A A 1 JCSOUT HERNR 1 9 2 o 2 8 3RARY FAC r- 1 4 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION WASHINGTON ■HRIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS ON THE ARTICLES IN PARAGRAPHS 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89. 90, and 95 OF THE TARIFF ACT OF 1913 AND RELATED ARTICLES IN OTHER PARAGRAPHS GLASS AND GLASSWARE THE GLASS INDUSTRY, GENERAL CONDITIONS MINOR GLASS MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Paragraph 83: Glass Bottles Paragraph 84: Blown Glassware Chemical Glassware. (See par. 91) Paragraph 85: Cylinder or Window Glass (Unpol- ished) Paragraph 86: Cylinder or Window Glass (Polished) Paragraph 87: Plate Glass (Rolled and Rough) Paragraph 88: Plate Glass (Cast, Polished) Paragraph 89: Silvered Glass Paragraph 90: Plate and Window Glass (Bent, Ground or Otherwise Manufac tured) Paragraph 95: Stained Glass Windows Small Mirrors Incandescent Light Bulbs and Lamps ifornia ►nal ty REVISED EDITION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES SEP 2 6 1955 LIBRARY GOVT. PUBS. ROOM B-9 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT I'lUNTING OFFICE 1021 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION WASHINGTON TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS ON THE ARTICLES IN PARAGRAPHS 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89. 90, and 95 OF THE TARIFF ACT OF 1913 AND RELATED ARTICLES IN OTHER PARAGRAPHS GLASS AND GLASSWARE THE GLASS INDUSTRY, GENERAL CONDITIONS MINOR GLASS MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Paragraph 83: Glass Bottles Paragraph 81: Blown Glassware Chemical Glassware. (See par. 91) Paragraph 85: Cylinder or Window Glass (Unpol- ished) Paragraph 86: Cylinder or Window Glass (Polished) Paragraph 87: Plate Glass (Rolled and Rough) Paragraph 88: Plate Glass (Cast, Polished) Paragraph 89: Silvered Glass Paragraph 90: Plate and Window Glass (Bent, Ground or Otherwise Manufac turod) Paragraph 95: Stained Glass Windows Small Mirrors Incandescent Light Bulbs and Lamps REVISED EDITION B-9 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFKICIC 1921 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION. Office: Eighth and E Streets NW., Washington, D. C. COMMISSIONERS. Thomas Walker Page, Chairman. Thomas O. Marvin, Vice Chairman. David J. Lewis. William S. Culbertson. Edward P. Costigan. John F. Bethl^ne, Secretary. ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 10 CENTS PER COPY V 0^ PREFACE. This is one of a series of Tariff Information Surveys prepared, by the United States Tariff Commission and transmitted to the Com- mittee on Ways and Means. The series covers all of the articles and commodities provided for in the tariff act of October 3, 1913, and others not specificalh^ provided for. It is arranged in the numerical order of paragraphs of that act. In some cases two or more paragraphs have been combined in one pamplilet. In doing this, industrial relationship of the articles has been followed Avhen possible. In those instances where a paragraph has been treated under a preceding paragraph of the tariff act, reference is made to this fact at the point where the paragraph appears in numerical order. Where one grade of an article is dutiable and another grade of the same article is on the free list, the article is discussed under the dutiable paragraph, which appears first in numerical order in the tariff' act. In certain instances articles of close industrial relationship and which occur in separate paragraphs of the tariff act have been combined under one paragraph for con- venience of discussion. Reference is made to this fact at the point where the commodities would naturally occur in numerical order. The first pamphlet in the series is an "Introduction and Index," which contains: 1. An introductory chapter discussing the scope of the series and the general method of treatment. 2. An alphabetical index of the articles provided for in the tariff act of 1913, showing the paragraph of the act in which the article is ])rovided for and, if discussed under a different paragraph, the number of such paragraph. 3. A list of the pampldets in the series, showing the paragraphs and articles included in each pamplilet. Thus by use of this "Introduction and Index" the exact location of the discussion relating to a given article or commodity can be ascertained. In the preparation of this report the Tariff Commission had the services of Sanford L. Willis of the Ceramics Division of the Com- mission's staff, and of others. CONTENTS. THE GLASS INDUSTRY, GENERAL CONDITIONS. Page. Summary table 9 Definition and description of glass 9 Raw materials 10 Effect of domestic natural resources on the industry: Raw materials ' 10 Fuel 10 Manufacturing factors: Equipment and labor 11 Transportation 11 General conclusions regarding operating conditions 12 Trade position of the domestic industry 12 Exports 13 Imports 13 War developments 14 Foreign production and competitive conditions 14 Statistics: Domestic production — Census figures 1914 15 By States 15 By products 15 Imports by coimtries and products 16 Imports for consufnption 18 Domestic exports by countries and products 21 MINOR GLASS MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS. Tari ff classification 24 Enumeration of processes: Silvering 24 Bending 25 Obscuring 25 Grinding 25 Sand blasting 25 Etching 25 Frosting 25 Enameling 25 Beveling 26 Embossing 26 Cutting and engraving 26 Flashing 26 Coloring and staining 26 Painting and gilding 26 Printing and liquid gold work 27 Domestic production 27 Classification of decorative processes 27 Imports 27 Tariff history: Ornamented and decorated ware 28 Ornamented plate and other window glass 28 Silvered glass and stainGd glass windows 29 Tariff considerations 29 Production of decorated glassware in the United States 30 Imports of stained windows and small mirrors 30 Rates of duty 31 Court and Treasury decisions 33 6 6 CONTENTS. BOTTLES, VIALS, JARS, CARBOYS, AND DEMIJOHNS. Summary: Page. Description 34 Domestic productiou 34 Tariff considerations 34 Summary table 35 General information: Tariff classification 35 Description 36 Domestic production — Materials 36 Methods of production 36 Organization 36 Domestic production and consumption 37 Domestic exports 37 Foreign production 38 Imports 38 Statistical tables: Production in United States by States 39 Production in United States by varieties 39 Imports by countries, 1910 to 1918 39 Imports for consumption — revenue 40 Domestic exports, 1913-1918 51 Wholesale prices, 1913-1917 52 Rates of duty, 1883-1913, inclusive 53 Court and Treasury decisions 54 BLOWN AND PRESSED WARE. Summary: Description 55 Domestic production • 55 Rates of duty 55 Tariff considerations 55 Summary table 56 General information: Tariff classification 57 Description 57 Domestic production 57 Materials 58 Methods of production 58 Lighting ware 58 Lamp chimneys 58 Cut glass 58 Organization 58 Domestic production and consumption 59 Domestic exports 59 Foreign production 59 Imports 60 Prices 60 Tariff history. 60 Tariff considerations 60 Statistical tables: Production in United States 61 Imports by countries 61 Imports for consumption — revenue 62 Domestic exports 67 WTholesale prices 68 Rates of duty 69 Court and Treasury decisions 70 List of American pressed and blown ware articles, 1917 72 COMMON WINDOW GLASS, CYLINDER. Cylinder and common window glass, unpolished: Summary: Description 74 Domestic production 74 Comparative costs of production 74 CONTEXTS. 7 Summary — Continued. I'ag^- Marhine-made glass 75 Tariff considerations 75 Summary table 76 General information: Tariff classification 76 Domestic production — Materials 77 Equipment 77 Methods of production 77 Organization 77 History of the industry 78 Domestic production and consumption 79 Domestic exports 79 Foreign production — Window-glass industry (present-day conditions in Belgium) 79 Increased prices of glass — French demand 79 Imports 80 Prices 80 Views and opinions of manufacturers 81 Cylinder and common window glass, polished: Tariff classification 81 Description and uses 81 Imports 82 Prices 82 Tariff history 82 Competitive conditions 83 Tables ■ Production in United States, 1899-1914 83 Imports by countries, 1910-1919 83 Imports for consumption — revenue 84 Domestic exports, 1910-1919 100 Wholesale prices, 1890-1920 101 Rates of duty: From 1883 to 1913, inclusive 102 Court and Treasury decisions 103 PLATE GLASS. Cast polished glass: Summary 104 Summary table 105 General information: Description 105 Uses 105 Domestic production 105 Materials 106 Equipment 106 Methods of production 106 Organization 106 Domestic exports 107 Foreign production 107 Imports 107 Prices 108 Tariff history 108 Competitive conditions and tariff considerations 109 Rolled and rough plate glass: Tariff classification 110 Description and uses 110 Production Ill Imports Ill Tariff history lU Competitive conditions 112 Plate glass, ground or obscured: Description and uses 112 Production 112 Exports 112 Imports 112 8 CONTENTS. Plate glass, ground or obscuied — Continued. Page. Imports for consumption, by size 113 Tariff history 113 Competitive conditions 113 Statistical tables: Production in United States 114 Imports by countries 114 Imports for consumption — revenue 115 Domestic exports 124 Wholesale prices, 1905-1920 125 Rates of dutv 126 GENERAL CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE DOMESTIC GLASS INDUSTRY. Glass and glassware — Summary table. Fiscal year. Domestic production. Imports for consumption. Domestic exports. Ratio to production. Imports. Exports. 1910 $6,592,828.94 6,900,852.66 6,175,704.61 6,408,809.97 8, 187, 799. 59 4,637,814.00 2,303,308.00 2,277,058.00 1,678 985.00 $2,805,401.00 3,246,391.00 3, 494, 153. 00 4, 193, 642. 00 3,729,623.00 5, 558, 717. 00 12,321,338.00 13,554,530.00 14 ni9 T.'ifi nn Per cent. Per cent. 1911 1912 ■ 1913 ' 1914 '$123,085,019.00 1915 ' 6.65 3.03 1916 1917 f 1918 1918 1 1 1,414,008.00 15^469,' 882. 00 2,061,748.00 24. 796. 661.00 19191 , ., Year. Value (imports for consump- tion. Amount of duty. Equiva- lent ad valorem rate. 1910 $6,592,828.94 6,900,852.66 6,175,704.61 6,408,809.97 8, 187, 799. 59 4,637,814.00 2,303,308.00 2,277,058.00 1,678,985.00 1,414,008.00 2,061,748.00 $3,338,823.84 3,655,337.31 3,027,172.59 3,048,764.76 2,772,849.61 1,358,857.62 630,579.42 585,433.50 479,396.33 367,433.39 581,638.14 Per cent. 50.64 1911 52.97 1912 49.02 1913 47.60 1914 33.90 1915 29.25 1916 27. 40 1917 25.70 1918 28.57 19181 25 98 19191 ... 28 20 1 Calendar year. DEFINITION. Glass is an artificial silicate composed of sand (silica) and various alkali, alkali-earth, and metal oxides and salts. Tlie general name is usuall}^ modified by use of a descriptive adjective to denote the com- position or method of manufacture, such as (1) lime flint; (2) lead flint; (3) plate glass; (4) window glass; (5) optical or special glass. (1) Lime flint is the glass commonly used in manufacturing table- ware, novelties, bottles, lamp chimneys, and electric-light globes. In this glass limestone furnishes a large part of the basic constituent. (2) Lead flint glass is used for making cut glass and the better grades of tableware and novelty articles. Lead replaces the lime- stone, and adds weight and luster to the finished product. (3) Plate glasfi is usually a lime-flint mixture wliicli is melted in pots and cast by pouring on flat tables. The plastic mass is rolled to thickness and finished by further rolling or polishing. 10 TAEIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. (4) Windoiv glass is generally made from a lime-flint mixture, melted in a tank furnace. The glass is sold as crown or cylinder glass depending on the process used for its manufacture. (5) Optical and sjiecial glasses include a large number of special mix formulas. The number of constituents is often very large and often small amounts of these minor reagents cause pronounced changes in the physical properties of the product. RAW MATERIALS. Silica in the form of sand is usually 50 to 75 per cent of the total mix. The alkaline bases employed are soda ash (sodium carbonate) , salt cake (sodium sulfate), and various potassium salts; the alkaline earths are lime and (occasionally) barium carbonate; the metal bases are lead and (occasionally) aluminum, arsenic, and zinc. Manganese and to some extent selenium, cobalt, and nickel are used to neutralize the colors imparted by other elements or to color it.^ Of the aforementioned substances the following are obtained in the United States: Salt cake, lime, lead compounds, soda ash, arsenic, and manganese. The following are imported: Nitrate of soda from South America, arsenic from England and British Columbia, man- ganese from Saxony and Russia, potash from Germany, and nickel and cobalt from Canada. EFFECT OF DOMESTIC NATURAL RESOURCES UPON THE GLASS INDUSTRY. Eaw materials. — The domestic glass industry is well supplied with sand from domestic sources. The domestic product is high grade and compares favorably with any occurring abroad. The same situation exists as regards sodium and barium and aluminum com- pounds, but the Central Empires and France possess an important aclvantage because large deposits of liigh-grade manganese and potash minerals are mined within their borders. Fuel. — Next to labor, fuel is the chief item of manufacturing expense. Cheap fuel, especially the large supplies of high-grade natural gas available in tlie United States, gave the domestic glass industry a temporary advantage over foreign competitors, but retarded research work relating to heat efficiency, and created shifting centers of production often far removed from sources of raw material and consuming centers. The lack of fuel efficiency and properly situated manufacturing centers is now being keenly felt by many manufacturers, because the amount of natural gas available for commercial purposes is decreasing steadily, and the continued operation of many natural gas plants will be impracticable if other fuel must be employed. The present tendency in the glass industry, is to expand in localities closer to the sources of raw materials and to the consuming centers, provided that a permanent source of fuel is available. The furnaces are made more completely regenerative and more attention is paid to avoidable heat losses, so as to counteract as far as possible the increased cost of fuel. This is a healthy development, because the installation costs are large and there is little incentive to move and ' All of the raw materials commonly used in the manufacture of glass are enumerated in the Report on Cost of Production in the Glass Industry. Dept. of Commerce, Misc. Series No. 80, 1917. TAKIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 11 every incentive for research work tending toward greater fuel and manufacturing efficiency. MANUFACTURING FACTORS. Equipmrnt and labor. — -Originally all glass was molted in small crucibles, but as this system was wasteful of labor, fuel, and replace- ment supplies, reverberatory tank furnaces were designed and put in operation, first in Europe and later in the Ignited States. At the present time only a part of the plate and special glasses are melted in pots. The tanks have the advantages of increased production, continuous operation, regularity of operation, more efficient utiliza- tion of heat, and more uniform glass production. The original cost is greater than when pot furnaces are nistalled, but this is more than counterbalanced by the advantages enumerated above. Domestic glassworkers have always received higher wages than have those engaged in the industry in Europe and Japan. The workers are highly organized and were able to enforce their demands practi- cally at will. It was natural, therefore, that domestic manufac- turers should endeavor to eliminate all hand processes which could be operated by machine. The development of glass manufacturing equipment has been very marked during the last 20 years. Auto- matic machines are now used in all the bulk lines, where quantity production methods can be installed to advantage, namely, in the manufacture of plate and window glass, bottles, lamp chimneys, and standard tableware, and electrical goods. Many of these machines are entirely automatic. They draw a measured amount of glass- from the furnace, shape the article, and place the finished product in the lehr or annealing furnace. The bottle-making machine alone eliminated over 40 skilled opera- tives for every installation, and as a result large numbers of glass- workers were forced into other lines of cmploA'ment. A plant is now in operation which draws window glass in a flat sheet instead of in a cylinder, as is now the general practice. This process entirely elimi- nates the use of skilled labor. Specialties, novelty articles, and a large part of the chemical and scientific goods are still made by hand, but the capital employed in this branch of the industry is only a small part of the total. The demand for skilled workers increased sharply during the war when several manufacturers commenced to produce chemical and novelty glassware formerly supplied by European plants. This branch of the industry has produced ware which is superior in every way to the imported product, save price, and it is to be hoped that the domestic industry will be able to hold this business even after normal trade relations are established with Continental European producers. Transportation. — The cost of packing and the freight classification of the product are important factors in the economic position of the domestic industry as regards competition from abroad. Packing is expensive and increases with the size of tli(> article. Freight rates are high because of the fragile nature of the shipment, and the breakage loss increases sharply with tlie number of times the packages are handled in transit. This is particularly true of Hat ware such as plate and window glass, antl the fragile novelty and chemical ware. 12 TAKIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. OEXEHAL COXCLUSION'S RECrARDING OPERATING CONDITIOXS. At the present time it may be said that the domestic industry occupies a very favorable position as regards fuel supply, in grade, tonnage available, price per ton, and net cost per unit of production, although the average domestic fuel efficiency is probably lower than that attained at European plants. Manufacturers of bulk standard lines suffer very little from the higher wage scale paid in the United States, but the producers of novelty and chemical ware requiring a large amount of hand-blown work are at a considerable disadvan- tage for this reason. TRADE POSITION OF THE DOMESTIC GLASS INDUSTRY. The glass industry is located mainly west of the Alleghanies and in districts where natural gas is available and cheap. The glass factories in the East use producer gas or oil for fuel, and the high cost of fuel is offset by the market advantage. The industry is expand- ing rapidly in almost every branch and especially in the machine- made lines. This movement has been accelerated by the growing sale of food products in bottles and jars instead of in bulk, as for- merly, and the large sale of glass electric light bulbs. Recent history in the industry has been a continual struggle be- tween machine-made products and hand labor. The use of machines as substitutes for skilled labor is increasing rapidly and would be universal were it not for patent rights which limit the use of many machines to a few operators. Window glass is a ^ood example of the trend of production; the output doubled in value during the period 1899 to 1914, while the amount produced by hand decreased from 100 to less than 40 per cent. Nearly all the plants which succeed by the older hand method are favorably located with reference to cheap fuel or markets. The total production of glass and glassware in the United States during 1914 was valued at $123,085,019. The manufacture of bot- tles and jars was the most important branch of the industry, fol- lowed in turn by building glass (plate and window), pressed and blown ware, and all other, including novelties and chemical, scien- tific, and optical ware. Composite statistics of the glass industry, 1914- IMPORTS (FISCAL, YEARS). Produc- tion. Per cent of total. 1913 1914 Product. Imports. Per cent of total. Imports. Per cent of total. Per cent of pro- duction. Building gliiss $36,821,069 30, 279, 290 51,9.J8,728 4,022,932 29.9 21. 6\ 42.2/ 3.3 $1,298,816 1,876,345 3,377,987 19.8 28.6 51.6 $2,084,107 2,300,335 3,820,361 25.4 28.0 46.6 5 67 Blown and pressed glass. . Bottles, etc 7.60 All other 95 10 Total 123,085,019 100.0 6, .553, 148 100.0 8,204,803 100.0 6 67 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Composite statistics of the glass industry, 1914 — Continued. EXPORTS (FISCAL YEARS). 13 1913 1914 Product. Exports. Per cent oftotnl. Exports. Per cent of total. Per cent Ratio of of pro- lexports to duction. 1 imports. i S493, 191 808,327 2,892,124 11.8 19.3 68.9 S347, 106 711,353 2,671,164 9.3 19.1 71.6 0.94 1.37 7.78 Per cent. 16.65 Bottles, etc 30.92 All other ' m Q9 Total 4,193,642 100.0 3,729,623 100.0 3.03 1 4.5.46 1 Includes pressed and blown ware other than bottles. Note. — Imports distribution is rather vague. Large amounts of blown-glass tableware and novelties are undoubtedly included in "all other." The industry has suffered severely in the past because of excessive price cutting. Cost accounting was neglected by the producers for many \ ears and for this reason prices often fell below the actual cost of manufacture. Artificial combinations in the form of marketing agencies were several times resorted to in an effort to raise the price level and these were successful over considerable periods. Competi- tion is open and keen at present, but the higher costs of labor and fuel have caused pronounced price increases from the 1914 level. EXPORTS. Domestic glassware is exported in comparatively large quantities. Canada is the principal consumer of domestic building glass, but domestic ornamental ware, especially heavy cut glass, is sold in all the world's markets. Bottles and similar ware are exported to Canada, Cuba, and Mexico in large amounts, but little of this mate- rial reaches European markets. Exports amounted to a little less than half of 1 per cent of the domestic production in 1914, the value being $3,729,623, as compared with exports of $4,193,642 in 1913. There was a rapid increase in the export movement during the war years, the total in 1918 being $14,012,756. This was composed of bottles, $2,671,892; chemical ware, $152,937; window ^lass, $3,401,120; plate glass, $2,451,918; cut glass, $157,569; and all other glassware, $5,177,320. IMPORTS. Prior to the war imports of glassware amounted to a considerable percentage of the domestic production. In 1914 (fiscal year) the value of imports ($8,204,203) was 6.67 per cent of the domestic pro- duction; this was an increase of almost $2,000,000 above tlie amount entered during 1913. Under normal conditions building glass and bottle imports together account for half of the total, the l:)alance being uncnumeratod ware consisting of novelty, chemical, and opti- cal glass and smaller amounts of fancy tableware. A large part of the prewar bottle imports consisted of containers for foreign beverages and other liquid products. The plate glass imported consisted for the most part of highly polished material for use as mirrors. Imports decreased rapidly after 1914, and during 1918 amounted to only 21 per cent of the 1914 total. Imports of glassware during 1918 were valued at $1,723,014. The total included Imttles. $326,711: 14 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. cut and ornamented glass, $261,991; window glass, $101,842; optical glass and instruments, $391,944; plate glass, $8, and miscellaneous manufactures $640,518. During 1919 imports of novelties and scientific and optical glass ware increased sharply when trade relations were resumed with Ger- many. Imports of building glass remained at a low level. The 1919 import totals were bottles, $115,928; ornamented ware, $441,233; optical glass and glassware, $750,800; window glass, $137,901; plate glass, $3,055, and miscellaneous manufactures $612,663, a total of $2,061,580. Japan is becoming a factor of great importance in the domestic market. Novelty articles and chemical ware are now imported from the Orient at prices considerably lower than those prevailing in the United States. The imported ware is of inferior quality. Importations of building glass from Belgium were resumed during 1920, and the volume has already assumed considerable proportions. WAR DEVELOPMENTS. The European glass industry has suffered considerably as a result of the war. The French and Belgian window and plate-glass industr \' was located along the border between the two countries and suffered greatly during the German occupation. One plant is now operating in France, and the Belgian producers are bendmg every effort toward a resumption of productive activity. It will be sometime before either nation will be in a position to supply its prewar surplus for export, because, aside from the decreased production capacity, the home market is stripped of the finished product, and the demand is increased by the large quantities necessary for reconstruction purposes. The German novelty and scientific glassware industry suffered little material damage to plants during the war, except where the Russian advances brought them within the zone of military opera- tions. The war had a disastrous effect, however, on the trade posi- tion of the industry, because foreign markets were eliminated and must be regained in the face of national prejudice. Much of the prewar market for novelty articles may be recovered, since in this line the price factor is a vital consideration, but the war proved that United States manufacturers were able to produce chemical and scientific ware superior to that produced abroad. The market for any particular brand of chemical glassware depends on its durability and resistance to solvents quite as much as on the price charged. Domestic goods have proved themselves to be as chemically resistant and far more durable than any formerly produced in the Central Empires, and for this reason are preferred by the chemical profession throughout the United States. FOREIGN PRODUCTION AND COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS. France and Belgium excelled in the manufacture of fine plate glass and window glass of such high quality that it commanded a ready sale in all the world's markets. The demand was based on the quality rather than on i)rice. The mirror-manufacturing industry in the United States suffered very little from European competition prior to 1914. Large quantities of high-grade plate and other glass was imported, however, and silvered in domestic plants. Beveling, cutting, grinding, frosting, and other operations of a mechanical nature were highly developed in the European glass TARIFF INFORMATIOlSr SURVEYS. 15 centers, and the lower priced labor available there gave the foreign product considerable advantage. Domestic manufactures have been able to counteract this in part by extensive use of machinery. Successful manufacture of colored and stained glass is largely a matter of experience and technical knowledge of the chemistry of glass mixtures. Foreign manufactures, notably German and Aus- trian, dominated this field prior to the war, but several domestic manufacturers are now producing ware which compares favorably with that formerly imported. Impurities often color glass, but unless the coloring agent is desired the presence of the color cheapens the product. A good example of this state of affairs is the slight green or brown coloration often seen in bottles and building glass. Glass and glassware totals — Domestic production. [From the Federal Census, 1914.] Number of establishments... Persons engaged Proprietors Salaried employees Wage earners Primarj' liorsepovver Capital Salaries and wages Salaries i Wages ' Paid for contract work j Rent and taxes Cost of materials Value of products Value added by manufacture 1914 348 4, 74, 1&3, §153,925, S55,204, S6, 548, $48,655, $150, $882, $46,016, $123, 085, $77,068, 1909 363 72,573 87 3,575 68,911 123, 132 $129,288,384 $44,293,215 $4,993,591 $39, 299, 624 $85,864' $506, 5;«; 504! $32,119,499] 019! $92,095,203 515 $59,975,704; 1904 399 67, 105 96 3,040 63,969 91,476 $89,389,151 $41,228,441 $3,940,293 $37, 288, 148 $56,848 $357, 121 $26,145,522 $79, 607, 998 $53,462,476 1899 355 55, 256 170 2,268 52,818 52,943 $61,423,903 $29,877,086 $2, 792, 376 $27,084,710 $58, 959 $265, 583 $16,731,009 $56, 539, 712 $39, 808, 703 1889 294 0) 0) 0) 44,392 28,241 $40, 966, 850 $22,118,522 (') (') (') (') $12,140,985 $41,051,004 $28,910,019 1879 169 (') (') (') 24,177 5,672 $18,804,599 $9, 144, 100 (') (') ^'} (1) $8,028,621 $21,154,571 $13,125,950 1 Figures not available. Glassware totals — Production in United States, by States. [From Federal Census, 1914.1 State. Nimiber of plants. Value of products. Per cent of total. State. Number of plants. Value of products. Per cent of total. Permsylvania Ohio 103 39 41 63 10 19 22 7 539,797,822 19,191,342 14,881,372 14,631,171 7,680,343 7,597,754 5,1.56,714 3,882,420 32.3 15.6 12.1 11.9 6.2 6.2 4.2 3.2 Oklahoma Maryland 12 6 6 4 16 $2,005,736 1,500,982 728, 681 690, 420 5,340,262 1.6 1.2 Indiana ... . .6 West Virginia .6 All other 4.3 New Jersey New York Missouri Total 348 123,08,5,019 100.0 Glassware totals — Production in United States, by products. [From Federal Census, 1914.] Varieties. 1904 1909 1914 Window glass $11,610,8,51 972,014 7,978,2,53 3, 529 $11,742,959 1,358,574 12,204,875 37,431 $17,495,9.56 Obscured glass 2,417,253 Plato glass: 14,773,7,87 Hough 25,859 Wired glass: 534,322 1,0.56,612 other building glass 1,1.33,214 21,9.-)6, 1,58 33,631,063 2, 322, 91fi 964,. 599 27, 39S, 445 36,018,333 2, 369, 9S7 ,520, 280 30,279,290 Bottles and jars ,51,9,58,728 4,022,932 Total 79,607,998 92,095,203 123,085,019 16 TAKIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Glassware, totals — Imports by countries. FISCAL YEAR 1910. Variety. Austria and Germany. France. Belgium. United Eongdom. All other. Total. Bottles, pressed $280,374 $285,913 $901 $112,119 $140,611 $819,918 Window L'lass 71,989 11,495 633,557 93,339 535 810,915 57,901 205,279 2,177,294 17,342 53,205 792, 435 563,057 85 206,377 14,0.38 146,958 254,043 40, 924 2,449 111,940 693 262 407, 976 All other . . 3,542 089 Total 2, 792, 837 1,160,390 1,403,977 620,497 296,459 6,274,160 FISCAL YEAR 1911. Bottles Ornamental Window Optical instruments.. Plate glass Optical glass (rough). All other Total . $372,373 804, 290 95, 704 106,114 172,942 1,576,429 3, 127, 8,52 $272,205 190,027 1,943 37, 256 62,154 517,401 1,080,986 $10,877 136,468 688, 849 $108,371 84, 602 162,011 730, 568 762 150, 733 5,720 41,535 207, 453 $147,680 98,070 452 61,266 37,' 636' 1,718,257 609, 692 345, 104 FISCAL YEAR 1912. Bottles, etc Ornamental Window glass Optical instruments. Plate glass Optical glass (rough) All other Total $371, 551, 103, 189, 244, 1,556, .3,064,067 $293,333 143,287 3, 731 318,491 13,544 68,815 247, 670 1, 8,871 $371 172,356 686, 455 4,894 274,831 10,812 35, 150 1,184,869 $97,319 SO, 701 156, 772 63,347 6,689 58, 005 151,940 614,773 $151,008 54,046 52 3,206 2,62;? 899 46,211 258,045 FISCAL YEAR 1913. Bottles, etc Ornamental Window glass Optical instruments. Plate glass Optical glass (rough) All other Total 3, 203, $277, 439 115,232 5, 391 392, 513 32, 964 92, 977 204, 101 1,120,617 $439 141,436 742, 162 4,161 262,341 18,894 31,661 1,201,094 75,894 $77,485 $140,065 107,416 36,077 110,342 651 103, 992 4,064 1,581 456 141,898 1,227 233,180 53,460 236,000 FISCAL YEAR 1914. Bottles, etc Ornamental Window Optical instruments. Plate gla.ss Optical glass (rough) All other Total 718 111 258 23 290 1, 789 382 388 111 390 016 352 245 3,572,884 $326, 598 118,848 3,979 403, 801 16,401 98, &32 249,510 1,217,! $3,389 1.59,641 1,050,432 14,807 664, 489 68,354 130,241 2,091,353 $236,116 111,168 186, 789 40,126 12,344 159,851 226,296 972,690 $199,975 43, &30 3,907 4,436 11,639 314 72,836 336, 937 FISCAL YEAR 1915. Bot( les, etc $166, 923 Ornamental i .309, 467 Window glass I 54, 503 Optical Instruments | 111, 371 Plate glass 8, 328 Optical glass (rough) I 244,632 Another | 1,184,738 Total 1 2, 079, 962 $226,887 84,. 597 2, 153 165,948 2,187 52, 028 130,642 664, 442 $1,178 30, 886 346, 535 4,099 71,443 12, 164 11,057 477,362 $246,358 86, .364 311,360 15,414 7,359 184,031 195,331 1,046,217 $175, 147 33, i)08 7,932 6,139 8,854 2,324 90,072 324,376 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 17 Glassware, totals — Imports by countries — Continued. FISCAL YEAR 1916. Variety. Bottles, etc Oraamental Window glass Optical iastruments. Plate !jlass Optical glass (rough) All other Total France. Belgium. United Kingdom. Japan. All other. Total. $268, 475 70,350 5,681 128,895 89 60,934 96, 188 $101 2, 498 26,987 S294. 114 103,208 134,348 7,861 $4,995 12,229 1,715 1,331 $198,907 94,408 28, 818 28,679 3,091 29,529 300, 744 $766, 592 282, 783 197, 549 166, 766 3,553 265 389 373 174,926 146,360 1,058 22,019 566,369 630,012 31,017 860,907 42,289 684, 176 2,249,001 FISCAL YEAR 1917. Bottles, etc Ornamental Window glass Optical instruments. Plate glass Optical glass (rough) Another Total 5314,864 105, 877 2,475 121,068 104 39, 762 109, 586 693, 736 8162, 748 34 $307, 492 111,744 140,407 8, 366 12, 592 190,096 191,070 961, 767 $11,780 11,808 6,808 8,302 59, 384 98,082 $115,705 78,390 15,662 8,525 766 8,400 81,364 308, 812 $749, 841 307, 819 328, 100 146,261 13, 496 238, 258 441,404 2,225,179 FISCAL YEAR 1918. Bottles, etc Ornamental Window glass Optical instruments.. Plate gla<;s Optical glass (rough). All other Total. $162,960 101,860 1,0,57 69,177 71,235 85,398 $5, 675 29,219 150 491,677 35,044 $98, .376 65, 688 63, 858 18,483 200,066 207,711 $7,679 41,367 4,031 24,871 273, 765 351,713 $57, 706 47,401 3,677 4,118 8 3,994 73, 494 190,398 $.326,711 261,991 101,842 116,649 8 275,295 640,518 1,723,014 CALENDAR YEAR 1918. Bottles, etc Ornamental Window glass Optical instruments.. Plate glass Optical glass (rough). All other Total. $90, 152 101,053 73,4.30 138 86, 138 43, 585 394,496 $1,032 1,032 $5, 361 68, 596 19,947 4.5,442 244,513 172,313 $2,664 32, 421 51,337 3,724 219,983 556, 172 310, 129 816,261 21,297 5,732 3,736 11,073 31,384 89,483 $114,438 223, 367 150,446 54,072 341,724 467, 265 1,351,312 CALENDAR YEAR 1919. Variety. Bottles, etc Ornamental Wind'>w glass Optical instruments.. Plate glass Optical glass (rough). Another Total. .Vnstria and (iermanv. 836, 257 77,050 8,676 17, 778 14,491 144,981 Franco. $39, 099 200, 424 239, 107 2,014 146,916 55, 169 299, 233 682, 729 United Kingdom. 813,849 63,900 57, 205 62,824 227, 164 170,473 Japan. 87, 987 30,447 1.5,220 13,674 169,425 595,415 236,753 All otlior. $18, 736 69,412 19,817 41,611 22,204 72,615 244, 395 Total. $115,928 441,233 340,025 137,901 410,775 612.663 2,058,525 47578— 21— B-9- 18 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Glassware totals — Imports for consumption — Revenue. FISCAL YEARS. Kind. Cnide optical glass , Bottles, etc.. pressed Ornamented glass Blown glass, n. s. p. f , Stained glass and small mirrors , Lens, optical and photographic ware. Cylinder and crovrn glass: Plain Obscured, etc Polished Polished and obscured, etc. Silvered Total. Plate gla.ss: Rough or ribbed Rough or ribbed, smoothed. Polished Polished, obscured, etc Polished, silvered Value. $400,393.00 8.59, 5.50. 58 1,086,324.01 613,957.36 193, 360. 96 667,851.90 711,741.00 102,778.25 156, 508. 00 98,720.00 375.11 1,070,122.36 16,366.00 81,884.00 702,039.00 24,185.00 2,724.84 Total. 827, 198. 84 All other manufactures of. 874, 069. 93 Total imports 6,592,828.94 Duty. J504, 690. 90 6.51,725.41 368,374.42 87,012.43 307,517.54 425,300.43 35,099.38 43,271.94 27,659.69 159. 78 531,491.22 4,813.81 46,742.50 43,3,971.41 7, 804. 86 1,348.57 494,681.15 393,330.57 3,338,823.84 1911 1912 Kind. Value. Duty. Actual or com- puted ad valorem rate. Value. Duty. Actual or com- puted ad valorem rate. Crude optical glass Bottles, etc., pressed $277,222.00 961,583.30 1,341,996.27 684, 177. 87 359,-501.55 717,088.10 Per cent. Free. 56.65 60.00 60.00 45.00 45.80 $383,557.00 937,898.87 1,063,408.84 1,015,442.25 272,259.00 651,700.95 Per cent. Free- $544,695.68 805, 195. 