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 RISE, PROGRESS AND TRAVELS 
 
 OHUECH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS, 
 
 BEINCt 
 
 A SERIES OF 
 
 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS, 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 r 
 
 THE REVELATION ON CELESTIAL MARRIAGE, 
 
 AND 
 
 A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE SETTLEMENT OF SALT LAKE VALLEY, 
 WITH INTERESTING STATISTICS, 
 
 BY PRESIDENT GEORGE A. SMITH, 
 
 CHURCH HISTORIAN, ETC. 
 
 PiUNTED AT THE 
 DESEKET NKWS OFFICE, SALT LAKE CITY 
 
 1869. 
 
H 
 
 RISE, PROGRESS AND TRAVELS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS, 
 
 BEIN 
 
 A SERIES OF 
 
 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS, 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 THE REVELATION ON CELESTIAL MARRIAGE, 
 
 AND 
 
 A Brief Account of the Settlement of Salt Lake Valley, with Interesting Statistics, 
 
 BY PRESIDENT GEORGE A. .SMITH, 
 
 CHURCH HISTORIAN, ETC. 
 
 PRINTED AT THE 
 ESERET NEWS OFFICE, SALT LAKE CITY! 
 
 1869. 
 

IFIR/IEIF'.A.aiE. 
 
 As President Brigham Young and the Church authorities are frequently 
 called upon for information pertaining to the Church history, also the 
 history and settlement of these valleys of the mountains, with the educa- 
 tional, agricultural, horticultural, and irrigation statistics pertaining 
 thereto, &c., it has been deemed wisdom to write and collate such items 
 as would satisfactorily answer the generality of questions propounded ; 
 hence, the publication of this pamphlet has been undertaken, with the 
 sincere hope that all honest inquirers after the truth of the Latter-day 
 Work and the material development of the resources of these mountains 
 may be refreshed and gratified by the perusal thereof. 
 
 HISTORIAN'S OFFICE, 
 
 Salt Lake City, July, 1869. 
 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 
 
 CONCERNING THE 
 
 RISE, PROQRESS AND TRAVELS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS. 
 
 IN THE Spring of 1844, Joseph Smith, President of the Church of 
 Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who was then living at Nauvoo,Han- 
 cock county, Illinois, selected a company of men to explore the Rocky 
 Mountains, with a view to find a place where the Saints could locate and 
 enjoy an immunity from that religious persecution which had followed 
 the Church in the States of New York, Ohio, Missouri and Illinois. 
 President Smith at that time expressed his determination to explore the 
 mountain valleys, and prophesied that within five years the Saints would 
 be located in the Rocky Mountains beyond the influence of mobs, request- 
 ing it to be recorded, that when it came to pass it might be remembered. 
 
 While this company were making preparations for their journey a mob 
 assembled at Carthage, the county seat of Hancock, to menace the Saints. 
 Disappointed political demagogues, writhing under the sting of defeat, 
 and apostates, who had been expelled the Church because of their iniquity, 
 combined at this juncture to fan the flame of excitement and persecution r 
 insomuch that the Governor of the State, Thomas Ford, deemed it advisa- 
 ble to visit Hancock county. When Joseph Smith, the Prophet, learned 
 that the Governor had called out the militia at Carthage, who composed 
 the mob previously collected there, and had made a requisition for addi- 
 tional forces from Warsaw, where resided many of the most bitter enemies 
 of the Saints, he was apprehensive that it was their intention to murder 
 instead of try him, (having already been about fifty times before judicial 
 tribunals, and invariably acquitted) he hesitated to answer the process of 
 law; until the Governor plighted the faith of the State that he should be 
 protected and have a fair trial. When Governor Ford made the pledge, 
 Joseph, with his brother Hyrum, proceeded to Carthage, where they sur- 
 rendered themselves prisoners to the constable who held the writ for them. 
 They voluntarily entered into recognizances before the Justice of the Peace 
 for their appearance at court to answer the charge; whereupon, a new writ 
 was issued against them on the affidavit of two dissolute men, charging 
 them with treason, and they were immediately thrust into jail, Elders 
 Willard Richards and John Taylor being permitted to accompany them. 
 
6 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 Governor Ford then disbanded all his troops except the "Carthage 
 Greys," who were known to possess the most violent feelings of hatred 
 against Joseph and Hyrum Smith, and after holding a private council 
 on the subject, he left them to their fate. 
 
 MASSACRE OF JOSEPH AND HYRUM SMITH. 
 
 On the 27th of June, 1844, about 150 men, with their faces blackened, 
 surrounded the prison and deliberately murdered Joseph and Hyrum 
 Smith, leaving Elder John Taylor severely wounded with four balls, 
 Elder Willard Richards, who was in the same room, escaped unhurt. 
 
 At the fall term of court, bills of indictment for murder in the first de- 
 gree, were found against the principal leaders in the massacre; but they 
 were allowed to go at large on bail and to become each other's security, 
 the sum required being only one thousand dollars. 
 
 In May, 1845, they had a sham trial and were acquitted, although the 
 most of the members of the court, bar, jury and witnesses knew them to 
 be guilty of the murder. 
 
 The Twelve Apostles, being the first quorum remaining in the Church, 
 immediately returned from their missions abroad, and by the unanimous 
 voice of the Saints took their position at the head of affairs in Nauvoo, 
 Brigham Young, President of the Twelve Apostles, presiding. A revela- 
 tion had been given through Joseph Smith in 1841, commanding the 
 Saints to build a Temple in which to administer the ordinances of the 
 gospel; also to build a house to be called "The Nauvoo House," for the 
 entertainment of strangers, and a sufficient time was granted for the com- 
 pletion of this work which would be acceptable only in the day of their 
 poverty, in order that they might prove themselves faithful in all things 
 that they were commanded; nevertheless the Lord said: 
 
 " Verily, verily I say unto you, that when I give a commandment to any of 
 the sons of men to do a work unto my name, and those sons of men go with 
 all their might and with all they have to perform that work, and cease not their 
 diligence, and their enemies come upon them and hinder them from performing 
 that work, behold it behooveth me to require that work no more at the hands 
 of those sons of men, but to accept of their offerings, and the iniquity and 
 transgression of my holy laws and commandments I will visit upon the heads 
 of those who hindered my work, unto the third and fourth generation, so long 
 as they repent not, and hate me, saith the Lord God. Therefore, for this cause 
 have I accepted the offerings of those whom I commanded to build up a city and a 
 house unto my name, in Jackson County, Missouri, and were hindered by their 
 enemies, saith the Lord your God; and I will answer judgment, wrath and 
 indignation, wailing and anguish, and gnashing of teeth upon their heads unto 
 the third and fourth generation, so long as they repent not and hate me, saith 
 the Lord your God. 
 
 " And this I make an example unto you, for your consolation, concerning all 
 those who have been commanded to do a work and have been hindered by the 
 hands of their enemies and by oppression, saith the Lord your God; for I am 
 the Lord your God, and will save all those of your brethren who have been 
 pure in heart and have been slain in the land of Missouri, saith the Lord." 
 
 In view of fulfilling this Revelation, the Twelve pushed forward the 
 building of the Temple, which at the time of the Prophet's death was about 
 one half story above the basement. This magnificent work was vigorously 
 prosecuted to its completion in the face of relentless persecution, and amid 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 obstacles of the most difficult and trying kind. A Seventies' Hall, a 
 Music Hall and an Arsenal were also built, the Nauvoo House was 
 recommenced and the brick work of the first story completed; when the 
 mob, coming to the conclusion that the murder of the Prophets had not 
 destroyed the progress of the work of the Lord, commenced, on the 13th 
 of September, 1845^ burning houses in the south-west portion [of Han- 
 cock county, whereupon the sheriff issued the following 
 
 PROCLAMATION 
 To THE CITIZENS OF HANCOCK COUNTY: 
 
 Whereas, a mob of from one to two hundred men, under arms, have gathered 
 themselves together in the south-west part of Hancock county, and are at this 
 time destroying the dwellings and other buildings, stacks of grain and other 
 property, of a portion of our citizens, in the most inhuman manner, com- 
 pelling defenceless children and women to leave their sick beds, and ex- 
 posing them to the rays of the parching sun, there to lie and suffer without 
 the aid or assistance of a friendly hand to minister to their wants, in their 
 suffering condition. 
 
 The rioters spare not the widow nor orphan, and while I am writing this 
 proclamation, the smoke is rising to the clouds and the flames are devouring 
 four buildings which have just been set on fire by the rioters. Thousands of 
 dollars' worth of property has already been consumed, an entire settlement of 
 about sixty or seventy families laid waste, the inhabitants thereof are fired 
 upon, narrowly escaping with their lives, and forced to flee before the ravages 
 of the mob. 
 
 By the revised laws of our State under the Criminal Code, sixth division, 58 
 section, page 181, the crime of Arson is defined as follows: " Every person who 
 'shall wilfully and maliciously burn, or cause to be burned, any dwelling 
 
 * house, kitchen, office, shop, barn, stable, store-house, etc., etc., shall be deemed 
 ' guilty of arson, and upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprison- 
 4 ment in the penitentiary for a term not less than one year, nor more than 
 
 ten years, and should the life or lives of any person or persons be lost in 
 
 * consequence of any such offense aforesaid, such offender shall be guilty of 
 'murder, and shall be indicted and punished accordingly." 
 
 And whereas, the laws of this State make it my duty, as a peace officer of this 
 county, to suppress all riots, routs, etc., etc., and all other crimes, 
 
 Therefore, I, J. B. Backenstos, Sheriff of the County of Hancock, and State of 
 Illinois, in the name of the People of said State, and by the authority vested in 
 me by virtue of my office, hereby solemnly command the said rioters and 
 other peace breakers to desist forthwith, disperse, and go to their homes, under 
 penalty of the laws ; And I hereby call upon the law-abiding citizens, as a 
 posse comitatus of Hancock county, to give their united aid in suppressing the 
 rioters and maintain the supremacy of the law. 
 
 J. B. BACKENSTOS, Sheriff of Hancock County, Illinois. 
 
 P. S. It is a part of my policy, that the citizens of Nauvoo remain quiet and 
 not a man from that city leave as a posse until it be made manifest that the law 
 and order citizens without the city will not have force sufficient to suppress 
 the rioters of this disgraceful outrage, but that 2,000 effective men hold them- 
 selves in readiness to march at a moment's warning to any point in Hancock 
 Countv. 
 
 J. B. B., Sheriff. 
 
 Green Plains, Hancock County, Ills., Sept. 13th, 1845. 
 
 To this proclamation no attention whatever was paid except by the 
 mob, who used it as a justification for trying to kill the Sheriff, although 
 he was not a "Mormon" and was only acting in the discharge of his 
 official duty. In the attempt, however, to kill the Sheriff, one of the mob 
 was killed. 
 
 Subsequently another proclamation was issued calling upon the "Mor- 
 mon" people of the county as well as all other law-abiding citizens to arm 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 themselves, and be in readiness to act at a moment's notice in the defence 
 of the lives and property of peaceful citizens and to suppress mob violence 
 throughout the county. The leaders of the mob then fled the county to 
 avoid being arrested, upon which Governor Thomas Ford sent Gen. John 
 J. Harding, with 400 militia, to Nauvoo, who dismissed the Sheriff's 
 posse, but made no attempt to arrest the house burners. Gen. Harding 
 informed the Latter-day Saints in Hancock county thUt "the State could 
 not protect them, the mob were determined to drive them from the State, 
 and they must therefore go." Previous to this, a council of the authorities 
 of the Church had passed a resolution which, as a matter of policy, was 
 kept private, to send one thousand five hundred men as pioneers to make 
 a settlement in the valley of the Great Salt Lake, being determined, in 
 accordance with the design and policy of Joseph Smith the Prophet, to 
 leave Illinois. 
 
 Meantime a proposition was made to the mob (the State authorities say- 
 ing they were powerless) to cease vexatious law-suits, stop burning and 
 plundering, and aid the "Mormon" people by purchasing their property 
 on fair terms, allowing them a reasonable time, and they would remove 
 from the State. This proposition was accepted, and in accordance there- 
 with companies were immediately formed, the construction of several 
 thousand wagons was commenced, and during the winter of 1845-46 and 
 the ensuing spring they were built, principally of green timber, which 
 was boiled in brine to facilitate its seasoning. All the iron that could be 
 procured was used in their construction, and the deficiency was made up 
 with raw-hides, hickory withes, &c. Nearly all the old wagons in the 
 surrounding country were purchased, and all possible preparations were 
 made by many for an early start in the spring; but the persecution being 
 renewed, in violation of the before named pledge, one thousand families 
 commenced their journey in the month of February, 1846, some crossing 
 the Mississippi on the ice, thinking by so doing to allay the excitement 
 against those who remained. 
 
 President Young, and the leaders of the Church, with a scanty outfit, 
 pursued their journey westward, having to make the road for about three 
 hundred miles through an unsettled country, bridging numerous streams 
 and encountering nearly every vicissitude of weather, making a settlement 
 called Garden Grove on the east fork, and one called Pisgah on the west 
 fork, of Grand river, in the State of Iowa, breaking and planting a 
 thousand acres of prairie land for the benefit of those who were not able 
 to go farther, as well as those who were coming after. 
 
 MORMON BATTALION. 
 
 The advanced companies arrived at Council Bluffs in July, where they 
 were met by Capt. James Allen of the U. S. army, who called upon them, 
 in behalf of the War Department, for five hundred men to assist in the 
 war with Mexico. Prest. Young's reply to this requisition was, "You 
 shall have your battalion, if it has to be composed of our Elders." 
 
 The required battalion was soon made up and on the way, leaving their 
 families in the Omaha country on the west side of the Missouri river in 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 wagons, without protectors or adequate means of subsistence. Thus was 
 this body of volunteers enlisted from the camp of the Latter-day Saints 
 just after their expulsion from Illinois. 
 
 There were about two thousand wagons encamped in Western Iowa, 
 between the east fork of Grand river and the Missouri river, a distance of 
 about one hundred and thirty miles; but the main body of the camp was 
 in the Omaha country, on the west side of the Missouri. 
 
 The five companies of volunteers assembled at Council Bluffs and were 
 mustered into service on the 16th of July, 1846; they numbered upwards of 
 five hundred men. They marched to Fort Leavenworth, where they re- 
 ceived their muskets and other accoutrements of United States infantry. 
 
 On the 13th of August they started for California, via Santa Fe, each 
 soldier carrying his musket, his blanket, knapsack, ammunition and 
 canteen. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Allen, who remained behind the battalion at Fort Leaven- 
 worth to complete his outfit, died suddenly; his loss was deeply mourned 
 by the battalion, who were sincerely attached to him. On their march 
 they suffered much for want of water and provisions; in one instance, 
 they traveled sixty miles without water. They arrived at Santa Fe, Sept. 
 12th, where Lieut. Col. P. St. George Cooke, who had been appointed by 
 Gen. Kearney, took command of the battalion in the place of Col. Allen, 
 deceased, and who, before marching for California, selected out all the 
 laundresses, and those who, on a rigid examination, were supposed to be 
 unable to continue the march, and placed them under the command of 
 Capt. James Brown, who started on the 18th, with orders to make a post 
 at Pueblo on the Arkansas river, which was accordingly done. Col. Cooke, 
 with the battalion, proceeded to California. To avoid the snows of the 
 Kocky Mountains, the battalion followed the Rio Del Norte south for 
 three hundred miles, then turning west, passed through the fortified town 
 of Tucson; after which their guides were unacquainted with the route, 
 and it had to be sought out like men traveling in the dark. 
 
 On leaving Santa Fe they were placed on three-quarter rations, and 
 were soon after reduced to one-half and subsequently to one-quarter 
 rations; their meat was composed of the remains of such draft animals as 
 were unable to proceed further. On one occasion, however, they were re- 
 lieved by a very romantic and providential encounter with a herd of wild 
 bulls. They traveled one hundred miles without water; sank deep wells 
 in the desert, and arrived on the Pacific coast with but little loss. The 
 Colonel issued the following complimentary order on their arrival: 
 
 " HEADQUARTERS, Mission of San Diego, Jan. 30th, 1847. 
 ORDER No. 1. 
 
 The Lieut. Colonel com man ling congratulates the Battalion on its safe 
 arrival on the shores of the Pacific Ocean, and the conclusion of its march of 
 over two thousand miles. History may be searched in vain for an equal march 
 of infantry; nine-tenths of it through a wilderness, where nothing but 
 savages and wild beasts are found; or deserts where, for the want of water, 
 there is no living creature. There, with almost hopeless labor, we have dug deep 
 wells, which the future traveler will enjoy. Without a guide who had traversed 
 them, we have ventured into trackless prairies, where water Avas not found for 
 
10 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 several marches. With crowbar and pick-axe in hand, we have worked our 
 way over mountains, which seemed to defy aught save the wild goat, and 
 hewed a passage through a chasm of living rock, more narrow than our 
 wagons. To bring these first wagons to the Pacific, we have preserved the 
 strength of the mules by herding them over large tracts, which you have 
 laboriously guarded without loss. 
 
 The garrison of four Presidios of Sonora, concentrated within the walls of 
 Tucson, gave us no pause; we drove them out with their artillery; but our 
 intercourse with the citizens was unmarked by a single act of injustice. Thus 
 marching, half naked and half fed, and living upon wild animals, we have 
 discovered and made a road of great value to our country. 
 
 Arrived at the first settlement of California, after a single day's rest, you 
 cheerfully turned off from the route to this point of promised repose, to enter 
 upon a campaign, and meet, as we believed, the approach of the enemy; and 
 this, too, without even salt to season your sole subsistence of fresh meat. 
 
 Lieutenants A. J. Smith and George Stoneman, of the 1st Dragoons, have 
 shared and given valuable aid in all these labors. 
 
 Thus, volunteers, you have exhibited some high and essential qualities of 
 veterans. But much remains undone. Soon you will turn your strict atten- 
 tion to the drill, to system and order, to forms also, which are all necessary to 
 the soldier. 
 
 By order of Lieut. Col. P. ST. GEORGE COOKE, 
 
 (Signed) P. C. MERRILL, Adjt." 
 
