Self -taught stenographer, or 
 Stenographic guldd... 
 
 by 
 Erastus Brigham Bigelow 
 

 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
THE 
 
 SELF-TAUGHT STENOGRAPHER, 
 
 STENOGRAPHIC GUIDE; 
 
 EXPLAINING 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND RULES OF THE ART OF 
 SHORT-HAND WRITING, 
 
 ILL' uy APPROPRIATE PLATES AND EXAMPLES. 
 
 LLED AND IMPROVED FROM THE LATEST EUROPEAN AND 
 AMERICAN PUBLICATIONS, 
 
 BY E. B. BIGELOW, STENOGRAPHER. 
 
 LANCASTER: 
 PRINTED BY CARTER, ANDREWS, AND CO. 
 
 1832. 
 
J. M. CURRIER, M. D., 
 NEWPORT, VT. 
 
THE 
 
 SELF-TAUGHT STENOGRAPHER, 
 
 STENOGRAPHIC GUIDE; 
 
 EXPLAINING 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND RULES OF THE ART OF 
 SHORT-HAND WRITING, 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BY APPROPRIATE PLATES AND EXAMPLES. 
 
 COMPILED AND IMPROVED FROM THE LATEST EUROPEAN AN 
 AMERICAN PUBLICATIONS, 
 
 BY E. B. BIGELOW, STENOGRAPHER. 
 
 LANCASTER : 
 PRINTED BY CARTER, ANDREWS, AND CO. 
 
 1832. 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1832, by Erastus B. Bigelow, in 
 the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 ALTHOUGH short-hand writing has come into disuse, 
 by prejudices consequent upon voluminous, intricate, 
 and expensive treatises heretofore published, and its 
 true merits have been undervalued, the author of this 
 system flatters himself, that, by his perspicuity of 
 arrangement, he shall overcome all obstacles from this 
 source. 
 
 Few persons know the advantages of this art, and 
 the facility of acquiring it, otherwise it would be more 
 / generally used ; and serve to enrich the common-place 
 book of thousands, who now write by long-hand in 
 hours, what they could record in minutes by the prac- 
 tice of short-hand. In the compilation of this work it 
 has been the sole design to adapt it to the use of pri- 
 </> vate learners, and to illustrate and exemplify the whole 
 > theory by rules and engravings, so as to place it within 
 the reach of every individual, without the expense of 
 a; personal instruction : all of which is compatible with 
 jg its simplicity. For in this system the novelty of writing 
 
 1 consists merely in the active manoeuvring of a few sim- 
 ple but significant signs. These signs have been care- 
 fully selected, and their respective powers so distinctly 
 
 * defined in the following columns, that any person may 
 S) readily qualify himself without a teacher to record the 
 ^ language of a public speaker, word by word, so legibly 
 
 as to be read distinctly at any subsequent time. 
 w Although the value of shorthand can never be duly 
 appreciated, except by those who investigate its prin- 
 
 2 ciples, still those must be wilfully prejudiced and 
 sceptical who will not acknowledge its utility as a 
 labour and time saving art ; especially when the time 
 necessary to its acquisition is reduced to a few hours 
 of individual study, and the expense brought within 
 the pecuniary means of all. 
 
 (0= See Direction*. 
 
 West Boylston, Dec. 1(5, 1831. 
 
 4485;: 
 
THE 
 
 STENOGRAPHIC GUIDE. 
 
 OF THE STENOGRAPHIC ALPHABET. 
 
 THE stenographic alphabet is composed of twenty -one characters, 
 which are extremely simple, easily made, and readily combined with 
 each other without the loss of time, labour, space, or perspicuity. 
 The alphabet is the first thing which demands the attention of the 
 learner, the foundation on which the whole art is built, and on 
 which all subsequent improvement will depend. Hence it is ob- 
 vious that the characters, as well as the words which they represent, 
 should be so indelibly fixed in the memory, as to be recollected with- 
 out the least hesitation. The learner, being furnished with a small 
 blank book without ruling, should commence by writing the cha- 
 racters of the alphabet, at the same time repeating to himself the 
 letters and alphabetical words till the whole is familiar. Thus, A 
 or E, (.) stands for ah, at, am, and ; B, ( *N, ) stands for be, by, been, 
 but ; D, (/) for do, does, did, done, &c. 
 
 During this exercise, the learner should endeavour to form the 
 characters as nearly like those in the alphabet as possible, in length, 
 proportion, and inclination, beginning and ending according to note 
 (*), at the same time striving to increase the facility of execution as 
 much as practicable. 
 
THE STENOGRAPHIC ALPHABET, 
 
 With the several words represented by each character when standing alone. 
 
 Pla(e I. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Characters.* 
 
 Alphabetical words. 
 
 A and E 
 
 
 
 ah, at, am, and. 
 
 B 
 
 <\ 
 
 be, by, been, but. 
 
 D 
 
 / 
 
 do, does, did, done. 
 
 Fand V 
 
 \ 
 
 for, of, off, if. 
 
 Gand J 
 
 o- 
 
 God, give, go, gone. 
 
 H 
 
 / 
 
 have, he, had, him. 
 
 KandC 
 
 C 
 
 keep, could, can, know. 
 
 L 
 
 S 
 
 Lord, all, let, like. 
 
 M 
 
 .^ 
 
 man, me, my, may. 
 
 N 
 
 'v_x 
 
 not, an, in, no. 
 
 Oand U 
 
 
 
 oh, on, out, ought. 
 
 P 
 
 1 
 
 put, power, up, upon. 
 
 Q 
 
 ') 
 
 quick, question, quite. 
 
 R 
 
 / 
 
 are, art, our, or. 
 
 S C and Z 
 
 . 
 
 so, his, is, as, us. 
 
 T 
 
 i 
 
 to, it, unto, the. 
 
 W 
 
 <^ 
 
 we, will, with, who. 
 
 X 
 
 ^-, 
 
 except, accept, example. 
 
