at liberty, would have saved me much labour. And here I shall blazon the arms as they are set down in Holhngshed's collections. Lib. 5, 112. [But as many of the shields have been altered since the time of HoUingshed, their order changed, and several new ones added, we think it advisable to give them as they now appear, marking the discrepancy. G. O., — P. J.] 1. Over the Mayor's seat, England and France quartered ; under which is the crown and double rose. On the right of the Mayor's seat 2. was the arms of the City of Exeter. — Party per pale, gules and sable, a castle triple tow- ered with a portcullis, or, now occupied by the arms of the Company of the Brewers. 3. Dennis. — Ermine, three Danes' axes erect, gules. 4. Moore, — Ermine, on a bend, sable, now a chevron azure, three cinque foils, or, 5, CoLSHULL. — Cheeky, or, and sable, on a chief, argent, five goutcs. 6. Hoker. — First, Vowell of Pembroke; or, a bar vairy, argent and sable, between two lions passant gardant, sable. Second, Hooker : gules, a fess engrailed argent charged with two fleur-de-lis, azure, between three cinque foils, or. Third, Bol- ter ; Ermine, now argent, in a chief, azure, charged with three bird bolts, argent. Fourth, Druell : sable, a chevron argent between three bunches of daisies, argent. Fifth, Kelly : argent a chevron gules, between three billets of the second. Sixth, qy. if meant for Comyns 1' gules, a chevron argent between three garbs, or. 7. Calwodely. — Azure, on a pair of wings in lure, argent, a bar, gules. 8. Duke. — Party per fess, argent and azure, three chaplets counterchanged. 9. Blundell. — Paly undy, of six, ermine and gules. (Should it not be argent and gules ?) 10. Shillingford. — Argent, a bend, gules, a label of five points, azure. 11. Hull. — Sable, a chevron between three talbots' heads erased, ar- gent, langued gules. 12. Fitzhenry.— Argent, a cross engrailed, sable, (This u 150 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IL was formerly Hele.) 13. Spicer. — Per pale, sable and gules, three castles triple-towered in bend, or, between two cotises and a bordure engrailed, ermine. 14. Levermore. — Argent, a bar and two barulets, sable, between three tufts of leaves, vert; «(7?<.' pine apples proper. 15. Hele. — Argent, abend of five fusils, gules. 16, Drew. — Ermine, a lion passant, gules. 17. Totiiil. — Azure, on a bend, argent, cotised or, a lion sable. 18. Charles. — Party per fess, undy, gules and ermine, in chief an eagle displayed, or. (Now destroyed,) 19. Sturb. — Or, now arg., a star of eight points sable. 20. Harris. — Sable, three crescents arg. within a bordure of the same. 21. Wynard. — Argent, a bend azure charged with three mullets of the first. Now argent a chevron azure between three mullets, gules. 22. Holland. — Azure, a lion saliant gardant, between five lilies, argent. Now within a bordure argent. 23. Dowrish. — Argent, a bend cotised within a bordure sable. 24. Hext. — Or, a castle triple-towered between three battle-axes, sable. 25. Hunt. — Azure on a bend or, noiv argent, three leopards' faces gules, between two water bougets, or. 26. Hudisfield. — Argent, a bar sable charged with a crescent for difference between three boars, sable. 27. Gandy. — Gules, three saltiers argent, noiv or; formerly Somaster. — Argent, a castle triple-towered between seven fleur-de-lis, sable. 28. Crossing. — Or, on a chevron azure, three besants between three cross crosslets, fitchy, gules ; formerly Weekes. — Ermine, three battle-axes, sable. 29. Walker. — Azure, a grifiin segreant armed and ungued, or ; now argent a bordure engrailed ermine; 7101U argent; formerly Newcombe. 30. (qy.) Gray. — Or on a bend azure, three martlets, argent; now quarterly, first and fourth sable, a chevron argent charged with five goutes between three martlets argent, second and third, argent a chevron between three cross crosslets gules. 31. Burgoin. — Azure, a talbot passant, argent, langued and collared gules chained, or. 32. Tickell. — Ermine, on a chief indented, gules, three crowns, or, 33. KlTSON. — Sable, three fishes hauriant argent, a chief or ; now gules, three fishes hauriant argent. 34. Bat- ISHULL. — Azure, a cross crosslet saltier-wise between four owls, argent. 35, DupORT. — Barry of six, or and sable ; noiv azure a saltier within a bordure, both ingrailed, gules. 36, Qy. Bradestone ? — Argent, a chevron between three boars' heads, couped sable. 37. Noble. — Or, two flanches, and on a bar, sable, between two lions passant, azure, incensed gules, three besants; now argent two flanches sable and on a bar sable, three roundlets between two lions passant, sable, incensed sable. 38. Qy. Chalons. — Or, two bars between an orle of martlets, gules; now Bridport. — Argent, a bend, azure, between six double roses, gules. 39. Oxenham ? — Ermine, a bar between three crescents, gules; now Bampfylde ? — Argent, a bend, azure, charged with three mullets, argent. 40. Qy. Helion. — Or, on a bend, sable, three martlets, argent; now argent, a fess between three crescents, gules. 41. Qy. Gould. — Party per pale, argent and sable, a lion saliant, gules, within a border counterchanged. To the left of the Mayor's seat. 1. Smith. — Sable, a fess between two barulets, and three martlets, or, noiv argent. 2. Periam. — Gules, a chevron engrailed Chap, XV,] view of Devonshire. 151 between three leopards' faces, or. .3. Hurst. — Argent, an etoile of eight points wavy, gules. 4. Pollard. — Argent, a chevron, sable, between three mullets, now escalops, gules. 5. Tucker. — Barry wavy of twelve, azure and argent, on a chevron crenelle, or, between three sea horses, sable, 7iow or, finned, trailed, and maued, of the third, five goutes of the fourth, goutes now omitted. 6. Prestwood. — Sable, a lion saliant, now rampant, between two flanches, or. 7. Prideaux quartered with Roach. — First and fourth, argent a chevron sable, a label, gules; second and third, three roaches, two one, naiant, argent. 8, BuL- LER. — Argent, on a cross, sable, pierced of the field, four eagles displayed, sa- ble. 9. Arms of the JoiNERS. 10. Hill of Hill's Court. — Gules, a saltier vairy, no?*) argent, between four mullets, pierced, argent; now or. 11. Ball, — Argent, a chevron, gules, between three fire balls, sable fused, gules. 12. New- combe. — Argent, a fess crenelle in chief, three escallops, sable, now gules, a chev- ron, or, between three escallops, or. 13. The Tailors' Company. 14. Hutch- inson. — Per pale, azure and gules, in fess, a lion rampant, argent, semee with twelve crosslets, or ; now sable, a lion rampant, argent, between fifteen cross crosslets, or. 15. White. — Gules, on a canton, ermine, a lion saliant, now rampant, sable, within a bordure, sable, charged with stars, argent, now or. IG. Gervis. — Argent, six ostrich feathers in pile, three, two, one, sable. 17. Berryman. — Argent, a chevron, sable, between three talbots, sable. 18. Bonvill. — Sable, six mullets, three, two, and one, pierced gules, now argent. 19. Gilbert. Argent, on a chevron, sable, three roses of the field, 20. Champneys.— Argent, a lion saliant, moii' rampant, within a bordure en- grailed, gules. 21. Amerideth. — Gules, a lion rampant regardant, or. 22. At- will. — Argent, a chevron, sable, a pile in point, counterchanged. 23. Qy. Mainwaring. — Barry of ten, or and gules, with an annulet for difference, gules. 24. Petre. — Gules, on a bend, or, between two escalops, argent, charged with a Cornish chough between two cinque foils, azure, with a crescent for dif- ference, argent, a chief, or, charged with a double rose, gules, between two demi fleurs-de-lis, or. 25. Duckenfield. — Argent, a cross sarcelly, sable, voided of the field. 26. Haydon. — Argent, three bars gemelles, sable, on a chief, gules, a bar, dancette, or. 27. Plea. — -Party per pale, azure and gules, now azure and sable; a lion passant, now rampant, argent, crowned or, with a label of three points, azure, for difference. 28. . — Barry of eight, sable a chief, gules, charged with three leopards' heads, or. 29. Weavers and Ful- lers. 30. Glovers. 31. Bakers. 32. Haberdashers. 33. Qy. Ar- mourers. 34. Coopers. 35. Butchers. This being the place and seat of justice, I will briefly speak, what Mr. Hollingshed hath largely from Mr. Hooker, concerning the government thereof. The whole senate consisteth of twenty-four besides the recorder. The 152 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. annual officers are the mayor, sheriff, receiver, (which are always of the se- nate,) and three stewards or bailiffs; constables, and sergeants, and some other inferior officers. The government consisteth of two sorts, (yet both political,) civil and criminal. Civil causes are decided by the mayor and his officers according to an ancient rule; they ha\ang cognizance of plea, (tenere placita, et cognitio placitorum,) hearing and determining all causes between party and party. Their court is kept every Monday. The hke authority have the bailiffs or stewards in their Saturdays' court. These have, for their better proceeding, the assistance of the recorder and council of the city. In causes criminal, the city bemg by letters patents, and those confirmed and ratified by act of parliament, made a coimty, the mayor with the jus- tices do keep their quarterly sessions and goal-dehvery. There are within it eleven societies, or companies, incoi*porated ; every of which, at several days appointed at their private halls, make election of their yearly masters, wardens, or governors : who have also a certain Umit- ed power to hear and determine (or mediate and persuade,) matters in con- troversy which concern their own trades only, and matters thereunto appro- priate, whereby many matters are fairly and speedily, without any trouble, ended. The first of them for priority of worth and place, and sufficiency every way, is that of the Merchants. Tailors are the next, and for antiquity prescribe the merchants as first incorporated, A. D. 4th King Edward IV. In the 1 6th year of the same king's reign the lords of his privy council reconciled the controversy be- tween them, giving priority to the merchants. Cordwainers the third. Brewers the fourth. Cappers, Hatters, and Haberdashers the fifth. Weavers and Tuckers the sixth. Skinners and Glovers the seventh. Smiths and Cutlers the eighth. Coopers and Helliers the ninth. Butchers the tenth. The eleventh and last are Bakers. In martial affairs. — It is commanded by the Earl of Bedford, Lord Lieu- tenant hereof as of Devonshire; who doth also substitute deputies within the same: for being a county of itself, it acknowledgeth no subjection to Devon. (The castle and purheus thereof only excepted, which they confess to be in the out-shire.) They muster four companies, each an 100 strong, very well armed, under the command, at this present, of these captains : — Chap. XVL] view op Devonshire. 153 Capt. Francis Crossing of the south. Mallet of the east, Sanders of the west, James Tooker of the north quarter. I suppose it will be expected that I should here make you a list of the mayor and his brethren, the eight justices, the sheriff and other officers ; but in regard they are yearly changed, it may be a lost labour, and I pro- ceed to another business. CHAPTER XVI. Of the Cathedral-Church of St. Peter's. — The antiquity and building thereof. We have viewed the city and the laity thereof to our satisfaction and con- tentment; now with all expected and expectable humility let us raise our spirits (without any grain of icarian or phaetonian presumption,) to a high- er pitch and visit the clergy; yet neither with an annual, triennial, or me- tropoUtical visitation, but once for aU : neither come we to visit their purses, (as a learned and truly reverend divine made question of at a triennial visi- tation,) nor manners, (which he earnestly and rightly desired,) for our intent is plainly seen; for as a modern rustic poet simg, so say we, — " Those that are plac'd to overlook, by their degree, Shall over-see themselves, and so (from me) pass free." We intend only to insist upon one article, and to make diligent inquiry and true presentment thereof, taking words without oath — item, whether your churches, chapels, churchyards, &c. be well repaired, cleanly and de- cently kept and beautified; and this is inquirable as an ordinary article at every visitation. Let us therefore begin with the chiefest, for we intend to leave none un- seen, even the Cathedral of St. Peter, which we find spacious, fair, beauti- fied with many, and those ancient, arms of the chiefest houses in this country and elsewhere; sundry goodly, both ancient and new erected mo- numents: much variety of sage, witty, facetious, and quaint epitaphs; with curious and rare imagery, especially in the western frontispiece; which not only for the excellent workmanship, Init for the historical matter, both 154 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. sacred of the church and of the kingdom in those times, all so excellent that it is grown even to the height of a wonder. The first stone whereof was laid about the year 1050, and yet not totally and absolutely finished, with cloisters and chapter-house, until A.D. 1448, so that it was well near 400 years to bring it to the perfection you now see. — " Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem." So huge a labour it was to frame, A work should carry so great fame. As it now doth present itself to the spectator's eye it cannot be (the true and perfect uniformity considered,) without admiration; and not to be more exactly accomplished had it been finished in one age and by one man's hand ; for If on the same you do but cast your eye, The stones are join'd so artificially, That if the mason had not checker'd fine Syrian alabaster with hard serpentine, And hundred marbles no less fair than firm. The whole but one stone you might rightly term. But sithence this kingdom in other cities yields both larger and as fair, it is needless to use any particular description; or speak of the two fair spacious and high towers, which standing opposite one against the other in the fess-point thereof, divide the choir from the body of the church. That on the north hath a continual motion or dial, showing not only the passage of the day, but together therewith the days of the month and variable changes of the moon, subscribed with these verses, — " Festinando dies sub solis luce jucundi Diuturna quies docet, et modo tempus eundi." And under these again, — " Praeterit ista dies, nescitur origo secundi, An labor an requies ? sic transit gloria mundi." The rare invention of clocks and dials if it cause me to wander a little out of my way, let it not seem strange; for I have been informed by a writer of great fame that the Romans were 593 years without them ere they would admit of them ; but once entertained, were very carefully and Chap. XVI.] view of Devonshire. 155 curiously preserved: wliereof he describes three divers sorts; one of the sun, devised by Scipio Nasica; (but I rather think he should have said, brought to Rome by Scipio Nasica; for we read long before his time that by the prayer of Isaiah the shadow of the dial of Ahaz was brought ten degrees backward;) the second of hours, by Aneximenides : and the third of the water, by Thales. But the first use of clocks in churches was in the time of Phocas, the fifty-ninth emperor, by Sabinianus, the sixty-third pope, successor to Gregory the Great. Surely I cannot but admire the invention, for before that we could not say, we will rise at six, dine at twelve, or sup at seven; but we will rise with the sun, dine at mid-day, and sup at sun-set. This clock strikes (which must not be forgotten) on a bell named Peter's Bell, as given by Bishop Peter Courtenay, whose weight is 11,000 pounds at least. And here, though it may seem to some a trivial subject, to speak of the invention and first devisor of bells, yet considering the musical sound, and necessary use we have of them for clocks and convocating people to divine service, (which God commanded Moses should be done with silver trum- pets,) I cannot think but they were first invented by Divine Inspiration: for when christians began to multiply and disperse abroad in remote places, they could not easily be cajled together by the voice of man (as is now in use among the Turks,) nor by sound of trumpet, but by a louder and fuller sound. And it is worthy observation that no law sect, or any professed religion, have any use of bells for service in their temples, but only chris- tians. These are said to be first invented at Nola by Fauhnus, an excellent bi- shop there, of equal standing with St. Augustine and St. Jerome, between whom passed several letters yet extant : he was the first that used them in his church and bishoprick ; and hence it may well be thought that bells in the Latin word are called Nola. Other properties ascribed to bells are somewhat strange, as resisting tempests, dividing thunders, extinguishing sudden fires, expelhng devils and making them quake and tremble; which though by reasons and arguments strongly maintained, yet in regard it will require a large belief, I will speak no farther. The antiquity of this magnificent church can hardly plead GOO years ; for Mr. Hooker saith (we will acknowledge his sedulous lucubrations in search- ing and enlightening the dark and obscured treasures of this church and city. 156 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE, [ BoOK II. though we read it also elsewhere;) that in this place stood three religious houses : two of monks ; one builded by King Etheldred, the other by King Athelstan; and a third for nuns, which he calleth moniales, which one read unto me, moniUa; which was not much amiss, both being pretty ornaments for monks. I knew of three religious houses here, which were so furnished with religious people that the Saxons, at their conquest, finding the city so replete with such persons, and those so venerable and reverend, thought there had been no other inhabitants therein, and so called it Monkton, or Monkes-town. Now whether there were any nuns among them I never inquired after, not doubting but the monks did that in their time, especially if they were so aifable, courteous, and kind as the Sumpner's Friar in Chaucer to the farmer's wife, of whom he saith, — " This friar ariseth up full courteously And her embraceth in his arms narrow, And kisseth her sweet, and chirketh as a sparrow With his lips : dame, quoth he, I fare right well, As he that is your servant, every deal. Thanked be God that you have soul and life, Yet saw I not to day so fair a wife In all the whole church, so God save me." And indeed I must confess it was an oversight in me, I might well have imagined there had been nuns also, for it was consonant to nature and rea- son; and very necessary for the mutual comfort one might have of the other, that where were two houses for males, there should be one of females. But the lustre of these houses lasted not long, for they were in short time trodden under the Danes' profane feet : for having run over, or over- run the greatest part of this land, sacked and ransacked this city, together with the monasteries, the poor carcases lay waste, (the votaries having for- saken them, seeking places in the deserts of more security,) untU good King Edgar came to Tavistock to visit his queen's father, Odogarus Duke of Devon ; who taking tender compassion both of persons and houses, called home the one and re-edified the other, and so restored the monks to their houses, and the houses to the monks; which continued for a time, but not without trouble, until Sweno, the Dane, like a strong overflowing torrent, with great cruelty and fury irresistable afflicting this kingdom, fell with ex- Chap. XVIL] view op Devonshire. -157 treme rigour upon this city beyond others; for being resisted at his first assault, he continually beleagured it until it was gotten ; and then after the sacking, did his utmost with rage and fury to demolish it both with sword and fire. But his son and successor, Canutus, with a meeker mind, inclined to Christianity, yielded to the humble petition of Atheldredus; (one of his most favoured nobles;) for by his intercession he restored to Athelwoldus, then abbot, aU lands, livings, privileges, and immunities thereunto formerly belonging, as the charter, bearing date 1019, testifieth: — " Egregia soboles, scelerato nata parente." A worthy son (why not?) Of a worthless sire begot. As Josias of Ammon, Hezekias of Ahaz, &c. CHAPTER XVII. Of the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the Church of Exeter. Some thirty years after (viz, 1049,) Leofricus, the Bishop of Crediton, Lord Chancellor of England, and one of the Privy Council to King Edward the Confessor, was translated to Exeter. This good king comes to this city and translated those monks to Westminster, and the Bishop Leofricus from Crediton to this more convenient place ; and with Goditha, or Editha, his queen, installed him (as it is recorded,) after this manner: — The king leading him by the right hand, and the queen by the left, they brought him to the high altar, and by this ceremony gave him possession, or (as we say,) installed him. And having those three monasteries given him, demohshed them, and laid the first stone of the foundation of this church; which part was where our lady-chapel now stands; and set onward also for other convenient houses for his clergy. His chapter at first was not such as now, but only the vicars choral of his church, and of them the arch-deacon of Exeter was chief. He sat 158 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. twenty-thi'ee years. In his time this kingdom was conquered, and this city besieged and taken by William the Norman Conqueror. This Bishop Leo- fricus Baton died A. D. 1073, and was buried in the cemetery or church- yard of the church, for church-yai'ds were procured of the pope, by Cuth- bert, archbishop of Canterbury, 300 years before his time; for ere that age dead bodies in this land were not buried in cities, (for that was held unlaw- fiil,) but in the fields, which is plainly expressed by the monuments usually found in sundry places; and Honorius, when he divided this proAdnce into parishes, appointed no church-yards unto them. But by the enlargement of this church, his sepulture came to be in the floor of the south tower, on whom (in memory of so worthy a personage) a new monument was erected by the instance of Mr. Hooker, at the charge of Lord Bishop Wolton [Que- ry, William Alley?] and the dean and chapter, with a long large epitaph too gi*eat to be transcribed, but under that there is a briefer dialogistical-wise, which I judge well worthy your view : — "P. Urnapolita quidem ! sed cujus, die mihi, sodes; BI. Estne Leofrici? M. Sic vaga fama volat. P. Attaraen baud isto tumulo sunt ossa sepulta ? M. Non, namsub fractomarmore trita jacent. P Quis qualisque fuit? M. Primus fuit Exoniensis. M. Preesul. Plura tibi, scripta superna dabunt. P. Grata deo pietas hominum meminisse bonorum. Aspera die quando fata tulere virum ? M. Quatuor adde decern lustra et tres insuper annos Mille Leofricum Mors tremebunda petit. (1073.) 1568. W. Exon." And now finding his lordship here at his palace at the cathedral church of his see, by dutv' and promise (when I parted from him at Crediton,) I am obliged to wait on him, which you see me ready to perform : but I am hin- dered fi-om doing it at the present, being called on earnestly, yea, urged to reply to an unanswerable (as 'tis said) objection, at least very difficult and eagerly maintained; for I am taxed for often calling Exeter a city before this time, which they say could not be before the installation of this Bishop Leofricus : a city being derived a sede, the see or seat where the bishop is resident, and thereof doth, take denomination. It is somewhat to the purpose, I confess, yet I cannot presently yield and subscribe, until I have some learned man's opinion; I will therefore Chap. XVII.] view op Devonshire. 159 demand Aristotle's, (whose opinion is taken for law,) and examine Ms definition, (or rather Patricius out of him:) — 'a city," saith he, "is a con- course or colony of people gathered together to live by one law, rule, and order of justice." This was long before there were any bishops; and by this definition every commonwealth, country, and parish is a city. Let us therefore entreat another to speak what he thinks. Isodorus, what is your opinion ? — "A city is a collection of divers dispersed people who combine themselves to live together civilly, under such customs, laws, and statutes, as shall be appropriate to the same." These learned men differ very little in sense and meaning, yet so every subject in Great Britain is a citizen. To derive civitas-a-civiHtas were somewhat pretty, and urbs from urvo or aratro, near aUke, and yet both these synonima; for Niniveh, Babylon, Bizance, Athens, Sparta, and Rome, were noted by either or both names, yet all along before there were any bishops. But now the use of speech liath somewhat by custom introduced this distinction, applying civitas to a bishop's see, and urbs to any mui'ed or fortified town or fort. But to con- clude and reconcile this variance, there is yet a better distinction: — " civitas et urbs in hoc ditFerunt, quod incolse dicuntur civitas, urbs vero complec- titur aedificia." And Polidore saith that bishops in elder times dwelled in pagis and villages as our bishop at Tawton and Crediton, which by this objection are concluded to be cities. — A bishop, a city. But leaving to speak a word more of this matter, we will attend his lord- ship and all his successors, and record them as briefly as we may; their places of interment, epitaphs, monuments, and arms. And first, the church of Exeter beareth, gul. a sword erect in pale, arg. pomelled, and hilted, or, surmounted by two keys, in saltier of the last. Leofricus Baton, first bishop, bears, arg. on a cross flory, sab., a mitre proper. Osbertus, a Norman, nobly born, sat next, A. D, 1074; yet it is supposed by some that one Gaulfred was somewhile between them, but being but a supposition, and the time very short that he enjoyed it, we will forbear to give him a place in our catalogue. Osbertus kept the place thirty years, and died blind, and was buried in his own church. He gave gul. a bai- and bend or. To him succeeded William Warwast, a Norman also; for the Conqueror and his two sons, William II. and Henry I., preferred their countrymen; 160 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK 11. for he was chaplain to all three. This man was said to be founder of the priory of PUmpton; but in a case of law in the 3rd King Edward III. the king was adjudged founder, in which case the antiquity of the priory was discovered. The Conqueror gave him Plimpton, Braunton, and St. Ste- phens. The first he bestowed on the priory there; the second on the dean,* with whom it continues even to this age; the third, being St. Stephens, the fee thereof he kept for himself, and successors, whereby they are barons of the parliament. He enlarged the church by laying the foundation of the choir or quire. He possessed the place twenty years: but in his age being blind, he retired to live privately at the priory of Plimpton. His arms, per pale gu. and or, in the first, two keys paly of the second. The second, charged with a sword point in point of the field. His successor was Robert Chichester, Dean of Sahsbury, who governed twenty-two, some say twenty- seven, years, and was buried in his own church, which I take to be in the wall of the same. His arms, cheeky or, and gul. a chief vairy. Next to him sat Robert Warwast, nephew to William Warwast, formerly mentioned, A. D. 1150, and after nine years died and was buried at Plimp- ton. He bears as his uncle. This belongs to John the Chaimtor. After him came Bartholomew Iscanus, or of Exeter, taking his name from the place of his nativity. He was consecrated in the year 11 59: a man of rare gifts for those tunes, for he strongly opposed [at first] Thomas Becket both at home and at Rome, even before the Pope himself, both in speech and writing. He governed fourteen years. Of his interment the place is uncertain. He bears, per pale sab. and arg., six dolphins transmuted. John the Chaimtor succeeded him A. D. 1184, who ruled but six years: proceeding somewhat in the building of the church. He was buried in the south wall, over against the bishop's door leading to the palace. He gave, argent, a cross sable, a chief of the second. Henry Marshall, Archdeacon of Stafford, succeeded A. D. 1192. His birth was noble, being son to John, the king's marshal, and brother to * This is manifestly incorrect, as is indeed much of his chronology of the See. The oflSce of Dean of Exeter was not created until 1225 ; when the bishop, William Brewer, annexed to this dignity the church of Tawton, with its chapels of Swymbridge and Landkey; the church of Braunton, with its appurtenances; and the church of Colaton, commonly called Colaton Ralegh. — G. 0., — P. J. Chap. XVII.] view of Devonshire. 161 William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke. He furthered the building of his church somewhat, and purchased the lordship of Woodbury of one Albe- marle, appropriating it to the vicars choral. He was prompt and eager in his excommunications and interdictions, and died in the thirteenth year of his government, and was buried in the north wall of his church or choir under a fair marble monument. His paternal coat, per. pale or and vert, a lion ramp., gul. armed and langued within a bordure azure, entoyred with mitres proper. Simon de Apulia was installed A. D. 1206, and spent eighteen years therein, and continued the augmentation of the church; wherein, after his death, he was buried in the south wall thereof. He bears, masculy or, and sab. After him William Brewer was advanced to that honourable place in this country, wherein he was born of noble parentage, being grandson to William Brewer, Lord of Totnes and Torbay, founder of the abbeys of Torr and Dunkeswell. He was enriched with many excellent qualities, insomuch as King Henry III. entrusted him to convey his sister, the Lady Isabella, to be married to Frederick the Emperor, which he prudently and worthily performed to his great honour and the king's contentment. After [before] his return, A.D. 1235, he constituted a dean, (the first that was, and his name Serlo,) to whom he impropriated Braunton and Colaton-Ralegh, and twenty-four prebendaries, to whom he gave so much purchased land as might yield them 4£ per annum, pro pane et sale. So speak the very words. He sat nineteen years, and heth buried in the middle of the choir or chancel of his church under a marble stone, thus inscribed, " Hie jacet Willielmus Brewer quondam hujus ecclesise cathedralis episcopus, fundator etiam quatuor principahum ejusdem ecclesiae dignitatum." He gave as his father, gul. two bends wavy, or. Successor to him was Richard Blondy, A.D. 1245; a man of mild spirit, and so abused by his servants; but earnest in his church's cause, and boun- tiful towards the enlarging and proceeding in the building thereof. He died in the twelfth year of his government, and was buried in his own church in the south tower under a fair tomb. He gave, azure, three bishops' mitres proper. After him came Walter Brounscombe, a native of this city. Archdeacon of Surrey, A.D. 1246. Before his election he had taken no orders of the 162 VIKW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK II. church, hut immediately assumed all, and the fifteenth day was installed ; a very short time, for so many degrees as those times required. He did many things for the increase of the livelihood of his church and successors, which were not thought to be commendable in any man, much less a spiritual mortified man. He governed twenty-three years, and was buried in the south side of our lady-chapel, under a stately alabaster monument with his effigy and this epitaph, — "Olim sincerus pater omni dignus amove Primus Walterus, magnojacet hie in honore. Edidit hie plura dignissima laude statuta Quee tanquam jura servant hie omnia tuta. Atque hoc collegium quod Glasseney plebs vocat omnis Condidit egregium, pro voce data sibi somnis. Quot Loca construxit, pietatis quotbona fecit Quam sanctam duxit vitam, vox dieere quae scit, Laudibus immensis jubilet gens Exoniensis Et chorus et turbse, quod natus in hac fuit urbe. Plus si scire velis, festum statuit Gabrielis : Gaudeat in ccelis igitur Pater isle fidelis." His arms, or, on a chevron between two keys in chief and a sword in base, sab., three cinquefoils of the field. Peter Qmvel succeeded next, A. D. 1281. He first instituted a chauntor in this church, his name was Walter Lichlade, who was slain as he came early in the morning to sing his matins ; and a subdean ; impropriating Paynton and Chudlegh for the one, and Egleshayl for the other. He im- propriated also Newlyn and Stoke- Gabriel, and united them to the chan- cellor of his church ; obliging them to read a lecture of divinity or the decretals, or it was to return. The date of the grant was the 12th of the kalends of May, A.D. 1283.* In his time a difference arose between the chapter and the mayor and commonalty about the enclosing of the chm-chyard ; which, with all other differences arising and execution of jus- * The truth is, the bishop collated Walter Lichdale to this ancient office of Precentor on 1st August, 1282 ; having, on the 8th of the preceding month, improved its revenues by the annexation of the churches of Paignton and Chudleigh. He was pleased to add to the chancellorship, on 20th April, 1283, the benefices of Stoke Gabriel and St. Newlyn; and on 9th July, 1284, instituted the office of sub-dean, to which he appropriated Eglos- heil.—G. O.,— P, J. Chap. XVII.] view of Devonshire. 163 tice upon the murderers of the chauntor, were compromised and accorded bv King Edward I., who kept his Christmas in this city. At which time also there was a jar between the bishop and the Gray Friars Franciscans, who, by the intercession of Humphry Bohun, Earl of Hereford, (who had lodged with them at the king's bemg here,) they procured a Hcense to re- move their house to some more convenient and amenous place; to which the bishop promised not only to give leave and consent, but to yield also his best assistance. Now they, soon finding out a place, petition the bishop to perfonn his promise ; but he perceiving it to be in his own fee, refused to give leave, and often denied their impoi-tunate request, with this impre- cation against himself, wishing that whensoever he should yield consent to their request he might be choked. Now St. Francis, careful of his votaries, watched, as the friars said, some opportunity to be revenged on the bishop. — • " Tangit et ira Deos." None shall 'scape free that offer scath, For saints themselves are prone to wrath. As Ovid said of the goddess Diana, where her altars were neglected. And it may be true ; for it was a common proverb in former times that St. Lawrence was an angry saint ; and no marvel, for broUed meat is cho- leric. And thus it proceeded ; Deodatus, warden of the convent of friars, came to the bishop, importuning him very earnestly for the place to erect his new seat ; at which conference, growing earnest and warm in arguing the matter, and at length to a great heat, that the bishop being thirsty called for drink, (or rather, as others will, for juhpe,) which taking over hastily (St. Francis perhaps jogging his elbow,) he was presently choked. (Walter Winborn, one of the king's justices, being present, who was also a testis when the bishop promised the king to favour and assist the fi-iars:) and so this was presently blazed abroad by the friars for a miracle wrought by St, Francis in behalf of his votaries, A pretty miracle! I cannot deny; and yet, methinks, hardly to be termed a saint's action. But let it pass for once ; we have many much worse in this age of such as are newly canonized for saints ; and of other some that for their pvuity would be held saints upon earth . This happened A . D, 1 283, We will deny him nothing of his rights ; he was a bountiful benefactor to 164 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II, his church, and first laid the foundation of the body thereof. He was bu- ried in the midst of our lady-chapel, under a very large marble stone en- graven with a great long cross, and in the circumference this verse for an epitaph, — " Petra tegit Petrum, nihil officiat sibi tetrum." Which verse, written in an ancient character, each letter distant from the other at least four inches, so that this short verse suppUed the whole large circumference, and cost me some labour the finding out and reading it. He bears, azure a cross arg. between two roses in chief and two fleur-de-lis in base. or. Thomas Bytton was his successor, and proceeded in building the church : a great favourer of learned men, and was of fourteen years continuance here, and then died A. D. 1306, and was buried in the chancel of his church. His arms, ermine a fess gul. Next to him sat Walter Stapledon, A. D. 1307, of noble birth, acute wit, great learning, and very pohtic. All which good qualities concurring in one subject, procured him special favour with King Edward II., so he made him of his Privy Council, and Lord High Treasurer of England, and was here installed with great pomp and solemnity : but as honour and riches increased (a worthy observation,) so did his bounty to learning and learned men ; for he erected two houses in Oxford, Hart's- Hall and Stapledon's- Hall ; and impropriated Ernscombe for the maintenance of poor children in St. John's Hospital within the east-gate of this city. He was faithful, with perfect constancy to his sovereign, (a noble remembrance in those trouble- some times,) which cost him his hfe : for being made custos of the city of London (the king being retired from thence with the Spencers,) he required the keys of the lord mayor, and thereupon was by the furious commons taken and beheaded in Cheapside, the 1 5th of October, 1326, with his brother. Sir Richard Stapledon. Their bodies were first buried in the rubbish by the side of the river Thames ; but after the coronation of Edward III. and aU things qualified and quieted, and settled, the queen -mother, forgetting old discourtesies, became more charitable, and caused him to be brought into his own church and native country : (for he was born at Annery, as his ar- mories testify :) he was buried in the north wall of the choir, next the high altar, with this large epitaph, — Chap. XVII.] view of Devonshire. 1C5 " Epitaphium Gaulteri Stapledoni Exou Episcopi ejus nominis secundi. Annos Edwardus ter senos ille secundus Hie cum regnasset, regia sceptra tenens, Hujus cum gnato Suffolcia littora conjux Appulit horrisono classica Marte sonans, Hennorum satrapas huic nervum contulit istum Herculea et vegeta dux fuit ille manu. Quid furitis cives ? quid vult sibi cruda virago ? In sua ferrata viscera versa manu. Nam regina virum sequitur, princepsque parentem, Compar ab Edwardi nomine nomen habens. Kex ope nee fultus, necscripto milite firmus, Arcis munimen Bristoliensis adit. Ante tamen proceres, glomerat primosque senatus. Rebus ut ex dubiis commoda certa legat. Deinde Stapletonum Londino praeficit urbi, Urbis is alterius moenia celsa petit. Iste Stapledonus Gualterus nomine dictus Praesul (si rogites) Exoniensis erat. Musis Oxoniae prajclaram condidit aulam, Huic Stapledoni ex nomine nomen erat. Ex qua coenobium quod dicitur Exoniense Sumptibus baud parvis nobile struxit opus, Gymnasium facit, quod vulgo dicitur Harts-hall. Quidmultis? multas condidit ille scholas. Laudibus seternis fuit hujus digna voluntas Oflficiis nomen sparsit in orbe piis. Summus erat quaestor summo praeclarus honore, Regi a secretis consiliisque fuit. Post ubi per cunctas ruerat gens civica portas, Ille petit claves magna pericla timens. Huic urbana phalanx, rabido correpta furore, Prajsulis insontis subdita colla ferit. Auxilio cupiit dum fratri frater adesse, Acriter in fratrem gens mala sana premit. Arrepto similem plebs infert effera mortem Strage hac exultat sanguinolenta truci. Certe miles erat fortisque bonusque favori, Rarus at in rabie suevit adesse locus. Hos sic enectos aedes pene Exonienses Ripario tumulo vilis arena tegit. Quos humili miserata sitos regina sepulchre 166 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK II. Regifice instructos (ranstulit Exoniani. Praesulis hie tumulus sed militis e regione Fataque sic fratres una eademque petunt. Anno 1568. W. Exon." His paternal armories, arg. two bends undy sab. Successor unto him was James Berkeley, of the noble family of the Lord Berkeleys, and was installed A. D. 1327; but lived for a short time to make show of his generous mind, for he died in the fourth month ; but the place of his interment is not directly known.* He bears gul. a chev. between ten crosses pattee, or. At the death of Berkeley, John Grandisson, Archdeacon of Nottingham, was ambassador for the king at Rome to the pope; to whom the king pre- sented him by letter to be Bishop of Exeter, who consecrated him with his own hands. He was son of Gilbert, [William,] and brother of Otho, the great Lord Grandisson ; thcv descending of the ancient royal house of the Grandis- sons, Dukes of Burgundy. He was afterward one of the privy council to Ed- ward III. He builded the college of St. Mary, Ottery, which shall be spoken of in its place. In his church he builded the two last arches in the west end, vaulting the roof throughout the whole church, and perfectly finished the body of the same. He was noted to use all possible means to get wealth, as fi-ugality (which some termed niggardliness,) in expenses and hospitality; keeping no more sers^ants than urgent necessity required: and made a decree that all ecclesiastical persons in his diocese should, at their death, bequeath their goods to him, or some other in trust — ad pios usus : for this his procuring of riches proceeded not (as appeared) from a covetous desire to be rich, but to benefit and enrich the church. His wisdom surely foresaw (or at least feared) some hea\'y burden or fatal chance would fall on the clergy, and therefore erected upon his sanctuary at Teignton-Bishop a very fair house, impropriating to it the parsonage of Radway, to the end (as his vnll expressed,) " ut habeant locum, unde caput suum rechnarent, — si forte in manum regis eorum temporalia caperentur." His legacies were large; but as he was frugal in his life, so commanded he the like to be used at his funeral, — that no charge should be bestowed in blacks, but every man to be attired in their accustomed habit, which was grey. * He was buried, says Leland, vol. 3, Itinerary, p. 45, on the south part of the choir^ with this inscription, — "In Berkeley natus jacet hie Jacobus tumulatus."— G. O., — P. J. Chap. XVII.] view of Devonshire, 167 He opposed himself against the metropohtan's visitation within this his diocese ; and when he came to the church for that purpose he resisted his en- trance. His time here was twenty-three years, for he died anno 1419,* and was buried in the west wall of his church in a chapel there purposely built, and was shrouded in lead, which was not long since taken up, the lead melted, and the chapel defaced. An unworthy deed; and it is to me a mai-vel that it escaped unpunished, in regard the very heathen had laws against the vio- lating or defacing of monuments or sepulchres. He bears, with his ances- tors, with some addition expressing his episcopal vocation, paly of six, arg. and azure on a bend gu., charged with a mitre between two eaglets displayed, or. Thomas Brentingham was next preferred to this diocese; he was at one self-same instant elected bishop both of this church and of Hereford, but accepted this, anno 1 370. He was chosen one of the thirteen peers (whereof seven were of the spirituality,) in the 10th of Richard II. to govern and manage the affairs of the realm. He was a chief benefactor to the vicars choral ; and sat twenty-four years : his interment was under a chapel build- ed by himself in the body of the church, between the north door and the north tower. The chapel was lately demolished ; but the stone, sometime inlaid with brass, only remains to testify it : for his epitaph is worn or rent away with the brass. His insignia, sab. a fess crenelle between three Ca- therine wheels, or. Edmund Stafford, of noble parentage, being brother to Ralph, (created Earl Stafford by Edward III.,) succeeded next, and was installed 1395. His excellent endowments of wisdom, learning, and generous behaviour, wrought him into the king's love, and so endeared him that he was made one of the privy council, and anno 20th Richard II. Lord Chancellor of England. He increased two fellowships in Stapleton's Inn, in Oxford; reformed the statutes, and called it Exeter College. He died 4th Sep- tember, 1419, having continued bishop twenty-four years with much ho- nour and due reverence ; and was buried in a stately monument of alabaster in the north side of our lady chapel. His mutilated epitaph speaks thus, — " Hie jacet Edmundus de Stafforde iutumulatus. Quondam profundus Legum Doctor reputatus, Verbis facundus, Comitum de stirpe creatus. Felix ct mundus pater hujus Pontificatus." * He died I5lh July, 1369, having nearly completed 42 years' government of his See. G. O,,— P, J . 168 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. The arms of the family are, or a chevron gul.; his addition, entoyred with bishops' mitres proper. James Gary, being in Florence with Pope Martin the .5 th, was instituted and consecrated there by him anno 1419; but never returned home to be installed, but there ended his days, and was there also buried. The ensigns of his ancestry were, arg. on a bend sab., three roses of the field. To him, for distinction, was added, a bordure azure entoyred with mitres proper. To him succeeded Edmund Lacy, anno 1420. In his tune the contention between the dean and chapter, and the mayor and commonalty, concerning their liberties, was revived, and after much business referred to the arbi- tratement of several worthy personages, whereof Thomas Earl of Devon and Sir William Bonvile of Shute were principal, who made a paUiative cure thereof. He was learned, affable, and courteous, and very zealous and devout; for which he was greatly esteemed, and had even in admiration with the vulgar. He was generally in high regard and reverence for his excellent speech he made concerning a biU preferred in parliament against the most vile and lewd abuses of the Black Monks, which was so pathetical and effectual, that with certain articles also in the convocation house by him ingeniously and pithily penned and presented, that his only motion and speech was after held a sufficient censure and definitive sentence. His in- tegrity and zealous devotion was so marvelled at, that after his decease many miracles were supposed to be done by him at his tomb ; which caused great repair thither, and many pilgrimages to be made; but that continued not long. His government was of thirty-five years continuance. His corpse was laid in the north wall of the chancel, and his ensigns were, azure, three shovellers' heads erased arg. Some name them swans' heads. George Nevill, fourth son of Richard Nevill, Earl of Sahsbury, by Alice his wife, daughter and sole heir of Thomas Montacute, Earl of SaUsbiiry, sat next. He it was that finished the chapter house begun by his prede- cessor, and after eight years was translated to York. ( he was made Lord Chancellor of England while he was Bishop of Exeter,) anno 1465. His paternal coat was, gul. a satire arg., a file of three gobony arg. and azure : his mother's coat, arg. three lozenges in fess gul. : yet there is set for him, gul. three lozenges in fess arg. within a border or. After the translation of George Nevill, John Booth was consecrated and installed, anno 1466. He governed well for his time, but being of a mild Chap. XVII.]. view of Devonshire. 169 nature and quiet disposition, unable to endure the many and great troubles between King Henry VI. and Richard Earl of Warwick, and King Edward IV., he removed hence to his own house at Horsleigh in Hampshire, where he died ; and lieth buried at St. Clements without Temple-Bar. His arms, arg. three boars' heads erased, snouts erected, sab. a file of three lables, gu. Peter Courtenay, third son of Sir Philip Courtenay of Powderham, third son of Hugh, the third of that name. Earl of Devon, was the next that was placed in the cathedral, 1477. He finished the north tower of his church, and gave the great bell formerly spoken of. He was greatly in the favour of King Henry VII., who translated him to Winchester in 1487, where he died and was buried. His arms, or, three torteauxes, a file of three labels charged with nine plates. Successor to him was Richard Fox, whose nature somewhat aUuded to his name, whereby he was much employed both abroad with the French King and Duke of Brittany, and also at home. He was made Lord Privy Seal, and removed hence to Bath, and thence to Durham; which seat he had scarce warmed ere he was translated to Winchester, where he died and was buried 5th October, 1528. But I may not leave him, but I must tell you what re- membrance Erasmus makes of him in his Ecclesiastes : — " This bishop [saith he] being employed by the king to get him money by a benevolence of the clergy, (for the king seemed to be in some want,) he summoned them before him and made known unto them what need the king had of supply, and used the best persuasions that wisdom and eloquence could devise to induce and move them to contribute largely and with alacrity. They, again on the other side, made all the excuses they could invent, every man to shift it ofi" from himself and to be excused from lending. Some came seemly and decently apparelled, well attended on according to their estate; and these aUedged that the charge of housekeeping and hospitality required of them weakened their estate and emptied their pur- ses, so they could hardly keep themselves out of debt; and therefore could not lend, but were to be excused . Other some came meanly and poorly apparelled, and they pleaded poor hvings and great charges, a hard world, — every thing they sold was cheap, and therefore they had no money to lend. " But the bishop as poUtic as they were cunning, used this dilemma, — to the richer sort he urged, that forasmuch as they were so richly appa- relled and kept such bountiful hospitality, it could not be but that their in- 170 VIBW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. comes were great, and that they were rich and aforehand, or else they would live more frugally; and therefore they might not refuse to supply the king's wants, and a Uttle sparing would soon bring it in again. To those that pretended poverty he said, that forasmuch as they wore such plain apparel and Hved so fragally, yea, sparingly and niggardly, it was not possible but they must needs be wealthy ; for what they spared from rich clothes and vain expenses filled their purses, and therefore they might not refuse ( in reason and duty) to supply the king's occasions. He bare, azure, a pelican feeding her young with her blood in her nest, or. After the translation of Fox, Ohver King was consecrated, 1492. He was formerly Dean of Windsor, and the king's chaplain, and registrar of the noble Order of St. George. In his time Perkin Warbeck assaulted this city, whose illusion was the overthrow of many good families in this pro- vince, who simply misled by that cunning counterfeit, whom the Duchess of Burgimdy (an implacable and irreconcileable enemy to the house of Lan- caster,) had bred, fashioned, and named Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, second son to Edward IV. ; as if he had been resuscitated from death to life. This bishop sat but five years, and was buried at Windsor, 1497.* His arms, arg. on a chev. sab., three escallops of the field. Richard Redmayn was his successor, transferred hither from St. Asaph in 1496; and after five years was translated to Ely, 1501. He bears, gul. three cushions erm. tassels, or. A native of a dignous family of this diocese was the next incumbent, John Arundell, of the house of Lanhem in Cornwall; who, more for love of his country wherein he was bom than any benefit or preferment, came hither from Coventry and Lichfield; but enjoyed the place a small time, the space only of two years. Dying in London, he was buried in St. Clements with- out Temple-Bar, 1503. The ensigns of his family are, sab. six martlets in pile 3. 2. 1., arg. Upon his decease came Hugh Oldham; a man more esteemed and com- mended for zeal and devotion than learning and science, yet was he a great favourer of learned men, and purposed to have augmented Exeter College in Oxford, both in building and fellowships ; but being denied a simple request of the rector and fellows, he joined with Bishop Fox, of Winchester, for * He was translated to Bath in 1495, and was buried in the abbey church there late in 1503,— G. O.,— P. J. Chap. XVII.] view of Devonshire. 17 1 the erecting of Corpus Christi College in Oxford. After sixteen years he deceased, anno 1519, and was buried in a sumptuous private chapel of his own, at the higher end of the south ambulatory of the choir, where his arms are multiphed: — sab. a chev., or, between three owls. ai*g. on a chief of the second, three roses, gul. John Voysey, alias Harman, Dean of the chapel to King Henrv VIII., Lord President of Wales and Governor of the Lady Mary, the king's eldest daughter, (whose learning was commendable, but his court-like behaviour excelled, being generally accounted a better courtier than preacher or scho- lar,) was next consecrated. Alas! the while! My tear-drown'd eyes a night of clouds bedims, About my ears a buzzing horror swims, My fainting knees witii feebleness are humble, My faltering feet do slide away and stumble. I must alter my style and learn a new rule in arithmetic, for whereas since the installation of the Lord Leofricus Baton I have used nothing but mul- tiplication and addition to this church and the revenues thereof, and at the coming in of this man to see to what opulent estate, and magnificence it was come unto from slender and small beginnings; now I must try the rule of subtraction, and speak of the wasting and decays thereof; but thereof briefly, for ill news will admit no circumstances nor long discourse. — Oh! woe is me to be the messenger Of this sad new:s that now I bring you, sir. As he is said to speak that brought the first ill news to Job. In the 2nd King Henry V., anno 1414, at a parhament holden at Leices- ter, a bill, or supplication was preferred, which had relation to a former, presented to the parliament holden at Westminster, 11th King Henry IV., (which at that time, by reason that the king was then not well settled, but ever like to be troubled with civil discord, took none effect,) both of them tended to this eftect, that the temporal lands devoutly given, and disordi- nately spent by those (named) religious and .spiritual persons, should be seized into the king's hands, sith the same might suffice to maintain (to the honour of the king and defences of the realm,) 15 earls, 1500 knights, 6000 esquires, and a 100 alms-houses for the relief only of the poor, impo- tent and needy persons, and none else; and the king to have yearly into 1 72 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. his coffers 20,000£. At which time it was found by survey, and an extent thereof made, that the church of Exeter could then dispend yearly 7000£., which, according to the value of the ounce of silver in those days to the rate now current, I suppose to be now tripled : then, if you please but to consi- der of the improvement, I might say tripled again : so at your best leisure you may make audit; for it had in this county, seventeen manors ; in Corn- wall, eight; and seven in other shires; in all, thirty-two; and fourteen fair palaces, each severally furnished with aU competent necessaries. ( Plate and linen excepted.) Of aU these troubles this courtly bishop Voysey eased his successors : I will forbear to name them since the count is already cast up and brought to this catastrophe, that all is gone, and the now diocesan hath only one house to rest in ; and as Bishop Grandisson fore prophesied, ubi caput reclinaret; for with his bounty at court and building of Sutton-Col- shul, (where he was bom and buried, and intending to try conclusions there,) wasted all, or the greatest part. After the death of King Henry VIII. the state of religion being altered, after some time he surrendered the bishoprick into the hands of King Ed- ward VI., anno 1550. CHAPTER XVIII. The Bishops of Exeter after the Reformation. Upon his surrender, a learned divine. Miles Coverdale, a diligent preacher of the gospel, (who, in the time of King Henry VIII., had translated the Bible out of Hebrew into Enghsh, and for so doing was forced for safety to fly into Germany, to the Count Palatine, who greatly favoured him, but after King Henry's death returned, and ) was preferred to this church, and consecrated anno 1551 ; where, in the small time of his residence, (which was little more than three years,) although he were much envied and ma- hgned, yet continued he his exercise of preaching and lecturing, much be- nefitting the church thereby. But King Edward VI. being called to hea- ven, he was deprived and in much trouble for his rehgion, (whereof you may be more learnedly and largely informed elsewhere, if you desire it,) yet Chap. XVIII.] view of Devonshire. 17-3 by the often and earnest request of the King of Denmark he was sent again into Germany, to Heydelberg, to the Count Palatine, and there continued to the death of Queen Mary, when he eftsoons returned ; but by no persua- sions would he take his place again, though it was reserved for liini, and he much persuaded thereunto, but lived privately in London, continually using his talent while strength of body gave him abiUty, which was not long; and dying, was buried in St Magnus Church in London. His arms, quarterly gu. and or, per fess indented : in chief, a rose between two fleur-de- lis, in base a fleur-de-lis between two roses, all counterchanged. After the deprivation of Coverdale, Voysey was re- installed, yet lived not here but at the town of Sutton-Colshul, which he procured to be impropri- ated and made a market town, using divers other means to enrich the same; where dying, he was buried anno 1555. He gave, arg. on a cross sab., a hart's head couped, between four doves of the field on a chief azure, a cross flory between two roses, or. After him James Troublefield, alias Turljervile, supplied the place; a man very zealous in his religion, and reputed f ^ a courteous and mild disposition by nature, yet he expressed the contrary when Agnes Preist suff^ered in Southernhay for denying transubstantiation. After the death of Queen Mary he was deprived and lived privately and quietly without being trou- bled for his religion. The arms of his family were, arg. a lion ramp., gul. crowned, or. In the second year of Queen Elizabeth, William Alley, reader of the di- vinity lecture in Paul's, was elected and consecrated ; who, to outward ap- pearance, seemed austere, rough, harsh, and cynical; yet was indeed mild, affable, and courteous; in hospitality, bountiful: and at his table, pleasant. He governed near eight years, and died 1570; being buried in the choir of his own church. His coat, azure, a pale between two lions ramp., erm. crowned, or. William Bradbridge came hither from Salisbury, where he was dean, anno 1570. He lived at Newton-Ferrers; so far remoted from the city that it was very troublesome to his clergy that had occasions to attend him. He died suddenly, not one being present, and was brought to his church to be buried : the place in the north wall of his chancel, in the ninth year of his consecration, anno 1578. His ensigns, azure, a phcon arg. On the stone that covers him is this inscription, — z 174 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. Hie jacet reveiendus Pater Gulielmus Bradbridge, nuper Exon. Episcopus, Qui obiit 27 die Junii, Anno Domini 1578. To him succeeded John Woolton, a single canon, anno 1578, who was commended for his learning; yet it surpassed not politic vdsdom, for which he gave place to few of his predecessors. He governed fourteen years, and died the 14th of March, 1593, and was interred near the south wall of his choir, opposite to the door that enters the palace. Upon his stone is this engraven, — " Hie jacet reverendus ille Johannes Woolton, Exoniensis Episcopus, qui Praefuit huic ecclesiae annos 14. Obiit 14 die Martii, Anno Domini 1593." And upon his fair monument this epitaph, — " Johanni Wooltono, Episcopo Exon., natus in Whalia in agro Lancast. Quem ob ejus preestantcm in omni virtutis genere animum, inirari magis quam laudare licet. In quo fides, pietas, et religio cum doctrina certabant. Qui (vita sacrarum litcrarum studiis diligentissime acta, multseque doctrinee monu- mcntis posteritati relictis) hominomexuit Exonife, Mar. 14, Anno Domini 1593, iEtat. 57. Cui Margarita, filia moestissima, parcnti amantissimo ac bene me- renti posuit." On the dexter part of the monument, in a table, are these verses, — " Epitaphium in obitum reverendissimi Patris Johannis Woolton, Episcopi Exon. Hie jacet — hand jacet hie tumulo quem credis inesse; Terra nequit tantum contumulare virum. Ingenium, genium, mores, pietatis honores, Eloquiumque pium, busta perusta tegent. Falleris, ultonus tonus est sic spiritus unde Hoc nostri tonus est, coelicus orbe tonans." On the sinister part are certain Greek verses — sed hse non vident me. His arms, a lion ramp., jessant, a saltier engrailed gul. After him came hither Gervase Babington, translated from Llandaff in Wales, and was consecrated anno 1595. He was a sedulous preacher; and divers of his labours are extant in print. He sat only two years; yet that Chap, XVIIL] view of Devonshire. 175 short time made a mayme of the episcopal temporals incurable. He was removed hence to Worcester. The coat of the name, arg., ten torteauxes in pile, 4. 3. 2. 1. To him succeeded Doctor William Cotton, who was consecrated anno 1597. He governed the space of twenty-eight years with great commen- dation : to whom was granted authority in certain branches of the high com- mission-court, which he kept at Silverton, where he lived for the most part, and there died 26th August, 1621. His paternal ensigns, arg. a bend sab, between three ogresses. He was buried in the south ambulatory of his church under a fair marble stone, which hath this inscription, — "Depositum Willielmi Cotton, quondam Exon. Epi.: cujus vltam vicinuni monumentum indicabit. Obiit Aug. 26, Anno J 621." Near whereunto, in the wall of the choir, is erected a very fail* monument with his lively representation and this epitaph, — " Venentur titulos alii atque encomia captent, Tu propria virtute nites, dignissime proesul. Corda virum tumuli, tibi sunt epitaphia linguae, Virtutesque tuae tituli ; quae dissita multis Juncta tibi, zelus prudens, prudentia mista, Serpentum iunocua caute moderata columba, Foeta operumque fides, opera edita et abdita, mundo Abdita, (sic humilis pietas jubet,) edita coelo. Mite supercilium, facies augusta sereni, Vultus majestas frontis veneranda sereni, Ira fugax solem raro visura cadentem, Mensa benigna, domus patens, aditusque paratus, Condivit tua dicta lepos, gravitasque leporem, Pacificis placidus, tantum hostis seditiosis. Non tibi sublimi mores in sede superbi, Vita nee in prima (ut multis) fuit ima Cathedra, Praelatusque gregi, sed non elatus honore. A Paulo ad Petrum pia te Regina vocavit. Cum Paulo et Petro cceli Deus arce locavit. Sic Petrum Paulus, sic claves adjuvat ensis; Perge Petro plures mittere, Paule, tuos." Doctor Valentine Cary, the second of that illustrious family, Dean of Paul's, was consecrated anno 1621. In his short time the city was greatly and heavily infected %vith the pestilence, so that he lived not much at the 176 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. palace but in the country. He sat only six years. The arms of the house are, arg. on a bend sab., three roses of the first; his difference, a mullet. He was buried in the southern part of our lady's chapel, under a fair erected monument, with his effigies thereon and this brief remembrance, — " In memoriam Valentini Gary olim hujus Ecclesiae episcopi, qui obiit 10. die Jun. 1626. Sanguis Jesu Christi purgat me ab omni peccato." This monument and inscription was removed, and now standeth in the north wall of the choir, opposite to the vestry door. Now are we come to the period of our proposed purpose, to him that now sits at the helm to guide this ship in all weathers, as well storms and tem- pests, as calms and still waters; who is the sedulous and learned writer. Dr. Joseph Hall; of whose watchful and careful attendance, being oculatus tes- tis, I might speak freely and confidently, as of his most worthiest predeces- sors, following the counsel of Ovid, — " Principibus placuisse viris, non ultima laus est," It is praiseworthy, not in the meanest place, To be obsequious to men of worthy grace. But he stands so assuredly firm on the strength of his own worth, that my poor suffrage were but as the imperfect echo of a more perfect sentence, I will therefore proceed with this conclusion, — ^long may he supply the place. His ensigns, sab., three dogs' heads, erased arg. Wherein I seem to see a secret mystery; for be they ancient, it is a strange and true prediction; if neoteric, the wisdom of the learned heralds have, under an unvulgar symbol, expressed a rare and excellent conceit; for have not his learned labours and patient endeavours wrang off the heads of three barkers: the Papist, the Arminian, and the Separatist? CHAPTER XIX. The Bishops of Exeter since the present Author's time unto this day, October 20th, 1695, by John Prince. Bishop Hall, after he had well governed this church the space of fourteen years, was translated hence to Norwich, anno 1641, where he continued the Chap. XIX.] view of Devonshire. 177 title ; but notwithstanding his most exemplary piety, by the pretended saints of those times was deprived of the execution of the office of a bishop, and the revenues of his bishopric, unto the time of his death, which happened 8th September, 1656. He lieth buried in Hiem Church near Norwich. His immediate successor in this chair was Dr. Ralph Brownrig, born at Ipswich in Suffolk, and Master of Catharine- Hall in Cambridge. He was consecrated 3rd May, 18 Car. 1., anno 1642. Doctor Young, his old friend, preached the consecration sermon on those words, — " The waters are risen, O Lord, the waters are risen." And indeed the waters of our national troubles rose to so high a pitch that this very learned and holy pre- late had never the opportunity of being installed in his throne, or so much as to visit his diocese. Among those who gave this reverend prelate a liberal and noble entertainment, Thomas Rich, of Shunning, in Berks, esq., de- serveth with honour to be remembered. About a year before he died he was invited with much civility and respect to be preacher to both the Tem- ples, where he surrendered up his pious soul into the hands of God on the 7th December, 1659, in the 67th year of his age, having enjoyed the title of The Bishop of Exeter about eighteen years and a half. His remains lie in the Temple Church, buried at the charge of both Temples, where is a fair monument erected to him, with a very large inscription containing the his- tory of his life, too long to be here inserted. He bears, arg., a lion ramp., sab. gutty, or, lang. and arm. gu. between three crescents of the same. Dr. John Gauden, born in Essex, educated in Wadham College in Oxon, and Dean of Booking, was the next that succeeded in this chair. He was promoted by the kindness of King Charles II., in whose restoration he had been very zealous. He was installed 2nd December, anno 12. Car. 2,, 1660. He was an eloquent Apollos and mighty in word and doctrine. In him was such a copia verborum, and those so full, pregnant, and significant, joined with such an active fancy, as rarely accompanieth so soimd a judg- ment and so deep an understanding. The majesty and copiousness of his elocution, with the seriousness and greatness of his matter and spirit, did greatly command his auditory; and it might be as truly said of this prelate as of any other of his order, that he did dominari in concionibus. After he had well governed this church the short space of a year and half, he was, to the great reluctance of this whole diocese, translated hence to Worcester, 1662; and from thence, within a less compass of time, was he translated to 178 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK II. heaven, anno 1 663, much lamented by the whole kingdom, and most of all by the church and the king, who was much concerned for him. He lieth interred in his cathedral church of Worcester. His bearuig is, azure, a chev. between three leopards' faces, or. The next to him was Dr. Seth Ward, bom in Hertfordshire, educated in Cambridge, where he was a member of Sydney College, from whence he was expelled for his loyalty : though afterwards he was chosen astronomy-pro- fessor in Oxford for his great skill and learning in the mathematics even in those worst of times. After the restoration he was made Dean of Exeter, and July 20th, anno 14. Car. 2., 1662, he was installed bishop of this church, where he presided with great honour about five years, and was then trans- lated hence to Salisbury, 1667 ; where he continued to the time of his death, which happened about the year of our Lord 1689. He was a prelate of very graceful presence, a ready utterance, a comprehensive mind, a conde- scending nature, and charitable disposition : witness that stately building, richly endowed, which in or near the close of his Cathedral of Salisbury, at his proper charge, he erected for necessitous clergymen's widows. His shield bears, azure, a cross flory, or. The next in succession to Bishop Ward was Dr. Anthony Sparrow, bom in Suffolk, and brought up in Cambridge, where he became Master of Queen's College ; from whence he was advanced, by the permission of God and the favour of King Charles II., to this episcopal throne, Nov. 23rd, 19 Car. 2., 1667. He was a great rituahst and a strict exactor of canonical conformity. After he had well governed this church the space of about nine years he was translated hence to Norwich, where he died anno 1685, and lieth interred in his own cathedral church. He bears, ermine, three roses, arg. seeded or. His immediate successor in this chair was Dr. Thomas Lamplugh, de- scended from a gentle family in the county of Cumberland. He had his education in Queen's College in Oxford, where he became principal of Alban Hall, Oxford. He was promoted also to the rich vicai'age of St. Martin's- in-the-Fields, near London, where he was King Charles II. 's parochial pas- tor, who liked him so well that he preferred him to the episcopal chair of this church anno 1676, unto which he was consecrated by Gilbert Lord Archbishop of Canterbury on the r2th of November the same year. He was a pious good man, and had one excellent property (among many others,) Chap. XIX.] view of Devonshire. 179 of a christian bishop, that he was a lover of hospitahty, which he expressed to all, especially to his clergy, whom he bid very welcome to his table. Hax-ing very well governed this church to a general satisfaction for the space of twelve years, upon the landing of the Prince of Orange (our present sovereign,) on the 5th Nov., 1 688, in Torbay in this county, Bishop Lamp- lugh the day following fled to London to King James II., which that prince took so very kindly that immediately he conferred upon him the Archbishop- ric of York, which had then lain void since the death of Archbishop Doll)en, near about the space of a year and half; he was installed the same month; but did not long enjoy that honour, for within three years continuance in that high throne, he was summoned to appear before an higher, anno 1691. He Heth interred in York Minster. He bears or, a cross flory, sable. Upon the translation hence of Dr. Lamplugh, our late bishop, to the see of York, Sir Jonathan Trelawny, baronet. Lord Bishop of Bristol, was, by the favour of King William and Queen Mary, removed hither. He was bom at Trelawny, in the county of Cornwall, of an ancient genteel family, and was the second son of Sir Jonathan Trelawny, hart. ; upon whose death and that of an elder brother, the title and estate descended upon this gen- tleman, after he was in holy orders and beneficed in his native country. He had his education in Oxford, and was some time a student of Christ Church there. He was preferred to the see of Bristol by the favour of King James II.: and afterwards committed by him (to his never dying honour,) to the Tower of London, together with the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of St. Asaph, the Bishop of Ely, the Bishop of Chichester, the Bishop of Bath and Wells, and the Bishop of Peterborough, for the grievous crime (as 'twas aggravated by the popish party,) of petitioning his majesty that their clergy might be excused from publishing his late declaration of Uberty of conscience (as they were thereby obliged,) two Lord's Days following, in time of divine service, in their parish churches. For this fact they were committed to prison, indicted, and brought to trial ; and after a long hear- ing, being zealously if not maliciously prosecuted on the one hand, and no less bravely and learnedly defended on the other, they were all acquitted, to the confusion of popeiy and the general satisfaction of the whole kingdom. His lordship governs well, but that he is pleased to keep his residence chiefly at his house at Trelawny ; less convenient to the occasions of his clergy and the pubhc exercise of charity and hospitality. 180 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. CHAPTER XX. Of the Inferior Dignitaries of the Church of Exeter. .-^/•j-v'^./s.-*. ^/^./^/^/^/^/•v We wiU now reckon up the other dignitaries of this church, which are four. — The Dean hath priority, (first instituted by Bishop Brewer, and his name, to whom he impropriated Colaton-Ralegh and the manor of Braunton, which continues with him at this day;) and hath the name of Braunton-Dean. He is principal in the chapter which is assembled by him, yet hath but a single voice. The arms belonging to this dignity are, azure, a stag's head cabos- sed and insigned with a cross, arg. He that now supphes the place is Dr. Wilham Peterson, [Dr. Annesley,] younger son of the late Earl of Anglesey. (1695.) The next is the Chauntor, ordained by Bishop Qui vile; (the first that supphed the place was Walter Lichfield, who was slain in coming timely to matins;) to which he impropriated Paynton and Chudleigh. He hath charge of the choir of singers. His ensigns, arg. a saltire azure charged with a fleur-de-lis, or. The present Chauntor, William Cotton. Now George Hooper, Dean of Canterbury. (1695.) The Chancellor is third; appointed also by Bishop Quivile; to whom he allotted Newlin and Stoke- Gabriel. His arms, gul. a saltire arg. between four crosslets or. Dr. Laurence Burnel hath the office. Now Dr. James, Vicar of Harber- ton. (1695.) The last is the Treasurer, to whose care the ornaments, bells, burials, buildings, and treasure are committed. The arms, gul. a saltire engrailed between four leopards' faces, or. Dr. Robert Hall, son of the bishop, is the Treasurer. Dr. Nic. Hall, born at Bridford in this county; son of Emanuel Hall. (1695.) There belong hereunto also four archdeaconries, which are not called dignitates sed quasi dignitates, and yet are termed oculi episcopi, — the bishop's eyes. The first in place is Exeter, which visits nine rural deaneries, and in the Chap. XX.] view of Devonshire^ 181 148 spiritual preferments or parishes. He that hath now the place is Thomas Barret, m. a.: — Edward Lake, d. d. (1695.) Next is Cornwall, and in it eight deaneries, and therein 1 60 spiritual preferments. The now archdeacon is WiUiam Parker: — now Edward Drewe, borne at Grange in this County, m. a. (1695.) The third is Totnes, wherein are nine deaneries and 121 incumbents pre- ferred. He that now visits there is Edward Cotton, m. a. — At present, George Snell, son of Canon Snell, m. a. (1695.) The fourtl^and last is Barum, or Barnstaple, having under his charge six deaneries and 114 spiritual preferments, wherein are included prebends as in the rest. William Helhar hath the place: — now William Read, born in Exeter. (1695.) There is also a sub-dean, who is a choice man of the church, and ac- counted (as I take it,) as the penitentiary of the same. He that now holds the place is Canon Sprat: — now Lancelot Blackburne. (1695.) Of twenty-four prebendaries there are sixteen resident, for so many were there houses provided. But I think of late, some better consideration them thereunto moving, that number is lessened and brought to nine. Those other houses are otherwise employed, and there is only one single canon, which is William Hutchinson, d. D.: — now John Gilbert, Rector of Ply- mouth, born in Northampton. (1695.) The lord bishop's palace is joining to the south-side of the church, and the treasurer's to the north part, and have each a several entrance into ths church from their houses ; but the dean and other canons have their houses in compass about the church-yard, or close, (so called because enclosed by six several gates from the body of the city,) according to a composition be- tween the dean and chapter, and mayor and commonalty. The vicars choral were first instituted by Bishop Leofricus : thev were his chapter, and of them the archdeacon of Exeter [ Precentor,] was presi- dent or principal. They had divers benefactors of the succeeding bishops, as Bishop Brentingham, who finished the building of Calendar- Hay; Bishop Grandisson increased their livehhood, the like did Bishop Lacy, and Bishop Henry Marshal purchased the patronage and lordship of Woodbury, which he impropriated and bestowed on them, which to this age they possess. Bishop Oldam reduced them to the keeping of commons,* and for the * He should have stated that Bishop Brentingham in 13b8 had enjoined them to live 2a ^^'•^ VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. maintenance thereof he gave them certain revenues and impropriated the rectory of Cornwood. CHAPTER XXI. The Monuments and Epitaphs in Saint Peter's Cathedral, Exon. I have endeavoured to give you a compendious abridgement of what oc- curred in my visit, yet hath it been more enlarged than I wished it, but I could do no otherwise, for I meant to present vou with all material passages I could find; and was the more precise in particidars, for that I purposed it should be my last: yet I am assured I have left some articles untouched though not unenquired after : but with all dutiful respects I will leave them for those that shall follow my steps with better authority and more ability and sufhciencv. Now having retained you thus long in this sacred place for devotion, (and fasting, as I suppose,) I seriously meant to have given you a sweet refec- tion of choice epitaphs, to have stayed your stomach for a while, until some other gave you a better banquet; for the variety is so great, as the chapels, choir, nave, ambulatories, cloisters, and towers' floors are almost paved \^-ith them; and such a collation would, (I suppose) for their variety of smacks and tastes, have been agreeable and pleasing to most men's palates and appetites; as also for that I must tender their perpetual preservation, and come with a settled purpose to redeem them from the devouring teeth of age, which hath swallowed up some wholly, and eaten deeply into others, (as you find already in my catalogue.) I wiU be no niggard of what I have; and more you might have had, but that they are kept close prisoners lately, ( in regard of my desire,) or shut up as a concealment, by some new-come inferior officer, that they cannot be visited bv those that tender their per- petual preservation. I would have procured them for you at a more than in comiiiunity, — that Bishop Lacy had appropriated to them the church of Cornwood on the 6th of June, 1 432, towards their better support, — that Bishop Oldam bad assigned to them the churches of Melan and Westleigh on the 10th of February, 1508 — 9, and three days later the chapel of Clist St. Gabriel, and the hospital of the Holy Ghost at Werland, near Totnes. — G. O , — P. J. Chap. XXI.] view of Devonshire. 183 valuable consideration, yet maugre the turpitude of envy, you shall have some which I resei^ed long since in expectancy of some fit opportunity to vent them: such are these I here set before you; take what you hke, and much good may it do you. In our lady-chapel, (with which I will begin, as Leofricus did in his build- ing,) in the higher end thereof, stands a fair monument erected for the Lady Doddridge, with her Hvely shape represented in alabaster, with this inscrip- tion, — " Hie jacet domina Dorothea uxor Johannis Doddridge militis, unius justiti- ariorum domini regis ad placita coram rege tenenda assignati: et filia Amisii Bampfield militis: qua; obiit prime martii Anno Domini 1614." " Mortua jam statua est illustris foemina vivens Viva typus verae quae pietatis erat, Hanc igiturpietas terrse deplorat ademptam Huic pietas caeli regna tenenda dedit." Apostrophe ad spectatorem, — "Mens mea quamgremio corpus conceperat annos Biuos terdeiios, filia parta Deo est. Mors Lucina fuit; Lueem dedit ilia t'ruendam Coeli, quo primae luceo stella notae." "As when a curious clock is out of frame A workman in small pieces takes the same, And mending what amiss is to be found The same rejoins, and makes it true and sound ; So God this lady into two parts took ; Too soon her soul her mortal corpse forsook ; But by his might at length her body sound Shall rise rejoin'd unto her soul now crown'd. Till then they rest, in earth and heaven sunder'd. At which conjoin'd, all such as knew them wonder'd." " His matri charae, cor gnati triste parentat Mortem ejus celebrans, qua sibi vita data est," [Caetera desiderantujr, in M.S.] 184 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE, [BoOK II. CHAPTER XXII.. An Epilogue or Conclusion on the View of Exeter. Thus have I communicated to you (far unlike a scholar, but) as a poor travelling pilgrim passing on his way, what I have seen and observed of the antiquities, names, situations, government, and other things which I found remarkable, worthy your view; registering also all such famous men, whether natives, or by some other good occasion here seated, whose virtues and good quahties have merited much better than to be raked up in the dust of obli- vion; wherein, how great soever my painful endeavours have been to yield you profitable or pleasurable content, yet be it far from my purpose to en- dear them to any such height as to think to gain applause of any; for I cannot perform sufficient to satisfy my own private liking, much less am I assured I shall do it to others, chiefly the inhabitants; for of them divers will say, (and that rightly, for I cannot gainsay it,) that I have observed nothing but common and ordinary things. But let them be pleased to take this answer, that strange and wonderful relations and things of admiration are to be expected from places far remote and newly discovered, and not among ourselves. And for myself, to whom nature hath given a weak in- sight in high and intricate matters, do appeal from the common suffrage to the most learned and judiciously accomplished, whereof (the compass considered,) this city is very fruitful; for they rightly understand that it is not in every man's power to procure the liberty of any imprisoned antiquity or concealment where there are so many vigilant Arguses, so many bars and keys to hinder entrance, even into public places, (without a bountiful hand,) either in church or common hall. And in this my pilgrimage I could never win a consort or assistant, only la- borious Mr. Hooker forewent me long since, and his steps little apparent; and he only chalked the way, (as Scoggin did his wives' to the church,) making the longest way about, the nearest, because the fairest, yet the more doubt- ful, obscure, and uncertain to strangers; (for broken and independent pieces and fragments have little light, pleasure, or profit in them ;) yet question- less', having all assistance that either clergy or laity could yield him, and himself an officer of the city, had he lived some longer time he would have illustrated the same with more than ordinary method and bare relation, such Chap. XXIII.] view of Devonshire. 1^^ as you have received from me: for in my journey through this city I have rowed my simple bark (full fraught with desire to manifest to the world the esteem I have for it,) against wind and tide, and endured the cross currents of slighting, the storms of neglect, the rocks of opposition, (wanting all his assistance,) with my private strength, and am now disembogued and clear out at quay-gate; and if I have failed of elegant style and pleasant discourse, marvel not at all, for where I lost that, some would have lost all patience with it: and yet I cannot forbear, but freely tell you I could have remem- bered many pleasant and merry accidents which have happened here, both ancient and modern; but I will forget all such jests, whose memory revived may lay an aspersion on some deceased, whose posterity now hve in worship and reputation; I shall more wiUingly enlarge in due commendation of their well deservings : for if I lean on any side, it shall be on the right hand, not on the left: for the poet saith, — "Of what is spoken ever make the best, Bear the defect of neighbour and of friend; Cover their fault, publish it not, at least: Ready to praise and slow to reprehend." Here at the quay the citizens land their commodities, which are brought up by water- course, newly made by a device of sluices; for the wears had formerly stopped their passages on the river, whereof elsewhere hath been spoken. CHAPTER XXIII. Of the progress of the River Exe below Exeter. And now we have left this fair city and -are returned to our sweet and pleasant river of Exe, on which you may solace yourself for a while, if you please, and acquaint me how you conceive of your entertainment : if it be not to your contentment the fault is in the cook, that the sauce was not delicious; the meat was good, yet I could have wished both better; but wishing being but an idle and vain wailing for what we want, and to no 186 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK II. purpose, I will seek some better means for your recreation by countiy con- tentments; which being matters of smidry natures, may someway be pleas- ing and answerable to the several disposition and variable humour of every complexion. This matter will require some pains and is worthy thereof, and demands a good judgment and much leisure; but since nature hath denied me both, I will make a brief and bare relation of what I find, and leaving all unnecessary vagaries, take only the choice of things; for the multitude and variety of matters which present themselves to our view is so copious, that if a good election be not made, and those related with brevity, it would oppress the hearer and reader with too tedious and heavy a bur- den. But here is an object for your sight not unworthy the noting. — Yonder stands Floyers-Hays, the seat, by a long descent, of the generous name of Floyer; who, if the Earl of Devon (or his heirs general, his chief lord,) were here present, would not fail to tender his service, (by himself or his tenant,) decently apparalled, with a fair sweet towel on his shoulder, a flagon of vnne in the one hand, and a silver bowl in the other, and so offer to serve his lordship with drink : for by that tenure he is said to hold his lands. This gentleman married Pole : his father, Martin : his grandfather, Kirke. We pass on the left hand Lark-beer, long held by the ancient family of Hull; lately of Smith. Next is Heniton, (so called of old,) now Wear, of the wears there set cross the river, long since the seat of Augustin de Baa, alias Bathe, who had great possessions in his time; but since the fourth year of Edward III., anno 1348, [1330,] it hath been enjoyed by the Hollands, as their e^ddence testifieth; whose seals thereunto annexed express their ancient armories, viz, azure semee de fleur-de-lis, a lion sal. gar. arg. (A vahant knight after some com- bat or martial exercise, recreating himself in a field of lUies.) Their first ancestor was a younger brother to Sir Thomas HoUand, one of the noble society of the first founders of the royal Order of the Garter. This married the coheir of Thorn : his father. Pollard : his grandfather, Wotton. Here falls unto us the streamlet Wonford, whose first spring is near Pols- loe, sometime a nunnery of Black Nuns, dedicated to St Catharine, valued at the sun-ender at £170. 2s. 3^d. And here I am put in mind to con- sider and seriously to meditate upon the fore-intentions of mortal men's purposes in thinking of the first founder of this fabric, endeavouring to make Chap. XXIII.] view of Devonshire. 187 use thereof (if you will join with me,) for ourselves, not in any case to question him, but that we may be informed of this world's vanities. If this free and bountiful gift and religious action were done by the foun- der with a charitable design and pious intent for the service of God and good of his church, (as I verily believe, and so are all obliged by the rules of Christianity to do,) no doubt is to be made but he hath his reward, (his sheaves in his bosom:) but if he did it to the end and pm-pose only to per- petuate and illustrate the memory of his name to posterity, he hath utterly lost his aim, and his desire is frustrate; for it is no where (that I can find,) remembered. I wmII thhik him therefore a true disciple of Bernardus de Laudrico, that famous school-man, and by him taught not to expect merit or reward for any pious or religious work we do in churches, chapels, monasteries, hospi- tals, bridges, or such like, which we build, repair, or bestow any ornaments on ; if we deck and adorn them by setting up our names or armories there- on, or any thing that may be a means to perpetuate or eternize our name. Then this riveret nameth the manor of Wonford, which is thought to 2:ive denomination to the greatest hundred in our shire ; which for his large extent and multiplicity of parishes is divided into three parts, by the names of East, West, and South-M'^onford : the honour of which was sometime in the te- nure of Sir Simon de Montague, whose Son was Earl of Salisbury; and after of Courtenays, Earls of Devon. This stands in the parish of Heavi- tree ; which dull name shows it not ancient, but seems to come from sor- rowful matter, which we term heavy and sad: I take it therefore so to be named for being the place where malefactors are ordinarily executed after the assizes and sessions; for whose more christian-like burial there is (in a spacious large tread- way near the place of execution,) a plot of ground en- closed with strong stone walls, and land appropriated to buy them shrouds. And that the memorv of a woman so charitably disposed mav not be utterlv overwhelmed with oblivion, I think it fit here to record her: it was the work of Jane the rehct of .John Tuckfield, of the city of Exeter; a rehgious woman, another Dorcas: and as in this, so in other pious actions, showed her good works to the glory of God. The manor was anciently the land of Kellv. We pass by Matford, where Sir George Smith erected a house for liis posterity. He married Walker, and one of the coheirs of Viall: his son. Sir Nicholas, (of whom I may say witli Quadrigarius, optimi minime diur- 188 VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK II, nant, — the best men are of least continuance, for he was taken away in the chief of his time:) Yet here methinks but little wonder needs : Do not we gather rather herbs than weeds ? Do not we take the timber for our turn, And leave the dockrels in their time to burn ? And in the shambles, who is he but would Be rather sped of young flesh than of old? with Horsey: his son, (whose issue soon followed him,) a daughter of the Lord Lambert of Ireland. Near unto it is a new and fair erected house built by Radford, and of him named Mount-Radford : from him to Doddridge and Hancock. On our right hand, on the other side of Exe, we have a little supply from a riveret coming from Whitestone, Saxum Album ; (taking name perchance from the whited towers so conveniently standing that it is a mark to ship- ping at sea;) which Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex, held under Edward II. as having the wardship of the heir of John de Powderham. In this stands Heath-Barton, held some time by Heth; by Langdon; by Dowrish; and now by a branch of the dignous family of Pollard, by match with the heir of Dowrish. Then it cometh to the parish of St. Thomas the Apostle, whereat Barley inhabiteth one of the ancient family of the Berrys. Of Floyers-Hays is spoken already. And here, in regard modest, wise, and grateful antiquity, hath not made use only of the thankful and affectionate actions of men, but also of brute animals, and have recorded sundry strange discourses of rare deeds done by them, even to admiration their nature rightly considered. In imitation of whom I may not forbear to show you of one that happened in this later time, not yet out of aged people's remembrance; answerable to, if not ex- ceeding, Xantippus's dog, of whom Plutarch, in the life of Themistocles, maketh remembrance in this sort, — that for love he bore to his master swam by the side of his galley from Athens to Salamina; and at his arrival, his breath faihng him, he presently died upon the promontory, where his master caused him to be buried, and the place to this day is called Cynoscenia — the dog's grave. If such a tale, of such a dog, for such a slender cause, be not unworthy the pen of such a famous historiographer, let me not be thought idly disposed to tell you a tale to pass the time (far more worthy remem- Chap. XXIII.] view of Devonshire. 189 brance, especially in this ungrateful age in which such thankful deeds are seldom performed by men, much less therefore to be expected from brutish unreasonable creatures,) of a dog of Mrs. Cove, or Cave, of this parish. — This dog, bred up of a puppy and fed by his mistress' hand, always in her presence and very familiarly, in time waxed old together with her : she falling sick, keeping her chamber and bed, the cur would never go from her, but be always at hand by her, as ready to give such attendance and service as nature enabled him for. She dying, the dog would not, nor could be enforced to, leave the room, but carefully watched the corpse until it was brought forth to be buried ; at which, like a doleful mourner, he fol- lowed it to the church, and the solemnity finished, settled himself upon the grave, not to be enticed thence by any means that could be used, until some of the house forcibly carried him thence and shut him up close prisoner in the chamber. In all this time he would take no kind of sustenance that was offered him ; but a casement of the window casually left open, he got forth and to the grave again, where he soon died. This seems strange to me, yet the Lord de la Scale reports a history much more admirable, of a courtier's dog in some part of France. This man being in the king's special favour, was envied of many, but especially of a companion of his; and for that, or some other malicious purpose, taking op- portunity when they were both single in a soUtaiy place, traitorously mur- dered and buried him. The party slain had his dog with him, which lay long on his grave till hunger enforced his retui'n home, where being seen and re- membered by some of his master's familiars, (who thought the dog had lost him,) they, according to the old proverb, " love me, and love my dog," caused him to be fed: so he presently returns to the grave, and there stays until hunger constrains him home again. Doing this often, the friends of the deceased began to suspect somewhat in regard of the long absence of his master; always believing that the dog sought him: in which considera- tion they resolve to follow him, and so they did : he leads them to the grave : they dig and find the murdered corpse, which with due rites they caused to be interred elsewhere; all which done, the dog follows his master's friends. Some while after the murderer returns again to the court ; the dog espying him, knows him; flies eagerly at him, and so eagerly pursueth him, that suspicion began to grow in many men's minds that there was some evil in the man, for the dog would never leave pursuing and vexing him. Hereof 2b 190 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK II. the king advertised, commanded the man to be strictly examined. He pro- testeth innocency; yet the cur ceaseth not bawhng and barking at him; whereby he was with a general consent thought guilty. It proceeded so far that the king, for the better trial, ordered that it should be decided by a combat between the man and dog; and the dog had the day. This history (saith he,) is curiously painted in a certain castle in France; and the work, wearing by age, hath been often renewed by the king's command: worthy, saith the author, to be set forth in pictures of brass that it never perish: and farther addeth, " I should rather erect a monument and epitaph to this dog than to Sultan Solyman." Though I have told you a tale or two of dogs, yet it is not my purpose to write a treatise of dogs, or the isle of dogs, for I am presently come out of France, and am with the riveret at Alphington, which John de Nevil held under Henry III., and Theobald Nevil in the time of Edward II. Since which time it hath flourished under the Courtenays. We must proceed to Exminster, anciently Exanminster, pronounced Ex- mister ; which King Alfred many years since bequeathed to a younger son of his; but, in the time of Henry VII. and VIII., the seat of Henry Cour- tenay. Marquis of Exeter, and son of WiUiam Earl of Devon and Katharine his wife, seventh daughter to King Edward IV. He was created Marquis of Exeter by king Henry VIII., 18th of June, 1525, and designed higher preferments. But his high parentage in time brought him great troubles, and subject to many suspicions, as affecting change of state, and assisting Reginald Pole, after Cardinal Pole, of the title of St. Mary of Cosmeden, then a fugitive; practising with the emperor and pope against his native countr)^; was judicially arraigned, found guilty, and condemned, with some other, and executed the 30th of Henry VIII., 1538. Here stands Peimont, commonly Peamoor, which Wilham le Speke pos- sessed under Edward II., in the minority of Thomas Fitz-Ralph; but now the seat of Henry Tothill, who was lately high sheriff of this county, and married [ Mary] the heir of Spark : his father, Geoffry Tothill, recorder of Exeter, married Dillon: his two coheirs, Tothill and Norleigh. I have read that John Giffard held Ackot of Ahce de Tothill in the 20th year of King Edward I. Passuig over the river we find Toppisham, now called Apsham ; for which lordship King Henry I. gave Meriet and CoUiton in exchange. It is now. Chap. I.] view of Devonshire. 191 by means of the stoppage of the river between it and the city, (for thereby the merchants unload most of their commodities at that quay,) and some other means, grown to very good state; and the river Clyst, as it emptieth itself into our river, makes it a peninsula, or head land. END OF THE SECOND BOOK. THE THIRD BOOK TREATETH OF THE EASTERN DIVISION OF THIS COUNTY. CHAPTER I. Of the Circuit of the River Clyst. We may fetch the original of this river beyond Plimtree, perchance Palm- Tree, of a fair yew tree used to be carried by some instead of palm; and such a tree is there now, curiously cut and kept like a pjTamis, but circu- lar and gradatim. Villa de Phmtree was possessed by Nicholas de la Lude in the age of Henry HI.; and under Edward H. by Bartholomew Clyvedon; and by Hungerford in the time of Henry VI. Tale-Court was in these later days held by Goodwine and Stump; and now divided among many. Ford-Moor, the ancient seat of Ford, who married Ashford : his father. Ball. This river giveth name to more parishes, villages, manors, and farms, than any in this country. Lawrence- Clist, or CUst St. Lawrence, having that addition for distinction from others. Clist-Hidon, (now Clehidon,) being the possessions of William de Hidon in the 6th of Edward HL, and in a latter age of Roger Novant; and the former was the land of de Valletort. 192 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOkIII. Rockbear steps in between this and the next Chst, and was in the tenure of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Glocester, in Edward I.'s time. Cliston, or Broad-CUst, which with four parishes more make a hundred, the honour whereof, as also of Clist-^House, had Sir Roger Novant in his time; after, Chudleigh; now Count Arundell, Baron of Wardour. Brock- well, anciently Cromwell's; now Chappie's. Killerton, alias KiUerinton, was long since held by Punchardon; but after many changes it came to Drewe, and now is Ackland's. Tyle-House, which a generous name of Tyle long inherited ; now Reynel. Ash-Clist, held by Esse; after by John Vawtort. Clist-Gerard, the land of William Gerard; of Dennis; of Manwaring, and Hele. Southbrook, the inheritance of OUver Dynant, or Dinham; but passed to another tribe. Clist-Honiton, aUas Hiniton, possessed by Courtenay, who held also the ma- nor of Whimple; for it bare his name and was named Whimple Courtenay. Then have we on your left hand CUst-Moys, now called Poltimore; which Sir Richard de Poltimore held and his predecessors, and posterity for a while after him. From him to Sir Simon de Montague. But since the time of Edward I. it hath been the patrimony of the well-descended, well- respected, well-beloved family of the Bampfields ; who is lord of the whole parish and patron withaU : his mansion-house seated as it were in the navel thereof, well provided for all commodities for hospitality. By the match of his pre- decessors he draws his pedigree from Baron St. Maur; who likewise derived his from the heirs of the Lord Zouch, of Ashby-de-la-Zouch; who descend- ed from Alan Viscount Rohan in Little Britain, and Constantia his wife, daughter to Conon le Gros ( Earl of Britain,) and Maud his wife, natural daughter to King Henry L This gentleman married with Drake: his fa- ther, a sister of the Lord Cliftons: and his grandfather, Sydenham, Next in our way is Pin-hoo, (or, as the young grammarian said, splin- trumqms;) Pinckhoo, or Pinhaws; wherein stood Pincourt; a fair mansion- house, now utterly demolished, or ruinated, I know not which. It was the seat of Stretch, of which progeny was Sir John Stretch, in Edward II. 's days, and another of the same name in Richard II. 's time; one of whose coheirs brought it to Cheyney, alias de Casineto, or de Caneto; whose race lived in great estimation for some few descents, and then his patrimony was divided among four distaffs. [Spinsters.] Chap. I.] view of Devonshire. 193 I cannot yet leave Pin, for it was very famous for being tlie birth-place of that admirable man, both for vutue and learning, John Reynolds, of whose excellent endowments I should speak at large had not his encomium filled already great volumes registered by many famous quiUs; yet briefly this I say, after his first breeding in country schools, he was matriculated in Cor- pus Christi College in Oxford, whereof in short time he was elected Fellow, and there took the degree of Doctor of Divinity ; in which his proceedings and progress, his profound learning and singular piety, was so admired, that he was said to be the glory of the University, the honour of England, and the mirror of Europe, and an elected trumpet to publish the divine word of truth truly. His countenance was the perfect representation of a right mortified man. He was, throughout all his life, a rare example of piety, and a dili- gent, earnest, and yet mild writer agamst the pope; whose volumes pub- lished may be envied, railed at, taxed, and opposed, but not confuted. Death took him away in a little more than the midst of his course, for the world was unworthy of him. He desired no high preferment in the church, nor, being ofi"ered, would accept it : only for a while was he Dean of Lin- coln, but soon resigned it. Then was he President of Corpus Christi Col- lege, and Reader of the Divuiity Lecture, which he performed to his last period, anno 1602. He escaped, or, rather, God preserved him, from a most iminent danger among the archers as he walked to take the air. He passed to a better life 21st May, 1607, much lamented, much wanted, and worthily buried in the chapel of the college, with his true representation and this superscription, — "Virtuti sacrum Johanni Rainoldo, sanctae Theologiae Doctori, eruditione pietate incomparabili, hujus coUegii praesidi qui obiit May 21, A. D. 1607, ^tatis suae 58, Johannes Spenser, auditor, successor, virtutum et sanctitatis ad- mirator. H. M, amoris ergo posuit." Another wrote under his effigy these verses, — "Cum vibrat doctee Reynoldus fulmina linguae Romanus trepidat Jupiter ac merito." The fluent phrase of Reynolds' speech, As lightning, shined clear; Which made the demi-god of Rome Not causelessly to fear. 194 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. We come now to Sowton, or rather South-Town; but anciently CUst- Fomizon, (but more anciently Clist St. Michael,) then the land of Richard de Fomizon, under Henry III., but by his daughter and heir. Esse, alias Ash, was inducted there, and yet there continues: the only remainder of that long hving name and clareous progeny of Esse, who is said to derive his name from the river Esse, now Exe, and he Ash; whose well-known ensigns of generosity are quartered by many families of this county and elsewhere; as none more vulgar, and therefore it shall not need to blazon them here. Of this tribe, besides many worthy tribes and famous men, (for it was a veiy fruitful stirpe, and transmitted or transplanted itself into many several places, and flourished in great state,) there was in the time of King John one very rarely learned and famous, for those times; a dihgent writer, named Simon de Fraxino, alias Esse or Ashe. But I cannot yet leave Mr. Fomizon. I must have another bout with him, and tell you how he was served with a pretty prank.* This Mr. Fomizon was not only lord of the whole parish, but patron also of the church, having the perpetuity of the donation of the benefice, which he lost somewhat strangely, for the variety thereof and cunning therein, not altogether unworthy of your ears. Bishop Walter Bronscombe having gotten the manor house and demesne of Chst-Sachevile, (now Clist-Bishop,) but how you may chance to know when we come to it, and builded a fair pa- lace thereon, and living there, a friar, his chaplain and confessor, fell sick and died, and was by right to have been buried at Farringdon, the palace standing in that parish; but because the church stood somewhat far remoted off, the ways dirty and deep, the weather wet, (or some other pohtic cause not divulged,) the bishop wovdd have the corpse to be carried to Clist-Fo- mizon Church, there to be buried, (which was somewhat nearer, yea border- ing upon the bishop's demesne,) the two parishes being divided only by a standing pool. It was not kept so secret but Mr. Fomizon was advertised thereof, and that maugre his teeth a new Uch-way (a thing of some mo- ment in those days,) should be made over his land. He therefore muster- eth up his servants and tenants, and with that strength stands at the bridge that severed the bishop's lands and his, and when the corpse was brought * The pretty prank is fortunately refuted by the Deed of Purchase and Exchange pre- served in the Bishop's Register, and attested by the most respectable names in the county of Devon. It is printed in p. 34, vol. 2, Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Devon.— G. O., — P. J. Chap. I.] view of oevonshirk. 195 forbiddeth them to enter upon his land. The lord-bishop's men respected it not, but notwithstanding the denial press forward. The gentleman with- stands them, at length the contention grew so eager and hot that my lord's friar was thrown into the water. The bishop's men for the present there let him lie; but the ensuing night, very secretly, took him up and buried him. But my lord takes the matter tenderly and as a very heinous offence, that a reUgious father — a holy friar — his own chaplain and confessor, should be so unreverently cast into the water; and so, instead )f going to heaven by the way of purgatory, might chance light on Charon's boat, and so be carried by water another course ; sends the next day (to have him brought back again with) many of his brethren, the friars, and with all ce- remonies fitting. But here sprung a miracle, the friar was that night taken away by the angels and carried with Enoch into heaAcn, and so was canon- ized a saint; yet his lordship was not therewith satisfied, but continues his spleen against Mr. Fomizon; and first by excommunication, and so succes- sively by other violent and exhorbitant vexations, (too long and tedious to be rehearsed,) so troubled and tormented him, that after much contesting and stronger patience, the gentleman, unable to hold out, was enforced to prostrate himself to the bishop, which could not be accepted without the mediation of great friends; yet their intercession and his humble submission was not powerful enough to expiate the offence and procure pardon and his favour, but that he must give him the patronage of the parish, and a piece of land therewith to be annexed to his manor and demesne of Clist. The Bishop of Exon is still the patron thereof. It might be thought somewhat hard measure and a dear purchase to pay so great a fine for his lordship's friendship; and some of you would have been, per chance, hardly drawn unto it, yet I commend his patience therein; for considering how he dealt with the canons for Cornish-wood, and Mr. Sachvile for the manor of Chst, he did not amiss to do as the pheasant did to the gripe, when he took out two of his young, when he might have taken all and himself together; for, as the poet saith, he thanked him for his favourable kindness : — "A pair of young: ones taketh from his nest, And leaves the fearful recreant the rest; Who gives him thanks his goodness would so do, That might taketh airy and the old ones too." 196 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. In our way is Farringdon, whence was the long continued race of Farring- don, which had in this age a fatal catastrophe by the untimely and unfortu- nate death of a fair conditioned, well qualified, but most unhappy gentleman, who, wanting patience to endure the untimely loss (as he took it, and as I am told,) of a most loving and beloved wife, cut off his days violently and strangely. He had the right spirit of an ancient Roman; among whom, had he lived, he should have had equal honour and commendation with Pubha Cornelia Arria, so highly magnified and extolled by their writers for having lived twenty years with her husband without strife or jarring, when he died, at his funeral cast herself into his grave, and so ending her life was buried with him : and these had hardly lived together the eighth part of that time. But how honourably soever the Romans thought of such actions, yet differs it much from christian virtue; and reprovable, together with Ra- zias' audacious resolution, though approved of, 2 Machabees, c. 14, and all books that allow of it are Apocryphal. We wiU conclude with the di- vine poet, — " For no men ought to offer wilful force To his own self, or his own soul divorce ; But patiently attend the cheerful call, Then to God's hands gladly surrender all." In this parish is the lordship styled CHst-Bishop to this day, though it has lost that lord and found another. In the time of Henry III. it was called CUst-Sachvile, of the then possessor; of which name there were simdry worshipful famiUes in this country, whereof divers of our gentry are de- scended. They gave three several charges in their armories, and yet per chance all of one original. But this Mr. Sachvile of whom I am speaking was outed of his house and land by Walter Bronscombe, the then lord bishop of this diocese, by so subtle and artificial wit- craft as I think it weU worthy the relating, for it excelled in cunning guile the getting of Sowton patronage, formerly spoken of. When St. Lewis King of France, of whom the heroical poet saith — " He that to free from captive fury fell, The fields where erst our captain conquer'd hell, (Courageous zeal setting his soul on fire, Led armed France against the Asian ire:) Chap. I,] view of Devonshire. 197 invited our noble Prince Edward, after King of England by the name of Edward I., of whom words of greater valour and merit might be truly sung and said than of St. Lewis, to a holy pilgrimage for the rescue of Aeon, alias Acres, or Ptolomais, (then by the Saracens beleagured,) and recovery of Hierusalem, which, by permission of King Henry his father, (with Queen Eleanor, his most famous, and desei-vedly so entitled wife,) Edmund King of Sicily, his younger brother, four earls, more barons, knights, esquires, and gentlemen, he royally performed and underwent with great danger and honour. This esquire, Mr. Sachvile, put himself (with a noble and zealous spirit) to sei-ve the prince in these holy wars; and to furnish himself the better, en- gaged this manor in mortgage to the Lord Bishop Bronscombe: but to make all things clear, perspicuous, and plain, among other covenants in the deed this proviso was especially inserted by Walter Bronscombe, that if Mr. Sachvile did, at his return, redeem it, he should not only repay the prin- cipal, but also all such charges as should be bestowed in his absence about the maintenance and reparation of the house, and improvement of the land. This worthy soldier was no sooner set forward in his voyage, but my lord travelled as earnestly in building an extraordinary large and fair house, in- deed a palace for a bishop, and too large and sumptuous for an esquire ; and repaired the outlets and fences about the whole farm in most exquisite manner, and there settled himself to inhabit, (for it was a seat very conve- nient for him, being but an hour's riding from his palace at Exeter.) After some years Mr. Sachvile returns, and viewing his old seat thus metamor- phosed both in lustre and amplitude, was even overjoyed with the good lord bishop's kindness, and with all convenient speed procured the money and tendered it to his lordship, desiring the restitution of his land. It was rea- son, and the good lord denied it not: but Walter Bronscombe, that was always present with the bishop, took a book out of his bosom wherein was set down all the charges, wages, and expenses, (in full and large man- ner,) that had been disbursed in building the houses and trimming the land, (making a very true account, not leaving out a penny,) and earnestly urged to have that also, according to the covenant, or my lord was not to give over his right : which the gentleman perceiving to be so large that it ex- ceeded his ability to repay, did not (as some of you perchance would have done,) appeal to the king his master, or bring him into the chanceiy; but he was better read in Jesus the son of Sirac, who hath taught him and us 2c 198 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. not to strive with our mightier lest we fall into his hands, and again, not to make variance with a rich man lest he bows us down with his weight ; and had heard the tale of the canons for their Cornish-wood : and the bishop was liis mightier, and Walter Bronscombe had more wealth and cunning, and therefore there was no contesting or contending. But what became of all this at last — (it is a lesson for all men,) so gotten, so spent: which Sa- mazara, a neoteric poet hath well expressed in two verses, which in our tongue speak thus, — Whoso feeds fat on fortune's wealth And swallows it too fast. Not able to digest it well Will surfeit at the last. and put up all again : for this bishop was not more griping and greedy to scrape and gain, than some (especially one) of liis successors have been as wasting; reducing the episcopal patrimony to a far less portion than Leo- fi-icus found it at his first instalment here. But as wealth and the desire thereof increased, so virtue decreased; as now we have seen. Here I should forbear to speak further of Clist Bishop, but I may not ere you know that here was crushed the viperous head of that serpent, commo- tion, raised in Cornwall in the reign of Edward VI.: for after those nide insurrectors had received a great overthrow at Feniton Bridge, retiring liither, they fortified both bridge and town; which, though it were the ge- neral's own land, was fired and consumed: but the bridge, planted and strongly fortified with ordnance, could not be forced with the valorous at- tempt of Sir William Francis of Combe-flory, who there winning fame to himself and posterity, lost his life. At length, by the conduct of one Mr. Yard, a native near the place, the river was found fordable, where he pass- ing with many other, they came on the back of the defendants, who (Uttle expecting such a matter,) retreated thence to the lower end of the heath, where they entrenched, fortifying their hasty-made fort with their ordnance; to which, as their last refuge, they brought the crucifix in a cart, (for want of a better altar,) with many other like things, to abate and dull the edge of the assailants' swords; yet the whole rout was here utterly vanquished and suppressed. The whole discourse is elsewhere to be read at large ; to which I refer him that is desirous to be more sufficiently informed. And here I do observe by this action (as many other.) that rehgion is the Chap. I.] view of devonshirk. 199 most forcible motion to provoke the blindest, basest, and dullest hearts of men to the most dangerous, audacious, and re&olutest enterprises : as the Romans, in the time of Romulus, flying before the Sabines, so that the vic- tory plainly showed itself on their adversaries' side : Romulus only remem- bering them of leaving Jupiter and the rest of their gods in the capitol to the possession of their enemies, was sufficient to turn and alter their despe- rate fortune. Yet again to another Clist with the addition of St. George. Here hath inhabited the family of Suckbitch, even (as they affirm) from the conquest; though of no great estate, yet worthy of our remembrance, for that God hath so blessed the tribe that one name should continue so long and in- herit one place. But I suppose it hath been sometime written Sackeby, or Suckby; for it was a generous tribe, and their armories allude to their former names, which are to be seen in Brixton Church, and are quartered by Fortescue of Fallopit. So we leave Woodbury, sometime the land of Damerle, alias de Albemarle, or de Albamara; for by all these we find him written; but now of the vicars choral of St. Peter's of Exon, witli his castle standing in the heath, some- time a wood, as we may conjecture, and thereof to take its name of Wood- berry, or Bury; (the fort in the wood;) not far from the church, as I re- member; built with little cost, without either lime or hewn stone: only a hasty fortification made of mother- earth for the present to serve a turn for need, with plain ditches: the Saxons' usual structure, who commonly lay sub dio, with no other shelter or coverture than the starry canopy; for their custom was not to carry trunks with them, nor troubled they themselves with anything more than their arms. Here, near the bank of the river Exe, stands Nutwel, (in elder time) Castle: but translated to a fair dweUing house by the Lord Dinham, Lord a. High Treasurer of England under Henry VH. (Of tliis name Leland wi'it- eth, Dominus Dinham, (it was then Dinant,) fuit Fundator Sancti Nicholai; [Nectani;] apud Hartland.) His gi-eat estate of his own inheritance and match with the daughter and heir of the Lord Fitzwalters was parted amongst his four daughters and coheirs, thus maiTied, Margaret, the first, to Nicholas Baron Carew; (of whom are all the noble house of the Carews;) Jane, the se- cond, to Lord Zouch : (of whom is the now Lord Zouch ;) the third, Elizabeth ; first wife to Fulk Bourchier, Lord FitzwaiTcn; (of whom is the now Earl of 200 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. Bath;) and secondly to Sir John Sapcotts of Rutlandshire, (of whom is the Earl of Bedford :) Katharine, the youngest, was married to Sir Thomas Arundell of Lanherne in Cornwall. Of his natural son. Sir Thomas Dinham, knight, I will not speak, but leave to him that travels Kent to remember. This Nutwel- Court at the partition came to the Lord Zouch, by which name it was ahenated to George Prideaux, Sergeant- at- Law, much respected for his knowledge therein and general learning. His son's son now pos- sesseth it, with equal virtue to his predecessors. Sir Thomas married the coheir of Cole: his father. Cooper: his grandfather, Stukeley. CHAPTER n. Of Powderham Castle and the noble Family of Courtenay. Having passed Lympstone and Withecombe, (which Albemarle so held by no common tenure, but only to find the king two good arrows stuck in an oaten cake when he pleased to come and hunt in Dartmoor,) we will now look over the river Exe to the other side, to take view of that fair object which offers itself to our view : we cannot survey it well unless we go nearer unto it. Exe is here large and navigable, and scorns to be forded ; in this boat we may take a better view of it than before. It shows hke a strong defensible castle. Is there no doubt to approach near it.'' no: fear not: it is indeed a castle, but fortified chiefly by a noble heart that keeps bountiful hospitality like his honourable ancestors, and gives kind and courteous entertainment to all comers. This Powderham Castle, the seat of long continuance of the illustrious family of the Cottrtenays, Uneally descended from the famous earls of this county, allied by affinity to most honourable houses of this kingdom, and yet flourisheth in high estimation, worthy their descent from such parentage. He married Pole and Seymour : his father, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Manners; second of that name. Earl of Rutland : his grandfather, Elizabeth, daughter of John Pawlet, Marquis of Winchester. This castle was built, saith Mr. Camden, by Isabella de Ripariis,* not * It never belonged to Isabella de Fortibus, who died in 1293, but to the Bohuns, Chap. II.] view of Devonshire. 201 by her lord and husband, William Earl of Albemarle, (de Forts, or de For- tibus,) which I may not gainsay; but were not his ipse dixit sufficient au- thority, I should rather think it began before her time, but furthered and finished by her: from whom it came to the Courtenays: of which descent, in France, (for from thence the first came hither with Queen Eleanor, wife to Henry II., daughter and sole heir to WiUiam Duke of Aquitain, Earl of Poictiers and Tholouse, the fifth of that name,) Reusnerus, Tillet, or Hem- ing can inform you, though they differ somewhat in their relations : but of their descent in England I show you what I find. With Queen Eleanor came out of France, anno 1151, into England, a no- ble and generous knight, ycleped (so they said in those days,) Sir Reginald de Courtenay, and with him his son Wilham, (or as others will, Robert,) the first of that family in Devon. To this Sir Reginald the king (in regard of the many worthy quaUties and virtues wherewith he was richly accom- phshed,) gave the two daughters and coheirs of Maud de Averanches (daughter and sole heir of Robert de Averanches, son and heir of another Robert de Averanches by Emma his wife; sister and heir of Richard, son and heir of Baldwin de Brioniis, (abas Baldwinus de Sapp,) to whom the Norman Conqueror gave the barony of Okehampton with Albreda his niece;) named Viscount of Devon. Hawis, or Avis, eldest of these two ladies, was daughter by her first hus- band, the Lord of Aincourt ; which was married to WiUiam, the son, by whom he was Baron of Okehampton ; (and the king gave him also the ma- nor of Sutton near Oxford.) His issue was, first, Robert; secondly, Regi- nald; thirdly, William. The second daughter, Maud, Sir Reginald Cour- tenay himself married, (of whom, forasmuch as she died issueless, I might forbear to speak were it not in regard of her father,) was but half sister to Havis, only by the mother's side, begotten by a second husband, Robert Fitzroy; a fourth natural son to King Henry I. (I mean not Robert, Con- sul or Earl of Gloucester, born of Nest, the daughter of Rice ap Tudor, Prince of South- Wales, that so vaUantly fought for his sister Maud the em- Earls of Hereford and Essex, and was held under them by a family of the name of Pow- derham. Towards the middle of the fomteenth century it passed, either by forfeiture or default of issue, to Margaret Bohuu, the wife of Hugh Courtenay, second Earl of Devon. On her death, 16th December, 1391, it was settled on her younger son. Sir Philip Courtenay, and the heirs male of his body. Sir Philip died 29th July, 1419.— G.O,,— P. J. 202 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BooK III. press ; for he married Mabel, daughter of Robert Fitzhamon, Lord of Car- boil in Normandy, Cardiff in Wales, and Tewkesbury in England ; and had fair and fruitful issue.) This son he had by Edith, sister of Ive, son to Forme, the son of Segewolfe, a baron in the north parts. Some doubt may be made of this second Robert Fitzroy, Baron of Okehampton, but there be many deeds yet to be showed to prove it, besides the red book in the Ex- chequer : and that the Earl of Gloucester and he were not both one and the selfsame man: for Mr. York never saw all this king's natural issue; for he had two sons more and as many daughters, of whom you may have further intelligence hereafter. Robert Courtenay, son and heir, (for leaving the two younger brothers, I will speak only of him,) married Mary, eldest daughter and at last sole heir of William de Vernon, Earl of Devon, (to whom her father gave caput ho- noris sui in Devon, cum castello de PUmton; after whose decease she was re-man-ied to Peter de Pruz, or Prous, of whom there is also issue remain- ing;) by whom Robert had issue Sir John. This man was bui'ied at Ford- Abbey, anno 1242, with this epitaph, if rightly transcribed, — " Hie jacet ingenui de Courtenay gleba Roberti Militis egregii virtutum laude referti. Quem genuit strenuus Gulielmus Courtoniensis. Qui procer eximius faerat tunc Devoniensis." Sir John Courtenay, knight, Baron of Okehampton, married Isabel, daughter of John de Vere, seventh Earl of Oxford, and had issue Hugh: he died anno 1273. Hugh, Lord Courtenay, married Eleanor Spencer, (alias le Despencer,) and had issue Hugh, and Phihp of Moreton: and Isabella married to St, John : Avellina wife to Gifford : and Margaret married to Nichols. [John de Moelis.] Hugh, Lord Courtenay was by letters missive to the sheriff of the county, dated at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, [22nd Feb. 9th Edward III., 1335,] declared Earl of Devonshire. And now having brought this family to the earldom of this county, I think it will be expected as coherent and agreeable to our proceedings to offer unto youi- view a catalogue of such as have been honoured with that title; and yet perchance of some it will be thought superfluous, in regard there ai-e two or three extant already by men of great sufficiency: yet, they differing Chap. III.] view of Devonshire. 203 in divers points, I will mediate between them, and do my endeavours to make a reconciliation. Some I find preceding the Norman conquest (which I thuik rather temporary commanders and lieutenants than hereditary ho- noxirs,) which they have not noted ; I will show you what I have read, for I have no other warrant. CHAPTER III. A Catalogue of the Earls and Dukes of Devon before the Conquest. I should begin with Duke Corinseus, but some may say he was of Corn- wall ; if he were so, then (if there were such a man,) he must also be of this county: for before King Athelstan's time (it is generally consented) they were but one province : but his existence being uncertain, we will leave him without farther speech. Vortigern is next named, of whom nothing in the MS. Ceorle had the title of Earl of Devon, who at Winleshore gave a great overthrow to the whole power of the Danes in the time of King Ethelwolfe, A. D. 839, so that in despair they withdrew themselves unto the Isle of Thanet, where they abode all the winter season; and if de§,tiny (saith one) had not opposed the English, the Danes by this defeat had been clearly expulsed the king- dom. Ordgarus, or Odogarus, was Duke of Devon; whose fair daughter El- phreda was second wife to the noble and vaUant King Edgar, thirteenth monarch of this kingdom. Ordolph, his son, succeeded him; of whose length and strength is much spoken : (wonderful he, as some think :) this man, admonished by a vision from heaven, built the Abbey of Tavistock, anno 961, of whom you shall know more when we come thither. Hugh, Earl of Devon, (as Dicetus saith,) by whose traiterous instigation Sweno, King of Denmark, came with a great army and besieged the city of Exeter, took and burned it, torturing the inhabitants with great cruelty, leaving it at his departure waste and unpeopled : a man very unworthy to be registered: but wc find them, and make none. He lived a small time in that command. 204 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE, [BoOK III. Goda (as saith Simon Dunelmensis,) was Earl of Devonshire. He fought a great and long battle with the Danes, and defeated their whole power, anno, 989; in which fight he also lost his own life, together with Stem- wold, a man highly commended both for his valour and martial skill; in great love and esteem in these parts in those days; who at this fight served the earl. Almarus was also near about this time, who, by the advice of the country- people, was contented (with the willow to wave with the wind, and tempo- rize in that furious storm) to yield to the sharpest sword, and pay tribute to the Danes. Ethelmar, (saith Matthew of Westminster,) a powerful man and Earl of Devon, met Sweno at the city of Bath, and submitted himself and all his people unto him and to pay contributions; which, through want of victuals, he was enforced (for a sum of money) shortly to release ; and so he returned forthwith into Denmark. He may be supposed to be one and the same with Almarus next before. Elfius, Prince of Devonshire : whose son, Brithricus, a very hopeful man, was slain by King Canutus. Albert, Earl of Devon, was a testis to a deed made by Martin, Duke of Cornwall. Of him I have no other authentical remembrance whereon to depend. These are all those that I find registered by writers of those times. But after the Norman conquest we have a more certain and assured testimony, in regard these tribes were made hereditary. CHAPTER IV. Of the Earls of Devon after the Conquest, and First of Redvers. Richard de Ripariis, alias Rivers, intitled Le Sire de Riviers, son of Baldwin, to whom King Henry I. gave Tiverton and the barony of Plimton, creating him also Earl of Devonshire; granting him the third penny of the revenue of the county, which was ten marks. He had issue Baldwin, Chap. IV.] view of Devonshire. 205 Baldwin Rivers was second Earl. He fortified the city of Exeter against King Stephen, for the which he was banished England with his wife and children, anno 1136. He married a lady called Adeliza, and by her had issue Richard, Henry that died young, and William surnamed de Vernon. He died 1 156, and was buried in the Abbey of Quarrer, in the Isle of Wight, which with Twynam or Christ Church he had built. Richard, son and heir, was third Earl, and married Hawis, one of the co- heirs of Reginald Earl of Cornwall, natural son to King Henry I. He left at his death two sons very young, Baldwin and Richard, who both died without issue; and then died in Cenimonia [ Le Mans,] in France, anno ] 162, as Montanensis avers. Baldwin, eldest brother, was fourth Earl. He married Alice, saith one; but I find Avicia, daughter and heir of Ralph de Doll, in Berry, and lived not long, and died sans issue; and his relict was re-married to Andrew de Chauvens. Richard, the second brother, succeeded, and was fifth Earl of this county; who married, as some say, Margaret, daughter and coheir of John Lord Bysat ; but according to the book of Plympton, Emma, daughter of Roger de Pont-Arches. He died without issue, and was interred at Montebourg in Normandy, anno 1166. He bore, or, a lion ramp., azure : the first that bore this coat. His predecessors bore gul. a griffin seizing a little beast, or. WiUiam, surnamed de Vernon, of Vemona in Normandy, for that he was there either bom or brought up in learning ; after the decease of his young- est nephew was sixth Earl of Devonshire. He married Mabel, daughter to Robert Earl of Mellant, by Maud, one of the coheirs of Reginald, Earl of Cornwall; by whom he had issue Baldwin, who married a daughter of Warin Fitzgerald, and had issue a son named Baldwin, successor to his grandfather, and died before the Earl, his father. This Earl William had two daughters: Mary, eldest, married to Sir Robert Courtenay; of whom before: Joan, the second, was first married to WiUiam Bruer the younger. Baron of Torbay ; and after his decease to Hubert de Burgo, chamberlain to King John; and by Henry III. created Earl of Kent. He died anno 1216. This is he that I conceive to be generally named the good Earl of Devon ; on whose monument was inscribed that epitaph so vulgarly spoken of as thus, "Hoe! hoe! who lies here ? I, the good Earl of Denshire ; 206 VIBW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. And Maud* my wife that was full dear : We liv'd together fifty -five year. That we have we gave ; That we spent we had; That we left we lost." I remember I have somewhere read in a printed poem this epitaph hardly censured and condemned (unjustly, as I suppose,) of a smack of sensual de- lights and beastliness, (so are the words,) and compared in a sort (though as it seems to me it expresseth a pious and rehgious mind,) to that of the luxurious, riotous, and beastly King Sardanapalus ; who caused certain verses to be written on his tomb in Greek, which by Cicero (as some say) are thus translated, — " Heec habui quae edi, quaeque exsaturata libido Hausit, at ilia manent multa et preeclara relicta :" and thus put to me in English, — " All that I eat did I enjoy, and all that I greedily gorg'd ; As for those many goodly matters left I for others." This seems to me a very unfit comparison, and too severe a censure; for christian charity would understand this old, bountiful, and rehgiously affect- ed earl and his poet's meaning thus, — That they spent no more than was their own rightfully, without extorting from others unlawfully or unjustly; and that he died not indebted. — ^That what he gave to the poor or to charitable and pious uses, as very fair land to the Abbey Quarrer, to pray for the soul of King Henry, his lord; the Earl Baldwin, his father; Adehcia, the Countess, his mother; Earl Richard, his brother; and for the health of Maud, his Countess, and Baldwin, their son; as is to be seen in his deed dated 4th Sep., 1206; which in those days was not only approved as good and lawful, but laudable and meritorious, — was lent to the Lord, and so they had it repaid them again : and what they left behind them chested and heaped up in treasury might rust, and was to * Another reading (p. 142, Cleaveland,) Mabel is incorrect. There can be little question of the effigies being intended for Edward Courtenay, the first of that name, Earl of Devonshire, who died 5th December, 1419 ; yet he attained the age of 62 only, and was buried, with many of his ancestors, in Ford Abbey. Were they not married 35 instead of 55 years ?