 The distance from Council Bluffs, the place of enlistment, to Fort Leav- 
 en worth is about 180 miles; from Fort Leavenworth, by the Cimmeron 
 route, to Santa Fe, 700 miles; from Santa Fe, by the route traveled to San 
 Diego, 1150 miles, making a total of 2030 miles. Almost the entire march 
 being over an uninhabited region, and much of the way a trackless, un- 
 explored and forbidding desert, affording neither water nor grass suffi- 
 cient for animals, and, when the teams failed, the battalion had to carry 
 the extra amount of ammunition and, at the same time, push the wagons 
 through the heavy sand and over the rugged mountains. 
 
 A fruitful source of annoyance to the battalion was the lack of confidence 
 in the United States Surgeon, Dr. Sanderson, who was known formerly to 
 have been a bitter persecutor of the Latter-day Saints, and whose expres- 
 sions and actions confirmed the suspicions that it was his wish to destroy 
 them; the refusal of many of them to take his prescriptions produced very 
 unpleasant and angry feelings. 
 
 The battalion was discharged at Los Angeles, one year from the date 
 of their enlistment, without means to enable them to return to their fam- 
 ilies. At the request of the military commander in California, who feared 
 a Spanish revolt, one company re-enlisted for six months, which service 
 was performed in a highly satisfactory manner, both to the officers and the 
 people of San Diego where they were stationed. 
 
 WINTER QUARTERS. 
 
 After the departure of the battalion from Council Bluffs, Prest. Young 
 gathered up the scattering companies and established a town called Win- 
 ter Quarters, where 700 log cabins and 150 dug-outs (cabins half under 
 ground) were built during the Fall and Winter, upon the site of what is 
 now known as Florence, Nebraska. At this point the Saints suffered ex- 
 tremely from sickness, exposure and the want of the necessaries of life. 
 Several thousand wagons were also encamped in various localities on the 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 11 
 
 east side of the Missouri river, where the Saints began to build up a place, 
 subsequently named Kanesville, hi honor of Thomas L. Kane, of Phila- 
 delphia, whose kindness had endeared him to them. 
 
 EXPULSION FROM NAUVOO. 
 
 When it became known in Illinois that the flower of the camp had en- 
 listed into the service of the United States, the mob assembled with 
 redoubled fury, formed a military encampment, provided with artillery, 
 in the neighborhood of Nauvoo, which now contained the poor, the help- 
 less, the sick and infirm, as all who were able to leave, on any terms, had 
 done so during the Spring and Summer. 
 
 The mob, under command of Rev. Thomas S. Brockman, increased 
 their force to about 1800, made several unsuccessful attacks upon the 
 city, (which could barely muster 123 men) killing three men and wounding 
 a number of others and battering down many buildings. They finally 
 succeeded, on the 17th day of September, after several days' siege and 
 three days' bombardment, in driving the people, helpless and destitute of 
 everything that could make life desirable, across the river into Iowa. 
 Here many must have perished from starvation had not the kind Creator 
 fed them by sending upon their camps flocks of quails so tame that the 
 Women caught them with their hands. In this place they lay exposed to 
 the storms of autumn right in view of a thousand empty houses belong- 
 ing to themselves and friends, until teams were sent back from the camps 
 to remove the survivors, many having died. To crown their victory, the 
 mob subsequently set fire to the Temple of Nauvoo, which was the most 
 beautiful building in the Western States. It was the first specimen of a 
 new order of architecture, introduced by President Joseph Smith, and 
 had cost a million dollars. The light of its fire was visible for thirty miles. 
 
 Very little real estate had been sold, though the improvements, property 
 and buildings of the Saints in Illinois were among the best in the Western 
 States. Such a vast amount of property exposed for sale in Hancock and 
 the adjoining counties had a tendency to glut the market, which, together 
 with the hostile influence of our enemies, prevented sales even at low 
 rates. Fortunately oxen were cheap, and companies continued leaving 
 till late in the summer, making the new route a grand encampment for 
 300 miles, as wagons were to be seen at every watering place. 
 
 For a more full description of these scenes, the following extract is 
 copied from the historical address of Colonel (now General) Thomas L. 
 Kane, who was an eye-witness : 
 
 " A few years ago," said Colonel Kane, "ascending the Upper Mississippi 
 in the autumn, when its waters were low, I was compelled to travel by land 
 past the region of the Rapids. My road lay through the Half-Breed Tract, a 
 fine section of Iowa, which the unsettled state of its land-titles had appropriated 
 as a sanctuary ior coiners, horse thieves, and other outlaws. I had left my 
 steamer at Keokuk, at the foot of the Lower Fall, to hire a carriage, and to 
 contend for some fragments of a dirty meal with the swarming flies, the only 
 scavengers of the locality. 
 
 "From this place to where the deep water of the river returns, my eye 
 wearied to see everywhere sordid, vagabond and idle settlers ; and a country 
 marred, without being improve,!, by their careless hands. I was descending 
 
12 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 the last hill-side upon my journey, when a landscape in delightful contrast 
 broke upon my view. Half encircled by a bend of the river, a beautiful city 
 lay glittering in the fresh morning sun ; its bright new dwellings, set in cool 
 green gardens, ranging up around a stately dome-shaped hill, which was 
 crowned by a noble editice, whose high tapering spire was radiant with white 
 and gold. The city appeared to cover several miles ; and beyond it, in the 
 back-ground, there rolled off a fair country, chequered by the careful lines of 
 fruitful husbandry. The unmistakeable marks of industry, enterprise, and 
 educated wealth everywhere, made the scene one of singular and most striking 
 beauty. It was a natural impulse to visit this inviting region. I procured a 
 skiff, and rowing across the river, landed at the chief wharf of the city. No one 
 met me there. I looked, and saw no one. I could hear no one move ; though 
 the quiet everywhere was such that I heard the flies buzz, and the water-ripples 
 break against the shallow of the beach. I walked through the solitary streets. 
 The town lay as in a dream, under some deadening spell of loneliness, from 
 which I almost feared to wake it ; for plainly it had not slept long. There wa 
 no grass growing up in the paved ways ; rains had not entirely washed away 
 the prints of dusty footsteps. 
 
 " Yet I went about unchecked. I went into empty workshops, rope- walks 
 and smithies. The spinner's wheel was idle ; the carpenter had gone from his 
 work-bench and shavings, his unfinished sash and casing. Fresh bark was in 
 the tanner's vat, and the fresh-chopped light wood stood piled against the 
 baker's oven. The blacksmith's shop was cold ; but his coal heap, and ladling 
 pool, and crooked water horn, were all there, as if he had just gone off for a 
 holiday. No work-people anywhere looked to know my errand. 
 
 "If I went into the gardens, clinking the wicket-latch loudly after me, to 
 pull the marygolds, heartsease, and lady-slippers, and draw a drink with the 
 water-sodden well-bucket and its noisy chain ; or, knocking off with my stick 
 the tall, heavy-headed dahlias and sunflowers, hunted over the beds for 
 cucumbers and love-apples no one called out to me from any opened window, 
 or dog sprang forward to bark an alarm. 
 
 "I could have supposed the people hidden in the houses, but the doors were 
 unfastened ; and when at last I timidly entered them, I found dead ashes white 
 upon the hearths, and had to tread a-tiptoe, as if walking down the aisle of a 
 country church, to avoid arousing irreverent echoes from the naked floors. On 
 the outskirts of the town was the city graveyard ; but there was no record of 
 plague there, nor did it in anywise differ much from other Protestant American 
 cemeteries. S- me of the mounds were not long sodded ; some of the stones 
 were newly set, their dates recent, and their black inscriptions glossy in the 
 mason's hardly dried lettering ink. Beyond the graveyard, out in the fields, I 
 saw, in one spot hard by where the fruited boughs of a young orchard had been 
 roughly torn down, the still smouldering embers of a barbecue fire, that had 
 been constructed of rails from the fencing around it. It was the latest sign of 
 lite there. Fields upon fields of heavy-headed yellow grain lay rotting 
 ungathered upon the ground. No one was at hand to take in their rich harvest, 
 
 "As far as the eye could reach, they stretched away they, sleeping too in the 
 hazy air. of autumn. Only two portions of the city seemed to suggest the 
 import of this mysterious solitude. On the southern suburb, the houses looking 
 out upon the country showed, by their splintered woodwork and walls battered 
 to the foundation, that they had lately been the mark of a destructive cannon- 
 ade. And in and around the splendid Temple, which had been the chief object 
 of my admiration, armed iren were barracked, surrounded by their stacks of 
 musketry and pieces of heavy ordnance. These challenged me to render an 
 account of myself and why I had had the temerity to cross the water without 
 a written permit from a leader of their band. 
 
 "Though these men were generally more or less under the influence of 
 ardent spirits, after I had explained myself as a passing stranger, they seemed 
 anxious to gain my good opinion. They told the story of the Dead City ; that 
 it had been a notable manufacturing and commercial mart, sheltering over 
 20,000 persons ; that they had waged war with its inhabitants for several years, 
 and had been finally successful only a few days before my visit, in an action 
 fought in front of the ruined suburb ; after which, they had driven them forth 
 at the point of the sword. The defence, they said, had been obstinate, but 
 gave way on the third day's bombardment. They boasted greatly of their 
 prowess, especially in this battle, as they called it; but I discovered they were 
 

 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 13 
 
 not of one mind as to certain of the exploits that had distinguished it, one of 
 which, as I remember, was, that they had slain a father and his son, a boy of 
 fifteen, not long residents of the fated city, whom they admitted to have borne 
 a character without reproach. 
 
 "They also conducted me inside the massive sculptured walls of the curious 
 Temple, in which they said the banished inhabitants were accustomed to cele- 
 brate the mystic rites of an unhallowed worship. They particularly pointed 
 out to me certain features of the building, which, having been the peculiar 
 objects of a former superstitious regard, they had, as a matter of duty, sedul- 
 ously defiled and defaced. The reputed sites of certain shrines they had thus 
 particularly noticed ; and various sheltered chambers, in one of which was a 
 deep well, constructed, they believed, with a dreadful design. Beside these, 
 they led me to see a large and deep-chiselled marble vase or basin, supported 
 upon twelve oxen, also of marble, and of the size of life, of which they told 
 some romantic stories. They said the deluded persons, most of whom were 
 emigrants from a great distance, believed their Deity countenanced their recep- 
 tion here of a baptism of regeneration, as proxies for whomsoever they held in 
 warm affection in the countries from which they had come. That here parents 
 ' went into the water' for their lost children, children for their parents, widows 
 for their spouses, and young persons for their lovers ; that thus the Great Vase 
 came to be for them associated with all dear and distant memories, and was 
 therefore the object, of all others in the building, to which they attached the 
 greatest degree of idolatrous affection. On this account, the victors had so 
 diligently desecrated it, as to render the apartment in which it was contained 
 too noisome to abide in. 
 
 "They permitted me also to ascend into the steeple, to see where it had been 
 lightning-struck on the Saobath before; and to look out, east and south, on wasted 
 farms like those I had seen near the city, extending till they were lost in the 
 distance. Here, in the face of pure day, close to the scar of the divine 
 wrath left by the thunderbolt, were fragments of food, cruses of liquor, and 
 broken drinking vessels, with a bass drum and a steamboat signal bell, of 
 which I afterwards learned the use with pain 
 
 " It was after night'all, when I was ready to cross the river on my return. 
 The wind had freshened since the sunset, and the water beating roughly into 
 my little boat, I beaded higher up the stream than the point I had left in the 
 morning, and landed where a faint glimmering light invited me to steer. 
 
 "Here, among the dock and rushes, sheltered only by the darkness, without 
 roof between them and the sky, I came upon a crowd of several hundred human 
 creatures, whom my movements roused from uneasy slumber upon the ground. 
 
 "Passing these on my way to the light, I found it came from a tallow candle, 
 in a paper funnel shade, such as is used by street vendors of apples and pea- 
 nuts, and which, flaring and guttering away in the bleak air off the water, 
 shone fiickeringlyon the emaciated features of a man in the last stage of a bilious, 
 remittent fever. They had done their best for him. Over his head was some- 
 thing like a tent, made of a sheet or two, aid he rested on a but partially ripped 
 open old straw mattress, with a hair sofa cushion under his head for a pillow. 
 His gaping jaw and glazing eye told how short a time he would monopolize 
 these luxuries ; though a seemingly bewildered and excited person, who 
 might have been his wife, seemed to find hope in occasionally forcing him to 
 swallow, awkwardly-measured, sips of the tepid river water, from a burned and 
 battered bitter-smelling tin coffee pot. Those who knew better had furnished the 
 apothecary he needed ; a toothless old bald-head, whose manner had the 
 repulsive dullness of a man familiar with death scenes. He, so long as I 
 remained, mumbled in his patient's ear a monotonous and melancholy prayer, 
 between the pauses of which I heard the hiccup and sobbing of two little girls, 
 who were sitting upon a piece of drift wood outside. 
 
 " Dreadful, indeed, was the suffering of these forsaken beings; bowed and 
 cramped by cold and sunburn ; alternating as each weary day and night 
 dragged on, they were, almost all of them, the crippled victims of disease. 
 They were th< re because they had no homes, nor hospital, nor poor-house, nor 
 friends to offer them any. They could not satisfy the feeble cravings of their 
 sick ; they had not bread to quiet the fractious hunger-cries of their children. 
 Mothers and babes, daughters and grand- parents, all of them alike, were 
 bivouacked in tatters, wanting even covering to comfort those whom the sick 
 shiver of fever were searching to the marrow. 
 
 
14 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 "These were Mormons, famishing in L e county, Iowa, iu the fourth week of 
 the month of Sept *mber, in the year of our Lord 1846. The city it was Nauvoo, 
 111. The Mormons were the owners of that city, and the smiling country 
 around. And those who had stopped their ploughs, who had silenced their 
 hammers, their axes, their shuttles, and their workshop wheels ;, those who 
 had put out their fires, who had eaten their food, spoiled their orchards, and 
 trampled under foot their thousands of acres of unharvested bread ; these were 
 the keepers of their dwellings, the carousors in their temple, wbose drunken 
 riot insulted the < j ars of their dying. 
 
 " I think it was as I turned from the wretched night watch of which I have 
 spoken, that I first listened to the sounds of revel of a party of the guard 
 within the city. Above the distant hum of the voices of many, occasionally 
 rose distinct the loud oath-tainted exclamation, and the falsely intonated scrap 
 of vulgar song; but lest this requiem should go unheeded, every now and 
 then, when their boisterous orgies strove to attain a sort of ecstatic climax, a 
 cruel spirit of insulting frolic carried some of them up into the high belfry of 
 the Temple steeple, and there, with the wicked childishness of inebriates, they 
 whooped, and shrieked, and beat the drum that I had seen, and rang in chari- 
 varic unison their loud-tongued steam-boat bell. 
 
 "They were, all told, not more than six hundred and forty persons who 
 were thus lying on the river flats. But the Mormons in Nauvoo and its 
 dependencies had been numbered the year before at over twenty thousand. 
 Where were they? They had last been seen, carrying in mournful trains their 
 sick and wounded, halt and blind, to disappear behind the western horizon, 
 pursuing the phantom of another home. Hardly anything else was known of 
 them : and people asked with curiosity, * What had been their fate what their 
 fortunes?" 
 
 The rear of the camp of the Saints that were driven out of Nauvoo 
 encamped on the banks of the Mississippi, a very uncomfortable and 
 distressing situation, where they were frequently annoyed by the firing of 
 cannon from the opposite side of the river, many of the shot landing in 
 the river, but occasionally some would pass over into the camp. One of 
 them, picked up in the camp, was sent as a present to the Governor of 
 Iowa. 
 
 PIONEERING JOURNEY. 
 
 In the spring of 1847, President Brigham Young, with 143 pioneers, 
 started in search of a place of settlement. He was led by the inspiration of 
 the Almighty, (for no one of the company knew anything of the country) 
 directly to Great Salt Lake Valley, where he and the company arrived on 
 the 24th day of July, having sought out and made a new road 650 
 miles, and followed a trappers' trail nearly 400 miles On the 29th of 
 July the Pioneers received additional strength by the arrival of Captain 
 James Brown and a detachment of the battalion and a company of Saints 
 from the Mississippi, who wintered with the detachment on the Arkansas 
 river. Seven of the detachment died on the route. 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY. 
 
 The population, being now about four hundred, the building of Salt 
 Lake City was commenced by the erection of a Fort, enclosing ten acres. 
 
 The arrival of the Pioneers and this detachment of the battalion, all 
 armed and carrying the flag of the United States, the commencement to 
 build a fort and the hoisting of the stars and stripes (although this coun- 
 try at the time belonged to Mexico) had a tendency to impress the wild 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 15 
 
 tribes of the mountains with respect, and made it comparatively easy to 
 promote friendly relations with them. 
 
 The Twelve Apostles organized Salt Lake City into a Stake of Zion and 
 appointed John Smith President; Charles C. Rich and John Young his 
 counsellors; Tarlton Lewis, Bishop, and a High Council. This organiza- 
 tion went into effect on the arrival of the immigrant companies in the Fall 
 of 1847, when about 700 wagons laden with families arrived on the site of 
 Salt Lake City. 
 
 The whole basin was so barren as to produce little besides a species of 
 bunch grass, and the ground was covered with myriads of large black 
 crickets, which were the food of the Indians. In this desert place the site 
 of Salt Lake City was surveyed. 
 
 Not a single person in the whole company had a full supply of provis- 
 ions, but all were on half rations. About one hundred, who had served 
 in the "Mormon" Battalion, found their way here from California in the 
 Winter, without any provisions. 
 
 RETURN OF THE PIONEERS. 
 
 On the 25th of August, 1847, President Brigham Young and 107 
 others started on their return to Winter Quarters. At the South Pass the 
 Sioux Indians stole part of their animals, which compelled them to walk 
 most of the way to the Missouri river, depending mostly upon such game 
 as they could obtain by the way, and being without suitable horses for 
 chasing the buffalo the few obtained were generally old bulls, whose flesh 
 was of very poor quality and not sufficient in quantity to supply their 
 wants. 
 
 In 1848, President Young arrived again in Salt Lake valley with about 
 eight hundred wagons. 
 
 The crickets, during the season of 1848, came down from the mountains 
 in myriads and destroyed a great portion of the scanty crops; and, not- 
 withstanding every effort was made to drive them off by means of bushes, 
 long rods, &c., whole families and neighborhoods turning out en masse 
 until almost exhausted, the whole would have been destroyed had not the 
 Almighty in His kindness sent gulls in vast numbers, covering every 
 field, driving the crickets from the crops into the streams and even into 
 door yards, and devouring them until gorged, then vomiting them and 
 devouring more. 
 