36 410,506.72 161,775.70 328,460.19 $508, 847. 00 638,016.27 609,265.35 119,883.60 298, 120. 97 54.25 60.00 Blown glass 60.00 Stained glass and small mirrors ... 45.00 Optical goods 45.75 Crown and cylinder glass: Unpolished 825,381.48 114,171.26 140,. 301. 00 87,813.00 1,425.00 515, 180. 46 36,441.97 37,7,57.01 23,560.08 516.03 62.42 31.92 26.91 28.83 36.20 827,868.19 103,985.28 123,356.00 43,709.00 536.00 383,946.73 32,406.94 33,866.46 12,239.81 236.58 46.38 Unpolished, bent, etc. Polished 31.16 27 45 Polished and bent, etc. 28.00 44.14 Total 1,169,091.74 613,455.55 52.50 1,099,454.47 462,696.52 42.00 Plate glass: Rough or ribbed Rough, obscured Polished 13,170.00 105,222.00 853,906.62 39, .530. 00 5,351.00 4,361.71 60,7.52.76 542,821.47 12,113.26 3,289.80 33.12 57.74 63.57 14,514.00 39,904.00 97fi 4.M .5.S 4,509.51 23,670.23 176,778.39 8,196.90 1,351.38 31.07 59.32 63 95 Polished and bent, etc. Silvered 30. 64 28, 262. 00 61.50 2,099.00 29.00 64.38 Total 1,017,179.62 623,339.00 61.3 3fil 230..5S 214,506.41 59.40 ' All other manufactures — 373,012.21 167,909.11 45.00 390.752.65 175,836.47 45.00 Total imports 6,900,852.66 3,655,337.31 53.00 6,175,704.61 3,027,172.59 49.00 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 19 Glassware, totals — Imports for consumption — Revenue — Continued. FISCAL YEARS— Continued. 1913 Actual or com- puted ad valorem rate. 1 1914 Actual or com- Kind. Value. Duty. Value. Duty. puted ad valorem rate. Crude optical glass Bottles, etc., pressed $4 99, .364. 00 853,929.32 1,0:56,717.21 1,072,993.52 389,031.61 689,033.84 Per cent. Free. 59.08 60.00 60.00 4.5.00 45.90 $612,830.00 1,185,01.5.67 1,218, .523. 42 1,004,866.21 427,636.36 8S6, 656. 39 Per cent. Free $.504,474.44 617,8;?8. 16 643,353.91 17,5,064.23 316,278.98 $357, 186. 51 591,001.08 483,428.45 144,777.92 293,689.80 30.15 48. .50 48.11 Stained glass and small 33.86 33.12 Crown and cylinder glass: 804,731.50 153,722.76 119, .395. 00 60, 269. 00 23.00 330,767.82 43,051.64 34,946.70 16,782.83 2.63 41.10 28.01 29.27 27. 85 11.43 1,212,536.00 149,203.00 121,814.00 36, 116. 00 57,432.00 338,541.34 27,463.60 27,887.27 7,821.86 13, 549. 37 27.92 Unnolished and bent, 18.41 Polished 22.89 Polished and bent, etc 21.66 23.59 Total 1,138,141.26 425,5.51.62 37.40 1,577,101.00 415,263.44 26.40 Plate glass: Rough or I ib bed Rough and obscured. . Polished 14,812.00 2,247.00 247,01.5.00 47,449.00 1,. 531. 00 5,344.75 1,543.64 156,017.34 16,087.54 562. 27 36.08 68.69 61.14 33.90 36.73 15,207.00 126,917.00 631,618.00 62,228.00 10, 715. 00 4,170.01 .57,4.51.95 265,909.10 16,-538.77 4.133.90 27.42 4.5. 27 42,10 Polished and bent, etc. 26. 85 38. .59 Total 313,054.00 179, 555. .54 57.30 846,685.00 | 348,20.3.73 42.10 All other manufactures — 416,-545.21 186,647.88 44.80 428,485.54 139,298.68 32.50 Total imports 6,408,809.97 3,048,764.76 47.60 8,187,799.59 2,772,849.61 33. 90 1915 Actual or com- puted ad valorem rate. 1916 Actual or com- Kind. Value. Duty. Value. Duty. puted ad valorem rate. Crude optical glass iiotiles, etc., pressed $494,873.00 822, 760. 00 591,0.58.00 740,039.00 306,334.00 453,583.00 Per cent. Free. 24.97 44. 48 44.92 29.28 $266,245.00 7-58,877.00 310,4.58.00 304,468.00 89. 787. 00 Per cent. $20.5,412.76 262,875.60 332, 708. 85 89, 690. 10 133,751.50 $193,972.44 l:W, 704. 93 137,010.60 26,936.10 71,804.10 25.56 45. TO 45.00 Stained glass and small 30. TO 29.49 23.5! 362 00 30. 51 Crovvn and cylinder glass: Unpolished Unpolished and bent, 679, 226. 00 .51), 2:53. 00 179,372.45 7,402.16 8,030.61 2,014.83 11,:«9.77 26.41 13.16 21.83 20.00 23. 74 140,262.00 ,52,0.51.00 19, 893. 00 1,353.00 6,993 00 13,221.65 6,844.67 4,4.52.64 281.48 1,609.70 9.43 13.15 Polished Polished and bent, etc. 3t>, 783. 00 10, 076. 00 47,853.00 22.38 20.80 16.60 Total 830,171.00 208, 179. 82 25. 10 220, .5.52. 00 26,410.14 11.97 Plate glass: Rough or ribbed Rough and obscured. . 12,742.00 1,(174.00 1011,400. 00 2,622.39 -523. 32 38.7.56.84 20.58 44. 73 .38.60 21.15 32.31 4,-526.00 124.00 3,778.00 2, 726. TO 2,6.50.00 606. 12 37. 72 1,477.12 934. 40 ,5-59. 25 13.39 .30. 42 39. 20 Polished and bent, etc. 14,.5;(l.tiO 3,073.06 3,146,00 1,016.44 -34.30 21.10 Total Ail other manufactures Total imports 131,893.00 1 4.5,902.05 j 34.85 13, 804. 00 .3,614.61 26. 19 266,-503.00 79,946.94 30.00 103, 755. TO 31,126.-50 30. TO 4,6;?7,S14.00 1 , :i.58, .5-57. 62 29.25 2, 303, 308. TO 6;W,-579.42 27.40 20 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Glassware, totals — Imports for consumption — Revenue — Continued, FISCAL YEARS— Continued. 1917 1918 Kind. Value. Duty. Actual or com- puted ad valorem rate. Value. Duty. Actual or com- puted ad valorem rate. Crude optical glass Bottles . etc. , pressed $268, 890. 00 782, 944. 00 301,926.00 259,496.00 40, 603. 00 207,044.00 Per cent. Free. 25.84 45.00 45.00 30.00 30.80 $275,021.00 302, 052. 00 267, 448. 00 381,898.00 34, 645. 00 181,287.00 Per cent. $202,298.56 135, 837. 72 116,773.20 12,180.90 63,716.45 $74,421.72 120,351.60 171,854.10 10,39.3.50 55. 202. 75 24.60 45.00 45.00 Stained glass and small 30.00 30.40 Crown and cylinder glass: 277, 222. 00 47, 069. 00 23, 485. 67 6, 403. 09 8.48 13.60 84,018.00 19,010.00 307. 00 1,188.00 5,347.42 2, 324. 02 10.20 183.54 6.35 Unpolished, bent, etc. . Polished 12.25 3.32 112.00 9.20 8.20 15.43 Total 324,403.00 29,897.96 9.22 104, 523. 00 7,865.18 7.52 Plate glass: Rough or ribbed Rough , obscured 2,002.00 402.00 13,787.00 1,542.00 151.00 180. 22 357. 60 1,612.98 412.04 7.09 9.00 89.00 11.70 26.70 46.90 2,239.00 391. 00 164. 77 321. 84 7.36 83.10 Silvered 176.00 36.39 26.60 Total 17, 884. 00 2,569.93 14.37 2,806.00 526.00 18.70 All other manufactures 73,868.00 22, 158. 78 30.00 129,305.00 38,781.48 30.00 Total imoorts 2,277,058.00 585,433.50 25.70 1,678,985.00 479,396.33 28.57 CALENDAR YEARS. 1918 1919 Kind. Value. Duty. Actual or com- puted ad valorem rate. Value. Duty. Actual or com- puted ad valorem rate. Crude optical glass $341,734.00 180,487.00 214,466.00 383,643.00 24, 173. 00 191,540.00 Per cent. Free. 20.76 45.00 45. 00 30.00 30.20 $410,775.00 136, 119. 00 429,044.00 411,351.00 26,999.00 371,846.00 Per cent. Bottles, etc., pressed Ornamental glass $37,458.48 96,509.70 127,381.05 7,251.90 57,778.80 $30,467.40 193,069.80 184,507.35 8,099.70 112,823.95 22.40 45 00 45.00 Stained glass and small 30.00 Optical goods 30.20 Crown and cylinder glass: Unpolished 33,634.00 21,155.00 2,867.19 2,495.04 8.53 11.80 73,636.00 60,933.00 206. on 15.00 6,133.54 6,875.69 23. 78 3.35 8.35 Unpolished and bent, etc 11.30 Polished and bent, etc. 11.51 Silvered 1,174.00 ISO. 47 15.40 22.33 Total 55,963.00 5,542.70 9.90 134,790.00 13,036.36 9.68 Plate glass: Rough or ribbed 3,871.00 141. 73 3.65 1,448.00 13,757.00 3,055.00 252.00 154. 74 2,318.82 446. 98 19.44 10.69 16.85 Polished 210.00 123.00 30.20 8.43 14.40 6.85 14.60 7.72 Total 4,204.00 180.36 4.29 18,512.00 2,939.98 15.90 All other manufactures 117,798.00 35,330.40 30.00 122,312.00 36, 693. 60 30.00 Total imports 1,414,008.00 367,433.39 25.98 2,061,748.00 581,638.14 28.20 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 21 Glassware, totals — Domestic exports. (From Commerce and Navigation.] FISCAL YEAR 1910. Country. Bottles, vials, etc. Cylinder, crown, and window. riate. All others. Total. Canada 0) (1) (') (1) (') 0) (1) $15,172 38,415 1,381 7,622 671 2,075 2,640 19 $1,981 3,057 3,814 4,028 368 429 1,339 $951,982 371,800 200, 146 149,766 276,989 377,548 341,497 52,662 $969,135 413,272 Cuba .. . 205,341 161,416 278,028 380,052 345,476 52,681 Total . . (1) 67, 995 15,016 2,722,390 2,805,401 FISCAL YEAR 1911. Canada (J) $46, 187 34,497 5,137 12,657 1,399 10, 669 10, 793 814,855 1,931 1,887 7,473 1,943 $1,092,900 386, 548 191,743 175, 231 318,071 4S9, 707 408, 999 32, 170 $1,153,942 422,976 Cuba 198, 767 195,361 321,413 500,376 Asia and Oceania 1,594 421,386 32, 170 Total (1) 2 121,339 ! 29, 683 3,095,369 3,246,391 FISCAL YEAR 1912. Country. Bottles. Cylinder, window, etc. Plate. All other. Total. (') 0) (') (1) (') (■) (') (') $74,050 2,187 25, 666 6,801 3, 569 $15,616 2,543 24,607 6,261 829 12 858 28 $1,340,352 212,733 388, 179 186, 224 334, 704 501,652 330,148 35, 298 $1,430,018 Cuba 217,463 Mexico 438,452 199, 286 South America 339, 102 501,664 539 1,297 331,545 Africa 36,623 Total (1) 114,109 50,754 3,329,290 3,494,153 FISCAL YEAR 1913. $339,091 140, 160 104,511 37,255 106,216 24, 238 49,976 6,880 $398,571 4, 586 18, 528 6,627 3,927 99 1,855 168 $16,726 2,075 26,554 8,061 1,814 190 3,410 $1,293,016 160,820 204,692 152,504 228,901 563,552 248,532 40,107 $2,047,404 Cuba 307,641 354,285 204,447 340,858 588,079 303, 773 Africa 47, 155 Total 808,327 434,361 58,830 2,892,124 4,193,642 » Included in "All other.' » Six months only— January to June, 1911, inclusive. 22 T^VPJFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Glassware, totals — Domestic exports — Continued. FISCAL YEAR 1914. Country. Bottles, etc. Common window. Plate. All other. Total. $330,358 60,941 102, 847 42,663 109, 288 13, 160 48,437 3,659 3276,987 11,856 3,045 9,186 2,573 511 7,120 61 816,279 6,076 1,551 8,436 2,033 370 1,022 $1,144,087 87, 791 100,201 155,997 180,012 643, 551 259,133 40,392 $1,767,711 166,664 Cuba 267, 644 216,282 293,906 657, 592 315,712 44,112 Total 711,353 311,339 35,767 2,671,164 3,729,623 FISCAL YEAR 1915. Canada Mexico Cuba All other North America South America Europe Asia and Oceania Africa Total $269, 425 67, 273 145,374 38,413 64,307 89, 106 85,868 12,661 $636,059 13,144 59,046 25,045 158, 323 259,011 280,318 12, 167 72,427 1,443,113 $232,875 2,717 42, 705 9,007 59, 273 305,490 179,085 575 $822,029 78, 668 216,391 139, 777 176,820 678, 101 369,059 30, 605 831,727 2,511,450 ,960,388 161,802 463,516 212,242 458,723 ,331,708 914,330 56,008 5, 558, 717 FISCAL YEAR 1916. Country. Bottles. Windows. Plate. All other. Total. Canada Mexico Cuba All other North America South America Europe Asia and Oceania Africa Total $353, 718 102, 710 413, 134 80, 612 214,067 748, 755 144,391 104,857 2, 168, 244 $971,798 17, 671 81,967 34,645 612, 340 250, 364 1,095,454 56, 677 $507, 184 7,928 111,020 15,476 201,682 326,388 392,016 6,487 $1,099,086 67,864 412,514 241,089 465,789 2,523,644 544,792 106, 219 3, 123, 916 1,568,181 5,460,997 $2,931,786 196,173 1,021,635 377,822 1,493,878 3,849,151 2, 176, 653 274, 240 12,321,338 FISCAL YEAR 1917. Canada Mexico Cuba All other North America South America Europe Asia and Oceania Africa Total $566, 9(i, 510, 118, 312, 541, 212, 76, 2,435,610 $1,469,180 43, 763 116,803 84,153 657^ 99e 100,070 931,128 80,503 3,483,596 S780,815 23, 134 164, 933 24,172 261,934 50, 882 906,446 11,013 2,223,329 $1,612, 191, 524, 367, 848, 1,117, 623, 125, $4, 429,596 355,218 317, 286 593,990 080, 913 810,097 673, 909 293, 521 5,411,995 13,554,530. FISCAL YEAR 1918. Country. Canada Mexico Cuba All other North America South America Europe Asia and Oceania Africa Total Bottles. $640, 194, 973, 149, 262, 141, 258, 52, Chemical. $43,459 11,033 26, 020 5, 557 24, 856 11,025 28, 997 1,990 2,671,892 I 152,937 Window. $1,880,459 114,409 136,243 65, (iSO 709, 774 20, 521 442, 676 31,358 3,401,120 Cut glass. $69,602 5,941 43,032 3,488 22, 050 1,682 11,774 157, 569 Plate. $904, 34, 211, 24, 545, 16, 702, 12, All other. $1,887,567 415,711 794, 790 339, 605 878, 389 225, 845 557, 766 77,647 2,451,918 I 5,177,320 Total. $5,425,752 775, 592- 2,184,863 587, 848 2,443,250 417,189 2, 002, 142 176, 120 14,012,756 TARIFF IXFOHMATION SURVEYS. 23 Glassuare, totals— Domestic eocports — Continued. CALENDAR YEAR, 1918. Country. Bottles. Canada $583,586 Mexico I 84, 510 Cuba 1, 410, 245 All other North America South America.. Europe Asia and Oceania Africa Total. 126,577 220, 717 51,843 261, 761 41,831 2,781,076 Chemical. ^ Window. ! Cut glass. $43,074 13,503 32, 922 5,565 34,567 7,611 38,287 4,153 $1,739,661 112,735 220, 689 ()5,320 1,024,741 21,025 512, 552 115,930 179,682 3,812,653 139,449 $62, 366 5,997 23,506 3,690 28,515 2,484 12,891 Plate. $761,638 54,777 283,650 30,754 797, 982 2,228 1,196,791 27,807 3, 155, 627 All Other. Total. $1, 935, 197 360,920 8.52,311 3^,110 &52, .549 148,080 839,928 88,300 5,401,395 $5,125,522 632,448 2, 823, 323 556,016 2,959,071 ZVi, 271 2,862,210 278,021 15,469,882 CALENDAR YEAR 1919. Canada $721,494 Mexico i 134,418 Cuba I 1,916,426 Another North America.} 139,997 South America I 455, 346 Euror>e i 1, 437, 599 Asia and Oceania i 394,803 Africa I 83,572 Total 5,283,655 $54,420 I $1,329, 534 16,205 23, 610 10, 754 38, 316 7,525 44,084 6,055 176,770 142, 740 112,399 1,640,716 1,870,559 1,104,711 115,179 $104,789 21,638 19, 602 9,021 38, 815 45,243 28,947 1,070 $604, 868 46, 028 329,714 42, 836 1,360,647 238, 222 1,531,497 67,548 $2,271,861 605,183 848, 864 433, 440 1,286,271 1,497,413 1,208,544 177, 308 200, 969 6,492,008 269,125 4,221,360 I 8,328,944 $5,086,966 1,000,242 3, 280, 956 748,447 4,820,111 5, 096, 561 4,312,586 450, 792 24, 796, 661 MINOR GLASS MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS WHICH ARE SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED IN THE TARIFF. Tariff Act of 1913. 89. Cast polished plate glass, silvered, cylinder and crown glass, riilvcrod, and looking-glass plates exceeding in size one hundred and forty-four square inches, shall be subject to a duty of 1 cent per square foot in addition to the rates otherwise chargeable on such glass unsilvered: Provided, That no lookuig-glass ]3lates or glass sil- vered, when framed, shall pay a less rate of duty than that imposed upon similar glass of like description not framed, but shall pay in addition thereto upon such frames the rate of duty applicable thereto when imported separate. 90. Cast polished plate glass, silvered or unsilvered, and cylinder, crown, or common window glass, silvered or unsilvered, polished or unpolished, when bent, ground, obscured, frosted, sanded, enameled, beveled, etched, embossed, engraved, flashed, stamed, colored, painted, ornamented, or decorated, shall be subject to a duty of 4 per centum ad valorem in addition to the rates otherwise chargeable thereon. 95. Stained or pamted glass wmdows, or parts thereof, and all mirrors, not exceeding in size one hundred and forty-four square nches, with or without frames or cases, 30 per centum ad valorem. PROCESSES ENUMERATED. Silvering. Grinding. Enameling. Embossing. Engraving. Coloring. Painting. Etching. kSand blasting Bending. Obscuring. Beveling. Cutting. Flashing. Staining. Gilding. Frosting. DESCRIPTION. Printing. The foregoing manufacturhig processes are all mentioned m the tariff act of 1913. They are all auxiliary operations which fit the product for some specific use, and each operation adds materially to the selling price of the material. Many of the terms are general and embrace several of the more specific items. Thus obscured, ornamented, and decorated cover practically all the processes men- tioned. Silvering. — Polished metal surfaces have been used for mirrors for 3,000 years. The first glass mirrors were invented in the twelfth century, but were very crude affairs which quickly lost their bril- liancy. The common method of coatuig mirrors prior to 1870 con- sisted ui coating the polished glass surface with tm foil. Mercury was poured over the foil, and after the excess had drained away, the amalgum was backed with pauit to prevent deterioration. Mirrors 21 TARIFF INFORMAIIOISr SURVEYS. 25 made in this way were rather inefficient and became spotted after a short time. At the present time, the mirror surface is ])roduced by a coatinp: of silver which is precipitated on the o;lass. The sur- face of the glass is first carefully cleaned to remove all grease. Silver nitrate solution is poured over the surface and the silver precipitated by adding a reducmg solution. This produces a dense coating of silver on the glass, which will retahi its brilliancy for an mdefinite period if it is protected by pahituig or other means. Bending. — Glass is bent by hcatmg to a plastic condition and then placmg upon a templet of the desired arc. This o])cration, in common with all others in which the glass must be heated, ref[uires a large expenditure of fuel. This is a building glass manufacturing process exclusively. The ]>roduct is consumed by sash makers for the manufacture of bent-glass windows and by the manufacturers of glass-front furniture, showcases, and other articles. Ohscuring. — There are many processes in common use for destroy- ing the transparency of glass. This may be accomplished by mechanical means — grinding or sand blasting; by chemical means — etching or frosting; or by adding an insoluble material to the glass mix. Many substances, notably arsenic, render glass dense white instead of transparent and this property is widely utilized in the manufacture of "art glass." Wonderful effects are produced by the use of arsenic in combination with a coloring agent. All the ingre- dients may be melted together in one pot — in which case a uniform dense colored glass is produced — or the colored glass and opaque glass may be melted separately and mixed while they are plastic rather than liquid. Some of the most beautiful art effects arc pro- duced by the latter process. Grinding. — The surface effect known as ground glass is produced by covering the surface with sand or other abrasive and rubbing with cast-iron plates, or by cutting the surface with an abrasive wheel. The first process is used when the whole surface is to be obscured. The use of emer}^ wheels is confined to decorative grinding. Sand hlasting. — When hard quartz sand is blown against a glass surface by compressed air, the polish is quickly destroyed. The product closely resembles ground glass, but is a cheaper product because it is less uniform. Etching. — Solutions of the salts of hydrofluoric acid, and the acid itself quickly dissolve silica in any form. Glass which is to be etched is fust cleaned and then coated with a layer of paraffin. The design is scratched through the paraffin coating so that when the etching solution is poured over the article, it can attack tlie glass at those spots. The effect produced closely resembles grinding. The process is confined to decorated table and ornamental ware. Frosting. — Frosting is the name apj)lied to an effect rather (lian the result of any particular process. Fi-osting may be produced by grinding, etching, or sand blasting. Enarneling. — Glass enamel is easily fusibh^ glass, grouiul and mixed with any suitable liquid carrier. Tlie enamel is blushed on the glass surface and the whole is then heated imtil the enamel fuses and adheres to the base. This is a form of decoration now used only on opaque glass, but it was one of the first processes used in memorial window manufacture. Some of the most famous European memorial windows were manufactured in this way. 26 TARIFF IISTFOKMATION SURVEYS. Beveling. — Beveling is the process of chamfering the edges of a plate of glass. The commonest use of this form of decoration is for mirrors and for finishing the edges of glass desk, table, and counter tops. The rough grinding is produced ])y emery wheels, all the scratches being removed by felt wheels and rouge. Kmhossing. — Embossed glass is that which has a design worked into the body of the article by raising or depressing parts of the surface. The embossing may"^ be performed after the article is shaped, in which case it is an extra operation, but in most com- mercial and ornamental glassware the design is worked in the mold and is transferred to the surface of the glass by the blowing or pressing operation. Cutting and engraving are decorative processes often performed upon table and ornamental glassware. The cutting is performed by knife-edged abrasive wheels. The rough cut is polished with rouge and the whole article is dipped in acid to enhance the brilliancy. Cutting may add much or little to the value of the article. The value of cut glassware varies with the kind of glass used, the shape of the article, and the amount and depth of cutting. Engraving is light cutting. (See U. S. T. C. Survey on Blown and Pressed Glass- ware.) Flashing is the art of fusing a thin sheet of colored glass to a thicker section of colorless material so as to obtain the color of the thin sheet without sacrificing transparency or durability in the finished product. Many colored glasses are relatively opaque, and when transparency is important a hashed section is used. Red signal lenses were formerly made by flashing a section of ruby glass on a thicker section of color- less material. A colored glass is now made which is sufficiently transparent in thick sections, so the flashed lenses are no longer used in railroad work. Coloring and staining. — The oxides of gold, copper, iron, manganese, and many other metals impart distinctive colors to the glass in which they are used. The coloring property is pronounced in many cases, and very small percentages of the oxide will entirely change the color of the product. The coloring agent is mixed with the batch, there being no extra expense other than the cost of the oxide used. Stained glass is a surface coloration produced by painting the surface of the glass with metal oxides and then heating the article until oxide com- bines with the body. Flat, uniform color staining is a process requiring little skill, but coloring like that observed in stained glass memorial windows is probably the highest type of the ceramist's art. A painter in oils can observe the color efl"ect as the paint is laid on, but the glass stainer works with materials which show little if any color before firing. The common practice in ornamental window work is to use opalescent or plain colored glass wherever possible, staining being employed to bring out the lights and shadows. Painting and gilding. — Glass surfaces are often decorated by paint- ing with oil artists' colors. The product does not require firing to bring out the color, but the latter is easily marred and is worthless for transmitted light because the paints are opaque and destroy all transparency. Cheap gilding consists of a coat of bronze or gold paint. Ceramic colors are often used for glass decorating. These are applied in the same manner as oils, but require firing, after which they are permanent. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 27 Printing and liquid gold worJc. — Designs are printed on glassware with ceramic colors either by impression with a stamp or by transfer from a tissue decalcomania. The first is common practice for cheap decoration, but decalcomanias are used on the better grades of ware. Liquid gold is used for all high-class gilding and gold banding work. The material used is finely divided gold or gold chloride solution mixed with a liquid carrier. It is applied to the piece like paint. All ceramic color and liquid gold decoration must be set by fire. The finished ware is placed in a continuous furnace and the tem- perature is slowly raised to the required point and then annealed. DOMESTIC PRODUCTION. In 1914, $16,445,839 worth of decorated and stained glassware were produced in the United States. This does not include most of the decorating performed upon building glass and mirrors. Two or more forms of decoration are often present in a single article. In the following table the processes commonly occurring together are arranged in such a manner as to show the relationship: DECORATIVE PROCESSES. a o > 60 c .g 1 Ph si i 1 1 g B o .g 2 a a 2 S .g 2 o bi a i o B o 1 o b/j a 1 d be a 1 o u .g > (S P3 bi) .9 g '3 bo B Silvering C b s c c c c a c s c C s c c c c c c c c c c c c c s c c c s c c b Embossing. c s c c s c c s c s s c c s c c b s c b s s s c s c c c s c c c s c c Gilding . .. b c c s c c c c c c KtPhinf. c s s s c c c Obscuring ... c s s c s c c c c c Fro'^ting . c c b s b s s s c Enameling c c c c Coloring c c c c c s s c s "s ■ c Sanding. Beveling a c c "c" c c s c c s c c b c c c c c Printing.. . c c s a Usually occurring with. b Often occurring with. c Occasionally occurring with. I uccasionaiiy occurring wiin. Are or may "be synonomous terms. IMPORTS. Decorated glass and glassware forms a considerable and increasing part of the importations. The value of this material amounted to 22.9 per cent of the total in 1910; 24 per cent in 1914, and 25.5 per cent in 1919. Decorated ornamental and tableware forms the bulk of the imports, but the importations of stained glass windows and small mirrors often amount to a considerable part of the total. Fc 'lowing the passage of the tarilf act of 1913 there Avere large increases in the importations of silvered cylinder and other common window jjlass. 28 TARIFF INFOKMATION SURVEYS. DISTRIBUTION OF IMPORTS OF DECORATED GLASSWARE. Total imports. Ornamental and tableware. Ornamented plate glass. Ornamented window glass. Value. Per cent. Value. Per cent. Value. Per cent. Fiscal year: 1910 $6, 592, 829 6,900,853 6, 175, 705 6, 408, 810 8,187,800 $1,086,324 1,341,996 16.5 19.4 $24, 185 39,530 28,262 47, 449 62, 228 14,531 2,726 1,542 0.4 .6 .5 . 7 .8 .3 .1 .1 $201, 498 201,984 147,694 213,992 185,319 66,309 53, 404 47, 069 19,010 21,155 61,139 3.1 1911 2.9 1912 1,063,409 1 17.2 1,036,717 16.2 1,218,523 14.9 2.4 1913 3.3 1914 2.3 1915 1916 1917 1918 4,637,814 2,303,308 2,277,058 1 fi78 QS."! 591,058 310, 458 301,926 267, 448 214,466 429,044 12.7 13.5 13.3 15.9 15.2 20.8 1.4 2.3 2.1 1.1 Calendar year: ' 1918 ; 1,414,008 1.5 1919 t 2.061.748 3.0 Silvered glass. Stained windows. Total decorated. Value. Per cent. Value. Per cent. Value. Per cent. Fiscal year: 1910 .$3, 100 6,776 2, 635 $193,361 359,502 272, 259 2.9 5.2 4.4 81,608,468 1,949,788 1,514,259 1,688,744 1, 961, 853 1,029,231 466, 018 391, 403 322,467 261,091 517,449 22.9 1911 0.1 28.2 1912 24.5 1913 1,554 389, 032 i 6. 1 28. 3 1914 1915 1916 1917 I 68, 147 I 50, 999 1 9, 643 1263 11,364 1 1, 297 ' 267 .8 1.1 .4 427, 636 306,334 89,787 40, 603 34, 645 24, 173 26,999 5.2 6.6 3.9 1.8 2.1 1.7 1.3 24.0 22.1 20.2 17.3 1918 Calendar year: 1918 1919 .1 .1 19.2 18.5 25.1 ' A large percentage of this material was decorated as well as silvered, but is listed under silvered glass so as to show the increase in importations. TARIFF HISTORY. Ornamented and decorated glassware, other than plate and common window glass, has been dutiable at the following ad valorem rates under the acts from 1883 to 1913: Tariff act— 18S3 1890 1894 Per cent. 45 60 40 Tariff art- 1897.. 1909.. 1913 . . Percent. 60 60 45 In the acts of 1883, 1890, decorated glassware was covered in a separate paragraph. The provision was split into two paragraphs in the act of 1894, but the duty rate was the same in both. Decorated glass was combined with blown glassware in the act of 1897. This classification was continued in the subseciuent acts. Ornamented plate and common vyindoiv glass, not silvered, has been dutiable at the following ad valorem rates in addition to any duties levied on the same ware not decorated, except that the rate in 1883 was the total duty charged: Tariff act— 1883.... 1890 1894 Per cent. 45 10 10 TarifT aot- 1897.. 1909.. 1913.. Per cent. 5 5 4 Decorated building glass, other than plate glass, silvered, and look- ing-glass plates were grouped with other decorated glassware in the act of 1883. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 29 Silvered plate and unndow glass has been dutiable at the following specific rates, based upon the area of the piece. Duty in cents per square foot: Not exceeding (inches) 10x15 16x24 10x15 21x30 16x24 24x60 24x30 More than (inches) 34 X 60 Tariff act— 1883 4 fi 10 10 10 13 35 35 23 25 60 1890 Above 144 square inches to 16 x 24 inches. 6 6 11 60 1894 38 1897 38 Not exceeding (square inches) 384 144 720 384 720 More than (square inches) Tariff act— 1909 11 13 25 1913 1 > 1 cent per square foot above the rate charged for glass unsilvered. Stained-glass windows and parts and small mirrors less than 144 square inch, in area were dutiable at the following ad valorem rates in the various acts since 1883: Tariff act— 18S3 1890 1894 Per cent. 45 45 35 TarilT act- 1897.. 1909.. 1913.. Percent. 45 45 30 In the tariff act of 1883 all mirrors were classified with other sil- vered glass, and stained glass was classified with other decorated ware. TARIFF CONSIDERATIONS. An ad A'alorem rate is preferable in dealing with decorated glass- ware of all kinds, except silvered plate or window glass, because the decorating cost varies betw^een wide limits. The change in duty on silvered plate and window glass in the act of 1913 from a total footage rate to an additional rate of 1 cent per square foot resulted in a large reduction in the duty on silvered win- dow glass, both polished and unpolished. In the period 1909 to 1913 small sizes of this material were dutiable at 11 cents per square foot, but under the act of 1913 unpolished silvered glass of the same size is dutiable at 1 cent per pound or less than one cent per scjuare foot, plus 1 cent per square foot, while the polished window glass silvered is dutiable at 3 cents per square foot plus 1 cent per square foot. The imports of silvered window glass increased from $23 in 1913 to S57,432 in 1914 and $47,853 in 1915. The 1915 importa- tions all occurred during the time between July 1, 1914, and the outbreak of the war. Filled containers imported often contain the name or trade-mark of the manufacturer of tlie contents embossed or etched on tlio glass. Although classed as a decoration, this form of labeling lowers the value of the bottle for subsequent use, and removes from the market large quantities of foreign bottles which would otherwise compete with the domestic product. 30 TAEIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Domestic manufacturers of stained-glass windows assert that they are obliged to pay duty on their supplies of colored glass, whereas the foreign manufacturer can import the finished window free if it is ordered by a religious organization. Church windows form a large part of the production. Glass, ornamented and decorated — Production in United States — 1914. f From Federal census.] 635 582 468 711 8,067 Wages Paid for contract work llent of factory Taxes, including ir.ternal revenue. Expenses for principal materials... Fuel and rent of power Value of products Value added by manufacture $4,670,370 56, 489 346,029 52,189 6,935,106 207, .503 16,445,839 9,303,230 Ntmiber of establishments Persons employed, proprietors and firm meml>ers Salaried ollicers Clerks Average nimiber wage earners Capital engaged $11, 310, 478 Salaries of ollicials 720,895 Salaries of clerks 592,331 Glass ivindows, stained or painted, or parts thereof, and all mirrors, not exceeding in size 144 square inches, with or without frarnes or cases, when bent, (/round, obscured, frosted, sanded, enameled, beveled, etched, embossed, criyrared, flashed, stained, colored, painted, or otherwise ornamented or decorated — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. -A-ctual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 45 per cent plus 5 per cent. . . do $15. CO $7.50 Per cent. 50.00 1908 . 1909 do ] Glass windou's, stained or painted, or parts thereof, and all mirrors, not exceeding in size 144 square inches, with or without frames or cases — Imports for consumption^Revenue . Fiscal year, Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 45 per cent $232,445.89 3.00 195,828.46 178,288.72 19.00 193,360.96 359, 501. 55 266,408.00 5,851.00 389,031.61 128,335.40 290,089.96 9,211.00 298,967.00 3.5.00 3, 682. 00 3, 6.50. 00 89, 787. 00 40, 603. 00 34, 64.5. 00 24, 173. 00 26,999.00 $104,600.64 1.01 88, 122. 81 80,229.93 Per cent. 45.00 1907' 75 per cent of 45 per cent. 33.75 1908 45.00 1909 do 45. 00 19(>9« Duty remitted 1910 87,012.43 161,775.70 119,883.60 45 00 1911 do 45.00 1912 do 45.00 1912- Duty remitted 1913 175,064.23 57, 750. 93 87, 026. 99 45.00 1914 ' do 45.00 1914 1 30.00 1914 From Philippine Islands. » For use of foreign ministers. ' July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. < Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 6 For manufacture in bonded warehouse and export. • For construction and equipment of vessels. ' For use of the United States. 8 Calendar year. TARIFF INFORMATION" SURVEYS. Cast polished plate glass, silvered — Rates of duty. 31 ■Vet of— Par. 1883 141 1883 142 1890 116 1890 117 1894 95 1894 96 1897 105 Tariff classification or description. 1897 I 106 1909 I 103 Cast polished plate ."lass, silvered, or boking-glass plates, not exceeding 10 by 15 inches square. Above that, and not ecceedinp: 16 by 24 inches square Above 1 hat, and nit exceeding 24 by 30 inches square Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches square All above that But no looking-'jlass or plate glass, silvered, when framed, shall pay a less rate • f duty than that imp :).acking and preserving numbered 3,271,174 gross, an increase in the latter of 164 per cent over 1904. Milk jars hicreased from 253,651 gross in 1904 to 1,188,891 gross m 1914, an increase of 369 per cent. Fruit jars remained nearly stationary, being 1,198,952 gross m 1914, or an increase of about 13 per cent. Automatic bottle-making machines were introduced ui 1903 and are to ])e considered in noting the above increases. Hand production is grachially being displaced by auto- matic and semiautomatic machhies. The automatic machines alone can take care of aii}^ increased demand created ])y develoi)monts and new uses. Domestic exports. — -The exports of l)ottlcs, vials, jars, carbovs, etc., prior to 1916 ranged from $700,000 to $800,000 annually. In 1914 the value of such articles exported was $711,353, while in 1917 they amounted to $2,435,610, an increase of 242 per cent. Canada, Cuba, the United Kingdom, Argentina and othcn- South Anuu-ican countries, in the order named, were tlie sections to which these articles were mainly exported in 1917, sections of which imported from Furopi^an glass-producing countries to a great extent before the war i)eriod. The automatic-machine bottle makers in the United States "can produce a bottle cheajier than any one else hi the world," but do not • Excepting the Owens Bottle Machine Co., there are no dominatinRly large concerns included in the 118 coin[)anic.s. Most of thorn are relafivdv sma'l. The outstanding cai>ital stock of (he Owens Co. in 1918 was $16,88;3,22r). The dividends in lillS were 8^ per cent in preferred stock and 15 per cent regular on the coninion stock and 8 per cent extra. The amount was $2,850,430. (Annual report of company, Apr. 8, 1919.) 38 TAEIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. export their product. Their machines are m use, under license, in all of the European glass-]iroducing countries, and they do not interfere with or coni])cte with the European product. American makers of hand-made bottles can not, they say, enter uito foreign competitive markets, as their labor cost of production is greatly m excess of European labor cost. FOREIGN PRODUCTION. Statistics of foreign production are not available. For the year 1913, however, the figures of imports of bottles by 82 foreign countries show that hi value they amounted to $14,051,082, and of this amount the exports from tlie United States amounted to S808,327. Of the total, the prmcipal glass-producmg countries imported from each other a total of $5,775,620, includhig Germany, Austria, France, Netherlands, Italy, and the United Kingdom. The same year the exports of hollow glassware from Germany were valued at 15^ millions of dollars, from Austria Tk millions, from France 6i millions, Belgium 4^- millions. United Khigdom 3 millions, Netherlands 600 thousand. In none of these countries is domestic consumption indicated, but to some extent their potential power is indicated by the above figures. A report on the condition of the Belgian glass mdustry by Consul Charles Roy Nasmith, Brussels, under date of March 13, 1919, states that "there was only one bottle factory in 1914 and that was at Jumet, where two furnaces were in operation. They were in 0]>eration durhig the war and continue to work. A new factory is being constructed at Merxem, near Antwerp, with three furnaces with basins, which will work by means of a French system similar to the Owens. These furnaces ma}^ be heated with tar. A furnace using this method is operating in Holland and gives good results." IMPORTS. Imports of ])ottles and other glass containers include those that are filled as well as the empty ones. Champagne, other wines, ale, mhicral water, olive oils, and other foreign ]:)roducts are imported in glass containers and the latter when emptied become competitive with American bottles and containers. Only for the fiscal 3'ear ending June, 1914, did the imports of filled and empty glass containers reach a value of a million dollars. In that vear it was $1,148,460, while from 1910 to 1912 it was from $819,918 to $913,688. Since 1896 the imports of empty bottles alone rarely reached $300,000 in value. The exception was the year 1907, wiien the value of imported em])ty bottles was $420,517. The testimony of officials (1918) representative of both American manufacturers and skilled workmen was to the effect that the bottle business of the United States has never suffered to any extent from foreign competition exceptuig in special shapes, such as high-grade perfume and toilet-water bottles. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 39 Bottles, vials, jars, carboys, and demijohns — Production in United States — States. [From Federal Census.] California Illinois Indiana Kansas Maryland Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Oklahoma Pennsylvania. Virginia West Virginia. Another States or cities. 1899 $2,678,780 6,327,468 346,633 260,000 4,452,219 1,195,276 1,058,955 Total 21,676,791 33,631,063 4,162,990 (') 381,847 812,623 1904 $855,446 4,949,156 7,213,456 407, 868 536,478 607,383 6,066,714 1,866,245 2,961,727 (') 5,951,144 549,031 602,002 1,064,413 $873,434 4,304,795 6,982,378 651,376 528, 767 (1) 5,884,605 1,884,394 4,717,658 0) 7,778,787 681,900 646,521 1,083,718 36,018,333 1914 (') $6,680,700 9,155,163 (') 1,244,760 759,627 7,176,787 2,343,683 7,422,402 603,559 8, £30, 255 650,420 3,777,445 3,173,927 51,958,728 ' Included in "All other States" to avoid disclosing the operations of individual establishments. Bottles, vials, jars, carboys, and demijohns — Production in United States. [From Federal Census.] Varieties. 1899 1904 1909 1914 Prescription bottles, vials, and druggist wares Beer, soda, and mineral Liquor bottles and flasks Milk jars Frui t jars Battery jars and other electrical goods Patent and proprietary Packers and preservers Demijohns and carboys , Total values Gross. 2,423,932 1,351,118 985,374 146, 142 789, 298 (') 1,296,131 784,588 Dozens. 83,243 Gross. 3,202,586 2,351,852 2,157,801 253,651 1,061,829 19, 974 1,657,372 1,237,065 Dozens. 64,450 Gross. 3,624,022 2,345,204 1,887,344 440,302 1,124,485 9, 981 1,637,798 1, 237, 175 Dozens. 122,570 Gross. 4,893,416 4,573,610 2,689,022 1,188,891 1,198,952 79,211 1,384,689 3,271,174 Dozens. 160,796 $21,676,791 $33,631,063 $36,018,333 $51,958,728 1 Not reported separately. Bottles, vials, demijohns, carboys, and jars (except blovm), plain, green, or colored, ordi- narily used as containers, empty or filled (dutiable) — Imports by countries (fiscal years). Imported from— 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 Austria- II ungary Belgium France Germany Italy Netherlands.' $117,061 901 285,913 163,313 27, 72,3 38,882 12,564 1,869 93,539 15,212 3,368 47,978 11,595 $120,115 10,877 272, 205 246, 258 27,786 .33,548 11,140 8,441 94, 152 12,894 1,325 52,782 13,983 $136,497 371 293,333 235, 160 28,644 20, 133 15,238 4,820 77,789 17,779 1,751 01,282 20,885 3143,086 439 277,439 201, 883 33,565 11,476 10,820 2,091 61,991 13,482 2,012 66,563 15,550 $122,372 3,389 326,598 200,010 40,938 22, 745 12,277 3,401 133,016 86,340 16,760 78,839 41,775 S52,580 1,178 226, 887 114,343 40,714 16,407 Spain Sweden United Kingclom: 9,401 2,758 129,913 102,099 14,346 66,504 Another 39,363 Total 819,918 911,506 913,688 843,397 1,148,460 816,493 40 TARIFF INFORMATIOiSr SURVEYS. Bottles, vials, demijohns, carboys, and jars (except blown), plain, green, or colored, ordi- narily iLsed as containers, empty or filled {dutiable)— Imports by countries {fiscal years) — Continued. Imported from- Austria-Himgary. Belgium France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain Sweden United Kingdom: England Scotland Ireland Canada Another Total $10,922 101 766,592 1917 268,475 $314,864 44,548 61 30, 734 30, 672 23,147 13,215 10, 124 10,424 2,295 1,159 104,335 89,583 170,388 207, 217 19,391 10,692 22,357 15,074 59,775 56,880 749,841 1918 $162,950 1,477 4,496 6,093 22,065 74,494 1,817 26,961 26,358 326,711 19181 $90, 152 385 '667' 4,110 1,239 12 4,383 13, 490 114,438 19191 $4,299 39,099 31,958 6,275 2,425 3,765 13,792 57 2,858 11,400 115,928 I Calendar year. Bottles, vials, and jars, flint, lime, or lead, empty and filled, holding less than ^ pint — Imports for consumption— Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 50 cents per gross.. do Gross. 1,128.43 2,144.17 690.00 1,005.35 $820.00 1,870.50 524.00 850.00 $564. 22 1,072.11 345.01 502. 68 $0,727 .872 .759 .845 Per cent. 68.01 1908 57.32 1909 . ...do 65.84 1910 do 59.14 Bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, empty and filled, holding less than \ pint — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 50 cents per gross. . do Gross. 2, 687. 03 2,557.21 2,051.86 1, 752. 01 $2,085.00 1,945.00 1,796.79 1,448.00 $1,343.51 1,278.60 1,025.95 875.99 $0. 776 .761 Per cent. 64.44 1908 65.74 1909 do .876 57.10 1910 do .826 60.50 Bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, and flint, lirne, or lead, empty and filled, holding less than ^ pint — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1911 50 cents per gross.. do Gross. 7, .594. 89 3,409.76 5,569.23 492. 27 $5,043.00 2,415.32 4,010.21 398.00 $3, 797. 45 1,704.90 2,784.65 246. 13 $0,664 .708 .721 .808 Per cent. 75.30 1912 70.59 1913 do 69.34 1914 1 do 61.84 I July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. TAKIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 41 Bottles or jugs containing brandy and other spiritvx)us liquors, holding less than \ pint — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 50 cents per gross.. do Gross. 145.50 229.52 795. 94 (I) t $72. 76 (1) i 114.77 (1) i .-^SS. 01 Per ceru. 1908 1909 do 1 Value of bottles is returned with value of the contents. Bottles or jugs containing wines (except champagne and all other sparkling), cordials, brandy, and other spirituous liquors, holding less than \ pint — Imports for consump- tion — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed advaloiem rate. 1910 50 cents per gross.. do Gross. 756. 55 696.53 30.00 568.71 1,117.59 107. 93 0) (1) (1) (') (') 0) $378. 30 348.32 Per cent. 1911 1911 2 Duty remitted (sec. 21, act Aug. 5, 1909). 50 cents per gross.. do 1912 284. 37 558. 83 53.97 1913 19143 .... do • Value of bottles is returned vrith value of the contents. 2 For the supplies of vessels. ' July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. Bottles, vials, and jars, flint, lime, or lead, empty and filled, holding not more than 1 pint and not less than \ pint — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. I Rate of duty. l Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 li cents per pound. do Pounds. 107, 836. 00 S2.S84.I3 $1,617.53 5, 186. 12 $0,027 .027 .019 .027 .032 .011 Per cent. 56.08 1908 345,737.66 9;240.05 18,200.00 349.00 571,697.00 15,384.10 709,446.00 22,677.52 2 189. 00 S.'^. no 56.13 1908'... Duty remitted (sec. 15, act Aug. 24, 1897). 1 J cents per pound. do 1909 1910 19102 8,575.59 10,641.83 55.74 46.93 Duty remitted (sec. 21, act Sept. 5, 1909). • For manufacture in bonded warehouse and export. 2 For the supplies of vessels. 42 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, empty and filled, holding not more than 1 pint and not less than \ pint — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 li cents per pound. Pounds. 873,943.00 15,354.00 666,129.00 445, 636. 00 17,892.00 482,161.50 820,885.78 228.00 16,805.84 12, 284. 00 355. 00 12,130.25 813, 109. 20 $0,024 .015 .025 .028 .020 .025 Per cent. 62.77 1907'. . (sec. 15, act Aug. 1 24, 1897). 1908 1 IJ cents per pound. 1909 - --.do 9,992.00 6,684.63 69.46 54. 42 1909' . Duty remitted (sec. 15, act July 24, 1897). IJ cents per pound. 1910 7, 232. 46 69.62- 1 For manufacture in bonded warehouse and export. Bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, and flint, lime, or lead, empty and filled, holding not more than 1 pint and not less than ^ pint — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. value. ,,S,. Value per unit of quantity. Actua 1 and computed ad valorem. rate. 1911 li cents per pound. do Pounds. 1,650,554.90 1,448,095.16 842,215.69 $24,758.49 37,200.47 21.72I.,';0 $0,026 .026 .037 .028 .033 .026 Per cent. 58. 65 1912 68. 39-- 1912' Duty remitted 25,650.00 1,281,348.00 120.00 256,353.00 938. 00 36,469.00 1913 (sec. 23, act Aug. 5, 1909)... li cents per pound. li cents per pound — 20 per cent . . . IJ cents per poimd. 19.220.31 62. 70 1913S 4.00 i 1.44 6,626.40 3.84.i.33 1914 « 36.00 58. 03 1 For manufacture in bonded warehouse and export. ' Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. '■> July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. Bottles, vials, and jars, flint, lime, or lead, empty and filled, holding more than 1 pint- Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 1 cent per poimd . . do Pounds. 659, 601 1,359,411 1,750,751 3,304,337 $11,823.27 26,031.53 33,049.39 59,342.69 $6,596.01 13,594.11 17,507.51 33,043.37 $0,018 .019 .019 .018 Per cent. 55.79 1908 52.22 1909 do 52.97 1910 do 55.68 Bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, empty and filled, holding more then 1 pint — Imports for consumption— Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 1 cent per pound . . do Pounds. 4,309,484.00 4,496,000.75 2,817,484.50 3,947,334.00 $74,539.95 77,636.50 51,405.92 71,166.88 $43,094.84 44,960.01 28, 174. 84 39, 473. 34 $0,017 .017 .018 .018 Per cent. 57.81 1908 57.91 1909 do 54.81 1910 dr. 55.47 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 43 Demijohns and carboys {covered or uncovered), empty and filled, holding more than 1 pint-^ Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 1 cent per pound . . do Pounds. 37, 963. 00 17,348.00 7,141.50 84.00 3, 629. on 6,557.00 17,617.50 350.00 $837. 52 353.71 171.00 1.00 70.50 112.00 295.13 8.00 $379.63 173.48 71.42 .84 .36.29 65.57 176. 18 3.50 $0,022 .020 .024 .012 .019 .017 .017 .023 Per cent. 45.33 1908 49.05 1909 do 41.77 1910 do 84.00 1911 do 51.48 1912 do 58.54 1913 do 59.70 1914 1 do 43.75 1 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. Bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, violded or pressed, and flint, lime, or lead, empty and filled, holding more than 1 pint — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1911 1 cent per pound . . Duty remitted (sec. 23, act Aug. 5, 1909). 1 cent per pound.. do PouTids. 6,258,336.00 1,674.00 5,094,168.00 4,821,313.00 1, 126, 204. 50 $110,884.29 34.00 94,044.71 87,369.22 20, 817. 70 $62,583.37 $n.ni8 .020 .018 .018 .018 Per cent. 56.44 1911' 1912 50,941.69 48,213.14 11,262.05 54.17 1913 55.18 1914 » do 54.10 1 For manufacture in bonded warehouse and export. 2 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, imder act of 1909. Bottles, vials, and jars, flint, lime, or lead, evipty and filled — Other, on which specific duty would be less than 40 per cent — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. 1907.. 19071. 190S.. 1908', 1909.. 19091, 1910.. 1910 2, 19101, Rate of duty. 40 per cent 10 per cent less 20 percent. (0 per cent 40 per cent less 20 per cent 40 per cpnt 40 per cent less 20 per cent. 40 i)cr Cent l)tityromilted(sec. 21, act Auc. 5, 1909). 40 per cent less 20 per cent. Quantity. Value. $297, 132. 73 39.00 2.53,447.38 34. 00 145,780.32 95.50 112,708.49 14.00 145.00 Duty collected. $118,8.53.08 12. 4S 101,378.94 10.88 58,312.14 30.50 45,0&3.41 IC. 40 Value per imit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Per cent. 40 32 32 > Reciprocity treaty with Cuba, s For the supplies of vessels. 44 TARIFF IISTFORMATION SURVEYS. Bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, empty and filled— Other, on ivhich specific duty would be less than 40 per cent — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 '40 per cent $574,5.3.5.64 304. 00 26.00 9.00 2.00 530,617.23 253. 00 10.00 21.00 385,065.63 30.00 46.00 86.00 392,369.72 8.00 371.00 $229,814.24 Per cent. 40 19071 Dutyremittcdfsec 14, act July 24, 1897.) DutyremittedCsec. 1.5, act July 24, 1897). 75 per cent of 40 percent. 40 per cent less 20 per cent. 40 per cent 19072 1907 3 2.70 .64 212,246.90 30 1907 < 30 1908 40 19081 Dutvreraitted(sec. 14, act July 24, 1897). Dutvremittedfsec. 1.5, act July 24, 1897). 40 per cent less 20 per cent. 40 per cent 190S2 190S * 6.72 154,026.25 9.00 32 1903 40 19093 "opercentoflOper cent. Putj' reniitted(sec. 30 1903' 19091 14, act July 24, 1897). 40 per cent less 20 per cent. 27. 52 156,947.89 32 1910 40 1910' Dutv remitted (sec. 21, act Aug. 5, 1909). 10 per cent less 20 per cent. 1910 < 118.72 32 ' For the supplies of vessels. 2 For manufacture in bonded warehouse and export. ' From I'hilippine I.'ilands. ■< Reciprocity treaty witii Cuba. Bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, and flint, lime, or lead, empty and fi,lled — Other, on which specific duty would he less than 40 per cent — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1911.. 1911 1. 1912.. 1912 3. 1913.. 1913 2. 1913 <. 1913'. 1914 5... 1914 !>'. 40 per cent 40 per cent less 20 per cent. Dutyremitted(scc 23, act Aug. 5, 1909). 40 per cent IJuty remittedCsec. 21, act Au;^. 5, 1909). 40 per cent Dutyremittcdfsec. 23, act Auir. 5, 1909). Duty remitted 40 per Cent less 20 per cent. 40 [ler cent 40 per cent les.s 20 percent. E477, 206. 12 872. 00 12.00 473,916.26 6.00 4 17, .356. 36 74. 00 19.00 351.00 81,179.07 89.00 3190,882.43 279. 01 Per cent. 40 32 189,566.49 166,942.54 40 113.28 32,471.63 28.48 32 40 32 ' Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. 2 For manufacture in bonded warehouse and export. ' For the supplies of vessels. * For use of the United States, 5 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. TAEIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 45 Bottles or jugs containing brandy and other spirituous liquors, holding not more than J pint and not less than 1/4 pint — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value.' 1 Duty collected. ^'alue per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 li cents per pound. U cents per pound less 20 per cent. H cents per pound. do Pounds. 845,027.70 32 695,672 913,885.50 $12,675.51 .38 10, 43.5. 16 13, 708. 37 Per cent. 19072 190S 1909 1 Value of bottles is returned with value of the contents. - Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. Bottles or jugs containing wines {except champagne and all other .sparkling), cordials, brandy, and other spirituous liquors, holding not more than 1 pint and not less than 1/4- pint. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. ^■^'"'^•' coKld. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1910 li cents per pound. l| cents per poimd less 20 per cent. IJ cents per pound. do Pounds. 752, 172 51 879,576 825, 513. 50 766,624 216, 347 11,282.67 .61 13,193.61 12,382.84 Per cent. 1910 2 1911 1912 1913 . .. do 11, 499. 43 3, 245. 20 1914 3 do 1 Value of bottles is returned with value of the contents. 2 Reciprocitv treat v with Cuba. 3 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. Bottles or jugs containing brandy and other spirituous liquors, holding more than 1 pint- Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value.' Duly collected. Value per imit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 3. 1908.. 1908 2 1907 .' 1 cent per pound . . 1907 2 Dut V remilted(sec. 14," act July 24, 1S97). 1 cent per pound loss 20 per cent. 1 cent per pound.. . Duty remitted (sec. 14, act July 24, 1917.) Duty remitted (sec. 15, act July 24, 1 1917.) 1908 3 1 cent per pound less 20 percent. 1909 1 cent per pound 1909 2 1 Duty remitted (sec. 14, act July 1 24, 1897). 1909 < , Duty remitted (sec. 15, act July 24, 1897). 1908 4. Pounds. 10,945,586 1,419 1,152 10,466,352 1,923 $109, 455. 86 9.22 104, 663. .52 17,440,187 : 174,-<01.87 6,107 , Per cent. 1 Value of bottles is relumed with value of the contents. 2 For the supplies of vessels. 3 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. < For manufacture in bonded warehouse and export. 46 TAEIFF INFORMATIOIT SURVEYS. Bottles or jugs containing loines {except champagne and all other sparkling), cordials, brandy, and other spirituous liquors, holding more than 1 pint. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Valuc.i Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1910 1 cent per pound.. Duty remitted (sec. 21, act Aug. .5, 1909). Duty remitted (sec. 23,act-\ug. 5, 1909). 1 cent per pound less 20 percent. 1 cent per pound . . . Duty remitted (sec.21,act-\ug. 5, 1909). Duty remitted (sec. 23, act Aug. 5, 1909). Duty remitted 1 cent per pound less 20 per cent. Pounds. 14,337,695.50 5,874 190 1,643 15,978,809.50 6,797 1,451 IS 9,418 143,376.96 Per cent. 1910 - 1910 ' 1910 * 13.14 159, 788. 10 1911 1911 2 19113 1911 5 1911 < 75.34 1 Value of bottles is returned -with value of the contents. 2 For the supplies of vessels. 2 For manufacture in bonded warehouse and export. ■• Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. 6 For the use of foreign mmisters. Bottles or jugs containing nines (except champagne and all other sparkling), cordials, brandy, and other spirituous liquors and all other v)hen value is included in value of contents, holding more than 1 pint — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value.' Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1912 1 cent per poimd. . . 1912 2 Duty remitted Pounds. 14, 204, 124 6,804 1,139 13, 146. 50 S142,011.24 Percent. (sec. 21, act Aug. ! 5, 1909). 1912 3 . . . ' Duty remitted (sec. 23, act Aug. 5, 1909). 1912 * 1 cent per pound 105. 17 163,946.10 less 20 per cent. 1913 ' 1 cent per poimd.. 16,394,610.25 8,336 19132 Diit.v remitted 1913 3 (sec. 21, act Aug. 5, 1909). Duty remitted 4,248 IS 29,590 3,7.53,496 10,353 1,936 19135 (sec. 23, act Aug. 5, 191)9). Duty remitted 1 cent per pound less 20 percent. 1 cent per pound... 1 cent per pound less 20 percent. Free (sec. IV, K).. 1913 < 236. 71 37,534.96 82.82 1914 6 1914 <>5 1914 2,8 1 Value of bottles is returned with value of the contents. 2 For the supplies of vessels. 3 For manufacture in l)oni!e 1 warehouse and export. * Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. 6 For the use of foroi','n ministers. « July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 47 Bottles or jugs containing ivines (except champagne and all other sparkling), cordials, brandij, and other spirituous liquors—Other, on tvhich specific duty does not amount to 40 per cent — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. 1 D t ! Value per collected, i „,'^l°L quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1910 40 per cent. 1911 do. 1912 do 1912 2 40 per cent less 20 per cent 1913 40 per cent 19143 do $896.24 8, 129. 40 6,591.60 .32 8,582.98 2.690.20 Per cent. 1 Value of bottles is returned with value of the contents. * Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. s July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, filled ivith mineral water, holding not more than 1 pint and not less than \ pint — Imports for consumption — • Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1910 I i cent per pound . . 1 Pounds. 3,393,370 $47,485.50 $16,966.87 SO. 014 Per cent. 35.73 1 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. Bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, and flint, lime, or lead, filled with mineral water, holding not more than 1 pint and not less than J pint — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Dutv collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 19101 § cent per pound.. do Pounds. 1,892,905 7,841,179.90 4,262 320 8,350,738.75 4,039 8,017,563 4,242 $31,181.50 145,744.71 80.00 6.00 153,292.22 • 129.00 138,932.00 f. 1. 00 $9,464.54 39,206.01 $0,017 .019 .019 .019 .018 .032 .017 .015 Per cent. 30.35 1911 26.90 1911 « Duty remitted (sec. 21, act Aug. 5, 1909) i cent per pound less 20 per cent.. i cent per pound . . Duty remitted (sec. 21, act Aug. 5, 1909) .... J cent per pound.. Duty remitted (sec. 21, act Aug. 5, 1909).... i cent per pound . . 1911' 1.28 41,753.88 1912 21.33 27. 24 1912 2 1913 40,087.97 28.85 1913 2 19Ii< 1,815,944 33.023.00 9,079.75 .018 27.50 1 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909, ' For supplies of vessels. ' Rcciprccitv treaty w ith Cuba. * July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 190*1. 48 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, filled ivith mineral water, holding more than 1 pint — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. 1 Rate of duty. 1 Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual andi computed ad valorem rate. 19101 J cent per pound . . Pounds. 4,196,346 350,967.38 313,987.83 30.012 Per cent. 27.44 1 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. Bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, and flint, lime, or lead,, filled li'ith mineral water, holding more than 1 pint — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1910' J cent per pound.. do Pounds. 3,254,220 $47, 331. 65 166, 264. 12 161, 775. 68 2.41 156, 409. 65 2.00 29,611.75 $10,847.39 36,713.97 36,344.60 .23 37,825.55 .45 7, 132. 13 $0. 014 .015 .015 .029 .014 .012 .014 Per cent. 22.92 1911 11,014,206.25 10,903,368 84 11,347,689 168 2,139,634 22.08 1912 do 22.47 19122 J cent per pound less 20 per cent. J cent per pound.. J cent per pound less 20 per cent. § cent per poimd . . 9.54 1913 24.18 19132 22.50 19143 24.0* 1 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. 2 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. 3 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. Bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, filled with mineral water — Other, on which specific duty does not amount to 40 per cent — Imports for consump tion — Revenue . Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per imitof quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1910' 13J per cent 3612. 00 381. 62 Per cent. 13. 34 1 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. Bottles, vials, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, andfiint, lime, or lead, filled with mineral water — Other, on which specific duty does not amount to 40 per cent — Imports for consumption — Revenue . Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1910' 13J per cent 3217. 50 1,339.50 2.00 9 10. 00 2, 778. 75 391. 50 329.00 178. 62 .21 125. 32 370. 48 52.19 Per cent. 13 33 1911 do 13. 33 19112 13J per cent less 20 per cent. 13 J per cent . . 10 66 1912 13. 33 1913 do 13.3a 19143 .. do . 13.33- 1 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. 2 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. 3 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 19C9. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 49 Bottles, vials, demijohns, carboys, and jars, plain green or colored, molded or pressed, and flint, lime, or lead, n. s. p.f. — Bottles, vials, and jars, filled, containing mineral waters — Imjiortsfor consumption — Revenue. Fiscal rear. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. 1914 1.. 1914 1,2 Vf liie per unit of quantity. ' Actual and computed ad valorem 1914 1,3 1 Free (sec. IV, K). 10 per cent S233, 10 per cent less 20 per cent. 1915. 1915 2. 1915 3. 1916.. 1916 2. 10 per cent 10 per cent less 20 per cent. Frec(sec.IV,K).. 10 per cent 10 per cent less 20 per cent. 19163 Free(sec. IV, K).. 1917 j 10 per cent 1917 2 10 per cent less 20 per cent. 1918 10 per cent 19182 10 per cent less 20 per cent. 10 per cent do 1918*. 1919 <. 185 135 55, 034. 73 189. 25 70.00 675.00 13.00 179.00 ,225.00 25. 00 23.00 162. 00 2.00 645.00 20.00 022. 00 567.00 S23, 303. 47 15.14 18,567.50 1 10 1.04 8 14,122..')0 1 10 2.00 i 8 516. 20 .16 564. 50 1.60 , 002. 20 , 156. 70 Per cent. » Oct. 4, 1913, to Jiuie 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 2 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. 3 P'or supplies of vessels. * Calendar year. Demijohns and carboys (covered or uncovered), empty and filled — Other, on which specific duty would be less than 40 per cent — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 40 per cent Pounds. $10, 601 . 89 18,846.18 4, 195. 50 8,497.50 11,809.37 13,083.80 43.00 9, 786. 00 1,793.00 $4, 240. 76 7,538.46 1,678.20 3,399.00 4,723.75 5,233.52 13.76 3,914.40 717.20 Per cent. 40 1908. . .do 40 1909 .do 40 1910 .do 40 1911 do 40 1912 do 40 19121 . 40 per cent les.s 20 per cent. 40 per cent 32 1913 40 1914» do 40 1 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. 2 July 1 K, (ct. 3, 1913, i.nderact (4 11 Demijohns and carboys (covered or uncovered), empty — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of (luantily. Actual and computed ad \ alorom rate. 19141 30 per cent do Poundn. 70, 763 27, 990 4, 731 $3,156.00 890. 00 298.00 J949. 80 267.00 89.40 10.040 .032 .063 Per cent. 30 1915 30 1916 do 30 1917 do 1918.. .do . 2, 528 209.00 62. 70 .OKi 30 1918> do 1919' ...do 5, 065 3,051.00 915.30 . 002 30 1 Oct.4,1913,to June 30, 1914, under act on4.00 1,118.00 315.00 5.00 561,173.00 ^30. 00 40.00 287.00 585,924.00 86.00 208.00 231.00 212,826.00 402. 00 33.00 45.00 218.00 89,429.00 281.00 81.00 1.58.00 67, .530. 00 20.00 93.00 $167, 347. 10 142.80 Per cent. 30 19141 2 30 per cent less 20 per cent. Free (sec. IV, K).. 24 1914»3 1914H Free (sec. IV, M ) . . 191415 Free (art. 036,C.R.) 30 per cent 1915 158,476.20 268.32 30 19152 30 per cent less 20 per cent. Free (.sec. IV, K).. 24 19153 1915< Free (sec. IV, M).. 1916 30 per cent i68,35i.96 199.20- 30 19162 30 per cent less 20 per cent. Free (.sec. rV',M).. 24 1916 < 19163 Free (sec. IV, K).. 1917 30 per cent 175,777.20 20.64 30 19172 30 per cent less 20 per cent. Free (sec. IV, M).. 24 1917 < 19173 Free (sec. IV, K).. 1918 30 per cent 63,847.80 96.48 30 19182 30 per cent less 20 per cent. Free 24 1918" 1918< Free (sec. IV, M).. 19183 Free (sec. IV, K).. Calendar years: 1918 26,828.70 67.44 30 19182 30 per cent less 20 per cent. Free 24 1918 6 19183 Free (sec. IV, K).. 1919 30 per cent 30 per cent less 20 per cent. Free (sec. IV, K).. 1,4.1.3,660 489 2,589 20,2.59.00 4.80 .046 .041 .034 30 1919= 24 19193 1 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 2 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. 3 For supplies of vessels. < For manufacture in bonded warehouse and export. 5 For use of foreiftn ministers. » From Virgin Islands. Bottles, vials, demijohns, carboys, and jars ' — Domestic exports (fiscal years). Exported to — 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 $2,549 4,607 16,243 339,091 104,511 27,779 140, 160 52,066 35,883 2, 196 5,231 4,435 3,664 6, ,588 24,. 551 6,843 8,623 6,716 16, .591 $405 1,001 9,062 330,358 60,941 32,152 102,817 -'■,7'2') 31,610 4,307 9,956 2,185 3,715 8,798 16,404 7,9.55 8,111 3,609 21, 187 Spain $127 84,271 269,425 67, 273 29,406 145,374 17,094 21,678 962 8,979 1,472 8,98:j 8,769 21,646 39, 137 12,965 12,408 22,458 $19,105 640,083 353,718 102,710 6-1,997 413, 1,34 39,097 47,955 4,866 49,730 7,186 43, 148 27,277 33, 1,50 64,090 5,797 97,934 154,267 $i3,7ii 465,685 566,775 96,531 6,5,329 510,718 72,343 68,728 21,622 48,961 7,029 71,642 25,460 58,821 86, .566 7,167 72,546 175,976 $6,230 United Kingdom 103,485 Canada 640,257 Mexico 194,378 Central .\raerican States Cuba 97,955 973,701 Argentina 46,702 68,247 Chile 29,421 54,4,53 Uruguay 4,619 39,429 British India 36,816 Australia and Tasmania 63,936 93,508 Philippine Islands Briti.sh South Africa 8,266 49,698 All other 160,791 Total 808,327 711,353 772,427 2,168,244 2,435,610 2,671,892 1 Included in all other glassware prior to 1913. 52 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Glassicare, bottles, devxi Johns, carboys, jars — Domestic exports (calendar years) . Exported tc France Spain United Kingdom Canada Panama Mexico Trinidad and Tobago Cuba Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia $2,522 9,321 33,527 583,586 51,958 84,516 25,359 1,410,245 36, 321 68, 851 28,854 48,478 S59, 19, 1,294, 721, 34, 134, 17, 1,916, 132, 108, 31, 68, Exported tc Peru Venezuela China British India Hongkong New Zealand Australia British South Africa Another Total $10,302 15,712 22, 579 31,546 14, 70S 117,633 46,415 39, 569 99, 074 2,781,076 $55,295 16,520 41,712 65,479 17,546 124,950 99,606 74,320 249,066 5,283,655 Glass, bottles, vials, demijohns, and carboys — Net price, wholesale per gross — Automatic machine made bottles. FOR GRAPE JUICE AND CATSUP. [From Owens Bottle Machine Co.] Capacity. Weight. 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Bulk. Crate. Bulk. Crate. Bulk. Crate. Bulk. Crate. Bulk. Crate. 4 ounces Ounces. 5h 7i 9 14 23 $1.70 1.90 2.15 2.85 4.00 $1.80 2.10 2.35 3.10 4.75 $1.70 1.90 2.15 2.85 4.00 SI. 80 2.10 2.35 3.10 4.75 $1.70 1.90 2.15 2.85 4.00 $1.80 2.10 2.35 3.10 4.50 $1.70 1.85 2.10 2.65 3.85 $1.80 2.05 2.30 2.90 4.35 $1.70 SI. 80 Slounces 1. 95 2. 15 10 ounces 2.20 2.85 4.00 2.40 3.10 32 ounces 4.50 BEER BOTTLES USED FOR MALT BEVERAGES. Capacity. 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Pints $2.75 $2.75 $2.65 S2.75 $2.75 PRESCRIPTION BOTTLES USED FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES. Fluid capacity. i ounce.. 1 ounce . . 2 ounces . 3 ounces. 4 ounces., 6 ounces. , 7 ounces. . 8 ounces. , 12 ounces Price. $6.50 7.00 7.75 9.50 10.75 12.25 12.75 14.00 18.00 1913 Per cent. 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 Discounts. 1914 Per cent. 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 1915 Per cent. 85+10 85+10 85+10 85+10 85+10 85+10 85+10 85+10 85+10 1916 1917 Per cent. Per cent. 85+10 80+20 85+10 80+20 85+10 80+20 85+10 80+20 85+10 SO+20 85+10 80+20 85+10 80+20 85+10 80+20 85+10 80+20 Illustration of discounts. — ^After deducting 85 per cent, or $5.52, from the list price of $6.50 per gross for one-half ounce bottles (the first item) the net selling price in 1913 was 98 cents per gross. In 1917, after deducting 80 per cent from .|6.50, or $5.20, the difference was $1.30, from which is deducted 20 per cent, or 26 cents, the net Belling price then being $1.04. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Glass bottles, vials, demijohns, and carboys — Rates of duly. 53 Act of— Par. Tariff classification or description. Kates of duty, sppcilic and ad valorem. 1883 1890 133 103 1890 I 104 1894.... 1897.... 99 1909 97 Green and colored glass bottles, vials, demijohns, and carboys (covered or imcovered), pickle or pre>;or\e jars, and other plain, molded, or pressed green and colored bottle glass, not cut, engraved, or painted, and not especially enumerated or or provided for in this act. If filled and not otherwise in this act provided for, said articles shall pay. Green and colored, molded or pres.'^ed, and flint and lime glass bottles holding more than 1 pint, and demijohns and car- boys (covered or uncovered), and other molded or pressed green and colored and (lint or lime bottle glassware, not specially provided for in this aol. Green, and colored, molded or pressed, and flint and lime glass bottles, and vials holding not more than 1 pint, and not less than one-(mar(or of a pint. If holding less than one-fourth of a pint All articl es enumerated in the prec eding paragraph, it filled, and and not otherwise provifleil for in this act, and the contents are subject to an ad valorem rate of duly or to a rile of duty based upon the value, the value of such botti s, vials, or other vessels shall be added to the value of the contents for the ascer- tainment of the dutiable value of the latter; but if filled and not otherwise provided for in this act. and the contents are not subject 10 an ad valorem rate of duly or to rate of duty based on the vahif, or are free of duty, such bottles, vials, or other vessels shall pay, in addition to the duty, if any, on their con- tents, the rates of duty prescribed in the preceding paragraph: Provided, That no article manufactured from glass described in the preceding paragrapli shall pay a less rate of duty than 40 per cent ad valorem. Green and colored, molded or pressed and flint and lime glass bottles holding more than 1 pint, and demijohns and carboys, covered or uncovered, whether filled or unfilled and whether their contents be dutiable or free, and other molded or pressed green and colored and flint or lime bottle glassware, not spe- cially provided for in this act. And vials holding not more than 1 pint and not less than one- quarter of a pint. If holding less than one-fourth of a pint All other plain green and colored, molded or pressed, and flint lime and glassware. Plain green ur colored, molded or pres.sed, and flint, lime, or load glass bottles, vials, jars, and covered or uncovered demijolms and carboys, any of the foregoing, filled or unfilled, not other- wise specially provided for, and whether their contents be duti- able or free ("except .^uch as contain mercluindise subjet t to an ad valorem rate of duty, or to a rate of duty ba^od in whole or in part upon the value thereof, wliich shall be dutiable at the rate applicable to their contents), shall pay duty as follows: If holding more than 1 pint. If holding not more than 1 pint and not less than one-fourth of a pint 1 f holding le.ss tlian one-fourth of a pint Provided, That none of the above articles shall pay a less rate of duty than 40 per cont ad valorem. Plain green or colored, molded or pressed, and flint, lime, or lead glass bottles, vials, jars, imd covered or uncovered demijohns and carboys, any of the foregoing, filled or unfilled, not other- wise specially provided for in this section, and wlutlicr llicir contents be dutiable or free (except such as contain merchandise subject to an ad valorem rate of duly or to a rate of duty based in whole or in part upon the value thereof, wliich .shall be duti- able at the rate applicable to their contents) shall pay duty as follows: If holding more than one pint If holding not more than one pint and not less than one- fourth of a pint. If holding less than one-fourth of a pint Provided, That none of the above artichs shall pay a ;ess rate of duty than 40 per cent ail valorem; rrovided further. That the terms Iwtllcs, vials, jars, deiiiijohns, and carboys, as used herein, shall be restricted to such articles when suit- able for use as and of the character ordinarily eiiiiiloyed as containers fur the holding or lr:iusj>orl ;i( ion of merchandise, and not as appliances or iinj)lenients in chemical or other operations. 1 cent per pound. 30 per cent ad valorem in addition to the duty on contents. 1 cent per pound. U cent per pound. 50 cents per gross. J cent per pound. IJ cents per pound. 40 cents per gross. 40 per cent ad valorem. 1 cent per pound. li cents per pound. 50 cents per gross. 1 cent per pound, li cent per pound. 50 cents per gross. 54 TARIFF INFOrt^IATTON SURVEYS. Glass bottles, vials, demijohns, and carboys — Rates of duty — Continued. Act of- Par. Tariff classification or description. Rates of duty, specific and ad valorem. 1913 83 Plain green or colored, molded or pressed, and flint, lime, or lead glass bottles, vials, jars, and covered and uncovered demijohns, and carboys, and any of the foregoing, filled or unfilled, not otherwise specially provided for in this section, and whether their contents be dutiable or free (except such as contam mer- chandise sulijoet to an ad valorem rate of fluty or to a rate of duty based in whole or in part upon the value thereof which shafl be dutiable at the rate applicable to their contents). Provided, That the terms bottles, vials, demijohns, jars, and carboys, as used herein, shall be restricted to sucli articles when"suitable for use as and of the character ordinarily em- ployed as containers for the holding or transportation of merchandise, and not as appHances or instruments in chemical or other operations. 