— G. O.,— P. J. Chap. IV,] view of Devonshire. 207 them as lost, not being employed to their right use. I hold therefore this comparison very unfit: the one a rehgious and bountiful knight, and chris- tian soldier; and the other a dissolute and ignoble-hearted epicure; rather to be termed only a mere animal than a reasonable man: for he was so far unlike a man, that he kept himself always chambered, carding and spinning with his lewd strumpets ; walterhig, wantonizing, and beast-like tumbling ; unfit to be rehearsed by a christian mouth. For being deceased, there was made a statue for him in this manner : a man dancing by himself alone, after a barbarous and brutish fashion, knocking his fingers (as it were,) over his head like an antic, with this inscription, [in English thus,] — What I did eat and drink I have, The sports also were gain ; That lady, Venus, did vouchsafe : All else to me was vain. But leaving the examination of this rigorous comparison to your favourable consideration, we will proceed with the seventh earl. Baldwin, son of Baldwin, son of William de Vernon, was he. He mar- ried Amicia, daughter of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester, and foundress of the Abbey of Buckland ; and had issue Baldwin his suc- cessor, 1245. Isabella married to William de Fortibus, Earl of Albemarle: Margaret made nun at Lacock. Baldwin was the eighth Earl of Denshire, and the fifth of that christian name. He married Avice, the daughter of , a Savoyan born, near kinswoman to Queen Eleanor, and had issue a son named John, who died young, without issue ; leaving Isabella, Countess of Albemarle, his sis- ter, his heir; anno 1262. Isabella, sister and heir of Earl Baldwin, was, as is formerly said, mar- ried to William de Fortibus, who enjoyed the profits of the earldom all his life, yet was never styled Earl of Devon. Her issue was John, Thomas, William ; all three died before her, sans issue ; and Ann, who died unmar- ried ; and Aveline, first married to Ingram de Percie, and secondly unto Edmund Earl of Lancaster, second son to King Henrj' III.; but had issue by neither of them : yet she gave much of her inlieritance to the last, (being so persuaded by her lady-mother,) from her nearest kindred, the Courte- nays. We will not therefore number William de Fortibus as one of the earls, but pass to another line. 208 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK III. CHAPTER V. Of the right noble family of the Courtenays, Earls of Devon. Hugh Lorp Courtenay, Baron of Okehampton, was, by his grandmother, Mary, eldest daughter, and now, by the death of Isabella de Fortibus, heir to the Rivers ; but was not presently admitted by the treasurer and barons of the Exchequer, to receive the third penny, being not admitted earl ; and Walter Stapeldon, Bishop of Exeter and treasurer to King Edward II. ut- terly denied it; whereupon he was enforced to petition King Edward III., who, in the ninth year of his reign, by letters missive, dated at Newcastle upon the 22nd of February, gave order for the payment thereof ; and more than so, sent a mandamus to the sheriff of the county, charging him quod tam in comitatu tuo quam in aliis locis, in Baliva tua facias publicari, quod. omnes de csetero prsefatum Hugonem comitem Devon nominent ; and -the morrow after sent to the treasurer and barons of the Exchequer that from thencefoi-ward they should cause the sum of £18. 6s. 8d. (for so much it was raised since Henry I.'s time; for then it was but ten marks;) to be yearly paid according as his ancestors had received it, nomine comitis. He married Agnes, sister of Sir John St. John, knight, by whom he had issue Hugh ; Sir Thomas Courtenay, knight, who man-ied Muriel, one of the two coheirs of John Lord Mule ; John, Abbot of Tavistock ; Robert ; Eleanor, wife to John Gray; Elisabeth, married to Bartholomew de Insula, or the Isle of Wight; Egline, wife to Robert Lord Scales. This earl died anno 1340, and was buried at Cowick. Hugh Lord Courtenay, son and heir, was tenth earl, and married Marga- ret, second daughter of Humphry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex, by Elisabeth, daughter of King Edward I., the relict of John Earl of Hol- land ; and had issue Hugh, who married Elisabeth, daughter of the Lord Guy de Biyan, and had issue by her another Hugh; who married Maud, daughter of Sir Thomas Holland, knight, (she was after re-married to Walleran Earl of St. Pol in France ;) by Joan, his wife ; (called the fair maid of Kent ;) daugh- ter of Edward Earl of Kent ; (she was afterward wife to Edward The Black Prince ;) and died without issue, before the earl his grandfather, as his fa- Chap. V,1 view of Devonshire. 209 ther also did. Edward, second son, whom some would have to be earl, but he died before his father also, yet married Emline, daughter and heir of Sir John Dauney, knight, and had issue, first, Edward Earl of Devon, after his grandfather : Sir Hugh Courtenay of Boconock and Haccomb, knight ; whose issue, after the extinction of the elder line, will in time enjoy the earldom : Sir Thomas Courtenay, knight : fourth, John, who encountered Monsieur Boucequant (that famous man at arms,) at his tournament in France, anno 1390 ; King Richard II. being King of England, and Charles VI. of France : fifth. Sir Philip Courtenay of Powderham, knight, whose issue flourisheth there to this day : sixth, William Archbishop of Canterbu- ry: seventh, Humphry Courtenay: eighth. Sir Peter Courtenay, of whom his valour and virtue meriting perpetual remembrance,) I shall have occa- sion to speak somewhat largely after I have numbered his sisters and their matches. First, Elisabeth, first married to Sir Andrew Lutterel, knight, and secondly to Sir John Vere, knight, second son to Aubrey de Vere, tenth Earl of Oxford, by whom she had no issue : second, Margaret, first mar- ried to Theobald Grenvile, (yet others say that Margaret his wife was daugh- ter to Sir Hugh Courtenay of Boconock, and so niece to the Lady Marga- ret ;) and secondly to the Lord Cobham : third, Katharine, married first to William Lord Harrington, and after to Sir Thomas Engain : fourth, Maud : fifth, Joan, to Sir John Cheverton, knight : sixth, Eleanor : seventh, Gui- nora : eighth, Isabella : ninth, Philhppa. This earl died at Tiverton, anno 1377, and was bm-ied, with his lady, in the body of St. Peter's Church at Exeter, with both their representations on a fair monument of alabaster, and over it a sumptuous curious little chapel, lately taken down. Now I may not forget my promise in telling you somewhat of the vahant acts of Sir Peter Courtenay, the youngest son of this earl. In the reign of Charles VI. of that name. King of France, anno 1389, there were divers knights in his court, much noted and famous for their valour and skill in exercise of arms ; whereof three were, for their prowess, vulgarly noted and spoken of in other countries, namely. Monsieur de Boucequant ; second. Monsieur Reynant de Roy ; third, Monsieur de St. Pie ; all gentlemen of the king's chamber. These three proclaimed a tournament to be held at Paris the 20th of November, which was worthily performed ; whereat were present 100 English gentlemen at arms. At this time (it should seem) our knight. Sir Peter, was, by reason of his youth, unfit to manage arms, (for 210 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. his brother, John, who was the fourth before him, was then an actor with high commendation.) But in short time after Sir Peter, of a high spirit, full of valour and mihtary virtue, obtained leave of King Richard II. to pass to Paris ; where, after he had rested a few days, he challenged Monsieur Tremoulye, a noble gentleman, who, accepting it, obtained license to an- swer it, and appointed both day and place. The King, associated with the Duke of Burgundy and many other great estates, were present to behold it. The first course was exceeding well performed of both parties, and with high commendation : but the king inhibited farther proceeding ; seemed ofifend- ed with our knight, which made suit to do his uttermost ; Su* Peter there- with grieved, thought good to leave the country, wherewith the king was very well pleased, and sent him an honourable gift, (the Duke of Burgundy did the like,) and commanded Monsieur Clary (a great lord,) to accompany him to Calais, then Enghsh. By the way they visited Walleran, third of that name. Earl of St. Pol's, (who had married King Richard's half-sister, Maud, daughter to Sir Thomas Holland, and the widow of Hugh Courtenay, the younger son of Sir Hugh, Sir Peter's eldest brother;) where he had fair entertainment; and sitting at supper had communication of divers matters; and among sundry other questions, the earl asked him how he hked the realm of France, and his opinion of the worth of the nobihty thereof. To which demand our knight, with a somewhat sour countenance, rephed, that he found in France nothing to be compared with the magnificence of England, yet for friendly entertainment he had no cause to complain ; but for the chief cause that moved him to come thither he was unsatisfied, for, saith he, I protest before all this honourable company that if Monsieur de Clary had come into England and challenged any of our nation, he should have been fuHy answered ; but other measure hath been tendered me in France; for when Monsieur Tremoulye and I had engaged our honour, after one lance broken the king commanded me to stay : I have therefore said, and wherever I come I will say, that in France I was denied reason and leave to do my uttermost. Monsieur Clary was much moved at these speeches, (yet having charge to conduct Sir Peter safely to Calais,) for the present forbore; but the earl rephed, " let me tell you. Sir Peter, it appears to me that you depart from France much honoured, in regard the king vouchsafed to entreat you to stay the fight, whom to obey is wisdom and praiseworthy. Chap, v.] view of Devonshire. 211 NovF having taken his leave of the earl, he passeth forth with Monsieur de Clarv, and as soon as they were entered the confines of the English ter- ritories, Sir Peter very heartily thanked him for his noble company : but Monsieur de Clary having a deep impression in his mind of the eager speech- es uttered at the Earl of St. Pol's table, replied in this sort; " Sir, now I have done my duty in performing the king my master's commands in con- ducting you safe to your friends, I must, before we part, remember you of your inconsiderate speeches uttered in contempt of the nobiHty of France ; and that you may have no reason or cause to boast (when you arrive in England,) that you were not answered in France, so here I am, though inferior to many other, this day or to-morrow ready to answer and encounter you ; not for malice to your person, or gloriously to vaunt of my valour, but to pre- serve the true fame and lustre due to our French nation, which never grant- ed gentlemen in arms to answer any English challenge.'" " You speak well and nobly (quoth our knight,) and with a very good wiU I accept your challenge ; and to-morrow I will not fail to attend you armed with three lances, according to the French custom." Upon this agreement and resolution Sir Peter goes for Calais, there to be furnished with arms for the combat; and the Lord John Warren, then governor, was made privy to his intent. The next day he returns to meet Monsieur de Clary between Calais and Boulougne, and with him were the Lord Governor and other gentlemen to behold it. At the first course either partv brake well; but at the second, by default of the English knight's armour, he was hurt in the shoulder, which moved the Lord Warren to tell Monsieur de Clary "you have dealt discourteously to hurt Courtenay, his armour being broken." To which he answered, "I am sorry; but to govern fortune is not in my power; it might have happened to me that befell to him;" and so they departed each his way. But de Clary's welcome to the king his master was very harsh, heavy, and sharp, worthy the relation, in regard it learneth us how to carry our- selves in princes' affairs, not to exceed our commission ; but it would be too long and beside my purpose to treat of. But to conclude with our knight: he died in the flower of his age, and was interred near his father under a fair blue marble stone, with his picture in brass, armed cap-a-pee; which is still to be seen, with this epitaph in metre, — " Devonie ualuscomitis, Petnisque vocatus: Kegi cognatus; camerarius intitulatus; 212 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE, [BoOK III. Calesie gratus: capitaneiis ense probatus: Vita privatus fuit hinc super astra relatus Et quia sublatus de mundo transit amatus Celo firmatus: maneat sine fine beatus." But to return again to our Earls, and to do our best to reconcile some differences among our learned antiquarians. Here Mr. York, in his cata- logue and conJFutation of other men's errors, runs into two gross mistakings; first, in placing Edward, the last earl's son for the eleventh earl, which can- not possibly be, he dying before his father; as plainly appeareth by divers inquisitions found, whereof you may take this for one. — "Juratores dicunt per sacramentum suum quod Hugo Courtney comes Devon, (meaning this Edward's father,) obiit 2do die Mail, anno 51. Edward 3tii, et quod Edwardus, filius Edwardi filii dicti Hugonis, (here you see it most mani- fest and apparent plain,) est consanguineus et hoeres ejusdera Hugonis, est setatis 20 annorum et amplius," Edward Courtenay, surnamed the blind, (for I will enlarge this no far- ther,) son to Lord Edward, second son to the last Earl Hugh, is by right account the eleventh Earl of this county; and married, as Mr. York boldly saith, Eleanor, second daughter of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March and Ul- ster, and had issue Hugh, and so forth. But this was a strange oversight in a man so long experienced in his profession, for it is manifestly contrary to all other men's opinions, and opposite adverse to the pariiament rolls of the 1st of King Edward IV., which speaketh thus. — " Lyonel Duke of Clarence, who was third son to King Edward III., had, by Ehzabeth his wife, daughter and only heir to William de Burgo, Earl of Ulster, issue Philip, his only daughter and heir, and died; and the same Phihp was married to Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, and by him, the said Edmund, had issue Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, her son and heir; and so Edmund and Philip died. Roger Mortimer, son and heir of them, married Eleanor, daughter of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, and had issue Edmund Earl of March; who, by his wife, Anna, daughter of Edmund Earl of Stafford, had no issue at all; second Roger, the second son, died young also, without issue and unmarried. Anna, eldest daughter, was married to Richard of Conesburgh, Earl of Cambridge, and had issue Richard Duke of York, father to King Edward IV. Eleanor, second daughter, died without issue. So this marriage, and especiallv to have issue, can in no wise be ve- rified." Chap. V.] view of Devonshire. 213 There needs no farther proof : yet if any doubt be made, there is an old historical roU, which expresseth it also very plainly that he liad no issue, which saith thus : — " Right thus did cease of the Marchis blood, The heir male : whither passed the night Of the Marchis Londis, and to whom it stood I would fain learn if that I might. Sir Roger Mydil Earl, that noble knight, Twin daughters left of his blood royal. That one's issue died, that other hath all. What height that lady whose had grace This lordship to attain : Dame Ann I wis : To the Earl of Cambridge, and she wife was. Which both be dead : God grant them bliss." &c. But now to leave this noble earl without wife and yet to have lawful is- sues (as others have done,) would seem both against law and reason ; and we may very well deserve the same attribute with him, and be termed bhnd. I will therefore aim at some likelihood to supply this defect, and reconcile the difference; yet but as one that gropeth in the dark. In the church at Tiverton (the place of the earl's chief residence,) I find divers of their arms with their matches impaled : amongst other, there is the coat of the Lord Camois impaled with Courtenay's ; and therefore (not reading or any way informed that any other of that name and house matched with Camois,) I have good reason to suppose and think that he married with a daughter of Thomas Lord Camois who hved in that age : and in that church next in place I found the arms of March, and Ulster impaled also with Courtenay's; which persuades me to believe there was a match also that way; which I take to be thus, — This Earl Edward, surnamed the blind, had issue, first, Edward, his el- dest son. Lord Courtenay, who received the order of knighthood in the 2nd King Henry V., and died sans issue before his father; and it is probable that this was that Edward Lord Courtenay that married (if any did,) with Eleanor Mortimer, and concurs with the rithmical roll before transcribed. Now to prove that his eldest son was Edward, there have been lately divers deeds extant ; one in the 3rd of Henry V., concerning the advowson of the rectory of Kentisbear, wherein he is named Dominus Edwardus Courtenay, 2e 214 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. junior ; with many other to be produced. His second son was Hugh, who succeeded him in his honour and lands. Hugh Lord Courtenay, second son and heir, was the twelfth Earl of De- von. He married Ann,* daughter of Richard Lord Talbot, and had issue Thomas, his successor. Thomas Courtenay was the thirteenth Earl of Devon, and married Mar- garet, daughter of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, (Joan, her eldest sister, was wife to James, first King of Scots.) and had issue, first, Thomas, who succeeded him ; second, Henry, beheaded 6th Edward IV., in the city of Sahsbury; third, John, slain at Tewkesbury 1 0th King Edward IV.; Joan, wife to Sir Roger Clifford, knight ; Elizabeth, married to Sir Hugh Con- way, knight. This earl was beheaded the 3rd of April, in the 1st year of King Edward IV., 1461. Thomas, his eldest son, was fourteenth Earl of this shire, and held it a small time after his father's death, who was put to death the 3rd of April, 1st Edward IV., and this Earl the 4th of November following, in the same year ; upon whose execution, the elder line of the Courtenays either extinct or out of favour, this honour was conferred upon another line. Humphry Stafford, of Southwike, son of William Stafford, of Hook, esq., was, by King Eward IV., created fifteenth Earl of Devonshire, anno 1469. He married Isabel, daughter and heir of Sir John Barry, knight, but died issueless : for he was an earl but of three month's continuance ; for revolting at the battle of Banbury from his advancer, he was taken by some of King Edward's friends, and for his cowardice was, without process, executed at Bridgewater. After his death his widow was married to Sir Thomas Bour- chier, knight. He bears, or, a chev. gul. within a bordure engrailed sab. Now you are to remember that I have showed you that Edward Lord Courtenay (second son and heir of Hugh Courtenay, tenth Earl of Devon- shire,) who died before his father the earl, left two sons ; Edward, surna- med the Blind, the eleventh Earl, whose line (by the sword) is now expired ; and secondly, Hugh. * Her circular brass seal, richly gilt, was found in Catharine-Street, Exeter, 2nd Sep- tember, 1839, and is now in the possession of William, Earl of Devon. The legend is SiGiLLVM Anne Covktenay Comitisse Devonie. Probably after the death of her lord, she removed from Tiverton Castle, to the Rectory House of Tydcombe in Tiverton parish, where Bishop Lacy licenced a chapel for her use 21st January, 1425. — G. 0,, — P. J. Chap. V.] view of Devonshire. 215 This Hugh married Matilda,* daughter to Sir John Beamont, of Sherwell, knight, and had issue Sir Hugh Courtenay, knight ; secondly he married Philippa, daughter and one of the three coheirs of Sir Warren Lerchdeacon, of Haccomb, knight, and by her had one only daughter (and heir to her mother,) named Joan ; first married to Sir Nicholas Carew, and secondly to Sir Robert Vere, knight, (second son to Richard de Vere, eleventh Earl of Oxford,) and by her he was father of John, that was father of John fif- teenth Earl of Oxford. Sir Hugh Courtenay, of Boconock, knight, married Margaret, daughter of Thomas Carmino, esq., and had issue Edward Earl of Devon, and four daughters, who in time came to be heirs of the family and to divide that large patrimony. Edward Courtenay, son and heir of Sir Hugh, after the death of Earl Stafford was, by the favour of King Henry VII., (26th October, in the 1st year of his reign,) restored to blood and to be the sixteenth Earl of this coun- ty. He married EUzabeth, daughter of Sir Philip Courtenay, of MoUand, knight, and had issue WiUiam. He died in May, 1509. William Lord Courtenay, only son and heir, having been attainted in his father's lifetime was not created the seventeenth Earl of this shire until the 10th May, 1511. He had married Katharine, the seventh daughter of King Edwai-d IV., and had issue Henry : he died at Greenwich the 9th of June, 1511, and was buried in the Black-Friars, London. Henry Courtenay was the eighteenth Earl of Devon, and Baron of Oke- hampton, and by King Henry VIII., 18th June, 1525, created Marquess of Exeter. His first wife was Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir John Grey, Viscount Lisle, by whom he had no issue : after he married Gertrude, daughter of William Blunt, Baron Mountjoy, by whom he had issue only one son named Edward. This Lord Marquess of Exeter, with the Lord Montague and Sir Nicholas Carew of Bedington, were attainted of treason, and executed at Tower-Hill, January, 1539. He bears, quarterly France and * Here is much confusion and inaccuracy. This Matilda was the daughter of Sir Wil- liam Beaumont of Heaunton, and was the third and last wife of Sir Hugh Courtenay of Haccombe. The licence for their marriage dated IGth October, 1417, "in capella dicti Willelmi Beaumond de Heaunton" maybe seen in Bishop Stafford's Register, vol. I. fol. 235. She survived her husband many years, and dying 3rd July, 1467, was buried in the Lady's Chapel of the conventual church of St, Nicholas' Priory, Exeter. — G. O,, — P. J. 216 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. England within a bordure counter quartered of the one and other. In the 2nd and 3rd quarter his paternal coat viz, or, three torteauxes ; whereas his predecessors gave the same with a file of three lables azure in the fourth quarter, or, a Hon ramp, azure, armed and lang. gu., by the name of Rivers. Edward, son and heir to this Henry Marquess of Exeter, was long detain- ed in the Tower of London, prisoner; but in the 1st year of the reign of Queen Mary was set at liberty and restored in blood the 3rd September, 1553, which he not long enjoyed; for travelling into Italy he died in the city of Padua (not, as some say, without suspicion of poison,) the 4th October, 1556, and was there buried in St. Anthony's Church, on whom was set this epitaph : — "Anglia quern genuit fueratque habitura patronum Courteneum celsa heec continet Area Ducem. Credita causa necis regni affectata cupido Reginae optatum tunc quoque connubium. Cui regni proceres non consensere, Philippo Reginamregi jungere posse rati, Europam unde fuit juveni peragrase necesse Ex quo mors misero contigit ante diem. Anglia si plorat defuncto principe tanto Nil mirum ; Domino defecit ilia pic, Sedjam Courteneus coelo fruiturque beatis Cum doleant Angli cum sine fine gemant, Courtenei probitas igitur, preestantia, nomen, Dum stabit hoc templum vivida semper erunt Angliaque hinc etiam stabit, stabuntque Brittanni Conjugii optati, fama perennis erit. Improba naturae leges Libitina rescindens Ex aequo juvenes praecipitatque senes." In this man ended the male Une of the elder house of this noble family of the Courtenays, Earls of Devonshire for ten descents ; and the patrimony was distributed among the heirs of the four sisters of Edward, the eleventh Earl of Devon, which were married into these families : — Elizabeth to John Trethurffe; Maud to John Arundel of Talvern; Isabel to William Mohun; Florence to John Trelawny. Chap. VI.] view of dkvonshirb. 217 CHAPTER VI. Of those other Noble Families which have since been Earls of Devon. — /^,-<./%.'\ /> And now to proceed in our catalogue we must find another family, which we shall presently do, both ancient, noble, and famous ;^Charles Blunt, Baron Mountjoy, (second son of James, Lord Mountjoy, and brother and heir to WiUiam, Baron Mountjoy,) Lord Deputy of Ireland and Lieutenant- general, knight of the noble Order of the Garter ; a worthy commander and excellently learned; (tam marti quam mercurio;) religious, affable, and courteous: he, the same, that expulsed the Spaniards out of Ireland, and won that famous victory of them and the rebel Tyrone and his associates at Kinsale on the 24th day of December, 1602, compeUing the rebels' humble submission ; was, by King James, of ever pious memory, created Earl of Denshu-e at Hampton Court, the 24th July, 1603 ; which he en- joyed a small time, for he died the 3rd of April, 1606, and was buried with great pomp in the Abbey of Westminster, leaving all his estate to his natural son, Mountjoy Blunt, created Baron of Mountjoy in the north of Ireland, by King James, and Earl of Newport in the Isle of Wight, the 3rd of August, 1 628, by King Charles. His arms, barry nebuly of 6, or and sab. After his decease King James, in August, 1618, by his letters patent bearing date at Gorhambury, created WUliam Cavendish (whom he before, the 4th May, 1615, had honoured with the title of Baron Cavendish, of Hardwike in the County of Derby,) Earl of Devonshire; and in number the one-and-twentieth. His first wife was Anna, daughter and heir of Henry Kedley, of Kighley in the county of York, esq., by whom he had issue, first, Gilbert, that died young; second, William, now Lord Cavendish, and hath married Christian, the daughter of Edward, Lord Bruce of Kenloss, and Master of the Rolls, and hath issue, WiUiam; second, Charles; third, Ed- ward; Anna; James died young; Frances, wife to Sir WiUiam Maynard, knight and baronet, created Lord Maynai-d, of Wicklow in the county of Wicklow in Ireland, by letters patent dated at Westminster the 13th May, 1620; Mary, EHzabeth, both died young. His second wife, now countess, 1627, is Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Edward Boughton, of Causton in the county of Warwick, knight, the relict of Sir Edward Wortley, of Wortley 218 VIKW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. in the county of York, knight, by whom he had issue Sir John Cavendish, made Knight of the Bath at the creation of Prince Charles, 1616; who died in February, 1617. His arms, sab. three stags' heads cabossed arg. attired or, WiUiam Cavendish, grandson to the last mentioned Earl of Devon, was created Marquess and Duke of Devonshire the 12th May, 1694, by King William III. CHAPTER VII. Of Kenn, and some other places on the west side of the river Exe. This task is finished, now may we pass Powderham and draw towards Kenton, taking name of the riveret which here yields tribute to the sea. This manor did sometimes belong to Thomas Holland, Duke of Surry, (half brother to King Richard II.) Here dwelleth Lutton at CafFord. This riveret. Ken, is first seen at or near Holcomb (known fi'om another of the same name by the adjunct of) Burnell; an ancient and generous in- habitant there, and of good account and large possessions both here and in Shropshire. Afterward Humphrey, and Sir Gilbert de Kayle, knight, en- joyed it. But in these later days divers descents of Dennis have possessed it ; and Sir Thomas Dennis, knight, built a veiy fair house upon it. This family took their original and name from the Danes, (the only one that is supposed to do it in this county,) and were anciently written Le Dan Denis; by which name the Cornish name the Danes. Then passeth it Dunchideock, the land of Martin, and after of Gorges, and so comes to Shillingford. In the time of Richard I. a family of the same name pos- sessed it, (and in the time of Edward I. Thomas Fitz-Ralph held it;) of which the two coheirs were married to Alleyn and Brook ; so it was alien- ated to Sir William Huddesfeld ; upon whose large monument, in a little church, is this inscription, which speaks him at large : — " Here lieth Sir William Huddiffeild, knight, Attorney-general to King Ed- ward IV., and of the Council to King Henry VH., and Justice of Oyer and De- Chap. VII.] view of Devonshire. 219 terminer ; which died Ihc 20th day of March, in the year of our Lord 1499. On whose soul Jesus have mercy. Amen Honor Deo et Gloria." Above, over the tombstone, — "Condilor et Redemptor corporis etanime )Sit michi medicus et custos utriusque." In a window, above his picture in glass, — " Hi tres sunt mihi spes, Jhesus, Maria, Johannes." On another part of the monument is written, — " Dame Kateryn, the wife of Sir William Huddesfeld, and daughter to Sir Philip Courfnay, knyht." Over the head of her picture, — "Queepeperit florem, det nobis floris odorem." Under both their pictures, — " Orate pro bono statu Willihemi Huddesfeld militis et Katharinae uxoris ejus." On the church are these arms to be seen, — "Argent afess sable between three boars passant, sab. Impaling or, three lions in pale passant sable. Argent a fess between three boars passant sab. impaled with gul. three bolts arg." It is now the inheritance of Southcote ; one of which name lies there buried. Upon the stone that covereth him is this inscription, — "John Southcote, Esquyer, sometymes lord and patron of this church, who departed this present life the 6th of September, Anno Domini 1556." 1 saw also there — " Here licth the body of Nicholas Tottle, son of Henry Tottle, esq,, who died the 22nd December, anno 1622."' Tlicre stands near it the farm house of Bowhay, the ancient seat of the ge- nerous family of Bowhay, (not long since extinct,) of good state and repu- tation in their time : now the seat of Peter ; of whose son, (which as it seems died young,) on a stone, is left this remembrance, — "John Peter, the son of John Peter, of Bowhay, esq. Lies under this stone, A blessed little one; 220 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK III. Who, clean by Grace, he drew untainted breath, And ere made bad by life, niade good by death." Then this riviJet nameth a village Kenford, through which it fleeteth. And here is a fit opportunity oflFered to tell you of a wonder, or old fable, or what you please to think it : I could well forbear to relate it, but that I intend not to stem the tide, but to swim with the stream and current of the world : for I think (let me well remember,) I have seen few men in my time which were free from speaking some foolish (at least idle, vain or com- mentitious fancy,) at one time or other ; but his fortune is worst that speaks them in earnest and with affectation; curiously and ambitiously seeking to procure credit and belief where little or none is due. It shall not be said of me ; if it be, I reckon not — Ne iste magno conatu magnas Nugas dixerit This fellow sure, with much ado, Will tell strange tales and trifles too. It shall not bite me. You shall have it freely at the same price it cost me, and in the same measure as near as I can. — Somewhat above this village as you descend from the great hill Haldown toward Exeter, at the foot thereof stood a long time (I cannot say now stand,) two stones pitched in the ends, which to strange travellers seemed to be there placed for passengers with the more ease (especially women which there perchance were not used to be lifted up, and in that age went not in coaches,) to take their horses ; for commonly all men walk down that steep descent. But from the neighbours and those that anciently dwelled near it you have another and strange relation, thus : — They first name them the giant's stones ; and they say, by an ancient tra- dition, that a giant (so men of an extraordinary stature are called, and some such are seen in every age,) was there buried; who, not only for his large bulk and length, but for his strength and valour, surpassed (by far) all men of his time. And that I spin not out the thread of this tale to a farther length, how he fell here suddenly down dead, and the cause of his death, worth ( I can tell you) good fire in a winter's cold night, that he was buried in this place; and these two stones were placed, one at his head and the other at his feet, which expressed him to be no pigmy but of the longest Chap, VII.] view of Devonshire, 221 size; yet not peradventure so large as he whom the noble poet (by an hy- perbolical hcence) describeth thus : — " His legs, two pillars; aud to see him go He seem'd some steeple reeling to and fro," But the wonder was, that albeit the placing of these two stones showed where his head and feet lay, yet the true length of his stature could never be directly known; for measure the distance between them as often as you would, yet should you not take it twice together alike equal, but at every several time there would be some difference, longer or shorter. What fal- lacy there was I cannot conceive, but this report was general, yea, and by such whose credit was not to be questioned, that either themselves had found it so by trial, or heard by those affirmed, of" the truth of whose rela- tion no doubt or mistrust was to be made; yet to call them now to witness is needless ; yet would I not persuade you to believe more of this than of other self-hke nature : as Mayn- Amberstone in Cornwall, yet to be proved, a huge rock sensibly moving to and fro (as tis verified,) by power of a fin- ger, but not to be removed by the strength of many shoulders; as these verses say: — " Be thou thy mother-nature's work, " This hugy rock one finger's force Or proof of giants' might ; Apparently will move ; Worthless and ragged though thou show, But to remove it many strengths Yet art thou worth the sight, ' Shall all too feeble prove." • Some years since the stones, secretly in the night, were undermined and taken up, but by whom and for what cause is not vulgarly known, neither is it discovered what was found under them. Some suppose they made search for treasure, conceived there to be hidden ; others again imagine to seek out the certainty whether there were any bones there to be seen as the remainder of that large corpse, if so, thereby to confirm the behef (of divers incredulous persons) that there were such tall men in fore-past ages; as Virgil in the first of his Georgicks saith, touching the ploughing of Emo- nian or Emathian fields, — " Scilicet tempus veniet cum finibus illis Agricola incurvo terram molitus aratro Tirandiaque eflfossis mirabitur ossa sepulchris." 2f 222 VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE, [BoOK III. The time will come one day when in that bound The painful husband, ploughing of the ground, Shall wonder at the huge bones therein found. So we come to Kenn Church, which parish is beholding also to our river for imparting his name unto it, fleeting very near it. The church is beau- tified with some ancient, and lately, with many fair armories. — " Or a torteaux. Azure semie fleur-de-lis, a lion sal. gard. arg. Sab, a chev- ron between three suns arg. Arg. a chevron between three escalops sab." Here is an epitaph on Amias Southcote : — '' Fear not to die : No ill in death Learn this of me, If good thou be.'" I will leave the poet to express his own meaning : we will visit Trehill (or town place,) to see what hospitahty the owner keeps. It was sometime the seat of the generous family of Drew, now of Waltham, recorder of the city of Exeter. I have had good cheer there and been merry oftentimes with Sir Nicholas Smith, Sir John Hobbard, knights ; Mr. Nicholas Duck, (sometime recorder of the same city,) and divers other the like company; and he is the same man still. I remember I have read of one of his name that was Bishop of Salisbury and Master of the RoUs in the time of Richard XL, and Lord High Treasurer of England in his reign ; a man that deserved marvellous well of his sovereign or he had never had such favour for his interment as Walsingham writeth : — . " Hoc anno (saith he, which was 1395,) obiit Johannes de Waltham episco- puB Sarum, et Eegni Thesaurarius. Qui tantum Regi complacuerit ut (etiam multis murmurantibus) apud monasterium inter reges meruit sepulturam." This seat is close xmder Haldon, a large champaign-lull, of which a sweet young cygnet of the muses being there, wrote these verses extempore, wherein regard of her youth I thought not unworthy your remembrance : — " My muse, be thou propitious to my will. And thou, Minerva, grant me wisdom's quill. I will not speak of high Olympus' fame. But of an alp-like hill, Haldon by name : Olympus, Ossa, Pelion, all three Are but as mole-hills to what I did see. But shall I make an end so soon? (0 spite !) Wilt not permit me speak in Haldon's right? Chap. VIII.] view of Devonshire. 223 Should the best poet seek Haldon to raise They coulJ not speak enough in Ilaldon's praise." Next place of note is Oxton, which Alexander de Oxton, alias Okeston, held under Henry III.; in later times. Hurst; which family extinct after a while, it is now Martin's. I have read of Hugenius de Hurst in the time of Edward I., and of the worthy family of the Martins. Comb-Martin and Martin- Hoo will inform you of their antiquity ; from Martin de Tours ; to whom the Norman Conqueror gave Combe, which from him was called Martin's-Comb; and of his honour the barony of Keymis, Partington, &c., can show you. In our age Sir Nicholas married Symms : his father, Prest- wood : his grandsire, Yeo. CHAPTER VIII. Of places on the east side of the River Exe. But let us haste to the farther side of the river, for it is unsociable and unsuitable to our purpose in hand to talk of things so far separated and out of sight. Near Exmouth and the southern part of this county to talk of Comb-Martin, the north-west-most part well near. But "Quo me cunque rapit tempestas deferor hospes." As wind and tide my boat doth carry, So I my mind and course do vary. Somewhat lower upon the mouth of the river stands Exmouth, that is, the mouth of Exe ; anciently Exanmouth ; but then only known by the name, as being but a poor fisher-town, yet it should seem it had a castle for its defence above 600 years since; for Mr. HoUinshed saith about the year 1001 the Danes with their navy returned out of Nonnandy, came to Ex- mouth and there assaulted the castle, but were valiantly repelled by the guarders thereof. It hath no castle now, but of far better worth than in that age, and in more respect, as graced of late vdth the presence of our royal sovereign King Charles I. Here our river, like the great Sultans and Khans of that powerful monarch, the Great Mogul, pays to her sove- 224 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. reign, the mighty ocean, whatever treasure of waters she hath collected from every those fills, brooks, riverets, streams and rivers whatsoever fore-spoken of ; as they at their decease to the emperor what so they have by any means whatsoever wrung, wrested, or exacted from their inferiors. It is a barred haven, and before the mouth thereof stand two huge stones or rocks, (a great and a less,) called Chick-stones; (it may be rather, chuck- stones, as choaking the haven;) of which is grown a usual proverb in these parts : for if anything stumble us or be a rub in our way, when we are hasty, if anything hinder our purpose, or if we desire to be rid of any thing, we forthwith wish it to be on Chick-stone. We have this far proceeded in our discovery without danger or obstacle; the weather continues fair, the wind calm, the coasts clear, the sea smooth, a trim tide, be pleased to take a boat and view the eastern coasts as far as Lyme, (the limits or marches of our shire;) the law and necessity of our journey and talk exacteth no less. I am enforced to say with the good old knight, — " Whate're bety'd, for sithe I have begonne, My journey will I follow as I kone." If your stomach wamble (as mine hath often done at first setting forth,) your health may be better by evacuating choler, which once well purged, (I may perchance escape the clearer from censures, taxations, and aspersions,) we will land at every river's mouth, where and when you please : the steers- man at helm is at your command. CHAPTER IX. The Passage of the River Otter. The river Otter, or river of Otters, (water-dogs,) taking name from the abundance of those animals, (which we term otters,) sometime haunting and using it. The first spring is near Otterford and Hackpendown, by Church- Taunton; where, in an open field called Churchen-ford, (where stands not above a house or two,) is kept a great yearly fair, on the feast-day of St. Paul. It was the inheritance of Todenham in the reign of King Henry III. Chap. IX.] view of Devonshire. 225 and after some descents his heir sold it to Damarel of Woodbury. So pass- ing by Yarcombe, (possessed by Stretchley in the 29th Edward III.,) Luppit, Upottery, (which thanks our river for its name,) and Roridge, held by Sir Nicholas Cheney 5th Edward II., whose nephew, Sir Ralph, (by match with Joan, daughter and coheu* of Sir John Pavely, Lord of Brook, added the lordship of Brook : so this family became potent. And his nephew again. Sir Edmund Cheney ( by his son. Sir William,) married with Alice, aunt and heir to Humphry Stafford, Earl of Devon, and his two daughters and coheirs thus married, EUzabeth to 'Sir John Willoughby, knight, and the other to Sir John Colshill, knight, whereof the second died sans issue; so that all that fail- inheritance fell to Sir Robert Willoughby, created, by King Henry VII., (being steward of his house,) Lord Willoughby of Brook; who married Blanch, daughter and sole heir of John Champernon of Beer-ferrers, had only one son, named Robert ; whose two daughters and coheirs enriched with great possessions two noble families; for Elisa- beth was wife to John, Lord St. Johns, Marquess of Winchester, and Ann to Charles, Baron Mountjoy. Here is seated a generous family of Preston; of whom was not long since Captain Preston; a man very well qualified in all arts, and for many good parts commended and beloved. Sir Amias Preston. Mohuns-Ottery ; which to the name of the river adds also the ancient lord. Sir Reginald Mohun, or Mojrun, or Moun ; who was not only Earl of Somerset, but also (and therefore not to be passed without special note,) created, by Pope Innocent IV., Earl of Ests, (which is interpreted an Apos- tolical Earl ; as those created by the Emperor, Earls Imperial ;) by deli- vering a consecrated golden rose and a yearly pension upon the high altar of St. Paul's church in London. These Earls had power (under certain conditions,) to institute notaries and scribes, and to legitimate such as were base born. This knight had also an addition to his coat armor; for whereas it was before gul. a manch mal-tayle erm.: there was added, a hand proper holding a fleur-de-lis or. I thought it not altogether needless to insert this, (for there are some, and I think not a few, that never heard or read of any such earls.) This Mohuns-Ottery, with Galmeton, and Munckton, and Stoke Fleming, came by Eleanor, one of the heirs general of the line to John de Carew : now it 226 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. is Southcote's; a fruitful and flourishing family. Tliis gentleman married Pole; his father, Seymour: his son. Sir Popham. Yonder monastery of Dunkeswell was founded by Sir William Brewer, an abbey for Cistercian Monks, which (obscured by the concomitants of wealth, ease, and rich fare, and that succeeds them, or rather springs of them,) was suppressed, or if you will have it rightly, surrendered, 30th Henry VIII., and valued (not at the highest, I think,) at £298. lis. 9d. On the right hand we leave Munckton, (or Muncks-Town,) where a generous family of the Lentals doth inhabit ; and on the left. Off- well : and so come we to the borough of Honiton, to which is adjoining the manor of Northcot. The borough of Honiton. This town claims priority for antiquity be- fore many other. But for the name, if I should say it was taken of the abundance of honey there made or found, I persuade myself you would smile ; and yet that must not be altogether sans reason, in regard of the neighbourhood of the hUls adjoining, on whom abundance of thyme or tyme grows, in which these pretty creatures are much delighted and feed most wiUingly thereon ; whereof the poet speaks, — "Crura thymo plena." There thighs with thyme laden were : For thyme he means honey there. But the cause of the name cannot easUy (but rather difficultly) be known but by conjecture which as it doth sometime deceive the imagination, so it doth also, and as often, (grounded upon probable reason,) hit the white, and expresseth the aimed-at verity. It is a great thoroughfare from Corn- wall, Plymouth, and Exeter, to London; and for the better receipt of tra- vellers, very well furnished with Inns. Isabella de Ripariis (abas de Forti- bus,) gave it (when the heirs male of that noble family failed,) to King Ed- ward I.; in whose reign Gilbert de KnovU had it : ex dono regis. But be- fore that, in the reign of King John, Fulcasius de Brient, Fulco de Brient, (aUas Fulco de Breant,) held the borough in the right of Mable, ahas Mar- garet, his wife, daughter of Robert, Earl of Mellent, the rehct of WUliam de Vernon, Earl of Devon. This was generally held an unfit marriage for her as it seems, and not veiy well agreeing with her mind; (but it was the king's pleasure to have it so;) but their love was little, as may be gathered out of these verses, which were then dispersed : — Chap. IX.] view of devonshirk. 227 "Lex connectit eos, Amor ,et Concordia Lecti. Sed qualis Lex ? Amor qualis ? Concordia qualis ? Lexexlex; Amorexosus; Concordia discors." Join'd by law, by love, by concord in bed : What law ? what love ? or concord may it be said ? Lawless law ; hateful love ; Concord, discord did prove. Here is made abundance of bone lace, a pretty toy now greatly in request; and therefore the town may say with merry Martial, — " Ills ego sum nulli nugarum laude secundus." In praise for toys such as this Honiton to none second is. Their Saturday's market, for all kind of victuals, fowl, fruit, and com, is accounted next the best in this country: their yearly fair is on St. Mar- garet's Day. And here they say the lord hath veiw and assize of bread and ale, his tumbrel and pillory. Gitsham, a long time the seat of Beamont, a worthy race. Once in their time there befell a pretty accident, which I could well forbear to relate, but that I perceive you are somewhat melancholy you shall have it therefore to quicken your spirits and make yourselves merry withall ; for, as noble Sir Giffery said, so say I : — " If so that it may please you, Then wote I well it is good ynow." Sir Thomas Beamont, knight, (son of Henry Beamont, esq.,) had very fair issue — six sons at least, besides daughters, but by two venters: by the first, Richard, WiUiam, and Philip ; by the second, Thomas, Hugh, and John. Richard, the eldest, died without issue ; William, the second son and heir to his brother, after much wooing, suiting, and courting, ob- tained Mrs. Joan (whose daughter I speak not,) and married her ; and the general conclusion was verified, — " Nullum violentum est perpetiium :" — Those things that are violent Are never permanent : — for after a short time that he had entered new Elysium, his violent fancy forsook him, and fell so far on the contrarv hand that — VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK III. " Et quam modo voverit odit :" — For what he most desir'd of late He now doth most extremely hate :— for delighting in variety of pasture, or possessed with some other suspecting fancy, estranged himself both — a mensa et a thoro — from table and bed ; and she being then in prime of her age, fmding herself thus neglected and disjected, took it very unkindly, and lived, as Cressidas was said to do in her father's absence, — "And as a widow was she all alone, And mist to whom she might make her moan ;" but having no long nor settled fancy to this solitary, cloister-like, recluse life, she received visits of her kindred and friends. Among divers gentle- men that came to comfort her, one grew more familiar with her than any of the rest, even to her own contentment, for he was — Prompt and discreet both in word and action, And doth her business with good satisfaction. By their often and secret meetings and private conference together came so good success that a pretty boy was conceived and born, which she secretly bred up ; and might well do by reason of her husband's continual absence; and no notice was taken thereof. At length William, the husband, deceas- ed, and PhiUp, his brother, (for want of known issue) succeeded him ; and he also having no issue, conveyed his land to Thomas, his next brother by his father's second wife, and to the heirs male of his body; who for a time quietly possessed it ; until John, the son of Joan, (wife of William,) came of age, who presently made claim to the land as right heir to William his father. This was the seed sown of many and long suits in law almost in all courts ; divers parties and friends on each side, and as many several opin- ions of the lookers on that played not the game. Mrs. Joan pleaded for her honesty, fame, and reputation never spotted, ever without scandal and aspersion. The case was spun out to a tedious length, and in fine was made a case for parliament in the reign of Henry VII., which censured John to be a bastard, and so to be proclaimed throughout all England ; yet there is no act found thereof, neither was there ever any as I suppose; for after, by a composition, John had 80£. land allotted him, (whereof this Chap. X.] view of Devonshire. *229 manor of Gitsham was parcel,) and he to be named John Bodrugan, as son to her second husband, Henry Bodrugan. This accident calls to my memory a facete epigram made, as I remem- ber, by a worthy and pleasant conceited knight, Sir Jolin Harrington, upon the like occasion, and speaks thus, — " When Cajus did remain beyond tlie seas And follow'd there some great important suit, His land did bear nor oats, nor beans, nor peas. And yet his wife bears fair and well-grown fruit. What is the cause that brings his land sterility, And his wife fruitfulness and great fertility ? His lands want occupiers to manure them, But she hath store and knows how to procure them." Now having done with this sport, we will proceed to what is more serious. CHAPTER X. Of Ottery St. Mary, and other places near it. Now as we pass to Ottery St. Mary, by the way our river is enlarged with the streamlet Tale, who shows himself first not far from Broadhem- bury, by that large name known from another his neighbour, Payhembury. Here, at a place called Hembury-ford, is kept a yearly fair on St. Andrew's Day. In this stands Combe-Ralegh, which speaks his ancient lord ; now the seat of one of the ancient family of Drew ; purchased by Edward Drew, sergeant-at-law; whose great knowledge, sound counsel, and uprightness in judgment, won him a general love and due respect in his country. He descended from the ancient Drews of Sharpham. He married Fitzwilliams : his son. Sir Tho- mas, married Moore. Payhembury; (held by John Giffard in Edward I.'s days; Bishop Walter Stapeldon, and the prioress and convent of Polslo had property in this parish;) of which name I heard a gentleman once pleasantly say, "I love Hembury well, but not Pay." He spake that merrily, (that many gentle- men do in earnest,) for he paid his debt so well that I heard his executor 2g 230 TIEW OF DEVONSHIRE, [ BoOK III. say, at his death he owed not a penny ; which I might register for a marvel, for it is not ordinary. Here is a plant of the Willowby's set ; which hking the nature of the soil, prospereth fairly and spreads. He married Sten- nings : his father, Culme : his grandfather, Spencer. Owlescombe. Of this name I remember I have read of a generous tribe in this county; it may be he was of this place : his armories, alluding fitly to the name, which was arg. a bend engrailed between two owls sab. Feniton, passed in our time to Gary from Kirkham, whose predecessors had it by the daughter and heir of MaUierb ; with which name his coat armor consorted rightly : — or a chev. between three nettle leaves vert. Now whether he took name of the charge of his arms (as Hugh Lupus, se- cond Earl of Chester, son of Richard, smniamed Goz, Viscount of Avranches in Normandy, is said to have done, by bearing a wolf's head eraz. arg. in a field azure,) or by the herald's gift, alluding to his name, I will not take on me to determine. This place is memorable only for that in the 3rd year of King Edward VI. some 6000 hair-brained simple (no cowardly) commo- tioners, (no more said our fathers that then lived,) but the history 10,000 taU soldiers, first made insuirection in Cornwall and by degrees begirt the city of Exeter wath a siege ; yet unable by divers (and those sharp and desperate) as- saults to prevail, proceeded eastward to this place, hoping their bulk would, like a snowball, (for like that it soon melted,) increase and multiply as it rol- led forward. Hither they came, and in a fair meadow spread their colours. To encounter whom Lord Russell was ready, with the Lord Gray of Wilton. (Under whom served a band of Italians, 300 strong.) The general having the better cause, thought it to stand with his honour to give the assault, and offered to enter their fortification which they had made at the bridge, which was courageously attempted, and with hke violence resisted ; the like they did vahantly divers sundry times, and so often strongly repuls- ed: but in fine the bridge was taken; then forcing the main battaUon of the commotioners, the fight for a while was sharp, cruel, and full of blood; but (as it is most often,) the worser cause had the worst success ; they were put to the rout and fled. The chase was not long followed, for the Itahans disbanding, fell to the spoil ; which soon the rebels perceived, they suddenly reordered themselves, and wheeling about began a second more sharp fight, furious and violent, full of desperate resolution ; but their arrows spent, and the general supplying his men with fresh troops, they Chap. X.] view of Devonshire. 231 were again scattered, leaving 300 dead in the place, and then retired to Clist ; where what was their catastrophe you have already understood. But for a conclusion of this matter, if I should relate what hath been vulgarly reported, (and verified by some that felt it,) of the strength, and force, and resolution of these commons, (the archers especially,) you might, peradven- ture, take it vdth some doubt lest it increased somewhat by time or penning, but I intend to gather no more harvest than comes of the seed of truth. Passing by Buckrell, Talecourt, and Tallaton, in which stand four poor cotes, or cots, (in times past cottages) Tenements, distinguished by the four chief points of the compass, Eastcot, Westcot, Northcot, Southcot, and so seated from the church, standing as centre; all of which, in former times, were inhabited by some of the same denomination, though all now altered. They were all poor cottagers, of whom one gave this metre, which though it seemed old, savours not of antiquity, but howsoever 'tis true, — " Of borrle coats yclipt they were 'Tis lich sooth vor they were erst That fvorst this name ytaked. Than palaces ymaked." Of the now possessors I know only the Jjord of Southcot, who hath beauti- fied it with a house far beyond a cottage. It is now the seat of the chiefest and most accomplished treasurers of the choice antiquities of this county; [Sir WiUiam Pole;] and if it had pleased him also to have been the illus- trator, the worth of the natives of this proxince, and his own sufficiency, would have been the more vulgarly expressed and known, the one for the other ; but he is seriously employed in matters of more importance, and much more necessary. But if we shall meet him at his chiefest residence, and at convenient leisure, we will entreat him to vouchsafe us some direc- tions for our travel the remainder of this journey for our better proceeding; and he is so generous, afiiable, and courteous, and so respecting to all lovers of antiquity, that he can deny them nothing they demand; yea, he holds it a favour done to himself that they will be beholding unto him. We pass Rockbear and the next mile with great ease and pleasure, for by the evenness and smoothness of the walk it is termed fair-mile : and we will haste from Strictwood, alias Streat-wood-head, as speedily as we may, for many have feared and shunned it, and others have paid heavUy for their passage or before they were suffered to pass ; for in former times it was very infamous for sheltering of thieves, and a place fit for robberies, and there- '232 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. fore remembered as a cautionary note for such as are to travel that way: hut it is now made a more open and large way, and hath not lately merited any such scandal, but as freely passed as any other place on London way. We are come to Cadhay, the house of the race of Hay dons. He married Da- vie : his father, Pawlet : his grandfather, : his son, Gould. And here Tale falls into Otter. The borough of Ottery St. Mary. This town taketh name of the river; and as it is ancient, so is part thereof (or lately was) ancient demesne. The foundation was from Edward the Confessor, and by him given to the dean and chapter of Rouen. In their possession it continued the reign of nine kings ; all which time the dean of Rouen sent yearly his officers for their rents and perquisites ; which was so chargeable, troublesome, and sometimes dangerous and miscarried by the way, that they desired to sell it, and met with a very fit chapman, John Grandisson, Lord Bishop of Exon, who, in the time of Edward III., purchased it ; and being zealously affected to the curious and ceremonious liturgies of those times, did here institute and or- dain a quarter college of secular priests and other secondaries and choris- ters, according to the order of the cathedral of St. Peter's of Exon, allowing for their continual maintenance the whole hundred (this only parish,) and manor ; not only lands, rents, profits, and perquisites, but together there- with the garb and tythes, with all spiritual profits and commodities to the church any way belonging out of that parish and hundred ; which, with other incomes and sundry other gifts, amounted at the surrender, 30th Henry VIII., to the yearly value of £304. 2s. 9d. It was (as it should seem) inhabited and manured by bond-men ; which, redeeming their freedom, held their land by sundry services and customs ; some, Saxon ; some, French ; some, English ; and some customary of five acres : some, socage tenure ; other, old Barton ; other some, new Barton ; and some, freeholders : every of which had several customs appropriate to themselves, whereby many questions and differences arose among them. It hath a weekly market every Tuesday, and three fairs ; one the Tuesday be- fore Whitsuntide, another the Tuesday before Palm-Sunday, and the third the 1 5th of August. In this parish is Thorn, sometime the inheritance of Walter Thorn, or Gwalterus de Spineto, under Henry III. By a sister and heir of Roger of that name it came to the family of Cook, who married Sherman : his father. Chap. X.] view of Devonshire. 233 Copleston : his grandfather. Garland. At Knighteston dwells Mr. Sher- man ; at Salveston, FowUng ; at Holcombe, that gave denomination to a tribe that long possessed it, but lately alienated to Eveleigh ; at Ash, which Malherb sometime held, is now a younger branch of Walrond. But now let us visit the church, sometime a quarter college, and had chancellor, treasurer, and dean, with all other things answerable thereto ; of whose ancient interments there are divers monuments to be seen, but so out- worn with age as no certain knowledge is to be had what they were; for neither arms nor inscriptions are perpetuated to these times. A few neoterique epitaphs are these, — "In obitum ornatissimi viri Johannis Haydoni Armigeri. (1618.) " Dicite, mortales, Quis fructus divitiarum Hinc quum demigrans vita petita fugit ? Dicite quam multum dives sit paupere major Cum fera mors ima tollit utrumque die? Omnis homo foenum est, levis et vanescit ut umbra Nulla est in faedis vermibus esca manet. Indicat hoc nobis tua mors, Haydone, dolenda, Quae siccas hominum non sinit esse genas. In patriam beuefacta tuam permagna supersunt. Quae poterant multi multa referre viri A rege Henrico primus diploma parasti, Floreat ut literis laeta juventa bonis, Ludus ut erectus fiat et Rectoria clara Effecit studium sedulitasque tua. Sparsit ubique tuam pietatem pons nevus infra Inque Deum monstrat porticus ista fidem. Legum cultor eras, semper dilectus egenis, Impia devitans jurgia, pacis amans. Vos igitur pueri, juvenes properate senesque, Et mecum Haydoni tradite corpus humo. Illi qui meruit praeconia reddite justa, Funus et elegiis concelebrate suum. Dicrte, Livor abi, tandem post funera cessa, Spiritus Haydoni nam loca sancta tenet, Qui multa in tcrris vivens benefacta locavit, Qui Christo scdem jam capit ille suam." The superscription on him and his wife is thus, — " Hie jacet Johannes Haydon de Cadhay, Armiger, ct Johanna uxor ejus, 234 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III- consanguinea et haeres Johannis Cadhay, quae fuit uxor Hugonis Greinvile generosi; qui quidem Johannes fuit primus gubernator incorporatus hujus Parochiae ; et obiit sine exitu nono dia Junii, A. D. 1587. Dicta autem Johanna obiit sine exitu decimo nono die Decembris, A. D. 1592. Pro qviibus sit laus Deo." " Epitaphium Amicii Haydon, filii Roberti Haydon Armigeri, qui obiit 12 Januarii, An. Dom. 1614. "Quis jacet hie queeris percussus vulnere mortis ? Virtutis socius nobilis, alter Ajax. Mortuus ah! dixi? Revoco; sic esse videtur ; In coelis vivit, nescius ille mori." " Sarah Haydon filia Roberti Haydon, Armigeri, Quae obiit 24 Aprilis, An. Dom. 1620. "Apollo moist this tomb with tears, Wit's perfection with pure spirit For such great loss in tender years : Doth an angel's place inherit. Virtue's hope now is dead, Stay in that celestial sky, And from earth to heaven fled. Where thou shalt live and never die." On John Turling, gentleman : — " Terra cadaver habet, Spiritus astra colit." Upon John Sherman, who died and his son both in one day: 1617 : — " Under this monument lies one Yet this seem'd short, the other strong. Did good to many, hurt to none ; His life above, his death here under. Friended the rich, reliev'd the poor, Was full of goodness, full of wonder. Was kind to all. Who can do more ? Six years beyond man's common age That loved hospitality, He walked here in pilgrimage ; That loathed prodigality ; And then one month, one very day, That rais'd his state and portion. Took both the sire and son away ; Yet used no extortion. As if time for the sire and son Each dweller and each tenant roar'd As much as time could do, had done ; For such a neighbour, such a lord. Making them live and die uneven. When aged weakness did possess And yet to live as twins in heaven. His aged body, netheless Let us that are here standing by His steps, his church-path, so would wear. Learn so to live and so to die, The church should often have him there. That after life's and death's annoy His limbs were weak, his walk was long. We may revive and live in joy." The epitaph of Dorothy, his wife, sister to John Drake, of Ash, esquire : — "Within this monument doth also lye A pattern true of our infirmity ; Chap. X.] view of Devonshire. 235 Whose infancy, childhood, youth, and age, Was still attended by the wrathful rage Of that which crept in by our father's fall ; Her welcome entertainment, end, and all, Seem'd all alike, from first till latest breath, She always seem'd to die a willing death. Small griefs sometimes seem great, but her's were so, As greater seal'd or never made less show. These were her passions : now her actions stood Like the Samaritan's, intitled good. Had she a respite from her proper woe, That day should respite others' pains also. It was her custom and her comfort here, As soon as her own rod did disappear, The comfortless to comfort, and restore, According to her talent, sick and sore. Hence envious death did slay without remorse, Her, that in others did withstand his force ; And pitiless to her no pity yielded 'Cause others' pains she pitiful relieved. What needs more ? works show her life was action : Her dying words — her death was contemplation." She died 27th August, 1G'20. Upon the wife of Gideon Sherman, esquire, the daughter of Nicholas Fry, of Yarty, esquire, who died the first week of her marriage: (1618:) — " If wealth, wit, beauty, youth, or modest mirth. Could here persuade, entice, prolong, beguile, Death's fatal dart, this fading flower on earth Might yet unquail'd have flourished awhile But wealth, youth, beauty, wit, nor mirth, nor all, Can stay or once delay when death doth call. " No sooner was she to a loving mate From careful parents solemnly bequeath'd. The new alliance scarce congratulate But she from him, them all, was straight bereav'd. Slipping from bridal bed to funeral bier, She soon fell sick, expir'd, — lies buried here. "O Death! thou niay'st have waited on the field, On murd'ring cannons, wounding sword and spear ; 236 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE, [BoOK III, Or there where fearful passengers do yield At every surge each blast of wind doth rear ; 111 stabbing taverns, or infected towns, On loathsome prisons, or on princes' frowns, " There, not unlook'd for, many one abides Thy dreadful summons : but a nuptial feast Needs not thy grim attendance : maiden brides In strength and flower of age, thou may'st let rest. With wings so weak mortality doth fly. In height of flight, death strikes, we fall and die." CHAPTER XI, Of CoUiton-Ralegh and Sir Walter Ralegh. Then come we to CoUiton-Ralegh, by which addition you may perceive to whom it anciently belonged. Sir Wimond de Ralegh had it in frank marriage with the daughter of Robert de Chilton in the reign of King Henry III. ; and lately and last in the name of Sir Walter Ralegh, knight, captain of the guard to Queen Elizabeth, and warden of the stannaries ; a man of noble descent, rare gifts, and great sufficiency : the knowledge of whose varieties of fortunes (as a sea driven with variable winds and tides,) may give example to future ages of her unconstant dalliances and of the unstayed fehcity of this hfe, void of any the least assurance, what firmness soever it promises : he might well have said to that inconstant dame as Demetrius out of JEschylus, that ancient poet, — "Thou seems't to have begotten me on purpose for to show Thy power in lifting of me up me down again to throw." He was a younger brother, and spent his youth in the university, his riper age in wars and travel ; and in his most chief age came to court, where he wanted no favours of his sovereign, nor in himself sufficient abilities to con- tinue them. But there is no man that hath discretion and judgment per- fect at all times ; — " Semel insanivimus omnes ;" He is very wise and sage That plays not the fool once in his age ; Chap. XI.] vikw of Devonshire. 237 especially the aspirer, who is credulous in all things which he either wisheth or is conformable to his hope ; yea, sometimes his ambition makes him be- lieve dii-ectly contrary to wisdom and reason, so that when they think their honour spun and woven, their estate, with the web of their life, is suddenly broken ; for as by one little gate left open oftentimes great and strong cities are lost, so by one only treason all infinite good parts are not esteemed : as manifestly appeareth by this knight, for in his latter days accused of a fault foul and fooUsh, at his arraignment was very attentively heard to speak the great part of a whole day, where he showed such eminency of wit and elo- quence, that the major part wondered and sorrowed, and all admired, that one so absolutely furnished with understanding and experience should con- sent to a project so odious and simple. All his subtle evasions and acuity of wit could not palliate his offence from the understanding of the inquest, but he was found guilty and had sentence of death. But grace for that time favourably superseded his execution, and he was returned prisoner to the tower ; where in the time of his imprisonment (surely adversity and imprisonment, as Odet de la None, Lord of TeUgni, plainly proveth is nothing so ill as it is made, misfortune is good sometime,) he erected to himself a most rich, admirable, fau*, and ever durable monu- ment, which will ontlast the royal sepulchre that Artemisia (that loving Queen of Caria) built for her husband. King Mausolus, held one of the world's wonders : but he did as Horace speaks of himself, — " Exegi monumeutum aere perennius Regalique situ pyramidum altius Quod non imber edax, nou Aquilo impotens Possit diruere; aut innumerabilis Annorum series et fuga temporum." A monument more lasting tiian is brass, And kingly pyramids in height that pass, I finish'd have ; which neither piercing showers, Nor furious wind, nor course of years and hours, Though numberless, Shall raze or demolish. I intend that excellent work of his, the History of the World, by him writ- ten in prison and published. But being, after a time, freed and set at hber- ty to command in a sea action, a relapse, of what quality I cannot speak, 2h *^® VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. aggravated, as is supposed, by a heavy and envious adversary, he left his head on the scaffold, I cannot nor may not ascribe all these passages to the mutability of for- tune's changeableness, but rather come nearer to the truth, and say with Stobseus out of Euripides, — " Some punishments by men's own follies come, By God's just judgment often other some." And to speak somewhat of the variety of censures, of his worth, valour, wit, and other abilities, (both before and after his death,) in regard that some of his actions expressed man's frailty and weakness, and showed him a right natural man, desirous to prolong life, (so dear are a few Ungering hours of life to all mankind, and christian knowledge teacheth us how much we owe to nature, not to neglect any means for our preservation,) they are not un- worthy a serious meditation : let him express himself in a sentence of his own, treating of a matter much resembling this : "As fortune's man rides the horse, so fortune rides the man ; who, when he is descended and on foot, the man taken fi-om the beast and fortune from the man, a base groom beats the one and a bitter contempt spurns at the other with equal liberty:" and therefore I think the question moved by a noble and religious poet well worth observation and due consideration : — " Say that one might fortune choose Under heaven to have his will ; 'Twould be a doubt among the wise Whether it better were to rise To high estate, or sit still." But since we must play our part in this world, (every man his own for his time,) we may observe these mutabilities and alternative changes, and see how this spoke of the wheel is now highest and suddenly again lowest, and never constant at any time. When we are well, let us rest contented, and carefully and patiently follow the counsel the poet giveth us : — " Nemo confidat nimium secundis Nemo desperet meliora lapsus Miscet haec illis, prohibetque Clotho Stare fortunam." Let him that stands be wary lest he fall ; Let him thafs down hope he may rise again : Chap. XL] view of devonshirk, 239 The Providence Divine that mingleth all. Chains mirth to moan by links, and loss to gain. We will now forget him, and suffer him to rest in his grave quietly, with his own epitaph : — " Even so is time which takes in trust. When we have wander'd all our ways, Our youth, our joys, and all we have ; Shuts up the story of our days: And pays us but with age and dust, And from which earth, and grave, and dust, Within the dark and silent grave. The Lord will raise me, as I trust." Divers other manors in this county retain yet the remembrance of the name, for it was a faithful tribe, ancient, and worshipful, and of large possessions ; and the branches spread themselves into divers other shires ; and by the general heirs of divers houses of them, have enriched sundry worthy fami- lies ; as Whalesborrow, of whom is the Lord Scales, Mullens, and Hunger- ford, Chichester, and Trevillian. By the way, somewhat on the right hand, we passed Venn-Ottery, alias Fen-Ottery, a dirty place perchance ; for fen and dirt is all one. It was held, in the time of Edward I., by John de Furneaux. Buketon had his name of beech trees, among which it was built, yet none are there now to be seen. But let me remember, it is not safe adventuring near it : some have been there forthcoming, but not coming forth : 'tis true, but I hope none of our company are of that quality whereby they need fear to be stayed, and the case is altered as the world is changed ; for here is now no ill staying, but bountiful hospitality kept : indeed King Henry I. appointed this place for the gayle of the county ; and by the service of the keeping thereof John Janitor held the manor. Joan, the daughter and heir of that race, brought it to Richard Alabalister, alias Balistarius, in the time of Henry IH.; and by a second Joan, sole heir of that tribe, it came to Ralph de Siccavilla, ahas Sachvile, who removed the gayle to Exeter, ad- joining the castle; and by a third Joan, the only child of Humphrey Sach- vile, made it the inheritance of Humfrey Copleston ; whose heirs, after two or three descents, alienated it to Sir Thomas Dennis, knight, together with the keeping of the gayle : and now, by Anna, the eldest coheir of his ne- phew of the same name and rank, (worthy a longer hfe,) it is come to the dignous tribe of Rolle ; of whom elsewhere. It is a very pleasant seat, and for many and those good commodities profitable. I have found Sir Joel de 240 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III, Bucton upon records very ancient of this country, whom I know not where to place but here. Budleigh adjoins it ; which, though it be no spacious large parish, gives yet name to the hundred of East Budleigh, which numbers nineteen parishes. CHAPTER XII. Of Budleigh Hundred in the Ed^t. The hundred of East Budleigh (as is said,) numbereth nineteen parishes, the honour whereof King Edward II. kept in his royal possession. Herein stands TodwUl; I may guess whence it took name: but that skills not, for it gave it again to a generous race of the same denomination, who possessed it for divers descents ; whose heir female enriched therewith the ancient name of Saintcleer. But the sun shines not here so clear and with that lustre as in former ages; the beams are eclipsed, and the name extinguished ; and the inheritance, by the heir general of that family, is passed to Arscot, who showed me that there was near the house a large pool maintained by a spring so warm, that when aU other weUs, brooks, rills, and springs adjoin- ing are frozen, this only stands clear of ice ; yea, in most extremity of cold weather; and in such times multitudes of fowl of divers kinds flock thither both to his pleasure and profit. On the other side the bank is Otterton ; sometimes a rehgious house ; which, dissolved by Henrj^ VIII., was purchased by Duke, by whom it is newly and more fairly buUt, commodiously seated for pastures, com fields, wan-en, and dove-house. He married Basset : his father Prideaux. Having waited on Otter to Ottermouth, where it unloads herself into the sea ; we must double the headland of Otterton poiut, the shore running eastward with many winding and waving creeks. The wind and tide will soon bring us to Sidmouth and Seaton, in former time very famous ports ; (and every place and man hath but his time;) now the havens are so choaked with sand brought in by the reciprocal course and strength of the tide, and heaped up against them, that they have lost almost all the benefit that ha- vens yield. Chap. XIII.] view op Devonshire. 241 Now we see Sidbury, which hath the first syllable of his name from a rill named Side, made of sundry springs rising in five sundry combes, (so we call valleys,) as Sandcombe, Harecombe, Levercombe, Lincombe, and Bus- combe, aU within the precincts of the parish ; and so can say what no other parish in these parts can, (some would have me to except his neighbour Farway, which, as they tell me, can do the same,) that it receives water from no adjacent parish, but yields within itself so many rills and brooks as when they are joined and made one do increase to the largeness of a pretty river : the other part of the name is taken from a fort within it ; in elder times called a bury, they now call it a castle : it was a military fortification according to those times of some strength, cast up upon some sudden occa- sion. Between Coliton and Southleigh is another such like, called, as I re- member, Blackborough Castle : of either of them I find nothing recorded. Farway, or Fare-way, which, in the time of Edward II., Oliver de Todin- ham possessed. In it stands Netherton, where is lately planted a fruitful branch of the knightly family of Prideaux, and sprung to the height of a baronet. He married Pawlet : his father, the elder baronet, Chichester, Edgcombe, and Reynel ; his father again the daughter and heir of Ellacot of Ellacot. In Sidbury at Sand is a generous race of Huish ; and in that parish Waller and Moor sometime inhabited ; and in Sidmouth, Harlowin. CHAPTER XIII. Of Colyton Hundred mid the Parishes adjacent to that Town. As we pass Sidmouth a small river meets us, called, as I take it, Coly, and nameth Colyton ; which again gives the same name to the hundred ; imder which are eleven parishes : the honour whereof the Earl of tliis coimtv held of King Henry III. in his time. This is a pretty market town, where there is a good resort every Thursday ; and on May- day a fair, and the like on St. Andrew's day. In this parish are yet remaining the two ancient seats of two illustrious families, Colcombe of Courtenav, Earl of Devonshire, and Shute, alias Sheet, of the Lord Bon vile; each of them having their parks 242 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK III. and large lati-funds ; [broad acres] but seldom any good neighbourhood, fa- miharity, or friendship between them. This emulation increased at length to a quarrel, and eagerly taken a both sides, about a couple of dogs, or hounds, if you will, which could not by any mediation of friends or inter- cession of their equals be qualified or appeased, until it was valiantly tried in a single combat (which is now by a fitter word termed a duel,) upon Chst-Heath, which manfully and constantly performed by both parties, and after they had well tried one the other's strength and valour, and with their sharp svv'ords, they at last (as it was said of the two kings, Edmund and Canutus, in the Isle of Olney, near Gloucester, 1016,) lovingly agreed and embraced each other, and ever after there continued great love and amity between them. Here Adam de Sampford held land, and in Whitford ; and Rogerus de Valletorta and Alicia Le Basset ; in King Edward I. days. But I may not pass Colcombe thus, before with due respects I tender my services to my honoured and generous friend Sir William Pole, knight, and to entreat his assistance to finish this our journey with some more solid mat- ter, either ancient or neoterique, and some excellent learned discourses wor- thy your observation ; with the old and new possessors of manors, with the lineal descents of antique families ; with whose assistance (richly furnished with the treasury of such like matters,) we shall not only polish and beau- tify our former matters, but more perfectly proceed and finish our whole purposed journey to your satisfaction and contentment. We are come to Southleigh, so named in respect of another Ley, or Leigh, more arctuously placed. This was held by Philip and WilMam de South- legh in Henry III.'s time, and after by OUver de Todenham, together with Bear and Branscomb : for in the age of Edward III. I meet with Richard Branscomb de Branscombe, Arm, and Sir Richard de Branscomb, knight ; all sherifi^s of this county in three sundry years. Here is Edge, anciently written Egge ; possessed, from the reign of Ed- ward II. to our age, by the worthy family of Wadham ; of which race Wil- liam, in the time of Edward III., was justice of assize; of whom is left this encomium, — that being free of speech, yet was it mingled with such discre- tion that he never touched man, how mean soever, out of order, either for sport or spite; but with alacrity of spirit and soundness of understanding managed all his proceedings. The sisters and heirs of Nicholas Wadham, (for he died sans issue,) the daughters of John, being endowed with fair in- Chap. XIII.] view of Devonshire. 243 heritance, brought and divided it among three worthy families, Strangways, Wyndham, and Martin. Dorothy, the rehct of Nicholas, daughter of Sir William Petre, knight, followed her father's worthy example, and erected a very fair work in Oxford, naming it Wadham College, which she endowed with very good livelihood for the maintenance of certain fellowships therein : so that by this it may be proved that this age of our's is not so penurious and barren of pious and charitable works as some adversaries have bitterly scandalized it. Colyford, lying in the parish of Colyton, hath neither market nor fair, nor any ancient matter recorded to grace itself; yet in this our age hath merited a thankful remembrance, for being the native place of a very worthy and valiant soldier, who having passed all offices (not favourably, but deserving- ly,) from the meanest to the highest, by degrees, was, in convenient time, by the abundance of his deservings, honoured with the degree of knight- hood, Sir Thomas Gates ; v/ho being by birth (with Marcus TuUius Cicero,) but de plebe virum, might say with the said consul on as firm a ground, but his modesty would not, — " Ego meis majoribus virtute prselu.'ii ;" Wanting my parent's ancient glory, My virtue shall fill up the story ; yea completely to make him equal to the best of his rank. My purpose is not to derive him from his youth, but pass many of his worthy services in the Ne- therlands and other places for his prince and country ; I Avill only remember that being made a governor of the colony planted in Virginia 1 609, in his voy- age thitherward (over long to be all recorded, for my purpose shall now be to abbreviate what I intend to speak,) in a most violent, cruel, and dangerous tempest, the great God, clothed with might and majesty, by a shipwreck, like another Jonah, made himself the first discoverer of the island called Bermu- das, now Summers Island ; which being formerly supposed not inhabitable, (nay! a hell,) is planted and possessed, and the gospel there preached. His government in Virginia was with so temperate discretion, that ensuing ages will enlarge his commendation, and say that for his many good parts he was a famous man. But why shall I say of him and his like they were, as if he could any time cease to be, whom fame, by worthy deserts, hath made im- mortal. 24-i VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. Seaton, which the learned illustrator of Great Britain, reverend Mr. Camden, guesseth to be old Moridunum, which Antoninus speaketh of, and is placed between Durnovaria and Isca (if the book be not faulty,) and called in the table of Pentigerius by a name cut short, Redunum : considering both the distance and the signification of the name : for Moridunum, in the Brit- ish tongue, is the self-same as Sea-tovrai in English, viz, a town upon a hill by the sea. It did belong anciently to the Abbey of Sherborn. Here- unto adjoineth Wiscombe. Wiscombe : where liveth a generous family of Drake ; of which race there were lately two brothers, (besides others,) Robert and Henry: (the sons of Robert:) the first, a colonel of much worth and esteem with the Prince of Orange in the Netherlands; and the other a captain : both taken away in the flower of their age: a great grief to their friends and loss to their country. This place is memorable for being the habitation of the Lord Bonvile, an unfortunate man: ( For unwise I dare not nor may not term him:) yet this may I say by the way, good fortune and wisdom, foUy and ill fortune or mischance, go masked, and that very often under one hood ; yea, unmasked do so near resemble one the other, that they are hardly known or rightly distinguished (by those that look them directly in the face,) each fi-om other, and therefore one bears very often the other's faults ; and on the contrary, one steals away the other's praise and commendation : which is truly avered by Athenseus, when he saith, — " Longissime a sapientia sors dissidet Sed multa perfecit tamen simillima." Seldom the traitor, though much haste he make, Lame-footed vengeance fails to overtake. This extreme mischief succeeded ; first his only son was taken from him by untimely death, and his nephew (the third WiUiam, Lord Harrington, by his mother's right,) slain at the battle of Wakefield ; and immediately after (that his old age might want no kind of misery,) while he waited still and long expected for better days, himself was taken (at the battle of St. Al- ban's,) prisoner, and having now run out his full and long course of nature, could not yet come to the grave in peace, but lost his head ; leaving behind him for heir. Cicely, his grandson's daughter; a damsel of tender years, who brought a large and rich inheritance to Thomas Gray, Marquess of Dorset, half-brother, by the mother, to King Edward V. Chap. XIV.] view of Devonshire. 245 CHAPTER XIV. TJie Progress of tlte River Axe, and the Hundred of Axminster. Axe, a noted river though of no great channel, not far hence, dischargeth herself into the sea ; whose original being (as it were) trans-alpine, beyond our bounds, I will not meddle withall until we meet him at Ford. Thomcomb, or rather Thorny-combe, of abundance of such briars there sometime growing ; (as Thorney, or the Isle of Thorns; now Westminster;) it is the parish in which Ford stands ; so called of the foundress of the mo- nastery, which was anciently called Heresbath : of which place this do I re- collect out of many divers opinions, Richard de Brioniis (son to Baldwin de Brioniis, Baron of Okehampton, and Albreda, niece to the Conqueror,) laid the foundation of a monastery at Brightley, where he was interred, 11 33. But his sister and heir, Adelicia, erected a new structure here, which she named Ford, and removed the Cistertian monks from Brightley hither, and with them her brother's relics, 1140 ; where she herself was also inter- red 1142. This place she so enriched, that the yearly income, at the disso- lution, 1538, was found to be £373. 10s. 6d. ob. It is now the mheritance of Sir Henry Rowswell, late sheriiF of this county, who married Drake. As Axe makes way to name Axminster, it passeth by Membury, now in the possession of the worthy tribe of Fry, sheriff of this shire the first year of King Charles I.: his seat. Yearly, alias Yetty; where Simon de Yetty lived in King Edward I.'s days. He married Bret : his father, : his son. Young. East Membury was possessed by Barnard and Lucas of East Membury under Edward I., where Axe receiveth a benevolence from a riveret that comes from Dalwood to Kilmington, near which stands Yeardborough. John de Yardbrough hved therein Edward I. time; lately possessed by West over, by whose only daughter and heir it came to Drake. Kilming- ton, alias Culmington, held by GeofFiy Knovile, Richard de Merton, Guy Brian, and [query] Pavely .'' Axminster, or Axanminster, the head of the hundred, which hath thir- teen parishes. The first that had the honour thereof, that I find, was Mo- hun, and after the abbot of Newnham by his donation. This toAvn is not 2i 246 VIEW or DEVONSHIRE. [BooK III. so famous for its fine tliread tliere spun, nor Saturday's market, nor Mid- summer fair, as renowned for preserving the monuments of Saxon princes slain at the cruel battle of Brunaburgh, and from thence brought hither. It is situated in the frontier and marches of this province, against Dorset- shire. Robert de Uphey held Uphey in Edward I.'s days. Wycroft, near hereunto, was held by Richard de Tengemue in the same age. Here Reginald de Mohun, Lord of Dunster, the last of the family (in that place,) that was Earl of Somerset, built the abbey of Newnham, 1 246, and gave thereunto the manor of Axminster with all its emoluments ; to which gift are signed witnesses, Richard, Earl of Cornwall, the king's bro- ther; Simon, Earl of Leicester; Henry, Earl of Oxford; John Fitz-GeofFry; Ralph Fitzhubert, Henry Tracy, Hugh Peverel of Ermington, and William Malherb, knights ; with others. He had this manor by the right of the fourth daughter and coheir of William de Brewer, Baron of Torbay. Here is Smalridge, the most ancient seat of the Rawleghs in this county; wherein some have supposed them to be settled before the Norman Con- quest, and say, that one of that race being taken prisoner by the Gauls, at his return built the chapel of St. Leonard's* at Smalridge ; which he the rather dedicated to that saint, for that he was cast on shore on the day de- dicated to that saint ; and in the same hung up his fetters and target of steel gilt : and that the record of all this, together with the foundation of the chapel, his hard imprisonment, and strange escape, was lately and yet to be seen. Cotley, or Cotleigh. A place of that name was anciently held by the name of Jew, a family of good estimation : — Sir Roger Jew in Edward II.; Sir Walter in Edward III.'s time: but in the reign of Edward II. by Tud- denham. At Water (this lyes in Membury,) dwelled a gentleman of the name, and lately. Perry. Then Offwell (where Stephen de OfFwel, Roger le Vere, Mulierade Bra- kisford, WUliam de Perto, and Richard de WhitewU held land in Edward L time;) and Widworthy, whence a knightly family took name : William de Widworthy was in King Edward I.'s days. By Alice, daughter and heir of * More probably St. John the Baptist's chapel; for we find in Brantyngham's Regis- ter, vol. 1. fol. 66, a licence dated 24th March, 1377, to John de Ralegh, knight, to have divine service performed " in Capella Sancti Johannis Baptiste infra manerium de Smal- rig."— G. O.,— P. J. Chap. XIV.] view of Devonshire. 247 Sir Hugh de Widworthy, knight, and his wife, daughter and coheir of Sir Wilham Reigney, knight, it descended to Sir WiUiam Pruz, knight; and then, by AHce, daughter and sole heir of Sir Hugh, (his third son,) to Meoles; and by a wi-it of partition in 17th Edward HI. between his three daughters and heirs, it came to John Northcot, and so it fell to Henry Wotton : and Ahce, heir of that line, gave it, by her marriage, to Chi- chester; and he to a younger son, whose issue now enjoys it. Here a little brook comes in from Northlegh, (an ancient race of genti- lity is of that name in this country, which might take denomination hence;) and all do end at Seaton. And so shall we in this our eastern journey, having seen Musbury, held sometime by Oliver Dinant, nomine dotis de Isabella de Courtenay. In this stands Esse, now Ash, the seat of the knightly family of Drake, who hath long possessed it from Billet and Compton. This knight maiTied Butler : his father. Button : Sir Bernard, his grandfather, a valiant knight, Fortescue. It comes now to my remembrance that I have seen a very an- cient deed, whereunto Waltero Dracone, Wymondo de Dennex, Osmondo, milite, cum multis aliis, are witnesses. In Axmouth is Donne Ralph, in the reign of Henry III. the habitation of Ralph Donne; and some eight descents after Hugh Donne had divers co- heirs, one of whom was matched with Holcombe, to whom, by partition, this fell ; whose successors alienated it to MaUock, who now possesseth it. In the church, awhile since, this coat of arms was to be seen, — Arg. three bars gemels, azure a chev. engrailed gul.; which they say belonged (and so I think they did,) to him. This line, with most of the former, might, with some study and labour, have been pedigristically delineated and made a fair show with much (per chance,) commendation, and without, per adventure, more disgust and sus- pect of hateful partiahty : but that of right belongs to my good masters the heralds ; and I intend not, with others, to thrust my sickle into their har- vest, it being their profession, and which to do rightly their oath enjoins them ; and their practice, wisdom, knowledge, and experience doth enable them. So will I conclude with Bindon, which by Blach came to Weeks, and resteth now among his heirs general. iVnd so this journey is finished. 248 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK III. CHAPTER XV. The conclusion which should be the epiphonema of this Discovery. By following the river Exe in his progress and those other rivers, brooks, and streams, that have added their best subsidy and store to the augmenta- tion of his small beginnings, when we fetched him out of Exmoor, to raise him to that largeness, and profundity, and strength, we left him at Ex- mouth, and three or four more easterly rivers : we have perambulated and taken a superficial view of all the eastern, and part of the southern, division of this county : and now by this time, I suppose, you can censure whether Devonshire may not say with Achelaus in Greece, that famous river, which speaks by Ovid's pen, — " Dominiim me cernis aquarum, Cursibus obliquis inter mea regna fluentem." Of many rivers, lord I stand. With crooked ways that cleave my land. And be you ordained and constituted judges (although you have not as yet viewed a third part,) whether she may not rightly be named De Avonia, the county of rivers : but when, with some better judges and of greater skill, you shall take a full and more perfect view of the whole body of this province, I shall httle doubt of verdict and judgment of my side against all gainsayers. And so much, I must confess, I myself intended and in some sort promised ; and with that resolution was ready, with the words of my instructor, Horace, to comfort my consorts and encourage them : — "0 ! fortes pejoraque passi Mecum scepe viri, nimc vino pellite curas; Cras ingens iterabimus aequor." Valiant and noble hearts, That of my toil have had your parts, Make yourselves merry To morrow we again With a cup of sherry : Will launch into the main. But this former tedious and long journey hath been so wearisome unto my aged years, the ways so intricate, (and no Adriane with her thread to help Chap. XV.] view of Devonshire. 249 me out of a labyrinth,) and the light obscured by the darkness of a long time, yea almost quenched in the pit of obUvion, that I am enforced to say with my former friend and counsellor — " Et mihi purgatam crebro qui personal aurem Solve seuescentem mature sanus equum ne Peccet in extremum videndus et illia ducat;" My genius often whispers in mine ear Leave further travel, for I greatly fear Thy old horse will tire ; and that were shame To put him to 't, being short breath'd and lame ; and therefore in good hope that some one more sufficiently versed and ap- proved in all studies requirable to such a discovery will more eloquently perfect what I have rudely begun, and proceed to the finishing and better furnishing of the other two parts: but I much doubt, as Ovid saith, that — " Fearing my fate, their forwardness may slack, And my ill fortunes justly pluck them back ; Doubting, because I suffer for my pains. Doing the like, the like shall be their gains." I have with great toil and labour proceeded thus far and hie baculum fixi. END OF THE THIRD BOOK. 250 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK IV. THE FOURTH BOOK, CONTAINING A VIEW OF THE NORTH DIVISION. CHAPTER I. An entrance into the view and visit of the North Division, I should here endeavour to indite some eloquent and pathetical preamble or complimentary exordium, to countenance, at least to excuse, my rude impolished discourses ; but I will not study for it : and for my apology only divulge and publish that you* who have power to command, have vouchsafed to persuade, that I say not by your authority urged me, to launch forth my weak, crazy, and weather-beaten bark into these rougher seas than erst she hath been acquainted withal; setting short, subject to storms, and where I shall need a skilful steers-man to stand steady at helm, and a good pilot to escape the rocks and shelves : but in hopes of such a consort and Fidus Achates I am not terrified with the poet's rumour, when he saith — " Hark ! hark ! with heed unto the dreadful voice ; The horrid rumbling of his hideous noise," But since we have enjoyed ourselves so far, let us, in God's name, adven- ture one voyage more, always with this caution, that you be pleased to tol- erate my vulgar phrase, and to pardon me if, in keeping the plain highway, I use a plain low phrase; and in rough, rugged, and barren places, rude, rustic, and homely terms : and so how painful soever my labours have been or shall be, I will proceed with pleasing content ; and how simple soever it seem, be pleased to remember who saith — " Multa etiam ab olitore recte atque in loco proferri possunt." * Edward, fourth Earl of Bath, who died at Tawstock 2nd March, 1636-7.— G. 0.,— P. J. Chap. L] view of Devonshire. 251 Even a herb-wife sometimes may Things right and to the purpose say. But let us spend no idle time ; and for our easier and better proceedings let us again return to Exmoor; doubt nothing of the name. After this pause we will with an easy pace ascend the mount of Hore-oke-ridge, not far from whence we shall find the spring of the riveret Linne ; which in his course will soon lead us into the north division : for I desire you should always swim with the stream, and neither stem wind nor tide. This passeth by Cunsbear, alias Countesbury-Coffin, the land sometime of the abbot of Ford, now of Wichhals ; and therein is Coffins Heanton, the land of Basset, now of Scoare; who being a verderer of the forest, hath thereby freely a lees heifer in the forest. Which riveret nameth Lynton, where Galfridus Lovet and Ccecilia de Linne held sometime land ; and spee- dily falls headlong (not a great downfall,) into the Severn at Linmouth : a place unworthy the name of a haven only a little inlet ; which in tliese last times God hath plentifully stoi-ed with herrings, (the king of fishes,) which shunning their ancient places of repair in Ireland, came hither abundantly in shoals, offering themselves, as I may say, to the fishers' nets, who soon resorted hither with divers merchants ; and for five or six years continued, to the great benefit and good of the country; until the parson vexed the poor fishermen for extraordinary unusual tithes, and then (as the inhabi- tants report,) suddenly clean left the coast, unwilling, as may be supposed, by losing their lives to cause contention. But (God be thanked,) they be- gin to resort hither again, though not as yet in such multitudes as hereto- fore. Henry de Linmouth, and after him Isabella de Albino, and now Wichhalse possesseth it: a generous family. He married Pomery: his father, Ackland : his grandfather, Munck. Brendon, lying close to Exmoor, may take his name either of barren down or brent down, for here they used to burn their land to have a good crop of corn. St. Albino, after Heverington, alias Harrington, and now Chichester possesseth it. From this comes a brook that passeth Parra- Combe, or rather Per-Combe, (the a being a usual attribute to words in ancient time,) or Pedrecombc. Here St. Aubin holds land, and Walter, and Squire. To the lord whereof belonged great privileges : and had a prison and execution of offenders within itself. Martins- Hoe, or Martins-Hill, (which owncth his old landlord Martin, 252 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. now Berry,) on the one side, and on the other Trenslo. There Galfridus Trendesho tenet in Trendesho et Stevenaish, now Sevenash. Here the land is so uneven that you shall have these words of hoe and combe often repeated, which signify hills and valleys. In the last named stand Tatchcomb, which Beamond, Muttleberry, but now a younger branch of Chichester, of Arlington, possesseth. This parish is separated from Comb-Martin by bound-stones only; one of which they term hang-man-stone: the reason demanded, it was answered, that a thief having stolen his neighbour's sheep, bound the legs together, and castmg him upon his shoulders, the legs compassing his neck, he came to the stone, (which is some four feet in height, pitched in the earth,) and thuiking there to ease himself for awhile of his heavy burden, the sheep, laid on the stone, on a sudden so struggled drew him backward beyond his power to recover that he was choaked. And now are we clear of this parish. CHAPTER II. Of Comb-Martin and the Silver Mines there. This borough deriveth its name of the situation, being a low and deep vaUey, surrounded with very high hiUs on every side, (toward the sea excepted,) and the addition of Martin from Le Su-e Martin de Turon, a man of much worth, and assistant to WiUiam Duke of Normandy when he con- quered this land; of whom he had this and other great possessions given him : so we name it either Comb-Martin, or Martins-Comb. Some of his issue were called, in those days, Fitz-Martin, and flourished to the height of a barony, and had in time that title from Barnstaple, Dartington, and Ca- mois in Wales : I intend a place, and not the family of the Camois that were barons of Broodwater in Sussex ; of which name Sir John, son of the TiOrd Ralph Camois, freely passed away his wife (daughter and heir to John de Gaydesdon,) to Sir WUliam Panell, knight, and quit claimed all her goods and chattels whatsoever, so at his death she lost her dowry ; as you may see exempUfied out of the parhament records. But I think I have nothing to do with those, but with the Martins ; some of whose posterity. Chap. II.] view of Devonshire. 253 even at this day, flourish in knightly rank in this county, whom in their places we shall observe. They procured this town to l)e made a borough with the privileges of waifs, estrays, wrecks, felons' goods, assize of bread and ale, and pillory, with a market on Thursday, and a fair on Whitsun-Monday. A little river, (that hath as great a name as the second river of England,) Humber, cleaveth it throughout, making, at the town's end, a poor haven, which yieldeth a like commodity. But again to Martin. The heirs general of the elder house, sisters of one William, and daugh- ters of another WiUiam, were Eleanor and Joan ; for so I find in an office taken in Exeter the 26th May, 1326. Et dicunt quod Elionora de Hastings, soror dicti Willihelmi Martini ante nata, (she was after married to Sir Philip de CuUumbariis, knight, and had by him issue,) et Jacobus Dominus Audelegh, filius Johannse alterius sororis dicti WilUhelmi, (for she was first wife to Nicholas, Lord Audelegh ; and secondly, second wife to Henry Lacy, Earl of Lmcoln, Baron of Halton, Constable of Chester, and Lord of Denbigh ; but had no issue by him ;) sunt propinquiores hoeredes dicti WiUihelmi Martini. After some time it receded to the crown : for I find that King Richard II. had to his great favourite, Robert de Vere, fourth Earl of Oxford, of that name, whom he created first Marquess of Dublin in Ireland, and after, in short time, advanced him to a far more eminent title, Duke of that whole kingdom, giving him 1000 marks of land by the year; (with the Castle of Flint in Wales ;) of which land I think this borough and manor was parcel : for Rex Richardus II., 1385, concessit Roberto de Veere, comiti Oxon, Manerium de Comb-Martin cum ahis habendum sibi quousque tot terras conquestatus fuerit in Hibernia, et eas in pace teneret. It returned eftsoons again to the crown ft-om whence it came, and King Henry VIII. gave it to Sir Richard Pollard, whose son sold it to Hancock, whose issue now enjoys it. His father married Newman : his grandfather, Bampfield. The town is not rich ; yet are the people industrious and painful : their greatest trade and profit is the making of shoemakers' thread, by spinning whereof they maintain themselves, furnishing therewith the most part of the shire. The soil is not naturally fruitful ; but manured and improved with sand, lime, and such like, is made much richer, and yields increase to their satisfaction. 2k 254 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE, [BoOK IV. But the ancient inhabitants not therewith satisfied, (nor yet the modern,) they have mined for silver with very rich success, and have verified the poet's saying, — •'' Non tantum segetes alimentaque debita dives Poscebatur humus, sed itum est in viscera terras, Effodiuntur opes irritamenta malorum." Not corn alone and other fruit, for food extracted were Out of the earth ; but they proceed with pickaxe for to tear The very bowels of the same for silver and for gold : The chief provokers unto ill and mischiefs manifold. For this town hath been rich and famous for her silver mines : of the first finding and working whereof there are no certain records remaining. In the time of Edward I. they were wrought ; but in the tumultuous reign of his son they might chance to be forgotten, until Edward III., who, in his French conquest, made good use of them ; and so did Henry V. of which there were divers monuments, their names yet to this time remaining; as the king's mine, the store house, blowing house, and refining house. And lately in om- age, in the time of Queen Elizabeth, there was found a new lode in the lands of Richard Roberts, gentleman ; first begun to be wrought by Adrian Gilbert, esquire, and after by Su- Bevois Bulmer, knight; by whose mineral skill great quantity of silver was landed and refined ; of which he gave a rich and fair cup to the right honourable M^illiam, Earl of Bath, whereon was engraven (as I remember,) this posy, — " In Martin's-Comb long lay I hid, " And adding yet a farther grace, Obscure, depress'd with grosser soil ; By fashion he did enable Debased much with mixed lead, Me worthy for to take a place Till Bulmer came, whose skill and toil To serve at any prince's table. Refined me so pure and clean Comb-Martin gave the ore alone. As richer no where else is seen. Bulmer fining and fashion. "Anno nostrae salutis 1593, Reginse Virginis, 35. "Nobilissimo viro Willihelmo Comiti Bathon, Locum-tenenti Devoniee et Exon." He gave also another, with a cover, to the honourable Sir Richard Martin, knight. Lord Mayor of the city of London, to continue to the said city for ever: it weigheth 137 ounces, fine, better than sterling: on which these verses are yet to be seen, — Chap. II.] view of devonshirk. 255 " When water-works in Broaken-wharf In place call'd Combe, where Martin long At first erected were, Had hid me in his mould. And Beavis Bulmer with his art I did no service on the earth, The waters gan to rear, Nor no man set me free, Dispersed I, in earth did lye Till Bulmer by his skill and charge Since all beginnings old, Did form me thus to be. "Anno nostrae redemption is 1593, Reginae Virginis 35. " Richardo Martino Militi, iterum Majori sive vice-secunda civitatis London." These mines have again been lately renewed, but by such as either wanted skill or other sufficiency to proceed in a business of that quality and charge, and therefore yielded none or little profit. In this parish stands West-Challacomb, a seat of Pruz, with whom we shall meet again elsewhere. In the church were sometime to be seen these armories, — Sab. three lions saliant arg. inscensed'gul. Gul. three bars or. Sab, a gaunt- let with a border engrailed arg. Azure on a chev. arg, three mullets sab, pierced. Gul. on a chief arg. three cocks of the field. In the chm-ch-yard before the porch is erected a fair tomb with this inscrip- tion at the head, — "Christus mihi vita." In the umbril point, — An hour-glass on a death's head. At the foot, — " Mors mihi Lucrum." On the side this memorial, — " Richard Roberts of this parish, gentleman, whose christian faith was approved by his beneficence to the poor, both in his former and later days ; rendered his soul to his Redeemer on the festival day of Christ's nativity, Anno Domini 1622." His four coheirs were married to Westcote, Squire, Amory, and Isaak. Now let us proceed. 256 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK IV. CHAPTER III. Of Berry -Nerhert, Bowdon, and Bishop Jewel. Next in our way is Berry, alias, Bury-Nerbert, sometime the seat of Willihelmus Nerbert de Bury ; (such evidence of that name I have seen divers ;) but in this age of Berry, or Bury de Nerbert ; or to speak with the vulgar. Berry of Berry-Nerbert. The vicissitude, interchanging of these names in this manner (being all but one stirp,) is not obvious, and seemed very strange to me at first, (as no marvel was it that it should,) for it did the like to the illustrator of Great Britain, Mr. Camden. But since I have found some such like somewhat (but little) dififering, as John Culme of Culme John, WiUiam Coffin of Coffins- Will, of whom in their places. This tribe hath been of very long continuance in this place, and continueth in worshipful state unto this day; and hath branched forth many fair boughs which have taken good root in sundry other places. In this parish we may not pass Bowdon; for if rare and admirable qualities of our ancestors do merit a grateful acknowledgment of posterity, then ought we most respectively to do the like to the singular natural endowments and super-natural graces of a most reverend prelate here born, that he may live and flourish in perpetual remembrance : by whom (as an especial means,) the sincere religion we now profess received much vigour and strength in its new spring : John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbuiy, a perfect rich gem and true jewel indeed : for if I may allude to the name, there is one that saith, " the price, prosperity, and happiness of Aurelius Augustinus' labours and works; the industrious vigilance of Gregory; the heavenly gifts of Theodosius; the divine spirit of Ambrose ; the golden mouth of Chrysostom ; the sweet vein of Lactantius; the shining style of Fulgentius, are very conspicuous in their names:" so that if any where the observation of Chrysostom be true, that there lies a great hidden treasure in names, surely it may rightly be said to be here ; grace m John and eminent perfection in Jewel. His life is already written in large volumes, and the light of my dim candle might be spared in such a fair sunshine, yet blame me not (intending to illustrate this pro- vince,) to take this fit opportunity to enrich my barren discourse with an ornament of such value. Chap. III.] view of Devonshire. 257 The prime of his age he passed in Merton College in Oxford, where the flowers of poetry and eloquence soon appeared abundantly in him : trans- lated thence into Corpus Christi, he (with admiration) preceded his ancients ; and applying himself to the study of divinity, became so excellent a preacher of the gospel, and had such rare method and other admirable gifts therein, that multitudes flocked to hear him, among whom was Mr. Parkhurst, his sometime tutor, who, at the end of his lecture, saluted him with this dis- tinction, — "Olim discipulus mihi, chare Juelle, fuisti ; Nunc ero discipulus, te renueate, tibi." Dear Jewel thou wert once Do not gainsay, I will be now A pupil unto me; Disciple unto thee. His behaviour was so virtuous that his heaviest adversary, (the dean of the college,) being of a contrary religion, could not notwithstanding forbear to yield this testimony in his commendation — " I should love thee Jewel, wert thou not a Zuinglian. — In thy faith thou art an heretic, but sure in thy life thou art an angel." In the time of persecution he fled, not without divers dangers, to Frankfort ; but God shortening those days in the entrance of Queen Ehzabeth, he was, with other exiles, recalled,, and upon his return expressed such admirable wisdom and learning in the great and weighty disputation, (wherein he had so excellent a gift,) that what St. Gregory Nazianzen wrote in his epitaph upon great St. Basil, did rightly belong to this prelate : his words were thunder, and his life Ughtning, that his adver- saries to shun it, (by tergiversation,) soon quitted it. Shortly after he was preferred to the see of Sarum, where he bore himself so reUgiously that the memory (let me speak in another phrase,) of his assiduity in preaching, carefulness in providing learned pastors, resolution in reforming abuses, bounty in reheving the poor, vdsdom in composing litigious strifes, equity in judging spiritual causes, faithfulness in keeping and sincerity in bestow- ing church goods, was a fragrant sweet- smelling odour, blown abroad not only in that diocese but generally through the whole kingdom. Other his rare endowments I will (for brevity) pass, only note his excel- lent memory, and worthy works both in English and Latin ; especially his unanswerable apology which his near-born countryman. Doctor Harding, his antagonist, with much eloquence endeavoured to confute: of which 258 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE, [BoOK IV. two learned men it may fitly be applied which was spoken, of Jugurtha and Marius, — that they learnt in one, they practised in two contraiy camps with repugnant affections. He died 1571, in the 50th year of his age : of which it is credibly said he prophetically foretold to his friends; and was buried in the cathedral church at Sarum, near that stout champion and prelate of the same church, Robert Wivill ; who, upon a writ of right, fought a duel, for recovery of the castle of Old Sarum. And well it was to place them near together, they being both noble defenders, one of the church land, the other of the church faith. Dr. Humphrey wrote the following epitaph for his episcopal friend, — "D. "Johanui Jewello Auglo-Devoniensi ex antiqua Juellorum familia Budenae oriundo, Academiae Oxoniensis laudatissimo Alumno: Mariana Tempestate, per Germaniam exuli; Praesuli, regnante Elisabetha Regina, Sarisburiensis Dioecoeseos ( cui per annos xi, menses ix. summa fide et integritate praefuit) religiosissimo, viro singulari eruditione, ingenio acutissimo, judicio gravissimo, pietate, humanitate egregie preedito ; Theologiae cum primis cognitione instruc- tissimo; Gemmae Gemmarum, immature fato Munckton-Farleae praerepto; Saris- buriae sepulto, ccelorum civi, Laurentius Humphredus hoc monumentum obser- vantiae ergo et benevolentiae consecravit, Anno salutis humanae Christi merito restitutae 1571. 9o calend. Octob. vixit annos 49, menses 4. Psal. 112. In me- moria aeterna erit Justus." Another epitaph was set on him by Sir John Wolley, knight, principal se- cretary to Queen Ehzabeth, of famous memory for the Latin tongue, and speaks thus, — " Heu! mihi quam celeri fugiunt mortalia cursu Quaeque minus debet surripit atra dies. Vivere tu longo fueras dignissimus aevo : Flende mihi nimium chare Juelle jaces, Moribus, ingenio, Doctrina, Religione : Nulla ferent talem saecula longa virum." Here in this church of Berry-Nerbert was interred Nicholas Harper, and upon his stone this epitaph, — " Harper : the music of thy life So sweet, so free from jar or strife ; To crown thy skill hath rais'd thee higher, And plac'd thee in the angels' choir : Chap. IV.] view of Devonshire. 259 And though that death hath thrown thee down, In heaven thou hast thy harp and crown." Setting hence from the little haven at Watermouth we are present at Ilfar- combe, or Ilfridecombe, and perchance Alfrincomb, which one Robert held at the conquest; Sir Oliver Champernon under Richard I.; and three or four in descent until Richard II. In Henry V.'s reign Sir John Herle pos- sessed it. Queen EHzabeth gave it to Sir William Parr, Marquess of North- ampton and Earl of Essex ; so it came to Sir Edward Gorges, now Baron Gorges of Dundalk in Ireland. It is a pretty harbour for ships of small burden, but dangerous to come in in some winds, especially for strangers; for whose better security they keep a continual pharos to direct their course, which may be called Speculum WalHse, as that Orosius speaketh of Bra- gantia in Galicia, Speculum Brittaniee. The town is one scattering street ; at the end whereof stood sometime a chapel dedicated to our Lady of Thorn. The manor of West Hagington hath changed sundry possessors ; but Dam- mage continues his old Lord, CutcliiFe. In the church I only noted this in- scription, — " Hie jacet corpus Elizabethas Basset quondam uxoris Johannis Basset, quae obiit 24o. die Junii A. D 1419. Cujus anime propitietur Deus in aeternuin." CHAPTER IV. Of Morthoe Tracy, and Moort-Stone. Joining to the sea-shore is Mort, or Mort-hoe, remarkable for being the seat of Sir William Tracy, knight, and the place where for a while he rested in ease; until some ill-affected persons seeking for treasure, but dis- appointed thereof, stole the leaden sheets he lay in, leaving him in danger to take cold. This was the man that, accompanied with Sir Rejmold Fitz- urse, alias Bearson, Baron of Braynes; Sir Hugh Morvill, alias Mortivile; and Sir Richard Bryton, were the four knights who, hearing their lord and master, King Henry II., complain of the unsufferablc wrongs and affronts given him by Thomas Becket, (whom from mean degree he had advanced 260 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. to be Lord Chancellor of England, and afterwards to be Archbishop of Can- terbury;) and yet no man revenged him of tliis insulting traitor, they came presently for England, and on the 29th December, 1 1 70, kUled the said archbishop in Canterbury church; for which fact they fled into divers re- mote places ; and this knight came into this place and here Hved and his posterity; the Pope banning, cursing, and excommunicating, (then so for- midable and powerful, that it made the wind to blow always in his face; whereby grew a common proverb in this tract to those who had adverse for- tune or ill chances, — thou art Uke Sir William Tracy, wind and weather is always against thee:) notwithstanding got great possessions and honour, and added their names to places, as here, WoUacomb-Tracy, Bovey-Tracy, Nymet-Tracy, Bradford-Tracy, and others: concerning whose armories it pleased once Mr. Camden to tell me that the coat noted in this country for his, viz, or, a lion in bend, gul. between two cotizes, sab., was but a supposed and mistaken thing ; and that his coat was the same now borne by the honourable family of the Tracies. [Or, an escallop in chief sable, between two bends, gules.] In an aisle of the church is a monument whose fashion warrants antiquity, and inscription pleads to be his :* at the head whereof is engraven a cruci- fix, and on either side a woman mourning: on the right side three escutch- eons; the first a plain cross charged with five roundles, which may be St. Aubin's: three hons in pale passant; this may be Carew's: two barrs; which may be set for Martin: for the colours are worn out long since, and these men had possessions near. On the other side of the tomb is an inscription or epitaph not wholly le- gible, and on a grey marble his portraiture. * Certainly not : he was buried at Cosenza, in Calabria, and the figure is evidently that of an ecclesiastic in his robes, holding a chalice in his hands. Unfortunately the French inscription is now imperfect, but enough remains to record an invocation of God's mercy on the soul of a member of the Tracy family. Most probably this was William Tracy, the Rector of St. George's Church at Morthoe, for more than a quarter of a century, and the founder of this chantry in honour of SS. Catharine and Mary Magdalene, in the year 1308. He died in 1322, and was succeeded in this Rectory on the 16th December that year by Thomas Roberts, clerk. ( Bishop Stapeldon's Register, fol. 171.) In the Fabric Roll of Exeter Cathedral, A. D. 1323, is recorded a legacy of 20s. to the work ■' De Testamento Dni Willelmi de Traci quondam Rectoris de Mortho." The last Ex-chantry Priest of Morthoe, Thomas Rogers, was in the receipt of a pension of 5£ from the Crown in 1553.— G. O.,— P. J. Chap. IV.l viaw of dbvonshire. 261 I will leave the reading and interpretation to the better sight of one that is more conversant with such antiquities, and show you what armories else I found there. — Barry of six verry and gu. Beaumont. Argent a chevron sab. between three mullets gu. — Way. Or three torteauxes and a file of three azure. — Courtenay. Azure three shovellers' heads erased arg. — Lacy. England and France semi quartered. England with a border of France. — Woodstock. Azure an ass' face argent. Quarterly per fess indented gul. and arg. — Fitzwarren. Now let us proceed on our way. In this parish is a fair bay named Mort-Bay, and would be, per chance, a convenient harbour were it not stopped up by a huge rock in the mouth thereof; which being removed would make a fair bay. This rock they call Mort-stone : how it may be removed — " Hie labor hoc opus est." Though the thing be much deair'd, Great skill and labour is therein requir'd. It is a project of great difficulty, yet there is an ancient bye-word, or pro- verb, by tradition among them, that saith one man may do it. Discretion and folly have often striven for mastery in my speech and actions. Horace pleads for the first. — " Miscc stultitiam consiliis brevem ;" Thy gravest counsel mix With some light trivial tricks ; and speaks well : I will hear nothing to the contrary. You shall know therefore the secret of the matter. Many have been there, and some of very good rank, but understanding the reason that enables him that must do it, with sufficient strength to perform it, have forborne the proof, think- ing themselves (and partly confessing,) not to be born under so happy a constellation ; for Mars must be predominant in Leo : for if he have never so Httle reflex in Aries, Taurus, or Capricorn, there is no hope. If you de- sire to know the consideration of such advisement, you shall willingly; for being divulged abroad, some knight-errant wiU perchance travel hither and attempt it; which may be the cause in time of removing of it. No man, saith the proverb, shall remove it but lie only that is his wife's master. Many of us plain men of the country, of all trades, professions, and degrees, have put our shoulders to it (with good hope,) and our best strength, but it will not 2l 262 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. be: we therefore think it must be a stranger. Some say a Russian; for the women of that cold country think themselves not beloved of their hus- bands if they be not beaten, at least once every week, though causelessly: and an ambassador, that lay long there, told divers pretty tales thereof ; of which this is one, for commonly one draws in another. — " Being ambassador (saith he) from the Emperor Ferdinando to Basilius, Duke and King of Muscovia, I was lodged in the house of a honourable bur- gess in the city of Moscow ; and I saw my host oftentimes to beat his wife upon no occasion; and yet notwithstanding she left not to love him, and they spake still kindly to one the other without the least show of discon- tent ; and yet the woman was often beaten, sometimes with his dagger, or staff, or kicked with his foot." He proceeds. "There was also a goldsmith in the same city, to whom, by means of former acquaintance, I often frequented. I remember his wife sent him word by one of his children, who delivered it in my presence, that he had not beaten his mother so much as once all that week, but if he did not she would neither love him nor provide any more diet for him. The goldsmith, busily employed about his work, little regarded his son's words, neither re- membered the country's custom so generally in use as those naturally born there, (for he was a German, and allowed not of this custom to strike his wife, or to show her any unkind countenance;) yet afterward, upon her im- portunity, (redoubling the message,) he discharged his duty by giving her half a dozen good blows with a cudgel, plucking off her head attire, where- wnth she was so well pleased that she forthwith called him to an excellent dinner presently prepared for him : otherwise, if a week should pass and she not beaten, there could be no quietness in the house, nor should he get a good word of her." I repeat not these tales as alledging these customs for orthodoxal in Great Britain ; but do rather express the strong ambition to rule of that sex which we term weak ; and that the husbands in Russia are, in a sort, compelled to maintain this custom ; and where men are under command or dare do no other, there is no mastery. And so I think that Mort- stone will stand there for ever ; for you hear that my associates that travel with me have no leisure, and per chance as little desire to try this matter, being earnest to coast the country and see George- Ham. Chap. V.] view of Devonshire. 263 CHAPTER V. Of George-Ham and Pidickwell. The parish of Ham, which Verstegan will have to be set for Heyne, and so with the addition of George, to be the residence or seat of George. In this is Cryde, a hamlet, whence the bay under it is named Cryde Bay ; held by St Baldwin le Fleming, Baron of Slane, from whom it came to Belle w and Dillon: now divided among many. Buckland Dinham carrieth his lord's name in his forehead of antiquity; but after Champernon and Chighester. Here is the large barton of Pidiswell, vulgarly Pickwell; compounded, as it should seem, of two or three tenements : for we find that Sir Robert Ferrers, Richard Talbot, and Sir Maugerus de St. Albino held land in Pi- diswell in one age. Yet some will add a third name, and call it Pitchwell, and should take that name upon this note-worthy and remarkable occasion : In the latter days of Henry III. the inhabitant was Sir Maugerus de St. Albino, or St. Aubyn : this knight and his lady are inteiTed in the church, under a fair monument of free-stone, with their representations neatly cut; and lying in his armour makes show of large stature, somewhat more than ordinary. The inhabitants report, from their ancestors, that he was of a giant-like stature, and therefore named Major St. Aubyn; mistaking Major for Maugerus, or Maugis; a common name in those days. Of this knight also the tradition is, that he was of so great and extraordinaiy strength that he was able cast a huge main stone a very large length. The stone is yet there to be seen, and the throw marked out by two erected monuments yet extant, and the stone so weighty that two strong men of this age are but able to lift it. Such a one as is mentioned by Homer to be thrown by Diomedes to ^Eneas : for he saith, — ' Saxum accipit manu Tydides magni ponderis, quod non duo viri ferrent Quales nunc homines sunt." Then in his hand Diomedes took To lift the like in this our age A wondrous massy stone ; Would make two strong men groan. 264 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. Well to come to the name; the distance of these two marks is so large, that the place should thereof be denominated Pitch-well, as if you should say, thou hast pitched well. He might be, I will not gainsay, of great strength and of somewhat more than ordinary stature; but if he were such a giant as they report him, his lady must be his equal, or the monument is not well made, for their proportions are of one stature. For his great force I will not question, for I have seen myself some of great strength, and yet but of ordinary stature. And leaving Camerarius' report of George of Fronsberge, Baron of Mindlehaim, who was known to be of far greater strength than common men, in that he could lift a cannon; we will rest upon a tenant of Mr. Carew's, of Antony in Cornwall, named John Bray, who in this age, in the sight of his landlord, carried upon his back at one time, by the space of a butt-length, six bushels of wheaten-meal, accounting fifteen gallons to the bushel (which is eleven bushels, Winchester,) and the miller, a lubber of twenty-four years of age, upon the whole. All this granted of his stature and strength, yet it could not give the name, (which is that I insist on,) for I find Sir Robert de Pidickswell some forty years before him ; and another of the name yet more ancient. Next came Batcombe thither, then Carew, and now Newcourt. His father married Harris: his grandfather with Dillon. In the church were to be seen these armories, — Argent a cross engrailed gul. between three water bougets sab. — Bourchier. Quarterly argent and gu. per fess indented. — Fitzwarren. Ermine on a plain cross gul. five bezants. — St. Aubyn. Or three lions passant in pale sab.— Carew. Checkee or and gul. a chief verry. — Chichester. Argent on a chevron between three talbots sab. a fleur-de-lis of the first. — Talbot. Barry of six verry and gul. — Batcombe. Argent three lions ramp. gul. — Crydhoe. Gules billety and a fess argent. — Crydwill. Sable three fusils ermine. — GiFFARD, In the churchyard upon* John Newcourt, esq., is erected a tomb with this epitaph, — " This is my home ere trumpet sound And Christ for me doth call ; Then shall I rise from death to life, And die no more at all." And under it, — Chap. VI.] view of Devonshire. 265 " In coelo certe anima est Hue studuit ire." To go the directest way, we must pass by Santon, having the adjunct of court, as where the lord's court was kept : it taketh name of the situation which joineth near the sea, on a large plain sandy strand, whence in the ebb the wind drives the sand abundantly to huge heaps near the house, from which is daily fetched great quantity to manure the neighbouring fields ; and yet never emptied nor lessened, but continually again suppUed by the wind; so therefore called Santon, quasi Sand-Town, It was some- time the seat of Fleming ; lately of Chichester; now of Lutterel. I find in the time of Henry III. a knight of this county by the name of Sir Thomas de Arenis and de Arenisque, whom I know not where to settle fitter than at this place: and it was the seat of Sir Robert de Stockay, knight, in King Edward I.'s days; then of Sir William Esturmy, ahas Sturmin, termed Dominus de Santon, jure uxoris ejus. CHAPTER VI. Of the River Taw, his spring and progress. / Now are we come to the nuptials of the two great rivers. Taw and Tor- ridge ; which solemnity is no sooner finished but by fair embracing incorpo- rated, and so they fall over Barnstaple bar and make their bride-bed in the Severn sea. We may not take either of them, as we find them here in their full growth, but seek their original and nurses, from whom they have been fed to rise to such magnitude : and to begin first with Taw ; we shall find him a very small lake at his birth in Dartmoor, near unto Throwley, which was successively in the possession of the two worthy fa- milies of Pruz and Moeles. South-Tawton, the first begotten of this river ; which was sometime held a hundred of itself : Edward II. held it himself in the minority of the then Earl of Warwick. In this is North- Wyke, the seat of Wyke, a generous ^^^ VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. family of great age. He married Arscot : his father Parker : his grandfa- ther GifFard. Cockatree also came to this tribe by match with the coheir of BumeU. West-Wyke, the inheritance of Batteshill, a family of good respect. He married Hole : his father, Dinham : his grandfather the heir of Wood. And Wiginton, or Wykinton, the inheritance of Milford, lineally descend- ed from the ancient Judge Milford, a man of great worth in his time. Hen- ry I. gave the manor of South-Tawton to William de Bello Monte, or Bea- mont; whose issue male, in the reign of Henry HI. was created a baron : but before him Roger de Tony was possessed thereof. That name was standard-bearer of Normandy in the Conqueror's days; and another Roger, if not the same, was Baron of Flamstead. Spreton, or Spriton, comes next in our view; who called Tabot of Tal- bots-Wyke, chevalier, escheator of Devon ; (no small office in those days ;) in the time of Henry V. landlord : now Kelly and Gilbert. North-Tawton, another adopted child of this river, which William de BeUo-Prato (Beaupre,) held in the 3rd of Edward IH.; but the hundred, which takes name of the parish, and contains nineteen parishes, was in the tenure of Hugo de Valletort, or Vawtor. Sir Joelus de Valletort wrote himself of Tawton under Henry IH., and Sir John in the time of Edward I. By one of the coheirs of OMver Champernon and Egelina his wife, Richard Wood, ahas de Bosco, sergeant-at-law, derived himself from the royal blood of the Earl of Cornwall, and John Wood of Ashridge, in that parish, now from him. He married Copleston : his father, Windham : his son FoweU. Here also is a generous tribe of Cottle, who married Wood : his father, — . My purpose in this my wearisome travel had this end to see and inform myself, and to make use of the best things and observations, but not to feed myself or you with raw indigestible meat or trifles, such as either by their strangeness might cause a suspicion of untruth, or by their vanity add to my other imperfections, a weakness and defect of judgment in choice of intelhgence; nor to depend too securely upon report and what I find any- where written : yet be pleased to be advertised of what I have heard avouched before a right honourable personage and one of the privy-council to Queen Elizabeth, being at the place. There stands a house in this parish named Baath, the inheritance first of the family of Baa, or Baath, and after the inheritance of Samford ; by whose Chap. VI.] view of devonshirk. 