 Notwithstanding the "Mormon" Battalion had been in the service of the 
 United States, those of their families which were located at Winter Quar- 
 ters were required, by the Indian Department, in the Spring of 1848, to 
 leave their cabins and recross the river into Iowa. Yet it was well 
 known they were only encamped there awaiting the return of their hus- 
 bands, fathers and brothers, who had been discharged on the Pacili 
 coast, without means of transportation or rations. 
 
 GOLD DISCOVERED IN CALIFORNIA. 
 
 In the Spring of 1848, some members of the "Mormon" Battalion dis- 
 covered gold in California; thus opening to the world an unparalleled 
 source of wealth and adventure. 
 
16 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 LOG TABERNACLE CONFERENCE. 
 
 At a General Conference held at the log Tabernacle in December, 1847, 
 at Kanesville, (now Council Bluffs,) Iowa, the Saints acknowledged 
 Brigham Young President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day 
 Saints, and Heber C. Kimball and Willard Richards his counselors. This 
 action was confirmed at the General Conference held in Salt Lake Valley 
 after the companies arrived in the Fall of 1848; John Smith was chosen 
 Patriarch over the whole Church, and in February, 1849, Charles C. 
 Rich, Lorenzo Snow, Erastus Snow and Franklin D. Richards were 
 ordained to fill the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. 
 
 CHURCH AUTHORITIES 1849. 
 
 The Church authorities then stood as follows: Brigham Young, Presi- 
 dent; Heber C. Kimball and Willard Richards, counsellors; Orson Hyde, 
 President of the Twelve Apostles; Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, John Tay- 
 lor, Wilford Woodruff, George A. Smith, Amasa M. Lyman, Ezra T. 
 Benson, Charles C. Rich, Lorenzo Snow, Erastus Snow and Franklin D. 
 Richards, members of the Quorum of the Twelve; John Smith, Patri- 
 arch ; Daniel Spencer, President of the Stake of Salt Lake, and Newel K. 
 Whitney, Presiding Bishop. 
 
 ORGANIZATION AND CAMP RULES. 
 
 The companies for the plains were organized at the Elk Horn river, 
 about 18 miles west of Winter Quarters, now Florence, Nebraska, into 
 companies of hundreds, fifties and tens; each fifty was provided with a 
 blacksmith and wagon maker with tools for repairing wagons and shoe- 
 ing animals. Three hundred pounds of breadstuff were required for each 
 person emigrating, and a good gun with 100 rounds of ammunition for 
 each able-bodied man. Many cows were worked in the yoke. Each 
 family was also required to take a due proportion of seed grain and agri- 
 cultural implements. Every wagon, load and team was inspected by a 
 committee, and none were allowed to start on to the plains without 
 the required outfit. A strict guard was kept over the cattle by night and 
 day, and also in the camps, which were formed in an oval shape, the 
 inside making a corral for the stock. Pigs and poultry were carried in 
 coops attached to the wagons. 
 
 No person was allowed by the rules to wander about, not even to hunt 
 game, except under special directions, and by these precautions no person 
 was lost and but few accidents occurred, and the loss of animals was small, 
 although we traveled ten hundred and thirty-four miles from the Missouri 
 river to Salt Lake City, through an uninhabited and desert region. Sat- 
 urday afternoon was usually occupied washing, baking, repairing wagons 
 and shoeing animals, and Sunday was a day of rest and worship. 
 Morning and evening prayers and songs of praise were never omitted in 
 the camps, and occasionally a dance was enjoyed, the companies gener- 
 ally being favored With musical talent. 
 
 Thus the refining influences of society and civilization were continually 
 felt and kept in view, and the moral status of the camps' preserved invio- 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 17 
 
 late through all the fatigues, hardships, exposures and vexatious annoy- 
 ances of the entire journey. 
 
 BREAD REGULATIONS. 
 
 For about three years every head of a family issued his breadstuff in 
 rations daily, varying from one-quarter to one pound per soul, according 
 to the amount of provisions he had on hand; most of the time the rations 
 were from one-half to three-fourths of a pound, sometimes accompanied 
 with vegetables and milk; but if without these, the bread was not in- 
 creased, for it was necessary that it should be made to last until harvest. 
 This order of things continued until the population increased to over 
 12000, when in 1850 an abundant harvest put an end to the necessity of 
 rationing. In 1855, most of the crops were destroyed by grasshoppers 
 and drouth, compelling the people to subsist principally upon the surplus 
 of previous years, and the adoption again of the system of rationing, which 
 continued until the harvest of 1856. In addition to the loss of crops by 
 grasshoppers, vast numbers of cattle died in consequence of the severity 
 of the winter of 1855-6, materially lessening the quantity of food. During 
 these periods great numbers of gold hunters en route, for California came 
 into the valley destitute of food, who were fed and aided on their way 
 from our scanty supplies. In all these times of scarcity measures were 
 taken to supply those who were unable to furnish themselves. Fast days 
 were proclaimed in all the congregations on the first Thursday of each 
 month, and the food saved in that way distributed among the poor; and 
 thousands of persons who had an abundance of bread put their families 
 on rations, so as to save the same for those who could not otherwise obtain 
 it. And so wise and liberal were the regulations during these periods of 
 scarcity incident upon settling the Territory that no one perished or even 
 suffered materially for the want of food, and all were remarkably 
 healthy. 
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. STATE OF DESERET. 
 
 In March, 1849, a Provisional Government was organized and a State 
 Constitution adopted by a convention under the name of "The State of 
 Deseret." A delegate was sent to Congress, with a petition for admission 
 into the Union. At the first general election, a Governor, Secretary, 
 Chief Justice and two Associates, Marshal, Attorney General, Assessor 
 and Collector, Treasurer and Magistrates were elected. 
 
 Under the Provisional Government of the State of Deseret, and before 
 the Territorial Organic Act passed, the counties of Salt Lake, Davis, Weber, 
 Utah, Sanpete and Iron were organized, and the cities of Salt Lake, 
 Ogden, Provo, Manti and Parowan were incorporated. Bridges were 
 constructed across the Weber, Ogden and Provo rivers, and two across Jhe 
 Jordan river; new valleys were explored and roads opened into various 
 parts of the State, all of which were free from toll, although costing an 
 immense amount of labor, in consequence of the rugged features of the 
 country, the great difficulty in getting timber, and the scarcity of saw 
 mills. 
 
-j 
 
 18 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 Although the country was one of the most barren by nature ever inhab- 
 ited by man, scarcely a tree or a bush growing below the snow line with- 
 out irrigation , no colony ever progressed with more equal and uniform 
 rapidity. 
 
 TERRITORY OF UTAH. 
 
 September 9th, 1850. an act of Congress providing for the organization 
 of the Territorial government of Utah was approved; Sec. 7 of which 
 declares the laws of the United States to be in force in Utah as far as 
 applicable. The judges of the Supreme Court did not enter upon their 
 duties until 1853. 
 
 Brigham Young was appointed Governor of Utah by President Millard 
 Fillmore, and continued in office until the arrival of Alfred Gumming/ 
 in April, 1858, and performed the duties of that office to the entire satis- 
 faction of the inhabitants, who unanimously desired his re-appointment. 
 
 SETTLEMENT OF COUNTIES. 
 
 Salt Lake County was settled by President Brigham Young and pioneers 
 who entered Salt Lake Valley, July 24th, 1847. They erected a fort of logs 
 and sun-dried bricks, enclosing ten acres of land, now known as the "old 
 fort" block, in the Sixth Ward of Salt Lake City. 
 
 Davis County by Peregrine Sessions, in the Spring of 1848. He located 
 at Bountiful. 
 
 Weber County by Capt. James Brown, in the Spring of 1848. He pur- 
 chased some shanties and a Mexican grant of land from Miles Goodyear, 
 an Indian trader, on the site of Ogden City. 
 
 Utah County by John and Isaac Higbee and thirty others, who built a 
 picket fort near the site of Provo City in the Spring of 1849. 
 
 Tooele County by John Rowberry and others in 1849. 
 
 San Pete County by a company under the guidance of Isaac Morley, 
 Seth Taft and Charles Shumway, who entered that valley in November, 
 1849, and located at Manti. 
 
 Decembers, 1850, thirty families left Salt Lake City, including one hun- 
 dred and eighteen men, with six hundred head of stock and one hundred 
 and one wagons, led by Elder George A. Smith; and in January following 
 arrived at, and settled the county of, Iron, by building a fort at Parowan. 
 
 Millard County in the Fall of 1851, by Anson Call and thirty fami- 
 lies. 
 
 Box Elder County by Simeon A. Carter and others, in 1851. 
 
 Carson County (now in the State of Nevada) by Col. John Eeese, in 
 1851, and in 1855 by missionaries from Salt Lake Valley, under the direc- 
 tion of Hon. Orson Hyde, when the county was organized. 
 
 Juab County in the Fall of 1852, by Joseph L. Hey wood and George W. 
 Bradley, who located at Nephi. 
 
 Washington County in the Spring of 1852, by John D. Lee, who made 
 a ranch on Ash Creek. The cotton region of the county by Jacob Ham- 
 bliii, at Santa Clara, in 1855, Joseph Horn, at Heberville, in 1857, Robert 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 19 
 
 D. Covington and thirty-three others, at Washington, in 1857, and Joshua 
 T. Willis, at Toquer, in the Spring of 1858. 
 
 Summit County in 1853, by Samuel Snyder, Esq., who built saw mills 
 in Parley's Park* 
 
 Green River County, now included in Wyoming Territory, by President 
 Brigham Young, who purchased of James Bridger a Mexican grant for 
 thirty miles of land and some cabins, known as Fort Bridger, for which 
 he paid eight thousand dollars in gold; the deeds of this property : re still 
 in his possession. He erected a stone fort and corrals for the protection 
 of animals and made other improvements on the ranch, expending about 
 $8,CQO more. 
 
 In November, 1853, Jofrii Nebeker and a company of thirty-nine breth- 
 ren, afeo Isaac Bullock and another company numbering fifty-three men, 
 left Salt Lake and Utah counties and located at Fort Supply, in Green 
 River County. They built houses, fenced and broke up land and planted 
 crops. 
 
 In 1857, the' United States army, under Gen. Johnson, took possession 
 of Fort Bridger, in the name of the United States, and declared it to be 
 a military reservation. The reservation was also extended over the settle- 
 ment and farming lands of Fort Supply, the county seat. 
 
 Alfred Gumming, then Governor of Utah, made an attempt to restore 
 the property to the citizens who had been dispossessed by military au- 
 thority but his efforts were unsuccessful, Jiaving been overruled by John 
 B. Floyd, then Secretary of War. The loss and damage sustained by 
 these pioneers, were about $300,000. 
 
 Morgan County by Jedediah M. Grant and Thomas Thurstin, in the 
 Spring of 1855. 
 
 Cache County in 1856, by Peter Maughan and others, at Wellsville. 
 
 Beaver County in 1856, by Edward Thompson and thirteen others from 
 Parowan. 
 
 Kane County in the Fall of 1858, by Nephi Johnson and six others, who 
 located at Virgen City. 
 
 Rich County in 1863, by Elder Charles C. Rich and many others. 
 Wasatch County by twenty men from Provo and Spanish and American 
 Forks* 
 
 TERRITORIAL. LEGISLATURE AND CONVENTIONS. 
 
 At the first session of the Territorial Legislature, held in 1851-2, in Salt 
 Lake City, memorials to Congress were adopted praying for the construc- 
 tion of a National Central Railroad, and also a telegraph line from the Mis- 
 souri river, ma Salt Lake City, to the Pacific. 
 
 The Legislature continued to memorialize Congress from time to time 
 on these subjects, until a telegraph line was established, connecting the 
 Atlantic and the Pacific coasts and the great National Central Railroad, so 
 long desired, is now completed. 
 
20 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 The following Memorial was signed by Governor Brigham Young : 
 
 MEMORIAL TO CONGRESS FOR THE CONSTRfTCTION OF A GREAT 
 NATIONAL CENTRAL RAILROAD TO THE PACIFIC COAST. 
 
 APPROVED MARCH 3, 1852. 
 
 To the Honorable, the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, 
 in Congress assembled: 
 
 Your memorialists, the Governor and Legislative Assembly of the Territory 
 of Utah, respectfully pray your honorable body, to provide for the establish- 
 ment of a national central railroad from some eligible point on the Mississippi 
 or Missouri rivers, to San Diego, San Francisco, Sacramento or Astoria, or 
 such other point on or near the Pacific coast, as the wisdom of your honorable 
 body may dictate. 
 
 Your memorialists respectfully state, that the immense emigration to and 
 from the Pacific, requires the immediate attention, guardian care, and fostering 
 assistance of the greatest and most liberal government on the earth. Your 
 memorialists are of opinion that not less than five thousand American citizens 
 have perished on the different routes within the last three years, for the want 
 of proper means of transportation ; that an eligible route can be obtained your 
 memorialists have no doubt, being extensively acquainted with the country. 
 We know, that no obstruction exists between" this point and San Diego, and 
 that iron, coal, timber, stone, and other materials exist in various places on the 
 route ; and that the settlements of this Territory are so situated, as to amply 
 supply the builders of said road, with materials and provisions for a consider- 
 able portion of the route, and to carry on an extensive trade after the road is 
 completed. 
 
 Your memorialists are of opinion that the mineral resources of California, 
 and these mountains, can never be fully developed to the benefit of the people 
 of the United States, without the construction of such a road; and, upon its 
 completion, the entire trade of China and the East Indies will pass through the 
 heart of the Union, thereby giving our citizens the almost entire control of the 
 Asiatic and Pacific trade ; pouring into the lap of the American States, the 
 millions that are now diverted through other commercial channels: and last, 
 though not least, the road herein proposed would be a perpetual chain, or iron 
 band, which would effectually hold together our glorious Union with an 
 imperishable identity of mutual interest ; thereby, consolidating our relations 
 with foreign powers in times of peace and our defence from foreign invasion 
 by the speedy transmission of troops and supplies, in times of war. 
 
 The earnest attention of Congress to this important subject is solicited by 
 your memorialists, who, in duty bound, will ever pray. 
 
 The Territorial Legislature in December, 1855, passed an act providing 
 for holding a convention to form and adopt a Constitution for the Territory, 
 with a view to its admission into the Union as a State. 
 
 The convention met in March and adopted a Constitution, under the 
 name and style of "The State of Desefet," and a memorial to Congress, 
 which were submitted to the people and unanimously approved, and were 
 presented to Congress by the Delegate, Hon. John M. Bernhisel. 
 
 In 1862, another convention was held, which re-adopted, with slight 
 amendments, the Constitution of 1856, which was again submitted to the 
 people and approved. A State government was organized, and the Gene- 
 ral Assembly met and elected Hons. George Q. Cannon and William H. 
 Hooper, Senators to Congress, who went to Washington and endeavored, 
 unsuccessfully, to gain admission as a State. 
 
 DELEGATES IN CONGRESS. 
 
 The Territorial Delegate from 1851 to 1859 and from 1861 to 1863 was 
 Hon. John M. Bernhisel; from 1863 to 1865, Hon. John F. Kinney; from 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 21 
 
 1859 to 1861 and from 1865 to 1869, Hon. William H. Hooper, who is the 
 present Delegate. 
 
 AREA, AGRICULTURE, ETC., OF UTAH. 
 
 Utah extends from the 37th parallel of north latitude to the 42d, and 
 from the 109th to the 114th degree of longitude. The area is about 70,000 
 square miles. The proportion of land susceptible of cultivation is very 
 small, the general character of the Territory being that of mountain and 
 desert. The Agricultural Society in 1866 reported about 134,000 acres 
 under cultivation. Some tracts of land, apparently fine, rich soil, of su- 
 perior quality, fail to produce crops, owing to the superabundance of 
 alkali and other mineral substances, which encrust the surface of the 
 earth. The agriculture of the country is carried on at a heavy expense, 
 incurred by irrigation, the land having generally to be watered several 
 times to produce wheat and barley, and oftener for Indian corn and 
 roots. 
 
 The necessity of irrigation entails a continual expense upon the agricul- 
 turist in cleaning out ditches and canals and repairing dams. On much 
 of the soil the ditches have to be cleaned out twice a year. Good wheat, 
 com and vegetables may be produced in abundance, if carefully irri- 
 gated. 
 
 The following tables of the expense of the main irrigating canals and 
 the amount of land irrigated by the same, and agricultural statistics for 
 1865, serve to show, although very incomplete, the cost, as also the success, 
 attending agricultural industry in Utah. 
 
 Number of canals, 277; total length, in rods, 333,862; cost of construc- 
 tion, includin dams, $1,766,939; number of acres irrigated, 153,949; estima- 
 ted cost of canals in progress, $877,730. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 Measure or weight. 
 
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 Average per acre 
 
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 30 
 
 31 
 
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 115 
 
 151 
 
 79 
 
 139 
 
 265 
 
 344 
 
 Acres 
 
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 About 115 saw and 90 grist mills are in operation, and three woolen and 
 three cotton mills. 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 Amongst the public buildings there are the Deseret State House, erected 
 in 1849-50, in Salt Lake City, which has been occupied by the Legislature 
 for about sixteen years, and is now used by the Deseret University. The 
 
22 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 Utah Territorial House, at Fillmore City. The Tabernacle, in Salt Lake 
 City, a building 64x158, arched, without a column. The New Tabernacle 
 150x250, 80 feet high, oval in form, without a column, built on stone pillars 
 22 feet high, the roof being lattice-work of red pine timber, and, with 
 gallery, yet to be constructed, will contain 12,000 people. The organ in 
 course of erection in this edifice is second to none in the United States, in 
 appearance and sweetness of tone, and is exceeded in size by but one. It 
 was constructed entirely by Utah mechanics, under the direction of Elder 
 Joseph Kidges. A small amount of material was imported ; the principal 
 part thereof was produced at home. To hear the melody of the organ 
 richly repays a visit to the Tabernacle. The Court House is a well finished 
 building, 40x55. The City Hall, 60x60, built of stone, at a cost of $75,000, 
 with clock and bell. 
 
 The Theatre (including addition) is 80 by 172 feet, 46 feet high inside. 
 
 There are many imposing edifices in the settlements, principally meet- 
 ing houses and county buildings. 
 
 COMMON SCHOOLS. 
 