30 per cent ad valorem. Court and Treasury Decisions. Plain green or colored flint, lime, or lead-glass bottles, suitable for use and of the character ordinarily employed as containers for the holding or transportation of merchandise, come within paragraph 83 rather than paragraph 84. (T. D. 32728, of 1912.) Such bottles containing merchandise subject to an ad valorem rate of duty or to a duty based in whole or in part upon the value thereof are dutiable at the rate applicable to their contents but in case of compound rates at the ad valorem rate only. (G. A. 4812, T. D. 22621, of 1900.) Nonrefillahle bottles. — The value of the nonrefillable device is in- cluded in determining the value of nonrefillable bottles. But the wooden tops, outer foil, insert corks, and labels used for the proper packing and protection of the bottles during transportation, and not needed for the proper use of the bottles as containers, were held to be parts of neither the bottles nor the nonrefillable device. (T. D. 35839, of 1915; Dra/, & Co. v. United States, 8 Ct. Cust. Appls., 382, of 1918.) See also survey upon paragraph 84. BLOWN AND PRESSED WARE. Summary. descriptiox. Impoi'tcnl blov.-n and pressed glassware, iiu-hiding stcnnvare, tumblers, goblets, decanters, cologne bottles, lighting ware, etc., cut, ornamented, engraved, frosted, etc., and bottles and bottle glass- ware, blown either in a mold or otherwise, filled or unfdled, are dutiable under the tariff act of 1913 at 45 per cent ad valorem. Undecorated pressed ware is classified as a manufacture of glass n. s. p. f. DOMESTIC PRODTTCTIOX. Pressed and blown ware, valued at S;>(),279,290, was produced in 1914 in the United States. In 1917 the increase in quantity of pro- duction over 1914 was about 16 per cent and in value about 87 per cent. The 1917 production was made by 113 companies, operat- ing 129 factories in 11 States and employing 8,282 skilled workmen. The increase in production in 1914 over that of 1904 was 37.9 per cent and the output v.-as 24.6 per cent of the total production of all kinds of glass. RATES OF DUTY. Act of 1883, 45 per cent ad valorem; act of 1890, 60 per cent ad valorem; act of 1894, 40 per cent ad valorem; act of 1897, 60 per cent ad valorem; act of 1909, 60 per cent ad valorem; act of 1913, 45 per cent ad valorem. TARIFF CONSIDERATIONS. The figures of production, imports, and exports for the blown and pressed ware branch of the industry for tiie fiscal year emling June 30, 1914, show that there was little foreign competition in tlie do- mestic market in many lines. American factory production amounted to $30,279,290. Domestic producers exported $2,671,164, or 8.8 per cent, while the imports amounted to $2,216,021, or 7.3 per cent of the value of domestic production. The great expansion in the pro- duction of the different groups of articles in the period 1904 to 1914 is a further itidication of healthy domestic conditions. The pioduction of stem ware and blown tund)lers increased 81 j)ercent, that of cut- glass ware 255 per cent, gas and electrical lighting ware 129 and 450 per cent, respectively, jellies tund)lers and goblets, 125 per cent. Tableware, with no competitive importations, increased 21 per cent. Lamp chimneys and lantern globes used in the burning of kerosene oil decreased in volume during the jteriod, owing to diminished demand for them. 55 56 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. In cortain groups of articles foreign competition has been felt, particularly in fine grades of lilown ware and decorated blown ware, 34 per cent of the i!n]H)rts coming from Austria and 28 per cent from Germany in 1914. Following the passage of the tariff act of 1913, the ini])orts of bottles, decanters, and other glassware, cut or orna- mented, increased from $1,032,948 in 1913 to $1,151,875 in 1914, or 11 .5 per cent. Complaint is made that the imposing of the higher rate of duty of paragraph 84 on blown stemware of 45 per cent, which manufac- turers claim was intended in the framing of the tariff act, was nulli- fied by court decisions, by which it takes the lower rate of duty of 30 per cent. The manufacturers' view had been taken by the customs officers, as they classified plain stemmed glassware with blown bowl and molded stem and foot under paraOTaph 98 of the act of 1909 and paragraph 84 of the act of 1913 as glassware composed wholly or in chief value of blown glass. Upon the importer's appeal, however, the stem and foot were declared more valuable, and the glassware was held dutiable as a manufacture of glass under paragraph 109 of the act of 1909 and paragraph 95 of the act of 1913. American manufac- turers urge that the intent of the law be clearly defined in the tariff act. A restoration of the tariff rate of 1909 was suggested by a manufacturer of thin blown ware. Fifty per cent of thin blown ware has been imported. For lighting ware, a representative manu- facturer, familiar with German conditions, stated that, if wages in Europe were increased 100 per cent, we would not need a tariff, as such an increase would wipe out the disparity so far as competition with us is concerned. The different groups of ware, such as chemical ware, lighting ware, thin blown ware, and pressed tableware, covered by paragraph 84 might be specifically named and defined in the tariff act. Summary table. Year. Doniestic production. Imports for con- sumption. Domestic exports.! Value (im- ports for con- sumption). •Amount of duty. Actual or equiva- lent ad valorem rate. 1910 ?1, 700, 281. 37 2,026,174.14 2,078,851.09 2,109,710.73 2,223,389.63 1,331,697.00 614,928.00 561,422.00 649,346.00 464,323.00 778,214.00 $1,700,281.37 2,026,174.14 2,078,851.09 2,109,710.73 2,223,389.63 1,331,697.00 614,926.00 561,422.00 649,346.00 464,323.00 778,214.00 $1,020,099.83 1,215,702.08 1,247,281.62 1,261,192.07 1,074,429.53 595, 584. 45 276,715.53 252,610.92 292,205.70 208,687.05 349,595.70 Percent. 60.00 1911 60.00 1912 60.00 1913 59.78 1914 $30,279,290.00 48.32 1915 44.72 1918 45.00 1917 45.00 1918 45.00 1918 2 44.94 1919 2 44.92 > Domestic exports are included in "all other" exports. 2 Calendar years. tariff information surveys. 57 General Information, tariff classification. 84. Glass bottles, decanters, and all articles of every description composed wholly or in chief value of glass, ornamented or decorated in any manner, or cut, engraved, painted, decorated, ornamented, colored, stained, silvered, gilded, etched, sand blasted, frosted, or printed in any manner, or ground (except such grinding as is neces- sary for fitting stoppers or for purposes other than ornamentation) , and all articles of every description, including bottles, and bottle glassware, composed wholly or in chief value of glass blown cither in a mold or otherwise; all of the foregoing, not specially provided for in this section, filled or unfilled, and \\diether their contents be dutiable or free, 45 per centum ad valorem: Provided, That for the purposes of this act, bottles with cut-glass stoppers shall, with the stoppers, be deemed entireties. Par. 95. Incandescent electric-light bulbs and lamps, with or with- out filaments: and all glass or manufactures of glass or paste or of which glass or paste is the component material of chief value, not speciall}' provided for in this section, 30 per centum ad valorem, DESCRIPTION. The classes of ware and the rate of dut}* specified in paragraph 84 of the tariff act of 1913 are as follows: Glass bottles, decanters, and all articles of every description composed wholly or in chief value of glass, ornamented or decorated in any manner, or cut, engraved, painted, decorated, ornamented, colored, stained, silvered, gilded, etched, sand blasted, frosted, or printed in any manner, or ground (except such grinding as is necessary for fitting stoppers or for pur- poses other tlian ornamentation) and all articles of every description, including bottles and bottle glassware, composed wholl^y or in chief value of glass blown either in a mold or otner'^'ise; all of the fore- going, not specially provided for in this section, filled or unfilled, and whether their contents be dutiable. or free, 45 per cent ad valorem: Provided, That for the purposes of this act, bottles with cut-glass stoppers shall, with the stoppers, be deemed entireties. Chemical glassware is omitted here, as it is treated in a separate Tariff Information Survey. The principal groups of glassware of American manufacture con- sidered in the fijcing of the rate of duty upon competitive foreign products in paragraph 84 of the act of 1913 are the following: Pressed table glassware, lighting glassware; blown (uml)lers, stem- ware, and bar goods; lamps and lamp chimneys; cut glass antl deco- rated ware; pressed jellies, tumblers, and goblets. (See p. 72 for list of blown and pressed ware made in American factories.) DOMESTIC PRODUCTION. In 1917 there were 113 companies operating 129 pressed and blown ware factories, 7 of which used automatic machines and 16 used semiautomatic machines. These factories were in 11 States, includ- 58 TARIFF IXFOEMATION SURVEYS. ing Massachusetts in the East and Okhihoma in the West. In 1910, 8,282 skilled workmen, members of the Flint Glass Workers' Union, were making pressed and blown ware. Materials. — ^The materials used are sand, soda ash, lime, lead, htharge, and albana, all of domestic origin; carbonate of potash from Germany ( before the war) ; nitrate of soda from Chile ; manganese from Russia; antimony from France and Japan; arsenic from Eng- land; and powdered blue from Germany. For making crystal and cut glass, other materials used are red lead, saltpeter, and barium. Methods of 'production.— l^\\\rij-io\xv per cent of the pressed and blown ware factories make tableware, and some of these make cut- glass bar goods and chemical ware. Thirty-one per cent make lighting goods and tableware, and some lighting goods manufac- turers also make lamp chimneys. Tableware is made in large quantities by a pressing process; the article takes its form from a mold under the pressure of a plunger, the exterior surface being modeled b}^ the mold and the interior sur- face by the plunger. A large proportion of tableware is also blown or made in paste mold machines. A paste mold is made of iron, and is coated inside with a paste of carbon. The blower gathers the molten glass and blows it in the mold which he opens and closes with his foot. Only ware of a round shape, which can be rotated in the mold, can be made in a paste mold. Full}' 90 per cent of all blown glassware is produced in a mold. Lighting ware is made either by blowing or by pressing. In blown goods the articles are either handmade (blown offhand without the aid of a mold) or are blown in a mold. In all blown glassware the blowpipe is used as a gathering rod. Lighting ware is ornamented by sand blasting, etching, cutting, painting, or by a combination of these. Lamp chimneys are blown offhand without the aid of molds, or are blown in a paste mold, or made by machine. There are two kinds of cut glass, light or engraved, and heavy or deep cut. Articles such as stem ware, vases, bowls, nappies, plates, bonbons, colognes, etc., are cut or engraved in designs ranging from the cheap, common, unpolished wheel engraving to elaborate designs known as rock crystal. Heavy oi* deep cut glass is of two grades, one cut on blown blanks, the other cut on pressed or mold blanks. Pressed or molded blanks can be used only for open pieces such as bowls, plates, etc. Pressed lime blanks with designs partially made in the mold are imitations of real lead blank cut glass. American deep cut glassware, famous foi its superior qualities, surpasses that of other countries for crystal brilliancy and sharpness of cutting. Organization. — -In 1916 in 8 blown tableware establishments, the capital employed in the business was .$1,642,881 and the value of land, buildings, and equipment was $786,030. In 20 blown and Eressed tableware establishments, the capital employed in the usiness was $7,691,784 and the value of land, buildings, and equip- ment was $4,314,405. In 18 lighting goods establishments, the capital employed in business was $12,062,347 and the value of land, buildings, and equipment was $7,425,008. In 6 lamp chimney estab- lishments, tlie capital employed in the business was $730,454 and the value of the land, buildings, and equipment was $431,794. The net sales of the blown tableware establishments were $1,820,229; of blown and pressed tableware,$8, 125, 077; of lighting goods, $10,962,041 ; TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 59 and of the 6 lamp chimney establishments, 91,230,578. The highest percentage of profit on capital invested in the 8 blown tableware establishments was 30.43, and the average profit was 10.34 per cent. In the 20 blowTi and pressed tableware establishments, the highest percentage of profit on capital invested was 29.26: the average profit was one-tenth of 1 per cent, and the greatest loss was 30.89 per cent. In the IS lighting goods establishments, the highest profit on capital invested was 40.1 per cent, and the average was 10.25 per cent. In the 6 lamp chimney establishments, tlie highest profit on capital invested was 27.51 per cent, and the average profit was 4.86 per cent.^ Domestic production amJ consumption. — The production of pressed and blown w^are w^as valued at S30,279,290 in 1914. This was an increase of 37.9 per cent over 1904, and was 24.6 per cent of the total production of glass of all kinds in 1914. In the 10-year period 1904 to 1914 there was a slight falling off in the production of lamp chim- neys, less than 1 per cent, and in that of lantern globes a decrease of 22.7 per cent; but in electrical and gas lighting ware there were in- creases of 450.3 per cent and 129.7 per cent, res])ectivcly. Tableware production increased 21 per cent; goblets, tumblers, and jelly glasses, 145.6 per cent; opal ware, 324.9 per cent; and cut glassware, 255.8 per cent. The imports of pressed and blown ware from 1911 to 1914, inclu- sive, were a little over SI, 250, 000 annually, the maximum being in 1911, SI, 313, 457. The production of general tableware, lighting ware, and lamp chimneys is sufficient to supply domestic consump- tion. The severest competition has been on thin blown ware such as stem ware, goblets, tumblers, etc. Domestic exports. — The value of the exports of tableware, cut glass, lighting ware, etc., in 1914, was S2, 071, 164. In 1917, they amounted to S5, 41 1,995, an increase of 102.6 per cent. England, Canada, Cuba, South America, and many other countries took increased quantities. From 1914 to 1917 the increase in value to Canada, was 41 per cent; to Cuba, 227.6 per cent; to Argentina and other South American countries, 371.6 per cent; to Japan and other Asiatic countries, 556 per cent; to Australia and other Oceanic and to African countries, 77.9 per cent. The increases are largely due to cessation of prockiction in European glass producing countries. FOREIGN PRODUCTION. Statistics of foreign production are not available. The export trade of the European glass producing countries is an inck'X of their potential power as competitors. Their exports of ail kinds of glassware in 1913 had a value of 893,500,000. Of this total (ier- many exported 30.3; Belgium, 21.6; Austria, IS.S; France, 10; Xeth- erlands, 9.8, and the United Kingdom, 9.5 per cent. Forty per cent of the European exports was of hollow glassware. The exports of all glass products to the United States was a little over 1 per ceiU of the total. ' While several of the 113 companies operate two or more factories and have large capacities, none controls a dominating proportion of the output, or can exercise a price-fixing influence. 60 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. IMPORTS. Very little pressed tableware has been imported, in fact considera- ble quantities were exported before the war began. Imported pressed ware consists largely of door knobs. There have been con- siderable inportations of fine grades of blown ware and decorated blown ware. ^lost of this is stem ware. Many plain goblets come from France. Ornamented tumblers, etched, cut or colored, and also highly decorated and colored articles, such as oil and vinegar cruets, sugars and creams, salts and peppers, and cologne bottles used to come from Austria. Some also came from Germany. For the fiscal year 1913, under the tariff act of 1909, the value of the imports of blown and pressed ware (including ware dutiable in paragraphs other than par. 84) was S3, 006, 621 ; and for the fiscal year 1914, mainly under the tariff act of 1913, the value of the imports of the ware was S3, 387, 853, including the interim imports from Julv 1 to October 1, 1913, of S670,839. Nearly 70 per cent of the imports of 1913, and 65 per cent of those of 1914, were blown ware or decorated blown and pressed ware, dutiable in 1913 at 60 per cent and in 1914 at 45 per cent ad valorem. Incandescent lamps with metal filament constituted the bulk of the remainder in both years. The value of the imports of cut or ornamented glassware imported for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, was $1,151,875, and of this 34.5 per cent was from Austria: 27.9 per cent from Germany; 13.9 per cent from Belgium; 10 per cent from France; 9.6 per cent from England; and less than 4 per cent from other countries. PRICES. The increases in the average net selling prices f. o. b. factor}' of staple articles of pressed and blown ware from 1913 to 1917 were as follows: Blown tumblers, 132 per cent; pressed goblets, 120 per cent; plain nappy, 70 per cent; packers jelly, 40 per cent; pitcher, common -^-gallon, 37 per cent: nappie, 4-inch, 60 per cent: tumblers, common, 2-pint, 17 per cent. TARIFF HISTORY. While the same groups of glassware have been retained in similar paragraphs during the past 35 years, there have been five changes m the rates of duty. The act of 1883 fixed the rate at 45 per cent ad valorem; that of 1890 at 60 per cent ad valorem; that of 1894 at 40 per cent ad valorem; that of 1897 restored the 1890 rate of 60 per cent, and this was retained in the act of 1909, while that of 1913 fixed the rate the same as that of 1883, at 45 per cent ad valorem. The fluctuations in rates of duty apparently did not affect imports, which have been uniform as a rule. TARIFF CONSIDERATIONS. Manufacturers of electric and gas lighting glassware have called to the attention of the Tariff Commission the fact that, although their industry has grown to very large proportions in the past 40 years, the phraseology of the tariff law affecting them has undergone little TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 61 change. Without classifying their product or naming it, the prac- tice has been to group lighting ware with certain kinds of bottles and other ware. Paragi-aphs in the tariff acts enumerate window glass, plate glass, and other kinds separately. The manufacture of electrical lighting goods increased from a production of 1,901,415 dozen in 1904 to 10,461,843 dozen in 1914, an increase of 450 per cent; increase in gas lighting ware was 129 per cent. The president of the American Flint Glass Workers' Union stated that there is European competition in the United States with Ameri- can-made ''paste mold ware, shades, globes, tumblers, stem ware, electric bulbs, etc.," and that the wages of European glassworkers were 20 per cent less on goods made for export to the United States than for continent anips do. . Chimneys do. . Lantern globes do. . Globes and other electrical goods do. . Shades, globes, and other gas goods do.. Blown tumblers, stem ware, and bar goods do. . Opal ware do.. Cut ware do. . Decorated glassware do. . 1904 956, 158 283,974 346, 214 487,017 039,756 765, 247 901,415 878, 244 2S2, 606 0!)1,20S 83,736 1914 279,290 554,056 030, 243 580, 196 989,624 363, 562 461,843 016,800 377,310 636,051 297,957 158,077 Per cent of increase. 37.91 21.03 145. 44 19.14 0.72 o 22. 74 4.50. 33 129. 65 81.08 324. 94 255.81 a Decrease. f> Not shown separately in 1904. Pressed and blown glassware (bottles, decanters, and other glassware cut or ornamented) — Imports by countries (fiscal years). Imported from— 1911 « 1912 $231, 721 172,356 143,287 319,431 80,701 1,721 52,325 1913 1914 1916 1916 Austria-Hungary $423,616 136,468 190,027 380, 074 84,602 8,727 89,343 $299,978 141,436 115,232 332,809 107,416 2,719 33,358 $397,028 159,641 118,848 321,360 111,168 7,509 36,321 $139,097 30,886 84,597 170,370 86,364 8,318 ai.soo $23, 674 Belgium 2,498 France 70,350 Germany 35,185 United Kingdom 103,298 Japan 12,229 Another 35,549 Total 1,313,457 1,001,542 1,032,948 1,151,875 545,222 282,783 Imported f rom— 1917 1918 19186 1919 ft $762 $33,749 $5,675 101,860 4,326 France i65,877 1,591 111,744 11,808 76,047 $i6i,653 50 68,598 32,421 21,247 200,424 43,301 United kingdom 65,688 41,367 47,401 63,900 Japan 30,447 All other 65,086 Total 307,819 261,991 223,367 441,233 a Included in all other glassware prior to 1911. ft Calendar year. I See testimony in vorification, p. 143: "The Glass Industry as Affected by the Wir." 62 TARIFF IXFORAIATIOX SURVEYS. Pressed and blown glassware (all other)— Imports by countries (fiscal years). Imported from- 1910 Austria-Hungary S910, 288 Belgium 206, 377 France 792, 435 Germany 1,267,006 United Kingdom ' 254, 043 Japan 37, 456 All other 74, 484 Total 3,542,089 1911 $444,969 150, 733 517,401 1,131,460 207,453 6,540 31, 096 1912 $654, 125 35,150 247, 670 902,473 151, 940 5,284 40,927 2,489,652 2,037,669 1913 $590, 31, 204, 1,049, 233, 5, 47, 1914 2,162,403 1 2,468,128 1915 $531,095 $345,525 130,241 11,057 249,510 130,642 1,258,150 839,213 226,296 195,331 6,637 10,548 66, 199 79,524 1,611,840 Imported from- 1916 1917 1918 1918 » Austria-Hungary Belgium France Germany United Kingdom Japan Another Total $51, 1, 96, 182, 146, 22, 67, $1,283 109,586 6,924 191,070 59, 384 73, 157 $150 85,398 542 207,711 273, 765 72,952 $43,585 1,020 172,313 219, 983 30,364 $52,495 14,935 55, 169 92,486 170,473 169,425 57, 680 566, 369 441,404 640,518 467,265 612, 663 1 Calendar year. Porcelain, opal, and other blown glassware— Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. 1907.. 1907 1 1908.. 19081 1909.. 60 per cent 60 per cent less 20 per cent. 60 per cent 60 per cent less 20 per cent. 60 per cent Quantity. Value. $243, 908. 35 12. 00 313,655.95 2.00 108,671.56 Duty collected. $146,345.01 5.76 188,192.57 .96 65, 202. 94 Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Per cent. 60.00 48.00 60.00 48.00 60.00 1 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. All articles of every description, including bottles and bottle glassware, composed wholly or in chief value of glass, blown, either in a mold or otherwise, n. s. p. f. — Imports for con- sumption — Re venue . Fiscal year. Rates of duly. Quantity. Value. Duties collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1910 60 per cent .?:613,957.36 684,177.87 1,015,442.25 1,072,248.52 642.00 93.00 10.00 223,782.61 775,908.60 418.00 4,757.00 739,353.00 1,286.00 304,468.00 259,496.00 381,898.00 168,130.00 $368,374.42 410,506.72 609,265.35 643,349.11 Per cent. 60.00 1911 do 60.00 1912 do 60.00 1913 do 60.00 19131 Duty remitted 1913J do 19133 60 per cent to 20 per cent. 60 per cent 4.80 134,269.57 349, 158. 88 48.00 1914 < 60.00 1914 ■ 45 percent 45 00 191466 Free, sec. IV, J5... 191451 Free 1915 45 percent 332,708.85 45.65 19151 Free 1916 45 percent 137,010.60 116,773.20 171,854.10 75,658.50 45.00 1917 . . do 45 00 1918 do 45.00 1918' do 45.00 1 Forthe use of the United States. 2 Panama Act. 3 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. < July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. 6 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 8 For construction and equipment of vessels. ' Calendar year Jan. 1 to June 30. 1918. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 63 GJassirare, blown, either in a mold or otherwise, n. s. p. f.— Imports for consumption — Revenue. BOTTLES AND BOTTLE GLASSWARE. Calendar year. Rates of duty. Quantity. Value. Duties collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 19181 45 per cent do Pounds. 72,322 $9,811.00 40,159.00 54,414.95 18,071.55 $0. 136 .447 Per cent. 45.00 1919 89,921 45.00 TABLEWARE AND BAR GLASS. 1918» 45 per cent do Piece. 31,787 910,756 S8, 939. 00 83,626.00 $4,022.55 37,631.70 $0,281 .092 Per cent. 45.00 1919 45.00 CHIMNEYS FOR OIL LAMPS. 19181 45 per cent do Number. 144 ..; 11,104 S12.00 1,252.00 S5.40 563.40 SO. 083 .112 Per cent. 45.00 1919 45. OC GLOBES AND SHADES FOR GAS AND ELECTRIC LIGHTS. 191S1 45 per cent .. do Number. 6 56,067 $2.00 2,433.00 $0.90 1,094.85 $0. 333 .043 Per cerit. 45.00 1919 45. 00 BULBS FOR INCANDESCENT LAMPS AND TUBES FOR MAKING THEM. Pounds. Per cent. 1919 do 670 $280. 00 $126.00 $0. 418 45. 00 ALL OTHER ARTICLES. 19181. 1919.. 45 per cent. do Number. 2,032,736 4,815,065 $61,241.00 217,416.00 $27, 558. 45 97, 837. 20 $0,030 .045 Per cent. 45.00 45.00 iJuIyl to Dec. 31,1918. Bottles, decanters, or other vessels or nrticlcs of glass, cut, engraved, painted, colored, stained, silvered, gilded, etched, frosted, printed in any manner or otherwise ornamented, decorated, or ground {except such grinding as is necessary for fitting stoppers), and any articles of which such gla.ss is the component material of chief value— Imports for con- sumption — Itevenne. Fiscal year. 1907.. 19071. 1908.. 1909.. 1909 1. Rale of duty. 60 per cent 60 per cent less 20 percent 60 per cent do 60 per cent less 20 per cent Duty remitted Quantity. Value. «1, 742, 333. 07 8.18 1,463,466.03 1,267,705.42 4.00 10. 00 Duty collected. {1,045,399.86 3.93 878,079.59 760,623.25 1.92 Value per unit of quantity. Actual and con»i>uU' 8 Free. (Sec. IV, I J5) 19141-' Free. Art. 636, C.R Quantity. Value. $1,086, 1,341, 1,063 209. 01 115.00 , 976. 27 20.00 338.84 38.00 5.00 27.00 1,029,730.21 24.00 ,917.00 ,046.00 791. 54 536.88 4, 2, 290, 925, 96.00 003.00 ,096.00 Duly collected. $651,725.41 "805," 185.' 76' 9.60 638,003.31 12.96 617, 838. 16 174, 474. 92 416,491.60 34.56 Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rale. Per cent. 60 60 45 36 ' For use of foreign ministers. 2 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. ^ From Philippine Islands. < For the use of the United States. 6 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. ' Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 8 For construction and equipment of vessels. BottUs, decanters, and all articles of every description, composed wholly or in chief valu, of glass, ornamented or decorated in any manner, or cut, engraved, painted, decoratede ornamented, colored, stained, silvered, gilded, etched, sand-blasted, frosted, or printed in any manner, or ground (except such grinding as is necessary for fitting stoppers or for purposes other than ornamentation), n. s. p.f. — Imports for consumption — Bevenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rati 1915 $584,168.00 3.00 1,394.00 781.00 719.00 3,993.00 310, 445. 00 13.00 301,604.00 322.00 267,448.00 144,830.00 $262,875.60 Per cent. 45 19151 Free. Sec. IV, J5 19152 Free. See. IV, K. 19153 Free. Act636,C.R. 1915< Free... . 19155 do . ... 1916 45 per cent 139,700.25 4.68 135,721.80 115.92 120,351.60 65,173.50 45 1916« 45 per cent-20 per cent. 45 per cent 36 1917 45 19176 45 per ccnt-20 per cent. 36 1918 45 1918' do 45 1 Forcinstructionand equipment of vessels. ' Forsupplics of vessels. 3 For use of foreign ministers. < For use of the United States. ° From Philippine Islands. 5 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. ' Calendar year: Jan. 1 to June 30, 1918. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 65 Glasstcare of every description, composed, etc., of glass, ornamented or decorated in any manner, or cut, engraved, painted, decorated, ornamented, colored, stained, silvertd, gilded, etched, sand-blasted, frosted, or printed in any manner, or ground {except such grinding as is necessary for fitting stoppers or for purposes other than ornamentation), n. s. p.f. — BottUs and decanters— Imports for consumption — Revenue. Calendar year. Eate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 19181 1919 Pieces. 45 per cent 258, 137 do 1,308,045 $33,772.00 190,431.00 $15,197.40 85,693.95 $0,131 .146 Per cent. 45 45 1 July 1 to Dec. 31,1918. Glassware of every description, composed, etc., of glass, ornamented or decorated in any manner, or cut, engraved, painted, decorated, ornamented, colored, stained, silvered, gilded, etched, sand-hlas>ted, frosted, or printed in any manner, or ground {except such grinding as is necessary for fitting stoppers or for purposes other than ornamentation), n. s. p.f.- — Candlesticks, candelabra, chandeliers and parts of. and other articles that can be used in connection with artificial methods r>f illumination, n. s. p. f. — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Calendar year. Rate of duty. Quantity. ^ Value. 1 Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. .\ctualand computed ad valorem rate. 19181 45 per cent do Pieces. 1,059 $390.00 52, 416 6, 142. 00 $175.50 2,763.90 $0,368 .117 Per cent. 45 1919 45 1 July 1 to Dec. 31, 1918. Glassivare of every description, etc., ornamented, etc. — Globes and shades, for gas and electric lights — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Calendar year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 191S1 1919. 45 per cent . ..do Pieces. 2,647 487 $271.00 427.00 $121.95 192.15 $0,102 .877 Per cent. 45 45 1 July 1 to Dec. 31,1918. Glassware of every description, etc, ornamented, etc. — Tableware and bar glass— Imports for cons umplion — Revenue. Calendar year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. 1 Dntv Value per i Actual and computed ad vulorem rate. 1918' 45 per cent . . do Pieces. 14,020 466,440 $14, 880. 00 98,313.00 $6,696.00 $1,061 44,240.85 .211 Percent. 4& 1919 4& 1 July 1 to Dec. 31, 1918. 47578— 21— B-9- 66 T^VEIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Glassware of every description, etc., ornamented, etc. — All other articles — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Calendar year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1918' 1919 45 per cent do Pieces. 236, 814 2, 213, 732 ?20, 323. 00 133,731.00 $9,145.3.5 60, 178. 95 SO. 086 .060 Per cent. 45 45 1 July 1 to Deo. 31, 1918. Glassivare, molded or pressed — Candlesticks, candelabra, and thandcliers. and parts of, and other articles that can be used in connection with artificial victhodk of illumitiativn n. s. p.f. — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Calendar year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1918' 30 per cent do Pieces. 1.5,583 375 $1, 709. 00 840. 00 S512. 70 252. 00 SO. 148 2.240 Per cent. 30 1919 30 I July 1 to Dec. 31, 1918. Glassware, molded or pressed — Globes and shades for gas and electric lights — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Calendar year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1918 1 30 per cent do Pieces. 34 1,011 S13. 00 365. 00 S3. 90 109. 50 $0. 382 .361 Per cent. 30 1919 30 1 July 1 to Dec. 31, 1918. Glassware, molded or pressed — Tableware and bar glass — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Calendar year 1919: Rate of duty, 30 percent; 42,562 pieces: value, S2, 799; duty collected, S839.70; value per unit of quantity, S0.066; actual and computed ad valorem rate, 30 percent. All other manufactures of glass or paste, or of which glass or paste shall be the component material of chief value, n. s. p.f. — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. 1907.. 19071. 1908. . 19081. 1909.. 1909'. 1909 2. 1910. . 1910 1. 1911.. 1911'. 1912. . 1912 I. 1913.. 19131. 1913 3. 1914 <. Rate of duty. 45 per cent 45 less 20 percent.. 45 per cent 45 less 20 per cent.. 45 per cent 45 less 20 percent.. 75 per cent of 45 per cent. 45 per cent 45 less 20 per cent. 45 per cent 45 less 20 per cent . 45 per cent , 45 less 20 percent.. 45 per cent 45 less 20 percent.. Duty remitted 45 percent , Quantity. Value. $616, 603, 517, 874, 372, 390, 414, 1, 73, 596. 44 62. 80 513. 28 85.00 141.53 60.40 3.00 059. 93 10.00 581. 21 46.00 727.65 25.00 764. 21 11.00 770.00 542. 69 Duty collected. S277, 271, 232, 393, 167, 175, 186, 468. 45 22.61 580. 99 30.60 713. 69 23.90 1.01 326. 97 3.60 661.55 16.56 827. 46 9.01 643.92 3.96 Value per unit of quantity. 33, 094. 22 Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Per cent . 45. 00 30. 00 45.00 36.00 45.00 36. (X) 33.75 45.00 36. 00 45.00 36.00 45.00 36.00 45. 00 38.00 45.00 1 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. 2 From Philippine Islands. 3 For the use of the United States. * July 1 to Oct. 3. 1913. under act of 1909. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 67 All other manufactures of glass or paste, or of which glass or paste is the component material of chief value, n. s. p.f. — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. T) t Value per collected "^" "f coiicctea. quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1914> 30 per cent $353,849.85 56.00 100.00 772.00 266,144.00 21.00 9.00 103, 755. 00 108.00 773,841.00 27.00 1,739.00 129,254.00 17.00 30.00 8.00 117,764.00 30.00 4,285.00 121,834.00 $106,154.96 Per cent: 30 00 1914'2 Free (.sec. IV, J 5) . Free (art. 636, C.R.) Free 191413 1914i« 1915 30 per cent 79,843.20 5.04 30 00 1915 5 30 per cent less 20 ])er cent. Free(art.636,C.R.. 24 00 19153 1916 30 per cent 31,126.50 30.00 1916< Free 1917 30 per cent .... 22,152.30 6.48 30.00 1917* 30 per cent less 20 per cent. Free (sec. IV, J 5). 30 per cent 24.00 1917* 1918 38,776.20 4.08 30.00 1918 6 30 per cent less 20 per cent. Free 24.00 1918" 19182 Free (sec. IV, J 5). 30 per cent 1918' 35,329.20 30.00 Free 1918 '2 Free(sec. IV, J5). 30 per cent 1919' 36,550.20 30.00 1 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 2 For construction and equipment of vessels. 3 For use of foreign ministers. * For use of the United States. 5 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. 6 From Philippine Islands. ' Calendar vear. Bloutn and pressed ware, paragraph 84, act of 1913 — Domestic exports {fiscal years). Exported to — 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 France $12,350 149, 439 41,456 5,178 2,942 264,610 1,340,852 95,058 388, 179 212,733 334,704 19, 198 12,580 7,272 182,920 38,114 51,380 32,819 138,006 §27,325 134,716 41,985 5,375 2,711 316,665 1,293,010 75,529 204,692 160,820 228,901 10,298 14,143 8,418 117,016 48,399 33,629 36,743 131,743 $24,710 111,138 44,729 4,261 8,754 412,599 1,144,087 71,492 87,791 160,201 180,012 20,589 13,386 2,4.56 139,459 34,894 37,291 37,214 136, 101 $25,188 12,007 7,343 6,194 $48,178 $37,643 13,339 Netherlands 2,271 22.267 3,076 280 60,726 f 2,030 Sweden 13,074 17.653 16,342 265 United Kingdom .. . Canada 589,935 822,029 74,881 78,668 216,391 176,820 28,382 16,858 10,329 207,552 49,527 40,388 18,618 117,266 2,400,228 1,099,086 115,640 67,864 412,514 465,789 47,335 26,793 29,762 270,686 81,303 52,226 93,315 208,087 936,858 1 173,596 1,612,826 1 1,887,567 Central America . . . Mexico 183,512 150,365 191,790 415,711 Cuba 524,832 ; 794,790 South America 848,807 1 878,389 96,307 ' 159,372 British India 58,525 30,253 90,825 63,840 Australia 211,252 j 130,001 New Zealand Philippines 56,736 1 29,495 52,694 1 90,669 British South Africa Another 103,434 55,779 325,810 295,579 Total 3,329,290 2,892,124 2,671,164 2,511,450 5,460,997 5,411,995 5,177,320 Cut or engraved glassware — Domestic exports (calendar years). Exported to — All Europe Canada Panama... Mexico Cuba Argentina. Brazil Chile $2,484 ' 62,366 i 1,196 ' 5,997 j 23,506 2,.'iS7 I 2.727 I 15,614 1919 $45,243 104,789 1,978 21,6:58 19,602 12,472 7,023 2,305 Exported to — Peru T'niguay... China...... Australia. . Philippines Another... Total 1918 $5,197 1,288 4,000 3,114 3,516 5,857 139,449 1919 $7,015 5,227 9,475 7,2,35 4,774 20,349 269,125 68 TAEIFF INrORMATION SURVEYS. Electric lamps (carbon or metal filaments) — Domestic exports (fiscal years) Exported to — 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 $69,074 167,241 46,119 41,255 182,977 29,587 65,495 21,232 $32,281 128,528 24,057 52, 819 96, 130 16,662 34,204 6,822 $73,095 43,295 80,247 51,244 129,667 101,468 80,954 15,102 $153,305 99.865 179,989 48,900 318,156 320,613 245,534 60, 549 $547,646 184,225 282,913 151,663 758,502 78,860 262,376 35,030 $898,078 269,315 Cuba 426,562 All other North America 117, 899 1,234,445 51,656 252,326 76,996 Total 622,980 391,503 575,072 1,426,911 2,301,215 3,327,277 Electric lamps (carbon or metal filaments) — Domestic exports — Calendar years. Exported to— 1 1918 1919 Exported to — 1918 1919 Canada ' $638, 521 Mexico i 235,233 Cuba 1 443, 546 All other North America 1 135, 066 South America jl, 444, 465 $961,952 366,729 328,450 199,343 1,715,180 Europe $60,327 421,987 92,919 $389,815 776, 685 Africa 138,753 Total 3,472,064 4, 876, 907 Glassware — All other — Domestic exports — Calendar years. Exported to- Europe North America. Canada Mexico Cuba All other... South America. Argentina. . Bra7.il Chile Peru Another... Asia China Japan Another... Oceania Australia... Philippine. All other... Africa Number of coun- tries. Total. $148,080 1,935,197 360,920 8.52,311 324,110 103,798 116,931 185,983 174,103 271,734 270,609 136,300 105,625 149,056 124,962 53,376 88,300 5,401,395 Number of coun- tries im- porting. $1,497,413 2, 271, 861 605, 183 848,864 433,440 315,868 206,909 151,563 195,284 416,647 326,197 81,274 191,428 307,663 222,569 79,413 177,368 8,328,944 Blown and pressed ware — Who lesa le prices. Year. Nappies, 4-inch; average price per dozen. Pitchers, J-gallon; average price per dozen. 