 Y and I 
 
 ( 
 
 ye, yet, you, your. 
 
 ch 
 
 v 
 
 which, much, each, such. 
 
 sh 
 
 i 
 
 she, shall, shame, should. 
 
 th 
 
 " 
 
 this, they, thou, that. 
 
 thr 
 
 . 
 
 there, either, their, therefore. 
 
 * The small dots placed near the characlers, are to shew at which point the pupil 
 should commence to form them. The circle is always made first to characters formed 
 of circle and line; as, *\ , &c. 
 
RULES FOR USING THE CHARACTERS.! 
 
 1. When either of the alphabetical words, are, art, our, or, occur in writing, the 
 common r should be made ; but in combination with other consonants, the short-hand 
 r should be employed. 
 
 Ex.; are, art, wander, master. 
 
 r r wndr mstr 
 
 9. To express rr, begin with the short-hand r, and end with the common r. 
 Ei. bearer, error, 
 
 brr err 
 
 But for all other double letters, make the line longer, or the circle larger 
 Ex. gratitude, memory, people, 
 
 grttd mmry ppl 
 
 "J- 
 
 f Each character has four distinct powers. They are employed 1st, To represent 
 in their individual capacity either of those words annexed to them in the stenographic 
 alphabet ; 2nd, as letters, or representatives of sounds, to be combined in writing all 
 words not denoted by individual characters ; 3rd, for some of tlie most frequent pre- 
 positions; and 4th, lor the most frequent terminations of words, which are annexed to 
 them in the tables. See plates iv. and T. 
 
 J In all examples given in this way, the first line is the word, or sentence, in its lite- 
 ral form ; the second and third indicate the manner it is spelt and written in short- 
 hand. 
 
 RULES FOR SPELLING. 
 
 3. All words, except the alphabetical words, aie to be spelt and written according 
 to the sound of the letters, without any regard to orthography. 
 
 Ex. empty, excel, facts, 
 
 mt xl fx 
 
 4. Spell as you pronounce, then every silent letter will be omitted, and one letter 
 will be frequently substituted for another. 
 
 Ex. light, Utica, decay, 
 
 lit utk dk 
 
 ^\ T /~ 
 
 5. Omit all vowels in spelling, except when distinctly sounded at the beginning and 
 end of words. 
 
 Ex. end, pay, dogma, 
 
 nd pa dp-ma 
 
 V 1 ^" % 
 
 6. When two consonants of the same kind or sound come together without a vowel 
 between them, only one is to be used. 
 
 Ex. better, suffer, latter, 
 
 btr fr Hr 
 
 But if vowel or diphthong intervene, use both. 
 
 Ex. memory, people, lister, 
 
 mmry" ppl 
 
7. 4 and tc may be omitted, aa follows. 
 
 Ex. number, dumber, answer, 
 
 iniir shur ausr 
 
 8. Let A: or s supply the place of c, according to its sound. 
 Ex. common, cinder, 
 
 Uniu sndr 
 
 9. Let * supply the place of z io all cases. 
 Ex. hazel, 
 asl 
 
 10. ph and gh are never written in short-hand, as they are always sounded like / or 
 ti when not silent, and therefore are represented by these characters. 
 Ex. enough, Philadelphia, Stephen, 
 
 enl fldlla stvu 
 
 11. The letters cks and cts may be called x. 
 
 Ex. flocks, facts, roc!;s, 
 
 fix fx rx 
 
 12. h and e, may be frequently omitted, as follows. 
 
 Ex. highway, help, strength, 
 
 iwa elp struth 
 
 ( <-? 
 
 13. The character for ch is used in spelling only when it has a natural sound, as in 
 church, choice, charm, &c. But when ch has the sound of k or sA, let these charac- 
 ters be used. Ex. character, chaise, 
 
 krktr shs 
 
 L 
 
 Remarks. Although this method of spelling may appear difficult 
 to the beginner, he is assured that it may be made quite familiar in a 
 few hours, and that without injuring his common spelling. To do 
 this, pronounce words distinctly and rapidly, retaining for short-hand 
 nothing but the most prominent sounds ; as, nv for envy, ntt for en- 
 tity, Idr for elder, flsfr for philosopher, &.c. 
 
 RULES FOR JOINING CHARACTERS. 
 
 14. Make one letter as if no other were to be made, and then without lifting the 
 pen make the next as if the first had not been made, observing to turn in that way 
 which is the most simple and easy, but let the line always take the same direction from 
 the circle. ' Ex. -w p o LOB 
 
15. The character for v> may be made to incline upwards or downward! that 
 ;hich is the most convenient to join the preceding or following character. 
 Ex. w r w i. 
 
 *f <nf 
 
 Remarks. As the plan the pupil first adopts will soon become 
 habitual, it is highly necessary that at the outset great attention 
 should be paid to a regular form and combination of the characters, 
 Notwithstanding this may a little impede his expedition at first, he 
 will be shortly rewarded with the pleasure of being able to read his 
 own writing without that hesitation which ill-formed characters will 
 occasion ; and moreover, to preserve a symmetry in their adaptation, 
 on which the facility, as well as the beauty and elegance of this art, 
 chiefly depend. 
 
 RULES FOR WRITING. 
 
 16. Provide a hard black-lead pencil, patent silver or steel pen, or the common pen 
 made fine, good ink, and paper without ruling. 
 
 17. The pen is never lifted in writing, except to make a vowel, or sign of a preposi- 
 tion or termination. 
 
 18. When a vowel is to be written, if it be a or e, make a dot ; but if o or u, make 
 a comma ; and if it belong to a particular word, let it stand near that word, at the 
 right or left as the case may be ; but if not attached to a word, give it the same room 
 as any other character. 
 
 19. y and t arc denoted by their respective characters, and joined as consonants. 
 
 Ex. might, sorry. 
 mit sry 
 
 20. Those who do not wish to use numeral characters for numbers, may use com- 
 mon figures ; but make them larger than the other characters, that they may be rea- 
 dily distinguished. 
 