 According to the report of Bobert L. Campbell, Superintendent of Com- 
 mon Schools, there are 186 school districts in the Territory, with a school 
 population children between 4 and 16 years of upwards of 22,000, out of 
 which 58 per cent, are enrolled in school schedules, the actual attendance 
 being about 42 per cent. 
 
 The public lands donated by Congress to States and Territories, in the 
 absence of a land office, have not been available, hence there is no public 
 school fund. Schools, however, are generously supported by the people. 
 
 Salt Lake City is divided into twenty one school districts, with a good 
 public school-house in each, some districts having three and four schools; 
 besides which there are private schools and two academies, and two com- 
 mercial colleges. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES. 
 
 The following newspapers and magazines are published in Utah: 
 The "Deseret News," Weekly, Semi- Weekly and Daily, edited by 
 George Q. Cannon; issue, 15,000 copies. The "Juvenile Instructor," also 
 edited by George Q. Cannon; issue, 3000 copies semi-monthly. The "Utah 
 Magazine," published by Harrison & Godbe. The Salt Lake Daily, 
 Semi Weekly and Weekly "Telegraph," by T. B. H. Stenhouse. These 
 are published in Salt Lake City. The "Bio Virgen Times," the "Cactus," 
 and "St. George Juvenile," are published at St. George, in Southern 
 Utah. 
 
 DEMISE AND SUCCESSION OF LEADING AUTHORITIES. 
 
 Newel K. Whitney, presiding Bishop, died in Salt Lake City, Sept. 23, 
 1850. Edward Hunter was appointed his successor. 
 
 Elder Willard Bichards, one of the First Presidency, Church Historian 
 and Editor of the "Deseret News," died at his residence in Salt Lake City 
 on the llth of March, 1854, and was succeeded by Elder Jedediah Morgan 
 Grant, as Second Counselor to President Young. 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 23 
 
 Patriarch John Smith died May 23d, 1854, at his residence in Salt Lake 
 City, and was succeeded by John Smith, (son of Hyrum) who was set 
 apart to the office of Patriarch, Feb. 18th, 1855. 
 
 . Elder Jedediah Morgan Grant died December 1st, 1856, at his residence 
 in Salt Lake City, and on the 4th day of January, 1857, Elder Daniel H. 
 \Vells was chosen to fill the vacancy thus caused in the quorum of the 
 First Presidency. 
 
 Elder Heber Chase Kimball, first counselor to President Young, died 
 June 22d, 1868, at his residence in Salt Lake City, and at the Conference of 
 October 6th, 1868, Elder George Albert Smith was appointed to succeed 
 Elder Kimball in the office of First Counselor to President Young. 
 
 Daniel Spencer was set apart as President of this Stake of Zion, Feb. 13, 
 1849. He died in Salt Lake City, Dec. 13, 1868. John W. Young was 
 appointed his successor. 
 
 INDIAN OUTRAGES. 
 
 The course adopted towards the Indians in Utah has been the peaceful 
 policy of feeding and clothing, in preference to fighting them. A vast 
 amount of labor and means have been expended in locating farms, sup- 
 plying implements and teaching the art of husbandry to the Indians 
 throughout the Territory, which has been a very heavy tax upon the 
 people. 
 
 Almost every difficulty which has existed or arisen between the citizens 
 of the Territory and the Indians has been the result of reckless and barba- 
 rous treatment by emigrants passing through the Territory, or by indis- 
 creet and foolish persons residing therein. 
 
 A portion of the Utes located in Utah valley became hostile in the 
 Spring of 1849, in consequence of one of their number being killed, which 
 was unknown to the authorities of the Provisional State for some time. 
 This war resulted in the death of Joseph Higbee, the wounding of several 
 others, the expenditure of thousands of dollars in a campaign, suspension 
 of labor, and stock driven off or destroyed. In the Fall of 1850, the Indi- 
 ans in the northern part of the Territory were also hostile from similar 
 causes. A party of emigrants from Missouri, who were encamped on the 
 Malad, shot several squaws who were crossing the stream on horse-back, 
 and took their horses; they then continued their journey westward. When 
 this fact came to the knowledge of the warriors, they made a descent 
 upon the northern settlements, killing Mr. Campbell, who was engaged 
 in erecting a mill. In a short time a company of volunteers were on the 
 spot, and ascertaining the cause of the difficulty, through some friendly 
 Indians, succeeded in restoring peace by paying the Indians for the squaws 
 who had been killed and the horses that had been taken off, and by this 
 means avoided further bloodshed. 
 
 In 1853, a person named Ivey, in a passion, struck an Indian, which 
 resulted in his death. A war ensued, which continued about one year, in 
 which a number of persons were killed. Several flourishing settlements 
 on the frontiers had to abandoned and were burned by the Indians. In 
 
24 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 this war several mountaineers and traders took a lively part in aiding the 
 Indians with ammunition and supplies. 
 
 The murder of Capt. J. W. Gunnison and party by the Pahvantes, 
 which occurred in November, 1853, was the direct result of the conduct of 
 a party of emigrants from the States, on their way to California, who 
 killed a Pahvante Indian and wounded two others at Corn creek, a short 
 time previously; according to the Indian rule of revenge, the massacre of 
 the next white men found on their grounds was the consequence. 
 
 In the settlement of new valleys, President Brigham Young and the 
 leading authorities of the Church have invariably counseled the settlers to 
 build forts and locate themselves in sufficient numbers and in such a man- 
 ner that when Indians were disposed to commit depredations they would 
 be able to secure their families and their stock. 
 
 April 9th, 1865, several Indians visited Manti, Sanpete county; they 
 wanted to have a big talk, and boasted of having killed fifteen head of 
 cattle within a few days, and got into a quarrel with some of the citizens. 
 
 Next day, several of the citizens of Manti rode out to the range to find 
 if the boasts of the Indians about killing their cattle were true, when they 
 were confronted by the Indians, who fired upon them, killing a young 
 man named Peter Ludvicksen. The Indians retired up Salt Creek cafion 
 into Sevier county, where they found Elijah B. Ward and James Anderson 
 in charge of cattle, whom they also killed. A party started on the 12th in 
 pursuit of the Indians and the cattle which they had taken with them. 
 This party was overpowered by the Indians, and two of their number, 
 William Kearnes and Jens Sorensen, were killed. 
 
 May 26th, the Indians made a descent upon a family named Given, 
 in Thistle Valley, twelve miles from Fairview, in Sanpete County, 
 and massacred the father, mother, and four children, having the evening 
 previous killed Jens Larsen. On the 29th they also killed David H. 
 Jones. 
 
 In July, Robert Gillespie and Anthony Robinson were killed and several 
 citizens wounded. 
 
 These Indian massacres, which were generally accompanied by raids on 
 cattle, rendered it necessary for the inhabitants of Sanpete, Sevier, Piute, 
 Millard, Iron, Beaver, Kane, and Washington counties to guard their stock 
 with mounted, armed men. 
 
 In January, 1866, a band of Indians made a descent upon the Pipe Spring 
 ranch, in Kane county, killing J. M. Whitmore, the proprietor, and Robert 
 Me Entire, and robbing the ranch of cattle and sheep. The ranch of Pah- 
 reah was also robbed, and besieged for several months. Peter Shirts 
 barricaded his house, and by strategy and unceasing vigilance, with 
 the aid of his family, managed to evade the blow aimed at him until 
 relieved by Captain James Andrus and a company of mounted volun- 
 teers from Graf ton. 
 
 April 2nd, Robert Berry and wife, with his brother Joseph, were 
 waylaid and massacred at Short creek, Kane county. 
 
 On the 22nd, Albert Lewis was killed and three persons wounded 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 near Marysvale, Piute county; and on the 29th, Thomas Jones was 
 killed and Wm. Avery wounded at Fairview, in Sanpete county. On 
 the 10th of June, the Indians made a raid on Round Valley, driving 
 away three hundred head of cattle and horses and killing Father 
 James Ivie and Henry Wright. On the 24th, Charles Brown was 
 killed and Thomas Snarr wounded in Thistle Valley; and while re- 
 covering the horses and cattle driven off from the Spanish Fork pas- 
 ture, John Edmiston, of Maiiti, was killed, and A. Dimick, of Spanish 
 Fork, badly wounded. 
 
 Early in 1867, the continued hostile intentions of the Indians were 
 announced in the massacre of James P. Petersen, his wife and daugh- 
 ter, near Glenwood, Sevier county, who were mutilated in the most 
 horrible manner. The vigilance of the militia of these counties, assist- 
 ed by detachments from counties as far north as Salt Lake and Davis, 
 so far held the Indians in check that during the entire year there 
 were only three other citizens killed and three of the militia, viz.: 
 Lewis Lund, James Meek and Andrew Johansen, and Major John W. 
 Vance, Sergeant Heber C. Houtz and Private John Hay. 
 In consequence of these Indian raids and massacres the counties of 
 Piute and Sevier were entirely abandoned, as well as the settlements 
 of Berrysville, Winsor, Upper and Lower Kanab, Shunesburg, Spring- 
 dale and Northup, and many ranches in Kane county, also the set- 
 tlements of PangWitch and Fort Sandford, in Iron county. 
 
 FOREIGN MISSIONS. 
 
 Joseph Smith, the Prophet, enjoined upon the Twelve Apostles that 
 they should preach the gospel to all the nations of the earth, and 
 wherever they could not go, to send the same, that all nations might 
 be faithfully warned of the restoration of the everlasting gospel in all 
 its purity and fulness for the salvation of mankind, and the near advent 
 of the Messiah, preparatory to the introduction of His reign of right- 
 eousness upon the earth. 
 
 ENGLAND. In June, 1837, Elders Heber C. Kimball, Orson Hyde, 
 Willard Richards, Joseph Fielding and three others wont to England 
 and opened the door of the gospel to Great Britain, commencing their 
 labors in Preston, Lancashire, and extended them to different parts of 
 the kingdom, where they baptized about fifteen hundred persons. Elders 
 Kimball and Hyde returned to America in April, 1838, leaving Elders 
 Joseph Fielding and Willard Richards in charge of the Mission. 
 
 In 1840, President Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Parley P. Pratt, 
 Orson Pratt, John Taylor, Wilford Woodruff and George A. Smith, of the 
 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, proceeded to England and ordained 
 Willard Richards an apostle, he having been previously called to that 
 office by revelation. They preached one year and fourteen days, and estab- 
 lished branches of the Church in many of the principal cities from London 
 to Edinburgh. They established a printing office and an emigration 
 agency, published the Book of Mormon, Doctrine and Covenants and 
 Hymn book, and issued sixty thousand pamphlets and the first volume 
 
26 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 of the Millennial S <>r. Seven of the Apostles returned, leaving Elder 
 Parley P. Pratt to preside over the Mission. 
 
 .Palestine. In 1841, Elder Orson Hyde, went on a mission to Jeru- 
 salem. He remained in Bavaria until he acquired the German language 
 and published a pamphlet which he was not allowed to circulate openly. 
 He traveled through the Austrian and Turkish empires, visiting Jerusalem; 
 finding the laws of all these countries so prescriptive as to prevent him 
 from publishing or preaching the Gospel, he returned to Nauvoo in 1842. 
 
 Pacific Isles. In October, 1843, Elders Noah Rogers, Addison Pratt, 
 Ben. F. Grouard and Knowlton F. Hanks started on a mission to the 
 Pacific Isles. Elder Philip B. Lewis paid their passage as a donation to 
 the Mission. Knowlton F. Hanks died of consumption and was buried 
 in the sea, the other three reached the Society Islands and were successful 
 in establishing the Gospel and in baptizing upwards of twelve hundred of 
 the natives. Elder James S. Brown, Alva Hanks, - - Whittaker and 
 others subsequently followed to these islands, and continued their labors 
 with commendable zeal and uniform success until the establishment of 
 the French Protectorate ; after which the French authorities expelled the 
 Elders from the Islands, and prohibited them from ever returning, and 
 compelled the native converts to discontinue their worship. This ocurred 
 in the year 1851. 
 
 Notwithstanding the constant scenes of persecution and the distress 
 incident thereto which the Saints in Illinois endured, after the return of 
 the Twelve from England, Elders were constantly sent to preside over the 
 conferences abroad, strengthen and encourage the native Elders and 
 extend the work of the ministry. 
 
 Elder Wilford Woodruff' went to England in 1844, and presided over 
 the British mission. Upon hearing of the exodus of the Church from 
 Nauvoo, he returned in 1846 ; when Elders Orson Hyde, Parley P. Pratt 
 and John Taylor were sent to England. They returned early in 1847 to 
 Council Bluffs, where they found the Saints encamped. 
 
 At the October Conference, in 1849, several of the Twelve Apostles and 
 other Elders were sent on missions. 
 
 France Elder John Taylor visited Paris and established a small 
 branch of the Church, and had the Book of Mormon translated into the 
 French language and published an edition of the same, but the stringency 
 of the laws prohibited public meetings and measurably tied his hands. 
 He also published a volume of a periodical entitled, Etoile du Deseret. 
 The work was continued in France by Elders C. E. Bolton and L. E. 
 Bertrand until the latter was prohibited by the Prefect of Police from 
 preaching the Gospel or attending meetings. 
 
 Germany. Elder Taylor also visited Hamburg, and procured the trans- 
 lation and publication of the Book of Mormon in the German language, 
 and a few numbers of a periodical entitled Ziorts Panier. In Germany, 
 the mission was continued by Elder Daniel Cam, until expelled by the 
 authorities of the free city of Hamburg. Subsequently, Elders George C. 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 27 
 
 Riser, J. F. Secrist and George Mayer were imprisoned and expelled the 
 Confederation for attempting to preach. 
 
 Switzerland and Italy. Elder Lorenzo Snow proceeded to Switzerland 
 and Italy, and established branches of the Church and published the 
 Book of Mormon in the Italian language, also pamphlets in the Italian 
 and French languages. In these labors he was assisted by Elder Joseph 
 Toronto, from Utah, and Elders T. B. H. Stenhouse and Jabez Woodard, 
 from the British mission. Elder Stenhouse published a periodical, 
 entitled Le Reflecteur, in French. Subsequently, the Swiss mission was 
 continued by Elders Daniel Tyler and John L. Smith. Elder Tyler 
 commenced the publication of the Darsteller in the German language, 
 which was continued by Elder John L. Smith, on his first mission. On 
 his last mission Elder Smith published The Reform in German. He also 
 translated and published, in the French language, Elder Parley P. Pratt's 
 Marriage and Morals in Utah. An edition of the Book of Mormon in 
 German was also published from the stereotype plates. Some of the 
 Cantons would not allow publishing, but allowed preaching; others 
 prohibited preaching, but would allow publishing, and some would not 
 allow either. 
 
 Scandinavia. Elder Erastus Snow arrived in Copenhagen, Denmark, 
 in June, 1F50, and in September a branch of the Church was organized, 
 which numbered fifty members. Elder Snow was accompanied by Elders 
 P. O. Hansen and John E. Forsgren ; the latter proceeded to Sweden and 
 endeavored to introduce the work there, but was summarily banished. 
 In 1851, Elder Snow had the Book of Mormon translated and commenced 
 the publication of the Skandinavien Stjerne. He also baptized and 
 ordained three mechanics from Iceland, and sent them to their native 
 land to preach the Gospel. In February, 1852, the Book of Doctrine and 
 Covenants and a large edition of the Hymn Book were published, also a 
 pamphlet of fifty pages, entitled A Voice from, the Land of Z ion. 
 
 Chili. In 1851, Elders Parley P. Pratt and Rufus Allen went on a 
 mission to Chili, where they remained several months, not having the 
 opportunity of even teaching in private, except in violation of the most 
 rigid laws. They were obliged to return to California, where Elder Pratt 
 continued to preach and publish until he returned to Utah. 
 
 Australia. In 1840, Elder George A. Smith ordained William Barrett 
 an Elder, at Burslem, England, and set him apart to a mission to South 
 Australia. Elder Barrett proceeded thither and commenced teaching the 
 principles of the Gospel and was enabled to sow the good seed which 
 afterwards bore fruit. 
 
 Elders John Murdoch and C. W. Wandell arrived M Sydney, Australia, 
 in October, 1851, and commenced to preach and publish concerning the 
 Latter-day Work, and in January, 1852, organized a branch of the Church 
 in Sydney, and published a pamphlet on the persecutions endured by the 
 Latter-day Saints, and a periodical entitled, Zion's Watchman. 
 
 Elders Augustus Farnham, William Hyde, Burr Frost, Josiah W. 
 Fleming and others landed at Sydney early in 1853. These missionaries 
 
28 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 extended their labors to Van Dieman's Land and New Zealand, and 
 continued the publication of Zion's Watchman. 
 
 Prussia. In January, 1853, Elders Orson Spencer and Jacob Houtz 
 arrived in Berlin, Prussia, but found that it was impossible to preach or 
 publish the truth of the Latter-day Work in consequence of religious 
 intoleration. These Elders wrote to the King's Minister of Public Wor- 
 ship for permission to preach, but were immediately summoned before 
 the police court and catechised as to the object of their mission. They 
 were ordered to leave the kingdom next morning, under penalty of trans- 
 portation. 
 
 Gibraltar. Elders Edward Stevenson and N. T. Porter arrived in 
 Gibraltar in March, 1853, and were immediately summoned to appear 
 before the police and establish their right to remain on the Bock. Elder 
 Porter was required to leave, but Elder Stevenson having been born there 
 maintained his right to remain, but the Governor forbade his preaching 
 "Mormonism." He, however, remained over a year and baptized several 
 amidst threats, prohibitions and constant opposition. He also endeavored 
 to open up the work in Spain, but was not permitted by the authorities. 
 
 Hindostan. Elders Nathaniel V. Jones, Robert Skelton, Samuel A. 
 Woolley, William Fotheringham, Richard Ballantyne, Truman Leonard, 
 Amos Milton Musser, Robert Owen, and William F. Carter arrived in 
 Calcutta and held a Conference there April 29th, 1853. The Hindostanee. 
 missionaries extended their labors throughout India as the way opened ; 
 but rinding the Hindostan ees destitute of honesty and integrity, insomuch 
 that when converted and baptized they would for a few pice join any 
 other religion, and finding the Europeans so aristocratic that they were 
 hardly approachable, they left the country, after having traveled to all 
 the principal stations in India, where frequently they were ordered out of 
 cantonments and had to sleep in the open air, exposed to that sickly 
 climate, to poisonous reptiles and to wild beasts. Elder William Willes, 
 from England, had traveled up the Ganges and visited Simla, and Elder 
 Hugh Findlay, irom the British mission, labored in Bombay and the 
 adjacent country. 
 