267 heir it came to Slader, who descended from the Sladers of Barrow-Down in Kent, and was in his time a justice of peace; who reported, and so did di- vers before him, that before the door of that house there is, in the winter- time, a pool, not made by any spring but by the downfall of rain water, but in the summer-time commonly dry; of which pool this was often observed, that before the death or change of any prince, or some other strange acci- dent of great importance, this pool, in the dryest times, would be so fuU that it would overflow its banks, and so continue to maintain a stream until the matter happened that it prognosticated. "Credi sic ipse volebat," He would have us believe it to be thus, and I can alledge no reason to the contrary; and in divers authentic authors you shall often encounter with the like report : and as I have been informed it hath been in these latter days three times seen in little more than thirty years. Crock-Burnel : a hamlet which by Burnel's coheir came to Cole of Som- erset. Nymet-Nichol was the inheritance of Simon Lamprey, whose heir was married to Parsloe, or Perseulew, of West-Horwood ; two ancient tribes. It hath a fair on St. Martin's day. Taw on the wester side leaves Sarapford, which, for distinction from ano- ther of that name, hath yet his ancient lord's name, Courtenay, joined to it. Here is nothing remarkable, but that the Commons here began their first stirring to assist the Cornishmen in the time of Edward VI., 1549; whose depressing you shall find elsewhere. Honey church, in ancient deeds, Honi-Cheu, is a little parish giving name to a family now elsewhere inhabiting : after possessed by Haydon ; and now by the generous family of Risdon of Bableigh, Bundlegh now, formely Boneley ; so from the Norman you may call it Good-Ley, Lease, or Good Pasture. Robertus de Campeleston, now Champston lorded there; after Gambon ; now Wyndham. It leaves on the right hand Zeal, or Seal, with the addition of Mona- chorum ; for it belonged to the abbey of Buckfastleigh : it is now called Munckton-Seal. Here Pasmore held land; and now the illustrious familv of Seymour. 268 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK IV. Then Coleridge, or Coldridge, de Frigido jugo. Alanus held land in Col- *rig, and so did Saulfe in the Conqueror's time. Courtenay, Bonvile, and Basset held land here ; and in the 1 3th King John, Hen. de St. George, knight. Nymet with the addition of Rowland showeth to whom it belonged. Walter de Nimeton held it more anciently, and Copleston more lately. Henry de Umphravile, a potent lineage, held both these last in the time of Edward H. In all this course our river hath been very well nursed by divers rills, brooks, and bourns; but here it receiveth a good assistance to strengthen by a pretty river, made of two riverets not above an hour since, one rising near Puddington. (It may be you have heard of the poor man of Puddington, alias Potington.) Ralph de SiccaviUa, after Cruse, and now Hays possess- eth it. The other rill comes from Witheridge, which giveth name to a hundred of twenty-three parishes, the honour whereof belonged to Robert le Mar- chant; now to Hatch. William Poleyn and Stukeley held land here: now Melhuish. And Dart Ralph took his first name of the river, and gave it to a generous family ; who, giving it to a younger son called Ralph, hath now both names, and is called Dart Ralph. It hath a fair every Midsummer-day, In the church I once saw these armories, — Argent two barrs azure. The second was argent three fusils fess gu. The third, azure three wolves in pale current argent. The fourth, a ladder or bier in bend sab. Azure three shovellers' heads erased argent. — Lacy. In the chancel on a tomb is this epitaph engraven, — " Hie jacet Thomas Melhuish Arm. hujus EcclesisePatronus.qui verum coluit verae religionis et pietatis dogma; Litigiosorum Pacificus; Infirmorum Adju- tor optimus; qui obiit 5to die Febr. Anno 1605." Near it, upon a marble stone thus : — " Here lieth Elisabeth, the wife of John Gaydon, Vicar of Witheridge, who died 21st Octob., 1613. Mors mihi vita." And on another stone, adjoining close unto it, this inscription, — Chap. VI.] view of devonshirk. 269 " Here lieth the body of John Gaydon, sometime Vicar of this, Church ; who deceased the 3rd of Nov., 1620. " Te comitem mihi vita dedit sociala jugalem Mortuus et comitar te quoque : siste gradum." Upon a tomb in the churchyard thus : — " Here lieth Joan, the daughter of Nicholas and Mary Thomas, of Way ; [meaning Westway;] who deceased the 6th Nov., Anno 1627. " The flower is faded, and earth doth possess her; Her soul is in heaven where angels embrace her." It passeth Thelbridge and Morchard, which hath his addition Bishop, to testify he sometime belonged to the see of Exon. In the time of Edward I. Augustine Baa, ahas de Bathe; Sir William and Sir Walter de Baa in the time of Richard I. and King John; from him it came to Holland. The other riveret cometh from Nymet, alias Nympt-Tracy, lords of the manor, (and borough of Bow,) taking his name of the crookedness of the town bending hke a bow, yet nothing so narrow and crooked as that the poet speaks of: — " Rhedaruni transitus arcto Vicorum inflexu;" The lane so crooked was Coaches could hardly pass ; for here the way and street is so spacious and large that coaches may pass fairly at their pleasure; and by that would I remember it hath two fairs kept on the Ascension and St. Martin's Day. Clanaborough, or, as some will, Clowns-Borough, and so it might be in some age, and brook his name, a fort kept by clowns; but I take it to be Cloenesberga in Domes-day Book. It hath (as many other) changed many lords — Punchardon, Rawlegh, Ford, and others. Kennerley, or rather Kingwardly, hath passed from St. Cleer to Dow- rish, and from that name to Northcot. Then pass we by Lapford ; of which name, somewhat to quicken your spirits, I will tell you a pleasant gentleman's o])inion, which is, that it took name upon the like occasion as Gideon, when he made choice of his men at the well of Ha- rod to fight with the Midianites, ^vhen he elected only those that lapped the 2m 270 VIEW OF DEVONSHIREo [BoOK IV, water like dogs ; you shall find the history in the 7th chapter of Judges ; and the addition of ford makes it, said he, very probable. It was the land of Henry Umfravile, of Arundell, and Basset ; and of Oliver St. John, or de Sto. Johanne, in Edward III.'s day; after Umfravile another account says the family of St. George ; whose arms and inheritance, coming by his daughter and heir to Bozome, is now possessed and born by the ancient family of Fulford. Then coming to Brushford, or Brysford, it cleaveth the earth for a larger channel to contain its waters. ( These additions of ford are to such places as in times passed were passages over rivers ere that bridges were buUt.) Abbotsham is a manor here; which from holy uses came to Harvey; and from him, by his daughter and heir, to Paulet. Eggisford, or Egenisford, anciently the seat of Thomas de Bilchester; and under Henry III. Sir John de Re\Tiey wrote himself of this place, which was a tribe of sundry descents in these parts, and one of them a reverend judge of great fame in his time. A daughter of this house enriched a second house of Copleston therewith ; whose issue male fading in the fourth de- scent, the sole heir of John brought it, with herself, to Sir Edward Chi- chester, knight ; now Viscount Belfast in Ireland. Wemworthy belonged to the family of Le Espeke. In this stands Rashley, belonging to that name ; but now to Clotworthy of Clotworthy, who married with the daughter of Rashleigh, and so had a house of his own, and another of his wife's name. His father, Parker: his son, RoU and Lawrence. CHAPTER VII. Of Affton and the Family of Stnkely, Here we are enlarged by a river that riseth near Crecombe, or Craw- combe, which Angerus held, and now Harris of Lifton : and passeth by Rakenford, alias Rachenford. In the Saxons' time it was a borough pri- vileged with certain hberties and freedoms; but that it was such a place Chap. VII.] view of Devonshire. 271 then, it yields but little show, as Lidford does, now. The Cruses, Syden- ham?, and Kingstons held land here, and Herbert Le Maries. AfFeton, or AfFton, now the seat of a worshipful family of Stukely. It was sometime a parish of itself, and now it stands between the two Wor- lingtons, east and west. It gave name to a great progeny, whereof Tho- mas de AiFton was sheriff, 44th Edward III. Agnes, the heir of the house, brought it with a fair inheritance to Stukely. This gentleman married Halse and Coades : his father, Munk : his grandfather, St. Leger. Westcot : wherein hved a tribe of the name ; as also Northcot : now with the rest belonging to Stukely. Of this family was Thomas Stukely, called commonly the lusty Stukely ; whose spirit was of so high a strain that it villified subjection (though in the highest and chiefest degree,) as contemptible, aiming (as high as the moon,) at no less than sovereignty. This man, though a younger brother, yet by rich matches got so good an estate as might have qualified a mode- rate mind to have lived bountifully and in great esteem, equal to the chief of his house, which were of knightly rank ; but his profluous prodigality soon wasted it ; yet then, not anyway dejected in mind, he projected to people Florida, and there in those remote countries to play rex : having this proverb often in his discourse, " I had rather be king of a mole-hill than subject to a mountain:" verifying Aristotle's observation, — "cupidita- tis natura infinita;" — man's desire is of infinite nature: and as Seneca saith, " Avidis, avidis natura parum est." To such as are ambitious and so greedy, All nature's self doth seem to be too needy. And it was a common report, spoken by divers worthy credit, that Queen Ehzabeth, in the height of his intended project, demanded him pleasantly whether he would remember her w^hen he was settled in his kingdom.'' yes, saith he, and write unto you also. "And what style wilt thou use?" said her majesty. He presently answered, " To my loving sister, as one prince writes to another." But as the gi-eat spirits of Ajax and Chares cast them suddenly into a madness; so he, unable, either by delays or disabilities, to proceed to the attainment of his pui-pose, (as appeareth by a ditty made by him, or of him, wliich saith, — 272 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK IV. " Have over the waters to Florida, In Plymouth town, in a thread-bare gown, Farewell good London now ; And money never a deal : Through long delays on land and seas, Hay! trixi trim ! go trixi trim ! I'm brought, I cannot tell how. And will not a wallet do well ?") he ran a far more dangerous course and disloyal ; for passing to Rome he became the pope's pensioner, who employing him with a band of some 300 or 400 Italians to assist certain rebels in Ireland, and to fill the sails of his ambition with a full wind of his desire, intitled him a marquess, a mighty and powerful provocation to such a nature, to vindicate any enterprise whatsoever : and bankrupt as well of faith as wealth, he proceeded. But God not approving his cause, dashed it ; yet gave him the fortune to die honourably : for he chanced to put into Lisbon at the very instant that Don Sebastian, King of Portugal, was preparing his voyage for Barbar}', (to as- sist Mules Mahomet Xarifa, expelled his country by his uncle, Muly Abdel- melech Maluco, 1578,) whose fleet then was at that place; and -ndthout any great difficulty he was persuaded by royal promises to serve, (or rather, according to his own speech and letters,) to assist the king in this action : wherein he failed nothing to perform the part both of a skilful leader and valiant soldier ; and, as it was vulgarly reported, had the council of war approved, and the king followed his advice, and forborne the fight for that day, the victoiy had been clearly his : but otherwise persuaded by his un • experienced nobles, young and full of courage, who also taxed Stukely of cowardice for giving procrastinating counsel; to whom he replied, "Out of your unexperience and ignorance in the stratagems of war you deem me a coward ; yet this advice would prove safe and victorious, and your great haste be your overthrow, yet proceed, and when you come to action, you will look after me, and shall apparently see that Englishmen are no cow- ards." AU which he verified in his proceedings, and died nobly. And so Alcacarquibar, called commonly Alcazar, was made famous 4th August, 1578, for three kings in re and one in spe there slain that day. Shall we consider this man's actions, and inform ourselves by his exam- ple ? Surely much sufficiency and many good parts were in this man ; yet by the serious view of his proceedings is expressed unto us, that though many in the understanding of the world are accounted valiant, wise, learn- ed, and worthily minded, yet if their projects proceed (not from a good re- ligious honest purpose aiming at virtue, but) from the windy swollen bub- Chap. VIII.] view of Devonshire. 273 bles of a proud heart, let them be assured such will be like untimely fruit, carrying only with them for a moment a short wonder and sudden flash : for there is a long distance and difference between worldly plausible eflPects, and where the finger of God works ; as permanency in the last, and nothing but apparition in the other, no sooner seen but dissolved, without any me- mory that such one was. We pass with our river to Cheldon, alias Celedon, which Herbert de Maries, and now Stukely holds. Estcheldon, a hamlet therein. South- combe, May, and now ChafFe possesseth. And Chawley, or Chalveley, Baldwin, the Baron of Okehampton, had it, and Courtenay, Bilchester, and Langford ; now Stukely : where we may perceive by the ruins, that a castle was there sometime seated, but by whom or in what age we find nothing. CHAPTER VIII. Of Chulmleigh, and the Countess of Devon saving seven little Children that were carrying to be drowned. And now we are happily come, being Friday, to the market at Chulm- leigh, briefly Chymley, where we may chance to meet good company. This was the land of Bomeleston, and after the Earl of Richmond had the manor and the Earl of Devon the borough. Of one of their noble ladies (which should be the Countess of Devon, for never can I find an Earl of Richmond inhabiting here,) is left unto us this tale, (commonly spoken and constantly beheved,) — a poor labouring man, inhabiting this town, had many children, and thinking himself over-burdened by such a multiplied blessing of God in that kind, intended, by a pohtic natural course, to avoid all such future charge, and therefore absented himself from his wife and home seven years ; at the end whereof he returned, and accompanying with his wife as formerly, she (see the vanity of man's natural wisdom to prevent God's purpose,) conceived, and in due course of time was well delivered of a very fruitful birth, viz, seven sons; which being so secretly kept as but known 274 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. to himself and his wife, he, despau-Jng of Divine Providence (wliich never deceiveth them that depend thereon, but giveth meat to every mouth and filleth with his blessing every hving thing,) resolveth to let them swim in our river, and to that purpose puts them all into a large basket and takes his way towards the river. And here again, — aspice opera Dei et admirare, he is here prevented again. The countess having been some where abroad to take the air, or doing rather some pious work, meets him with his basket, and by some, no doubt, Divine Inspiration, demands what he carried in his basket. The silly man, stricken dead well near with that question, answered they were whelps. " Let me see them," quoth the lady. " They are pup- pies," replied he again, " not worth the rearing." " I will see," quoth the good countess ; and the leather he was to show them, the more earnest was she to see them : which he percei\ang, fell on his knees and discovered his purpose, with all former circumstances : which understood, she hasteth home with them, provides nurses and all things else necessar}'. They all hve, are bred in learning, and being come to man's estate gives each a prebend in this parish. Which I think are vanished not to be seen, but the seven crosses near Tiverton, set up by this occasion, keeps it yet in memory, unless they are appropriated to the free-school there erected. The fruitful birth with the whole history, will, perchance, be thought strange; yet if you will be pleased to hear the history of the beginning of the noble race of Welfes, (much alike to this, but far stranger,) registered by Camerarius, counsellor to the free state of Noremberg, you wiU make no wonder of it. — " Irmentrudes, (saith he,) wife of Isenbard, Earl of Al- torfe, accused a woman of adultery for bringing forth three children at a birth ; adding withall that she was worthy to be sown in a sack and thrown into the sea, and urged it very earnestly. It chanced in the year following that she herself conceived, and in the absence of her husband was delivered of twelve male children at one birth, (though very little.) But she fearing the imputation and scandal she had formerly laid on the poor woman, and the law of like for like, caused her most trusty woman to make choice of one to be tendered to the father, and to drown all the residue in a neigh- bouring river. It fell out that the Earl Isenbard returning home met this woman, demanding her whither she went with her pail ? who answered, 'to drown a few baggage whelps in the river.' The earl would see them ; and notwithstanding the woman's resistance did so, and discovering the Chap. VIIL] view of devonshike. 275 children, pressed her to tell the matter, which she also did ; and he caused them all to be secretly nursed; and grown great, were brought home unto him, which he placed in an open hall with the son whom his wife had brought up, and soon known to be brethren by their likelihood in every respect. The countess confessed the whole matter, (moved with the sting of conscience,) and was forgiven. In remembrance whereof the illustrious race of the Welfes (whelps,) got that name, and ever since hath kept it." Mary, the Countess of Henneberg, daughter of Florent, Earl of Holland, and of Maud his wife, daughter of the Duke of Brabant, 1314, was dehver- ed, at one birth, (upon the like occasion,) of 365 children. This history is verified by chronicle and epitaph in the monastery of Lodun, by the Hague in Holland ; which being much spoken of I will forbear to exemplify, lest I be thought as fruitful of tales as these women of children. The barton of Coleton was sometime the land of Roger Cole, by the heir of which house it came to Beny of Berry, in Lapford. He married Stuke- ly: his father, Mountjoy: and his son, Arscott. At Cadibir, alias Cadbury, was seated a family of the name; now Mol- ford ; if not divided among the coheirs. In this borough was also some- time an ancient family of Borage; of which denomination is a great wood near this place. Now I thought I might have left Chulmleigh, but 1 am staid at Stone- Castle. Asserius speaking of the overthrow of Hubba the Dane, who had so horribly vexed our country, says it was at Kenwith- Castle, and the place after was called Hubble- Stow, or Hubbes- Stone. We shall seek this place at Henna, or Hennaborow, in Northam, and at Instow; and what we shall find there we wiU impart to you. Some would have Hubble- Stone to be this castle, (now by the ruins a heap of stones,) for site, strong on every side but east ; so was this : and as it hath lost its strength and beauty, so it hath lost (if it be the same,) the two first syllables of its name. 276 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. CHAPTER IX. Of Rings- Ash, with the original and course of the River Mole. We are at length gotten free of this good borough, and are to visit Rings- Ash, or Esse-Regny, compounded of two names, Esse the ancient possessor, and Regny succeeded by one of the coheirs : they were two great families ; and the last the greater in birth, and estate by the first. After it came to Stukely, then Mallet, and now Akeland. This parish having three tithings, had therewith three chapels of ease. The first came by the heir of Sir William Broughton to Howard, and from him to Paulet of Winchester. Hanckford was possessed by WilUam of the same denomination ; and from him to PoUard and Harris. Ryddlecombe, Gosceline de Ryddlecomb held at the conquest ; afterwards Sir Richard de Lumine, then Beaumont ; next Basset, and after Carew. I find there was here a fair anciently, but we see none here now. Mr. Doctor Anthony Short will inform us what there is in the church, and save us the labour to go so far. There is only one escutcheon of arms, — per fess indented arg. and gul., which they say was the coat of Si- mon Silvester, the Saxon, at the conquest. Here you may expect the sight of a combat ; for here comes Mole, which seeing the sun first in Exmoor, so having one parent with Exe, hopeth of equal fortune with his brother, to grow large and famous, and to suppress the name and dignity of all rivers he meets with ; and so he does for a while, and is now come to encounter Taw, and strive for superiority. They are mere strangers one to the other, as coming out of divers chmates ; our river out of the south, and this from the north, at least miles distant. Mole is much encouraged after he has passed Twitchin (a chapel of ease,) to North-Molton, to whom he gives name ; and was sometime taken for a hundred of itself; now it is under his younger brother, South-Molton, who hath gotten the better state and is incorporated. In this parish, written anciently North-Molton, was the seat of the Lord St. Maure, whose heirs entitled it to the Lord Zouch and Bampfield ; now, by purchase, all Bamp- field's. Here is also the lineage of Parker, who married Seymour : his father, the heir of Mayhow : his grandfather, Smith. Chap. IX,] view op Devonshire. 277 In the church I found a few armories of what there had sometimes been. — Gul. ten bezants 4. 3. 2. 1. — Zouch. Arg. two chevrons a file of three azure. — St. Maur. Gul. a sword and key in saltire, arg. cross and pomel or. — Church OF ExETEE impaled with Bishop Oldam's, sab. a chev. or between three owls arg. on a chief of the 2nd, three roses gul. Azure semi-fleur-de-lis, a lion ramp, arg. — Holland. Vert a cross arg. in the 1st the image of the blessed Virgin with her Son in her arms. — King Arthur. Or on a bend gul. three mullets arg. — Bampfield, with his 28 quarterings. Gul. on a chev. or, three eaglets dis- played sab.—— Gul. three boars' heads couped in bend or. Azure three eaglets displayed in bend between two cotizes arg. and six crosses crossed of the 2nd. South-Molton hath gotten the preeminence of his elder brother, is a bo- rough and hath a Saturday's market, and two fairs, the Saturday after Bar- nabas'-day and the Saturday after the Feast of the Assumption of the blessed Virgin. It is caput hundredi, which contains — parishes. For this I find WiUihelmus filius Martini tenet villam de South-Molton (quae est caput hundredi) de Gilberto de Clare, per serjentiam inveniendi unum ho- minem cum arcu et tribus sagittis quando predictus Gilbertus fugare volu- erit in Gower, &c. It is incorporated; their charter bears date 32nd Elizabeth, to a mayor and justice, and two capital burgesses and aldermen; the whole number besides the mayor is eighteen. As the burgesses bought the borough, so Hatch bought the hundred : his seat is at Aller; where one of that name had ha- bitation and denomination, Sir John Aller de Aller, knight, tempore Edward I., by whose heir it came to Hatch; of which name there is also a fair demes- ne in the parish also; which by the heir of Mordack de la Hatch and Wolley came to Mallet, and so to Acland. Of this name Eustace de la Hatch (in the time of Edward I.) was summoned among the peers to a parliament. This married Mallet : his father, Chichester : his grandfather, . Here is Clotworthy of Clotworthy, with whom we have spoken elsewhere. Kingsland, the seat of Horwood, who came from a seat of that name in Somersetshire. Upon the death of the heir male it came, by descent, to Stephens. High-bray, divided between Molford and Le Squier, now Squire, who lives at the town-house. Black- Pool, Sir Matthew Fitz John, or one of his predecessors, at least Fitz John held it. He was sheriff of this shire 21st Edward I., and in the 25th year called to the parliament. After him, Walter Gambon ; now di- 2n 278 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. vided among divers. Frencheston Tything, given, by the Courtenays of Molland, to a younger son of the house. East Bray, the land of Fillegh and Fortescue. Let us visit the fau- church, whose many armories I do for- get ; but the epitaphs are these : — On the monument of Arthur Hatch, esquire, — " Earth and heaven did contend Though public place he still withstood. For their title to one friend ; Yet sure he was a public good ; God then seeing their debate, None ever knew him but, what I Came 'twixt them to arbitrate ; Confess, affirm with weeping eye. And to the earth his body gave, Yet Death not moved beneath this hearse His soul to heaven Christ's bliss to have. Laid the subject of my verse." The next is on Gabriel Webber, second mayor of the town : — " Under this floor, a putrid bone, I was the same that thou anon, Doth Gabriel Webber lie; Thou art the same that I. Secundus hujus oppidi consulatum accepit, primus integrum gessit. To T8
^ " From Cornwall, the first shore in this shire (saith he,) that stretcheth out itself is length toward the Severn sea, is by Ptolomy, called the Promon- tory of Hercules ; and retaineth yet some little smack of the name, being at this day called Herty-Point, and hath in it two pretty towns, Herton and Hartland ; famous in elder times for the rehcs of your holy man St. Nec- tan, in honour of whom was here erected a httle monastezy by Githa, wife to Earl Goodwine, who had this saint in especial reverence, for that she was persuaded that for his merits her husband had escaped the danger of a most violent and dangerous tempest : howbeit, afterwards, the Dinants, now Dinhams, that came out of Brittany in France, (whose demesne in fee it was,) were accounted founders thereof. At the surrender it was valued at £306. 3s. 2|d. and given, by King Henry VIII., to Mr, Abbot, ser- 312 VIEW OK DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK IV. geant of his cellar; by the coheir of which family it is now come to Lutterell." The name of this promontory hath given credit to a very formal tale, that Hercules (forsooth) came hither into Britain, and here vanquished I wot not what giants. But if it be true that mythologers (or expounders of moral tales) tell us and affirm, that there was never any Hercules, but that by him the power of human wisdom and virtue is understood, whereby we overcome pride, lust, envy, theft, and other such like monsters ; or if, according to the divinity of the Gentiles, by Hercules they intend the sun, and by those twelve labours endured and performed by Hercules the twelve signs in the zodiac which the sun in his yearly course passeth through : what it is they say, let them look unto it themselves : but for my own part I willingly believe there was a Hercvdes ; nay, I could be content to grant with Varro, that there were of them forty-three, all whoss acts were as- cribed to that Hercules who was the son of Alcmena : yet can I not be per- suaded that ever a Hercules came hither, unless happily he came hither saihng over the ocean in that cup that god Nereus gave him whereof Athe- nseus maketh mention. But you will say that Franciscus Philelphus in his epistles, and Lillius Giraldus in his Hercules, aver no less. I pray you pardon me : these late writers may well move me, but not remove me, considering that Diodofvis Siculus, who went on with the Greekish history in order, even from the most remote and first records of all antiquity, in plain terms affirmeth, that neither Hercules nor father Bacchus went ever into Britain. I am therefore verily persuaded that the name of Hercules came to this place either through the vanity of the Greeks, or from the superstitious religion of the Britons : for as they being most warlike nations themselves, so had they valiant men in marvellous estimation and admiration, and highly wondered at such as vanquished monsters. So the Greeks again, whatso- ever was any where stately or magnificent, that they referred to the glory of Hercules ; and because he had been a great traveller, such as travelled were wont to ofiler sacrifices to him, and to him did likewise consecrate the places of their arrivals. Hereof came Hercules- Rock in Campania, Hercu- les- Aven in Liguria, Hercules- Grove in Germany; hence, likewise, Hercu- les Promontories in Mauritania, Galicia, and here in Britain. Well! what Hercules soever he were, we are now escaped his fingers and out of the reach of his club. This parish giveth name to a hundred, which, with this, hath but only Chap. XX.] view of Devonshire. 313 five. William Bereford had the honour thereof 24th Edward II., for that John, the son of Joceus Dinham, was in minority under his tuition. Here Oliver Dinham gave to Osbert, the son of Richard, two farthings of land in Gorwine, many ages since, and now in possession of Prust. Giffard had lands here very anciently of his name. Here is a pretty town named Herton, which hath a Saturday's market and a fair Easter- Wednesday. The heirs of Abbot were Lutterel, Risdon, and Lower. In the church is a memory of Thomas Docton, esq., who had good pos- sessions here. And on Ann, the wife of William Abbot, this, — " This I ordained in my lifetime, To entertain both me and mine." Here, at the next place, you shall have good entertainment, at least a welcome : not for that it is a place of any great regard or estimation, but oftener spoken of than London ; for it is iterated and reiterated in every man's mouth, in use for fashion, for custom, for love, for compliment, yea ! and for gain : it is welcome : which vintners, tapsters, and hostlers have so often in their mouths : it is a parish named Welcome. Here Merton possessed land, and Stowel ; but now ArundeU and Risdon can best give you welcome. Passing Herty-Point, Clovelly mounted upon high chffs shows itself, / where there is some appearance of banks cast up called Clovelly-Dikes, but for what use I cannot conjecture. There is a very steep cliff, but by indent- ings made easy to be ascended, and the harbour made more safe than for- merly by the erecting of a pile or pier, at the cost of WiUiam Gary, esq., who now possesseth it from the generous family of Bozum : the daughter and heir of which house was married to Sir WiUiam Gary, knight. In the church there are some monuments of them. It was anciently held by John de Santon, and after by Faulkroy, whose heir was also married to Car}'. And now I am in a place of the residence of one of the honourable race of Garys, to which tribe wisdom is said to be hereditary, I will speak some- what concerning the distinction of the names of Gary and Garew, in that some do imagine there are divers names near in sound, as Care, Gary, Ca- roe, and Garew, when in truth there are but these two honourable families of Garew and Gary; the other two but by vulgar pronunciation lately grown J- 314 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. f BoOK IV. up ; and to distinguish these two I shall need only to repeat a pretty facete apothegm of a fair young gentlewoman of the Carews, married to Gary. The day after her maiTiage, her father, a very discreet gentleman, seeing her to get somewhat sadly, awaked her with this question, " How now, daugh- ter ! what sad the second day?" to which she no less wittily than pleasantly and presently replied, " I have good reason, father, for yesterday it was care you, and to day it is care I;" alluding to the names of Carew and Gary. This gentleman married Garew and Gorge: his father, the heir of Strechley, the relict of Ghudley and Russell : his grandfather, Milliton. Wolsworthy, or Wolfardesworthy, John de Sandton and afterward Fulford and Hantisford held. Other land here was owned by St. Leoger, and now by Risdon, Le Worth was lord of a place of the same name, which by the heir of the tribe came to Boteler, and so by Ghantrel to Docton. In this church is a remembrance of Richard Gole, esq., who gave 10£ to remain in perpetuity for the better maintenance of the poor; and built here also a cob or pier for the use of the fishermen and other ships that should arrive here at Bucks. Allington, Alwington, Alwinton, and in Domesday Book Hanitine, (for by all these names it is written,) was possessed by David de la Bear. Port- ledge therein was held by one of the name ; by the heu- of which race it came to the ancient and dignous family of Coffin, which in former times were of great estate; for in the time of Richard I. I find Sir Hugo Coffin de Combe-Coffin ; m Henry III.'s reign. Sir Geofiry Coflfin of the same place : several other places retain yet the name, as Coffin in Gountesbury, William Coffin of Coffins- Will : and as I remember, WiUiam Coffin was master of the horse to Queen Anne Boleyn, 24th Henry VIII. The last married Harding : his father, : his grandsire, . Yeo, in this parish, was the inheritance of Gifiard; whose heir was married first to Berry, and secondly to Gary. At which house, in a private chapel, he was buried under a monument with this inscription, yet to be seen, one of the name : — " Orate pro anima Willielmi Gifford, Armigeri, qui obiit l2mo die Decembris, A. D. 1400: cujus animae propitietur Deus. Amen." Tradition delivers, for as yet I have no better warrant for it, that this man was one of the justices of the King's Bench. Chap. XXL] view of dkvonshire. 3^15 CHAPTER XXI. Of the progress of the River Torridge, and the most eminent places near its first original, as Putford, and the Hundred of Shebbear. We have now time to speak of the river whose original we intended to seek for, and found it near Welcomb, a chapel sometime of ease to Hart- land, but in its infancy took Uttle notice of it : now being grown to some strength," it takes on it to separate two parishes of one denomination yet known by a several adjunct, Putsfords, alias Poteford, and Cherj-putford, and Potteworth. John de Morton had land here, and after Fulford, as also a generous race of the Carys. Lately Sir Nicholas Prideaux purchased lands here and was pleased to make it his habitation ; by whose worthy carriage and sincerity all the neighbour country had much happiness. He married first Henscot's heu% secondly the hke of the coheir of Viel, tliirdly the coheir of Castle : his son, Fortescue. Bradworthy, or Braworth, where Martin held lands, et heredes Martini, and Roger Langford ; and Selworthy was in possession of the Earls of Darby. Thewborow, alias To Burrow, was the inheritance of Esse, that ancient family. Ingret, the daughter of Sir Alan, brought it to John GifFard ; and Alice, one of the coheirs of Stephen Gifford, made it the inheritance of William Prideaux, descended of the long rank of knights of that name in Orcharton. This married Gorges: his father the heir of Lampen : his grandsire, Arundell of Trerice. Then it passeth between Bulkworthy, sometime the lands of a potent fa- mily long since almost forgotten : Sir Robert de Bulkworthy in the time of Richard L; after of Sir Robert de Stockhay, whose heir was Martin ; after Hankford, who (as it appeareth by a window) built a chapel here. And Beckington, called from its lord the Abbot of Hartland, Abbots. Arscot bought it of the crown, and his heir alienated it to Rolle. Next it passeth by Newton, graced with the addition of holy Irish St. Petrock. The monks of Bodmin, in elder times, held land here ; now Pri- deaux, Dean, and Povntz. We are come with the river to 316 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. Shebbear, (She Arsbere, or Shepesbery,) of which a hundred hath name whiclTcommands twenty-four parishes. The honour Edward II. kept in his royal hands, but Richard II. gave it to Thomas Holland, Duke of Sur- rey, his nephew. Ralph Nevil, first Earl of Westmorland, had land in this parish ; and John Alnethot held lands here in sergeancy to hold the king's stirrup when he came to the manor of Shebbear. Here is the mo- nument of some lady, with her picture cut in alabaster, without inscription ; but tradition delivers that it was the Lady Prendergest of Ladford. In our way is Milton, whose lord's name is written behind in his back, Damerel ; and from that name it came to the Courtenays. Prodham owTied Whytbear ; and from him Dean. Alexander de Hermandeston possessed lands in Wonford; which from Gary came to Dennis of Orley. This parish is hemmed in between this river and another that walmeth forth at or near Bradworthy, and cometh to Sutcomb, or Suttecombe, where Henry de Merton had inheritance, which by the ge- neral heir devolved to StoweU. Attvirworthy from Boteler Earl of Wor- mond came to St. Leoger. Thewbrow from Esse to GifFard and Prideaux. By Thornbury, which in the Saxons' time Alcherd held ; after a tribe took name of the place : whose heir gave it, with herself in marriage, to the Cornews, In the time of King John I find Sir Roger Cornutus de Thorn- bury; and by an heir of this race Speccot of Speccot enjoyeth it to this day; which ancient and worthy family took this name of their seat Speccot, but their descent from Robert Fitz-Bernard ; unto whose government King Henry II. committed the trust of Waterford, called in their speech Port- Large, when he invaded the kingdom of Ireland. He married first Edg- comb, secondly Mohun, thirdly Tross ; but his father, Walter ; and his son. Mallet ; whose daughter brought it to her husband, John Tanner of Cornwall, esq., whose son's now it is. At Cokeberry we receive a good augmentation of a riveret made lately of two rUls, one arising here in the land that St. Leoger sometime held, now Speccot : the other at Bradford, or de Vado Lato, of a large passage through our river Tor- / ridge. Gifi'ard was seized of lands here. Donnesland, or Dunsland, gave name to a progeny, by whose heir Cadiho had it ; by the mheritance of that race, Thomasin, it descended to Daubernon, or de Albernoun. There is no long continuance of one tribe in one place, for Elizabeth, the only offspring Chap. XXII.] view of Devonshire. 317 of that tribe, enriched Battin therewith ; and his daughter and heir Arscot of Arscot ; whose daughter and heir brought it to her husband Bick- ford of ; whose son, Arscot Bickford, esq., left it lately to his son by Prideaux. It continued longer in the name of Arscot than in any of the former names. He married Yeo: his father, Munck: his grandfather. Hatch. Hengescot had lords also of the same denomination until the two heirs imparted it between Prideaux and Pointingdon. On a stone inlaid in brass is the form of a man armed cap-a-pee, with this inscription, — " Pray for the soul of John Hengescot, esquire, who deceased the 30th Jan- uary, A. D. 1500: on whose soul Jesus have mercy." On another inlaid also in brass, — "Hicjacet Johannes Daubernoun de Dunslaud, qui obiit 5to. die Aprilis, A. D. 1432: cujus animae propitietur Deus." CHAPTER XXII. Of the Hundred of Black-Torrington and places adjoining. Now Torridge grown to strength and therewith (as the heirs of Adam having gotten wealth,) waxeth proud, and takes on him to give names to places as (where we are now come,) 'Black-Torridge-Town, briefly Black- Torrington : his forename of the soil of the river : and this parish again gives name to a hundred which musters thirty-five parishes. The honour of the same was held by Wamford ; which was committed, in the minority of his son, to Emericus de Stipite Sicco, alias Zouch : for of one of that name, Archbishop of York, was this distinction made, — " Est pater inviclus sicco de stipite dictus." With him to strive it is no boot, That takes his name of the dry root. He gave this land to a natural son, whom he called Emericus Fitzwarren ; 2s 318 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. by whose heir it came to Davils of Badestone, and by the Uke from him to Harris. For Walterus fihus, Warini Domini de Ponte, dedit Benedicto de Beard unum tenementum in villa de Black-Torrington, hiis testibus Thoma de Wamford, WiUielmo de Stapledon, Waltero Pollard, Henrico de la WoUey, Helion de Amile, tunc Bidello. Here, or near it, is Giddicot, which Ralph de Tyrigg held ; after Sir Walter Dennis, knight : of whom was Dennis of Holcomb and Bicton, Rodulph de Trevago. High-Heanton is next in om- way, possessed by John de Merton ; also HoUaway of Hollo way enjoyed lands here, which by his daughter came to Gary. Baverdon, ahas Burydon, now Bourden, hath here a fair demesne of his name and is very ancient. Now let us look toward the east side to find somewhat there worth our labour. We see first Buckland, surnamed Fillegh, of his old lord ; from whom, by Densil's heirTTT caifig to Fortescue. Here is Upcot; awhile since possessed by one of the same name. Sheepwash, which the Norman Conqueror gave to Aunel, or Avenel, in- terpreted Comely, together with Chilton and Black-pool, where he seated himself; after Baa; now Thorn: anciently de Spineto, as Walterus de Spi- neto, 24th Edward I. This gentleman married RoUe, in whom is Uke to end the elder race of that ancient generous tribe : his father, Fortescue : his grandsire, Chamond. Near this place is Loveis, a generous familv seated. Here our river entertains kindly a brook, or riveret, called Meer, which nameth Meerland, in which there is a circuit of lean hungry land, lying flat and level, much differing from any adjoining, which at times overfloweth with waters, as if nature delighted to show her various powers meant here to make a sea ; hence comes this riveret, being many lakes lodged in one channel ; yet hath it yet somewhat more strange and worthy of our obser- vation, that out of certain pits, like ox steps, these springs ebb and flow as, and with, the sea, and hath therewith the smeU and saltness thereof, (though far remoted, the nearest at least twelve miles,) the mud thereof is like a slimy ouze, and such rushes grow there as in the salt marshes, much haunted with all sorts of fowl ; and trial being made did yield salt, not unhke to those pits at Wich in Lancashire, so admirably strange to man's reason. This belonged to the priory of Frithelstoke. (Cornworthy. — G. O., — P. J.) Chap. XXII.] view of Devonshire. 319 Also it nameth Merton, which gave denomination to a dignous tribe, Sir Thomas Merton, knight, Edward I.; thence it descended to the Stowels by the heir of that house. Richard de Speccot held lands of his name here in the time of King John, and Sir Richard de Speccot under Henry III., and Sir John now. A generous family of the Davils inhabited this parish, whose heir brought the estate to Harris ; of which race I may not forget Captain Henry Davils, a man of great valour, wisdom, and honesty; all which good qualities he often showed in the Desmonds' wars in Ireland, whereby the traitorous deal- ings of Sir John of Desmond, brother to the earl, he was most inhumanly and traitorously murdered in the reign of Queen EUzabeth. On a high ridge stands Potheridge, almost insulated by our river; of which place and owner I find this recorded in a worthy author : " It is the man- sion house of the family surnamed Munk, ( by dispensation to continue his house,) returned to temporal, for that one of them happily was a professed monk ; anciently Le Moyne ;) as that noble house in France, surnamed Archivesque, (i. e. archbishop,) took that name to continue the memoiy that one of then- progenitors, of an archbishop returned ( by dispensation) to be a temporal man. Certainly, whencesoever the name came, it is ancient, and they have been worshipfully matched ; and not long since the^ great grandfather with Fran- ces, second daughter and coheir of Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle, na- tural son to King Edward IV.: (the rehct of John Basset of Heanton, esq.:) Anthony with Arscot ; Sir Thomas with Smith ; Thomas, that now is, with Gould. Prince adds, George, his second brother, late Duke of Albemarle, with Elizabeth, sister to Sir Thomas Clarges of London, knight ; Chris- topher, his only son, late Duke of Albemarle, with the daughter of Caven- dish, Duke of Newcastle; sans issue. The name expired about the year of our Lord 1688: and Potheridge is now in Granvile, Earl of Bath; who gave it to his second son, John, Lord Granvile, created a baron 1703, I found also somewhere that William le Moyn, one of tliis family, in the time of King John, held a manor, in grand- serjeancy to be clerk of the king's kitchen, at the coronation. It might be the manor of Wenlesworth, for WiUiam le Moyne had it under Edwai-d II., and it was noted thus, — " Sed omnes tenentes sunt stagnatores ; et ideo non est in subjectione vice- comitis." / / 320 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. / We are now in sight of Hatherleigh, which hath a market every Friday well frequented, and two fairsTone on the 24th August, the other on the Feast of St. Simon and Jude. It anciently belonged to the Abbey of Ta- vistock, as is to be seen by a deed wherein the abbot and convent grant a waste, called the Moor, ( lying on the north and east side of a brook falling into the town,) to the poor inhabitants of the borough ; and some other part to Walter Medland and his heirs. Le Worth was lord of lands of the same denomination ; whose coheirs brought it to Monk and Boteler as before. The brook that falls into our river is made of two springs, the one rising at Ashberry, ahas Essebury. (Sedes inter fraxinos.) Adam Crodinet held it in the time of Edward II., after Fulford; now there is seated a generous tribe of Walters, who having removed himself out of Warwickshire, flour- isheth here as in his own soU, much more fuU of sap. The other spring walmeth forth the earth at Inwardleigh, alias Ingerley, where Elias Coffin had a fair house and park near adjoining to the church ; but he dying issueless, and the land divided, the park is changed to a more profitable use and the house ruinated. Here Crodinet had also land ; which coming from him to Norleigh, hath been enjoyed by that name these 300 years ; and his neighbour Bysset the like of the farm of Westcote, whiqh he had from one of that name. Also It passeth Jacobstow, James his place, anciently Jacobscherh. Here is Bromeford, sometime the inheritance of one of that denomination, and so continued divers descents ; and by his heir it came to Prideaux of Adeston ; by his to Stretchlegh; and by his to Chudlegh. Next it passeth I Echeborne, Ikysbom, now Exbom. Our ancestors had, in the imposi- |f tion of names to places, great respect always to waters and rivers, as here. I Here inhabiteth a good family of Sneddal ; and here Meohs had land ; and * now Upton. Chap XXIII.] view of Devonshire. 321 CHAPTER XXIII. Of the progress of the River Okement, and of Okehampton. ToRKiDGE vfith so many nurses and subsidiaries looks big, swelling in a more large and far deeper channel, and with an earnest desire hasteth with a swifter current to meet Okement, whose association he much desireth to warm his cold sides, coming from a southerly ahd~lherefore more warm ch- mate and fatter soil; but is much mistaken; for Okement hasteth with Uke speed to clear himself out of the coarse barren soil of Dartmoor, and by many ambages seeks oh each side a more fruitful and pleasant glebe to fleet in; for EFrtmneth a long course ere he pass through any place worthy note or observation. Sourton, aUas Sowerton, was first held by the bishop of this diocese by that ^riame~anHe conquest ; first a chapel of ease to Bridestow. It is a lean land, even under Dartmoor hills ; yet here in former times was seated a very worthy family, Talbot of Talbots-Week. William was escheator m the time of Henry V., and Sir William sheriff in the 6th of the same Henry. The Courtenays, WilUam le Speke, Stoford, had, and now Wise hath, lands here. It is a good summer place for the natives, though perchance it will not be pleasing to some tender and nice constitutions in the winter. Okement, that might seem to take name of oak groves, though there are none now to be seen, but all vanished, desirous to perpetuate his name hast- eth speedily to Okehampton, and meeteth at the town's end one of his brethren, ( both commg of one parent, Dartmoor,) and these two rivers half insulate part of the town ; which part is privileged above the rest of the town and is custom free from all toUs and taxes in aU markets and fairs. And here being an ancient borough, a market town, ( kept Saturdays,) and a fair on the Feast of St. James : and especially honoured with the title of a barony with the first of this kingdom, for the Conqueror gave it to Baldwin de Sap, Viscoimt of Devon, with the castle ; but sufficiently hath been spoken thereof in the descents of the Earls of Devon ; to whose blood, by the female line, it is now returned with the same honour and title ; and John Mohun, son and 322 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. heir to Sir Reginald Mohun (whose grandfather, William, married Isabella, third sister and coheir to WiUiam Courtenay, seventeenth Earl of Devon ;) is created, by our dread Sovereign, King Charles, Baron of Okehampton. It is a very large parish and hath sundry manors and hamlets within it. The tribe of Alford, of good respect, had a manor here ; and in the time of Richard II. Risdon had the like ; from whom is Risdon of Bablegh, who yet enjoyeth it. Kadickbere, Eckebere, or Kegbear, was once the inheritance of Little Weeke ; as may be gathered by an inscription on a plain stone in the church ; and after of Deutoke, or Devioke ; but many descents of the ho- nourable race of Gary; of which name Lancelot Gary, esq., gave a bounti- ful gift, the sum of 60£, for to continue in stock, to be employed for the better education of poor children in trades and occupations ; the remem- brance whereof is more delightful than the inscription on his tomb. On a flat stone inlaid with brass, — " Hie jacet Robertas Tuker de Okehampton, qui obiit lOmo. die Octobris, anno 1439, et Margarita, uxor ejus: quorum animabus propitietur Deus. Amen." In the south wall is a monument of Thomasin Godolphin, wife of Thomas Peter, gent., with her picture in brass, and three children, with this epitaph, " She was to God and husband true, A mirror for all wives to view ; The poor, the lame, sick, and needy, She did relieve most liberally. She lived so good and godly a life As never wronged man, maid, nor wife ; And made so good and godly an end As none the same in earth may mend." But I may not forget to tell you that I understand it is lately incorporated and graced with a mayor. Here dwelled sometime divers other families besides those formerly named, as Alford, Furse, Peter, and some others. Anthony, alias Peters. Our river in the way leaves the little parish of Honey-Ghurch, in elder times Honecheave. It gave name to an ancient generous tribe, now plant- ed in a more fruitful glebe. Heydon and Risdon possess lands here. Monk-Okehampton takes nomination both from the river and his lords. Chap. XXIIL] view of Devonshire. 323 the Monks ; for it served as a grange to the monastery of Tavistock many ages since. Robert de la Mare, or Maries, (for that was a powerful tribe in these parts,) held lands, and after him Saul, or Sail, of Woodbarton ; whose heirs, by marriage rite, brought it to the two families of Berry and Pine. And the tenants observe that it was found upon a court-roll, in the time of Edward IV., that a fat cow happening to the lord for a heriot, was priced but at six shilhngs, and the farm then let at justment for £4. 13s., now httle less worth than a 100£, whereby we may suppose that in those days there was either great plenty of these commodities, or great want of money. Bondley. ( But in a very ancient deed, wherein William de Campel, or Campnel, gave aU his lands of Moor, with the appurtenances and liberties in this manor to Robert Bryon, it is written Bonely, as you would say good pasture or feeding.) Robert de Camlestone sometime before held it. Wliich two names may be reconciled and made one ; as in the time of Ed- ward II. WiUihelmus Campnel filius Galfridi Dominus de Hagginton. It is now possessed by Windham of Somerset. We had almost passed Belston, alias BeUescham, or Bellartan, possessed by Sir Baldwinus de Belston in the time of Richard I.; of which christian name I find three knights in descent: for I find that name from Richard I. to Edward II., whose only heir was equally matched to the knightly family of the Fulfords, who now enjoy it. Here, or my notes fail me, (then it is at Parkham,) that I found this epitaph upon Mrs. Grace Beare, — " Stone was my birth-place ; Grace, my name, Made me the child of Abraham. And here beneath another stone I make my second mansion ; From whence, because his child I was, To Abraham's glory I shall pass. Thus out of stones, unto his praise, God can to Abraham children raise." 324 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. CHAPTER XXIV. Of Iddesleigh, Winkleigh, and other places in the way to Torrington. We will swim with the stream to Ideslegh, ahas Edeslegh, by the Sax- ons Ideslege, now Iddesly, the seat of a doughty chevalier. Sir John SuUey, ahas Silly, one of the four barons of this province* that subscribed to the answer sent to Pope Boniface VIII. in the name of all the temporal lords of this kingdom assembled at the parliament held at Lincoln, February 1 2th, 1301, in answer to his letter, wherein he forbad King Edward I. to vex the Scots further by wars, because that the kingdom of Scotland was by gene- ral consent given to him. The three others were Sir William Martin, Baron of Camois; Sir Nicholas de Carew, Lord of Mewlesford; Sir Mathew Fitz- John, Lord of Stokenham. For I will not confidently set down Fulk Fitz- warren. Lord of Myttingham; and John de MoeUs, Lord of North Cadbury; both inhabitants here in that age. This Sir John SuUey descended from Sir Reynold Sulley, one of Sir Ro- bert Fitzhamon's associates, with Sir Richard Grenvile, at the conquest of Glamorgan. At this place he had a fair house and two parks. This valiant knight, in 6th Edward II., vowed himself for the holy wars of Jerusalem, where he continued long, and at length was very dangerously wounded ; and then, not able to do further service, returned ; to whom his officers came to render an account of their receipts, and brought him a great sum of money; which he beholding, caused them to cast it down on the floor, and threw himself upon it, and pleasantly said he would once tum- ble in gold ; which having done, he divided it in three parts, one whereof he gave to the poor, the second to his wife, the third to his servants, and within short time after died of his wounds. In this church there is his resemblance cut in stone, cross legged ; but he was interred with his lady in the church of Crediton, as hath been said. On a stone on Hugh Osborn are inscribed these verses, — * This answer was signed and sealed by 104 Earls and Barons, in the name of the Commonalty of England. — G. O., — P. J. Chap. XXIV.] view of Devonshire. 325 " Hoc saxo tegitur pietatis cultov, amicus Pauperibus; vitiis qui gravis hostis erat." We are now come to the Fee of Winkley, of which many liold land ; now called the Fee of Gloucester, being sometime in the possession of the Earls of Gloucester. It is a large parish but a very little hundred, being so of itself. It might sometimes vaunt of two castles, whose ruins yet show, but overgrown with tall trees : of which there is yet, by tradition, many a pretty tale remembered of dragons and fairies : but you have heard of some such elsewhere and therefore we will pass them. Tlie Tracys possessed lands here, but the fee belonged to Keyns, from whom both castle and parish had addition, and were called Keyns-Castle, and Winkley- Keyns : they were powerful in this country : and Sir Wil- liam Keyns, a stout and vaUant knight, fighting under Robert, Earl of Gloucester, in behalf of Maude, the Empress, and her son, afterward king- by the name of Henry II., took King Stephen prisoner at the battle of Lin- coln, 1140. John Keyns was sheriff of this county 4th Henry IV. An- other of them was 60£ on the subsidy-book the 14th of Henry VI. Divers of them he interred in the church : one especially noted for being donor and patron of the church. His chaplain being somewhat adverse towards him he gave the sheaf from him to the church of Exon. Wei-mond de Porto Mortuo, Champernown, Barry, and Hatch held lands here. And at Collacot long inhabited a generous family taking nomination thence, whose daughter and sole heir was married to a more dignous family of Walters ; both tribes having matched in worshipful houses, (that I go no higher,) and their only heir was mamed to Culm and Westcote ; wherein I am to claim a poor in- terest. Here at Gibhouse Norris did inhabit : Callard, a good tribe, lived here also. Next is Duyelond, now Dowland, where Henry de Nony and Walter Clavel held land; which from Nony descended to Saltern of Wear-GifFard, and since Molford possessed it. The pillars of the church are of timber, coloured ; and the north aisle (as the report) was built by a rich potter ; in remembrance whereof there are three pots set up in the window. Then Duelton, commonly Dolton, was the inheritance of the marquis of Exeter ; upon whose attainder Ameridith had it, who alienated to Smith ; who passed it to his son-in-law, Sir Thomas Monk. Here also St. Leger and Stofford had inheritance. Tliey f*ay there (which for the rarity I 2t 326 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. may not pass,) that one of the manors was customary land, and that if anv woman in her widowhood did either marry or Hve unchaste she forfeited her estate ; which to redeem, if, after conviction, she came the next court- day riding on a ram, she was admitted to her state again. Hence falls in a brook to increase our river ; and anothei- from Meeth, a little parish, the inheritance of Sir Thomas Stanton. Here also Lamprey, GifFard, and Francis held land. The chief manor now belongeth to Sir Edward Gary. Huish had lords of the name long time, by whose heir it came to Gople- ston. Sir John Golswell had land here. Leonard Yeo descended from Treyeo. The ancient house of the family bought it ; and his heirs possess it. Beaworthy, alias Beaworth, was anciently possessed by Isabel de Bloio and Gilbert de Langford ; but now by Arscot. At Beauford, (as some will of the prospect to borrow the name of the French, Belvoir, as a castle in Leicestershire upon the like cause,) de la Way, de Way, and now contracted to Davy, a generous and ancient tribe. Now will we speed to Wollegh (lying in the parish of Beauford,) with his sometime park ; (now improved to a more commodious use ;) it was long the seat of a respected family of the Hatches. Geoffery Hatch lived here in the time of Richard Cceur de Lion ; and Robert de Hatch was she- riff of this county 26th Edward III., and many more descents, until a daugh- ter and heir of Thomas Hatch gave it, with herself, to Baldwin MaUet, so- licitor to King Henry VIII.; (for so long time the line of that name con- tinued ;) and after two descents in the name of Mallet, Eleanor, the only coheir that had issue, joined it to the inheritance of Ackland in this our age, being married to Sir Arthur Ackland of Ackelond. Here falls in a river from Rougaburga, in old deeds, now Roborough. Places of this termination our ancestors esteemed, as we do forts or sconces, or as some wiU, burials or hidings ; for burials are hidings of the dead ; and so they say the old word birigh, or behorges, doth signify : such places in- deed are near hereunto. And among the Saxons every soldier was enjoined to carry his head-piece full of earth to the covering of every such as was slain, whom they laid only open on the ground, and so with the earth they brought covered them ; and the nobler the person, or how much the better beloved, so much higher was the hillock or burrow. Alexander Chap. XXV.] view of Devonshire. 327 Cloigny and Joel Pollard had land here. And Osbert Clerkeston gave lands to one surnamed Barry ; of whose two coheh-s, Elizabeth and Emma, came Wollacomb and Coll. CHAPTER XXV. Of Torrington, and therein of the potent Families of Rolle, Barry, 8^c. Now our river takes on him some courage and thereupon gives name first to a little parish, and hath that adjunct, to be known from a greater, and is called Little-Torrington. The old family of Cruse held it, and in time was severed among the female issue. Menander de la FoiTest inherited land here, and Cornue. Bagbere was possessed by match with Cantle's heir. His ancient name was de la Moor, of Moreton in Whitchurch. Woodland : which the heir of Wibbery brought, by Bonvil, to Copleston, now the Earls of Bath. At Tadiport in this parish is a hospital of St. Mary Magdalen, said to be built by Ann, daughter to Thomas Boteler, Earl of Ormond, and wife unto Sir James St. Leger, knight, which she endowed with sufficient maintenance and for a minister allowed to say divine service there in the chapel. Another Torrington is at hand, or rather with the other, Towridge-town, which, though the younger brother, hath, in wealth and many other things, got the priority of his elder, and therewith surnamed Great, yet anciently written by the name of Chepin-Torrington, as a place of buying, selling, and trade : and to that purpose it hath a weekly market much frequented, and for abundance and good victuals few markets in this country or else- where better furnished ; and hath yearly three fairs, one on the Feast of St. George, St. John Baptist, and St. Michael. It is built scattermgly, lying in length, as it were, upon the brow of a hill hanging over the river. It is now incorporated by the name of a mayor and recorder, (and inferior officers,) which are robed in scarlet : and not to forget their greatest honour, it was once caput baronisc, when the Tracys, the Brians, in the 35th Edward I. dominus Johannes de Silly in / 328 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK IV. 20th Edward III., and after him Umphravile ; yet that they were parlia- mentary bai'ons I cannot avouch, [That eminent restorer of the King and Church, George Monk, born at Potheridge, was, by King Charles II., made Earl of Torrington and Duke of Albemarle; which title expired in his son Christopher, late Duke of Albemarle. King William III. created Admiral Arthur Herbert, who conveyed him into England, where he landed at Brix- ham. Baron of Torbay and Earl of Torrington, 1689.] Some of those ancient lords out of their bounteous liberahty bestowed a large waste, now called the Commons, on the poor for their better main- tenance ; and built here a castle, the structure of Tracy : of which much good land is held in Castle- Card, though the castle itself be brought to the period of his estate, showing itself more by its ruins than anything else. Sir Wilham Umphravile, or Humfrevile, held it in the time of King John. In the church are divers very facete epitaphs, of which you shall read some. Upon John Clark and his wife : — " Two lie underneath this stone, / Rather the two halves of one. / Two they were, so like, so even Natured, statured, bred, that heaven Made them one by wedlock knot; Whom e'en death divided not." Upon Mr. Henry Greenwood, four times mayor of this town, who departed this life 26th April, 1619 ; and of Mary, his second wife, the 17th March, 1606:— " Invida Mors quamvis jungi nos amplius uno Non sinat in thalamo, non vetat in tumulo." Somewhat under in allusion to his name : — " Sylva fiii quondam viridis, nunc arida; tempus Cum viror et vires restituentur, erit." The circuit in this parish was very large, and divers men of great estate and worth settled there, and every demesne had its appropriate chapel ; yet the remotest inhabitants thought good, in a mutual pious consent, to erect another church more convenient for them, which they dedicated to the me- mory of St. Giles the hermit ; unto which structure the Hen^'ards, Durants, Pollards, and Ban-ys were chief benefactors. Chap. XXV,] view of Devonshire. 329 The barton and manor of Stephens-town, now Stenson, by a female heir of that name descended to Grant. Sir William de Sancto Stephano lived there in the time of Henry III, Grant was possessed thereof in the reign of Henry VI., a potent family in command and revenues. His two heirs di- vided it between Monk and Luccomb. And this seat ( happy always in hav- ing worthy possessors,) is now enjoyed by a gentleman of wonderful great hope, (why say I of hope.'' whereas his worthy carriage and behaviour in his very prime gives assurance of extraordinary sufficiency,) Dennis Rolle, esq., who hath lately espoused a daughter of the honourable the Lord Paw- let of Hinton ; his mother the coheir of Dennis of Bickton and Holecombe ; her mother of the illustrious house of the Marquess of Winchester ; his grandmother the heir of Watts. These noble matches and affinity, (that I go no farther,) with a rare pregnancy of wit, vivacity of spirit, and great fortunes by inheritance, may in time add higher titles than I intend to mention. Here Pollard had their chief seat ; and at Dodescot was placed Hamelin Hereward, descended from that valiant Saxon knight of whom Henry of Huntingdon maketh this mention: — "This Hereward, at the entrance of the Conqueror, not able to maintain his party, with divers other nobles of thia land retired into the Isle of Ely, and made captain of the company and place. Having received, as Ingulphus saith, of his uncle, the Abbot of Pe- terborough, together with his benediction, a hallowed sword, he defended his inheritance against the Normans, and manfully withstood the Conqueror's assaults ; and at length came out of his fastnesses and encountered them stoutly, until by mediation he was reconciled to the king." Whytesley demesnes was held by Durant, Kellway, Drake, and now by Wollacombe. Barry, who took his original from the ancient Barons Barry, now Viscount Butifant in Ireland, which for their great estate and command were called Barry-More, alias Barry the Great. These also descended from Robert Barry, an Englishman, (and as one proveth, a native of this county,) and so it may well be, for that name was possessed here of large and fair inheritance in the time of the three first Edwards, and their armories yet in many places extant. He was one of the first conquerors of that king- dom ; of whom I find this special remembrance : — He chose uather among the first to be chief indeed than to seem chief. He, in winning Ireland, put himself into sundry dangers and received many wounds, yet was the first 330 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. f BoOK IV. that brought the hawk to hand. But the hen* general of this house d3nng issueless, conveyed to her brother by one venture this inheritance, enjoining him also to bear her armories : it is called Winscot, or Winescot, which Richard de Winescot held tempore Edward I. II. And now I have him, I have long sought and much desired to meet withall an admirer and studious lover and treasurer of venerable antiquities : ray good friend Mr. Tristram Risdon, I am glad to find you at home : you can supply the imperfections of simple discourses, showing what I have overpassed or forgotten ; ac- quainting these gentlemen with many antiquities and dehghtful occurrences they never heard or read of. Well, Sir, we desire your company awhile, the better to illustrate and make known the worth of your country ; and for hansel (that we may make no long stay,) tell us what epitaphs your church yields. Upon Mary, the wife of John Rolle, esq., and daughter of John Ford, esq., who died 30th June, 1592, and is portraited in brass, her sons on the right hand and daughters on the left ; and this is her epitaph : — "Hie Stevenstonii Rolli jacet inclita mater, Nil habuit vera quam pietate prius. Cum quibus et vixit, sex mascula pignora liquit Queis desiderium mortua triste tulit. Pars melior superis adiit ccetusque piorum Egidii templo ossa sepulta cubant. Si quis plura velit, vel noscere plura laborat, Vicino hoc prsestat scripta tabella loco. On the tomb of WiUiam Risdon is this inscription, — " Hie requiescit Willihelmus Risdon, quondam de Winscot generosus, expec- tans carnis resurrectionem et Christi ; qui plenus annorum obiit 12mo die Augusti, A. D. 1622. " Vixi, ut vivis; morieris, ut mortuus sum. Sic vita traditur." Under which his sorrowful son caused this to be written, — " Accipe, chare pater, quae munera dedico natus, Sintque precor cineri munera grata tuo. Tu mihi das lucem vitae, do mortis honores ; Heu ! heu ! quam dispar gracia nostra tuae est." But a more ancient is this, — Chap. XXVI.] view of Devonshire. 331 " Hie jacet Johanna Pollard quae fuit uxor Johauuis Pollard, ac iilia Johannis Copleston. Quae obiit 21 die mensis Septembris, A. D. 1430: cujus animae propitietur Deus. Amen. We are now with speed come to Hunshaw, or Hunshew ; in former ages overspread with trees, and in this time not unstored. Shaw is in our most ancient language a shadow, so this may not unfitly be interpreted hmiter's- shadow. The chief manor was anciently belonging to a worthy tribe of the St. Johns, and after to Welhngton, and now to Chichester, and Sir Henry Fitz Reginald was written Dominus de Hunshaw in Henry III.'s time. Now is Weir in our view, taking name from a dam crossing the river on which it is seated : sometimes the inheritance of GifFard, whose name it bears to this age: after of Densel, a tribe of very good estimation. The daughter of Richard brought it to Fortescue. WiHiam, one of his prede- cessors, was sheriff in the 28th Edward HI. Here at Southcot is a remainder of the eldest race of Southcot : of which family there was one a justice in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. A lake comes in from Frithelstock ; by which name Robert held it of the Conqueror. Sir Robert Beauchamp founded here a priory of canons regu- lar, dedicated to St. Gregory; valued at the dissolution at £127. 2s. 4^d.; yet the tuneable bells are very delightsome to the hearers. At the disso- lution the king gave it to Sir Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle. There lately inhabited Whyblock and Chichester. CHAPTER XXVI. Of Monkley, and the Family of Hunkford. MoNKLEY takes name from his lords the Monks of the Monastery of Montague in Somerset ; and now purchased by Coffin. Annery in this parish was held by Adam de Anncry, and 1 7th Edward III. by Sir Richard Stapeldon ; by the heir of which race it came to Hank- ford ; of which race there was one chief justice, as appeareth by his remem- brance on his monument, whereon is his representation, in his robes, kneel- ing, and this superscription, — 832 VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. • [BoOK IV. " Hie jacet Willihelmus Hanckford, miles, quondam Capitalis Justiciarius Domini Regis de Banco ; qui obiit 12mo die mensis Decembris, 1422 : cujus animae propiiietur Deus." and this prayer proceeding out of his mouth, — " Miserere mei, Deus, secundum magnam misericordiam tuam ; et beati qui custodiunt judicium et faciunt justitiam omni tempore." I find him highly commended for gravity, sobriety, wisdom, learning, and integrity : fair ornaments for men in authority ; but chiefly fitted for such as minister justice, and required of them by God and expected by men of all religions. The Prophet David tells them, — " If ye be wise, defend the cause Of poor men in their right ; And rid the needy from the jaws Of tyrants' force and might.'' The Heathen Prince Cambyses caused a corrupt judge to be flayed, and with his skin covered the judicial chair, in which he placed the son of the judge excoriated to execute his father's office ; and besides the daily sight of his father's skin, gave him this caveat to remember, — " Sede sedens ista judex inflexibilis esto. Sit tibi lucerna, lux, lex, pellisqne paterna. A manibus reseces munus, ab aure prcces." Thou judge that sittest in this seat, Uprightly deal therein ; / And for thy guide take thou the light. The law, and father's skin. To finger bribes in any case forbear. Nor prayer nor threats let enter in thine ear. But this our judge was deemed clear of this error, and furnished with sundry virtues ; yet surely somewhat was defective in him. You may plainly behold as in a mirror man's frailty, and that our life is either the prologue or catastrophe of a tragedy ; for in this last act of his last scene wherein it was expected he should have expressed liis chiefest wisdom and fortitude, he fell short of many, yea, simple, weak, and ignorant people : he feared some frowns, and the apprehension thereof cast him into so desperate / Chap. XXVL] view of Devonshire. 333 a resolution (for tristior est letho, lethi mora,) death is doubled by delaying, that he plotted a violent death to himself in this manner : — Fitting a convenient time for his purpose, he called the keeper of his park unto him, with whom he sharply expostulated about the number and quahty of his deer, showing himself much displeased for that they were so few in such large grounds ; saying, it could not be otherwise but they were stolen or that he made sale of them for gain ; eagerly threatening him for such spoil; yet, in fine, (to make a sad tale short,) upon his servant's excuses he seemed somewhat pacified, yet left this severe charge upon him, to be more vigilant and careful or to lose love and office together : commanding him also, that if, in his night- walks, he found any that at his first demand made no ready answer, or should offer to fly, he shovJd shoot at him ; and rather than fail to apprehend him, he should not fear to kill him, and he would be his warrant and save him harmless from danger of the law. All which the keeper directly promised, and too faithfully performed. Shortly after, in a dark tempestuous night, (fit for a dismal dolorous ac- tion,) the judge himself went secretly into his park, (to be the first mark for his keeper,) by whom encountered, and upon demand who he was, of- fering to fly, or resist, was shot at and so hit and wounded that he died in a short time after ; and the oak under which he stood noted after by the name of Hankford-Oak. Let us conclude this sad matter, yet not without extraction of some pro- fit thereof ; for which purpose let us remember what the Psalmist saith, — "surely man is altogether vanity." What! the wise man in his chief state? how is it then with the common sort or unwise, and he that is left to him- self .'' We may see by this learned and wise lawgiver, esteemed, and known discreet, sober, and judicious, (as hath been said,) yet a frown, a flow of contrary wind brought him into such an inconsiderate hasty desire to shun danger, that it deprived him of true judgment to consider of the right way to get out ; and trusting to his own wisdom, (which is mere folly,) it befell him as the divine poet saith, — " Sick, to myself I run for my relief. So sicker of my physic than my grief." He lived, I must confess, in those tumultuous and therefore dangerous days, when Henry IV. contended with Richard H. for the crown of Eng- 2u 334 VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. land ; at which time the sword was unsheathed and laws could not be heard for sound of drums and trumpets. Knowing, perchance, to whom he should justly adhere, hut not to whom safely, fearing also (as it was thought,) some royal frown, and terrified with the sight of infinite execu- tions and tragical actions, and thereby vexed with continual agonies how with a careful watch he might avoid the mischiefs he supposed might threaten him also. Some assign another occasion hereof: that having committed Prince Henry to prison for striking of him upon the bench when he stoutly refused to deliver a criminal at his instance, he feared what would become of him when he became King of England, by the title of Henry V. A noble heart that can break when it will, you may perchance say, and term it a resolution equal to the ancient Romans, Cato, and Pomponius At- ticus ; and say also therewith, that it is extreme folly to five long in pain and affliction, dishonour, or want, and only to wish death, when nature af- fordeth man remedies to ease himself at his pleasure, according to Epicurus, approved by Seneca: — "malum est in necessitate vivere ; necessitas nuUa est, quid ni nulla sit : patent imdique ad libertatem vise multse breves faci- les ; agamus Deo gratias quod nemo invite teneri possit." I grant (saith he,) it is misery to five in necessity; but there is no necessity for a man to live so; there are many quick and easy means to free ourselves : let us therefore thank God that no man can be constrained to live against his will, or longer than it shall please himself. And as QuintiUian, — " nemo nisi sua culpa diu dolet :" no man endureth pain or sorrow long but by his own fault. You have aUedged these sentences rightly, and it accords fitly with hu- man reason and philosophical arguments to be very convenient, and not only lawful but laudable, and hath been practised by aU nations and religi- ons, — Greeks, Romans, Persians, Medes, Indians, Jews : witness that old man Rhasis, named the father of the Jews. Among the Christians, those two canonized saints, Pelagius [query] and ApoUonia ; and whole cities of some rehgions. But the sacred rites of Christianity do not approve it, nor al- low them any dispensation, but utterly condemn it : and so far as pun- ishment may be inflicted on the dead, they sufi'er for it by all laws, as for- feiture of goods from the posterity, and disgraceful unchristian- hke burial. Of the two daughters of his nephew Sir Richard Hankford, Ann (whom he had by his second wife, Ann, daughter of John Montacute, Earl of Sa- Chap. XXVII.] vikw of Devonshire. 335 lisbm-y,) was married to Thomas, Earl of Ormond, of whom was Queen EU- zabeth of famous memory, the Earls of Dover and Monmouth, and St. Le- ger : of Thomasin, his elder daughter, which he had by the sister and co- heir of Fulk, Lord Fitzwarren, is the noble Earl of Bath. His statue is also in the church in armour, kneeling, and his mother's, beautified with the armories of their house and matches ; with some other remembrances of Dame Ann St. Leger, the foundress of the chancel, and wife to Sir George St. Leger. And in this church of Monkley, in a win- dow, are represented the seven works of mercy, and subscribed with these verses, — " Hac non vade via nisi dices Ave Maria, Semper sit sine vae qui mihi dicit Ave." CHAPTER XXVII. Of Buckland- Brewer, Parkham, Bideford, and the noble Family of Grenvile. We pass Buckland, surnamed of its lord Brewer, who gave it to the Ab- bey of Dunkeswell, when it came into the king's hands : he sold it toRolle. Winslade gave name and habitation to a generous and long continuing race, who was increased much in Cornwall : his seat at Tregarrick : now possessed by Biiller ; until a frantic rebellion forfeited all to King Edward VI.: yet Queen Mary's pity restored his son again to this farm of his name: but it is now possessed by another tribe, and the race extinct withall. Here is also Orley, long possessed by the worshipful race of Le Dan- Dennis ; now only Dennis. He married Grenvile : his father. Monk : his grandfather, Sydenham. Parkham, alias Porkham, was the inheritance of Sir Baldwin Bellestian, alias Belstan, who wrote himself of Parkliam in the age of Richard I.; which worthy tribe transmigrated into the more dignous family of Fulford. Bea- mont. Basset, and now Rolle possesseth it. The ancient name of Risdon is seized of land here : which Wilham Risdon, who descended from Robert that lived under Edward I., dying without issue, conveyed it to his kinsman, lord of a manor in Okehampton. Giles, of that name, (for we may not pass any good benefactor,) built the north aisle of this church and Hay-bridge 336 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. over this river. This gentleman (whose seat is Bableigh, or Babeleigh,) mai-ried Hill: his father, one of the coheirs of Viel; his grandfather, Giffard. In the north aisle Giles lieth inten-ed, with this remembrance, — " Here lieth the body of Giles Risdon, esq., being at his death of the age of 90 yeai-s, the 21st April, 1583." On a widow of that family : — " Hoc tumulo requiescit corpus Wilmotee Risdon viduee quondam uxoris Tho- mae Risdon, annigeri quse vixit et mortua est in fide catholica, 1617." On Balthazar Butler, gent.: — " Twice born I was, but thrice born must I be. Before I shall that heaven of heavens see : First of a woman ; but both she and I This sun can witness we are born to die ; Next of my mother church, she of a man Giving life's pledge made me a christian ; Lastly the bearing grave I '11 call my mother, The womb-bred worms my sister and my brother : Until the sea, and death, and hell deliver The dead to God, to live with Christ for ever. The 8th September, 1623." The Botelers and Le Gray possessed lands here. Halsbury, which hath bred many good men of sundry families, may not be forgotten. It first gave name to a generous family which ended in Pe- ter de Halsbury, son and heir to Peter de Halsbury, w^hose daughter, Johan- nah, joined it to the inheritance of Le Giffard ; (the bountiful;) which name Mrrites himself thereof at this time, and flourisheth worthy his great ances- tors. But the descent is so copious for variety of houses of which they have been anciently possessed, that I must pass him without farther remem- brance ; only after our usual manner to tell you he married vpith Cham- pemoun of Dartington : his father, the coheir of Tremayn : his grandfather. Smith. We are arrived at the ancient borough of Bideford, or rather By-the-ford, which parted the town in two, ere the fair bridge was built and made it one. It is a market towTi kept on the Tuesday, and is incorporated and hath a mayor and officers answerable thereunto ; and with Instow and Ap- pledore are witnesses at the union of this river with Taw. It is a town of Chap. XXVII.] view op Devonshire. 3^7 right good esteem both for frequent resort and number of inhabitants. Bar- tholomseus de Oketynet had land here near the conquest, and the Gurneys or Gomards. Here the merchants land their commodities, for here arrive ships of good burthen, where divers belong to the town. But among many, I will note only three things especially for which this town is famous, — 1st. for the va- lue of an action entered in the mayor's court ; 2nd. for a very fair bridge of arched work, long and spacious ; 3rd. for the antiquity, worth, and va- lour of the chief inhabitant. — For the action here entered : it was for so large a sum as the like hath not been in any town or city in England, (that I ever heard of,) I will not except London. The plaint was against one Hawkeridge for 1,000,000£, which it may be was rather an improvement to the defendant's credit than disgrace to his person ; for there are few ( I think) but will deem him a man of some extraordinary quality, worth, and sufficiency that could get credit for a milhon, esteemed a king's ransom. It may be ( I teU it you in council,) it was but vitium scriptoris, in adding two cyphers more than enough. The second is the stately bridge, which is also hardly paralleled in any ff part of this kingdom ; in a place especially so far remoted from the royal residence, and passed over by so few strangers, in respect of those that are scited in the midland of the county and near the capital city. In length it contains twenty-four piers, between some of which a bark of sixty tons may (without mast) pass and repass with the tide, which flows near five mUes above it. The foundation and structure is very firm and strong, yet it shakes, or seems so to do, with the slightest step a horse makes in his pas- sage over it. The founder is not certainly known ; but this tradition delivers, — the /" people passed the river a long time through the ford, and oftentimes mis- carried and were often in jeopardy ; whereupon the inhabitants many times began to erect a bridge, but could never effect it, in regard they wanted a firm foundation ; until one Sir Richard Gourney, (so they name him,) a priest of the place, was admonished by a vision (so saith the history,) to be- gin this excellent work, and he was to lay the foundation where he should find a stone fixed on the ground. This he esteemed as an ordinary dream, until walking by the river he espied such a stone or rock there rolled and 338 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE, [BoOK IV. fixed firmly, which he never remembered to have seen formerly ; and there- fore, upon serious meditation did suppose it rolled thither by Divine power. This persuaded him that his dream was no other than an heavenly inspira- tion ; and therefore disclosed it to Peter QuivU, then Lord Bishop of this diocese, w^ho zealously inclined to further so pious a work, granted indul- gences and gave licence to gather the benevolence of all brethren and sis- ters within liis precincts. Whereupon, in regard of the vision, multitudes of people offered cheerfully and largely their devotion : some, far remoted, money; others, near and adjoining, workmen and carriage; so with the as- sistance of Sir Theobald Grenvile, this excellent work was finished. For that name and family hath been of long antiquity, the chiefest inhabitant and prime glory of the town ; and my third theme. Of the worthiness of this knightly tribe I am much unable to speak so sufficiently as that deserveth ; passing therefore their actions at the con- quest, and come to the Conqueror's son, William II., or Rufus. In his reign Sir Robert Fitz-Hamon, (son to Haymon Dentatus, Lord of Car- boyle in Normandy,) a knight of great sufficiency and of the king's privy chamber, (assisting Enion, son of Cadivor, Lord of Diuet in Glamorgan- shire,) gave a great overthrow to Rheseup Tudor, Prince of South- Wales, and Jesten, Lord of Glamorgan, and thereby obtained great territories, a perpetual and fruitful inheritance to him, his associates, followers, and assistants ; the chief whereof were twelve knights, whom he termed Douze Peres, or his twelve peers. Among whom he divided those large teni- tories, with this condition, that they should hold their land of him in free vassalage as their chief lord, to maintain one the other in common with their aid or auxiliary forces, to defend every one his own ward in his castle of Cardiff, and to be present and assistant to him at his courts in the ad- ministration of justice. All this proves little to our purpose; I will there- fore set you down the names of his twelve magnanimous peers and noble assistants, all knights. — I. William of London, or de Londres. 2. Richard Grenvile, or de Gra- navile. (the man I now speak of.) 3. Robert de St. Quintin. 4, Pagan, alias Payn Turbei-vile, 5, Oliver de St, John. 6. Roger de Bekerol. 7. William de Easterling, now Stradling. 8. Gilbert de Humfravile. 9. Richard de Siward. 10. John le Fleming. 11. Reynald de Sully, of this county. 12. Peter de Soore. Chap. XXVIL] view of dbvonshire. 339 Divers of their posterities, and some of the self-same name, enjov those lands to this day. But our noble and bounteous-minded knight, Sir Rich- ar d Grenv ile, having Neath in Glamorganshire allotted for his part.lbuilded there a monastery, dedicating it to the Virgin Mary, and gave all his con- quered lands to the perpetual maintenance thereof, (which at the surrender was valued at £150. 4s. 9d.) and returned back again to his house here at Bideford. I intend to pass divers others of that family deserving perpetual remem- brance, and will speak only of one of his posterity, making choice of a man of his name and rank. Sir Richard Gjrenyile, knight. He, even he, I mean I who, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth of most famous memory, 1591, made / that admirable sea-fight in her ship named the Revenge ; memorable (saith ( a noble pen,) even beyond credit, and to the very height of some heroical ( fable : and though it were a defeat, yet it exceeded many (accounted great) { ../ victories : for in this ship ( like a fat stag among many hounds at bay,) he { ^ was seized, and fought with in turn, in a succession of supplies, by fifteen / great ships of Spain, part of a greater fleet ; the rest hke abettors, looking /' on afar off: and among the fifteen that fought, the great San Phihp was / one, a ship of 1500 tons, principal of the twelve sea apostles, who carried ^ three tiers of ordnance of each side, eleven in every tier, eight in the chase, | besides those at the stern ; who having received the lower tier of the Revenge \ discharged ^vith cross-bar shot, shifted herself with all diligence from her j side, utterly dishking her entertainment ; answerable to a common proverb in Plutarch's time, which said thus, — " He lets his wings down fall, much like the craven cock Which doth refuse the pit prepared, and list not bide the shock." This vahant commander, in his brave ship having but 200 men, whereof 80 ( were sick and weak, held out against a fleet of 55 sail of men of war and ) loOOO men fifteen hours, sinking two by her side, besides many more torn I and rent, and yet never came to be entered, but at the knight's extremity 1 (after divers deadly wounds, not enduring a word of yielding,) was by com^ i. position yielded : whereby may be perceived that the sentence of Soplio- cles deserves little credit (where such men arc,) when in liis verses he makes i the virtue of fortitude weak in itself ; saying this to the king, — [ si 340 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV. " When storms of dire adversity, king, do men assail, It daunts their courage, faints their force, and makes their hearts to quail." For true magnanimity and fortitude as this vdll never yield to adverse for- tune ; but crosses, extremities, dangers, adversities, and evils whatsoever, are rather bellows, nourishments, and incendiaries thereunto ; as is expres- sed in the invincible valour of this great spirit : his patience and true con- stancy at the very last period and catastrophe : which rightly accorded with the opinion of Martial and Horace's verses which speak — "Rebus in ad^ersis facile est contemnere vitam; Fortius ille facit qui miser esse potest. Si fractus illabatur orbis Impavidum feriunt ruinae." 'Tis no virtue to despise But to smile on fortunes rude A life long led in miseries ; Is the mott of fortitude. The ruinous world, should it on this man fall. Kill him it may, fear him it never shall. This good town (with the variety of excellent matter of discourse,) hath worthily entertained us, and will give us occasion to ruminate thereon when we come to places barren of any good argument. Which notwithstanding for a farewell I cannot forbear to add this one note more, not of any of the three former, though done on one of them, for it was publicly seen that one WUham Alford, of Beauford, bare, not long since, on his back at one time, for a wager, the whole length of the long bridge, four bushels of salt-water measure, six peck to the bushel, each peck containing three gallons, besides some advantage ; a burden sufficient to load three good horses fully. My purpose is hereby to show, that there are some men in this our de- clining and languishing age (as some term it,) equal of strength to the an- cients. Not comparing with those Homer mentions, Ajax and Hector, in the wars of Troy ; of whom, if he speak a little hyperbolically, you may bear with him ; he spake it upon report and tradition, for he was not born within a 100 years after. But Virgil, in imitation long after, augmented the strength of those heroes, when he speaks of the weight of a stone thrown by Turnus to .^neas : — " Saxum antiquum," &c. Thus I take, it speaks in English, — Chap. XXVIIL] view op Devonshire. 341 A huge stone pitched up there was, Unto their backs it lift ; A bond to sever fields Yet) he with one hand caught it up For to prevent all strife; (twelve men And to his foe full swift Such as this age now yields, He let it fly. Of greatest strength, could scarcely up Which vras a far greater matter than our man could perform ; yet I durst compare him to Milo, so famous for bearing an ox ; for I am bold to say his burden was as massy. But my chiefest intent is to add this mite to the great treasury. In the apology of the power and providence of God in the / government of the world, written by that reverend learned and worthy di- vine, Dr. George Hakewil, which being of this county by birth, and his residence within three miles of this place, I cannot but remember as a wor- thy ornament thereof: for this may somewhat prove the strength of man not so much decayed as some have written and many more believe. And to add somewhat more concerning long life, it is to be proved that Anastatia Steer, late of Roborough, lived full 140 years, double the age the prophet David allowed for old men in his time, when he said, — " Our time is three-score years and ten That we do live on mould : If one see four-score, surely then We count him wondrous old." CHAPTER XXVIIL Of Westleigh, Northam, Kenith Castle, and Abbotsham. We have staid long in this town, and much more might have been said in recommendation of this right worthy gentleman if I had begun with his first services against the Turk. But now we see on the other side Westleigh, sometime the land of Grant, and now of a branch of the Ber- rys, of Berry-Nerber, which flourisheth and fructifieth fairly. Hence are we gone to the other side the river Torridge against Abbotsham, so stiled for that it belonged to the Abbey of Tavistock ; yet 2x "42 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK IV. before that lord, one Stanton possessed it ; by whose coheirs it came to Dennis and Cruckhorn ; some by Giffard to Gary, and some to Munk. Northam is as it were a promontory or head-land, or half-island, made by the Severn Sea and our river. The church standeth so high that the tower showeth as a mark for those that bear in for the bar, where they must bring the tide with them for their security. On the north-west it hath a large plain shelf, whereon, with some winds, the sea beats with a cruel and forcible rage, and roUeth in great stones ; concerning which I must offer this to be noted, for that I have read somewhere that in the island of Cuba there is a valley containing some three or four leagues in length, which is full of very hard stones of such perfect roundness like unto buUets, that no art can make better or polish more exactly, of aU sorts ; some so small as will serve for pistols, and so upwards until you come to the cannon : and I observed in this place a great pile of stones globe-wise and round, though not with such exact perfection nor of such diversity in quantity as in Cuba; for these are all great, far above the height of any ordnance ; and if I may guess, I should think these stones not naturally round as the other, but rather by their forcible roUing with the unresistable force of the waves, the roaring noise whereof is heard far into the inland, serving as a prognos- tication to the inhabitants, for thereby is foretold fair and foul weather. Here may we see some remains of the Castle Hennaburgh as it is said, as also that hereby was Kenith- Castle, so famous for that Hubba the Dane was vanquished at the siege thereof and slain, and his ominous banner Refan taken : in remembrance whereof a great heap of stones was there piled up together as a trophy of the victory gotten by the natives, and the place yet remembered by the name Whibbestow ; not much exchanged from Asserius his word Hubbastow. Though the heap of stones be long time since swept away by the continual encroaching of the sea. But to teU you truly, I find as many places in this county claim the honour of this victory, as cities in Greece for the birth of Homer. This parish is grown very populous lately, for in the memory of man, at a place called Appledore, ( lying at the confluence of the Taw and Torridge, half a league within the bar where the ships commonly stop and lie safe on shore when the tide is out,) stood but two poor houses ; and now for fair buildings and multiphcity of inhabitants, and houses, it doth equal divers market towns, and is furnished with many good and skilful mariners. Chap. XXIX.] view of dkvonshire. 343 Sir Guido de Bryan held land here anciently, [in another M.S. this was the land of Zouch, and after belonged to the Priory of Frampton ;] and af- ter the Lord Maltravers ; after Pophani and Gary. Here at Borrow inha- biteth Leigh, whose two coheirs (as yet) are married to Basset and Berry, CHAPTER XXIX. Of the Island of Lundy, lying near this county, in the Severn Sea. Here, had I not casually cast mine eye on the Severn Sea and seen an island belonging to this county, I had struck sail and cast anchor. But while our bark is afloat it is but four hours sailing from hence with a good wind : let us view it. Between Harty-Promontory (fore spoken of,) and Bag-Point there is a large inroading bay, the land giving back in form of a crescent in which standeth Lundy, or Landy; and by transposition of the I, setting it in the front. Island ; in Latin, Insula, quae in Salo, posita. On the north side (the barrenest land,) is joined unto it a sharp, steep, high, and great rock, which they term The Constable ; and may be brook his name well for keep- ing true watch as a continual sentinel. On the south is one of far less quantity, joined to the land with a httle neck, which they term The Lamitor. It lieth some fourteen miles distance from Harty-Point, over against Caldy, (in British, Imis pix,) on the side of Wales. It containeth in length, two miles or more; in breadth, one; inaccessible but at one place, and that not without fear if without danger, it is so immured with rocks and impaled with beetle-browed chfl!"s, that there is no entrance but for friends. That it hath been tilled in former times the furrows testify yet plainly ; but what commodities came thereof is not known, neither will any man try again there is so little hope of profit. There are rehcs of a castle, and of a chapel dedicated to St. Helen. The most profit that is now made of it is by hogs, conies, and sea-fowl : of the last, that in breeding time, in some places, you shall hardly know where to set your foot but on eggs. 344 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK IV* Timber and wood it hath none, only a few low stunted elders, which are haunted with such a multitude of stares that you can hardly come to them for the dunging of the birds. But I have been too large in the description, for that Sir Thomas de la Mere, knight, in his report of that miserable (and as another saith, simple,) King Edward II, (when his froward, unreasonable, and unreconcileable wife, together with his unruly and revenging barons, thundered out eager tlireats and denounced terrible menaces, made him minded to withdraw himself hither as a place of safety and sure refuge,) hath for his time rightly described ; and the king's purpose is also by a modern poet thus expressed, " To Lundy which in Sabrin's mouth doth stand, Carried with hope, (still hoping to find ease,) Imagining it were his native land, England itself; Severn, the narrow seas; With this conceit, poor soul ! himself doth please. And sith his rule is over-ruled by men. On birds and beasts he'll king it once again. " 'Tis treble death a freezing death to feel. For him on whom the sun hath ever shone ; Who hath been kneeled vmto, can hardly kneel. Nor hardly beg what once hath been his own. A fearful thing to tumble from a throne ! Fain would he be king of a little isle ; All were his empire bounded in a mile." It lyeth (saith he) in Severn's mouth, two miles every way long, full of pleasant pastures, affording conies plentifully, doves, stares, (which Alexander Nectan termeth Ganymede's birds,) it hath continually from time to time ready to lay. It serveth the inhabitants with fresh water walming out of springs, though itself be on all sides circumpassed about with the sea. One only way it hath of entrance into it, which two men hardly can do together on foot ; on every part besides the huge rocks, bearing out a mighty height, hinder egress. Our historiographers do scarcely make any mention of it : only Matthew Paris speaketh of one Wilham de Marisco who, conspiring the death of Henry III., persuaded a knight sometime of his court to murder him, and with that intent got at night by a window into the king's bedchamber ; Chap. XXX,] view of dkvonshirb. 345 but He, in whose protection the lives of princes are, disappointed him, for the king lay elsewhere. He seeking from chamber to chamber with a nak- ed weapon in his hand, Mrs. Byset, one of the queen's women, sitting late up at her devotions, shrieking at the fearful sight of him, awakened the king's guard, who presently took him; and William de Marisco, accused as plotter of this treason, fled, and became a pirate and did fortify this island ; doing many mischiefs upon the neighbouring coasts. But at length, with sixteen of his associates, was apprehended and executed : yet at his death denied the conspiracy. It was in Edward HI.'s days the inheritance of Lutterel ; now of Grenvile. CHAPTER XXX. TTie Conclusion of this Northern Journey. And now, having showed you this island of Lundy, my journey for the northern part is finished. To ease you and myself I will rest here, My weary journey makes me faint well near. Needs must I crave new aid from high, and step A little back, the further for to leap. And now having travelled over the whole circuit of the northern division, and finding nothing remaining worthy our view, or farther inquiry, let us breathe awhile, and forbear to strive to recover or revive such antiquities as are not only long since decayed but are absolutely rotten and consumed : and for such epitaphs wherewith I meant in sight of each church to have presented you, be pleased to know that in some places the clerk's worship, somewhere the churchwardens, with careful regard to preserve the goods of the church and that nothing might be embezzled away; and in other, where the zealous learned minister would not have the ornaments and precious things of his church made common : and who can tell, saith he, what this man may pick out of those verses ; somewhat, perchance, that may be pre- judicial to the parishioners : and therefore my servant might not be per- 346 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. mitted to take them out in any case. Yet somewhere half a dozen of ale would prevail to procure a toleration. It may be expected I should have blazoned every gentleman's armories, and have set down their descents in length, as I passed by them, (as some others have done,) with flourishing anagrams, poesies, emblems, impresses, rebusses, and such like, which have been either by friends for love, or foes for envy ; and the derivations of or allusions to surnames. For the first I could, perchance, have done well, and sufficiently for some ; and somewhat for all or any : but that belongs directly to other men's professions, into whose harvest I intend not to thrust my sickle. But for some of the rest, much more delightful and pleasant, I purposed divers, until I chanced to read these verses in Ariosto, — " But more herein to speak I am forbidden, Sometime for saying truth one may be chidden." END OF THE FOURTH BOOK. THE FIFTH BOOK. CONTAINING THE SOUTH DIVISION. CHAPTER I. The origin and progress of the River Tawmeer. [Tamar.'\ We have ( by the favourable assistance of the Divine Power,) taken in this our journey a shght superficial view of part of two of the three divisi- ons of this shire ; the whole east and major part of the north. It win, perchance, be expected, and of some required, that I should pro- ceed also with the south, being the third and last, and so finish, though not Chap. I.] vIew of Devonshire. "547 perfect the whole : but it much better befits my age and weakness, every way, here to set up my rest ; betaking myself to quiet ease, as unable to travel so tedious and wearisome a journey, especially in ways much more strange and unknown to me than the fonner ; considering also that the great weight of this massy burden hath wearied, tired, and disheartened more able bodies, and terrified more young and active spirits than mine ; and would requh-e a support equal to Atlas himself, and impossible to be sup- plied by my weak abihties. Yet if according to my willing mind I should proceed and undertake to guide you this longest journey, I shall be enforced to depend and put over the greatest part of the burden upon a pair of stronger arches, my right worshipful and right worthy friends, : For a blind man, forsaken of his guide, In some thick forest, sad and self-beside, Takes now a broad and then a narrow path, His groping hands, his lost eyes office hath. Here on a stub he stumbles, there the bushes Take off his cloak, there on a tree he rushes ; Strays in and out, turns this, and that way tries. And at the last falls in a pit and dies. "With their assistance, who have denied me nothing I demanded, but have voluntarily supplied my wants with additions, my proceedings with their loving and skilful directions, am I proceeded this far ; for of them I have had gleanings as at a fruitful harvest : when of some (which would be thought to know more than others, and wonderfully flatter themselves therein,) I could hardly glean a solid ear, and that not without more than one entreaty, much repugnant to my nature, and to any generous disposi- tion in them. I am at au even balance whether I may proceed as my will desireth, or for- bear as discretion requireth : if I go on it will be in some sort against reason ; yet will I proceed with full confidence that the good assistance that God hath hitherto aflbrded me will not now fail, but be propitious to my intendments. For He, I hope, who no less good than wise is. First stirred me up to these bold enterprises. We'll therefore over-run the annals of some age*, And choosing out the chiefest personages And noted seats amidst our country's story, Offering them M on th' altar of God's glory. 348 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. f BoOK V. And therefore you generous minds that purpose to travel in this discovery with me be in readiness, your venture shall not be great ; we will lose no time, but take the next wind ; neither augment the length of our way by reduphcating, but taking the opportunity of landing at Clovelly (returning from Lundy,) we wiU inquire after the spring of the next river that runs southward, and by him steer our course and direct our proceedings. And here presently at Welcombe (a chapel of ease sometime to Hartland, where Richard, the son of John, and after Mertons, and from them the Stowels, held land ; now Arvmdell and Risdon ;) walm out of one burrow or hiU, two springs of two of the greatest rivers in this county, which by reason of the sudden declining of the ground two ways, take two divers courses, Torridge, formerly spoken of, after a long journey reaching into the midland country retireth itself, and with Taw discharge themselves in Severn; Tawmeer, and indeed weU is the addition of meer and fitly joined to Tau or Ta, for it is the chief and only meer bond or limit that doth dis- tinguish and separate this county from Cornwall ; either bank, for the most part being in several shires.* We were here lately, when we sought the spring of Torridge, for they spring both (as may be said) out of one fountain, at least the same moun- tain, yea the same hillock, not three feet asunder ; of which the neighbours fain this pretty fable : — The nymphs, or genii, of these two springs (for some demi-god or nymph not only the ancient Britons, but most nations and poets, have ascribed to each river.) being in a long or earnest dispute, or contestation, which of them was worthiest or fittest to take the southern way into the warmest cli- mate and fattest soil, (which now for its fruitfulness we distinguish from the rest, and for a super-eminency term it by the name of the South-Hams, intending thereby a rich and fertile soil ;) at length, after this vehement contention, they fell both into a sound sleep. Torridge, first awaking, ran slowly away, because he would by his silent passage (imheard) get the advantage of his brother, and so was onward well in his way ere Tamar awaked ; which he presently perceiving, angry indeed * On this passage Dean Ly ttleton remarks, " This river had the denomination of Tamar long before the counties were divided. Tamar is the same with Thame, Thames, Tavy, and the like, which is the Celtic name of a River." — G. 0., — P. J. Chap. I.] view of Devonshire. 349 (and not causeless,) made after with all possible posting speed, hoping, by- taking the advantages of some near way, to recover his lost ground; but therein was troubled and hindered in his swift current by many great stones dispersed every where, some apparent above the water, never covered but when it is swollen with great rain ; all which impediment and interruption notwithstanding, such was his violent celerity, that he obtained his desire. , Torridge perceiving by his slow current he strived in vain, presently wheel- ed about, taking his northern way, already shown unto you. But this is more neatly expressed in certain verses imparted unto me by my kind as- sister, Mr. Tristram Risdon, which saith thus, — " Two rivers from one fountain issuing came, Near to that foreland Hercules did name, Which by their springs to Gemini liken'd are, But in their courses disagreeing far. Torridge no sooner gotten from his head Is"By^ crooked turning channel led, And full of windings through the dales doth wander, Sporting himself in many a wry meander. Still gliding forth, although he fleet full slow. Which he intendeth lest his noise should show. Tamar comes after, who both frets and roars, HPs friend's unkind departure much deplores; Tears in his fury, rageth lion-like. For meeting not with him whom he doth seek : / All discontent, and thus repudiate, Unto the southern coasts his course doth take : Whereas he findeth passage by long search, And is 'tween Brits and Saxons made the mercb.* Torridge, impatient, doth without delay, Expect some other lover by the way : Longing to join with his beloved Ock, ThaTnT his haste o'erturneth many a rock, As he comes rolling out of Dartmoor hills Accompanied with many pleasant rills; And now, long-look*d-for, they together meet, The wedlock band in form full sure is knit ; Therefore apparralled in their best array. As bridals used upon the nuptial day ; Merch : properly, march, a border. 2y 350 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. Full many kisses pass them twain betwixt, With courtesies, more than a thousand mixt ; There Ocka doth with friendly love and heart Both stream and name unto her mate impart ; And the loud pipes on every side resound, The water nymphs and wanton satyrs round About them dance, their measures tripping neatly, And foot it on the tender grass as featly, And sing, they do, of Hercules, the story, Of whom fip famous is our promontory, Who vanquish'd Albion, Neptune's son, in fight, And with main strength in field kill'd him outright. This done, along the vales his course he treads. Beholding marishes and fruitful meads : Here amorously he clyps some loved places, Insulating others with kind embraces ; And now in pride and glory of his fame Salutes the chiefest town that liears his name, Whose tower'd castle, hov'ring on a hill, Devouring time hath thereon wTOught his will. From thence he bends his course to Gifford-weir, There farther flowing, Neptune doth forbear. At Bideford with bridge his stream is crown'd, For number and fair arches much renown'd. His tilting tides near unto Appledore Have clean swept Hubba's tjophy off the shore That there was set : posterity might know At Kenwith Castle his great overthrow. So forcible are those his swelling waves They wash the dead again out of their graves. Forward she forceth on the sandy burrows On what we term the Bar, in foaming furrows. Lastly pays tribute to that peaceful bay Where Lundy with his hardy guard doth stay." Tamar at first, for haste, made few indents or wheelings, having an ear- nest desire to visit the warmer chmate ; but having once obtained the goal, disports himself wantonly, yet visits no place worthy our observation, water- ing only obscure villages. The first it salutes is Pancrass-Week, or Pancardeswike, or rather Wike with the addition of Holy St. Pancras. Week, according to Verstegan, is f f J- / Chap. I.] view of Devonshire. 351 a fence or place of refuge. Here Copleston and St. Leger had land, and RoSeft Te Dehis de'lVyke St. Pancrass. On the right hand we may only cast our eye but claim no interest, being beyond our limits ; for the river's western bank is our marches. But next / we see Pyworthy, converted worthy Pye ; which one Boniface possessed in elder timesTlTso tFe TKof^of Plympton, Arscot, and now Welsh. It is wedged on both sides by our river and one that descends from Holsworthy, which ariseth with a two-fold spring and so in a manner encloseth the same. Holsworthy is a pretty market town, kept every Saturday, and hath a fair lasting"dlvers days, but begins on St. Peter's. The Duke of Norfolk and Montague had it, after it came to the hands of Henry VHI. Here is the barton of Thorn or de ^pineto, which was long owned by a generous family of the name ; but matching vnth the heir of Upcot, he re- si deth at Sheepwash, where we shall meet him. The manor of Chelsworthy, herein, belonged some time (as I am told) to the free-school of Week St. Mary. Tetcot was held by Alured in the Conqueror's entrance, and somewhile afterTty Pipard ; now Arscot, (a branch of a younger family of Arscot,) which is well known by a memorable suit in law between John Arscot, armi- ger, and the then Lord Bishop of this diocese in a quare impedit, which is set forth in my Lord Coke's Reports. Here we receive a riveret that, rising in Claw Moor, takes name from thence and gives it to Clawton. This moor is so deep and cumbersome to travellers, most part of the year, that the proverb there saith, " the devil was clogged in Claw Moor." This one Nigel held in the conquest; after Wallays and Digby. Blagdon had anciently and yet, I think, lords so named. Arscot of Tetcot married Walrond : his father, Samford : his grandfa- ther, Walters of Herefordshire. We may not 'pass Bridgerule ; in ancient time only Bridge : so situate /' that the one moiety of the parish lies in Cornwall and the otlier in this shire. A Saxon named Prauuinus sometime held it, but the Norman Conqueror gave it to one Rualdus Adobatus, who left his name there, and so named Bridge-Ruald, or^RocIT, now Bridgerule. It is now the inheritance of Roil? - / / / 352 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. CHAPTER II. Of Tamerton, Collacomhe, and the Family of Tremayn. Tamekton is next in our way, which Rualdus Adobatus possessed ; after DengitrTrOTn whom it came to the family of Fortescue. Of the two brothers of the Tremayns. — CoUacombe, or Cullacombe, where Robertus de Albamara had land by the Conqueror's gift; Sir Michael Trenchard after him. Then gave it name to the race of Collacomhe ; a respected family long settled there, un- til the heir female of the house was«wedded to Tremayn, which by many descents and worshipful alliances flourisheth in this age; whose armories, with a pretty conceit, allude to his name, being three hands and arms joined at the shoulders in the umbril point of the field. We will pass all the Tremayns until we come to Thomas Tremayn, who married Phillipa, daughter of Roger Grenvile of Stow, armiger, and was to him as the Psalmist saith : — " Like fruitful vine on the house side Thy children stand like olive plants So doth thy wife spring out. Thy table round about." For by her he was father of eight sons and six daughters, most of which I will silently pass ; yea ! the fourth, which was Richard, only with this re- membrance that he was a doctor of divinity, canon resident and treasurer of the Cathedral Church of St. Peter in Exeter : a very learned and zeal- ous divine and dihgent preacher.* The sixth and seventh brothers, Ni- cholas and Andrew, born at one birth, were so like in all lineaments of body that I may not forbear in regard it came almost to the height of a wonder to declare unto you, so equal in stature, so coloured in hair, so re- sembhng each the other in face, with such similitude in gesture and sound of words in speech, as they could not be distinguished or known one from the other, no not by their parents, brothers, or sisters but privately by some secret hidden marks ; and outwardly by wearing some several coloured rib- band, or such like thing, which they would also on merriment often change * His will was proved at Exeter 15th December, 1584. — G. O,, — P. J. Chap. II.] view of Devonshire. 353 to make trial of their friend's judgment. There was yet somewhat more strange, their minds and affections were but one and the self-same : what the one loved, the other desired ; and so on the contrary, what the one loathed, the other hated : yea ! such a combination of the inbred powers in operation of their qualities and sympathy in nature was in them, that if Nicholas were sick or grieved, Andrew felt the hke pain and grief; yea! though they were distant and far removed one from the other, and without any intelligence given. Also it was observed that if Andrew were merry or pleasantly disposed, Nicholas was likewise so affected though far way separated, which long they could not endure to be, for they still desired to eat, drink, sleep, and wake together ; yea! so they lived, and so they died : for in the year 1564, serving both at New-haven, the one of them having the leading of a troop of horse was slain ; which the other seeing, stepped instantly into his place and extremity of the danger, notwithstanding would by no persuasions remove, but was there also slain. Therefore of i these two gentlemen may truly be said what was but feigned by the poets f of Hypocrates' Twins, that they were born, eat, slept, and died together. | Great was the difference between these two brethren and those of Pistoas, Gnfus, and Gibiline, which were the cause of such cruel uncivil wars, and such unnatural effusion of blood ; and therefore the* song of David, king and prophet, is well worthy our observation, to be remembered, when he saith in the cxxxiii Ps. v. I. — " O ! how happy a thing it is Brethren together fast to hold And joyful for to see. The band of amity." And the resemblance of these brothers gives fit occasion to remember a pretty jest pleasantly, or as some will, simply, retorted by a young Roman gentleman that casually came to the court of the famous Emperor Augustus Caesar, who was so like the Emperor in all lineaments of body as the one could not easily be known from the other ; whereof the Emperor being ad- vertised sent for him to be brought to his presence, and seeing himself in him (as it were,) in a looking-glass, more like than any picture Apelles could have painted, he said unto him, "young man, hath not your mother been a resident some time in Rome ?" intending thereby that so by his fa- ther's familiarity with her he might be begotten. But the gentleman pre- sently replied, "my mother was never here, but my father often :" and so 354 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. gave the Emperor what he intended to have put upon him. But we have stayed long here and must now remove. Luffineot, in former times Logingcot or Luggehincot, which Robert de Luggehincot sometime held, and Northcot a hamlet in the parish of Boy- ton which lieth on the farther bank of our river, were sometime the lands of Gray, Marquess of Dorset ; after of Carew ; lately of Abbot ; by whose coheir it descended to Philip Risdon, esq. Then pass we to Boyton, where we intrude somewhat on our neighbour's banks, for this standeth on the other side of the river. Here dwelt Noble, We will take Werrington now we are on that side, which belongeth also to this county, and did to the Abbey of Tavistock ; but after the fall thereof the "king gave it to Lord John Russell. The manor of Tameer was held by Trevillian, and now by Arscot. North-Petherwin was also, at King Athelstan's division, part of this shire, yet iiTall ecclesiastical causes they appear before the archdeacon of Corn- wall : for temporal taxes and musterings they join with us. Here comes in the river Arre from out of Cornwall. St. Giles-in-the-Heath, so termed of Hs barren site. In this is the most ancient seat of the noble house of the Careys in this country being of the same denomination, which they possessed a long time : and there also Passmere had land. Here is our river much augmented with the help of the river Gary that springeth first at Beaworthy, or Beaworth, a clayish soil ; 'wKere Isabel de Bloyo and Gilbert de Langford held land. It is now Arscot's, who is lord and patron. Ashwater and Ashworthy : these two carry their lord's name in their forehead. Henry de Helion, a stirpe of much note, whose two daughters and coheirs enriched with their patrimonies the two eminent families of Pruz and Challons. Avenel, and Downham were ancient lords here. Af- ter Esse, from whom these and many other manors took their prenames ; now Ash. Carminow had land here, and was ancient and potent in these parts. Sir Roger Carminow in Edward III.'s time. Wilham Carminow was sheriff of this county 14th Richard II. By the heirs of that family it came to the Maleveres. His heirs were married to Carew and Dournford. In the south wall of the church there is an ancient monument of Car- minow with his proportion cut, armed cap-a-pee, together with his wife's. Chap, III.] view of Devonshire. 355 without any inscription to signify the time. Two of the Maleveres were sheriffs, Akiethus and Thomas, in the reign of Richard III., one succeeding the other. Hervy de Helion possessed lands in Esseworthy, whose two coheirs married Pruz and Challons. Robert Challons was sheriff of this shire 8th Henry V. Here Lanxford inhabiteth. Virgin stow, a place of virgins, and by that adjunct known from other StowsllrOtt'r ancestors' time and tongue. Here the Earl of Westmorland, Nevil, held land : but Tulslo, which is a member thereof, was held by a ge- nerous tribe of that name, until it was divided among distaffs. Here also the Carys held land : — Robert de Gary. CHAPTER III. The origin of the River Lyd of Lydford, his antiquities and present state. Here falls into our increase the river Lydj whose beginning is in Dart- f moor ; out of which walm springs abundantly. It passeth first by j: Coriton, a place ofno'great note, yet gave denomination to a very anci- '^ ent Shd worshipful family, Gaulfredus et Elias de Coryton : which hath re- moved to a place of more rich commodities, viz, Newton in Cornwall, where they now reside. Though the name sound new, yet it is old to them by succession. It is said of that family that in eight descents no one born heir of the house, at any time, hved to succeed and possess the inheritance. Then it comes to give name to a town of great antiquity, Lydford, anci- ^. ently Lighatford ; which for many reasons we may not slightly pass. Many and pregnant reasons wiU plead for the antiquity of this borough. First, the ruins, not only by force of arms, as anno 997, when it was grie- vously spoiled by the inhuman Danes, (arriving at the mouth of Tamar,) when they burned also the Monastery of St. Ordulph in Tavistock ; but more probably by time and furious force of storms whereunto it lieth sub- ject every way, being in the skirts of Dartmoor. Certainly the first inha- bitant (were he to be known,) was no nice, neat, efteminate fellow, but some robust, sturdy, strong Albionist : such an one as is pencilled by an ancient 356 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. poet (as Mr. Camden reports,) to be the first inhabitants of this island. It saith thus, — '* Here giants whileome dwelt yclad with skins of beasts, Whose drink was blood ; whose cups, to serve for use of feasts, Were made of hollow wood ; whose beds were bushy thorns, And lodgings, rocky caves, to shelter them from storms ; Their closets, hollow rocks ; their hunting found them meat : To ravish and to kill to them was pleasure great. Their violence was rule. With rage and fury led They rush'd into the fight, and fought hand over head. Their bodies were interr'd behind some bush or brake : To bear such monstrous weights the earth did groan and ache." Or some valiant valorous and venturous Trojan, rather one of Corinseus his associates that came with Brutus and overthrew those former giants as pig- mies. He would else have sought some more temperate habitation, were there not much better shelter there in those times than is now to be found. Yet all this poet's strange description of savage men is no other (only some- what hyperbolical,) than a plain demonstration of a people of some part of America, and many other places lately discovered in search for the north- west passage in this age. But howsoever it was then, it justly prescribes for antiquity and ability, before many other, (of much better wealth and receipt at this present,) as able in his best strength to entertain JuUus Caesar at his second arrival here : for at his first coming Lucan saith, — " Territa queesitis ostendit terga Britannis." The Britons fought, did him so fray, He turn'd his back and ran away. Which may be true, (though it need a strong belief,) for those ancient no- ble Romans were nothing dainty either of their diet or lodging, when the bare ground served for a down-bed for the weary, and cresses and turnips contented the hungry consuls, dictators, and generals, as a pleasant ban- quet. — " Rome then was ruled by Curios and Fabrices, That fed on roots and sought not for delicacies." And this ungirt youth (for he was noted in his younger years to have a Chap. III.] view op Devonshire. 357 careless regard of neatness in his apparrel,) did strive and toil only for ho- nour and empery, than for dainty fare or soft lodgings. And the abihty of this town in former times is averred by the Conqueror's Book of Survey ; before which time it had also been devastated, for this we find there recorded, — " Rex habet Burgum Lidforde, Rex Edwardus tenuit in dominio. Ibi viginti et octo Burgenses infra Burgum, et 41 extra. Inter omnes reddunt 3 Ubras ad pensum et habent duas carucatas terre extra burgun. Ibi sunt quadraginta domus vastae postquam Rex venit in Angham. So we find the borough and manor of Lydford to be the ancient demesne of the Crown of England ; and thaflit^itd-aiit, standing and wasted. It had in tlie^Conqueror's days one hundred and nine burgesses. But the vicissi- tude and alteration is such and so strange, that the now spectator may well cry out, and more woefully with ^neas, in Virgil, when he saw the ghost of noble Hector, — " Heu ! quantum mutatus ab illo." -Out and alas ! How much chang'd from what it was. It taketh name o f the river ; but that the river should take the same of a certain kind of grass that makes fat, full, and gross hay, (which by the overflowmg of the Ouse, Grant, and Nen, with other rivers in the Isle of Ely, grows abundantly,) which the country people call Lyd, I may suppose but cannot aver; for that the grass near this river is nothing so gross, fat, rank, or plentiful, but I take it of the same kind and nature, but leave it as a guess. At the end of the town there is a bridge under which the river is gath- ered into such a strait that (the earth fretted and carried away between the i rocks,) it falleth with such a rumbhng noise that it striketh a certain fear f and terror to most strange passengers ; much more to those that look down to behold it, to whom it seems a dark abyss. i This parish for amplitude, both in lands and liberties, may compare ( if I i, be not misinformed, or misconceive my informers,) with any in the king- dom, being every way in diameter at least miles, the whole forest being within it.* To the parson whereof all the tithes are due. And yet * The following Ordinance of Bishop Bronescombc's, 20th Aug., 1200, back of fol. IG of his Register, may be interesting. — G. 0., — P. J. — " Fide dignorum assertione iutelligentes, 2z 358 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK V. their liberties reach farther. We find also that Barnstaple was guildable to the king as Exeter, and did serve by sea and land as did Totnes and Lyd- quod quidam parochiani Ecclesie de Lideford, villulas que dicuntur Balbeneye et Pushyll inhabitantes, adeo distant abeorumEcclesiamatrice predicta, quod earn pre nitnla distantia nuUo modo visitare possunt quocies eis fuerit oportunum, dllecto filio officiali archidiacono Totton nostris Htteris dedimus in mandatis, ut facta Inquisitione solemni inpleno capitulo ejusdem loci, nos literatorie reddet certiores an homines predicti ad erectionem sufficerint oratorii, Item que parochialis Ecclesia villulis ipsis vicinior existat, necnon iidem homines, sine prejudicio juris alieni, audire divina et ecclesiastica percipere valeant sacramenta, et quanto eedem villule distant a matrice Ecclesia predicta, et si tempestatibus et inundatio- nibus aquarum exortis, parochianis ipsis matricem Ecclesiam predictam visitare volentibus, via longior debeatur; cumque per certificationem officialis memorati invenerimus quod, in- colis ipsis ad constructionem oratorii minime sufficientibus, parochialis Ecclesia de Wyde- combe locis ipsis j^lus aliis omnibus est vicina, et quod loca predicta a matrice Ecclesia de Lideford sereno tempore per octo, et tempestatibus exortis in circuitu per quindecem dis- tant miliaria, salutem animarum sicut non debemus negligere ulla ratione volentes, ecclesi- arum ipsarum rectores ad nostram fecimus presentiam evocari: rectoribus igitur predictis ; coram nobis constitutis et exposito eisdem hujuscemodi periculo, ac de expr-^sso consensu utriusque Ecclesie patronorum, ordinationi nostre se supponentibus promittentibusque bona fide voluntati nostre parere in hac parte, ac nostram ordinationem predictam observare in perpetuum, de consilioprudentum virorum nobis assistentium taliter ordinavimus. videlicet, quod predictorum et adjacentium locorum incolis sic in unitate sue parochialis Ecclesie de Lideford perpetuo remanentibus, in Ecclesia de Wydecombe imposterum divina audi- ant et omnia in vita et morte ecclesiastica percipiant sacramenta. In coopertura et fabri- ca Ecclesie de Wydecombe, clausura cemeterii, subsidio luminariumetdeferendopane be- nedicto, cum ipsius Ecclesie parochianis contribuant, consuetudines ipsius Ecclesie in visi- tationibus infirmorum, benedictionibus nubentium, in purgationibus postpartum, in baptis- matibus parvulorum, in mortuariis et sepulturis morientium, observent, Offerant quoque ibidem solempniter ter in anno, et decimam nihilominus agnorum eidem Ecclesie cum inte- gritate persolvant. In signum vero subjectionis at agnitionem juris parochialis quilibet incola dictorum locorum terram tenens semel in anno videlicet die sancti Petroci in Eccle- sia de Lideford solempniter offerat, et oinnes decimas et obventiones majores et minores, hiis duntaxat exceptis que superius enucianlurmatrici Ecclesie suede Lideford, sine qua- libet diminutione et contradictione persolvent. In cujus" &c. The following extract from a survey of the Borough of Lydford, made 1650, may also interest the reader. — G. O., — P. J, LiDFORD Castle. — " The said Castle is very much in decay and almost totally ruined. The walls are built of lime and stone : within the compass of which wall there are four little rooms whereof two are above stairs, the floor of which is all broken, divers of the chiefest beames being fallen to the ground and all the rest is following: only the roof of the said Chap. III.] view of Devonshire. 359 ford ; and it was assessed (as the Survey Book saith,) when and as London was. Whereby it plainly appeareth it hath been in better state than at this present : for now ** Stat magni nominis umbra." Of the great name I wist It now but the shadow is. It hath neither fair nor market to comfort itself withaU, and little fruitful land. It is only intrusted with the keeping of the prince's prisoners, for stannary causes. But what mean I to make so long a description of it, in regard it is so commonly sung by many a fidler ; being very exactly and facetely done in a running metre, by WiUiam Browne, a very witty gentle- Castle (being lately repaired by the Prince and covered with lead,) is more substantial than the other parts. " The scite of the said Castle with the ditches and courte contain half an acre of land, of which the Burrough of Lidford holdeth the Corte at the will of the Lord, for which they pay the yearly rent of twelve pence. The said scite is valued to be worth, at an im- provement, besides the foresaid rent, per ann. 5s. The stones about the said Castle are not worth the taking down, but there are divers parcels of old timber which we value to be worth de claro 6£. There is one part of the tower leaded, containing 1445 square feet, every foot containeth (by weight) nine pounds ; in all thirteen thousand eight hundred and ninety five pounds, which at a penny halfpenny a pound cometh to eighty six pounds, sixteen shillings, and ten pence halfpenny; but consideration being had to the taking it down and the portage, we reprise six pounds, sixteen shillings, ten pence halfpenny, so then it amounteth to de claro 8£. "Lidford Borough. — Rents of Assize. The Quit Rents, or Rents of Assize, of the said Borough doe amounte to yearly the sum of £3. Is. 4d.; part of which said Rents (viz. 3£.) is paid to the Rector of the parish of Lidford in lieu of all the tithes of the Forest of Dartmoore; soo that the clear Rent accruing to the Lord amounteth to the yearly Rent of one shilling and four pence. " Rent of the Faire. The said Burrough doth pay to the Lord for the faire that is yearly held there, viz. at the feast of St. Bartholomew, the sum of one shilling and six pence per annum. " Ale Rent. There is also paid by the said Burrough for ale waights the sum of twelve pence per annum. "So that the whole Rent which the said Burrough payeth to the Lord, with the one shilling for the Castle Greene, amounteth to per annum £0. 