1 Timiblers, i-pint, common; average price per dozen. Year. Nappies, 'i-inch; average price per dozen. Pitchers, J-gallon; average price per dozen. Tumblers, i-pint, common; average price per dozen. 1900 $0.1000 .1400 .1400 .1400 .1400 .1400 .1400 .1400 .1220 $1.0000 1.3000 1.3000 1. 3000 1. 1500 1.0500 1.0500 1.0500 . 9630 $0. 1800 .1800 . 1850 . 1767 . 1600 .1500 . 1500 .1500 .1325 1909 $0.1170 $0. 9960 .9420 .8000 .8000 .8000 .9000 .8500 1.0000 1.1000 $0. 1342 1901 1910 1130 1100 1100 1100 1200 1350 1613 1750 .1200 1902 1911 1912 .1100 1903 .1100 1904 1913 1914 1915 1916 December, 1916 .1200 1905 .1200 1906 .1100 1907 .1250 1008 .1400 TARIFF IXFORMATIOX SURVEYS. 69 Bottles, decanters, or other glassicare, cut or ornamented — Rates of duty. Par. Tariff classification or description. Rate of duty, specific and ad valorem. 135 136 143 106 108 109 110 111 100 Articles of glass cut, engraved, painted, colored, printed, stained, silvered, or gilded, not including plate glass, silvered or looking- glass plates. All glass bottles and decanters, and other like vessels of glass, shall, if filled, pay the same rates of duty, in addition to any duty chargeable on the contents, as if not filled, except as in this act otherwise specially provided for. Porcelain and Bohemian glass, chemical glassware, painted glass- ware, stained glass, and all other manufactures of glass or of which glass shall be the component material of chief value, not specially enumerated or provided for in this act. All articles of glass, cut, engraved, painted, colored, printed, stained, decorated, silvered, or gilded, not including plate glass- silvered, or looking-glass plates. Thin blown glass, blown with or without a mold, including glass chimneys and all other manufaetm-es of glass, or of which glass shall be the component material of chief value, not specially provided for in tlus act. Heavy blown glass, blown with or without a mold, not cut or decorated, finished or unfinished. Porcelain or opal glassware All cut, engraved, painted, or otherwise ornamented or decorated glass bottles, decanters, or other vessels of glass shall, if filled, pay duty in addition to any duty chargeable on the contents, as if not filled, unless otherwise specially provided for in this act. All articles of glass, cut, engraved, painted, colored, printed, stained, decorated, silvered, or gilded, not including plate glass silvered, or looking-glass plates. All glass bottles, decanters, or other vessels or articles of glass, when cut, engraved, painted, colored, printed, stained, etched, or otherwise ornamented or decorated, except such as have ground necks and stoppers only, not specially provided for in this act, including porcelain or opal glassware. Provided, That if such articlesshall be imported filled, the same shall pay duty, in addition to any duty chargeable upon the contents as if not filled, unless otherwise specially provided for in this act. Glass bottles, decanters, or other vessels or articles of glass, cut, engraved, painted, colored, stained, silvered, gilded, etched, frosted, printed in any manner or otherwise ornamented, decorated, or ground (except such grindmg as is necessary for fitting stoppers), and any articles of which such glass is the component material of chief value, and porcelain, opal, and other blowTi glassware: all the foregoing, filled or unfilled, and whether their contents bo dutiable or free. Glass bottles, decanters, and all articles of every description com- posed wholly or in chief value of glass, ornamented or decorated in any manner, or cut, engraved, painted, decorated, orna- mented, colored, stained, silvered, gilded, etched, sand l)lasted, frosted, or printed in any manner, or ground (except such grinding as is necessary for fitting stoppers or for purposes other than ornamentation), and all articles of every description, in- cluding bottles and bottle glassware, composed wholly or in chief value of glass blown cither in a mold or otherwise; all of the foregoing, not specially provided for in this section, filled or unfilled, and whether their contents be dutiable or free. Provided, That for the piu-poses of this act, bottles with cut- glass stoppers shall, with the stoppers, be deemed entireties. Glass bottles, decanters, and all articles of every description com- posed wholly or in chief value of glass, oriiamented or dec- orated in any manner, or cut, engraved, painted, decorated, ornamented, colored, stained, silvered, gilded, etched, sand blasted, frosted, or printed in any manner, or ground (except such grinding as is necessary for lilting stoppers or for |>urposes other than ornamentation), and all articles of every descrip- tion, including bottles and bottle glassware, composed wholly or in chief value of glass blown either in a mold or otherwise; all of the foregoing, not speciallv provided for in this section, filled or unfilled, and whether their contents tie soluble tulnng. Flint packers and preser^-ers. Fruit-jar liners. Funnels. Gas and electric headlights. Glass cutters' blanks. Glass letters. Glass top fruit jars. Gauge glasses. Globes. Goblets. Homeopathic vials. Hydrometers. Illuminating glassware. Imperial art glass. Incandescent bulbs. Insulators. Jars. Jellies. Lamp chimneys. Lantern globes. Laboratory ware. Lead and lime blanks. Lead-blown tumblers. Lens and headlight glasses for railroad and automobiles. Lenses and lens blanks. Lenses for automobile goggles and sun glasses. Lenses (ground, polished, and molded j for flashlights and electric lanterns. Light-cut glass. TAEIFF INFORMATION SUR^^2yS. 73 Light cuttings Light brown stem ware. Light or skin-cut glassware. Lime-blown tumblers. Lithographers' balls. Mangin mirror lenses. Mazda electric lamps. Milk bottles. Needle-etched tumblers. Needle and plate-etched blown ware. Nest eggs. Oil and electric lamps. Oil cups. Opal nest eggs. Opal glass brick. Opal ointment and cold-cream pots. Opal ware. Optical lens blanks. Packers' jars. Paper weights. Paste jars. Paste mold ware. Photographic supplies. Premium ware. Present tableware. Pressed and brown ware. Pressed tableware. Pressed vault and prism lights. Private mold work. Punch tumblers. Pyrex baking dishes. Pail way globes. Salt and pepper shakers. School inks. Shades for figures and taxidermists. Side and tail lights. Signal glass. Stationers' ware. Stem ware. Stone engraved glassware. Tablet jars. Thermometers. Thin-blown tumblers. Tiffany, faATile glass. Tobacco jars. Toilet bottles. Towel rods and bars. Tov marbles. Tubing. Tumblers. Turn mold ware. Vacuum bottles. Vases. Vault lights. Wines and clarets. COMMON WINDOW GLASS CYLINDER. CYLINDER AND COMMON WINDOW GLASS, UNPOLISHED. Summary. description. Window glass embraces all glass blown into cylbider form, either by hand or by machme, and afterwards flattened into sheets, an- nealed, and cut into desired commercial sizes. vSome of its most important proj^erties are transparency, homogeneity, and strength. It is a hard substance which has passed to a solid condition from a fluid state at a high temperature. DOMESTIC PRODUCTION. Sixty per cent of the total of about nine million 50-foot boxes of window glass of the blast of 1916-17 was made in 27 factories by the machme method, using 317 blowing and drawing machmes. Forty per cent of the total was made in 55 factories by the hand method. Thirteen machine factories, usuig 180 macliines, and 12 handwork factories are in Pennsylvania; 8 machuie factories and 80 machmes and 20 handwork factories are in West Virginia; 3 machine factories and 30 machines and 9 handwork factories are in Ohio. Other factories arc in 7 other States. In 1899, 217,061,100 square feet of window glass was produced, and 400,998,893 square feet in 1914, an mcrease m the 15 years of. 84.7 per cent in quantity. In 1899 its value was S10,879,355 and in 1914, $17,495,956, an in- crease of 60.8 per cent in value. The suspension of production ai)d export trade m Belgium and other countries caused an increase in the domestic production of the United States and an entirely new development in the export trade of its window glass during the war. COMPARATIVE COSTS OF PRODUCTION OF HANDMADE GLASS. The average cost of production in 35 American handmade windov^^- glass factories in 1916 ^ of a single strength 50-foot box of window glass was SI. 744. Of the total, the materials (batch and packing) cost 29.2 cents per box; fuel cost 15.8 cents; sundry cost 18.3 cents, while factory labor cost $1,111 per box. Materials were 16.7 per cent; fuel, 9.1 per cent; sundry cost, 10.5 per cent; and factory labor, 63.7 per cent of the total cost. From a detailed cost statement furnished the Tariff Commission by a Belgian window-glass factory for the year 1909 it ap])ears that the Belgian total cost of production of a 50-foot box single strength of window glass was 91.8 cents.^ > Bureau of Foreisn and Domestic Commerce report. 2 TarifT Information Series No. 5, The glass industry as affected by the war, pp. 50-51. 74 TAKIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 75 Materials in the Belgian factory cost 21 .9 cents per box as comjiared vith the American cost of 29.2 cents. Fuel cost, as mi<^lit l)e oxprclod, vas greater in Belgium, being 19 cents per box as against an Ainei-ican cost of 15.8 cents. Labor was 42.1 per box in the Bclgiau factory, while the American labor cost was more than two and a half times greatcn-, or $1,111 per box. Labor cost was 45.S per cent of the total cost in the Belgian, and 63.7 per cent of the total cost ui the American factories. Contrastuig vraps witli labor cost it appears that the average wa^es of window-glass hand blowers ui Belgian factories was $3 per day, m American factories the average was S7 per day, or less than two and one-half times greater. The Belgian cost, however, can not be regarded as fully representa- tive, as, while accurate, it is for one establishment only, and the periods differ too much for direct comparison with American costs. The figures are suggestive and indicate the wide dilferences in labor and other costs under normal conditions in the production of hand- made glass. MACHINE-MADE GLASS. The American cost of production in the foregoing is based mainly on the skill of the hand blower who limits his ovm production to nine cylinders of glass per hour, his labor to 40 hours per week and his period of employment per year to six months. This hand blower makes a cylinder of glass about 5 feet long and 12 to 15 inclies in diameter, or about 2,800 square inches, and it takes him longer to make it than it takes a macnine to blow a cylinder over 39 feet long and 22 inches in diameter containing about 32,000 square inches. The machine tender operates 3 to 5 machines at the same time, and produces this immense quantity of glass and receives 25 per cent less wages than the hand blower. The high rate of earnings of the hand blower ($50 per week in 1917) is charged into the labor cost of his restricted output of nine small cylinders a day, while the lesser earnings of the machine operator ($40 per week in 1917) when dis- tributed as labor cost over his great quantity of production nnd^e a relatively small labor cost in a 50-foot box. As machine production is 60 per cent of the total production the ability of machine factoi'ies to compete with, the handmade glass of European countries is a reasonable conclusion. TARIF CONSIDERATIONS. The tariff problem centers around the small sizes of window glass, up to and including glass 16 by 24 inches in size, or 384 square inches. The tariff on the larger sizes "is satisfactory to maiuifactiirers. The consumers of window glass in the United States reqiiiri- from 50 to 55 per cent of the single strength in the small sizi>s up to 16 by 24. Single strength measures approximately 12 lights to the inch in thickness and weighs about 16 ounces to the scpiare foot; double strength, about 9 lights to the inch and weighs about 24 ounces to the square foot. The rates of duty in the tarill' act of 1909 on the small sizes were reduced in the tarifl" act of 1913 from U cents, Ig cents, U cents, and IJ cents per pound to } cent and 1 cent per pound, aany o])erates 118 machines and 6 factories and is the largest window-glass ])roducer in the world. Its productive capacity, organization, and facilities enabled it to export 80 per cent of all the window glass cxpoilcd in 1916, an exceptional year, the total amounting to over S3,0()().00() m value. This one company could produce nearly all the window glass needed hi the American market. It curtails ]>roduction, how- ever, and with other machine factories divides tiie dojuestic market with the 55 small hand-blown glass factories, which o])oratc about six months of each year and ]iroduce 40 j^er cent of tiu^ total window glass. Prior to the war and notwithstanding the groat advantag(>s of machine production, there were ])ractically no sal(>.s of machine glass m foreign countries, the price understandings limitinp; the trade to our domestic market, and all the factories rejnaining idle for half of each year. A wider and a larger market ap])ears obtahiable through greater machhic production and better selling faciliti(>s. J Summary of Tariff Information, Comniiltccou Ways ami Means ( litL'O). 78 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Historii of the industn/} — 'While tlie American people have not as yet secured the expected results of maclibie production, the revolution in the production of window glass began when the cyliiider-blowmg machine produced glass commercially in 1905. The unrest then created culminated some years later in a bitter war of prices between the producers of handmade and machme-made glass. It was feared that if the machmes were a commercial success it would not be possible to produce handmade glass on a profitable basis. The entire industry became demoralized. Hand glass manu- facturers sold the product for any price they could obtain. The skilled hand workers agreed to a sliding scale based on selling prices, and during the years 1912 to 1913 the average wage of single strength blowers went down from 45 cents per 50-foot box to 15 cents per 50- foot box, or from upward of S6 per day down to SI 5 per week, or less than Belgian wages. The price war ended m a compromise, the machine company, after serious losses, reachmg the conclusion, as stated by its general manager, that "from a business standpoint Ave thought it was much more profitable for us to be satisfied with a reasonable share of the country's business rather than to drive out operatives from an industry that had existed as long as this one had existed." In 1914 a little over 8,000,000 boxes of window glass of 50 square feet each were manufactured in the United States and in 1916-17 about 9,000,000 boxes. About 60 per cent of this product was blown by machme and 40 per cent by the hand method. In Belgium window glass blown by hand is the rule. A machme blower in the most efficient American factories can blow five cylinders of window glass simultaneously, each nearly 39 feet long and 22 mches m diameter, in less time than an American or Belgian hand blower can blow a cylinder 5 feet long and 15 mches m diameter. The American ma- chine blower is paid about $40 a week (1917), while American hand blowers average about $50 a week (1917). The Belgian hand blov.-er does not receive half the wages of the American machuie blower. The great advantage m the cost of production of American machine blowmg over that of American hand blowhig is apparent. The ma- chine factories could drive hand blowing factories out of the business and they could readily produce all the window glass needed. Fear of a price war prevents the machme factories from operating to their full capacity. This was explained by the prmcipal machine company in 1916 in its annual report (see p. 47, Glass Report of Tariff Com- mission) : That so Ions: as the company was securing what we considered a satisfactory portion of the going business it would be far more profitable to curtail its operations to the extent we did rather than attempt to operate to capacity and possibly precipitate a price war in the midst of the greatest export business we have ever had. The effectiveness of machme production in the domestic and foreign market is practically nullified l)y the policy of restrictmg output to suit the requirements of hand production. Machine pro- duction is marketed under conditions that encourage the continuation of antiquated methods. Profits of machine production are based on the costs of production of handmade glass, selling prices being practically the same. 1 Tariff Information Series No. 5: The glass industry as affecterl by the war. TARIFF II^FORMATION SURVEYS. 79 Domc-9tic production and consumption. — The quantity of window glass produced in the census 3'ear 1914 was 400,998,803 square feet, valued at $17,495,956. The imports for consumption the same year were valued at $1,212,536 (in the vears 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913 they ranged from a little over §700,000 to $828,000). The domestic exports in 1914 were valued at $311,339, so that the con- sumption amounted to $18,397,153. Six months of domestic pro- duction can readily supply domestic consumption each year. Domestic exports. — -The exports of window glass, which in 1911 amounted only to $121,339 and to $311,339 in 1914, has had a notable increase since the latter year, due to the cessation of production in Belgium and northern France and the shutting off of German and Austrian supplies In 1915 the value of the exports was $1,443,113; in 1916, $3,123,916: in 1917, $3,483,596, and in 1918, $3,401,120. The increases have been notable to Canada, to Asiatic countries, to Argentina and other South American countries, to Cuba, to Aus- tralia, and to South Africa. American machine production is probably able to hold this newly developed export trade. FOREIGN PRODUCTION. The figures of foreign production are not obtainable. Conditions relating to production in Belgium, our principal competitor, are shown in the following official report of Consul Charles Roy Nasmith, Brussels, March 13, 1919: The following information has been given the writer by a Belgian exporter of glass, who has Vjeen a manufacturer and who thoroughly understands the industry; Window-glass industry. — All the Belgian window-glass factories are intact and can produce at very short notice. The raw material is in hand and labor also. In 1914, before the war, only 50 per cent of the factories could manufacture during several months, or the production would be too great. Now, during nearly five years, the young workmen have not been taught and it will take a certain time to train new men and replace this percentage of labor. On the other hand, very few of the laborers in glass factories were soldiers, and the loss of labor through this cause is reduced to the minimum. The window-glass factories are not yet running, for the simple reason that the manu- facturers are not yet willing to accept the terms imposed by the trade-unions of the glassworkers. An agreement has been brought about between the manufacturers and the laborers as to the amount of the salary. The prices paid in 1914 are to be applied with 100 per cent increase for all the different categories of work. The only question to settle now is that of the labor contract. The glass blower has always been obliged to blow 2 inches more in length and 2 inches more in width than the size for which he was paid. The glass blowers wish this to be done away with and wish to be paid for the exact dimensions blown l^y them. The manufacturers are not willing to agree to this, l)ut may finally be obliged to accept these conditions of the glass blowers. In 1914 there were 30 furnaces with basins, of which one was worked by machine by the system Fourcault. Twenty-five of these thirty were active. At the present time there is in operation one furnace in the "Piges" factory, witli human labor, and the furnace with the machine system Fourcault. The actual production is 20,000 boxes of 100 square feet per month. The glass factory "Piges" is running with the assistance of workmen who do not belong to the union. Increased prices of fjlass — French demand. — The prices of the glass are at present six and a half times higher than they were in 1914. A box of glass, stock size, first choice, containing 300 square feet, sells for 2(50 francs ($50.18), loaded on the car at the factory. This glass is handmade. The machine-made glass, which is mostly of second quality and for roofs, is sold for 240 francs (I4G.32) per l)ox, free sizes 4e"21 ounces, 200 square feet, loaded on car at the factory. 80 TAKIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. P Belgium has a great need of window glass. The French Government made a pro- posal to the glass manufacturers for 40,000,000 scjuare meters, on the basis of 225 francs ($43.43) per box of 300 square feet, and as soon as the factories start up again the manu- facturers will take a part of this order. Under date of March 19, 1919, Consul Nasmith makes the follow- ing ofhcial announcement: The principal Belgian window-glass factories have just formed a cooperative asso- ciation having its central office at Charleroi, Belgium. They number 13. The object of this cooperative association of Belgian window-glass manufacturers is to further in every way the purchase of all materials, machinery, articles for con- sumption and production, which may be necessary for the repairing or the reestab- lishment of the material, as well as the setting in operation again and running the different plants and the manufacture of the glass. This organization will also have to do with the purchase of the raw material needed for the operation of the factories and eventually it will control the buying and selling of the window glass and all that pertains to this industry. It will also determine the time of the operation again of all the furnaces and, if necessary, determine the order of this operation — that is, which futnaces will operate first — in case they all can not begin to operate simultaneously in all the different factories. The minimum amount of capital of this new association for expenses has been fixeci at 224,750 francs ($43,377), and this has been divided into 8,990 shares of 25 francs each — which have all been subscribed to and a first payment of 10 per cent has been made. The annual meeting will be held on the first Monday of May every year. The principal Belgian wdndow glass manufacturers belong to this organization and have been named on the board of directors. IMPORTS. The imports of all sizes of window glass, which were a little over 34,000,000 pounds in 1906, fell to 22,500,000 in 1909, 23,500,000 in 1912; 20,500,000 in 1913, increased to 31,000,000 pounds in 1914, but were almost negligible in 1916-1918, in the last vcar being valued at $84,018. From 1906 to 1914, inclusive, the small sizes of glass imported were 80 per cent of the total. Eighty-five per cent of our total imports have been from Belgium, England supplying from 10 to 12 per cent. Being mainly of the small sizes, the imported glass becomes a sharp competitor with the large c|uantity of the small size glass unavoidably made in the United States in the run of factory production. PRICES. Window glass is sold on the basis of a price list, which is fixed from time to time and is always subject to very large trade discounts. The trend of net prices from 19i2 to 1916, computed with the dis- counts allowed and deducted on the basis of the price list of October 15, 1912, is shown in the following net prices per box for one of the brackets of the small sizes, 10 by 16 to 16 by 24 in single strength, and one of the largest sizes 40 by 76 to 40 by 80 in double strength, both of A quality. The net price of the first named, small size, was $1.74 in March, 1912; $1.58 in January, 1914; $1.80 in November, 1915; $2.03 in January 1916, and $2.48 in March 1916, an increase from 1912 to 1916 of 42.5 per cent. For the last named, large size, double strength, the net price per box was $15.68 in March, 1912; $15.20 in January, 1914; $17.10 in November, 1915; $19 in January, 1916; and $20.90 in March, 1916, an increase from 1912 to 1916 of 33 per cent. It may be noted that there was a downward trend from 1912 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 81 to 1914, and that advances occurrod when European countries ceased production. The net selling prices of average size and ciuality of all single strength window glass per box of ."0 feet, sold during the five years from 1913 to 1917, inclusive, were as follows: VMS, $1,715; 1914, SI. 722; 191.-, $1,732; 1916, $1.92; and 1917, S2.S0S, an increase from 1913 to 1917 of G4 per cent. VIEWS AXD OPINIONS OF MANUFACTURERS. x\n American machine made window glass manufacturer stated (1918) that as the Belgian factories pay for labor a much smaller percentage per box of the small sizes than the workers are paid in this country they can sell it cheaper. That fact invariably brought about competition in the small glass, and the Belgian product was competing most strenuously for that portion of the trade that required a large percentage of the small sizes. Mill owners and mine owners that build factories and company houses for workmen are large users of small sizes, but workmen building their own homes use larger sizes, or two-light sash, and the latter, therefore, are not benefited by the reduction in the tarill" act of li)13 of the rates of duty on the small sizes. An executive officer of the hand window glass manufacturers stated (1918) that both Belgium and English factories seek an outlet for the small sizes and the United States has furnished them a market for it, and we ourselves are making to-day in the first three brackets above 45 per cent of the entire production of the hand factories partly because of poor production and partly to fill orders. Part of this 45 per cent of small size glass is due to flaws in the making and part is owing to the demand for small sizes for building purposes, which re({uires the cutting of what would otherwise be large sizes, POLISHED CROWN, CYLINDER AND COMMON WINDOW GLASS. Tariff act of 1913, paragraph 86: "Cylinder and crown glass, pol- ished, not exceeding 384 srpiare mches, 3 cents per square foot; above that, and not exceeding 720 square inches, 4 cents per square foot; above that, and not exceeding 1,440 square inches, 7 cents per square foot; above that, 10 cents per square foot." DESCRIPTION AND USES. Polished cylinder and window glass is a minor product as comjiared to plain window glass and polished plate. There is a slight bow in window glass no matter how carefully the sheet is flattened and this causes a large amount of breakage during the polishing o|)eration, unless most of the grinding is done by hand. Ko cylirider glass is pohshed in domestic plants, but domestic machine window glass manufacturers are now producing thin glass of a grade satisfactory to most of the consumers who formerly used the polished product. 47578— 21— B-9 6 82 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. IMPORTS. The imports of polished cylinder glass decreased from SI 56,000 ii\ value in 1910 to $119,000 in 1913. Imports increased to $121,814 during 1914, but decreased rapidly after the outbreak of the war, and were negligible after 1916. Large quantities of polished cylinder glass further advanced than the polishing operation were imported from Europe during the years immediately preceding the war. The annual importations of this material ranged from $98,000 in 1910 to $43,709 in 1912. The quantity has been negligible since 1916. Summary of imports for consumption of polished cylinder glass. Polished by sizes (square inches). Total. $136,137 20,371 140,301 123,356 119,395 } 121,814 36,783 19,893 Polished and 384 720 384 1,440 720 further ad- 1,440 Fiscal vear: 1910 1 358,698 S77,129 $310 11,203 16,725 15,611 17,427 2,111 22,012 6,079 3,133 $98 557 1910 2 S9,16S 435 923 1,448 163 1911 55, 609 47,467 45,933 6,404 33,518 14,559 8,001 67,532 59,355 54,587 9,673 47,941 15,989 8,759 87 813 1912 43 709 1913 60,269 1914 2 1914 3 155 156 89, 555 1915 55 908 1916 8^345 67 1917 1918 307 307 29 Calendar year: 1918 15 1919 206 206 1 Under act of 1897. > Under act of 1909. 3 Under act of 1913. PRICES. The commission has been unable to secure quotations on polished cylinder glass; in fact, the local retailers are not familiar with the product. TARIFF HISTORY. The following table is a digest of the tariff classification of polished cylinder and common window glass since 1883: Polished window glass by sizes (duty per square foot). Not exceeding 10x15 16x24 10x15 24x30 16x24 24x60 24x30 More than 24x60 Tariff act— 1883 SO. 02J $0 04 $0.06 .06 .04 .06 SO. 20 .20 .15 .15 $0 40 1 890 .04 .40 1894 .02.V .04 .20 1897 .20 Polished window glass by sizes (duty per square inch). 384 720 384 1,440 720 More than 1,440 Tariff act— 1909 $0.04 .03 $0.06 .04 $0.12 .07 $0.15 1913 .10 TAKIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 83 COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS. Thin, unpolished cylinder glass is a much cheaper product than any glass which has been polished, and now that domestic manufacturers are producing high grade thin unpolished glass domestic consumers will use this in many places where polished glass was used before the war. TABLES. Window glass, cylinder, crown, and common, unpolished — Production in United States.^ [From Federal Census.] Year. Quantity. Value. 50-foot boxes. Average value. 1899 Square fed. 217,064,100 242,61.5,750 346, 080, .050 400,998,893 810,879,355 11,610,851 11,742,959 17,495,956 Number. 4,341,282 4,8,52,315 6,921,611 8,019,978 82. 51 1904 2.39 1909 1 70 1914 2.18 i Production in foreign countries not obtainable. Cylinder and crown glass, polished, unsilvered — Imports by countries {fiscal year). Imported from— 1910 » Square feet. Value. 89, 769 11,881 1,149,162 6,337 80 $15, 104 3,219 259, 464 1,801 16 Total 1,257,229 279,604 1 Included in all other glass and glassware after 1910. Cylinder, crown, and common ivindow glass, unpolished — Im,ports by countries (fi.scal year). 1910 1911 1912 Imported fiom — Pounds. Value. Potmds. Value. Pounds. Value. Belgium 23,949,227 2,188,917 565,037 301,495 $&33,5.57 93,208 71,817 12^333 26, .574, 343 3,831,690 791,563 52,3.32 $688,849 162,011 95,0.37 3,062 20, .54 7, 158 3,4.37,722 777,586 46,220 $686,4.55 England 1.56,772 102,593 Another 4,303 ToUil 27,004,676 810,915 31,249,928 948,959 24,808,686 950, 123 1913 l'.»M 1915 Imported from— Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. 19,786,225 1,968,9.38 882, .S64 90, 856 $742, 162 110, ,342 118,219 6,488 27,574,477 3,5.86,140 977, 726 176,416 $1,050,432 188,731 108,290 10, 765 12,074,320 4,378,232 341,. 5.34 104,380 $346,5.36 England 311,360 Germany 54, 467 Another 10, 121 Totul 22,734,883 977,211 32,314.7.59 1,356,218 16,898,406 722,4,'i3 84 TARIFF IXFORMATION SURVEYS. Cylinder, crown, and common window glass, unpolished— Imports by countries (fiscal year) — Continued. Inipoi'ted from — 1916 1917 1918 Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Belgium 404, 005 1,097,950 57, 768 216, 400 S26, 987 133,890. 10, 655 26,017 1,734,542 1,043,647 881 207,821 S162, 748 140,233 312 24,807 302,253 343, 455 $29,219 England 63, 858 G erinany AUothei- 40,050 8,765 Total 1,776,123 197, 549 2,986,891 328, 100 691,758 101,842 Cylinder, croivn, and commx)n window glass— Unpolished — -Imports by countries (calendar year) . Imported from— 1918 1919 Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Austria-Hungary 10 287, 089 7,013 128,968 32,881 1 350, 446 1,284 226,300 $2 Belgium France Germany . . . . 20, 326 111 si, 032 138 37,479 2,014 17,776 Netherlands 81,239 2,362 3,877 7 England Canada Japan 264,548 13,022 54, 530 45, 442 1,374 3,724 62,824 248 13,674 Total 433, 776 54,072 1,033,992 137,901 Suminary of imports for consumptio7i, unpolished cylinder glass. VALUES. By sizes (sq uare inches). More than 150 384 384 720 720 1,200 1 ' 1,200 2,400 2,400 Total. Not exceeding 150 Fiscal year: 1910. . $416, 891 422,363 548,925 551,702 719,343 327, 204 94, 922 237, 123 55,557 14,803 50,708 319,395 S179,807 213,350 150, 755 145, 943 268,244 164,022 36, 171 31.200 24,010 15,936 10,870 101,795 $75, 199 128,624 76,294 65, 198 132,533 96,536 6,106 5,851 3,741 2,074 7,314 48, 158 j $30,144 48,128 38, 573 33,631 70, 162 63,242 2,080 2,504 710 821 3,496 27, 442 $9,371 12,795 13,214 8,245 20,821 27,845 956 544 $329 121 107 12 1,433 377 27 $711,741 1911 825,381 1912 827,868 1913 804,731 19U 1,212,536 1915 679, 226 1916 140, 262 1917 277,222 1918. .. . 84,018 Calendar year: 1918 33,634 1919 1,159 15,768 89 1,021 73,636 1920 513,579 TARIFF IXFORMATIOISr SURVEYS. 85 Cylinder, crown, and common uindou; glass, unpolished, not exceeding 10 by 15 inches- Imports for consum p lion — Revenu e . Fiscal j-ear. 1907.. 1908.. 19081. 1909.. 1910 2. Rate of dutv. Quantity. 1§ cents per pound. do Ig cents per pound less 20 per cent . . 1| cents per pound. '14, 400, 477. 25 do ; 87,030.00 PouTids. 16, 142, 73.5. 25 14,390,395.00 525. 00 Value. Duty collected. $540,282.09 $221,902.75 452, 689. 00 197, 867. 98 105. 00 447,510.50 1, 447. 00 5.78 198,006.47 1,196.66 Value per unit of quantity. $0,033 .032 .20 .031 .017 Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Per cent. 41.08 43.70 5 50 44.25 82.70 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. 2 July 1 to Aug. 5, 1909, under act of 1897. Cylinder, a-otcn, and common window glass, unpolished, not exceeding 150 square inches, valued at not more than 1^ cents per poxind — Imports for consuvtption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. -Vctiinland computed ad valorem rate. 1910> 15 cents per pound. do. .. . Pounds. 1,826,869.00 1,941,648.00 497, 794. 00 386,838.00 60, 514. 00 $24,814.00 26, 523. 00 6,746.00 5, 250. 00 815 00 822,835 89 24, 270. 63 6,222.42 4,835.49 756. 41 $0 014 Per cent. Q9 na 1911 .014 91 51 1912 .... do .014 92.24 1913. . do. . 014 92 10 1914 2 . do... . 013 09 81 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. 2 July 1-Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. Cylinder, crown, and common windoiv glass, unpolished, not exceeding 150 square inches, valued at more than 1^ cents per pound — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 19101 1§ cents per pound. . do. . . . Pounds. 13,372,893.46 S390, 630. 00 39.5,840.33 542,178.70 546, 452. 00 159, 170. 00 559,3.58.00 327,201.00 94, 922. 00 237, 123. 00 55, 557. 00 14,803.00 50, 708. 00 $183,877.14 184,531.99 206,690.09 18.5,802.15 45, 144. 51 116,1.5.5.12 51,207.68 7, 537. 01 19,041.05 3,060.48 1,309.15 3,538.88 $0,029 .029 .036 .04 .048 .042 .056 .110 .109 . 1,59 .099 .125 Per cent. 47.07 1911. 13,420,.-)04.50 1.5,032,002.45 13,512,880.36 3, 283, 239. 00 13,274,809.75 5,8.52,306.00 861,374.00 2, 176, 120. 00 349, 767. 00 149,61.5.00 404,443.00 46. 62 1S12... . . do 38.12 1913. . .. do 34.00 1914 2. .. . do 28.45 1914 3 I cent per pound.. . do 20.77 1915. 15. 65 1916. . do... 7.94 1917. . do 8.03 1918 . . . .. do 5. 51 J918< 1919< do do 8.84 6.98 1 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. 2 July 1, 1913, to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. 3 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. < Calendar year. Cylinder, cKOwn, and common window glass, unpolished, above 10 by 15 inches and not exceeding 16 by 24 inches — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed nd valorem rate. 1907 IJ cents per pound. do do Pounds. 9,728,174.00 6,609,243.00 5, 163, 189. 00 304,727.00 $2.54,804.32 178,168.00 141,410.75 6,248.00 $182,403.27 123,923.38 96,809.88 5,713.64 80. 