 China. Elders Hosea Stout, Chapman Duncan and James Lewis were 
 sent to China. They reached Hong Kong April 27, 1853, but owing to the 
 revolution spreading through that country, they were unable to go else- 
 where. The inhabitants told them that they had not time to "talka" 
 religion. The way soon opened for them to return to San Francisco, 
 which they did in August. 
 
 Siam. The missionaries sent in the Fall of 1852, to Siam, rinding it 
 impossible to ship Anther from San Francisco, accompanied the Hindo- 
 stanee missionaries to Calcutta, where, in consequence of the war in 
 Burmah, they learned that the overland route to Siam was interrupted, 
 when Elders Chauncey W. West and Franklin Dewey concluded to go to 
 Ceylon, and Elders El am Luddington and Levi Savage to Siam, by way 
 of Burmah. 
 
 Ceylon. The Ceylon missionaries encountered much opposition, partly 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 29 
 
 caused by the circulation of a large number of tracts from Europe 
 containing misrepresentations and lies. At Galle the newspapers advised 
 the people not to receive "Mormon" missionaries into their houses lest 
 they should become partakers of their evil deeds, which counsel was 
 implicitly obeyed. The missionaries had an introduction to a gentleman 
 living at Columbo, seventy miles distant and proceeded thither. Elder 
 Dewey sacrificed his watch to get a little something to eat. On their 
 return they passed through thirty- seven towns, and witnessed the 
 immoral practices and social degradation of the inhabitants. They visited 
 high and low, priest and people, but they would neither open their doors 
 for preaching, nor feed the missionaries, without being well paid. 
 
 Elder Savage remained in Burmah nearly two years, without being able 
 to establish a branch. Elder Luddington proceeded to Bankok, Siam, 
 where he was stoned and rejected. 
 
 South Africa. In 1853, Elders Jesse Haven, William Walker, and 
 Leonard I. Smith arrived at the Cape of Good Hope. The first three 
 meetings held in Cape Town were broken up by rioters. Elders Smith 
 and Walker went into the country, where they obtained a foothold and 
 commenced to baptize. Elder Haven remained and preached amid much 
 opposition and raised up a branch of the Church. Elder Walker proceeded 
 to Fort Beaufort and baptized several. Elder Smith labored around Fort 
 Elizabeth and organized a small conference. 
 
 Sandwich Isles. In the Fall of 1850, a number of Elders were sent to 
 the Sandwich Islands. After laboring till April, 1851, the President of 
 the mission and others concluded to leave. But Elder George Q. Cannon 
 and several Elders remained, and, after acquiring the language, baptized 
 hundreds. Elder Cannon translated and published an edition of the 
 Book of Mormon in the Hawaiian language. 
 
 West Indies. Elders Aaron F. Fan*, Darwin Richardson, Jesse Turpin 
 and A. B. Lambson landed at Jamaica, in the West Indies, January 10th, 
 1853. They called upon the American consul, Mr. Harrison, who advised 
 them to hire a hall and announce public preaching, as the laws extended 
 toleration to all sects, which they accordingly did ; but a mob numbering 
 one hundred and fifty persoas, gathered around the building and threat- 
 ened to tear it down were these polygamists, as they termed the Elders, 
 permitted to preach therein. Unless the Elders could give security for 
 the price of the hall the landlord objected to their holding meeting. The 
 Elders informed him that they were not there to enforce their principles 
 upon the people to quell mobs, nor to protect property, but to preach the 
 Gospel of Jesus Chrish to those who were willing to hear. The Elders got 
 away from the Island safely, though while they remained they had to 
 run the gauntlet, and two of them were shot at by a negro. 
 
 British Guiana. Elders James Brown and Elijah Thomas, missionaries 
 to British Guiana, shipped from San Diego, California, to Panama, thence 
 to Chagres and Aspinwall. From the latter port, unable to ship for 
 British Guiana, they embarked for Jamaica. After conferring with the 
 West India missionaries, they concluded to embark with them for Barba- 
 does, being still unable to ship for the point of their destination. After 
 
30 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 paying their passages they were not allowed to proceed thither; the 
 prejudice was so great against the Elders that the harbor agent or naval 
 officers would not allow them to be shipped to any English island. As 
 the only alternative they proceeded to New York with the West India 
 missionaries, where they all landed in February, 1853, and labored in the 
 United States, except Elder Darwin Richardson, who went to England 
 and labored there. 
 
 Malta. In 1853, Elder James F. Bell was sent from England to Malta, 
 where several were baptized. Upon -the breaking out of the Crimean war, 
 the interest in the work was broken off, still a few of the soldiers in the 
 British regiments that landed there obeyed the Gospel. There originated 
 from this mission three branches of the Church, viz.: one in Florianna, 
 Malta; a fc< ond called the "floating branch," in the Mediterranean 
 which consisted of sailors belonging to Her British Majesty's ships the 
 : lopiion, Trafalgar. Vengeance and Brittania; a third, the expedi- 
 tionary force branch in the Crimea; the latter consisted of brethren 
 belonging to the 30th, 41st, 93d and 95th British regiments. A few of the 
 members of these branches lost their lives in the Crimean war. 
 
 Elder Orson Pratt was sent on a mission to Austria in April, 1864. Ac- 
 companied by Elder William W. Biter he proceeded to Vienna, where 
 they labored for several months to acquire the German language ; but in 
 consequence of religious intolerance they were unable to open the door for 
 the proclamation of the Gospel in that country. 
 
 Immigration. In .those nations where the Gospel has been received, 
 Elders have been sent from Utah from time to time to preach and publish 
 and to assist the native Elders in spreading the work. A constant stream 
 of emigration has flowed thence to the Headquarters of the Saints. From 
 the European missions the emigration has been from^two to four thousand 
 persons annually. 
 
 The following interesting article, under the head of "Church T History," 
 is from the pen of President Joseph|Srnith, and was written by him in 
 1842 for publication in the Chicago^Z>emocm. We copy it from the 
 Times and Seasons, Vol. Ill, page 706: 
 
 "At the request of Mr. John Wentworth, editor and proprietor of the Chicago 
 Democrat, I have written the following sketch of the rise, progress, persecu- 
 tion, and faith of the Latter-day Saints, of which I have the honor, under God, 
 of being the founder. Mr. Wentworth says, that he wishes to furnish Mr. 
 Bastow, a friend of his, who is writing the history of New Hampshire, with 
 this document. As Mr. Bastow has taken the proper steps to obtain correct 
 information, all that I shall ask at his hands is, that he publish the account 
 entire, ungarnished, and without misrepresentation. 
 
 " I was born in the town of Sharon, Windsor county, Vermont, on the 23d of 
 December, A. D. 1805. When ten years old, my parents removed to Palmyra, 
 New York, where we resided about four years, "and from thence we removed to 
 the town of Manchester. 
 
 " My father was a farmer and taught me the art of husbandry. When about 
 fourteen years of age I began to reflect upon the importance of being prepared 
 for a future state, and, upon enquiring the plan of salvation, I found that there 
 was a great clash in religious sentiment; if I went to one society they referred 
 me to one plan, and another to another ; each one pointing to his own particular 
 creed as the summum bonum of perfection. Considering that all could not be 
 right, and that Grod could not be the author of so much confusion, I deter- 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 31 
 
 mined to investigate the subject more fully, believing that if God had a church 
 it would not be split up into factions, and that if ho taught one society to 
 worship one way, and administer in one set of ordinances, he would not 
 teach another principles which were diametrically opposed. Believing the 
 word of God, I had confidence in the declaration of James, 'If any man lack 
 wisdom, let him a-k of God, who giveth to all men liberally and'upbraideth 
 not, and it shall be given him,' I retired to a secret place in a grove and began 
 to call upon the Lord. While fervently engaged in supplication, my mind was 
 taken away from the objects with which I was surrounded, and I WHS enwrap- 
 ped in a heavenly vision, and saw two glorious personages who exactly 
 resembled each other in features and likeness, surrounded with a brilliant 
 light which eclipsed the sun at noon-day. They told me that all religious 
 denominations were believing in incorrect doctrines, and that none of them 
 was acknowledged of God as His church and kingdom. And I was expressly 
 commander) to 'go not after them ; ' at the same time receiving a promise that 
 the fulness of the gospel should at some future time be made known unto me. 
 
 "On the evening of the 21st of September, A. D. 1823, while I was praying 
 unto God, and endeavoring to exercise faith in the precious promises ot scrip- 
 ture, on a sudden a light like that of day, only of a far purer and more glorious 
 appearance and brightness, burst into the room, indeed the first sight was as 
 though the house was filled with consuming fire; the appearance produced a 
 shock that affected the whole body ; in a moment a p> rsonage stood before me 
 surrounded with a glory yet greater than that with which I was already sur- 
 rounded. This messenger proclaimed himself to be an angel of God, sent to 
 bring the joyful tidings, that the covenant which God made with ancient 
 Israel was ar hand to be fulfilled, that the preparatory work for the second 
 coming of the Messiah was speedily to commence; that the time was at hand 
 for the gospel, in all its fulness, to be preached in power unto all nations, that 
 a people might be prepared for the millennial reign. 
 
 "I was informed that I was chosen to be an instrument in the hands of God 
 to bring about some ^f his purposes in this glorious dispensation. 
 
 "I was also infoimed concerning the aboriginal inhabitants of this country, 
 and shown who they were, and from whence they came; a brief sketch of 
 their origin, progress, civilization, laws, governments, of their righteousness 
 and iniquity, and the blessings of God being finally withdrawn from them as a 
 people was made known unto me. I was also told where there were deposited 
 some plates on which were engraven an abridgement of the records of the 
 ancient prophets that had existed on this continent. The angel appeared to me 
 three times the same night and unfolded the same things. After having 
 received many visits from the anuels of God unfolding the majesty and glory 
 of the events that should transpire in the last days, on the morning of the 
 22d of September, A. D. 1827, the angel of the Lord delivered the records into 
 my hands. 
 
 " These records were engraven on plates which had the appearance of gold, 
 each plate was six inches wide and eight inches long and not quite so thick as 
 common tin. They were filled with engravings, in Egyptian characters and 
 bound together in a volume, as the leaves of a book with three rin#s running 
 through the whole. The volume was something near six inches in thickness, 
 a part of which was sealed. The characters on the unsealed part were small 
 and beautifully engraved. The whole book exhibited many marks of antiquity 
 in its construction and much skill in the art of engraving. With the records 
 was found a curious instrument, which the ancients called 'UiJ;M and Thuin- 
 mlm,' which consisted of two transparent stones set in the run of a bow 
 fastened to a breast-plate. 
 
 "Through the medium of the Urim and Thummim I translated the record, 
 by the gift and power of God. 
 
 "In this important and interesting book the history of ancient America is 
 unfolded, from its first settlement by a colony that came from the tower of 
 Babel at the confusion of languages, to the beginning of the fifth century of the 
 Christian era. We are informed by these records that America in ancient 
 times had been inhabited by two distinct races of people. The first were called 
 Jaredites, and came directly from the tower of Babel. The second race came 
 directly from the city of Jerusalem, about six hundred years before Christ. 
 They were principally Israelites, of the descendants of Joseph. The Jaredites 
 were destroyed about the time that the Israelites came from Jerusalem, who 
 
32 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 succeeded them in the inheritance of the country. The principal nation of the 
 second race fell in battle towards the close of the fourth century. The remnant 
 are the Indians that now inhabit this country. This book also tells us that our 
 Savior made his appearance upon this continent after his resurrection, that he 
 planted the gospel here in all its fulness, and richness, and pow"er, and 
 blessing; that they had apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers and evangelists; 
 the same order, the same priesthood, the same ordinances, gifts, powers and 
 blessings as were enjoyed on the eastern continent; that the people were cut 
 off in consequence of their transgressions ; that the last of their prophets who 
 existed among them was commanded to write an abridgement of their pro- 
 phesies, history, etc., and to hide it up in the earth, and that it should come 
 forth and be united with the Bible for the accomplishment of the purposes of 
 God in the last days. For a more particular account I would refer to the Book of 
 Mormon, which can be purchased at Nauvoo, or from any of our traveling elders. 
 
 "As soon as the news of this discovery was made known, false reports, mis- 
 representations and slander flew, as on the wings of the wind, in every direc- 
 tion ; the house was Irequently beset by mobs, and evil designing persons. 
 Several times I was shot at, and very narrowly escaped, and every device was 
 made use of to get the plates away from me, but the power and blessing of God 
 attended me, and several began to believe my testimony. 
 
 " On the 6th of April, 1830, the ' Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ' 
 was first organized in the town of Fayette, Seneca county, State of New York. 
 Some few were c 'lied and ordained by the spirit of revelation and prophesy, 
 and began to preach as the spirit gave them utterance, and though weak, yet 
 were they strengthened by the power of God, and many were brought to 
 repentance, were immersed in the water, and were filled with the Holy Ghost 
 by the laying on of hands. They saw visions and prophesied, devils were cast 
 out and the sick healed by the laying on of hands. From that time the work 
 rolled forth with astonishing rapidity, and churches were soon formed in the 
 States of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri; in 
 the last named State a consid erable settlement was formed in Jackson county ; 
 numbers joined the church and we were increasing rapidly; we made large 
 purchases of land, our farms teemed with plenty, and peace and happiness were 
 enjoyed in our domestic circle and throughout our neighborhood ; but as we 
 could not associate with our neighbors who were many of them the basest 
 of men, and had fled from the face of civilized society to the frontier country, 
 to escape the hand of justice in their midnight revels, their Sabbath breaking, 
 horse racing aud gambling, they commenced at first to ridicule, then to persecute, 
 and, finally, an organized mob assembled and burned our houses, tarred and 
 feathered, and whipped many of our brethren, and finally drove them from 
 their habitations, who, houseless and homeless, contrary to law, justice and 
 humanity, had to wander on the bleak prairies till the children left the tracks 
 of their blood on the prairie. This took place in the month of November, and 
 they had no other covering but the canopy of heaven, in this inclement season 
 of the year ; this proceeding was winked at by the government, and although 
 we had warantee deeds for our land, and had violated no law, we could obtain 
 no redress. 
 
 " There were many sick, who were thus inhumanly driven from their houses, 
 and had to endure all this abuse and to seek homes where they could be found. 
 The result was, that a great many of them, being deprived of the comforts of 
 life, and the necessary attendance, died; many children were loft orphans; 
 wives, widows; and husbands widowers. Oar farms were taken possession of 
 by the mob, many thousands of cattle, sheep, horses and hogs were taken, and 
 our household goods, store goods, and printing press and type were broken, 
 taken or otherwise destroyed. 
 
 "Many of our brethren removed to Clay, where they continued until 
 1836, three years ; there was no violence offered, but there were threatenings of 
 violence. But in the Summer of 1836, these threatenings began to assume a 
 more serious form ; from threats, public meetings were called, resolutions were 
 passed, vengeance and destruction were threatened, and affairs again assumed 
 a fearful attitude. Jackson county was a sufficient precedent, and as the 
 authorities in that county did not interfere, they boasted that they would not 
 in this, which, on application to the authorities, we found to be too true, and 
 after much violence, privation and loss of property we were again driven from 
 our homes. 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 " We next settled in Cal dwell and Davies counties, where we made large and 
 extensive settlements, thinking to free "iirselves from the power of oppression 
 by settling in new counties, with very few inhabitants in them, but here we 
 were not allowed to live in peace, but in 1838 we were again attacked by mobs; 
 an exterminating order was issued by Governor Boggs, nnd under the sanction 
 of law an organized banditti ranged 'hrongh the country, robbed us of our 
 cattle, sheep, horses, hogs, etc., many of our people were murdered in cld 
 blood, the chastity of our women was violated, and we were forced to sign 
 away our property at the point of the sworcl, and after enduring every indignity 
 that' could be heaped upon us by an inhuman, ungodly band of marauders, 
 from twelve to fifteen thousand souls, men, women and children, were driven 
 from their own firesides, and fr in lands that they had warantee deeds of, 
 houseless, f-iendiess and homeless, (in the depth of winter,) to wander as 
 exiles on the earth or to seek an asylum in a more genial clime, and among a 
 less barbarou- people. 
 
 "Many sickened and died, in consequence of the cold and hardships they had 
 to endure ; many wives were left widows, and children orphans, and destitute. 
 It would take more time than is allotted me here to describe the injustice, the 
 wrongs, the murders, the bloodshed, the theft, misery and woe that have been 
 caused by the barbarous, inhuman and lawless proceedings in the State of 
 Missouri. 
 
 " In the situation before alluded to we arrived in the State of Illinois in 1839, 
 where we found a hospitable people and a friendly home; a people who were 
 willing to be governed by the principles of law and humanity. We have 
 commenced to build a city called 'Nauvoo,' in Hancock county, we number 
 from six to eight thousand here, besides vast numbers in the county around and 
 in almost ever county of the State. We have a city charter grunted us and a 
 charter tor a Leg ; ou, the troops of which now number 1,500, We have also a 
 charter for a university, for an agricultural and manufacturing society, have 
 our own laws and administrators, and possess all the privileges that other free 
 and enlightened citizens enjoy. 
 
 ."Persecution has not stopped the progress of truth, but has only added fuel 
 to the flame: it has spread with increasing rapidity. Proud of the cause which 
 they have espoused, and c nscious of their innocence and of the truth of their 
 system, amid-t calumny and reproach have the elders of this church gone 
 forth and planted the gospel in almost every State in the Union. It has 
 penetra'ed our cities, it has spr ad over our villages, and has Caused thousands 
 of our intelligent, noble and patriotic citizens to obey its divine mandates, and 
 be governed bv its sac-ed truths. It has also spread into England, Ireland, 
 Scotland and Wales; in the year of 1840, when a few of our missionaries were 
 sent, over five thousand joined the standard of truth ; there are numbers now 
 joining in every land. 
 
 "Our missionaries are going forth to different nations, and in Germany, 
 Palestine, New Holland, the East Indies, and other places, the standard of 
 truth has been erected ; no unhallowed hand can stop the work from progress- 
 ing. Persecutions may rage, mobs may combine, armies may assemble, 
 calumny may defame, but the truth of God will g? forth boldly, nobly and 
 independently, till it has penetrated every continent, visited every clime, swept 
 every co^ntrv, and sounded in every ear, till the purposes of 'God shall be 
 accomplished and the Great Jehovah shall say the work is done. 
 