48. lOd." "I certify that the above is a true extract from the original Survey, preserved among the records in the Office of the Dutchy of Cornwall. — J, R. Gardiner, Auditor." 360 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [Book V. man pleasantly disposed, that was employed thither : it saith thus, — " I oft have heard of Lydford law, How in the morn they hang and draw, And sit in judgment after. At first I wonder'd at it much, But since I find the matter such, As it deserves no laughter. They have a castle on a hill ; I took it for some old wind-mill, The vanes blown off by weather. To lie therein one night 'tis guess'd 'Twere better to be ston'd or press'd, Orhang'd, ere you come thither. Ten men less room within this cave Than five mice in a lantern have : The keepers too are sly ones : If any could devise by art To get it up into a cart, 'Twere fit to carry lions. " When I beheld it, Lord ! thought I, What justice and what clemency Hath Lydford castle's high hall ! I know none gladly there would stay, But rather hang out of the way Than tarry for a trial. Near these poor men that lie in lurch, See a dire bridge, a little church, Seven ashes and one oak; Three houses standing, and ten down. They say the rector hath a gown, But I saw ne'er a cloak. Whereby you may consider well That plain simplicity doth dwell At Lydford without bravery ; And in that town both young and grave Do love the naked truth to have. No cloak to hide their knavery. This town 's enclos'd with desert moors, But where no bear nor lion roars. And nought can live but hogs : For, all o'erturn'd by Noah's flood, Of four -score miles scarce one foot's good, And hills are wholly bogs. And near hereto 's the Gubbins cave ; A people that no knowledge have Of law, or God, or men : Whom Caesar never yet subdued; Who 've lawless liv'd ; of manners rude; All savage in their den. Prince Charles a hundred pounds hath sent By whom, — if any pass that way, To mend the leads and planchings rent He dares not the least lime to stay. Within this living tomb ; Some forty-five pounds more had paid The debts of all that shall be laid There till the day of doom. One lies there for a seam of malt, Another for two pecks of salt, Two sureties for a noble. If this be true or else false news You may go ask of Master Crews,* John Vaughan or John Doble.f For presently they howl ; Upon which signal they do muster Their naked forces in a cluster. Led forth by Roger Rowle. The people all within this clime Are frozen in the winter time. Or drown'd with snow or rain ; And when the summer is begun They lie like silkworms in the sun, And come to life again. ♦ The Steward. i Attornies of the Court. Chap. IV.] VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. 361 'Twas told me, 'in King Caesar's time This town was built of stone and lime,' But sure the walls were clay ; And these are fallen for ought I see, And since the houses have got free, The town is run away. Caesar ! if thou there didst reign, While one house stands, come there again, Come quickly, while there is one; For if thou stay'st one little fit. But five years more, they will commit The whole town to a prison. To see it thus, much grieved was I ; The proverb saith sorrows be dry, So was I at the matter: When by good luck, I know not how. There thither came a strange stray-cow. And we had milk and water. To nine good stomachs with our whigg, At last we got a tithen pig. This diet was our bounds ; And this was just and if 'twere known A pound of butter had been thrown Among a pack of hounds. One glass of drink I got by chance, "Twas claret when it was in France, But now from it much wider; I think a man might make as good With green crabs boiled in brazil wood And half a pint of cider. I kissed the Mayor's hand of the town, Who, though he wears no scarlet gown, Honours the rose and thistle. A piece of coral to the mace, Which there I saw to serve in place. Would make a good child's whistle. At six o'clock I came away. And pray'd for those that were to stay Within a place so arrant : Wide and ope the winds so roar, By God's grace I'll come there no more 'Till forc'd by a tin-warrant." I have stayed you here overlong, I must confess ; I fear you have either taken the cold, or the cold hath taken you. I dare say your stomach is ready for your dinner ; but I can promise you no good cheer. You per- ceive what entertainment the gentleman had ; and I, a stranger, shall hardly procure you the hke. Here are good walks to get a stomach, but small means to satisfy hunger. "We will therefore make all possible haste, and not once look back until we come to Trenchard-Lew. CHAPTER IV. Of Trenchard-Lew, Marystow, Lifton, and other places in our way to Tavistock. Lew with the adjunct of his Lord, Trenchard : it was given to that name by Baron Moelis, of North- Cadbury. In time his posterity got a large es- 362 VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. f BoOK V. tate, and the two coheirs enriched therewith the generous families of Munk and Wise. Stow St. Mary, or Mary stow : Stow dedicated to the Virgin Mary. John de Hampnon possessed it, from whom it came to Trenchard. In this is Sydenham, which gave denomination to a worshipful family yet flourish- ing, tKough transplanted into a richer soil. Trevage had sometime inte- rest in it ; now it is the seat of the dignous family of Wise, who hath beau- tified it with a fair house. In the church upon the stone under which Zenobia, wife of Robert Stow- ford, was buried, is this written, — " Life is death, and death is life ; Free from care, debate, and strife." The family of Wise hath been of long continuance in these parts. This gentleman married a daughter of Viscount Chichester : his father, the sole heir of Stoford : his grandsire, BuUer : his son. Sir Edward Wise, Knight of the Bath, the daughter of the Lord St. John, Earl of Bolingbroke ; whose only daughter and heir is married to Tremayn, esq., of CoUo- combe, and hath issue. KeUy, the ancient inheritance of that generous family. John de Kelly possessed it in the time of Edward I., continuing to this age. It had good improvement by the heir of Talbot, of Talbot's-week : of which name there was one sheriff of this county the 6th of Henry V. Brad-stone, Broad-ston, or Bradiston ; long since the seat of such a / name ; after of Cruse ; but now and many descents is the inheritance of Clowberrye. Now are we come to Lydstown, commonly called Lifton ; the land some- time of Thomas Holland, iDuke of Surrey, half-brother to King Richard II. Here we meet with the river Trussel, which begets Thrusselton, a little parish belonging to the Viponts, or de Veteripon- to. This land came to Serlonius Wise, a predecessor of the house of Sy- denham. Here Wolcot held a barton of his name. So comes this river to Lifton, by Mr. Camden called Lydstow ; the more famous for that it giveth name to the hundred, which containeth twenty pa- rishes. WUliam Harris, sergeant-at-law, purchased certain fairs here. Lysis- ton was held freely by Godwine before the conquest, and after by Reynold. Chap. IV.] view of Devonshire. '^"^ Bellescham, now Belston, or Fair-stone ; by which name Baldwin, the Viscount, held land here in the Conqueror's days. It had since lords sur- named of the place. Mary, a daughter and coheir of Sir Baldwin de Bel- stan, brought a fair inheritance to the illustrious family of Fulford, who is now lord and patron of the church and manor. Sticklepath Tything had a chantry of St. Mary, in the parish of Sampford Courtenay. On the left hand we leave Bratton, which hath the addition of Clovelly. The manor did sometime call Francis lord • now ahenated to simdry per- sons. At EUacot dwelt a gentleman of the name ; the daughter and heir of which family was married to Prideaux of Soldon. Burnbery, or Bur- neby, long and yet possessed by a generous tribe of the same denomination. His father married Tottle : his grandfather. Pollard. At Hean, in Stowford parish, these two streams are made one. This was long possessed by one of the same name ; and was, by an heir general, made the inheritance of WiUiam Harris, sergeant-at-law, and of great know- ledge and sufficiency therein. Near unto it is Stone, which came also to the name of Harris by the heir of Stone. By such matches and good fru- gality of a younger brother, he is made equal in estate to most elder bro- thers of this country. He married Windham : his father, the daughter and heir of the family of Davils: and his grandfather, Grevil of Beauchamp-Court in Warwickshire : his son married Cordelia, one of the daughters of the Lord Mohun of Boconock in Cornwall : his son. Sir Arthur Harris, ba- ronet, the daughter of Sir William Turner of London ; who dying without issue, the estate fell to the next kindred, Harris of Cornwall. The other branch of this river comes from Wike-Langford, anciently Wike St. German, in memory of that reverend man who was one of the chief of the clergy that happily confuted the venemous Pelagian Heresy, which often (like the heads of the serpent Hydra cut off,) budded and grew up again in this kingdom. Robert de Albomari held Wike at the Conquest ; which Ulverton, a free-woman, was formerly possessed of : in after ages Langford held it. But South- Wike therein was held by Kelly; and the Prior of Frithelstock held other land there. We pass by Broadwoodwiger ; the name compounded of a wood that was large and broad,' 'aniTthe landlord Wiger ; who left his name also at some other places. Nigel held tliis under the Conqueror. The Abbot of ^64 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. Frithelstock held the manor and barton ; after the dissolution of which pri- ory it was given to Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle. Moore Mallet belonged to the Knights of Jerusalem ; but is now the inheritance of a very hopeful gentleman, Dennis RoUe, esq. In this church is a fair monument for WiUiam Shilston, whereon is his representation curiously cut, armed cap-a-pie, without any superscription. Upon a stone laid upon Arthur Dinham, who inhabited Uppecot, in this parish, is this epitaph, — " My corpse here lies, my soul heavens keep, Till the angels cry ' break oflf thy sleep.* " With many escutcheons of arms. There is Wortham, that gave name to a family of much respect ; by a daughter of which it descended to the ancient family of DjTiant, now Din- ham, which remains flourishing in this age. He married Tremayn : his fa- ther ArundeU : his grandfather, Bifield. His daughter and heir brought it to John Harris : (whose father was a younger brother of the house of Hayn, and lived in Cornwall : whose son married Hancock of Comb-Martin ; whose aunt, the wife of Chichester, and daughter and heir of Newcourt, gave them PickweU. Our river hath here a benevolence from St. Stephens in Cornwall, where- by well augmented it visiteth Dunterton, the manor whereof belonged to the Abbey of Tavistock. Here also Sir Rogerus de Trelosk, knight, held land, and the Lord Dinham, now Clowborough. Milton, with the addition of Abbot, shows that the Abbey of Tavistock had ri^ht unto it. "' - - ~" - - - * Davers-Week : which Week belonged unto an ancient knight of the fa- mily of Davers, or Danvers, or Danvirs. Brentor, de alto situ. A very high hill whereon is placed the church ; and being a near neighbour to Dartmoor, stands subject to the violent blast of all winds and storms. It is of such height that there are many steps to ascend the church-yard on the one side, and yet very plain on the other side. The name of Tor (as is formerly said,) is used for a high hill like unto a tower : so if I should call it Frog- Hill, I cannot but think you would smile ; yet brent, in the ancient British speech, is a frog : or to take it from brent's other signification, which is a loud or a shrill voice ; it might Chap. V.] view of dbvonshire. 3(35 be so called of the shrill sounding winds, which many times are so loud as the minister's voice cannot be heard be it never so brent.* This belonged to Tavistock Abbey also, and now w^ith that to the noble Earl of Bedford. The next place we come unto is Beer-Ferrers, where we shall have a large subsidy from the river Tavy; of w&ich a fair though brown swan Mr. William Browne, the poet, hath lately sung so sweet a note, as it hath caused moreTafge and portable rivers to envy the glory and renown of it; whose most elegant and sweet pastorals have much honoured his country. CHAPTER V. Of the progress of the River Tavy, and of the Borough and Abbey of Tavistock. The river Tavy fetcheth his spring from a full magazine of waters and fountains, our continual supplier, Dartmoor ; and even in his infancy, while he is very little, nameth the like parish of Tavy ; which to be known from another hath the adjunct of St. Peter. Here Foliot anciently, and Fountain lately, were seized of lands. Next is Mary-Tavy : Tavy dedicated to the Virgin of virgins ; for every church and chapelhad his peculiar saint, to whose protection it was conse- crated. Johannes Damerel was possessed of land herein. Tavyton, or Tavy-Town, I take to be a hamlet in Tavistock, and hath nameoTlh'e river also. I name it with the more respect for that Githa, the daughter of Duke Wolfe, and sister to Sweyne, the younger. King of Den- mark, and mother to the unfortunate Harold, some while King of England, was possessed hereof; after, with Tavistock, it came to the Earl of Bedford. Also at * Here our author is manifestly incorrect in his etymology. The abundance of scoriae around Brentor, or Burnt Hill, testify to its being an extinct volcano. Its elevation above the sea is IlOU feet : and its church perched on the apex of the Tor is designated by Pope Celestine HI., shortly after the conquest, as " Sancti Michaelis de llupe." The present edifice was dedicated by Bishop Stapeldon on 4th Dec, 1319. From its exposed situation the edifice is low — strength, rather than ornamental architecture, must recommend it to the visitor.— G. O., — P. J. 3a / 366 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE, [BoOK V, Shilslestor, Herbertus de Combe was possessed of certain lands. Also Rogerus de Norleigh held lands in Norlegh. Now, after a long, cold, and tedious journey, it were good to refresh our- selves and take comfort of some good town. These country walks yield not such occasion of pleasant discourses as cities and towns, nor such vari- ety of matter; without which our journey will be wearisome. — If twice or thrice one and the same we bring, 'Tis tedious; however sweet we sing. Lo ! here at hand is the town of Tavistock. This parish with Milton and Brentor make a httle hundred. The Antiquity and Description of Tavistock, and the Abbey there. Tavistock, an ancient borough, hath denomination from the river : a place in former times of great note and fame, especially in the time of King Ed- o-ar. ( I speak of 650 years since, when dukes and earls were officers, and not only hereditary honours.) Then Odogarus, or Orgarus, was Duke of this Shire of Devon. This duke had one only daughter, (the paragon of her sex and wonder of nature,) beauteous Elfrida ; of whose superexcellent rarities, both by nature and education, fame's lavish report sounded so loud and largely in these western parts, that the echo thereof was heard at King Edgar's court : and the king's ears never shut to such rumours, received this report not without admiration : yet somewhat doubting of ttie truth thereof, sent secretly a favourite of his, Ethelwold, Earl of East-Anglia, (who was a skilful lapidary and could judge sufficiently of such jewels, and was not ignorant of his sovereign's diet,) to see this pearl; that if she were so orient as report made her, she should be seized on for the king's own wearing. This jolly young earl posted into Devonshire and guest- wise visited the duke at his court at Tavistock ; but beholding the young lady, he found fame rather a sparing niggard than a lavish reporter of her excellencies; and was instantly so ravished therewith, that he utterly forgot his sovereign's commission and wooed for himself: and recei^nng, perchance, no unkind answer, returned to the king, to whom he made known that the lady was only a seemingly woman, and in those remote parts thought fair, but the court yielded many far her superiors, more worthy by many degrees to be his queen and bedfellow. * Chap, V.] view of Devonshire. 367 Edgar mistrusting no such false play of his minion, slightly passed away the remembrance of Elfrida, and riveted his affections the surer elsewhere ; and after this rumour somewhat ceased, the earl petitioned the king's favour in his behalf, that he might obtain the duke's daughter, only for the ad- vancement of liis fortune, as likely to be her father's heir, (though he had a son then Uving, as shall be shown hereafter,) or at least to have a large portion. The king, little thinking of his favourite's dishonesty, yielded to his request, and commended him in his letters to the duke, so that he ob- tained his love and lady, and a happy man was he. But fortune can never stand steady; for prattling fame could not but be prating and reporting again of the excellencies of this rare paragon, and a fresh western wind sounded it aloud in the king's ear that she was, as Sir Geoffry said, — " Like PhoeLus that above the stars doth shine, It seem'd that she was made in mould divine." This augmented by the number of reporters, and every hour iterated and re- iterated in the court, so that there was no talk but of the happy fortune of Earl Ethelwold, in having obtained a lady of so high parentage, great por- tion, but especially of such admirable beauty, the king began to mistrust some false play, and being of nature apt to be inflamed with such sparks, took fire presently, and could not admit delays, but see her he would ; yet remembering the hard penance he was enjoined for Elthelfleda the White, Wolflied the Nun, and some other, he passed it over as he might for a time as not thought on, until summer was come; when under pretence of a hunting journey he comes to Exeter, and invites himself to Tavistock to hunt in the forest, (and perchance in his private park,) to the no little joy of the good old duke, and grace of his servant the earl. But Ethelwold, whom it most concerned, began to meditate upon this the king's progress ; and calling to mind how unkindly and unhonestly he had dealt with him, began to mistrust that this journey was only made for to lay a bait to catch his beloved wife ; and therefore set his wits on work as well to prevent the king in this as in his former pretence he had cunningly done. He thinks of many subtle and cunning devices, but in fine made choice of the very worst, for so it proved, and thus it was :— He tells his lady that the king hath written him that he intends to visit •368 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. them ; which kindness of his sovereign might, perchance, bring some ill event, if she with her wisdom did not prevent it, which he desireth her ear- nestly to do ; and she in simplicity of mind, little thinking how the case stood, religiously promised him ; whereupon he revealed unto her the whole truth ; how in his employment by the king he had wronged her beauty, deceived his sovereign, and now endangered his life if she were not propi- tious unto him and prevent it ; which how to do he began to advise her in this sort : with a long and serious discourse he told her that the most rich dia- mond rough and unpolished, yielded no sparkle ; the gold unpolished, no lustre ; nor the sun eclipsed, any beams : so beauty and comely features meanly clad, and not adorned with curious attire and dressing, would be slightly regarded and not gazed on with a fixed eye : therefore to prevent his wreck, he desired her, as much as feminine wit could invent, (which is dull in this, though sharp and quick enough on the other part,) she should eclipse her rare beauty and obscure the lustre thereof by any means what- soever ; for that the king was apt to be warmed by a smaller heat than the beams of her splendent beauty: "and we are commanded (said he) to shun aU occasions of evil whatsoever ; and herein lies my ruin and utter confusi- on, if your wisdom prevent it not : palliate therefore and mask your rarities under some scarf of carelessness, or some veil of deformity, from his lavish looks, soon to be entangled in such a net; for the fairest face soon draws the gaze, and often many attempts and sometime conclusions, to the clean overthrow of fame, body, and soul." And hereof, it is said, he rehearsed her many examples out of poets and historiographers, and some out of the divine history ; not concealing the king's various mutabi- lity in his love ; not long contented either with sacred Wolflied, Ethelfleda the White, nor the Andover Lass ; all which, when his lust was satisfied, he most shamefully repudiated ; which should be strong and prevailing mo- tives to all beauteous and virtuous ladies not to value their honour at so base a rate as a long and, perchance, present repentance. " Yet think not, sweet lady" quoth Ethelwold, " that thy husband hath any spark of jealousy in him, or mistrust of thy virtuous constancy; but only to forewarn thee, being young, that the old hunter is skilful in choice, and master of skill in venery ; and a difficult matter it will be to resist his assaults if he once attempt :" and so with many other like persuasions, and a kind kiss, he leaves her ; nothing doubting but he had won his lady to Chap. V.] view of Devonshire. 369 what he desired, especially having promised so fairly and with firm pro- testation. But Elfrida thus left to herself and alone was possessed presently with many cogitations of divers natures. First, thinking seriously of her husband's sermon and what shame (besides the great offence committed,) that might succeed thereof, she absolutely purposed to follow his direction and rehgi- ous counsel, and no way to wrong him ; but that word, wrong, was no sooner out of her mouth hut she began to repeat it : " wrong !" quoth she, " why what wrong shall I do him to repay him with lex talionis.'' hath he not more devdishly wronged me to make me only a poor countess, that might have been queen of countesses ? Hath he not also highly wronged his sovereign ? to whom he is not only obliged by oath, but for all his former honour and preferments. He forewarns me of treachery, yet shows me his own example therein, wherein he hath transgressed more than possibly I can : his precepts and instances are only for his own private good; nothing for my honour, profit, or advancement : and shall I, to give him content, so grievously offend my God to deface (so much as in me lies) the admirable image of his excellent workmanship in my excellent beauty ? No : let it be said of me as of Medea, — ■ ' Video meliora proboque, Deteriora sequor :* I know the best and do approve it: But do the worst, for that I love it : And yet this cannot be rightly appUed to me ; for have I not the example of Judith, that holy and renowned virtuous lady, who decked herself in the supremest degree of art, when she went to the tent of Holofernes : and shall not I adorn and beautify myseh", being to be visited by a more worthy king than Holofernes' master } and that holy woman Sarah, was never persuaded by Abraham, her husband ; neither did she vilify her beauty, the only or- nament and desired thing of woman ; neither will I, come what will." And thus resolving as a right woman, she retired into her closet and leaves nothing undone that either art or help of new fashion or jewels coidd do to make herself more precious in the king's sight, and in this sort goes forth to welcome the king, which by this time was come ; who at the first glance was no less enchanted therewith than if with the sight of Medusa's 370 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. head he had been transformed to a stone ; for with such fair obeisance and seemly sweet grace she received him, that he rather thought her an angel than a mortal creature. — "As fair as she that made a husband's jar, Raising 'twixt Greece and Troy a tea years' war." As Ovid saith. So dissembling his violent passions with his wonted careless countenance in show, he passed the night as contentedly as a man in his case could ; only the next day he entreated the Earl's company a hunting at Welverly, (now called Horswood, or Horewood,) where the earl was slain ; (casually, as some said, with an arrow ; but as others, by the king himself with a ja- velin ;) and shortly after he took the fair Elfrida to wife, by whom he had two sons ; Edmund, that lived not long ; and Ethehed, that was (after his half-brother Edward, surnamed The Martyr,) king and monarch of this land. All writers agree of the truth of this history, but differ somewhat in the orthography of the name: for Polidore nameth him Horgerius, who had a son named Ordolph ; who, admonished by a vision from heaven about the year of our redemption, 961, builded an abbey here in honour of the Blessed Virgin St. Mary, and St. Rumon replenishing it with Black Monks of the order of St. Benedict. You shall have the description of it by WiUiam of Malmsbury ; which never gave more commendation to this county than it justly deserved, and that with a sparing niggardly pen. " Pleasant," saith he, " it is in regard of the woods and groves standing so conveniently about it, and for the plenteous fishing there ; for the sewers from the river passing down along by the houses of office which run with such force of their own, that they carry away with them all the superfluity they find. St. Rumon is much spoken of there, who hes as a bishop, with as great honour as St. Ordolph their founder. " There is also to be seen," saith the same author, " in the same abbey the sepulchre of the Duke Orgarus, before named. And the huge bigness of his son Ordolph's tomb is thought to be a rare thing well worth the view, for he was a man of mighty stature, giant-hke, and of exceeding great strength, as who was able to burst in sunder the bars of great gates, and to stride over the river there where it was ten feet broad." So much from him. But this abbey had scarcely stood thirty years after it was finished ere Chap. V.] view of Devonshire. 371 the cruel Danes, in their spoiling rage, ranging the seas, arrived in the mouth of Tamar-water, and sparing neither house nor church, consumed this monastery to the ground. Yet it again revived and flourished, and by a laudable ordinance lectures were read there of our ancient language, ( I mean the English-Saxon tongue,) which continued even to our grand- fathers' days; doubting lest the history, laws, and antiquities written in that language (a thing now almost come to pass,) should be either forgotten or not understood. In process of time this abbot, endowed (by the pious charity of that age,) with large possessions, (which at the fatal ruin there- of was, besides the jurisdiction of the whole hundred, to the value of £902. 5s. 7d. ob. qu. and therewith made rich,) grew (as most men do,) proud, that by great gifts he obtained a mitre and was made Baron of Hurd- wick and a member of the higher house of parliament ; and in his later time feai'ed not to contend with Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter ; who dying in the time of this contestation, was excommunicated, and his executors were enforced to sue to the court of Rome, to the pope himself, for a release, ere he could be interred. This borough hath coinage of tin and keeping of monthly courts for stan- nary causes, and hath a market much frequented each Friday, where much cloth is sold ; and four fairs yearly, on the Feast of St. Michael, the Epi- phany, the Day of St. Mark, and the Decollation of St. John. At the west end of the town there is (as I am informed,) a hospital erected by the ancestors of the Tremayns, in the reign of King Richard II., dedicated to the memory of St. George. In this parish stands Fitzford, to which the family of Fitz, of respected estimation, gave the addition to Ford. They Uved long there in great re- putation; but the male line ended in these our days in a most unfortunate gentleman. Sir, John ; whose sole daughter and heir was, according to her worth, highly married into honourable houses : first, to Sir Alan Percy, sixth son to Henry, Earl of Northumberland, who died sans issue; secondly, to Thomas, son and heir apparent to Thomas, Lord Darcy of Chiche, now Viscount Colchester, who died also without issue ; thirdly, to Sir Charles Howard, fourth son of Thomas, Earl of Suffolk, by whom she had two daughters, Elizabeth and Mary, and one son who died without issue ; and now, fourthly, to Sir Richard Grenvile, grandchild to that famous martialist. Sir Richard Grenvile, knight, by whom she hath fair issue, which she cast 372 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V- off refusing to own them. Sir John married Courtenay: his father, Syden- ham : his grandfather, Grenvile. This lady Grenvile before her death set- tled Fitzford on the honourable Sir WiUiam Courtenay of Powderham Cas- tle ; and it is now the habitation of his second son. Here is also a family deserving a due remembrance, Sir Francis Glanvile, knight, whose father was a learned lawyer, very well p^cttSM thereihrand called to the degree of a sergeant. At this call there were two more of this county ; in all three ; Drew, Glanvile, and Harris. Of whom I re- member in my youth T have tieard this pfdverb commonly spoken : one gained as much as the other two ; one spent as much as the other two ; and one gave as much as the other two : but how to distinguish them and give every one of them his right herein I freely and truly confess it surpasseth my knowledge. Herbertus de Combe held lands here in Shytelescomb of Wido de Brite- vile. All these lands in Tavistock were given, at the suppression, unto John Lord RusseU, Lord Privy Seal ; after. Earl of Bedford, Lord Lieute- nant of this County and City of Exeter. CHAPTER VI. Of the progress of the Tamar to the town of Plymouth by Buckland, Beer, Tamerton, &;c. We have at length cleared us of this good town, whose good entertain- ment retained us longer than ordinary ; we shall therefore make the more speed and pass with the river even below Harowbrid^e, where we encounter a rill that comes from our continual supplier, Darttnoor; which after it hath left, or rather which passeth by, Whitechurch, a colour so called as being, perchance, all whited through- out ■mtinime. Here Robertus de Dynant held land in the time of Edward L; after, Giffard : and in Henry IV. 's age Wilham Were ; who granted lands unto John Knith under his seal circumscribed with his name, Sigil- ]nm Willielnni Were, Chap VI.] view of Devonshire. 373 Then leaving Sampford Spiny, or de Spineto, taking name, perchance, of the abundance of thorns, and giving the Uke to a generous family, Geraldus de Spineto Gerard Thorn. Now, as I am informed, it is enjoyed by Baro- net Drake of Buckland. ~-— ~ These two rivers united come presently to Buckland ; for distinction sake having tlie^ailjunct oiTTorth. Here are divers parishes of this name, alias Bockland ; which that they should take name as held by Book or Charter, as one very earnestly persuaded me, I cannot applaud ; but rather from beech trees, or, as other wUl, of birch trees ; either of which is far more probable : but whether of them we will not argue, for we are presently At another Buckland, named Monachorum ; for that here the Lady Ami- cia, Counfcss" of nevoii7XdaugHer lo*1jTrbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford,) wife to Baldwin, fourth of that name Earl of Devon, laid the foundation of a Monastery of White Monks of the Cistercian Order ; which was confirmed (with all the large lands and advowsons,) by King Edward I., 1278; which stood firm and strong for some 270 years, untU the general earthquake overthrew all such structures. That was valued at £24 1 . 16s. 9f d. Then was it the possessions of Grenvile ; now of Drake and Crymes. Of a place in this parish, called Roborough, is the whole hundred named, which containeth eighteen parishes. Warlegh, where Sir Ralph Gorges was long since seated. A female heir oT'wEich family yielded it to Bonvile ; and his niece brought it, with other large inheritance, to Copleston. It is situate conveniently for profit and pleasure, by land and water; which hath withdrawn the possessor from a rich place of his name to inhabit here. Now are we come to ancient Byr, now Beer, with the addition of the Lord Ferrers. Roger de Ferrers had a castle and fair house here iii theTime'of EdwarJi. The daughter and heir of Sir Martin brought it to Alexander Champernoun. Blanch, the daughter and heir of his son John, yielded it, with other large possessions, to Sir Roger Willoughby ; whose son was, by King Henry VII., advanced to the dignity of a baron, by the name of Lord Brook. But this family fading in the very blossom, soon came to his pe- riod : for having only one son, which bore the father's name, whose son, Edward, died before his father ; lea\'ing, by his first wife, one only daugh- ter, married to Sir Fulk Grevile ; and by a second wife, two daughters, by whom a large inheritance and rich estate came to Pawlett, Marquis of Win- 3b 374 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK V, Chester ; and Blunt, Lord Mountjoy. In the issue of the last of them it continues in this age. In this parish is Ley, the ancient inheritance of the dignous family of Ley; whence it may be they took name, at least the first degree of honour; for hereof Sir James Ley, knight, attorney of the court of wards, lord chief justice, lord high treasurer of England, was made Baron Ley, of Ley ; and after, by our sovereign, created Earl of Marlborough. A law-giver in the chiefest seat of justice, and a careful preserver of reverend antiquity : whose noble thoughts were so grounded on virtue, and his discourses so accom- panied with wisdom, and his doom with integrity, that his words never bite, nor his deeds wi-ong any man, to give him just cause to complain. Tamerton, or Tamefxs-town, as of his site upon the river and foliot of his ancient inhabitant Foliot. Gorges had it by the general heir, and so from and by Bonvile to Copleston. ^,In this_p.arish lyeth Warlegh. We are to pass l^udocshead, or Butshead, and HOjv St. Budeaux. A generous family of the same denomination possessed it many agesfwhereof Thomas was sheriff 26th Henry VI. Now enjoyed by Gorges, by a daugh- ter of the house. The parish church stood sometime in an unhealthy val- ley, or damp, near the sea, in the remotest part of the whole parish; which Robert Budocshead, esq., removed, or rather erected another new, in a much more salubrious convenient place, at his own proper cost, in a higher and pleasanter ground; wherein his-own daughter took the first possession. Here dwelt Warwick, whose sole daughter and heir was married to Sir John Hele, sergeant-at-law. So his eldest son. Sir Warwick Hele, bore the name of both houses. Eggebuckland, Eke, or Ekisbockland. Here Gifford was seized of land; and"at~Ebbmgford (of a passabTe ford at the sea's ebb,) dwelled Richard Whytlegh, alias Witelegh ; sheriff of this county 9th Edward III. The two heirs are married to Grenvile and Halse. The last whereof possesses this place by the name of Halse of Efford. [The last of the name alienated it from his uncle's issue male, and settled it on his sisters ; one of which hath brought it to Trelawny her husband, a younger brother of Sir Jona- than, Lord Bishop of Exeter, who is a colonel of foot, under King Wil- liam, in Flanders, and inhabits here.] The hamlets of Colridge and Langham in this parish make a tithing, the inheritance of Carew of Haccomb ; and Nicholas Le Bastard held lands here. Chap. VI.] view of dkvonshire. 375 Byckley, alias Buckley, is not to be neglected, although we had almost passenFunseenT The Abbot of Buckland held it, together with Buckland and Walkhampton, in the reign of Edward III. In King Edward I.'s time I read of Sir William and Sir John Bicklegh ; but whether of this place, or of Bicklegh by Tiverton, or of both, I say not. Stoke-Damerel, of the possessor. Henry I. eni-iched that family by giv- ing much fair lands in this county to Galfridus de Albamara. John Da- merle was sheriff here 48th Edward III. And by a match it came to the ancestor of Sir Thomas Wise, who hath built there a fair house, naming it Mount Wise. On the Cornish side we pass Saltash, Villa de Esse, Essas-town ; taking his saltness from his near neigEbbur the sea. Also" tTie~rixiiied castle of Tremington. What time hath left standing is as thick and sti'ongly tapes- tried with ivy-leaves, as ever it was in the duke's time with arras : this being one of the four palaces. We will take a siffht of some places on the west side of the river belong- .-,{ ing unto us, and only name them to continue IHereal possession of them, Vf but no?"sfay aTmlnulg.'''^''^'''^™"''*' Milbrook, a little village that furnisheth the royal navy with as many /, good~mairmers as any of that quantity. Inswork, a demi-island, in the ^ neck whereof standeth an ancient house of CETampernoun. ( By the heir of Ralph de Valletorta, or Vawtor, which descended to the three heirs he had by the daughter and coheir of Sir Humphrey Talbot ; and they therewith enriched the three much esteemed houses of Fortescue, Munk, and Syden- ham.) [ It should be Trevilian.] Make r, to which is added Meavy as sometime possessor thereof. The promontory of this land is called Ramehead, for the proportion which com- municated both names, and the same also for armories to a notable family that long time enjoyed it. From that to Valletort, then Grant, after Durn- R ford, and now to Edgcombe, a knightly family, who hath builded there a | very fair house for site, most pleasant ; for air, healthy ; for prospect, ex- cellent, for it overlooks St. Nicholas Island, Plymouth, Saltash, Milbrook, Stonehouse, &c.: and as it feeds the eye with variety of delightful objects, with much pleasure and recreation, so hath it rich means to do the like to i the stomach to satisfaction's contentment; and so report saith it doth. This I 376 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [Book V. structure he named Mount Edgcombe. The now possessor married both Gary and Cothele : his father, Lutterel : his predecessor, Tregian. He possesseth also Stonehouse : between which there is an ordinary ferry called Crimwell-passage ; fearful, though not very dangerous, in stormy weather."'"" ^"'" -^' — '~" ^-— ~ ^.- - - „.— -^ 'TThus have I passed over these transmarine places briefly, only for a re- membrance that they are members of this couhtyT oT^aceTof llefe^ and offence. I will not enlarge one word, being already^^ excellehtlywell per- formed by a far more judicious and learned pen in the Survey of Cornwall. CHAPTER VH. Of Plymouth : and therein of Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins. And now are we ready to enter the fair town of Plymouth, at the most south-M^est lip of this province. Here Tamar, in finishing his course, is to pay his tribute, and emptyeth himself into the ocean ; and coming from Hartland, hath measured the breadth of this country, and finds it by direct line and our ancient computation 35 miles at the least ; but by the new measure, more ; and to follow him in his pleasant vagaries, either for his own ease or the country's profit, he hath doubled the measure : now will we cast anchor and take a view of this famous haven. The Name, Situation, and Description of Plymouth. This so much renowned town is situated in the most south-west part of this province ; which by the river Tamar on the west, and Plym (of whom it borroweth name,) on the east, is demi-insulated. But concerning the . name, while the West Saxon Kingdom kept his state, this haven was called I Ostium Tamaris, Tamar-mouth, or Tamar-worth ; as you may read in the ll^ hfe of St. Indractus. And in this river's commendation Alexander Necham If thus versified : — " Leogriae Tamaris divisor Cornubiseque, Indigenas ditat pinguibus Isiciis." Chap, VII.J view of dkvonshire. 377 Tamar thai logres doth divide from Cornwall in the west, The neighbour-dwellers rich serves with salmon of the best. These two rivers united make it a most excellent and safe road for ship- ping, ari^ET^otatetHF opportunity of the first wind to set forth either east, westj'TJT north. TTw^'s^^ome time called Sutton, or South-town ; and being the land of Valletort, had that adjunct^Sutton-Varetortror Sutton- Vautor. In the days of Edward I. it was commonly called Sutton Prior, (at least a part thereof) that belonged to the Priory of Plimpton. These were but two poor fishing towns at first, and of little regard ; but when the conveniency of the harbour, the commodious situation, and plea- sant and salubrious habitation was vulgarly known, it enticed many to re- pair hither, and increased so suddenfy, that of two or three small villages was made, by conjunction of them, this one spacious, populous, and rich Plymouth . This is now the emporium of that part and all the country west from it ; and we find it very fvill replenished with inhabitants in the time of Henry IV.; for in his reign the Britons, under the leading of the Lord Duncastle and the Lord Marishal, burnt 1 600 houses, yet only part thereof was fired, which some call yet the Briton's side to this day; and the higher part thereof, which they call the Old TovraTrerhaineHTafe.''^ It hath been subject to many such invasions ; from which their valour, with God's assistance, hath dehvered them. Now by the continual repair hither from all parts of this kingdom and many other foreign nations, and their own brave adventures and industrious travels and trading, much enlarged, enriched, and beautified with more stately buildings. Their most ancient defence was a turreted castle, which some avouch to have been builded by Vaultor, lord thereof ; other some by some Bishop of Exeter, whose name (their evidence being burnt in the late ( I hope last) commotion, 1549,) nor time'tTiey know not ; yet by the arms engra\TTi In certain storit< appeareth, and that apparently, to be the struc- ture of Edmund Stafford, Lord Bishop of Exeter, and High Chancellor of England in the reign of Henry IV. In the very mouth of the haven stands the Island of St. Nicholas ; in form, lozenge-wise ; of quantity, some three acr'es7"whTcirrs strongly for- tified and carefully guarded ; and was a good protection for divers gentle- / \ 378 VIEW OF DKVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. men in the last insurrection. In the latter days of Queen Elizabeth it was better fortified with a strong citadel or castle, built upon the Haw, (so they call the hill that overtops the town, being a delightful wSTK^and pleasant 'l place of recreation and prospect,) which, with the town forces, is held a I sufficient protection and defence against all foreign invasions whatsoever. Fishing is a very commodious employment for many of this town, both at home on their own coasts, where they take sufficient to ease the price of victuals in their market, and send, by divers called j outers, into the inland countries with a profitable return ; as also in foreign parts : as this country doth in general ; whereby our country wants are sufficiently supplied, and the town hath provision to entertain and furnish the wants of such of our country or foreign friends that arrive here ; where you may very often number a hundred sail sometimes, often double the number ; and the royal navy hath been received here and supplied many times. Two weekly markets it has, Mondays and Fridays. The streets are fairly paved and kept clean and sweet, much refreshed by the fresh stream running through it plenteously to their greaT ease," pleSTsWe," and pf5flf; which was brought intothetowK'liy the skill ahff industrious labours of the' ever to be remembered with due' respect "ahd'Kbnm^^^^ Francis Drake, knight, who, when it was a dry town, fetching their water and drying their clotlies some mile therice, by a composition made with the magistracy, he brought in this fair' stream of fresh wafeFf'the coursfTTHere- of from the head is seven Tiiiles, bilt "by ind^&ting aha circling through hills, dales, and waste bogs, but with greatest labour and cost through a mighty rock generally supposed impossible to be pierced, at least thirty ; but in I this his undaunted spirit and bounty (like another Hannibal making way 3 through the unpassable alps,) had soon the victory, and finished it to the 1 great and continual commodity of the town and his own commendation. i But to leave a remembrance of this famous hero only for conveyance of water (which hath so much ennobled his native soil, and not that alone but [ the whole kingdom,) were an high ingratitude ; being to all navigators (as ^ the wise man sayeth in the 50th chap, of the son of Onias,) as the morning i star in a cloud, and as the moon when it is full, or as a fair cypress tree that I groweth up to the clouds, or a fair olive tree full of fruit. AH his first ac- I tions and navigations we will pass over with the only recital, as I His prosperous expedition with Capt. Carlile into the West Indies, 1585, D Chap. VII.] view of Devonshire. -379 in which, to set aside the surprising of St. Jago and Sant Domingo in His- paniola, as sudden attempts; yet the taking Carthagena (where the Spani- ards had notice of his coming,) was one of the most valourous, adventurous, and dangerous services and victories that can be remembered. Also, 1587, when in an expedition all along the sea coasts, with a small fleet be braved the Spaniards, and took, sunk, and fired 10,000 tons at least of their shipping even under the shelter and safety of their forts, and in the sight of their great admiral, the Marquis de Sancta Cruce. This, in a sol- dier's style, he termed the singing the King of Spain's beard. The sea-fight against that invincible (so termed ) Armada ; the only mi- | raculous victory of that age. Then the Portugal voyage. Leaving these, ^') I say, let us speak somewhat of his circumnavigation of the whole globe ; for having God for his guide, wisdom, skill, and valour for his associates, and fortune attendant, he was the second that circumpassed the earthly orb in less than three years : whereof one made these verses : — " Drake peragrati novit quem terminus orbis, Quemque semel mundi vidit ulerque polus; ^ Si taceant homines, facient te sidera notum, Sol nescit comitis immemor esse sui." Sir Drake, whom both ends of the world knew, Which he did compass round. And both the poles of heaven did view. Which north and south do bound. The stars in sky will spread thy fame If men here silent were ; The sun cannot forget the name Of his fellow-traveller. His worthy companion, both in life and death, may here justly challenge a far more excellent commemoration, for his noble attempts and famous adven- tures and actions, than I can possibly yield him : I mean Sir John Hawkins, knight : another glorious native of this country. His first voyage to the West Indies, 1561 ; his second to Nova Spania in America, and Guinea in Africa, 1564; again another, 1567, when he relieved the distressed French- men ; his ?ervice 1588; his last action with Sir Francis Drake: all these I have winded up in a clew, which, were they enlarged by a learned pen, or pencilled in some fair table, together with the magnanimous attempt of his 880 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. I dignous son, Sir Richard Hawkins, knight, would fill a large volume. To I these, had fortune been so propitious as their skill, virtue, and valour were eminent, they might have paralleled the most choice heroes of many former / ages. f I Why should I pass any well-deserving inhabitant of this town, especially I Mr. John Oxnam ; who by the report of an enemy, Lopez, a Spaniard, ad- ventured to do that no man durst do before him. Going over the land from Nombre de Dios to Panama was once possessed of 60,000 pound weight of gold and 100,000 of silver, and had not his company wrangled with him might have brought it home, and much more ; but variance overthrew his voyage with the loss of all their lives : 1575. It should seem that the vu-tue of fortitude and valour was predominant here in that age, for it shows many rich coins of her stamp ; but now many woidd be thought to wear her livery, yet do but httle service. Many other, in former and these ages, of worthy merit for their stout and hardy adventures, both by sea and land, might justly require to be here registered, as my desire was they should ; but envious fates have denied their memory to perpetuate, or to have hved by any former pen ; neither can I procure, by my best endeavour, knowledge of their names, to have entered them in this brief catalogue ; and therefore must rest in oblivion : for I am of Horace's opinion when he saith, — " Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona Urgentur, ignotique longa Multi, sed omnes illachrimabiles Nocte, carent quia vate sacro." Many for valour merited great fame Ere Agamemnon, yet lie obscure in grave, In dark oblivion ; nor honour we their name, For that no veise of poet they could have. In deep cogitation hereof I contemplate and seem to see divers noble captains, and many others well deserving of their countiy in other virtuous quahties, and to hear them expostulate with the poets and historiographers of their time, as the Neoteric Poet did when he wrote of the like in these words, — " Whom do I see out of the dark cloud appear Cover'd almost with clouds as with the night, That here present them with a martial cheer, Seeming of dreadful yet of lovely sight ? Chap. VII.] VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. 381 Whose eyes give courage, and whose brow hath fear, Both representing terror and delight ; And stays my course, and of my purpose breaks, And in upbraiding words thus fiercely speaks : — •' Ungrateful times ! that impiously neglect That worth that never time again shall show : What merit all our toil no more respect : Or else stands idleness asham'd to know Those wond'rous actions that do so object; Blame to the wantons, sin unto the slow : Can England see the best that she can boast Lie thus ungrac'd, undeck'd, and almost lost ? ! that our times had had some sacred wight Whose words as happy as our swords had been, To have prepar'd for us trophies aright Of undecaying frames, to have rested in Triumphant arches of per-durable might.' ! holy lines that such advantage win Upon the scythe of time in spite of years ! How blessed they that gain what never wears ! What is it, O ! to do, if what we do Shall perish near as soon as it is done ! What is that glory we attain unto With all our toil, if lost as soon as won ? O ! small requital for so great a do, Is this poor present breath ; a smoke soon gone; Or these dumb stones erected for our sake, Which formless heaps few stormy changes make." Come to myself again, having dreamed awhile, I crave a favourable cen- sure. Though I make tliis town to seem larger than you thought it to be ; whatever show it makes in description, it is far larger in fame, and known to the farthest and the most remote parts of the known world ; yea, and hath a son of its name placed in the new world, and flourisheth very hopefully. And it sometime had (which I had almost forgotten,) two pri- ories within it (though now with all their like demolished,) and furnished with Grey and Carmelite Friars. Here (saith Mr. Hall,) Prince Edward, named the Hlack Prince, landed with his prisoner, John, the French King, taken at tlic battle of Poictiers, 19th September, 1356. Here arrived the Lady Catherine, daughter to Ferdinand and Isabella, 3c 3^~ VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. I King and Queen of Spain, to be maz-ried to Prince Arthur, son and heir ap- I parent to King Henry VII., 1501. Hence the Right Noble George, Earl of Cumberland, set forth for many- voyages to the Indies. Hence Robert the famous Earl of Essex and the I High Admiral of worthy memory, Charles, Lord Howard, of Effingham, I set forth for Cadiz-Action, which for quick expedition might be compared I to a flash of hghtning, and they might have said with Csesar, " veni, vidi, I vici ;" for in fourteen hours the Spanish navy was taken or destroyed, and the city of Cadiz won, 21st June, 1596. The two famous generals, Norris and Drake, and in their company the Right Hon. Earl of Essex, went out of this harbour to re-establish Don Antonio in his kingdom of Portugal, when he was dispossessed by Philip, King of Spain, 1589. ; Also that potent man at sea. Sir Francis Drake, set forth from this port j in all his great actions. The hke did Sir John Hawkins ; his father, Wil- I liam ; and his son. Sir Richard. The Earl of Essex, his island action; Capt. Carlile, Sir Martin Forbisher, I Sir Walter Raleigh, and Sir Richard Grenvile made all their voyages from I this haven. Be patient, I beseech you, I am in a labyrinth, where I find many ways to proceed but not one to come forth ; and do not marvel, I was never in the town until this present : and I find it incorporated, first by King Henry VI., in the 20th year of his reign, 1441, by the name of a mayor, who is yearly chosen on St. Lambert's Day (17th Sep.) by the four-and-twenty, out of which number are the twelve senators elected, who are commonly with him I every Monday at his courts : during his mayoralty he is a justice of peace and I attended with three sergeants. In a word, I think it second to no town in England for worth every way : yea, it is so esteemed oflour neighbours the "Cornishmen, that they would, by a few slender reasons claim It Trom us as their own ; for, say they, the custom for that county is kept there for aU merchandize and sea aifairs ; also that the jurisdiction of the water doth wholly appertain to Cornwall, and therefore it must be of their county. But it is apparent by the bounds of King Athelstan, which is chiefly the river Tamar, beyond which we enjoy many places, as Petherwin, Maker, &c., but they none of our side. For the customs, the Prince, as he is Duke of Cornwall, may as well have his customs at his baronv of Bradninch, or else- Chap. VIII.] view of Devonshire. 383 where, as at Plymouth, if him please ; also all their subsidies, fifteenths, taxes, and payments are rated and collected by the officers of Devon. It is held also by their charter as within this county ; and they appear at the as- sizes held at the castle of Exeter for this province : and their clergy do an- swer before the Archdeacon of Totnes when he visits. We may not forget the delightful place called the Hoe ; a high hill standing between the town and the sea ; a veiy dehgKful place for pros- pect ahd"~piea^ant recreation, whereon there is an exceeding fair compass erecte^Tfbr the use of sailors ; and "here the townsmen pass their time of leisure in walking, bowling, and other pleasant pastimes : in the side where- \ of is cut out the portraiture of two men of the largest volume, yet the one ^ surpassing the other every way; each having a club in his hand : these they | name to be Corinseus and Gogmagog : intimating the Avrestling to be here \ between these two champions : and the steep rocky chff affording fit apti- % tude for such a cast. But this, of some, is supposed to be done at Dover Castle, and not here. Far be it from me to be a relator of cither's pretend- ed right, much less a pleader for either, but most unfit to be an umpire in such differences ; for both by divers persons may be true, or either or nei- ther, for any thing I find in authentical authors. But these pictures are here continually renewed by the townsmen, as I am informed. I am now in a manner gone hence, but that I remember there is a fair large spacious church, which sometime appertained to the Priory of Plymi)- ton7~who was'paf son here, and had also a vicar endowed herein. But since the dissolution of the priory the town hath purchased it, which they bestow upon the vicar, preacher, and other pious uses. CHAPTER VIII. Of the progress of the River Plym, and its issue as Plympton, Plymstock, 8(C. Here meets us the river Pl);m, and joining with our river Tamar without any contention for superiority : they are both drowned in the ocean. But nowin regard Plym had the prerogative to name this fair town, it were good r r 384 VIEW OF DEVONSHIKB. [BoOK V. we went to search for his original ; for without peradventure we may meet with some more of his adopted children in our way to whom he hath also imparted name. We hear news of him first at Walkhampton ; which I take to be that Walthams-town which the Abbot of Hiicinand held in the time of Edward 11. He leaves on the right hand Meavy church, in which, and in Good-a-Mea- vy and High Meavy, Richard de"Mevy, in the time of Henry III., tad fair p'ossessions : now in the hands of Strode, of whom elsewhete. """' On the leftside is Shepstor, alTas Shutstar, possessed by Elford, who married Gale, Copleston, and Northcote : his father, Crocker. Then Shave, or Shaugh, held sometime by Cii-encester, as also by the Prior of Plympton. Therein is Ley, the inheritance of the generous tribe of Slanning. This gentleman matched with Champernon; his father, Maynard; next before Harestone. Here Cornwood sends us a benevolence by a pretty brook, the rectory whereof belonged to the Cathedral Church of Exeter. Within it stands Slade, inhabited by a worshipful race of long continuance of the Coles — Sir "William Cole, knight, in the time of Edward I.; and Philip Cole, esq., high sheriiF of this county 8th Heniy IV.; Richard, the last of this house, built very fairly, and marrying with Boscoyne died without issue. His fa- ther married Williams; and his grandfather, Champernoun. Church-town, or Cornwood manor, was alienated to Belman, (transplanted out of West- morland, and lived here at Slade,) and by his son to Hele. Here is also Fardell and Lutton.* We are now come to the prime-named issue of our river Plympton, the capital seat of the barony of Rivers ; for to Richard, the son of Baldwin, Henry I. gave this lordship ; and for distinction sake from his sister Plymp- ton-Mary, hath the adjunct of Maurice. Before the conquest the kings of this land erected here a castle, and many gentlemen held thereof, chentali jure, bound to defend and repair the tun-ets of the walls from time to time as occasion required. The Rivers held it eight descents successively; and after them the Courtenays ; and now his coheirs. But it hath so long wrestled with age that it is hardly able to hold up any longer ; whose de- formed ruins inform us of our weakness and uncertain estate here, and may give us good admonition to reform our lives ; for * A Chapel was licensed at Fardell by Bishop Lacy for Elizabeth, the relict of John Ralegh, on 10th August, 1432.— G. O.,— P. J. Chap. VIII.] view of Devonshire. 385 If castles made of stone waste and decay, What surety is in vessels made of clay. This is one of the four places privileged for the coining of tin and keeping tin courts ; and hath a much frequented market every Saturday, and three fairs — at the Annunciation, Holy Thursday, and St. Luke's Day. In the reign of Edward II. there lived a regular canon, surnamed of this his birth- place Robert Plympton ; a man in those days much esteemed for his learning, and wrote much ; of whose books some are yet extant. In this parish I take to be Veal- Hall ; for I find Sir Peter Veal of Veal- Hall, knight, recorded to live in the first year of Richard II., and his predecessors long before. Plympton-Mary flourished by the bounty and pious work of Wilham Warel- wast, Bishop of JExeter, a Norman born, and chaplain to the Conqueror and his two sons ; who erected here a priory of canons-regular ; (at the sup- pression valued at £912. 12s. lO^d.;) where in his last days, that the afiairs of this life might not any way hinder his meditation, he (happy man!) se- questered himself, or rather separated himself, from his bishoprick and the world, and there ended his days. I know by some it is recorded to be the structure of Baldwin de Rivers, fourth (but third earl) of that christian name in the time of Henry III., who dedicated it to St. Peter and St. Paul, but he died so young as it will hardly agree with any hkeUhood ; but for the credit of the reporters I wUl say with Dido, — " Tros Tyriusve milii." At the surrender it was bestowed on Carew. The sheaf is possessed by Ferryman. In the tithing of Woodford, or Wedford, lies Burrington, a seat of the family of Parker ; which accrued to his father by tlie daughter and heir of Mayhow. Here, at Newnham, was the seat of a family of much respect of that name ; whose^dangtiter and coheir, many ages since, augmented herewith the inheritance of Strode ; which, joined with his own and the addition of Loughtor, which came to him by the match of a daughter and heir of the younger son of the honom'able house of the Courtenays of MoUand, is here fairly and richly seated. Of this family I find that in the time of King Ed- ward I. there was a herald sent into this county to summon divers gentle- men to serve the king in Scotland, and (inter ceteros) he returned one Adam Strode, as appeareth by the rolls of that king in the tower : Sir Wil- liam, that now is, as God gave him a rich issue of daughters : (as "weTl ias 386 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. sons :) so he hath matched them as richly with great choices : two to baro- nets, three to knights, and two to esquires not much inferior in estates. He married first, Southcot ; secondly, GlanvUe : his father, in the house of the Lord Cromwell by a sister of the Duke of Somerset : his son, Strode and Erie. At Saltern is seated S^,James Bag, knight ; and at Chidleworth, Snel- ling, who married Hele. At Underwood, on Midsummer- day, is a great fair, but the benefit comes to the mayoralty of Plympton-Maurice. The tithing of Heneverdon was / held by one of the same name,' and after by WUliam de Harwel. " ' Next with the river' we visit another near of the name, Plympstock, which derives its name from the river also, and was appertaining to the Abbey of Tavistock ; and how it was gotten remains yet, by tradition, this tale : — There was one named Childe, of this place, a man of fair possessions, who, having no issue, ordained by his testament that at what place soever he was interred, that church should inherit his land. It fortuned that ri- ding forth a hunting in a cold season, in the forest, he casually strayed from his company, and having also lost his way, in long seeking of both he was so benumbed at length with the cold that he was forced to kill his horse aud embowel him and creep into his belly, but that could not preserve him : frozen he was to death, and found dead by the men of Tavistock; who, with f all convenient speed, carried him to be buried in the abbey; which was not so privUy done but the inhabitants of his owti parish of Plympstock had in- telligence thereof, and so mustered their best strength to prevent the other, and came with a great multitude to the passage of the river, which of ne- cessity the Tavistock men must pass, or no where, as they thought, and there waited ; but they were deceived by a feat of guUe, for Tavistock inha- bitants builded presently a slight bridge over the river, and so without trou- ble buried the corpse and had the land ; and in remembrance of this guile, the bridge, even to this age, is called Guile-Bridge. This land is now the Earl of Bedford's. Radford, alias Redford, which taking name from the colour of the soU, is as if you shoiJd say, a passage oyer a. red earth; which is neither new nor strange, as hath been formerly expressed. Of this place was Walter us de Radford, in the time of King John : now in the possession of tTie^aiT- cient and notable family of Harris ; which tribe is spread into divers fair branches. The last of this house. Sir Christopher, married first, Arscot ; Chap. VIII.] vikw of Devonshire. 387 secondly, Sydenham; and thirdly, Southcot; yet died sans issue; leaving his estate, as by right of inheritance, to his sister's son, married in the same tribe and name, Harris, of Larest in Cornwall. Her son married the daughter and heir of Hert : liis son, the coheir of Johnson. Stottescombe tithing, which Britt was lord of, is now possessed by Wise. Near hereunto is a family of Bartlet, ahas Barkeley. Then are we in view of Wembury, which appertained to the Priory of Plympton; but at the dissolution it came to the illustrious name of Wryothes- ley. Earl of Southampton ; and from him purchased by Sir John Hele, knight, sergeant-at-law ; who added much to the fame and honour of this place, for of an old house he newly built a noble mansion ; for receipt, spaci- ous; for cost, sumptuous ; for site, salubrious; and for show, right beautiful. It is seated upon somewhat a high ground, so that the houses of office are all under it, ha\'ing a fair, large, and delightsome prospect both to land and sea. But leaving all other commodities at the strand under it, he made a fair, large, and profitable pond, with a mighty strong stone wall, and a very substantial gate to enclose it, which at every flood opens of itself, when the tide, at its coming in, bringeth with it all kinds of fish, as bass, mullet, plaice, ^d such like ; and when the tide returns, the ebb shutteth the gate again, and the fish is reserved and retained for the more bountiful provi- sion of the house. This pleasant and profitable work v/ould justly require a more ample des- cription, but that the hke is to be found most elegantly done in Carew's Survey of Cornwall, to which I refer him that desires to be better informed ofBie eitCetiency of this device. Sir John married the heir of Warwick: so his son, Sir Warwick, bore the name of both houses, with Courtenay; sans issue : his second brother. Sir Francis, with Rogers. Here also is the family of worshipful respect of Calmady . Sir Shilston Cal- mady married Copleston and Fortescue ; his f5tlief,'"the daughter and heir of a younger branch of the house of Courtenay of Powderham ; her grand- mother was the heir of Shilston, so he continueth the name also of both fa- milies ; and their dwelling is at Shilston, in the same parish. Poslinch is not far remoted ; which being the inheritance of William Mohun, his issue female enriched therewith Upton, who now possesseth it. He married Wray: his father, Kirkham : and before him. Bellew. 388 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. CHAPTER IX. The origin and progress of the River Yealm, his issue and neighbours. Feom the mouth of this fair haven where the south shore of the region beginneth, the country runs along with a large front to the promontory or cape of Stert ; in Latin, cauda ; in Dutch, a tail ; and so the EngUsh-Saxon word signifies. But ere we come to the other famous haven of Dartmouth, many rivers, which empty themselves into the sea, will be in "ouF'view : the first of them is Alme, or Yealm, which falls out at Yealm-mouth,'whose spring we cannot find*°unless'"we seek him in Dartmoor, who shows himself no niggard to supply these south parts with his water, but doeth it bountifully. This ri- ver passeth a long way through fenny, moorish, and coarse land, until it come near Corn wood, and then ghdes through and waters a far richer soil. In this parish (which I had almost forgotten,) is Fardel, that long continued the inheritance of Ralegh. John, of that family, married the daughter of Roger Damor}', Baron of Fermoy in Ireland ; whose wife was daughter to Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloster. Now is planted here a branch of Hele. Near unto the banks of this river stands Lyneham, with his little park, long possessed by the worthy name of Crocker. One of them served va- liantly in the time of Heniy VII. against Perkin Warbeck, a counterfeit, stiled Plantagenet, as being the second son of King Edward IV. by the Duchess of Burgundy, which being a daughter of the House of York, was an irreconcQeable enemy of the House of Lancaster. Another, if not the same, was sheriff of this county 2nd Henry VIII. This married Champemoun : his father, the daughter and heir of Bonvile : the grandsire, Servington's coheir. [His son, the daughter of Sir John and sister of Sir Courtenay Pole, of Shute, baronets : his son, Courtenay Crocker, esq., one of the daughters and coheirs of Richard HiUerson of Membland, unto whom she left issue, a daughter.] It stands in Yealmgton, and was the land of Ralph Mount Hermer, or de Monte HermernT At Bowdon springs a branch of Copleston : this married Davy : his fa- Chap. IX.] view of Devonshire. 389 ther, Fortescue : his predecessor, Fowel. This is a branch planted here by Walter, third son of John of Copleston. Kytly is inha])ited by Polston, alias PoUexfen. Thisriver in its couisg parts mos'f where iKe two hundreds of Ermington and Plympton commence ; so on either hand we must speak of what we find. Now come we to Brixton, which Johannes de Okeston held ; (of which family we shall have "Befter occasion to speak elsewhere ;) after Gilbertus Anghcus, or Gilbert English ; and Blackford. Spridleston, now Spurlston, where Rodulphus Spridle inhabited; but now one of the celebrated ancient family of Fortescue. Harleston, now Harestone : in the Conqueror's time Raynald held lands here; after, Colford in the time of Edward II.; now, and divers descents. Wood ; who married Southcot : his son, a coheir of Estcot : his father, Hillersdon. Fernhull was possessed by Nicholas de Fernhull. On the other hand is Holberton, where Hele inhabits, and was sheriff of this county 18th James I. ""He married Glanvile : his father. Strode : his grandfather, PoUexfen. But whether I shall affirm this to be Holbogiton, which Sir WiUiam Pruz, Dominus de Gidlegh, sometime owned, I know not; but for site I am induced to believe it. Membland is in this parish, which gave name to a generous tribe ; for / Walt5TTrs"^Mimeland, (for so it was written,) in former time, possessed it ; and now, and a long time, the generous family of Hillersdon, which was, 27th Henry III., possessed of a place of his own name in Torriiigton, and of the manor of Chittlehampton. They have matched in the best houses of this county ; last with Champernon : his father, Chudlegh : his son, Har- ris : [his grandson with ; whose two daughters and heirs matched Champernon of Modbury, who died sans issue; and Crocker of Lineham, who left him a daughter. He had a son that went into Ireland witli King James II., 1689, where he died without issue.] Then is Newton Ife]rr§rs, which derives his two names in this sort, one from the late or Hew habitation, in respect of some other towns near it, and the other from the possessor, Ferrers7"or, as other some will, from a feriy there by. The wrTtmg the first is most probable ; which was a family of large possessions and authority in these parts. The first that I have read of was the son of Wakeline, and came into England with William I.; and 3d 390 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK V. he, or his son Robert, was created, for his good service, Earl Ferrers, and his posterity afterward Earls of Derby. You shall have his epitapft; found in the Abbey of Tutbury : vou may chance to find more sense therein than I can : — " Hicjacet Henricus de Ferrariis comes, hujus Ecclesie fundator, imago nomine cujus Anno milleno Domini quater atque viceno Tutburieque novo domus est fundata patrono." They bare both one thing in charge of their arms, but differing both in number and colour; for the earl bare d'argent six ferres de cheval de sable ; and this knight, d'or sur le bend de sable trois ferres de cheval d'ar- gent. They gave their name, in addition to divers places; as this, Beer- Ferrers, Churchton-Ferrers, and others. Here is another branch of the fruitful race of Hele. He married : his father, Fortescue : his grandsire, the heir of Cole. CHAPTER X. The River Arme, fErmeJ and the progress thereof. Having ended with Alme, next we meet with Axme at Armouth, where he emptieth himself ; to finTwhose original we must retire to Dartmoor; which forest, out of his large and fruitful womb, fumisheth both north and south with rivers : and this our river, though in his small beginning be be lodged in a barren soil, such as will not yield to be improved by the husbandman's best endeavour, until he come to Harford ; which having passed with a soft current, he taketh great plea- sure "^"behold the fertility of the soil, the richest of this province, which for its fruitful glebe and luxurity thereof is distinguished from the other parts by the name of the South-Hams. Of which word itself I can gather little reason that it should intend a superiority of signifvdng more profitable, yet it glorieth in that name, as being super-eminent and surpassing the re- sidue of the soil. Harford, ahas Stoford, was, in elder times the lands of Peverel ; then of Chap. X,] view of dkvonshire. 391 Cole and Wood of Haston : in these days of Williams at Stoford : one oi which family, Thomas, for his wisdom and sufficiency in divers matters was chosen speaker of the parUament, 1563, in the reign of Queen EUzabeth. This gentleman married Edgcomb : his father, Drew : his grandfather, the coheir of Cruse : his son, Speccot. [The heir in direct line failing, it fell to a kinsman, by profession a weaver, who married Fowel of Fowels-Combe : his son Thomas, Drake of Ivybridge, (a younger branch of Buckland House,) by whom he left issue, a hopeful young gentleman aged 19.] Here he is crowned with a bridge named Ivy-bridge ; which that it takes denomination of that creeping tapestry wh§i-e#ith it is totally covered, I cannoTaver, but it is very probable. Joining whereunto lately was the seat of the only remainder of the noble house of the BonvUes. Near unto this at Woodland, Berrel, or Burel, inhabited : to both which names I find one single coat belonging : it stands in Holberton church, subscribed Thomas Burell ; and in St. Peter's of Exeter by the name of Woodland. I may conjecture that Woodland possesshig the place first, Burell marrying his daughter and enjoying his seat might also, for want of another, wear his old coat also. We are come to the fruitful fflebe of Ermington, the first-begotten of our river ; whose name he hath no sooner gotten out he imparteth it to the hun- dred, which containeth twelve parishes ; whereof the Peverels sometime, now Rouse, is lord, and of the manor. This land is naturally fruitful, but much improved by the multitude of good sand, with small charge, brought from the river's mouth. Within it is Edmerston, commonly Empston, whereof a tribe of that name took his original denomination, and held it long time, until the heir female of Tho- mas married to William le Rouse (the red,) possessed him and his posterity therewith. Strechley takes place in this parish, long possessed by the self- same nam- ed ancient family, even to our days ; when Christian, the sole daughter and heir of William, enriched therewith and advanced herself by matching with the dignous family of Chudlegh ; in which name it flourisheth. In some part of this manor, 1625, there fell from above ( I cannot say from heaven,) a stone of twenty-three pounds weight, with a great and fearful noise in falling : first it was heard like unto thunder, or rather to be thought the report of some great ordnance, cannon, or culverin ; and as it descended, so 392 VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. did the noise lessen, at last, when it came to the earth, to the height of the report of a peternel or pistol. It was, for matter, hke a stone singed, or half hurnt for lime : but being larger described by a richer wit, I will for- bear to enlarge on it. Here stands also Preston, (as one saith, nine priests-town,) or, as I think, Pruzton : for I find that John Fortescue, of Wimston, married the daughter and heir of that family ; and that worthy and numerous name inherits this place to this day. Langford Leyse, or Lestre, is a tithing in this parish : I think in Ubbo- row. The manor was held by Moelis, and after by Abbot ; and now, by one of his coheirs to WiUiam Risdon, esq. There borders on it Fleet, anciently written Fluit, with the addition of Damerel ; taken from tKeuTustrious family of Albamara, who lived here in the time of Richard I., Sir John Damerel, knight, was sheriff 48th Ed- ward III. This seat hath, according to the variable vicissitude of time, changed many possessors ; but now inhabited by Hele, of whom I spoke in Holberton, in which parish this house stands. We are now arrived at Modbury, written in the Saxon time Mortberry. If we shall speak either of multiplicity of ancient families, or fertility of soil, it yields to no one place of this shire. It hath been distinguished into Great and Little Modbury. Of the first we find most anciently Sir John de Okeston, who lived in the time of King John; to whom succeeded Sir Alexander and Sir James; two worthy knights, and both martial men. It now acknowledgeth itself to ap- pertain to the clarous family of Champernon : in old evidences, de Campo Arnulphi, vulgarly, Champernon. Some while since I remember there was showed me a deed, wherein one of the name gave himself these attributes : — Ego Richardus de Campo Arnulphi Rex Romanorum semper Augustus. At that time I slighted it,* which makes me ignorant of the reason of this so high a style, which he that desires to know, may as soon find as myself. The name was famous, and divers worthy men, and very numerous, in for- mer ages transplanted into divers places, as here, Umberlegh, Beer-Ferrers, Bigbury, Insworth, Tawton, Ilfi-acombe, and Dartington. The now pos- * On this Dean Lyttleton observes, " Whatever his reason was, he acted wisely in slighting a Deed with such preface." — G. O., — P. — J, Chap. X.] view of Devonshire. 393 sessor of this married : his father, Sir Arthur, a worthy commander in the wars in his time, the daughter and sole heir of Crockhorn : his uncle, * (who died sans issue,) Popham : his grandfather, Edgcombe. It hath two fairs, on St. George's and St. James' Day, and a market every Thursday, much fi-equented for divers commodities, and somewhat the more for that it is famous to have (and so indeed it hath) the nap- piest ale that can he dnmk. This is the ancient and peculiar drfnk of the^Bntons and Englishmen, andTthe wholesomest ; whereby many in elder timesTived 100 years ; (which long life, though Asclepiades ascribed to the coldness of the air, which keepeth in and preserveth natural heat in bodies, yet we know it is chiefly by this pure hquor ;) which being made into a huff-cap is held to be meat, drink, and cloth for warmth : whereunto nor | Derby ale, nor Webly ale in Herefordshire, nor St. Barnac's cows' thick milk in Braunton, our own country, may in any wise compare. Henry, of Avranches, proud by the favour of King Henry HI., and being accounted thereby an arch poet, might, by his pleasant wit in a merry vein, boldly jest at this our noble drink, when he wrote — "Nescio quid Stygiae monstrum conforme paludi Cervisiam plerique vocant; nil spissius ilia Dum bibitur, nil clarius est dum mingitur ; unde Constat quod multas foeces in ventre reliquit." Of this strong drink much like the Stygian lake, Most term it Ale, I know not what to make ; Folks drink it thick, and piss it passing thin, I Much dregs therefore must needs remain within. Yet Turnebus, a French physician, whom we may rather believe, proves it healthier than wine ; and so doth Sir Richard Hawkins, when in discourse of his long voyage he speaks of the cause of the calentura, or burning fe- ver, is more frequent than in former ages. And merry Michael, our Cornish poet, was somewhat tart and eager with him for disgracing our drink, and bobbed him home with these rhymes,— "Est tibi gamba capri, crus passeris, et latus apri, Os leporis, catuli nasus, dens et gena muli, Frons vetula;, tauri caput, et color undique mauri. His argumentis, quoenam est argutia mentis Q\iod non a monstro differs satis tibi monstro." 394 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. They should have spoken EngUsh, but they are so tart I could not translate * them. In this parish dwelleth, or lately did, the only remainder of the honoura- ble name of Challons ; very highly descended as deriving themselves from the great Earl of Challons, whose eldest son was Earl of St. Cyr; his second. Prince of Orange ; and the third came into these parts, when he matched very richly and flourished long. One of them was on the subsidy book in the time of King Henry VI., anno 14, 200£.; but the female heirs weakened it much. The last in our time was Henry Challons ; who having made three voyages for discovery of the north parts of Virginia and plantation of New England, in the fourth was most unfortunately taken, and most in- humanly treated by the Spaniards : related by John Stoneman, pilot in the ship, an inhabitant of Plymouth. At Yeamacombe is the seat of Hart, anciently written De la Hurte ; to which his armories allude. The first I find was Vincent Le Hurte, the now possessor, married Trobridge : his father, Bremel : his grandsire, Fortescue. Next neighbour unto it is the rich demesnes of Shilston ; in elder times possessed by a race of that name ; after, a long while, by HiU. Yet I find in the time of Edward I. Sir John Aishlegh of Shilston ; and before him, in the time of Henry III., Sir Richard Bauzan: but now lately ahenated to Sa- vary. Of some of these I shall have occasion to speak in another place ; only I will speak of Hill, that I find him at 120£. in the subsidy book, anno 14, Henry VI. Orcharton, as you would say Orchards-town, whose, sometime, (as they say J it was: but in the time of Henry HI., 1269, I find Sir Roger Prideaux de Orcharton ; which name continued there long in knightly de- gree. But the place now is passed to another tribe, and this name settled elsewhere in sundry places, in degree of knight, baronet ; of which in their places. It were blameworthy to leave Wimpston, alias Wymondsham, which hath bred so many worthy personages imremembered. Wimpston, the first seat of the clarous name of Fortescue in this kingdom. ( Which name, saith Mr. Hollenshed, is deduced from the strength of their shield, whereof it took name ; as if you would say (that I might explain it,) forte scutum, salus du- cum, his posy. There have been many famous and excellent men of this stirpe, both in arms and seat of justice, and separated into divers places in Chap. X.] view of Devonshire. 395 this county and elsewhere. In most of them they flourish in this age ; as Wear-Giffard, Fillegh, Buckland-Fillegh, Fallopit, Wood, Spurleston, Pres- ton, and other ; to rank which in their seniority, and by deUneating the de- scent, to give every man his due place, surpasseth, I freely confess, my abi- lity at the present ; I will therefore only make choice of a few, selected of a far greater troop, which I have found most illustrious. Sir Henry For- tescue, knight ; a worthy and fortunate commander under that terror of France and mirror of martialists. King Henry V., by whom he was made Governor of the great city of Meaux in Berry. Then another Sir Henry, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland ; of great estimation for his many virtues, but especially for his sincerity in his high place of tempting authority. Sir John, Lord Chief Justice of England from the 20th of Henry VI. to the end of his reign ; who, in that laborious vocation, spent not his vacant hours (that could not be many,) idly ; but, besides his continual employments, (which he discharged with rare wisdom and sincerity,) he penned a learned discourse of the laws of this land ; commending them to the hopeful prince, to infuse in him a desire to read and understand them. Sir Adrian and Sir John no less than three times sheriff of this county in the troublesome reign of Henry VII.: a prince that well knew how to make choice of fit men for his service. What shall I speak of Polisborn in Hereford, Fulborn in Essex, Sauldon in Buckinghamshire ; where Sir John Fortescue, that is- sued from this spring, a right honourable knight, hath builded a fair and lovely house : he that for his excellent learning both in Latin and Greek, and approved wisdom, was overseer of the hberal studies of Queen Eliza- beth, Master of her Wardrobe, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Duchy of Lancaster, and of the Privy-Council to Queen Ehzabeth of famous and pi- ous memory. I will enlarge no farther : Wimpston is lately alienated. We will visit others of the name when we meet them at their houses. [Wimpston was lately Champernon's; and about the year of our Lord 1690 sold to Jetson.] In the church I found the arms of Matthew : a race of good estimation in foregone times : now extinct. Great Modbury : (which I think seems greater unto you than it is :) how great soever we have passed ; and now we are to view the lesser. Little Modbury ; of which Sir Ralph de la Rouse (alias The Red,) was possessed in the time of Henry III. and Edward I., and his posterity ever since ; 896 VIEW OF DKVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. though his chief residence be now at Halton in Cornwall : a family of much antiquity and worth : of which Sir Robert le Rouse was Captain of Cher- burg in the reign of Richard II.; a vahant commander. The gentleman that now is married a daughter of the Baron of Truro : his father, Osborn; and his grandfather. Sir Anthony, Southcot ; who, by her mother, was sole coheir to Barnhouse. [ CHAPTER XI. Of Kingston, R'mgmore, Ugborough, and other places in our way to Kingsbridgc, and near those parts. Having thus got clear of Modbury, we come next to Kingston : happily the king's town : which in former times the kings of the West Saxons had in their own possession. Of this the eminent family of the Peverels were lords. The Conqueror, after his coming to this kingdom, had a natural son, named William Peverel, which was created Lord of Nottingham. Some branch of that line, for kindred sake, might have this in gift of some succeeding king : for there were two Sir Hughs, knights in the time of Henry III.; after, under Richard II., Sir Nigel Loring wrote himself of Kingston. At Wonwell is planted a branch of the generous family of Ashford. There also dwelled sometime Hert and Shepherd. Here is also now, I remember, a manor belonging to the Earl of Bath. Ringmoore, written also Reigne-Moore : whether it belonged to Reig- neys'^fliot, let them speak, that know. I am assured that Isabella de Fish- acre held lands in Redmore in the time of Edward II. Coasting the country eastward to shorten our course, we come to St. Michael's Island and Hope Bay, famous for fishing for pilchards. Here the river Aven disgorgeth itself into the sea ; and the first spruig whereof we shall flh^ih the purlieus of Dartmoor. And first it leaves Brent on the right hand ; which is a little market town, and hath two fairs* at Roodmas and Michaelmas. Now whether it be Brent, or Briants, Chap. XL] view of Devonshire. 397 as some will, and to give name to the honourable family of the Bryants, whereof Sir Guy de Bryant was one, created a baron in the time of Ed- ward III. I will not resolve : but now that it belongeth to a baron I will boldly speak, the Lord Petre of Writtle. On the left hand it leaves Dipford, alias Deep-ford, vadum profundum. Johannes de Moelis tenet terranPTfi Deep-ford. Now there is (as I take it) Newton at Croketon. (Crabbeton.)^ lri"TIiis is Bradley, which Adam and Robert de Bradley held in the age of Edward L: it is now the inheritance of Sture ; who married Hawkins : his father, Dennis ; [ his eldest son, Halse of EfFord ; without issue : his second son, Parnel of Grimston, in Halwel, (a daughter and heir,) who had Edmund Sture of Bradley, now living ; that by liis wife, a daughter of Savery of Marley, in Rattery parish, hath issue.] Ubborough, or Ugborough, is the parish wherein Alice de Mohun held land. Therein at Fowels^Combe is the seat of the family of Fowel, of much estimation and worth, which they have anciently possessed. Sir Edmund married a sister of the Lord Pawlet : his father Reynel : his grandfather, Summaster : [ his son. Sir John, a daughter of Sir John Chichester of Hall ; by whom he had issue. Sir John, that died in the flower of his age unmar- ried, and two daughters, married to Parker of Borringdon and Champernon of Dartington, who are coheirs to their brother. And Fowels-Combe being designed to Fowel of Blackball for want of due form of law in the convey- ance, it is now gone out of the name.] In this parish is also Bawcomb, or Beaucomb, possessed anciently by a stirpe of Uke denomination, (as fair or pleasant Combe,) Sir Robert Beau- combe, in the time of Henry III., and Sir Alan in the reign of Edward I.; but now, or lately, the generous tribe of Fountain : and at another of the same name lives Glass. At Barnshill lived the tribe of Barns for many descents, from whom hill took the addition of Barns : now Collins. Hewis, Huish, or HyAvish : of which name are two distinguished by north and souffiT "TiEe'linCiSnt inhabitants took thence their appellation. Sir WillTanijiywis de Hywis in the time of Henry III., and Sn- Richard in the age of Edward I. In North- Hy wish, at Whetcomb, dwelleth Prestwood, which he had by purchase ; having lived in this county but three descents ; but derives himself fi-om an ancient and worthy hneage in Worcestershire. 3e 398 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. He married Martin : his father, Strode ; his son, Southcot : [ his grandson, Izaac of Polslo; whose son married a daughter of Sir Gregory Huckmore of Buckland,] and flourisheth so well in this soil, that for matches and estate the best of the name in that county need not blush to acknowledge such a kinsman. Morley, or Moorley, which William de Morleigh sometime held ; and after Petrus de Fishacre and Walter Clavel, in Edward I.'s days. Woodley, or Woodland, a place stored with wood. There are many fa- mihes of these names in this countiy, whereof Woodland was generous; but to derive either from the place I cannot : for Johannes de Albemarle held it in King Edward I.'s days. LoddesweU, in Domesday Book Lodeswil : here Judael de Totton had two hides of the Conqueror's gift ; and in the time of Edward I. Sir Gilbert de Knovile. It is in the hundred of Stanborow, alias Stanburgh : which honour was then in the tenure of Roger de Moelis, and containeth nineteen parishes : in which. Hatch was held by Adam de Hatch. This hundred should seem to take name of some mihtary fort, some stony rampier or borough of stones thrown and heaped together. Cherstow, or Churchstow, is next : where, at Bowringsleigh, sometime inhabited Bowring ; now Webber, with an alias of Gilbert. East-AJUngton, ahas Aln-Wington or Aun-Wington, having the adjunct of east for distinction from another of the name with the addition of west ; wherein John de Raks held some land ; and also the family of Le Bastard, of whose original some will perchance imagine the worst : be it so : yet the Duke, with whom he came into England, disdained not the title : and of this family there have been divers worthy men ; as Sir Nicholas Le Bas- tard de Efford in this county, knight, and continueth in worshipful estate to this age ; and therefore I think this name to be given for some other cause; for Wisdom saith, ch. 4, v. 3. — "spuria vitulamina non agent radices altas;" which you see this doth and floui'isheth. [ Most of this belongeth, not to East, but to West-AUington.] West-AUington shall be next for the name sake, where Turgis possessed certain tenements ; and Webber, whom I have formerly remembered out of due place in Cherstow. In the tithing of WoUeston, ahas Ulsiston, Sir WiUiam Crispine, knight, held land. One of the coheirs of that tribe was espoused to Baldwin Le Bastard. Chap. XL] vikw of Devonshire. 399 Not far hence is Vallopitt, or Fallopitt, (in the parish of East-AUington,) the seat of another branch of the Fortescues. He mamed Rrideaux. "" Thurlestane, now written Thurlston, where Judael de Totton held lands and paiS after two hides ; after, Hugo de Ferrers and William de Chiver- stone. Now we are come to the little borough of Kingsbridge, where is a market Saturdays, and on St. Margaret's Day a fair. Here sometime dwelled Baker. South-Milton is a httle parish, where we will make as little stay. South-Hywish. Algarus tenet terrum in Hy^^^sh, in the Saxons' time : at the conquest, Ralph ; and after, Gilbert Fitzstephens. Malborough, or Malboro, wherein stands the castle of Ilton, which Sir Ralph Chiverston possessed in the time of Henry HI.; and in the reign of Edward HI., Sir John; of which name there were many knights in descent, and wrote themselves de Ilton. Now it acknowledgeth, and sometime hath for lord, the illustrious family of Courtenay of Powderham. This castle standeth on the river that comes from Dodbrook and falleth in at Salcomb. The manor of Badeston was held by Peter de Badeston, but in those lat- ter days by Davils. The daughter and heir of the eldest house was married to Harris of Hayne. On the right hand we see Auton, surnamed GifFard, of that ancient family that long possessed it ; but it "is anciently wTitten Avone-towTi, as situate on the river Avone. William le Pruz had good possessions here ; also the fa- mily of Honeychurch hath here his mansion-house. He married Lackin- ton, Norlegh, and Drake : his father, the coheir of Rowland : his grandsu-e, Fortescue. His daughter and heir brought it to Bruton. Heathfield in this parish, now possessed by Sture. Stodbury was the in- heritance of Sir Thomas Harris, knight. Bigbury stands aloft on a liigh hill, written anciently Bickaberry and Buclcaberry, that gave both name and habitation to a knightly tribe and of great reputation in their time. The male ended in Sir William Bickaberry, knight ; for his sole heir Ehzabeth, brought this, with other large posses- sions, to John Champemon of Beer-Ferrers ; who (as should seem) claimed more than was his own: for I find " Symon de Bradney, Ricardus de Treme- net, et Godefridus de LiefFe, Heredes propinquiores Hugonis de Vautort, recuperant versus Oliverum Camponulphum, et Egelinam uxorein ejus, certa messuagia et carucatas terrse in Bikeberri et Sutton Vautort." 400 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V' We shall have httle stay more before we have ended this circuit, which yields little pleasure in ^discourse, but of the goodness of the soil. At Salcombe falls in a riveret which divideth Kingsbridge from Dod- brook, gmiig name to the last. Richard the son of Alan, and after the Champernons possessed it ; whereof some of them he interred in the north aisle, with their proportions cut in stone. — Henry, the son of Alan, im- pleaded Matthew the son of John, and forty more for throwing down his pil- lory in Dodbrook. The tithing of Praul and Gidshal were held by Roger de Praul ; and Thomas de Woodmanston held the hamlet there of his own name. Charleton, which St. Maur possessed before the conquest ; and in the time^TEdward III. Sir Alanus Charleton, whose seat was at North-Molton. It is near Salcombe, a salt vaUey being washed by the sea water. Now Peters' inheritance. Portlecomb, or_Portlemouth, possessed by Fitz Alan, and lately by the Marquis of Winchester. Fitz Alan possessed it in the time of Henry IH. CHAPTER Xn. Of Stokenham, Black- Awton, and other places near there about. Now are we to double the promontory of the south-most parts of this county ; whence we take the breadth thereof at South-Poole, so named of the site, in regard of a tithing in the same parish named North-Poole : both held sometime by William de la Pomeroy : and Chelraston, or Cheveleston, by Thomas Scobbehull : and Colmoore, by Johannes de PunchatdonT" Then passing by Chilton, whereof Sir Robert de Chdton in the reign of Henry III. was a potent man in his time. We come next to Stokenham, where the sea entereth in with a large circuit. Tn the in- most bent thereof is a large spacious pool, or meer, by the inhabitants called the Ley ; in length, at least a mile ; fed with two rills of freshet, se- Chap. XII.] view of Devonshire. 401 parated from the main sea only with a bank or ridge of chesel and sand ; of some called the Long- Sands : it hath issue at one place : in this there is store of fish taken. This great manor was held by the name of Fitz John in the reign of King John ; in the time of Edward I. by Ralph Mounthermer, after Earl of Glou- cester and Hereford, who wrote himself of this place ; after, it was the in- heritance of Hastings, Earl of Huntington, who, dismembering it, sold the greatest part, together with the royalty, to Ameredith. This parish is in the hundred of Colridge which contains nineteen parishes, and should seem to take denomination of a wood so called in this parish : it hath a prerogative above any other hundred in this county, which I termed the Royalty ; for here the lord thereof hath benefit of all the amercements for not appearing at the assizes and sessions, and felons' goods, &c.; and notwithstanding the king's pardon, he taketh benefit of all forfeitures, wayfs, strays, wrecks, &c. Buckland, surnamed Toussaints, of some such inhabitant. The heir of Hill enriched ~CoIl~ tEerewith, and his two coheirs were married to Sir Thomas Prideaux of Nutwel, and Sir George Southcot of Shillingford. It had some lords of its name ; for Lucas de Tousenz held land, 8th Ed- ward I. John de Tuzeyne. Sherford de vado claro : here is Kenedon, long time the inheritance and seat oftEe generous family of Halse : in a very ancient deed I saw it written de Alee. One of the name was a sergeant- at-law and one of the justices of Common Pleas in the time of Henry VI., whose son married one of the three coheirs of Sir Alan de Esse. In the time of Edward IV. John, a younger brother, was made Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield. They augmented their patrimony divers times by matching with several heiresses. This gen- tleman married Clifi'ord: his father, Sutchfi": his predecessor, Chudlegh. Here stands also Malston, the place that gave name and habitation to that generous tribe ; which by EUzabeth, the daughter and heir of Robert Malston, came to William StriguU ; and by the like, I mean Margaret, his daughter and heir, to Walter Reynel ; in a second line of which dignous tribe it continueth to this age : and in divers other places of this province, and in sundry other places, in knightly degree. This man married Hatch : his father Fortescue of Vallopit : his son, Fortescue of Filleigh : his grand- 402 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. son, ; his son, Edmund Reynel, married Margaret, daughter of Sir William Courtenay, sixth of that name, of Powderham. Black- Awton, the black or dark soil, upon the river, giveth this name. The ABbot of Torr had land here and Mount Hermer in the reign of Edward II.; and in this age. Ford and Honychurch. The river passeth by Norton-Dawney, as if you would say, the north town belonging to Dawney, or de Alney, or de Alneto, of Alders : a tribe of great possessions and so of authority tempore Edward II. His seat was at Shevioke in Cornwall. There is a tale, by tradition, of one of that pro- geny that began to build a church and his wife a barn ; both finished, they cast up their accounts, and found that the barn cost three-halfpence more than the church ; whereby you may deem it a large barn or a httle church. His patrimony came in time to Dennis of Orleigh and Crocker ; for they quarter his coats by match with the coheirs of ChurchiU. There were two knights of the name at one time, both by the name of Nicholas. Stoke, sumanjed Fleming of a noble gentleman of that country which served iRichard I. and inhabited this place. Sir Richard Fleming, alias Flan- drensis de Stock, knight; from whom it came, by a daughter, to Mohun ; and by the Uke to the illustrious family of Carew. Of some of these knights the portraitures are yet to be seen in brass, inlaid in stones, in the church. We had almost passed Slapton unseen : I can yet show it you afar off; you may see it by Stokenhafii. This the noble knight of the Order of the Garter, Sir Guy Brian, possessed, and his predecessors long before. He founded a college near his dwelling house, and was buried in the church un- der a fair stone : yet could not rest quiet ; for in hope of some treasure his tomb was demohshed and he not suffered to enjoy rest : and restless may they be that envy the dead the fruition of that is laid on them. His armories are quartered by Cary. Yet of Slapton I may not forget to show you what I have seen. Manerium de Slapton, Edwardus, Comes Devon, tenet de Episcopo Exon, per servitium essendi seneschaUus suus tempore inthronizationis suae in Ec- clesia Cathedrah, Exon, 7th Henry V. Chap. XIII.] view of Devonshire. 403 CHAPTER XIII. The River Dart's proceeding, and what places he passeth by. Now we are to double Combe-point, and so for our better proceeding harbour ourselves for a while in the safe haven of Dartmouth, so named of the fair river Dart; as that, as some wiU, of Dartmoor, wherein it first seeth thf~suh, near the spring of Okeraent, whose course we have prosecuted in the northern division ; but concerning the name of this noted river we have saiTnothihg, whether it took name of the moor, or the moor of that. It may be, and of some it is supposed, that the river takes name of the swift- ness of the current ; the hke is thought of the river Arrow in Warwick- shire ; and of Tygris in Mesopotamia, which among the Persians doth im- port a shaft ; that I speak not of some other : or because it makes not in its course so many short and crooked indentings as most other rivers do, but more direct in Hne, and straight like a dart ; for in both these it con- curreth with the name, for it fleeth with a swift and speedy current, and | somewhere a violent stream, especially when it is somewhat swollen ; for ' then it makes a great noise as it goes, and seemeth angry and highly dis- pleased with the great stones, which lying in its channel hinder the swift- ness of its course, and therefore somewhere with rushing seemeth rather to tumble than fleet among them, and often rolleth some of them before it, and there dangerous to be forded. First it sees Gidlegh, whence the now (well near worn out) name of that famous race took^Henomuiation. The daughter of Giles de Gidlegh brought it to the clarous family of Pruz, and so termed Dominus de Gidlegh ; from him to Coad ; and now by purchase to Batteshull. Next it visits Withecombe; (anciently Wydecombe;) of the coarse and hungry soil ; having'lhe'a'djufict of in-the-moor : for such barren places that wlU not easily by the painful labours of the industrious husbandman be improved and made fruitful are here, and generally, ( I think,) called moors. Here dwells Langworthy at Liswel. Of a great tor (so we call rocks in | the forest,) in this parish, named Haytor, the hundred takes the name, \ which numbers within it twenty-two parishes. Spichwick, or more anci- 404 VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. ently Spicewyke, is a tithing here, which Brytric, the Saxon, held at the con- quest ; after William de Spichwick ; and now, as I think, the Earl of Bath. Buckland-(for the cold place it stands in and to distinguish it from divers otheT?*^ the name, is called Buckland)-in-the-Moor. Here Roger de Bockland took name. And at ""^ "' Blackdown-in-the-Moor Roger Fitz Richard was possessed of a yard of land. It was a potent family in the time of King John; of which was Sir Ralph Fitz Richard. It washeth Holne ; a little parish, where Stephanus de Haccombe and Nicholas de la Yea, now perchance Yeo, were possessed of land. Buckfast, Buckfaster, or Buckfastlegh, where Duke Alford erected a fair abbey^f White iSTonks of the Cistercian Order, dedicating it to the blessed Virgin : valued at the surrender at £466. lis. 2jd. Where now is to be seen the skeleton of a huge body, where the beholder may both pity and wonder to see the ruins thereof. Now the possession of CabeU. These two parishes, by another river that is sent in from the forest of Dartmoor to the augmentation of this river, whose name it bears, are demi- insulated. And on the other side he receives a larger subsidy from the same foster- mother, which sees no noted place until he comes to Ashburton, alias Ashperton, whose Saturday's market is much frequented. It hath also two fairs, on St. Lawrence and St. Martin's days. It is one of the privileged places for the coinage of tin and keeping stannary courts. The manor and borough both belonged anciently to the Bishop of Exeter : but to them now remaineth only the sad remembrance of how much their predecessors have had, and how little they possess at this present. Woodley, or Woodland, of the abundance of woods in those times. There have been generous famihes of either name. It passeth by Hempston, known by two several adjuncts. Broad or Can- telupe, ahas Cantlow; which Sir William Cantelupe, a worthy baron, enjoyed in the feign of Henry III., whose armories stood lately in Totnes Church. Here the great hneage of Fishacre was possessed of demesnes bearing his name ; where many knights succeeded in descent ; Sir Martin de Fixa Acra, or Fishacre, in the age of Richard I., Sir Martin and Sir_^ William in the reign of Henrj' III., and another Martin was sheriff 37th Edward III. One of the name married the relict of Champernon of Inswork, and had only tv/o coheirs married to Walrond and Holway. Chap. XIII.] view of Devonshire. 405 The other Hcmpston is called by the name either of Little Hempston, or Hempston-Arundell. Possessed by that great name which hath yielded many knights and sheriffs in this county as well as in Cornwall ; but it now belongs to the Marquis of Winchester. In the greater stands a place called Ford, owned by one of that name, but alienated in this age. Then Dart enlarged visits Staverton, which was given to the Dean and Chapter of Exeter in perpetuam elemosinam, which they hold at this time. Here some will have King Athelstan to have sometime a palace, and that he gave this and Stoke-Canon to the Chapter of St. Peter ; but I think the similitude of the names hath produced this error, for it hath not been en- joyed by them by many years so long : but somewhat after the conquest there was one Adelstane, who lived at Athelstane's-Hall in this county, (and perchance in this parish, for I loiow not where else to find it,) who, dying sans issue, bestowed these large gifts on them. I suppose it is here where Sergeant Row lived : the place was named Kingston : he was held a man of the soundest judgment in the law in his time. His son married Blewet: his nephew, Hubbard. Henry de Sparkwell held a tithing here of the same name. Now are we enlarged by a riveret that comes from Tor-Bryan, Bryans- Hill : for Richard Cammel held it of Guido de Bryan in the age of Henrv III.; since which time Kytson, and by his heir the Lord Dacres enjoyeth it. Denbury is near unto it, and annexed thereunto make one tithing. It belonged to the Abbey of Tavistock. Then Ipplepen, sometime in the tenure of Aymorus de St. Amando, St. Amand, or Samund : now joined with Tor-Bryan. In this is Combe-Fish- acre, the seat of that ancient tribe. Hence issued the ancestors of William Lord Petre, of Writtle ; so created by King James I. For here was born Sir William Petre, knight ; a man of approved wisdom and exquisite learn- ing ; yet was he not so famous for these and other excellent endowments, nor for the high offices of state which he bare, (for that he was of the coun- cil and Secretary to Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth, and Chancellor of the noble Order of the Garter ; and employed often ambassador to foreign princes with great commendation ;) as for that, being bred and brought up in good learning, he well deserved of learning, learned men, and especially of those of Oxford, by doubhng the Fellow- ships of Exeter College ; and was both pitiful and bountiful to his poor 3f 40G VIRW OF DEVONSHIRK. [ BoOK V. neighbours about him at Ingatestone in Essex, (where he lieth buried,) as also at Thorn don. The other rill comes from Marledon, which is but as a chapel of ease to Paynton. It was built by the ancestors of the Gilberts, who have an anci- eifffiouse here : one of them lieth in the church, with his wife, their propor- tions cut in stone. This rill passeth through Berry-Park, by Berry- Castle, in the parish of Berry-Pomeroy, which that nameTlid long enjoy. They derive their descent fr^m Balph Pomeroy, in the Conqueror's days ; and have been very potent and of large possessions. There were knights of the name in every age, sometimes three at a time, and often trusted with the command of the county, being high sheriff. Many places are yet intitled with the addition of their names, where we shall meet with them again. This fair castle is now in the possession of Sir Edward Seymour, or de Sancto Mauro, baronet, who is descended from the noble Lord Edward, Duke of Somerset. He married Killigrew : his father, Champemon : his grandfather, son to the above-named Duke, the heir of Welsh. I have read of this name long before the conquest; and that when Hengist conspired with the Scots against Aurelius Ambrosius he was taken prisoner by Eldulph de Semor, a nobleman of Britany. In this church some of them are interred, and also of the Pomeroys, and the windows beautified with many armories. [As for the monuments there are but two of more than ordinary remark; the one in the north wall of the chancel erected to the memory of Sir Rich- ard Pomeroy and his lady ; being an altar-piece laid over with a fair serpen- tine stone, which had been inlaid with divers coats of arms and mottos in copper gilded ; now embezzled or worn away by time : at the east end of which is Pomeroy impaled with Denzil ; and at the west end Pomeroy's coat shigle, done in stone or plaster. In the north aisle is a noble monument erected to the memory of the Seymours ; where lie, piled one over another, the bodies of the Lord Ed- ward Seymour, (the first of this family that resided in this country,) his son. Sir Edward Seymour, baronet, with his lady, a daughter of Champer- non of Dartington ; under which are cut out in stone also the proportions of their eleven children. In a fair marble table, in the middle of the monument, is this inscription. Chap. XIIL] view op dkvonshire. 407 " Here lie the bodies of the hon. the Lord Edward Seymour, knight, son unto the Right Hon. Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset; who died 2nd of May, 1593. Also of Edward Seymour his son, bart., who died the 10th April, 1613; and the Lady Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Sir Arthur Champernon, who had issue by him, the said Sir Edward Seymour, bart., eleven children." In the windows of the church are these armories now visible, 1696 : in the chancel, in the window over the communion-table, are these armories, — Montague, or Montacute. — Argent, three lozenges in fess gules, Botre- Aux. — Argent, a griffin rampant gules, armed and langued, azure. Merton. — Azure, three bends argent. Stafford. — Or, a chevron gules. Courtenay. — Or, three torteauxes, with a label of three points, gules. In the north window of the same chancel, only these two, — St. George. — Argent, a cross gules, quarterly pierced. Gules, a cross fleury argent, quarterly pierced. In the window of the north aisle are these coats very fresh, — PoMEROY. — Or, a lion rampant gules within a border engrailed sable, im- paled with Raleigh. — Gules, five fusils in bend argent. Pomeroy impaling Denzil. — Sable, a mullet in a crescent argent. Fillegh. — Gules, a fess ver- rey between six crosses or. In the south aisle window are these coats, — Esse or Ash. — Argent, two chevrons sable, a border engrailed gules, impa- ling Hillersdon. — Argent on a chevron sable three bulls' faces caboshed, of the first, Trevillian. — Party per fess, argent and gules wavy, a sea-horse issuant. Esse or Ash impaling Trevillian, and the latter impaling Barn- house. — Gules, two wings co-joined in lure, argent. In the body of the church, on the south side, in the first window, — Pomeroy with Argent, a chevron sable charged with five mullets pierced, between three choughs. In the second window none remain. In the third south window these two, Beauchamp. — Verrey, argent and azure. Dowman. — Argent, three lions' beads erazed gules. On the north side of the church are these : — in the first window, — Aston. — Argent, a chevron engrailed sable between three fleurs-de-lis. Pomeroy repeated. Quarterly England and France, a label of three pointa, ermine. Argent, a chevron charged with six mullets, between three choughs proper. 408 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. In the second window, — PoMEBOY. Quarterly, 1st. Three left hands couped at the wrist. — 2nd. Six annulets, 3, 2, 1.— The 3rd as the 1st, and the 4th as the 2nd. Dennis of Comb Rawleigh. Pomerot. In the third and fourth windows nothing of armories are remaining.] At the fall of this riveret into Dart, opposite on the other side, comes in another which descends from Dean-Prior ; which had that title either for that there was some religious house there, (as I think there was,) or that it belonged to some such house.* Here is one of the seats of Sir Edward Giles ; and in the parish at Moorshead liveth Furz. Here is a hamlet that I have long sought for, named Skerydon ; better stored with stags when David and Walter Skerydon lived there than at this present : for Davidus Skeredon (thus it is enrolled,) tenet terras in Skery- don et Sheplegh de Domino Rege, in capite reddendo Domino Regi, tres sagittas, cum Dominus Rex venerit ad venandum in Dartamoor pro omni servitio anno 33 Henry III. It belonged since to the name of Basset. Our river passeth by Ratrew, or Rattery. The manor and sheaf be- longed to the Abbey of St. Dogmael in Pembrokeshire ; ( I hope I wrote it rightly; I may fail, for it is a saint I never read of before ;) since Gibbs; and after him Savery held lands here. The hamlet of Luscombe Henricus de Altaribus held at the conquest ; after Anschetill ; and now Luscomb of Luscombe. And now Dart with due respect salutes the barony of Dartington; which Martin possesse'd, together with Kemys in Pembrokeshire : then was it the seat of the illustrious family of Holland, Duke of Exeter : very delightfully seated for prospect, as overlooking the town of Totnes : now it glories in the knightly tribe of Champemon ; who married Fulford : his father, the daughter of Gabriel, Count Montgomery of France : his grandfather, in the noble house of Norris. * It belonged to Plympton Priory. — G. O., — P. J. Chap. XIV.] view of dkvonshire. 409 CHAPTER XIV. The Antiquity and Description of Totnes. Now may we take some convenient opportunity to rest and recreate our- selves. We are at the end of a city-like town, and that hath had (as may be supposed) both walls and gates. To tnes t hen, that hath no higher title than town, may, with his brethren, Plymouth and Barnstaple, compare for wealth, prosperity, and govern- ment, with divers cities of this kingdom. It hath flourished, and felt also the sForms of afl5iction, under Britons, Romans, Saxons, and Normans. To speak somewhat of the antiquity thereof, I hope I shall take no great pains to prove it (and that without opposition,) the prime town of Great Britain. I speak it upon the good warrant of Geoffery of Monmouth, who boldly and resolutely affirmeth that the famous Trojan Brutus took first landing at this place when he conquered and inhabited this land ; which is also strongly affirmed by all the credit of the poet Havilan ( if he take not too much po- etica licentia) when he saith, — "Indc datocursu Brutus comitatus Achate Gallorum spoliis cumulatus, navibus aequor Exarat, et superis auraque faventibus usus Littora felices intrat Tottonesia portus." Then hoisting sails with Gaulish spoils The Gods did guide his sails and course, The fleet-fraught sea doth take And winds he had at will, Our Brutus with his trusty friend, And Totnes was the happy shore And through waves way doth make. Where he came and sate still. This granted, (for I hope no man will question the long beheved history of Brutus,) we shall boldly and fairly prescribe before all the towns and cities in Great Britain. Now there were Albionists here before his coming, or Samothesian inhabitants at least, of what name soever, though no approv- ed writer makes any perfect mention of them. Now to aver our tenet, and to pass the time while we are in this good town, let us make a brief computation of the time when Brutus arrived here. Mr. Grafton and some others say it was when Eli was high-priest of Israel, 410 VIEW OF DBVONSHIRB. [BoOK V. which they account to be from the creation 2856 years ; before the incar- nation, 1 108. Now after he had fought many cruel battles, conquered many huge giants ; and his cousin CorinaBus, in a fair pull of wrestling thrown their chief leader, Gogmagog, over the Hoe of Plymouth, (though the Kentish men will have it done at Dover cliff,) he took, with an easy journey, the sur- vey of the whole island ; and coming to the river Thames, for the great de- light he took in the fair meadows, pleasant pastures, amenity of the air, and fruitful soil bordeiing her banks, ( I do but exemplify the history out of my authors,) he resolved here to build a city, which in remembrance of famous razed Troy he named Troy-Novant, or New-Troy : which some 1041 years after was by King Lud altered, and called it Luds-town, now briefly Lon- don. Then let us suppose that Brutus made all possible speed, yet he rode not post, nor could he march with his army in strange untrodden ways : m some places woodland fuU of briers and bushes, others were boggy and mi- ry, the rivers unfordable and having no bridges, nor towns of receipt to lodge in; neither finding any victuals but what he gat by hunting with any haste ; neither could he conquer the whole land which had such robustuous strong inhabitants, and survey it in less than twenty years. I set but a short time if you but consider our proceedings with our late colonies ; es- pecially adding therevmto the building of a city. This granted, that it was twenty years before London, it must be 376 years before Rome, which is younger than London 356, and Cayr-Ebranck, now named York, buUded by King Ebrank, Mempricius' son, some 140 years after, anno mundi 2972. So are we clear for antiquity. Now let us see what other matter it yields worthy our observation. We find that Aurelius Ambrosius, with his brother, Uter Pendragon, sons to Con- stantius, (of the mixed blood of the Britons and Romans,) who fled, very young, from hence into Little-Britain, (upon the death of their elder bro- ther. King Constantius, the younger, traitorously slain by Vortigern, term- ed the king-kiUer and scourge of the country,) returned hither in their better strength, were received into this town ; with the assistance whereof, and the people of this country, they pursued him into Wales, and there be- sieged him in his own castle, and consumed him and his fort with fire : which was about the year of our redemption 450. Yet have we not spoken a word of the etymology of this town, and whence it should take the name of Totnes. Some would have it of the Chap. XIV.] view of Devonshire. 411 French word tout-a-laise, which is in English all at ease ; as if Brutus at his arrival in such a pleasant soil and ft-uitful countrJ^ and healthful air, after so painful and dangerous na\agation, should here assure him- self and his fellow travellers of ease, rest, and content : and the 1 in this long time is changed (which is no great alteration,) into n, and so from tout-a-lesse we now call it tout-a-nesse, and briefly Totnesse. This would I willingly applaud could I think or be induced to believe that Brutus spake so good French, or that the French tongue was then spoken at all. There- fore I shall with the more ease be persuaded to join in opinion with those who would have it named Dodonesse, which signifieth the rocky-town, or town on stones ; which is much more probable, (and it is also agreeable with the opinion of Leland, that ancient, industrious, and learned antiqua- ry,) for it stands on the declining of a hill very stony and rocky. Others shall have leave to make conjectures and hunt further for the better deriva- tion of this name : I have done. For situation : it standeth on the gentle ascent and rising of a hill close by the river side, which swelling at certain hours with the ocean tides maketh the channel so deep as it is enabled to carry vessels of good burden close up to the town. It had sometime a priory. The first conqueror, Brutus, gave this town and the two provinces, Devon and Cornwall, (then but one,) to his cousin and great assistant, Corinseus, as is well known ; whereof the western part is (as they say) called Corn- wall ; who peopled it with his own regiment ; and being an excellent wrest- ler, as you have heard, trained his followers in the same exercises : whereof it comes that the western men, in that sport, win the mastery and game wheresoever they come. The second conqueror, WiUiam of Normandy, bestowed this towTi, toge- ther with Dartmouth and Barnstaple, on a worthy man named Judael, who erected here a castle, to which many serv^ices are due ; it long combated with time, but at length enforced to yield : it yet shows what it hath been. It hath had change of lords, as Cantelupe, Lord Abergavenny, from whom it came to the ancient Baron Zouch, or de stipite Sicco ; between whom and the burgesses there was a composition : he reserves all services due unto himself; and the mayor obtains of King John divers immunities, liber- ties and freedoms. But it fell again into the king's hands, and King Henry VII. gave it to Sir Peter Edgcomb ; who, by his excellent wisdom, was in great favour with his sovereign. 412 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE, [BoOK V. At this town, held the south-most part of this kingdom, began the Foss- street, which, with Wathng- street, Ikneld- street, and Erming- street, were the four highways that traversed all England. These were first began by that sapient lawgiver Malmutius, king of this realm ; and finished and pav- ed by his martial son Belinus ; upon the credit of the British story 500 years ere the incarnation of Christ. These four ways crossed and thwarted over the whole land. A work not only very necessary and convenient, but very beneficial to the inhabitants both for war and peace : which were pri- vileged not only by Malmutius' edicts, but also by the Romans in their time of government, and should be in like respect with us ; the name intimating as much the king's highway ; and as Bracton saith they are res sacrse, et qui aliquid occupaverat excedendo fines et terminos terra? suae dicitur fecis- se purpresturam super ipsum regem — they are privileged places, and he that makes trespasses there commits purpresture even against the king's majesty himself. This Foss-street began at the end of this town, and runneth through this whole shire and Somerset, (yet in some certain places to be perceived,) and so (as my author for this matter saith,) to Tutbury; and by Chesterton to Coventry and Leicester ; and so from thence by the wilds and plains to Newark ; thence to Lincoln : but hereof enough, if not too much. [Most of our modern writers have rejected as a legendary tale the account of four main roads drawn out as it were to measure and divide the land by the British King, Malmutius Dunwallo, or by his son, Belinus. Erming- street, so called of the British word armyinth, because it crosseth mountains and wayless places for the better direction of travellers : it is the same that now is called Akeman-street-way, a road pointing east and west. Those that call it Akeman-street-way say it took its name from them that being full of ache and acheing made it their way to the hot baths in Somer- setshire ; which is very probable, that city, by several old writers, being called Acamannum : a more natural derivation than that of Selden or Bur- ton. Kennet White's Parochial Antiquities of Ambrosden, &c.] This town is distant from the city of Exeter twenty miles ; and is in the degree of longitude (as I am taught,) 1 6 and 25 scruples ; and from the pole in latitude 50 and 25 scniples. The weekly market is Saturday ; it hath four fairs ; first on May-day, second St. James', third , fourth Simon and Jude's Day. It yields two burgesses for the service at the par- liament ; is governed by a mayor, recorder, &c. Chap. XIV.] view of Devonshire, 413 We shall be bettei* employed to view the church, where divers ancient armories and new epitaphs are to be seen. The armories, most of which are drawn in their colours, side by side, in the two large galleries in the west end of the church, very few remaining in the glass of the windows, are too numerous to be here inserted, they being near three score. Some of the epitaphs, among others, we will here re- member. — On Mr. Philip Holdich, sometime mayor : — "All you that pass by me Behold th' estate of flesh and blood Behold man's sudden fall; How death doth seize on all." Upon John Eastman : — "Behold the place wherein I lie, Now these good deeds are gone with him, For as thou art sometime was I; All things else him forsake. And as I am, so shaltthou be, m. .1 .u ^ ij» «. .» • ' ' Thou mortal man that would st attain From life to death to follow me, mi 1 1 <• u it The happy haven of heavenly rest, To the poor he was pitiful, Prepare thyself; of graces all. And gave oft for God's sake ; Faith and repentance are the best." On Mr. John Wise, the elder : — " Christ is to me as life on earth, So brittle is the state of man, And death to me is gain. So soon it doth decay. Because I trust through him alone So all the glory of the world Salvation to attain. Must pass and fade away." Upon Margaret Collins : — " Mors sceptra ligonibus aequat" On a fair stone laid on William Tiller : — " Lo ! seest thou me ? so shalt thou be. Wherefore repent; in heart relent." Richard Lacy hath thus, — " Mors mihi primus Adam, vita secundus erit." Elizabeth Kellond died young, and hath this, — "A virgin young, of tender years, She died in hope with Christ to live Interred here doth lie; In joys eternally." On William Wise, a merchant, as I think ; — 3g 414 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V- " Sith many merchants leave their trade, And merchandize is poor men's aid, Now whither shall the poor man fly When trade decays and merchants die ? " Upon the stone that covered John Wise and his wife, as should seem : — " Married on earth we each to other were, But now to heaven's high King we coupled are." Elizabeth Smith hath this epitaph, — " Death stands in readiness all flesh to strike. But for ripeness seldom hits the like ; For though at four this house of clay fell down. Some die at ten not built so high from ground." On Mr. Christopher Brookin, and some other like him, as the verses import : •' Old age, with wisdom and religion crowned, Hath in this vault a dark pavilion found. Ambitious tombs may boast of pompous states, This of two good men and true magistrates. It's fit that such men's precious memory Should be recorded to posterity." On Mrs. Austin's monument : — " Some die in youth, some die in age. She was but young, of body strong, Some die in ripest years ; Yet she by death subdued ; The like whereof in the dead corpse To live and die in Him alone. Interred here appears. Through Christ to be renewed." On the stone that lies on Richard Beer : — " Here under sleeps my corpse till Christ do call From out this bed to judgment general." John Norris hath this remembrance and caveat, — " Behold thyself by me. And thou in time shalt be Such one was I as thou ; E'en dust as I am now." On George Yeo and, as I gather, his mother : — " Here lieth the tree growing approved. Likewise her fruit of most beloved ; Chap. XIV.] view of Devonshire. 4^15 Here lielh the stock and branch together, Free from all sturdy storms and weather ; Here lieth the aged and the youth, The race of all approved truth." This is written on William Yeo, — " My life was full of misery, I hope at length to live with Christ, Of anguish, grief, and pain, For ever to remain." On Richard Leigh, the same as on Richard Beer before. This is written on the stone that lies on Edward Bear, — " Although my flesh be turned to dust I hope to rise again. With Christ in numberof the just for ever to remain." On Elizabeth Bear : — " She lies in dust, that lived and died no other Than a most faithful wife and loving mother. She lived in Christ, her works declare the same; She died in Christ, whence grew her endless fame." Elizabeth Pridham, and some other : — " Such as they are by death we all must be. Such as they were in life but few we see." "Johannes Giles, armiger, obiit I'imo. die Jan., A. D. 1552: cujus anime propitietur Deus. " My buckler of defence To whom be praise Est Deus omnipotens ; For his gifts always." [The Rev. John Prince having had the honour for several years to be the vicar of this church, as now he has, by God's permission, of that of Berry-Pomerov ai^oining, hath thought fit to add these of his own collection. In the south wall of the chancel of Totnes church is a fair monument erected to the memory of Christopher Blackball, esq., and his four wives : his hkeness is hvely cut in stone, all in armour, finely gilded, kneeling be- fore a desk ; under which, on a fair stone, is this inscription, — " In memoriam ornatissimi viri Christophori Blackhal, Armigeri, una cum quatuor uxoribus suis ; quarum tres secum agunt vitam in polo, ultima adhuc militat in solo. Obiit 21 die Aug., A. D. 1633." Under which are his four wives cut in stone, lifting their hands in devout 416 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. manner, with these inscriptions under them : — Under the first, — "Elizabetha, filia Nicolai Slanning, Armigeri, hie jacetsepulta, A. D. 1608." Under the second : — " Penelope, filia Thomae Hele, Armigeri, hie jacetsepulta, A. D. 1616." Under the third : — "Susanna, filia Nicolai Halswell, militis, hie jacet sepulta, A. D. 1622." Under the fourth : — "Dorothea, filia RichardiNorris,hujusoppidimajoris, adhuc vivif, A.D.1634." All written in golden letters, enclosed with an iron grate about four feet in height. Over which, in a frame of timber, is this farther inscription, — " Ad Christophorum Blackhal, Armigerum. In obitum uxoris suae pientis- simae, sororis mese charissimae, Susannae Blackhal, " An doleam, an moriar ? nihil est ; ego miror ademptam Vix reddent sponsam sidera nostra parem. Proh dolor ! interiit soror baud aequanda sorori, Et conjux ilia conjuge nulla pior. O soror ! o conjux ! (quid inclamemus amantes ?) Hie jacet baec conjux, bie jacet ilia soror. Robertus Halswell fraterrimus." Over which is Blackhal's arms, — paly sab. and or in chief gu. three bezants. On a flat black-marble stone, in the chancel, are engraven two coats, — Evelegh impahng Martin of Totnes, and Evelegh impaling Yard : under which is this motto " Ecce ! quid ens ?" then this epitaph, — " Maria, una filiarum et haeredum Georgii Monk, generosi, et uxor Gilberti Evelegh, generosi, in Domino requieseit ; quae 13o die mensis Maii, A.D. 1650, per lachrymarum vallem gloriam in excelsam transivit. " Conjux cbara, parens mitis, matrona pudica. Sic triplici vinclo juneta Maria Deo est. Caetera fama. Socrus mcEstissimus statuit." Under which are engraven Evelegh's coat impaled with Monk, having a Chap. XIV.] vibw of Devonshire. 417 crescent for the younger house. Then on the side Evelegh with Monk's arms in an escutcheon on Evelegh's. In the north aisle of the same church Hes a fair stone on which is fixed, in a label of brass, this memorial of Walter Bougins, — " Here lieth the body of Walter Bougins, of Totnes, merchant, who had to wife Prothesie Bougins, the eldest daughter of John Bodley of London, mer- chant : by whom he had issue six sons and five daughters, and departed this life the 15th day of April, A. D. 1591." Above which, on the same stone, were inlaid with brass, his and her effi- gies : his is torn or worn out, her's remains. Here I shall add a brief account of the pedigree of this family. Walter Bougins of Totnes, Merchant, by Prothesie, daughter of John Bodley, sis- ter of Sir Thomas Bodley, knight, had issue WiUiam Bougins, of Gatcomb in the parish of Little-Hempston, gent.; who, by the daughter and one of the coheirs of Zachary Irish of Chudlegh, had issue William Bougin of Gat- colnb, esq., Zachary Bougin of Corpus Christi College, and Walter, WiUiam Bougin by Ann, sister of Sir John Stowel, of Park in this county, and rehct of Bound, of Uphempston near adjoining, had issue Walter Bougin of Gatcomb, esq.; who, by Ehzabeth, daughter of Gorge, esq., hath issue WiUiam. In the same aisle, near adjoining the former, hes another fair marble stone, which has fastened thereon, in brass, the figure of a person in a ma- gistrate's gown, under which is this inscription, — " Here lieth interred the body of Richard Parrye, esq., Justice both of Peace and Quorum : in which place he was a discreet Justicer 30 years and upwards before he died, using the same with all integrity. He changed this life, being of the age of 72 or thereabouts, December 10th, A, D. 1602, in a perfect hope and christian belief of his joyful resurrection in Christ Jesu. " In remembrance of whom Protesia, his loving wife, in token of her most entire and dear love towards him, hath made this monument." In the same aisle, on another flat stone, is this inscription on a plate of brass, — " Our brother William Bougins hath left his body here enclosed, but his soul is departed to a far better place, which was granted unto him by the merits of Christ in the year of his age 76, of our Saviour Christ, 1680, November 27." In an arch of the north waU, in the same aisle, is a fair monument with- 418 VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. out any inscription that may now be found. In the south aisle of the same church are these monuments, — In the east wall is a very handsome monument, where in a black marble table is this inscription in golden letters, — " To the memory of the worshipful Richard Martin, merchant, sometimes mayorof this town ; who changed this life for a better 24th day of September, A. D. 1663, being of the age of 75 years." Over which stands his coat of arms, viz, arg. three martlets proper, with a crescent for difference. Near by, in a black well-poUshed marble table within an oval border finely varnished, is this epitaph, — " Here lieth the body of Thomas Martin, bachelor, who exchanged this life for a better the 10th day of January, 1690, aged 58 years : who gave the lands of a house and meadow in Barnstaple for ever to the Poor of Totnes, to be given in bread every Lord's day in this aisle, as is expressed in his last will and test- ament." In the south wall of the same aisle, under a fair arch, is an altar-tomb, whose inscription is almost whoUy worn out by time : only on the upper edge are these words, — " Here lieth Walter Smith, who died the 8th day of November, 1555." Under which are some letters of his name in fret-work. Also, in a frame of timber, there is the memorial of Dr. Marker, a Dane : a long inhabitant of this town : having this inscription in golden letters, — " In memoriam Oligeri Antonii Markeri, Medici, viri doctissimi, Latinae, Graecae et Orientalium linguarum, matheseos arcanorum, artium et scientiarum omnium peritissimus. Qui, Danis natus parentibus, clarissimi Domini Sennerti praeceptis instructus, sub ipsa juventute in patriam nostram emigravit, hujus op- pidi se fecit incolam. Post triginta annorum cursum, cum multis doctorum lau- dibus per totam gentem diffusis, peractum, ad gloriam transivit coelestem Sextilis 29, A. D. 1670. " Hanc tabulam, grati animi T^}Cf4,7iQiov, posuit E. E. clericus." After this so great rest in this city-hke town, we should make more haste the better to perform our journey : but I may not forget to tell you of an honour more belonging ^to it; for King James I,, of pious memory, hath Chap. XV.] view of devonshirb. 