 21 Make every part of a character, whether ascending or descending, of an equal 
 breadth or thickness. 
 
 Remarks. In writing short-hand all awkward twisting or bending 
 of the arm. which is so natural to beginners, should be carefully 
 avoided. The pressure of the fingers upon the pen, the hand upon 
 the paper, the arm upon the table or desk, should be as little as pos- 
 sible ; while the motion of the pen should be made with the fn 
 and not by the whole hand, otherwise in long and continued writing 
 the wrist would be tired, and its progress greatly retarded. 
 
 RULES FOR READING. 
 
 22. When a word is not known at sight, proceed to speak each letter of which it is 
 'composed separately and distinctly, and then pronounce the whole together as rapidly 
 as possible ; thus, n, r, when pronounced nr, would give the word envy ; n, t, t, pro- 
 nounced nit, would give the word entity ; I, d, r, would be elder ; j, I, s, f, r, or 
 flsfr, would be readily recognised as philosopher ; and the same of all other words. 
 
 Remarks. Do not attempt to read your short-hand till you have 
 rendered the characters by writing them tolerably familiar. The 
 characters of this system are simple and few, and may soon be 
 known at sight, like the letters of our common alphabet; and when 
 this is the case, the sense of the subject will render the reading sure 
 and easy. 
 
OF THE JOINING TABLE. 
 
 This table shows the most easy and expeditious method of joining together any two conso- 
 nants admitted in short hand. If the combination of gh be wanted, look for gh in the left-hand 
 column, follow the line to the right till you come to the angle of meeting under A, where you 
 will find gh properly joined. Join all the characters different ways, as in plate ii, observing 
 that the one at the left is always made first. 
 
 The learner, when joining these characters, should repeat to himself the combination ; thus, 
 bb, bd, If or v, bg or j, &c. Example : against I, and under in, Im are properly joined ; against 
 m, and under I, ml are joined, and so of the other characters. 
 
 B !<MCK 
 
 Ov. 
 
 V 
 
 Y[ 
 
 C V- 
 
 V 
 
 c/- 
 
 c/ 
 
 X- 
 
 F& V| 
 
 X 
 
 s v 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 G & Jlo- 
 
 7 
 
 07, 
 
 -f 
 
 T) 
 
 
 "T 
 
 H [7 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 K& 
 
 (7 
 
 r 
 
 X 
 
 M 
 
 -7 
 
 
 V 
 
 r 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 y- 
 
 X 
 
 y 
 
 i 
 
 A 
 
 -1 
 
 /f 
 
 /i 
 
 /r 
 
 7 
 
 -f 
 
 n 
 
 T 
 
 k 
 
 Jo 
 
 Y 
 
 L 
 
 L 
 
 u 
 
 
 -t 
 
 1 
 
 Y&Ij ( 
 
 ch 
 
 sh 
 
 c, 
 
 c/ 
 
 
 C 
 
 C 
 
 c 
 
 t 
 /" 
 
 th 
 
 -f 
 
 T 
 
10 
 
 Method of Joining the L etters, 
 
 emblem 
 
 elder 
 
 wisdom 
 
 manner 
 
 ruler 
 
 danger 
 
 curtain 
 
 godlike 
 
 delay 
 
 elate 
 
 impel 
 
 sister 
 
 nililia 
 
 seldom 
 
 Idr 
 
 suffer 
 
 wsdm 
 
 torrent 
 
 mnr 
 
 viper 
 
 rlr 
 
 wonder 
 
 dngr 
 
 utter 
 
 krtn 
 
 serve 
 
 gdlk 
 
 exalt 
 
 dla 
 
 bent 
 
 elt 
 
 envy 
 
 mpl 
 
 energy 
 
 sstr 
 
 system 
 
 and forming easy Words. 
 
 Plate III. 
 sldm 
 sfr 
 trnt 
 
 OF THE PREPOSITIONS AND TERMINATIONS, 
 
 Or Beginnings and Endings of Polysyllables. 
 
 Although we are able to express intelligibly any word or sentence 
 by a combination of the characters, as representatives of sound, yet, 
 if all the words were to be written letter by letter, however com- 
 plete the alphabet may be, it would be too tedious, and not answer 
 the primary object proposed, which is that of keeping pace with a 
 speaker; therefore, to abridge the labour of writing, the most essen- 
 tial prepositions and terminations have been introduced, as in these 
 consists the chief power of language, and consequently the source of 
 innumerable abbreviations. || These are extremely simple and easy, 
 as the alphabetical characters are used to denote them ; and the let- 
 ter which each represents is the first consonant, or most natural ex- 
 pression for its respective prepositions and terminations. They are 
 distinguished from consonants and from one another, according to the 
 rules following. The prepositions and terminations should be com- 
 mitted to memory in the same manner as the alphabetical words. 
 
 || There are more than seven thousand words in the English language beginning 
 with one or other of these prepositions ; and above eleven thousand words in the same 
 tongue ending with one or the other of these terminations. 
 
11 
 
 PREPOSITIONS, or Begin- 
 nings of long Words 
 
 Plate IV. 
 ^ anti, ante, advan 
 
 (con, contra, contri, contro 
 ' com,compre, comp!a,compli 
 ^ dis, disin, discom, discon 
 >\ affect, effect, afflict 
 07- aggra, aggre, aggri 
 ^ misin, multi, miscon 
 ^ inter, enter, intro, intru 
 Q pre, pri, pro, per 
 
 i recom, recon, repre, repro 
 __ circum, signi, sub, sup, super 
 I tran, trans, temp, tempt 
 
 7 
 
 if exer, exter, extra, extre 
 
 TERMINATIONS, or Endings 
 
 of long Words. Plate V. 
 K. ble, able, ably, ible, ibly 
 
 dant, dent, duct 
 
 \ . 
 
 flict, full, fully, ference 
 
 ify, nify, ity, ize 
 ing ,-ly, ong, ung 
 tial, aly, ly, less 
 mand, mend, meat 
 ance, ence,-cy, ant, ent,-ly 
 r ary, iry, ory 
 
 tion, ation,ition,otion,ution 
 sive, sbip. self, selves 
 
 TO 
 
 tive, active, ective, uctive 
 ' ward, wards, warded 
 
 act, ect, ict, uct 
 T2 ate, ated, sionate, sionately 
 _j;. eous, ious, uously, eousnesa 
 
 ^ The character for thn, See. is not confined to these terminations alone, but may be 
 used for any other termination of the same sound, as st'on, tian, &c. 
 