026 .027 .027 .021 Per cent. 71.69 1908 1909 69. 54 08. 46 1910' do 91.45 > July 1 to Aug. 5, 1909, under act of 1897. 86 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Cylinder, croicn, and common window glass, unpolished, above 1.50 and not exceeding 384 square inches, valued at not more than 2| cents per pound — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year.' Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 19101 IJ cents per pound. do Pounds. 1,021.550.00 1,716,6.55.00 156, 781. 00 19,474.00 $16,764.00 27,350.00 2,851.00 317. 00 $17,877.05 30,041.47 2,743.63 340. 80 80. 016 .016 .018 .016 Per cent. 106. 64 1911 109. 84 1912 do %.23 1913 do 107. 51 1 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. Cylinder, crown, and common xvindow glass, unpolished, above 150 and not exceeding 384 square inches, valued at more than If cents per pound — Inports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. qZlity. -d-'°"" 19101 li cents per pound. do Pounds. 5,786,721.50 6,848,820.80 4, 664, 755. 00 4,211,520.41 820, 293. 00 7, 513, 974. 75 4,407,494.00 427,067.00 316, 800. 00 189, 367. 00 140,926.00 112,811.00 S156, 795. 40 sios ."ino.ss $0,027 .027 Per cent. 69.20 1911 185 999.50 ' 128 415.48 69.04 1912 1913 19142 1914' 1915 1916 1917 do 147,904.49-1 87 464.24 .039 59.14 do 145,626.00 1 78,966.06 I .035 29,771.00 15,380.49 ; .036 238, 473. 00 ! 75, 139. 75 1 . 0.32 164,022.00 i 44,074.94 j .037 36,171.00 1 4,270.67 1 .085 31,200.00 : 3,168.00 , .098 24,010.00 i 1,893.67 1 .127 15,9.36.00 1,409.26] .113 10 870.00 1 12S. 11 1 .096 54.23 do 61.66 1 cent per pound . . do 31.51 26.87 do 11.81 do 10.15 1918 do 7.89 1918< do 8.84 1919 < do 10.38 » Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. ' July 1, 1913, to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. 3 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. * Calendar year. Cylinder, crown, and common window glass, xinpolished, above 16 by 24 inches and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 2| cents per poimd. do . . .do Pounds. 3,476,572.00 2,391,751.50 2, 230, 723. 00 62, 156. 00 $111,100.10 77,381.00 66,140.75 1,627.00 $82,568.59 56,801.17 52,979.51 1,176.20 SO. 032 .032 .030 .026 Per cent. 74.32 1908 1909 73.40 80.10 1910' do 90.73 1 July 1 to Aug. 5, 1909, under act of 1897. Cylinder, crown, and common tvindow glass, unpolished, above 384 and not exceeding 720 square inches, valued at not more than 2^ cents per pound— Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1910' 2\ cents per pound. do Pounds. 182,289.00 903, 103. 00 29, 062. 00 3,214.00 $3,441.00 17,426.00 555. 00 67. 00 $4,101.51 20.319.81 6.53. 90 72. 32 $0,019 .019 .019 .021 Per cent. 119.19 1911 116.60 1912 ... do 117.82 1913 do 107. ?4 Aug. 0, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1G09. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 87 Cylinder, croun, and common uindoxv glass, unpolished, above S84 and not exceeding 720 square inches, valued at more than f-J cents per pound — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1910' 2f cents per pound. do Pounds. 2,114,764.00 3 226 000 00 $70, 130. 60 111,198.41 75, 739. 00 65,131.00 11,122.00 121,411.00 96, .536. 00 6, 106. 00 5,851.00 3,741.00 2,071.00 7,311.00 $50,225.68 76, 617. ,50 49, 135. 54 38,203.09 5,624.36 39, 718. 93 38, 077. .57 93.5. 31 840. SO 327.87 90.10 1,027.53 $0. 033 .034 .0.37 .0)0 .047 .034 .029 .073 .078 .128 . 259 .080 Per cent. 71.61 68.90 64. 87 58.66 50.57 32.71 39.44 15. 32 14.37 8.76 1911 1912 do 2,068,863.00 1,608,548.84 2.36,815.00 3..530,.57I.50 .3,3^4,673.00 83,138.00 74,737.00 29,140.00 S, OOS. 00 91,. 336. 00 1913 . . do . 1914? 1914' do IJ cents per pound. do do 1915 1916 1917 do 191S do 191S« do 1919* do 14.05 ' Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. ' July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. ? Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, imder act of 1913. * Calendar year. Cylinder, crown, and common vnndoxo glass, unpolished, above 24 by SO inches and not exceeding 24 by 36 inches— Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 2| cents per pound. do Pounds. 9.38,078 412,663 4,36,985 39,080 $34,273.37 14,622.00 14,3(X).00 996.00 $26,969.76 11,864.14 12,563.43 1,123.73 $0,037 .031 .0.33 . 025 Per cent. 78 69 1908 81 13 1909 do 89 25 19101 dn 112 82 » July 1 to Aug. 5, 1909, under act of 1897. Cylinder, crown, and common window glass, unpolished — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. """^y- unit of collected. quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1910 I. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914 2. 1914 5. 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. 1918 1. 1919 <. Above 720 and not exceeding 86^ square inches. 2J cents per pound. do do do do Above 720 and not exceeding 1,^00 square inches. li cents per pound. do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Pounds. 336,563.50 7.59,5.30.27 375,865.00 289,684.00 37,928.00 1,859,718.50 2,170,772.00 22,491.00 20,400.00 4,360.00 3,912.00 17,038.00 $13,011.00 24,899.62 17,9.59.00 15,837.00 2,254.00 65,1.33.00 03, 242. (K) 2,080.00 2,50-1.00 710.00 821 . 00 3, 4%. 00 $9,255.48 20,887.21 10,336.29 7,906.34 1,043.03 27,895.79 32,561.58 337. 37 306.02 65. 40 .58.68 264.57 $0. 039 . 033 .048 .055 .059 .035 .029 .092 .123 .163 .210 .198 Per cent. 71.13 83.89 57. .55 50.30 46.27 42.83 51.49 16.22 12.22 9.21 7.15 7.57 1 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1010, under act of 1909. * July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. a Oct . 4. 1913, to Juuc 30, 1914, under act of 1913. * Calendar years. 88 TARIFF liSTFORMATIOlSr SURVEYS. Cylinder, crown, and cominon vindow glass, unpolished, above 24 by 36 inches and not exceeding 30 by 40 inches — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Valr.e. Tiuty collected. Value per imit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 3| cents per pound. . . do Pounds. 682,177.50 332,503.00 404, 105. 00 15,114.00 S26,346.45 13,238.00 17,179.00 703. 00 $23, 023. .51 11,222.05 13,638.58 510. 09 SO. 039 .04 . 043 .047 Per cent. 87.39 1908 84 77 1909 do 79 39 19101 do 72.56 1 July 1 to Aug. 5, 1909, under act of 1S97. Cylinder, croivn, and common window glass, unpolished, above 864 and not exceeding 1,200 square inches — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 19101 3icentsperpound. do Pounds. 341,824.00 598,738.00 368,924.00 285,141.00 40,932.00 $15,434.00 23, 22S. 62 20,614.00 17,794.00 2,775.00 $11,109.32 19,4.59.02 11,990.05 9,267.12 1,330.29 $0. 045 .039 . 056 .062 .068 Per cent. 71.98 1911 &3.77 1912 do 58 10 1913 do 52 0!* 1914 2 do 47.94 1 .^ug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. 2 July 1, 1913, to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. Cylinder, crown, and common vnndow glass, unpolished, above 30 by 40 inches and not exceeding 40 by 60 inches — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duties collected. Value per unit ol quantity. Actual and com- puted ad valorem rate. 1907 3i cents per pound. do Pounds. 216,735 135,423 115, 597 14,889 $11,698.00 7,154.00 6,036.00 785. 00 $8,398.50 5,247.68 4,479.47 576. 96 $0. 054 .053 .0,52 .053 Per cent. 71.79 1908 73.36 1909. -do... 74.21 19101 do 73.50 1 July 1 to Aug. 5, 1909, under act of 1897. Cylinder, crown, and common tuindow glass, unpolished, above 1,200 and not exceeding 2,400 square inches — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duties collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actus 1 and com- puted ad valorem rate. 19101 3i cents per pound, .do... Pounds. 179,600.50 280,690.00 230,791.00 141,319.00 12,103.00 506,335.00 710,911.00 7,002.00 6,922.00 8,808.00 $8, .586. 00 12, 795. 00 13,214.00 8,245.00 936.00 19,885.00 27, 845. 00 956. 00 544.00 1, 159. 00 $6,7.35.04 10, 525. 88 8,654.72 5,299.53 453. 86 9,493.79 13,329.60 131.29 129. 80 165. 15 .50.048 .046 .057 .058 .077 .039 .039 .137 .079 .132 Per cent. 78.44 1911 82.26 1912 . . -do... 65.60 1913 do 64.27 19142 -do... 48.49 1914 3 1| cents per pound, do .. 47.74 1915. .. 47.88 1916 do... 13.73 1917 do 23.86 1919 4 . .do. . 14.25 1 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. 2 Julv 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. 3 O'^t. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. * Calendar year. TARIFF IIJ^FORMATION SURVEYS. 89 Cylinder, croim, and common v:indoiv glass, unpolished, above 40 by 60 inches — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duties collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and com- puted ad valorem rate. 1907 41 cents per pound, do Pounds. 1,288.00 240. 00 3, .574. 00 150.00 193.00 18.00 226. 00 20.00 $56.36 10.50 156.36 6.56 $0,072 . 075 .063 .133 Per cent. 60.60 58.33 69.19 32.80 1908 1909 do 1910' .do... ' July 1 to Aug. 5, 1909, under act of 1897. Cylinder, a-oicn, and common itnndow glass, unpolished, above 2,400 square inches — Imports for cons umpt ion — Revenue . Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duties collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and com- puted ad valorem rate. 19101 4', cents per pound, .do... Pounds. 4,200.00 2, 622. 00 1,314.25 351.00 12.00 20,225.00 6.054.00 S309. 00 121.00 107.00 12. 50 5. 00 1,428.00 377.00 27.00 89.00 $178.50 111.44 55. 85 14.92 .51 404.. 50 121.08 10.00 9.30 JO 074 Per cent. i;7 7T 1911 .016 92.10 OSl 1 52 20 1912 ....do... 1913. do 030 11Q •}« 1914 2 .do . .417 .071 .062 .054 .191 10 '0 1914 8 2cents per pound.. do 28 33 1915 30 12 1916 do 500. 00 465. 00 37 04 1919'i .do . 10 45 ' Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. 2 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. 3 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, < Calendar year. underact of 1913. Cylinder and crown glass, unpolished, silvered, not exceeding 150 square inches — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Calendar year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. -Vctual and computed ad valorem rate. 1919 \l cent per pound., •ji cent per square I loot. 1 150 lbs 80.10 Percint. 204 sq. ft S15.00 $3.35 22.33 Cylinder, croivn, and common vnndow glass, unpolished, silvered, above 130 and not exceeding 384 square inches — Imports for coiisumplion — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duly collected. Value per unit of quantity. -Vf tualanil coiiiiiulcd ad \ alorem rate. 19141 (1 cent per pound < plus 1 cent per [ square foot. do 120,684 lbs.... (18,740 sq.ft.. r49,S93 1bs... \31,,53C sq. ft. } $1,479.00 \ 1,712.00 $394.24 814.29 1 50.072 Per rent. 1 26.66 } 47.56 1915 1 .034 ' 1 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 90 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Cylinder, crown, and common window glass, unpolished, silvered, above 384 and no exceeding 720 square inches — Imports for consmnjjtion — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. T,,,,.,, ' Value per coUectld i """°f coiiecrea. q^^Qtity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 19141 [IJ cents per pound \ plus 1 cent per [ square foot. do 16,600 lbs [6,100 sq.ft... /4,5001bs \4,000 sq.ft... /2201bs \209 sq.ft.... 1 $472. 00 1 309. 00 } 45. 00 $135. 26 1 $0,072 Per cent. 1 28. C6 1 29. 33 1915 90.63 4.57 f .069 1917 do / "265' \ 10. 15 \ 1 1 Oct. 4, 1913, to Juno 30, 1914, under act of 1913. Cylinder, crown, and common ivindow glass, unpolished, silvered, above 720 and not exceeding 1,200 square inches — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value i)er unit of quantity. Aetna land computed ad valorem rate. 1914 1. IJ cents per pound plus 1 cent per square foot. 26,460 lbs... 24,250 sq.ft. $1,868.00 $639. 40 0.071 Per cent. 34.23 1 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. Cylinder, croivn, and common window glass, unpolished, silvered, above 1,200 and not exceeding 2,400 square inches — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. i Duty I collected. qu^'tify. ^S. 13 4S3, 09S. 06 67,377 > July 1 to Aug. 5, 1909, under act of 1897. * Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. » July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. $33,848.50 36,514.00 38, 178. 50 133.00 63,508.25 65, 119. 26 64, 034. 28 90,266.00 27, 847. 00 69,010.00 41,703.00 25,034.00 17,311.00 2,540.00 1,429.00 4,695.00 4.00 14.70 4,592.00 6,417.00 5,132.00 11,479.00 i5,r>s:i.oo 13,235.00 32,860.00 3,N71.00 $5,392.94 5,939.27 5,161.87 41.79 10,627.83 I 10,868.67 ; 11,132.43 I 16, 170. 10 i 4,367.58 7,789.09 3, 743. 10 1,818.62 1,364.38 237.53 102. 31 308. 61 1.62 15.62 1,467.94 2, 177. 40 1,731.56 4,016.70 0,692.17 5, 481. ,18 10,701.12 1,456.87 $0,126 .122 .161 .052 .118 .111 .116 .129 .062 .059 . 051 .068 .057 Per cent. 15.93 16.26 13.52 31.42 16.73 16.69 17.39 16.80 15.68 .120 .176 .268 .225 .164 .277 .340 .049 .017 .07 I .064 .065 I 11.29 7.26 7.88 9.35 7.16 6.57 40.50 10.-. 83 31.97 33. 94 33.74 34.09 36.53 41.42 32. .S7 37. 64 * Oct. 4, 1913, to Juno 20, 1914, under act of 1913. ' Calendar year. I 92 TARIFF INFOEMATION SUIIVEYS. Cylinder, crown, and common window glass, unpolished, when bent, ground, obscured, frosted, sanded, enameled, beveled, etched, embossed, engraved, flashed, stained, colored, painted, or otherwise ornamented or decorated — Imports for consumption — Revenue — Continued. Fiscal year. 1914 1 . 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. 1918 2. 1919 2. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910; 1910 <. 1911.. 1910 <. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914 ; Rate of duty. Above 150 and not exceeding 884 square inches (toial). 1 cent per pound and 4 per cent.. do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Above 16 by U inches and not exceeding S4 by 30 inches. 2f cents per pound and 5 per cent . . . do do do Above S84 and not exceeding 120 sqaurc inches, val- ued at more than 2i cents per pound. 2 J cents per pound and 5 per cent... ....do per Above 384 and not exceeding 720 square inches, val- ued at more than 2^ cents pound. 2 J cents per pound and 5 percent... ....do ....do ....do ....do I Above 384 and no! exceeding 720 square inches i (total). 1914 1 j 1| cents per pound and 4 percent... 1915 1 do 1916 do 1916 8 Quantity. Value. 1917. 1918.. 1918 2. 1919 2. A bove 24 by 30 inch- es and not excied- ing24byS6 inches. 2| cents per pound and 5 per cent. 1908 do 1909 : do 19103 1 do 1907. li cents per pound and 4 per cent less 20 per cent.. 1 J cents per pound and 4 percent... do do do Pounds. 346,149 109,949 58,032 154,348 61,347 62, 454 80,728 169,693 98, 282 314,449 1,379 400 3, 040 1 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act 2 Calendar year. ^ July 1 to Aug. 5, 1909, under act of 1897. 151,. 560 175,001 184,450 107, 984 11,667 135,001 12, 224 12,606 2,756 13, 474 17,047 11,0.36 124, 155 39,554 31,910 36,950 533 of 1913. $20,085.00 7,141.00 6, 379. 00 15, 045. 00 9, 124. 00 9, 294. 00 14,576.00 8,967.00 5,915.00 19, 636. 00 59.00 Duty collected. 7.00 56.00 8,709.00 12,793.00 12, .380. 00 6, .385. 00 565. 00 7,345.00 764. 00 1,606.00 417. 00 1,091.00 1,907.00 1,. 333. 00 17,768.00 1,731.00 1,545.00 1,717.00 28.00 $4,264.89 1,38.5.13 835, 48 2,145.28 978. 43 996. 30 1,390.32 4,478.56 2. 629. 95 8. 449. 96 35.70 Value per unit of quantity. 9.35 71.20 4,035.00 4,795.95 4,999.70 2,883.88 30.5. 34 1,812.56 168. 08 208. 46 38.15 195. 22 268. 08 177.48 2, 107. 48 1,223.72 994.69 1,148.19 16.72 .058 .065 .110 .097 .149 .149 .181 .053 .06 .062 .043 .017 .018 .057 .073 .067 .059 .048 .054 .0625 .132 .1.51 .081 .112 .121 .143 .048 .046 .053 < Au?. 6, 1900, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. 5 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. 6 Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. TARIFF INFORMATION SniVFA'S, 93 Cylinder, croum, and covimon window glass, unpoiished, when lent, ground, olscured, frosted, sanded, enameled, beveled, etched, embossed, engraved, flashed, stained, colored, painted, or otherwise ornamented or decorated — Imports for consumption — Revenue — Continued. Fiscal j-ear. Ratejf duty Quantity. Value. Dutv collected. Value per unit of quantity. .Vctualand computed ad valorem rate. 19101 Above 7S0 and not exceeding S64 square inches. 21 cents per pound and 5 per cent. do Pounds. 31,412 66,779 33,487 84,356 8,556 95,557 12,773 6,539 036 55,651 20, 198 24,265 16,424 25,807 20, 187 30,491 150 33,627 34,885 26,889 21,863.50 5,892 341,763 259,878 295,304 31,843 324,741 288,099 220,842.67 247,730 12,255 223, 125 87,528 163, 163 69,269 16,641 25,791 69,420 11,413.00 3,374.00 1,645.00 4,066.00 439.00 5,673.00 676. 00 661.00 99.00 4,909.00 2,070.00 2,493.00 2, 629. 00 1,068.00 1,419.00 1,396.00 4.00 1,396.00 2,592.00 1,473.00 1,848.00 335.00 15,173.00 11,179.00 13,223.00 1,379.00 14,603.00 13,874.00 11,218.00 12,223.00 661.00 12,817.00 5,926.00 17,. 500. 00 8,, 599. 00 3,293.00 6,530.00 15,987.00 ?934.50 2,005.10 1,003.14 2,523.11 257.24 1,660.29 218. 65 124. 53 10.80 1,031.14 385. 77 463. 70 351.52 954. 40 752. 25 1,098.88 5.26 1,162.68 1,203.38 947. .56 802.95 208.25 14,002.01 10,629.21 12, KM. 19 1,302.87 12,910.98 11,497.43 8,8-12. 5;j 9,901.07 492. 02 4,696,27 1,878.22 3,759.31 1,612.75 443. 73 744.77 1,941.10 SO. 045 .050 .049 .048 .051 .059 .053 .101 .150 .088 .102 .103 .160 .065 .07 .046 .027 .042 .074 .055 .085 .057 .044 .043 .045 .0-13 .045 .0488 .051 .049 .054 .057 .068 .107 .124 .198 .25:3 .230 Pcrcevt. 66 14 1911 59 43 1912 do 60 98 1913 do 62 05 1914 2 do 58 60 1914' Above 7 SO and not exceeding 1,200 square inches {to- tals). U cents per pound plus 4 per cent, do 29.27 1915 32.34 1916 do 18.84 1916 « H cents per pound plus 4 per cent less 20 per cent. 1^ cents per pound plus 4 per cent. do 10.91 1917 1918 21.01 18.63 1918 5 do 18.60 1919 !> do 13.37 1907 Above ^iby 36 inch- es and not exceed- ing SOby 40 inches. 3§ cents per pound and 5 per cent. do 57.22 L908 53.01 1909 .do 78.72 1910'' ....do 131.50 19101 Above S64 and not exceeding 1,300 square inches. 3i cents per pound and 5 per cent. do 83.29 1911 48.74 1912 .....do 61.33 1913 do 43.45 19142 do 62.16 1907 Above SO by 40 inch- es and not exceed- ing 40by GO inches. Zl cents per pound and 5 per cent. do 92. 28 90S 95.08 909 ....do 91.54 1910 6 do 94.48 .910 > Above 1,200 and not exceeding 2,400 square inches. 3 J cents per pound and 5 per cent. do 88.05 911 82.87 1912 do 78.82 913 do 81.00 1914 2 .do 74.53 L9143 IJ cents per pound plus 4 per cent, do 30.64 915 31.70 L916 .do 21.48 L917 do 19.10 L918 do i 13.47 19185 do 1 11.41 L9195 do ' 12.14 1 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1919. 2 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. 3 Oct. 4, 1913, to Juno 30, 1914, under act of 1913. * Reciprocity treaty with Cuba. 5 Calendar year. 6 July 1 to -Vu;;. 5, 1909, under act of 1897. 94 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Cylinder, crown, and common windoiv glass, unpolished, when bent, ground, obscured, frosted, sanded, enameled, beveled, etched, embossed, engraved, flashed, stained, colored, "painted, or otherwise ornamented or decorated — Imports for consumption — Revenue — Continued. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907. . . .. Above 10 by 60 inches. 41 cents per pound and 5 per cent. do Pounds. Per cent. 1908 51 1,133 S3. 00 85.00 $2.38 53.82 SO. 059 .075 79.34 1909 . .. do 63.32 19101 Above 2, IfOO square inches. i\ cents per pound and 5 per cent. do 1911 4,916 1,195 6,520 403 1,876 988 372 372 28,278 732. 00 60.00 555.00 23.00 295.00 114. 00 76.00 76.00 5,278.00 203. 03 53.79 152.60 8.98 49.32 24.32 10.48 10.48 776. 68 .187 .050 .085 .057 .157 .115 .204 .204 .187 27.72 1913 ... ...do 89.63 19142 2 cents per pound plus 4 percent. . .. do 27.50 1915 39.04 1916 do 16.72 1917 do 21.33 1918 do 13.79 19183 do 13.79 19193 do 14.72 1 Aug. 6, 1909, to June .30, 1910, under act of 1909, 2 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 3 Calendar year. Cylinder and croxon glass, unpolished, silvered, and bent, ground, obscured, frosted sanded, enameled, beveled, etched, embossed, engraved, flashed, stained, colored, painted ornamented, or decorated — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1916 Not exceeding ISO square inches. I cents per pound and 1 cent per square foot plus 4 per cent. Above S8Jf and not exceeding 7Z0 square inches. 1 J cents per pound and 1 cent per square foot plus 4 percent. do Pounds. Squarefeet. \ " 1 8,846 f '3,384 / 8,846 i SI. 00 1,159.00 $0.18 179.72 $0,083 .131 Per cent. 1918 18.00 1 15.51 1 15. 51 1918' I 1 ISO m 179.72 f .131 ' Square feet. » Calendar year. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 95 Cylinder and croun glass, polished — Impcrtsfor consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. | Quantity. Value. Duty collected. V'alue per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.., 1914 1. 1914 2. 1915. 1916. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 19141. 1914 ». 1915. 1916. 1918. 1907. 1908.. 1909.. 1910 ». 1910 *. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914 «. 1914 '. 1915. 1916. Unsilvered—not ex- ceeding 16 by m inches. 4 cents per square foot. do do Not exceedino S84 square inches. 4 cents per square foot. do do do do 3 cents per square foot. do do Unsilvcred ■ — above 18 by 24 inches and not exceeding S4 by 30 inches. 6 cents per square foot. do do Above SS4 and not exceed ing 720 square inches. 6 cents per square foot. do do do do 4 cents per square foot. do do do Unsilvcred — above 24 by 30 inches and hot exceeding 24 by GO inches. 15 cents per square foot. do .do. .do. Above 720 and not exceeding 1,440 square inches. 12 cents per square foot. do do do do 7 cents per square foot. do do Square feet. 293,826.00 191,597.00 217, 592. 50 289,557.20 270, 125. 00 233,019.00 233,621.00 32, 936. 40 181,163.00 81,296.00 39, 430. 00 399,570.00 204,339.00 274,245.00 344,961.04 303,0.53.00 273,337.00 265, 370. 00 46,905.00 233,524.00 82,475.00 52,354.00 255. 00 79,239.00 70.682.00 23, 319. 67 1,080.00 45,335.00 72, 521. .50 66,679.00 78,035.00 10,112.00 110,116.00 31,019.00 16,79.1.00 357,550.00 41,309.00 45,078.00 58,698.00 55,609.00 47, 467. 00 45,933.00 6,404.00 33, 518. 00 14,559.00 8,001.00 86,320.00 49, 158. 00 62, 133. 00 77, 129. 00 67,532.00 59,3.5.5.00 54,587.00 9,673.00 47,941.00 15,989.00 8,7.59.00 307. 00 19,835.00 17,746.00 6,545,00 310.00 11,203.00 16,725.00 15,611.00 17, -127. 00 2,111.00 22,012.00 6,079.00 3,1,33.00 $11,753.04 7,663.88 8,703.70 11, 582.28 10, 805. 00 9, 320. 76 9, 344. 85 1,317.46 5,434.89 2,438.88 1, 182. 90 23,974.20 12,260.34 16,454,70 20,697.66 18,183.18 16,400.22 15; 922. 20 2,814.30 9,340.96 3,299.00 2,094.16 10.20 11,885.85 10,602.30 3,502.45 162.00 5,440.20 8,702.58 8,001.48 9,364.20 1,213.44 7,708.12 2,234.33 1,17.5.58 1 July 1 to Oct. 3,1913, under act of 1909. > Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 3 Julv 1 to Aug. 5, 1909, iHKicr act of 1807. * Aug. 6, 1909 ."to June 30, 1910, under act of 1900. 80. 196 .216 .207 .203 .206 .204 .197 .194 .185 .179 .203 .216 .241 .227 .224 .223 .217 .206 .206 .205 .194 .167 1.204 .25 .2.51 .280 .287 .247 .2.31 .234 .223 .209 .200 .190 .187 Per cent. 20.42 18.55 19.31 19.73 19.43 19.64 20.34 20.57 16.21 16.75 14.78 27.77 24.94 26.48 26.84 26.93 27.63 29.17 29.09 19.48 20.63 23.91 3.32 59.93 59. 74 53.51 52.26 48.56 52.03 51.26 .53. 73 .57. 48 35.02 36. 75 37.52 96 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Cylinder and crown glass, polished — Imports for consumption — Revenue — Continued. Fiscal year. Ra( e of duty. 1 Quantity. Value. Dutv Value per ,\e( ual and computed ad valorem rate. 1909 Unnlvered —above 14 by 60 inches. 20 cents per square foot. Above ] ,440 square inches. 15 cents per square foot. . do Square feet. 1,106.00 35,932.00 $1,302.00 9.168.00 S221.20 SI. 18 Per cent. 10. 99 19101 5,389.80 66.25 144.00 315. 45 58.10 58.40 .255 .985 .961 .689 .267 .267 58.79 191] 441.70 435.00 960.00 923.00 2 103.00 1 1 448.00 15.23 1912 do 15.00 1913 . . do 21.78 1914 2 10 cents per square foot. fin 581.00 155. 00 37. 48 1915 .... 584.00 156. 00 37.44 ! ' .-Vug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. 2 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. Cylinder and crown glass, polished, silvered, and looking-glass plates, exceeding in size 144 square inches — Imports j or consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year: Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Huty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 Not exceeding IS by 24 inches. 11 cents per square foot. do Square feet. 237. 00 1,493.90 248. SO 920. 00 1, 135. 40 108. 00 6.67 29,852.00 34, 475. 00 2,671.00 411. 00 134. 00 22.50 11.00 209. 00 1,138.00 5. 00 56,382.00 49,548.00 6,108.00 15. 00 15.00 $129. 00 230. 00 64.00 243. 00 338. 00 12.00 4.00 6,489.00 7,314.00 564. 00 275. 00 107.00 17.00 13.11 113.00 297. 00 9.00 12,867.00 10,.%9.00 1,332.00 15. 00 15.00 $26. 07 164. 33 27.37 101.20 124.89 11.88 .73 1,194.08 1,379.00 106. 84 53. 43 17.42 2.93 1.43 27.17 147. 94 .65 2,819.10 2,477.40 305. 40 . 75 . 75 $0. 544 .154 .257 .264 .298 .111 .599 .217 .212 .211 .669 .799 .756 1.19 .541 .261 1.80 .228 .219 .218 1.00 1.00 Per cent. 20.21 1908 71.44 1909 do 42.77 1910..; Not exceeding 384 square inches. 11 centsper square foot. do 41. 65 1911 36.74 1912 do 99.00 1913 .do IS. 25 19141. 4 centsper square foot. do 18.40 1915 18.85 1916 do 18.94 1907 Above 16 by 24 inches and not ceeding 24 by 30 inches. 13 cents per square foot. do 19.43 1908 16.28 1909. . .do 17.24 1910 Above S84 and not exceeding 720 square inches. 13 cents per square loot, do 10.91 1911 21.04 1912.. . do 49.81 1913 do 7.22 19141 5 cents per square foot. do do 21.91 1915 1916 22.79 22.93 191S .do 5. Oo 19182 do 5. 00 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 2 Calendar year. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 97 Cylinder and crown glass, polished, silvered, aiid looking-glass plates, exceeding in size 144 square inches— Imports for consumption — Revenue — Continued. Fiscal year. 1907. 1908. 1909. 19101. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 19142. 1915. 1916. 1907. 190S. 1909. 1916. Rate of duty. Above 24 by 30 inches and not exceeding 24 by GO inches. 25 cents per square foot. do do Above 720 square inches. 25 cents per square foot. do do do 8 cents per square foot. do do Above 2i by 60 inches. 38 cents per square foot. do do Above 1,440 sqvare inches. 11 cents per square foot. Quantity. Square feet. 419. 52 17S 195 24 74 5 4,423 5,323 S 1,396.50 3,742 24.76 Value. $184. 00 302.00 95.00 14.00 54.00 60.00 10.00 1,049.00 1,414.00 3.00 1,173.00 2,626.00 58.00 6.00 Duty collected. $104. 88 44.50 48.75 2.00 6.00 18. .50 1.25 353. 84 425.84 .64 530. 67 1,421.96 9.41 Value per unit of quantity. .\ctual and computed ad valorem I rate. $0,439 1.70 .497 1.75 2.25 .811 2.00 .237 .266 .375 .84 .702 2.35 .545 Per cent. 57.00 14.73 51.32 14.29 11.11 30.83 12.50 33.73 30.12 21.33 54.15 16.22 > Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. 2 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. Cylinder and crown glass, polished, unsilvered, when ground, bent, obscured, frosted, sanded, enameled, beveled, etched, embossed, engraved, flashed, stained, colored, painted, or otherwise ornamented or decorated — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. 1907 1908. 1909. 1910. Rate of duty. Net exceeding 16 by S4 inches. 4 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do do Not exceeding 384 square inches. 4 cents per square foot and 5 per 112,138 cent. 1911 do 142,452 1912 do 55,792 1913 i do 73,117 19141 do 10,964 1914» 3 cents per square 21,835 foot plus 4 per cent. 1915 ! do 15,823 1916 1 do 2,172 1919 ! ! do 518 1 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1908. * Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 47578— 21— B-9 7 Quantity. Square fed . 167,818 131,419 85,678 Value. $44,707.00 34,308.00 21,808.00 25,827.00 35,865.00 14,542.00 18, 550. 00 2,723.00 6,468.00 4,133.00 569.00 206.00 Duty collected. $8,948.07 6,972.16 4,517.52 5,776.87 7,491.33 2,9,58.78 3, 852. 18 574. 71 913.77 640.01 87.92 23.78 Value per unit of quantity. $0,266 .261 .254 .230 .252 .261 .254 .248 .296 .261 .262 .398 Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Percent. 20.01 20. 32 20.71 « Calendar years. 22.37 20.89 20.35 20.77 21.11 14.13 15.48 15.45 11.51 98 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Cylinder and crown glass, polished, unsilvered, when ground, he^it. obscured, frosted, sanded, enameled, beveled, etched, evihossed, engraved, flashed, stained, colored, -painted, or otherwise ornamented or decorated — Imports for consumption — Revenue — Contd. Fiscal year. 1907 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 19141. 19142. 1915. 1916. 1907 190S. 1909. 1910-5 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 19142. Rale of dutv. Above 16 by U ivches and not exceeding H by 30- inches. 6 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do do Above S84 and not exceeding 730 square inches. 6 cents per square foot and 5 per '^ent. do do do do 4 cents per square foot plus 4 per cent. do do Above 21t by 30 inches and not exceeding 34 by 60 inches. 1.5 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do do 1915. 1916. Above 720 and not exceeding 1,440 square inches. 12 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do do do 7 cents per square foot plus 4 per cent. do do Quantity. Square feet. 544, 165 225, 749 229, 259 303, 166 216,401 117,162 167, 877 29,331 84,891 26,408 2, 125 693 879 617 383 3,887 6,608 6,434 461 1,154 840 Value. • S137, 593. 00 61,215.00 61,460.00 Duty collected. S39, 529. 55 16,605.69 16,828.54 72,730.00 I 21,826.46 50,509.00 27, 249. 00 39, 851. 00 6,861.00 19,879.00 5,653.00 455.00 208. 00 268.00 161.00 122. 00 1,301.00 1,918.00 1,868.00 185. 00 290. 00 298.00 15, 509. 51 8, 392. 17 12,065.17 2,102.91 4, 190. 80 1,282.44 103. 20 145. 25 100.60 52.06 531 49 888. 86 865. 48 39.67 92.38 70.72 Value per unit of quantity. SO. 253 .271 .268 .240 .233 .233 .237 .234 .234 .214 .214 .300 .305 .261 .318 .335 .290 .290 .401 .251 .355 .\ctualand computed ad valorem rate. Per cent. 28. 73 27.12 27.38 30.01 30.71 30.80 30.28 30,65 21.08 22.69 22.68 54.98 54.19 62.48 42.67 40.85 46.34 46.33 21.44 31.86 23.73 1 Julv 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. 3 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. » Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. Cylinder and croivn glass, polished, when bent, ground, obscured, frosted, sanded, enam- eled, beveled, etched, embossed, engraved, flashed, stained, colored, painted, ornamented, or decorated, above 1,440 square inches — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. $2.73 .993 .168 Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1910' 15 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do Square feet. 1.5.00 139.00 184.00 S41.00 138. 00 31.00 S4.30 27.75 19.64 Per cent. 10 49 1911 20.10 1916 10 cents per square foot and 4 per cent ad valorem. 63 35 1 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30. 1910. under act of 1909. TARIFF IXFORMATION SURVEYS. 99 Cijlinder and croun glass, polished, silvered, when ground, bent, obscured, frosted, sanded, enameled, beveled, etched, embossed, engraved, flashed, stained, colored, painted, or otherwise ornamented or decorated — Imports for consumption — JRevenue. Piscal jear. Rate of duty. Xot erceding 16 by 2i inches. 11 cents per square foot and 5 per (■cut. do Xot exceeding 384 square inches. 11 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do 4 cents per square foot plus 4 per cent. do do Above 16 by 24 inches and not ex- ceeding iJf bv SO inches. 13 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do do Abooe SS't and not exceeding 7'20 square inches. 1.3 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do 5 cents per square foot plus 4 per cent. do do do do Above 24 by SO inches and not ex- ceeding 24 by 60 inches. i 5 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do Above 720 square inches. 25 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do do Above 720 square inches and not exceeding 1,440 square inches. 8 cents per square foot plus 4 per cent. do Quantity. Square feet. 470. 40 532.50 28.73 32, 843 27, 158 3, 445 600 8.50 105 863 104,113 80,251 17,083 39 4 145 564.82 187 < Oct. 4, 1913, to Juuo 30, 191 !, under 1,202 307 act of 1913. J233.00 5.00 183.00 20.00 7, 793. 00 6,194.00 853.00 66.00 177.00 15.00 39.00 290.00 24,796.00 19,954.0(3 4,234.00 67. 00 5.00 4.00 636. 00 66.00 447.00 147.00 445.00 87.00 Dutv I ^ali'eper collect^ I ^'"f couectea. t quantity. $63.39 .49 67.73 4.16 1,625.44 1,3.33.88 171.92 35.41 86.85 1.86 15.60 126. 69 6, 197. 49 4,810.69 1,023.51 4. 63 .40 2.20 517. 80 39.55 163.55 54.10 113.96 28.04 SO. 495 2.25 .344 .096 .237 .228 .248 .295 1.76 .371 .336 .238 .249 .248 1.71S 1.2.50 .791 ,786 . 2S3 Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Per cent. 27.21 25.61 32.23 = AuR. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1010, inidcr act of 1909. 100 TAEIFF IKF0EMATI0:N SURVEYS. Cylinder and crown glass, polished, silvered, when ground, bent, obscured, frosted, sanded, enameled, beveled, etched, embossed, engraved, flashed, stained, colored, painted, or otherwise ornamented or decorated — Imports for consumption — Revenue — Continued. Fiscal year. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. 1907 Above ZibyBO inches. 38 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do Square feet. 22 27.50 21 SIS. 00 225.00 9.00 S9.20 21.70 2.67 $0,818 8.18 .429 Per cent. 51.44 1908 9.64 1918 11 cents per square foot plus 4 per cent. 27.44 Cylinder, crown, and common windoiv glass, unpolished ^ — Domestic exports "^ {fiscal years) . Exported to — 1912 1913 United Kingdom Canada Central American States. Mexico Cuba Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Uruguay Venezuela Australia China Japan PhiUppines British South Africa Hongkong Another $1,125 13, 172 5,224 38,415 1,381 235 89,312 46, 187 7,792 34, 497 5,137 253 183 15 727 362 131 ?74,050 4,081 25, 666 2,187 962 S50 398,571 5,003 18,528 4,586 $511 276,987 7,387 11,856 3,045 593 815 200 119 622 1,792 1,042 993 1,015 491 1,354 26 2,102 292 3,905 1,002 7,367 4,258 Total. 67,995 121,339 114, 109 474 861 168 15 6,002 54 2,658 1,880 434,361 311,339 1 Figures for 1911 are for six months only, January to Jime, inclusive, s Quantity not stated prior to 1915. Cylinder, crown, and common ivindow glass, unpolished — Domestic exports (fiscal years). Exported to— Boxes (50 square feet). Value. 1916 Boxes (50 square feet). Value. 1917 Boxes (50 square feet). Value. 1918 Boxes (50 square feet). Value. France United Kingdom Canada Central American States Mexico Cuba Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Uruguay Venezuela Australia China Japan Philippines British South Africa.. Hongkong All other 1,324 100, 171 262,048 1,372 4,502 21,110 12,246 16, 329 3,708 437 1,134 324 34,618 3,627 6,928 1,102 1,948 2,457 13,903 $4,714 250,688 636,059 5,973 13,144 59, 046 52, 629 70,536 20,605 2,489 5,904 1,746 180,571 13,731 33,249 4,750 10,420 11,187 65,672 Total j 489,288 1,443,113 7,507 69, 892 371, 639 4,739 6,048 28,945 52,621 34,333 30,654 1,592 6,060 873 64,586 48,576 56, 950 6,152 10, 891 35,717 57,021 $34,107 213,851 971,798 20,785 17,671 84,967 247,433 160,023 129, 299 8,601 27,844 4,354 307, 155 191,768 246,056 30, 189 50, 112 141,965 235,938 6,300 $22,616 20,971 ! 71,306 492,979 11,469,180 $3 9,762 8,726 31,520 35,322 40,148 35,706 10,060 3,908 2,441 64, 810 34,565 48,900 5,401 16, 171 14,342 60,616 894,796 [3,123,916 , 942,648 47,144 43,763 116,803 172,239 188,239 147, 280 51,885 20,966 11,419 332,403 135,823 225, 138 25,319 72,873 60,570 268,630 455, 087 4,487 21,130 28,924 26,963 23, 852 57,300 2,177 5,607 643 38,027 5,244 6,742 9,635 4,040 2,443 26, 141 1,880,459 29,811 114,409 136,243 195, 859 133,675 278,052 13,813 40,744 4,794 254,252 22,814 45,556 52,442 24,847 12,880 160, 467 3,483,596 718,443 3,401,120 TARIFF IXFOEMATIOX SURVEYS. 101 Common window glass — Domestic exports (calendar years). All Europe Canada Mexico Cuba... Argentina Brazil Chile Peru UrufTuay Australia New Zealand Philippines British South Africa . All other Total 6,492,608 Common window glass, cylinder — Wholesale prices, United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. (American window glass, single strength, average wholesale prices.) Average price per 50 square feet. Year. Average price per 50 square feet. Year. 25 inches, 6 by 8 to 10 by 15 inches. 