419 dignified it with the title of an earldom, and honoured therewith the highly meriting and nobly-born knight. Sir George Carew, Baron of Clopton ; a native of this country : of whom I should write more largely, but he is eternized by a far more sufficient pen. CHAPTER XV. Of Ashprington, Brixham, Greenway, (and there of the ancient Family of Gilbert,) and other places in our way to Dartmouth. To ease ourselves let us take a boat and with the tide pass to Ashpring- tp n, held by the ancient name of Pipard, 14th Henry HI.; after of Pomeroy, 33rd Edward I. In it stands Pensford, the seat of the family of Summaster (query Summus Magister,) of right good note and respect both for antiquity and aUiance. They flou- rished first in Widecombe and Exeter, and have matched with sundry heirs, as De la Port, whose armories they bear and Cornu. This knight matched with Strode : [ his name. Sir Samuel Somaster :] his father, Arundell ; whose mother was heir to , and she one of the four coheirs to her mother : his grandsire, Fortescue. At Bowdon also is the seat of Sir Edward Giles, knight,: of him not a word more, lest I should, by speaking the truth, be said to flatter. He married the daughter and heir of Drew of Hayne, the relict of Northcot : his father, Stukely. This knight having no issue hath carefully preserved his name and house by his uncle's son, who hath married Carew. In this parish was found, anno 1605, a famous (for a short time,) well ; the virtues of whose water was medicinable for all griefs and diseases ; to which resorted an incredible number of people from every quarter ; and so many bottles thereof were carried far into the country as there was not enough to serve every man's turn : but in Uttle time the people satisfied of the novelty and the virtue decreasing, the resort also ceased. Here falls in a small river called Harborn, which giveth name to Harborn- town, commonly Harberton. Here both Westcot and Eastcot held land 420 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. anciently ; and at Harbornford Richard le Bigod, and Roger Vautor, and John Foughill. And at Sandwell is a branch of the ancient regarded family of Rysdon, who hath been of long continuance in this tract. He married one of the daughters and coheirs of Hawkins : his father, GifFord ; before him Lanxford ; the re- hot of Mountjoy. At Inglebom is the mansion of a generous and respected tribe of Wot- ton. This esquire matched with Giles. At Bindley is left a race of the knightly family of Pomeroy, which flou- rished long in great estate. This gentleman married with Reynell. Holwell, alias HalgeweU, or Holgalwill, was a tribe of great estimation. Sir John Halgewell lived in the time of Henry VH., and wrote himself of Halwellscombe ; whose coat was to be seen lately in Bigbury church, and was sheriff in the 14th Henry VH. Dytsham, or Dydisham, which Baldwin le Viscount, and after him Roger de Halton enjoyed. In which church his armories were lately to be seen. Then Bozom-zeal, of long continuance the habitation of the much re- garded tribe of Bozome, which flourished by the match with the daughter of the clarous race of St. George ; and one again of his coheirs joined it to the knightly family of Fulford, who now possesseth it. Next in our way is Cornworthy. ( fruitfully, per chance, and profitable to the seedsman.) Here tKe Edgcombs erected a nunnery, whose worth at the surrender was valued at £63. 2s. lOd.; which was bought by Harris, predecessor to Sir Thomas Harris, knight, sergeant-at-law ; whose know- ledge in the law was much commended, and his learning and excellency, and pregnancy of wit, eminent even to admiration. His son. Sir , is now Chief Justice of Munster in Ireland. Here is likewise a branch of the fruitful and often remembered name of Fortescue. On the east side the Dart sundry places are almost circulated with an in- let of the sea. Galmeton, or Gaynton, which Beatrix de Mohun held in dowry ; also Robertus de St. Amando and Richard Fitz Stephen, now Yard and Gilbert. Churchston, with the adjunct of Ferrers, (and why not Chestin of Cas- tanetum, of chesnut-trees,) to whom it long appertained. It is situate near the sea, and is now the seat of the ancient family of Yarde, of which name I shall speak elsewhere. He married the daughter and heir of Giles; one Chap. XV.] view of Devonshire. 421 of the sisters and coheirs of Sir Edward Giles : his father. Strode : his son the daughter and heir of Northcot. Between Berry-point a promontoryor head-land, and Dartmouth, Ues Brix- ham, or Briseham. Ulfus held it in the Confessor's time, and Ralph in the Conqueror's ; Pomeroy in Edward I.'s days, and Kenisham in another age. Here Lupton is situate, whose possessor differs little from the name, but in elder times, perchance, all one : Upton : of which tribe Nicholas Upton was an excellent ornament : that excellent civilian who wrote of heraldry, colours, and armories, with the duty of chivalry ; whence our modern -wri- ters have taken great Ught : which work is yet extant, though not easy to be had. He married Rouse : his father Fortescue. Greenway is very pleasantly and commodiously placed, with a most de- lightsome prospect to behold the barks and boats to pass and repass upon the river flowing from Dartmouth to Totnes. This hath continued long in a family of much estimation of the Gilberts, alias Jilberts, of knightly rank. It is very anciently written Gislebert, or Gerebert, as in the Conqueror's Book of Survey, among the tenures in Devon, we find thus, — " Richardus filius Gisleberti tenet de Rege Leueston, quod Semardus te- nebat tempore Regis Edwardi." And Robertus de Gerebert was a testis to a deed made by WUham de Vernon, Earl of Devon, in the age of King John, to the church of Brumor : thus, — " Sciant presentes et futuri, quod ego Willielmus de Vernon comes Devon dedi Deo et Ecclesie Sancti Michaelis de Brumor, &c. Hiis testibus Mabilia Comitissa, Abbate Quarar, Roberto Gerebert, Rich. Cottle, Samp- son Clerico de Plympton, cum multis aliis." Of this progeny there have been divers of great desert cind sufficiency ; whereof among the troop we will make choice of one or two only. Sir Humphrey Gilbert, knight, that high attempting epirit and skilful mathematician and hydrographer, who, though not equally favoured with fortune's grace, yet the great volume of his virtues and pious intentions may be read, (though he he interred in some unknown region,) shining too gloriously to be dusked by misfortune in his worth and christian attempts. — " Careat successibus opto Quisquis ab eventu facta notanda probat." Let some ill chance that man depress, That censures noble acts by the success, as the poet rightly saith. 3h 422 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. / The project of this his noble attempt was to discover, possess, and people K the remote countries of America, subject to the heathen absurdities ; and to « reduce the natives to the knowledge and service of the true God and chris- i tian religion : wherein the zeal of this knight, deserving eternal remem- j brance, and his pious intentions were graced by Queen Elizabeth, of pious : memory, with a large commission, by her letters patent, to enter, take pos- 1 session of, and inhabit all remote heathen lands not formerly in the posses- / sion of any christian prince. His first voyage was very chargeable to him, \ ( being but a younger brother,) and was almost dashed in the bud, in regard I divers adventurers failed of their contracted promises. Yet little daunt- I ed, as if nothing had been too difficult for a vahant heart, and quid non ? i was his word, he bravely proceeded ; and discovering much, could not ef- 1 fectuate his desire in setthng a colony (which in this age, to the glory of i God, his name be magnified therefore, is nobly efifected,) by means of some / wants, and so returned. After many delays, (for great enterprises have very slow motions,) in June, 1583, he set forth again out of Causand-Bay, I and in St. John's Road, in the south part of New-found-land, Tie took sei- * sin for the crown of England with the ancient ceremony of cutting turf or rod. f But not to be tedious, I will leave many his attempts in this action, and I come to his lamentable period and shipwi-eck. Having lost his admiral, I ( before the loss whereof what strange voices were said to be heard by the I watch and those that stood at the helm is needless to report,) I will only I deliver his unfortunate loss. Having but two, and those small, ships left, I the Golden Hind of 40 tons, and the Squirrel of 10 tons, he would needs I adventure himself in the least ; many and earnest persuasions to the contra- f ry notwithstanding ; and as he changed his course to return for England, in f the very instant winding about, there passed between them and toward the land ( it is strange, and yet constantly averred by divers,) a very lion, to the seeming of all the beholders in the Golden Hind, in shape, hair, colour; not swimming after the manner of a beast with motion of his feet, neither yet diving sometime under and rising again as porpoises, dolphins, or other such fish are seen to do, but ghding or rather sliding on the water, with his whole body (legs excepted,) in sight; and notwithstanding the mariners in general presented themselves in open view and gesture to amuse him, (as all creatures will ordinarily at the sudden sight of men,) but passed along Chap. XV.] view of dbvonshire. 423 with turning his head to and fro, yawning and gaping wide, and for a fare- well, coming against the Golden Hind, sent forth a horrible and fearful voice, roaring, or bellowing, as doth a lion : which spectacle all plainly saw and beheld as far as they were able to discern it, as men prone to wonder at so strange a thing. This being passed, and instantly after, a great and violent storm and tempest afflicting them, the general, with his book in his hand, cried out, "we are as near to heaven here at sea as by land ;" reiterating the speech very oRenT weH heseemihg a soldier resolute in Christ Jesus, as he was" testified to be: so in short time after he was lost. What opinion others held thereof I speak not; but the general himself took it for bonum omen, rejoicing that he was to war against such an enemy, were it the devil. And what power that roaring lion, the malignant enemy of mankind, hath had and yet hath on the natives of that country, is now vulgarly knoAvn by the relations of many credible persons ; and therefore no mangel if he use all the violent force he can to withstand his stronger, who is now I coming to overcome him and take away from him all his armour wherein I he trusteth and divide his spoil ; and withstand their conversion by all j means, as storms, tempests, wrecks, and massacres; all which hath been felt / and endured. And now behold the infinite goodness of our God, who ever , from evil deriveth good ; for out of those crosses, turmoils, and afflictions, he hath caused to grow the fruit vv^e already see ; and much more we are to > hope for in New England, Virginia, and the New-found-land.* His son, Sir John, practised arms agreeable to the brave spirit of his an. cestors : was held an expert and ancient soldier even in his younger years, wherein he exphed :t was taken away when he gave not only hope but full assurance of great sufficiency to do his prince and country service. Here is also the seat of Hody at Neathway, Christopher Hody, esq., married Upton of Lupton : John Hody, eldest son, married Rogers of Can- nington, in Somersetshire : Gilbert Hody, brother to John, married Yard of Churston-Ferrers. * In the catalogue of the library of the late Richard Heber, esq., as sold by Sotheby in 1834, we observe in No. 3086 " Sir Ilumfrey Gilbert's Discourse of a Discoverie for a new passage to Cataia." H. Middleton, 1570. — G. O., — P. J. t In the Register of Marldon is the following memorandum, — "1608 the worshipful knight Sir John Gilberd ended his life 5th July, and brought from London to his Man- sion House at Compton 16th of the same month, and buried in Marldon Church ll»ih July."— G. ,— P. J. ^24 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK V. Kingswear is a hamlet in this parish, having a chapel of ease in it ; where hath been an ancient castle for defence of Dartmouth and to com- mand the haven : whereunto, as Leland saith, there went a creek into the land from the channel of the haven called Water-head; a little place wherein to build ships ; which was the inheritance of Gale. And now let us call for a boat to set us over to the fair town of Dartmouth. CHAPTER XVI. The Port- town of Dartmouth, Paignton, Torr, and Cockington; with the noble Family of Cary. That this town taketh denomination from the river Dart, and that the river hath relation to Dartmoor, hath been discovered. This was given by the Norman Conqueror to Judael de Totnes ; (which some call Ludhill ;) after, in ensuing ages, unto Cantelupe and Baron Zouch : but in process of time Michael de Tewkesbury and the Bryans did purchase this town, both in lands and all manner of customs, to them and their heirs, to the use of the town for ever. After, in the time of Edward III., it received a new charter of incorporation in consideration of two ships duly equipped that they had and should find (at their own charges,) for the king's service ; wherein their liberties and freedoms are enlarged ; as may be seen in that charter, dated 14th April, in the 15th year of his reign. It hath been often subject, in former ages, to the rapine and spoil of fo- reign enemies : namely, in the time of Henry IV., when the Lord du Cha- tel and the Marshal of Britany, resisted by the valiant town's-men and their loving wives, were repulsed with the loss of 400 men, and 200 taken prisoners. It hath annexed unto it two other villages, as Chfton and Hardness, which three now make but one town, and in some records is named Clifton- Dartmouth-Hardness, as in the parliament writ, to which it sendeth two burgesses. This haven is upon occasion chained, and hath a strong castle and other Chap. XVL] view of Devonshire. 425 defences for its security. It hath much flourished, since the sand by work- ing of tin- works hath greatly choaked the haven of Totnes. Here the Hawleys were men of fair revenues and great wealth, and had a seat called Hawley's-How ; of whom is yet remembered tliis proverb, — " Blow the wind high, blow the wind low, It bloweth good to Hawley's How." One of them Ueth in the chancel of his own structure, as is remembered in his epitaph. He is fairly portrayed in brass, and on the stone is this written, — " Hie jacet venerabilis vir Johannes Hawley, istius cancelle fundator; Obiit 1 Maii, A. D. 1408." The heir of the house matched with Coplestone.* We must leave this good harbour and betake ourselves to the sea, and passing Mewstone, so called of the birds so named which frequent it, and seeing Trinity Chapel, we must double the head-land of Berry-point, a pro- montory lying far out ; and now the wind being strong at the west let us imbay ourselves, for our more security, in Torbay. Here the shore falling back gives the sea free and large liberty to follow upon it, taking up well near some ten miles in compass, by which opportunity it maketh a large creek called the Bay of Tor, of Tormohun, or Tor Abbey, close seated upon it : a very safe harbour. Very near unto this place is a village where the Lord WUliam Brewer, so named for that his father was found in a heath-field, which in the Nor- man-French was called briewer, in New-forest, and taken up by King Hen- ry II. in a hunting, and proved a very good man, great and very gracious both in court and country. This his son was highly favoured by King Richard I., and generally beloved; and married Beatrice de Vannes, the reHct of Reginald, Earl of Cornwall; whose four daughters, (his son dying sans issue,) brought large patrimonies to their husbands. Wake, Braos, Mohun, and Percye, builded here an abbey and placed therein Premon- * It was originally thus, — " Hie jacet venerabilis vir Joannes Hauley, istius cancelle fundator qui obiit xxxmo die Decembris, Anno Dni MCCCCVIII dextra jacet uxor ejus prima nomine Johna que obiit xiio die Julii, Anno Dni Mile CCCmo nonagesio qrto : in parte (sinistra) Alicia que obiit vii die Januarii. Anno Dni Millo CCCmo tercio quo- rum animabus propicietur Deus. Amen." — G. O., — P. J. 426 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. stratensian Canons, as appeareth by their charter at the foundation : and at the general deluge, that ruined all such structures, was valued at £396. Os. lid. After the dissolution it came to be the possession of Rudg- way ; who re-edified those almost decayed cells to a newer and better form. It stands both pleasantly and commodiously both for sea and land, hav- ing Torwood, a fair and large demesne belonging to it, with other the like, and a bay or pier at the sea side. He married Southcot ; by the mother coheir to Barnhouse ; his son. Sir Thomas, created by King James I. Earl of Londonderry in Ireland. Near hereunto is Tormohun, taking its surname of the inhabitants of that family who held it in the time of Henry III. Here a little tribute comes to the sea from Compton-pole, in the parish of Marldon, and that parish a chapel to Paynton. This Dodescombe held in the time of Edward I. Another Compton possessed by a gentle family of the name, which yielded it with the heir of the house to GUbert. Here the family of Worth set a younger scion, which prospereth well. Petre had also a seat at Compton. This church of Marldon was builded by the ancestors of the Gilberts : one of them lieth there with his proportion cut in stone. Paignton, the sheaf whereof Bishop.Quivil impropriated to the Precentor- ship of Exeter, I must not forget to take view of, being the richest lordship in the whole county, and belonged to the see of Exeter, but now to the right honourable Philip, Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. Somewhat I must tell you, though with as much brevity as I may, of the huge and costly white-pot there made of late ; some term it a bag pudding. In former ages it was an annual action, and of that greatness that it is incredible to the hearer : but thence it hath the addition of white-pot, and called Paign- ton White- pot. We are come to Mary- church : a church builded in honour of the blessed Virgin. Of this place Sir Walleron Cirencester, in the reign of Henry III., and Sir Thomas, in Edward II. 's time, wrote themselves. Some will have this name and Chichester to be all one, but I cannot yield unto it ; for their names and armories so far differ. Aggenswell, alias Eggeswell: held by Fulk de Ferrers; and after by Coll, by whose heirs, with his other inheritance, it devolved into other families. Chap. XVI.] view of dkvonshire. 427 Blackdon : [this lies in Paignton :] held in Henry III.'s days by Sir Henrj' le Dennis, knif^ht ; whose heir brought it to the knightly tribe of Kirkham. Sir Nicholas Kirkham wrote himself thereof, tempore Edward II., and Nicholas was sheriiF of this county 12th Richard II.; and his pos- terity possesseth it (as I think) in this age. Richard married Cape : Sir William Tichborn : [ Mary, the daughter and heir of Kirkham, brought this inheritance, and herself, unto her husband. Sir George Blount, of Worces- tershire ; whose son. Sir Walter Kirkham Blount, bart., now enjoys it.] Cockington is now in our sight, worthy, for many good reasons to be viewed. Sir Roger de Cockington, knight, possessed it in the time of Ri- chard I., and five knights more of the name in succession, to which name their armories do consent and allude. Now is it the seat of the illustrious family of the Carys ; whose ancestors may be derived from Adam (I mean) Cary of Castle-Cary, and hath taken deep root and multiplied in this soil, and sprung to a fair height in many worshipful branches ; and by transmi- gration planted itself in other shires, where they like the country and the country them so well, that it bears honourable fruit. Of the worthies now living I will only name the titles : — Robert, Lord Cary of Lepington, Earl of Monmouth, and Henry, Lord Cary of Hunsdon, Viscount Rochford and Earl of Dover ; whose merit will require a far more sufficient pen to relate than mine. I win only speak somewhat of Sir John Cary, knight. Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer in the reign of Richard II. This knight neither able nor willing, like a willow, to bow with every blast of wind, (like another bold Bishop of Carlisle, [Thomas Merkes,] in the same cause and time.) so con- fidently and freely spoke his mind, opposing (in regard of oath,) the pro- ceedings for procurators to take the resignation of his master, King Ri- chard, his true and undoubted sovereign, that thereupon he was dis-officed, his goods and lands confiscated, and he liimself banished. — "Die mihi, Musa, virum." " Prompt me, Muses, if you can, And shew me such another man." Who like Achior the Amonite durst speak to Holifernes the truth, as noble Du Bartas saith, or Joshua Silvester after him, in these verses, — 428 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. " Beware, my Lord, beware how you come near This holy nation to his God so dear ; Because their God will be their sure defence. That God Almighty, whose omnipotence Can with a breath confound all kings that dare (As thou dost now,) 'gainst Him make open war." Or that more fitly with Nathan the prophet to tell King David, in plain words, — "thou art the man." — "Yea, thou art he that with a wanton theft Hast just Uriah's only lamb bereft ; And him, O horror ! [sin with sin is furthered,] Him with the sword of Ammon hast thou murthered." This worthy justicer married in a worshipful tribe of this his own country, the daughter of Robert Hollaway, of HoUaway, esq., and had issue Sir Robert Gary ; the tnie image of his father, not only, as Virgil said of As- canius' hkelihood to ^Eneas : — " Sic oculos, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat." Such were his eyes, his hands, his face. He walked and talked with such a grace." But rather in his virtues of wisdom, fortitude, and magnanimity ; for in skill of arms (which was not his father's profession,) he far excelled him ; procuring thereby great favour of the noble conqueror of France, Henry, then Prince, after Henry V. There was a knight errant, or travelling knight of Arragon, that haAong passed through divers countries, and performed many noble feats of arms, to his high commendation and fame, came into England in the time of Henry IV., and boldly challenged any man of his rank to make trial of his valour and skill in arms ; which Gary accepted. Between them there was a fierce and violent encounter and a long combat ; the like whereof is by the divine poet fitly expressed by this excellent simile, "As when in cock-pit two old cocks do fight, Brustling their plumes and red with rage do smite With spurs and beak, bounding at every blow. With fresh assaults freshing their fury, so That, desperate in their unyielding wrath, Nothing can end their deadly feud but death ; The lords about, that on both sides do bet. Look partially when one the field should get, Chap. XVII, ] view of Devonshire. 429 And trampling on his gaudy-plumed pride, His prostrate foe with bloody spurs bestride." So this son of Mars encountered and vanquished the Arragonist, and was by the king knighted and restored to part of his father's inheritance, and (as I am informed) to bear the arms of the knight of Arragon. I might make longer stay here, and speak of the two Sir George Carys, father and son ; the one, first Treasurer and afterwards Lord Deputy of Ireland ; the son, a great commander in those wars : of either of whom there is no issue remaining. [Sir Henry Gary, bart., exhausted all in the late civil wars, and it is now the inheritance of Rawlin Mallock, esq.] GHAPTER XVII. Of Chagford, Drewsteignton, Gidlegh, ; with the noble Family of Prouz. So now we have a fair and short cut to Teignmouth, where the river Teign, whence it derives the name, unloads itself; whose original we can seek ho where but in our daily supplier and nurseiy of rivers, Dartmoor : and this first as it passeth, with the help of another such river, do embrace Drewsteignton, where it leaves its name, and thereunto is added the landlord's name. Drew; in those days Drogo de Teign. From him it de- scended to Eugeniiis"T)abernon, alias de Aubernoun. But De Aubeney, who held it in the reign of Edward III., and was sheriff 31st of that king, and the same 21st Edward IV.; whose issue in the reign of Henry III. was created Earl of Bridgewater : his name Henry : the heir to which family is the now Earl of Bath. This Drogo de Teign, in the time of Richard I., granted to Parasius Al- recheston one farthing of land in his lordship of Fursham ; a hamlet in the same parish, bordering on the land of Water, son of Roger de la Furse : the witnesses were Philippus de Ackworth, William Talbot, William le Prouz, Richard GoU, and William Grostub. This tenement that Water de la Furs, alias Forse, then held was of no great yearly value, nor yet is ; yet that 3i 430 VIEW OF DKVONSHIRE, [BoOK V. race hath held it from two ages before Roger, and possesseth it at this time, but with far better appurtenances in more places than one. Another hamlet in this parish is West-Ch£Ford, which Stephens held in the Conqueror's time. There be divers illustrious families of the name of Clifford, as the noble Earl of Cumberland, and one anciently in this county. Sir Reginald in the time of Edward I. and II., and Sir John in the reign of Edward III. ; but what interest they had in this manor I find not, for they wrote themselves of Goddeford. Shilston is also a hamlet there. Of a place of that name Sir Richard Bauzan, under Henry III. and Sir John, under Richard I., wrote them- selves ; and Sir John Ashleigh. But in regard there are divers places of this denomination, I cannot precisely aver it was of this ; but for divers reasons do guess it to be here. There is Great-Worth, ahas Greatworthy, in the possession of New- combe ; of which family I have heard this (which though it be not strange to the height of a wonder, yet it is not ordinary,) reported that of that name had sons aU come to man's state, of such strength aU and activity that at any usual exercise of our country, as foot-ball, hurling, and wrestling (most excellent employments to enable young men to greater actions, though now discarded,) to match so many in that or any neighbour parish ; yet all these, two excepted, died issueless, and only one continues the name : this gentleman married Prouz. Now are we come to Chegford, alias Chagford, the fourth place we are to speak of where a tin-court is held; which was ver)- lamentable the 1st August, 1616, for the court held that day, the chamber wherein it was kept stood upon piUars, and those decayed, and the assembly at that court great- er than ordinary, the pillars and timber cleft in sunder and the walls fell in, and the steward, a gentleman of good descent and a counsellor-at-law, and nine others were suddenly slain; many more had their arms and legs bro- ken, being covered in the timber and stones : but that which seemeth most strange, a httle child was taken up from among the slain not anything hurt ; which is not to be shghted, though not to be made a wonder : for we know who saith that their angels do always behold the face of our Father which is in heaven. At the conquest. Dodo, a Saxon, was possessor of this borough ; and af- ter Hugo, surnamed of the place de Chagford ; then to Wibbury ; and by Chap. XVIL] view of Devonshire. 431 his heir, after some descents to Sir Richard Hiwise, or Huish, knight. He and his father, WiUiam, in the reign of Henry HI., wrote themselves of Hiwise. (where perchance I forgoc to remember them.) This was but one descent in that name, for his heir female possessed therewith Sir Robert Tresilian, Lord Chief Justice of England ; whom we may claim for a native for his knowledge in the law ; but he was subtle to deceive himself, which brought him to a disgraceful and shameful end. His heir (a simple silly creature, as it is recorded,) intitled Hawley therewith, of whom we have spoken at Dartmouth ; and his again enriched the White-spur therewith, by whicli title the great Coplestous were stiled ; now by alienation the man- sion-seat of Sir John Whiddon, knight, whose grandfather, of the same name and title, was also secondary Justice of the King's Bench : a man of high stomach and very well read in the laws of this land. He married the heir of Shilston : his son, Chudlegh : his son, now Sir John, married Ashford. Here flourisheth also (as saith Mr. Camden, and justly might he so say,) the clarous family of Prouz ; and so it doth at this day, though not per- chance in equal estate or addition of titles with them ; yet doth his deport- ment and actions express from whence he descended, and that he is no unwor- thy branch of so worthy a stock. They flourished in this kingdom (if we may give credit to traditions and no shght manuscripts,) even before the con- quest. This among other notes I find, that in the troop of those nobles that assisted WiUiam Duke of Normandy to conquer this realm there were sent a Wilhelmo Comite de la Prouz, alias Le Paux, octoginta naves cum qua- draginta mUitibus : but not to insist longer upon that (wherein I could tell you some not improbable tales,) we wiU descend to the age of Henry HI., when Peter de Prouz (which it may be was the first that inhabited this coun- ty: for before they were seated at St. Probus in Cornwall, and in divers deeds written diversly, as de Probus, de Prouz, de Prous, and perchance de PrateUis ; or else there was another family of that name ;) married Mary, eldest daughter and, in fine, sole heir to William de Vernon, Earl of Devon, (the reUct of Sir Robert Courtenay, knight,) by Mabel his wife, one of the coheirs of Reginald, Earl of Cornwall, natural son to Henry I. He suc- ceeded Robert le Prouz, who man-ied the sole heir of Giles do Gidlegh. This, or his father, was steward to Richard, Earl of Cornwall, elected em- peror of the Romans, second son to King John. The next Sir WiUiam married the daughter of Sir Fulk de Ferrers, and had in frank marriage the 432 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. manor of Throwley. Another Sir William married the daughter and heir (as some will.) of Sir Walter le GifFard, the Lord of Aveton Giffard. And he, I think it was, or his father, that gave his daughter in marriage to Sir Roger le Moelis, Baron of North Cadbury. That knight ordained by his last will and testament to be buried with his ancestors at Lustlegh, but his executors buried him at Holbeton, After some time the Lady Alice MoeHs, his daughter, understanding the will of her father for his interment was not performed, petitioned John Grandisson, then Lord Bishop of Ex- eter, that he might be taken up, and according to his will and desire buried at Lustlegh, which was granted ; and to that purpose I find a mandatum ; which in regard that things of this nature are not obvious, and some will be as willing to see it as I myself was, I shall fairly give the sight thereof.* This knight, or another Sir William, his son, who was also Dominus de Gidlegh, had four sons ; the first, Sir William, whom he left lord of Gid- legh and Throwley, &c.; the second. Sir Richard, to whom he gave Aish- riston, now Ashton, &c.; the third. Sir Hugh, to whom he gave Staple- Helion, Gatcomb, and Widworthy. Of these three knights, having no heirs but females, are sprung many dignous families. Of the first, Damerel, Northcot, Wibbery ; and from one of these Goad, &c.: of the second, Chud- legh : of the third, Chichester, &c, * As the Writer has given it so very incorrectly, we present it in its accurate form. See the Bishop's Register, vol. 11. fol. 131. b.: — "Registrum venerabilis in Christo patris Domini Johannis, Dei gratia Exoniensis Episcopi, inceptum in manerio ejusdem patris apud Chuddelegh, die Mercurii in festo Sancti Luce Evangeliste, videlicet, 18 die mensis Octobris, A. D. 1329, consecrationis sue tertio inclpiente. " Mandatum ad exhumandum corpus Domini Willielmi Proucz, Militis. — Quarto deci- mo Kalendarum Novembris apud Chuddelegh emanavit mandatum Domino Henrico, Vicario Ecclesie de Holbogheton, sub hac forma. " Johannes dilecto filio et ex parte nobilis mulieris Domine Alicie de Moeles nobis est intimatum, quod cum nobilis vir Dominus Willielmus Proucz, pater suus, miles, paro- chianus Ecclesie de Lustelegh corpus suum disposuisset in ultima sua voluntate in dicta Ecclesia de Lustelegh sepeliri; quidam tamen corpus ipsius in Ecclesia de Holbpgheton sepelire nimis voluntarie presumpserunt. Volentes igitur ut tenemur pias et honestas voluntates exequi defunctorum, vobis committimus et mandamus, quatenus si, per legi- timam inquisitionem vocatis et vocandis, ita esse inveneritis, ossa prefati Militis cum reverencia qua decet facialis exhumari, et apud Ecclesiam predictam de Lustelegh quam prime commode poteritis, transportari. Datum &c." — G. O,, — P, J. Chap. XVII.] view of Devonshire. 433 The fourth son was WiUiam Le Prouz, lord of Estervale and Westervale, whose issue in the male line doth continue to this time in worshipful rank. He married Arscot, by a daughter of St. Leger : his father, Harris : his grandsire, Southcot. Her epitaph you may see in St. Peter's Church at Exeter. The tithing and manor of Rushford de vado scirpino lieth between this parish and Drewsteignton, which in foregoing times had lords of the name : the last of which name was Sir William Rushford, knight ; whose daugh- ters, by their matches, dismembered the inheritance : Alice brought this and Little-Manaton to Le Moyn ; the other, Middleton, &c. to Crispin. To this there was a chapel of ease belonging, long since decayed ; in whose ruins grew an oak which always bore white leaves. In this church, besides divers armories, is a monument thus circumscribed, " Here lieth Sir John Whiddon, knight, Judge of the King's Bench, who end- ed his life 28th January, A. D. 1575." Southing, in this parish, is ancient demesne land and not unaptly termed Terra Regis, for the king is lord thereof, and they are all free tenements, a mill only excepted. Passing from Chagford we are travelling to The moor to find Gidlegh, where, if we take not great heed, we may soon wander and stray, and so make longer stay in this coarse place than we wiUingly would ; and, peradventure, I shall by some be thought to lead you in a pixy-path by telling an old tale, and yet perchance new to you, of one Martine, Duke and Earl of Cornwall, &c. ; who granted to his nephew, Giles de Gidlegh, the manor of Gidlegh : of the truth of which donation albeit some make doubt and question, and some utterly deny ; yet I shall not forbear to tell you that I have seen such a probable instrument ; the original very fair, but partly unlegible, with a very authentical and large seal, included in a box for the more security of the impression, a triple tow- ered castle : it was exemplified under the great seal of England 8th Henry VIII.* * We think it would be a tax on the patience and judgment of the Reader to put it in print.— G. O.,— P. J. 434 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. CHAPTER XVIII. Of Cheriton, Dunsford, Bridford, Dunchideock, Ashton, and othei- places in our way to Chudleigh. Now have we passed with our river Teign out of the coarse soil, having seen Gidlegh and Throwley near unto it, which came from Ferrers to Prouz, and after from Moehs to Coad ; and leaving the vale-dicite of the duke's donation to your due consideration, we will pass Crockernwell, and so come to Cheriton, which hath two distinctions to be known from another of that name, the one South, for the site ; and the other of his sometime landlord, the Lord Bishop of Exeter, Cheriton- Bishop. Here is the hamlet of Eggebeer, held by one of that name long since ; after by Kelly ; now by Fulford. Midleton, of some Mydland, possessed by one of the generous tribe of Davie. Farwood belonged to the Abbey of Quarrer, now to Upton. We receive here as great a subsidy as a little brook can give us, all it hath : so come we to Dunsford, which the Lord Bishop of Exeter also owned: yet one tells me it sometime belonged to Canon's Legh; but now to the knightly and dignous family of Fulford of Fulford, de vado pleno ; or Foulford, de turpi vado. Of this ancient family I have seen evidence of the age of Richard Coeur de Lion, which at this present age flourisheth in equal state with his noble ancestors. Their condition was much improved by the match with the daughter and coheir of Sir Baldwin de Belstone. Then Sir Baldwin Fulford, not to be spoken of without due respect and re- membrance of his worth and valour: he of whom it is recorded that for the honour and liberty of a royal lady besieged in her castle, he fought a brave and resolute combat with a Saracen, for stature a very unequal match, as the representation shows — impar congressus AchiUi, yet subdued him, get- ting the victory with the death of his adversary. Of whose daughter, mar- ried to Wise, is descended the noble house of the Russells, now Earls of Bedford; and by another daughter, to Cary, the two noble houses of Mon- mouth and Dover. This knight, the now possessor, married the daughter and coheir of Samways : his father, Bamfield : and the next two before Chap. XVIII,] view op Devonshire. 435 them, Dennis and Bouchier of Bath: his son, : his grandson, a daughter of Kellond of Painsford : his great grandson, first, a sister of the Lord Pawlet of Hinton-St. -George; and second, the coheir of Tucktield ; but yet without any hving issue. We leave Dunshideok, alias Dunchideock, not long since the inheritance of Budocushed, alias Butshead, by the heir of that house; now Gorges. And Doddescombs-Legh, or Doddescombs-Farm ; of which Sir Ralph Dodef?- comb vFTote himself in the age of Henry III. : whose inheritance accrued to Pollard and Tremain, who quarter also their armories. Then have we on the right hand Bridford, or rather Brigford. Britrica, a Saxon, held it in elder times ; and in our age Champernon. Therein is a farm called Westcot, whose inheritor prescribes above 300 years, as by the evidence he hath yet to show plainly appears : it is not great, but a com- petency ; and therewith the tribe contented itself these many years ; de- scended, as should seem, of generous family : for to their ancientest evi- dence of the name, there is yet to be seen a seal dependant, whose impres- sion, on green wax, is, a chevron between three things, but what doth not appear. This race surely contented themselves with this competent estate, never putting themselves into public offices to get, perchance, fame, but as- suredly envy ; nor ever endeavoured to enlarge their possessions ; yet with a careful frugality to preserve the main chance and not to lessen it. Of them and their like the poet speaks thus, — " The vain desires of Indian treasures great Made ne'er his ship to sail or oar to beat ; The greedy hope of gain with vent'rous danger Made ne'er his sword be drawn to serve a stranger; He never sold, within the wrangling bar. Deceitful clatters causing clients' jar ; But quietly manured his little field, And took th' increase thereof that time did yield." Next is in our way Moortown, the town in the moor, or moorish-soil, bordering on the forest of Dartmoor : it hath the adjunct of Hampstead. It hath a Saturday's market, and three fairs, St. Margaret's, St. Michael's, and St. Andrew's days. It was eminently the king's demesne, and afterward William de Mandevile, third Earl of Essex and Albemarle, was possessed thereof, who lived in the time of Henry II., for he gave parcel of this ma- 436 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. nor to Elias Foord ; in w^hich race it continued many descents, even to our age. Then a female brought it to Charles, and his issue male soon ended. Pipardon, anciently the land of Sir John Pipard in Edward II., and Wil- Ham in Edward III.'s days ; where Wood dwelleth. And Wray, which was long since held by William de Cheverston ; then by the name of Abbot : for I read — " Badulphus Abbot fuit seisitus in mane- rio de Wray." By Archinalds, heir female of that name, it descended for three descents to Norris ; and in the three next descents, successively, to Wray. Laforde and Corset, the last after four descents, possessed by his daugh- ter Southmead therewith. I am the more particular in this in regard we may thereby conceive the better of the changeable and interchangeable va- riety of possessors of manors since this in so few years, not by sale, but succession, altered seven. In this parish are two great rocks to be seen afar off, distant the one from the other near three miles, distinguished by the several names of Whitestone and Blackstone. The last named seemeth somewhat strange to the spectator; to some a fearful wonder; for it is a very huge rock set upon another of much less quantity, which it overlayeth far on each side, embossed with so great a belly that many men and beasts may be sheltered under the coverture thereof ; and though to some it seem- eth fearful and falling, yet it is so equally poised that there is no doubt. So it pleaseth nature to frame things ; for by her I suppose it to be done, and not by man : for so (it is so huge of proportion,) how they came there might supply the repute of a wonder, but much more how so mounted. We are come to Christow, alias Christenstow, which the Abbot of Bee, in Normandy, held under Henry III.: and therein is Teign-Canon; by which addition it should show itself to have belonged to some canons.* There was a very ancient family of the Christenstows, now extinct, whose armories Dennis of Holcombe quartered. Then with due respect it salutes Ashton, or Ashriston ; a place, per- chance, replenished with ash trees, and thereof took name, and gave the like to a tribe of good worth ; whose daughter and heir brought it to Sir Herveius de Hihon ; after him Sir Alan us ; and lastly Sir Robert ; whose heir enriched therewith Sir Fulk Ferrers ; from whom to Prouz ; and by him to the dignous family of Chudlegh, which is very ancient and worship- * It belonged to the Canons of Merton in Surrey. — G. 0.,— P. J. Chap. XIX.] view of Devonshire. 437 ful in this country, and have flourished successively many descents, yet spread itself into few branches. It hath had alliance with sundry noble houses, as Beachanip, Beamond, and Stourton. This baronet, with Strode, his father, a brave courtier and excellent man at arms, and of so noble a spirit and resolution that he thought to be third to those two famous navi- gators, Drake and Cavendish, to compass the globe and to act some noble service to his queen and country, but he lived not to accomplish it ; for as he was a man composed of the best qualities of virtue, so of the worst of fortune. Speke anciently Espec : his grandfather the daughter and heir of Stretchlegh, as he formerly of Golde. In this parish is Bremhill, the long possessed place by Staplehill ; which is so ancient as it is now clean worn out : and the two sisters and coheirs, Amy and Ehzabeth, the former enriched therewith Clifford, whose name speaks his descent, and doctor of divinity his worth, profession, and faculty ; and the latter Prouz. Trusham is so little we can hardly find it, but the sooner pass- it, and so we come to Chudleigh. CHAPTER XIX. Of Chudleigh, Bovey, Neioton, Ogtvell, and Haccombe ; wherein of the noble Family of Careio ; with some other places and families. Chudleigh is an ancient market town, frequented with great resort of neighbour parishes every Saturday; and two fairs, St. Barnaby's and St. Martin's days. It is a great thoroughfare, lying in the highway from Ply- mouth to Exeter; and did belong to the Bishop of Exeter until of late years. The worthy family of Chudlegh is supposed of some to take name from hence. Ugbrookwas sometime inhabited by Sir Peter Courtenay, knight, second son of Sir William Courtenay of Powderham, knight; of whose niece is descended the family of Calmady. Near thereunto was also a sept of Wichehalsse, now also extinct; yet Hunt and Eastchurch keep their habitation in this parish. 3k 438 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. Here have we a good subsidy from the river Bovey, which having run equal course with Teign, coining both out of one and the same nursery of Dartmoor, runneth to North-Bovey and nameth it, and the addition it hath of North is to be distinguished from other of the name. In this parish Pipard held land ; af- ter the Lord Latimer ; Sir Thomas Nevil after him ; then Cecyll. This riveret parts Manaton, alias Magneton, and Lustlegh. Many have possessed lands here: in the Confessor's time Gilbert; after Sauls, Horton, Le Moyn, and others. Lysleigh, or Lustleigh : held by Galfridus de Mandevile, by Widworthy, and Prouz ; whereof this last was termed Lord of Lustleigh; and we were in- formed that before the reign of Edward I. divers dignous famihes (whereof, among many, this shall serve for an instance,) have had the addition of lord and baron, but he abrogated it ; and after his time none had that attribute and the honour and title of baron, but such as the kuig called by special summons to his high court of parliament. At Manaton Sir Robert le Denis inhabited and held it of Patricius de Cadurcis, Chaworth, or Chawort. Another Bovey hath the adjunct of her ancient lord, the noble family of Tracy : after George, Duke of Clarence ; from and by whose death it came to the crown. At Indiho is the fruitful family of Southcot. He married Poole : his father, Seymour : his son. Sir Popham, Berkeley. Below which it is begirt, in the way between Exeter and Plymouth, with a fair stone bridge, which bears the name of Jew's-Bridge, as built by a e-entleman of that name , for such one there was, a man at arms, in the time of Edward H.: of which family you will find more in Cotley. In the church, besides many armories, I find these two or three epitaphs : On Mr. Rider : — " Here sleeps his body, while his soul divine, Like as the stars, in firmament doth shine." On his wife " Here doth her body sleep in clay. In which her Jesus will it raise, And sleep it must till the last day; Unto his glory and her praise." In the church-yard on a tomb : — " Though I died young and laid in grave, The longest liver an end must have." Chap. XIX.] view of dkvonshirk. 439 Ilsington, or Ilstinton, where the two lords of Zouch and Compton had land, and sometimes Philip de Bellomonte. Here resides in this age a re- mainder of the knightly stirp of the Pomeroys. He married Drew : his fa- ther, Copleston. At Bagtor is a family of Ford ; of which name there are three divers fa- milies, all generous, and distinguished by divers armories. This married a daughter of Sir Henry Roe : his father, the heir of Drake : his grandsire, Popham. Teign-Grace and Teign-Bruer, the smaller issue of our river. The latter was held by Geoffery Brewer, by whose only issue, a daughter, it came to Le Grace ; who held Teign-Grace : so possessing both, his only daughter entitled Copleston therewith. Here is also a tribe of the Marshals. Here have we an augmentation from Ashcombe, which was held by Sir Nicholas Kirkham, knight, in Edward I.'s time. And Ideford, where Arundell (Paulett) and Southcot held land. And Bickington, where Fursland inhabiteth. Then Highwick (not Huic, as some pronounce, and make it a pronoun, the da- tive case of Hie,) yields us a pretty stream. This was held by Sir Richard Tremenet, ahas De Tribus Minutis, knight, in the reign of Richard I. Newton is next in our way : a pretty little market town, made of two, distinguished by the name of Abbot, as belonging to Tor- Abbey : and Bushel, as being the inheritance of a gentleman of that name, who pos- sessed it in the time of Edward H.; and three descents after Elizonta, ( I name her the rather for that methinks the name sounds rarely pretty,) the only heir of the house, brought it to Roger at Yard ; a younger branch of which race at this day enjoys it. It hath a Wednesday market. Upon this riveret stands Ulbear, or Wolbear, and therein Ford, which appertained to the Abbey of Tor ; and at the surrender bought by Gaverick, whose coheirs were married to Drew, Marshal, and Hayman ; who sold their several interests unto Sir Richard Reynel, knight, who hath beautified it with a fair house. He is a fair branch of the house of Ogwel ; but having but one only daughter increaseth not the name, but hath married her to Sir William WaUer of Kent ; [whose daughter and heir brought it to her husband, Sir WiUiam Courtenay of Powderham- Castle, whose dwelling now it is.] This river comes from the two Ogwels, east and west. The first was held by Robert de Malston, and the other by Richard Clavil, in the age of 440 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE. [BoOK V. Edward I. ; now both in the possession of the worthy and fruitful tribe of Reynel ; of which there are branched forth divers fair progenies, both in this shure and others ; and at this time five knights, three brothers and two nephews : whereof may be perceived that the state of this county differs much from Cornwall some seventy years since, when all the knights there- in, and the sheriff, had but one eye. This married in his own tribe : his father Aylworth : his grandfather, Southcot. [A younger brother of the present gentleman, Thomas Reynel, esq., is now Lord Chief Justice of Ire- land and a knight, by name Sir Richard Reynel.] This family also posses- seth Holbeam ; which gave name and long habitation to that ancient race, enjoying it many descents, and in this age alienated. The two Carswels, alias Kerswels, known by the several names of King's- Kerswel and Abbots- Kerswel; the first being at the conquest the demesne of the crown. In the time of Henry VII. Baron Dinham, Lord High Treasurer, held it ; which, with his other lands, descended to his four sis- ters : but, as I remember. Baron Moelis had it, together with the honour of the hundred of Haytor, (which contains twenty-two parishes,) in the reisrn of Edward I. The other Abbots-Kerswel, so named for that it belonged to the Abbey of Sherborne. Then is Coffins-Well, belonging to the Coffin family. Of this famUy we find Sir Hugo Coflfin, of Combe-Coffin, or Coffin-Pyne, in the age of Rich- ard I. ; Sir Hugh of the same in the time of Henry III. ; and Sir Elias of this place : but presently after, in Edward's reign. Sir Robert de Scobba- huU : in later times, by the heir of Coll, it descended to Prideaux. Haccombe, which Ulfus anciently held, and after him Sir Jordanus Fitz Stephens ; called, by his there inhabiting. Sir Jordan de Haccombe. Cicely, his sole heir, brought it to Sir John Lerchdeacon ; so called of his predecessors, and not from church dignity, as some have supposed : who, by her had a very fruitful issue, especially of males, nine, whereof seven died without issue ; only Richard, the third son, had, by Joan Bosower, Thomas, in whom ended the name Lerchdeacon of all that numerous issue. Warren, the second son, by EHzabeth, coheir of John Talbot de Castro Richardi, had three coheirs ; whereof the second mamed Sir Ai-undell of Talvem, and died without issue ; Eleanor, the eldest, was wife to Sir Walter Lucy, of whom came the Lord Vaux ; Philip, the third, was second wife to Sir Philip Courtenay, of Boconock in Cornwall, and brought him only a Chap. XX.] view of Devonshire. 441 daughter, named Joan, married to Sir Nicholas Baron Carew, (whose mo- nument, for his great merits of king and country, you may find in the Ab- bey of Westminster, among the royal princes,) by whom she had issue five. sons which multiphed very much the houses of the Carews. For some un- kindness or rash undutifulness offered the mother by the eldest son, Thomas, (for to speak truly, after the death of the father there is seldom good agree- ment between the heir of the house and the mother,) she divided sixteen manors among her four youngest sons : this Haccombe, the seat of one, and four manors ; to whom also fell by entail the third brother's inheritance, which was four more ; Crocum the fourth, and the fifth was West- Antony. Her second husband was Sir Robert Vera, second son to Richard de Vere, eleventh Earl of Oxford, Lord Bulbeck, Samford and Scales, and Great Chamberlain of England; to whom she brought John de Vere: whose son, John, (for we may not forbear to shew you what worthies our country hath yielded,) was fifteenth Earl of Oxford, &c. The Carews flourisheth here at this present ; having married Clifford : his father. Hill : his uncle, that died without issue, Fortescue of Fillegh. Bat I must not forget to tell you that John Carew, of Haccombe, was a commander in the army that was sent into Italy, 19th Henry VIII., to rescue Pope Clement VII., taken prisoner by the emperor's general : this army was commanded by Odet de Fois, com- monly called Monsieur de Lawtrich ; and the army writeth in Latin, Exerci- tus Anglise et Gallorum Regum pro Pontifice Romano hberando congregatus. CHAPTER XX. Of Combinteignhead, the Teigntons, Teignmouth, Dawlish and Mamhead. Now draw we near to Comb-in-Teignhead, a very fruitful soil. Tlie Earl of Bath hath a manor here. Leland calleth the west point of this land (as Mr. Tristram Risdon tells me,) the Ness, of stretching forth ; in Latin, Extentio ; in the British, Ney or Nesse. Stokin-teiguhead ; possessed by Roger de Clifford in Henry III.'s reign : now Speccot holds lands there. 442 VIEW OP DEVONSHIRE. [ BoOK V. At Gabwel dwelt Seward, whose two coheirs entitled ChaiFe and Furlong therewith. Here at Buckland is the seat of Huckmoor, who married the coheir of Mychel : his father Floyer : his grandsire. Cruse. There is a hamlet named Rocomb-Cadhue, which Osmar, then Barnard, and now Speccot enjoyeth. Ringmoore owned by Carew. Then on the other hand are two of the chiefest issue of our river Teign, Teingtown-Bishop and ( Teignton surnamed royally) King's-Teignton. In the first, where (for that there was anciently a sanctuary (the sacred privilege,) with the immunities and liberties, no man, in elder times durst violate, though they patronized many ungracious livers,) John Grandisson, Bishop of Exon, (a noble prelate, descended out of the royal house of the Duke of Burgundy,) as prophesying or presaging what would in future times ensue : to the great estate of the clergy then held, built a fair house to the end his successors (the words of his testament are even these,) might have a place to lean unto or lay their heads, if haply their temporalities should be seized ; which was oftentimes moved and sundry times eagerly attempted, and like (as it did,) to take effect at last into the king's hands. But so far was he from being able to prevent destiny, (and to effect his de- sired purpose, to preserve and maintain the state of the clergy,) that his successors have not lost that selfsame house alone, but therewithall weU near dis-seised of all the rest. Teign-Regis, or Kingsteignton ; which the conqueror held in his own hand. Some land is there held by the Cliffords at this day. Mary Bur- don, reUct of Robert Burdon, claimed to hold in dower, 1295. I should have told you somewhat before of the manor of Teignweek and Teign-bridge ; for length very long and rather to be termed a causeway than a bridge ; yet hence the hundred of Teign-bridge takes name ; which con- tains thirteen parishes. Here the river spreads itself at large, bathing and thereby enriching much land, which feeds many beasts to the butchers' gain as well as the graziers'. We are come to this river. Single-mouth ; though it have a double name where it disgorgeth itself into the sea, for it nameth two towns, East and West Teignmouth. At this haven the Danes (then noted for common pilferers,) used to pira- cies upon these coasts, Normandy, and France, at the wane of the Saxons' strength and government, about the year of our Lord 790, landed ; but Chap. XX.] view op dkvpnshirk. 443 only as it were to discover the commodities of the havens, the wealth of the country, and the strength and courage of the inhabitants, to gather some advantage (if they saw means,) to make way for a greater power which was to follow them. The news of their landing brought to the prefect, sheriff, or king' lieu- tenant for that place, he went himself presently with more haste than good speed to demand the reason of their hither coming ; and upon some their harsh answer, attempting to seize on some of them to bring them to the king's presence, they instantly stabbed him and escaped, which they took for bonum omen, a fortunate presage of ensuing good success, which proved true, in the many victories and inroads wherewith they afterward han-owed and overcame the whole kingdom : for from the time of their first landing to their final expulsion, by Mr. Grafton's computation, was no less than 255 years ; whereof they played rex little less than thirty years : yet for the present the inhabitants enraged with the loss of their chief, (valiantly ad- vancing themselves in greater number to revenge this insolency and wrong,) killed divers of the Danes in the place, enforcing the remnant to save them- selves by flight to their ships. This is said to be the original cause that gave provocation to the Danes to attempt their ensuing conquests. Yet there are two other reasons alledged, whereof one for the strangeness I cannot forbear to impart unto you. Lothbrook, (in English leather-breech,) a nobleman of the royal lineage of the Danes, flying his hawk near the sea-shore, his hawk with her game fell into the sea, which to save he presently took a boat, but with the vio- lence of a storm and tempest presently arising, he was driven upon the coast of Norfolk at Raddam, from whence he was presently brought to the king's presence, to whom he declared his birth and strange adventure, and was kindly entertained, and for his skill and experience in hawking was of the king much esteemed : but Beric, the king's falconer, envying this his favour, and storming at his own desistance in the king's sight, finding a fit oppor- tunity (they being single together in a dark wood,) murdered Lothbrook ; whose body being found by his spaniel, Beric was convicted and by sentence of justice was put into Lothbrook's boat, and in like sort, without either sail or tackling. But his fortune was also very strange, for he was driven upon the Danish coast, even into the self-same place whence Lothbrook put forth. The boat being known and he examined what was become of Lothbrook, he 444 VIEW OF DEVONSHIRE, [BoOK V. traitorously (as he was a murderer,) laid the murder on King Edmund. The Danish king herewith incensed raised presently a mighty army, and made captains thereof Hungar and Hubba, the two sons of Lothbrook. And this enough, if not too much, of the Danes. But now again to Teignmouth, ostium fluvii Ting. The manor of West- Teignmouth is an ancient borough, (owned by the Bishops of Exeter,) to which they gave 300 acres of land, and the inhabitants vaunt for antiquity that they may prescribe before Exeter. It hath a fair now every Good-Fri- day, much frequented ; which in former elder times was kept on the Sun- day, and though the contrary was commanded yet people would not for- bear until King Henry III. commanded the sheriff to raise posse commita- tus, and so to abrogate the same. In the upper end of the church in great capital letters (as I am in- formed,) is this written, "Pray for the souls of Thomas Smith and Clement his wife, John Smith and Isabel his wife, all good benefactors." East-Teignmouth, on the other side of the river, the building whereof argueth antiquity; in ancient times of far better esteem and much more inhabited, and had certain immunities and privileges, and a strong prison; but, for want of some castle or fortification, subject to foreign invasions, as by the Danes already spoken of : so also as Mr. Stow saith in his Annals, in 14th Henry III., 1341, certain French pirates coming upon the coasts set it on fire and burnt the greatest part thereof ; [as it was also by the royal fleet of France that lay in Torbay about the year of our Lord 1 690, in the wars between King WiUiam III. of England and the confederates, and Louis XIV. the French king ; at which time the French admiral sent in some galUes and boats, and whoUy destroyed it.] Their fair is on St. Michael's day. Teign St. George joineth to one of these. East from this town is Doules, or Dawlish. The Bishop of Exeter held it in the Conqueror's time, and it now belongeth to the Dean and Chapter of St. Peter's, Exon. Here is plenty of fish taken, which is the greatest benefit that it hath. In this parish Holcombe is a tithing, long time belonging to that name, which was a generous race of very good respect in this tract ; now the land of Smith. Here falls in a httle brook which cometh from Mamhead, ahas Manhead; this may be Manyhant, whereof one writes William Wickham was parson Chap. XX.] view of Devonshire. 445 in Devon* when he was archdeacon of Lincoln. Radalphus held three rods of land at Mameheved in the Conqueror's time. It was after held by Hugh Peverel of Henry le Speke, and after Johannes de Carew : now here in- habiteth a generous family of Balle. He married Coke : his father, Cople- ston : his grandsire, the daughter and heir of Bridges. So have I shut up in a harsh phrase a tedious discourse, spent only in honour of my native soil. Now if my compass and my card be true, I am not far from that desired coast Where I shall pay my vows and promise due Unto my country, of whose great grace I boast. I looked erst with pale and cheerless hue, For fear in this wide ocean to be lost; But now methinks I see, I now see surely. The bay in which I harbour shall securely. * There is not a shadow of foundation for Westcote's belief that the famous William Wykham was parson here. The fact is, this distinguished ecclesiastic (he was conse- crated Bishop of Winchester 10th October, 1367, and died 27th September, 1404, eef. 80,) and Majcenas of learning, was admitted by Bishop Grandisson to the valuable living o( Menheniot, in Cornwall, on 24th October, 1365, on the presentation of its then patron, Ralph de Carmenhow, (Reg. vol. 3. fol. 152.) and resigned it a twelvemonth later, when he was succeeded in the same benefice 17th November, 1366, by John de Campedene, his confidential friend and Executor, (ejusdem Reg. fol. 152) whose splendid monumental brass at St. Cross', Winchester, is well known to several of our Readers. We may be allowed to add, that Bishop Grandisson had collated this same William Wykham, priest, to a Canonry and Prebend in the Royal Chapel of Boseham, in the diocese of Chi- chester, on 15th March, 1362-3. (fol. 149. vol. 3. Reg.) Bishop Grandisson, as patron of the Royal Chapel at Boseham, on 30th September, 1365, authorized the said Wil- liam Wykham to exchange his Prebend of Appuldurham there, for that of Malaghidry (Malahidard) in the Cathedral Church of St. Patrick, Dublin, with John de Troye. G. 0.,— P. J. END OF WESTCOTE S VIEW OF DEA'ON, 3l 446 TO THE GENEROUS READER. (a postscript by way of apology.) Courteous Sir (for if generous, you cannot but be courteous,) that have vouchsafed to turn over this bundle of waste paper, thinking to find somewhat worthy of your pains, (but now see your expectation deceived,) be pleased to bear with the weakness of my memory in forgetting to salute you at your first entrance, for now I come tandem aliquando to give you (for you are not ever)^ body,) a farewell at your departure ; without peradventure if you be come thus far, you have viewed all over, and with your own lynx' eyes, so quick of sight, you have seen more in this than myself could ; and to your ingenuity not Sphinx's eenigmata are obscure. Yea, some I know can number the atoms in the sun, and shew the weight of my errors at a grain, I am he that must answer for all : the best is somewhat more at leisure than I have been lately : and sith we live in such an age, in which nothing can escape the envious touch and backbiting tongue of mahcious mouths, and every blind corner hath a squint-eyed Zoilus that can look aright upon no man's doings, and a stomach ill-afiected can relish no meat how whole- some or comfortable soever ; if you will shew yourself to be as I have en- titled you, and my friend as I take you, discover unto me (for you have heard all the sundry diversities of opinions in what I have deviated,) what things are most liable to exceptions : I intend not in phrase or style, (which is al- ready confessed,) barren, rude, and illiterate ; but in the matter itself and method. You have granted me at first, and therefore I acknowledge you generous ; and you, of all men, and only you, shall hear my defence ; for I intend not to give sops to the Stygian dog, nor sohcit the viperous tongue to silence. Let me know my accusations. 1st Objection. — You are taxed for overlading divers with superlative commendations . Answer. — And I again, on the other side, think (and so do many others,) that I shoot far short of the height of their merits : and this talker, if he be THE AUTHOR S APOLOGY. 447 of this county, and shall equal those I have commended in their noble de- serts, I will amphfy his encomium to an higher strain ; for I suppose if he may have a good share allowed him therein, he will be pacified and well contented it shall pass as no error : yet there is nothing soundeth so harsh in the malcontent's ears as another's commendation ; whereunto yet, per- haps, he will fashionably and coldly assent, but with such an after-clap of exception as will quite mar his former allowance. But I hope none will be like minded with him, whom a modern poet thus describeth, — "They do not love encomiastic stories, Ur for to read their predecessors' glories ; For good report to all men they deny, And both the living and the dead envy ; Yea, some of them I do think had rather Lose all good fame than share it with their father." Yea, this was the chief of my intention, with the more facility and alac- rity to incite and provoke their successors to such like virtuous and honour- able actions, to merit equal praise with their ancestors ; for examples are more forcible to persuade to virtue than bare precepts ; insomuch as I read in Cicero that nothing could be well and sufficiently taught without examples. The same is confirmed by the tale of a country lady of a coarse complexion, who doubting to bring forth children as hard favoured as herself, beautified her house with many excellent fair pictures which she daily and stedfastly beheld ; whereby is intended that setting before the eyes of our memory the noble acts and virtuous hves of excellent men, especially our ancestors, is the readiest way to fashion our qualities to theirs. And it is probable that C. Caesar did ground that imitation of his grandfather, in which he did de- scend to such particularities that he laboured as much as in him lay to be pari habitu baud multum distantibus verbis, not much unlike him either in gesture, habit, action, or discourse ; finding, it should seem, that the same aflfectation of nearness and simihtude, although in things of mean conside- ration, did help to settle and enfeoff him in the grace and favour of Tibe- rius ; whereby he had some means to compass likewise and effect his own designs. Making therefore choice of some of every family, especially such as I could justly (without exception) fasten and rivet commendation on, (not easily to fall or be pulled off,) either for martial, civil, or^ecclesiastical vir- 448 THE AUTHOR S APOLOGY. tue; those I have registered chiefly in the catalogue of worthies; for death cometh by nature to all alike, only there is a difl"erence of memory to pos- terity. 2nd Objection. — You have flattered some for favour or profit. A. — This vain aspersion was cast by some one left-handed, that is apt to take things in the worst sense ; for you may perceive he never knew the definition of flattery, which is nothing but false friendship, fawning hypo- crisy, dishonest civility, base merchandising of words, a plausible discord of the heart and lips : and to whom should I use this — whom, I beseech you, should I flatter ? those that have lain hundreds of years in their graves ! and with the famous cynic ask and seek favours, largess, and profit, or gratitude of images, pictures, and statues ! or, perchance, of some later in- terred, whose worthiness was not fully known or rightly noted ere they were wanted ! Of either of these I have not set down a syllable more than I have read in authentic works, or learned in such places or of such persons as for their place could not but know, and for their credit and profession would not but deliver the truth, and had little reason to tell idle fables ; which hath drawn me to follow their report. 3rd Objection. — Also it is objected that you have not noted every ancient house and generous tribe, but purposely neglected some. A. — I will freely acknowledge that I think I have not seen all in my way; but that I was purposely blind cannot by any probable reason be supposed : for I think I have passed none that I found recorded, or by inquiry could learn of : and I dare confidently say I have named more than he, whoso- ever he were that made the objection, could have done, or ever heard be- fore. He might name some two or three, perchance, that I have not ; but that infers not that he knew all. 4th Objection. — Again : many famous and worthy men fit to be enrolled are left out. A. — At that I do much grieve ; for I held the number of such not com- plete, but wished them alway greater ; and Bernardus non vidit omnia ; yea, after much vexation and serious quest, I was enforced to present you with these ; and I am assured divers are omitted (whose memory would have been precious, and have given a lustre to our country,) only because them- selves were, or else their successors are, (as it were) the grave and sepul- chres of their great worth and valour : and yet you shall have another rea- THE AUTHOR S APOLOGY. 449 son and more perfect answer hereunto. What if meeting casually or pur- posely with some of the heirs of such families now in question, and by way of discourse or some entreaty (which was more,) I have moved them to give me the sight of their pedigree, and that they would impart unto me the names and dignous actions of their ancestors as have been fit to be regis- tered for the worth thereof ; if they again, either out of ignorance or fasti- dious pride, enamoured with their own wit and knowledge, or ancestry, have slighted my request or scorned to reply, and, perchance, given me a scoff for my love and kindness so offered : yea, if one of these humorous gentle- men told me seriously and with great indiscretion that if I were ignorant of his descent 'twas a great defect in me, and an assured proof of my want of knowledge, and that he perceived my skill in heraldry was less than was supposed ; for many knew, and all were to take notice, that some of his predecessors had been of knightly rank : I rightly confessed my skill and knowledge slender, and therefore desired him to be pleased to enlarge it somewhat, were it but with the names of his predecessors, and I would ac- knowledge him one of my instructors and that I had learned of him : to which he suddenly replied, (not without a smile of two or three discreet gentlemen present,) that he knew not his father, (indeed he spake no more than the world thought true,) who died when he was a youngling, and there- fore he could not possibly name his ancestr\'. Neither shall such be re- membered to their successors for anything I mean to speak of their wor- ships more than by noting their houses and names as I pass. Let them pocket up their favours, I fear not their displeasure. 5th Objection. — It is also said, your chief intention was to grace your friends, neglecting strangers ; and to put some scandalous aspersion on your adversaries. A. — For the last, I know not any I have worthy envy, hardly memory ; and therefore the basest room in my thoughts is too good a corner to lodge them in : they are disgraceful even in themselves, and to note them were to make them famous : — with Herostratus; my nature hates backbiting. For the second, being strangers and unknown, I was enforced to pass them with an unwilling silence ; but for the first, my friends, I will ever apply my whole thoughts, words, and deeds, with the best endeavours that I can, to ennoble them and do them service : and it shall be the comfort of my age to have done any office which may tend to their future honour ; for I rank 450 THE AUTHOR S APOLOGY, none in that degree but such as I know (and so are generally deemed ) ho- nest and virtuous. And why should I willingly deviate on either hand, knowing by long experience that gratefulness is troublesome and sometime chargeable ; when revenge is always ready and preferred before gain to any depraved. 6th Objection. — You have taken a freedom of speech against sundry er- rors and faults, and it is thought you mean some particular persons when you note these crimes. A. — The ancient poets, and some neoterics, have indeed (as it were) wrapped in their writings divers and sundry meanings, which are called sentences and mysteries ; but no one can tax me justly of a personal mean- ing except some one that is guilty, and he viewing his own character will, perchance, think himself aimed at : yet have I mingled this freedom (for I cannot but speak against vices,) with the best discretion I had about me ; and I am assured I have not noted or touched any tribe or person so near that he hath any reason to complain he feels harm ; and if I have given a general and friendly caveat of faults, noting the crimes but not the persons, I think I have uncased and shewed as plain a glass as any great man or otherwise can use to see or spy his own errors in. It is an open shop in Birchin-Lane : if any one find a suit that will fit him, let him take and wear it, for it was made for him, though I never knew I had his measure ; yet if he please to be silent he may pass without question if he like it not ; his galled back will not be noted nor perceived. 7th Objection. — You might have forbom (since your intent was to glo- rify and ennoble your country and native soil,) to have spoken so often of the commotions, which, though you palhated under the word commotion, was a plain rebellion. A. — Was it so ? then you may perceiA^e I flatter not the generahty, much less any in particular, but deal plainly ; for as I would not willingly over- pass anything that might tend to the honour of this county, so am I so far in love with truth that I cannot (if it come in my way) but make known the shpping and errors committed therein : for who can draw the counter- feit of Venus truly and not paint the mole in her chin } or the picture of Alexander without the scar in his face ? He being once with Apelles to have his resemblance drawn, held his finger thereon ; the painter made his picture with his finger sticking so ; which the king perceiving, demanded THE author's apology. 451 why he made it with his finger before his scar; "because you held it so," quoth Apelles. " I did it," said Alexander, "that the same might not be seen." "And for that cause I drew it;" so said the painter; "and that my skill might not be questioned and art disliked." And yet that viper, which you term rebellion, (for we will not differ upon words, yet it is remembered to this day by the name of commotion, and old men reckon their age from it,) was not hatched here but (as hath been formerly said) in Cornwall; somewhat nourished and increased, as it crept through our country, with a few of the poorer and baser sort ; not a man of worth or name : and in fine the head thereof was crushed chiefly by those of this county. 8th Objection. — But in divers places you have made eager and tart invec- tives against those lately sprung up to wealth and gentility. A. — The generality, or any particular, whom any virtuous quality, his own industrj% or good fortune hath advanced, were he the son of a earner, or smith, or a common victualler ; yea, were he brother to Verdugo, that worthy Spaniard; (if he be hke Verdugo, and his behaviour and deport- ment civil, mild, affable, and courteous, without pride and ostentation ;) I absolutely deny, upon my oath and deepest protestation I can make : for with noble Persius — " Nor take I grief and care If that my neighbour's field 's more fat than mine : Let all poor-born grow rich ; I'll never pine With envious rage for that." No, I am so far from that, as I will honour them, and I shall meet them with all observation and alacrity. But such upstart golden asses, whose niggardly covetous fathers have infatuated with an insolent arrogancy, by leaving them a mass of ill-gotten wealth ; possessing, as their own, neither valour, learning, wit, nor ordinary discretion ; but swollen hugely with that intoxicating venom of riches, and thereby wooing with the powerful per- suading argument of a great jointure, inoculated into some generous family, and then by that grown high in their own imaginations, will presently be esquires ; when their gentility (God what) hangs as ill on them as if thev had borrowed it of some near-like name, or bought it with their pennies ; and then fret if they l)e not saluted with, your worship ; vouchsafing a faint salute to their honest poor kindred ; casting a squinting eye on their equals ; 452 THE author's apology. yea, vaunting themselves above their betters : crowing over the commonal- ty, their fathers' equals ; and are ready to out-brave any man that stands of himself, and to blow him away with their strong breath : (for commonly they are strong in the mouth and spend freely:) such, I say, if any such there be, and sure there are, or the worthy poet was mistaken when he said — " Who in their pride vouchsafe not to look back Upon their poor allies, that all things lack. Nay, now they scorn to justify their blood, But will some other pedigree make good ; For though a brother's son approach them near, Yet will he not his cause by that name hear." And another : — "Yet such base scums must oft entreated be With good your Worship, and with cap and knee ; liut sure the world is now become a gull, To think such scoundrels can be worshipful." If some able pen were at leisure to undertake against such mushrooms, dipped in strong satirical ink, it would soon embowel these wind-puff blad- ders, and pluck off the loose periwig from their bald pates, and restore wor- ship to his right seat and habitation, and those stolen titles to their just and true owners ; and like another Aretine, strip these golden asses out of their gay trappings : for most men do infinitely stomach their undeserved titles ; and as they increase, so doth their hate. 9th Objection. — You have filled up the whole treatise with epitaphs, whereof many are idle and simple. A. — None, as I think, so silly or simple but that somewhat may be learn- ed out of them, or some while spent in laughter at them. The monuments are so many open tables, showing our mortality; the epitaphs as many speak- ing pictures, or hving images, reading us lectures of virtuous hving ; and to entice us thereunto if we desire to be well spoken of, and to leave a good memory after us, and deserve the like epitaph with virtuous men. 10th Objection. — Some errors are intermingled and averred for truth. A. — Hardness of belief doth furnish many with matter of suspicion; for divers will give credit to nothing but what is written in the chronicles : as if succeeding ages should believe nothing done in this time but what is re- THB AUTHORS APOLOGY. 453 gistered by a public pen. But none such are here maintained ; some, per- chance, exemplified ; for which I can produce my authors, for I liave taken up all such relation upon credit, and for tliem you shall have the same se- curity that is given me : I neither put to nor take from them, and I hold it always best to believe rather with the most than the least. To reconcile the variable relations of several writers is a task beyond the power of my ability ; for antiquities are often bemisted, and leave their surveyor perplex- ed, especially when the pen-men are of equal credit ; and something may, perhaps, seem strange, not for want of truth in the substance of the matter but in the manner and delivery : so let me be beUeved or cleared by view of the authors themselves. 11th Objection. — You are curious to show the possessors of manors in the times of the three Edwards and Henry III., and some in the Conqueror's time, but you take small regard to name those that enjoy them now, which would have been very acceptable. A. — If the modern possessors have mansion-houses in them and are their seats, they are every one of them remembered; but for the generality of manors it is very difficult, if not altogether impossible : and many of the best are lately dismembered; some in co-parcenary, and there we should name all or none. And again some may alter even while I am writing and naming them, as the chiefest manor in this county is said to be at this pre- sent. I have therefore followed the dog, a taste and away, for fear of a false crocodile. 12th Objection. — The invention is shallow, the style rude, dull, and il- literate. A. — Guilty, as I have fully confessed. Alas! Sir, you know I had httle to busy myself withal. If the indictment be drawn and the jury empan- nelled shall be boni et legales homines, (though not like to Sir John Harring- ton's,) the best the country yields, you may then proceed in God's name; for though that be crude and indigested matter, running from my pen the same instant that came to my knowledge, without farther consideration, advise- ment, or second view ; yet it may be I have cause to say with the poet, — "Fungar vice cotis, aculum Reddere quee ferrum valet exsors ipse eecandi." It may be like a whetstone, which, blunt (hough it be, Makes razors shave, as every day we see. 3m 454 THE author's apology. 13th Oljjection. — It was expected you should have blazoned and set down every gentleman's coat, with descent and achievement, as others have done, which would have been very thankfully accepted of the better part of them. A. — But what think you would the worser part (which is most commonly the major part,) have done ? taken it, I warrant you, in Ul part ; and it would have been enough to have brought all the clubs in town about my ears. And be it I should have performed their expectation, yet a burnt chUd will always dread the fire. And I am not now so altogether impro- vident, (though I was some time, as you know, so ill-advised and indis- creet,) rashly to intrude myself into their sacred profession, to whom only it doth justly and of right belong to undertake and manage matters of that nature and quality. And I suppose it would have been pleasing to few to have the stirp of their ancestry derived ab origine ; for some might perad- venture have been encountered by another Juvenal, as the Roman citizen was that vaunted much of his ancestors : — " Attamen ut longe repetas, longaque revolvas Majorum quisquis primus fuit ille tuorum, Aut pastor fuit, aut aliud quod dicere nolo." Yea, though thou fetch thy ancestry so far, Thy first progenitor, whosoe'r he were. Some shepherd was, or elsewhat I'll forbear. That he forbears, you may conclude him thief perchance, or as ***** [Caetera desunt.] FINIS. THE PEDIGREES OP MOST OF OUR DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES; BT THOMAS WESTCOTE, GENT. " That this volume of Pedigrees was written by Mr. Thomas Westcote may be inferred not only from the hand, but from that passage in his 'View of Devon,' — In answer to the objection why he had not set down every Gentleman's coat of arms, achievement, and descent, he saith — ' be it so that I could have per- formed what they demanded and have satisfied their expectation ; yet a burnt child dreads the fire : and I am not now so improvident altogether, though I was sometime, as you know, in such a business somewhat too bold, rashly to intrude myself into their sacred profession, to whom it only belongs.' " &c. JOHN PRINCE, BERRY POMEROY. 1696. PEDIGREE. LYNNE, of Exeter; Anns, gules, a demi-lion rampant argent within a bordure sable bezanty ; married the daughters and heirs of, first. Stoke ; second, Laxam. William Lynne, esq., mamed Ann, daughter and heir of Thomas Stokes, of Kent, gent, and had issue John, who married Joan, daughter of Sir John Knevet, knight, and of Ann, his wife, daughter and one of the coheirs of Basset, and had issue two sons and six daughters; Richard, Wilham, Anna, married to Sir George Tyrrel, of Wardleigh in Essex, knight, and had issue Morris Tyrrel : married to Sir Richard Gresham, of London, knight, and had issue Sir John and Sir Thomas Gresham, knights : Cecily, married to "WiUiam Gorner, of Grove-place in Buckingham, who had issue Wilham, that had issue John : Mary, married to Penycot, of Walton-Hun- tingdon : , married to Duffield, a Merchant in London : , married to Marbery, of London, merchant. Richard Lynne son and heir, married Ann, daughter of Farrington, and had issue Thomas. Thomas married Elizabeth, sister to Sir Phihp Paris of Cambridgeshire, and had issue John. John Lynne, esquire, married Anna, daughter of of Sawston, Cambridgeshire ; Anne, married to WilUam Humfry of Barton; Emlyne to Tamworth; Ahce to Tunye of St. Neot's. WiUiam Lynne, esq., second son of John, married Margaret, one of the four coheirs of William Laxham, of Laxhamborn in Norfolk, esq., and of Margaret his wife, daughter of Sir Edward Fielding, knight: Frances, another of the coheirs, was married to Lawrence Dudley, of Clopton, esq.; Mary, another, to Edward Beamont of Grace- Dieu ; Joan, another, to Stravern of Huntingdon. 458 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Guy Lynne, of Southweek, esq., married Agnes, daughter of George Kirkham, esq., sister of Sir Robert Kirkham, who married Ann, daughter and coheir of Armstrong, and had issue WUUam (ob. s. p.) and George. George Lynne, of Southweek in Northamptonshire, esq., married Amy, one of the daughters of Sir Edward Montague, knight, and had issue George, Humfry, Edward, and Frances. George, son and heir, married Martyr, daughter to Clement Throgmorton, esq. KIRKHAM. Argent, three Uons rampant gules within a bordure en- grailed sable. Sir John Kirkham married and had issue George ; Ann married to Bevil, Amy married to Cruckhorn. George Kirkham married Anne, daughter and one of the coheirs of Armston, and had issue Sir Robert ; Amy, married to Middleton, of Lytham in Lancasliire, esq.; Agnes, married to Guy Lyime, esq. Sir Robert Kirkham married Joan, daughter of Sir John St. John, knight: issue William. William Kirkham married Mary, daughter of Thomas Car- rels, of Egcourt, esq., and had issue, George, William, Thomas. BECKET. — Argent three Cornish Choughs proper. Garlois, (alias Garolus,) Duke of Cornwall, married Igerne (alias Inger- ina) the Fair, and had by her Alan, (alias Alanus.) He was slain by Uter- Pendragon, King of the Britons, in his castle of Tintagel, in Cornwall, for love of his wife, of whom Uter-Pendragon was enamoured ; who had by her King Arthur, and a daughter named Ann. He bare a hon ramp. Alan, son of Garlois, and half-brother to King Arthur, married and had issue, first Mark, King of Cornwall, sans issue ; second Cador, Duke of Cornwall, who mamed Gonilla, daughter of Aurelius Ambrose, King of the Britons, and had issue Constantine, King of the Britons ; and bare sable ten bezants, 4, 3, 2, 1, or rather fifteen bezants, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Aurelius Ambrose bore three crowns in pale, three Alanus Duke of Tmtagel. Alan, the second, (abas Edem,) married and had issue Aldred. Aldred married and had issue Edwine. Edwine, Duke of Tintagel married the La- dy of Bodmin and had issue Tregartus. Tregartus, Lord of Bodmin, had issue Oswyn. Oswyn, Lord of Bodmin, had issue Edmund. He was slain by Hungar and Hubba, the Danes, in the time of King Ethelred. Edmund, Lord of Liskeard, had issue Matthew. Matthew, Lord of Lis- keard, had issue Owanus. (alias Owen.) Owen, Lord of Liskeard, had is- DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 459 sue Edgar. He was slain by the Danes led by Canutus (or Knutt,) about the year 1000. Edgar married Maud, daughter of Allard Becket, and by her had issue William. WiUiam, Lord of Liskeard, hved in the time of the conquest, and withstood the Conqueror a long time ; but in fine he saw force would not prevail, he privately changed both his name and arms, and took those of his mother, which were argent three sea-crows, 2, 1, sab. memb. gules : he had issue Edmund. Edmund Becket left issue Gilbert. Gilbert Becket married Maud, daugh- ter of the Earl of Chylye : his mother was of Syria : he was born in Lon- don : of him is the Earl of Onnond and Queen Elizabeth, and had issue besides other, Thomas Becket, who was, by King Henry H., made Arch- bishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor, 1161, and after slain, 1 1 70, BECKET in Menwynyk in Cornwall. — Arms. — Sable a fess between three boars' heads couped between six crosslets, or. I. . 2. CuRTUTHER. 3. Hydon. 4. Paderda. 5. Taylour. 6. TOTTEWELL. 7. WaR. 8. PiNCERNA. 9. DeVYOKE. 10. MeNWYNNECK. II. Smith. Edward Becket married Anastatia, one of the four coheirs of Thomas Curtuther (Joan was w-ife to WiUiam Malherb ; Isabel to Stephen Helegan ; Isot to John Pawlet, sans issue ;) and of Margaret his wife, the sole daugh- ter and heir of Richard Hidon and Agnes his wife, who lived 34th Edward IIL, son and heir of John Hidon and Hawise his wife, who lived 28th Ed- ward HL: he had two sons more, John and Walter, and two daughters, Claricia and Cecilia. He was of Somersetshire. Which Thomas Curtuther was son and heir to William Curtuther and Joan his wife, daughter of Ni- cholas Loveputa; which William was son and heir to Sir Fulgens Curtuther, knight, and of Margaret his wife, daughter of Lucius Tredewy : and Edward and Anastatia had issue William and Nicholas. WilMam Becket, son and heir, married Joan, second daughter and one of the four coheirs of Thomas Paderda and of Joan his wife, daughter and heir of Roger Taylour, son and heir of Roger le Taylour, son of John. Isabel, the first, was married to John Lauwarnick ; Margaret was wife to Nicholas Ashton ; Kathai-ine was wife to John Cock ; and William and Joan had is- sue John. Nicholas, second son of Edward, married Joan, daughter and heir of Ro- ger Taylour, the relict of Thomas Paderda, and had issue Edmund of Bodmm. 460 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. John, son and heir of WiUiam, married Isabel, daughter of Thomas Up- peton and of Joan his wife, daughter of Sir John Trelawny, knight, and had issue John, Isabel, Joan, Margaret, Richord, Eleanor, Joan, Emma, Ehzabeth. John Becket married Joan, daughter and heir of WiUiam Totywell, 1456, and of Ann his wife, daughter and sole heir of Thomas War, of Plymouth in Devon, son and heir of William Tottewell and Alice his wife, daughter of Henry Wemwech, of Sharpenho in the parish of Streately, in Bedfordshire, by Dunstable, son and heir of Richard Tottewell and of Millisent his wife, sister and heir of Richard, and daughter of John Pincerna, lord of fifteen parts of Grampound and of Isabel his wife, daughter and one of the two co- heirs of Wilham Devioke, (Alice, the other, was married to Walter Grant, Lord of Rame, who had issue Thomas, that died sans issue ;) and of Emlyn his wife, daughter of Sir Richard Champernon, knight ; which William De- vioke was son and heir to Roger de Devioke and of Hawis his wife, sister to Sir Nicholas Halton, knight ; which Richard Tottewell was son and heir of Lawrence, son and heir of Robert Tottewell, (who had also a daughter married to John Cosen, who had issue Morice, who had issue William, who had issue ;) son and heir of Stephen Tottewell, (who had a second son called John,) son and heir of Robert Tottewell. And so John Becket and Joan had issue first Gilbert, second Roger: first Joan, wife to Walter Goad; second Elizabeth, married to Charles Cleker ; third Blanch, wife to John Cory ton ; fourth Joan married to Richard Wood. Anne first married to John Harris of Lanrest, secondly to Samuel of Restormel. Gilbert Becket, son and heir, married Joan, one of the three coheirs of John Menwynneck, of St. German's in Cornwall, and of his wife, daughter and sole heir of Smith, (the other was married to Robert Stoward ; Doro- thy, the third, to Robert Pickford ;) and Gilbert had issue Robert, Tho- mas, Peter, Oliver: Mary, wife to John Hame; Ehzabeth, wife to Peter Grislyng; Joan, married to Flammock. This Joan overlived Gilbert, and after married with one Wilham Hechins, and had issue John, Thomas, Stephen. Robert Becket, son and heir, married Ann, daughter of Peter Cory ton. BOURCHIER, Eari of Bath.— William Bourchier, created Earl of Eu, in Normandy, 7th Henry V., mar- ried Ann, daughter of Thomas, of Woodstock, Duke of Gloster, sister and one of the coheirs of Humfrey her brother, and had issue Henry, Earl of DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 461 Eu and Essex ; Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury; William, Lord Fitz- warren; John, Lord Berners ; Ann, married to John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk. William Bourchier married Anna, daughter of Richard Hankford and heir of Elizabeth his wife, daughter and heir of Fulk Fitzwarren, son and heir of Sir Fulk Fitzwarren and Elizabeth his wife, the sister and heir of Sir John Cogan and daughter of Sir William Cogan, knight, and of Isabel his wife, daughter and heir of Richard Wygebear of Wygebear, son and heir of Sir William Wygebear, of Wygebear in Somersetshire, knight ; which Richard was son and heir of Sir Thomas Cogan, knight, son and heir of Sir John Cogan, who died 31st Edward L, son and heir of John Cogan, son and heir of William, son and heir of Miles Cogan and Christian his wife, daughter and coheir of Fulco Paynel, Baron of Bampton (William Paynel, her brother. Baron of Bampton, had three daughters and coheirs : Milisent, married to Herbert Fitz Matthew ; Ada, or Alice, to John de Bulun, knight, and Agnes : all three died without issue :) and of Ada his wife, sifter and heir of Gilbert of Avranches, son and heir of William Panel, brother to Fulk Panel. And this William Bourchier had issue Foulk (alias Fulk) Bourchier. Fulk Bourchier, Lord Fitzwarren, married Elizabeth, sister and coheir of John, Lord Dinham, and had issue John, Elizabeth married to Sir John Sapcotts. John Bourchier, Lord Fitzwarren, created by Henry VHL, Earl of Bath 9th July, 1536. BEAR of Hunsham, — Arms. — Argent three bears' heads, erazed sable muzzled, or. Robert Bear lived in the 8th Edward II., and married Agnes, daughter of John Clavil and sister and heir of William, and had issue John. John Bear married Alice, daughter of Thomas Clavil, and had issue Thomas. Thomas Bear married Jane, daughter of Robert Call of Tiverton, and had issue Robert, Robert Bear married Margaret, daughter of William Speke, of Brampford- Speke in Devon, and had issue John. John Bear married Edith, daughter of John Gambon of Morston, and had issue John. Emma married to Richard Wood, of North-Tawton, esq. John Bear of Hunsham married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of John Chalvedon, son of Andrew Chalvedon and Elizabeth his wife, sister and heir of Norton of Oxton, and had issue John, Julian married to William Hurst, of Exeter, esq., five times mayor. John Bear married Thomasin, daughter of Thomas Stukeley of AfFeton, and had issue Thomas, Thomas Bear of Hunsham married Jane, 3n 462 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. daughter of Henry Keyns, of Winkley in Devon, and had issue Charles, Roger, John, Richard. Sir Gilbert de Bear, knight, was lord thereof 31st Edward I. ; Robert de Bear, 8th Edward II.; John de Bear, I5th Edward III.; Henry de Bear, 50th Edward HI. Elias succeeded and dwelt there 7th Henry V. FRANCEIS, of Combeflory in Somersetshire, and Franceis- Court, De- von. — Argent a chevron engrailed, between three mullets, gules. John Franceis, of Franceis- Court, had issue Henry, John. Henry mar- ried Katharine, one of the coheirs of Sir Hugh de Valetort, who died s.p. John, son and heir, married and had issue WiUiam. WilUam Franceis married Alice, daughter and heir of Nicholas de Hele, Lord of Hele in Bradninch, and Alice his wife, daughter and heir of Flory, and cousin and heir of Wil- liam de Percehay, son of WiUiam de Hele, son of Roger, son of Nicholas, (who married the daughter of Atwater 8th Edward II.,) son of Sir Roger Hele, knight, son of Roger, (27th Henry HI.,) son of Roger, (in the beginning of the reign of Henry III.,) and had issue Henry. Henry Franceis married and had issue Nicholas, and died 35th Henry VI. Nicholas Franceis mar- ried and had issue John. John married Florence, daughter of Ashford of Ashford, and had issue Nicholas and Mary, second wife to John Cruwys, of Cruw^s-Morchard in Devon, esq. Nicholas Franceis married Cecily, daugh- ter of Sir William Courtenay, of Powderham, knight, and had issue Su- William; who married Mary, daughter of Sir Richard and sister of Sir Maurice Berkeley, knight ; their issue John married Margaret, daughter of Sir John Wyndham, of Orchard, knight, had issue Thomas ; who married Mary, daughter of Sir John Chichester, knight, and died sans issue. LANGFORD, of Langford in Collumpton parish, Devon. — Paly of 6, or and gules, on a chief argent, a lion passant, azure. Sir Richard de Langford, knight, (beginning of Henry III.,) had issue Roger. Roger (27th Henry HI.,) had issue Richard. Richard had issue Roger. Sir Roger Langford, knight, (24th Edward I.,) had issue John. Sir John Langford, knight, had issue John. John married and had issue Thomas. Thomas had issue John. John, the last of this family, gave Langford to Corpus Christi College in Oxford. CHUDLEIGH, of Ashton m Devon.— Arms. — Ermine, 3 lions rampant, gules. Matched with the heirs of 1. Prouz. Sable 3 lions rampant, arg. 2. Hilion. Argent on a bend sable, three martlets or. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 463 John Chudleigh and Thomasin his wife, sister and heir of John Prouz, son and heir of Sir Richard Prouz, knight, of Ashton, held Ashtou 1 3th Edward III. He was son and heir of Sir William Prouz and Margaret his wife, aunt and heir of Sir Robert de Hilion, son and heir of Sir Hervy de Hihon, son and heir of Sir Robert de Hilion, (whose other coheir, Isabel, was married to Sir Peter Challons, knight,) son and heir of Hervy de Hilion, son and heir of Alan de Hihon, brother and heir of Hervey de Hihon, son and heir of Robert de Hilion, (and of Mabel his wife, daughter of Sir Alan Dunstan- vile,) son and heir of Hervey de Hilion, son and heir of Robert de Hilion, son and heir of Hei-vy which held Ashton in the time of William the Con- queror, as appears by Domesday Book. And this John Chudleigh had is- sue John. John Chudleigh married Jane, daughter of Beauchamp, of Ryme, knight, who married Alice, one of the daughters and coheirs of Sir Roger Nonant, knight. Lord of Broadchst ; which manor John Chudleigh had in marriage with his wife, and had issue James. Sir James Chudleigh, knight, married, first Joan, sister and heir of Wil- ham Beaumont, son of Sir John Beaumont, knight, Lord of Sherwill; se- condly Joan, daughter and coheir of Sir Richard Merton, the rehct of John Bampfield : by one of these he had James. James Chudleigh had issue John, and died 35th Henry VI. John mar- ried Thomasin, daughter of Nicholas Kirkham, and had issue James, knight. Sir James Chudleigh, knight, married, first Margaret, daughter to the Lord Wilham Stourton, and had issue Wilham, Margaret, wife to John Wise, of Sydenham, Devon ; secondly Margaret, daughter of John Tremayn, the rehct of Ohver Wise, and had issue Robert, John. William Chudleigh married Joan, daughter of Sir William Hody, of Pillesdon in Dorset, knight, issue Richard; obiit 29th January, 1515, and heth in Chst Church. Sir Richard Chudleigh, knight, married Mary, daughter of Sir Nicholas Wadham, of Merrifield, knight, issue Lawrence, James, (sans issue,) Chris- topher, Ehzabeth, (first mfe of Sir John Gilbert, sans issue ; secondly of Sir Henry Thynnc, knight ;) Margaret, (married to Richard Halse of Keue- don,) Ann, (married to James Coffin of Portledge ; secondly to Edward Whiddon, of Chagford, esq.) Chi-istopher Chudleigh married Christian, sole daughter and heir of Wil- liam Strechlegh of Strechley, and Anne his wife, daughter or sister and one 464 DBVONSHIKK FAMILIES. of the coheirs of John Gould of Seaborough, and had issue John, Mary, (un- married,) EHzabeth, ( first married to Arthur Meryoke in Somersetshire ; and secondly, second wife to Sir John Dowdal, of Ireland, knight ; Marga- ret, (married to Peter Carew, of Bickleigh in Devon, esq.;) Amy, (first married to William Heart, of Yearnacomb in Devon, esq., and had no issue ; secondly to Noble, of Boyton in Cornwall ; thirdly to RoUe.) John Chudleigh mar- ried Elizabeth, daughter to Sir George Speke, of White-Lackington in So- mersetshire, knight, and had issue Sir George, bart.; Sir John. Sir George Chudleigh, bart., married a daughter of Sir William Stroud, of Newnham, knight, and had issue three. FARRINGDON, of Farringdon, in Devon.— 1. Sable three Unicorns in pale currant argent, 2. Hampton. — Gules on a fess, argent, a mullet sable. 2. Bendbow. — Quarterly, gules and or, per fess indented on a bend dexter of the 2nd a cinquefoil between two birds azure. Adam and Richard de Farringdon held the manor of Farringdon 27th Henry in. The portion of Adam descended to the heirs of the Lord of Shillingford, Richard de Farringdon had issue William. William had issue Robert. Robert had issue William. William had issue Robert : he hved 31st Ed- ward I. Robert had issue John, and lived 8th Edward II. John had is- sue Robert, and lived 20th Edward III. Robert had issue John, Ralph. John de Farringdon married Joan, the daughter and coheir of Martin de Bendbow of Rockbear, and had issue John ; he married secondly a daughter of Walleron, (alias Warren de Hampton,) of Rockbear in Devon, and had no issue. John Farringdon, married Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Wil- ford, of Oxton in Devon, and had issue Christopher, Charles, Grace, (married to Paget, Alderman of London, and had issue James, of whom is Paget of Hampshire ; secondly she was married to Sir WiUiam Sherring- ton, of Lacock in Wiltshire ;) Margaret, (married to William Barons of London.) Charles Farringdon, esq., married Margery, daughter of Sir Thomas Stukeley, of Aflfeton in Devon, knight, and had issue John, Law- rence, Anne married to Thomas Dowrish, of Dowrish in Kirton, esq. John Farringdon married Grace, daughter of WiUiam Trewunnald, (ahas Trewinnard,) of Trewinnard in Cornwall, and had issue Alexander, Giles, John, Launcelot : all sans issue. Lawrence Farringdon married a daughter of Richard Coffin, of Portledge in Devon, the relict of Addington, and died felo de se ; leaving his two sisters his coheirs. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 465 BONVILE, of Combe-Ralegh in Devon. — Sable six mullets argent pierced, three two and one. John Bonvile, base son to William Lord Bonvile, of Chewton in Somerset- shire, married Alice, daughter and heir to William Dennis of Combe-Ralegh, and of Joan his wife, daughter and coheir of John St. Aubin, Lord of Combe-Ralegh, ( Margaret, the other coheir, was married to Reginald Tre- thurfe, of Cornwall, and of Katharine liis wife, daughter of Robert and aunt and coheir to John Challons ; the other coheir, EMzabeth, was married to WilUam Ferrers of Churchton ;) and had issue John, Elizabeth, (married to Edmund Larder, of Upton-Pyne in Devon, esq.;) Joan, (married to WUham Fulford, of Fulford in Devon ;) Katharine, (married to Nicholas Kirk- ham and brother to Sir John ;) Cecily, (married to Maurice More, of CoUumpton in Devon, esq.;) Florence, (married to Thomas Fortescue, of Wimpston in Modbury, Devon, esq.;) Ann, (married to Roger Dinham, and died sans issue.) John Bonvile of Combe-Ralegh married Edith, daughter to Nicholas Blewet, of Greenham, Devon, and had issue Humphrey, Margaret, (married to Walter Alford ;) Honor, (married to Robert Rewell of London.) Humphrey Bonvile, of Ivy-Bridge, Devon, esq., married Joan, daughter to William Winslade, of , Devon, esq., and had issue Edmund, Andrew, John, William, Adam, Joan, (wife of Sampson Byle of Stoke ;) Alice, (wife of Edmund Tooker ;) Philip, (married to Geynard.) Edmund Bonvile, of Little-Modbury, esq., married Jane, daughter to Tregian of Cornwall, and had issue Richard. BUDOKESIDE, of Budokeside in Devon.— Arms. — Sable of three fusils iu fess between three bucks' faces, argent. Crest. — A buck's head couped at shoulder, attired. William Budokeside, of Budokeside in the time of Henry HL, had issue Alan. William Budokeside held Budokeside 24th Edward L; Alan Budo- keside, esq., in the time of Edward L married and had issue Nicholas; who (Edward H.) married Joan, and had issue Thomas; who married Ehzabeth, and had issue Nicholas ; who married Cecily, daughter and coheir of Henry Trevalvard (alias Morton) of Cornwall, and had issue William ; who mar- ried Joan, daughter to John Prouz, of Chagford, esq., and had issue Thomas, Walter, (who married the daughter and heir of Gordruby of Cornwall, who had issue Thomas, his eldest son, that married the daughter of Basset.) 466 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Thomas, son and heir, maried Jane, daughter and heir to John Tren- creek, of Trencreek in Cornwall, and had issue Robert ; who married Ann, daughter to Pomeroy, of Berry-Pomeroy in Devon, knight, and had issue Thomas, WUliam. Thomas Budokeside married Margaret, daughter to Sir John Halwell, of Halwelstoke, Devon, knight, and had issue Anthony. Anne married to John Burghley, of Winterbourn in Dorset, esq. Anthony Budokeside married Ehzabeth, daughter to William Strowd, of Parham in Dorset, esq., and had issue Roger, Thomas, George, Julain, (married to John Geare of Heavitree, Devon ;) Ann. Roger married Frances, daughter to Sir PhiUp Champernon, of Modbury, Devon, knight, and had issue Phi- lip, Winefred, (married to William George, (Gorge,) of Bristol, esq.;) Ag- nes, (married to OUver Hill of Shilston ;) Ehzabeth, (married to John Ama- das of Plymouth ;) Philip Budokeside married Margery, daughter to Ro- bert Smith of Tregonyck in Cornwall. FITZ, of Fitzford, Devon. — Arms. — Argent, a cross engrailed between 12 goutes. John Fitz, of Fitzford, had issue John, Walter, Roger. Walter Fitz, esq., second son to John, and heir to his brother John, married Mary, daughter of Sampson, and had issue John, Robert. John Fitz, esq., son and heir, married Agnes, daughter of Roger Grenvile, of Stow in Cornwall, and had issue John, Edward, George, Francis, Margaret, (married to Richard Ars- cot ;) Grace, (married to John Ehot of Plymouth ;) Honor, (married to William Kanzewyowe;) Katharine, (married to William Bond.) John Fitz, son and heir, married Mary, daughter of Sir John Sydenham, of Brimpton in Somersetshire, and hath issue Sir John. Sir John married Mary, daughter of Sir William Courtenay, of Powder- ham in Devon> knight, and had issue only one daughter and heu", married to Sir Alan Percy, knight, sixth son to Henry, Earl of Northumberland, sans issue ; secondly she married Thomas, son and heir apparent of Thomas, Lord Darcy of Chiche, now Viscount Colchester, sans issue ; thirdly to Sir Charles Howard, fourth son to the Earl of Suffolk, by whom she had two daughters and heirs, Ehzabeth, Mary : he killed himself. [She after this man-ied Sir Richard Grenvile, by whom she had issue, which she disinherited, and settled Fitzford and her other estate on Sir Wilham Courtenay of Pow- derham Castle ; whose second son, James Courtenay, esq., now dwelleth at Walreddon, in Whitchurch near Tavistock.] DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 467 DRAKE, of Ash in the parish of Musbury. — Arms. — Argent a \vyvern, gules. John Drake married Christian, daughter and heir of John Billet, and Alice his wife, daughter and coheir of Warren de Hampton (her second brother Richard and John died sans issue,) and of Phihp his wife, sister and heir to John de Orway, (the other coheir, Joan, was first married to John Bonvile, secondly to John Sachvile, thirdly to Farringdon ;) and had issue John : secondly she married Richard Frankcheyney and had issue Christopher, who had issue Simon, from whom John Drake recovered Ash. John Drake married Christian, daughter and heir of John Antage, and had issue John, who married a daughter of John Cruwys of Cruwys-Mor- chard, issue John ; who married Agnes, daughter of John Kellewav, and had issue John, Robert, Gilbert, Agnes, (wife of WiUiam Pole, after of Wise of Totnes.) John Drake recovered, by writ of formedon. Ash, from Simon Frankcheyney, and married Margaret, daughter and heir of John Cole, and had issue John, Gilbert. John Drake of Ash married Amy, daughter of Roger Grenvile of Stow, issue Bernard, Robert, Richard. Sir Bernard Drake, knight, married Gertrude, daughter of Bartholomew Fortescue, of Fillegh, esq., in Devon, issue John, (Hugh, Mary, sans issue,) Margaret, (wife of John Sherman ;) Ellen, (wife of John Button.) John Drake, of Ash, esq., Sheriff of Devon, married Dorothy, daughter of Wil- liam Button of Wiltshire, and had issue Sir John, William, (Gertrude, sans issue,) Mary, (married to Sir Henry Rowsewell, of Ford Abbey in De- von, knight. Sir John Drake, of Ash, knight, married Eleanor, daughter of Sir John Butler, of Goodhall in Staffordshire, knight, and hath issue Sir John, hart., Thomas, Henry, Ann, (married to Briscow ;) EUzabeth. (to Sir Winstan Churchill ;) Ellen, (to Fry of Yarty;) Joan, (to the Lord Howard of Etterick ;) Jane, (to William Young, esq.;) Jane, (to Sir Rich- ard Strode of Chalmington.) Sir John Drake, of Ash, hart., married a daughter of Sir John Young of Colyton, secondly Dewnes, daughter of Sir Richard Strode, aforesaid. William Drake, esq., younger brother to Sir John, aforesaid, married Margaret, daughter and heir of William Westover, of Yardbui y in Colyton, by Elizabeth his wife, daugliter of John EUacott of Exeter, and hath issue John. 468 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Robert Drake of Wiscombe-Park, in the parish of Southleigh, second son to John and brother to Sir Bernard, married Ehzabeth, daughter of Humph- rey Prideaux, of Thuborough in Devon, esq., and had issue WilUam, Ber- nard, John, Henry, Robert a colonel in the Low Countries and died sans issue, Nicholas, Humphrey, Gertrude, (third wife to Henry Honeychurch of Aveton GifFard ;) Amy, (to Poole of Nottingham ;) and Ursula, unmarried. WilHam Drake, of Wiscombe, esq., married Philippa, daughter of Sir Robert Dennis, of Holcombe Bumell, knight, and had issue Thomas. Henry, fourth son of Robert, married a daughter of Champernon, knight, and had issue Thomas. Nicholas Drake, sixth son, a pensioner to King James and King Charles, married Katharine, daughter of Wilham Tothill of Peamore, the relict of Wilham Kingsley of Lancaster, esq. Richard Drake, third son of John, one of the equeries of the stable and in favour with Queen Elizabeth, married Ursula, sister of Sir Edward Stafford, knight, and had issue Francis. Francis Drake, of Eshur, esq., married Jane, daughter and sole heir of William Tothill, of London, esq., and hath issue Wilham, Francis, Jane. SHILLINGFORD, of ShUlingford, Devon.— Argent a bend gules, a la- bel of three points azure. Osmond de Shillingford in the time of Richard L had issue Ralph; who had issue Richard; who, 27th Henry HL, had issue Ralph; Sir Ralph de Shillingford, knight, 1st and 18th Edward L, had issue Thomas; who had issue Ralph ; who married Cecily and had issue Richard, Ralph, John, Baldwin. Richard had issue William, who died sans issue. Ralph and John died sans issue. Baldwin succeeded his brothers, who left a base son who had his father's inheritance, and had issue William. This William, by Mabel his wife, had issue two daughters, coheirs, Anastatia, married to Edward Aleyn ; and Christian, wife to Philip Brooke. This William granted Shillingford, Withecombe, and Farringdon to Sir William Huddisfield, Attorney General to King Hen. VH. MUNCK (alias Monk,) of Potheridge in the parish of Merton. Arms. — Gules a chevron three lions* heads erazed arg. Crest. — A dragon volant. Motto. — Non Dubio. William Monachus, of Potheridge, married a daughter of Boniface of Py- worthy, and had issue Peter ; who married a daughter of Wollacorab of Ro- DBVONSHIRB FAMILIES. 469 borough, and had issue Hugh. Hugh le Moiiie, or Monk, of Potheridge, esq., married a daughter of Rushford^ and iiad issue Wilham; who married Alice, daughter of Cruse, Lord Torrington, and had issue Wilham, Henry. William Monk, of Potheridge, esq., married Margery, daughter of Tren- chard of Lewtrenchard, and had issue William ,• who married Alice, daugh- ter of Merton, and had issue William ; who married a daughter of Hill of Shilston, and had issue William ; who married Christian, daughter to John Crokhorn of Childhay, Dorsetshire, and had issue John, Robert. John married Elizabeth, daughter and one of the coheirs of WilUam Graunt of Westlegh, and of his wife, daughter and heir of Stevenston of Stevenston, Devon, esq., and had issue Humphrey, and Elizabeth married to John Hag- wel of Devon. Humphrey married Mary, third daughter and one of the co- heirs of Richard Champernon, of Inceworth in the parish of Maker, Corn- wall, esq., and of his wife, daughter and heir of Sir John Hamley, of Hamley. knight, and of his wife, daughter and heir of Sir Humphrey Talbot, knight : which Richard Champernon was son and heir to John, son and heir to Rich- ard, son and heir to Thomas, son and heir to Richard and Joan his wife, daughter and heir of Ralph de Valletort and Joan his wife, natural daughter to Richard, King of the Romans, second son of John, King of England : and Humphrey Monk had issue, by Mary, Anthony, Robert. Anthony Monk, of Potheridge, esq., married Elizabeth, daughter and one of the coheirs of Edward Wood of London, and had issue Thomas, Hum- phrey, Anthony, Anne, (married to Leonard Stafford of Dolton, Devon ;) Margaret, (married to Thomas Giffard of Halesbury, Devon, esq.;) Ibot, (married to Richard Monk of Leworth in Devon, esq.;) Alice, (married to John Mallet, of Woolly in Devon, esq.) Thomas Monk, of Potheridge, esq., sheriff, 8th Queen Elizal)eth, married first Frances, daughter and heir to Sir Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle, the relict of John Basset, of Umberlegh, Devon, esq., and had by her An- thony, John, Francis, Katharine, (married to Geoffry Mayow, of Burrington in Devon, gent.;) Margaret, (married to Hugh Ackland of Ackland ;) and Mary : secondly Thomas married Ehzabeth, daughter and coheir to Powel, of Stroud, and had issue Dorothy : thirdly he married Katharine, daughter of Hawkes, the relict of Christopher Savery. Anthony Monk, esq., son and heir, married Margery, daughter of Richard Arscot, of Norton, Cornwall, esq., and had issue Sir Thomas, Richard, (a 3o 470 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. captain at sea s. p.;) Arthur, (died at Ostends. p.;) Christopher, Frances, (married to Sir Lewis Stukely of Affeton,* knight ;) EHzabeth, (married to Nicholas Lutterel, of Hartland, esq.;) Jane, Eleanor, Mary. Sir Thomas Monk, of Potheridge, knight, married the daughter of Sir George Smith, of Matford in Devon, knight, and had issue Thomas, George, Nicholas, Arthur, Frances. He died in the sheriiF's prison, in Devon, June 30th, 1627. Thomas Monk, of Potheridge, son and heir, married Mary, daughter of William Gould, of Hays, Devon, gent., sans issue. George, the greatest general of the age, was created Duke of Albemarle, Earl of Torrington, &c.: by his wife, sister of Sir Thomas Clarges, left issue Christopher, late Duke of Albemarle, who died in Jamaica in 1687. PRIDEAUX, of Orchardton in Modbury, Devon, and Thewborough in Sutcombe. — Arg. a chev. sable, a label of three points gules. Crest. — A Saracen's head couped at the shoulders looking sideways proper. Sir Richard Prideaux, of Orchardton, knight, married Isabel, daughter of the Earl of March, and had issue Sir Geoffry, Alice, married to Richard Reskymer, of Helford, Cornwall, esq.. Sir Geoffry married Isabel, and had issue Peter ; who married Jane, daughter of Sir Wilham Bigbury, knight, and had issue Ralph ; who married Elizabeth, daughter to Walter Trever- byn, issue Roger ; who married Ehzabeth, daughter to Sir John Clifford, knight, issue Roger, John, Alice, married to Richard Reskymer, John mar- ried a daughter and one of the coheirs of Gilbert, of Adeston in Holberton, and had issue Giles and John. Giles, son and heir, married Jane, daughter and heir to Nicholas Bromford, in the parish of Jacobstov/, Devon, esq., and had issue Jane, married to Robert Strechlegh, of Strechlegh in Devon, esq. — — married a daughter of Robert French, and had two daughters : Joan, married to Adam Somaster of Widecombe, secondly to William Drew of Sharpham, thirdly to Baldwin Ackland, of Ackland, Devon. Thirdly he married a daughter of John Shapton, and had issue William. Wilham Prideaux, of Adeston, married a daughter of Hugh Mychelstowej * Hugh Stucle, esq,, obtained a considerable accession of property by marrying Katha- rine, only daughter and heir of John AfFeton. In consequence, he shortly after, viz. 31st January, 1437, presented to the living of West Worlington ; and on 17th March following to the church of East Worlington. See Lacy's Register, Vol. II. fol. 163 — 4. G. O.,— P. J. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 471 secondly he married a daughter of John Fortescue ; thirdly he married Alice, daughter and coheir of Stephen GifFard, of Thewborough, and Joan his wife, daughter and heir of John Spencer, of Tedburn in Devon, gent., (who was son and heir to John GifFard and Alice his wife, daughter and heir to John Huggeworthy, who was son and heir to John Giffard and of Ingaret his wife, daughter and coheir of Sir Alan Esse, of Thewborough, knight,) and had issue Fulk. Fulk married, first Joan, daughter to Sir Richard Edgcomb, knight; se- condly Katharine, daughter of Humphrey Pointz, of Langley, Devon, esq., and had issue Humphrey, and eight other sons who died sans issue, AUce, (married to Thomas Morton of Cornwall ;) Elizabeth, (married to Robert Yeo, of Shebbear, gent.;) Margaret, (first married to John Williams, second- ly to Leonard Tremain ;) Jane, (married to Thomas Hussey, of Shapwick, Dorset, esq.) Humphrey Prideaux, of Thewborough, married, first Joan, daughter of Richard Fowel of Fowelscomb, the relict of Courtenay of Lough- ter, and had issue Richard, William, Roger, Katharine, (married to Robert Trowbridge, of Trowbridge in Crediton, esq.;) Margery, (married to Robert Gibbes, of Warwickshire, gent. ;) Mary, (married to Henry Tremayn, of Bodrigan, Cornwall :) secondly he married Editha, daughter to WilUam Hatch, of North Aller in Southmolton, gent., and had by her issue Thomas, EHzabeth married to Robert Drake, of Wiscomb, Devon, esq. Richard Prideaux, of Thewborough, esq., married, first Joan, daughter of Gilbert Gennys : secondly Katharine, daughter of Sir John Arundel, of Trerice in Cornwall, knight, and Mary his wife, daughter and heir of John Bevil of Guarnicke, in St. Aliens, son and heir to Peter Bevil, esq.; issue, Richard, Humphrey, John, (sans issue,) Robert, (priest of Newton-St.- Petrock ;) Jane, Charity, (married to Nicholas Turberville, of Crediton. Richard Prideaux, of Thewborough, son and heir, married a daughter and heir of Lampen of Cornwall, and had issue Jonathan, William, and married to Fortescue, of Bucldand-Fillegh, esq. : secondly to Bcwden. Jonathan, son and heir, married a daughter of George, and hath issue Sir Richard Prideaux, knight, who married and hath issue Richard and Jonathan, PRIDEAUX, of Orchardton in Devon.— John Prideaux, esq., married first a daughter of Sir Thomas Wortley, of Yorkshire, knight, and had issue Thomas, Richard, William : secondly he 472 DKVONSHIRE FAMILIES. married Joan, daughter of John Fortescue, of Wympston, Devon, and had issue John, Joan, Elizabeth. Thomas married Margaret, daughter to Martin Ferrers, of Fenyton, De- von, issue John : secondly he married and had issue Elizabeth, wife of Ro- bert Strechlegh. Elizabeth, the younger, married to John Sleep : Alice to Christopher Pitts. John married Elizabeth, daughter to Thomas Copleston, of Bowden, esq., and had issue John, Philip, Agnes : secondly he married Ellen, daughter of Humphrey Walrond, of Bradfield, esq. John married Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Hill of Shilston, and had issue Robert, Philip, Elizabeth. PRIDEAUX, of Soldon in Holsworthy.— Roger Prideaujr, third son of Humphrey Prideaux of Thewborough, mar- ried Philippa, daughter and heir of Thomas Elacot, of Elacot in Bratton Clovelly, Devon, gentleman, the rehct of John Parker, of Northmolton, De- von, esq., and had by her Sir Nicholas; Sir Edmund of Farway, bart.; Eliza- beth, (married to John Periam of Exeter, and twice mayor thereof;) Wil- mot, (wife to Anthony Mapowder.) Sir Nicholas Prideaux, knight, son and heir, married a daughter of Henscot of Henscot, (the other was wife to Pome- roy,) and had issue Humphrey, John who married a daughter of Moyle of Bake in St. Germans, s. p. : secondly Sir Nicholas married Julyan, one of the coheirs of William Viell of Cornwall ; the second Mary to Anthony Den- nis of Orlegh, esq.; (Julyan aforesaid was married first to George Grenvile, esq., secondly to Kekewich, and thirdly to Sir Nicholas ;) Dorothy to Sir George Arundell of Lanhem; Grace to Peter Bevile, secondly to Sir George Smith ; Ehzabeth to Giles Risdon, of Parkham, Devon, esq.;) and had issue eight : thirdly Sir Nicholas married Mary, the relict of Morris, Doctor of Civil Law and Chancellor of Exeter. Humphrey Prideaux, esq., son and heir, married a daughter of Fortescue, of Fallopit, esq., and had issue a son, who died before his father. Prideaux, son and heir married a daughter of Coryndon. SIR EDMUND PRIDEAUX, of Farway in Devon, bart., second son of Roger Prideaux of Soldon, esq., mamed, first Bridget, daughter of Sir John Chichester, of Ralegh, Devon, knight, and had issue Tabitha, married to Ailworth, of Polslo in Heavitree ; Sarah, married to John Fortescue, of Fal- lopit; Admonition, married to Moyle, of Bake in Cornwall, esq.: secondly he married a daughter of Edgcombe, of Mount-Edgcombe, and had issue DBVONSHIRK FAMILIES. 473 Peter, Edmund : thirdly he married Mary, daughter of Richard Reynel, of East Ogwel, esq., the relict of Arthur FoweU, sans issue, Peter Prideaux, Bon and heir, married a daughter to Sir Anthony Pawlet, of Hinton-St.- George in Somersetshire, knight, and hath issue Sir Peter, hart., who, by Christian, daughter of Sir Bevil Grenvile, hath a numerous issue. William, of Padstow, son and heir to Humphrey Prideaux ofThewborough, married and had issue John. Thomas, of Madrid in Spain, i^ourth son of Humphrey Prideaux of Thew- borough, travelled to Madrid and there married a lady called Helena, and died there s. p. Humphrey Prideaux, of Westwood in Crediton, counsellor at law, son of Richard Prideaux of Thewborough, married a sister of Sir William Bevil, of Killigarth in Cornwall, knight, and had issue Bevil, and a daughter mar- ried to Holcomb, son of WiUiam Holcomb, of Crediton, yeoman. Robert, Parson of Newton St. Petrock, Devon, son of Richard Prideaux of Thewborough married BABINGTON, of Knoll in the parish of Ottery St. Mary.— Sir John Babington, knight, married and had issue Sir John ; who mar- ried Benedicta, daughter and heir to Ward, and had issue Sir WilHam, Tho- mas, Normannus, Arnold, John. John Babington, of Atherington, married Margaret, daughter and heir to Sir Robert KnoUes, knight, hath issue John ; who married Margaret, daugh- ter and heir of Wayman, and hath issue John, married to Southcot of South- cot ; and a daughter married to Hill of Edgmswell, Marychurch. John Babington, of Knoll, married EHzabeth, a daughter and coheir of Walter French, of Ottery St. Mary, and hath issue John. John Babing- ton, of Branscombe, Devon, esq., married EUzabeth, daughter of Holcomb of Branscombe, and had issue Nicholas ; Sir John and Sir Philip, knights of Rhodes. Nicholas Babington, of Ottery St. Mary, married Joan, one of the daugh- ters and heirs of Henry Whiting, of Ottery St. Mary, and had issue Wal- ter, Jane, (married to WiUiam Winslade ;) Elizabeth, (married to John Wykes of Exboume ;) Katharine, (to John Blackmoor of Somerset.) Wal- ter married, first Elizabeth, daughter of Brian Travers of Pill, near Barnsta- ple, and had issue Thomas ; secondly he married Tomazin, daughter of An- thony Pollard of Way and Horwood. 474 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. KNOLLES, of Little-Hempston, Devon. — Arms. — Or, a hawk seizing a bird, sab. on a chief argent three birds bolts erect, azure. Richard Knolles married Maud, daughter to Baldwin de Merriot, Lord of Merriot, and had issue Baldwin. Baldwin Knolles, of KnoU, Somerset- shire, married Jane, daughter to Simon de Hilcomb, and had issue Hugh ; who married Editha, daughter to Beauchamp, and had issue John ; who mar- ried Thomasin, daughter and heh- to Bozom and Eustace his wife, and had issue John ; who married Margery, daughter to Richard Boler, and had is- sue William ; who married Agnes, daughter to William Molins, and had issut Robert ; who married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Robert Ap- pleton, and had issue Edmund. Edmund Knolles, of Little-Hempston, Devon, married Joan, daughter and coheir of John Irish, and had issue George, Joan, (married to Andrew DiUing of Newton-Ferrers i) Elizabeth, (married to Thomas Lockington (Lockhampton) of Washbourn, Harberton. George married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of John Gaunt, of Marchwood, Dorset, and had issue Joan, (married to Richard Foster, and hath issue Joan;) and George, (married Mary, daughter to John Row of Staverton, sergeant-at-law, and had issue George, Richard, Denys, Joan, Eleanor. PAWLET, of Rode, of Hinton, Somersetshire, and of Sampford-Peverel, Devon. — Arms. — Sable three swords in point argent, crosses and pomels or. Crest. — A hand armed holding a sword, argent. Sir Walter Pawlet, of Rode, knight, had issue Sir John; who married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Reyney, knight, and had issue Sir John ; who married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of William Greedy, of Greedy, Devon, esq., and had issue Thomas, and William, of whom is the Marquis of Winchester. Thomas married Margaret, daughter and heir to Henry Bourton and Alice his wife, daughter and heir of John de Bosco, and had issue Sir William, and Elizabeth first married to Robert Bonton, secondly to John Bigbury. Sir William Pawlet, of Hinton St. George, knight, married Elizabeth, daughter and heir to John Deneband, son and heir to John Deneband, son and heir to Thomas, son and heir to William, son and heir to Philip, son and heir to WilUam, son and heir to Sir Philip, son and heir to Sir Philip Deneband, of Prostenant in Wales, knight, and of Alice his wife, daughter and coheir of John Giflfard, of Hinton, esq., and of his wife, daughter and DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 475 heir of Roger Powtrell, esq., of Hinton St. George ; and this Sir WiUiam had issue Sir Amias, Ann, (married to Sir WiUiam Cary, knight;) Florence, married to John Ashford, esq.;) Christian, (first married to Nicholas Chi- chester, esq.; secondly to Henry Hull ; thirdly to WiUiam Martin ;) Alice, (married to John Pawlet, of Basing, esq.) Sir Amias married, first Marga- ret, daughter of John Pawlet of Basing ; secondly Loore, daughter to Sir William Callaway, of Cockborn, Hampshire, and had issue Hugh, John, Hemy, Elizabeth married to John Sydenham, secondly to John Carswell, thirdly to Francis Copleston. Sir Hugh married, first Philippa, youngest daughter of Sir Lewis Pollard, of Girleston, Devon, knight, and had is- sue Amias, Nicholas, George, Jane married to Christopher Copleston, of Copleston, Devonshire, esq.: secondly he married Elizabeth, daughter of Blount. Sir Amias Pawlet, of Sampford-Peverell, Devon, knight, married Mar- garet, daughter and heir of Anthony Harvie, of Culm-john, Devon, and had issue Hugh, Sir Anthony, Jane, (married to Robert Haydon, of Cadhav in Ottery, esq.;) Elizabeth. Sir Anthony married Katharine daughter of Henry, Lord Norreys, of Tame, cind had issue John, Sir , and married to Sir Henry Hawly, in Somersetshire, knight ; and married to Sir Edmund Fowel, of Fowelscombe, Devon, knight. JOHN, LORD ZOUCH, married Joan, sister and coheir of John, Lord Denham, and had issue John ; who taking part with King Richard HL was attainted in 1486; he had issue Richard; who had issue George ; who had issue Edward. — Arms. — Gules ten bezants and a canton, ermine. COTTLE, of Sampford PevereU and of North-Tawton, Devon. — Arms. — Or, a bend dexter gules. Crest. — A tiger seiant on a ducal crown. John Cottle, gent., married Sarah, daughter and heir of Roger Cahurta, of Devon, gent., son and heir of Thomas Cahurta and of Margery his wife, daughter and heir to Richard Malherb of Thorn ; which Richard was son and heir to Roger, son and heir to Henry, son and heir to Jeffry, and had issue John. John Cottle, married Mary, daughter and heir to Nicholas God- frey of Bradford, and had issue Thomas; who married Joan, daughter and heir to Walter Bodigood of Launceston, and had issue John ; who married, first Joan, daughter of Borough, of Lyme-Regis, Dorset, and had issue Mar- garet, married to Thomas Chasty of Bradston : secondly he married Mar- gery, daughter of John Copleston of Exeter, and had issue John, Thomas, 476 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIKS. Elizabeth, (married to John Horewel of Radford ;) Joan, (to John Facy of Venton.) John, son and heir, married Beatrix, daughter of Matthew Earl, of Atherington, and had issue Walter, Hugh, Thomas, Margery. Thomas Cottle, of North-Tawton, second son to John, married Alice, daughter to Dunstan Haywood of North -Tawton, and had issue, Mark, William, Anthony, Christopher, Amias, Jane, (married to William Gilbert of Bovey ;) Mary, (married to John Babage of Chagford.) Mark married Amy, daughter of Leonard Yeo, of Ogbear, Cornwall. BURGOIN, of South-Tawton, Devon ; and Bedford. — Arms. — Azure a talbot passant argent, on a mullet or, a crescent sable for difference. — Walter Burgoin, third son to , Bedfordshire, married Julian, daughter and heir of Maud Shildon, and had issue John : who had issue Geoffry ; Ge- offry Burgoin, of London, married Katharine, daughter of Stoning of Lippis- lake, and had issue William ; William Burgoin, Recorder of Exou, married Joan, daughter to Richard Tavernour, of South-Tawton, Devon, and Alice his wife, daughter to William Weekes, of North- Wyke, Devon, and had is- sue William, Richard, Walter, Margaret, (married to William Fursdon of Fursdon ;) Joan, (married to Thomas Copleston of Instow.) William Bur- goin, of South-Tawton, married Alice, daughter to George Veale, of Wood in Devon, esq., and had issue George ; who married Elizabeth, daughter to William Buckingham of Exeter, and had issue WiUiam, Richard. William Burgoin, of Bideford, second son to William, married Ann, daughter to William Gorewell, of Fremington in Devon, and Margaret his wife, daugh- ter of Culpepper, of Kent, esq., and had issue, Richard, George, Jeffry. Richard Burgoin, of Bideford, married Alice, daughter to Reynold Tre- thurfe, of Ladock, Cornwall, esq., and had issue Thomas, Francis, Cecily, Anne. ARUNDELL, of Talvern in Cornwall. — Arms. — Sable six swallows ar- gent 3, 2, 1. John Arundell, esq., married Maud, one of the coheirs of Sir Humphrey Courtenay, of Boconnock, Cornwall, knight, and had issue John; who mar- ried Alice, daughter of John Penpons and Jane his wife, daughter of Rich- ard Trelawny, and had issue John ; who married Maud, daughter and heir of Pierce St. Aubin, and had issue Thomas ; who married Margaret, daugh- ter and one of the coheirs of Chammond, and had issue Sir John, Elizabeth, married to William Reskymer of Cornwall. Sir John married Anna, daugh- DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 477 ter of Godolphin, of Cornwall, esq., and had issue John ; who married Ger- trude, daughter of Richard Carew, of Anthony, Cornwall, esq, ARUNDELL, of Lanhern.— Sir Thomas Arundell, knight, married Elizabeth, sister and heir of Sir John, Lord Denham, and had issue Sir Thomas. Sir John married Eleanor, daughter to Thomas Gray, Marquis Dorset, Lord Harrington, and Bonvile, half brother to Edward V. The EARL of KILDARE.