 Rules for distinguishing the Prepositions and Terminations. 
 
 23. Place a comma under the preposition when it begins a word, without a termi- 
 nation. ET> anticipate, enterprise, 
 onlt'spt enterprs 
 
 24. Place a period under the termination when it ends a word without a preposition. 
 
 Ex . demand, merciful, 
 
 Ainand mrsful 
 
 25. Place a period over a word when it has both a preposition and termination. 
 
 Ex. translation, combustible, 
 
 translation coibsti/e 
 
 26. When a word has two terminations, the first must be spelt and the last denomi 
 nated by its usua 1 marks. 
 
 Ex. commandment, recommendation, 
 
 comoAment recomailation 
 
12 
 
 27. The termination eth, is indicated by a small scratch made through the last eon- 
 sonant. Ex< sitteth, believeth, 
 
 strM hlvrtA 
 
 Prepositions and Terminations exemplified. 
 
 PI. VI. Prepositions in Italics. 
 
 PL VII. Terminations in Italics. 
 
 entertain 
 
 V|^ eniertn 
 
 abundant "*^y 
 
 abndant 
 
 enterprise 
 
 >. enterprs 
 
 merciful x~y~\ 
 
 mrsfid 
 
 anticipate 
 
 T"f antispt 
 
 nation ^^^ 
 
 nation 
 
 transgress 
 
 |/~ transgrs 
 
 sing _^__. 
 
 sing 
 
 reconcile 
 
 ,~^ recons\ 
 
 precious q, p 
 
 prsious 
 
 comprehend 
 
 .^j comprend 
 
 demand /^ 
 
 dmand 
 
 discompose 
 
 qf> discomps 
 
 salvation -V\- 
 
 slvation 
 
 affected 
 
 ^ ajfcctd 
 
 forward \/*^ 
 
 frward 
 
 tempest 
 
 ] tempst 
 
 themselves >_/~^ 
 
 thmselves 
 
 disinter 
 
 ]}> disin'r 
 
 possible ^~Sw 
 
 psible 
 
 
 Prepositions and Terminations in Italics. 
 
 Plate VIII. 
 
 persecution 
 
 ^"~\ persffion 
 
 aggregation 3-^ 
 
 aggregation 
 
 affection 
 
 \.^ affec-tion 
 
 presumption *}_X-N_ 
 
 presmtion 
 
 combination 
 
 ^V, combination 
 
 temperance I/\_* 
 
 temprance 
 
 combustible 
 
 / ^ N ~i combstible 
 
 representative /~V-i 
 
 rcpresntive 
 
 commodiousness 
 
 ^-^"^ commAiousness 
 
 translation L? 
 
 translation 
 
 compassionate 
 
 /n compssionate 
 
 recommence .^_, 
 
 recommence 
 
 discommend 
 
 .' discom-mend 
 /-*. 
 
 circumference 
 
 eircum-ferenoa 
 
 discontentment 
 
 ( . discontntment 
 
 commission v"s_ 
 
 eommsion 
 
 entertainment 
 
 enterinment 
 
 i. 
 
 profession <\ 
 
 profssion 
 
INSTRUCTION TO PROMOTE LEGIBILITY. 
 
 The learner may sometimes find it convenient, in writing proper 
 names and words not in common use, to be more explicit in relation 
 to vowels, diphthongal sonnets, and doubtful consonants ; for which 
 
 Rurpose the following rules are given. They will, however, be found 
 ;ss necessary, as the writing and reading become more familiar, 
 and should only be used to prevent obscurity. 
 
 RULES. 
 
 28. To shew -which of the vowels is omitted in the middle of words, place a comma 
 over the word, as follows, thus: (,) for a or e; (') for o or u; for or y, se.e rule 19. 
 Ex. father, creature,* natural, 
 
 fathr kretr nturl 
 
 29. For diphthongal sonnets, place the comma under the word, as follows : ~7~ , for 
 ou ; TT-I for oy and oi ; ~~f~ for on and oe. 
 
 Ex. sound, broad, boil, 
 
 -^ V ** 
 
 30. In doubtful cases, let rf, t>, g, tkr, be made heavier than r, f, j, ts. 
 
 * When a diphthong has the sound of a vowel, let the sign of the vowel be used, as 
 in this case. 
 
 PUNCTUATION. 
 
 / 1. Placed over a word, shews it to be the name of a person or place. 
 Ex. Thomas, Johnson, Liverpool, 
 
 thins jnsn Ivrpl 
 
 / 2. Placed under a word, shows it to be a very unusual word, or very much ab- 
 breviated. r _ peculiar, misrepresent, 
 
 pq msr 
 
 3. Placed over characters, denotes them to be numeral characters. 
 Ex. 138, 1666, 
 
 4. Placed under a word or sentence, denotes its repetition. 
 Ex. holy, holy, fiom day to day, 
 
 v^x 5. Signifies a defect in writing either that something is there omitted, or doubt- 
 fully expressed. 
 s^* 6. Mark of reference for marginal notes or observation. 
 
 "^ 7. Repetition of text, &c. 
 X 8. A period or full stop. 
 
 ?! 9 A note of interrogation or admiration by its usual mark. 
 10. I, eye, 11. viz. 12. &c. 13. ditto, 
 
14 
 FIGURES. 
 
 Those who may prefer numeral characters for numbers, instead of 
 figures, may adopt the following, observing the same rules for join- 
 ing, as in writing short-hand. See Punctuation, 3d. 
 
 1 23456789 10 
 
 O ~ / \ I ~ ^ ( \ ( ~* 
 
 When any number is repeated, or expressed twice, a dot is placed over the character. 
 Ex. 133, 226, 100, 
 
 -^ >^ -6 
 
 But if a number is repeated three times, the dot is placed under the character. 
 Ex. 1333, 27779, 1000, 
 
 EXERCISE l.t Part of Psalm viii. 
 
 Plate IX. 
 