25 inches, 6 by 8 to 10 by 15 incfics. 1 25 inches, 6 by 8 to 10 by 15 inches. 25 inches, 6 by 8 to 10 by 15 inches. A. AA. B. A. AA. B. 1890 $2.2283 2.2125 1.9935 2. 1375 1.9918 1. 5988 1.8021 2. 1986 2. 6432 2. 7081 2. 6990 4. 1282 3. 2187 2.6400 2. 8867 2. 7637 SI. 7858 1.7700 1. 5948 1. 7100 1.6326 1.3919 1.6000 ' 1.9630 2.3428 2.3986 2.3194 3.3823 2.5649 2, 1600 2. 3283 2.1365 1906 $2.9916 2. 8133 2. 3600 2.3200 2.9300 2.2533 2.2400 2.7200 2.7200 2.9750 3. 6750 4.7968 7. 3417 $2.2563 1891 1907 2.2419 1892 1908 ' 1.8806 1893 1909 i 1.8488 1894 1910 2. 3375 1895 1911 1.7956 1896 1912 1.7850 1897 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 October, 1920. S2. 2738 2. 2738 2.5500 3. 1500 4. 1230 6. 3222 6. 5540 6.9000 2. 2207 1898 2. 1675 1899 2.4225 1900 2. 4938 1901 3.3250 1902 5. 6885 1903 6.2260 1904 6. 5550 1905 102 TAEIFF IXFORMATIOjST SURVEYS. RATES OF DUTY. Glass, cylinder, crown, and common window glass, unpolished. Act of— 18S3 1S90 1894 1897 1909 1913 Par. 138 112 91 101 85 Tarill classification or description. Unpolished cylinder, crow-n, and common window glass, not ex- ceeding 10 by 15 inclies square. Above that, and not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square All above that Provided, That unpoUshed cylinder, c^o^\'n, and common window glass, imported in boxes containing 50 square feet, as nearly as sizes will permit, now kno\\'n and commerciailj- designated as Bo feet of glass, single tliick and weighing not to exceed 55 pounds of glass per box, shall be entered and computed as 50 pounds of glass only; and that said kinds of glass imported in boxes containing, as nearly as sizes will permit, 50 feet of glass, now kno\\'Ti and commercially designated as 50 feet of glass, double thick and not exceeding 90 pounds in weight, shall be entered and computed as 80 pounds of glass only; but in all other cases the duty shall be computed ac- cording to the actual weight of the glass. UnpoUshed cylinder, crown, and common wndow glass, not exceed- ing 10 by 15 inches square. Above that, and not exceeding 16 by 24 inclies square Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 36 inches square All above that Provided, That unpolished cylinder, crown, and common window glass, imported in boxes, shall contain 50 square feet, as nearly as sizes will permit, and the duty shall be computed thereon accord- ing to the actual weiglit of glass. Unpolished cylinder, cro^vn, and common window glass, not ex- ceeding 10 by 15 inches square. Above that and not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square Above that and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square - Above that and not exceeding 24 b}' 36 Inches square All above that Provided, That unpoUshed cylinder, crown, and common window glass, imported in boxes, shall be packed 50 square feet per box, as nearly as sizes vs'ill permit, and the duty shall be computed thereon according to the actual weight of the glass. UnpoUshed cylinder, erowTi, and common window glass, not ex- ceeding 10 by 15 inches square. Above that and not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square Above that and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square Above that and not exceeding 24 by 36 inches square Above that and not exceeding 30 by 40 inches square Above that and not exceeding 40 by 60 inches square Above that Provided, That impoUshed cylinder, crown, and common window glass, imported in boxes, shall contain 50 square feet, as nearly as sizes will permit, and the duty shall be computed thereon accord- ing to the actual weight of glass. Unpolished cyUnder, crown, and common window glass, not exceeding 150 square inches, valued at not more than IJ cents per pound. Valued at not more than U cents per pound Above that and not exceeding 384 square inches, valued at not more than IJ cents per pound. Valued at more than 1 J cents per poimd Above that and not exceeding 720 square inches, valued at not more than 2^ cents per pound. Valued at more than 2| cents per pound Above that and not exceeding 864 square inches Above that and not exceeding 1,200 square inches Above that and not exceeding 2.400 square inches Above that Provided, That mipolished cylinder, crown, and common win- dow glass, imported in boxes," shall contain 50 square feet, as nearly as sizes will permit, and the duty shall be computed thereon according to the actual weight of glass." Unpolished cyUnder, crown, and common window glass, not exceed- ing 150 square inches. Above that and not exceeding 384 square inches Above that and not exceeding 720 square inches Above that and not exceeding 1,200 square inches Above that and not exceeding 2,400 square inches Above that Provided, That unpolished cj'Under, crown, and common win- dow glass, imported in boxes, shall contain 50 square feet, as nearly as sizes will permit, and the dut.y shall be computed thereon according to tlie actual weight of glass. Rates of duty, specific and ad valorem. If cents per pound. li cents per pound. 2| cents per pound. 2| cents per pound. If cents per poimd. li cents per pound. 21 cents per pound. 2| cents per pound. 3 J cent 3 per pound. 1 cent per pound. li cents per pound. l| cents per pound. 2 cents per pound. 2| cents per pound. If cents per pound. 11 cents per pound. 2| cents per pound. 2J cents per pound. 31 cents per pound. 3| cents per pound. 4| cents per pound. li cents per pound. If cents per pound. 1£ cents per pound. 1| cents per pound. 2i cents per pound. 2| cents per pound. 2-J cents per pound. 3i cents per poimd. 3| cents per poimd. 4i cents per pound. J cent per poimd. 1 cent per pound. IJ cents per pound. U cents per pound. l| cents per pound. 2 cents per pound. TAKirF IXFORMATIOX SURVEYS. Cylinder and crown glass, polished. 103 1890 1894 1897 1913 113 102 100 Cylinder and crown glass, polished, not exceeding lOby ISinches square. Above that, and not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches square 1 All above that I CyUnder and crown glass, polished, not exceeding 16 bv24 inches I square. ' " , Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square i Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches square I Above that ; CyMnder and crown glass, polished, not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square. AboA e that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches square ■ Above that Cylinder and crownglass, polished, not exceeding 16by 24inches ! square. ! Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square ' Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches square Above that CyUnder and crown glass, pohshed, not exceeding 384 square i inches. 1 Above that, and not exceeding 720 square inches Above that, and not exceeding 1,440 square inches Above that j Cylinder and crown glass, polished, not exceeding 384 square | inches. Above that, and not exceeding 720 square inches ' Above that, and not exceeding 1,440 square inches Above that i 2 J cents persquare foot. 4 cent s per square foot. 6 cents per square foot. 20centspersquarefoot. 40ccnts persquare foot. 4 cents per square foot. 6 cents per square foot. 20ccnts persquare foot. 40cents persquare foot. 2i cent s per square foot. 4 cents per square foot. 15 cents per square foot. 20cents persquare foot. 4 cents per square foot. 6 cents per square foot, loccnts persquare foot. 20centspers(iuarefoot. 4 cents per square foot. 6 cents per square foot. 12 cents persquare foor. 15centsper square foot. 3 cents per square foot. 4 cents per square foot. 7 cents per square foot. lOccntspersquarefoot . Court and Treasury Decisions. Window glass as a material should be distinguished from com- pleted articles made from such material. Glass signs made of cyl- inder glass, sand blasted and colored, their edges ground, bearing the word "Exit" stenciled by sand blasting or etched with acid, ready for use, were therefore held to be too far advanced or processed to be dutiable as glass under paragraphs 85 and 90, and were dutiable as glass articles, colored and sand blasted, under paragrajdi 84 (United States r. Bache & Co., 7 Ct. Cust. Appls., 445, of 1917). Goggle glasses are also not classable as window glass (American Thermo-Ware Co. v. United States, 6 Ct. Cust. Appls., 218, of 1915). Glass microscope slides have been held to be dutiable under the provision for glass (Abstracts 37238 and 37370 of 1915), but articles composed of cylinder, crown, or window glass of various sizes, con- caved, beveled, or plain, and ready for separate uses, such as micro- scope slides, watch-cover glasses, cover glasses, clock glasses, etc., are now classified as manufactures of glass under paragraph 95 rather than as glass, followhig the above court decisions (T. D. 37316 of 1917), as are microscope cover glasses (G. A. 8301, T. D. 38182 of 1919). Glass claimed to be free of duty under tlie provision in ])aragra]'»h 577 of the act of 1909 for glass plates or disks, rough cut or uuwrought, for use in the manufacture of optical histrumeuts, s]M>ctacles, aiul eyeglasses, and suitable only for such use (paragra])h 494, act of 1913), was shown to be used for other purposes, viz, occasionally in art-glass work, for moving-picture slides and set in a frame in front of a furnace, was held pro]->erlv classified as cylinder glass, colored, under paragraphs 99 and 104. "(Abstract 36798, T. I). 34871 of 1914.) Boxes containing more than 50 square feet. — ^Glass dutiable under paragraph 85 may be packed in boxes containing multii)les of 50 square feet. (T. D. 34388 of 1914; o])inion of Attorney General.) CAST POLISHED PLATE GLASS, UNSILVERED. CAST POLISHED GLASS. Summary. The essential properties of polished plate glass are transparency, homogeneity, and strength. For some years it has been in general use for glazing in first-class buildings. It is practically the only glass used for mirrors. It is used also for tables, desks, and other furniture and for automobiles, ship lights, and many other purposes. Over 60,000,000 square feet of polished plate glass was produced in 1914. The 1914 output in square feet was 11.6 per cent of the total of all building glass. The output of window glass was 77 per cent of the total. In value, however, plate glass was 40.1 per cent of the value of all building glass as compared with 48.2 per cent in value for window glass. In 1917 the domestic output of polished plate glass was about 75,000,000 square feet. In 1913, 71.05 per cent of the polished plate glass imports were of the sizes not exceeding 720 square inches, and in 1914 this class of imports was 63.64 per cent of the total. The imports of glass 384 square inches or less were 2.8 per cent of the total in 1914. It is of the imports of these small sizes of 5 square feet and less that American plate glass manufacturers complain. The American producer of 47 per cent of all plate glass stated (1916) that " the average price secured for all the glass sold under 5 square feet has always netted a loss to the manufacturer," and that 40 to 45 per cent of the total production is cut down and sold in the small brackets under 10 square feet. The imports of all sizes of plate glass in 1899 were 5.48 per cent of the domestic production of that year and the imports during the fiscal year 1914 were 4.67 per cent of the domestic production of 1914. American mirror manufacturers have been importing for years 75 per cent of the plate glass they used on account of the superior quality of the foreign product. Under the higher duties of the act of 1897 during the five years 1903 to 1907 there were annual average imports of 4,000,000 square feet of glass not exceeding 5 square feet in size, and the imports of these small sizes were also larger in the years 1910- 11, following the enactment of the act of 1909, than those following the reduction of the rates of duty in the act of 1913. Apparently, therefore, the imports of much of the plate glass were in response to the requirements of American mirror manufacturers for the higher grades made in foreign countries. They also were influenced by market conditions here and abroad and these were governed by domestic shortage of supply at times. A plate-glass syndicate or trust has been in existence in Belgium which carefully regulates the production of its manufacturing mem- bers, following the world's markets closely for the purpose of prevent- ing overproduction and of giving stability to selling prices. 104 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 105 Cast polished plate glass, unsilvered — Summary table. Domestic Imports for con- sumption. Domes e-xport Ratio to production, tic production. s. Imports. Exports. Fiscal year: 1910 . $702,039 853,907 276,451 247,015 631,618 100, 400 3,778 13,787 815, 29, 50, 58, 35, 831, 1,568, 2, 223, 2,451, 3, 155, Per cent. )16 Per cent. 1911... .... 383 1912. .. 754 1913 ?30 1914 $14,773,787 767 4.3 727 , 0.24 1915 .. . 1916 181 1917 . 329 1918 918 ' Calendar year: 1918 . S27 1919 3,055 4.221.360 i Year. Value (im- ports for consumi> tion). ,\mount of duty. Value per unit 1 of quantity. Equivalent ad valorem rate. 1910 8702,039 853,907 276, 451 247,015 631,618 100, 400 3,778 13,787 3.055 8433,971 542,821 176,778 156,017 265, 909 38,757 1,477 1,613 447 SO. 223 .220 .249 .231 .224 . 225 .274 1,022 .140 Per cent. 61.82 1911 63.57 1912 &3.95 1913 61.14 1914 42.10 1915 38. 60 1916 39. 52 1917 11.70 19192. . 14.63 1 Square foot. ^ Calendar year. General Information, description. Plate glass possesses the properties of transparency, homogeneity, and strength in a greater degree than window glass. It is similar to the latter in that the ingredients composing it are practically the same. The methods of manufacture, however, differ greatly. USES. It is used for general glazing of high-class huildings, for mirrors, for store fronts, show cases, ta])lc ami desk and other furniture covering, buffets, taborets, and shelving. Plate glass one-cjuarter of an inch in thickness is the standard size. (3ne-eic;hth inch is used by car builders and for motor-car wind shields. Glass thicker than the standard size is used for port and deck lights on ships, aquariums, and counter tops. Window glass competes with plate glass and is often substituted for the latter in building construction. Window glass sells at a price about 25 per cent below that of plate glass. DOMESTIC PRODUCTION. In 1917 there were nine companies operating 15 plate-glass facto- ries in six States and producing approximately 75,000.000 square feet of polished plate glass. The production of polislied plate glass in 1914 was 60,383,516 square feet, valued at $14,773,787. This 106 TAEIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. was an increase of 12.2 per cent in quantiW and 85.2 per cent in value over the production of 1904. The 1914 output in square feet was 11.6 per cent of the total of all building glass as compared with 77 per cent of window glass. Tn value, plate glass was 40.1 per cent of all building glass as compared with 48. 2 per cent for window glass. Plate glass has made inroads upon the window-glass industry for building purposes since its development. Matenals. — In the production of polished plate glass, in addition to the principal batch materials of silica sand, limestone, soda ash, salt cake, and arsenic, there are finishing and other essential materials such as carbon, copperas, grinding sand, rouge, felt, emer)^, gypsum, and pot clay. All of these are domestic materials. Turkish emery and German pot clay were imported before the war. Equipment. — Melting pots having about 25 days' of usefulness, liftino; cranes, casting tables, rollers, annealing ovens, revolving grinding tables, and polishing tables are the principal items of equipment in making, and, if the glass is beveled, roughing mills, bevelers, emery mills, smoother mills, abrasive wheels, and buffet polishers. Methods of production. — The pot usually containing about a ton of molten glass, is taken from the furnace by wrought-iron tongs attached to an electrically operated traveling crane. After the surface impuri- ties are skimmed it is carried to the casting table. The pot is tipped on the table, v>^hich is of iron, with a smooth, highly polished, trued surface, and from 12 to 16^- feet in width and 20 to 27} feet in length, and as the molten glass is poured or cast a heavy roller attached to the table quicMy passes over the glass, rolling it into a sheet of uniform thickness. After tempering in the leer the rough opaque plate glass has the rough edges cut off and the glass cut to the desired size. The r' iss is then ground on a revolving iron table by means of sharp ri\ sand, w^ater, and revolving iron runners. After being ground it is placed on a polishing table and with rouge and water and felt-covered oscilating blocks or disks the glass is polished. The grinding and polishing processes on both sides reduces the glass to about one-half its original thickness. Organization. — In six plate-glass establishments the amount of capital employed in 1916 was S9, 720, 629, and the net sales were $4,930,141. The total value of the land, buildings, and equipment was S6, 176,867. The average profit on capital invested was 4.14 per cent and the highest 6.6 per cent. The factories included above are independent plate-glass manufactories. The most important plate-glass company is not included in the above data. This concern operates seven plate-glass and two window-glass factories. It produces about 47 per cent of all plate glass manufacured in the United States. It owns a plate-glass factory in Belgium and operated it before the war. Since 1913 its output (to 1918) increased nearly 29 per cent. Its capitalization (1916) was $25,000,000. About 45 per cent of the assets of the company are invested in the production of plate glass and the company states that its profits have to a much greater extent been realized ifrom its other investments, which are both commercial and in other lines of manufacture. The printed annual report of the companv states that for the year 1916 its total sales (plate glass and other) amounted to $31,580,255.74. The earnings were $6,886,188.57. The usual dividends of 12 per cent TAEIFF IITFOKMATION SURVEYS. 107 on the preferred stock and If per cent quarterly on the common stock were paid during the year, and the sum of 8915,957.51 was charged for depreciation, leaVing a balance of S4,8Sl,2ol.l6, which was added to the surplus account. Domestic exports. — Prior to the war plate-glass exports were yery small. The yalue of the exports in 1912 was S50.754; in 191.3, S58,830; in 1914, S35,767; while in 1917 the exports of American plate glass were $2,223,329, or oyer 6,115 per cent more than in 1914 This great increase was due to the cessation of production in Belgium, France, and Germany. FOREIGN PRODUCTION. Statistics of foreign production of plate glass are not obtainable, l)ut the potential competitiye power of European countries is indi- cated in their exports. Six foreign producing countries in 1913 exported polished plate glass yalued at $11,493,122. Of this total Belgium exported 49 per cent; Germany, 25 per cent; England, 17 per cent; France, 4 per cent; Netherlands, 3 per cent; and Austria, 2 per cent. Of this total of nearly eleyen and one-half million dollars the general imports of plate glass into the United States in 1913 amounted to but $321,605 and the amount entered for con- sumption was yalued at $247,015, upon which duties amounting to $156,017 were collected. A report on the condition of the Belgian glass industry by Consul Charles Roy Nasmith, Brussels, under date of March 13, 1919, states: With the exception of the plate-glass factory at Coiircelles, the property of an American plate-glass concern, the Belgian factories have not suffered very much. The Germans took away all the copper and some of the machinery. The plate-glass factories of Floreffe will be in operation in a month's time, and in two or three months the majority of the factories will be running. The glass factory of Charleroi has been making a special glass called "rolled glass" during the past month, but at a reduced output. This sells for 12 francs ($2.32) per sqiiare meter loaded on car in factory. Consul General George E. Anderson, Honkong, British China, reports (April, 1919): The import trade in various forms of glass in Hongkong during 1918 had a number of surprises, one of them being that, despite war troubles and the extreme shortage of sliipping space, Great Britain was able to supply the market with considerable plate glass for mirror making. Such imports were for old customers only; the trade was limited and the prices were high. British manufacturers were able to keep this trade because of their ability to furnish the glass promptly, making deliveries within six or seven months after the dispatch of the order, and prompt deliveries are an important factor in the Hongkong plate-glass trade, at times being much more impor- tant than prices. Imports of plate glass of all sorts during the year for local use amounted to only about 50,000 square feet, as compared with about 100,000 square feet in l!)17 and considerably larger quantities in normal years. Of this amount the United Slates furnished about 42,000 square feet and Great Britain ])ractically the whole of the remainder. The trade during the year was mostly in small sizes, as large stock sizes were available only from the United States and in limited quantities. Im]wrta of figured rolled glass for local use during the year are placed by the chief importers at about 5,500 square feet and came almost altogether from Great Britain. There were some imports of wired glass from the United States, which were reexported. IMPORTS, The polished plate glass, unsilvered, produced in 1914 was valued at $14,773,787, the imports of 1913 were valued at $321,605, or 2.18 per cent of the production of 1914, while the value of the imports of 1914 was $727,889, or 4.93 per cent of the domestic production. The 108 TAKIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. platei'glass imported was mainly of the finer and more expensive grades, and used for mirrors. American mirror manufacturers in- formed the Tariff Commission that prior to the war they imported about 75 per cent of the plate ^lass they used as it was superior in quality to the domestic product for the making of high-grade mirrors. With the exception of the finer imported grades, domestic production is sufficient to supply the domestic consumption. Since the year 1900, the imports of plate glass have ranged from $252,999 in that vear to SI, 519,296 in 1906, dropping to S247,015 in 1913, increasing to $631,618 in 1914 and decreasing to $100,400 in 1915 and to $3,778 in 1916. Summary tables of imports are given on page 105. PRICES. The table on page 125 of the average wholesale prices since 1905 for polished plate glass for glazing having an area of from 3 to 5 square feet, shows some surprising fluctuations. The average price per square foot for the year 1905 was 19.75 cents; the next year the average was 22.67 cents. In 1908 it dropped to 17.33 cents, but two years later it jumped to 24.92 cents. In 1913, the jesLT before the war, it was 23.67, or 24 per cent higher than in 1905. In 1915 it dropped to 18.67 cents and the next year it soared to 29.17 cents, due to foreign demand, which led to an export trade in Ameri- can plate glass for the first time in the history of the industry. In 1913 the leading producer stated that "The average price secured for all the glass sold under 5 square feet has always netted a loss to the manufacturer,'' It is stated that the percentage of the small- bracket glass (under 10 square feet) produced has ranged for many years from 20 to 25 per cent of the total production.^ But the sales of small-bracket glass ranged from 60 to 70 per cent of the total production. In the year 1915 the sales of small glass (under 10 square feet) of the company producing 47 per cent of all plate glass amounted to 64.49 per cent, so that oi the total production 40 to 45 per cent manufactured as large glass is, of necessity, cut down and sold in the small brackets. TARIFF HISTORY. During the 15-year period from 1894 to 1909, covering the life of two tariff acts, there were four classifications of imported plate glass for dutiable purposes, as follows : Rates of duty per square foot. Not exceeding 16 by 24 inches Above 10 by 24 and not over 24 by 30 inches . Above 24 by 30 and not over 24 by GO inches . All above 24 by 60 inches 1 W. L. clause. TAPJFF IXFORMATION SURVEYS. 109- It will be noted that while the rates in the two small brackets were increased in the act of 1897 to 8 and 10 cents, the rates of the act of 1894 were left unchanged in the larger sizes. The average ad valorem rate in 1896 and 1897 under the act was 47.14 and 40.36 per cent, respectively, and the total imports were $763,892 in 1896 and $308,037 in 1897. The average ad valorem rates under the act of 1897 ranged from 85.94 per cent in 1902 to 52.85 per cent in 1909 and the imports ranged from the lowest in 1899 of $231,747 to the highest in 1906 of $1,519,296. The act of 1909 changed the classification and reduced the number of rates of duty from four to three, and this classification was adhered to in the act of 1913 and with rates of duty as follows: Rates of duty per square foot. Act of Aci of 1909. ' 1913. Not exceeding 381 square inches (16 bv 24) . Above 384 and not above 720 (24 by 30) Above 720 square inches (24 by 30) SO. 10 .125 .225 $0. 06 Under the act of 1909 the average ad valorem rate of duty was 61.82 per cent in 1910, 63.57 per cent in 1911, 63.95 per cent in 1912,. and 61.14 per cent in 1913. The imports in 1910 amounted to $702,039; in 1911, $853,907; in 1912, $276,451; and in 1913, $247,015. Under the act of 1913 the average ad valorem was 42.10 per cent in 1914, 38.6 per cent in 1915, and 39.52 per cent in 1916. Tlie imports in 1914 were $631,618; in 1915, $100,400; in 1916, $3,778. In 1913, 71.05 per cent of the plate-glass imports were of the sizes above 384 and not exceeding 720 square inches, while in 1914 63.64 per cent of the imports were in this group. COISIPETITIVE CONDITIONS AND TARIFF CONSIDERATIONS. The head of the American company making 47 per cent of the total of plate glass produced stated to the Tariff Commission that "The protection afforded by the Underwood bill was inadequate as related to the small sizes of plate glass, and imports began to increase imme- diately after the passage of that bill. Small sizes are those under 5 square feet and even up to 10 square feet.'' The protection, he maintained, was especially inadequate as to sizes under 5 S([uarc feet. The figures of imports for the fiscal years preceding and following the act of 1913 show that 71.05 per cent of the plate galss imported in 1913 under the tarift' act of 1909 was of the sizes not exceeding 5 square feet, and in the fiscal year following they were 63.64 per cent of the total imports. Under the act of 1904 the imports of plate glass not exceeding 5 square feet in 1910 and 1911 were 2,616,432 and 3,190,700 square feet, while for the fiscal year of 1914 following the enactment of the law of 1913 they were 1,890,967 square feet in a total of 2,077,718 for the whole year. 110 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. It would appear that the changes in tariff rates in the different tariff acts did not affect the importation of the small sizes of plate glass and that they were governed by other market conditions. The imports of all sizes in 1899 were 5.48 per cent of the domestic production of 1899, while the imports during the fiscal year of 1914 were 4.67 per cent of the domestic production of 1914. American mirror manufacturers have imported 75 per cent of the plate glass they used in making high-grade mirrors on account of the superior quality of the product of France, Belgium, and Germany, and when the imports from these countries ceased the mirror manu- facturers were unable to obtain enough plate glass to meet their demands for the best grade of mirrors for the reason that the produc- tion of the best grade of domestic plate has been very limited. The proportion of imported plate glass used by mirror manufacturers depended upon market conditions here and abroad. At times when the domestic supply was short imports increased and when the Amer- ican market was depressed and the foreign market uniform, as has been the case since 1905, the consumption of imported glass was reduced. ROUGH, ROLLED, RIBBED, AND FLUTED PLATE GLASS. TARIFF CLASSIFICATION. Tariff act of 1913, paragraph 87, fluted, rolled, ribbed, or rough plate ^lass, or the same containing a wire netting within itself, not including crown, cylinder, or common window glass, not exceeding 384 square inches, one-half cent per square foot ; all above that, 1 cent per square foot; and all fluted, rolled, ribbed, or rough plate ^lass, weighing over 100 pounds per 100 square feet, shall pay an additional duty on the excess at the same rates herein imposed: Provided, That all of ihe above plate glass when ground, smoothed, or otherwise obscured, shall be subject to the same rate of duty as cast. r»oli«hArl plate glass, unsilvered. DESCRIPTION AND TTSF«. Rough plate glass is an intermediate product which seldom enters the open market. Plastic glass is poured on the casting table, rolled to any desired thickness, and then annealed. In the ordinary course of events the rough slab is sent direct to the polishing room, but small amounts enter the market as substitutes for obscured glass. Fluted and other rolled plate glass are produced by passing the plastic glass slab through corrugated or engraved rolls. Flaws can not be detected in this class of material and for this reason a cheaper grade of glass can be used than is necessary for polished plate. Rolled plate glass is consumed in large quantities by window manu- facturers for skylights, factory windows, and, in fact, for all work where transparency is unnecessary or objectionable. The product has many advantages not possessed by polished plate. It is cheaper than either polished or ground glass because no material is lost through a polishing operation and the entire cost of grinding or polishing is ehminated. The rough surface acts like a large number of prisms which disperse the light and convert the sun's rays into an even illumination. The material is translucent and is ideal for all uses ■where transparency is not important. TARIFF IXFOEMATION SUEATSYS. Ill PRODUCTIOX. Rolled glass is produced by the plate and window glass manufac- turers and tlie protluction figures are not kept separate. In 1917 21 companies operating 25 factories in seven States were engaged in the manufacture of rough rolled, wire glass, and other mit glass specialties. The production is considerable and is increasing. IMPORTS. The importations of rough and rolled plate glass ranged from $13,000 to $16,000 per annum during the period fi'om 1010 to 1914. Imports decreased during the war and in 1919 (calendar year) the importations were only $1,448. The bulk of the imports before the war consisted of glass larger than 384 square inches, but importations of the larger sizes decreased rapidly after 1914, and during 1916, 1917, and 1918 most of the material was 384 inches in area. Rolled, ribbed, fluted, or rough plate glass — Summary of imports for consuviption. Not ex- ceeding 384 square inches. 384 to 720 square inches. Over 720 square inches. Over 384 square inches. Total. Fiscal vear : 1910 ^,367 5,066 4,489 5,067 1,684 3,630 5,226 2,691 1,202 1,178 3,161 $6 8 Sll,993 8,096 10,025 9,341 1,118 S16,366 1911 13, 170 1912 14,514 1913. 404 166 14, 812 1914' 2,968 1914 2 S8,609 7,516 1,835 800 1,061 710 1,448 2,941 12,239 1915 12,724 1916 . 4,626 1917. 2,002 1918. 2,239 Calendar year: 1918 3,871 1919. 1,448 1920 2,435 5,376 1 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, un Jer act of 1909. 2 Oct. 4, 1913, to Juno 30, 1914, under act of 1913. TARIFF HISTORY. The following is a table of the tariff classifiq^tion of rough, rolled, ribbed, and fluted plate glass in the various tariff acts since 1883. In all the acts mentioned, material weighing more than 100 pounds per 100 sc^uare feet is subject to duty on the excess at the same rates. In the act of 1890 and all subsequent acts, glass of this nature which had been ground or obscured was dutiable at the rate applicable to cast polished plate glass. [In cents per square foot.] Tarifl act of— Not ex- ceeding 150 square inches. More than 150, but not ox- cccding384 square inches. Not ex- ceeding 384 sciuare inches. More than 3H4.1mt not ex- ceeding 720 s(iuare inches. More than 72()s(iuarc inches. More than 3S4 siiuaro inches. 1883 I. 1890'. 1894 1. 1897'. 1909.. 1913.. 1 in the acts prior to 1909 specific sizes were mentioned as limits (10 by 15, 16 by 24, 24 by 30, and above 24 by 30 instead of the equivalent number of square inches. 112 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS. Domestic manufacturers are in a position to manufacture rolled plate glass very efficiently. The manufacturing process is largely machine work and the labor factor is reduced to a minimum by the use of handling and conveying machine^3^ Rolled plate glass competes with polished plate glass, cylinder glass^ and ground glass. It is cheaper than either polished or ground plate^ but more expensive than common window glass. PLATE GLASS, GROUND OR OTHER^V^SE OBSCURED. Tariff act of 1913, paragraph 87, fluted, rolled, ribbed, or rough plate glass, or the same containing a wire netting within itself, not including crown, cylinder, or common window glass, * * *: Pro- vided, That all of the above plate glass, when ground, smoothed, or otherwise obscured, shall be subject to the same rate of duty as cast polished plate glass unsilvered. DESCRIPTION AND USES. Ground glass is an intermediate product produced during the pol- ishing operation. The abrasives used wear away the inequalities originally present in the rough glass surface, but make scratches which render the material translucent. When the plate is polished, the ground surface is smoothed with very fine abrasive powder and finally with rouge. Occasionally special effects are produced on rolled and ribbed plate by etching, sand blasting, or other means. Ground and obscured glass finds a wide market in the building^ trades for door and transom windows and all other installations where transparency is objectionable. Camera manufacturers con- sume large quantities of high-grade thin ground plate glass. It is used for focusing plates in plate and portrait cameras. PRODUCTION. Ground and obscurM rough or rolled plate glass is grouped with, other plate glass in the census statistics, and no separate production figures are available. Production is not increasing in line with that of other glass products because of the competition offered by rolled plate glass and the decreasing consumption in the photographic trade because of increased use of films. EXPORTS. No export figures are available. IMPORTS. Below is a summary of the imports of ground and obscured rolled glass. A marked decrease will be noted during the period 1911 to 1913 and a large increase during 1914. With the outbreak of the war German and Belgium ground glass ceased to be a factor and in consequence imports decreased. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. OBSCURED PLATE GLASS. Summary of imports for constimption, by size. 113 Fiscal year. Not exceed- ing 3S4 square inches. 384, but not exceeding 720 square inches. More than 720 S(iuare inches. Total. Fiscal year: 1910 812,810 6,665 1,215 489 $65,212 95,427 32,265 588 2,925 57,796 310 107 $3,862 3,130 6,424 1,170 S8I 884 1911 105^222 39 904 1912 1913 2,247 2,925 123 992 1914' 1914 2 13,421 52,775 764 1915 1 074 1916 17 394 124 1917 8 402 1918 327 809 43,952 64 10,952 194,932 391 Calendar year: 1918 1,996 14,630 13 757 1919 253,514 ' July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under the act of H!09. s Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under the act of 1913. TARIFF HISTORY. Ground or obscured rough or rolled plate glass has been dutiable at the same rates as cast polished plate glass in the tariff acts from 1890 to 1913. This product was not specially provided for in the act of 1883. In the act of 1909 the classification was changed from size limitations based upon plates of various sizes to limitations based upon the area regardless of the dimensions. Summary of tariffs on ground glass, 1883 to 1913, per square foot, by size. Tariff act. Not ex- ceeding 16 by 24 inches. 