 " We believe in God, the Eternal Father, and in His Son, Jesus Christ, and 
 in the Holy Ghost. 
 
 " We believe that men will be punished for their own sins and not for Adam's 
 transgression. 
 
 "We believe that through the atonement of Christ all mankind may be 
 saved by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the Gospel. 
 
 "We believe tha, these ordinances are: First, Faith in the Lord Jesus 
 Christ; second, Repentance; third, Bantism by immersion for the remission of 
 sins; fourth, Laying on of Hands for the Gift of the Holy Ghost. 
 
 " We believe that a man must be called of God, by ' prophesy, and by laying 
 on of hands ' by those who are in authority to preach the gospel and administer 
 in the ordinances thereof. 
 
 "We believe in the same organization that existed in the primitive church, 
 viz.: apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evangelists, etc. 
 
34 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 "We believe in the gift of tongues, prophesy, revelation, visions, healing, 
 interpretation of tongues, etc. 
 
 "We believe the Bible to be the word of God, as far as it is translated 
 correctly; we also believe the Book of Mormon to be the word of God. 
 
 "We believe all that God has revealed, a 1 that He d >es now reveal, and we 
 believe that He will yet reveal many great and important things pertaini. g to 
 the Kingdom of God. 
 
 " We believe in the literal gathering of Israel and in the restoration of the 
 Ten Tribes. That Zion will be built upon th:s continent. That Christ will 
 re'gn personally upon the earth, and that the earth will be renewed and receive 
 its paradisaic glory. 
 
 "We claim the privilege of worshipping Almightv God according to the 
 dictates of our conscience, and allow all men the same privilege, let them 
 worship how, where, or what they may. 
 
 " We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers and magistrates, in 
 obeying, honoring and sustaining the law. 
 
 "We believe in being honest, true, chaste, benevolent, virtuous, a 1 d in 
 in doing good to nil mem.; indeed we niav say that we follow the admonition of 
 Paul, 'We believe all things, we hope all things,' we have endured many 
 things and hope to be able to endure all things. If there is anything virtuous, 
 lovely or of good report or praiseworthy, we seek after these thing- . 
 
 Respectfully, etc., 
 
 JOSEPH SMITH." 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 35 
 
 REVELATION ON CELESTIAL MARRIAGE, 
 
 GIVEN TO JOSEPH SMITH, NAUVOO, JULY 12TH, 18-43. 
 
 . 
 
 Verily, thus saith the Lord unto you, my servant Joseph, that inasmuch 
 as you have inquired of my hand, to know and understand wherein I, the 
 Lord, justified my servants Abraham, Isaac and Jacob; as also Moses, 
 David and Solomon, my servants, as touching the principle arid doctrine 
 of their having many wives, and concubines: Behold! and lo, I am the 
 Lord thy God, and will answer thee as touching this matter: Therefore, 
 prepare thy heart to receive and obey the instructions which I am about 
 to give unto you ; for all those who have this law revealed unto them, 
 must obey the same; for behold! I reveal unto you a new and an ever- 
 lasting covenant; and if ye abide not that covenant, then are ye damned ; 
 for no one can reject this covenant, and be permitted to enter into my 
 glory; for all who will have a blessing at my hands, shall abide the law 
 which was appointed for that blessing, and the conditions thereof, as was 
 instituted from before the foundation of the world: and as pertaining to the 
 new and everlasting covenant, it was instituted for the fulness of my 
 glory ; and he that receiveth a fulness thereof, must, and shall abide the 
 law, or he shall be damned, saith the Lord God. 
 
 And verily I say unto you, that the conditions of this law are these: 
 All covenants, contracts, bonds, obligations, oaths, vows, performances, 
 connections, associations, or expectations, that are not made, and entered 
 into, and sealed, by the Holy Spirit of promise, of him who is anointed, 
 both as well for time and for all eternity, and that too most holy, by reve- 
 lation arid commandment, through the medium of mine anointed, whom 
 I have appointed on the earth to hold this power, (and I have appointed 
 unto my servant Joseph to hold this power in the last days, and there is 
 never but one on the earth at a time, on whom this power and the keys of 
 this Priesthood are conferred,) are of no efficacy, virtue or force, in and 
 after the resurrection from the dead ; for all contracts that are not made 
 unto this end, have an end when men are dead. 
 
 Behold ! mine house is a house of order, saith the Lord God, and not a 
 house of confusion. Will I accept of an offering, saith the Lord, that is 
 not made in my name ! Or, will I receive at your hands that which I 
 have not appointed ! And will I appoint unto you, saith the Lord, 
 except it be by law, even as I and my Father ordained unt > you, before 
 the world was! I am the Lord thy God, and I give unto you this com- 
 mandment, that no man shall come unto the Father but by me, or by my 
 word, which is my law, saith the Lord ; and everything that is in the 
 world, whether it be ordained of men, by thrones, or principalities, or 
 powers, or things of name, whatsoever they may be, that are not by me, 
 or by my word, saith the Lord, shall be thrown down, and shall not 
 remain after men are dead, neither in rior after the resurrection, saith the 
 
36 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 Lord your God ; for whatsoever things remaineth, are by me ,' and what- 
 soever things are not by me, shall be shaken and destroyed. 
 
 Therefore, if a man marry him a wife in the world, and he marry her 
 not by me, nor by my word ; and he covenant with her so long as he is 
 in the world, and she with him, their covenant and marriage is not of 
 force when they are dead, and when they are out of the world ;' therefore, 
 they are not bound by any law when they are out of the world ; therefore, 
 when they are out of the world, they neither marry, nor are given in 
 marriage ; but are appointed angels hi heaven, which angels are minis- 
 tering servants, to minister for those who are worthy of a far more, and an 
 exceeding, and an eternal weight of glory ; for these angels did not abide 
 my law, therefore they cannot be enlarged, but remain separately and 
 singly, without exaltation, in their saved condition, to all eternity, and 
 from henceiorth are not Gods f but are angels of God, forever and ever. 
 
 And again, verily I say unto you, if a man marry a wife, and make a 
 covenant with her for time and for all eternity, if that covenant is not by 
 me, or by my word, which is my law, and is 'not sealed by the Holy Spirit 
 of promise, through him whom I have anointed and appointed unto this 
 power, then it is not valid, neither of force when they are out of the 
 world, because they are not joined by me, saith the Lord," neither by my 
 word ; when they are out of the world, it cannot be received there, because 
 the angels ami the Gods are appointed there, by whom they cannot pass; 
 they cannot, therefore, inherit my glory, for my house is a house of order, 
 saith the Lord God. 
 
 And again, verily I say unto you, if a man marry a wife by my word, 
 which is my law, and by the new and everlasting covenant, and it is 
 sealed unto them by the Holy Spirit of promise, by him who is anointed, 
 onto whom I have appointed this power, and the keys of this Priesthood; 
 and it shall be said unto them, ye shall come forth 'in the first resurrec- 
 tion ; and if it be after the first resurrection, in the next resurrection ; and 
 fthall inherit thrones, kingdoms, principalities, and powers, dominions, 
 all heights, and depths then shall it be written in the Lamb's Book of 
 Life, that he shall commit no murder whereby to shed innocent blood, 
 and if ye abide in my covenant, and commit no murder whereby to shed 
 innocent blood, it shall be done unto them in all things whatsoever my 
 servant hath put upon them, in time, and through all eternity, and shall 
 be of full force when they are out of the world ; and they shall pass by the 
 angels, and the Gods, which are set there, to their exaltation and glory in 
 all things, as hath been sealed upon their heads, which glory shall be a 
 fulness and a continuation of the seeds forever and ever. 
 
 Then shall they be Gods, because they have no end ; therefore shall 
 they be from everlasting to everlasting, because they continue; then shall 
 they be above all, because all things are subject unto them. Then shall 
 they be Gods, because they have all power', and the angels are subject 
 unto them. 
 
 Verily, verily I say unto you, except ye abide my law, ye cannot attain 
 to this glory ; for strait is the gate, and narrow the' way that leadeth unto 
 the exaltation and continuation of the lives, and few there be that find it, 
 because ye receive me not in the world, neither do ye know me. But if 
 ye receive me in the world, then shall ye know me, and shall receive your 
 exaltation, that where I am, ye shall be also. This is eternal lives, to 
 know the only wise and true God r and Jesus Christ, whom He hath sent. 
 I am He, Receive ye, therefore, my law. Broad is the gate, and wide 
 the way that leadeth to the death ; and many there are that go in thereat; 
 because they receive me not, neither do they abide in my law. 
 
 Verily, verily I say unto you, if a man marry a wife according to my 
 word, and they are sealed by the Holy Spirit 'of promise, according to 
 mine appointment, and he or 'she shall commit any sin or transgression of 
 the new and everlasting covenant whatever, and all manner of bias- 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 37 
 
 phemies, and if they commit no murder, wherein they shed innocent blood 
 yet they shall come forth in the first resurrection, and enter into their 
 exaltation ; but they shall be destroyed in the flesh, and shall be delivered 
 unto the buffetings of Satan unto the dav of redemption, saith the Lord 
 God. 
 
 The blasphemy against the Holy Ghost, which shall not be forgiven in 
 the world, nor out of the world, is in that ye commit murder, wherein ye 
 shed innocent blood, and assent unto my death, after ye have received my 
 new and everlasting covenant, saith the Lord God ; auri he that abideth 
 not this law, can in no wise enter into my glory, but shall be damned, saith 
 the Lord, 
 
 I am the Lord thy God, and will give unto thee the law of my Holy 
 Priesthood, as was ordained by me, and my Father, before the world was. 
 Abraham received all things, whatsoever he received, by revelation and 
 commandment, by my word, saith the Lord, and hath entered into his 
 exaltation, and sitteth upon his throne. 
 
 Abraham received promises concerning his seed, and of the fruit of his 
 loins, from whose loins ye are, namely, my servant Joseph, which were 
 to continue so long as they were in the world; and as touching Abraham 
 and his seed, out of the world they should continue ; both in the world 
 and out of the world should they continue as innumerable as the stars; or, 
 if ye were to count the sand upon the sea shore, ye could not number 
 them. This promise is yours, also, because ye are* of Abraham, and the 
 promise was made unto Abraham; and by this law are the continuation 
 of the works of my Father, wherein He glorifieth Himself. Go ye, there- 
 fore, and do the works of Abraham ; enter ye into my law, and ye shall 
 be saved. But if ye enter not into my law, ye cannot receive the promise 
 of my Father, which He made unto Abraham. 
 
 God commanded Abraham, and Sarah gave Hagar to Abraham to wife. 
 And why did she do it? Because this was the law, and from Hagar 
 sprang many people. This, therefore, was fulfilling, among other things, 
 the promises. Was Abraham, therefore, under condemnation? Verily, I 
 say unto you, Nay; for I, the Lord, commanded it. Abraham was com- 
 manded to offer his son Isaac ; nevertheless, it was written, thou shalt 
 not kill. Abraham, however, did not refuse, and it was accounted unto 
 him for righteousness. 
 
 Abraham received concubines, and they bare him children, and it was 
 accounted unto him for righteousness, because they were given unto him, 
 and he abode in my law, as Isaac also, and Jacob did none other things than 
 that which they were commanded ; and because they did none other 
 things than that which they were commanded, they have entered into 
 their exaltation, according to the promises, and sit upon thrones, and are 
 not angels, but are Gods. David also received many wives and concu- 
 bines, as also Solomon and Moses my servants ; as also many others of my 
 servants, from the beginning of creation until this time; and in nothing 
 did they sin, save in those tilings which they received not of me. 
 
 David's wives arid concubines were given unto him, of me, by the hand 
 of Nathan, my servant, and others of the Prophets who had the keys of 
 this power ; and in none of these things did he sin against me, save in the 
 case of Uriah and his wife; and, therefore, he hath fallen from his 
 exaltation, and received his portion ; and he shall not inherit them out of 
 the world ; for I gave them unto another, saith the Lord. 
 
 I am the Lord thy God, and I gave unto thee, my servant Joseph, an 
 appointment, and restore all things; ask what ye will, and it shall be 
 given unto you according to my word : and as ye have asked concerning 
 adultery, verily, verily I say unto you, if a man receiveth a wife in the 
 new and everlasting covenant, and if she be with another man, and I 
 have not appointed unto her by the holy anointing, she hath committed 
 adultery, and shall be destroyed. If she be not in the new and 
 
38 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 everlasting covenant, and she be with another man, she has committed 
 adultery ; and if her husband be with another woman, and he was under 
 a vow, he hath broken his vow, and hath committed adultery, and if she 
 hath not committed adultery, but is innocent, and hath riot broken her 
 vow, and she knoweth it, and I reveal it unto you, my servant Joseph, 
 then shall you have power, by the power of my Holy Priesthood, to take 
 her, and give her unto him that hath not committed adultery, but h'ath 
 been faithful ; for he shall be made ruler over many ; for I have conferred 
 upon you the keys and power of the Priesthood, wherein I restore all 
 things, and make known unto you all things in due time. 
 
 And verily, verily I say unto you, that whatsoever you seal on earth, 
 shall be sealed in heaven ; and whatsoever you bind on earth, in my 
 name, and by ray word, saith the Lord, it shall be eternally bound in the 
 heavens; and whosesoever sins you remit on earth, shall be remitted 
 eternally in the heavens ; and whosesoever sins you retain on earth, shall 
 be retained in heaven. 
 
 And again, verily I say, whomsoever you bless, I will bless, and whom- 
 soever you curse, I will curse, saith the Lord ; for I, the Lord, am thy 
 God. 
 
 And again, verily I say unto you, my servant Joseph, that whatsoever 
 you give on earth, and to whomsoever you give any one on earth, by my 
 word, and according to my law, it shall be visited with blessings, and not 
 cursings, and with mj v power, saith the Lord, and shall be without con- 
 demnation on earth, and in heaven; for I am the Lord thy God, and 
 will be with thee even unto the end of the world, and through all eternity; 
 for verily, I seal upon you your exaltation, and prepare a throne for you 
 in the kingdom of my Father, with Abraham your father. Behold, I 
 have seen your sacrifices, and will forgive all your sins; I have seen your 
 sacrifices, in obedience to that which 1 have told you ; go, therefore, and 
 I make a way for your escape, as I accepted the offering of Abraham, 
 of his son Isaac. 
 
 Verily I say unto you, a commandment I give unto mine handmaid, 
 Emma Smith, your wife whom I have given unto you, that she stay 
 herself, and partake not of that which I commanded you to offer unto 
 her ; for I did it, saith the Lord, to prove you all, as I did Abraham ; and 
 that I might require an offering at your hand, by covenant and sacrifice : 
 and let mine handmaid, Emma Smith, receive all those that have been 
 given unto my servant Joseph, and who are virtuous and pure before me; 
 and those who are not pure, and have said they were pure, shall be des- 
 troyed, saith the Lord God ; for I am the Lord thy God, and ye shall obey 
 my voice ; and I give unto my servant Joseph, that he shall be made 
 ruler over many things, for he hath been faithful over a few things, and 
 from henceforth I will strengthen him. 
 
 And I command mine handmaid, Emma Smith, to abide and cleave 
 unto my servant Joseph, and to none else. But if she will not abide this 
 commandment, she shall be destroyed, saith the Lord ; for I am the Lord 
 thy God, and will destroy her, if she abide not in my law; but if she'will 
 not abide this commandment, then shall my servant Joseph do all things 
 for her, even as he hath said ; and I will bless him ami multiply him, 
 and give unto him an hundred-fold in this world, of fathers and mothers, 
 brothers and sisters, houses and lands, wives and children, and crowns of 
 eternal lives in the eternal worlds. And again, verily I say, let mine 
 handmaid forgive my servant Joseph his trespasses ; and then shall she 
 be forgiven her trespasses, wherein she hath trespassed against me ; and 
 I, the Lord thy God, will bless her, and multiply her, and make her 
 heart to rejoice. 
 
 And again, I say, let not my servant Joseph put his property out of his 
 hands, lest an enemy come and destroy him ; for Satan seeketh to destroy ; 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 39 
 
 for I am the Lord thy God, and he is my servant; and behold ! and lo, I 
 am with him, as I was with Abraham, thy father, even unto his exaltation 
 and glory. 
 
 Now, as touching the law of the Priesthood, there are many things per- 
 taining thereunto. Verily, if a man be called of my Father, as was Aaron, 
 by mine own voice, and by the voice of him that sent me: and I have 
 endowed him with the keys of the power of this Priesthood, if he do any- 
 thing in my name, arid according to my law, and by my word, he will 
 not commit sin, and I will justify him. Let no one, therefore, set on my 
 servant Joseph ; for I will justify him ; for he shall do the sacrifice which 
 I require at his hands, for his transgressions, saith the Lord your God. 
 
 Arid again, as pertaining to the law of the Priesthood:' If any man 
 espouse a virgin, and desire to espouse another, and the first give her con- 
 sent; and if he espouse the second, and they are virgins, and have vowed 
 to no other man, then is he justified ; he cannot commit adultery, for they 
 are given unto him; for he cannot commit adultery with 'that that 
 belongeth unto him and to no one else; and if he have ten virgins given 
 unto him by this law, he cannot commit adultery, for they belong to him, 
 and they are given unto him, therefore is he justified. But if one or either 
 of the ten virgins, after she is espoused, shall be with another man ; she 
 has committed adultery, and shall be destroyed ; for they are given unto 
 him to multiply and replenisn the earth, according to my commandment, 
 and to fulfil the promise which was given by my Father before the found- 
 ation of the world ; and for their exaltation in the eternal worlds, that 
 they may bear the souls of men ; for herein is the work of my Father 
 continued, that He may be glorified. 
 
 And again, verily, verily I say unto you, if any man have a wife who 
 holds the keys of this power, and he teaches unto her the law of my 
 Priesthood, as pertaining to these things, then shall she believe, and 
 administer unto him, or she shall be destroyed, saith the Lord your God ; 
 for I will destroy her; for I will magnify my name upon all those who 
 receive and abide in my law. Therefore, it shall be lawful in me, if she 
 receive not this law, for him to receive all things, whatsoever I, the Lord 
 his God, will give unto him, because she did not administer unto him 
 according to my word ; and she then becomes the transgressor ; and he is 
 exempt from the law of Sarah, who administered unto Abraham according 
 to the law, when I commanded Abraham to take Hagar to wife. And 
 now, as pertaining to this law, verily, verily I say unto you, I will reveal 
 more unto you, hereafter; therefore, let this suffice for the present. 
 Behold, I am Alpha and Omega. Amen. 
 