 O Lord my God, in thee do I put my trust: ave me from all them that persecute 
 o 1 m g D tdi|pm trst sv m Inn 1 thm th jjersqt 
 
 [23] me, and deliver me ; 2. Lest he tear my soul like a lion, rending (24) it in pieces, 
 m a dlvr m 1st h tr m si 1 a In rndn t n pss 
 
 (8) while there is none (2) to deliver. 3. O Lord my God, if I have done this; if 
 wl thr t nn t dlvr || olmgfihdthf 
 
 > g ^ \ /?/ ^ \ 
 
 there be iniquity in my hands(12) ; 4. If I have rewarded evil unto him that was at 
 thr b nqify n m ans f i h rwarded evl t h th ws a 
 
 - <\ ^ ^^.^- \- / /* -y | / v.,^.. 
 
 peace with me ; yea,(18) I have delivered him that without cause is mine enemy ;(19) 
 ps w m ya i h dlvrd h th wtht ks a mn nmy 
 
 5. Let the enemy persecute my soul, and take it; yea, let him tread down my life 
 1 t nmy persqt m si a tk t ya 1 h trd dn m If 
 
 *.* ' h I c. t * \f <, ~<t\ 
 
 upon the earth, and lay mine honour [18] in the dust. Selah. [12] 6. Arise, O 
 p t rth, a la mn onr n t dst. sla. ars o 
 
 Lord, in thine anger ; lift up thyself, (24) because of the rage of mine enemies; and 
 1 n thn ngr 1ft p thyself bks f t rg f mn urns a 
 
 f In this and the following exercises, the italic type indicates the prepositions and 
 terminations of words. 
 
 | See Punctuation, 10. || See Punctuation, 8. 
 
 2 
 
15 
 
 awake for me to the judgment (4) that thou hat commanded. 7. So shall the 
 
 awk f m t t ggment th th ast comndd. t sh t 
 
 .e^~\/->| I o-^ x- s_~-| /5V x - f I 
 
 congregation (25) of the people (6) oo.npass thee about; for their sakes, therefore. 
 
 cOTigrgutxm f t p ? l wmps t abt f thr sks thr 
 
 ^ " - 
 
 returntl>ouonhigh. (4). 8. The Lord shall judge the people: judge me. O 
 h gg t l m 
 
 c 
 
 r 
 
 gg t ppl gg m 
 
 a- o- ~ . 
 
 6. O let the wickedness of the wicked come to an end; but establish the 
 ' wkdns f t wkd km t n nd b stblsh t 
 
 just: for the righteous God trieth the hearts and reins. 
 just f t ritcous g treM t arts a rns. 
 
 *n \ i 'V ff- tx i -/L /^ 
 
 EXERCISE 2. Psalm Ixxxvi. See Plate x. 
 
 1. Bow down thine ear, O Lord, hear me: for I am poor and needy. 2. Preserve 
 
 bw dn thu er o 1 hr m f i m pr a ndy presrr 
 
 my soul, for I am holy. O thou, my God, save thy servant [24] that trusteth in 
 m si f i a oly o th m g sv thy snant th trstrtA n 
 
 thee. 3. Be merciful unto me, O Lord : for I cry [8] unto thee daily. 4. Rejoice 
 
 t b mrs/ui t m o 1 f i krj t t dfy rgs 
 
 the soul of thy servant : for unto thee, O Lord, do I lift up my soul. 5. For thou 
 
 t d f thy srvanf ft t o 1 d i 1ft p m si f th 
 
 Lord, art [1] good, and ready to forgive ; and plenteous in mercy unto all them that 
 
 1 r gd a rdy t frgv a plntc3iis n mrsy t 1 thm th 
 
 call upon thee. 6. Give ear, O Lord, unto my prayer ; and attend [6] to the voice of 
 
 klpt gerol tm pryr a atnd t t vs f 
 
 my supplication. [25] 7. In the day of my trouble I will call upon thee : for thou 
 m snp\kation n t da f m trite i w kl p t f th 
 
 wilt answer [7] me. 8. Among the gods there is none like unto thee, O Lord ; neither 
 
 w ansr m among t g thr s nn 1 t t o 1 nthr 
 
 are there any works like unto thy works. 9. All nations whom [12] thou hast made 
 
 r thr any wrks 1 t t wrks. 1 nations v.-m th ast md 
 
 shall come and worship before thee, O Lord ; and shall glorify thy name. 10. For 
 
 sh km a wrship bfr t o 1 a sh g!ri/</ thy nm f 
 
 thou art great, and doest wondrous things: thou art God alone. 11. Teach me thy 
 
 th r grt a dst wndrous things th r g aln tch m thy 
 
 way, O Lord : I will walk [4] in thy truth ; unite my heart to fear thy name. 13. I 
 
 wa o 1 i w wk n thy trth unit m art t fr thy nm i 
 
 will praise thee, O Lord, my God, with all my heart ; and I will glorify thy name for 
 
 w prs t o 1 m g w 1 m art a i w gln/v thy nm f 
 
 evermore. 13. For great is thy mercy toward me ; and thou hast delivered my soul 
 
 evrmr f grt s thy limy lirard m a th ast dlvrd m si 
 
 from the lowest hell. 14. O God, the proud are risen against me, and the assemMit f 
 
 t'rrn t Iwst el o g t prd r rsn agnst mat aimli 
 
16 
 
 [7] of violent men have sought [10] after my soul, and have not set thee before them. 
 f vlut mn h st aftr m si a h n st t bfr thm 
 
 15. But thou, O Lord, art a God full of compassion, and gracious [8] ; long-suffering, 
 
 bthol ragflf commission a grsious long sfring 
 
 and plenteous in mercy and truth, 16. O turn unto me, and have mercy upon me: 
 
 a plntcoiw n mrsy a trth o trn t m a h mrsy p m 
 
 give thy strength [12] unto thy servant, and save the son of thine handmaid. 17. Shew 
 
 g thy strnth t thy srvant a sv t sn f thn andincl ho 
 
 me a token for good : that they which hate me may see it, and be ashamed : because 
 m a tkn f gd th th ch at m m se t a b ashmd bki 
 thou, Lord, hast holpen me, and comforted me. 
 
 th 1 ast olpn m a comfrtd m 
 
 Eighty-sixth Psalm. 
 