16 by 24, but not exceeding 24 by 30 inches. 24 by 30, but not exceeding 24 by 60 inches. - More than 24 by 60 inches. 1883' CeiUs. Cents. Cents. Cents. 1890 5 8 10 25 22J 22J SO 1894 35 1897 5 35 Fiscal year. Not ex- ceeding 384 square inches. 384 but not exceeding 720 square inches. More than 720 square inches. 1909 Cents. 10 6 Cents. 12i 8 Cents. 22i 1913 12 1 Not specially provided for. COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS. Thin plate glass, like that used for photographic purposes, must be polished with great care in order to avoid breakage. This neces- sitates a large amount of handwork, which can be done cheaper abroad where wages are lower than in domestic shops. The competition of rolled plate glass in keenly felt in the ground- glass industry, because it satisfies all requirements for obscured plate glass at much less cost than is possible when using ground glass. 47578— 21— B-9 8 114 TARIPF INFORMATION SURVEYS. STATISTICAL TABLES. Cast polished plate glass, unsilvered — Production in United States. [From Federal Census.] Year. Quantity. Value. 1899 Square feet. 16,883,578 27, 293, 138 47,370,254 60,383,516 $5,158,598 7,978,253 12,204 875 1904 1909 1914 14,773,787 Rough, paired, and obscured plate glass — Production in United States. [From Federal Census.] Year. Obscured glass. Wired glass. Rough plate glass. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. 1899 Square feet. 12,526,055 21,870,634 §732,338 972,014 1,358,574 2,417,253 Square feet. 0) (1) (') / 2 1, 707, 848 \ 3 13, 980, 996 (') (') (') $534,322 1,056,612 Square feet. 628, 684 17, 784 205, 690 1 131,492 $75,887 1904 3,529 1909 1914 22,815,946 43,040,079 37,431 25,859 > Not separately stated. 2 Polished glass. 3 Rough or rolled glass. Plate glass, cast, polished, unsilvered — Imports by countries {fiscal years). Imported from— Belgium France Germany Netherlands. England All other Total. 1910 Square feet. Value, 2,534,390 75,203 231, 844 184, 584 92,258 299 3,118,578 $563,057 17,342 57,839 40, 924 13, 821 279 693, 262 Square feet. Value, 3, 270, 356 144,879 420, 523 287,088 32, 102 406 4,155,354 $730, 568 37,256 106, 104 61, 155 5,569 272 940, 924 Square feet. Value. 1,160,790 28,275 184,140 12, 750 36,089 238 1,422,282 $274,831 13, 544 46,816 2,589 6,689 350 344,819 Imported from- Belgium France Germany Netherlands . England Another Total. 1913 1,121,907 76, 271 75,644 2,000 2,968 212 1,279,002 $262,341 32,964 24,263 453 1,400 184 321, 605 1914 2, 943, 31, 86, 44, 81, 16,401 22, 953 9,417 12,118 2,511 3,195,947 727,889 1915 309, 542 4,722 22,823 15,003 27,273 18,246 397,609 871,443 2,187 8,294 3,472 7,292 5,483 98, 171 Imported from— 1916 1917 1918 Belgium 1,698 154 2,222 $373 89 1,114 85 477 458 7,321 $34 104 766 12,592 France Germany England All other 4,550 1,977 140 IS Total 8,624 3,553 8,341 13,496 140 8 Plate glass, cast, polished — Imports by countries (calendar years). Imported from Canada: In 1918, 273 square feet, valued at $210; in 1919, 4,173 square feet, valued at $3,055. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 115 Plate glass, cast, polished — Suminarij of imports for consumption. Imports by sizes (square inches). Not exceeding 384 720 Further advanced. Total. More than 384 720 Bent, etc. Silvered. Both. Fiscal year: 1910 $98, 507 82,852 20, 914 9,131 41,314 17, 760 627 34 $454, 240 587, 370 139, 725 17.5,509 401, 977 52,056 773 $149,292 183,685 115, 812 62,375 188,327 30,584 2,378 13,753 $24, 185 39,530 28,262 47,449 62,228 14,531 2,726 1,542 $1,946 2,865 403 527 4,861 994 515 116 82 23 175 $779 2,486 1,696 1,0(M 5,854 2,152 2,135 35 94 100 77 $728,949 898,788 1911 1912 306, 812 1913 295, 995 1914 704,561 1915 118,077 9,154 1916 1917 15, 4S0 1918 176 Calendar year: 191S 1 : 210 333 1919 488 228 2,339 3,307 Plate ylass, cast, polished, finished or unfinished, and unsilvered, or the same containing a wire netting within itself — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Fi.scal vear: 1907 1908. Not exceeding 16 by 24 inches. 8 cents per square foot. . -do... Square feet. 1,207,575.78 442,861.52 345, 560. 49 3,973.53 505, 478. 10 390, 159. 29 92, 174. 94 29, 885. 94 12,291.63 149,864.63 70,978.00 1,208.00 85.00 705.00 $224,238.00 85,817.53 57,637.00 858.00 97,649.00 82,852.00 20,914.00 9,131.00 3,653.00 37,661.00 17,760.00 627.00 34.00 $96,606.08 35,428.91 27,044.85 317.88 50,547.84 39,015.93 9,217.53 2,988,60 1,229.17 8,991.87 4,258.68 72.48 5.10 $0. 185 .194 .167 .216 .193 .212 .227 .306 .297 .251 .250 .519 .400 .692 Per cent. 43.08 41.29 1909 1910' ... .do 48.00 do 37.05 1910 2 Not exceeding S84 square inches. 10 cents per square foot. .. ..do 51.76 1911. 47.09 1912 do 44.07 1913 -do... . . 32.73 1914 3 ... .do 33. 65 1914 * 6 cents per square foot, .do 23.88 1915. 23.98 1916.. ... .do 11.56 1917 do 15.00 Calendar year: 1919. . .. do 488.00 42.30 8.67 1 July 1 to Aug. 5, 1909, under act of 1897. 2 Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. 3 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, undor act of 1909. « Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 116 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Plate glass, cast, polished, finished or unfinished, and unsihered — Imports for covsvmp' tion — Revenue. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Fiscal vear: 1907 Above 16 by U inches and not ex- ceeding 2i by 30 inches. 10 cents per square foot. do Square feet. 4,577,059.11 2,590,301.94 1,611,845.42 49,705.83 2,057,276.79 2,800,541.63 616, 169. 44 806,431.78 174,458.46 1,741,103.35 246, 766. 00 2,606.00 287.00 741,947.26 643,715.38 300,010.77 14,813.00 511,860.48 683,278.30 402,398.80 232, 109. 74 53,003.48 688,&88.97 122,974.00 9,968.00 13,399.00 3,181.00 180,913.26 150,345.04 22,517.28 7,068.00 $929,259.00 548,115.47 349,260.00 10,819.00 443,421.00 587,369.62 139,725.25 175,509.00 38, 652. 00 363,325.00 52,056.00 773.00 228.00 204,263.00 172,206.00 85,719.00 4,393.00 143,072.00 183,685.00 115,812.33 62,375.00 14.488.00 173,839.00 30,584.00 2,378.00 13,753.00 2,339.00 40,687.00 42,762.00 7,269.00 1,827.00 $457,705.85 259,030.22 161,184.55 4,970.56 257,159.76 350,067.81 77,021.07 100,804.04 21,807.32 139,288.26 19,741.28 208.48 22.96 166,938.25 144,836.03 67,502.46 3.332.91 115,168.66 153, 737. 73 90,539.79 52,224.70 11,92.5.80 82,666.68 14,756.88 1,196.16 1,607.88 381.72 63,319.63 52,620.80 7,881.07 2,473.80 $0,203 .212 .217 .218 .216 .210 .227 .218 .222 .209 .211 .297 .794 0.275 .268 .286 .297 .279 .269 .288 .269 .273 .252 .249 .239 1.026 .735 .225 .284 .323 .258 Per cent. 49.25 1908 47.25 1909. do 46.15 1910' do 45.94 1910" Above SSi and not exceeding 720 square inches. 12i cents per square foot. do 57.99 1911. 59.60 1912 do 55.12 1913 do 57.43 1914».... do 56.42 1914 < 8 cents per square foot. do 38.34 1915. 37.92 1916 do 26.97 Calendar year: 1919. do 10.07 Fiscal year: 1907 Above 24 by SO inches and not ex- ceeding 24 by 60 inches. 22i cents per square foot. do 81.73 1908 84.10 1909 do 78.75 1910' 19103 1911 do Above 720 square inches. 22J cents per square foot. do 75.87 80.50 83.70 1912 do 78.17 1913 do 83.73 19143 1914< do 12 cents per square foot. do 82.32 47.55 1915 48.25 1916 do 50.30 1917 do 11.69 Calendar year: 1919 do 16.32 Fiscal year: 1907 1908 Above 94 by 60 inches. 35 cents per square foot. do 155.62 123.00 1909 do 108. 42 1910> do 135.40 » July 1 to Aug. 5, 1909, under act of 1897. 'Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. ' July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913. under act of 1909. 1 Oct. 4. 1913, to June 30, imder act of 1913. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 117 Plate glass, cast, polished, unsilvered, when bent, around, obsctired, frosted, sanded, enam- eled, beveled, etched, embossed, engraved, fiashed, stained, colored, painted, or otheruise ornamented or decorated — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Fiscal year: 1907 Not exceeding 16 by 24 inches. 8 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do. Square feet. 8,601.29 17,212.00 13,290.00 2,311.64 40,423.40 58,368.65 34,718.00 46,289.81 9,441.00 50,285.63 12,049.00 538.00 736.00 132.00 24,069.34 19,089.00 935.00 13,504.00 14,572.00 8,249.00 3,412.00 1,700.00 8,841.32 994.00 139. 00 76.00 6,954.25 8,107.00 1 116.00 $6,935.00 5,282.00 7,457.00 1,330.00 18,644.00 31,046.00 18,719.00 26,649.00 6,344.00 21,616.00 6,649.00 279.00 823.00 94.00 7,264.00 4,325.00 378.00 3,024.00 3,286.00 3,010.00 2,114.00 854.00 3,804.00 476. 00 31.00 66.00 2,330.00 2,198.00 59.00 Jl,034.85 1,641.06 1,436.05 251. 43 4,974.54 7,389.17 4,407.75 5,961.43 1,261.30 3,881.78 988.90 43.44 77.08 11.68 2,770.13 2, 125. 15 112. 40 1,839.21 1,985.81 1,181.65 532.22 255. 20 859. 47 98.56 12. .36 8.72 1,681.20 1,9.33.97 29.0*5 $0,806 .307 .561 .575 .461 .532 ..539 .576 .672 .430 .552 .519 1.118 .712 .302 227 !404 .224 .226 .365 .619 .502 .430 .479 .223 .868 .335 .271 .509 Per cent. 14.91 1908 31.07 1909 do 19.26 1910 1 do 18.90 1910' Not exceeding 384 square inches. 10 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do. 26.68 1911 23.80 1912 do 23.55 1913 do 22.37 1914 ' do 19.88 1914 < 6 cents per square foot and 4 per cent. do 17.96 1915 14.87 1916 do 15.57 1917 .. . do 9.37 Calendar year: 1918 do 12.43 Fiscal year: 1907 Above 16 by 24 inches and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches. 10 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. .... do 38.13 1908 49.13 1909 .... do 29 7^ 19102 1911 Above 384 and not ezceeding 720 square inches. 12§ cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do 60. 82 60.43 1912 do 39. 26 1913 do 25.18 1914 « do 29.88 1914 < 8 cents per square foot and 4 per cent. do 22. 55 1915 20.70 1917 .... do 39.8' Calendar year: 1918 do 13.21 Fiscal year: 1907 Above S4 by 30 inches and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches. 22 J cen ts per square foot and 5 per cent. do 72 U 1908 87. 9< 1909 do 49.2 » July 1 to Vu?. 5, 1909. uoder act of 1897. « Au?. 6, 19D9, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. ' Juh' 1 to Oct. 3. 1913. under act of 1909. ♦ Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913 . 118 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Plate glass, cast, polished, unsilvered, when bent, ground, obscured, frosted, sanded, enam- eled, beveled, etched, embossed, engraved, flashed, stained, colored, painted, or othenvise ornamented or decorated — Imports for consumption — Revenue— Continued. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Fiscal year— 1910< 1911 Above 720 square inches. 23i cents per square "foot and 5 per cent. do Square feet. 2,893.00 11,015.00 10, 137. 00 38, 487. 00 5, 758. 00 64, 779. 75 14,078.00 6, 609. 00 2, 459. 00 65.00 14,767.00 12,051.83 173. 00 84.00 $1,162.00 5,198.00 6, .533. 00 18,686.00 2, 750. 00 26, 860. 00 7, 406. 00 2,447.00 688.00 50.00 6,324.00 4,050.00 72.00 25.00 $709. 03 2, 738. 28 2,607.50 9,593.89 1,433.05 8,847.97 1,985.60 890. 96 322. 60 9.80 5, 484. 65 4,420.64 64.15 30.65 $0,402 .472 .644 .486 .478 .415 .526 .370 .280 .769 .429 .3.36 .416 .298 Per cent. "61.00 52.68 1912 ..do 39.91 1913 do 51.34 1914 1 .. . ...do 52.11 19142 1915 12 cents per square foot and 4 per cent. do 32.94 26.81 1916 ... do 36.41 1917 .•» do 46.89 Calendar year: 1918 .... do 19.60 Fiscal year: 1907 Above S4 by 60 inches. 35 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do 86.72 1908 109.15 1909 .. . ...do 89.10 19103 do 122. 60 1 July 1 to Oct. 3, 1918, under act of 1909. 2 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 3 July 1 to Aug. 5, 1909, under act of 1897. < Aug. 6, 1909, to June 10, 1910, under act of 1909. Plate glass, cast, polished, silvered, and looking-glass plates, exceeding in size 144 square inches — Imports for consumption— Revenue . Rate of duty. Quantity. 1 Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Fiscal year: 1907 Not exceeding 16 by U inches. 11 cents per square foot. do Square feet. 712. 75 161.31 109. 15 827. 78 3,312.50 779.50 425.47 162. 62 5,501.39 807.00 2.00 2.00 18.00 2.00 1.00 $179.00 79.00 54.00 231.00 718.00 141.00 175.00 56. 00 1,228.00 2.37.00 2.00 8.00 17.00 10.00 1.00 $78.41 17.75 12.01 91.06 364. 38 85. 75 46.81 17.89 385. 10 56.49 .14 .14 1.26 .14 .07 $0. 251 .489 .495 .279 .217 .181 .411 .344 .223 .294 1.00 4.00 .944 5.00 1.00 Per cent. 43.80 1908 22.47 1909 do 22.24 1910 Not exceeding SS4 square inches. 11 cents per square foot. do 39.42 1911 50.75 1912 do 60.82 1913 do 26.75 1914' do Zl.^b 19142 7 cents per square foot. do 31.36 1915 23.83 1916 do 7.00 1917 do 1.75 1918 do 7.35 Calendar year: 1918 do 1.40 1919 do 7.00 July I to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. « Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 119 Plole gUiss, cast, polished, silvered, and looking-glass plates, exceeding in size J44 sqtiart. inches — Imports for consumption — Revenue — Continued. Rate of dutv. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Fiscal year: 1907 190S. 1909. 1910. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914 1. 1915 1916 1918 Calendar year; 1919 Fiscal year: 1907.... 1908. 1909. 1910 2. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 19141. 1915 1916 1917 1918 Calendar year: 1918 1919 Fiscal year: 1907.... 1908. 1909. Above 16 by 24 inches and not exceeding $4 by 30 inches. 13 cents per square foot. do do Above 384 o,rid not exceeding 720 square inches. 13 cents per square foot. do do do 9 cents per square foot. do do do .do. Above 24 by SO inches and not ex- ceeding 24 by GO inches. 25 cents per square foot. do do Above 720 square inches. 25 cents per square foot. ....do ....do ....do 13 cents per square foot. ....do ....do ....do ....do .do. .do. Above 24 by 60 inches. 38 cents per square foot. ....do ....do Square ftet. 3,610.05 2, 437. 93 85.89 4,396.50 2,002.00 22.75 55.00 2,819.50 59.00 2, 403. 00 66.00 13,000.81 67.00 874. 31 1,149.50 4,937.61 578. t)7 351. 48 9, 565. 95 1, 726. 00 142.00 33. 00 95.00 21.00 86.00 4,789.50 60.00 92.00 $1,190.00 673. 00 66.00 1,198.00 696.00 37.00 48.00 656. 00 21.00 241.00 18.00 4,157.00 97.00 261.00 516. 84 1,451.00 225. 00 304.00 2,921.00 736. 00 272.00 108. 00 47.00 13.00 153.00 1,944.00 79.00 152.00 $469.31 316.94 11.16 571.56 260. 26 2.96 7.15 253. 76 5.31 216. 27 5.94 3,400.20 16.75 218. 58 287. 37 1,234.40 144.67 87.87 1,243.58 224. 38 18.46 4.29 12.35 2.73 11.18 1,820.01 22.80 34.96 SO. 329 .276 .768 .272 .347 1.63 .873 .233 .356 .10 .273 2.333 1.45 .299 .450 .294 .389 .865 .305 .426 1.915 3. 273 .495 .619 1.779 .406 1.32 1.65 Per cent. 39. 44 2S.86 23.00 1 Oct. 4, 1913, to Jiuie 30, 1914 under act of 1913. 2 Aug. 6, 1900, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909 120 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Plati glass, cast, polished, silvered, when bent, ground, obscured, frosted, sanded, enameled, beveled, etched, embossed, engraved, flashed, stained, colored, painted, or otherwise orna- mented or decorated — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. FisCiil year: 1907 Not eiceediug 16 by 2i inches. 11 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do Square feet. 1, 125. 00 184.00 82.00 10.70 1,726.25 274. 53 13.00 2,684.80 898.00 352. 00 4.00 2.00 879.60 607.00 500.00 426. 10 617.00 ^i.40 46.00 13.00 9,882.60 4,720.00 1,8.50.00 14.00 5.00 13.00 628.00 5,176.80 6,813.36 1 J102.00 68.00 52.00 79.00 784.00 99.00 26.00 804.00 281.00 91.00 10.00 5.00 287.00 190.00 180.00 208.00 274.00 13.00 36.00 9.00 2,863.00 1,408.00 536.00 35.00 5.00 37.00 236.00 1,706.00 2,246.00 S128.85 23.64 11.62 5.13 229.09 35.15 2.73 220. 10 74.10 28.28 .68 .34 128.70 88.41 74.00 65.80 93.91 1.74 7.78 2.14 1,003.94 481.12 187.94 2.66 .65 2.65 168.80 1,379.51 1,815.65 $0,091 .37 .634 7.38 .454 .361 2.00 .299 .313 .259 2.50 2 50 .327 .313 .36 .488 .444 1.55 .783 .692 .29 .298 .29 2.50 1.00 2.846 .376 .33 ..33 Per cent. 125.34 1908 34.76 1909 do 22.35 1910 Not exceeding S8i sqiMTt inches. 11 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. .... do 6.47 1911 29.22 1912 do 35.51 1913 do 10.50 19141 7 cents per square foot plus 4 per cent. .... do 27.38 1915 26.37 1916 do 31.08 1918 do 6.80 Calendar year: 1919 do 6.80 Fiscal year: 1907 A hove 16 by 2i inches and not exceeding U by 30 inches. 13 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do 44.84 1908 46.53 1909 .... do 41.11 1910 A bote S84 and not exceeding 720 square inches. 13 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do 31.63 1911 34.27 1912 do 13.38 1913 do 21.61 1914 « do 23.78 1914' 9 cents per square foot plus 4 per cent. do 35.07 1915 34.17 1916 .... do 35.06 1917 do 7.60 1918 .... do 13.00 Calendar year: 1919 do 7 1( Fiscal year: 1907 Above 24 by 30 inches and not ex- ceeding 24 by 60 inches. 25 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do 71. 'i 1908 80. ib 1909 do SI. i( * Oct. 4, 1913 to June 30, 1914, under act of 191S •July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 121 Plate glass, cast, polished, silvered, when bent, ground, obscured, frosted, sanded, enam- eled, beveled, etched, embossed, engraved, flashed, stained, colored, painted, or otherwise ornamented or decorated — Imports for consumption — Revenue — Continued. Fiscal year: 1910 1... 1911.. 1912. . 1913.. 1914 5. 1915 1916 1918 Calendar year: 1918 1919 Fiscal year: 1907 1908. 1909. Rate of duty. Above 720 square inches. 25 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do do do 13 cents per square foot plus 4 per cent. do do ....do .do. .do. Above 24 by 60 inches. 38 cents per square foot and 5 per cent. do do Quantity. Square feet. 1,212.18 4,145.44 4,007.66 1,451.33 7,079.00 1,204.00 368. 00 95.00 12.00 23.00 679. 00 22.33 91.00 V^alue. J492. 00 1,428.00 1,584.00 942.00 2, 178. 00 463.00 1,508.00 79.00 100.00 35.00 45.00 49.00 75.00 Duty collected. S327.65 1, 107. 76 1,081.11 409. 93 1,007.39 175. 04 108. 16 15.51 5.56 4.39 260. 27 10.94 38.33 Value per unit of quantity. SO. 406 .344 .395 .649 .308 .385 4.098 .832 8.333 1.522 2.19 .824 Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Per cent. 66.60 77.57 68.25 43.52 46.25 37.81 7.17 19.63 5.56 12. 54 578. 38 22.33 51.11 ' Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. 2 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. Plate glass, fluted, rolled, ribbed, or rough, or the same containing a wire netting within itself {excess of 1 pound per square foot dutiable at same rates) — Imports for consump- tion — Revenue. Rate of duty. Quantity. Value. Duty collected. Value per unit of quantity. Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Fistal year: 1907 1908. 1909. 1910.. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914'. 1914*. 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918 ( alendar year: 1918 Not exceeding 16 by 24 inches. fj cent per sq. ft. LJ cent per pound. ....do .do. Not exceeding 3H4 square inchrs. cent per sq. ft. cent per pound. ...do .do. ...do ...do cent per sq. ft. cent per pound . ...do .do. .do. .do. .do. Square feet ex- cess (pounds). 89,344.00 10,501.00 106,256.00 23,438.00 110,858.00 13,114.00 f 10,181 1,010. $2, 520. 00 3,124.00 3,852.00 4,307.00 5,006.00 4, 489. 00 5,067.00 1,684.00 3,630.00 5, 226. 00 2,691.00 1,202.00 1,178.00 3,161.00 $670. 07 78.75 790.90 175. 77 831.48 98.35 1,057.70 254.05 1,335.06 265. 05 838.52 178. 74 1,184.01 204.33 443. 14 726. 70 960. 31 199. 54 44.03 28.31 58.96 $0. 028 .029 .035 .310 Per cent. 29.72 31.14 24.14 031 30.03 028 31.59 040 22.06 032 23.37 032 26.31 032 20.02 036 18.38 094 7.42 164 3.66 291 2.40 1.87 ' July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, under act of 1909. 2 Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 122 TAKIFF INFORMATIOIN' SUltVEYS. Plate glass, fluted, rolled, ribbed, or rough, or the same containing a wire netting ivithin itself (excess of 1 pound per square foot dutiable at same rates) — Imports for consump- tion — Revenue — Continued. Fsscal year: 1908.... 1909.... 1910.. 1911.. 1913.. 19141 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913.. 19141 1914 2 , 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918 Talendar years: 1918 1919 Rate of duty. Above 16 by 24 inches and not exceeding 24 by SO iTichcs. licentsper sq.ft. do Above S84 and not exceeding 720 square inches. IJ cents per sq. ft.. do fli cents per sq.ft.. [l\ cents per pound fU cents per sq.ft. . U j cents per pound Above 24 by 30 inches fl| cents persq. ft.. Ulcents per pound, fljcents persq. ft. . m cents per pound. Ijcents persq. ft.. Above 720 sqiiare iiKhes. /Ifcents per sq.ft.. UJcents per pound. IJcentspej'sq. ft. . /I J cents per sq.ft.. ulcents per pound. (If cents per sq.ft.. Llf cents per pound. fl| cents per sq.ft.. l1| cents per pound. Above S84 square inches. 1 cent per sq. ft... 1 cent per pound... 1 cent per sq. ft... 1 cent per pound.. 1 cent per sq. ft. .. 1 cent per sq. ft. . . 1 cent per pound.. 1 cent per sq. ft... 1 cent per pound . . 1 cent per sq.ft... 1 cent perpoudd.. 1 cent per sq. ft... Quantity. Value. Square feet. 1,468.00 7, 061. 00 30.00 104.00 6, 674. 00 328. 00 3, 800. 00 1,236.00 Square feet excess (pounds). 255, 328. 50 10,910.00 264,317.00 10,417.00 166, 750. 00 196,474.00 3,621.00 157, 731. 00 199, 370. 00 1S7. 00 214,676.00 6, 402. 00 29, 552. 00 2, 662. 00 237, 348. 00 162,816.00 3,392.00 '/ 40,658.00 I 10,919.00 i\. 2,700.00 !/ 13,625.00 ,\ 21.00 / 8,256.00 \ 21.00 / 15,474.00 $49.00 431.00 6.00 8.00 404. 00 166. 00 13, 835. 00 12, 527. 00 9, 290. 00 11,993.00 8, 096. 00 10,025.00 9,341.00 1,118.00 8,609.00 7, 516. 00 1,835.00 800.00 1,061.00 710. 00 1,448.00 Duty collected. $18. 36 88.26 .38 1.30 83.43 4.10 62.95 4, 468. 27 190.92 4,625.56 182. 29 2,918.11 3, 438. 30 63.38 2, 760. 30 3, 488. 98 3.27 3,756.84 112.04 563. 74 2, 373. 48 1, 662. 08 406. 58 136. 19 136.46 82.77 154. 74 Value per unit of quantity. .033 .061 .200 .077 .06 .044 .047 .056 .036 Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Per cent. 37.47 20.48 6.34 16.25 20.65 37.92 33.68 38.38 31.41 061 29.20 051 34.09 050 34.84 043 40.22 038 50.42 27.57 046 22.11 045 22.16 073 17.02 078 12.86 086 11.66 094 10.69 > July 1 to Oct. 3, 1913, underact of 1909. » Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 123 Plate glass, Jlxited, rolled, ribbed, or rough, ground, smoothed, or otherwise obscured (excess oj 1 pound per square foot dutiable at savie rates) — Imports for consumption — Revenue. Fiscal vear: 1907 1908 1909 1910> ... 19102 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914 3 1916. . 1917. . Calendar year: 1919 Fiscal year: 1907 1908.. 1909.. 19101. 1910S. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914 3. 1914<. 1915 1916 1918 Calendar year: 1919 Fiscal year: 1907 1908. 1909. Rates of duty. Not exceeding 16 by 2J, inches. 8 cents per sq . ft . . do do do Not exceeding 384 square inches. 10 cents per sq. ft.. do do do 6 cents per sq. ft . . do do .do. Above 16 by 2i inches and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches. 10 cents per square foot. do , ....do ....do Quantity. Above 384 and not exceeding 720 square inches. 12i cents per square foot. do do do do 8 cents per square foot. do do do -do. Above 24 by 30 inches and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches. 22J cents per square foot. do do Square feet. 74,204.40 77,051.00 16,309.38 18, 885. 90 48,717.22 31,141.17 5,407.00 3, 147. 00 65,297.00 70.00 5,944.00 5, 455. 00 369, 165. 76 369,078.55 421,648.30 21.433.33 277,462.84 436,615.39 140,387.00 2,267.00 13,746.00 309,510.00 1,533.00 419.00 3,867.00 1,119.00 64,515.76 28, 838. 40 19,784.55 Value. $13,981.00 12, 541. 00 3,244.00 3, 573. 00 9, 237. 00 6,665.00 1,215.00 489. 00 13,421.00 17.00 394. 00 1,996.00 $75,031.00 79,670.00 94, 821 00 4,818.00 60,394.00 95,427.00 32,265.00 588.00 2,925.00 57,796.00 310. 00 107.00 327. 00 809. 00 15,601.00 8,644.00 5,387.00 Duty collected. $5, 936. 35 6, 164. 06 1,304.75 1,510.87 4.871.72 3,114.13 540. 70 314.70 3,917.82 4.20 356. 64 327. 30 $36,916.58 36,907.88 42, 164. 83 2,143.33 34,682.83 54,576.93 17,548.40 283.38 1,718.25 24,760.80 122.64 33.52 309. 36 89.52 14,616.00 6, 488. 79 4,451.52 I Value per unit of quantity. .188 .164 .198 ,189 .190 .214 .225 .155 .206 .243 .066 .366 $0. 203 .216 .225 .225 .218 .219 .230 .259 .213 .187 .202 .255 .085 .723 .242 .30 .272 Actual and computed ad valorem rate. Per cent. 42.46 49.15 40.22 42.29 » July 1, to Aug. 5, 1909, under act of 1897. » Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, underact of 1909. « Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. 124 TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. Plate glass, fluted, rolled, ribbed, or rough, ground, smoothed, or otherwise obscured (excess of i pound per square foot dutiable at same rates) — Imports for consumption — Revenue — Continued . Fiscal year — Con 1910 2 Rates of duty. Above 720 square inches. 22i cents per square foot. 1911 do 1912 1 do 1913 ! do 1914 < I 12 cents per square j foot. 1915 1 do 1917 do 1918 Calendar year: 1919 Fiscal year: 1907.... 1908. 1909. .do. .do. Above 24 by 60 inches. 35 cents per square foot. do do Quantity. Square feet. 15,705.53 13,607.52 24,805.00 4,202.50 225, 459 00 3,339.00 8.00 129.00 15,850 00 6, 195. 00 6, 185. 46 796.00 Value. $3,862.00 3,130.00 6, 424. 00 1,170.00 52, 775. 00 Duty collected. $3, 533. 75 3,061.70 5,581.13 945. 56 27,055.08 764.00 400.68 8.00 1 .96 64.00 ' 15.48 10,952.00 1,902.00 1,613.00 2,168.25 1,627.00 306.00 2,164.91 278.60 Value per unit of quantity. .\ctual and computed ad valorem rate. $0. 246 .230 .259 .278 .234 .229 1.00 .496 .691 .26 .263 .384 Per cent. 91.50 97.82 86.88 80.82 51.26 52.45 12.00 24.19 17.37 133. 00 91.05 ■' Aug. 6, 1909, to June 30, 1910, under act of 1909. • Oct. 4, 1913, to June 30, 1914, under act of 1913. Plate glass, cast, polished, unsilvered — Domestic exports (fiscal years). Exported to- 1910 19111 1912 United Kingdom Squarefeet. 997 2,845 7,426 7,3.36 10,653 $317 1,981 2,930 3,057 3,814 Square feet. Square feet. 40 49, 575 10,544 151,093 4,013 18 S12 Canada . . . 53,254 18,6.33 4,085 4,644 31 79 225 599 500 $14,855 6,183 1,931 1,887 58 49 168 386 305 15,616 Central American States Mexico 4,963 24,607 Cuba.....^ 2,543 Chile 10 Brazil Colombia 246 85 82 30 1,486 90 727 Venezuela... 51 Peru China. 64 4,093 50 1,289 Philippines 2,025 1,550 2,558 47 2,742 858 British South Africa 28 Another 4,054 1,466 4,521 2,311 1,339 Total 37,799 15,016 88, 596 29,683 222,206 50,754 Exported to — 1913 1914 1915 United Kingdom . . Square feet. 240 44,277 10,920 94,519 3,421 320 892 $90 16,726 6,350 26,554 2,075 271 565 Square feet. Squarefeet. 1,154,101 777, 196 13, 227 4,566 86,980 145, 868 76 5,648 3,3.83 920 9,342 909 18,121 454,076 43,772 2,785 1,601 1,680 5,795 $305, 25.'; Canada 40, 163 12,200 10,821 2,490 $16,279 6,400 6,076 1,551 232, 875 Central American States Mexico 6,928 2,717 Cuba 42,705 50,903 Chili 282 125 2,010 1,116 176 78 1,015 764 47 Brazil 2,650 718 706 490 440 1,753 772 Peru 3,107 China 140 100 700 Japan 7,681 50 31 154, 193 New Zealand 1 ^ 14,450 Philippines British South Africa 5,519 3,270 1,613 991 1,336 575 Hongkong 1 295 All other 3,457 1,899 3,997 2,406 2,875 Total 165, 129 58, 830 74,867 35, 767 2,730,046 831,727 Figures for 1941 are for 6 months only, January to June, inclusive. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 125 Plate glass, cast, polished, unsilvered — Domestic exports (fiscal years) — Continued. Exported to — United Kingdom Canada Central American States . Mexico Cuba Argentine Chili Brazil Colombia Venezuela Peru China Japan Aastralia New Zealand Philippines British South Africa Hongkong All other." Total 5,149,512 1916 1917 Square 1,228 1,867 24 14 245 317 158 4o; 8 2 2 56 305 598 200 13 16 4o: fed. ,074 216 831 ,348 ,627 ,169 ,738 ,151 ,311 ,534 "48 ,158 422 ,600 ,174 925 021 990 475 $326,388 507,184 13,789 7,928 111,020 104, 512 69, 169 19, 734 5,086 1,355 1,265 27, 873 100, 379 186,474 56,384 7,201 6,187 11,739 4,514 1,568,181 Square feet. 175,485 2,343,548 34, 147 44,193 335, 484 478,283 35,963 87,961 22,993 6,300 3,652 38,918 788, 760 1,318,828 116,293 19,998 21,713 198, 502 46,934 »50,385 780, 815 19, 494 23, 134 164,933 163,046 21,693 39,752 12,558 3,721 2,206 15,003 305, 134 463,023 36, 192 11,705 10, 157 69,538 30,840 6,117,955 • 2,223,329 1918 Square fcit. 9,536 2,337,101 23, 798 77, 623 478, 208 757, 270 81,798 163,955 19, 782 7,798 61,066 64,219 828, 519 442,508 49.224 15, 299 20,020 23,441 95,554 5, 556, 719 $2,966 904, 408 14,865 34, 120 211,077 354,818 53,344 98,785 8,029 4,597 5,948 31,325 384,328 243,822 21,545 8,778 12,739 9,221 47,203 2,451,918 Plate glass, unsilvered — Domestic exports (calendar years). Exported to- All Europe Canada Mexico Cuba Argentina Brazil Chile Uruguay Venezuela China Japan Australia New Zealand Philippines British South Africa. All other Total 6, 022, 083 1918 Square feet. 3,607 1, 754, 784 106, 729 505,311 851,914 127,739 208, 075 55, 1S2 12, 406 44, 4a3 1,128,576 971,241 38, 658 31,874 36, 692 144,812 $2,228 761, 638 54, 777 283, 650 501,180 81,297 156,410 32, 588 8,070 29, 290 459,661 614, 195 24, 409 19, 526 27, 397 99,311 3, 155, 627 1919 Square feet. 397, 770 1,343,452 66,967 470, 930 1,360,162 354,386 187, 122 189, 772 10, 772 63, 067 1,421,114 861,592 133, 871 36, 305 85, 888 334, 929 7,318,099 $238, 222 604, 868 46,028 329, 714 796, 456 272, 292 129, 247 129, 275 12, 552 50, S60 717,372 532, 622 96, 574 26,028 64, 138 175, 112 4,221,360 Polished plate glass, average wholesale prices. [From U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.] Year. For glazing, average price per square foot. Area, 3 to 5 square feet. Area, 5 to 10 square feet. 1905 $0. 1975 .2267 .2300 .1733 .2017 .2492 .2250 .2167 .2367 .2108 .1867 .2917 .3400 .3608 .4625 .7800 $0.3050 1906 .3300 1907 .3400 1908 .2750 1909 .2817 1910 .3475 1911 .3158 1912 .2967 1913 .3183 1914 .2908 1915 .2533 1916 .3375 1917 .3925 1918 .4.525 1919 .5825 October, 1920 .8200 126 TAIUFK INFORMATION SURVEYS. RATES OF DUTY. Cast polished plate glass, unsilvered. Act of— Par. Tariff classification or description. Rates of duty specific and ad valorem. 1883 115 94 104 102 88 Cast, polished plate glass, unsilvered, not exceeding 10 by 15 inches square. Above that and not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches square All above that 3 cents per square foot. 5 cents per square foot . 8 cents per square foot. 25 cents per square foot. 50 cents per square foot. 5 cents per square foot. 8 cents per square foot. 25 cents per square foot. 50 cents per square foot. 5 cents per square foot. 8 cents per square foot. 22.V cents per square foot. 35 cents per square foot. 8 cents per square foot. 10 cents per square foot. 22-J cents per square foot. 35 cents per square foot. 10 cents per square foot. 1890 Cast polished plate-glass, finished or unfinished and unsilvered, not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square. Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches square All above that 1894 Cast polished plate glass, finished or unfinished and unsilvered, not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square. Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches square All above that 1897 Cast polished plate glass, finished or unfinished and unsilvered, not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square. Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches square All above that 1909 Cast polished plate glass, finished or unfinished and unsilvered, not exceeding 3S! square inches Above that, and not exceeding 720 square inches... 12J cents per square foot. 22V cents per square foot. 6 cents per square foot. 8 cents per square foot. All above that 1913 Cast polished plate glass, finished or unfinished and unsilvered, or the same containing a wire netting within itself, not ex- ceeding 3S4 square inches. Above that, and not e.xceeding 720 square inches All I bove that 12 cents per square foot. TARIFF INFORMATION SURVEYS. 127 Fluted, rolled, or rough plate glass, iiot ivduding crovn, cylwder, or covwwn window glass. Act of— Par. Tariff classification or description. Rates of duty, specific and ad valorem. 1883 139 114 1894. 93 1897 103 1909 101 1913 87 Fluted, rolled, or rough plate glass, not including crown, cylin- der, or co:nmon window glass, not exceeding 10 by 15 inches square. Above that, and not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square All above that And all fhitod, rolled, or rough plate glass, weighing over 100 pounds per 100 square feet, shall pay an additional duty on the excess at the same rates herein imposed. Fluted, rolled, or rough plate glass, not including crown, cylin- der, or common window glass, not exceeding 10 by 15 inches square. Above that, and not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square .^bove that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square All above that And all fiutod, rolled, or rough plate glass, weighing over 100 pounds per 100 square feet, shall pay an additional duty on theexcessatthesamerateshereinimposed: Provided, Tha,t all of the above plate glass, when ground, smoothed, or otherwise obscured, shall be subject to the same rate of duty as cast polished plate glass, unsilvcred. Fluted, rolled, or rough plate glass, not including croA^ii, cylin- der, or common window glass, not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square. Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square All above that And all fluted, rolled, or rough plate glass, weighing over 100 pounds per 100 square feet, shall pay an additional duty on the excess at the same rates herein imposed: Provided, That all of the above plate glass, when ground, smoothed, or otherwise obscured, shall be subject to the same rate of duty as cast polished plate glass, unsilvered. Fluted, rolled, ribbed, or rough plate glass, or the same contain- ing a wire netting within itself, not including crown, cylinder, or common window glass, not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square. Above that, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square All above that And all fluted, rolled, ribbed, or rough plate glass, weighing over 100 pounds per 100 square feet , shall pay an additional duty on the excess at the same rates herein imposed: Pro- vided, That all of the above plate glass, when ground, smoothed, or otherwise obscured, shall be subject to the same rate of duty as cast polished plate glass, unsilvered. Fluted, rolled, ribbed, or rough plate glass, or the same contain- ing a wire netting within itself, not including crown, cylinder, or common window glass, not exceeding 384 square incites. Above that, and not exceeding 720 square inches All above that And all fluted, rolled, ribbed, or rough plate glass, weighing over 100 pounds per 100 square feet, shall pay an additional duty on the excess at the same rates herein imposed: Pro- vided, That all of the above plate glass, when ground, smoothed, or otherwise obscured, shall be subject to the same rate of duty as cast polished plate glass, unsilvered. Fluted, rolled, ribbed, or rough plate glass, or the same contain- ing a wire netting within itself, not including crown, cylinder, or common window glass, not exceeding 384 square inches. All above that And all fluted, rolled, ribbed, or rough plate glass, \\eighing over 100 pounds per 100 square feet, shall pay an additional duty on the excess at the same rates herein imposed: Pro- vided, That all of the above plate glass, when ground, smoothed, or otherwise obscured, shall bo subject (n (he same rate of duty as cast polished plate glass, unsilxcrcd. 75 cents per 100 square feet. 1 cent per square foot, li cents per square foot . 2 cents per square foot. f of 1 cent per square foot. 1 cent per square foot, licents per square foot. 2'cents per square foot. I of 1 cent per square foot. 1 cent per square foot Ik centsper square foot. 5 of 1 cent per square foot. 1^ cents per square foot. 1| cents per square foot . 1 of 1 cent per square foot. 1 i cents per squ are foot . 1 3 cents per square foot. i cent per square foot. 1 cent per square foot. o cn..Tu.=r,H",l^®''^'*y °' California 30<5 np M^^n -"^^'^^^L LIBRARY FACILITY 305 De Neve Drive - Parking Lot 17 . Box 951388 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90095 1388 ^^ AA 001 192 280 4 Universit Southe Libra