 We make the following extracts from a work published on "India, 
 Ancient and Modern," by David O. Allen, D. D., Missionary of the 
 American Board, for twenty-five years in India, etc. They are published 
 in his work in an appendix devoted to the subject of Polygamy. This 
 subject was taken into consideration by the Calcutta Missionary Confer- 
 ence, composed of Missionaries from various sects of England and America, 
 and including Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Baptists and Congregation- 
 alists, in consequence of the application of converts in India, who had 
 been legally married to several wives and who had given credible evidence 
 of their personal piety, to be admitted into the church. After frequent 
 
40 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 consultations and much consideration the Conference unanimously came 
 to the following conclusion : 
 
 "If a convert, before becoming: a Christian, has married more wives than 
 one, in accordance with the '.-racMoe of the Jewish and primitive Ohri-tian 
 churches, he shall be permitted to keep them all, but such a person is not 
 eligible to any office in the church." 
 
 The arguments which we quote below are advanced in Dr. Allen's work 
 as a justification of this action of the Conference of Protestant Missionaries 
 on the subject. 
 
 "To those who have doubts in respect to the intrinsic moral lawfulness of 
 plurality of wi es as t existed among the ancient Jews, and who wish further 
 to examine this subject, the consideration of the following extracts from a work 
 called 'Thelyphtho'ra,' publi hed anonymously* many years ago in England, 
 is recommended. The author of t as woru savs : 
 
 " 'The best and fairest and indeed the only way. to get at the truth, on this, 
 as on every occasion where religion is concerned is to lay aside prejudice, from 
 whatever quarter it may be derived and Jet the Bible speak for itself. 'Then 
 we shall see that more than one wife, notwithstanding the-; seventh command- 
 ment, was allowed by God himself, who, however others might take it, must 
 infallibly know His <nvn mind, be perfectly acquainted with His own will, and 
 thoroughly understand His own law. If He did no- intend to allow a plurality 
 of wives, but to prevent and condemn it, eith* r by the seventh commandment, 
 or by some other law, how is it possible that He should make laws for its regu- 
 lation, any more than He should ma^e laws for the regulation of theft or 
 murder? How is it conceivable that He should give the least countenance to 
 it, or so express His approbation as even to work miracles in support of it? 
 For the making a woman fruitful who wa- natura ly barren must have been 
 the effect of supernatural power. He blessed, and in a distil guished manner 
 owned, the issue, and declared it legitimate to all intents and purposes. If 
 this be not allowance, what is? 
 
 " ' As to the first, namely, His making laws for the regulation of polygamy, 
 let us consider what is written in Exodus, 21:10. If he (i. e., the husband) take 
 him another wife, (n t, in so doi g, that he sins against the seventh command- 
 ment, recorded in the preceding chapter, but), her food, her raiment, (r. e., of 
 the first wife), and her duty .f marriage, he shall not diminish. Here God 
 positively forbids a neglect, much more the divorcing or putting away of the 
 first wife, but charges no sin in taking the second. 
 
 " ' Secondly. When Jacob married Rachel she was barren, and so continued 
 for many years; but God did not leave this as a punishment upon her for 
 marrying a man -who had another wife. It is said, (jenesis, 30: 22, that God 
 remembered Rachel ; and God hearkened unto her, and opened her womb, and 
 she conceived and bare a son, and said, God hath taken away my reproach. 
 Surely this passage of Scriptui e ought to afford a complete answer to those who 
 bring the words of the marriage bond as cited by Ohiist, Matthew, 19: 5'* They 
 twain shall be one flesh" to prove polygamy sinful, and should lead us to 
 construe them, as by this instance and many others the Lawgiver himself 
 appears to have done ; that is to say, wheie woman, not betrothed to another 
 man, unites herself in personal knowledge with the man of her choice, let that 
 man's situation be what it may, they twain shall be one flesh. How, other- 
 wise, do we find such a woman as Rachel united to Jacob, who had a wife then 
 living, praying to God for a blessing on her intercourse with Jacob, and God 
 hearkening to her, opening her womb, removing her barrenness, and thus by 
 mirao.e taking away her reproach? We *lso find the offspring legitimate, and 
 inhedtors of the land of Canaan ; a plain proof that Joseph and Benjamin were 
 
 *This extraordinary work, though published anonymously, was generally understood to be 
 written by the Rev. Martin Madan, Chaplain of the Lock Hospital, in London. He was a man 
 of some musical talent; he composed The tunes "Denmark" and "Denbigh;" the first is com- 
 monly sung to the hymn, "Before Jehovah's awful throne; ' the latter to that commencing 
 "From all that dwell below the skies.' He was also the author of a translation of Juvenal & 
 Persius, with note, 2 vols.; "A commentary on the articles of Church of England;" " Thoughts 
 on Executive Justice :" and " Letters to Dr. Priestly." He died in 1790. 
 
ANSWEBS TO QUESTIONS. 41 
 
 no bastards, or born out of la r ful marriage. f See a like palpable instance of 
 God's miraculous blessing on polygamy in the case of Hannah, 1 Samuel, i and 
 ii. These instances serve also to prove that, in God's account, the second 
 marriage is just as valid as the first, and as obligatory ; and that our making it 
 less so, is contradictory to the Divine wisdom. 
 
 "'Thirdly. God bussed and owned the issue. How eminently this was 
 the case with regard to Joseph, see Genesis 49: 22-26; to Samuel, see 1 Samuel 
 3: 15. It was expressly commanded that a bastard, or son of a woman that 
 was with child by whoredom, should not enter into the congregation of the 
 Lord, even to his tenth generation (Deuteronomy 23: 2). But we rind Samuel, 
 the offspring of polygamy, ministering to the Lord in the Tabernacle at Shiloh, 
 evon in his very childhood, clothed with a linen ephod, before Eli the priest. See 
 this whole history, 1 Samuel i and ii. Who, then can doubt of Samuel's 
 leg timacy, and consequently of God's allowance of, and blessing on, polygamy? 
 If such second marriage was, in God's account, null and void, as a sin against 
 the original law of marriage, or the seventh commandment, or any other law 
 of God, no mark of legitimacy could have been found on the issue; for a null 
 and void marriage is tantamount to no marriage at all ; and if no marriage, no 
 legitimacy of the issue can possibly be. Instead of such a blessing as Hannah 
 obtained, we should have found her and her husband Elkan ih charged with 
 adultery, dragged forth, and stoned to death; for so was adultery to be 
 punished. All this furnish' s us with a conclusive proof, that the having more 
 than one wife with which a man cohabited, was not adultery' in the sight of 
 God ; or, in other words, that it nev-r was reckoned by Him any sin against 
 the seventh commandment, or the original marriage institution, or any other 
 law whatsoever. 
 
 " ' Fourthly. But there is a passage (Deuteronomy 21 : 15) which is express 
 to the poinf, and amounts to a demonstration of God's allowance of plurality of 
 wives. If a man have two wives, one beloved and another ha'ed, and they 
 have borne him children, both the beloved and the hated ; and if the first born 
 be hers that was hated, th-n it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit 
 that which he hath, that he may not make the son of the beloved first-born 
 before the son of the hated, which is, indeed the first-born, by giving him a 
 double portion of all that he hath ; for he is the beginning of his strength, and 
 the right of the first-born is his. On the footing of this law, the marriage of 
 both women is equally lawful. God calls them both wive-, and He cannot be 
 mistaken ; if He calls them so, they certainly were so. If the second wife bore 
 the first son, that son was to inherit before a son born afterwards of the first 
 wife. Here the issue is expressly deemed legitimate, and inheritable to the 
 double portion of the first-born; which could not be, if the second marriage 
 were not deemed as lawful and valid as the first. 
 
 '"Fifthly. To say that a plurality of wives is sinful, is to make God the 
 author of sin : for, not to forbid that which is evil but even to countenance and 
 promote it, is being so far the author of it, and accessory to it in the highest 
 degree. And shall we dare to say, or even think, that this is chargeable upon 
 Him, who is of purer eyes than to behold evil, and who cannot look on 
 iniquity? (Habbakuk 1 : 13.) God forbid. 
 
 " When God is upbraiding David, by the prophet Nathan, for his ingratitude 
 to his Almighty benefactor (2 Samuel xii.) He does it in the following terms: 
 verse 8, I gave thee thy master's house, and thy master's wives unto thy 
 bosom, and I gave thee the house of Israel and Judah, and if that had been too 
 little, I would moreover have given thee such and such things. 
 
 " Can we suppose God giving more wives than one into David's bosom, who 
 already had more than one, if it was sin in David to take them ? Can we 
 imagine that G*od would thus transgress (as it were) His own commandment in 
 one instance, and so severely reprove and chastise David for breaking it in 
 another? Is it not rather plain, from the whole transaction, that David com- 
 mitted mortal sin in taking another living man's wife, but not in taking the 
 
 t If polygamy was unlawful, then Leah was the only wife of Jacob, and none but her children 
 were legitimate. Rachel as well as Bllhah and Zi pah were mere y mistresses and their chil- 
 dren six in number were bastards, the offspring of adulterous connection. And yet there is no 
 intimation of any such views and feelings in Laban s family, or in Jacob s fami y, or in Jewish 
 history. Bi hah and Ziipah are called Jacob s wives (Genesis 37: 2). God honored the sons of 
 Rache , Bi hah, and Zi pah equa..y with the sons of Leah, made them the patriarchs of seven of 
 the tribes of the nation, and gave them equal inheritance in Canaan. D. O. ALLKN. 
 
42 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 widows of th deceased Saul? and thus, therefore, though the law of God con- 
 demned the first, yet it did not condemn the second ? 
 
 "'Sixthly. When Davd to<>k the wife of Uriah, he was severely repri- 
 mari'fed by the prophet Nathan; but after Uriah's death, he takes the same 
 woman, though he had other wives before, and no fault is found with him ; nor 
 is he charged with the least flaw or insincerity in his repentance on that 
 account. The chi d which was the fruit of his intercourse with Bathsheba, 
 during her husband Uriah's life, - od struck to death with his own hand 
 (2 Samuel 12: 15.) Solomon, born of the same woman, begotten by the same 
 man, in a state of a i lurality of wives, is acknowledged by God himself as 
 David'* lawful issue d Kings 5: 5,) and as such set upon his'throne. The law 
 which positively ex< 1 uled bastards, or those born out of lawful wedlock, from 
 the congregation of thi Lord, even to the tenth generation, (Deuteronomy 23: 
 2,) is wholly inconsistent with Solomon being employed to build God's temple 
 being the mouth of the people to God in prayer -and offering sacrifices in the 
 Temple at its dedication unless David's marriage with Bathsheba was a lawful 
 marriage Solomon, the lawful issue of that marriage consequently a pluralitv 
 of wives no sin, either again>t the primary institut on of marriage, or against 
 the seventh commandment. But so far irorn Solomon being under any 
 disqualification from the law above mentioned, he is appointed by God himself 
 to build the Temple (1 Kings 8: 19.) His prayer is heard, and the house is 
 hallowed (chapter 9 : 3,) and filled with such glory, that the priests could not 
 stand to mini-ter (c apter 8: 11.) Solo on, th refore, as well as Samuel, 
 stands as demonstrable proof, that a child born under the ciicurnstances of a 
 plurality of wives is no bastard God himself being the judge, whose judgment 
 is according to truth. 
 
 "'A more striking instance of God's thoughts on the total difference between 
 a plurality of wives and adultery, does not meet us anywhere with more force 
 and clearness in any pu't of the sacred history, than in the a-.c.mnt which is 
 given us of David ami Bathsheba, and their issue. 
 
 "* When David took Bathsheba, she was another man's wife, the child which 
 he begat by her in that situation was begotten in adultery *nd the thing which 
 David had done displeased the Lord (2 Samuel 11: 27.) And what was the 
 consequence? We are told, '2 Samuel 12: 1, the Lord sent Nathan the prophet 
 unto David. Nathan opened his commission with a most i eautifu* parable, 
 descriptive of David's cr me ; this parable the prophet applies to the conviction 
 of the delinquent, sets it home upon his conscience, bnn.s him to repentance, 
 and the poor penitent finds mercy h s life i^ spared, verse 13. Yet God will 
 vindicate the honor of His moral government, and that in the most awful 
 manner the murder of Uriah is to be visit- d upon David and his house. The 
 sword shall never depart from thine house, verse 10. The adultery with Bath- 
 sheba was to be retaliated in the most aggravated manner. Because thou hast 
 despised me, and hast taken the wife >f U iah the Hittite to be 'hy wife, thus 
 saith the Lord, I will raise up evil agdnstthee out of thine own house, and I 
 will take thy wives and give them unto thy neighbor before thine eyes; an<i he 
 shall lie with thy wives in the sight of the Sun ; for thou didst it secretly, but I 
 will do this thing before all Israel, and before the Sun. All this was shortly 
 fulfilled in the rebellion and incest of Absalom, chapter 16: 21, 22. And this 
 was done in the way of judgment on David for taking and defiling the wife of 
 Uriah, and was included in the curses threatened (Deuteronomy 28: 30) to the 
 despisers of God's laws. 
 
 "'As to the issue of David's adulterous commerce with Bathsheba, it is 
 written, 2 Samuel 12: 15, The Lord struck the o.hild that Uriah's wife bare unto 
 David, and it was very sick. What a dreadful scourge this was unto David, 
 who could not but read his crime in his punishment, the fol owing verses 
 declare wherein we find David almost frantic with grief. However the child's 
 sickness was unto death, for, verse 18, on the -eventh day the child d ed. 
 
 " ' Now let us take view of David's act of taking a plurality of wives, when, 
 after Uriah's de>'th, he added Bathsheba to his other w ves (verses 24, 25.) And 
 David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and went in unto her and lay with her, 
 and she bare a son, a; >d he ca led his name Solomon (that maketh peace Mia 
 reconciliation or recompense,) and the Lord loved him. Again we find 
 Nathan, who had been sent on the former occa ion, sent also on this, but with a 
 very different messnge. And He (the Lord) sent by the hand of Nathan the 
 prophet, and he called his name Jedediah (Dilectus Domini Beloved of the 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 Lord,) because of the Lord, i. e., because of the favor God had towards him 
 (verse 24.) 
 
 " Let any read onward through the whole history of Solomon ; l*-t them con- 
 sider the instances of God's peculiar favor towards him already mentioned, 
 and the many others that are to be 'found in the account we have of him ; let 
 them compare God's dealings with the unhappy issue of David's adultery, and 
 this happy offspring f Bathsh ha, one of his many wives, and if the allowance 
 and approbation or the latter doth not as clearly appear as the condemnation 
 and punishment of the former, surety all distinction and difference must be at 
 an md, and tbe Scripture itself lose the force of its own evidence. 
 
 '"Seventhly. I have mentioned the law being explained by the prophets. 
 These were extraordina-y messengers whom God raised up and sent forth 
 under a special commission, not only to foretell things to come, but to preach 
 to the peopl^, to hold forth the law, to point out their defections from it, and to 
 call them to r*ej>ent^nce, under the severest terms of God's displeasure unless 
 they obeyed. Their commission, in these respects, we find recorded in Isaiah 
 58: 1, 'Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet: show my people 
 ther transgression, and 'he house of Jacob their sins.' This commission was 
 to be faithfully executed at the peril of the prophet's own destruction, as 
 appears from the solemn charge given to Ezekiel, chapter 3: 18, When I say to 
 the wicked, 'Thou shalt surely die, and thou givest him not warning, nor 
 speak- st to warn the wicked to save his life, the -ame wicked man shall uie in 
 his iniquity, but his blood will I require at thine hand.' 
 
 "'These prophets executed their commissions very unfaithfully towards 
 God and the people, as well as most < angerously for themselves, if a plurality 
 of wives was sin against God's law, for it was the common practice of the 
 whole nation, from the princ^ on the throne to the lowest of the people ; and 
 yet neither Isaiah, Jeremiah, nor any of (he prophets, bore the least testimony 
 against it. They reproved them sharply and plainly for defiling their neigh- 
 bors 1 wives, as Jeremiah 5: 8; 29; 2:3, in which fifth chapter we not only find 
 the prophet bearing testimony against Adultery, but against whoredom and 
 fornication (verse 7,) for that they assembled themselves by troops in ihe 
 harlots' houses Not a word again.-t polygamy. How is it possible, in any 
 reason, to think that this, if a sin, should never be mentioned as such by God, 
 by Moses, or any of the prophets? 
 
 -"'Lastly. In the Old Te lament, plural marriage was not only allowed in 
 all cases, but in some commanded. Here for example, is the law (l)eut. 25: 
 5 10). If brethren dwell together, and one of them die and have no child, the 
 wife of the dead, shall not marry without unto a stranger: her husband's 
 brother shall go in unto her, and take her to him to wife, and perform the duty 
 of a husband's Brother un o her. And it shall be that the first-born that she 
 beareth shall succeed in the name of the brwiher which is dead, that his name 
 be not put out of Israel, etc. 
 
 " ' This law must certainly be looked upon as an exception from the general 
 law (Leviticus 18: 16,) and the reason of it appears in the law itself, namely, 
 'To preserve inheritances in the families to which they belonged.' 
 
 . . As there was no law against plurality of wives, there was nothing to 
 exempt a married man from the obligation of marrying his brother's widow. 
 .... For, let us suppose that not only the surviving brother, but all the near 
 kinsmen, to whom the rr.arriage of the widow and the redemption of the 
 inheritance belonged, were married men if that exempted them from the 
 obligation of this law as they could riot redeem the inheritance unless they 
 married the widow (Ruth 4: 5) the widow be tempted to marry a stranger to 
 put herself and the inheritance into his hands and the whole reason assigned 
 for the law itse f, that of raising up seed to the deceased, to preserve the 
 inheritance in his family, that his name be not put out of Israel fall to the 
 ground. For which weighty reasons, as there was evidently no law against a 
 plurality of wives, there could be no exemption of a man from the positive 
 duty of this law because he was married. As we say, Ubi cadit ratio, ibi idem 
 jus." ' 
 
 " I will now hasten to the examination of ano'ion, which I fear is too common 
 among us, and on which what is usually said and thought on the subject of a 
 plurality of wives, i- for the most part built; I mean that of representing Christ 
 as appearing in the world, as "a new lawgiver, who was to introduce a more 
 pure and pe feet system of morality, than that of the law which was given by 
 
 
44 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 Mose ,"- Thi horrible blasphemy against the holiness and perfection of God's 
 law, as well as against the truth of Christ, who decUi rod that Ho came not to 
 destroy the law, but to lulfil it this utter contradiction both of the law and the 
 Gospel was the foundation on which the heritic Soc nus built all his other 
 abominable errors. 
 