 Plate X. 
 
 EXERCISE III. 
 
 Part o/ Lord JoAn Russell's speech in the House of Commons, for the 
 repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts. See plate xi. 
 
 Sir, I have shown (7) that the acts (II) to which I have called the attention of 
 the House, originated in circumstances (25) altogether different from those under which 
 their burden is complained of, and their repeal sought (10) for. I have gone through 
 the causes which occasioned [6] the enactment of the statute! ; [2] I have enumerated 
 the reasons that now exist for their abandonment; I have endeavoured to show [7] 
 that so far from not inflicting any hard.Aip [12] on the body against whom they are 
 directed, they are in fact the cause of great mischief and injustice, and produce a 
 
17 
 
 correspondent degree of irritation, on the minds of the parties aggrieved by them. I 
 have shown or attempted to show that these laws [15] are founded on principles of 
 persecution; that they inflict very serious grievances on a large proportion of our 
 population; that in their spirit and operation they are totally~a.t variance with the 
 improved state of our own legislation in relation to these matters, both in Scot- 
 land" and Ireland ; and that they arc diametrica% opposed to the legislation of all lib- 
 eral and enlightened [10] Christian [13] countries. Sir, I think an alteration in these 
 laws are most loudly called for, and most imperative^/ demanded at our hand : rather 
 ss their repeal will tend to render the dissenters more attached to the Constitution, and 
 more willing to bear with cheerfulness their jwoportion of the burdens imposed on them 
 for the maintenance of the church and state, [2] great as these burdens most undoubt- 
 edfyare. I advocate the repeal of these laws, because I am convinced that their aboZi- 
 tion will material/)/ tend to allay the bitterness of party and religious feeling, and con- 
 tribute to the promotion of harmony and good will among the different classes of hi 
 majesty's subjects !f But, sir, I urge the repeal of these enactments, because I am satis- 
 fied that it will suit the tone and spirit of the time. It will be better to consent to the 
 repeal of these enact?nents, than to permit the existence of those angry yet inefficient 
 and impracticoUe laws which are a disgrace to the statute book. 
 
 Majority for the motion, 44. 
 u See punctuation 1st. f See punctuation 9th. 
 
 LORD RUSSELL'S SPEECH 
 
 Plate XI. 
 
18 
 
 EXERCISE IV. Extract from President Washington's Speech to the 
 First American Congress, April 30, 1789. See plate xii 
 
 " With the impressions under which I hare, in obedience to the public summons, 
 repaired to the present station, it would be peculiarly improper to omit, in this first 
 official act, my lervent supplications to that Almighty Being who rules over the uni- 
 rerse, who presides in the councils of nations, and whose providential aids caii supply 
 every human defect, that his benediction may consecrate to the libtriicr, ....J happiness 
 of Ihe people of the United Slates, a government instituted by thcina'tivi s; ai^u may 
 enable every instrument employed in its administration, to execute wit!; success the 
 functions allotted to his charge. In tendering this homage to the Gnat Author of 
 every public and private good, I assure myself that it expresses your sentiments not 
 less than my own ; nor those of my fellow-citizens[9] at large less thau either. No 
 people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the invisible hand which conducts the 
 affairs of men, more than the people of the United States. Every step by which they 
 have advanced to the character[13] of an independent nation, seems to have been dis- 
 tinguished by some token of providential agency. And in the important revolution 
 just accomplished in the system of their united government, the tranquil deliberation 
 and voluntary consent of so many distinct communities, from which the event has re- 
 sulted, cannot be compared with the means by which most governments have been 
 established, without some return of pious gratitude along with an humble anticipation 
 of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. These reflections, arising out 
 of the present crisis, have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to be suppressed. 
 You will join with me, I trust, in thinking that there are none, under the influence of 
 which the proceedings of a new and free government can more auspiciously commence. 
 
 " By the article establishing the executive department, it is made the duty of the 
 President ' to recommend to your consideration such measures as he should judge 
 necessary and expedient.' The circumstances under which I now meet you will 
 acquit me from entering into that subject, further than to reier you to the great con- 
 stitutional charter under which we are assembled, and which, in defining your powers, 
 designates the objects to which your attention is to be given. It will be more consis- 
 tent with those circumstances, aud far more congenial with the feelings which actuate 
 me, to substitute, in place of a recommendation of particular measures, the tribute that 
 is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriotism, which adorn the characters 
 selected to devise and adopt them. In these honourable qualifications I behold the 
 surest pledge*, that as on one side no local prejudices or attachments, no separate 
 views nor party animosities, will misdirect the comprehensive and equal eye which 
 ought to watch over this great assemblage of communities and interests, so, on ano- 
 ther, that the foundation of our national policy will be laid in the pure and immutable 
 principles of private morality ; and the pre-eminence of a free government be exem- 
 plified by all the attributes which can win the affections of its citizens, and command 
 the respect of the world. 
 
 conoiny au 
 
 happiness between duty aud advantage between the genuiue maxims of an honest and 
 magnanimous policy, ana the solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity. Since we 
 ought to be no less persuaded, that the propitious smiles of Heaven can never be ex- 
 pected on a nation that disregards the eternal rules of order and right, which Heaven 
 itself has ordained. And since the preservation of the sacred fire of liberty, and the 
 destiny of the republican model of government is justly considered as deeply, perhaps 
 as finally staked, on the experiment entrusted to the hands of the American people. 
 
 Instead of undertaking particular recommendation, in which I could be guided by uo 
 lights derived from official opportunities, I shall again give way to my entire confidence 
 in your discernment, in pursuit of the public good ; for I assure myself that whilst you 
 car -fully avoid every alteration which might endanger the benefits of an united and 
 effective government, or which ought to await the future lessons of experience, a reve- 
 rence for the characteristic rights of freemen, and a regard for the public harmony, will 
 sufficiently influence your deliberation on the questions, how far the former can be 
 more impregnably fortified, or Ihe latter be safely and more advantageously promoted. 
 