— Arms. — Argent a saltier gules. Crest — A marmoset prop, chained or on a wreath or and vert ; mantled gule doubled ermine. John Fitz Thomas, Baron of Offalley, was created the first Earl of Kil- dare. He married Blanch, daughter of Lord Roche, and had issue Thomas, and Maurice, Earl of Desmond. Thomas (the second Earl of Kildare,) mar- ried Jane, daughter of Sir Richard de Burgo, Earl of Ulster, issue Maurice. Maurice (third Earl of Kildare,) married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Bar- tholomew Bourwach, knight of the garter, and had issue Gerard, John. Gerard (fourth Earl of Kildare,) married Agnes, daughter to Lord Darcy. and had issue , his sole daughter and heir, married to James Botiler, Earl of Ormond. John (second son) had issue Thomas. Thomas (fifth Earl of Kildare,) married Jane, daughter to the Earl of Desmond, and had issue Gerard, and Thomas, (Chancellor of Ireland,) who married Elizabeth, daughter to Pres- ton, Lord of Gormanston, and had issue two sons and two daughters. This Thomas was slain at Stockfield ; third James, who married, first to the great O'Neill; secondly to Gerald, Kiuennagh, brother to Mac Morach. Gerald (sixth Earl of Kildare,) married Alice, daughter to Sir Rowland Fitz Eustace, and had issue Gerald, first married to the Baron of Delum, secondly to Pierce Botiler, thirdly to the Baron of Slane. He had a base daughter married to Talbot of Malehide. Gerald Fitz Gerald (seventh Earl of Kildare,) married EHzabeth, daugh- ter of Thomas Gray, Marquis of Dorset, and had issue EHzabeth, married to Edward, Lord Clinton, Earl of Lincoln. Henry Fitz Gerald, Earl of Kildare, married Frances, daughter of Charles Howard, Earl of Notting- ham ; secondly to Henry, Lord Cobham. The EARL of DESMOND.— Arms.— Ermine a saltier ruby. Crest. — A boar argent swaddled ermine, bounden gules. 3p 478 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Maurice Fitz Thomas (first Earl of Desmond,) married Eleanor, daugh- ter to the Lord of Kerry, and had issue Gerald. Gerald (second Earl of Desmond,) mamed Eleanor, daughter to Sir James Desmond, Earl of Or- mond, and had issue James. James (third Earl of Desmond,) married Mary, daughter to Sir William Fitz Richard de Burgo, and had issue Thomas. Thomas (fourth Earl of Des- mond,) married EHzabeth, daughter to William, Lord Barry, and had issue Morice and two others. He was beheaded at Drogheda by the Earl of Worcester. Morice (fifth Earl of Desmond,) married Beatrice, daughter of Ralph, Earl of Stafi'ord, secondly she was married to Thomas Lord Ross of Hamlake. NEWCOURT, of Pickwel (alias Pedixwel,) in the parish of George-Ham, Devon. — Arms. — Azure on a bend, erm. between two eagles displayed or. John Newcourt, esq., married, first Mary, daughter of Thomas Parker, (alias Jourdon,) of North-Molton, Devon, esq., the relict of John Hext, of Pickwel, esq., and had issue John, Philip. John married Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Dillon, of Hart in Bratton, Devon, esq., and had issue Toby, who married Mary, daughter of Arthur Harris, of Hayne in the parish of Lifton, esq. LUTTON, of Cofibrd in Kenton, gent. — Arms. — Vert an eagle bycept between an orle of martlets, or. Peter Lutton, gent., married Margaret, daughter of Nicholas Whitchalse of Chudleigh, and had issue Richard, John, Wilham. Richard married Joan, daughter of John Paddon and sister of Auditor Paddon, and had issue Emanuel, William, Elizabeth, (married to Pantor of Dawlish ;) Joan, (to Richard Long of Combinteignhead.) Emanuel married, first Mary, daughter of James Bale of Kenton, and had issue Emanuel, James, John, Francis, Richard, Mary, Elizabeth ; secondly he married Anne, daughter of William May, of Molton in Devon, relict of John Chafe of Exeter. TODENHAM, of Church-Taunton, Devon. — Arms. — Paly of six arg. and gules, a chief argent. John de Todenham (27th Henry IH.) had issue Oliver. Sir OHver had issue John ; who had issue Oliver and Thomas. Thomas had issue Robert. Sir Robert, of Gressowel, married Katharine, daughter and coheir of Sir Thomas Pateshul and Mabel his wife, daughter to the Lord William Gran- DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 479 disson, sister of Otho, and of Thomas Grandissou, and had issue John ; and sold this manor of Church-Taunton to Sir William Damerle, of Woodbury, and Remington in Somerset. His son John claimed against the same by a former entail made by Sir Oliver. ELLACOT, of the city of Exeter, gent. — Arms. — Lozengy or and azure within a border gules. Henry Ellacot married Lucy, daughter of Hawkins, and had issue John, Robert. John married Margaret, daughter of Nicholas Martyn of Exeter, and had issue Henry. Lucy married George Heale, ninth son of Sir John Heale, sergeant-at-law. married to Westover, of Yardbury, Devon. SEYMOUR, of Berry-Pomeroy in Devon, bart. — Arms. — Gules, a pair of eagles' wings in lure, or. Sir John Seymour, knight, married and had issue Sir Edward Seymour, knight, Duke of Somerset ; Thomas Seymour, knight. Baron of Sudley, Lord High Admiral of England ; Jane, third wife to King Henry VHL; EUzabeth, married to Gregory, Lord Cromwell, Baron of Okeham in Rut- landshire. Sir Edward Seymour, knight of the Bath, created Viscount Beachamp, 5th June, 1536, Earl of Hertford, 18th October, 1537, Duke of Somerset, 16th February, 1547, Lord Protector, &c., married, first Katliarine, daugh- ter and coheir of Sir WiUiara Fillot, knight, and had issue Lord Edward, of Berry-Pomeroy, and Lord John : his second wife was Anne, daughter of Ed ward Stanhope, esq., and had issue Edward, Earl of Hertford ; Lord Henry ; Lord Edward. Henry married Jane, daughter of Thomas, Earl of North- umberland ; Anne married to John Sutton, (alias Dudley,) Earl of Warwick, third son to John, Duke of Northumberland, sans issue. Jane, Mary, (married to Andrew Rogers ;) Katharine, Elizabeth, (married to Sir Rich- ard Knightley, knight.) Edward Seymour, of Berry-Pomeroy, married a daughter and heir of Welsh, of Cathanger in Somersetshire, and had issue Sir Edward Seymour, knight, bart.; who married Ehzabeth, daughter of Su- Arthur Champernon, of Dartington, knight, and had issue Sir Edward Sey- mour, knight, baronet; John; Walter; William; Richard; Mary; (mar- ried to Sir George Farewil of Somerset, knight;) ; (married to George Gary, of Cockington, esq.; Amy ; (married to Edmund Parker, of North- Molton, esq.;) Bridget ; (married to Sir John Bruin.) Sir Edward Sevniour, bart., son and heir, married Dorothy, daughter of 480 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Sir Henry Killigrew, of Cornwall, knight and hath issue Edward, Henry Thomas, Sir Joseph, Robert, John, Ehzabeth, (second wife to Francis Cour- tenay, esq., son and heir to Sir William Courtenay, of Powderham, knight;) Dorothy, Katharine, Margaret, Mary, Amy. [Sir Edward Seymour, of Berry-Pomeroy, married Ann, daughter of Sir John Portman, of Orchard- Portman in Somersetshire, and left issue Sir Edward Seymour, now of Berry- Pomeroy, and Maiden- Bradley in Wiltshire, hart.; John, William, Charles, and Henry, who being made the adopted heir of Sir William Portman, of Orchard-Portman aforesaid, bart., upon the condition he should take that name, is now called Henry Portman, esq., who married Haslewood, sans issue. Sir Edward Seymour, of Berry-Pomeroy and Maiden- Bradley, married a daughter of Sir William Swale, of London, knight, and had issue Edward ; who married Letitia, daughter of Popham of Littlecot, and hath issue Ed- ward and several daughters ; and William, a colonel under King WUliam HI. in Flanders: secondly he married Letitia, sister to Popham of Little- cot aforesaid, and hath issue Popham Conway, heir to the late Earl of Conway.] CLOTWORTHY, of Clotworthy in the parish of South-Molton, Wer- rington in the parish of , and Ralegh in the parish of Wemworthy, Devon, esq. — Arms. — Azure a chevron between three garlands, or. Crest. — A hart's head erazed, sable attired argent, shot through with a broad arrow or, feathered argent. William Cottle, of Clotworthy, married, first a daughter of John To- will, (alias Atwill,) of Crediton, and had issue John, John, Wilham, Thomas, Richard : secondly he married Beatrix, daughter of John King, of Chittle- hampton, and had issue Christopher. John Clotworthy, son and heir of Werrington, married, first Margaret, daughter and sole heir to John Clement, of Cargenny, Cornwall, and had is- sue Thomas, Cecily, married to John Person, of Boyton, Cornwall. Thomas Clotworthy, of Clotworthy, married Ibot, daughter and sole heir of Thomas Rashley, of Rashley, Devon, and had issue Thomas, Anthony, John, Hum- phrey, WiUiam, Tybot, Edward, Ibot, (married to John Evans, of Coleridge, Devon;) Eleanor, (married to John Densham.) Thomas Clotworthy, son and heir, married, first Elizabeth, daughter of Oliver Downman of Devon, and had issue Ann ; secondly he married a DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 481 daughter of John Radley, of North-Molton, yeoman, and had issue John, William, both sans issue ; thirdly he married Dorothy, daughter of John Parker, of North-Molton, esq., and had issue Simon, Sir Hugh, (knighted in the end of the Irish war at Tyrone ;) Abraham, Lewis, (who also inhabi- teth Ireland ;) Emanuel, Edmund, Sarah, (married to Horsey of Exeter ;) Grace, (to Colhns of Ottery St. Mary ;) Joan, to George Luxton, of Wink- ley, Devon, yeoman. Simon Clotworthy, of Clotworthy, esq., son and heir, married Mary, daughter of Rashley, of Fowey, Cornwall, and had issue Nathaniel, (sine prole,) John, Thomas, Joseph, and Mary. John, son and heir, married a daughter of John Rolle, son of John RoUe, of Stevenston, esq., and second- ly Margaret, daughter of Sir Edward Laurence of Dorset. [This family became extinct in the male issue about 1676. The last married the daugh- ter and heir of Radford, and left issue two daughters : the first married to GifFard of Brightly, sans prole.] ASHFORD, of Ashford in the parish of Burlescombe, Devon, esq. — Arms. — Argent three crops of ash keys vert, between two chevronels sable. Crest. — On a wreath or and vert tricked with leaves vert, a negro's head with a band tasseled behind, sable. Stephen de Esseford, or Ashford, lived there in the time of Henry I. WilUam, his son; John, his son ; and had issue Arthur, who married Agnes, daughter of William Peverel that gave land in frank marriage with her in Ashford Peverel, issue John. John Ashford married Sapientia, and had issue John, Simon, JuHan mar- ried to Lamprey. John married Alice, daughter of William Walrond of Bradfield, and died sans issue 50th Henry III. Simon, brother and heir, had issue John ; who married Margaret, daughter and heir of John Wood- ford, the elder, and Ann his wife, daughter and heir of Gilbert Crispin, to whom the said Gilbert gave the two manors, Lamsyd and Albaneston ; is- sue John, William. John had issue John, Simon, Robert, Nicholas, Tho- mas. John had issue WiUiam ; who married Joan, one of the daughters and heirs of Robert WoUrington, and had issue John; who married a daughter and coheir of William Ferrers of Churchton, and had issue John ; who married Florence, daughter of Sir William Pawlet, of Hinton-St.- George, Somerset, and had issue William, Florence, married to John Fran- ceis of Combe- Flory. 482 DEVONSHIKB FAMILIES. William Ash married Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Franceis, of Combe- Flory, Somerset, and had issue Nicholas, Robert, Alice, (married to John Cruwys, of Cruwys-Morchard ; son and heir of William ; son and heir of Wilham, brother and heir of Hugh ; son and heir of Richard and Jane his wife ;) Emlyn, a nun. Robert Ashford, of Wonwel, son of William, married Agnes, sister and coheir of Robert Hingeston, sister and heir of Philip, son and heir of Ro- bert, son and heir of William, son and heir of Wilham, brother and heir of Hugh, son and heir of Richard and Jane his wife, to whom William Bicke- bery gave the common called Bickebury ; as appeareth by record dated at Bickebury die Jovis 20 post festum inventionis Sancte Crucis anno reg. Edwardi HI., a conquestu Anglie 21 ; and issue Robert Asliford, Wal- ter, Anna, (married to Brokedon of Lustleigh;) Jane. Robert Ashford of Wonwel, son of Robert, married Agnes, daughter of Thomas Fortescue, of Wimston in the parish of Modbury, esq., and had issue Arthur, John, Wil- liam, Elizabeth, Katharine. Nicholas, son and heir of William Ashford aforesaid, married a daughter of Nicholas Fry of Yarty, issue Roger, Richard, John, Amias. Roger, son and heir, married Elizabeth, sister and heir of Bartholomew Mychel, of Cannington, Somerset, and had issue Henry, Thomas, Blanch, (wife to Sir John Whiddon, of Chagford ;) Elizabeth, (married to WUliam Spurway of Tiverton.) Henry Ashford, son and heir of Roger, married Amy, daughter of Rich- ard Blewet, of Holcombe, Devon, esq., and hath issue Arthur, Francis, Roger, John, Mary, Amy. [Ashford is lately made away by Ashford, bred a merchant, unto Sandford, of Nine-head, Somersetshire, who married his sister.] BULLON, Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire. — Arms. — Argent a chevron gules, between three bulls' heads, couped, sable, armed or. Sir Godfry Bullen, knight. Lord Mayor of London, 1457, descended from the ancient famUy of the BuUens of Blickhng in Norfolk, married Anne, daughter and coheir of Thomas, Lord Hoe and Hastings, and had issue Sir William Bullen, knight ; who married Margaret, daughter and coheir of Thomas Butler, thhd son of James IV., Earl of Ormond, and brother and heir to John and James Butler, Earls of Wiltshire, and had issue Sir Tho- mas Bullen, knight ; who was made Viscount Rochford 1 7th King Henry DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 483 VIII,, and created Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire, in the "2 1st of the same king, married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, and Elizabeth his wife, sole daughter and heir of Sir Frederick Tilney, knight, and had issue George, put to death by King Henry VIII.; Anne, married to the same king ; Mary, married to William Gary, esq. BUTLER, Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire. — Arms. — Azure a chief in- dented or. Theobald, Lord Butler, married Joan, daughter and heir of John Fitz Pears, lord chief justice of Ireland, and had issue Edward, and died 1299. Edward, Lord Butler, knighted 1309, lord chief justice of Ireland, 1314, married a daughter of Sir John Fitz Thomas, and had issue James, first Earl of Ormond. James Butler, created Earl of Ormond by King Edward III., married Eleanor, daughter of Humphrey Bohun, the eighth of that christian name Earl of Hereford, and had issue James, Richard. James, (second Earl of Ormond,) married Ann, daughter to John, Lord Wells, and had issue James, James. James, eldest son, (third Earl of Ormond,) married a daughter of the Earl of Kildare, sans issue. James, second son and heir, (fourth Earl of Ormond,) married Joan, daughter to William Beauchamp, Lord Aberga- venny, and had issue John, James, Thomas, Earl of Ormond. John died sans issue ; James, second son, was created by King Henry VI., in the 27th year of his reign. Earl of Wiltshire, and died sans issue : he was Lord Treasurer in 33rd Henry VI. Thomas Butler, third son and heir. Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire, married Anne, one of the daughters and coheirs of Richard Hankford, nephew of Sir William Hankford of An- nery in Devon, knight, chief justice of the Common Pleas, and had issue Ann, (married to Sir James St. Leger, knight, of whom are all the St. Legers in Devon ;) Margaret, (married to Sir Thomas BuUen, knight, Viscount Rochford, Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire. ST. LEGER, of Annery in Devon. — Arms. — Azure fretty arg. a chief or. Sir Thomas St. Leger married the Duchess of Exeter, sister to King Edward IV., 1484. Sir James St. Leger, knight, married Anne, eldest daughter and coheir of Thomas Butler, third son and heir of James Butler, fourth of that name Earl of Ormond,) and ^Vnn his wife, one of the coheirs of the said Sir William Hankford, and had issue Sir George St. Leger, knt. Sir George St. Leger, of Annery, knight, (sheriflf of Devon 22nd Henry 484 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. VIII.,) married Ann, daughter of Edmund Knivet, esq., and had issue Sir John St. Leger, knight, and a daughter married to George Courtenay, of Powderham, esq. Sir John St. Leger, knight, married Katharine, daughter of George Nevil, Lord Abergavenny, and had issue John, Dudley , Mary, (married to Sir Richard Grenvile, of Bideford, knight ;) Frances, (married to John Stukely, of AfFeton in Devon, esq.;) Ulaha, (married to Edmund Tremayn, of CoUacombe, Devon, esq.; secondly to Tristram Arscot, of Annery, esq.) John St. Leger of London, gent, married . One Bartholomew St. Leger married Blanch, daughter to William Bour- chier. Lord Fitzwarren. She is buried in Sherwell Church, 1483. Sir Wilham Hankford, lord chief justice, had issue Sir Hankford ; who married and had issue Sir Richard, Anne, (wife of James Butler, fourth of that name Earl of Ormond ;) Margaret, (to Sir William Bullen, knight.) Sir Richard Hankford, knight, married Anne, daughter of John Monta- cute. Earl of Salisbury, sans issue ; leaving his two sisters, married as above, his coheirs. His widow was secondly married to Sir John Fitzlewis; thirdly to John Holland, Duke of Exeter. WALROND, a Baron in the 50th Henry III.— Arms. — Argent three bulls' faces sable, armed or. Crest, — On a wreath argent and sable a tiger seyant plated argent, armed or. William Walrond, of Bradfield, esq., married Juhan, had issue John, and Joan married to Walter Reynel, of Malston, Devon, esq. John Walrond married Alice, daughter and heir of Ufflet and Alice his wife, daughter and heir general of Sir Martin Fishacre, Devon, esq., and of Agnes his wife, daughter and heir general of Sir Speke, knight, and had issue John, and Joan married to Robert Battin, of Dunsland, esq. John married Margaret, daughter of John Moore, of Moorhays, Devon, esq., and had issue John, Humphrey who married with a daughter of Martin, and his posterity lives at Clist. John Waldron. of Bradfield, esq., had issue Humphrey, and Alice married to Robert Yeo, of Heanton-Sachvile, Devon, esq. Humphrey married Elea- nor, daughter of Henry Ogan, esq., and had issue Henry, John, Joan, (mar- ried to William Tylley, of Cannington ;) Ehzabeth, (to John Hake of Cul- lumpton;) Ellen, (to Anthony Fortescue, son and heir of Robert Fortescue, of Fallopit, Devon, esq. Henry married Agnes, second daughter and coheir DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 485 of John Whyting of Wood, Cullompton, Devon, and had issue Humphrey, and Ellen married to Thomas York of Somerset. Humphrey Walrond, of Bradfield and Wood, esq., married Mary, daugh- ter of Sir Thomas Willoughby, knight, one of the judges of the Common Pleas, and had issue William, Thomas, Alexander, Humphrey, Humphrey : secondly he married the daughter of Moor of Taunton, the relict of Ed- ward Courtenay, and had issue William Walrond, of Bradfield and Wood, esq., married a daughter of Warr, of Somerset, and had issue Henry, and Mary married to William Arscot of Tetcot, Devon, esq. Henry married Penelope, daughter of Sy- denham, of Dulverton in Somerset. BASSET, of Umberlegh, Devon.— Arms. — Barry undy of 6 or and gules. Crest. — A unicorn's head couped, naane, beard, and horn, or; on the neck two bars indented, gules. Sir Gilbert Basset, knight, married Jgelina, and had issue Sir John ; who married Ada, daughter of Sir Andrew Ballum, and had issue Allen ; who married a daughter of Sir Andrew Haccombe, of Haccombe in Devon, and had issue John ; who married a daughter of Sir Ralph Mallet, and had issue John ; who married Alice, daughter of Sir John Walleys, and had issue William ; who married Jane, daughter of Sir Botreaux, and had issue Tho- mas ; who married Margaret, daughter and coheir of Richard HeUegan, and had issue Sir William; who married Margaret, daughter of Sir Simon Fleming, and had issue John ; who mamed Jane, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Beaumont, and had issue Sir John ; who married Isabel, daughter of Thomas Budockside, and had issue John ; who married Ann, daughter of John Dennis, of Orlegh, esq., and had issue a daughter : secondly he (she- riff of Devon, 16th Henry VHI.,) married Honor, daughter of Sir Thomas Grenvile, of Stow in Cornwall, knight, and had issue John, George, James, (of the privy chamber to Queen Mary ;) Mary, (married to John WoUa- combe, of Combe in Devon, esq.) John Basset, esq., married Frances, daughter and coheir of Sir Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle, (natural son to King Edward IV. by Ehza- beth Lucy,) and of Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Edward Gray, Viscount Lisle, and sister and heir to John her brother, and Elizabeth his wife, daughter of John Talbot, Viscount Lisle, and sister and heir of Thomas her brother, and of Joan his wife, daughter and coheir of Sir John Ched- 3q 486 DEVONSHIRB FAMILIES. der, knight ; which John Talbot was fourth son to John Talbot, first Earl of Shrewsbury of that name, but eldest by his second wife, Margaret, el- dest daughter and coheir of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, and of Elizabeth his wife, daughter and heir of Thomas, Lord Berkeley, and of Mar- gery his wife, daughter and heir of Warren, Lord Lisle, and had issue Sir Arthur, and Honor married to Wilham Whiddon, esq., his second wife, sans issue : secondly to Christopher Chichester, of Frithelstock, esq. Sir Arthur Basset, knight, (sheriff of Devon the 1 7th Queen Elizabeth,) married Eleanor, daughter of Sir John Chichester, of Ralegh, knight, and had issue Sir Robert, Sir Arthur, William, George, John, Margaret, (mar- ried to Richard Duke of Otterton, esq.;) Ann, (married to John Chichester, of Hall and Westcote in Devon, esq.) Sir Robert Basset, knight, married Ehzabeth, daughter and coheir of Sir William Periam, of Little Fulford, now Shobrook Park, knight, lord chief baron of the Exchequer, and of Agnes his second wife, daughter to John Parker, (abas Jordon,) of North-Molton, esq., who was son and heir to John Periam of Exeter, and twice mayor thereof, 1563 and 1572, and of Marga- ret his wife, daughter and coheir of Hone, of Ottery St. Mary, and had is- sue Arthur, WilUam, Anne, (married to Jonathan Rashleigh of Menabilly;) Elizabeth, (married to George Yeo of Huish ;) Eleanor, Mary. [Arthur Basset, of Umberlegh and Heanton- Court, esq., married one of the coheirs of Leigh, of Northam, esq., and had issue, John, Francis, Ar- thur. John married one of the coheirs of Blewet, of Holcomb-Rogus, esq., and had issue John, Francis, Arthur. John (the heir,) married the daugh- ter and heir of Ackland of Bittaden> sans issue. Arthur married a daugh- ter of Connock in Cornwall, and hath left issue one son.] PRIDEAUX, of Nutwell, Devon. — Arms. — Argent on a chevron sable, three bars wavy of the field, a file of three lables gules. George [John] Prideaux, sergeant-at-law, married Mary, daughter of Lewis Stukely, of Affeton, esq., the relict of Tristram Larder, of Pynes, esq., and had issue Thomas, Jane, (married to James Courtenay of Upcot, in Cheriton-Fitzpaine, esq.;) Katharine, (married to Richard Duke, of Otter- ton, esq.;) Thomas married, first Margaret, daughter of Caper, of Whit- church in Somerset, esq., and had issue Sir Thomas, Alexander, William, , (married to Allet, esq.;) , (married to Sprott, canon of the Ca- thedral Church of Exon :) secondly he married Joan, daughter of Thomas DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 487 Williams, of Stowford, esq., the relict of Philip Cole, of Slade in Devon ; secondly of BuUer ; and after the decease of Thomas Prideaux she married Richard Connock of Cornwall. Sir Thomas Prideaux, of Nutwell, knight, married Joan, daughter and coheir of Cole of Buckland-Toussaints, esq., (the other coheir was married to Sir George Southcot, of Shillingford, knight,) and had issue Thomas. HURST, of Exeter, and Oxton in Kenton, Devon. — Arms. — Argent, the planet Mars, gules. Eugenius de la Hurst was lord of Hurst in Edward I. Richard at Hurst succeeded him. WilUam, 8th Edward HI. WiUiam 20th Edward HI. Robert Hurst, of Newton-Bushel, (2nd Edward IV.) married Joan, eldest daughter and coheir of Robert Stephen of Modbury, and Christian his wife, daughter and heh of Lee of Damerelscombe, and had issue Robert, John, Jane, Thomasin. Robert Hurst, of Modbury, son and heir, (22nd Edward IV.) married Joan, daughter and coheir of William Rivel of Stoneyford, and Isabel his wife, relict of John Hunsdon, of Modbuiy, (Mabel, the second co- heir, was wife to William Hill de Penquit ; Alice, the third, was first mar- ried to William Fountain ; secondly to Robert Ford of Combe,) son and heir of Walter Ryvell (who had a second son, John, of Wyland,) and Joan his wife, daughter and heir of Robert Legh of Legh-Durant, and the relict of Richard CuUock ; which Walter was son of Richard, son of Walter, son of John Ryvell : which Robert Hurst had issue William, and Joan married to John Baker of Modbury, 20th October, 13th Henry VII. WiUiam Hurst, of Exeter, (five times Mayor,) married Julian, daughter of John Bear, of Hunsham, esq., and had issue WiUiam, John, Margaret, (married to Rich- ard Martin, twice Mayor of Exeter ; secondly to John Drake of the same place;) Joan, (married to Thomas Yard, of Bradley in Devon, esq.) WUliam, son and heir, died before his father, but first he married and had issue Agnes, married, first to George Bodlegh, of Dunscomb in Cre- diton, esq.; secondly to Humphrey Carew, of Bickleigh, esq. John Hurst, of Exeter, (second son,) married AUce, daughter of Wal- ter Smith of Totnes, and had issue WiUiam. WiUiam Hurst, of Exeter and Oxton, esq., married Mary, daughter of John Petre, of Exeter, esq., and had issue Nicholas and Susan, who died unmarried 20th August, 1594. Nicholas Hurst, of Oxton, esq., married Mary, daughter of Sir William Pole, of Shute, knight, and died 23rd June, 1 604. 488 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. HUISH, of Deniford in Somerset. — Arms. — Argent on a bend dexter sable three fishes naiant of the field. John Huish married Katharine, and had issue Oliver ; who married, first a daughter and coheir of John Avenel, (the second coheir was married to Richard Weeks of North- Week, the third to Holcombe,) and had issue John, Humphrey, Thomas of Taunton, and , married to Chichester, of Hall in Devon. John married a daughter of Walrond, and had issue William, Roger of St. Deacons in Somerset, James of London. William had issue Silvester, Silvester had issue William, William had issue John. HUISH, of Sand, in Sidbury — Arms. — Ut supra, with his difi'erence. Crest, — An elephant's head argent crowned or. James Huish, of London, (third son of John Huish, of Deniford in Som- erset,) married a daughter and heir of Bourchier, and had issue Rowland, and second wife to Sir Robert Bret, of London, knight. Rowland Huish, of Sand, esq., married Anne, daughter of Wentworth, and hath issue James ; who married a daughter of Richard Reynel, of Creedy-Wiger in Upton Hellions, esq., and hath issue. Humphrey Huish, (second son of Oliver Huish of Deniford,) married Ja- quet, daughter and coheir of John Hall of High-Bray, and had issue Hen- ry, John, Bartholomew : Gonet (the second daughter and coheir,) was mar- ried to John Stavelegh, of East-Buckland, sans issue ; secondly to John Pitt, who had one daughter and heir, Agnes, married to John Marsh of Town- house in Molton. Henry Huish, son and heir, married Helen, daughter of John Stavely, of East-Buckland, and had issue Thomas, Anthony, William (parson of Kilkampton,) who married Jane, daughter and heir of WiUiam Peiye, and had issue Elizabeth, (married to WiUiam Weston;) Nazar, (mar- ried to George Lyppingcot, of Webbery in Alverdiscot, in Devon ;) Helen, (married to Richard Cook ;) Joan, (married to William Stoford;) Elizabeth, (married first to Peter Drayton, school-master of Exeter ; secondly to John Doughty, parson of Alphington;) Grace, (manued to Richard Norris ;) Jane, (married to Richard Beavis of Exeter ; secondly to William Martin, recor- der of Exeter.) Anthony married Alice, daughter of Turner, and had issue Henry; who married Marcella, daughter of Symons, and had issue Southcot. PAULET, of Sampford-Peverel in Devon.— Sir William Paulet, knight, married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of John DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 489 Denband, and had issue Sir Amias, Alice, (married to John Pawlet of Ba- sing, father to the Marquis of Winchester;) Anne, (first wife of Sir William Gary, knight ;) Christian, (married first to Henry Hull ; secondly to Nicho- las Chichester of Pilton Ralegh, esq., and had issue ; thirdly to Sir William Martin, of Athelhamston, knight, and had issue ; fourthly to James Chud- legh, of Ashton, esq.;) Florence, (wife of John Ashford of Ashford.) Sir Amias Paulet, of Hinton-St. -George, knight, married Margaret, sole daughter and heir of Anthony Har\'ye, of Culm-John, esq., and had issue Sir Anthony, who married a daughter of Robert Haydon, of Caddy in Ottery St. Mary, esq. Sir Anthony married a daughter of Lord Norreys of Ry- cot, and had issue John, (married to Sir Henry Haule, of Somerset;) Katharine, (married to Sir Edmund Fowel, of Fowels- Combe in Devon, knight.) ARSCOT, of Arscot in Holsworthy, esq. — Arms. — Party per chevron azure and ermine, two stags' heads caboshed or. Crest. — A falcon pluming a pheasant, both proper, Robert Arscot, of Arscot, married Joan, daughter and heir of Nicholas TiUey, and had issue Richard ; who married Joan, daughter and heir of Raynston, and had issue John ; who married Margery, daughter and heir of Richard Floyer, of Holsworthy, and had issue John, Richard, Alnight, John. The two youngest were priests. John married Joan, daughter and heir of Clawford, and had issue John, Thomas, Richard, John, Christian, (man-ied to John Fortescue, of Buckland-Fillegh, esq.; secondly to Thomas, eldest son of Sir John Chamond, of Launcells in Cornwall, knight, who by her had two daughters and coheirs married to Tripcony and Trevanion ; Ag- nes, first married to Richard Prideaux of Tavistock ; secondly to John Ser- vington, of Bear in Cornwall, esq. John Arscot, of the inner temple, (first son,) manned Philip, daughter and heir of Humphrey Battyn, of Dunsland in Devon, esq. and Katharine his wife, daughter of Carminow, son and heir of Robert Battyn and Joan his wife, daughter of John Walrond of Wood, son and heir of Robert Bat- tjm and his wife, daughter of Gilbert, (alias Webber,) son and heir of Battyn and Elizabeth his wife, daughter and coheir of John Dabernon of Dunsland and Isabel his wife, daughter and heir of John Mules, of Ems- borough, Swimbridge, one of the justices of Edward VI.; the other coheir, Joan, was married to John GifFord (or Gilbert,) son and heir to William 490 DKVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Battyn, and had issue Humphrey, John, Nicholas a priest, Thomas, George, Alnight, Wilham, Margery, (man-ied to John Stowford, of Stowford, esq.;) Joan, (married to Anthony Legh, of Huish, esq,;) Margaret, (married to John Lower, of Tregouthen, Cornwall ;) Barbara, (married to Sir Christo- pher Harris, of Radford, Devon, knight ;) Agnes, Humphrey Arscot, of Dunsland, esq., married Ellen, daughter of Thomas Hatch, of Aller in South-Molton, esq., and had issue John, Lewis, Dorothy, (wife to WiLUam Kellaway, of Maugan in Cornwall ;) Honor, (wife to Wil- liam Lavell, of Castle-Horneck in Cornwall ;) Ann, (wife to John Rouse, of Kellyworgy in Cornwall ;) Phihp unmarried. John Arscot, esq. married Mary, daughter of Thomas Monk, of Pothe- ridge, esq., and hath issue Arthur, John, (who married Jaquet, daughter of Walter Cottle of Yealm-Bridge, Devon, and hath issue Mary and Ibot ;) Margery, (married to Lewis Stukeley, son to Lewis Stukeley, son to Lewis Stukeley of AfFeton, esq., Frances, (wife to George Chilcot, of Stokegumber, Somerset ;) Ann, Mary. Arthur, son and heir, married Ibot, daughter of Leonard Yeo, of Petherwin in Devon, esq., and hath issue Mary, Grace. ARSCOT, of Annery in Devon, esq. He was first of Norton in Launcells, Cornwall. Richard Arscot, of Norton and Annery, son of John of Arscot, esq,, son and heir of John, son and heir of Richard, son and heir of Robert, mar- ried Margaret, daughter of John Fitz, of Fitz-Ford in Tavistock, esq., and had issue Tristram, Humphrey, Hercules, Margery, (married to Humphrey Monk, of Potheridge, esq.;) Elizabeth, and Philippa. Tristram Arscot, of Annery, esq.. Married Eulalia, daughter of Sir John St. Leger, of Annery, knight, the rehct of Edmund Tremayn, of CoUacombe in the parish of Lamerton, esq., and hath issue John, Tristram, (who mar- ried the rehct of Robinson ;) Katharine, (married to Humphrey Prouz, of Chagford, esq.;) Mary, (married to Edward Trelawny, of Bake in Cornwall. John married Alice, daughter of Thomas Southcot, of Bovey, Devon, esq., and hath issue. ARSCOT, of Tidwell in Budley, Devon, esq.— Humphrey, son of Richard of Norton, son of John of Arscot, esq., mar- ried Margaret, daughter and heir of Gabriel Saintcleer, of Tidwell, esq., and hath issue Charles, Francis, Humphrey, Andrew, PhiUp, Richard, Francis. ARSCOT, of Holsworthy in Devon.— DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 491 Tliomas Arscot of Holsworthy, son of John, son and heir of John, son and heir of Richard, son and heir cf Robert Arscot, of Arf?cot, esq., married Agnes, daughter of Blyght, of Bodmin, esq., and had issue John, Thomas, Faustin, &c. ARSCOT, of Tetcot in Devon, esq.— John Arscot of Tetcot, fourth son of John, son and heir of John, son and heir of Richard, son and heir of Robert Arscot, of Arscot, esq., married EK- zabeth, daughter of Walter, of Hertfordshire, and had issue Arthur ; who married Mary, daughter of John Lanxford, of Axworthy, Devon, and had issue Edmund, John, Ezekiel, Mary, (married to John Berry, of Coleton in Chulmleigh, esq.;) Blanch, (married to Thomas Bodlegh, of Dunscombe in Crediton, esq.;) Grace, (married to John Weeks, of North- Week, Devon, esq.;) Martha, (first married to Wilham Hinson, of Tawstock, esq.; second- ly to William Button, of Fulham by London, knight ;) Honor, (married to William Maynard of Tavistock, esq.;) Ehzabeth, (to Thomas Kendal, of Lostwithiel in Cornwall ;) Abigail, (to John Simms, of Chard, esq.) Ed- mund, son and heir, married Mary, daughter of William Walrond, of Wood in UfFculm, Devon, esq., and hath issue John, William, Mary. WARR, of Hestercombe in Somerset. — Henry Warr married Gonilda, daughter and at length one of the two co- heirs of Sir Henry Percehay, of Tuderington, and Lord of Burlescombe and Kitton, (the other sister, Ahce, was married to Nicholas Hele of Hele,) which two manors feU to Warr, and had issue Richard, who had issue John, William, Robert. John had issue Richard, who died. Robert Warr, of Chipley, married a daughter and heir of Chipley, and had issue John, who had issue Richard. Sir Richard married Margery, daughter of John Brock- man, of Whitham in Essex, issue Thomas; secondly he married Joan, daugh- ter of Sir Wilham Hody, issue John, Robert of Gotton, Eleanor, Jane. Thomas Warr, of Hestercombe, married Joan, daughter of William Mal- let of Enmore, issue Richard, John, William, Henry, Thomas, Edward, Joan, (wife of Thomas Nichel of Cannington ;) Mary, (wfe of Sydenham of Che- worth;) Alice. Richard married Katharine, daughter of Roger Blewet, and had issue Roger, Richard. Roger married Eleanor, daughter of Sir John Popham, lord chief justice, issue Richard, John. Thomas. Richard married the daughter and heir of St. Barbe. BAMPFIELD, of Poltimore in Devon.— 492 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Arms. — Or on a betiJ gules, three mullets argent. Crest. — On a wreath a lion's head erazed, sable ducally crowned, Simon de Montague granted Poltimore, 26th Edward I., to William Poyntingdon, a canon of Exeter, and to John Bampfield. John Bampfield, of Poltimore, esq., married Eleanor, daughter of Humph- rey Beauchamp, knight, and had issue John ; who married Joan, daughter of Sir Richard Merton, knight, and had issue Thomas ; who married Agnes, a daughter of Copleston, and had issue John ; who married Jane, daughter and heir of Huxham in Devon, and had issue Thomas, John. Thomas mar- ried Agnes, daughter and coheir of John Faber, and had issue John, Richard, Maud, (married to Thomas Dennis, of Holcombe-Burnel, esq.;) Agnes, (mar- ried to John Prouz, of Esterval in the parish of Chagford, esq., John mar- ried Joan and had issue John, Thomas. John married Agnes, daughter and heir of John Pederton and Cecily his wife, daughter and heir of John Turvey, son and heir of Simon Turvey, son and heir of Sir Simon Turvey, knight, and had issue Sir "William Bampfield, knight, Peter, Elizabeth, (married to Henry Francis ;) Thomasin, (married to Walter Pauncefoot.) Sir WiUiam married, first Margaret, daughter and coheir of John Lord St. Maur, and had issue Edward, Elizabeth, (married to Lye ;) Margaret, (to Richard Yard, of Bradley and Churchton, esq.; his second wife was Margaret, daughter to Nicholas Kirkham of Blakedon, the widow of John Chenye, of Pinho, esq. Edward married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Wadham, of Merry- field in Somerset, knight, the relict of Warr in Somerset, and had issue Richard, Joan, (married to Richard Pollard, of Horwood in Devon, esq.;) Lawrence, (married first to Bidwell ; secondly to Robert Fulford, and had issue Katharine, married to Erasmus Pine ;) Elizabeth, (married to George Percival ;) Mary, (married to Wilham Warder of Hampshire.) Richard (sheriff" of Devon 20th Ehzabeth,) married Elis, daughter of Sir John Sydenham, of Brymton in Somerset, knight, and had issue Giles, who died in a voyage towards Ireland; Sir Amias, knight; Richard; Elizabeth, (married to George Gary of Clovelly, esq.;) Joan ; Ursula, (married to Tho- mas Fulford, of Fulford, esq.;) Susan, (married, first, but second wife to, John Hays, of Myll in the parish of Witheridge, esq.; secondly to Sim- cock ;) Mary, (married to Humphrey Moor, of Moorhays, Cullompton, esq. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 493 secondly to Richard Bowden, parson of Okehampton ;) Gertrude, (married to John Harding, of Longbredy in Somerset, esq.;) Ann, (married, first to Christopher Morgan, of Maperton in Dorset, esq.; secondly to Lutterel ;) Katharine ; Margaret, (to William Lacy, of Hartrow in Somerset, esq.) Sir Amias (sheriff of Devon 1604,) married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Clifton, and sister to Gervase, (who died young,) Lord Clifton, and hath issue Richard, John, Wilham, Amias, Edward, James, Dorothy, (first married to Edward Hancock of Combe-Martin, esq., clerk of the assizes, and had issue ; secondly to Sir John Dodderidge, secondary justice of the King's Bench, s. p.;) Anne, Jane, (married to Francis Drake, of Buckland, esq., and after baronet.) John married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Drake, of Buckland, esq., and had issue Amias, Arthur, John, Richard, Lewis, Francis. POLLARD, of King's-Nymet in Devon. — Arms. — Argent a chevron azure between three mullets gules. Sir Lewis Pollard, knight, sergeant-at-law, married the daughter and heir of Dunisford, or Donesford, and had issue Sir Hugh, Sir John of Ford and Combe-Martin ; Sir Richard, knight of St. Johns ; John, archdeacon of Barnstaple ; and seven others and eleven daughters : , (married to Sir Hugh Stukely, of Affeton, knight ;) Elizabeth, (to Sir Hugh Courtenaj', of Powderham, knight ;) , (to Sir Hugh Pawlet, of Sampford-Peverel, knight ;) , (to Sir John Crocker, of Lineham, Devon, knight ; se- condly to Sir Hugh Trevanion, of Cornwall, knight ;) , (to More, of Morehays, Devon, esq.) Sir Hugh married the daughter and heir of Valetort, of Greston in Ny- met-Episcopi, Devon, and had issue Lewis, (two other sons,) Elizabeth, (married to Richard Bury of Coleton, secondly to Henry Dillon, esq.;) Do- rothy, (married to Robert Courtenay, of Molland, esq.; secondly he mar- ried a daughter of Sydenham, of Dulverton in Somerset;) Lewis married Joan, daughter and heir of Hugh Prust, of Thorvey in Hartland, and had issue Sir Hugh, Tjcwis, Frances, (married to Sir John Uggan of Pembroke- shire ;) Susan, (married to John Cbpleston, of Copleston, esq.; secondlv to Anthony Rous, of Halton in Cornwall, knight.) She was second wife of Sir John Parrot, knight, lord deputy of Ireland, and had issue two daugh- ters : the first was married to Sir John Phillips, of Picton in Pembrokeshire, knight: the second to , of Lanhem, Cornwall; secondly to Vaughan, 3r 494 DEVONSHIRK FAMILIES. father to Lord Vaughan ; thirdly to Sir Arthur Chichester, knight, Lord of Belfast in Ireland. Su- Hugh Pollard, knight, married first Dorothy, daughter of Sir John Chichester, of Ralegh, knight, and had issue Lewis, Francis, William, Ann, (married to James Welsh, of Barnstaple, esq.;) Susan, (to John Northcot, of Hayne in Newton St. Cyres, esq.;) Gertrude, (to Gilbert Davie, of Ca- nonteign in Devon, esq.;) Mary, (to Robert Dodson, of Hay in Cornwall, esq.; secondly he married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir George Speke of Somerset, the relict, first of John Chudleigh of Ashton, esq., secondly of Sir John Clifton, Somerset, knight, issue Arthur, a captain, and Hugh. Lewis Pollard, of Nymet, esq., married Margaret, daughter of Sir Hen- ry Berkeley, of Bruton, Somerset, knight, and hath issue Hugh, Lewis, Berkeley, Amias, George, and several daughters. DINHAM. — Arms. — Gules four fusils in fess, ermine. Sir John married and had issue Sir John, who was made Lord Dinham 1st Edward IV., 1461 : he married Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Fitzwalter, and had issue George, Phihp, Margaret, (married to Sir Nicholas, Baron Carew ;) Joan, (to Lord Zouch ;) Elizabeth, (to Fulk Bourchier, Lord Fitz Warren, of whom is the Earl of Bath ; and secondly to Sir John Sapcots, knight ;) Katharine, (to Sir Thomas Arundell of Cornwall.) He had also a base son named Sir Thomas Dinham, knight, who married a daughter and coheir of Sir John Ormond, knight, and was buried at Ash- ridge, three miles from Berkhampstead, of whom the Dinhams of Sitting- burn in Kent are descended. BURNER Y, of Burneby in Devon. — Arms. — Azure two bars batteUed, counter batteUed, ermine. Edward Burneby, esq., married a daughter and heir of Moyle of Corn- wall, issue Thomas ; who married Wilmot, one of the daughters and heirs of Hengscot, issue John, Mary married to Edward Copleston of Instow. John married Maud, daughter and coheir of Thomas Croke and his wife, daughter and heir to Clifford, issue John ; who married Grace, daughter of Anthony Pollard of Horwood, issue Richard ; who married Julyan, daugh- ter of WiUiam Tothill of Exeter, issue Richard. EDGCOMBE, of Stonehouse and Mount-Edgcombe in Devon, and Cote- hele in Cornwall, — Arms. — Gules on a bend ermine between two cotizes or, three boars' heads couped argent armed as the third langued as the first. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 495 Sir Richard Edgcombe, of Stonehouse, knight, (sheriff of Devon 2nd Henry VII., sent ambassador into France 1488,) married a daughter of Tremayn, and had issue Sir Piers, and Joan married to Fulk Prideaux of Thewborough. Sir Piers, (ahas Peter,) of Mount- Edgcombe, knight, (she- riff of Devon 10th Henry VII. and 20th Henry VIII.,) married a daughter and heir of Stephen Dumford, of Rame in Cornwall, and his wife, daughter of Rame of Rame, and had issue Sir Richard. Sir Richard Edgcombe, knight, (sheriff of Devon 35th Henry VIII. and 1st Queen Mary,) married a daughter of Tregion, of Cornwall, knight, and had issue Piers, — , (married to Sir Wilham Trevanion, of Carryhays in Cornwall, knight ;) Eli- zabeth, (to Thomas Carew, of East Anthony, Cornwall, esq.;) — , (to AtwUl, parson of Honiton's-Clist.) Piers Edgcombe, esq., (sheriff of Devon 9th Queen Elizabeth,) married Margaret, daughter of Sir Andrew Lutterel, of Dunster Castle, Somerset, knight, and had issue Sir Richard, married, first wife to Sir Edmund Prideaux, hart., by whom he had issue. Sir Richard (who died January, 1625,) married, first a daughter and one of the coheirs of Sir George Cary, of Cockington, knight, sans issue ; secondly he married a daughter of Sir Thomas Coteale, of London, by birth a Dutchman, and hath issue. BURY, (ahas BERRY,) of Berry-Nerber, Devon, esq.— Arms.— Gules three bars or. Jenkin Berry, esq., married and had issue John, Nicholas of Eastley, Richard of Croscomb in the parish of Martinhoe, John married and had issue Thomas ; w^ho had issue Nicholas, Robert a priest, Anna, (married to John Devonshire ;) Collete, (to Corelyff.) Nicholas Berry, esq., married, first Ehzabeth, daughter of John Brud- weU, and had issue Humphrey, John, Nicholas, Frances, (first married to Edward Hensley of the same place, secondly to John Berry of Croscomb ;) Ann, (married to Griffith ap Owen of Wales ;) Jaquet, (to David Maxwell of Wales ;) Julyan, (first married to Richard Gay of Barnstaple, secondly to John Peard of the same place :) Nicholas secondly married Eglin, daugh- ter of John Berry of Coleton, esq., and had issue Wilham, Thomas, Rich- ard, Lewis, Agnes, (married to John Strobridge of Brushford ;) Margaret, (to William Way of St. Giles;) Margery, (to George Black;) Elizabeth, (to Walter Popham of Porlock, Somerset.) Humi)hrcy, eldest son of Nicholas, married Margery, daughter of Pliilip 496 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Moor, of Cullompton, esq., sans issue ; secondly he married Jane, daughter of Francis Lambert, of London, esq., and had issue Humphrey, Richard, Nicholas, Grace married to John Coffin of Parkham, son to Richard Coffin of Portledge. Humphrey married Prudence, daughter of John Coffin, of Portledge, esq., and had issue Richard, Humphrey, George, Nicholas, all of whom died young, s.p.; and Grace married to Borlase of Cornwall. Rich- ard Berry, esq., married Mary, daughter of Sir William Kirkham, of Blake- don, knight, sine prole. BURY, (ahas BERRY,) of Coleton in the parish of Chulmleigh, esq. — Arms. — Ermine on a bend azure, three fleur-de-lis, or. WilHam Berry, esq., married Agnes, daughter of John Reigny of Egges- ford, and had issue John, Robert, Alice, (wife to John Harwood of South- Molton ;) Margaret, (wife to Henry Coleton of Coleton ;) Margery, (wife to Patrick Pollard of Langley;) Ellen, (married to Nicholas Berry, of Berry- Nerber, esq.) John Berry, esq. married Joan, daughter of Richard Coffin, of Portledge, esq., in the parish of Alwington, and had issue Richard, Jaquet married to Sir Richard Pollard, knight. Richard married Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Sir Hugh Pollard, knight, (she was secondly married to Henry Dillon, of Chimwell, in Bratton-Fleming, esq.,) and had issue John, Hugh, Mary, EUzabeth, and Dorothy. Hugh married Ann, daughter of Richard Pollard of Horwood, esq. John married, first Wilmot, daughter and heir of John Giffard of Yeo, from whom he was separated, sans issue ; secondly he married a daughter of Mountjoy of Petherwin, and had issue Humphrey. Humphrey Berry, esq., justice of the peace, married Gertrude, daughter of John Stukely, of Affeton, esq., and hath issue John, and Gertrude married to Henry Spur of Northill, Cornwall. John, son and heir, married Mary, daughter of Arthur Arscot, of Tetcot, esq., issue Humphrey, John, Gertrude. BERRY, of Croscombe in the parish of Martinhoe, Devon. — Richard Berry, of Croscombe, gent,, third son of Jenkin Berry, of Beny- Nerber, esq., married a Spanish woman and had issue John ; who had issue Richard, and John of Chittlehampton. Richard married and had issue John, John, Robert, and Robert sine prole. John married Frances, daughter of Nicholas Berry, of Berry-Nerber, esq., the rehct of Edward Hensley of the same parish, and hath issue Richard, Anthony. Richard Berry, of Cros- combe, married a daughter of Edward Hensley of Berry-Nerber, and had DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 497 issue John, Richard. John married a daughter of Belway, parson of North- Tawton, sans issue; secondly he married Frances, daughter of Roger Weeks, of North-Week in South-Tawton, esq., sine prole. Richard married Mar- garet, daughter of Nicholas Witchalse, of Barnstaple, esq., and had issue. BERRY, of Berry-Nerber, Ilfracombe, Lob, and Westleigh, Devon. — Arms. — Or, three bars, gules. John Berry, esq., married Margaret, daughter and coheir of John Gifford, of HeUond, Cornwall, esq., (Ingret married to John Colyn, Jane to Wdliam Langdon,) and of EHzabeth his wife, sister and coheir of Thomas de Esse, son and heir of Sir Alan de Esse, of Esse-Ralph, Devon, knight, issue Ni- cholas; who married Ahce, and had issue Ralph, John. Ralph Berry, of Ilfracombe, esq., married Eleanor, daughter and coheir of Robert Soil and Ahce his wife, daughter to Simon Brett, son and heir to John Soil and Ka- tharine his wife, daughter and heir to William Auncell ; which John Soil was son and heir of John Soil and Maud his wife, daughter and heir to John de la Leygrave, son and heir to Hugh, son and heir to John, son and heir to Alexander, son and heir to John Leygrave and Julyan his wife, daughter to Sir Robert de la More, knight, and had issue John, Ralph who married Elizabeth, daughter of John Hatch of Woolley, and had issue John ; who married Elizabeth, daughter to Richard Chichester of Ralegh, and had is- sue James ; secondly he married Margaret Gubb, widow of Phihp Chiches- ter, issue Anthony, John, Christopher, Thomas, (which Thomas, son of John Berry of Lobb in Braunton, married Elizabeth Larder, widow of Garland,) and Jean. James Berry, of Eastleigh, esq., married Jane, daughter and heir of Thomas Lane of Lane, issue Anthony, Alexander, Richard, Lawrence, Maud, Maiy, Joan, (married to Hugh Hext ;) Elizabeth. Anthony Berry, of Eastleigh, esq., son and heir. Anthony Berry, son of John of Ilfracombe, and West-Challacombe in Combe-Martin, married and had issue a daughter and sole heir, married to Philip Bevil, of Killagarth in Cornwall, who by her had issue EHzabeth, married to Sir Bernard Grenvile. BERRY, of Barley in the parish of St. Thomas, Devon, esq. — John Berry, of Chittlchampton, second son of John, eldest son of Richard of Croscombe, third son of Jenkin Berry, of Berry- Ncrber, esq., married a daughter of Cobley, and had issue Henry, Joan. Henry Berry, of Chittlc- hampton, married Agnes, daughter and heir of John Smith of Biidgetown, 498 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Berry-Pomeroy, and had issue Bartholomew, John, Richard, William, An- drew, Joan, Dorothy. John married Gonet, daughter of John Chappie of Chittlehampton, and had issue Bartholomew, John, Thomas, Henry, Eleanor, Agnes, Joan, and Dorothy. Bartholomew Berry, of Barley, esq., married Joan, daughter of Hugh Prust of Gorwin in Devon, sine prole ; secondly he married Mary, daughter of John Hall of Clannaborough. BEAUMONT, of Gittesham, Devon. — Arms. — Barry, of six vaure and gules. Henry Beaumont, of Gittesham, esq., son of John, married Elizabeth, daughter to Robert Stowel, of Codleston in Somersetshire, esq., and had issue Humphrey, William, Elizabeth, (married to Robert Coker of Maypow- der in Dorset, ;) PhUippa, (married to Lewis Davils, of Marland in Devon, esq.) Humphrey Beaumont, in Gittesham, esq., married Joan, daughter of John West, brother to the Lord de la Warr, and hath issue Henry, John, Elizabeth maiTied to Robert Muttleberry of Somerset; secondly he married Jane, daughter of John Sydenham, of Leigh in Somerset, and had issue Thomas, sans issue. Henry married Ehzabeth, daughter to Sir Roger Blewet, of Holcombe, knight, he died sans issue, as did John before him ; and so he conveyed, for name's sake, his land to a younger brother, of the house of Colhorton in Ijeicestershire, who hath now sold it. Sir Thomas Beaumont, in the time of Henry VL, by his first wife had Rich- ard, s. p., William, Philip ; by his second, Thomas, Hugh, John. WiUiam married Joan, in whom he deUghted not, but lived from her ; and her youth not liking soUtary life, had a son which she maintained unknown to her husband ; after whose decease Phihp, his brother, succeeded him and con- veyed the same to Thomas, his half-brother, and his heirs male. After Philip's death, Thomas entered and possessed the land ; in whose time John, the son of Joan or Jane, wife to WiUiam, claimed the land as heir to his father, William. It so far proceeded that it was a parhamentary case in the time of Henry VH. John was adjudged a bastard by proclamation through- out England, but I find no act thereof; yet was there a composition, he had 80£ land, whereof the manor of Gittesham was part, and termed John sonof Joan Bodrugan; for her second husband was Henry Bodrugan. This John had issue Henry ut supra. FORTESCUE, of FUleigh and Wear, Devon.— John Fortescue, son of Sir John Fortescue, was lord chief justice of the DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 499 King's Bench 20th Henry VI. to the end of his reign, and wrote a learned book in commendation of the laws of England, to inform the young prince to desire the same, married and had issue Martin ; who had iss\ie John of Filleigh, and William of Buckland-Filleigh, esq. John Fortescue, esq.; (three times sheriff of Devon, 11th, 19th, and 22nd Henry VII.,) married and had issue Bartholomew ; who married and had issue Richard, Mary, (married to Robert Yeo, of Heanton-Sachvile, esq.;) Jane, (to Humphrey Thorn, of Sheepwash, esq.) Richard (sheriff of Devon 6th Queen Ehzabeth,) married a daughter of Moorton, in Kent, and had issue Hugh, George, Ehzabeth, Mary, (married to Hugh Culm, of Ca- nons-Leigh, esq.;) Dorothy, (to WiUiam Carevv, of Haccomb, esq.) Hugh Fortescue, of Filleigh, esq., son and heir, (sheriff of Devon 26th Elizabeth,) married Ehzabeth, daughter of Sir John Chichester, of Raleigh, knight, and had issue John, Hugh, Gertrude, (married to Arthur Upton, of Upton, esq.;) Joan, (to Arthur Pollard, of Horwood, esq.;) Cecil, (to An- thony TreviUian, in Yeamscombe, esq.:) Sarah, (to Leonard Yeo, of Huish and Hatherleigh, esq,;) Rebecca, (to George Reynel of Malston ;) Mary, (to Edmund Reynel of the same place.) John Fortescue, of Filleigh, son and heir, married Mary, daughter of Edmund Speccot, of Thornbuiy, esq., and had issue, Hugh, John, Robert, Arthur, s. p., Richard, Elizabeth, (married to Captain Roger Langsford, of Brownlarsh, Devon, esq., who had issue Roger;) Dorothy, (wife of Yeo, younger brother of Leonard ;) Mary, Cecil, unmarried, Sarah, (wife to Wollacomb, of Combe, esq.;) Anne. Hugh Fortescue, esq., son and heir, married a daughter of Robert Rolle, of Heanton, esq., and hath issue John. George Fortescue, esq., married the relict of Norleigh, of Inwardleigh, Devon, esq., and had issue Bartholomew, Gertrude, (married to Langwor- thy;) Susan, (to Ley. Bartholomew married a daughter and coheir of Carswel, of Carswel, esq.) The other was married to Ford, secondlv to Philip Horrel. BODLEIGH, (alias BODLEY,) of Dunscombe in the parish of Crediton. Arms. — Argent five martlets in saltier, sable on a chief, azure, three crowns or. Crest. — On a torse or and azure, on a field azure, a crown or within the sun- beiims, engrailed proper. John Bodley, esq., married and had issue John, John, Robert, Edwai'd, Gilbert. John married a daughter of Copleston, and had issue George, 500 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Christopher, John, and Agnes, married to John Worth, of Compton, esq. George married Agnes, daughter and heir of WiUiam Hurst, of Exeter, esq., and had issue "William, Mark. William married Ann, daughter of Thomas Dowrish, of Dowrish in the parish of Sandford, esq., and had issue Thomas, William, Elizabeth, (married to Trevillian of Cornwall;) Mary, (married to Nicholas Bellew;) Susan, (married to Spinetes Bellew.) Tho- mas married Blanch, daughter of Arthur Arscot, of Tetcot, esq., and hath issue John, William, Francis, Thomas, Arthur, George, Anne, Mary, John, the second son of John, married Joan, daughter of John Fox of Exeter, and had issue EHzabeth, married to Maurice Levermore of Exeter; secondly he married AUce, daughter of Thomas Gale of Dartmouth, and had issue John, Richard, Alice. John Bodley, of Exeter, married Joan, daughter and coheir of Robert Hone of Ottery St. Mary, (the other, Margery, married with Periam of Exeter, Eleanor with Horsey, Alice with Harton of Barnstaple, Elizabeth with WiUiam Chappie of Ottery St. Mary, Mary to Geoffry Upton of Wells,) and had issue Sir Thomas Bodley, knight, that builded the famous Library at Oxford, sans issue ; John, a minister ; Lawrence, Doctor of Divinity, ca- non of the cathedral church of St. Peter's in Exeter, and parson of Sho- brook, sans issue ; Zachary, a minister ; Sir Josias, a worthy soldier, and knighted in Ireland by the Earl of Devon in Tyrone's wars. HUDDISFIELD, of ShiUingford, Devon,— Arms.— Argent, a fess be- tween three boars, sable. William Huddisfield married Alice, sister of John Gold of Lampit, and aunt and heir to Alice his daughter who died sans issue, and had issue Sir William ; who was attorney- general to Henry VH. and of his council, and married, first Elizabeth, daughter and heir of John Bozom, the rehct of Sir Baldwin Fulford, of Fulford, knight, and had issue Katharine, wife to Sir Edmund, Baron Carew ; secondly he married Katharine, daughter of Sir Phihp Courtenay of Powderham, knight, and had issue Elizabeth, married to Sir Anthony Poyntz, of Acton in Gloucestershire. SOMASTER, of Widecombe-in-the-Moor, and Painsford in the parish of Ashprington, Devon. — Arms. — Argent, a castle tripple towered between eight fleurs-de-lis. Crest. — A portcullis with cliains, argent. This part was granted for a crest by Clarence Cooke, 1 4th March, 1586, under his hand and seal. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 501 Adam Soraaster, of Widdecombe-in-the-Moor, esq., married Julyan, daughter of John Prideaux of Adeston, and had issue John ; who married a daughter of Jacob of Somerset, and had issue, John, William, Walter, and Alice, married to Walter Geare of Heavitree, gent. John Somaster, of Painsford, esq., married, first Elizabeth, daughter of William Holbeam of Holbeam, esq., and had issue Joan, married to Sweet- land of Exeter; his second wife was Jane, daughter of Nicholas Dillon, of Chimwel, esq., and had issue William, Robert, Richard, Nicholas, Radi- gund, (married to John Trevanion, of Trevalster, Cornwall, esq.;) Grace, (married to Richard Fowel, of Fowelscombe in the parish of Ugborough, esq,;) and Margaret, (to John OlyfFe, clerk of the signet dweUing by Ingar- ston, Essex ;) Joan, (to John Ford of Ashburton, his second wife.) s. p. William Somaster, of Painsford, esq., married Katharine, daughter to Henry Fortescue, of Preston, esq., and had issue John, Thomas, (archdea- con of Cornwall and parson of Beer- Ferrers, sans issue ;) Henry, George, (principal of Broad-Gates in Oxford, sans issue ;) Elizabeth, (married to John Bonvile, of Ivy-Bridge, esq.;) , (to Tregonwell of Milton, alias Midleton, Dorset, esq.) John was disinherited for marrying against his father's consent, and the estate settled upon Henry. Henry Somaster, of Painsford, esq., married a daughter of John Arun- dell, of Trerice, Cornwall, esq., and one of the coheirs of Katharine his wife, daughter and heir of John Coswarth, of Coswarth, Cornwall, and had issue Sir Samuel, John. Sir Samuel Somaster, knight, married Frances, daugh- ter of Sir William Strode, of Newnham, knight, and hath issue. HUCKMORE, of Bokeyt in the parish of Little Hempston and Buck- land- Baron, in Combinteinghead, Devon. — Arms. — Per chevron or and sable in chief two pair of sickles conjoined arg-., handles or, in base a moor cock bill and wattles gules. — Crest — A falcon proper seizing a moor cock. Richard Huckmore of Bokeyt, married Agnes, daughter and heir of John Bokeyt, and had issue John ; who married and had issue Roger ; who married Joan, sister and heir to Gregory Fulkeroy, vulgo Fulkrey or Fulkram, of Buckland-Baron, Devon, and had issue Gregory ; who married Jane, daughter to Wilham Walrond, of Bovey, esq., and had issue Grego- ry; who married Alice, daughter to Robert Cruse, of Chulmleigh, esq., and 3s 502 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. had issue John, Gregory, Richard, Thomas, Phihp, Mary, (married to Tho= mas Yard of Bradley ;) Ann, (second wife to Edward Yard, of Churchton- Ferrers, esq., and had issue Ahce, Margaret, Ursula, Grace, and Jane. John Huckmore married Mary, daughter to William Floyer, of Floyers- Hays, esq., and had issue William ; who married a daughter and coheir of Sir Bartholomew Mychel, of Canington, Somerset, and hath issue Gregory, William, Charles. MARSHALL, of Teigngrace, Devon. — Arms. — Or, a mill rind sahle. John Marshall, one of the four coroners of Devon, married Agnes, daugh- ter of Walter Ossingold of East OgweU, and had issue Thomas, John, and Katharine. MARSHALL, of Exeter, and ChiUington in Somerset. — Arms. — Per fess gules and or, in chief three antelopes' heads erazed, or, lan- gued, azure in base a mill rind sable. Crest. — An antelope's head erazed, or, gorged gules. William Marshall married and had issue Robert; who married Joan, daughter and heir of Owsley, of Chillington in Somerset, and had issue William, Thomas of Chillington, and John, mayor of the city of Exeter in 1615, who married Alice, daughter of Richard Beavis of Exon, and had is- sue James, Richard, Alice, (married to George Harris born at Barnstaple ;) Ehzabeth, (wife to Thomas Trobridge of Taunton ;) Jane, (wife to James Gould of Exeter;) and Susan. HOLBEAM, of Holbeam in East OgweU, Devon. — Arms. — Argent, two chevi'ons enarched, sable. John Holbeam, esq., married a daughter of Sir Adam (alias Alexander) Cole, of Uptamar (or of Tamerton,) knight, and had issue William ; who married a daughter and coheir of Leyton of Hulbert, and had issue John ; who married a daughter of Cruse, and had issue John; who married a daughter and heir of Watton, and had issue WilUam; who married a daugh- ter and heir to John Gambon, of Morston, esq., and had issue John, Phi- lippa, (married to James Chapps, of Inis, Somerset ;) Elizabeth, (to John Somaster.) John, son and heir, married Ehzabeth, daughter to Sir John Pesmersh, Stafford, knight, and had issue John, and Christopher, sans issue. John Holbeam, esq., married Margaret, daughter of WiUiam Fowel, of Fowelscombe, esq., and had issue John, John, Ehzabeth, first married to DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 503 John Marwood of Westcot, esq.; secondly to Robert Pollard of Honiton in Molton, esq, John Holbeam, esq., married, first Anna, daughter of Richard Yard, of Bradleigh, esq., sans issue ; secondly Mary, daughter to Gilbert St. Cleer, of Budleigh, esq., sans issue. John (second son, and heir to his brother,) married Thomasm, daughter to Philip Dodington, of Mere in Somerset, esq., sans issue. HEXT, of Kingston in Devon, gent. — Arms. — Or, a castle trippled-tow- ered between three battle-axes, sable. Thomas Hext, gent., married Jane, daughter of John Fortescue, and had issue John, Thomas, Agnes, (married to Lewis Pollard;) Elizabeth, (to John Ackland, of Ackland in Landkey, esq.;) Jane to Nicholas Holway ;) Katharine, and Eleanor. John married Jane, daughter and coheir of Ste- phen Tillye, of Broad-Clist, and had issue John, Thomas, George, Walter, EUzabeth, (married to Christopher Argentin of Lincolnshire, gent.;) Jane, (to William Wigenton of London ;) Mary, (to Richard Halse of London.) John married Ehzabeth, daughter and heir of Peter Colshul of Exeter, and had issue John, Stephen, Alexander, Martin, Joan, (married to Thomas Dagget, Buckinghamshire ;) Jane, (to John Furse of Raddon-Court, Thor- verton ;) and Mary. John married Philippa, daughter of Wilham Denham, in the parish of Lifton, issue John, William, Elizabeth, Susan, Jane. HILL, of Shilston in Modbury, Devon. — Arms. — Argent, a chevron be- tween three water bougets sable, a mullet difference. Richard Hill, esq., married Jane, daughter to Andrew Strechley, of Hol- berton, esq., and had issue Robert, John, Margery, and Elizabeth married to Walter Northcot. Robert married Elizabeth, daughter of John Dinham, of Wortham, esq., and had issue Oliver, Francis, Humphrey, Philip, Robert, Richard, EUzabeth, (married to Thomas Prideaux, of Orcharton, esq.;) Ka- tharine, (to Cole of Colehanger ;) and Florence. Oliver married Agnes, daughter to Roger Budockside, esq., and had issue Robert, Arthur, Ehza- beth, Florence. Robert married a daughter to Thomas Southcot, of Shil- lingford, esq., and had issue. COPLESTON, of Copleston in the parish of Colebrook, and of Warleigh in Tamerton, Devon, called Whitespur. — Arms. — A chevron engiaileil between three leopards' faces, azure. Crest. — A Ueiny griflin saltier gules aimed, or, wiihuut wings. 504 DKVONSHIRE FAMILIES. I find Copleston married with Margaret, daughter to Sir William Wol- rington, and sister and coheir to William, her brother : the other, Jane, married Hatch. Adam Copleston, of Copleston, esq., married and had issue John, Mar- gery married to Robert Hawkworthy, of Hawkworthy, (whose two daugh- ters and heirs married Ackland and Northcot, esqrs.) John married Katha- rine, daughter and heir of John le Grace, of Teign- Grace and Teign- Brew- er, esq., divorced from John de Affeton, and had issue John; who married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of John Hawly of Dartmouth, esq., and of Emma his wife, daughter and heir of Sir Robert Tresilian, Cornwall, knight, and of Emmelyn his wife, daughter and heir of Sir Richard Huish, of Chag- ford, knight, and had issue Philip, John of Exeter, Walter of Yealmpton, Eleanor, married to John Pollard, of Horwood, esq. Philip Copleston, of Copleston, esq., (sheriff of Devon 11th Edward IV.,) married a daughter and heir of John Bonvile and Jane his wife, daughter and heir of John Wilbeiy of Trewohke, Trewythian, and Tremour, who was son and heir of Margaret, daughter and heii" of Walter Fitzwalter, son and heir of Robert Fitzwalter and Jane his wife, daughter and heir of Robert Fleming and Hester his vdfe, sister and heir of John Berkley, son and heir of Sir Simon Berkley, knight ; which John Bonvile was son and heir to Tho- mas Bonvile and Leva his wife, daughter and heir of John Gorges, of Ta- merton, esq., and had issue Ralph, Edward, Radigund, (married to Walter Reynel, of Malston, esq.;) and Sabin a nun. Ralph Copleston, esq., mar- ried EUen daughter of Sir John Arundell, of Lanhern in Cornwall, knight, and had issue John, Nicholas of Chepston in Cornwall, Richard of Otterham. John Copleston, of Copleston, esq., married, first a daughter of Bartho- lomew St. Leger, in Devon, esq., sans issue ; his second wife was Katha- rine, daughter of Ralph Bridges of Devon, issue Christopher, George, Rich- ard, Barbara, (married to Anthony Hillersdon, of Membland, esq.;) Thoma- sin, (to Roger Pollard of Langley;) Ann, (to John Woodmanston, in De» von ;) Joan, (to Francis Bidwel ;) Katharine, (to Henry Sampford ;) Mary, (to John Bodlegh, of Dunscombe in Crediton.) Christopher Copleston, of Copleston, esq., married, first Mary, daughter of Sir William Courtenay, of Powderham, knight, sans issue ; secondly Joan, daughter of Sir Hugh Pawlet, of Hinton-St. -George, Somerset, knight, and had issue Hugh, (who married a daughter of Sir WiUiam Fleetwood of DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 505 London, sans issue ;) John, Christopher, Mark, Robert, (the third, fourth, and fifth married, but died s. p. ;) Philippa, (married to Nicholas Adams ;) Joan, (to Henry Kingdom, of Kingdom in Alverdiscot ;) Ehzabeth, (to Hugh Earth.) John Copleston, of Warleigh and Copleston, esq., second son and heir, married Susan, daughter of Lewis Pollard, of Kings-Nymet, esq., and had issue Amias, John, who died unmarried, Lewis, Joan, (married to William Crimes, of Buckland-Monachorum, esq.;) Ehzabeth, (to Sir Shilston Cal- mady, knight ;) Phihppa, (to Nicholas Slanning, of Devon, knight ;) Susan, (to Edward Calmady, brother to Sir Shilston.) Amias Copleston, of Warleigh and Copleston, esq., married Gertrude, second daughter of Sir John Chichester of Raleigh, knight, and had issue John, Susan, Francis, Ehzabeth, Gertrude. COPLESTON, of Bow in the parish of Nymet-Tracy, and Instow, in Devon, esq. — Edward Copleston, son of Philip, son and heir of John, son and heir of John, son and heir of Adam, esq., married Mary, daughter of Thomas Burneby, of Burneby, esq., and had issue Thomas. Thomas Copleston, of Instow, married Joan, daughter of Wilham Burgoin of London, and had issue Humphrey, Anthony, Joan, (married to Thomas Gunie of Devon;) Mary, (mamed to John Beaple of Fremington;) and Margery. Hum- phrey Copleston, of Instow, married Mary, daughter to John Doddington of Somerset, and had issue Ehzabeth, Jane, Ehzabeth, Susan, Mary. COPLESTON, of Bicton and Eggesford in Devon, esq.— Henry Copleston, of Bicton, esq., married Joan, one of the coheirs of Humphrey Sachville, of Bicton, esq., (the other coheir, Margery, was mar- ried to William Wilford of Oxton,) and had issue Charles ; who married Ann, daughter and sole heir of Richard Reigny of Eggesford ; who was son and heir of John Reigny and Beatrix his wife, son and heir of John, son and heir of John and Cecily his wife, daughter of John Week of Week, son and heir to John and Agnes his wife, daughter to Roger Page, son and heir of John, son and heir of Richard, son and heir of Sir John Reigny, knight, and had issue John, Ehzabeth married to John Thomas of Cornwall. John Copleston, of Eggesford, esq., married Ann, daughter of Thomas Stukely, of Coleridge, esq., and had issue John, Thomasin, (married to George Pollard of Langley;) Margaret, Margery. 506 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Humphrey Sachville, above-mentioned, was son and heii* of John, son and heir of Ralph de Sicca Villa, or Sachville, and Joan his wife, daughter and heir of Richard de Balister, son and heir of Jeffry de Balister, (25th Edward I.,) son and heir of Henry, son and heir of Jeffry, son and heir of Ralph AlabaUster, (cross-bowman,) or Balistarius, (12th Henry HI.,) son and heir of Ralph. He had the keeping of the common goal and held Bicton by that tenure. The first that had it given him by Henry I. John Janitor had issue Roger, who had issue William and John ; who successively held it. After it came to Alabalister. COPLESTON, of Otterham and Woodland, Devon.— Richard Copleston, of Woodland, third son of Ralph, son and heir of Phihp, son and heir of John, son and heir of John, son and heir of Adam, married Thomasin, daughter of John Floyer, of Floyers-Hays, esq., and had issue Thomas, Richard, John, Katharine, Elizabeth. Thomas died sans is- sue. Richard, son and heir, married a daughter of BeUew, issue Richard, Tristram, Dudley, Henry, married to Cooke. Richard, son and heir, married a daughter of Sherman, of Knightston in Ottery St. Mary, and hath issue. COPLESTON. of Bowdon in Yealmton, Devon, esq.— Walter Copleston, third son of John, son and heir of John, son and heir of Adam Copleston, of Copleston, esq., married Ehzabeth, daughter and heir of Thomas Stone, son and heir of John Stone and Margaret his wife, heir to Stephen Lawterham, of Lawterham, and Maud his wife, daughter and heir of Richard Colland, son and heir of Robert and Basil his wife, daughter and heir of John de Bowdon, and had issue Thomas ; who mar- ried Katharine, daughter to WiUiam Fowel, of Fowelscombe, esq., and had issue, John, Thomas sans issue, Elizabeth, (married to John Prideaux of Orcharton, esq.;) Ann, (to Richard Spencer, merchant-taylor, St. Thomas the Apostle, London.) John married Isabel, daughter to Henry Fortescue, of Spridleston, esq., and had issue Henry, John, William, Katharine, Eliza- beth, Joan, Mary. COPLESTON, of Wyke in the parish of Little Torrington, and of Pynes in the parish of Upton-Pyne, Devon, esq. — Anthony Copleston, second son of Thomas of Instow, esq., married Ma- ry, daughter of John Parker, of North-Molton, esq., and had issue Antho- ny, Jerome, Henry, John, Humphrey, Mary, (married to Thomas Chappie, DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 507 of Brockhill in Broadclist : ) Philippa, (married to Nicholas Vavasor of Wal- tham Abbey in Essex ;) Charity, Margaret, (married to John Speccot.) Anthony Copleston, of Pynes, esq., son and heir, married Margaret daugh- ter and heir of Humphrey Larder, of Pynes, esq., and hath issue Thomas, Mary, (married to John Moulton of Upton in Cullompton ;) Margaret, Honor, Ursula, Sarah, and Grace, (married to John Copleston, of Nash in Dorset.) Thomas, son and heir, married Ehzabeth, daughter of Hugh Ack- land, of Ackland in Landkey, esq., and hath issue. Jerome married Mary, daughter and heir of Cole, and hath issue Anthony. Henry married Susan, daughter of John Skinner of Cowley, sans issue. Humphrey married Mary, daughter of John WoUacomb, of Combe in Robo- rough, esq. RISDON, of Bableigh in Parkham. — Arms. — Argent three bolts sable. Crest. — An elephant's head erazed ermine. Richard Risdon, of Okehampton, married Matilda, daughter and heir of Brag, and had issue John ; who married and had issue Giles. Giles Ris- don, of Bableigh, married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Bremelcomb of Exbourn, and had issue Thomas, Ambrose of Buckland, WilHam of Winscot, Philip. Thomas, son and heir, married Wilmot, daughter of GifFard of Halsbury, issue Francis ; who married a daughter of Hill. Ambrose Risdon, of Buckland, married Mellony, daughter of Braddon of Sutcombe, and had issue Philip ; who married Grace, daughter and coheir of Abbot of Hartland. William Risdon, of Winscot in St. Giles, married Joan, daughter of George Pollard of Langley, the relict of Bairy of Winscot, and had issue Tristram, John, and Margaret, married to Eyre of Westdown. Tristram married Pascah, daughter of Thomas Chaff of Exeter, issue Giles, John, William. GARY, of Castle-Cary in Somerset, Hook in Dorset, and Cary and Keg- bear in Okehampton. — Arms. — Gules a chevron between three swans, arg. Crest. — On a wreath a swan proper. Adam Cary, of Castle-Cary, esq., married Ann, daughter of Sir William Trivet, knight, and had issue John ; who married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Stapleton, knight, and had issue William ; who married Alice, daughter to Sir William Beaumond, knight, and had issue John ; who mar- ried Philippa, daughter of Sir Warren Archdeacon, knight, and had issue 508 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Sir William ; who (11th Edward IV., 1471,) married Margaret, daughter to Sir Richard Bozum, of Clovelly, knight, and had issue Sir John ; who married, first Agnes, daughter to Lord Stafford, sans issue ; secondly he married Jane, daughter and coheir of Sir Guy Brian, knight, baron of the parliament 31st Edward III., and had issue Sir John. Sir John Gary, of Castle- Gary, knight, lord chief baron of the Exche- quer in the time of Richard II., married Margaret, daughter and heir to Robert Halway, of Halway, esq. This man for certain causes, debated in the time of Richard II., wherein he spake freely, was in the reign of Henry IV. attainted, his lands and goods forfeited and confiscated, and he banish- ed, and yet had issue Sir Robert. Sir Robert Gary, knight, a wise and valiant gentleman, recovered favour with Prince Henry, son to King Henry IV., by this means : there was a knight of Arragon that came into England as a challenger at all points of arms, which Sir Robert did encounter and vanquish, and was by the king restored to part of his father's lands, and authorized to bear, instead of his own, the knight of Arragon's arms, — argent on a bend sable, three roses of the field. He married, first Ehzabeth, daughter of Sir William Gourtenay, of Powderham, knight, sans issue ; secondly Jane, the daughter of Sir Wil- liam Hankford, of Annery, knight, widow of Wadham, and had issue Sir Philip; who married Ghristian, daughter and heir of Orchard, and had issue Sir William : she was afterwards married to Portman. Sir William Gary, knight, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Pawlet, of Hinton St. George, Somersetshire, knight, and had issue Robert ; secondly he married Ahce, daughter to Sir Baldwin Fulford, of Dunsford, knight, and had issue Thomas Gary of Hunsdon. This Sir WiUiam was slain at Tewkesbury 1471 . Robert Gary, esq., married, first Jane, daughter to Nicholas Garew, knight. Baron of Garew-Castle in Pembrokeshire, and had issue John, and Thomas of Gockington, Devon ; secondly Agnes, daughter to Sir William Hody, of Pillesden, Dorset, lord chief baron of the Exchequer, and had issue William ; thirdly Margaret, daughter and heir to William Fulkeram, (abas Fulkeroy,) of Devon, esq,, the widow of John Herle, esq., and had issue Robert of Glovelly, and Gregory. John Gary, son and heir of Robert by Jane Garew, married Ann, daugh- ter and heir of Edmund Devick, of Kegbear, esq., and had issue Robert, Thomas, John. Thomas, John, sans issue. Robert Gary, of Kegbear, mar- DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 509 ried Honor, daughter to Alexander WoUacombe, of WoUacombe, esq. , and had issue Launcelot, Richard, sine prole. Launcelot married a daughter of Winslade of Cornwall. GARY, of Hunsdon, Baron of Hunsdon. — Arms. — Arg. on abend sable, three roses of the field. Crest. — On a wreath a swan proper. Thomas Cary, of Chilton-Foliot, esq., son to Sir William Gary, knight, by Alice Fulford, his second wife, son and heir of Sir Philip, son and heir of Sir Robert, ut supra, married Margaret, daughter and coheir of Robert Spencer, of Spencer- Combe, knight, (Katharine, the eldest, was married to Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland,) and of Eleanor his wife, one of the sisters and coheirs of Edmund, [Beaufort] Duke of Somerset, (the relict of James Butler, Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire,) his three brothers dying sans issue, and of Eleanor his wife, daughter and coheir of Richard Beachamp, Earl of Warwick ; which Edmund, Duke of Somerset, was son and heir of John, Earl of Somerset and Margaret his wife, daughter and coheir of Tho- mas Holland, Earl of Kent and Duke of Surrey, son and heir of Sir Thomas Holland and Joan his wife, daughter and heir of Thomas of Woodstock, (rather Edmund, sixth son of Edward I.,) and of Margaret his wife, daugh- ter and heir of the Lord Wake, sister and sole heir of Thomas, Lord Wake of Lydel and Bourn. This Thomas Gary had issue WiUiam of Hunsdon, and Sir John of Plashy. William Gary, esquire of the body to Henry VHL, married Mary, daugh- ter and coheir of Sir Thomas Bullen, knight. Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond, and had issue Henry, Baron of Hunsdon, knight of the most noble Order of the Garter, lord chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth and one of the Privy Coun- cil. Henry Cary, Baron of Hunsdon, married Ann, daughter to Thomas Morgan, of Ashtown, esq., and had issue Sir George Gary, knight. Lord of Hunsdon ; John, Sir Henry, Michael, Sir William, Edmund, Sir Robert, Katharine, (married to Charles, Lord Howard, Baron of Effingham and Earl of Nottingham, Lord High Admiral of England ;) Philadelphia (to Sir Edward Hoby.) Sir George Gary, knight. Baron of Hunsdon, married a daughter of Spen- cer, knight, and had issue a daughter and heir named EUzabeth, married to Lord Berkley. Sir John Gary, knight. Baron of Hunsdon, married and had issue Henry. Cary, Baron of Hunsdon, created Viscount Rochford, in Essex, 6th July, 3t 510 DBVONSHIRF, FAMILIES. 1621. Jacob married Judith, daughter of Sir Thomas Pelham, of Lang- ton in Sussex, knight and baronet, issue John, Pelham, George. Sir Robert Gary, seventh son of Henry, Lord Hunsdon, was made Baron of Lepington and Earl of Monmouth 7th February, 1 626. He married a daughter of Cornwall, and hath issue Sir Henry, knight of the Bath at the creation of Prince Charles, 1616. Sir Henry Gary, knight of the Bath and Baron of Lepington, married Martha, eldest daughter of Sir Lionel Gran- field, Baron of Cranfield in Bedfordshire, and Earl of Middlesex, 1622. Sir John Gary, of Plashy, knight, married Mary, daughter to Walsingham. GARY, of Cockington, Devon, esq. — Thomas Gary, of Cockington, esq., son of Robert Gary and Jane his wife, son and heir of Sir William, son and heir of Sir Philip, married Mary, daughter of John Southcot of Bovey-Tracey, esq., clerk of the peace, and had issue Sir George Gary, knight ; Robert, Richard, John, Gregory, Ar- thur, Grace, (married to WiUiam Kirkham, of Feniton, esq.;) Margaret, Joan. Sir George Gary, of Cockington, knight, treasurer, and after lord deputy of Ireland, married, first Wilmot, daughter and heir of John Giffard of Yeo, (she being separated from John Bury of Colleton, esq.,) and had issue Sir George Gary, and a daughter, (married to Sir Richard Edgcomb of Mount- Edgcomb;) secondly he married Lucy, daughter to Robert, Lord Rich, after created Earl of Warwick, sans issue. Sir George married and died sine prole before his father. John, son of Thomas and brother to Sir George married and had issue John, Edward, Thomas, Edward, George, Dudley. George Gary, of Cockington, esq., fifth son of John, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Edward Seymour, of Berry-Pomeroy, bart., and hath issue Henry, Robert, Edward. GARY, of Clovelly, in Devon, esq. Robert Gary, esq., son of Robert, (which he had by his third wife, Mar- garet Fulkeram,) son and heir of Sir William, son and heir of Sir Phihp, married Margaret, daughter of Myllaton, esq., and had issue George, Ro- bert, Gabriel, Thomas, James, Francis, Mary, (married to John Coflin of Portledge, and had issue Richard, John, Mary, Wilmot, Prudence ;) Pru- dence, (married to John Raw, of Staverton, esq., and had issue George ;) Wilmot, (married to Richard Savory, of Stadon, esq., and had issue Robert, John, Margaret.) DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 511 Robert Gary, esq., married, first Christian, daughter and heir of William Strechlegh, of Strechlegh, esq., (the relict of Christopher Chudleigh, of Ashton, esq.,) and had issue William, and Margaret married to WiUiam Bligh, of Cornwall, esq.: secondly he married Elizabeth, daughter of Rich- ard Bampfield, of Poltimore, esq., sans issue : thirdly he married a daughter of Russell and had issue. William Gary, esq., married, first Gertrude, daughter of Richard Carew, of Anthony in Cornwall, esq., (the relict of John Arundell, of Talvern in Cornwall, esq.,) and hath issue Christian and Philip ; secondly he married Dorothy, eldest daughter of Sir Edward Gorge, of Wraxhall in Somerset, knight, and hath issue Robert, George, William. [ Robert was knighted by King Charles II. and died a very aged bachelor. George was doctor of di- vinity, rector of Shobrooke, and dean of Exeter:* he married a daughter of Hancock, of Combmartin, esq., and had issue Sir George Cary, knight; who married a daughter and coheir of Jenkin, of Cornwall, esq., sans issue : secondly he married a daughter and sole heir of Davie, of Canon-Teign, esq., and died sans issue, Robert, who was buried in Shobrooke church Sept. 20th, 1666. WiUiam Cary, esq., that now is, married a daughter of Sir William Windham, of Orchard- Windham, Somerset, bart., sans issue male: secondly he married a daughter of Mansel in Wales, and hath issue Edward Cary, sub-dean of Exeter, who married a daughter of Poyntington, esq., and left issue a daughter : Dr. Cary, dean of Exeter, had two daughters, Dorothy married to Harris of Salisbury, counsellor-at-law ; Judith married May 24th, 1678, to Richard Hele of Fleet-Damerel, who was a divine and rector in Cornwall : William, the third brother, died unmarried.] William Cary, son of Robert Cary by his second wife, daughter of Sir William Hody, of Pillsdon, knight, lord chief baron of the Exchequer, mar- ried Joan, daughter to John Herle, esq., and had issue William, Robert, and Agnes married to John Gough of Woodbury. WiUiam Cary, of Lad- ford, married Jane, daughter of John Gough of Woodbury. Robert mar- ried Christian, daughter to Dennis of Orleigh, esq. Gabriel Cary, son of Robert of CloveUy, married, first Frances, daughter to Theobald Butler of Ireland, who had issue, and lived in Ireland ; se- ♦ Dean Cary died in the rectory house, Shobrooke, Feb. 2nd, 1680 — 1, aged 69, and Tras buried amongst his ancestors in thi church of All-Saints, CloveUy. — G. O., — P. J. 512 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. condly he married Agnes, daughter and heir of Drew of Torrington, widow of Hill, and had issue Christian, married to Wray of London, James Gary, son of Robert of Clovelly, married a daughter of Prouz, and had issue Robert. Francis Gary, son of Robert of Clovelly, married a daughter of John Pyne, of East-Down, esq., and hath issue George, Robert, and Ann, mar- ried to Hugh Prust, of Gorwyn in Hartland, STURE, of Marridge, in Ugborough. — Arms. — Or, a mullet sable. Philip married and had issue John, Richard. John married Ehzabeth, daughter of Sir Robert Dennis, of Holcombe, knight, and had issue Henry, William, Robert, (the two last sans issue,) Tristram, and three daughters ; one married to Captain James Fulford, and another to Mees. Henry mar- ried a daughter of Sir William Cooke of Gloucestershire, and had issue a daughter married to a son of Sir Giles Fleetwood. Tristram, heir to his brother Henry, married a daughter of Sir Richard Hawkins, of Plymouth, knight, and had issue. Richard, the second son of Philip, mai-ried a daughter of Giles and had issue two daughters ; one married to Newton. BLUET, of Holcombe-Rogus, Devon, esq. — Arms. — A chevron vaire between three eaglets displayed of the second memb. gules. Crest. — A squirrel seiant chained or, holding an acorn vert, fruit or. Wilham Bluet, knight, Earl of Sarum, married and had issue, among other, a younger son named Sir Rowland, knight, who married Lucretia, daughter and coheir of Geoffry Ragland, Lord of Ragland, and had issue Sir Edmund, who married Isabel, sister to Humphrey Bawin, knight, and had issue Roger, and Robert, lord bishop of Lincoln in the time of Wilham Rufus. Sir Roger, knight, married Joan, daughter of Lewis de Powis, knight. Lord of Powis, and had issue Thomas. Sir Thomas Bluet, knight, married Edith, sister of Owen Wood, Lord of Penalton, and had issue Sir Ralph, knight ; who married Haws, sister to Ralph de Mounthermer, 1296, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester, and had issue Sir Walter, knight ; who married Christian, daughter and coheir of Simon Greenham, of Greenham in Somerset, knight, and Julyan his wife, daughter and coheir (the other, Margaret, was married to Sir Richard Ches- tledon,) of Jordon de Rogus, and had issue Sir Walter. Sir Walter Bluet, of Holcombe-Rogus, knight, married Ellen, daughter DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 513 of Sir John Mallet, of Enmore, Somerset, knight, and Alice his wife, daugh- ter of Sir John Trivet, knight, and had issue John ; who married Agnes, daughter and heir of John Beaupenny and Jane his wife, daughter and heir of Sir Stephen de la More, knight, and had issue John ; who was sheriff of Devon 23rd Henry VI., and married Maud, daughter and coheir of John Chestledon, son and heir of Richard (Margaret, the other coheir, was mar- ried to Sir William Wadham,) and of Margaret his wife, daughter and heir of Jordan Rogus, son and heir of Sir Henry Fitz Rogus, knight, (Lord of Holcombe 9th Edward H.,) son and heir of Simon and Joan his wife, son and heir of Sir Jordan, knight, (Lord of Holcombe 27th Henry HL,) son and heir of Simon Fitz Rogus, (Lord of Holcombe 1st Henry HL,) son and heir of Rogan, son of Simon; (Lord of Holcombe temp. Henry L;) which Richard was son and heir of Nicholas Chestledon and Joan his wife, daugh- ter and heir of Walter Tantifer, and had issue Walter. Walter Bluet, esq., married Joan, daughter of John St. Maur and Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Thomas Brook, Lord Cobham, and had issue Nicho- las ; who married Joan, daughter of John Fitz James, in Somerset, esq., and had issue Richard, Walter, and Edith married to John Bonvile of Ivy- bridge. Richard Bluet, esq., married Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Gren- vile, knight, and had issue Robert, Francis, Jane, (married to Nicholas Ash- ford, of Ashford, esq.;) Philippa, (married to John Rowe, son and heir to John Rowe, of Kingston, sergeant-at-law.) Sir Roger Bluet, of Holcombe- Rogus, knight, married Jane, daughter of John Rowe, sergeant-at-law, of Kingston, and had issue John, Nicholas, Roger, Katharine, (married to Richard Warr, son and heir of John Warr of Hestercombe, Somerset, esq.;) Elizabeth, married to Henry Beamont, son and heir of Henry, son and heir of Humphrey Beamont, of Gittisham, esq. John Bluet, of Greenham, Somersetshire, esq., married Dorothy, daugh- ter of William Blunt, Lord Mountjoy, and Dorothy, his third wife, daughter of Thomas Gray, Marquis Dorset, and had issue Richard, John, Dorothy. Richard Bluet, of Holcombe- Rogus, married a daughter of Sir John Chich- ester, of Raleigh, knight, and had issue Arthur, (Roger was slain in the wars against the Turks, and Walter was slain in Ireland ; both sans issue :) Fran- cis, Gertrude, (married to Thomas Gawen, of Hurdcott in Wiltshire ;) Mary, (married to Henry Ashford, of Ashford, esq.;) Ann unmarried, Jane, (wife to Henry Whyte, son of Whyte of Piddleford in Dorset. Arthui- Bluet, of 514 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Holcombe-Rogus, esq., married Joan, daughter and heir of John Lancaster, of Bagborough in Somerset, esq., and had issue John, Francis, Mary, (wife to Allen Mallet, son and heir of Gawen Mallet of Preston in Milverton ;) Amy, Ann, Dorothy. John, son and heir, married a daughter of Sir John Portman, of Orchard in Somerset, knight and baronet. STRECHLEGH, of Strechlegh in the parish of Ermington, Devon, esq. — Arms. — Or on a chevron azure, three cinquefoils of the field. Robert Strechlegh married Joan, daughter to John Prideaux, of Adeston, esq., son and heir of John Prideaux and Joan his wife, sister and heir to John Bromford, son and heir to Nicholas, in the parish of Jacobstow, esq., and had issue John, William. John married Eleanor, daughter of Walter Rey- nel, of Malston, esq., and had issue John, William. John married Ann, daughter to William Chichester, of Ralegh, esq., and had issue Francis, Amy, (married to Nicholas Speccot of Speccot, esq.;) Jane, (married to Christo- pher Thorn, of Thorn in Sheepwash, esq.) Francis married Ahce, daugh- ter of Richard Stroud, of Plympton, esq., and had William, Edward, Anne. William married Ann, sister and coheir of John Gold, son and heir of Tho- mas Gold, of Seaborough in Somerset, esq., and had issue Christian, mar- ried to Christopher Chudleigh, of Ashton, knight, and had by him Strech- legh and John ; secondly she was married to George Cary, of Clovelly, esq,, and by him had William, and Margaret married to William Bligh, of Corn- wall, esq. CALWODELEY, of Calwodeley (alias Calverly,) in Devon. — Arms. — A pair of wings in lure on a bar gules, three bezants. John Calwodeley, esq., married a daughter of John de Floyer, esq., issue Thomas ; who married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Hatch, of Wollegh, esq., issue Thomas, Oliver, John, Humphrey, and Elizabeth married to John Beaumont. Thomas married Agnes, daughter of Ottis Collyn of Heyland, Cornwall, and had issue Humphrey, and Joan married to Roger Arundell of Cornwall. Humphrey, fourth son of Thomas, married and had issue John. HERLE (sometime of West-Herle of Northumberland,) had a son that came into Cornwall and became known unto a knight there of his own name, who, dying without issue, made him his heir. — Arms. — Gules a fess or, between three sea-mews, argent. John Herle, of West-Herle of Northumberland, mamed and had issue BKVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 515 Thomas ; who married and had issue John ; who married Maud and had is- sue Thomas ; who married Jane and had issue John ; who married Marga- ret, daughter and heir to Wilham Fulkram, (ahas Fulkrey,) of Dartmouth, esq., and had issue Nicholas : she was afterwards married to Robert Gary, esq. Nicholas married Ehzabeth, daughter and coheir of Nicholas Carmi- now, esq. DONNE, of Donne-Ralph, in Exmouth, Devon. — Arms. — Argent three bars gem. azure, a chevron engrailed gules. Ralph Donne, of Donne-Ralph, from whence it took its name, lived there in the time of Henry II., had issue Ralph ; who had issue Ralph. Sir Ralph Donne Hved 27th Henry III. and had issue Ralph; who married Isa- bel, daughter and coheir of Sir GeofFry la Bruer, Lord of Teign-Bruer, is- sue Ralph ; who had issue Ralph and Pascas. Ralph conveyed all the es- tate of his land to his brother, of whom he received maintenance during his life. Pascas married and had issue divers daughters and coheirs : one of them was married to Holcomb : which name held this land until Gilbert Holcomb sold it unto Mallock. CULME, of Chamston in MoUand, and of Canons- Leigh in the parish of Burlescombe, in Devon, esq. — Arms. — A chevron ermine between three pelicans vulu. their breasls or. Crest. — On a wreath a lion leaning to a pillar, argent. John Culme, of Winkleigh, esq., sergeant-at-law, married and had issue John ; who married and had issue Hugh. Hugh Culme, of Chamston, mar- ried Alice, daughter of William Tracy, of Gloucester, esq., and had issue John and Anthony. John married Alice, daughter and heir of John Wal- ter, of Combe and CoUacot, (she was secondly married to Thomas Westcot of Raddon,) and of Alice his wife, daughter and heir of John CoUacot of CoUacot, in the parish of Winkleigh, and had issue Hugh, Anthony, Katha- rine married, first to Wilson ; secondly to Henry Wills ; thirdly to Came, Hugh Culme, of Chamston, esq., married Agnes, daughter of Wilham Frj', of Membury, esq., and had issue Hugh, Nicholas, John sans issue, Robert, William, Julyan, (married to Anthony Barret of Exeter ;) Agnes, (married to Richard Willoughby, of Payhembury, esq.;) Katharine, (to Arthur Upton, of Luckton in the parish of Brixham, sine prole.) Hugh Culme, of Cham- ston and Canons-Leigh, esq., married Mary, daughter of Richard Fortescue, of Filleigh, esq., and had issue Richard, Sir Hugh, (knight,) Philip, Geoffry, 516 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. (who died sans issue in the Irish wars,) Jonas sans issue, Lewis, Benjamin a bachelor of divinity, and Mary unmarried. Richard Culme, of Canons-Leigh, esq., married a daughter of PhiHp Courtenay, of Holland, esq., and hath issue Hugh, Arthur, Jane, (married to John Chause of Court in Membury ;) Ehzabeth, Ann, Dorothy, Maiy, Susan. Hugh married a daughter of Henry Ashford, of Ashford, esq., 1628. Anthony, son of John, married, first Dorothy, daughter of Philip Cour- tenay, of Holland, esq., and had issue John who died sans issue, Ann, (mar- ried to Shepherd of Kingston ;) , (married to Lennyng, merchant ;) ; (to John Bury of Tiverton :) secondly he married and had issue An- thony, Arthur, Hary, (married to Harwood ;) Prudence, (to Rosseter, of Somerset, gent. Nicholas Culme of liondon, son of Hugh, married a daughter of Hulston of London, and had issue Anne, first married to Gabriel Newman, of Lon- don, goldsmith, and had issue Gabriel, Guy, Robert, Nicholas ; secondly she married Sir John Dodderidge, knight, second justice of the King's Bench. Hary married to Anthony Withers, of London, and hath issue. Robert Culme of London, son of Hugh, married and hath issue. William Culme, master of arts and parson of Georgeham, married Ann, daughter of Bryant of Oxfordshire, and hath issue John sans issue, Nicho- las, WiUiam, Richard, Robert, Ann, (married to Anthony Arundell of Bi- deford ;) Hary, Elizabeth. CRUWYS, of Cruwys-Horchard in Devon, esq. — Arms. — Azure a bend per bend indented, argent and gules between six escalops, or. John Cruwys, esq., married, first Ehzabeth, daughter of Thomas Whyteley, and had issue John, Robert, Hatthew ; secondly he married Hary, daugh- ter of John Francis, of Combe-Flory in Somersetshire, esq., and had issue William, Francis, Edward, Anthony, and Ehzabeth married to John Ack- land, of Ackland in Landkey, esq. John Cruwys, esq., married Alice, daughter of Wilham Ashford, of Ash- ford in the parish of Burlescombe, esq., and had issue Thomas who died sans issue, and John ; who married Ann, daughter of Humphrey Keyns of Winkleigh, and had issue Humphrey, Thomas, Arthur, Robert, James, John, Eleanor, (married to Robert Southcombe of Harley ;) Hary, (to Henry Southern ;) Ann, (to Ellys ;) Jane unmarried. Humphrey Cruwys, esq., married Dorothy, daughter of Lewis Hatch, of DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 5l7 AUer in South-Molton, esq., and hath issue, Lewis, John died sine prole, Humphrey, Robert, Jane, (married to Bennet of Cornwall;) Cecil, (married to Humphrey Broughton, second son of Hugh Broughton, of Warpsleigh in Stoodleigh ;) Elizabeth, (to John Heartel of Delbridge.) Lewis married Sarah, daughter of Trefry of Cornwall, and hath issue Alexander, Matthew, Henry, Bridget, (married to Francis Colman of Tiverton;) and Mary. DE AUBERNON, of Daubernon, Drewsteignton. — Arms. — Azure a chevron and three escalops in chief, barways or. Eugenius D'Aubernon held the same in the time of Henry HL, being descended fron Drogo de Teign, sometime lord thereof. He had issue John ; who held it 24th Eward I., issue John ; who held it in the time of Edward HL, issue John; who held it 9th Henry V. HULL, of Larkbear in St. Leonard's, Devon, esq. — Arms. — Sable, a chevron between three dogs' heads erazed, argent. Henry Hull, esq., married Margery, daughter and heir of , of the city of Exeter, and hath issue John ; who married, first Elizabeth, and had issue Henry ; secondly Joan, daughter to Richard St. Cleer, of Ashburton, esq., and had issue John, and Eleanor married to Thomas Buller, ( Butler saith Holland,) of the city of Exeter. Henry son and heir, married Chris- tian, daughter of Sir William Pawlet, of Hinton St. George, Somerset, knight, and died sans issue. John Hull, a younger son and heir, married Joan, daughter of Nicholas Trickhay, and had issue John, William. John married Joan, daughter of Walter French, of Ottery St. Mary, and died sine prole. William married, first Maud, daughter and heir of Coclyn of Cornwall, and had issue John, Matthew, and Katharine married to Thomas Pomfret of Exeter ; secondly Ursula, daughter to Larder, and had issue Henry, who was mayor of the city of Exeter 1588. Matthew married Joan, daughter to Thomas Yard, of Newton-Bushel, esq., and had issue Thomas sans issue, George, Margaret, Ann, and Alice. George married Margaret, daughter of Walter Ralegh, of Fardel, esq., the rehct of Lawrence Radford, of Radford, esq., prothonotary of the Common Pleas. FRANKCHEYNEY, of Clist-Gerard.— Arms.— Ermine on a chief gules, three lions saltier argent. Henry Frankcheyney, Lord of Knighton in the time of Henry 111., had is- sue Walter; who had issue Henry; who lived 24th Edward L and married Claricia, (who with Margery Polkennor, the mother of John Vautort and 3u 51 S DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Johanna Filmer, were the daughters and coheirs of Sir William de Clyst- Gerard 27th Henry HI., son and heir of Sir Wilham de Clyst, son and heir of Sir Gerard de Clyst in the time of Henry II.: at last, by exchange or otherwise, the major part of Clyst- Gerard came to Frankcheyney ;) and had issue John ; who, 8th Edward II., had issue Simon; who, 4th Edward III., had issue John ; who had issue Richard and Thomas. Richard married Christian, daughter and heir of John Belet, the reUct of John Drake, issue Christopher ; who had issue Richard ; who had issue Simon ; who bad is- sue John ; who bad issue Ehzabeth, married to John Strode of Somerset, and sold this land to Elyot, who sold it to Dennis. BOWERMAN, of Hemyock, Devon. — Arms. — Ermine on abend cotiz- ed sable, three boars' heads couped or. John Bowerman married Joan, daughter of Kirkham, and had issue James ; who married Sabel, daughter of Wilham Carbonel of Taunton, Somerset, and had issue Andrew, Lawrence, WiUiam, Henry, Christopher, Hugh, Si- mon, Joan, (married to Simon Welling;) Alice, (to Peter Ley;) Cecily, (to John Ley;) Melony, (to Robert Webber.) Lawrence married Katharine of Cardwell, a Spaniard's daughter. CHEYNEY, of Pinhoe, Devon. — Arms. — Gules on five fusils, argent, five escalops, sable. Sir William Cheyney, (sheriff of Devon 11th Henry IV.,) married Cecily^ sister and coheir of Thomas, daughter and coheir of John Strech of Pinhoe and Maud his wife, daughter and heir of Sir John Molton, of Pinhoe, knight, son and heir of Sir Thomas Molton, knight, lord of Pinhoe, and of Margery his wife, daughter and coheir of Sir WiUiam and sister and coheir to the other Sir William Herward, knight, and had issue John ; (the other coheir of John Strech, Elizabeth, was married to Thomas Beauchamp, of Lillesdon in Somerset ;) which Cecily was first married to Thomas Bonvile. John Strech was possessed hereof 14th Richard II., and had issue. John Cheyney, (sheriff of Devon 12th Henry VI.,) married Elizabeth, daughter of John Hill of Spaxton, issue John, Elizabeth, (married to Ed- ward Stowel of Cothelston in Somerset ;) Cecil, (married to Sir William Courtenay, of Powderham, knight ;) Joan, (to John Strode, of Pamham in Dorset.) John (sheriff of Devon 32nd Henry VI., and 1st, 2nd, and 12th Edward IV.,) married Margaret, daughter of Nicholas Kirkham of Blackdon, and had issue Anne, (married to Hussey;) Ehzabeth, (to DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 519 William Clopton ;) Isabel, (to Edward Walgrave ;) Helen, (wife of George Babington.) After the death of the Lady Genevefa Say the whole of the inheritance of HiU of Spaxton fell also to them. COLE, of Slade in Martinhoe, and of Buckland, Devon, esq. — Arms — Argent, a bull within a bordure, sable bezanty. Crest. — A demi flying serpent, sezant, holding a broad arrow. Simon Cole, of Slade, married Alice, daughter and coheir of Lyver (or Lure,) of Devon, and had issue John, and Joan married to WiUiam Hele of Devon. John married Thomasin, daughter and heir to Walcot of Devon, and had issue Thomas ; who married Joan, daughter and heir to John Hill of Buckland, and had issue William, Richard, Robert, Thomasin, (first mar- ried to Roger Greenfield, of Stow in Cornwall, esq., and had issue Richard; secondly she was married to Thomas Arundell, of Clyston in Cornwall, esq., and had issue Jane, married to Hugh Hill of Heath, secondly to Robert Dow- rish, of Heath-Barton in Whiteston, esq.;) and Margaret, (first married to Thomas Southcot of Southcot, secondly to John Fursland of Bickington.) Richard Cole of Buckland-Toussaints, second son to Thomas, married Alice, daughter of John Greenfield, of Exeter, esq., and had issue John ; who married Elizabeth, daughter of Philip Champernon, of Modbury, esq., and had issue Philip ; who married Jane, daughter of Thomas Williams, of Stowford, esq., and had issue Richard. Richard Cole, of Slade, and Bucks near Clovelly, married a daughter of Boscawen of Cornwall, and had no is- sue ; she afterwards married Sir Cooke. UPTON, of Puslinch in Newton-Ferrers, Devon, and Trelaske in Cornwall. Arms. — Sable a cross sarcely, argent. Thomas Upton, of Trelaske, esq., married Joan, daughter of Sir John Trelawny, knight, and had issue John, WUham, John, Joan, (married to Richard Ryk ;) EUzabeth, (married to John Becket.) John (third son) mar- ried Ehzabeth, daughter and heir of William Mohun, of Puslinch, esq., and of Margaret his wife, daughter and heir of Robert Blerick and Joan his wife, daughter and heir of John Fleming of Menely in Cornwall, issue John; who married Elizabeth, daughter of John Burley of Chanacombe, and had issue John, Nicholas, William, Joan, (married to Thomas Row ;) Elizabeth, (to Nicholas Dillon, issue Nicholas;) Agnes, (to Richard Upton, issue Grace, Mary, Ann.) 520 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. John Upton, of Puslinch, married Elizabeth, daughter to Patrick Bellew, and died sans issue. Nicholas, second son, and heir to his brother, married Eigborough, daughter of Troyse of Hampshire, and died sans issue. Wil- liam, third son, and heir to his brother Nicholas, married Mary, daughter of Thomas Kirkham, of Blackdon, esq., and hath issue George, John, and Elizabeth married to Lord Cromwell. George married Margaret, daughter of Henry DiUon, sans issue ; secondly he married Philippa, daughter of John Wrey, of Trebigh in Cornwall, esq., and had issue. John, second son, married a daughter of Elford of Devon. John Upton, of Puslinch, and of Lupton, Brixham, esq., a second brother, married Agnes, sister and heir of John Pennels, son and heir of Nicholas Pennels of Lupton, and had issue WiUiam, and Joan married to Wilham Hill, of Shilston in the parish of Modbury, esq. WiUiam Upton, of Upton, married Jane, daughter to John Powne of Derbyshire, and had issue John, Thomas, and Joan married to John Farwel of Brixham. John Upton, of Lupton, esq., married Joan, daughter to Si- mon Ralegh, of Fardel, esq., and had issue John, William, Nicholas, Mar- shall, (married to Richard Sparke of Plympton;) Joan, (married to WilUam Sparke of Dartmouth.) John Upton, esq., married Ann, vridow to Thomas Allen, of Glastonbury, Somerset, and had issue Arthur, and Ehzabeth married to Christopher Hody of Netheway, esq. Arthur Upton, esq,, married Gertrude, daughter to Hugh Fortescue, of FiDeigh, esq., and hath issue John, Henry, Hugh, Arthur, Anne, Ehzabeth, (wife to John Hele, of Stert in Diptford, Devon ;) and Gertrude : secondly he married Katharine, daughter of Hugh Culm, of Chamston, esq., sans issue. John Upton, esq., married Dorothy, daugh- ter of Sir Anthony Rouse, of Halton in Cornwall, knight, and hath issue Arthur, John, Anthony. TOTHIL, of the city of Exeter, and of Peamore in the parish of Exmins- ter, esq. Arms. — Azure on a bend argent, cotized or, a lion passant sable. Chest. — On a hill vert a dove proper bearing an olive branch vert with fruit or. Wilham Tothil, alderman of the city of Exeter, married Ehzabeth, daugh- ter to Geoffiy Matthew, son of Wilham, son and heir of John Matthew, of Wales, esq., had issue Geoffry, John, Richard, Robert, Joan, (married to John Halse, of Efford, esq.;) Grace, (to James Walker of Exeter, after to DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 521 Thomas Bruerton of Exeter;) Joan, (to Richard Hockley;) Alice, (to Wil- liam Parsons, merchant ;) Julyan, (to Richard Burneby, esq.;) Amy, (to Sled ;) Elizabeth, (to Thomas Stukeley of Ireland ;) and Katharine, (first to WilHam Kingsley; secondly to Nicholas Drake of London, pensioner to King James I., fifth son of Robert Drake, of Wiscombe, esq.) Geoffry Tothil, of Peamore, recorder of the city of Exeter, married Joan, daughter of Henry Dillon, of Chymwell, esq., and had issue Henry, Robert, and Aris ; the two last sine prole. Henry Tothil, esq., (sheriff of Devon 1623 et 1624,) married Mary, daughter and heir to Nicholas Spark of Dunsford, and hath issue Joan, (married to Robert Norleigh of Matford in Exminster ;) Mary, (to William Tothil, son of William, son of John, son of William of Exeter.) John Tothil (second son of William,) married and had issue WiUiam, Halse, Thomas, and Ehzabeth sans issue. WiUiam married Grace, daugh- ter and coheir of Henry Tothil, of Peamore, esq., and hath issue Hemy; secondly he married a daughter of Sir George Southcot, of Shillingford, knight, fourth son of Thomas Southcot of Shillingford. WILLIAMS, of Stovpford in the county of Devon, esq. — Arms. — Per fess argent and gules, a fess verry argent and gules between three curlews' heads erazed, counterchanged collars transmuted. Adam Wilhams, of Stowford, married Alice, daughter of Thomas Pri- deaux, of Ashburton, esq., and had issue Thomas, and Katharine married to John Belfield of Paignton, and had issue John and others. Thomas Wil- liams, esq., (speaker of the parliament, 1560, and feodatory to Queen Eli- zabeth, of Devon and Exon,) married Emma,_ daughter and coheir of Wil- liam Cruwys of Chulmleigh, esq., and of Margaret his wife, sister to An- thony Pollard, of Horewood, esq., and had issue John, Thomas, Joan, (mar- ried to Philip Cole of Slade, esq.;) Anne, Elizabeth, (one of them married to John Cotwarth of Cornwall ; secondly to BuUer, of Tregarrick in Corn- wall, esq.;) and Thomasin. John married Joan, daughter of Richard Drew of Hayne, in Newton St. Cyres, esq., and had issue. POWELL, of Fowelscombe in the parish of Ugborough, Devon, knight. Arms. — Argent a chevron sable on a chief gules, three mullets of the first. WiUiam FoweU, esq., married Eleanor, daughter to Walter Reynel, of Malston, esq., and had issue Richard, John, Katharine, (married to Thomas Copleston, of Bowdon in Yealmton ;) Margaret, (to John Holbeam, esq.) Richard married Blanch, and had issue Thomas, and Joan married to PhUip 522 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Courtenay of Loughter, in Plympton St. Mary ; secondly to Humphrey Prideaux of Thewborough : secondly he married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Edgcombe, esq. Thomas Fowell, esq., married Mary, daughter to Richard Halse, of Ke- nedon, esq., and had issue Richard, John, Joan, (married to John Mory;) Sibel, (to John Hill of Fleet-Damarel ;) Margaret, (to John Williams, alias Cholwill :) secondly Thomas married Maud, daughter of Bevil of Cornwall, and had issue Thomas, Robert, (who married Joan, daughter of William Perry, of Water in Manaton, Devon ;) and William : thirdly he married Jane, daughter of Nicholas Dillon, sans issue. Richard FoweU married Grace, daughter to John Somaster, of Painsford, esq., and had issue Arthur, Edmund, William, and John. Arthur married Mary, daughter of Richard Reynel, of East-Ogwel, esq., and had issue Richard, Arthur, (both sans issue,) Sir Edmund, EUzabeth, (married to Sir Edward Harris, of Cornworthy, knight ;) Grace, (married first to Richard Barret, of Tregarthen in Cornwall, esq., issue Mary and Grace, heirs ; se- condly to Sir Richard Carnsew, of Carnsew in Cornwall, knight.) Sir Ed- mund Fowel, knight, married Margaret, daughter of Sir Anthony Pawlet, of Hinton St. George in Somersetshire, knight, and sister to the Lord Paw- let, and had issue [Sir John, Edmund, and three daughters, one married to Cabel of Brook, another to Savory of ShUston, the other to Hart of Yearna- combe. Sir John Fowell, hart., married a daughter of Sir John Chichester, of Hall, knight, and had issue Sir John, (who died unmarried, aged about twenty six, and left his two sisters his heirs,) EUzabeth, (married to Ed- mund Parker, of Boringdon, esq., and hath issue Edmund, and Margaret married to Arthur Champemon, of Dartmgton, esq., and hath issue several sons and one daughter.) Edmund Fowell, second son of Sir Edmund, mar- ried a daughter of Sir Farwell, of Somerset, knight, and left issue a daughter married to Wood, of Somerset, esq.] Edmund Fowell, second son of Richard, died sans issue. William, third son of Richard, married, first Honor, daughter of Ford, of Ford-Mill in Blackawton, sans issue ; secondly a daughter of Achyra, of Pelint in Cornwall, the rehct of Guimets, issue one son, and a daughter married to Christopher Wood of North-Tawton. , son and heir of William, married a daughter of Sir Francis Glanvil, knight. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 523 John, fourth son of Richard, married a daughter of Crocker of Lvnham, issue Edmund, Richard, Thomas. KIRKHAM, of Blackdon, Pinhoe, and Feniton, knight. — Arms. — Argent three lions sable, gules within a bordure engrailed sable. Crest. — On a torse argent and gules a leopard's head erazed argent. Nicholas Kirkham, of Blackdon, esq., married Joan, daughter and heir of John Wrey, of Marsh in Newton St. Cyres, esq., and had issue Sir John, Nicholas, Thomas, and Margaret married tirst to John Cheyney, of Pinhoe, esq.; secondly to WiUiam Bampfield, of Poltimore, esq.; thirdly to Grenvile, of Stow in Cornwall, esq. Sir John Kirkham, (sheriff of Devon 14th Henry VIII.,) married a daughter of More of Morehays, sans issue ; secondly a daughter of Sir Thomas Fulford, of Fulford, knight, sine prole; thirdly Lucy, daughter of Sir Thomas Tremayl, knight, and had issue Thomas, Richard, John, and Ehzabeth ; fourthly he married Jane, daughter and coheir of William Mal- herb, of Feniton, esq., the relict of Richard Ferrers of Feniton, sans issue. Thomas Kirkham, of Blackawton, esq., married Margaret, daughter and heir of Richard Ferrers, of Feniton, esq., and of Jane his wife, daughter and heir of William Malherb of Feniton, and had issue George, James, Andrew, and Mary, married to WiUiam Upton, of Pushnch, esq.; secondly he mar- ried the only daughter of William and sister and heir of George and Philip Carew, of Mohun's Ottery, knights, that died sine prole, and by her had issue Henry, William, Richard, Edward, George, and Thomasin married to Tho- mas Southcot, of Bovey-Tracy, esq. George Kirkham, esq., married Mar- garet, daughter to Sir Thomas Dennis of Holcombe Burnel, knight, and had issue Elizabeth, a dwarf, sine prole. Richard Kirkham of Pinhoe, se- cond son to Sir John, married Agnes, daughter of John Cape of Somer- set, and had issue Richard, sans issue ; Sir WilHam, knight ; George, sans issue ; Giles; Katharine. Sir William Kirkham, of Blackdon and Pinhoe, knight, married Mary, daughter of Tichborn, Hants, and had issue Richard, Francis, and seven oth- ers, and Ehzabeth, (married to Alexander Brett, son and heir of Alexander Brett, of Somersetshire, knight ;) and Mary, (married to Richard Berry, of Berry-nerber, esq.) Richard Kirkham, son and heir of Sir Wilham, mar- ried . James Kirkham, brother of George, and second son of Thomas, had issue Margaret, married to Westover, in Colyton, and had issue. 524 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Giles Kirkham, third son of Richard, had issue Thomas and Anthony. Thomas Kirkham, son and heir to Giles, married Agnes, daughter and coheir of Edward Roope, of Bidwell in Newton St. Cyres, and hath issue. Francis Kirkham, second son of Sir William, married Ehzabeth, daugh- ter and coheir of Edward Roope, of Bidwell, and hath issue. EDMONDS, of Sahsbury in Wiltshire, and Plymouth. — Arms. — Or a chevron azure, on a canton sable a boar's head couped or. Henry Edmonds, of New Sarum, Wiltshire, married Julyan, daughter of William Brandon of Sahsbury, and had issue Lawrence, Henry, Thomas, Jane, (married to Thomas Codamore ;) OlyfF, (to Alexander Good ;) Joan, to Vanner. Thomas Edmonds of Plymouth, (customer there, and of Fowey in Corn- wall, 1562,) second son of Henry, married Joan, daughter of Anthony De- labere, of Sherborne in Dorset, esq., had issue Silvester, WilUam, John, Ar- thur, and Sir Thomas Edmonds, knight, principal secretary 1619, who married and hath issue Sir Henry Edmonds, knight of the Bath. SLADER, of Barondown in Kent, and of Bath in the parish of North- Tawton, Devon, gent. — Arms. — Gules a chevron ermine between three horses' heads erazed, argent. John Slader, of Barondown, married Margery, daughter of John Church of Kent, and had issue Mark, John, Alice, Ellen, and Margery. Mark Sla- der, of Bath in the parish of North-Tawton, esq., married, first Margery, daughter and heir of James Samford, of North-Tawton, esq., and had issue Ann who died young ; secondly Katharine, daughter of Alexander Wood, of the same parish, esq., and had issue Christopher who died sans issue, Mark, Margaret, (married to John Pry of Horwel, in Colebrook, esq.;) Mar- tha, and Judith, (married to Richard Cover, tailor in Exeter.) Mark Slader, second son and heir, married a daughter of a musician in London, and had issue a daughter married to Brooking sometime of New- ton St. Cyres. YERWORTH, of Ipplepen in Devon, gent.— Arms — Arg. three harts' heads couped sable, collared or. Crest. — A hand argent holding a snake vert. John Yerworth, of Monmouthshire, esq., married Ehzabeth, daughter of John King, of Ashwell in Somerset, and had issue Roger, WiUiam, Joseph, Hugh, and Thomas. Hugh married Margaret, daughter of John Rydway (ahas Peacock,) of Abbots-Kerswell. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 525 HOPER, of Blackmore, in Harberton parish, and Brookland, Devon, gent. — Arms. — Girony of eight, ermine and or, a castle tripple-towered, sable. Crest. — On a torse or and sable a demi wolf rampant couped, ermine jessant, a pine-branch vert, fruit or. Tristram Hoper, of Blackmore, married, first Agnes, and had issue Rich- ard ; secondly Elizabeth, daughter of Bustard, of Oxfordshire, issue James. Richard Hoper, of Blackmore and Brookland, married Agnes, daughter and coheir of John Chudlegh of Thorncombe. PASSEMORE, of Passemere-Haysin Tiverton, and Sutton or Swetton, in Halberton, Devon, gent. Arms. — Or a bar between three escutcheons gules, on each escutcheon a bend verry, argent and azure between three cinquefoils of the field, abordure azure bezanty. Crest. — A demi leopard azure. John Passemore married Cecily, daughter and heir of Seman, of Swelton (she was secondly married unto Richard Bidwell, of Gatton in Shobrooke,) and had issue Dennis, Tbomas, Peter, James, George, Grace, (married to Thomas Westcot of Woodbury ;) Fortune married . Dennis married Cecily, daughter of Edward Ford, of Fordsmore in the parish of Plymtree, and had issue Edward, John, both sans issue, Ann un- married, Ahce, (married to George, second son of Sir John Moore, of Moor- Hays in Cullompton;) Joan, (married to John Cheeke of Exon.) James Passemore married and had issue John ; who had issue Peter, who hveth near London. George Passemore, of Halberton and Exon, (fifth son of John, of Passe- mere-Hays and Swetton,) married Joan, daughter of Richard Garland, of Whytfield in Marwood, and had issue John, George, Justinian sans issue John married . George (of Exeter,) married . THORN, of Thorn in Holsworthy ; now of Sheepwash. — Arms. — Arg. a bar gules between three lions rampant, sable. Christopher Thorn, married Jane, daughter of Wilham Strechlegh, of Strechlegh, esq., and had issue Edward ; who married Agnes, daughter to Sir John Chamond, of liauncels in Cornwall, knight, and had issue Hum- phrey, Digory, Jane, and Philippa. Humphrey married Jane, daughter to Bartholomew Fortescue, of Filleigh, esq., and had issue Bartholomew, (Lew- is, Humphrey, John, sans issue,) and Thomas, (married and hath twenty- four children;) Arthur sans issue, Henry unmarried, Katharine, (married to 3x 520 DKVONSHIRB FAMILIES. Giles Kingston of Musbury.) Digorv Thorn, of Buckland-Filleigh, (second son of Edward,) married Ann, daughter to WiUiam Porter, of Thetford in Norfolk and hath issue Joseph, Digory, Ann, (married to Sadler of Nor- folk ;) Bridget, and Margaret. Bartholomew Thorn, of Sheepwash, son and heir, married Susan, daugh- ter of Henry RoUe, of Heanton, esq., and had issue Margaret, (married to Christopher Wood, of North- Tawton, esq., sans issue;) Elizabeth, (mar- ried to "William Holland, of Wear, esq.;) Zenobia, (to Leonard Lovis of Sheepwash, and hath issue a daughter :) secondly he married Mary, daugh- ter of Christopher Hillersdon, of Membland, esq., issue Ellen, Jane. TUCKER, (alias TOOKER,) of the city of Exeter, gent.— Arms. — Azure barry wavy argent, on a chevron embattled counter-battled or betvpeen three sea-horses, uaiant, argent maned and finned gules, five goutes sable. Robert Tucker, alderman of Exeter and mayor 1543, married Joan, daugh- ter of John Palmer of Thorverton, and had issue WiUiam, Hugh, Grace, (married to John Borrough of Cullompton, and by him had issue Henry;) Martha, (married to John Vowel, alias Hooker, chamberlain of the city of Exeter, and had issue Robert.) William Tucker married Honor, daughter to James Erisey, of Erisey in Cornwall, esq., and had issue Robert, John Baptist, WiUiam, John, Tho- mas, Florence. VOWEL, (alias HOOKER,) of Exeter.— Arms.— Or, a bar vairy, arg. and sable, between two lions passant gardant sable. John Vowel married Alice, widow of John Coyle of Topsham, and had issue Thomasin, married to John Chaldon of Moreton ; secondly he married Alice, daughter and heir of Richard Drewel, of Exeter, esq., and of Joan his wife, daughter and heir of John Kelly, esq.; and Julyan his wife, daugh- ter and coheir of Robert WHford of Oxton, esq., issue Christopher sans is- sue, Robert, and Jacobine. Robert married, first Alice, daughter of John Coyle of Topsham, sans issue ; secondly Alice, daughter of Richard Duke of Exeter, and had issue Richard, Ahce, Lawrence, all died sans issue; thirdly Agnes, daughter of John Doble, of Woodbridge in Sufiblk, issue Anthony sans issue, John, Roger, SydweU, (married to John Monk of Ottery St, Mary;) Ann, (to David Windeat of Exeter;) Mary, (to John RusseU, of Grantham in Lincoln.) John Hooker, chamberlain of Exeter, married, first DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 527 Martha, daughter of Robert Tooker of Exeter, and had issue Robert ; who married Katharine, daughter of Snedall; he married secondly Anstice, daughter of Edmund Bridgman of Exeter, by whom he had a numerous offspring. FORDE, of Chagford, Ashburton, and Ilsington, Devon, esq. — Arms. — Party per fess argent and sable in chief a greyhound currant, in base an owl within a bordure engrailed, all counterchanged. John Ford, of Chagford, married Anastatia, daughter and heir of John Hill of Chagford, and Margaret his wife, daughter and heir of GeofFry Young- ling, son and heir of John, son and heir of William, son and heir of GeoiFry Youngling of Chagford, and had issue John ; who married Eleanor, daugh- ter of John Hole of South-Tawton, and had issue William ; who married Cecily, daughter of Stephen Smith of Chagford, and had issue John. John Ford of Ashburton, esq., married Jane, daughter and heir of William Hal- wel (alias Halgawell) of Devon, and had issue Joan, married to John Saint- cleer, son and heir of Gilbert Saintcleer, of Budleigh, esq.; secondly he married Joan, daughter of John Somaster, of Painsford, esq. sans issue ; thirdly he married Joan, daughter of William Walrond, of Bovey, esq., and widow of Gregory Huckmore, of Buckyet, esq., and had issue George, and Margaret married to John RoUe, of Stevenston, esq.; fourthly he married Joan, daughter of John Trobridge, of Devon, esq., the rehct of Gilbert Saintcleer, esq., and had issue John. Geoi-ge Ford, of Ilsington, esq., married Joan, daughter to Gilbert Saintcleer, of Budleigh, esq., and had issue Thomas, Christopher, Richard, Mary, Susan, Judith, and Marga- ret. Thomas Ford, of Ilsington, son and heir, married a daughter of Alex- ander Popham, of Hunsworth in Somerset, and sister to Sir John Popham, knight, lord chief justice, and had issue Richard, John, Thomas. Richard married Katharine, daughter and heir to George Drake, of Spratshays in the parish of Littleham, esq., and had issue [Sir Henry Ford, of Nutwel, knight, principal secretary of state to King Charles II. in the kingdom of Ireland, and of his privy council there, issue Ehzabeth unmarried, married to Arthur.] Sir Henry Ford, of Nutwel and Ilsington, knight, married a daughter of Sir Henry Row, of London, knight, issue Henry, Row-Ford, Charles, Sarah, (married to John Eggerton, rector of Lympston ;) Elizabeth, (married to Holwel, counsellor-at-law ;) Katharine, (married to John Drake of Bystock. 528 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Henry Row-Ford, of Ilsington, esq., married a daughter of Dormer, in Ox- fordshire, esq., and had issue Henry died sans issue, and Katharine mar- ried to John Cloberry of Braston, and had issue Sir John Cloberry, knight. FORD, of Fordmoor in the parish of Phmtree, Devon, gent. Richard at Fordmoor 8th Edward II., John 16th Edward II., Nicholas 19th Edward II., John Martin at Fordmoor 10th Henry IV. William Ford, of Fordmoor, married and had issue William; who married EUzabeth, daughter of Stancial Ardington of Gloucestershire, and had issue Edward, Thomas, Robert, Ann, (married to Peter Martiugfield of York;) Margaret, (married to Richard Hopkin.) Edward married Joan, daughter to William Boyer of Tiverton, and had issue Robert, Charles, John, Edward, Joan, (married to Edward Tye of Langford- Court in the parish of Cullomp- ton ;) Mary, (married to Christopher Stukeley of Farringdon ;) Ehzabeth, (married to John Jennys, of Lincolns-Inn, London ;) Agnes, (married to John Walrond, of Langford in Somerset ;) Cecily, married to Dennis Pas- semere of Swetton.) Robert married Agnes, daughter of William Jennys, and had issue one besides Richard. Charles Ford, of Whythal, (second son of Edward,) married Agnes, daughter to William Richards of Upottery, and had issue Edward, Richard, Gregory, Ehzabeth, Dorothy. Richard Ford, of Fordmoor, (second son and heir,) married a daughter of Ball of Cullompton, and had issue Giles and Charles. Giles, son and heir, married Susan, daughter of William Brytton (ahas Brutton) of Exeter, and had issue a daughter and heir ; and died before his father. Charles, se- cond son and heir, married Penelope, daughter of Robert Ashford, of Devon, esq., and had issue. [ Ford, of Fordmoor, married a daughter of Gil- bert, of Compton, esq., and had issue Roger; who married a daughter of Sir George Chudlegh, of Ashton, bart., and left issue Ford, esq.] CAREW, of East- Anthony in Cornwall. — Arms. — Or three lions pass, sable, armed gules mullet. Crest. — A demi lion on a ship's top sable between six broad arrows heads outward. Sir Nicholas Carew, baron of Carew- Castle, Montgomery in Wales, mar- ried Joan, (Margaret, saith York, fol. 173,) daughter of Sir Hugh Courte- nay of Haccomb, and only heir of PhUippa his wife, a daughter and coheir of Sir Warren Lerchdekne, of Haccomb, knight-banneret, and of Ehzabeth his wife, daughter and coheir of John Talbot de Cestro Richardi, second son DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 529 and heir of Sir John Lerchdekne, knight, and of Cecil his wife, daughter and heir of Jordan de Haccomb, and had issue Thomas, Nicholas, Hugh sine prole, Alexander, William. Alexander Carew, esq., married EHzabeth, daughter of John Hatch of Wollegh, and had issue John ; who married Thomasin, daughter and coheir of Holland, and had issue Sir Wymond Ca- rew, knight, and Jane married to John Floyer, of Floyers-Hays, esq. Sir Wymond Carew, knight, married Martha, daughter of Edmund and sister to Sir Anthony Denny, knight, and hath issue eighteen children : the first Thomas, son and heir, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Edgcomb, of Mouut-Edgcomb in Cornwall, knight, and had issue Richard author of the Survey of Cornwall, who married Julyan, daughter to John Arundell, of Trerice in Cornwall, esq., and coheir of Katharine Cosworth his first wife, daughter and heir of Cosworth, in Cornwall, esq., and had issue Richard, John, , George and Gertrude married to WiUiam Ga- ry, of Clovelly, esq., but first to John Arundell, of Talvern in Cornwall, esq. Richard Carew, esq., married Bridget, daughter of John Chudlegh, of Ashton, esq., and hath issue Alexander. Sir Nicholas Carew, of Bedington, knight, 30th Henry VHI.; Sir George Carew, knight, 31st Henry VHI. HILLERSDON, of Hillersdon in Cullompton, and Membland in Hol- beton, Devon. — Arms. — Argent on a chevron sable, three bulls' faces of the field. WiUiam de Hillersdon 27th Henry HI. Roger Hillersdon of East-Hil- lersdon. John de Hillersdon 33rd Edward I. Roger Hillersdon, 8th Ed- ward n., died 30th Edward HI., and had issue Roger. This Roger was lord of Chittlehampton 20th Edward HI. Hillersdon, of Hillersdon, married a daughter and heir of Grimston, [of Grimston, in the parish of Halwell near Totnes,] and had issue. Hillers- don, of Hillersdon, married a daughter and heir of Churchill, and had issue. Hillersdon, of East- Hillersdon, married a daughter and heir of Clivedon, and had issue. HiUersdon married a daughter and heir of Gibbs, and had issue. HiUersdon married a daughter and heir of Snape and of his wife, daughter and heir of Woivyngton. Hillersdon, of Membland, married a daughter of Moore of Moor- Hays, and had issue. Hillersdon, of Membland, man-ied a daughter, of Edgcomb of Mount-Edgcomb, and had issue. Hillersdon of Membland, son and heir, married a daughter of Fortcscue. 530 DKVONSHIRF. FAMILIES. Andrew Hillersdon, of Membland, esq., married Alice, daughter of Tho- mas and coheir of John Hatch of Wollegh, the relict of Baldwin Mallet of Somerset, sans issue by either ; secondly he married a daughter of Edg- comb of Mount-Edgcomb, the relict of Sir Trevanion, of Cary-Hays in Cornwall, knight, and had issue John, and Ann married to John Holland of Wear. John married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Kirkham, of Blackdon, knight, and had issue Andrew, James and John both sans issue, Mary, (married to John May of London, father to Sir Humphrey May;) , (married to Finch, of St. Germans in Cornwall.) Andrew married Barbara, daughter of John Copleston, of Copleston, esq., and had issue Christopher, Hugh, and Scipio sans issue, Mary, (married to William Cour- tenay of Salcomb :) and Elizabeth, (married to Crumb of Cornwall.) Christopher Hillersdon, of Membland, esq., married Jane, daughter of Sir Richard Chudlegh, of Ashton, knight, and had issue Richard, Humphrey, (who married Mary, daughter of John German of Exeter, and hath issue John ;) Mary, (second wife to Bartholomew Thorn, of Sheepwash, esq.;) Katharine, (married to Drew of Dartmouth.) Richard, son and heir mar- ried, first Katharine, daughter of Gawyn Champernon, of Dartington, esq., and had issue Richard, John, Jane, Gertrude, Mary, Ursula, Dorothy. Richard Hillersdon, son and heir, married Bridget, daughter of John Har- ris, of Lanrest in Cornwall and Radford in Devon, esq., and hath issue Richard and Bridget. GILES, of Bowden in the parish of Ashprington and of Dean-Prior, Devon, knight. — Arms. — A chevron arg. and azure, a lion saltier counter- changed, gorged with a collar or. John Giles, of Bowden in the parish of Totnes, married Eleanor, daugh- ter and heir of Towkerman, and had issue William ; who married Joan, daughter to John Blackall, (alias Blackaller,) of Great-Totnes, and had is- sue John, WiUiam, (who married ;) and Joan, (married to Richard Savery of Totnes.) John married Agnes, daughter to Sir Hugh Stukely, of Affe- ton, knight, and had issue Sir Edward Giles, knight, Jane, (married to Richard Sture, of Morelegh in the parish of Morelegh ;) Christian, (to George Yard, of Churchton- Court in the parish of Churchton-Ferrers, esq.;) Joan, (to John Luscomb, of Luscomb in Rattery, esq.;) Agnes, (to William Wotton, of Inglebom in the parish of Harberton, esq.) Sir Edward Giles, of Bow, knight, (sheriff of Devon,) married Margaret, daughter and heir of DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 531 Edmund Drew, of Hayne in the parish of Newton St. Gyres, esq,, the relict of Walter Northcot, of Uton in Crediton, esq., sans issue. HOLCOMB, of Hclcomb, in the parish of Ottery St. Mar)% esq. — Arms. — Azure a chev. arg. between three men's heads couped or, banded arg. Roger Holcomb married and had issue Charles, Elizabeth, (married to John Babington ;) Joan to William Perry, of Water in Membury.) Charles married and had issue ElHs, Katharine, (married to Simon Bradney;) Eh- zabeth, (married, first to Wilham Colmar, secondly to Thomas Graver.) EUis married Elizabeth, daughter to Thomas Sydenham, of Winford-Eagle, Dorset, and had issue Thomas, Robert, Tristram, John, George, Walter, and Mary married to William Longford and had issue Henry and Mary. Thomas Holcomb, of Holcomb, esq., married Margaret, daughter to Tre- drafF, of Cornwall, esq., and had issue Gilbert, Christopher. Gilbert mar- ried Ann, daughter of Peter Courtenay, of Wotton in Cornwall, esq., and had issue. NEWCOMBE, of Great- Worthy in Teignton-Drew. Devon.— Arms.— Argent a fess garreted in chief between two escalops sable. Henry Newcombe married a daughter and heir of a third brother of the Coplestons and had issue. Richard Newcombe married and had issue John; who married a daughter of Coade, and had issue Wilham, John. William, son and heir, married a daughter of Burrington, and had issue two, one of them mayor of the city of Exon. John, second son of John, married a daughter of Down, and had issue John ; who married a daughter of Crock- er, and had issue John. John Newcombe, of Crediton, (son and heir, mar- ried Mary, daughter of Nicholas Pointingdon, of Pennycot in Shobrooke, and had issue John. HARRIS, of Hayne in the Parish of Lifton, Devon, esq. — Arms. — Sable, three crescents within a bordure, argent. John Harris, brother of John Harris of Radford, married a daughter and heir of Stone of Lifton and had issue William, and four daughters, married to Piper, Jackman, Cole, Allen. William Harris, of Stone, married Tho- masin, daughter and coheir of Walter Hayne of Hayne, and had issue John, and Wilmot married to Wilham Foster of Hole in Devon. John (the king's sergeant-at-law in the time of Edward VL,) married Elizabeth, daughter to Michael Kelly of RadchfFe and Southweek, esq., and had issue WiUiam, John, OUver, Anthony, Arthur, Alice, (married to John Wise of Sydenham, 532 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. esq.;) Wilmot, (to John Trevelyan, of Nettlecomb in Somerset, esq.) Wil- liam Harris, of Hayne, esq., married Mary, daughter of Sir Fulk Grevill, of Beauchamp-Court, Warwick, knight, and had issue Arthur, Elizabeth, Blanch, Ysod, Katharine. Arthur married Margaret, daughter and heir of John Davils, of Mexland in Devon, esq., and hath issue [John, Arthur (re- corder of Great-Torrington, who married Elizabeth, sister to Colonel GifFard of Brightlegh, sans issue.) John married, first a sister of Sir Wyndham of Orchard- Wyndham, and secondly, Cordeha, daughter to the Lord Mohun of Boconnock in Cornwall, and had issue Sir Arthur Harris, hart.; who mar- ried a daughter of Sir Turner, of London, knight, and died sine prole. The estate fell to Harris of Cornwall.] HARRIS, of Lanrest in Cornwall. — John Harris married Ann, daughter of Becket, of Cornwall, esq., and of Joan his wife, daughter of William Totewil, and had issue John ; she was secondly married to Anthony Samuel, of Restormel in Cornwall. John Harris married, first Katharine, daughter of Thomas Tremayne of Collacomb, and had issue Elizabeth, (married to John Varey of Varey;) Philippa, (first to John Prouz, of Comb-Martin, esq.; secondly to Jenkin Franklin of Wales ;) Katharine, (to John Davis of Trevaster in Cornwall :) secondly John married Jane, daughter of William Harris, and sister and heir to Sir Christopher Harris, of Radford, knight, and had issue John, and Jane mar- ried to John Dillon, fifth son of Henry Dillon, of Chymwel, esq.: thirdly he married Thomasin, daughter of Copleston, a younger brother of Warleigh house, and had issue Frances, married to Thomas Deswel, of Pendennis, Cornwall. John Harris of Lanrest and Radford, esq., married Joan, daugh- ter and heir of Robert Hert of Stoke -Climsland, and had issue Christopher, John, Robert, Pearce, Cecily, (married to John Pollexfen of Kitley;) Mary, (married;) Bridget, (married to Richard Hillersdon, of Membland, esq.) Christopher, son and heir, married Gertrude, daughter of Sir Bernard Gren- vile, of Stow in Cornwall, knight, and died sans issue. John, second son, and heir to his brother, married . HARRIS of Radford in the parish of Plymstock, knight. — Harris, of Hansford and Radford, married and had issue John. John Harris, of Radford, esq., married and had issue Francis, and a daughter married to Gawdy, of Gawdys-Hall, in the parish of Harleston. Francis married Phihppa, daughter of Sir Thomas Grenfield, of Stow in Cornwall, DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES, 533 knight, and had issue William ; who married Katharine, daughter and co- heir of Henry Esse, (alias Trecarrell,) of Trecarrel in Cornwall, and had is- sue Sir Christopher, and Jane married to John Harris of Lanrest. Sir Christopher Harris, of Radford, knight, married, first Barbara, daugh- ter of John Arscot, of Dunsland, esq., sans issue ; secondly a daughter of Sydenham of Somerset, the relict of Sir Henry Knyvet, of Chotleton in Wiltshire, knight, widow first of John Fitz, of Fitz-Ford, Tavistock, esq., sine prole ; thirdly he married Frances, daughter of Thomas Southcot, of Bovey-Tracey, esq., the relict of Otho Petre, of Bowhay in Exminster, esq, SAMUEL, of Restormel in Cornwall. — Arms. — Argent, two squirrels saliant addorsee, gales, a bordure sable. Anthony Samuel married Ann, daughter of John Becket, the relict of John Harris of Lanrest, and had issue William, and three daughters. William married a daughter of Thomas Tremayne, of CoUacomb, esq., and had issue John and four others. John, son and heir, married, first Honor, daughter of Richard Halse of Kenedon, sans issue ; secondly Mary, daughter of John Chichester, of Westcot, esq., and hath issue William, another son and two daughters. HELE, of South-Hele in Cornwood. — Arms. — Gules, a bend lozengy ermine. Crest. — On a chapeau, a falcon, the wings elevated, argent. William Hele married Joan, daughter of Simon Cole, of Slade, esq., and had issue John, Hugh, Nicholas, Baldwin, William, and Joan married to John Stert. John Hele married and had issue Walter ; who married Jane, daughter of Thomas Fortescue, of Wimpston in the parish of Mod- bury, esq., and had issue John, Hugh, Edward, Thomas, Joan, and four other daughters. HELE, of the Barton of Wisdom, in Coi'nwood. — Hugh, second son to William of South-Hele, married Joan, daughter of Flashmond, and had issue Thomas, Walter, Stephen, John, William. HELE, of Wembury, knight. — Nicholas Hele of South-Hele, third son of WilHam Hele of South-Hele, married, first a daughter of Walter Wood- ley of Tedburn St. Mary, and had issue Wilham, John, and Joan married to John Cliolwich, of Rowden in Revelstock, and after to John Browning : secondly he married Margery, daughter of Richard Dunne [alias Down] of Holsworthy, and had issue Thomas, Hugh, Walter, John, Wilham, Tho- masin, (married to John Luxton ;) Elizabeth unmarried. 