 Having thus imparted to you my sentiments, as they have been awakened by the oc- 
 casion which brings us together, I shall take my present leave ; but not without resort- 
 ing once more to the benign Parent of the human race, in humble supplication, that 
 lince he has been pleased to favour the American people with opportunities for delibe- 
 rating in perfect tranquility,and dispositions for deciding with unparalleled unanimity, 
 on a form of government for the security of their union, and the advancement of their 
 happiness; so his divine blessing may be equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, 
 the temperate consultations, and the war measures, on which the success of this go- 
 vernment must depend." 
 
WASHINGTON S SPEECH. 
 
 Plate lit. 
 
 I T^ ( "Me- 
 
20 
 
 
 1 
 
 ^A 
 I -/ . \ 
 
21 
 
 PART II. 
 SHORT-HAND SHORTENED. 
 
 THE preceding system is complete in itself, and has no depend- 
 ence on the following rules. The learner, therefore, should have 
 nothing to do with short-hiind shortened, till he is quite familiar with 
 short-hand. He may then increase his facility of writing, by adding 
 other links to the chain of abbreviations, without weakening those 
 which precede. 
 
 Notwithstanding the instruction here given is considered sufficient, 
 stilJ the learner may, upon the same plan, go much further by the 
 use of other stenographic letters above or below the line ; and all 
 this without material encroachment upon the fundamental principles 
 of the system; but it is no more necessary to the common stenogra- 
 pher, than conic sections or fluxions to the humble arithmetician. 
 
 RULES. 
 
 1. Make a horizontal touch, above the line of writing for and the or by the; anil 
 the same touch, below the line, for in the or of the. 
 
 2. Make two dots, above the line of writing, (or for the or from the; and the 
 tame, .. below the line, for with the or was the. 
 
 3. Make a circle, above the line, for over or above; and the same, below the 
 line, for under, beneath, below. 
 
 4. Place the circle over or under words for the prepositions over or uuder. 
 
 Ex. overwhelm, moreover, undertake, 
 orerwlm mrseer vndertk 
 
 5. When two words of a contrary signification come together, with a word or two 
 between them, write first the contrary word, and afterwards express the oppotition by 
 drawing a line, thus / 
 
 Ex. good and bad, day and night, from the east to the west, 
 
 When two words come together denoting the difference of sex, write as above. Ex. 
 he and she, male and female, man and woman. Or if two corresponding terms of 
 relation fall together, they are signified in the same way. Ex. husband and wife, 
 father and mother, parents and children, son and daughter, Stc. 
 
 6. When a word is repeated, and not repeated till something else occurs, write 
 down a word or two and make the mark for Sic. 
 
 SHORTENING RULES, 
 For enabling the writer to follmc the most rapid speaker. 
 
 7. The first word or two of every sentence should be written very plain and intelli- 
 gible. This will secure a connection, and render the whole sentence easy to be read, 
 though much abbreviated in the latter part. 
 
22 
 
 8. The articles c, aw, and the, and the siVn of the genitive ease, of, mav be always 
 omitted. 
 
 9. The first consonant and termination of a word is often sufficient to express the 
 whole. 
 
 10. In many cases the terminations are such that no mark need be made for them. 
 
 10. Many words may be expressed by two or three of their leading consonants, or 
 by their initials where the sense is clear ; and in most long sentences a number of small 
 words may be dropped without impairing the perspicuity of the sentence. 
 
 11. The sign of the plural of nouns, together with s, cth, ed, and est, terminations 
 in the tenses of verbs, may be omitted. 
 
 12. Such words as are usually abbreviated in long-hand, may be abbreviated in sh.h. 
 
 13. Poetic contractions may also be made use of: as morn for morning, &c. 
 
 14. Some compound words may be written singly, thus ; with out, with draw, child 
 hood, &c. 
 
 AllBITRARIES. 
 
 The following are a few arbitrary (or contracted) characters, 
 which may be used at the option of the pupil. 
 
 Plate XIII. 
 
 15. 
 
 CD 
 
 the world 
 
 27. 
 
 = 
 
 equal 
 
 16. 
 
 h 
 
 Jesus Christ 
 
 28. 
 
 4: 
 
 United States 
 
 17. 
 
 f 
 
 Christianity 
 
 29. 
 
 ?/ 
 
 altogether 
 
 18. 
 
 x 
 
 Christian religion 
 
 30. 
 
 s 
 / 
 
 divided, broken 
 
 19. 
 
 o 
 
 before 
 
 31. 
 
 7* 
 
 undivided, unbroken 
 
 20. 
 
 o 
 
 after 
 
 32. 
 
 / 
 
 distinguish-ed-ing 
 
 21. 
 
 'j& 
 
 unnecessary superfluous 
 
 33. 
 
 T 
 
 understanding 
 
 22. 
 
 ^ 
 
 unnatural, uncommon 
 
 34. 
 
 ** 
 
 angel, archangel 
 
 23. 
 
 / 
 
 together 
 
 35. 
 
 a) 
 
 around, about 
 
 24. 
 
 
 heaven-ly 
 
 36. 
 
 9 
 
 roundabout, round 
 
 25. 
 
 o 
 
 nothing 
 
 27. 
 
 
 
 through 
 
 26. 
 
 
 
 something 
 
 38. 
 
 -6- 
 
 throughout 
 
 EXERCISE I.* 1st Chapter of Genesis. See Plate xiv. 
 
 1. In the (1] beginning God created the [8] heavens [24] andthe [1] earth. 2. And 
 the earth was without [14] form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the 
 deep: and the spirit of [8] God moved upon the face of the waters. 3. And God said, 
 let there be light : and there was light. 4. And God saw the light, that it was good : 
 and God divided [30] the light/rom the [2] darkness. 5. And God called [11] the light 
 day, and the darkness he called night : and the evening [13] and the morning [13] 
 were the first day. 6. And God said, let there be a [8] firmanent in the^midst of the 
 waters, and let it divide [30] the vratersfrom the waters. 7. And God made the firma- 
 ment, and divided the waters which were under [3] the firmament from the waters 
 which were above [3] the firmament : and it was so. 8. And God caned the firmanent 
 heaven; and the evening and the morning were the second day. 9. And God saidj 
 
 * The references in this exercise refer only to the instruction given in Part II. ; and 
 the italic type distinguishes such words and parts of words as are abbreviated accord- 
 ing to the rules therein given. 
 