3t 534 DEVONSHIRK FAMILIES. Sir John Hele, of Wembury, knight, sergeant-at-law, (fourth son of Nicholas by his second wife, married Mary, daughter and coheir of Ellis Warwick of Batsborough, (the other was married to Chubb of Holbeton,) and had issue Sir Warwick, John sans issue. Sir Francis, Nicholas, Walter, George, Ellis, Benjamin, Thomas sans issue, and Phihppa married to Sh- Reginald Mohun, of Hall in Cornwall. Sir Warwick Hele, of Wembury, knight, (sheriff of Devon 1618 and 1619,) married Mary, daughter of Halse of Efford, the relict of William Hawkins, of Plymouth, esq.; secondly he married Margaret, daughter of Sir Wilham Courtenay, of Powderham, knight, and died sans issue January 16th, 1625, Sir Francis Hele, knight, married Jane, daughter of Rogers, of Canington in Somerset, esq., and had issue John and one daughter, and died 1622. Nicholas Hele, fourth son, married Honor, daughter of Thomas May- nard of Sherford, the relict of John Fortescue, of Spridleston, in Brixton, esq., and hath issue Warwick. George, ninth son, married Lucy, daughter of John Ellacot of Exeter, and hath issue Warwick and Margaret. HELE, of Holbeton. — John, second son of Nicholas, third son of Wil- liam Hele of South- Hele, married Ehzabeth, daughter of Thomas PoUex- fen, of Kitley in Yealmpton, and hath issue Walter, Isabel, (married to Ro- ger Hurrel, of Hendham in the parish of Woodley;) Agnes, (to Barkley of Okembury;) Honor and Charity, (unmarried;) Mary, (to Arthur Trobridge, of Wimpston in Modbury;) Julyan, (to William Kider, of Down-Thomas in Wembury;) Joan, (to John Came of Battsborough ;) Ann, (to Nicholas Borlase, of Treluderow in Newlyn, Cornwall ;) and Margaret unmarried. Walter Hele, of Holbeton, esq., married Elizabeth, daughter of Wil- liam Strode, of Newnham, esq., and had issue Arthur who died young, Sampson, Judith, (married to Gilbert Yard, of Bradley, esq.;) Jane, (un- married ;) Joan, (married to Thomas Fownes of Plymouth ;) Frances, (to John Snelling, of Chaddlewood in Plympton St. Mary, esq.;) Isabel, Agnes, Ehzabeth, and Susan married to Thomas Isaac, of Polslo in Heavitree, esq. Sampson Hele, of Holbeton, esq., (sheriff of Devon 18th James I.,) married Joan, daughter of John Glanvile of Tavistock, one of the justices in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and had issue Matthew, John, Sampson, Walter, DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 535 Francis, William, Arthur, Nicholas, (M. D. sine prole,) Alice, Elizabeth, Joan, and Sarah. Matthew Hele, of Holbeton and Holwell, esq., (sheriff of Devon XI Car. II.,) married RoUe of Heanton-Sachville, and had issue Walter; he secondly married Bourchier, and had issue Matthew who died sans issue. HELE, of Exeter and Fleet. — Thomas Hele, of Exeter, (third son of Ni- cholas, but first by his second wife, third son of William,) sheriff of Devon 42nd Elizabeth, married Julyan, daughter to John Smith of Exeter, and had issue Thomas, Joan, (married to Robert Rolle, of Heanton-Sachville, esq.;) Grace, (to Nicholas Gilbert, alias Webber, of Bowringslegh, esq.) Tho- mas Hele, of Fleet, esq., (sheriff of Devon 15th James I.,) married Bridget, daughter of Henry Champernon, of Modbury, esq., and hath issue Samuel sine prole, Thomas, Henry, John, Penelope, (second wife to Christopher Blackall, of Totnes, esq.;) Dulcibella, (married to Samuel Coswarth, of Coswarth in Cornwall, esq.;) Bridget, (married to Pendarves of Cornwall ;) Ehzabeth, and Honor. Sir Thomas Hele, hart., married and had issue Sir Samuel, bart., (who married a daughter of Lord Pawlet, of Hinton St. George, and died sans issue;) Sir Henry Hele, of Fleet, bart., married a daughter of Elhot, of Port-EUiot in Cornwall, sans issue. HELE, of Newton-Ferrers. — Hugh, fourth son of Nicholas, but second by his second wife, third son of William, married Cecily, daughter and heir of Nicholas Cole of Paignton, and had issue John, Margery, Margaret, Eh- zabeth. John (counsellor-at-law,) married a daughter of Fortescue, of Pres- ton, in Ermington, esq., and had issue Henry, (who died unmarried ;) Tho- mas, Josias, Philippa, (married to Richard Dean.) HELE, of Brixton. — Walter, fifth son of Nicholas, but third by his se- cond wife, married Jane, daughter to Thomas Maynard of Brixton, and had issue Ehzeus and Nicholas. Elizeus, esq., (counsellor-at-law and justice of the peace,) married, first a daughter and coheir of John Hender, of Botre- aux or Bos-Castle in Minster, Cornwall, esq., and had issue who died young; secondly Alice, daughter and coheir to Bray of Northumberland, the relict of Nicholas Evelegh, fourth son of George Evelegh, of Holcombe in Ottery St. Mary, esq. RALEGH, of Fardel in Cornwood. — Arms. — Gules a bend lozengy arg. Walter Ralegh, esq., married and had issue Walter ; who mairied Eliza- 536 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. beth, daughter of Sir Richard Edgcomb, of Cothele in Cornwall, knight, and had issue Walter and Jane. Walter, esq., married Joan, daughter of John Drake of Exmouth, and had issue George, and John who married the relict of Gaverick of Ford, sans issue ; secondly he married a daughter of Darrell of London, and had issue ; thirdly he married Katharine, daughter of Phi- lip Champemon of Modbury, and had issue Sir Carew, Sir Walter, and Margaret married, first to Radford, of Mount-Radford, esq., clerk of the peace ; secondly to Hull, of Larkbear near Exeter, esq. Sir Carew Ralegh married . Sir Walter Ralegh, of Sherborne, knight,* (lord warden of the stannaries in the time of Queen Elizabeth, fourth son of Walter, but third by his third wife, married Ehzabeth, a daughter of Sir Nicholas Throgmorton, knight. George Ralegh, of Fardel, esq., (son and heir to Walter,) married Katha- rine, daughter of Thomas Gilbert, of Compton, esq., sans issue ; secondly he married Dorothy, daughter of Sneddal, of Exeter, esq., and had issue George. George Ralegh, esq,, married Margaret, daughter of Thomas Drake of Harpford, and had issue George, John, Drake, Mary, Margaret, Jane. George, son and heir, married second daughter to Gideon Haydon of Cadhay in Ottery St. Mary, esq. JEWELL, of Bowden in the parish of Berry-Nerber, gent. — Arms. — Or on a chev. azure between three gilly flowers, a demi-maiden gules, crined or, on a chief sable a lure between two falcons argent, legs and bells or. * Our readers are aware that Sir Walter Ralegh, whom King James I. consigned to the block 28th Oct., 1618, eet. 66, was born at Hayes in Budleigh. We have recently been favoured with the inspection of three splendid circular seals of this illustrious man. The first is marked with the date 1584, the year he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth: it bears the arms of Ralegh, five fusils in bend ; but without the label. The motto is "Amore et Virtute ;" the legend is " Propria Insignia Walteri Ralegh, Militis, Domini et Guberna- toris Virginiae," &c. The second represents the Knight in full armour, charging on his war-horse which is richly caparisoned. The legend runs in a double line, thus, — "sigill: DNI WALTERI RALEGH, MILITIS. GARDIAN STANNAR : CORNUB. ET DEVON." The Seal of Sir Walter Ralegh, Knt , Warden of the Stannaries of Cornwall and Devon, "capi- TAN. GARD. REG. ET. GUBERNATOR. INSULA DE. JERSEY." Captain of the QuCeu's Guards, and Governor of the Island of Jersey. The third seal was probably struck after his disgrace, when his enemies, through envy or malice, traduced him "as an upstart, a jack, and a new man." It contains sixteen quarterings. — G. O., — P. J. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 537 John Jewell married Alice, daughter of Richard Bellamy, and had issue John, (that most reverend and les^med bishop of Salisbury;*) Joan, (mar- ried to John Downe, alias Dunne, of Holdsworthy;) Jacquet, married to John Read of Berry-Nerber ;) Jane, (to John Withy of the same ;) Chris- tian, (to Anthony Withy of Berry-Nerber ;) Cecily, (to Henry Down of Barnstaple.) John Jewell, of Northcot, married Agnes, daughter and heir of Richard CutcUfF, of Northcot in the parish of East-Down, and had issue Joan, (married to John Hamond of ArUngton ;) Agnes, (to George Peard of Barnstaple ;) Alice, (to Thomas Fursdon, of Raddon-Court in the parish of Thorverton ;) Margaret, (to Richard Ley of Northcot;) Cecily, (to Brad- ford in Wales. SOUTHCOTE, of Mohuns-Ottery — George, son and heir of Thomas and Thomasin, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Henry Seymour, brother to the Duke of Somerset, issue Thomas, and Elizabeth married to Bartlett. Thomas married Katharine, second daughter of Sir William Pole, of Shute, knight, and hath issue Sir Popham. SAINTHILL, of Sainthill in Kentisbear, and of Bradninch, Devon, esq. Arms. — Or on a fess engrailed azure between three leopards' faces gules, three bezants charged with as many fleur-de-lis of the second; in chief a pile azure and thereon three demi fleur-de-lis of the first. Richard Sainthill, of Sainthill, esq., married Joan, daughter of Richard Mayne of Exeter, and had issue Peter, Edward. Peter Sainthill, of Brad- ninch, esq., married, first Katharine, daughter and coheir of Sir Humphrey Brown, knight, sans issue ; secondly Julyan, daughter of WiUiam Shyne, of Bradley in Berkshire, rehct of Alexander Wrythington, and had issue Peter, and Mary married to Martyn, of Cambridgeshire, esq. Peter mar- ried Ehzabeth, daughter of Thomas Martyn of Cambridgeshire, issue Peter, Humphrey, Thomas, Robert, Ehzabeth, (mairied to Walter Veysey, of Mil- verton, Somerset ;) Barbara, (to Peter Banks, minister of Bradninch ;) Ju- lyan, and Mary. Peter, esq., married Dorothy, daughter and heir of Ro- bert Packer, of Foldhey in the parish of Zeal-Monachorum, and hath issue. * In the will of John Bellamy, Incumbent of Highampton and Countisbury, dated 5th December, 15-13, we read "I gyve and bequeth to John Juell the yonger now Scholar at O.xford at such tynic that he dothe procede master of arte 6Gs. 8d. Item. I gyve & be- queth to Jacquet Juell 20s. Item. I gyve and bequeth to every other child of John Juell of Bowdon ys children one sheepe-" — G. O., — P. J. 538 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. HONE, of Ottery St. Mary, gent. — Arms. — Argent two bars wavy be- tween three hone-stones, azure. — Robert Hone married and had issue Eleanor, (married to William Hor- sey;) Margaret, (to John Perriam of Exeter;) Alice, (to Harton of Barn- staple;) Elizabeth, (to William Chaplain of Ottery St. Mary;) Joan, (to John Bodlegh of Exeter ;) Mary, (to Jeffry Upton, of Wells, Somerset.) PARKER, (alias JORDEN,) of Northmolton, esq. — Arms. — A hart's face sable within two flanches arj^ent. Thomas Parker, esq., married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of John Fry of Yarty in Membury, and had issue John, WiUiam, Agnes, (manied to Edmund Mathew of Dodbrook ;) Mary, (to John Hext of Pickwell, in the parish of Georgeham; after to John Newcourt of the same;) Mary, (to John Charles, of Tavistock, esq.) John Parker, esq., married a daughter and heir of Thomas EUacot, of EUacot in the parish of Bratton-Clovelly, and had issue Edmund, Mary, (married to Anthony Copleston of Wyke ;) Thomasin, (to Perriam ;) Alice, (to Courtenay;) Elizabeth, (to St. Cleer of Tidwell ;) Dorothy, (to Thomas Clotworthy, of Clotworthy, esq.;) Agnes, and Philippa. Edmund Parker, esq., (justice of the peace,) married Dorothy, daughter of Sir Clement Smith, of Essex, knight, and had issue John, Jane, (mar- ried to John Northlegh of Inwardleigh ;) Ehzabeth, (to Walter Harlowin of Sidmouth ;) Mary to George Drake of Hullam in Withecombe-Ralegh ;) Frances, (to William Edmonds of Plymouth ;) and one married Ashe. John Parker died before his father, but first married Frances, daughter and heir to Jerome Mayhow, of Boringdon m Plympton St. Mary, and had is- sue, Edmund, Thomas, John. Edmund Parker, of Northmolton and Bor- ingdon, esq., (sheriflf of Devon 1 622,) married Amy, daughter to Sir Ed- ward Seymour, of Berry- Pomeroy, hart., and had issue [Edmund and se- veral others. Edmund, esq., (sheriff of Devon 24th Car. I., and 27th Car. H.,) married a daughter of Southcote of Buckland-Toutsaints, esq., and had issue George, Edmund, (who turned papist on the marriage of a daughter of Kirkham, of Pinhoe in Devon, esq.;) and Thomas, who married Ehzabeth, the daughter and heir of George Prouz, sometime vicar of Ashburton ; se- condly he married a daughter of Weeks, of Northweek, esq., and had is- sue Weeks Parker, who married a coheir of Lankford, of Lankford-hill in Cornwall, but died sans issue, he being executed at Heavitree for a murder DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 539 committed at Crediton in a fray, within or near two years of his marriage, aged about twenty four. George Parker, esq., married Ehzabeth, daughter and coheir of Sir John Fowel of Fowelscorabe, and hath issue one son.] WOLLACOMB, of Comb in the parish of Roborough, esq. — Arms. — Argent three bars gules, a file of three sable. Robert WoUacomb had issue, Walter who had issue, Richard who had issue, Josseline who had issue, Severus who had issue, Oliver who had is- sue, Thomas who had issue, Henry who had issue, Thomas. Thomas WoUacomb, of Over- WoUacomb, married Ehzabeth, daughter and heir to Henry of Combe in the parish of Roborough, and had issue William. William WoUacomb, of Over- WoUacomb, esq., married Thoma- sin and had issue Thomas ; secondly he married a daughter and heir of Stephen Giffard, and had issue William and John, both sine prole. Thomas WoUacomb, of Over- WoUacomb, married Ann, daughter and heir of John Michelstow, of Lantaglos in Cornwall, and of Alice his wife, daughter and coheir of Stephen Giffard of Thuborougli, the relict of Wil- liam Prideaux, of Thuborough, esq., and Joan his wife, daughter and heir to John Spencer of Tedburn, who was sister and heir of John Giffard and AUce his wife, daughter and heir of John Huggesworthy ; which John Giffard was son and heir to John Gifford and Ingaret his wife, daughter and coheir of Sir Allen Esse, of Thuborough, knight, son and heir of Sir Ralph Esse, knight, and had issue Thomas. Thomas WoUacomb, of Over- WoUacomb, married Thomasin, daughter of John Cole of North-Tawton, and had issue Alexander and Ann. Alexander WoUacomb, of Comb, married, first Ann, daughter to Antho- ny PoUard, of Horwood, esq., and had issue John, Anthony, Honor, (mar- ried to Anthony Cary of Kegbear ;) Alice, (to John Heron :) secondly he married Ann, daughter of John Bradmore of Exeter, and had issue George, Henry, Alexander, Ann, Eleanor, Thomasin. John WoUacomb, of Comb, esq., married Mary, daughter to Sir John Basset, of Umberlegh, knight, and had issue John, Thomas sans issue, and Honor married to Giffard of Torrington. John married Mary, daughter of John Coffin, of Portledge in Alwington, esq., and had issue John, Thomas, Richard, Arthur, Mary, (married to Humphrey Copleston, fifth son of An- thony Copleston, esq.;) Janor, (to John Barret, of St. Tudy, Cornwall ;) Ann, (to Thomas Hert of Exeter ;) Eleanor, and Elizabeth. John, son and 540 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. heir, married Sarah, daughter of John Fortescue, of Filleigh, esq., and hath issue John, Sarah, Ehzabeth. KELLY, of Kelly, esq.— Arms. — Argent a chevron between three billets, gules. Crest. — An ostrich's head and neck argent, issuing out of a ducal coronet gules; in the mouth or, a horse-shoe. Thomas Kelly, esq., married Elizabeth, sister and coheir of Wilham Tal- bot, of Talbots-Wick, who was son and heir to Richard and Margaret his wife, and had issue Nicholas who died sans issue, and Richard ; who mar- ried Jane, daughter of Thomas Bratton, and had issue John, Henry, Con- stance. John married Joan, daughter of Henry Fortescue, esq., and had issue Oliver ; who married Jane, daughter of John Tremayn, of Collacomb in the parish of Lamerton, esq., and had issue John, Elizabeth, (married to Richard Prinn ;) Jane, (to John Moore of Moorhays.) John married Do- rothy, daughter of Richard Wood, of North-Tawton, esq., and had issue Oliver, Henry, Anthony, James, Katharine, (married to William Bower of Bariswood ;) Ann, (to John Whitlock of North-Tawton.) Oliver married Margaret, daughter of Henry Denys of Hall, in Petrockstow, esq., and had issue OHver, Thomas, Ann, Elizabeth, Alice, Mary. BATTISHILL, of Westwyke in the parish of South-Tawton, gent.— Arms. — Azure a salt, crossed between four owls arg. memb. and beaked or. John BattishiU married and had issiie John, Robert, Alice, (married to Thomas Alley of St. Mary- Week ;) Margery, (to Surdecot.) John married Philippa, daughter of Brendon, and had issue John, Walter, Olivera, (mar- ried to William Michel of Winkley;) Thomasin, (to Nicholas Dean of Thrussleton ;) Joan, (to William Ashford of Sampford-Courtenay.) John Battishill married Joan, daughter and heir of Walter Wood of Bri- destow, and had issue, William, Thomas, Henry, Mary, (married to Gre- gory Cock of Plymouth ;) Julyan, (to William Will of the same.) William, son and heir, married Jane, daughter of John Denham, of Wortham, esq., and had issue. GODWINE, of Clistwill in the parish of Plymtree, and of Godwine in Thorverton, Devon. — Arms. — Argent on a bend gules three mascles argent between two demi lions saliant sable. Walter Godwine, of ClystwiU, married and had issue William ; who mar- ried Joan, daughter and heir to John Freer of Thorverton, and had issue DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 541 John, William, Joan married to John Ware of Ottery St. Mary. John married, first Elizabeth, daughter of Mallock of Axmouth, and had issue Thomas, Joan, (married to Henry RatclifFe of Broadclist ;) Agnes, (to Ro- bert Whyght, secondly to John Maunder, thirdly to John Treslow;) Wy- mond, (to John Leigh ;) Maud, (to Robert Yeo of Shobrook :) secondly he married Ann Forget, and had issue John, and Florence married to William Sandford of Comb-Flory. Thomas Godwine, of London, esq., son and heir, married Ann, daughter of Thomas Peacock, of Cotton in Essex, and of Ann, sister to Richard Cotton, of Whyttington in Gloucester, esq., and a sister of Sir John Done, of Done, Cheshire, and had issue Amy, first mar- ried to Crane, and had issue one daughter and heir, Joan, married to ; secondly she was wife to John Stumpe, of the Inner Temple, esq., and had issue Elizabeth, (married to Sir John Powlet, of Southampton, knight ;) , (married to Fulk Buttry, of Marston St. Lawrence in Northampton- shire ,) and third Ann, (to John Warnford, esq., sans issue.) CHARLES, of Moreton and Tavistock, esq. — Arms. — Ermine on a chief wavy gules, an eagle displayed or. John Charles, of Moreton, married Margery, daughter and heir of Rich- ard Ford and Margaret his wife, daughter of Ryckeswell ; (ahas Woulfe ;) which Richard Ford was son and heir of John, son and heir of Thomas, son and heir of Walter, son and heir of Henry, son and heir of Richard, son and heir of Nicholas, son and heir of Thomas, son and heir of WUliam, son and heir of John, son and heir of EUis Ford ; to whom William Mandevile, (who lived in 11 66,) Earl of Essex, gave Ford parcel of the manor of More- ton. John and Margaret had issue William and Joan. William married Elizabeth, daughter of Andrew Chaldon, and had issue John ; who married a daughter of William Welcot of Chudleigh, and had issue John, Ralph, Radigund, and Joan married to WiUiam Southmead of Moreton. John Charles, of Tavistock, esq., married, first Mary, daughter of Thomas Par- ker (alias Jorden,) of Northmolton, sans issue ; secondly Agnes, daughter of John Amadis, sergeant-at-arms, and had issue John, Ralph sans issue, and Dorothy married to Richard Servington, of Tavistock, esq. John mar- ried Eleanor, daughter and heir of Bernard Smith of Totnes, sans issue ; she was secondly married to Sir John Fulford, of Fulford, knight, sans is- sue ; thirdly to Ambrose Billet, esq., sans issue. NORRIS, of Chulmleigh. — Robert married and had issue John; who 3z 542 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. liad issue John sine prole, Robert; who had issue John; who married Joan, daughter of Arkenald, abbot of , son of Arkenald, son of Walter, son of Ralph, abbot of Wray, who was seized of the manor of Wray in Devon, and had issue John ; who had issue John ; who had issue Thomas, John, (both sans issue ) and Ahce, (heir of Thomas and John her brothers,) mar- ried to Richard Wray, who had issue Chiistian, married to Richard de la Ford and had issue Christian, married to William Corset, who had issue John, who had issue John, who had issue Richard who died sans issue, and Alice, heir to her brother, married Thomas Southmead, and had issue Wil- liam Southmead of Wray; who, by Joan, daughter of John Charles, of More- ton, esq., had issue John ; who married a daughter of Hunt and had issue William ; who married Ann, daughter of Hugh Lanton of Winkley, and had issue Thomas ; who (was living in 1 629,) married Ann, daughter and heir of Richard Wood of I^ustleigh, and had issue John, eetat 1 3, (about 1630,) Ann, Joan, Frances, Grace. STRODE, of Ermington and Newnham in the parish of Plympton St. Mary. — Arms. — Argent, a chevron between three conies passant sable. Edward I. sent a herald into Devon to summon divers gentlemen to go with him into Scotland, who returned one Adam Strode, as appeareth by the rolls of that king in the Tower . Reynold Strode, of Ermington, gent., married Florence, and had issue John ; who married Melior, daughter and coheir of Simon Newnham, of Newnham, esq., and had issue John ; who married Joan, daughter of Bur- ley, of Clanacomb, esq., and had issue Richard, and Elizabeth married to John Ryke of Denbury, who dying sans issue gave all his land to her bro- ther Richard. Richard Strode, of Newnham, esq., married Margaret, daugh- ter of Henry Fortescue, of Wood, esq., and had issue WilUam, Richard. William Strode, of Newnham, esq., married, first Alice, daughter of Gibbs, of Venton in the parish of Dartington, esq., sans issue ; secondly Agnes, daughter of Thomas Worth, of Worth in the parish of Washfield, esq., sans issue ; thirdly Joan, daughter of Strode, of Dorset, esq., sans issue. Rich- ard Strode of Plympton, second son of Richard and heir to his brother Wil- liam, married Joan, daughter and heir of Ellis Pennals, of Plympton, esq., and had issue Richard, and Alice married to Francis Strechley, of Strechley in Ermington, esq. Richard Strode, of Newnham, esq., married Agnes, daughter of John Myl- DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 543 lyton, of Meavy, esq.^ and had issue William, Francis, Richard, Cecily, (married to Thomas Fortescue, of Wimston in the parish of Modbury, esq., and had issue Joan, married to Edmund Babington, a second son, warden of the Fleet ;) Elizabeth, (married to John Crocker, of Lynham, esq. William Strode, of Newnham, esq., married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of W^iUiam, third son of Sir Philip Courtenay, of MoUand, knight, and had issue Richard, John, (who married Honor, daughter of Speccot of Thorn- bury, sans issue ;) William, (who married, first Julyan ; secondly Joan, daughter of Dart of Barnstaple ;) Philip, (who married Wilmot, daughter of Hanton ;) Arthur sans issue, Sampson, (who married Joan, daughter of John Edgcomb, of Leigh in Modbury, issue William ;) Thomas, (who mar- ried Joan, daughter of Foot ;) Agnes, (married to Edward Yard, of Church- ton-Ferrers, esq.;) Katharine, (to George Whyte, of Hutton in Essex, esq.;) Mary, (to Thomas Prestwood of Exeter ;) Joan, (to Stephen Vaughan, of St. Mary Spittle in London, esq.;) Elizabeth, (to Walter Hele, of Gnaton, esq.) Richard Strode, of Newnham, esq., married Frances, daughter of Gre- gory, Lord Cromwell, and Elizabeth Seymour his wife, sister to Edward, Duke of Somerset, and had issue Sir Wilham, knight ; who married Mary, daughter of Thomas Southcot, of Bovey-Tracey, esq., and hath issue Sir Richard, William, John, Mary, (married to Sir George Chudlegh of Ashton, bart.;) Elizabeth, (to Edmund Speccot, esq., second brother to Sir John, knight;) Julyan, (to John Davie, of Newhouse in Crediton, esq.;) Frances, (to Sir Samuel Somaster, of Painsford, knight ;) Jane, (to Sir Francis Drake, of Buckland, bart.;) Ursula, (to Sir John Chichester, of Hall, knight ;) Eli- zabeth, (to Sir John Young, knight, son and heir of Walter Young of Ex- minster, esq.; secondly he married Duens, daughter of Nicholas Glanvile of Tavistock, the relict of Andrew Vosper, merchant, sans issue.) Sir Richard Strode of Newnham, knight, married, first Mary, daughter of Sir Robert Strode, of Parnham in Dorset, knight, and had issue Eliza- beth, Frances, and Katharine ; secondly Ehzabeth, daughter of Thomas Earl, of Chardborough, in Dorset, esq., and hath issue Sir Wilham ; thirdly he married a daughter of Sir John Drake, of Ash, knight, and had issue a son who died sans issue, and a daughter. Sir William Strode, of Newn- ham, knight, married Ann, daughter of Sir William Button of Dorset, and hath left issue Richard, (never married,) and several daughters ; and by a second wife, William, who died on his return from Jamaica. 544 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. PYNE, of Ham in Cornwall, and East-Down in Devon, esq. — Arms. — Gules, a chevron ermine between three pine-apples or. Oliver Pyne, of Ham, married Eleanor, daughter and heir of Philip le Down, and sister and heir of Thomas le Down, of East-Down, esq., and had issue Robert ; who married Thomasin, daughter and heir of William II- comb, and had issue John ; who married Jane, daughter and heir of Robert Sail of Monk-Okehampton, esq., and had issue Nicholas, Thomas. Nicholas Pyne, of Ham, esq., married Thomasin, daughter of Richard Winslade and Mary his wife, daughter and heir of John Byrt, son and heir of Matthew, son and heir of William Byrt and Jane his wife, daughter and coheir of John Houndsmoor, and had issue Thomas and George. George Pyne, of East-Down, esq., second son of Nicholas, married Isa- bel, daughter and coheir of Robert Appleton and Christian his wife, daugh- ter and heir of John Gold, of Somerset, esq., and had issue Nicholas; who married Ehzabeth, daughter of John Chichester, of Ralegh, esq., and had issue John ; who married Honor, daughter and heir of Edmund Penfound, Cornwall, second son of Thomas Penfound, and had issue Philip, Nicholas, George, John parson of East-Down, Mary, Julyan, Margaret. Philip mar- ried Dorothy, daughter of John Dart (alias Walleys) of Barnstaple, issue Phi- lip, Lewis, (both sans issue,) Edward and Philip who married but died sans issue, Jane, (married to Humphrey Copleston of Instow;) Ann, (to Thomas VaUet of Bideford ;) Dorcas, (married to Peter Lental of Monkton ;) Eliza- beth, (mairied to Thomas Spry, of Mevagissey in Cornwall ;) Ruth, (mar- ried to John Ley, of Northcot in East-Down;) Prudence, (to Spry, of Fowey in Cornwall.) Lewis Pyne, second son and heir, mairied Prudence, daughter of Lutte- rel, of Dunster-Castle in Somerset, esq., and died without issue. Edward Pyne, third son and heir, of East-Down, esq., married Bridget, daughter of Nicholas Fry, of Yarty in Membury, esq., and hath issue. Robert Pyne, of Lyme in Dorset, married Joan, daughter of Robert Phil- lips of the same, and had issue Thomas, and Joan married to Walter Bow- den of CoUyford. Thomas Pyne, of Hay, married Joan, daughter of John Wadham, of Ca- therstone in Dorset, and had issue Hercules, James, Jasper, John, Mary, Joan, Elizabeth, Jane. Hercules Pyne married Margery, daughter of John Young, of Axminster, esq., and hath issue. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 545 PRESTWOOD, of Worcester, Exeter, and North-Huish, in Devon. — Arms. — Sable, a lion saliant between two flasks or. Reginald Prestwood, of the city of Worcester, married and had issue Thomas. Thomas Prestwood, of Exeter, married Alice, daughter of Tho- mas Gale, of Crediton, esq., and had issue Gilbert, Gilbert, (both died sine issue,) Thomas. Thomas Prestwood, esq., (mayor of Exeter 1576,) mar- ried Mary, daughter of WiUiam Strode, of Newnham, esq., and had issue George, Thomas, and Susan married to WiUiam Martin, esq., recorder of Exeter. George married Julyan, daughter of Nicholas Martin, of Exeter, esq., and hath issue Thomas, George, Mary, (married to Richard Cabel of Brook, esq.;) Julian. Thomas Prestwood, of Whetcombe, esq., married Dorothy, daughter of Sir George Southcot, knight, and hath issue George, (who married Mary, daughter of Sebastian Isaac of Polslo, and hath issue Thomas, who married a daughter of Sir Gregory Huckmore, of Buckland- Baron, knight, and hath issue George ;) Sebastian, and Ehzabeth first mar- ried to Hugh Stowell, of Harebeer near Ashburton, esq.; secondly to Sir Bernard Drake, bart., son of Sir John Drake, of Ash in Musbury, hart., disinherited by his elder brother, by another venter. Sir John Drake, of Ash, bart., for some extravagant afiront and disorderly living, whereupon he grew melancholy and died, leaving a daughter, married to Thomas Tot- hUl of Bovey-Tracey, and hath issue. HAKE WELL, of Exeter. — Arms. — Or a bend between six trefoils shpt purpure. John Hake, of Totnes, (who died in the time of Henry VHL,) married and had issue WiUiam ; who (died in the time of Queen Mary,) married a daughter of John Wotton, of Englebourn in Halberton, esq., and had issue John, Allen, WiUiam. John HakeweU, of Exeter, son and heir, married Thomasin, daughter of John Perriam, of Exon, esq., and had issue WiUiam, John, George doctor of divinity, and Ehzabeth married to Nicholas Chap- pie of Exeter ; secondly to Henry WiUet. WiUiam (counseUor-at-law,) married. [ He settled in Buckinghamshire, where some of his posterity yet remain.] John, (mayor of Exeter,) married and had issue. PERY, of Water in the parish of Membury, esq. — Arms. — Quarterly gules and or on a bend argent, three lions passant sable. Christopher Pery, esq., married Emma, daughter and heir of Thomas Hele and Isabel his wife, daughter and heir of WiUiam Water, son and 546 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. heir of Simon Water, and had issue William ; who married a daughter of John Fry of Yarty, and had issue William and Ehzabeth married to Rossi- ter. William married Jane daughter to Roger Holcombe, of Ottery St. Mary, esq., and had issue Wilham, Joan, (married to Robert Fowell ;) Alice, (to Roger Preston of Up-Ottery.) William married Barbara, daughter of Sir John Dawtry, of Hampshire, knight, she died sans issue ; he married secondly Thomasin, daughter of Walter Chase, of Court in Membury, and had issue Bridget, Jane, (married to WiUiam Huish, parson of Kilkhamp- ton in Cornwall, third son to Henry Huish, of Sand in Sidbury, esq., and had issue Elizabeth married to WUliam Weston, and Nazar married to George Luppincot, of Wibbery in Alverdiscot, esq.;) Emerance, and Eliza- beth, all four coheirs. PETRE, of Tor-Brian, esq. — Arms. — Gules on a bend or between two escalops argent, charged with a martlet sable between two roses azure. John Petre married Joan, and had issue John, John. John married AUce, daughter of John Colling of Woodland, and had issue Sir WiUiam, knight, principal secretary to Queen Mary; John; John, customer of Exe- ter; Wilham; Richard, chancellor of Exeter and archdeacon of Bucking- ham ; Alice, (married to Thomas Read, of Uplowman in the parish of Ti- verton ;) Thomasin, (to William Perkin of Cornwall ;) Wilmot, (to John Petre, alderman of Exeter. John Petre, second son of John, married, first Joan, daughter of Michael Ridgeway (alias Peacock) of Newton-Abbot, and had issue John who died sans issue, William ; second Ehzabeth, daughter of James Blackaller, of Totnes, merchant. WiUiam Petre, of Hays in St. Thomas' parish near Exon, esq., married CecUy, daughter of Thomas Southcot, of Bovey and Shillingford, esq., and had issue Sir George, and Mary married to Reymes of Sussex. Sir Wilham Petre, of Ingarstone in Essex, knight, married twice, first Gertrude, daughter of Sir John Tyrrel, of Warley, knight. She died 28th May, 1541, leaving issue Katharine, (married to John Talbot, of Grafton in Worcestershire, esq., father to George, Earl of Shrewsbury;) Dorothy, (married to Nicholas Wadham, of Meryfield in Somerset, esq.) By his se- cond wife, Ann, daughter of WiUiam Browne, lord mayor of London, he had issue Sir John, knight, who married and had issue Sir WiUiam ; who was made Lord Petre of Writtle by King James L, 21st July, 1603, and DEVONSHIRE FAMILIE8. 547 married Katharine, second daughter of Edward Somerset, Earl of Worces- ter, and hath issue George ; who married Jane Brown, youngest daughter of Anthony, Viscount Montague. POINTINGDON, of Pennycot in the parish of Shobrook, gent.— Arms. — Argent a bend gules between six fleur-des-lis of the second. WiUiam Pointingdon married Thomasin, daughter and coheir of John Hengscot of Hengscot, and had issue Thomas ; who married Alice, daugh- ter and coheir of Thomas Hayes of Silverton, and had issue William ; who married Elizabeth, daughter arid coheir of Lawrence Prust, and had issue Thomas, William, and Margaret married to Thomas Aldred of Cadbury. Thomas married Ehzabeth, daughter and coheir of William Smart of Bamp- ton, and had issue John who died unmarried, Nicholas, Richard sans issue, Thomas, Dorothy, (married to Sampford of CuUompton ;) Katharine, (to WiUiam Esworthy of Shobrook ;) Mary, (to Richard Webber of the same ;) Grace married, Ehzabeth, Apolonia, Ann, unmarried. He died 1572. Nicholas married Joan, daughter of Witchells of Chudleigh, and had is- sue Thomas, Katharine, (married to George Lethbridge ;) Elizabeth, (to Robins of Honiton ;) Mary, (first to John Newcomb of Crediton, secondly to William Yelland of the same. He died 1597. Thomas married, first a daughter of Robert Young of Colebrook, who came from Dorset and the youngest of twenty-four children, and had issue that died young ; secondly he married Joyce, daughter of George Trow- bridge, of Trowbridge in Crediton, esq., and had issue Joan. POINTINGDON, of Meryfield in Upton- Hehons,— Thomas, fourth son of Thomas of Pennycot, married a daughter of Ley, the relict of Shapland of Shobrook, and had issue, one married to Buckingham of Crediton, another to Whythorn parson of Upton-Helions. [Thomas Pointingdon, of Pennycot, (counsellor-at-law,) esq., married a daughter of Sir John Northcote, of llayne, bart., and left issue a son, and daughter married to Edward Cary, rector of Silverton, son of George Cary, dean of Exeter, D.D.] GOVE, (alias GOUGH,) of Woodbury and Clay-Hidon, gent.— Arms. — Argent, a cross of lozenges between four eagles displayed sable. John Gove, of Woodbury, married Jane, daughter of Whyting, and had issue Thomas, George, Jane married to Hilling. Thomas married Alice, daughter of Robert Brown of Newcot, and had issue John, Walter, Thoma- 548 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. sin, (married to Sir Thomas White, knight;) Ann, (to John Herknol ;) Joan, (to Halster.) John married Agnes, daughter of William Gary of Ladford, in Shebbear, issue Gregory, Thomas who died young, John, Richard. Walter Gove, of Clay-Hidon, (second son of Thomas of Woodbury, son of John,) married Jane, daughter of, GifFord, of Wellington in Somerset, and had issue Lucretia. Gregory Gove, of Bridge in Woodbury, married, first Ehzabeth, daughter of Dr. Townsend, dean of Exeter, and had issue Thomas ; secondly Mary, daughter of John Drew, of Trehill in Kenn, esq., and had issue John, &c.» who now liveth in Ireland. John, third son of John, married Jane, daughter of Haydon, of Ebford in Woodbury, esq., and died sans issue. Richard, fourth son of John, married Abigail, daughter of William Coo- per, of Poole in Dorset, esq., and hath issue John, Richard, Abigail, Eliza- beth. MALLOCK, of Axmouth, gent. — Arms. — Per chevron engrailed or and sable on three roundles, counterchanged, three fleur-des-lis transmuted. William Mallock married Agnes, daughter of William Newberry, of Stockland in Dorset, and had issue John, and Joan married to William Newton. John married, first Maud, daughter of John Weston of Colyton, and had issue Joan, (married to John Holcomb :) Agnes, (to John Garland;) secondly Elizabeth, daughter to John Chaplain, of Taunton in Somerset, and had issue William, John, Richard, and Joan married to Thomas Byd- dlecomb, of Poole in Dorset. William married Joan, daughter of William Sherman of Ottery St. Mary, and had issue Richard, and two daughters, one married to Starr of Seaton, the other to John Hore of Axminster. Richard, son and heir, married Joan, daughter of John Young of Axmins- ter, and hath issue Richard, William rector of Farway, Gideon, &c. Richard married Elizabeth, daughter of Tuckfield, of Raddon- Court in the parish of Thorverton, esq., and left issue. FOUNTAIN, of Bawcomb in the parish of Ugborough, gent. — Arms. — Argent three bars gemmells gules, on a canton azure a lion passant, gard, or. William Fountain married Eleanor, daughter of Hutchin, and had issue Hugh, Thomas, Margery, (married to Richard Wood of Ugborough;) Eli- zabeth, (married to Richard Trenick;) Margaret, (married to John Doten.) DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 54y Hugh Fountain, of East-Bawcomb, married Margery, daughter of Hugh Sture of Marridge, (one married to John Bond, of St. Erth, Cornwall,) and had issue WiUiam, Thomas, Richard, and Margaret married to Nicholas Ford of Blackawton, ( Ford-Mill.) WiUiam married Mary, daughter of John Carswell of Petertavy, and had issue Hugh, Margaret, Elizabeth. DILLON, of Chimwell, — Arms. — Argent, a hon rampant between four crescents surmounted by as many estoUs gules, over all a fess azure. Robert Dillon, esq., married Isabel, daughter of William Fortescue, of Prydeston (alias Preston,) esq., and had issue Henry, Richard, (who mar- ried a daughter of Honacot of Landkey, the relict of William Alley, bishop of Exeter ;) Nicholas of Hart in Braunton, John died young, Anthony of Darby-Town in Northampton, Dorothy, (married to Hugh Pollard of Hony- ton in Southmolton ;) another married to Emanuel Drew of Trehill in Kenn, and Joan. Henry, son and heir, married Ehzabeth [ Mary] daughter of Sir Hugh Pollard, of Nymet, knight, the relict of Richard Bury, of Col- eton in Chulmleigh, esq., and had issue Robert, Andrew, (who married but was slain at Okehampton, s. p.;) Anthony who lived in Ireland, Henry who lived in Northampton, Grace, (married to Upton ;) Ann, (to Roope ;) secondly he married Ann, daughter of Kelly, and had issue John, (who married Jane, daughter of John Harris of Lanrest in Cornwall ;) William who died young, Joan, (married to JefFry Tothill, of Peamore, esq.;) and Ann married. Robert Dillon, esq., son and heir, married Grace, daughter of Sir John Chichester, of Ralegh, knight, and had issue Sir John, Grace, Ann. Nicholas, third son of Robert, married and had issue Sir William, and a daughter wife to John Newcourt, of Pickwell, esq. Sir William, son and heir, of Hart in Braunton, married and had issue Robert, and a daughter married to Sir Richard HUl, of Bristol, knight. Christopher Dillon, of Newton-Ferrers, married Thomasin, daughter to William Horeston, and had issue Walter, Nicholas, Henry, Andrew, Eliza- beth married to Stephen Knight. Henry Dillon, third son of Christopher, married Jane Cosgaren of Cornwall. Walter Dillon, of Ireland, esq., married Amy, daughter and coheir of John Fleming and Ann Rochford liis wife, son and heir of Sir Christopher Flem- ing, knight. Baron of Slane, and of Leve his wife, daughter and coheir of Martin Ferrers, esq.; which Sir Christopher was son and heir of Sir Tiio- mas Fleming, Baron of Slane, and of Elizabeth Preston his wife, son and 4a 550 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES, heir to Simon and Cecily his wife, danghter of Thomas Champeraon, of Modbury, esq., son and heir to Baldwin Fleming and Maud Jenevife his wife, son and heir to Richard and Mary his wife, daughter of Nicholas Mar- tin, Lord of Combe-Martin and Southmolton ; who was son and heir of Baldwin Fleming, son and heir of Archibald, Baron of Slane ; and the said Walter and Amy Dillon had issue Nicholas. Nicholas Dillon, of Chimwell, esq., married and had issue Robert, and Jane married to John Somaster, of Painsford, esq. CROCKER, of Lynham in Yealmton, — Arms.— Argent, a chevron en- grailed "gules between three crows proper. Sir John Crocker married Elizabeth, and had issue John, and Elizabeth married to John Gilbert, of Compton, esq. John Crocker, of Lynham, esq., married, first a daughter of Arundell, Lord of Ceely, sans issue ; second- ly Elizabeth, daughter of Lewis Pollard of Greston, and had issue John, George, Elizabeth, (married to Andrew Maynard of Sherford, and had is- sue Elizabeth ;) Ann, (to Edward Drew, of Newton St. Cyres. John Crock- er, of Lynham, esq., married Elizabeth, second daughter of Richard Strode, of Newnham, esq., and had issue John, Thomas, Richard, Nicholas, Robert, Edward, Philip, Samuel, Agnes, (married to Thomas Burrel of Woodland in Cornwood;) Alice, (to George Keinsham of Brixton;) EHzabeth, Mary, Joan, Amy. Sir John Crocker, of Lynham, knight, (sheriff of Devon 2nd Henry VIIL,) married Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Yeo, of Heanton-Sach- vile, esq., and had issue John, WilUam, Agnes, Frideswid, Mary. John Crocker married a daughter and one of the three coheirs of Serving- ton of Tavistock, (the second was married to Savery, and the third to a Sa- very,) and had issue Hugh, William sans issue, Christopher, John and George sine prole, Agnes, (married to John Penhallow of Cornwall ;) Fri- zel, (to Challons of Modbury ;) Mary, (to Thomas Southcot, of Calverleigh, esq.;) Ann, (to John Fowel of Plymouth ;) Barbara, (to Walter Elford, of Shipstor, esq.) Hugh Crocker, son and heir, married Agnes, daughter and heir of Bon- vile, of Ivy-Bridge, esq., and had issue John, Francis, Hugh, Christopher, Jane, Agnes, EHzabeth, Mary, Margaret. He died before his father. John married Joan, daughter and heir of Lee, the relict of Gilbert, (alias Web- ber,) and had issue John ; secondly he married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Arthur Champernon, of Modbury, knight. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 551 BURGOIN, of Bideford. — Arms. — Azure, a hound passant argent, a mullet and thereon a crescent. Walter Burgoin, third son of Burgoin, of Bedfordshire, esq., married Ju- lyan, daughter and heir of Maud Sheldon, widow, issue John ; whohad is- sue Jeffry. Jeffry Burgoin, of London, married Katharine, daughter of Stoning of Lippislake, and had issue William, recorder of Exeter; who mar- ried Joan, daughter of Richard Tavernour of South-Tawton, and Alice his wife, daughter of William Wyke of North-Wyke, issue William of South- Tawton, Richard, Walter, Margaret, (married to William Fursdon of Fursdon ;) Joan, (to Thomas Copleston of Instow.) William Burgoin, of South-Tawton, married Alice, daughter to George Viell, of Wood, esq., issue George ; who married Ehzabeth, daughter of William Buckingham of Exeter, issue WilUam sans issue, and Robert. Richard, of Bideford, (second son of William,) married Ann, daughter of William Gorwill of Fremington, and of Margaret his wife, daughter of Culpepper of Kent, and had issue Richard, George, Jeffry. Richard married Alice, daughter of Reynold Trethurfe, of Ladock in Cornwall, esq., issue Thomas, Francis, Cecily, Amy. SAPCOTTS. — Sir John married Elizabeth, second sister to John, Lord Dinham, the rehct of Fulk, Lord Fitzwarren, and had issue Sir Richard ; who married and had issue Ann, married to Sir William FitzwiUiams, knight ; who married and had issue John. SOMASTER. — Sir Stephen Somaster had issue Sir Richard; who mar- ried Amy, daughter of John KeUy of Cornwall, esq., and had issue Sir Ste- phen ; who married Maud, daughter of John Trevisa, of Cornwall, esq., is- sue Stephen ; who married Mary, daughter of WiUiam Fortescue, issue Sir Richard, knight ; who married Margaret, daughter of John Penrose, issue John; who married Beatrice, daughter of Thomas Bonython, esq., issue Roger ; who married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Penarth, esq., issue John ; who married Joan, daughter of Hugh Mansfield, esq., issue Wil- liam; who married Alice, daughter of John Pederton, esq., issue John; who married Isabel, daughter of Gawyn Mallet ; Ehzabeth, daughter and coheir, married John Colshull. SOMASTER, of Pensford.— Richard Maldyt, called Southmaster, of Exon, married Joan, daughter and heir of WiUiam de Henton, and had issue Robert ; who married Margaret, daughter and heir of John Herward, 552 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. of Bothkison, and Joan his wife, daughter and heir of John le Cornu, by whom he had issue Ralph, William, Adam. This Robert died before his father : he sealed with the gate : which arms came to him by his mother, whose grandmother was daughter and heir to De la Port. Wil- liam, of Netherexe, (second son,) had a daughter and heir married to Lim- penny. From Adam Somaster is descended Somaster of Pensford. CARWITHEN, of Carwithen in Cornwall, and Paunston in Devon, esq. Arms. — Argent, a fleur-de-hs within a bordure engrailed gules. Thomas Carwithen, married Alice, daughter and coheir of John Mayhow of Smalhill, and had issue John and Agnes. John married Joan, daughter and heir of Robert Paunston of Paunston, issue Richard and John. Richard Carwithen, of Paunston, esq., married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Ni- cholas Dyrrant, of Norton in Cornwall, issue WiUiam, John, Edward, Rich- ard, Digory, Robert, George, Agnes, (married to Michael Burrough, of Buddawell in Cornwall;) Jane sans issue, Grace married a priest. Wilham married Joan, daughter of John Dinham of Wortham, and had issue John, Richard, William, James, Margery, (married to Richard Harris of St. Giles ;) Ann, Joan, Jane, Elizabeth. John married Katharine, daughter and heir of John Bawdon, of Padstow in Cornwall, and had issue George, Charles, John, Richard, Grace. POLLARD, of Way and Horewood, esq. — Arms. — Argent, a chevron sable, between three escalops gules. John Pollard, of Way and Horewood, esq., married Emma, daughter and coheir of Sir John Dodiscomb, knight, and had issue Walter ; who married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of WiUiam Cornu of Horewood, and had issue John ; who married Eleanor, daughter of John Copleston, of Cople- ston, esq., and had issue Walter, Robert, and Ann married to John Wood, of North-Tawton, esq. Walter Pollard, of Horewood, esq., married Joan, daughter and heir of Roger Barnes, of Barnshill in Ugborough, esq., and had issue Richard, and Lewis who died sans issue. Richard married Mar- garet, daughter of John Cockworthy, and had issue Anthony, and Marga- ret married to WiUiam Cruwys of Chulraleigh. Anthony married Petronel, daughter of James Chudlegh, of Ashton, esq., and had issue Richard, Ann, (married to Alexander WoUacomb, of WoUacomb, esq.;) Joan, (to Nicholas Ash, of Sowton, esq.;) Grace, (to John Burneby;) Mary, (to Eyer;) Alice, DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 553 (to Thomas Gay, of Goldsworthy, esq.;) Thomasin, (to Walter Babington.) Richard married Joan, daughter of Edward Bampfield, of Poltimore, esq., and had issue Anthony, William, Henry, John, Alexander, Ann, (married to Hugh Bury, of Coleton, esq.;) Petronel, Ursula, Francis, and Elizabeth. Anthony married Elizabeth, daughter of Lewis Stukeley, of AfFeton, esq., and had issue. POLLARD, of Knowston-Beauple, gent. — Arms. — Argent, a chevron sable, between three escalops gules. Robert Pollard, second son of John, son of Walter, son of John of Way and Horewood, esq., married Agnes, daughter of Lewknor, of Sussex, esq., and had issue Lewis ; who married Agnes, daughter of Thomas Hext, of Kingston in Staverton, and had issue Hugh, Richard, John, Robert, Antho- ny, George, Ehzabeth, Jane, Agnes, Thomasin, and Philippa. Robert Pollard, fourth son of Thomas, married, first Agnes, daughter of Richard Chichester, of Ralegh, esq., and had issue Hugh, Richard, and Lewis ; secondly Ehzabeth, daughter of John Holbeam, of Holbeam, esq. Hugh married Dorothy, daughter of William Dillon, of Chimwell, esq., and had issue Henry. WISE, of South-Sydenham, knight of the Bath. — Arms. — Sable, three chevrons, ermine. John Wise married Thomasin, daughter of Sir Baldwin Fulford and Jane his wife, daughter and heir of Bozome, [of Bozome's-Hele in the parish of Dittisham,] and had issue Ahce, married to James Russell, father of John Russell, Earl of Bedford. John Wise, esq., married, first Mary, daugh- ter of James Chudlegh, of Ashton, esq., and had issue James, Nicholas, and Ann married to Drew of Cornwall ; secondly Dorothy, daughter of Leigh, and had issue Thomas and Pierce ; thirdly Ann, daughter of Sir George Matthew in Wales, and had issue Leonard and Ehzabeth. James Wise, esq., married Alice, daughter of John Dinham, of Wortham, esq., and had issue John, George, Phihppa, (married to Hugh Person ;) and Margery. John Wise, esq., married Alice, daughter of John Harris, of Hayne in the parish of Lifton, esq., and had issue Thomas, John, James, Charles, Arke- nold, Elizabeth, Ahce, Dorothy, Mary, and Ann. Thomas married Mary, daughter of Richard BuUer, of Shillingham in Cornwall, esq., and of Mar- garet his wife, daughter and coheir to Thomas Trethurfe of Cornwall, and the rehct of Edward Courtenay, of Wotton in Cornwall, and had issue. 554 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. LIPPINCOT, of Lippincot, and Wibbery in the parish of Alverdiscot, esq. — Arms. — Per fess embattled gules and sable, three leopards passant. John Lippincot, of Lippincot, esq., married Jane, daughter of John Wibbery of Wibbery, sister and coheir to William Wibbery, (John, the father, was son of Thomas and Emma his wife, son and heir of Baldwin, who was son and heir of OHver, son and heir of Gilbert Wibbery,) and had issue John. John Lippincot, of Lippincot and Wibbery, married a daugh- ter of Weeks, and had issue WilUam that died sans issue, John, EUzabeth, (married to William Giffard, of Wear-GifFard, esq.;) and Eleanor, (to Chip- man.) John, second son and heir, married Jane, daughter of John Lapslod of Sidbury, and had issue Philip, Thomas, Lewis, William, John, and Ann married to John Harlewin of Sidmouth. Philip Lippincot, of Wibbery, esq., married, first Alice, daughter and coheir of Richard Gough, of Kirk- ham in Cornwedl, and had issue John, and Jane married to John Butler, son and heir of Philip Butler ; secondly Jane, daughter of Larder, of Pynes in the parish of Upton-Pyne, and had issue Edmund, Henry, Arthur, Ann, (married to John Vyny;) Margaret, (to Hugh Restorick of Cornwall :) third- ly Alice, daughter of John Dyrrant of Eamescomb. John Lippincot, esq., married Ann, daughter and coheir of Roger Elford of Shipstor, and had is- sue John, Anthony, Margaret, (married to Robert Heme in Wales ;) Fran- ces, (to Anthony Berry, of Eastleigh ; secondly to Alexander Rolle, third son of John Rolle, of Stevenstone, esq.;) Mary, (to John CoUamore, of West Hagington in Ilfracombe. John Lippincot, son and heir, married Barbara, daughter of Digory Grenvile, of Penheale in Cornwall, esq., and had issue Arthur, (who married Mary, daughter of Thomas Leigh, of Northam, esq., sine prole ;) secondly Sibil, daughter of Richard Halse of Kenedon, esq., and had issue Mary, (married to Nicholas Flamank, of Bokarne in the parish of Bodmin, Corn- wall ;) Honor, (to Richard Copleston, of Northlegh in Cornwall ; secondly to Humphrey Prouz, of Chagford, esq.;) Barbara, (to Christopher Cock, of Camelford in Cornwall :) thirdly he married Joan, daughter of Peard of Barnstaple, the relict of Punchard of Barnstaple, and had issue George ; who married Nazareth, daughter of William Huish, parson of Kilkhampton in Cornwall, of the house of Sand in Sidbury, and hath issue William ; who married a sister of Sir John Fitz-James, of Lewson, near Sherborne in Dorsetshire, knight, and had issue John, George, Arthur, and Charles. John Lippincot, esq., married . DEVONSHlRp; FAMILIES. 555 COOKE, of Thorne in the parish of Ottery St. Mary, esq. — Arms. — Ermine on a bend cotized sable, three cats passant or. Henry Cooke, of Exeter, married Joan, sister and heir to Roger Thorn of Thorn, and had issue Christopher. Christopher Cooke, of Thorn, married Jeanette, daughter and heir of John Hake and Jeanette his wife, daughter and coheir of Nicholas Radway in Sidbury, and had issue John, Joan, (mar- rid to Giffard of Yeo;) Margaret a nun, and Elizabeth died young. John married Elizabeth, daughter of Giffard of Yeo, and had issue John, Ralph, Richard, Joan, (married to Gregory Cary;) Elizabeth, (to Michael Whyt- ing ;) Agnes, (to Roger Michel of Topsham.) John married Margaret, daughter of Stephen Daniel, of Charmouth, Dorset, and had issue William, Katharine, (married to Robert Vaughan ;) Mary, (to James Stoford.) Wil- liam married Mary, daughter and coheir of John Kelway, Ann married WiUiam Harwood and after John Wadham ; Agnes married Henry Wal- rond of Cullompton, and had issue Christopher, Humphrey, John, Katha- rine, (married to John Mansel, of North-Petherton in Somerset ;) Dorothy, Mary, Margaret, Maud, and Ann. Christopher married Margaret, daughter of Richard Garland, of Whitfield in the parish of Marwood, and had issue Christopher ; who married, first Mary, daughter of John Evelegh of Hol- comb, in Ottery St. Mary, esq., sans issue ; secondly a daughter of Cople- ston, of Woodland in Little-Torrington, (she was after married to Richard Sherman of Ottery St. Mary,) and had issue John ; who married a daugh- ter of Richard Sherman of Ottery St. Mary, esq., sans issue. CLOBERRY, of Bradston, esq. — Arms. — Argent, a chevron between three bats displayed sable. William Cloberry, lord of the manor of Bradston, married and had issue Roger ; who married and had issue Roger ; who married Margaret, daugh- ter of Argentin, and had issue Thomas, John, Margaret. Thomas married Joan, daughter of Peter Edgcomb, esq., and cUed sans issue. John Clober- ry, esq., (second son and heir,) married and had issue Roger ; who married and had issue John; who married and had issue Henry; who married Joan, daughter of Huish, and had issue John, James, Henry, Jane. [Sir John Cloberry, knight, a younger brother of this family, was an ex- cellent soldier in Scotland under General Monk, with whom he came into England and was very instrumental in the restoration of King Charles H., for which his majesty knighted him and conferred some profitable places 556 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. upon him ; after which he resided at Winchester, where he died and Heth interred.] BARRY, of Winscot. — Arms. — Argent, two bars gules. John Barry, of Winscot, esq., (descended of the T^ord Barry of Ireland,) married Ann, daughter of Patrick Bellew, of Alverdiscot, esq., and had is- sue Henry, Hugh, Elizabeth, (married to John Dennis, of Gotesland in Buckland Brewer ;) Isot, (to John Avery, of Bodmin, Cornwall.) Henry married Margaret, daughter of Nicholas Speccot, esq., and had issue Mi- chael, William, Henry, Lawrence, Ann. Michael, son and heir, married Joan, daughter of George Pollard, of Langley, esq., and had issue Thoma- sin, married to John Tripcony, of Gulvall in Cornwall. Hugh Barry, second son of John, married Ahce, daughter and coheir of Richard Weeks of Bindon, and had issue Alexander, Giles, John, Ann, Margaret. FLOYER, of Floyers-Hayes in the parish of St. Thomas, esq.; now of Dorset. — Arms. — Sable, a chevron between three broad arrows argent. Richard Floyer, of Floyers-Hayes, esq., had issue Nicholas ; who had is- sue Richard, who had issue John, who had issue Roger, who had issue John, who had issue John, who had issue WiUiam, who had issue John, who had issue John, who had issue William, who had issue John, who had issue John. John Floyer (the thirteenth descendant of that name and house,) married a daughter and heir of Bash, and had issue William ; who married PhUippa, daughter and coheir of Crooke of Wiltshire, and had issue John, Elizabeth, (married to John Wilford of London ;) Jane, (to Maynard of London.) John married Jane, daughter of John Carew, of Antony in Cornwall, esq., and had issue WiUiam, Thomas, Baldwin a priest, Martha, (married to Thomas Stowel of Somerset ;) Thomasin, (to Richard Copleston of Ot- terham and Woodland, third son of Ralph Copleston, of Copleston, esq. WiUiam Floyer, esq., married EUzabeth, daughter and heir of WiUiam Kirke, son and heir of Gilbert Kirke, twice mayor of Exeter, 1530 and 1539, and had issue Anthony, Charles sans issue, Mary, (married to John Huckmore of Buckland ; secondly to Trehane;) Margaret, (to Arthur Halse, a younger brother of Kenedon house ;) Elizabeth, (to Geare of Heavitree ;) Ann, (to Freeman Irish of Dorset.) Anthony married Amy, daughter and one of the coheirs (first EUzabeth, married to Sir John Hannum of Kent, DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 557 second Richard of the Isle of Wight, third Frances to Thomas Whyte of Piddle-Ford in Dorset ;) of Nicholas Martin, of Adminston in Dorset, esq., and had issue Anthony, William, John. Anthony, son and heir, married Eleanor, daughter of Sir William Pole, of Colcombe in Colyton, knight, and hath issue. Thomas Floyer, of Totnes, (second son of John,) married Joan, second daughter of Sir Thomas Pomeroy, knight, and had issue John, George, both sans issue ; Pentecost, (married to Wreford of Silverton ;) Mary, (to Sum- mers, of Market- Jew in Cornwall.) BISHOP, of Choldash, gent. — Arms. — Gules on three lozenges argent, three eaglets displayed sable. Gilbert Bishop, of Choldash, married Katharine, daughter of Adam Bull, (alias Young,) of Loveton, and had issue Matthew ; who married Alice, and had issue WiUiam ; who married Margery, and had issue Nicholas ; who married a daughter of Robert Kingston of Sele-Monachorum, and had issue Robert, Matthew. Robert married, first Clase, daughter and heir of Nicholas Bishop of Winkleigh, and had issue Nicholas who died sans issue; secondly Elizabeth, daughter of Viell, and had issue John, and Ehzabeth married to Richard Kingston ; thirdly Margaret, daughter of Thorn, and had issue Richard, Joan, (married to Henry Upright ;) Ellen, (to William Long ;) Alice, (to John Marwood ;) Margaret, and Claris. John married Agnes, daughter of John Leigh (alias Rudge) of Bishops-Nymet, and had issue Roger, Ann, (married to Robert Underbill of Coleridge ;) Wilmot, (to Thomas Bowen.) Roger married Ellen, daughter of John Courtenay, of Molland, esq., and had issue William. WYKES, of North- Wyke in the parish of South-Tawton, and of Cock- atree, esq. — Arms. — Ermine, three battle-axes sable. William Wykes, of North- Wyke, married Katharine, daughter and co- heir of John Burnell, of Cockatree, esq., and had issue Richard, and Roger of Bindon in Axmouth. Richard married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir (one married to Oliver Huish of Deneford, Somerset ; another to Holcomb) of John Avenell (alias Aunell) of Black-Pool, and had issue William ; who married and had issue William, Margaret, (married to Simon Whyddon of Chagford ;) Joan, (to Richard Tavernour of South-Tawton.) William married Jane, daughter of William Prideaux, of Theuborough, esq., and had issue John, Richard, William, and Jane married to John Baren. John 4b 558 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of William Spicknell, of Chicheston in Somerset, and had issue John ; who married Mary, daughter of Sir Ro- ger Giffard. of Brightlegh, knight, and had issue Roger, Mark, Wilham, John, Erkenwold, Walter, Christopher, Edith, (married to Arthur Harris, brother to Sir Thomas Harris, knight, sergeant- at-law ;) Gertrude, Honor. William, the third son of John, married a daughter of Gough, parson of Drewsteignton. Roger married Jane, daughter of Parker, of London, merchant, and had issue John, Mary, (married to Nicholas Fursdon of Fursdon, eldest son of George Fursdon of Cadbury;) Frances, (to John Berry, of Crascombe in the parish of Martin-Hoo ;) Katharine, (to WilUam Fursdon, brother of Nicholas Fursdon.) John Wykes, of North- Wyke and Cockatree, esq., married Grace, daughter of Arthur Arscot, of Tetcot, esq., and hath issue. WYKES, of Bindon in Axmouth. — Arms. — A chevron ermine between three barnacles sable. Roger Wvkes, second son of William, changed his mother BumeU's coat by the chevron, and had given him by Nicholas Bach, 7th Henry IV., the manor of Bindon ; he married and had issue John ; secondly he married Jane, daughter and heir of Bisset, by whom he had Radbours in Dorset du- ring her hfe. John married Joan, daughter of John Camill of Shapwick, and had issue John ; who married Ehzabeth, daughter of Lite, of Lites- Cary in Somerset, issue John, Richard. John married a daughter of Sir William Hody, and had issue Wilham ; who married a daughter of Gary and died sans issue. Richard, uncle and heir to WiUiam, married a daughter of Somaster, and had issue four daughters, (the first married to Anthony GiflFard, the second to Mark Hays, Alice to Hugh Barry, Mary to Walter Erie.) TREVILLIAN, of Nettlecomb in Somerset, and Yarnscomb in Devon, esq. — Arms. — Gules, a sea-horse argent issuing out of the waves, party per fess wavy argent and azure. Thomas Trevillian, of Nettlecomb, esq., married Lucy, and had issue John ; who married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Thomas Whalisborow and Maud his wife, daughter and heir of Sir William Bowes, knight ; which Thomas was son and heir of John and Jane his wife, daughter and heir of Simon Ralegh, son and heir of Sir John Ralegh, of Nettlecomb- Ra- legh, Somerset, knight, and had issue John, Thomas, Nicholas, George a priest, Humphrey. John married Jane, daughter of Sir John Halwel, DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 559 knight, and had issue John, Thomas. John married Avis, daughter and heir of Nicholas Cockworthy and Margaret his wife, one of the daughters and coheirs (the first was married to Fortescue, the second to Monk of Potheridge,) of Richard Champernon, of Inswork in the parish of Maker, esq., and of his wife, daughter and heir of Sir John Hamley, of Hamley, knight, and of his wife, daughter and heir of Sir Humphrey Talbot, knight; which Richard Champernon was son and heir of Humphrey, son and heir of Thomas, son and heir of Humphrey and Joan his wife, daughter and heir of Ralph Valletort (Roger Valletort married Joan, daughter and coheir of Re- ginald, Earl of Cornwall ;) and of Joan his wife, [he had no issue by his wife Margaret,] daughter and heir of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, Lord of Insworth ; son of Richard, King of the Romans, second son of John, King of England ; which John and Avis had issue John, Thomas, John, Joan, (married to WiUiam Larder, of Pynes in Upton-Pyne, esq.;) Dorothy, (to Nicholas Tucker.) Thomas TreviUian, of Yarnscomb, esq., (second son of John,) married Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Hatch, of South-Molton, esq., and had issue Hugh, Bartholomew, Nicholas, William, George, Henry, Lewis, Anthony, Dorothy, Avis, Ann, Alice, Agnes. SEWARD, of Stokeinteignhead, gent. — Arms. — Gules, on a fess or be- tween two chevrons, ermine, three leopards' faces azure. WiUiam Seward, of Combintelgnhead, married Joan, daughter and heir of Thomas Baron of Stokeinteignhead, and Isabel his wife, daughter and heir of Walter Wykes, and had issue John, Robert, Christopher. John Seward, of Stokeinteignhead, married Eleanor, daughter and heir to Thomas Kym- worthy of Alverdiscot, and had issue William, John, Joan. William mar- ried Maud, daughter of John Byngley of Stoke- Gabriel, and had issue Wil- liam ; who married Eleanor, daughter of John Norris of Broadwood-Kellj', and had issue Agnes and Winifred. DUKE, of Poer-Hayes in Budleigh, of Ottery St. Mary, of Prinne, and of Otterton, esq. — Arms. — Per fess argent and azure, three chaplets coun- terchanged crescent. Richard Duke, of Poer-Hayes, (son and heir of Cecily, daughter and heir of Robert Poer of Poer-Hayes,) married and had issue Richard ; who mar- ried and had issue Richard and Henry. Henry married Maud, daughter of Roger Whyte of Ottery St. Mary, and had issue Richard, John. 560 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Richard Duke, of Ottery St. Mary, esq., (sheriff of Devon 1565,) married, first a daughter of John Frank of Yorkshire, issue Christian, married to George Brook, second son to George, Lord Cobham ; secondly he married Joan, daughter to John Hobby of London, issue Richard, who died young. John Duke, of Prinne, (brother of Richard and second son of Henry of Ottery St. Mary,) married, first EUen, daughter of Thomas Widdleton, and had issue Gilbert, Richard, Thomas sans issue, Joan, Edith ; secondly Ag- nes, daughter of John Grindal, of London, merchant, the relict of Parker of Lindon, Sprint, and Grast, and had issue Roger, Alexander, sans issue. Richard Duke, of Otterton, (second son and heir,) married Katharine, daughter of George Prideaux, of Nutwell, sergeant-at-law, and had issue Richard, Robert, Martha, (married to Hugh Chichester of Widworthy;) Joan, (to Nicholas Stonehouse of Kent ;) Margaret, (to Nicholas Putt ;) secondly he married and had issue Humphrey, Thomas, Ann, (married to Elias Bartlet, of Branscomb ;) Mary unmarried, Frances, (wife to Philip Channon of Hayne in Ottery St. Mary;) Ehzabeth, (to Humphrey Walrond.) PhiUppa (bv his first wife,) was married to Arthur Harris. Richard Duke, of Otterton, son and heir, married Margaret, daughter of Sir Arthur Basset, of Heanton, knight, and hath issue Richard, Robert, Arthur, Humphrey, Basset, Thomas, John, Ehzabeth, Frances. Richard, son and heir, married . Robert, second son of Richard, (on whom he settled his land, for that his eldest son, Richard, matched against his will and consent,) married Sarah, daughter of Richard Reynell, of Creedy-Widger, esq., and hath issue Richard and Mary. Robert Duke, second son of Richard, married Ehzabeth, daughter of Ro- bert Colhns of Ottery St. Mary, and hath issue Robert, William, Grace. HANDCOCK, of Comb-Martin, esq. — Arms. — Gules, on a chief argent three cocks of the first. Wnham Handcock married, first Ann, daughter and coheir of John de Gaimt, of Lamberts- Castle, Dorset, and had issue Petronel, married to An- thony Randal, of Kentisbury, esq.; secondly Joan, daughter of Edward Balsh of Kentisbury, and had issue Edward, Jane, (married to Henry Par- minter of Ilfracombe ;) Ehzabeth, (to Preston of Upottery.) Edward (clerk of the assizes,) married Dorothy, daughter of Sir Amias Bampfield, of Pol- timore, knight, and had issue WiUiam ; who married a daughter of Gabriel Newman, of London, goldsmith, and had issue, and died 1626. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 561 TRELAWNY, of Pool in Menheniot, Cornwall. — Arms. — Arg., a chev- ron sable, between three oak leaves vert. William Trelawny married Joan, daughter and heir of Richard Dernel (alias Dipnel) and of his wife, daughter and coheir of William de Tregirla (the second was married to Robert Heligan ; Joan, the third, to John St. Winnow, who had a daughter and heir married to Barry;) and of Joan his wife, daughter of William and sister and heir of John Becket of Bodmin ; which William de Tregirla was son and heir of William and Isabel his wife, daughter and heir of Nicholas, son and heir of John Becket, and had issue Sir John Trelawny; who married and had issue John, Richard, and Joan wife of Thomas Uppetou. John married Joan, daughter and heir of Nicho- las Heligan, son and heir of John, son and heir of William, son and heir of Robert and of his wife, daughter and heir of Tregirla, and had issue John. WORTH, of Exeter, Compton-Poole, and Barnstaple, gent. — Arms. — An eagle displayed with two heads sable, depressed with a bar gules, thereon a crescent, Roger Worth, of Exeter, (late mayor,) esq., married and had issue John. John Worth, of Compton-Pool, esq., married and had issue Gates ; who married Alice, daughter of John Mylleton, of Meavy, esq., and had issue John, Roger. John married Agnes, daughter of John Bodlegh, of Duns- comb in Crediton, and had issue John, and Joan married to Richard Mid- dleton of Crediton. John Worth, of Crediton, married Julyan, daughter of Robert Clark of Crediton, and had issue John, Robert, William, George. John, son and heir, married EUen, daughter of Thomas Harvey, and hath issue John, Robert sans issue, Richard, Thomas. Roger Worth, of Barnstaple, (second son of Oates,) married Jane, daugh- ter of Henry Drew of Barnstaple, and had issue Paul, Walter, John, Ann, (married to Richard Peard of Barnstaple ;) Honor to Richard Oliver ;) Isa- bel, (to Holland of Barnstaple, baker ;) Grace, (to Gay of Barnstaple ;) Joan, (to WoodrofF of Dorset.) Paul married Grace, daughter of John Dart (alias WaUis) of Barnstaple, and had issue John, Mary, (married to How of Ashford;) Dorothy, and Katharine, both married: secondly he married Joan, daughter of John Down of Pilton. John married Philippa, daughter of John Prouz, of Chagford, esq., and hath issue John. NOBLE, of Exeter and Belston. — Arms. — Or, two lions passant gules, between two flanches azure, on a bar of the second three bezants. 562 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Thomas Noble, of Exeter, married a daughter of John Kent, and had is- sue John, and Joan married to Mungwell, of Liskeard in Cornwall. John Noble, of Belston, married Margaret, daughter of John Bragg, and had is- sue William, John, Hugh, Richard, Agnes, (married to Gregory, a priest ;) Elizabeth, (to Thomas Dodge.) WiUiam Noble, of Bishops-Teignton, married Margaret, daughter of John Whitbom, and had issue Joan. FRY, of Pawlet in Somerset, and Exeter, gent. — Arms. — Vert, a fleur- de-lis or, between three horses coursant argent, bridled, of the second. William Fry, of Pawlet, married and had issue Thomas ; who married and had issue Thomas ; who married Joan, daughter and coheir of Gal- hampton, and had issue Robert, William, Margaret. Robert Fry, of Exeter, married Jane, daughter of Walter Wrey of Bridestow, and had issue. COLINS, of Barons-DowTi. — Arms. — Azure, three firebrands or. Colins married a daughter of Evelegh, and had issue Colins parson of Huish, who married a daughter of Dewly, of Holcony in Oxford- shire, and had issue Roger, a daughter mamed to Sir John Dowdal, of Ire- land, knight ; another to Parson. Roger married a daughter of Andrew Meyrick, of Queens-Camel in Somerset, and hath issue. STAVELEY, of East-Buckland and Sidbury, gent. — Arms. — Argent, on a chevron between three lozenges azure three bucks' faces, or. John Staveley, of Staveley, Yorkshire, married Christian, daughter of Thomas Rocher, and had issue John. John Staveley, of East-Buckland, married Joan, daughter and coheir of Lapelode, and bad issue Bartholo- mew, Richard, and Ellen married to Henry Huisb of Sand. Bartholomew Staveley, of Sidbury, married Joan, daughter of Sedborough, and had is- sue Robert and WiUiam. Richard Staveley, of East-Buckland, (second son of John,) married Ann, daughter of John Richards of Roborough, and had issue Charles, Bartholo- mew, John, Anthony, Ellen, Mary, Christian, Grace, Joan. (It should seem he had his children by a daughter of Davy of Eberley.) Charles mar- ried and had issue Richard, Anthony, John, Margaret, Grace. SAVERY, of Totnes. — Arms. — Gules, a fess vairy between three uni- corns' heads couped or. Richard Savery, of Great-Totnes, married Agnes, daughter of Bucking- DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 563 ton, and had issue Nicholas, Christopher. Nicholas married Joan, daugh- ter of WnUam Giles, of Bowdon, esq., and had issue Richard, John, Giles, Joan, Agnes. Christopher married Frideswid, daughter of John Serving- ton of Tavistock, and had issue Richard, Agnes, Katharine. Christian Sa- very, daughter to Richard, married Thomas Martyn, mayor of Totnes, and hath issue Richard, WUliam, Thomas, Nicholas, Henry, Christopher, Peter, John, Walter, Allen, Agnes. CLOTWORTHY, of Clotworthy.— Simon Clotworthy. esq., married Mary, daughter of John Rashley of Fowey, and had issue ut prius Joseph, and Jane married to William Slee, second son of Slee of Tiverton, mer- chant; secondly Simon married Martha, daughter of Rolle, of Heanton, esq., the relict of Hearle, in Cornwall, esq., sans issue. Anthony Clotworthy, of Hatch near South -Molton, (second son of Thomas Clotworthy and Ibot Rashley,) married and had issue Richard parson of George-Nymet, John parson of Cheriton-Fitzpain, (who married a daugh- ter of Gillard and had issue John ;) Bartholomew of Meshaw, (who married Sibel, daughter of Amias Stukeley, sans issue ;) Anthony. SLANNING, of Ley in the parish of Bicklegh, gent. — Akms. — Argent, two pales engrailed gules, on a dexter azure, three griffins' heads erazed or, Nicholas Slanning, of Ley, married a daughter and heir of Nichols at Ley, and had issue WUUam and John. William married Jane, daughter and heir of William Horeston of De-la- Will, and had issue Nicholas, John, Nicholas, (married to Robert SneUing of Plympton ;) Elizabeth, (to Thomas OlyfF of Southcliff.) Nicholas married Ehzabeth, daughter of Thomas Maynard of Sherford, and had issue Nicholas, Wilham, John, Thomas. Nicholas Slanning, of Bicklegh, esq., son and heir, married Margaret, daughter of Henry Champernon, of Modbury, esq., and had issue Gamaliel, son and heir, (of Ley,) who married and had issue Nicholas. Sir Nicholas Slanning, knight, 1631, married a daughter of Sir James Bagge, of Ply- mouth, knight, and hath issue. EVELEGH, of West-Evelegh, Clist St. Lawrence, and Holcomb in Ot- tery St. Mary, esq. — Arms. — Per fess or and sable, two chevrons between three griflSns segreant counterchanged. John Evelegh, of West-Evelegh, married Margaret, daughter of John Churchill of Brockwell, and had issue Thomas, 564 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Thomas Evelegh, of Clist St. Lawrence married Thomasin, daughter of Michael Moor of Clist St. Lawrence, and had issue John. John Evelegh, of Holcomb, esq., married, first Alice, daughter of Henry Collins of Ottery St. Mary, and had issue Robert, Ehzabeth, (married to Richard Calmady of Farway;) Margaret, (to William Lental of Munckton;) secondly Joan, daughter of John Southcot, of Bovey-Tracey, esq., and had issue George sans issue, Richard, John, Nicholas, Thomas, Sir James, Jo- sias, Peter sans issue, Mary, (married to Christopher Cooke, of Ottery St. Mary, esq.;) Margaret, (to Sir Edmund Sand, of Norton in Kent ;) Joan, (to Richard Sherman.) Robert Evelegh married a daughter of Robert Carswell, of Colyton, esq., died sans issue. George married Ann, daughter and heir of Servington, of Tavistock, and of his wife, daughter and heir of Charles of Tavistock, sans issue ; secondly he married Lucy, daughter of Brown, of Stratton in War- wickshire, and had issue George, and Frances married to John Easton, of Easton in Bishops-Morchard. George married Bridget, daughter of George Fursdon, of Fursdon in Cadbury, sans issue ; secondly he married and had issue George. John Evelegh married, in Oxford, Prudence, daughter of Doctor Barnes, and had issue. Nicholas married Alice, daughter and heir of Bray of Northampton, and died sans issue. Thomas married Julyan, daughter of Peacock of Tale-Court in PUmtree, and had issue. James married Susan, daughter of Brutton of Exeter, the relict of Giles Ford of Plimtree : and Charles Evelegh, his brother, married and had issue a daughter. Josias married. GAY, of Goldsworthy in Parkham, esq. — Arms. — Or, on a fess sable be- tween three escalops azure a bar of five lozenges argent. John Gay, married and had issue Anthony, Thomas. Anthony, son and heir, married a daughter of Inet, and had issue Thomas, Joan. Thomas married Alice, daughter of Anthony Pollard, of Horwood, esq., and had is- sue John, Edward, William, Gregory, Eleanor, Christian, Prudence, Petro- nel. John married a daughter of Welsh of Barnstaple. Thomas Gay, second son of John, married and had issue Thom§is. PARKER, of Exeter, gent. — Arms. — Sable, a hart's face within two flanches argent. William Parker, (alias Jorden,) second son of Thomas Parker, and bro- DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 565 ther to John Parker of Northmoltoti, married Elizabeth, daughter to John Lane of Exeter, and had issue John. ESTON, of Eston in the parish of Morchard- Bishop, and Kingston and Barnstaple, gent. — Arms. — Per chevron, gules and or, three sea-serpents counterchanged crowned or. John Eston, of Eston, married and had issue John, Richard, and Edward. John married and had issue John, Thomas, John, and Jane married to Wil- Ham Winslade. John the eldest son, Thomas of Exeter the second, and John of Taunton, all three died sans issue. Richard Eston, of Branscomb, (second son of John,) married and had is- sue Richard. Richard Eston, of Kingston in Somerset, married Margaret, daughter of John Towell, of Rawlescombe, Somerset, and had issue John, and John. John Eston, of Kingston, (eldest son of Richard,) married Alice, daughter of William Richards of Churchenford, and had issue John. John Eston, of Eston, married Christian, daughter of George Michel, of Cleave in Somerset, and had issue John, George and William both sans issue, Ma- ry, (married to Christopher Eastcot of Somerset ;) Mabel, (to Robert Dow- rish, third son of Thomas Dowrish, of Dowrish, esq.;) Jane, (to Eastcot, brother to Christopher Eastcot ; secondly to John Spurrier of Porlock ;) Grace, (to Matthew a minister ;) Agnes, (to Thomas Stone.) John, son and heir, married Margaret, daughter of Sir John Arundell, of Chideock in Dorset, knight, and had issue John, Thomas, Mary, (married to Tatters- hal ;) Ann, Constance, Margaret, Christian. John, son and heir, married Frances, daughter of George Evelegh, of Holcomb in Ottery St. Mary, esq., and hath issue. GEARE, of Heavitree, gent. — Arms. — Gules, on two bars or six mascles azure voyded ; a canton of the se- cond charged with a leopard's face of the third. Walter Geare married Alice, daughter of John Somaster, of Painsford, esq., and had issue John, and Julyan married to William Hurst of Exeter. John married, first Ahce, daughter of John Trobridge, of Crediton, esq., and had issue John ; secondly he married Joan, daughter of Richard Stowel, of Coldeston in Somerset, and had issue Andrew, Mary, Ann. John mafried, first Julyan, daughter of Anthony Budokeside, of St. Budeaux, esq., and had issue John and Mary; secondly he married Beatrix, daughter of John Jermyn of Exeter, and had issue Nicholas, Andrew, George, Alice. 4c 566 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. John Geare, of Hollaway in the parish of Kenn, married Elizabeth, daughter of Bartholomew Eurrington of Ideford, and had issue John, Bar- tholomew, George, Humphrey, Jane, (married to John Long of Kenn ;) , (married to Richard Waltham of Sowton ;) Mary, (to Lamacraft of Kenn ;) Bridget, (to John Waltham, of Brenton in Exminster.) John Geare, of Hollaway, married Mary, daughter of Gilbert Yard, of Bradley in the parish of High- week, esq., and hath issue. KENISHAM of Brixton. — John, of Blaston, married a daughter of Ne- vU, and had issue , and Thomas who married Alice, daughter of Strode of Plympton, and had issue Robert, and Richard. Richard (second son,) married Joan, daughter of John Cockfleet of Cock- fleet, issue Richard. Richard (of Brixton,) married Ehzabeth, daughter of Parker of Plympton, issue John, George, and Alice married to Payne. John married Thomasin, daughter of John Lych of Southam, and had issue Rich- ard and John both sans issue, and George ; secondly he married Thomasin, daughter of Ilcom, and had issue Joan, married. John Kensham, of Grays- Inn, married Alice, daughter of John Crocker, of Lynham, esq., GILBERT, of Compton in the parish of Marldon. — Arms. — Argent, on a chevron three roses of the field leafed proper. Thomas Gilbert married Amy, and had issue Jeffry; who married Jane, daughter and coheir of William Compton, of Compton, esq., and had issue William ; who married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Oliver Champer- non, esq., and of Egelin his wife, daughter and Coheir of Hugh Valetort, of Tamerton, esq., and had issue William ; who married Isabel, daughter of William Gambon, of Moreston, esq., and had issue Gates, (sheriff of Devon ]5th Edward IV.;) who married Elizabeth, daughter of John Hill, of Shil- ston in Modbury, esq., and had issue John, Thomas, Gates, Jeffry, Ehzabeth married to Sir Thomas Grenvile, of Stow in Cornwall, knight, and had is- sue Roger Grenvile. John Gilbert, esq,, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Crocker, of Lynham, knight, sans issue. Thomas Gilbert, esq., (second son,) married Isabel, daughter and heir of John Reynward of Cornwall, and had issue Sir John, Sir Humphrey, Adrian, Katharine, married to George Ralegh, son and heir to Walter Ralegh, of Fardel, esq. ; secondly he married Katharine, daughter of Philip Champernon of Modbury, the rehct of Walter Ralegh of Fardel. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES, 567 Sir John Gilbert, knight, (custos rotulorum of Devon,) married EHza- beth, daughter of Sir Richard Chudlegh, of Ashton, knight, sans issue. Sir Humphrey married . WREY, of Wrey, North-Trussell, and Bicton hi Devon, and Trebigh in Cornwall, knight. — Arms. — Sable, a fess between three battle axes argent, handles, gules. Walter Wrey, of Wrey, (brother to Thomas Wrey,) married and had is- sue Robert. Robert Wrey, of North-Trussell, married Constance, daugh- ter of John Shilston, and had issue, Walter, Thomas, Wilham, Robert, and Alice married to John Glanvile. Walter married Bridget, daughter of Ro- bert Shilston, and had issue John, and Jane first married to John Weeks of Cock-Tree, secondly to Thomas Walcot of Exeter, thirdly to Robert Fry of Exeter. John married Blanch, daughter and coheir of Henry KiUegrew, of Wolston in Cornwall, esq., and had issue John, WiUiam, Edmund, Ro- bert, George, Arthur, Jane, and Philippa second wife to William Upton of Puslinch, and all had issue. Sir WiUiam Wrey, of Trebigh in Cornwall, knight, (second son and heir of John, married Elizabeth, second daughter of Sir William Courtenay, of Powderham, knight, and hath issue Sir William, knight, son and heir ; who married Ann, daughter of Sir Edward Chichester, knight, (Baron Chichester of Belfast in Ireland and Viscount Knockfergus,) and had issue Sir Chiches- ter Wrey, bart.; who married Ann, youngest daughter of Edward Bour- chier. Earl of Bath, living at Tawstock, the rehct of James Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex, (the eldest, Elizabeth, was married to Basil, Earl of Denbigh, Dorothy to Thomas, Lord Grey, of Groby, eldest son of Hensart of Slan- ford,) and had issue Sir Bourchier, and Chichester. Sir Bourchier Wrey, bart. and knight of the Bath at the coronation of King Charles II., married Florence, daughter of Sir John Rolle, of Stevenstone, knight of the Bath, and died 1695, leaving issue Sir Bourchier Wrey, of Tawstock, bart. GALE, of Dartmouth and Crediton. — Arms. — Azure, a fess argent, fret- ty of the field. WilUam Gale, of Dartmouth, esq., married and had issue Thomas ; who married Joan, daughter of Gilbert Yard, of Bradley, esq., and had issue Gil- bert, Thomas, (who had issue Thomas and William who died without issue,) and Alice married to Thomas Prestwood of Exeter, secondly to John Bod- legh of Exeter. 568 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Gilbert Gale, of Crediton, esq., married Christian, daughter of Henry- Bishop of Crediton, and had issue John, George, and Margery married to Anthony Randal of Plymouth. John married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Philip Butler of Woodhall, of Herefordshire, knight, and died sans issue. George, brother and heir, (justice of the peace for Devon,) married Katha- rine, daughter of Sir Edward Marbury, of Lincolnshire, knight, and had is- sue Gilbert sans issue, Thomas, George, and three others. Thomas Gale, of Crediton, (second son and heir,) married , PROUZ, of Gidlegh and Eastervale in Chagford, and Comb-Martin, esq. — Arms. — Sable, three lions rampant argent, within a bordure engrailed argent. Peter Prouz married Mary, daughter and heir of William Rivers, (alias de Vernon,) Earl of Devon, the relict of Sir Robert Courtenay, knight, and Ma- bel his wife, daughter of Robert, Earl of Meullin and Lord of Pont-Auda- mare, and of Maud his wife, second daughter and heir of Reginald, Earl of Cornwall, natural son of King Henry I., and had issue William Prouz; who married and had issue Walter ; who married a daughter of the Lord Din- ham and had issue Wilham ; who married a daughter and heir of Giles de Gidley and had issue Sir William, of Gidlegh, knight; who married Alice, daughter and heir of Sir Fulk Ferrers, of Throwley, knight, and of his wife, sister and coheir of Sir Robert Helion of Ashton, and had issue Sir Wil- ham, knight ; Richard Prouz, of Ashton, esq.; Sir Hugh Prouz, of Wid- worthy, knight; William of Eastervale and Westervale, esq. Sir Wilham Prouz, of Gidlegh, married and had issue Ahce, married to Sir Roger Mules, knight ; secondly to Sir John Damarel of Fleet-Damarel, by this means the principal house was possessed by the family of Mules. After this Gidlegh- Castle came to Walter Coad, who died 13th Edward IV., but his posterity yet continueth. Secondly Richard Prouz (second son of Sir Wilham of Gidlegh-Castle,) had, by gift of his father, Ashton, and had issue John who died sans issue, and Thomasin married to John Chudlegh, of Chudlegh, on whom her bro- ther settled Ashton, in which name it is now. Sir William Prouz married Alice, daughter and heir of Sir Hugh de Wid- worthy and of his first wife, coheir of Sir William Reygny, and had issue WDham, Richard of Ashton, Hugh of Widworthy, Wilham of Hayford, who had issue Julyan, married to Henry Wotton, issue Wilham, Harry. Wil- DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 569 liam Wotton married Guildred, daughter and heir of Widger, and had issue John of Widworthy ; who married Ingret, daughter of William Dimock, and had issue Alice, married to John Chichester of Ralegh. William Prouz, of Eastervale, (fourth son of Sir WiUiam of Gidlegh, and Alice Ferrers,) married Ellen, daughter of JefFry Pont of Eastervale, and had issue William ; who married Anstice, daughter and heir of Reginald Wada- cot of Chagford, and had issue John ; who married Maud, daughter and heir of John Cruwys of Ansty-Cruwys, (second son of Alexander Cniwys, of Cruwys-Morchard, knight,) and had issue John; who married Agnes, daugh- ter of Thomas Bampfield, of Poltimore, esq., and had issue Richard, Joan married to William Butshead. Richard married Margaret, daughter and heir of Wilham Norton, of Newton St. Cyres, and Brockhill in Broad- Clist, and had issue John ; who married Joan, daughter and heir of John Orchard, of West-CuUacomb in Comb-Martin, and had issue Lawrence, Christopher, John, Bartholomew, Patrick, Robert, Lawrence, Christopher of Withecomb, (who married Eleanor, daughter of John Sever, of Wytelston in Somerset;) and Joan, (married to WiUiam Budokeside.) Lawrence, son and heir, married Agnes, daughter of William Cole, of Colehanger, esq., and had is- sue John, William, Richard, and Katharine married to Trowbridge. John Prouz, of West-Challacomb, esq., married Agnes, daughter of Wil- liam Cob, of Norfolk, esq., and had issue John and Ehzabeth. John, of Eastervale, esq., married Margaret, daughter of John Southcot, of Bovey- Tracey, esq., clerk of the peace, issue John, Francis, Hugh, George sans issue, Mary married, Dorothy, (married to Paskan Blackmoor, of Tatch- comb in the parish of Trentishoe ;) Judith, (to Thomasin.) John Prouz, of West-Challacomb, esq., married Philippa, daughter of John Har- ris, of Lanrest in Cornwall, and had issue Humphrey, Nicholas, George sans issue, Margaret, (married to John Newcomb of Drewsteignton ;) Phi- lippa, (to John Worth of Barnstaple ;) Katharine (to Roger Rogers, of Wales, esq.;) Mary, (to Christopher Weeks, seventh son of John Weeks, of North- Week, esq., sans issue ;) Elizabeth, (to Davy Rogers, son and heir of Roger of Wales ;) and Ann. Humphrey Prouz, of Eastervale and Westervale, esq., married Katharine, daughter of Tristram Arscot, of Annery, esq., and hath issue Tristram. Christopher Prouz, (son of John of Withecomb,) married Eleanor, daugh- ter of John Fever, of Wilteston in Somerset, issue Peter, and Margaret 570 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. married to George Upton of Hole. Peter married Dorothy, daughter of John Brown of Langtree, issue John, Nicholas, Peter, Jane. COURTENAY, EARL OF DEVON.— Arms.— Or, three torteauxes, a label of three points azure. Rivers. — Or, a lion rampant azure, langued gules. Sir Reginald Courtenay came into England with Eleanor, daughter and heir to William, Duke of Aquitain, the fifth of that name, wife to King Hen- ry n., about 1152. He married Maud, daughter and heir of Robert Fitz- roy, natural son to King Henry I., and coheir of Maud his first wife, daughter and heir of Robert de Averanches, but he had by her no issue : he brought into England with him a son named WilUam, whom he had by a former wife. Courtenay, son of Sir Reginald, married Hawis, daughter and heir of the Lord de Aincourt and coheir of Maud his wife, daughter and heir of Robert de Averanches, (who married a daughter of Goodwin de Doll de Bury,) and of Emma his wife, daughter of Baldwin de Sap, Baron of Okehampton, (which honor was given him by the Conqueror : he was also named Bald- win de Brioniis, for he married Albreda, niece to the Conqueror :) and co- heir to Richard her brother who died sans issue, and the issue of her for- mer husband, William de Avenel, was disinherited. He had issue by her Robert, Reginald, William. Sir Robert Courtenay, son and heir, (Baron of Okehampton,) married Mary, eldest daughter of William de Vernon, sixth Earl of Devon, (with whom the Earl gave Caput honoris sui in Devon cum Castello de Plympton:) she after proved his sole heir, (for Jane, her second sister, married to Wil- ham Bruer, Baron of Torbay, sans issue ; but she was after married to Hubbard de Burgo, to whom was given the Isle of Wight, sine prole :) af- ter the decease of Isabella de Fortibus, sister and heir of Baldwin, the fifth son and heir to Baldwin, the fourth son and heir to Baldwin, third son and heir to William de Vernon, (father to this Mary,) and of Mabel his wife, daughter of Robert, Earl of Millent and Worcester,) and of Maud his wife, daughter^and coheir of Reginald, Earl of Cornwall. This Sir Robert had issue Sir John. He died 1241. Sir John Courtenay, knight, (Baron of Okehampton,) married Isabel, second daughter of John de Vere, seventh Earl of Oxford, issue Sir Hugh, and died 1273. Sir Hugh Courtenay, knight, (Baron of Okehampton,) married Eleanor, DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES, 571 daughter of Hugh de le Dispenser, and had issue Hugh, Phihp of Moreton, (who for difference, for a file and three labels, gave a bend azure,) who had issue four daughters and coheirs, Isabel married to St. John, Avelina to GifFard, Eghna to Scales, Margaret to Nichols, and some say Isabel to the Lord St. John. Hugh Courtenay, son and heir, (Baron of Okehainpton,) was, 9th Edward III., admitted ninth Earl of Devon, and had the third penny of the profits thereof, which was £18. 6s. 8d. He married Agnes, sister of Sir John St. John, knight, and had issue Hugh, John (abbot of Tavistock,) sans issue, Robert, Sir Thomas, knight, (who married Muriel, daughter and coheir of Sir John de Mules;) Eleanor, (wife to John Gray;) Elizabeth, (married to Bartholomew de Lisle, or of the Isle of Wight ;) a third, as some say, Ege- line, married to Robert Lord Scales. He died 1340. Hugh Courtenay (tenth Earl of Devon,) married Margaret, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, eighth Earl of Hereford and Essex, by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of King Edward I., and had issue Hugh, (who married Eli- zabeth, daughter of the Lord Guy de Bryan, and had issue Hugh ; who married Maud, daughter of Sir Thomas Holland, knight, and died sans is- sue : they both died before the Earl : Sir Hugh Courtenay taken prisoner 1378,) Edward, (who married Emelyn, daughter of Sir John Dauny, knight, and died before his father, but had issue Edward, eleventh Earl of Devon ;) Sir Philip of Powderham, John, William archbishop of Canterbury, Humph- rey, Sir Peter, (a worthy knight, who did many feats of arms in France, and was buried in St. Peter's Church, Exeter ;) Sir Thomas, knight, Elizabeth, (married, first to Theobald Greenfield ; secondly to John Cobham ;) Katha- rine, married, first to Thomas de Engain ; secondly (as some will) to Wil- liam, Lord Harrington ;) Joan, (to Sir John Chiverton, knight ;) Maud, Eleanor, Guenora, Isabel, Philippa. [I find Elizabeth married to William Mohun of Dunster, and William, Lord Harrington, married the daughter of Hill of Spaxton, and died 1376.] Edward Courtenay, surnamed the blind, (eleventh Earl of Devon,) mar- ried a daughter of the Lord Thomas Camois, (for I find in Tiverton Church his arms impaled with Courtenay's, and not with Eleanor Mortimer as Mr. York says,) and had issue Sir Edward, (who married with Eleanor Morti- mer, and died sans issue before his father : he was knighted 2nd Henry V.;) and Hugh, ob, 1118. 572 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Hugh Courtenay (twelfth Earl of Devon,) married Ann, daughter of Richard, Lord Talbot, and had issue Thomas. He died 1422. Thomas Courtenay (thirteenth Earl of Devon,) married Margaret, daugh- ter of John Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset, and had issue Thomas, Henry be- headed at Salisbury 8th Edward IV., John slain at Tewkesbury 10th Edward IV., Joan, (married to Sir Roger Clifford, knight;) EUzabeth, (to Sir John Conway, knight. This Earl was taken at the battle of Teuton, 1460, and beheaded at York.) Thomas Courtenay (fourteenth Earl of Devon,) was attainted by Parlia- ment and put to death shortly after his father, and died sans issue. Sir Hugh Courtenay, of Boconnock in Cornwall, knight, (sheriff of De- von 7th Henry V., 1420,) second son of Edward, grandchild of Hugh the tenth Earl of Devon, married, first Ehzabeth Cogan, sine prole; secondly Philippa, daughter and coheir of Sir Warin Archdeacon, of Haccombe, knight, issue Joan, married to Sir Nicholas Baron Carew, of whom are all the Carews in Devon and elsewhere; and thirdly, in 1417, to Matilda, daughter of Sir William Beaumont, of Heaunton, knight, who survived him. Sir Hugh Courtenay, of Boconnock, knight, son and heir, by the said Matilda, married Margaret, daughter and coheir (if not sole heir,) of Sir Thomas Carminow, of Boconnock, knight, and had issue Edward, Hugh fled at Tewkesbury field 1471, Sir John Courtenay made baronet 1471, Ehza- beth, (married to John Tretherf of Cornwall, and had issue Elizabeth mar- ried to John Vivian of Cornwall, and Margaret wife of Edward Courtenay of Ladock in Cornwall;) Maud, (married to John Arundell of Talvern in Corn- wall ;) Isabel, (to William Mohun of Hall in Cornwall ;) Florence, (to John Trelawny of Pool in Cornwall.) Edward Courtenay, son and heir, was sixteenth Earl of Devon, restored by King Henry VII. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Phihp Cour- tenay, of MoUand, knight, and had issue William, and died 1509. William Courtenay (seventeenth Earl of Devon,) married Katharine, daughter of King Edward IV., and had issue Henry, and died 1511. Henry Courtenay (eighteenth Earl of Devon,) was created Marquis of Exeter 1525. He married, first Ehzabeth, daughter and heir of Sir John Grey, Viscount Lisle, sans issue ; secondly Gertrude, daughter of William Blount, Baron Mountjoy, and had issue Edward. He was, for treason, be- headed. 1538. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 573 Edward Courtenay was, after long imprisonment, restored by Queen Ma- ry, 1553, made nineteenth Earl of Devon ; and died in Padua, 1556, sine prole. COURTENAY of Powderham.— Sir Philip Courtenay, knight, (third son of Hugh, tenth Earl of Devon.) married a daughter of the Lord Wake, and had issue Sir John, Sir Philip of Holland, and Margaret married to Sir John Herle, of Wilford in Northamptonshire, son and heir of Wilham Herle, lord chief justice of the Common Pleas. Sir John Courtenay, of Powderham, son and heir, married Isabel, daughter of Sir Richard Cham- pemon, of Beer-Ferrers, knight, issue Sir Philip, (sheriff of Devon 10th Edward IV., 1471,) who married Ehzabeth, daughter of "Walter, Lord Hungerford, and had issue Sir Wilham, Edmund, (who married Joan, daughter and heir of John Deviok of Cornwall, of whom is Courtenay of Ethe ;) Humphrey, (of Bickley in Devon, who married and had issue Eli- zabeth, married to Carew, second son to Edmund, Baron Carew, of String- ham ;) Ehzabeth, (married to Sir William Huddisfield, knight, attorney- general to Edward IV., and of the Council to Henry VII., of ShUhngford.) Mr. Hooker saith that Sir Phihp Courtenay of MoUand was third son of this Sir Phihp. Sir WLUiam Courtenay, of Powderham, knight, son and heir, (sheriff of Devon 22nd Edward IV., 1482,) married Margaret, daughter to Lord Bonvile, and had issue Sir William, and Edward who married Alice, daugh- ter and heir of John Wotton, of Wotton in Cornwall. Sir William, son and heir, married Cecily, daughter of John Cheyney of Pinhoe, and had is- sue Sir WiUiam, and James of Upcot in Cheriton-Fitzpain. Sir Wilham, knight, son and heir, (sheriff of Devon 17th Henry VIII., 1526, and 25th Henry VIII., and went into France with him 1 5th year of his reign,) married a daughter of Sir Richard Edgcomb, sans issue ; secondly Mary, daughter of Genesford, and had issue George, Sir Peter, (who married a daughter and heir of Shilston ;) Mary, (married to Christopher Copleston, of Copleston, esq. ;) Cecily, (to Nicholas Francis, of Comb-Flory in Somerset.) Sir George married a daughter of Sir George St. Leger, of Annery, knight, and had issue Sir William, knight ; who married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Pawlet, Marquis of Winchester, and had issue Sir WDliam, knight ; (sherifTof Devon 23rd Queen Elizabeth ;) who married, first Ehzabeth, daughter of Henry Manners, Earl of Rutland, and had issue Sir William 4d 574 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. who died sans issue, Francis, and Thomas, (who married the daughter of Bruerton, of Taunton in Somersetshire, and hath issue ;) Sir George, of Newcastle in Munster, Ireland, baronet, (who married, first a daughter of Sir Francis Barkley, of Ireland, knight, and hath issue ;) three others, and Mary, (first married to Sir John Fitz, of Fitz-Ford in Tavistock, knight; secondly to Lord Audlegh, Earl of Castlehaven, in Ireland ;) Margaret, (se- cond wife to Sir Warwick Hele, of Wembury, knight ; secondly to Sir John Chudlegh, knight, brother to Bartholomew Chudlegh, of Ashton, knight ;) Elizabeth, (wife of Sir William Wrey, of Trebigh in Cornwall, knight ; se- condly he married a daughter and heir of Sir George Sydenham, of Somer- setshire, knight, the relict of Sir Francis Drake of Buckland, knight, sine prole ; thirdly he married a daughter of Hill, of Somerset, esq., the relict of Bruerton, of Taunton, esq., sans issue.) Francis Courtenay, second son and heir, married, first Mary, daughter of Sir William Pole, of Shute, knight, the relict of Nicholas Hurst, of Oxton, esq., sine prole ; secondly Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Edward Seymour, of Berry-Pomeroy, bart., and hath issue [Sir WiUiam Courtenay, bart., Francis, and one other. Sir WiUiam mar- ried Margaret, daughter of Sir Wilham Waller, of Kent, knight, by his wife Reynel, daughter and heir of Sir Reynel, of Ford in Newton-Abbot, knight, and hath issue Francis, James, Richard, (drowned at sea, vdth his son, in a storm, near Marseilles, he being a captain in King WUliam III.'s service in his wars with France ;) Henry, William, and six daughters. Francis Courtenay, esq., married and hath issue.] COURTENAY of MoUand. — Arms. — Or, three torteauxes, a file of three azure charged with nine muUets, argent. Sir Philip Courtenay, knight, (second son of Sir Philip of Powderham; third son, as some, and his wife the Lady Ehzabeth Hungerford ; third son of Hugh, tenth Earl of Devon ;) married Ehzabeth, daughter and heir of Hengerston of Hingston, and had issue John, Phihp of Loughter, (who married Jane, daughter of Richard Fowel of Fowelscomb, and had issue Ehzabeth, married to WUliam Strode of Newnham, esq.; which Jane was secondly married to Humphrey Prideaux of Thuborough;) Philip, Mar- garet, (married to Sh John Champernon, of Modbury, knight ;) Ehzabeth, (married to Edward, sixteenth Earl of Devon.) John Courtenay, esq., son and heir, married Joan, daughter of Bret, of Sampford-Bret of Somerset, esq., and had issue Philip, John of South-Mol- DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 575 ton, Agnes, married to Anthony Acland of Chittlehampton, esq.; Ellen, married to Robert Bishop of Choldich. Philip Courtenay, esq., married Alice, daughter of Edward Matthew, of Dodbrook, esq., and had issue John sans issue, Robert, Edward of Col- brook in CuUompton, (who married Joan, daughter of Samford of Halber- ton, and had issue Gresham, Edward, both sans issue, and Bartholomew;) Joan, (married to John Dart, alias Walleys, of Barnstaple, esq.;) Ursula, to James Matthew of Dodbrook;) Dorothy, (to Anthony Culm, of Chivithorn in Tiverton ;) Katharine, (to Anthony Chappie, of Molton, merchant ;) , (to Philpot;) , (to Sydenham. Robert Courtenay, esq., married Dorothy, daughter of Sir Hugh Pollard, of Nymet, knight, and had issue Philip, Amias, (who married Jane, daughter of Challons, of Coreston in Somerset, sans issue ;) Frances, (married to Hopkins of Wales ;) Dorothy, (to CoUamore ;) Apollonia, (to Thomas Melhuish of Witheridge ;) Agnes, Mary, Joan, Elizabeth, unmarried : secondly he married Joan, sister of Humphrey Coles of Somerset, the relict of Garthred, sans issue : thirdly he married a daughter of Fortescue of Heddon, sine prole. Philip Courte- nay, esq., married Jane, daughter of Boys, of Denton in Kent, esq., and had issue Humphrey, (who married Jane, daughter of Sir William Mohun, of Hall in Cornwall, knight, and died before his father, sans issue ; she was after married to Sir John Speccot, of Thornbury, knight ;) Charles, Robert, sans issue, Elizabeth, (married to Peter Muden, a Dutchman, doctor of phy- sic ;) Dorothy, (to Robert Courtenay of MoUand ;) Lydia, (to Richard Culm, of Canons-Leigh, esq.;) Joan, (to Anthony Courtenay of North-Molton.) Charles Courtenay, esq., second son and heir, married Anna, daughter of John Coles, of Barton in Somerset, esq., issue John, Humphrey, Jane. John Courtenay, second son to John Courtenay and Joan Bret, married Elizabeth, daughter of James Chichester of Hall, and had issue Henry, Lewis, Robert, John, John, EHzabeth, (married to John Lovering of Bitta- don ;) Elizabeth, (to Lancelot Pollard ;) Wilmot, (to William Blackball of Lampford ;) Mary, (to Anthony Chappie ;) Ann, (to Hugh Hatch of Swim- bridge ;) Ellen, (to Roger GifFard of Bundley;) Grace unmarried. COURTENAY, of Wotton and Ladock in Cornwall.— Edward Courte- nay, of Wotton, esq., (second son of Sir William, of Powderham, knight, and Margaret his wife,) married Alice, daughter and heir to John Wotton, of Wotton in Landrake, Cornwall, esq., and had issue Edward ; who mar- 576 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. ried Margaret, (she was secondly married to BuUer of Cornwall,) daughter and heir of Thomas Tretherff of Cornwall, esq., and of his wife, daughter and heir of Trevisa, of Crocadon in Cornwall, son and heir of John Tre- therff and Elizabeth his wife, second sister and coheir of Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon, and had issue Peter. Peter Courtenay, of Ladock, esq., married Katharine, daughter and coheir of WiUiam Reskymer of Haylford, (Jane, the first, was married to John Trelawny of Poole in Cornwall, esq.; secondly to Sir WiUiam Mohun, of Hall in Cornwall, knight;) and had issue John, Edward, William, Peter, Reskemer, Ann, (married to Gilbert Holcomb ;) Mary, and Alice. John, son and heir, married Ann, daughter of St. Aubyn, issue John, who died young. COURTENAY, of Upcot in Cheriton-Fitzpain. — James (second son of Sir WiUiam, of Powderham, knight, and of Cecily his wife) married and had issue James, George, and John sans issue. James, son and heir, (she- riff of Devon 3rd Queen Mary,) married Christian, daughter of George RoUe, of Stevenston, esq., the reUct of Richard Weeks, of Nimet-Flory in Somerset, and had issue James, and Mary married to Montacute of Dorset. James married Jane, daughter of George Prideaux, of Nutwel, sergeant-at- law, and had issue James, Edward, Richard, and Mary, all died without issue. George Courtenay, second son of the first James, married a daughter of Packer, of Stockley-Luccombe, and had issue James ; who married Mary, daughter of Gover of Sandford-Swithen, and had issue Gertrude, married to John Moor, esq. COURTENAY, of Ugbrook in Chudleigh.— Sir Piers Courtenay, knight, (sheriff of Devon 3rd Edward VI.,) married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Shilston of Shilston, and had issue Edward, Carew, and James sans issue, Joan, (married to Richard Tremayn, doctor of divinity, and treasurer of the Church of Exeter, sine prole ;) Katharine, (to John Kempthorn, alias Lea, of Tunacomb in Cornwall, esq., sans issue ;) Ann, (to Anthony Chfford, of Boscomb in WUtshire, esq.;) Dorothy, (to Jeffry Cowling of Cornwall.) Edward, son and heir, married Elizabeth, and had issue a daughter, married to Josias Calmady of Wembury, issue Sir Shilston Calmady. REYNELL, of Trumpington and Batington in Cambridgeshire, and East- O^well and Ford in Devon. — Arms. — Masonry argent, a chief indent, sab. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 577 Walter Reynell, of Trumpington, esq., 5th Richard II. married Joan, cousin and heir of AUayn le Franceis, and had issue John ; who married Maud, daughter of Giles Fulborn, and had issue Walter of Batington ; who married Joan, daughter and heir of Bassingbom, and had issue Walter, Joan, (married to Sackvile ;) , (to Peyne.) Walter Reynell, of Mal- ston, married (4th Richard II.,) Margaret, daughter and heir of William Strighull, of Malston, esq., and of Ehzabeth his wife, daughter and heir of Robert Malston of Malston, and of Muriel his wife, daughter and heir of Thomas Thorber, esq., and had issue Walter, John, Robert sine prole, and Alice married to Trevillian. Walter Reynell, of Malston, (1 9th Richard II.,) married Joan, daughter of William Walrond of Bradfield, (12th Hen- ry IV.,) and had issue Walter, Robert, Eleanor, (married to John Strech- legh, of Strechlegh, esq.; secondly to William Fowel of Fowelscomb, esq.;) Mary, to Champernon of Churchton ;) Joan, (to Pyne, of Upton- Pyne, esq.) Walter obit 15th Edward IV„ 1475. Walter ReyneU, of Malston, mar- ried Radigund, daughter of Philip Copleston, of Copleston, esq., and had John, Thomas of Malston, Nicholas, Edward, Margaret, (married to Rich- ard Lake of Brixton, yeoman of the guard;) Joan, (to William Huckmore; secondly to Pry of Colebrook.) John Reynell, of East-Ogwell, esq., married Margery, daughter of Wil- liam Fortescue, of Wood, esq., and had issue Walter, sans issue, Richard, Roger, John, Ahce, (married to William Soper of Woodland ;) Emma to Wil- liam Wivell of Crediton.) Richard Reynell, of Ogwell, esq., married Agnes, daughter of John Southcot, of Indeo in the parish of Bovey-Tracey, esq., and had issue Sir Thomas, Josias sine prole, Richard, Sir George, Sir Gary, and Margaret, married, first to Arthur Fowel, of Fowelscomb, esq.; se- condly to Sir Edmund Prideaux Banneret. Sir Thomas, of Ogwell, knight, married, first Frances, daughter of John Aylworth, of Polslo, esq., and had issue. Sir Thomas, (knighted 15th September, 1625, who married a daughter of Sir Henry Spiller, knight ;) Walter a captain, Jane, (married to Valentine Pomeroy, of Binley in Halberton, esq., and of Sandridge in Stoke- Gabriel;) Frances, (married to Charles Vaughan, esq., clerk of the peace ;) Agnes to Thimbell of Oxfordshire ;) Lucy, (to James Welsh, of Barnstaple, esq.;) and Mary : secondly he married Ann, daughter of Sir Henry Killigrew, of Cornwall, knight, the relict of Sir Jonathan Trelawny, of Cornwall, knight, and had issue Edward. 578 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Sir Richard Reynell, (knighted 15th Septemher, 1625,) son and heir, married Mary, daughter of Richard Reynell, of Greedy- Widger in Upton- HeUions, esq., and hath issue Thomas, Sir Richard, [lord chief justice of Ireland, 1 690, and of the privy council to the king there ;] Mary, Frances, Jane. REYNELL, of Malston, esq. — ^Arms. — Masonry argent, and a chief in- dent sable, crescent. Thomas Reynell, second son of Walter, son and heir of Walter, son and heir of Walter, &c., married Cecily, daughter of Edmund Mathew and Alice his v?ife, daughter and heir of John Digby of Thorverton, and had issue George, Thomas, Joan, (married to John of Mattescomb ;) Grace, (to Henry Lech of Duloe ;) Cecily, (to Simon Commin of North-Bovey;) Ann, to Richard Hynd of MoUescomb.) George married Joan, daughter of Lewis Fortescue, of Fallopit, issue Edmund, Henry, John, Richard, Ehza- beth, wife of Henry Burrough of Broad-CUst ;) Mary, Ahce, (married to Bear of Kingsbridge ;) Jane, (to John Fountain, of Bawcomb, esq.) Edmund Reynell, son and heir, married a daughter of Lewis Hatch, of AUer, esq., and hath issue George, Edmund, Nicholas, Ehzabeth, (married to Roger Speccot pf Thorverton ;) Alice, (to Bastard, esq.) George, son and heir, married Rebecca, daughter of Hugh Fortescue, of Filleigh, esq., and hath issue Edmund, and George rector of Ringmoor. SIR RICHARD REYNELL (third son of Richard of Ogwell, esq.,) mar- ried Lucy, daughter of Robert Brandon of London, esq., a daughter, mar- ried to Sir William Waller of Kent, [whose daughter and heir was late wife of Sir William Courtenay, of Powderham, bart.] Sir George ReyneU, knight, (fourth son of Richard of Ogwell,) married a daughter of Sir Valentine Brown, knight ; secondly the daughter and heir of Edmund Peacock, of London, esq. Sir Carew ReyneU, (fifth son of Richard,) married a daughter and heir of Sir Francis Hungerford, knight. Sir Thomas Reynell (second son of Sir Thomas, of Ogwell, knight,) mar- ried Katharine, daughter of Sir Henry Spiller, knight. REYNELL, of Creedy-Widger in the parish of Upton-Hellions, esq. — Arms. — Masonry argent, a chief indent, sable, three piles in chief sable. Richard Reynell, (counsellor-at-law and justice of the peace, fourth son of George of Malston, esq.,) married Mary, daughter and coheir of John DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 570 Perriam of Exeter and Shobrook, esq., and hath issue Perriam, Burrough, and Mary manfied to Sir Richard Reynell, of Ogwell, knight. STUKELEY.of KennandFarringdon,esq ^Arms Azure, three pears or. Wilham Stukeley of Kenn (second son to Nicholas of Trent,) esq., mar- ried Joan, sister to John Stowel, of Codleston in Somerset, esq., and had issue Christopher, EUzabeth, (married to Thomas More of Taunton ;) Ka- tharine, (second wife of John Carew, of Bickleigh, esq., sans issue ;) Mary, (married to Henry Evelegh ;) Ann, (to Wilham Anthony.) Christopher Stukeley, of Farringdon, esq., married Mary, daughter of Edward Ford, of Fordhays in the parish of Plymtree, and had issue John, Andrew, Grace, Elizabeth, Ann. HAYDON, of Lympston, Ebford in the parish of Woodbury, Caddy in the parish of Ottery St. Mary, and Hills in Kilmingston, esq. — Arms. — Argent, three bars gemelles azure, on a chief gules, a barrulet indent or. Robert Haydon, of Lympston, married and had issue William ; who mar- ried and had issue John, William and Thomas, sans issue. John married and had issue John sine prole, and William ; who married and had issue Richard, JefFry, John, Richard, William. Richard married and had issue Richard, John, and Jane married to Robert Gilbert of Powderham. Richard Haydon, of Ebford in Woodbury, married Joan, daughter of Maurice Trent of Ottery St. Mary, and had issue Thomas, John, George, and Joan married to John Coram of Ottery St. Mary. Thomas Haydon, of Ebford, esq., married Joan, daughter of Richard Weeks of Honeychurch, and had issue Thomas, , (married to Walter Leigh ;) Jane, (to Richard Williams ;) Margaret, (to Thomas Browning.) Thomas Haydon, of Hills, esq., married Christian, daughter of Robert Tytherlegh, of Dorset, esq., and had issue Thomas, Robert and Peter sans issue, and Bridget married to . Robert Haydon, esq., (justice of the peace of this county,) married Joan, daughter of Sir Amias Pawlet, of George-Hinton, Somerset, knight, and had issue Gideon, Amias, Drew, and Margaret married to William Ever\'^, of Chard in Somerset. Gideon Haydon, of Ebford, esq., married Margaret, daughter of John Davy, of Newhouse or Greedy in Sandford, esq., and hath issue three, and a daughter married to George Rawleigh. LUMEN, or DE LUMINE, of Uplowman in Tiverton, and Gittisham.— Arms. — Gules, a sun in his splendour. 580 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Sir William de Lumine, knight, was lord of both in the time of Henry III,, and had issue Sir Richard ; who held the same 27th Hemy III., and had issue Sir Richard ; who was lord thereof in the time of Edward I., and this was the last : then it came to Gregory de Willington, 8th Edward II. LOWMAN, of Up-Lowman, Honiton, and Brockland. — Arms. — Arg. on three escutcheons sable as many gauntlets or. Lowman of Up-Lowman, married and had issue Thomas and Ed- mund. Thomas, of Honiton, married Katharine, daughter of Thomas Thyrkhill of the north of England, and had issue John, Joan, (married to John Fowell of Honiton ;) Cecily, (to John Reynell, fourth son of John of East Ogwell, esq.) John, of Brockland, married, first Elizabeth, the relict of Tristram Hooper of Brockland, and secondly Bagg, daughter of Bustard, esq., and had issue Philip ; secondly he married Alice, daughter of Henry Collins of Ottery St. Mary, the relict of Langworthy of Farway, and had issue John, Peter sans issue, James, Francis, Thomas sans issue, Katha- rine, (first married to John Duck of Heavitree, secondly to Josias Holcomb of the same i) Mary, (first married to George Durman, of Bear-Crocumb in Somerset ; secondly to Dr. James, Bishop of Wells.) Philip Lowman, of Whiteston, married Agnes, daughter of John GUes, of Bowdon, esq., coheir to her brother. Sir Edward Giles, knight, and hath issue James, George, Giles, Thomas, Philip, William, Agnes, and Margaret. James, son and heir, married a daughter of Copleston, the relict of Pomeroy of II- sington, and had issue John ; who married a daughter of Neckton of Lon- don, and hath issue William, Thomas, Francis and Thomas were both cap- tains and died sans issue. James married Ann, daughter of John Hays of Witheridge, and hath issue three daughters. ROUSE, (alias LE ROUSE,) of Modbury in Devon, and Halton in Cornwall, knight, — Arms. — Or, an eagle displayed pruning her wing azure, armed langued gules. Ralph Rouse, of Little-Modbury, married and had issue William, who had issue Ralph, who had issue John, who had issue WilUam, who had is- sue Ralph, Robert, (Sir Robert Rouse vid. Speed, p. 593 — 4,) Baldwin sine prole. Ralph married and had issue Elizabeth. Robert the second son,) married into the family of Dymocke, and had issue William ; who married Alice, daughter and heir of Thomas Edmerston, and had issue William ; who married Margaret, daughter of William Lower, and had is- DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 581 sue John ; who married a daughter of WiUiam Fowel, of Fowelscomb, esq., and had issue WilUam ; who married a daughter of Worth and had issue Roger ; who married Julyan, daughter and coheir of Wilham and sister and coheir of John Hill of Fleet, and had issue John who died sine prole, and Richard, who married and had issue Sir Anthony Rouse, knight. Sir Anthony Rouse, of Halton in Cornwall, knight, married Ehzabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Southcot, of Bovey-Tracey, esq., and of Grace his wife, daughter and coheir of John Barnhouse, of Marsh in Newton St. Gy- res, esq., and had issue Ambrose, Richard, Arthur, (who married Eleanor, daughter of Hugh Ackland, of Ackland, esq.;) Robert, Francis, Elizabeth, (married to John Northcot, of Uton in Crediton, esq.;) Julyan, (to John Upton, of Lupton, esq.;) and Dorothy. Ambrose married Elizabeth, daugh- ter of John Osborn, of Ghicksand, in Bedfordshire, esq., the lord treasur- er's Remembrancer of the Exchequer, and had issue William, George, Tho- mas, and Ambrose who died before his father. William married a daugh- ter of Sir Richard Robarts, knight and baron, of Truro in Cornwall. WHYDDON, of Chagford, knight. — Arms. — Argent, a chevron between three spears' heads, gules. Henry Whyddon, of Chagford, esq., married Joan, daughter and heir of Wray of London, and had issue Richard ; who married and had issue Si- mon, who married Margaret, daughter of Richard Weeks of Cockatree, and had issue John, and Joan married to John Alford. John married a daugh- ter of Rugge of Chagford and had issue John, Sir John Whyddon, of Chagford, knight, secondary justice of the Com- mon PJeas to Queen Ehzabeth, married Ann, daughter of Sir WiUiam Hol- lis, knight, and had issue Joan, married to John Ashley, of London, esq.; secondly he married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Wilham Shilston, esq., and of Alice his wife, daughter and heir of John Culley, esq.; which Wil- ham Shilston was son and heir to Wilham Shilston and Constance his wife, daughter and heir of Thomas Wray, of Wray, esq.; and this Sir John had by this second wife William, Edward, Oliver, Francis, Lawrence, Nicholas, Mary, (married to George Kelly of Spreyton ;) Ahce, (to Thomas Dunning;) Joan, (to John Hooper ;) Ann, (to Alexander Knapman ;) Ehzabeth, Mar- garet, Eareth. Wilham Whyddon, esq., married Mary, daughter of John Langdon, of Keverel in Cornwall, esq., sans issue ; secondly he married Honor, daughter of John Basset, of Umberleigh, esq., sans issue; she was 4e 582 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. afterwards married to Christopher CWchester, of Frithelstock, esq. Edward Whyddon, esq., (second son and heir,) married a daughter of Chudlegh, the reUct of Coffin of Portledge, and had issue Sir John, knight ; who married Blanch, daughter of Robert Ashford, of Ashford, esq., and hath issue Wil- ham, E-oger, John, Ehzabeth, Margaret, Frances, Katharine. Ohver Whyddon, (third son) archdeacon of Cornwall, died sans issue. Francis Whyddon, of Whyddon in Chagford, (fourth son,) married Do- rothy, daughter of Thomas Carew of Haccomb (she was secondly married to John Eyre of Adrington : his son married her daughter ;) and hath is- sue Oliver, Francis, a daughter married to Hore, another to Eyre, a third to Humphrey Venner of Chittlehampton, a fourth to John Luxton of Brush- ford, and a fifth to , Oliver married Margaret, daughter of Crimes, of Buckland-Monachorum, esq., the relict of John Copleston, of Bowdon in Yealmpton, and hath issue. Francis married a daughter of Southmead of Moreton. CALLARD, of Callard in the parish of Burrington, and Southcot, esq. — Arms.— Gerony of six sable and or, three Moors' heads side-faced proper, filleted argent. Richard Callard, of Callard, esq., married Margaret, daughter of Henry Borage of Chulmleigh, and had issue John ; who married and had issue Richard ; who married Alice, daughter of John Bragge of Brag-Marsh, and had issue William; John of Tavistock, smith ; Richard of Rowston in Ta- vistock ; Richard, of Winkley, smith ; Maud, (married to John Roger of Beaford ;) Joan, (to Richard Seller of Taw-Mill. William married Alice, daughter of WiUiam Upcot, of Upcot in Broadwood, and had issue John ; who married Elizabeth, daughter and sole heir of WUham Southcot, esq., son and heir of Nicholas Southcot and Joan his wife, daughter and heir of Edmund Pury (alias Perry) of Chudleigh ; which Nicholas was son and heir of William Southcot, esq.; and this John Callard had issue Thomas, John, Ralph, John, Ann, (married to William Daws of Cornwall ;) Margaret, (to Simon Bear ;) Joan, (to John Stone of Cornwall ;) Elizabeth, (to John Wicket.) Thomas Callard, of Southcot, esq., married Margaret, daughter of Edward Moon, of Ash in Surrey, esq., and had issue Eustace, Richard, Ann, Elizabeth. DREW, of Sharpham in Ashprington, Trehill in Kenn, and St. Leonards, esq. — Arms. — Ermine, a lion passant gules. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 583 William Drew, of Sharphara, esq., married Joan, daughter and heir of John Prideaux of Orchardton and Agnes his wife, daughter and heir of Ro- bert French of Hornford, (or Homwood,) esq., and of Maud his wife, daughter and heir of Robert Wynard, of Sharpham, esq., issue William, John, William. WilUam Drew, of Kenn, (third son,) married Eleanor, and had issue John, John. John Drew, son of William, of Grays-Inn, and Tre- hill, married Jane, daughter and coheir of Cruwys, of Cruwys-Morchard, esq., and had issue John of St. Leonards ; who married, first Agnes, daugh- ter of Watkyn York, and had issue Emanuel, Edward, Mary, Eleanor, Ann, and fifteen others, DREW, of Drew's- Cliff, and High-Hayne in Newton St. Cyres, esq. — Aems. — Ermine, a lion passant gules. William Drew, of Drew's-Clift', married Joan, daughter and heir of Mat- thew Worsford, and had issue Thomas; who married and had issue Rich- ard ; who married and had issue Richard and Joan. Richard, of Drew's- Cliff and Hayne, esq., married Maud, daughter and heir of John Farr of Ashburton, and had issue Edward, Francis sans issue, and Alice married to John How of Sandford. Edward, of Hayne, married Ann, daughter of John Crocker, of Lynham, esq., and had issue Edmund, Mary, and Joan married to John Williams, of Ivy-Bridge in the parish of Cornwood. Edmund mar- ried a daughter of 'Gibbs, and had issue Mary, married first to Walter Northcot, son and heir of John of Crediton, and had issue Elizabeth ; se- condly she married Sir Edward GUes of Bowden, knight, sans issue. Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Walter Northcot and Mary his vdfe, daughter and heir of Edmund Drew, married, first George Yard, of Church- ton- Ferrers, esq., and had issue ; secondly she married Barnabas Potter, D. D., afterwards Bishop of Carlisle. WHITLOCK, of Frithelstock. — Arms. — Per pale or and sable, a bend wavy between two padlocks transmuted. William Whitlock married Christian, daughter and heir of John Lake of Bradmore, sister and heir of William Lake and Jeanet his wife, daughter and heir of William Strokesworthy ; which William Lake was son and heir of John and his wife, daughter and heir of Bradmore : he had issue Wil- liam, John, Anthony. William Whitlock, of Bradmore, esq., married Mar- tha, and had issue. WALTHAM, of Brcntou, in the parish of Exminster, Trehill in the pa- 584 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. rish of Kenn, and Exeter. — Arms. — Sable, a chevron engrailed between three suns argent. Sir John Waltham was keeper of the Privy Seal in the time of Richard II., 1386. John Waltham was Bishop of Sarum 1390. Richard Waltham, of Brenton, married Mabel, sister and coheir of Ge- rence Bowhay, of Bowhay in Exminster, son and heir of Roger Bowhay, esq., and had issue George ; she secondly married to Ridgway, (alias Pea- cock,) yeoman of the guard. George Waltham married Janor, daughter of Paddon and widow of Whitborow, of Dunchideock, had issue John, Agnes, (married to Wilham Verdure ;) , (to William Fryer, in the parish of St. Thomas;) Katharine, (to Philip Westcot of Raddon in Shobrook.) John Waltham married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Richard Stephens of Ex- minster, and had issue George, Jeffry, (mayor of Exeter, 1613 and 1626,) and Richard, of TrehiU in the parish of Kenn, esq. George married Mar- gery, daughter of Ball of Mamhead, and hath issue John, Thomas, Richard, George, , Katharine, (married to Otho Wheaton, of Exeter, mer- chant ; secondly to Thomas Samson of London ;) Joan, (to Thomas Vil- vaine of Broadclist ;) Ann, (to John Coysh of Kenn ;) Elizabeth, (to James Taylor of Pinhoe ;) Margery, (to John Cowling of Washfield, and died 1624.) John, son and heir, married Bridget, daughter of John Geare of Kenn, and hath issue Bridget, Elizabeth, Margery. Jeffry Waltham, esq., (mayor of Exeter, 1613,) married a daughter of Richard Duck of Heavitree, and had issue Jeffry who died sans issue, and a daughter married first to Bellamy of Exeter, secondly to James Tucker of the same; the Mayor ob. 6th April, 1626, aged 68, and was buried at Ex- minster. Richard Waltham, (third son of John,) counsellor-at-law, and justice of the peace, of TrehiU, married Ann, daughter of Long of Axminster, the relict of Reynolds of Exeter, merchant, sans issue ; secondly he married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Southcot, of Calverleigh, esq., the relict of Walrond of Tiverton, sans issue. Richard Waltham (third son of George,) married Dorcas, the relict of Peard of Barnstaple, sans issue. PERRIAM, of Exeter, and Little Fulford in the parish of Shobrook.— Arms. — Argent, a chevron sable between four pears, gules. William Perriam, esq., (mayor of Exeter, 1532,) married a daughter of DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 585 John Blackaller, mayor of Exeter, 1530, and had issue John; who was mayor of Exeter, 1563 and 1572 and married Margaret, daughter and co- heir of Robert Hone of Ottery St. Mary, and had issue Wilham, John, Margery, (married to John Sweet of Modbury;) Grace, (to Ricliard Sel- wood, of Chard in Somerset;) Mary, (to Loosemore of Tiverton;) Thoma- sin, (to John Hackwel of Exeter,) Sir William Perriam, knight, (lord chief baron of the Exchequer to Queen Elizabeth and King James I.,) of Little Fulford, now Shobrook-Park, mar- ried, first Margery, daughter and heir of John Holcot, of Berkshire, esq., the relict of Richard Hutchinson, of Yorkshire, esq., sans issue ; secondly Ann, daughter of John Parker of North-Molton, esq., and had issue Mary, (mar- ried to Sir WiUiam Pole, of Shute, knight ;) Elizabeth, (to Sir Robert Basset, of Umberleigh and Heaunton-Court, knight ;) Jane, (to Thomas Pointz, son and heir of Sir Gabriel Pointz, of Essex, esq., by whom she had two daugh- ters and heirs ; secondly she was married to Thomas Docura of Hertford- shire ;) Elizabeth, and Ann, (married to WiUiam Williams, son and heir of Sir John, of Dorsetshire, knight :) thirdly he married Ehzabeth, daughter of Sir Nicholas Bacon, knight, keeper of the Great Seal, sans issue. John Perriam, (second son of John,) mayor of Exeter, 1587 and 1598, married Ehzabeth, daughter of Roger Prideaux, of Souldon in the parish of Holsworthy, esq., and had issue Mary, (married to Richard Reynel, of Greedy- Widger, esq., fourth son of George Reynel, of Malston, esq.;) Eh- zabeth, (to Edmund Speccot, brother to Sir John, knight ;) Jane, (to Wal- ter Young, of Axminster and of Upton- Helions, esq.:) secondly he married Margaret, daughter of Peck of Buckerel, the relict first of Woodrofic, of Lyme in Dorset, by whom she had one daughter and heir married to Davies of Lyme : thirdly he married the widow of Hayes of Lyme, by whom he had no issue. STUKELEY of AfFeton. — Arms. — Azure, three pears pendant or. Sir Hugh Stukeley, of Affeton, knight, (sheriff of Devon 27th Henry VL,) had married Katharine, the only daughter and heir of John Affeton of Affe- ton, by the daughter of Thomas Bratton. This John was the son and heu- of Thomas Affeton, who was sherift' of Devon 44th Edward HL, and of his wife, daughter and heir of Sir John Monyford, knight, son and heir of Tho- mas Affeton and Mabel his wife, daughter of Thomas Hatch, of Wollegh, esq. This Sir Hugh had issue Sir Nicholas, a daughter who was secondly 586 DEVONSHIRK FAMILIES. married to Fulk Lord Fitzwarren, and Elizabeth married to Sir John Wad- ham of Edge. Sir Nicholas Stukeley married and had issue Sir Thomas, and Ann mar- ried to William Dennis, of Orleigh, esq. Sir Thomas (sheriff of Devon 1 2th Henry VIII.,) married a daughter of Sir Thomas Wood of Bingley, who married the daughter and heir of Bingley; he had issue Sir Hugh. Sir Hugh Stukeley, knight, (sheriff of Devon 36th Henry VIII.,) mar- ried a daughter of Sir Lev/is Pollard of King's-Nymet, and had issue Lewis, Thomas named " The Lusty Stukeley," Amias, Agnes, (second wife to John Giles, of Bowdon, esq.;) Audria, (first married to Yeo of Braunton, secondly to Roger Giffard, of Tiverton, esq.) Lewis Stukeley, son and heir, (sheriff of Devon 10th Ehzabeth, (married a daughter of Hill, of Helycon in Corn- wall, and had issue John, Scipio, and Hugh sans issue ; secondly he mar- ried a daughter of Pawlet, of Melplash in Dorset, and had issue Lewis, Hugh sans issue, , (married to Anthony Pollard, of Horwood, esq.;) Margery, (to John Hays of Witheridge.) John married, first Frances, daughter of Sir John St. Leger, of Annery, knight, and had issue Hugh, Francis, (both died young,) Sir Lewis, Mary, (married to Simon Weeks, esq.;) Gertrude, (to Humphrey Bury, of Colyton, esq.;) Katharine, (to Thomas Dowrish, of Dowrish in Crediton, esq.;) Ann, (to John Lankford, issue a daughter ; secondly she married to Coode of Cornwall, esq., whose son married her daughter by Lankford :) secondly he married Mary, daughter of John Red- man, of Martin-Hall in Thornton, Yorkshire, and had issue Thomas, Hugh, Lewis, Ehzabeth, (married to Thomas Barret, son and heir of Thomas, arch- deacon of Exeter ;) Frances, (to WilUam Hutchinson, of Kenn and South- Cheriton;) Gertrude, (to Adam Williams of Cornwood;) Agnes, Mary, Damaris. Sir Lewis Stukeley, of Affeton, knight, (vice-admiral of Devon and Corn- wall,) married Frances, daughter of Anthony Monk, of Potheridge, esq., and had issue, John, Hugh, Lewis, Scipio, Anthony, Frances. John, son and heir, married Honor, daughter of Richard Halse, of Kendon, esq., and of his wife, daughter and heir of Matthew Sutcliff, D. D. and Dean of Ex- eter, and hath issue Thomas, Lewis ; secondly he married a daughter of Coode, of Morwell in Cornwall. Scipio (second son of Lewis Stukeley, esq.,) married a daughter of Weeks of Honeychurch, and hath issue William, Francis, Ann. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 587 Lewis (fourth son of Lewis Stukeley by the daughter of Pawlet,) married Margery, daughter of John Arscot, of Dunsland, esq., and hath issue. Amias Stukeley, of Meshaw, (third son of Sir Hugh by his second wife,) married a daughter of Pollard, of Horwood, esq., and had issue Anthony, (who married the sister of Bartholomew Clotworthy of Meshaw, the relict of Oland of Ufculm, sans issue ;) Lewis, Sibil, (married to Bartholomew Clotworthy of Meshaw ;) Joan, (married first to Cruse of Moreton, se- condly to Yfood of the same ;) Frances, (to Philip Davie;) Polynor, (to John Nott of Lapford ;) Damaris unmarried. TREMAYNE, of Collacomb in Lamerton. — Arms. — Gules, three arms joined in the centre or, hands closed argent. Nicholas Tremayne, of Collacomb, married a daughter of Sir John Da- marel, knight, and had issue Thomas ; who married a daughter of Carew, and had issue John, and a daughter married to Sir Richard Edgcomb, of Mount-Edgcomb, knight. John, son and heir, married a daughter of Warr, and had issue John ; who married a daughter of John Bear, of Hunsham, esq., and had issue Thomas, Jane, (married to Oliver Kelly, of Kelly, esq.;) , (wife first to Oliver Wise, secondly to James Chudlegh. Thomas Tremayne, esq., married Philippa, eldest daughter of Roger Gren- vile, of Stow in Cornwall, esq., and had issue Roger, Edmund, Digory, Richard and John twins, and Nicholas and Andrew also twins, (both slain at Newhaven in the 6th Queen Elizabeth, 1564; so like in all lineaments of body that they could not (or very hardly) be known one from the other by their parents but by hidden marks ;) Robert died young, Bridget, (married to Philip Dennis of Padstow, son and heir of Henry, brother of Thomas, of Holcomb-Bumel, knight, and had issue Philippa married to Francis Cour- tenay, of Ethy in Cornwall, esq.; secondly to Richard Savory, in Rattery, esq.; both sans issue : and Zenobia married to Robert Stoiford of Stofford, and had issue a daughter married to Sir Thomas Wise, knight of the Bath:) Katharine, (married to John Harris of Lanrest in Cornwall ;) Jane, (to John Southcot, of Southcot in Wear-GiiFard, esq.;) Margaret, (to Thomas Den- nis, brother of Philip ;) , (to Samuel, of Restormel in Cornwall.) Ro- ger Tremayne, son and heir, married Ann, daughter of Richard Coffin, of Portledge, esq., and had issue Wilmot, (wife of Smith, of St. Germans in Cornwall ;) Philippa, (married to Hannibal Vivian, of Trelowarren in Corn- wall;) Dionisia and Mary both died unmarried. 