 448554 
 
23 
 
 let the waters under the heaven be gathered together [23] unto one place, and l<-t the 
 dry land appear: and it was so. 10. And God called the dry land earth, and tht 
 gathering together of the waters called he seas : and God saw that it was good. 11. 
 And God said, let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and Hie fruit tree 
 yielding fruit after ['30] his kind, whose seed'is in itself, upon the earth : and it was so. 
 12. ilndthc earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and tht 
 tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind : and God saw that it was 
 good. 13. ~ind the evening and the morning were the third day. 14. And God said, 
 let there be light in the firmament of the hem-ens, to divide the day/rom the night ; and 
 let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years. 15. And lei them be 
 for lights in the firmanent of the heaven, to give light upon the earth: and it was so. 
 16. And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, end the lewer 
 light to rule the night : he made the stars also. 17. And God et them tri the firma- 
 ment of the heaven, to give light upon the earth. 18. And to rule orer the day, and 
 over the night, and to divide the \\g\\tfrom the darkness : and God saw that it was good. 
 19. And the evening and the morning were the fourth day. 20. And God said, let 
 the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and the fowl 
 that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. 21. And God created 
 great whales and every living creature that moveJA, [11] which the waters brought 
 forth abundantly after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God 
 saw that it was good. 22. And God blessed them, saying, be fruitful, and multiply, 
 and fill the waters in the seas, and let the fowl multiply in the earth. 23. ~1nd the 
 evening an d the morning were the fifth day. 24. And God said, let the earth bring 
 forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping things and beast of the 
 earth after his kind : and it was so. 25 And God made the beast of the earth after 
 his kind, and the cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeiA upon the earth 
 after his kind : and God saw that it was good. 26. And God said, let us make man in 
 our image, after our likeness ; and let them have dominion orer the fish of the sea, 
 and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and orer all the earth, and orer every 
 creeping thing that ereepetA upon the earth. 27. So God created man in his own im- 
 age, in the image of God created he him ; male and female [5] created he them. 26. 
 .And God blessed them, and God said unto them, be fruitful, and multiply, and reple- 
 nish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion orer the fish of the sea, and orer the 
 fowl of the air. and over every living thing that movetA upon the earth. 29. And God 
 *aid, behold 1 have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the 
 earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed ; to you it shall 
 be for meat. 30. And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air. and to 
 every thing that creepetA upon the earth wherein there is life, I have given every green 
 herb for meat; and it was so. 31. And God saw every thing that he had made, and 
 behold, it was very good. Jlnd the evening and the morning were the sixth day. 
 
 Chapter of Genesis. 
 
 Plate XIV 
 
24 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUCTION. 
 
 The pupil should accustom himself to write short-hand small and 
 neat, and not be too anxious to write expeditiously before the rudi- 
 ments of the art are permanently fixed in the mind. 
 
 The first great object proposed by short-hand is, to commit words 
 
 
25 
 
 to paper with the least possible time and labour ; therefore, in writ- 
 ing, the less expression there is the better for the sake of brevity, 
 which justifies the greatest omissions, provided what is left be intel- 
 ligible. Though the omission of vowels and the abbreviation of 
 words may for a while present difficulties to the learner, still he 
 should not be discouraged, nor hence infer that the s\ stem is incom- 
 plete*, or the art unattainable, even if he should not be able at first to 
 read his own writing without hesitation. For with the same propri- 
 ety might the young reader condemn and abandon the use of the 
 co'mmon alphabet, because he cannot at once read elegantly ;. the 
 young musician discard his notes, or the young mathematician his 
 elements of Euclid. Let him, therefore, persevere ; and when he 
 has become a little more accustomed to writing, abbreviating will 
 become natural, and habit will render reading perfectly easy. 
 
 Nor is it to be supposed that a person can record the language of a 
 public speaker, without the aid of previous practice. To turn this 
 necessarv practice to the best possible account, the learner who is 
 desirous to improve in useful knowledge, should procure a person to 
 read such facts and items of information as may bo considered imme- 
 diately interesting or worthy of future perusal", with much delibera- 
 tion, 'while he records them in a common-place book the reader 
 increasing in speed as he finds the writer's ability to lo!lo\v him in- 
 creased. By this method he will become familiarized with the 
 manner of following a voice, and will overcome that confusion \ 
 creates an impediment to prompt execution in a practitioner's first 
 attempts to write after a public speaker. Thus pursuing ;!iis course 
 repeatedly, he may in a short time note down with the utmost ex- 
 actness whatever is spoken in public, for his future gratification and 
 instruction. 
 
 Directions. The learner should begin with the alphabet, and 
 studv each column successively; and when the rudiments of the art 
 are well understood, go on to copy the contents of the several plates 
 in their progressive order, carefully comparing every doubtful cha- 
 racter with the rules and explanations, till the whole system is fami- 
 liar. The compiler of this chart has deemed it proper to number the 
 rules uniformly through the different classes, in order to preserve a 
 symmetry of reference. 
 
 Every obscure and ambiguous word that occurs in the exercises 
 here given, is rendered perspicuous and easy in the following man- 
 ner. (See plate is.) The figures 23. placed after the word persecute. 
 refer to rule 23, which indicates that the character for the preposition 
 is distinguished by a comma placed under it; the figure 8, placed 
 after pieces, refers to rule 8, which shews that * sometimes supplies 
 the place of c , as in this case ; 2, after none, refers to rule 2. which 
 denotes the formation of double letters; the same of the other words. 
 
 UNIVERSITY of 
 
 AT 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 LIBRARY 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 Wf 11 1951 
 
 2 
 
 Ig1960 
 'H MO3 
 
 JAN 1 2 i960 
 
 - ; . 
 
 ">*> 
 
 Forji L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444