588 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Edmund Tremayne (second son, and heir to his brother,) married Eliza- beth, daughter of Sir John St. Leger, of Annery, knight, and had issue Francis and Francis both sans issue, Katharine unmarried, Ehzabeth, (mar- ried to John Giffard, of Halsberry, esq.;) Phihppa, (to Earnly, of Bideford, and Wiltshire, esq., sans issue.) Digory Tremayne (third son, and heir to his brother Edmund,) married Elizabeth, daughter of Vacy, of Vacy in Tamerton, the rehct of Richard Browning, and had issue Arthur. Richard Tremayne (fourth son of Thomas,) treasurer of St. Peter's Cathe- dral, Exeter, married Joan, daughter of Sir Piers Courtenay, of Ugbrooke in Chudleigh, knight, and died sine prole.* Arthur Tremayne, son and heir, married Mary, daughter of Sir Richard Grenvile, of Stow, knight, and hath issue Edmund, Digory, John, Arthur, John, Richard, Roger, Elizabeth, Mary, Eulalia, Bridget, Margaret, Kath- arine, Rebecca, Philadelphia, and Mary. PRESTON, of Lancaster, and of Upotterj', esq. — Arms. — Arg., two bars gules on a canton of the second, a cinquefoil of the first, John Preston (justice in the time of Henry V.) married and had issue Richard of Lancaster ; who married a daughter of Middleton of Middle- ton's-Hall, and had issue Thomas ; who married a daughter of Redman, of Twyseldon in Yorkshire, and had issue John, Lawrence. John married a daughter of Redman, of Harwood of Yorkshire, and had issue Thomas ; who married a daughter of William Thornbury, and had issue John, Chris- topher, George, Dorothy, (married toTravers;) Ehzabeth, (to Caufield;) Ann, (to Bannister;) Ellen, (to the Lord Monteagle;) Jane, (to Lamp- lugh ;) Katharine, (to Sergeant Carus, sergeant-at-law to Queen Ehza- beth.) John Preston, esq., married a daughter of Sir Christopher Curwyn, knight, and had issue Thomas, Thomas, Nicholas, Margaret. Thomas Preston, of Cockerham in Lancaster, (second son and heir to John,) married Margaret, daughter of Robert Fisher of Cockerham, and had issue Wilham and Roger. Roger Preston, of Upottery, married Alice, daughter of William Perry of Membury, and had issue Thomas sans issue, and Henry; who married Eh- * The Treasurer's "Will made 27th October, 1576, was proved 15th December, 1584 ; his widow, Joan, made her Will at Ugbrooke 24th April, 1591, which was proved 25th July, 1593. G. O.,— P. J. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 589 zaheth, daughter ofWilliam Hancock, of Comb-Martin, esq., and had issue Roger, Henry, William, a daughter married to Dotting, and two others. BROWN, of Brownlarsh in the parish of Langtree. — Arms. — Gules, a chevron ermine between two chevronels and three escalops or. John Brown, of Langtree, married and had issue Thomas, and Dorothy married to Peter Prouz of Widdecomb. Thomas Brown, of Brownlarsh, married Joan, daughter and heir of John Lene, of Cutmansjegh in Corn- wall, son and heir of John Lene and Joan his wife, sister and heir of Tho- mas Wenwynick of Prust in Cornwall, and had issue John, Bruit, Sir Tho- mas, Philippa, Charity, Jane, (married to Walter Cottle of Yealmbridge ;) Agnes, Ellen, and Margaret. John and Bruit died sans issue. Sir Tho- mas Brown (third son and heir,) married Langdon, daughter and heir of Thomas Langdon of Cornwall.* HENSCOT, of Henscot, gent. — Arms. — Ermine, on a fess azure be- tween three leopards' faces azure four pallets argent. Tristram Henscot married Ann, daughter of Thomas Pomeroy, of Bowdon in Totnes, esq., and had issue John, Nicholas, and Agnes married to William Trowbridge of Ottery St. Mary. John married Agnes, daughter of William Marwood, of Westcot in the parish of Marwood, esq., and had issue Tho- masin, (married to William Pointingdon, of Pennycot in the parish of Sho- brook ;) and Ehzabeth to . WOOD, (alias DE BOSCO,) of North-Tawton, esq.— Arms. — Argent, three bars sable on a canton gules, a demi-savage bearing a club on his shoulder or. John Wood (aHas de Bosco,) of North-Tawton, married and had issue John ; who married Thomasin, daughter of Roger de Lederston, and had issue Adam ; who married Alice, daughter of David Servington, and had issue John ; who married Ahce, daughter and coheir of Matthew Newlanti, of Newland in North-Tawton, and had issue Richard and John, Richard mar- ried Joan, daughter and coheir of Oliver Champernon of North-Tawton, second son of Sir Richard Champernon and Joan his vnfe, natural daughter of Richard, King of the Romans, and of Egelina his wife, daughter and co- * Sir Thomas Brown made his Will 23rd October, 1611, which was proved at Exeter in May, 1613. He desired to be buried in the north aisle of Langtree church " near where mj' father is buried." — The bulk of his property he left to the family of Harris of Little-Marland. G. O.,— P. J. 4 F 590 DF.VONSHIRE FAMILIES. heir of Hugh de Valetort, (Elizabeth, the second coheir, was married to Sir Richard Cliampernon, elder brother of Oliver ;) son and heir of Sir John de Valetort, knight, son and heir of Sir Philip, knight, son and heir of Jocelyn, son and heir of Jocelyn de Valetort and Emma his wife, daughter of Bote- reaux, and had issue William ; who married Emma, daughter and coheir of William White of Holcomb-Paramor, and had issue John ; who married Margery, daughter and heir of Oliver Huish, and had issue John, and Maud mairied to William Stenyng, John married Ann, daughter of John Pollard, of Norwood, esq., and had issue John ; who married Thomasin, daughter and heir of WilUam Crese, and had issue Richard ; who married Emma, daughter of John Bear, of Huntshara, esq., and had issue Alexander, Ibot, (married to John Giffard, of Halesbury in the parish of Paracomb, esq.;) and Dorothy, (to John Kelly, of Kelly, esq.) Alexander married Ann, daughter and heir of Bartholomew St. Leger, fourth son of Wilham St. Leger, of Hoocomb in Kent, and had issue Richard, and Katharine married to Mark Slader, of Bath in North-Tawton, esq.) Richard married Isod, daughter and heir of Richard Copleston, third son of John, of Copleston in the parish of Colebrook, esq., [the margin tells us, the daughter of Richard Beeston, of Beeston-Castle in Cheshire,] and had issue Christopher, John, Ann, (married to Lawrence Meggs ;) Dorothy, (to John Kelly, of KeUy» esq.) Christopher Wood, of Ashridge, esq., married Katharine, daughter of Wyndham of Somerset, and had issue John ; who married Margaret, daugh- ter of John Copleston, of Eggesford and Stone, esq., and had issue Chris- topher, John, Beavis, Thomas, Ehzabeth, (married to Richard Tottle of North-Tawton, esq., and had issue Mark and Richard ; secondly to Hugh Pollard of Hatherleigh ;) Florence, (to William Kempe, of Blisland in Corn- wall ;) Joan, (to Peter West of Tiverton, and hath issue John ;) Bridget, and Margery. Christopher married Margaret, daughter and heir of Bar- tholomew Thorn, of Sheepwash, esq., sans issue ; secondly he married Ma- ry, daughter of William Fowel, of Dipford-Down in Dipford parish. John (second son of John,) married Ann, daughter of Reed of Wembury, and hath issue Margaret. WOOD, of Lewtrenchard, esq. — Arms. — Sable, three leopards' faces be- tween nine cross-crosslets or. Edmund Wood, esq., married Jane, daughter of Franklin, of Tudlake, DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 591 esq., and had issue John, William, another son, a daughter married to Hugh Prust of Gorfen, another to Cambray, another to Rogers. John married Katharine, daughter of John Wolcot of Exeter, and had issue Thomas, William, Elizabeth, Alice, Philippa. WOOD, (ahas AT- WOOD,) of Hareston in the parish of Brixton, esq. — Arms. — Argent, on a hill an oak vert, acorns or. William Wood married the daughter and heir of Walter Will of Venn, and had issue John ; who married a daughter of Carslake, and had issue Richard ; who married Katharine, daughter of Fowel, of Fowelscomb, esq., and had issue John, Thomas a priest, Alice, (married to Burley;) Eliza- beth, (to Francis Copleston, of Bowden in Yealmpton ;) , (to Cotterel of Yeo.) John married Jane, daughter of William Fortescue, of Wood, esq., and had issue Richard, John, Nicholas, Joan, (married to Robert Nor- legh of Alphington ;) Alice, (to Richard Moyne of Ermington, and after to Spelt of the same parish.) Richard married Philippa, daughter of John Hillersdon, of Membland in the parish of Holbeton, esq., and had issue John and Elias. John Wood, esq., married Thomasin, daughter of George Southcot, of Calverleigh, esq., and hath issue Richard, George, John, Dorothy, (married to Blake of Brixham ;) Joan, (to Fortescue, secondly to Nicholas Opie of Plymouth ;) Mary, (to Anthony Arundell of Bideford ;) Susan, (to Saltren, parson of Bradford ;) Ursula, (to .) Richard, son and heir, married a daughter and coheir of Estcot, and hath issue. HONYCHURCH, of Tavistock and Aveton-Giffard, esq.— Arms.— Azure, on a bend argent a dragon's head erazed between two mullets gules. John Honychurch, of Tavistock, married Jane, daughter of Robert Weeks, and had issue John ; who married Joan, daughter of John Julkin, and had issue Walter ; who married Maryann, daughter of John Fitz of Tavistock, and had issue William, and Agnes married to Richard Hawke of Tavistock, and after to John Prideaux and had issue. William Honychurch married Emma, daughter of John Cole of North-Tawton, and had issue Anthony, Thomas, Bennet, Ann, (married to John Yeo of Hatherleigh ;) Margaret, (to Carswel of Paignton.) Anthony Honychurch, of Aveton-Giffard, esq., married Isabel, daughter of Thomas Fortescue, of Wimpston in Modbury, esq., and had issue John ; who married Mary, daughter and coheir of Edmund Rowland, of Bow in 592 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES, the parish of Nymet-Tracey, and had issue Henry, Anthony sans issue, John, Mary, (married to Robert Crispin of East-Portlemouth ;) Ehzabeth, second wife of Richard Cole of Aveton-GiiFard;) Helena unmarried, Alice, (married to WiUiam Wilhams, of Guiman in Cornwall ;) Mary, (to John Cole, son of Richard Cole aforesaid ; secondly to George Crocker of Lynham ;) Katharine unmarried. Henry Honychurch, of Luton in Aveton-Giffard, married Ehzabeth, daughter of Edward Lackington, of Ashprington, esq., and had issue John, Arthur, Germyn, Henry, Mary, Elizabeth ; secondly he married Pascha, daughter of Norleigh of Inwardleigh, and had issue Paskow ; thirdly he married Gertrude, daughter of Robert Drake, of Wiscomb, esq., sine prole. STOWFORD, of Stowford, esq. — Arms. — Argent, two glaziers' irons in saltier sable between four pears or. Thomas Stowford, esq., married Ann, daughter of Copleston, of Luck- ham in Somerset, esq,, and had issue Philip and Richard. Philip married Alice, daughter of William Yeo, of Heanton, esq., and had issue Robert, Thomas, Mary, (married to Robert liympenny of Netherexe;) Jane, (to Richard Pry, of HorweU in Colebrook, esq.;) Elizabeth, (to William Vesyey.) Robert married Ehzabeth, daughter and heir of John Menhinnick, of Corn- wall, and of his wife, daughter and coheir of Hey of Cornwall, and had is- sue John, Thomas, William, Robert, Ahce, (married to Thomas Langdon of Cornwall, issue a daughter and heir married to Sir Thomas Brown, of Brownlarsh, knight ;) Joan, (to John Melhuish, of Truro in Cornwall.) John married Marj^. daughter of John Arscot, of Dunsland, esq,, and had issue Robert and Richard. YEO, of Heanton-Sachvile, esq, — Arms, — Argent, a chevron sable be- tween three shovelers azure, membered and beaked or, Nicholas Yeo, esq,, married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sachvile, esq., and had issue John ; who married Ahce, and had issue WiUiam ; who married Jane, daughter and heir of John Esse, of Westawse, esq., and had issue Robert ; who married Jane, daughter and heir of Wilham P}Tie, of BradweU, esq,, and had issue John; who married Ahce, daughter and heir of John Jew, of Cotley, esq,, and had issue William ; who man-ied Eleanor, daughter of Wilham Grenvile, of Stow in Cornwall, esq,, and had issue Robert, Nicholas, Edmund, Leonard, Helen, (married to John Holland, of Wear, esq.;) Alice, (to Phihp Stowford, of Stowford, esq,) Robert married DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 593 Alice, sister to Humphrey Walrond, of Bradfield in UfFculm, esq., and had issue Philip who died sans issue, William, Nicholas, Edward, Robert, Ehza- beth, (married to Sir John Crocker, of Lynham in the parish of Yealmpton, knight;) Joan unmarried. WiDiam married Joan, daughter of Sir Thomas Fulford, of Fulford, knight, and had issue Robert, Humphrey, Alice, (mar- ried to Humphrey CoUes of Derworthy;) Joan, (to John Triplet of Corn- wall.) Robert married Mary, daughter of Bartholomew Fortescue, of FU- leigh, esq., and had issue Margaret, married to Henry RoUe, third son of George Rolle, of Stevenston in the parish of St. Giles, esq., and had issue Robert, Nicholas, William, Frances, and Susan. YEO, of Huish, gent. — Edmund (third son of William Yeo, eldest son of John, of Heanton-Sachvile, esq.,) married a daughter of Clark of Dol- ton, and had issue Thomas, WiUiam, Humphrey, Margaret, (married to John Hanger ;) Alice, (to .) Thomas married Margaret, daughter of Beche, of Warminster in Wiltshire, and had issue John, Humphrey, Ann, Thomasin, (married to William Rogers ;) Mary, (to Mark Gay, of Bow in the parish of Nymet-Tracey. John married Elizabeth, daughter of William Fortescue, of Buckland-FUleigh, esq., and had issue William, Roger, Ann. YEO, of Hatherleigh, esq. — Nicholas (second son of WiUiam, eldest son of John, son of Robert, son of Wilham, son of John, son of Nicholas of Heanton-Sachvile, esq.,) married Jane, daughter of William Honychurch of Tavistock, and had issue John, Leonard, Margaret. Leonard married, first Arminal, daughter of Christopher Bereford of London, issue George, Mil- lisent (married to Henry Bricknol of Plymouth ;) Mary, (to Nicholas Mar- tjTi of Exeter :) secondly he married Dionysia, daughter of WiUiam Doteyn of Harberton, sans issue. George married Ehzabeth . ROLLE, of Stevenston in the parish of St. GUes, knight. — Arms. — Or, on a bar dansette between three delves azure, charged with as many lions saltier of the first, three bezants. George Rolle, of Stevenston, esq., married to his second wife Eleanor, daughter of Henry Dacres of London, and had issue John, George, Chris- topher, Henry, Robert, Morris, Christian, (married to Richard Weeks, of Nived-Flory in Somerset, esq.; secondly to James Courtenay, of Cheriton- Fitzpaine, esq.;) Jacquette, Elizabeth, (first married to Robert MaUet, of WoUegh, esq.; secondly to Sir John Ackland, of Culm-John, knight ;) Mary immarried. John Rolle, esq., married Margai-et, daughter of John Ford, 594 DKVONSHIRK FAMILIES. of Ashburton, esq., and had issue Henry, Valentine, Alexander, George, Joachim, Robert, John, Honor, and Margery. ''Henry Rolle, knight, mar- ried, first Elizabeth, daughter of Watts of Somerset, and had issue Sir Henry Rolle, knight ; secondly Jane, daughter of John Fortescue, of Fallopit. esq., the relict of Richard Halse, of Kenedon, esq., sans issue. He died July, 1625. Henry Rolle, of Bicton, knight, married Ann, eldest daughter and coheir of Sir Thomas Dennis of Bicton, knight, and had issue Dennis and Ann, and died before his father. Dennis Rolle, esq., married Margaret, daughter of John, Lord Pawlet, of Hinton St. George, Somerset, and hath issue Flo- rence, (married to Sir John Rolle, of Stevenston, knight;) Margaret, (to Sir John Ackland, of Culm-John, bart.;) Ann, (to William Cooke, of Highnam- Court, Gloucestershire ;) Elizabeth, (to William Strode, esq.;) and Frances, who died an infant. Sir John Rolle, of Stevenston and Bicton, knight of the Bath, married Florence, daughter and coheir of Dennis Rolle aforesaid, and had issue John, (who married Margaret, daughter of the Earl of , issue a son, who died before his father, who is yet living, 1696 ;) Dennis, two other sons, and Florence married to Sir Bourchier Wrey, of Tawstock, baronet and knight of the Bath. MARTIN, of Comb-Martin. — Arms. — Argent, two bars gules. Martin de Turon came into England with Wdliam the Conqueror, and was Baron of Kemys, ahas Camois, in Wales, and lord of Comb-Martin and Martin's-Hoe, (his sister was Concha, or Conthes, wife of Ccdfurnius, (or Calprunius in the margin,) Presbiter Brittannus and mother of St. Patrick of Ireland ;) married and had issue Robert. Robert, son of Martin, called Ro- bert Fitz-Martin, was lord of Kemys, he married and had issue Robert ; who married and had issue Nicholas and Roger. Nicholas married and had issue Robert, who had issue Sir William, Robert. Sir William was also baron of Dartington near Totnes, who married and had issue Nicholas. He lived in the time of King John. Nicholas Martin, (lord of Kemys and Dartington, lived 37th Henry III., 1253,) married Maud, daughter and heir of Tracey, baron of Barnstaple, and had issue WiUiam. William Martin (baron of Kemys, Dartington, and Barnstaple, 34th Ed- ward I., 1306,) married Eleanor, daughter and coheir of WUliam Mohun, and had issue Sir William, Joan, coheir to her brother, (first married to Nicholas, Lord Audlegh, of Heleigh, issue James, Lord Audlegh, and Alice; DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 595 secondly to Henry Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, his second wife, but had no issue by him ;) Eleanor, the other coheir, (to Philip de Columbariis, and had by petition the manor of Tawstock, who had by her Ahce, his sole heir, mar- ried to Ralph Basset, issue Ralph, who died 44th Edward IIL sine prole. All died sans issue.) William Martin (lord &c., died sans issue and left his sisters coheirs,) married Margaret , she was secondly married to Robert de Watenill. I find, by an extent upon the manor of Comb-Martin, taken at Exou 26th May, 1326, upon the death of William, son of William Martin thus, — " Et dicunt quod Eleanor de Hasting soror dicti WiUi. Martini ante nata et Jacobus de Audelegh filius Johanne alterius sororis dicti WiUielmi sunt propinquiores heredes dicti WiUielmi et dicunt quod Eleanor est etatis ano- rum 30 et amplius, et Jacobus filius Johane 13 anorum." Robert Martin (second son of Robert,) married and had issue Robert ; who married and had issue Robert ; who married and had issue Sir Robert, of Yevelton, knight ; who married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of William Yevelton, alias Gevelton, 19th Edward H., issue OHver; who married and had issue Sir Robert 32nd Edward HL Sir Robert Martin, of Athelhampston in the parish of Piddletown in Dor- set, knight, married Agnes, daughter and heir of Richard Londres, lord of Ogmoor, and had issue Richard ; who married and had issue Thomas ; who married, first Philippa, daughter of Baldwin Mallet, of Enmore in Somerset, and of Amy his wife, daughter and heir of Lyte, sans issue ; secondly he married a daughter of Sir John Clyvedon, knight, and had issue William ; who married, first Isot, daughter and heir of Thomas Farringdon, of Far- ringdon in Dorset, and had issue Christopher ; secondly Christian, daugh- ter of Sir William Paulet, of Hinton- St. -George, knight, the rehct of Henry Hull of St. Leonards, secondly of Nicholas Chichester, of Ralegh, esq., and had issue Richard, and Ehzabeth married to John Carew of Haccombe. Christopher, son and heir, married Christian, daughter of John Caverel, of Chamerwell in Dorset, and had issue Thomas. He died 22nd March, 1524. Thomas married Mary, daughter of James Daubeny, second bro- ther to Giles, Lord Daubeny. He died before his father, but left issue Ro- bert ; who married Elizabeth, daughter of John Kelway, of Rockborn in Southampton, and had issue Nicholas ; who married Margaret, daughter of John Wadham, of Mery field in Somerset, esq., (and of Jane his wife, one of 596 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. the seven daughters and coheirs of John Kelway,) and coheir also to Ni- cholas Wadham her brother, and had issue Ehzabeth, (married to Brayn, of Louth in Dorset, esq.;) Frances, (to Thomas White, of Piddleford in Dorset ;) Jane, (married, first to Tichborn, secondly to DiUington ;) Ann, (married to Anthony Floyer of Floyers-Hays.) Richard Martin, of Exon, (second son of Sir William of Athelhampston, knight, eldest son by his second wife, Christian Paulet,) married, first Mar- garet, daughter and heir of Thomas Gold, and had issue Adam ; secondly Margaret, daughter of William Hurst, of Exon, esq., and had issue Nicho- las, Thomas, and William. Adam, son and heir, mairied Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Johnson, esq., and had issue Hugh. Hugh Martin, of Seaborough, esq., married Agnes, daughter of Preston of Somerset, esq., and had issue Christopher ; who married Ursula, daughter of Henry Henslegh, of Spax- ton, esq. Nicholas Martin, of Exon, (second son of Richard, of Exon, by his se- cond wife, daughter of Hurst,) married, first Mary, daughter of Leonard Yeo of Hatherleigh, and had issue William, Leonard, Nicholas, Julyan, (maiTied to George Prestwood, esq.;) Margaret, (to John EUacot of Ex- eter ;) Mary, (to John Chapel of Exeter, sine prole :) secondly he married Mary, daughter of WiUiam Strode, of Newnham, esq., the relict of Thomas Prestwood of Exeter, sans issue. William Martin (Recorder of Exeter,) married Susan, daughter of Thomas Prestwood, of Exeter, esq., and had issue Sir Nicholas, WiUiam, Edward, and Susan married to Peter Beavis, of Exeter, esq. Sir Nicholas Martin, of Oxton, knight, married Ehzabeth, daughter of John Sims, of Poundisford in Somerset, knight, and hath issue Susanna, (married to Charles Stennings, of Somerset, esq.;) and Dorothy. Thomas Martin, mayor of Exeter, (third son of Richard Martin, of Ex- eter, by his second wife, daughter of Hurst,) married Alice, daughter of Blackball ; secondly he married Margaret, daughter of Hill. William Martin, mayor of Exeter, (third son of Richard, of Exeter, by his second wife, married Ann, daughter of Richard Parker, of Sussex, esq., and had issue Richard, recorder of London, sans issue ; and Thomas : se- condly he married Katharine, daughter of WiUiam Bogan of Totnes, and had issue Nicholas, John, &c. AMERIDITH, of Crediton and Slapton.— Arms.— Gules, a lion rampant regardant or. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 597 Thomas Ameridith, of Melneath, Radnorshire in Wales, esq., married and had issue David, and Griffith who married Joan, daughter of Thomas Moore of Sandridge, and had issue Edward, Hercules, John, and Ann mar- ried to John Levermore of Exeter. Edward Ameridith, of Crediton, esq,, married Elizabeth, daughter of Lewis Fortescue of Spriddleston, issue Tho- mas, John, Lewis, Mary, (married to William Loveis of Ogbear ;) Ann, (married to Thomas Fortescue, son and heir of Henry Fortescue, of Wimp- ston, esq.) Thomas Ameridith, of Slapton, married Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Champernon, of Modbury, esq., and hath issue Edward. LEVERMORE, of Exeter, gent. — Arms. — Argent, a fess sable between three fleur-de-lis vert. Maurice Levermore, esq., (mayor of Exeter, 1564,) married Elizabeth, daughter of John Bodlegh of Exeter, second son of John, of Dunscomb in Crediton, esq., and had issue John, a daughter married to Hutchings of Exeter, another to Radford of Chudleigh. John (mayor of Exeter, 1596,) married Ann, daughter of Griffith Ameridith, esq., and had issue John of Exeter, Edward of London, Elizabeth, (married to John Walton, of Pil- ton, esq., doctor of physick ; secondly to Achilles Giff"ard ;) Joan, (to John Taylor, of Exeter, merchant.) John married AHce, daughter of John Ap- howel of Bristol, and hath issue John, William, Maurice, Ann, (wife of John Richards, of Exeter, merchant ;) and Grace. PROUSE, of Exeter, gent. — Arms. — Ermine, three lions rampant. Richard Prouse (mayor of Exeter in 1578, 1589, and 1600,) married Richord, daughter of Vincent of Exeter, and had issue John, William, Phi- hp, Mary, (married to Edward Hert, town clerk of Exeter;) Wilmot, (to Tho- mas Dowrish, of Heath-Barton in Whiteston, esq.:) secondly he married Ann, daughter of Vaughan. John Prouse (mayor of Exeter, 1602 and 1618,) married Judith, daugh- ter of Eustace Ohver of Exeter, and hath issue Richard, and Judith wife of Nicholas Spicer of Exeter ; secondly he married . Richard Prouse (son and heir of John,) married Honor, daughter of Ni- cholas Turberville of Crediton, and hath issue John, Sarah, Margaret. William Prouse (second son of Richard,) married Dorothy . Philip Prouse (third son of Richard,) married Margaret, daughter of Beale of Cornwall. 4g 598 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. DAVY, of Sandford, esq. — Arms. — Azure, three roses on a chief or, a lion passant sable. Robert Davy, of Crediton, married and had four children, of which the youngest, John Davy,* thrice mayor of Exeter in 1584, 1594, and 1604, married twice : by his first wife he had. no issue, but by his second, Mar- garet, daughter of George Southcot, of Calverleigh, esq., he had issue John, and Margaret married to Gideon Haydon, son and heir of Robert Haydon, of Cadhay in Ottery St. Mar}-, esq. John Davy, of Newhouse, alias Greedy, in Sandford, esq., married Julyan, daughter of Sir William Strode, of Newnham, knight, and hath issue John, WilUam, Mary, and Elizabeth. FURSLAND, of Bickington, gent. — Arms. — Or, a hon rampant sable between three crosses formee fitchy gules. William Fursland, of Bovey-Tracey, married and had issue William; who married Avice, daughter and heir of Whitchurch of Newton- Abbot, issue John, and Margaret married to John Comyn. John married EUzabeth, daughter of Richard Yard, of Bradley, esq., and had issue John, Mary, Agnes, Joan, and Ann. John Fursland, of Bickington, married Margaret, daughter of Thomas Cole, of Slade, esq., the relict of Thomas Southcot of Southcot, and had issue Walter, Judith, (married to Alexander Gottom of Abbots- Kerswell;) Ursula, (to Robert Barnes of Plymouth;) AEce, (to Hugh Lear of Ipplepen ;) Thomasin, (to Robert Lynham of Cornwall.) Walter married Katharine, daughter of Thomas Bear, of Hunsham, esq., and had issue John, William, Richard, Hugh, Benjamin, Joan, (wife of Walter Staddon of Christow ;) Margaret, and Agnes. John, son and heir, married Joan, daughter of Langworthy, of Liswell in Widdecomb, and hath issue Walter. William (second son of Walter Fursland,) married Hiereth, daughter of John Seward. KENDAL, of Treworgy in Cornwall, of Kingsbridge and Exeter, Devon, gent. — Arms. — Argent, a chevron between three dolphins sable. Thomas Kendal, of Treworgy, married and had issue Richard, Elizabeth, and Joan. Richard Kendal, of Kingsbridge, married Katharine, daughter * This charitable Mayor died on the 11th and was buried the 16th January, 1611-12, aet 70; his monument is in the south aisle of St. Mary Arches Church, Exeter. G. O.,— P. J. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 599 of Moor, and had issue John ; who married Elizabeth, daughter of Yeoman, issue John ; secondly he married Agnes, daughter of Peter Hoopwell of West-AlHngton, issue George, of Exeter; who married Katharine, daugh- ter of Robert Moor of Exeter, issue George, Thomas, Ann, Ehzabeth, and Martha. SKINNER, of Cowley, gent. — Arms. — Argent, a chief azure, semee fleur-de-lis, or. John Skinner married the daughter and heir of Cornish, issue John; who married Alice, daughter and heir of Francis Maurice of Exeter, issue Tris- tram, Margery, (married to Huish ;) Joan, (to Bawden ;) Susan, (to Henry Copleston, of Stenson in Upton-Pyne ;) Marcella, (to Walters.) Tristram married Mary, daughter of Richard Greenfield, and sister of Sir George Greenfield, of Penheal in Cornwall, knight, and hath issue John and Grace. This Tristram died 14th December, 1635. MATHEW, of Wales, and Dodbrook in Devon. — Arms. — Sable, a stork argent. Jenkin Mathew, of Wales, married Lucy, daughter and heir of William Starkey of Wiltshire, brother to Sir Humphrey Starkey, knight, and had issue John ; who married Agnes, daughter of WilUam Gamage of Wales, brother of John Gamage, esq., son and heir of Sir Walter Gamage, knight, and had issue Edmund. Edmund Mathew, of Dodbrook, married Alice, daughter of John Risby of Cornwall, and had issue John, Walter, Martha, all died sans issue ; se- condly he married Cecily, daughter of Thomas Reynell, of Malston, esq., and had issue Edmund, James, Tristram, Alice, (married to PhiHp Courte- nay, of MoUand, esq.;) Margaret, (to Henry Penny of Dodbrook;) Agnes, (to John Roupe ;) and Mary unmarried. Edmund married Ann, daughter of Thomas Parker of North-Molton, and had issue James, Thomas, Phihp, Edmund, Richard, Urith, (married to William Roupe ;) Agnes, Grace, Ma- ry, and Alice. NORTHCOT, of Uton in Crediton, and Hayne in Newton St. Cyres, esq. — Arms. — Argent, three crosses crossed, botony in bend sable. John Northcot married and had issue Walter of Crediton ; who married Elizabeth, daughter of Hill, of Shilston in Modbury, and had issue John, Robert sine prole, and Philip who married Elizabeth, daughter of TresiHan, of Tresihan in Cornwall. John Northcot, of Uton, married Elizabeth, 600 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. daughter of Thomas Dowrish, of Dowrish in Sandford, esq., and had issue Walter, John, Phihp, WiUiam, Ann, (married to Robert Davy, of Canon- teign, esq.;) Ehzabeth, (first to Humphrey Selwood of Newton St. Cyres, sans issue ; secondly to Robert Young of Colebrook ;) Richord, (to John Meryfield, of Crewkerne in Somerset, esq.;) Honor, first to Furse, of Hit- tesleigh ; secondly to William Champneys ;) Katharine, (to Emanuel Davy of Sandford.) Walter Northcot, esq., married Mary, daughter and heir of Edmund Drew, of Hayne in Newton St. Cyres, esq., and had issue Eliza- beth married to George Yard, of Churchton, esq. John Northcot, of Hajme and Uton, esq., (second son and heir,) married, first Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Anthony Rouse, of Halton in Cornwall, knight, and of Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Thomas Southcot, esq., and one of the coheirs of Grace his wife, daughter and heir of Barnhouse, of Marsh in Newton St. Cyres, and had issue Anthony, who died sine prole ; secondly he married Susan, daughter of Sir Hugh Pollard, of King's-Nymet, knight, and hath issue John, Lewis, Edmund sans issue, Amias, Francis, Walter, William, Pollard, Ehzabeth, (married to William Lacy, son and heir of William Lacy, of Har- borough in Somerset, esq.; secondly to Thomas Fulford, third son of Tho- mas Fulford, of Fulford, esq., sans issue :) Susan, Dorothy, Gertrude, Fran- ces, and Ann. YOUNG, of Axminster and Upton-Helions, esq.; [now of Estcot, Tal- laton, and Colyton, bart.] — Arms. — Ermine, on a bend cotized sable three griffins' heads erazed or. Walter Young (a younger son of the house of Bassildon, in Berkshire, fined, 1st Queen Mary, for not taking the order of knighthood,) married and had issue John of Axminster ; who married Joan, daughter of Cockington, ahas Cottington, and had issue John of Colyton, Walter who married one Ehzabeth an alien, Alice, (married to William Westover;) Amy, (to Richard Belke of Bristol ;) Margery, (to Hercules Pyne ;) Helen, (to John Parret ; secondly to Robert Snow :) and Robert, who married Ann, the daughter of Hassard. John Young, of Colyton, married Alice, daughter of Steer, Eind had is- sue Walter, John sans issue, Joan, (married to Richard Mallock, of Ax- mouth, esq.;) Alice, (to Humphrey Cockram of Cullompton ;) Ann, (to Robert Hill of Taunton ;) Jane, (to William Hill, of Painsford, Somerset;) Mary, (to William Fry of Yarty,) Walter, of Upton-Hehons, esq., mar- DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 601 ried Jane, daughter and coheir of John Perriam, lord chief baron, and hath issue Sir John, Walter, Jane. Sir John Young, of Axminster, knighted 15th October, 1625, married Ehzabeth, daughter of Sir William Strode, of Newnham, knight, and hath issue John. YARD, of Bradley in High-Week, and Church ston- Ferrers. — Arms. — Argent, a chevron gules between three water bougets sable. Roger Yard married Elizonta daughter of William BusseU of Teign- Week, and sister and at last heir to her brother WiUiam, son of William, son of Theobald, (in the time of Edward II.,) son of Robert, and had issue Thomas; who married and had issue Richard of Bradley; who married Joan, daughter and heir of William Ferrers of Churchton-Ferrers, and had issue Gilbert, and died 6th Edward IV. Gilbert married Mary, daughter of Sir WUliam Wadham, and had issue Roger, and Joan married to Thomas Gale. Roger married a daughter of Richard Halse of Kenedon, and had issue Richard ; who married Margaret, daughter of WiUiam Bampfield of Poltimore, issue Thomas, John, Richard, Henry, WiUiam, Isabel, (married to John Fursland ;) Margaret, (to WiUiam Hody ;) Amy, (to John Hol- beam ;) and Grace. Thomas married Elizabeth, daughter of John Leve- son, of Warwickshire, sergeant-at-law, and had issue John sans issue, Ed- ward, Nicholas, and Peter ; secondly he married Joan, daughter of WiUiam Hurst of Exon, and had issue Thomas, and Gilbert. Thomas married Ma- ry, daughter of Gregory Huckmore, of Bokeyt, esq., and died sans issue ; and by Joan, daughter of Hurst, he had Mary, (married to John Symons, of Birmingham, sergeant-at-law;) Joan, (to Matthew Hull, of St. Leonard's, esq.) Gilbert Yard, of Bradley, married and had issue Thomas ; who married, first Joan, daughter of Robert Hurst of Modbury, and had issue GUbert, and Joan married to Matthew Hull, of Larkbear, esq. Gilbert married Joan, daughter of Grigg of Exeter, and had issue Gilbert, Henry, (who married Christian, and hath issue GUbert ;) Richard, WUUam, Arthur, Tho- mas, George, Ursula, (married to Josias Evelegh, seventh son of John, of Holcombe, esq., of Exeter;) Mary, to John Geare of Kenn.) Gilbert mar- ried Judith, daughter of Walter Hele, of Newton Ferrers, esq., and had issue Walter, GUbert, Leonard, Judith, Joan, Dorothy, and Ehzabeth. He died suddenly 1625. Edward Yard, of Churchston, esq., son and heir of Thomas by EUza- g()2 • DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. beth, daughter of Sergeant Leveson,* married Agnes, daughter of WiUiam Strode, of Newnham, esq., and had issue Arthur sans issue, George, Mary, Margaret, and Elizabeth ; secondly he married Ann, daughter of Gregory Huckmore, and had issue a son who died young, Bridget married to Com- min, another to Sheers and one to Land, of Churchston. George married Christian, daughter of John Giles, of Bowdon, esq., and coheir of Sir Ed- ward Giles, knight, her brother, and hath issue Edward ; who married Eli- zabeth, daughter and heir of Walter Northcot, of Uton in Crediton, esq., and of Mary his wife, daughter and heir of Edmund Drew, of Hayne in New- ton, esq., and had issue Giles, Edward, Joan, and Lettice. He died before his father, and his wife married secondly to Barnabas Potter, D. D., and parson of Diptford and Dean-Prior, after lord-bishop of CarUsle, issue four daughters, [one married to Anthony Clifford, rector of Newton- Ferrers ; the second to John Copleston, D. D., rector of Broad-Chst, and provost of King's College in Cambridge, sans issue ; the third to Tunstal a minister, issue two daughters ; the fourth to Martin of Cockington, sans issue.] SHAPCOT of Exeter. — William married and had issue Simon; who married and had issue Thomas ; who married and had issue William ; who married and had issue John ; who married Edith, daughter and heir of Windyat, and had issue John ; who married a daughter of Molheuse, and had issue PhiHp ; who married Elizabeth, daughter of William Isaac, issue Thomas ; who married Urith, daughter of Henry Sothern of Poughill, issue Thomas, Maria, Urith, Dorothy, [ Mary married to Thomas Southcot, of Dulcishays, esq., and hath issue George sans issue, Thomas, Henry, Mary, (married to George Saffin, alderman of Exeter ;) Dorothy, (to James Walk- er, mayor of Exeter, and youngest brother to Sir Thomas Walker, of Ex- eter, knight ;) Urith, (to Sir Courtenay Pole, of Shute, hart., and hath is- sue Sir John Pole.^bart.;) Jane, (to Sir Copleston Bampfield, of Poltimore, bart., sans issue ;) Penelope, (to Francis Roberts, younger son of the Earl of Radnor ;) Dorothy unmarried,] * John Levesou lies buried in the north aisle of the church of Sutton-Colshill, War- wickshire, with this epitaph : — " Orate pro animabus Johannis Leveson et Amicie uxoris sue, qui habuerunt exitum Willielmum cancellarium Ecclesie Cathedralis Exonie, et Eli- zabeth nuptam Thome Yard, armigero comitatus Devonie, ac Annam nuptam Georgio Robinson, mercatori Londinensi." Which Amicia was daughter of William Harman, alias Voisy, and sister to John Voisy, alias Harman, bishop of Exeter. — Dugdales's An- tiquities of Warwickshire ; page 668. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. ()03 HATCH, of AUer in the parish of South-Molton, esq. — Arms. — Gules, two demi hons passant gai-dant or. Wilham Hatch bought the house of Aller, and married and had issue Tho- mas, and Edith wife of Humphrey Prideaux, of Thuborough, esq. Thomas (barrister at law,) married and had issue Lewis, Robert of Saterleigh, John of Tree in the parish of Swymbridge, Ellen, (married to Humphrey Arscot, of Dunsland, esq.;) Dorothy, (to Thomas Trevillian, of Yarnscomb, esq.) Lewis married and had issue Thomas ; John of Langford, cousellor-at-law ; Lewis of Head-Mill ; Dorothy, (married to Humphrey Cruwys, of Cruwys- Morchard, esq.;) , (to Edmund ReyneD, of Malston, esq.;) , (to Walrond, of Bovey, esq.) Thomas married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Chichester, of Ralegh, knight, and had issue Arthur, afterwards slain in a quarrel in London by one Brett. Arthur married Margaret, daughter of Mallet, of Elm in Somerset, esq., and hath issue Thomas and Hugh. He died June 1625. LE HART, of Yamacomb in the parish of Modbury, gent, — Arms. — Ermine, an eagle displayed gules, vulned azure. Vincent Hart married and had issue John and Robert. John married Joan, daughter of Henry Fortescue, of Preston, esq., and had issue William, Phihp, and Arthur. Wilham married Ann, daughter of Christopher Chud- leigh, of Ashton, esq., sans issue. Philip (second son and heir,) married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Bremel, the relict of Rouse of Arming- ton, and had issue Wilham ; who married Susan, daughter of George Tro- bridge of Thorverton, and hath issue John, Richard, Phihp, Arthur, Tho- mas, Samuel, Francis. Arthur Hart, of Trencreek in the parish of Menheniot, Cornwall, (third son of John Hart of Yamacomb,) a soldier both in Ireland and the Low Countries, and muster-master of Devon, married Ahce, the daughter of. Philip Westcote, of Raddon in Shobrook, the relict of Roger Prye, of Hor- well in Colebrook, esq., and had issue John and William; secondly he mai-- ried the rehct of Furse, of Morshead in Dean-Prior, sans issue ; thirdly he married Joan, daughter of Thomas Lethbridge of Jacobstow, the rehct of Edward Cholwich of Newton-Ferrers, and had issue Joan. He died 1605, and was buried in Shobrook church. MOLFORD, of Moulton, and Cadbury in Chulraleigh.— Arms.— A fess between three swans proper. 604 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. William Molford, of Moulton, married Sabin, daughter of Vicary of Northam, and had issue Roger ; who married Ann, daughter and heir of Capnar, of Cadbury in Chulmleigh, and had issue Thomas, John, William, Mary, (married to Richard Pollard of Langley;) Agnes, (to John Garland, of Whitefield in Marwood;) Sabin, (to Hugh Staplehill, of Bremble in Ash- ton ; secondly to William Honywill of the same.) Thomas Molford, of Cad- bury, son and heir, married Susan, daughter of Thomas Southcot, of Bovey- Tracey, esq., issue Roger who died young, John, Thomas, Gilbert, (the two last died young,) Amy, (married to Robert Cooker, of Mapowder in Dorset, esq.;) Frances, Barbara, Thomasin, (to Richard Batson of Chulmleigh ;) Ma- ry, (to Joseph Weeks of Honychurch;) Susan, (to Edward Calmady of Wembury.) John (second son and heir,) married Elizabeth, daughter of Morgan, of Maperton in Dorset, but died sans issue, leaving his six sisters his heirs. John Molford (second son of Roger, heir of the name, counsellor-at-law,) married Cecil, daughter of May, of Charterhouse in Somerset, issue Roger, John, and five daughters, Ann the second (mairied to Marshal of Teign- grace ;) Susan, Mary, and Dorothy. William Molford, of Northam, (third son of Roger,) married Grace, daughter of Calmady of Wembury, issue Roger, and Ann. MARWOOD, of Westcot in the parish of Marwood. — Arms. — Gules, a chevron argent between three goats' heads erazed, ermine, attired or. William Marwood married Joan, daughter of Humphrey Courtenay, esq., issue John and Humphrey ; secondly he married Elizabeth, daughter of Saxby of London, and had issue Walter, Henry, Jane, (married to John Hengscot of Hengscot;) , (to Pytts.) John, son and heir, married Elizabeth, daughter of John Holbeam, of Holbeam, esq., issue John, Wil- liam, Jacquette, (married to Edward Chapman of Buckland-Brewer ;) Ahce, (to Richard Vigours, son and heir of John :) Elizabeth, (daughter of Hol- beam and wife of John Marwood,) married secondly to Richard or Robert Pollard, of Honiton. John Marwood, of Westcot, son and heir, married Jane, daughter of Thomas Warr, of Hestercomb in Somerset, esq., and had issue Elizabeth, (married to John Chichester of Hall ;) Eleanor, (to Robert Witchalse of Chudleigh ;) Gertrude, Katharine, and Mary unmarried. CHICHESTER, of Ralegh. — Arms. — Chequy or and gules, a chief vairy argent and azure. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 605 Walleran Cirencester, alias Chichester, descended from a brother of Ro- bert Chichester, bishop of Exeter in the time of King Stephen, He did homage to WiUiam de Ralegh for the manor of South-Pool 22nd Henry ni., as appeareth in the ledger-book of Tor-Abbey. He married and had issue John de Cirencester ; who married and had issue Sir John, knight ; who married and had issue Sir Thomas ; who married Avicia de Rotoma- go, (who brought to her husband the manors of Ledwinstone and Rester- comb, and levied a fine of them 8th Edward H.,) and had issue William de Cirencester ; who married and had issue John ; who married and had issue Richard, now called Chichester ; who married and had issue John ; who married and had issue Sir John, lord of Treverbin ; who married Tho- masin, daughter and heir of Sir John de Ralegh, knight, and Joan his wife, daughter of Sir Henry Pettet, knight, (this Sir John Ralegh had a brother. Sir Henr)% knight, from whom came Sir Walter Ralegh,) who was son of Sir William Ralegh, knight, and Beatrice his wife, daughter of Sir Robert Chandos, knight, son of Sir John Ralegh, knight, and Joan his wife, daughter of Sir Henry Tracy, knight, lord of Barnstaple, son of Sir William de Ralegh, knight, and Lora his wife, daughter of Sir Hugh Peverel, knight, son of Sir William de Ralegh and Joan his wife, daughter and coheir of Sir John de Stockhay, knight, son of Robert de Ralegh and Margaret his wife, daughter of Sir Philip Daubeny, knight, son and heir of Sir William de Ralegh, son and heir of Sir Hugh de Ralegh who lived in the time of King Stephen, and was lord of the manor of Ralegh near Barnstaple, now the seat of Chichester, which was then at South-Pool, and had issue Sir John Chichester, knight;* who married Joan, daughter and coheir of John Wot- ton and Alice his wife,' only daughter of Roger Morle and Alice his wife, daughter and heir of William le Prouz, lord of Auton, and had issue John ; who married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Richard Dimock, son and heir of John, son and heir of William Dimock and Elizabeth his wife, daugh- ter and heh of Ralph le Rouse, 5th Edward HI. This William Dimock had * [Another pedigree by the same author in the same M.S. John Chichester, of Ra- legh married Alice, daughter of John Wotton of Widworthy, and of Engretta his wife, daughter of William Dymock, son and heir of William Wotton and Gundred his wife, daughter and heir of Thomas Widger, son and heir of Henry Wotton and Julyan his wife, daughter and heir of Sir William le Prouz and Emma his wife, daughter and heir of Sir Hugh Widworthy, knight, son and heir of Sir William de Widworthy, knight.] 4h (JOG DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. with his wife the manor of Widworthy ; which by his deed, dated 20th Ed- ward III., he granted to her uncle, and this John Chichester had Richard ; who married Margaret, daughter of Nicholas Kaynes of Winkley, and had issue Nicholas, John, and Richard of Hall. Nicholas married Christian, daughter of Sir WUliam Pawlet, knight, and had issue John ; who married Margaret, daughter and heir of Hugh Beaumont and Thomasin his wife, daughter and heir of Oliver Wise, son of Thomas, son of Serlon, son of WiUiam, son of Henry, son of John Wise, knight, lord of Greston; son and heir of Sir Thomas Beaumont, son and heir of Wilham Beaumont, lord of High -Hampton, and of Isabel his wife, daughter and coheir of John Wel- lington, knight; (Elizabeth, the other coheir, was married to Sir William Patton, knight.) This William Beaumont was son of Sir Thomas, the son of William, the son of Thomas, the son of Sir John, son of Richard, son of Sir PhiHp Beaumont, lord of High-Hampton ; (this John WeUington de- scended from Wellington, that married the heir of Champernon, who was lord of Beauford ;) and this John Chichester had issue Edward, , and Amias of Arlington. Edward, son and heir, married Elizabeth, daughter of John, Earl of Bath, and had issue Sir John Chichester, knight ; who married Gertrude, daughter of Sir William Courtenay, of Powderham, knight, and had issue Sir John, Adrian sans issue. Sir Arthur, ( Baron of Belfast,) Sir John sine prole, and Sir Edward, (Vicount Belfast.) William Chichester, of Ralegh, married and had issue Ann, married to William Strechlegh, of Strechlegh, esq. Nicholas Chichester, of Ralegh, esq., married Christian, third daughter of Sir William Pawlet, of Sampford-Peverel, knight, the relict of Henry HaE, of Larkbear, esq., and had issue John ; who married, first Margaret, sister and heir of Hugh Beaumont, and had issue Hugh sans issue, Edward, and Eli- zabeth married to Nicholas Pyne, of East-Down, esq.; secondly he married Joan, daughter of Britt, issue John, Amias, William, and Mary married to John Row of Staverton. Edward (second son and heir,) manied Elizabeth, daughter of John Bourchier, the first Earl of Bath, and had issue John. Sir John Chichester, knight, son and heir, married Gertrude, daughter of George Courtenay, of Powderham, esq., and had issue Sir John, Charles, Adrian, (the two last sans issue,) Sir Arthur, baron of Belfast in Ireland, (married Lettice, daughter of Sir John Parret, lord deputy of Ireland, the relict of of Lawhern, secondly of Vaughan, sans issue ;) Sir John sine DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 607 prole, Sir Edward, knight. Viscount Belfast, Elizabeth, (married to Hugh Fortescue, of Filleigh, esq.;) Dorothy, (to Sir Hugh Pollard, of Nymet, knight ;) Eleanor, (to Sir Arthur Basset, of Umberleigh, knight ;) Mary, (to Richard Blewet, of Holcomb-Rogus, esq.;) Cecil, (to Thomas Hatch, of Aller, esq.; secondly to Lewis Pollard, second brother of Sir Hugh ;) Su- san, (to John Fortescue, of Buckland-Filleigh, esq.;) Bridget, (to Sir Ed- mund Prideaux, of Farway, bart.;) Grace, (to Robert Dillon, of Chimwel, esq.;) Urith, (to Trevelian of Nettlecomb.) Sir John Chichester, knight, son and heir, married Ann, daughter of Sir Robert Dennis, of Holcomb-Burnel, knight, and had issue Sir Robert, John, (who married a daughter of , sans issue ;) Mary, (first married to Tho- mas Fraunceis, of Comb-Flory in Somerset, esq.; secondly to John Smith, of Tregannock in Cornwall ;) Gertrude, (to Amias Copleston, of Copleston in Colebrook, esq.;) Ehzabeth, (to WiUiam Corriton, of Newton in Corn- wall, esq.) Sir Robert Chichester, knight of the Bath, married Amy, daughter of John, Lord Harrington, and sister and coheir of John, Lord Harrington of Exton in Rutlandshire ; (Lucy, the eldest, was married to Edward, Earl of Bedford, and had issue Ann, married to Lord Bruce;) secondly he married Mary, daughter of Robert Hill, sometime of Shilston, esq., issue John. [Sir John Chichester married , sans issue ; secondly he married a daughter of Colley, and had issue Sir John, bart., sine prole, and Sir Ar- thur, bart., (that now is,) who married a daughter and coheir of Thomas Drewe, of Grange, esq., and hath issue.] CHICHESTER, of Arlington, esq. — Arms. — Chequy or and gules, a chief vairy, mullet. Amias Chichester, esq., (third son of John, of Ralegh, esq.,) married Joan, daughter of Sir Roger GifFord, of Brightley, knight, and had issue Henry, Roger and Richard sans issue, Hugh, Robert, (who married and had issue a son,) GifFord, Severus, Philip, Edward slain in a duel, SUvester, Paul, (a worthy captain both in the Netherland wars and elsewhere, and was slain in the Portugal action, 1589 ;) Bartholomew, (who married Ka- tharine, daughter of Richard Avery of Barnstaple, the relict of Andrews of Bideford, sans issue ;) Gregorv, Mary, (married to Robert Poyntz, of Cliff in Somerset ;) Elizabeth, (first married to Henry Bellew of Stockleigh-Eng- lish, secondly to Stephen Braddon of Alvcrdiscot, counscUor-at-law ;) Fran- 608 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. ces, (to John Wyott of Braunton ;) Honor, (to Balthazar Butler, of Stone in Parkham.) Amias Chichester, was buried at Arlington, 27th November, 1621. Henry Chichester, esq., married Susan, daughter of William Plaiter, of Satterlegh-Hall in Suffolk, esq., and had issue Henry who died sans issue, John, William died a child, Edward, Robert, Francis and Philip died young, Mary unmarried, Mary, Ann, Susan, Elizabeth, Katharine. He died 1st August, 1622. CHICHESTER, of Hall in Bishops-Tawton.— John, (third son of Rich- ard of Ralegh, esq.,) married Thomasin, daughter of Simon Hall of Hall, and had issue John; who married Katharine, daughter and coheir of Rich- ard Gough, of Aldercomb in Kilkhampton, and had issue Thomas sans issue, and Robert, who married EUzabeth, daughter of John Ackland, of Ackland, esq., and had issue John, James, Thomas, Robert sans issue. Roger, Rich- ard, Philip, Eleanor, (married to Richard Clehanger of Somerset ;) Katha- rine, (to Robert Isaac of Atherington ;) Margaret, (to John Tregeon ;) Eli- zabeth, (to Chapman of Hankford ;) Maiy, (to Wolston ;) Christian, and Dorothy. John, son and heir, married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of John Marwood, of Westcot, esq., and had issue John, Hugh, Tristram, George sans issue, Judith, (married to BHght of Cornwall, secondly to Blygh, thirdly to Ar- thur Rouse ;) Ann, (to Dr. Sharp ;) Mary, (second wife of John Samuel of Cornwall) Elizabeth unmarried. John, son and heir, married Amy, daughter of Sir Arthur Basset, of Umberleigh, knight, and had issue Sir John, Arthur, Elizabeth, (married to Delbridge of Barnstaple ;) Judith, and Helen. Sir John, knight, married, first Ursula, daughter of Sir Wil- liam Strode, of Newnham, knight, issue John, who married one of the co- heirs of Sir Henry Carew, of Bickley, knight, sans issue; (the other coheir was married to Sir Thomas Carew of Haccomb, and left issue Sir Henry Carew, bart., Robert, Francis, bachelor of law, now of Hall :) he secondly married Elizabeth a daughter of Sir Lewis Pollard, and had issue Lewis sans issue, and Elizabeth married to Sir John Fowel of Fowelscomb : thirdly he married Susanna a daughter of Stevens of Torrington, the relict of Rolle of Stevenstone, and had issue a daughter. CHICHESTER, Viscount of Carrickfergus.— Sir Edward Chichester, knight, and baron of Belfast in Ireland and Eggesford in Devon, (fourth DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES, 609 son of Sir John, of Ralegh, knight, (married, first Ann daughter and heir of John Copleston, of Eggesford, esq., and had issue Arthur, John, Edward, Ann, (married to Sir William Wrey, knight, son and heir of Sir William, of Trebigh in Cornwall, knight and baronet ;) Mary, (to Wise, son and heir of Sir Thomas, of Sydenham, knight of the Bath :) secondly he married Mary, daughter of John Denham, of Wortham, esq., the relict of Otwel Hill, of Penwarn in Mevagissy, Cornwall, esq. CHICHESTER, of Widworthy, esq. — Arms. — Chequy or and gules, a chief vairy argent and azure. John Chichester, of Ralegh, esq., (eldest son and heir of Nicholas,) mar- ried Margaret, daughter and heir of Hugh Beaumont, and had issue Hugh, Edward, Elizabeth, (married to Nicholas Pyne of East Down ;) secondly he married Joan, daughter of Brytt, and had issue John, Amias, WiUiam, and Mary married to John Row of Staverton. John (third son of John, but eldest by Brytt, married Katharine, daughter of Thomas Peard of Tawstock, issue John, Richard, (who married a daughter of Lacy of Berry- Nerber, the relict of Harper of the same, and died sans issue ;) Nicholas sine prole, and Agnes. John married Dorothy, daughter of Hugh Daubeny, of Wayford in Somerset, esq., issue Hugh, John sans issue, Amias, William, and Ehza- beth married to Peter Franklin of Widworthy ; he married again and had issue Hugh ; who married Martha, daughter of Richard Duke, of Otterton, esq., issue Richard. FARRINGDON of Farringdon. — Arms. — Sable, three unicorns current in pale argent. Thomasin married to Francis Low, of Oldney in Buckinghamshire, Helen to Erasmus Aborough of Calais; WUmot to Edward Haselpot of London. John had issue Lancelot, who nfarried a daughter of Coffin, of Portledge, esq., the relict of Addington, and died felo de se, sans] issue, leaving his two sisters his coheirs : Radigund married to John Drake of Ide, sine prole ; and Mary married to William Cooper, of Poole in Dorset, and hath issue. ROBERTS, of Comb-Martin, gent. — Arms. — Azure, on a chevron ar- gent, three mullets sable, a bordure engrailed ermine. Richard Roberts, of Ilfracomb, married Elizabeth, daughter of John Har- ris of Parracomb, and had issue John ; who married Joan, daughter and g|0 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. heir of John Huanyes of the same, and had issue John, Richard, (a worthy antiquarian, who died in London, sans issue ;) EUzabeth, (married to John Shepherd, of Fulbrooke in Braunton;) Jane, (to William Laney of the same ;) Mary, (to James Brook of the same.) John married Joan, daughter of John CoUamore, of Luscot in Braunton, issue Richard, Nicholas, and Jane mamed to Richard Reed of Comb-Mar- tin. Richard married Julyan, daughter of John Peard, mayor of Barnsta- ple, and of Julyan his Wife, daughter of Nicholas Berry, of Berry-Nerber, esq., and had issue Julyan, married to William Herle, M. A. and parson of Berry-Nerber ; she died sine prole : secondly he married Phillis, daughter of Richard Avery, mayor of Barnstaple, and had issue Mary, (married to Thomas Westcot, of Raddon in Shobrook ;) Jane, (to William Squire, of Townhouse in South-Molton :) Prudence, (to John Amory, of Whitechapel in Nymet-Episcopus ;) Grace, (to Francis Isaac of West-Down, third son of Robert of Atherington. MOHUN, of Hall in Cornwall. — Arms. — Or, a cross engrailed sable. William Mohun married Isabel, daughter and coheir of Sir Hugh Cour- tenay and Margaret his wife, daughter of Thomas Carmynow, of Boconock in Cornwall, esq.; which Sir Hugh Courtenay was son and heir to Sir Hugh and Maud his wife, daughter of Henry Viscount Beaumond ; which Hugh was second son of Edward the BUnd, Earl of Devon, and in process of time his heir, and had issue John ; who married Ann, daughter of Richard Coode of Morval, and had issue Reginald ; who married a daughter of Sir William Trevanion, of Caryhays in Cornwall, and had issue Sir William, knight; who married, first Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Horsey, knight, and had issue Sir Reginald, and William who married a daughter and heir of Robert Tren creek ; secondly he married Ann, daughter and coheir of William Roskymer, the relict of John Tfielawny, of Pool, esq., and had is- sue William, (who married Temperance, daughter of Davies ;) Thomas, Jane, (wife first of Humphrey Courtenay, of Molland, esq.; secondly second wife of John Speccot, knight ;) and Bridget. Sir Reynold Mohun, knight, married, first Mary, daughter of Sir Henry Killigrew, of Arwenack in Cornwall ; secondly he married Philippa, daugh- ter of Sir John Hele, knight, sergeant-at-law, at Wembury ; thirdly he married Dorothy, daughter of John Chudlegh, of Ashton, esq., and hath issue EUzabeth married to Sir Henry Carew of Bickleigh, knight. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 611 PRYE, of Horwell in Colebrook, esq. — Arms. — Argent, a chevron gules, a chief azure, fretty or. Richard Prye, esq., married Elizabeth, daughter of Hext of Staverton, and had issue Roger ; secondly he married Joan, daughter of Philip Stow- ford, of Stowford, esq., and had issue a daughter mamed to Thomas. Ro- ger married Elizabeth, daughter of Roger GifFard, of Brightlegh, knight, and had issue John, Margaret, (married to John Ash, alias Legate of Stoke- Courcy in Somerset;) Ann, (to Patrick Dun of Colebrook:) secondly he married Elizabeth, daughter of Trobridge, of Trobridge in Crediton, esq., and had issue Roger and Elizabeth, both died young : thirdly he married AHce, daughter of Philip Westcot of Raddon, sine prole. He died 1584. John Prye married Margaret, daughter of Mark Slader, of Batli in the parish of North-Tawton, esq., and hath issue Richard, John, Roger, Joan, (married to Michel of Cornwall ;) Katharine, (wife of Edmund Wrey, third son of John Wrey, of North-Russell, esq. ;) Ehzabeth, (married to Rich- ard Sanders of Rame in Cornwall ;) Audrie, (to Thomas Sture of Modbu- ry;) Judith, (to Roger Bear, parson of Morchard Bishop.) He died 1624. Richard, son and heir, married Diana, daughter of Coryton, of Cornwall, esq., and hath issue John and Giles. WIVEL of Crediton. — Arms. — Argent, three mullets between three bars sable. John Wivel married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of John Brixton, and had issue Thomas, and Margaret married to Phihp Butler of Parkham. Thomas married Cecily, daughter of John Bonvile of Comb-Ralegh, the re- hct of Maurice Moor of Cullompton, and had issue WUliam, Anthony, Ni- cholas, and Philippa married to Henry Isam, of Elbruer in Somerset. Wil- liam married Ehzabeth, daughter of John Reynel, of East-Ogwel, esq., and had issue Nicholas, Anthony, Richard, Joan, Philippa, Elizabeth, Dorothy, and Katharine. DAVILS, of Batson in Marlborough, and of Merland, esq. — Arms. — Argent, a chevron embatled between three fleur-de lis sable. Thomas Davils, of Batson, esq., married Isabel, daughter of Walter Fitzwarren, of Totely in Black-Torrington, and had issue Wilham ; who married and had issue John ; who married and had issue John of Merland ; who married Margaret, daughter of John Dennis of Orlegh, esq., and had issue Lewis, Robert, William, John, Ann, and Margaret. Lewis married Q\2 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Philippa, daughter of Henry Beaumont, of Gittisham, esq., and had issue William, Jane, (married to John Tncledon of Braunton ;) and Amy, (first married to Thomas St. Low, secondly to Richard Dennis of Exeter.) Wil- ham married Urith, daughter and heir of John Stowel, of Somerset, esq., and had issue John, Robert, Elizabeth, Dorothy, Mary, (married to George Bowen ;) and Frances : secondly he married Margaret, daughter of Antho- ny Monk, of Potheridge, esq., the relict of Thomas Giffard, of Halisbury, esq., and had issue Philip, Lewis and Matthew sans issue, and Winifred. John Davils, esq., married Margaret, daughter of John Mallet of Wool- ley, and had issue Margaret, married to Arthur Harris, of Hayne, esq., and had issue. Philip Davils, (third son of William,) married a daughter of Giffard, and hath issue. ATWILL, of Kenton and Mamhead. — Arms. — Per chevron argent and sable, a pile counterchanged. John Atwill, of Kenton, married Elizabeth, daughter of Philip Duck of Heavitree, and hath issue John and William. John, son and heir, married Elizabeth, daughter of Humphrey Burrington of Ideford, and had issue John, of Mamhead ; who married Margaret, daughter of John Pollexfen of Yeanton, and had issue John, Elizabeth, and Judith. William Atwill (second son of the first John,) married Thomasin, daugh- ter of Peter Ball of Mamhead, and hath issue Peter ; who married Joan, daughter of Mallock of Axmouth, and had issue ; who married a daughter of Kendal, of Cofton in Kenton, esq., and had issue Peter, Wil- ham, and Elizabeth married to Thomas, of Bideford, attorney-at-law. Pe- ter married a sister of Nicholas Martin, of Oxon, esq., sans issue. WiUiam is a goldsmith in London. FULFORD,* of Fulford in the parish of Dunsford, esq. — Arms. — Gules, a chevron argent. Crest. — A bear's head erased argent, muzzled sable. The first member of the family that we find is William Fulford, esq., in the time of Richard L, and is said to have held Fulford in King John's time. He left a son, Nicholas, who left William, who married first Mary, or Marriot, daughter and coheir of Sir Baldwin de Belston, of Parkham, * As the Fulford Pedigrea has been incorrectly given by Westcote, and his continu- ator, Pkince, we have supplied one, compiled on better authority, up to the year 1643. G. O.,— P. J. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 613 knight, issue Henry ; who had issue WilHam, who had issue John, who had issue Sir Henry, knight. Sir WiUiam Fulford, after the death of his wife, Mary, or Marriot, married Grecia, but of whom no further trace is extant. Sir Henry Fulford, (by some called Sir William,) knight, in the time of Edward HI., left a son Henry, who married Wilhelma, daughter and heir of John Langdon, coheir of Fitz Urse of Williton in Somerset, and had issue Sir Baldwin Fulford, (sheriff of Devon 38th Henry VI., 1460,) knight of the Sepulchre, and under admiral to HoUand, Duke of Exeter, high ad- miral of England, who married Elizabeth Bozome, daughter and coheiress of John Bozome, of Bozomezeal in Dittisham, by Rosamond, daughter and heir of John St. George, of Lapford, esq., and had issue Sir Thomas Ful- ford, knight ; (who married Philippa, daughter of the second Sir Philip Courtenay, of Powderham, knight, and Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Wal- ter, Lord Hungerford, lord high treasurer of England to Henry VI.;) John Fulford, (canon of Exeter Cathedral, and successively archdeacon of Tot- nes, Cornwall, and Exeter; who died 30th January, 1518, and was buried behind the high altar in Exeter Cathedral;) Thomasin, (married to John Wise of Sydenham, esq.;) Alice, (to Sir WiUiam Cary, of Cockington, knight.) Sir Thomas Fulford, by Philippa, had issue Sir Humphrey, made knight of the Bath at the creation of Henry, Duke of York, second son of Henry VII., and afterwards his successor to the crown, who married Florence, daughter and coheir of John Bonvile of Shute, sans issue. The second son of Sir Thomas was William, who married Joan, daughter and coheir of John Bonvile of Comb-Ralegh, base son of William, Lord Bonvile by Eli- zabeth Kyrkelye, or Kirby. His third son was Philip, who was receiver to his nephew, John Fulford, esq., 16th — 18th Henry VIII. , and five years later occurs as knight. The next was a daughter married to Sir John Kirkham, of Blagdon, knight, sans issue : another daughter, Joan, was wife of William Yeo, of Heanton-Sachvile, in the parish of Petrockstowe, esq., sans issue : the last was married to Richard Dowrish, of Dowrish, esq., but left no issue. William Fulford, esq., (second son of Sir Thomas,) by his wife Joan had issue Sir John, knight, sheriff of Devon 26th and 32nd Henry VllL, who married Dorothy, daughter of John, Lord Bourchier, first Earl of Bath, and had issue Sir John, Andrew, (who had a son called James, sans issue ;) Faith, (wife of Captain John Davies, of Sandridge near Dartmouth ;) , 4 I (314 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. (married to English of Totnes;) , (to Gary, of Cary-Barton, Cornwall ;) , (to Adams, of Waddon in Stoke- Gabriel, esq.) Sir John Fulford, by his first wife Ann. had issue Sir Thomas, knight, who married Ursula, daughter of Richard Bampfylde, of Poltimore, esq., issue Sir Francis and Sir Thomas. Sir John Fulford, knight, the eldest son, (sheriff of Devon 5th Mary and 19th Elizabeth, and the builder of the greater part of Fulford House,) mar- ried, first Ann, daughter of Sir Thomas Dennys, of Holcomb-Bumel, knight; secondly a daughter of Bernard Smith of Totnes, sans issue. He died 23rd Aug., 1580. Sir John Fulford, by Ann Dennis, had twelve children, viz, Su- Thomas, Robert, Francis, Edward, Andrew, (who, by Elizabeth, daughter of WiUiam Sture, of Marsh, esq., had issue Andrew, WiUiara, Gilbert, John, and Rich- ard ;) Arthur, Gabriel, Mary, Joan, Elizabeth, Eleanor, and Susan. Sir Francis Fulford (the son of Thomas, by Ursula Bampfylde,) married, at Dunsford, 13th September, 1601, Ann, daughter and heir of Bernard Samways, of Toller in Dorsetshire, esq., and was buried at Toller- Fratrum, 1 664. Sir Thomas Fulford, his brother, had issue Sir Francis, William, Thomas, Bridget, (who was married to Arthur Champemon, of Dartington, esq.;) Ehzabeth, and Ann, (married, at Dunsford, 23rd May, 1615, to George Sydenham, of Somerset, esq.; she died in 1635.) Sir Francis Fulford and Ann Samways had issue Thomas Fulford, esq., who married Ann — . This Thomas was slain at the first siege of Exe- ter in the civil wars, and buried at Dunsford on the 12th August, 1643. CHALLONS.— The great Earl of Challons had three sons : of the first came the Earl of Spencer, of the second the Prince of Orange, of the third Sir Hardwyn Challons, knight, who married Florence, lady of Leche and Chaddlewood, and had issue Sir Pierce, knight ; who married Isabel, sister and heir to Hardy de Helion of Ashworthy, and had issue Sir Ralph, knight; who married Joan, lady of Newton-Ferrers, issue Sir Pierce, knight ; who married Katharine, sister and heir of Sir John de Cantelupe, knight, issue Sir Robert, knight ; who married Lucy, sister and heir of Sir Robert Nivet, knight, issue Sir John, knight; who married Margaret, daughter of Sir Ro- bert Langford, knight, issue Sir John Challons, knight; who married Isa- bel, daughter of Richard Chuselden, issue Robert, esq.; who married Joan, daughter and heir of Sir John Beauchamp, knight, issue Sir Robert and Ka- DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES, 615 tharine. Sir Robert Challons, knight, married Blanch, daughter and heir of Sir Hugh Waterton, knight, and had issue John, who died sans issue. Katharine, aunt and coheir to John, married John St. Aubyn, lord of Comb-Ralegh, and had issue Margaret, who married Reginald Trethurfe. DENNIS, of Holcomb-Burnel and Bicton, knight. — Arms. — Ermine, three Danish battle-axes erect gules. Walter (son of WilUam Dennis, of Gydecot (query) in Black-Torrington, esq.,) married and had issue Sir John, of Gydecot, knight ; who married Joan, daughter and heir of John Dabemon, son and heir of WiUiam of Bradford, esq., and of Maud his wife, daughter and coheir of Matthew Giffard, son and heir of Bartholomew Giffard, son and heir of William, son and heir of Roger Giffard of Meeth and Clovelly, and of Ann his wife, daughter and co- heir of Sir William Brewer, of Buckland-Brewer, knight, and had issue Wal- ter ; who married Maud, daughter and coheir of Henry Bockerel, lord of Aller-Brew, St. James', Hayham, Yealdeston, and Emelyst, and had issue John ; who married Alice, sister and heir of Wilham Christenstow, son and heir of John Christenstow of Hookley, and of Thomasin his wife, daughter and heir of John Gobodesley and Joan his wife, daughter and heir of Rich- ard Chyderley, of Wycroft, esq., and had issue Walter ; who married Isod, daughter of Stephen Durnford, of Rame in Cornwall, esq., and had issue Thomas Dennis, of Holcomb-Burnel, esq.; who married Alice, daughter of Thomas Bampfield, of Poltimore, esq., and had issue Gilbert; who married and had issue Radigund, married to Robert Giffard, esq.; secondly he married Ehzabeth, daughter of Robert Hatch, of Woolley, esq., and had issue Tho- mas Dennis of Holcomb-Burnel and Bicton ; who married Janor, daugh- ter of Philip Loveday, of Cheston in Suffolk, esq., and had issue Sir Tho- mas, knight, Michael, Philip, Henry, Richard, Eleanor, (married to William Halse, of Kenedon, esq.;) and Avice, (to John Mylliton, of Meavy, esq.) Sir Thomas Dennis, of Holcomb-Burnel and Bicton, knight, (chancellor to Queen Ann of Cleves, fourth wife of King Henry VHI.,) maiTied Ann, daughter of Wood of London, sans issue ; secondly he married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir Angel Donne, and had issue Sir Robert, George, Edward, Walter, Gabriel, Ann, (married to Sir John Fulford, of Fulford, knight ;) Margaret, (to George Kirkham, of Blackdon, esq.) Sir Robert married, first Mary, daughter of WiUiam Blount, Lord Mountjoy, and of Do- rothy his wife, daughter of Thomas Gray Marquis Dorset, and had issue 616 DKVONSHIRK FAMILIES. Ann, (married to Sir John Chichester of Ralegh, knight;) Gertrude, (first married to John Arundell, of Trerice in Cornwall, esq.; secondly to Parker, Lord Morley, sans issue :) thirdly he married Margaret, daughter and heir of Sir William Godolphin, of Godolphin in Cornwall, knight, and had issue Sir Thomas, Arthur, (a captain, slain at Ostend, sans issue ;) Margaret, (married to Phillips, of Picton in Wales, bart., sans issue ;) EUzabeth, (first married to John Sture, of Bradlegh, esq.; secondly to Sir Thomas Acton, knight ; thirdly to Gilbert Blackaller ;) Philippa, (married to Wilham Drake, of Wiscomb, esq.;) Janor, (to Sir Henry Foulks, of Dorset, knight.) Sir Thomas Dennis, knight, married Ann, daughter of William Paulet, Lord Marquis of Winchester, and had issue Ann, (married to Sir Henry Rolle, of Stevenston, knight ;) Margaret, (to Sir Arthur Mannering, of Highfield in Shropshire and Purford in Surrey.) Henry Dennis, of Padstow, (fourth son of Thomas of Holcomb-Bumel,) esq., married and had issue Philip and Thomas. Philip married Bridget, daughter of Thomas Tremaine, of CoUacomb, esq., and had issue Philippa and Zenobia. Thomas (second son of Thomas,) married Margaret, daugh- ter of Thomas Tremaine of CoUacot, and had issue. DENNIS, of Orlegh,esq. — Arms. Azure, three Danish battle-axeserector. Sir Robert Dennis, knight, married and had issue WiUiam sans issue, and WiUiam, who married and had issue John, who had issue Henry, who had issue Richard, who married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Jeffry Bow- hay, of Bowhay, esq., and had issue John ; who mamed Joan, daughter and heir of Walter Esse, and had issue John ; who married Joan, daughter and heir of Thomas Thorn, and had issue John ; who married Eleanor, daughter and coheir of Stephen GifFard, of Thuborough, esq,, and of Ag- nes his wife, daughter and heir of John Churchill and Joan his wife, daugh- ter of John Dawney and sister and heir of William, which Stephen Giffard was son and heir of John and Alice his wife, daughter and heir of John Ug- worthy, which John GifFard was son and heir of Andrew and Ingaret his wife, daughter and coheir of Sir Allen Esse, knight, son and heir of Ralph Esse, which John Dennis had issue William, Thomas, Roger, Robert, Hen- ry, Ann, (married to John Basset, of Umberlegh, esq.;) Katharine, (to Thomas Hatch, of WoUegh, esq.;) Avis, (to Thomas GifFard, of Halsbury, esq.;) Joan, Ehzabeth, Margaret, (married to John Davils, of Marland, esq.;) Thomasin, Eleanor, and Radigund. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 617 William Dennis, esq., (sheriff of Devon 6th Edward IV.,) married Ann, daughter of Nicholas Stukeley, of Affeton, esq., and had issue Nicholas, George, and Elizabeth married to Tliomas Giffard of Yeo. Nicholas mar- ried Philippa, daughter of John Sydenham, of Orchard in Somerset, esq., and had issue John, William, Jane, (married to Leeke of Lincolnshire;) Ann, (to James Pasalew of Church- Horwood ;) Joan, (to Davy Pasalew ;) Katharine, (to Richard Wannel of Moreton.) John married Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Monk, of Potheridge, esq., and had issue William, Philip, Jane, (married to Richard Dennis of Sussex ;) Katharine, and Chris- tian, [WiUiam Dennis, of Orlegh, esq., married a sister of Sir Bevile Gren- vUe, of Stow in Cornwall, knight, (father of the present John, Earl of Bath, the first of that stirpe that was so,) by whom he had issue a daughter mar- ried to Sir Thomas Hansom, of Bucks, bart.; and another to Nicholas Glynn, of Cornwall, esq. In the partition of which estate, Orlegh falling to Glynn, he sold it to John Davies, a merchant of Bideford near adjoining.] DENNIS, of Colliscomb in Cheriton-Fitzpain, esq. — Arms. — Ermine, three Danish battle-axes gules, erect crescent. Edward Dennis, esq., (third son of Sir Thomas of Holcomb-Burnel,) married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Richard Bidwell, of Gutton in Shobrook, issue Gabriel, Thomas, George, Ann, (married to George White of Sandford ;) and Mary, (to Edward Roope, of Bidwell in Upton-Pyne, issue two daughters.) Gabriel Dennis, of Comb, esq., married Isot, daugh- ter of Mark Cottle, of North-Tawton, esq., the relict of John Staplehill, of Bremble in Ashton, esq., and had issue Thomas, Edward, Gabriel, Ehza- beth, Constance, and Amy. DENNIS, of Malcot, esq. — Arms. Azure, three Danish battle-axes erect or. Henry Dennis, esq., (fifth son of John, son and heir of John of Orlegh,) married a daughter and heir of Hortop, and had issue Richard ; who mar- ried Joan, daughter and heir of John Viell of Malcot, issue Henry; who married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Meredith, or Meryfield, and had issue William, Margery, (married to Richard Milbourn ;) Elizabeth, (to William How.) William married Jacoba, daughter of William Fortescue, of Buckland- Filleigh, esq., and had issue John, Nicholas, William, Richard, Ann, Margaret, Elizabeth, Edith, Katharine, and Philippa. John married Elizabeth, daughter of John Barry, of Winscot, esq., and had issue WiUiam, Nicholas, Henry, Giles, Robert, Ann, Helen, and Phihppa. 618 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. DOWRISH, of Dowrish in Sandford, esq. — Arms. — Argent, a bend co- tized within a bordure engrailed sable. Walter Dowrish, in the time of Henry III., had issue Nicholas, who had issue William, who had issue Thomas, who had issue William, who had is- sue John, who had issue WiUiam, who had issue Thomas, who had issue Thomas, who had issue Richard, who had issue Thomas, who had issue Thomas (in the time of Edward IV.,) who was recorder of Exeter, who had issue Richard. Richard Dowrish, of Dowrish, married a daughter of Thomas Fulford, of Fulford, knight, and had issue Thomas ; secondly he married a daughter of Catesby, and had issue Peter, Elizabeth, and Katharine married to John Snedel, who had with her the barton and manor of Upton- Helions and 40£ rents ahbi. Thomas married a daughter of Tavernour of Oxfordshire, and had issue Thomas, Robert, Ann, (married to Anthony Manyng of Little- Torrington ;) Margaret, (to Eastchurch of Chudleigh ;) Jane, (to Gilbert Atwill of Sandford.) Thomas Dowrish married Ann, daughter of Charles Farriugdon, of Far- ringdon, esq., and of Margery his wife, daughter of Sir Thomas Stukeley, of Aifeton, knight, and had issue Walter, Hugh, Robert, Clement, Eliza- beth, (married to John Northcot, of Uton in Crediton ;) Grace, (to Robert Guy, of Prouse in Sandford ;) Ann, (to WiUiam Bodlegh of Dunscomb.) Walter married Mary, sister of George, Lord Carew, Earl of Totnes, and had issue Thomas, Ann, (married to Boswel of London ;) Dorothy, (to Thomas Peyton, whose mother was the Lady Elizabeth Bourchier ;) EUzabeth, (to George Trobridge of Trobridge ;) Mary, (to William Limsey, of Colbye of Norfolk.) Thomas Dowrish married Katharine, daughter of John Stuke- ley, of Affeton, esq., and had issue John, Thomas, Lewis, George, Mary, Frances, (married to Phihp Williams, of Lanelthy in Wales ;) Ann, Joyce, Susan, and Grace. DOWRISH, of Heath-Barton in Whitestone, gent. — Robert (second son of Thomas Dowrish of Dowrish, by the daughter of Tavernour,) married Jango, daughter of Thomas Cole of Slade, the rehct of Hill, of Helicon in Cornwall ; but first of Robert Grenfield, of Stow in Cornwall, and after of Thomas ArundeU, of Clifton in Cornwall, esq.;) issue Thomas ; who married Wilmot, daughter of Richard Prowse of Exeter, and hath issue Ann, married to Francis Pollard, son of Sir Hugh Pollard, of Nymet-Regis, knight. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 619 Hugh Dowrish (second son of Thomas Dowrish by Ann Farringdon,) married a daughter of Sir Richard Edgcomb, knight, and had issue. Robert Dowrish (third son of Thomas Dowrish by Ann Farringdon,) married a daughter of Eystons, of Eystons in the parish of Morchard-Bishop, and hath issue John, George, William, PhiUp. COLLETON of Exeter. — Arms. — Or, three stags' heads proper. Colleton married the daughter and heir of Ridgway, alias Peacock, and had issue Henry; who married Margaret, daughter of William Bury, of Colleton, esq., and had issue Edmund, Peter sine prole, Thomas, Grace, (married to John Brushford ;) Elizabeth, (to Thomas Dyer of Shobrook.) Thomas married Thomasin, daughter of Thomas Kelland, and had issue John, Peter, Roger, Sibella, Margaret, and Alice. John married Margaret, daughter of Mark Weeks, second son of John Weeks, of North- Weeks, esq. Peter Colleton, of Exeter, (second son,) married Ursula, daughter of Hen- ry Hull, of Exeter, esq., and hath issue Peter, created a baronet 18th February 1661, John, Henry, and Elizabeth. BENNET, of Chudleigh, gent. — Arms. — Sable, a chevron erminois be- tween three tripled ears of wheat, or. Richard Bennet married Julyan, daughter of WiUiam Whiteway, of Chud- leigh parish, and had issue Nicholas, William, and John. Nicholas married Ehzabeth, daughter of Thomas Pomeroy, of Bindley in the parish of Har- berton, knight, and had issue John, William sine prole, English, (married to Thomas Thorn of Mamhead;) Julyan, (to Roger Harewell of Kingsteign- ton ;) Joan, (to Peter Bear of the same ;) Sabine, (to Humphrey Ball of Chudleigh.) John married a daughter of John Trosse of Exeter. WILLOUGHBY, of KnoU-Adrian in Wiltshire.— Sir John, knight, married Ann, daughter and heir of Sir Edmund Cheney, knight, and had issue Sir Robert, knight. Lord Brook, in the time of Henry VH., and Sir WilUam, of Turners-Piddle in Dorset, knight, who had a natural son named Christopher, who married, first Alice, the relict of Baulstred, sans issue ; secondly Isabel, the daughter of Nicholas Weeks, of Dodington in Glou- cestershire, esq., and had issue Henry, William, and John, of Baverstock in Wiltshire. Henry, son and heir, married Jane, daughter of Daunsey, of Lavington in Wiltshire, esq., issue Wilham. William Willoughbv, of KnoU- Adrian, (living in 1623,) married Eleanor, daughter of Hugh Bampfield, of (320 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Cadbury in Somerset, esq., and hath issue Christopher, Bampfield, Henry, and Jane married to Henry Butler, of Harly in Dorsetshire. WILLOUGHBY, LORD BROOK.— Sir John Willoughby, knight, married EHzabeth, daughter and coheir of Sir Edmund Cheney, knight, lord of Brook, Upottery, and Roridge, and of Alice his wife, aunt and heir of Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Devon, the relict of Walter Talboys, of whom is Strangways of Dorset, (the other daughter and coheir of Sir Edmund was married to Sir John ColshuU, sans issue.) Sir Edmund was the son and heir of Sir William Cheney, knight, son and heir of Sir Ralph and Joan his wife, daughter and coheir of Sir John Pavely, lord of Brook, son and heir of Wilham Cheney and Joan his wife, daughter of WUliam and sister and heir of Thomas Lamborn, son and heir of Nicholas Cheney, lord of Upottery and Roridge 5th Edward H. : he died 2nd Edward III.) This Sir John Wil- loughby had issue Robert, William, Richard. Sir Robert Willoughby (created Lord Brook by King Henry VH., unto whom he was steward of his house,) married Blanch, daughter and heir of John Champernon of Beer- Ferrers, issue Robert, Lord Broom ; who mar- ried, first Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Richard Beauchamp, lord of Pow- ick, and had issue Edward who died before his father, of whom Sir Fulk Grevil is descended ; secondly he married Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Gray, Marquis Dorset, issue Elizabeth, wife of John Pawlet, Marquis Win- ton ; and Ann, wife of Charles Mountjoy. WILLOUGHBY of Payhembury. — William (second son of Christopher of Knoll- Adrian, esq.,) married and had issue John of Efford in Shobrook; who married, first Grace, daughter of Edward Spencer of Crediton, the re- lict of Hugh Wyde of Shobrook, and had issue Andrew, Anthony and Ni- cholas sans issue, Richard, and Margaret married to Rowland ; secondly he married Agnes, daughter of William Fry of Yarty, the relict of Hugh Culm, of Chamston, esq., and had issue Ann wife of Peter Stevens of MoUand, and Mary married to Bear of Brushford. Richard Willoughby, esq., married Agnes, daughter of Hugh Culm, of Chamston in MoUand, esq., and had issue John, WiUiam, Philip, and a daughter. John married Margaret, daughter of Philip Stennings, of So- mersetshire, esq., and hath issue John ; who married and had issue Mary married to Sir George Trevelian, of Nettlecomb in Somerset, and hath issue. WESTCOTE, (alias LYTTLETON. or LUTTLETON,) of Frankley DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 621 in Worcestershire, knight. — Arms. — Argent, a bend cotized sable, with a bordure bezanty gules. Thomas de Westcote, esq., in the time of Henry V., married EHzabeth, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Lyttleton, of Frankley in Worcestershire, knight, and of Ann his wife, daughter and heir of Thomas Quarterman, of Ricote, Oxfordshire, esq., and had issue Sir Thomas, Guido, Edmund, and Nicholas. Sir Thomas Westcote, alias Lyttleton, (for it was agreed at the marriage of the parents, by the instance of Sir Thomas Lyttleton, the grandsire, that the eldest son should take the name of Lyttleton, and all the rest the name of Westcote,) was justiciarius de Banco Regis in the time of Edward IV., and wrote the book called " Lyttleton's Tenures," married Joan, daughter and coheir of Sir John Burley, of Bromescroft in Salop, knight, and of his wife, daughter of Richard, Lord Gray, of Wilton, and had issue William, Richard, and Thomas. Sir WiUiam Lyttleto.n, alias Westcote, of Frankley, knight, married Hel- en, daughter and coheir of Sir Thomas Welsh (he died 1493,) and Marga- ret his wife, daughter and heir of Richard Byron, of Clayton in Lancashire, esq., and had issue Joan, heir of her mother's lands, and likewise of Picksal in Staffordshire, given her by her father, and was married to Sir John As- ton, of Hey wood in Staffordshire, knight; secondly he married Mary, daugh- ter of William Whytington, of Pauntly in Gloucestershire, esq., and had issue John ; who married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Sir Gilbert Talbot, of Grafton in Worcestershire, knight, eldest son of Sir Gilbert Talbot, knight banneret, third son of John Talbot, (the second of that name Earl of Shrews- bury,) and had issue John, Edward, Gilbert, Roger, and Margaret married to Edward Newport, of Hanley- Williams in Worcestershire. Sir John mar- ried Bridget, daughter and coheir of Sir John Packington, of Westwood in Worcestershire, knight, and had issue Gilbert, George, Francis, Elizabeth, and Margaret. Gilbert Lyttleton married Elizabeth, daughter of Humphrey Coningsby, of Hampton-Court in Herefordshire, esq., and had issue John ; who married Muriel, daughter of Sir Thomas Bromley, Lord Chancellor of England in the time of Queen Elizabeth. Richard (second son of Sir Thomas,) married Alice, daughter and heir of William Winnesbury, of Pillaton-llall in Staffordshire, and had issue Sir Edward, Helen, Isabel, Margery, Ann, and Lucy. Sir Edward, of Pilla- 4k 622 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. ton-Hall, knight, married Helen, daughter of Humphrey Swinnerton, and had issue Sir Edward, Richard, Constance, (married to Sir James Foljambe, knight ;) and Barbara, (first married to Henry Gower, secondly to John Foliot:) he died 20th October, 1558. Sir Edward, knight, married Alice, daughter of Francis Cockain of Ashbourn, and sister of Sir Thomas of the same, knight, and had issue Edward, Thomas, James. Constance, (married to Thomas Hore, of Lancaster, esq.;) Mary, Jane, Grace, and Margaret. Roger, (fourth son of John,) esq., married Elizabeth, daughter of Stan- ley, of West-Bromwich, and hath issue George, Francis, Bridget. Thomas (third son of Sir Thomas,) married Ann, daughter and heir of John Botreaux, of Salford in Warwickshire, esq., and had issue Thomas, John a priest, Anthony, Margaret, and Katharine. Thomas, of Salford, esq., m.arried Maud. WESTCOTE, of Westcote and Raddon in Devon, and Brankley in Wor- cestershire. — Arms. — Argent, a chevron between three escalope sable, a crescent. Guido Westcote (second son of Sir Thomas, of Frankley, esq., and Eli- zabeth his wife,) married Alice, daughter of Richard Grenvile, of Glouces- ter, esq., son of William, son of Bartholomew, second son of Richard Gren- vile, of Stow in Cornwall, and had issue Thomas ; who married Mary, daughter and heir of Thomas Westcote, of Porlock in Somerset, and had issue Philip, Thomas, and Stephen. Philip, of Porlock, married Margaret, daughter of William Spur, of South-Petherton in Somerset, sans issue. Thomas Westcote, (second son,) following the Court in the time of King Henry VHI., came into Devon with Sir Thomas Dennis, of Holcomb-Bur- nel, knight, chancellor to Queen Ann of Cleves, and was much desired in marriage by Ann, daughter of Wilson, the relict of John Raddon of Sho- brook, whom he married, sans issue ; secondly he married Alice, daughter and heir of John Walter of Comb, and of Alice his wife, daughter and heir of John CoUacot, of CoUacot in Winkleigh, esq., and had issue Philip, and died March 28th, 1549. Philip, of Raddon, married Katharine, daughter of George Waltham, of Brenton in Exminster, and had issue Robert sans issue, George (a captain in the Portugal voyage, 1580, was slain,) sans is- sue, Thomas, John who died young, Phihp, Ahce, (first married to Roger Prye, of Horewell in Colebrook, esq., sans issue ; secondly to Arthur Hart, third son of John Hart, of Yearnacomb in Modbury, esq., muster-man of DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. C23 Devon ;) Pascaw, (married to Thomas Major ;) Julyan, (to Humphrey Rey- nolds of Cheriton-Fitzpain ;) Joan died young, Janor, (married to William Packer of Shobrook ;) Susan, (to William Matthew ;) Ann, (to Henry Clot- worthy of Taunton.) He died 4th February, 1600. Thomas Westcote (third brother and heir of Raddon,) married Mary, eldest daughter and coheir of Richard Roberts of Comb-Martin, and had issue Philip, who married Ehzabeth, daughter of George Tanner, alias Mor- timer, of Creely in Farringdon, and hath issue Thomas. John Westcote (a second son of the house of Marwood,) was warden of the hospital of St. John Baptist, Exeter, 10th Edward H. WALLER, of Hampshire, and Sidbury in Devon. — Arms. — Sable, three walnut-leaves in bend between two cotizes and a bor- dure engrailed argent, charged with ogresses. Thomas Waller, of Hampshire, married and had issue William of Sidbu- ry; who married Florence, daughter and heir of Nethway, esq., and had issue Christopher, Nicholas, and John, Christopher married Margaret, daughter and coheir of William Humber, of Shilton-Cantelupe in Somerset, gent., and of Maud Wenneford his wife, and had issue Nicholas and John both died young, WiUiam, Margaret, (married to William Pope ;) and Ehzabeth. William married Joan, daughter of Thomas Tilly, of Canning- ton in Somerset, esq., and had issue Henry, Thomas, Jane, (married to William Andrew of Sidbury;) Ursula, (to Henry Roberts of Exeter;) and Margaret. Henry married Ann, daughter to Robert Phillips, and had issue Robert, Anthony, Matthew, Emanuel, Joan, and Jane. Robert married and had issue a daughter married to Thomas Moore. SAMUEL of Cornwall. — Arms. — Two squirrels saliant addorsee gules, a bordure sable. Anthony Samuel married Ann, daughter of John Becket, of Cornwall, esq., the relict of John Harris, of Lanrest in CornwaU, and had issue Wil- liam ; who married a daughter of Thomas Tremayne of CoUacomb, and had issue John, Marj^ (married to Kendal ;) Grace, , (to Scoar.) John married, first Honor, daughter of Richard Halse of Kenedon, sans issue ; secondly he married Mary, daughter of John Chichester of Hall, and hath issue William and three others. MELHUISH, of Witheridge, married and had issue Thomas and Lewis. Thomas married, first Polynor, daughter of Robert Courtenay, of Molland, 624 DEVONSHIRF, FAMILIES. esq., and had issue Robert, a daughter married to George Radford, of Chen- son in Chawley, another to Edmund Snell of Chawley, and another to Tick- ell of Exeter ; secondly he married a daughter of Paulet of Melplush in Dorsetshire, the reUct of Lewis Stukeley, of AfFeton, esq., sine prole. Ro- bert married Ann, daughter of Paulet of Dorsetshire, and hath issue Tho- mas, Hugh, Sibel, (married to Arthur Hatch, son and heir of Lewis of Head-Mill ;) Polynor, (to John Down of Delbridge ;) Frances, and Ann. STAPLEHILL, of Bremble in the parish of Ashton. — Arms. — Argent, a chevron sable. Walter StaplehiU married Elizabeth, daughter of John Southcot, of Indio in Bovey-Tracey, esq., and had issue Hugh ; who married Sabina, daughter of Roger Molford, of Cadbury in Chulmleigh, esq., and had issue Thomas, John, Elizabeth, (married to John Prouz of Tiverton ;) Amy, (to Thomas Clifford of Ugbrook, in the parish of Chudleigh, esq., D. D.) Thomas died unmarried. John, son and heir, married Isot, daughter of Mark Cottel, of North-Tawton, esq., but died sans issue, leaving his two sisters coheirs. MORE, of Moor-Hays. — Arms. — Ermine, a chevron azure, three cinque- foils or, pierced. Maurice More, esq., married Cecily, daughter and coheir of John Bon- vile, natural son of William, Lord Bonvile, and of Alice his wife, daughter and heir of John Dennis of Gloucester, and of Joan his wife, daughter and coheir of John St. Aubyn of Comb-Ralegh, and of Katharine his wife, daughter of Sir Robert and aunt and heir of John Challons, of Channons- Legh, esq. LARDER, of Pynes, esq. — Arms. — Argent, on three piles in chief sable, as many bezants. Edmund Larder married Isabel, daughter of John Bonvile of Comb-Ra- legh, natural son of William, Lord Bonvile of Chuton, issue Jane, married to Philip Luppincot of Wibbery. William Larder married Joan, daughter of John TreveUan, of Nettlecomb in Somersetshire, esq., and had issue Tris- tram, and Ursula married to WiUiam Hull, of Larkbear, esq. Tristram married Mary, (she was secondly married to George Prideaux, of Nutwel, sergeant-at-law,) daughter of Lewis Stukeley, of Affeton, esq., and had is- sue Humphrey, Lewis, and Margaret. Humphrey Larder married Marga- ret, daughter of Greenfield of Cornwall, the relict of Godolphin, of Corn- wall, esq., brother and heir of Sir WiUiam Godolphin, knight, and had issue DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 625 Margaret, married to Anthony Copleston, son and heir of Anthony Cople- ston, of Week, esq., second son of Thomas Copleston of Instow. FORTESCUE, of Wimpston in Modbury, esq. — John married Joan, daughter and heir of John Pruston, and had issue John, WiUiam, and John. John, son and heir, married Isabel, daughter of Thomas Gibbs, of Venton, issue Thomas, and Joan first married to Thomas Cotterel of Washbourn, secondly to John Prideaux of Orchardton, thirdly to Richard Troblefield of Wear in Dorsetshire. Thomas Fortescue, esq., married Florence, daughter of John Bonvile, of Comb-Ralegh, esq., issue Thomas, William, Henry, Isabel, (married to Anthony Honychurch;) Elizabeth, (to John Barnhouse;) Jane, (to Walter Hele of Cornwood ;) Agnes, (to Robert Ashford of Won- nel.) Thomas Fortescue, esq., married Cecily, daughter of Richard Strode of Newnham, and had issue Joan, married to Edmund Babington of Week, in Worcestershire, esq. William Fortescue (second son of Thomas and brother and heir of Thomas of Morleigh,) married Katharine, daughter of Welsh, baron of the Exchequer. FORTESCUE of Buckland-Filleigh.— Arms.— Azure, a bend engrailed argent, cotized or. Sir Richard Fortescue was sheriff of Cornwall 1456, 1473, Sir John 1485, and Sir Adrian 1539. John Fortescue (third son of John,) was lord-chief-justice of the King's Bench from the 20th to the end of Henry VI,, and wrote a learned discourse in commendation of the laws of England. He married and had issue Mar- tin ; who married Ehzabeth, daughter and heir of Richard Denzit, of Wear, and had issue John of FiUeigh, and William of Buckland-Filleigh, who mar- ried Maud, daughter and heir of John Atkins of Milton- Abbot, and had is- sue John, Edward, James, and Jacquette married to William Dennis of Southcomb. John married Christian, daughter of John Arscot, of Arscotin Holsworthy, esq., and had issue William, John, Ahce, (married to WiUiam Facey ;) and Margaret. William married Ann, daughter of Sir Roger Gif- fard, of Brightlegh, knight, and had issue John, Martin, Faithful, Bartho- lomew, Ehzabeth, (first wife of John Yeo, of Huish, esq., secondly of John • Herle of West-Buckland ;) Mary, (wife of Rockley of Bristol;) Jane, (married to John Harris of Langtree ;) Grace, (to Anthony Herle, son of John aforesaid ;) Eleanor, Katharine, Frances, Mary, and Phihppa. John Fortescue married, first Ann, daughter of Walter Porter, of Thetford in 626 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Norfolk, the relict of Digory Thorn of Sheepwash, and had issue Roger ; secondly he married a daughter of Sir John Chichester, of Ralegh, knight, and had issue John, Sir Faithful killed in Ireland, Mary, and Grace. Roger Fortescue married a daughter of Norleigh of Inwardleigh, the relict of Leigh, (she was thirdly married to Hext,) and had issue John ; who mar- ried a daughter of Richard Prideaux, of Thuborough, esq. , and hath issue. Fortescue married a daughter of Sir Nicholas Prideaux. FORTESCUE, of Fallopit in East-AUwington. — Arms. — Azure, a bend engrailed cotized or, with the mullet. William Fortescue, of Wimpston, (eldest son and heir of William,) mar- ried Isabel, daughter of Beauchamp, and had issue William and John, knight. Sir John Fortescue, knight, (captain of Meaux in France, in the time of Henry V.,) married and had issue Henry, lord chief justice of Ireland ; who married and had issue Henry, Richard, and Sir John, chief justice of England, Henry Fortescue, son and heir, of Wood, had by his second wife Richard of Fallopit ; who married Margaret, daughter of Robert HiU, of Shilston, esq., and had issue John ; who married Margaret, daughter and coheir of William Hingeston of Wonwel, and had issue Elizabeth, married to Lewis Fortescue, third son of John of Spridleston, and hath issue John, Ehzabeth, (married to Edward Ameridith ;) Joan, (to John Reynel of Malston;) Mary, (to Henry Luscomb ;) Ann, (to John Plumlegh of Dartmouth.) John Fortescue, of Fallopit, married Honor, daughter of Speccot, and hath issue Edmund, George, Edward, and Jane. [ Edmund, by a sister of Sir Richard Champernon of Modbury, had issue John ; who by Sarah, daughter of Sir Edmund Prideaux, of Netherton, hart., had issue Sir Ed- mund Fortescue, knight, sheriflFof Devon in the time of King Charles I., for whose cause he went into HoUand, where he died : a most worthy gen- tleman. He left issue Sir Edmund, bart.; who, by a daughter of my Lord Sands of the vine, left issue Sir Sandys, who died sans issue male. Fallo- pit is now in the possession of Edmund Fortescue, esq., youngest son of Peter, younger brother of the first Sir Edmund who died in HoUand, and hath issue.] NORRIS, of Winkleigh in Devon, and Splate and St. Decumans in Somersetshire. — Arms. — Sable, a cross-florette between twelve billets, a bordure argent. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 627 John Norris, of Gibhouse in Winkleigh, esq., married and had issue John, WiHiam. John Norris, of Splate in Somersetshire, married a daughter and heir of Gallantine, and had issue Hugh ; who married a daughter of Clark, of Wells in Somerset, and had issue Thomas sans issue, and John of St. Decumans in Somerset. William Norris, of Milverton in Somerset, (second son of John of Wink- leigh,) married and had issue John, Richard, and Silvester. John married Mary, daughter of Anthony Appletree, of Deddington in Oxfordshire, esq., and had issue Anthony, John, and Silvester. Anthony married Margaret, daughter of Thomas Fursdon, of Raddon in Thorverton. WICHALSE of Chudleigh. — Arms. — Per pale, argent, and sable, six crescents transmuted. Nicholas Wichalse, married Margery, and had issue John, William, Ni- cholas, Margery, (married to Peter Lutton of Mowlish ;) Joan, (to Bartho- lomew Burrington of Ideford.) John, son and heir, married Joan, daugh- ter and coheir of Dotwel, and had issue Robert, John, George, Nicholas, Bennet, Thomas, Pierce, John, Joan, (married to Thomas Stert of Stert ;) Christian, and Helen, unmarried. Robert married Eleanor, daughter of John Marwood of Westcot, and had issue a daughter married to Charles Trevanion, of Caryhays in Cornwall, esq. William Wichalse (second son of Nicholas,) married Helen, daughter of Humphrey Walrond, of Bradfield, esq., the relict of Anthony Fortescue, of Fallopit, esq., and had issue, Richard, Margery, Jane, (who married For- tescue of Preston ;) and Joan. Nicholas Wichalse, of Barnstaple, (third son of Nicholas,) married Mary, daughter and heir of Richard Welsh of Pilton, and had issue Joan. Margery (before named) married Thomas Huit of Bishopsteignton. Jane married to Richaid KeUand of Totnes. Joan married to Nicholas Pointing- don of Shobrook. Richard, their brother, died sans issue. GIFFARD of Brightlegh. — Arms. — Sable, three fusils in fess ermine. Sir Roger Giffard of Brightlegh, knight, (third son of Thomas Giffard of Halsbury, but eldest by his second wife, Ann, daughter of John Corj-ton, of Newton in the parish of Quethiock in Cornwall, esq.,) married Marga- ret, daughter and heir of John Coblegh of Brightlegh, and of Isabel his wife, and had issue John, Roger, Hugh, Thomas, Andrew, Fulk, Walter, Ann, (married to William Fortescue of Bucklaiid-Filleigh, esq.;) Joan, (to 628 DKVONSHIRE FAMILIES. Amias Chichester, of Arhngton, esq.;) AHce, (to Robert Fry, of Mallydor in Cornwall ;) Mary, (to John Weeks, of North-Week, esq.;) EHzabeth, (to Roger Prye, of Horwell in Colebrook, esq.;) Wilmot, (to Lewis For- tescue, of Huddon in Filleigh ;) and Philip. John GifFard, son and heir of Sir Roger, married Mary, daughter of Sir Richard GrenvUe, of Buckland-Monachorum, knight, and had issue John, Achilles, Hanibal, Arthur, Roger sans issue, Walter. John Giffard, son and heir, married Honor, daughter of Erie of Char- borough, in Dorsetshire, and had issue Arthur, John sans issue, Thomas, William, John, Alice, (married to Thomas Addington of Portledge ;) Honor, (to John Garland, of Whitfield in Marwood;) Elizabeth, (to George Brough- ton, of Warpesleigh in Stoodleigh ;) Joan, (to John GifFard, son of her uncle, Achilles ;) Margaret, (to Angel Madock.) Arthur Giffard (eldest son by Honor Erie,) married Ann, daughter of Thomas Legh, of Northam, esq., and had issue John, Arthur, George, Lew- is, Thomas, Mary, (married to Hugh Wyot of Braunton ;) Honor, Frances, Elizabeth, (married to Arthur Harris, esq., recorder of Great Torrington, and younger brother of John Harris, of Hayne, esq., sans issue;) and Ann sans issue . He died before his father. John Giffard, esq., married Joan, eldest daughter of Sir John Wyndham, of Orchard- Wyndham in St. Decumans, Somerset, knight and baronet, and had issue John, Roger, a daughter married to Bear, of Hunsham, esq., his second wife ; another married to Leonard Yeo, of Huish, esq.; Bridget married to Edward Butler of Exeter, merchant, sans issue ; another mar- ried to Praed, of Cornwall, esq.; and three other daughters. John Giffard, esq., married a sister of Sir Copleston Bampfield, of Polti- more, hart., and hath issue John, of Brightlegh, that now is ; who married a daughter of Clotworthy of Rashleigh. GIFFARD of Weare. — Arms. — Sable, three fusils ermine, a mullet in a crescent. Hugh Giffard (third son of Sir Roger Giffard of Brightlegh, knight,) married Jane, daughter of Edward Bampfield of Poltimore, and had issue Achilles, Mary, Martha, Wilmot. GIFFARD of Tiverton. — Roger Giffard, esq., (fourth son of Sir Roger Giffard, of Brightlegh, knight,) married, first Audria, daughter of Sir Lewis Stukeley, of Affeton, knight, the rehct of Yeo of Braunton, sans issue ; se- DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 629 condly he married Agnes, daughter of John Grindal, of London, merchant, the rehct of John Duke of Otterton, before that of Grail, ere that the reUct of Sprint, but first the widow of Parker of London, sans issue ; thirdly he married Richord, daughter of John Prouz of Tiverton, the widow of Wal- rond, of the same, and had issue George ; who married a daughter of Tho- mas Hodges, of Wedmore near Wells, Somerset, the rehct of Lawrence Giffard, of Wellington in Somerset, and had issue, Roger, and Margaret married to Reskymer of Cornwall. Roger married a daughter of Roger Catford, of Petherton near Halberton. PUTT, of Gittisham, hart. — Arms. — Argent, a lion saltier within a mas- cle sable. John Putt, of Berrv-Pomeroy, married and had issue William and An- drew. William married a daughter of Sir Thomas Pomeroy, of Berry-Po- meroy, knight. Andrew married a daughter of William Eston of Darting- ton, and had issue William, Nicholas, James, and Susan married to Thomas Winter of Stokenham. Nicholas married Susan, daughter of John Simmes, and had issue William and Nicholas; secondly he married Ann, daugh- ter of William Head of Dean- Prior, by Elizabeth, daughter of Gilbert of Churchstow, sans issue ; thirdly he married Margaret, daughter of Richard Duke, esq., sans issue. [William married and had issue. Sir Thomas, of Comb in Gittisham, hart., married a daughter of Sir Richard Chomley by the rehct of Dennis Rolle of Bicton, and had issue Sir Thomas, another son and two daughters. Sir Thomas, hart., married a daughter of Sir John Trevelian, of Nettlecomb in Somerset, hart.] WORTHAL of Cotley. — John married Ehzabeth, daughter of Edmund Lental of Monckton, and had issue John, and Christopher who married the base daughter of Hugh Culm, and had issue Amias. John, son and heir, married a daughter of John Tye, and had issue William, John, Amias. William married Susan, daughter of John Turpin of Ottery St. Mary, issue John, WiUiam. LOVEIS, of Ogberd in the parish of Tamerton. — Arms. — Or, a chevron engrailed gules, between three shovellers, sable. Loveis married and had issue Humphrey; who married Jane, daugh- ter of Hatch, and had issue Leonard, and John; who married Ann, daughter of Hynde of London, and had issue Elizabeth, married to Henry Beaumont, of Coleoverton in Leicestershire. Leonard married Jane, daughter and 4l 630 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. heir of Upcot, and had issue Thomas, WiUiani, and Humphrey ; secondly he married Ibot, daughter of Edmund Speccot of Thornbury, and had is- sue Amy, married to Coffin of Portledge. Wilham (second son,) married Maiy, daughter of Edward Ameridith, of Slapton, esq. Humphrey Loveis, of Sheepwash, (third son of Leonard,) married Julyan, daughter of John Dinham, of Wortham, esq., and hath issue. GRENVILLE, of Stow in Cornwall, and of Bideford and Buckland-Mo- nachorum in Devon. — Arms. — Gules, three rests or. John GrenviUe married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of William Wor- tham, of Wortham, esq. Sir Thomas GrenviUe, of Stow, knight, married Elizabeth, daughter of Gates Gilbert, and had issue Roger, Jane, (married first to Sir John Arun- dell, of Trerice in Cornwall, knight, and had issue John ; secondly she was married to Sir John diamond, of LaunceUs in Cornwall, and had issue Rich- ard ;) Mary, (married first to Richard Bluet, of Holcomb-Rogus, esq., and had issue Sir Roger ; secondly she was married to Roscarrock, of Roscar- rock in Cornwall, esq., and had issue;) Philippa, (married to Francis Har- ris of Radford, esq., and had issue Wilham ;) , (married to Sir John ArundeU, of Lanhern in Cornwall, knight, and had issue two daughters, one died sans issue, and Mary was married to Robert Radchffe, Earl of Sussex, and had issue ; secondly she w^as married to Henry Fitz Allan, Earl of Arun- deU, (added in the margin, this will not be proved,) by whom she had issue a son that died in Flanders in Queen Mary's time, and a daughter married to the Duke of Norfolk, secondly to the Lord Lumley;) , (married to Basset, of Umberleigh, esq., and had issue ; she was married secondly to Sir Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle, natural son to Edward IV„ sans issue.) After the death of Elizabeth, Sir Thomas GrenviUe married the relict of one Susan and had issue a son, parson of Kilkhampton in Cornwall, and a daughter married to Battin. Roger GrenviUe, son and heir, married a daughter and coheir of Richard Whitlegh, of EfFord and Compton-Gifford, (the other, Joan, was married to Richard Halse, of Kenedon,) and had issue Sir Richard, Digory, John, Phihppa, (married to Thomas Tremaine, of CoUacomb, esq.;) , (married to Fitz, of Fitzford, esq.;) Jane, (to Edmund Speccot, of Thornbury, esq.;) , (married to Drake of Ash ;) , (married to Beauchamp ;) , (married to Erysie, of Erysie in Cornwall, esq.) DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 631 Sir Richard Greiiville, of Stow, knight, son and heir, married a daughter and coheir of Bevil, of Guarnack in Cornwall, (the other coheir was married to Arundell of Trerice.) and had issue Roger, a daughter married to Sir Richard Lee, another daughter married, and Mary married to John GifFard, of Brightlegh, esq. Roger married Thomasin, (she was secondly married to Thomas Arundell of Cliston in Cornwall, and thirdly to Robert Dowrish of Heath-Barton,) daughter of Thomas Cole, of Slade, esq., and had issue Sir Richard ; who married Mary,* daughter of Sir John St. Leger, of An- nery, knight, and had issue Sir Bernard, John, (slain in the Indies with Sir Francis Drake, sans issue ;) Ursula unmarried, Katharine, (married to Justinian, Abbot of Hartland;) and Bridget unmarried. He was slain in a sea-fight near the island of Flores, and died must valiantly in the Revenge, 1591. Sir Bernard, knight, son and heir, married a daughter and heir of Bevil, of Cornwall, esq., and had issue Sir Bevil, Richard, Roger, and Ger- trude married first to Christopher Harris, son and heir of John Harris, of Lanrest in Cornwall, esq.; secondly to Anthony Dennis of Orlegh. Sir Bevil Grenville, knight, son and heir, married Grace, daughter of Sir George Smith, of Exeter, knight, and heir of Grace his second wife, daugh- ter and coheir of William Viel, of Cornwall, esq,, the relict of Phihp Bevil, of Cornwall, esq., [and had issue Su- John, Bernard, Christian, (married to Sir Peter Prideaux, of Netherton, hart.;) Bridget, (married to Sir Simon Leach, of Cadeley, knight of the Bath ; secondly to Sir Thomas Higgins, of London, knight.) Sir John Grenville, of Stow, hart., was created Earl of Bath, for his great loyalty, by King Charles H., in April 1661 : he married Jane, daughter of Sir Peter Wych, and hath issue Lord Lansdown, Sir Bevil, and another a colonel.] f GRENVILLE, of Penheale in Cornwall. — Arms. — Gules, three rests or, with a crescent. Digory Grenville, esq., (second son of Roger, of Stow, esq.,) married one of the coheirs of Tregarthen in Cornwall, and had issue Richard, and Bar- bara married to John Luppincot of Wibbery. Richard GrenviUe, esq., mar- ried a daughter and coheir of Keilway in Cornwall, and had issue George ; * Her Will, made at Bideford, is dated 11th Nov., 1618, and was proved 24th Nov., 1623. She had been buried in Bideford Church 5fh Nov., 1623. f Sir Bevil Grenville was slain at the battle of Lansdown, 5th July, 1643, set. 48. G. O.,— P. J. 632 DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. who married Julyan, daughter and coheir of William Viel, esq., and had is- sue Sir George, and Mary married to Tristram Skinner of Cowley. BROUGHTON, of Warbrightleigh in the parish of Stoodleigh.— Arms.— A chevron between three muUets gules. William married Joan, daughter of Richard and sister and heir of War- ren SachvUle, of Warbrightleigh, esq., the rehct of Thomas Rocke ; which Richard SachviUe was son and heir of John, son and heir of Adam and of Matthia his wife, daughter and heir of Richard de Alabastre, esq., who was son and heir of Thomas, son and heir of Sir Hamond, son and heir of Ni- cholas, son and heir of Sir Roger de Alabastre, of Warbrightleigh, knight, to which name Warbrightleigh belonged in the days of King Edward I., and had issue Thomas. Thomas Broughton married and had issue John ; who married and had issue James ; who married and had issue Humphrey, and Simon sans issue. Humphrey married and had issue Hugh, George, James, Joan, Jane, Ag- nes, Mary, Elizabeth, Margaret, Grace, and Barbara. Hugh, son and heir, married a daughter and coheir of Eastacot, and had issue George sans issue, George, William, Humphrey, Barbara, Katharine, and Mary. George, son and heir, married Ehzabeth, daughter of John Giffard, of Brightlegh, esq., and hath issue George, Arthur, Hugh, Honor, Elizabeth, and Joan. ROSKYMER, of Haylford in Cornwall. — Arms. — Azure, three bars ar- gent, in chief a wolf passant of the first. John Roskymer married Ehzabeth, daughter and heir of Zelote Paulyn, and had issue Richard; who had issue Richard; who had issue John; who had issue Richard ; who had issue Richard ; who married AJice, daughter of Sir Richard Prideaux, of Orchardton, knight, and had issue Wilham ; who married Melior, daughter of Alan Rosmarnie, and had issue Richard ; who married Clarence, daughter of John Lauline, and had issue Richard ; who had issue Roger ; who married Joan, daughter of Roger Whalesbo- rough, and had issue Sir John Roskymer, knight ; who married Phihppa, daughter and heir of John de Wyck, and had issue Ralph ; who married Idonea, daughter of Sir John Trevarthien, knight, and of Joan his wife, daughter and heir of Sir Gates Bodrugans, knight, and heir to her brother Oates ; which Sir John was son and heir of John Trevarthien and Maud his wife, daughter and heir of Sir Oliver Carmino, knight, son and heir of John Trevarthien and of Mabel his wife, daughter and heir of Richard He- DBVON8HIRB FAMILIES. 633 ligan, son and heir of Bennet Trevarthien and Mary his wife, daughter of Thomas Trembethow, son and heir of William Trevarthien and Cecily his wife, daughter of Sir Bennet Whalesborough, knight, son and heir of Ro- bert Trevarthien and Margaret his vpife, daughter of Sir Richard Blogan, knight ; which Ralph Roskymer had issue Ralph ; who married a daughter of Hill, and had issue William ; who married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Arundell, of Talvern, knight, and had issue John ; who married Katharine, daughter of John Trethurfe, (she afterwards married John Ske- wys, sans issue,) and had issue John, (who died without lawful issue,) and William, (second son and heir,) who married Ahce, second daughter and heir of John Densil, sergeant-at-law, and had issue Ann, (married to John Trelawney, of Pool in Menhenniot, Cornwall, knight; secondly to Sir Wil- liam Mohun, knight, and had issue;) Katharine, (married to Peter Courte- nay, of Watton, in Landrake, Cornwall, esq.;) and Joan, (married to Tho- mas Lower, of St. Winnow in Cornwall, esq.) ESSE, (or ASH,) of Thuborough. — Arms. — Argent, two chevrons sable. Sir Ralph Esse, knight, had issue Thomas sine prole, Ingaret, (married to Andrew Giffard of Thuborough ;) Elizabeth, (to John GiiFard, of Hel- land in Cornwall ;) Margaret, (to Richard Halse, of Kenedon in Sherford. ESSE, (or ASH,) of Clist-Fomison, or Sowton. — Arms. — Argent, two chevrons sable. Nicholas Esse, of Clist-Fomison, esq., married Joan, daughter of An- thony Pollard, and made his will 3rd April, 1552, which was proved 8th June that year : his eldest son, Richard, married Prudence, daughter of John Ridgeway of London, and was buried at Sowton 12th Sep., 1591 ; leaving Henry Ash, his eldest son, who married Loveday, daughter of Richard Moyle of St. Austle, and had issue Richard; who married Ann, daughter of Andrew Geare of Heavitree, gent. Henry was buried at Sowton 8th June, 1640, leavhig Ann who died in infancy, Ursula, and Prudence. MONTAGUE, Lord Chief Justice. — Arms, — Argent, three fusils in fess gules, within a bordure sable. Sir Edward Montague, knight, lord chief justice, married Cecily, daugh- ter of WilUam Lane, of Walgrave, esq.; secondly he married Jane, daugh- ter of Wilham Kirkham ; thirdly he married Mary, daughter of Roper of Kent : by these, or one, or more, of these, he had issue Sir Edward, Roger, Simon, Thomas, and William ; also by the first wife, Ann, (married to 634 DBVONSHIRE FAMILIBS. Rouse of Gervil ;) Dorothy, (to Edward Watson of Rockingham ;) Alice, EUzabeth, (married first to Richard Cave, esq.; secondly to William Mark- ham ;) Mary, (to Watts of Bracklegh ;) Margery, (to Robert Lynwood ;) Isabel, (to Bryan Lassels ;) Ann, (to John Lane of Walgrave ;) and Helen, (to George Tyrrell, of Thornton in Buckinghamshire.) Sir Edward Montague, of Boughton, son and heir of Sir Edward, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Harrington, knight, and had issue Sir Edward, Walter, Henry, (lord chief justice, president of the council, and Viscount Mandeville ;) and James, (bishop of Bath and Wells.) Sir Henry Montague, (third son,) Viscount Mandeville, married Katha- rine, second daughter of Sir WilUam Spencer, of Yearnton in Oxfordshire, knight, and had issue Edward, Walter, James, Charles who died young, Henry, Elizabeth, Lucy, Theodosia, and Susan ; secondly he married Ann, daughter of William Wincol, of Lanham in Sufiblk, the relict of Sir Wil- liam Holiday, knight. Lord Mayor of London, sans issue ; thirdly he married Margaret, daughter of John Crouch, of Cornbury in Hertford, the rehct of John Hare, of Totteridge in Hertfordshire, and had issue George and Mary. WADHAM, of Edge in Branscomb, Devon ; and Merryfield in Somerset, esq. — Arms. — Gules, a chevron between three roses argent. WiUiam Wadham was lord of Egge, now called Edge, in Branscomb, in the time of Edward HI., and was a judge, [his name was John,] he had is- sue John; who married Joan, daughter of Wriothesley, and had issue Wil- liam, and a daughter, wife of Edmund Bozome of Bozome-Zeal. Sir Wil- liam, knight, married Margaret, daughter and coheir of John Chuseldon of Holcomb-Rogus, issue John, William, James, Elizabeth, (wife of Robert StanweU of Codleston ;) Mary, (wife of Gilbert Yard of Bradley;) Ann, (wife of William Montacute, of Henleigh near Crookhem.) From William descended Wadham of Catherston. Sir John Wadham married Elizabeth, daughter of Hugh Stukeley of Af- feton, sister of Nicholas, and had issiie Nicholas, and William of whom is Ashford ; secondly he married a daughter of Cheyney of Pinhoe. Sir Nicho- las, knight, married Joan, daughter of Robert HiU of Halsway, issue Lau- rence, John, Giles, Andrew, Mary, (wife of Sir Richard Chudlegh ;) Eliza- beth (wife of Richard Bampfield of Poltimore :) secondly he married Mar- garet, sister to Sir John Seymour, of Somerset, knight, issue Laurence, who married and died sans issue. DEVONSHIRE FAMILIES. 635 Richard Wadham, of Merryfield, married and had issue Elizabeth, mar- ried to . Nicholas Wadham, of Edge, esq., married a daughter of Bridges, Lord Chandos, and had issue John ; who married Ann, daughter and coheir of John Keilway of CuUompton, the rehct of William Harewood of Kingsland, and had issue Nicholas, Joan, (married to Giles Strangways, of Dorsetshire, esq.; secondly to Sir John Young of Bristol, knight ;) Flo- rence, (first married to Sir John Wyndham, of Orchard- Wyndham in Somer- setshire, knight; secondly to Charles Farringdon, of Farringdon, esq.;) and Ann, (married to Nicholas Martin, of Aldmeston in Dorset, esq. Nicholas Wadham, esq., married Dorothy, daughter of Sir William Pe- tre, knight, principal secretary of state to Queen Mary and of her privy council, and died sans issue, [save that they left behind an issue better than of sons and daughters, viz, Wadham College in Oxford, their most noble offspring ; which will convey their name and memory fragrant to all future generations.] FINIS SUBSCRIBERS. Her Most Gracious Majesty THE QUEEN DOWAGER. His Royal Highness THE PRINCE ALBERT. Acland, Sir Thomas Dyke, Bart., M. P., Killerton Adams, Lieutenant General, Sir G. P., Ockington House Aberdein, R. H., Esq., Honiton Adair, Alexander, Esq., Heatherton-Park Abbott, J. W., Esq., Exeter Adams, W. Dacres, Esq., Bowdon, Totnes Andrews, Mr., Bristol, 2 copies Anstey, Mr. John, Sandford Arnold, WiUiam, Esq., Nethercot, Iddesleigli, 2 copies Arnold, William, Esq., Dolton Arnold, Robert, Esq., Fursdon, Iddesleigh Arnold, Mr. T. O., Park, Iddesleigh Arundell, W. A. Harris, Esq., Lifton Park Arundell, Rev. F. V. J., Landulph, Cornwall Bedford, His Grace the Duke of, Endsleigh Bassett, The Baroness, Tehidy, Cornwall Baring, Sir Thomas, Bart., Stratton-Park, Hampshire, 2 copies Buller, Sir J. B. Y., Bart., M. P., Lupton-House Badcock, Mr. H., St. Stephens by Launceston Ballc, Mr., Exeter, 3 copies Barnes, Ralph, Esq., Exeter Barrow, John, Esq., Admiralty, London Barton, H. D., Esq., Exeter Bartlett, Rev. Moysey, Lifton 4 M (338 SUBSCRIBERS. Bartlett, G. T. J. Moysey, Esq., Pall-Mail East, London Basleigh, Captain, Honiton Bayley, W. R., Esq., Cotford, Sidbury Bellew, Miss C, Exeter Bennet, Mr. J., Plymouth Bent, Mrs. Frances, Exeter, 2 copies Bent, Major John, Wexham Lodge, Bucks Benthall, F., Esq., F. S. A., Buckfast Abbey Besly, Rev. Dr., Long Benton, Northumberland Besly, W., Esq., Exeter Bidgood, H. F., Esq., Rockbear- Court Bird, C, Esq., Black-Torrington Bishop, W. R., Esq., Exeter Blunt, R. T., Esq., Heavitree Boger, Deeble, Esq., Plympton Bond, Rev. J., Stoke-Canon Borlase, Rev. W., Lanteglos, Cornwall Bowden, H., Esq., Bradninch Bowring, J. Esq., M. P., London Bowring, Mr. John, Exeter Boyce, Rev. John, St. John's Wood, London Boyce, Mr. F., Tiverton Brandreth, Captain R. E., Admiralty, London Braddon, John Clode, Esq., Camelford Braddon, W., Esq., Lifton Park Braginton, G., Esq., Torrington Braund, G., Esq., Exeter Braund, Mr. H., Exeter Bray, Rev. E. A., Tavistock Bremridge, Richard, Esq., Barnstaple Brendon, Mr., Tavistock Brickdale, J. Fortescue, Esq., Birchamp-House, Gloucestershire Brown, Rev. C, Whitestone Brown, H. Langford, Esq., Barton-Lodge, Kingskerswell Brown, S. Cowper, Esq., F. S. A., Shillingford Cross Brown, A. P., Esq., Dulverton SUBSCRIBERS. 639 Brutton, C, Esq., Exeter Buck, L. W., Esq., M.P , Moreton, Bideford Buckingham, W., Esq., Exeter Bull, The Rev. Canon, Exeter Buller, J. Wentworth, Esq., Downes, Crediton Buller, Mrs. Richard, Exeter Burdon, C. Esq., Burdon, Highampton Butchers, Mr., Exeter Clinton, The Rt. Hon. Lord, Heanton Courtenay, The Rt. Hon. Lord, M. P., Powderham Castle Churchill, The Lady H. D., Morchard- Bishop Chfford, The Hon. Mr., Ugbrook, Chudleigh Chichester, Sir A,, Bart., Youlston Coleridge, The Rt, Rev. Bishop, Salston, Ottery St. Mary Coleridge, The Hon, Mr. Justice, Heath's-Court,Ottery St. Mary Cann, Mr. G., South-Tawton Canton, G. A,, Esq,, St, Martin's-Lane, London Carew, J,, Esq,, Knightleys, Exeter Carew, J. H. Pole, Esq., M. P., Antony Cartwright, H., Esq., Forde-House, Newton Abbot Carwithen, Rev. W., D. D., Stoke- Chmsland, Cornwall Carwithen, Rev. J. C, Manaton Cary, Robert Shedden Sulyard, Esq., Torr Abbey Cary, George Stanley, Esq., Follaton- House, Totnes Champernowne, H., Esq., Dartington- House Chard, W,, Esq., Boxhill, Pennycross, Plymouth Chichester, Rev. J. Hamilton, Arhngton Chichester, Robert, Esq,, Hall Churchill, Miss F,, Exeter Churchill, Henry, Esq,, Morchard- Bishop Clark, W. J., Esq., Buckland Toutsaints Clarke, J. Were, Esq., Bridwell- House, CuUompton Clatworthy, Mr., Exeter Coham, Holland, Esq., Coham and Dunsland Coldridge, Rev. T., Exeter 540 SUBSCRIBERS. Cole, R., Esq., Upper Norton-Street, London ^ Cole, J. J., Esq., North-Brixton, London Cole, W. C, Esq., Exeter Coleridge, F. G., Esq., Ottery St. Mary Coleridge, Rev. Edwin E., Buckerell CoUings, Mr., Bath, 2 copies Collyns, W. Esq., Kenton Coplestone, E. A., Esq., Uffculme Cornish, Rev. Sidney W., D. D., Ottery St. Mary Cosens, W., Esq., Langdon, Dawlish Cotton, Mr. J. K., Barnstaple Courtenay, Rev. Francis, Exeter Courtier, John, Esq., Moreton-Hampstead Crabbe, W. R., Esq., Heavitree Creswell, J. B., Esq., Newcourt, Topsham Croker, Thomas Crofton, Esq., Admiralty, London Croker, T. G., Esq., M. D., Cross-Cottage, Bovey Croote, W., Jiinr., Esq., Lapford Cruse, Mr., London Cruwys, Rev. G. S., Cruwys-Morchard Cumming, G. W., Esq., Exeter Devon, The Rt. Hon. the Earl of, Powderham Castle Davie, Sir Humphrey P., Bart., Creedy Drake, Sir Trayton Fuller Elliot, Bart., Nutwell-Court Davidson, James, Esq., Secktor-House, Axminster Davy, Robert, Esq., Countess-Weir, Exeter Davy, S., Esq., Countess-Weir, Exeter Daw, Mr., London Dawson, W., Esq., Exeter Death, Mr. T. E., Bishopsgate, London Delegarde, P. C, Esq., Exeter Dene, Rev. John, Horwood Dennis, Rev. Prebendary, B. C. L., Polsloe-Park, Heavitree Dennis, Rev. Samuel, Launceston Derry, David, Esq., Plymouth SUBSCRIBERS. 641 Devon and Exeter Institution, Exeter Dewdney, Mr. Thomas, Bradninch Divett, E., Esq. M. P., Bystock Dobbin, Rev. Dr., Topsham Drake, Zachary Hammett, Esq., Springfield, Barnstaple Drake, T. E., Esq., Exeter Drake, W. R., Esq., Parthenon Club, London Drayton, Mr., Exeter Drew, Mr. Charles, Broadchst Drew, Mr. J,, Junr., Powderham Castle Drewe, E. Simcoe, Esq., The Grange, Honiton Dunsford, Henry, Esq., Tiverton Dunning, Simon, Esq., Winldeigh Duntze, James, N. Esq., Hensley-House, Tiverton Durant, Richard, Esq., Sharpham Durant, Captain, North-Tawton Dymond, Robert, Esq., Exeter Exeter, The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of, Bishopstowe Elton, Sir E. Marwood, Bart., Widworthy- Court EUiot, W. H., Esq., M. D., Exeter EUiot, Mr. James, Junr., Bridgetown, Totnes Fortescue, The Rt. Hon. Earl, Castle-Hill Falmouth, The Rt. Hon. Earl of, Tregothnan, Cornwall Fellowes, the Lady Katharine, Eggesford, 2 copies FoUett, Sir W. W., M. P., London Fisher, W. F., Esq., Sanctuary, Shobrooke Fitze, Mr. J., Exeter, 2 copies Flood, C. S., Esq., Honiton Follett, R. B., Esq., London Follett, John, Esq., Exeter Ford, Richard, Esq., Heavitree Fortescue, G., Esq., Newhayes, St. Thomas Freer, Dr., Oakf or d- House, Exeter Froom, Mr. W., Junr., Exeter 642 SUBSCRIBERS. Froude, Rev. Archdeacon, Dartington Froude, Miss M., Denbury- House Fry, E. H., Esq., Islington, London Fulford, Colonel, Fulford Fulford, Baldwin, Junr., Esq., Fulford Fulford, Rev. F., Croydon Rectory, Cambridgeshire Fursdon, Mrs., Fursdon- House, Cadbury Fursdon, G., Esq., Brampford-Speke Germans, St., The Rt. Hon. the Earl of. Port Elliot, Cornwall Gale, John, Esq., Cheriton-House, Balham, Surrey Garratt, John, Esq., Bishop's- Court Geare, John, Esq., Exeter Germon, Mr. J,, Meacombe, Moreton Gibson, W. S., Esq., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Gidley, John, Esq., Exeter GifFard, Edward, Esq., Admiralty, London Giles, G., Esq., Jump, near Plymouth GUlett, George, Esq., Colyton Gordon, C, Esq., Wiscombe-Park Gould, Daniel, Esq., Honiton Gould, Rev. C. Baring, Lewtrenchard Gould, Mr. John, Poltimore Gregor, Gordon W. F., Esq., Trewarthenick, Cornwall Grigg, Mark, Esq., Plymouth Haley, P. J., Esq., Witheridge Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, Esq., The Retreat, Topsham Hamlin, Mr. T. P., Launceston Hannaford, Mr., Exeter Harding, Colonel, Tiverton Harding, Robert, Esq., Lynton Harris, W., Esq., Plumley, Bovey Harris, J., Esq., Hawkmoor, Bovey Heberden, Rev. W., Broadhembury Herring, Miss, Worden, Shebbear SUBSCRIBERS. 543 Hewett, J. W., Esq., Exeter Hippisley, J. H., Esq., Shobrooke-Park Hoare, C. Esq., Luscombe, Dawlish Holden, Mr., Exeter, 3 copies Hole, W., Esq., Clare-House, Tiverton Hole, W., Esq., Parke. Chudleigh Hole, Rev. Prebendary, Chulmleigh Hole, Rev. H., Ebberly- House, Torrington Holman, Captain, Crediton Holtoway, Mr. W., London Honywood, Colonel, Whimple Hooper, Mr. J. Junr., Withecombe, Chagford Howard, Mr., Alphington Howe, Mr., Exeter Howell, Rev. Hinds, Shobrooke Hunt, R. Newman, Esq., Upper Harley- Street, London Ilchester, The Rt. Hon. the Earl of, Melbury-House, Dorset Ilbert, W. Roope, Esq., Horswell- House, Kingsbridge Impey, Adnural, Coly- Villa, Colyford Instan, Charles, Esq., Birmingham James, J. H., Esq., Exeter Jones, Pitman, Esq., Exeter Jones, Major E., Plympton Jones, Rev. J. P., Rector of Butterleigh Kerr, The Rev. Lord Henry, Dittisham Kennaway, Sir John, Bart., Escot Kar slake. Rev. W., Dolton Kekewich, S. Trehawke, Esq., Peamore Kelly, Captain Marwood B.,R.N., United Service-Club, London Kendall, W. Esq., Budleigh Kerr, Captain Beauchamp, Rocklands, Chudleigh Kerslake, Mr., Bristol Kersteman, H. G., Esq., Exeter fJ44 SUBSCRIBERS. Kingdon, Mrs. J. H., Exeter Kingdon. G. Boughton, Esq., Castle- Hartley, Plymouth Kingdon, Major Dennis, Petherwyn-Barton, near Launceston Llandaff, The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of, Deanery, St. Paul's Lopes, Sir Ralph, Bart., M. P., Maristow Lacey, Mr. G., Okehampton Langdon, W., Esq., Crediton Law, Rev. John, Litchdon, Barnstaple Lawrence, Northmore P., Esq., Launceston Lee, Major George, Budleigh-Salterton Lee, W., Esq., Exeter Lethbridge, J. King, Esq.. Tregeare, Launceston Ley, J. H., Esq., Trehill, Kenn Ley, Rev. H., Kenn Ley, W., Esq., Woodlands, Kenn Ley, J. S., Esq., Durrant, Bideford Longman and Co., Messrs., London Lott, H. B., Esq., Tracey-House, Awliscombe Lott, H. J., Esq., Honiton • Lott, Rev. F. G., Colyton Luney, Rev. Prebendary, Kingsbridge Luscombe, J., Esq., Combe -Royal, Salcombe Morley, The Rt. Hon. the Earl of, Saltram Mackintosh, D., Esq., Exeter Mallet, Hugh, Esq., Ash, Iddesleigh Mallet, John, Esq., Marland Mallock, Rawhn, Esq., Axminster Marker, Rev. H. W., Aylesbeare Marker, R. J., Esq., Uffculme Martyn, Mr. R., Broadchst Mason, Rev. J. H., Widdecombe-in-the-Moor Matheson, James, Esq., M. P., Cleveland- Row, London Matthews, H,, Esq., Bradninch Mathew, J., Esq., Clisthydon SUBSCRIBERS. 645 Maunder, S., Esq., Exeter Mayne, Mr. C. D„ Ottery St. Mary Merivale, J. H., Esq., Bedford-Square, London Meyrick, Lieutenant General, Exeter, 2 copies Meyrick, Miss, Bodmeyric, Holsworthy Miles, W., Esq., Exeter Mill, Mr. W., Exeter Mills, Rev. W., D. D., Exeter Moon, Mr. J., Kelland, Lapford Moore, Mr. W., Exeter Morris, W. C, Esq., Fishleigh, Hatherleigh Morrison, Mrs., Yeo-Vale, Bideford Mortimer, Miss S., Pinhoe Mortimer, Mr. R,, Silverton Mudge, Colonel, Beech wood near Plymouth Mules, P., Esq., Honiton Northumberland, His Grace the Duke of, Werrington Northcote, Sir Stafford H., Bart., Pynes Newman, Sir R. W., Bart., Mamhead Nagle, Joseph Chichester, Esq., Calverleigh-Court Nantes, Rev. D., Powderham Nation, W., Esq., Exeter Neale, W., Esq., Starcross Nettleton, Mr., Plymouth, 2 copies Newton, J. G., Esq., Millaton-House, Bridestow Nichols, G. H., Esq., F. S. A., London Oliver, Rev. G., D. D., Exeter, 2 copies Poltimore, The Rt. Hon. Lord, Poltimore- House Palmerston, The Rt. Hon. Lord, M.P.,Carlton-Terrace, London Prideaux, Sir Edmund Sanderson, Bart., Netherton Pole, Sir W. Templer, Bart., Shute House Patteson, The Hon. Mr. Justice, Feniton-Court Palk, Lawrence, Esq., Haldon-House 4n (J46 SUBSCRIBERS. Parker, Mrs., Whiteway- House, Chudleigh Pasmore, Mr. James, Exeter Pearse, J., Esq., Hatherleigh Pearse, G., Esq., Bradninch-House Pearse, Mr. James, Exeter Pearse, Mr. W., Exeter Pearse, T., Esq., Launceston Peek, R., Esq., Hazelwood-House, Kingsbridge Pennell, R. L., Esq., M.D., Exeter Pennell, H. B., Esq., Dawlish Pennyman, Mrs., Rise-Cottage, Dawlish Perry, Mr., Plymouth, 3 copies Petheram, Mr. J., London Phillips, R. Curtis, Esq., Weymouth Pickering, Mr. W., London Pigott, J. H. S., Esq., F. S. A., Brockley-Hall, Somerset Pitman, J., Esq., Dunchideock Pitman, Rev. J., Broadhempston Player, Joseph, Esq., Honiton Plymouth Public Library, Plymouth Pode, W., Esq., Slade-House, Ivybridge Ponsford, Rev. W., Drewsteignton Ponsford, J., Esq., Moreton-Hampstead Porter, Mr. John, Exeter Praed, W. Mackworth, Esq., Delamore, Ivybridge Pring, Thomas, Esq., Fordton- House, Crediton Pulman, J., Esq., (Richmond Herald,) Herald's College, London Putt, W., Esq., Brampford-Speke Pyke, Rev. John, Parracombe Quicke, John, Esq., Newton St. Cyres RadclifFe, Rev. Walter, Warlegh near Plymouth Radchffe, J. W., Esq., Eastdon- Cottage, Starcross Radford, Rev. W. T. A., Down St. Mary Rayer, Rev. W., Tidcombe Rectory, Tiverton SUBSCRIBERS. 647 Rendle, Mr. John, Exeter Richards, Rev. Dr., Winterbourne, Teignmouth Richards, Rev. G. P., Sampford-Courtenay Risdon, Joseph, Esq., Hartley, Buckland-Filleigh Risdon, W., Esq., Dolton Risdon, Joseph, Esq., Speccot, Merton Risdon, Mr. Charles, Exeter Risdon, Mr. John, Exeter Roberts, Rev. E., Brighton Roberts, N. L., Esq., Bidwell-House Roberts, Charles, Esq., Bickington- House, near Barnstaple Roberts, Edward R., Esq., Fort-Hill-House, Barnstaple Rodd, Francis, Esq., Trebartha-Hall, Launceston Rodd, Mrs., Reed- House, Hatherleigh Roe, Henry R. Esq., Gnaton-Hall, Yealmpton Rogers, J., Esq., Dawhsh Row, W., Esq., Kingston-upon-Thames, 2 copies Row, W. North, Esq., Cove, Tiverton Row, Mr. T. B., Thorverton Shrewsbury, The Rt. Hon. the Earl of, Alton-Towers Savery, R,, Esq., Bovey Shapcott, Rev. T. L., Southampton Shapter, T., Esq., M. D., Exeter Sharland, A. Cruwys, Esq., Tiverton Sharland, Mr. Thomas, Exeter Short, Mr. J. S., Hatherleigh Shrubsole, W., Esq., Kingston-upon-Thames, 2 copies Skmner, Mr. J., Junr., North-Tawton Smerdon, H., Esq., Christow Smirke, E., Esq., Temple, London Smith, F. E., Esq., Crediton Smith, Thomas, Esq., Exeter Smith, Abraham, Esq., Treasbear, Clist-Honiton Smith, Mr. R., Exeter South-Devon Library, Totnes 648 SUBSCRIBERS. Spreat and Wallis, Messrs., Exeter, 2 copies Stapleton, Thomas, Esq., Wilton-Place, Knightsbridge, London Stevens, Rev. Archdeacon Moore, Otterton Stevenson, John N., Esq., Alphington Strode, G. Esq., Newnham-Park Strong, Mr., Bristol, 2 copies Sweetland, Miss, Bath Swete, John Beaumont, Esq., Oxton-House Symons, Mr. Thomas, Coryton, near Bridestow Tufihell, The Hon. Mrs. S., Horkstow-Hall, Lincolnshire Tonkin, Sir Warwick Hele, Teignmouth Tanner, G., Esq., Crediton Tanner, James, Esq., Kingsnympton-Park Tardrew, W., Esq., Annery-House, Bideford Taylor, Colonel F., W., OgweU-House Templer, Rev. James Acland, Puddletown, Dorset Terrell, James, Esq., Exeter Terrell, John Hull, Esq., Exeter Tout, Michael, Esq., Burrington Townsend, J. Honywood, Esq., Honiton Tozer, John Chappell, Esq., Teignmouth Treby, H., Esq., Goodamoor, Plympton Trevenen, Rev. E., Drewsteignton Trewman, R. J., Esq., Exeter Tucker, W., Esq., Coryton-Park, 2 copies Tucker, Rev. Marwood, Harpford Tucker, Charles, Esq., F. S. A„ Harpford Tucker, Mr. A. S., Weymouth Tuckett, R. G. S., Esq., Bristol Tuckett, Mr. N., Exeter Veitch, Mr. Robert, Exeter Wallop, The Lady Annabella, Exmouth Wrey, Sir Bourchier Palk, Bart., Tawstock SUBSCRIBERS. (J49 Walker, S. A., Esq., B. A., Teignmouth Walkey, Rev. Charles, Clist St. Lawi-ence, 2 copies Wallis, Rev. John, Bodmin Walrond, Bethell, Esq., Dulford-House Warren, Rev. R. P., Slapton Webber, Mr. Peter, Tiverton Welman, Charles Noel, Esq., Norton-Mount, Taunton Whiddon, Mr., Botterford Whitaker, T., Esq., Exeter Wilcocks, Ebenezer, Esq., Alphington Wilcocks, John Madgwick, Esq., Spurbarne, St. Leonard Williams and Co., Messrs., London Wmdeatt, W. Fabyan, Esq., Totnes Wippell, Mr. W., Rudway, Rewe Woodman, W., Esq., Exeter Woods, G. H., Esq., Kenton Wolcott, Mrs., Knowle-House, Sidmouth Wyld, W. H., Esq., Bristol Wyld, J. H., Esq., Bristol Yarde, John, Esq., Trobridge- House Yarde, W., Esq., Topsham Yarde, T., Esq., Whitestone- House Yates, J., Esq., Shobrooke Yonge, James, Esq., M. D., Pljrmouth Young, C. M., Esq., Netherexe-House. \V. Iloberti, PriDter, 19T, High-Streat, Kxater. RECENTLY PUBLISHED, In small folio, price 5s., DEVONIiE INDEX PAROCHIALIS, By pitman JONES, Esq., Exeter. CONTENTS : Names of the several Hundreds in the County of Devon, with their relative situations to Exeter: Borough and Corporate Towns: Parishes, Townships, and Extra-parochial Places, within the several Hundreds : the Parishes, with their pecu- har Ecclesiastical Jurisdictions; distinguished as Rectories, Vicarages, or Curacies; Archdeaconries, Deaneries, Patrons, Impropriators; the Hundred in which each Parish is situate; the nearest Post-Town, and distance from Exeter ; the Original Names, as far as they can be collected, from the Exeter Domes- day ; with occasional Etymologies ; Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction to grant Probates of WiUs and Letters of Administration within the Diocese of Exeter ; Magisterial Divisions for holding Petty Sessions ; PoUing Places, and Poor-Law Unions. W. ROBERTS, 197, HIGH-STREET, EXETER. The Gentleman's Magazine thus expresses its opinion of the Work : — " We have no doubt that this Compilation, which is evidently made with great care, will recommend itself to the attention of all men of business in the district to which it relates ; and it will occasionally materially facilitate the inquiries of those to whom business is least familiar. We trust the ex- ample will not be lost in other Coimties, as our Public Reading-Rooms can- not be too fully stored with works of this nature; which quicken communi- cation, and connect, as they illustrate, the various relations of Society." QfJ DA " -..-i;'ira'iAr»; h-^] University of California SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388 Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed. lOOM II mill II III! Ill 205 00987 9212 UC SOUTHERN RFHinNAL LIBRARY FACILITY AA 000 239 894 a ii'ililiiililijiiiiiii'liiilllir iiii;;. Miu:i!:;;:;;;;i-.