 "Christ most solemnly declared that heaven and earth could sooner pass, than 
 one jot or tittle pass from the law -Think not, said He, that I am come to de- 
 stroy the law or the prophets; I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. So far 
 from abrogating the law* or rule of life, which had been delivered by the hand of 
 Moses, or setting up a new law in opposition to it He came into the world to 
 be subject to it in all things, and so to fulfil the whole righteousness of it. 
 Matthew 3: 15. To magnify arid make it honorable. Isaiah 13: 21, even by 
 His obedience untu death. Speaking in the spirit of prophecy (Psalms 40: 8.) 
 He says Lo- I come in the volume of the book it is written of me -I delight 
 to do thy will. () my God; yea, Thy law is within my heart. And in His public 
 ministry, how uniformly doth He speak the same thing? 
 
 "If we attend to our Savior's preaching, and especially to that heavenly dis- 
 course delivered from the Mount, we shall find him a most zealous advocate for 
 the law of God, as delivered by Moses. We sha 1 find Him stripping it of the 
 false glosses, by which the Jewish rabbies had obscured or perverted its mean- 
 Ing, and restoring it to that purity and spirituality by which it reacheth even te 
 the thoughts and intnnts of the heart. For instance, when He is about to enter 
 upon a faithful exposition oi the moral law, lest his hearers should imagine 
 that what He was about to say, was contrary to the law of the Old Testament, 
 being sodifferent from the teachings of fie Scribes and Pharisees, He prefaces 
 His discourse with those remarkable words Matthew 5: 17 20. Think not 
 that I am come to destroy the law or the prophets, I am not come to destroy, 
 but to fulfil; for verily I say unto you, till heaven and earth pass away, one jot 
 or one tittle shall not pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. 
 
 "Let us take a nearer and more critical view of those passages of the Gospels, 
 in which Christ is supposed to condemn the plurality of wives as adultery. The. 
 first which I shall take notice of, as introductory to the rest is Matthew 5: 31, 
 32. It hath been said, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a 
 writing of divorcement. But I say unto vou, that whosoever shall put away his 
 wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery, and 
 whosoever snail marry her that is divorced, commiteth adultery. 
 
 "The next scripture to be farther considered, is Matthew 19: 9. I say unto you, 
 Whosoever shall put away his wife, (except it be for fornication) and shal marry 
 another, committeth adultery, and whoso marrieth her which is put away, 
 committeth adultery. 
 
 "Christ was surrounded at this time by a great multitude of people, who, in 
 principle, as living under the liw of the old Testament, were polyg imists, and, 
 doubtless, numbers of them were so in practice many there must have been 
 among this great multitude of Jews, who had either married two wives together, 
 or having one, took another to her, and cohabited with both. Had our Lord 
 intended to have condemned such practices, he would scarcely have made use 
 of words which did not describe their situation, but of words that did. It is 
 very plain that He that putteth away his wife, by giving her a bill of divorce- 
 ment could have nothing to do with the man who took two wives together, or 
 one to another, and cohabited alike with both But we are apt to construe 
 scripture, by supi osing persons to whom particular things are said, were in the 
 circumstances then, in which we are now; but it was far otherwise: they had no 
 ir'unicipal Ja r s against a plurality of wives, as we have. So far from it, their 
 whole law, (as has been abundantly proved) allowed it. Which said law, and 
 every part thereof, was, at the time Christ spake what is recorded in Matthew 
 19: 9, in as full force and efficacy, as at the moment after Moses had delivered it 
 to the people. He therefore could no more state a plurality of wives as adultery 
 by the law of Israel, than lean state it as high treason bv the laws of England. 
 
 "Can it be imagined that Christ, so remarkable for his precision, so thoroughly 
 accurate in all He said on every other point, should use so litte in this, as not to 
 make Himself understood by'His hearers? Nay that He should observe so 
 little precision, as not to describe an offense, which we are to suppose Him to 
 condemn? The most flagrant instances, the most obvious and palpable defini- 
 tions of a pluralty of wives cannot be understood from what He says. He that 
 putteth away his wife, by bill of divorcement, and marrieth another does not 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 45 
 
 describe a man's taking two wives together, and cohabiting with both; nor a 
 man's having a wife, and taking another to her, and cohabiting with both. Such 
 was the Old Testament plurality of wives, not the putting away one in order to 
 take another. 
 
 "Now, if aplurality of wives were unlawful, and of course null and void before 
 God, then was not Christ legally descended of the house and lineage of David, 
 but from a spurious issue, n t only in the instances above-mentioned, but also 
 in others which might be mentioned. So th t when Christ is supposed to con- 
 demn a plurality of wives as ^Hulterv, contrary to the institution of marriage, 
 and to the seventh commandment. He must at the same time be supposed to 
 defeat his own title to the character of the Messiah, concerning whom God had 
 sw rn to DavH, that of the fruit of his loins, according to th^ flesh. He would 
 raise up < 'hrist to sit on His throne. See Acts 2: 30, with Psalms 132: 11. 
 
 "The lawfulness of a plurality o wives must of course be established, or the 
 whole of < 'hnstianity must fall to the ground, and Christ not be He that was to 
 come, but we must look for another. Matthew 11: 3. 
 
 "The learned Seldeu has proved, in his Uxor Hsebraica; that a plurality of 
 wives was allowed, not only among the Hebrews, but among most other nations 
 throughout the world; doubtless among the inhabitants of tt-at vast tract of 
 Asia, throughout which th Gospel was preached by the great apostle of the 
 Gentiles where so rnanv Christian churches were planted, as well as in the 
 neighboring tates of Greece: yet in none of St. Paul's epistles nor in the seven 
 awful epistles which St. John was commanded to write to the seven churches in 
 Asia, is a plurality of wives found amongst the crimes for which they were re- 
 proved. Every other species of commerce between the sexes, is distinctly and 
 often mentioned, this not onc except on the woman's side, as Romans?: 3; but 
 had it been sinful and against the law on the man's side, it is inconceivable that 
 it should not have been mentioned on both sides equally. 
 
 "Grotius observes, 'Among the Pag m-<, few nations were content with one 
 wife;' and we do not find the apostle making this any bar to church-member- 
 ship. Itcan hardly besuoposed, that if a plurality of wives weresinful, that is 
 to say, nn offense against the law of God, the greit apost e should be so liberal 
 and so particular, in his epistle to the Corinthians, in the condemnation of every 
 other species of illicit commerce between the sexes, and yet omit this in the 
 black catalogue, chapter 6: 9, etc., or that he should not be as zealous for the 
 honor of the law of marriage, and of the sevemh commandment, which was 
 evidently to maintain it, as Ezra was for t h at positive law of Deuteronomy 7: 3. 
 against the marrying with heathens. Ezra made the Jo AS put away the wives 
 which they had illegally taken, and even the very children which they had by 
 them; how is it that Paul, if a plurality of wives was sinful, did not make the 
 Gentile and the Jewish converts put away every wife, but the first, and annul 
 every other contract. 
 
 "No man could have a fairer opportunity to bear his testimony against a nation- 
 al sin, than the Baptist had; for it is said (Matthew 3: 5 ) Then went out to him 
 Jerusa'em and all Judea, and all the region round about Jordan; and among the 
 numbers who were baptiz -d of him in Jordan, confessing their sins (verse 6.) 
 there were many harlots (chapter 21: 32.) So that it is evident he did not spare 
 to inveigh most sharply against the sin of fleshly uncleanliness; had a plurality 
 of wives been of this kind, he doubtless would have preached against it, which, 
 if he had, sornettace would most p'obably have been left of it, as there is of his 
 preaching against the sin ot whoredom, by the harlots being syid to believe on 
 him; which they ceriainly would not have done, any more than the Scribes and 
 Pharisees (Matthew 21: 32) if the preacher had not awakened them to a deep and 
 real sen>e of their guilt, by setting forth the heinousness of their sin. He ex- 
 erted his eloquence also against public grievances, such as the extortion of the 
 public officers of the revenue the publicans -tax -gatherers- -likewise against 
 the oppressive methods used by the so diery, who made it a custom either to 
 take people's goods by violence, or to defraud them of their property, by extort- 
 ing it under the terror of false accusation. These were public grievances, 
 against which the Baptist bore so open a testimony, that the publicans and 
 soldiers came to him, saying: What shall we do? This being th^ case, is it con- 
 ceivable that a man of the Baptist's character, who was so zealous for the honor 
 of the law, as to reprove even a king to his face for adultery, should suffer; if a 
 plurality of wives be adultery, a whole nation, as it were, of public adulterers, 
 to stand before him, and not bear the last testimony against them? I do not say 
 
46 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 this is a conclusive, but it is surely a very strong presumptive argument, that in 
 the Baptist's views of the matter, a plurality <>f wives, whoredom, and adultery 
 were bv no means the same thinu. 
 
 "While 'his system of a plurality of wives was reverenced and observed, we 
 read of no adultery, ^hordloin, and common prostitution of women atmng the 
 daughters of Israel; no brothels, street-walking, venereal disease; no child- 
 murder, and those other appendages of female ruin, which are too horrid to 
 particularize. Nor were these things possible, which, since the revocation of 
 the divine system ami the establishment of human systems, are become inevi- 
 table. The supposing our blessed .Savior came to destroy the divine law, or 
 alter it with respect <o marriage, is to suppose Him laying a foundation for the 
 misery and destruction ol the weaker sex. 1 ' 
 
 Having given the above extracts from the writings of the Rev. Martin 
 Madan, in his " helyphthora," we now make the following extracts 
 from a tract published by the eminent divine, Bishop Burnet, who was 
 elevated to the see of Salisbury, England, by William III., and who is 
 described as a learned, judicious and excellent Bishop. He is known 
 principally by his "Histoiy of the Reformation," and by that of u His own 
 Times." 
 
 The tract was written on the question: 
 
 "Is a plurality of wives in any case lawful under the Gospel?" 
 
 "Neither is it [a plurality of wives] any where marked among the blemishes 
 of th! patriarchs; David's wives, and store of them he had, are termed by the 
 prophet, God's gift to him: yea, a plurality of wives was ma<ie in some ases a 
 duty by Moses' law; when any died without issue, his brother, or nearest kins- 
 man, was to tp.arry his wife, for raisin gup. seed to himjand all wereoblig^d to obey 
 this, under the hazard "f inf. my, if tney refu-ed it; neither is there any exception's 
 made for such as were m -rrieii. From whence I may faithfully conclude, that 
 what God made i ecessaiy in some cases to any degree, can in no case be sinful 
 ill itself; since God is holy in all Hi- ways. 
 
 "But t is now to be examined, if it is forbidden by the Gospel. A simple and 
 expre-s discharge ot a plurality of wives is nowhere to be found. 
 
 "It is tru^ our Lord discharge divorces, except in the case of adultery, 
 adding tha*. whosoever puts away his wife upon any other account, commits 
 adultery: so St. Luke and St. Matthew in one pla -e have it or commits adul- 
 tery against her: so St. Mark has it -or causes her to commit adultery: so St. 
 Matthew in another place. 
 
 " Kut, says jn objector, if it be adultery then to take another woman after an 
 unjust divorce, twill folio* th it the wife has that right over the husband's 
 bouy, that he must touch no other. 
 
 "This is indeed plausible, and it is all that can be brought from the New 
 Testament, which seems convincing; yet it will not be found of weight. 
 
 "For it is to ie considered, that if our Lord had been to antiquate the 
 plurality of wiv^s, it being so deeply rooted in the men of that age, Confirmed 
 by such fashions and unquestioned precedents, and riveted by so long a 
 practice, he must have done it plainly and authoritatively, and not in such an 
 involved manner, as to be sought out of his words b.y the search of logic. 
 
 "Neither are these dark words made more clear by any of the apostles in 
 their writings: words are t > be carried no farther than the design upon which 
 they were writ en will lead them to; so that our Lord being, in that place, to 
 strike out divorce so explicitly, we must not, by a consequence, condemn a 
 plura ity or wives ; since it seerns not to have lailen within the scope of what 
 our Lord Hoes there disapprove. 
 
 "Therefore, to conclude this short answer, wherein many things are hinted, 
 which might have been enlarged into a volume, I see nothing so strong against 
 a plura ity of wives, as to balance the great and visible imminent hazards that 
 hang over so many thousands, if it be not allowed." 
 
 TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The organization by Act of Congress of the Territory of Utah in 1850 
 went into effect in 1851. By the Organic Act the executive power of the 
 Territory is vested in the Governor, who is appointed by the President of 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 47 
 
 the United States, and holds his office for four years and until his succesors 
 is elected and qualified, unless sooner removed by the President. Until 
 1858 the Governor was ex-officio Superintendent of Indian Affairs. He 
 approves the acts passed by the Legislative Assembly and fills all 
 vacancies occurring in offices until the meeting of the Legislature. He is 
 Commander-in-chief of the militia. He may grant pardons for offences 
 against the laws of the Ter/itory, and reprieves for violation of the laws of 
 the United States until the decision of the President is known. It is his 
 duty to see that the laws are faithfully executed. 
 
 The Secretary of the Territory is appointed for the same time and in the 
 same manner as the Governor. He records the laws and proceedings of 
 the Legislative Assembly and the official proceedings of the Executive, 
 and transmits copies annually of the laws and journals to the Speaker of 
 the House of Representatives, and the President of the Senate for the use 
 of Congress, also to the President of the United States. In case of a 
 vacancy in the office of Governor the Secretary becomes Acting Governor. 
 
 The Legislative Assembly consists of a Council composed of thirteen 
 members, and a House of Representatives of twenty-six members. The 
 former are elected for two years, the latter for one year. The members of 
 the Assembly must be qualified voters in the districts in which they 
 reside. The apportionment of representation was made in the first instance 
 by the Governor, and subsequently by the Assembly, by giving each 
 district representation according to its population as nearly as may be. 
 Each branch of the Assembly elects its own officers. The respective 
 sessions of the Assembly are limited to forty days. The Legislative 
 powers of the Assembly extend to all rightful subjects of legislation con- 
 sistent with the Constitution of the United States and the provisions of 
 the Organic Act. Copies of all laws passed by the Assembly and signed 
 by the Governor are forwarded to the presiding officers of both Houses of 
 Congress and if disapproved by that body become null and void. 
 
 The apportionment of the Legislative Assembly is as follows : 
 
 Washington and Kane counties, one Councilor and one Representative. 
 
 Beaver, Iron and Piute counties, one Councilor and two Representatives. 
 
 Millard and Juab counties, one Councilor and two Representatives. 
 
 Sanpete and Sevier counties, one Councilor and two Representatives. 
 
 Utah and Wasatch counties, two Councilors and four Representatives. 
 
 Cache and Rich counties, one Councilor and two Representatives. 
 
 Weber and Box Elder counties, one Councilor and three Representatives. 
 
 Davis and Morgan counties, one Councilor and two Representatives. 
 
 Salt Lake, Tooele, Summit and Green River counties, four Councilors 
 and eight Representatives. 
 
 The Legislative Assembly have held seventeen sessions ; and so care- 
 fully and judiciously has the legislation of the Territory been conducted? 
 that Congress has only exercised the power of disapproval in one instance, 
 and that for political effect, designed to interfere with the marriage rites 
 of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. This is a record o^ 
 which the Territory 'may justly be proud. The principal body of the laws, 
 
48 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 
 
 including the civil and criminal codes and modes of procedure, were 
 passed in Governor Young's administration and remain substantially. 
 
 The Judicial power of the Territory is vested in a Supreme Court, Dis- 
 trict and Probate Courts and Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court con- 
 sists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices appointed by the 
 President of the United States for the term of four years. The Territory 
 is divided into three Judical Districts, one of the Justices of the Supreme 
 Court being assigned to each as a District Judge. The jurisdiction of the 
 several courts both appellate and original and of Justices of the Peace are 
 as limited by law; with the proviso that Justices of the Peace shall not 
 have jurisdiction in any controversy involving the title or boundaries of 
 land nor for sums exceeding one hundred dollars. 
 
 The Organic Act requires the District Judges to reside in their districts. 
 The First Judicial District includes the counties of Utah, Wasatch, San- 
 pete, Juab, Millard, Sevier and Pi-Ute. The court is held at Manti. The 
 Second Judicial District includes the counties of Washington, Kane, Iron 
 and Beaver. Court is held at St. George. The Third embraces the 
 counties of Tooele, Salt Lake, Summit, Davis, Morgan, Weber, Box Elder, 
 Cache and Rich. Court is held at Salt Lake City. 
 
 A Probate Judge is elected for each county by the Legislative Assembly. 
 He holds office four years and has civil, criminal and surrogate jurisdic- 
 tion in cases arising in the county. There are also elected three Select- 
 men, a Sheriff, Treasurer, Kecorder, Superintendent of the Schools and 
 Coroner. A Justice of the Peace and Constable are elected in each Precinct. 
 
 There are in Utah thirty incorporated cities. The acts incorporating 
 Salt Lake, Ogden, Provo and Payson cities are modeled after that of 
 Chicago. The financial policy of the Territorial Legislature, the County 
 Courts and municipalities, has been to keep free from debt. Appropria- 
 tions are annually made by the Legislative Assembly to defray the 
 expenses of the Supreme and District Courts, and the Penitentiary. All 
 the salaries of officers are low. Appropriations are also made by the 
 County Courts to defray the expenses of the Probate Courts incurred in 
 criminal cases. The principal portion of County and Territorial revenue 
 being applied to making of roads and the building of bridges. 
 
 Appeals may be taken from the Probate Court to the District Court and 
 from the District to the Supreme Court. Each county elects, for the term 
 of three years, three Selectmen, one going out of office and one being 
 elected annually. The Selectmen, with the Probate Judge, form a 
 County Court. They divide the county into precincts, school districts, 
 locate the roads, define the boundaries of irrigation districts, levy the 
 taxes, provide for the erection and keeping in repair of county buildings, 
 and provide for estray pounds in each precinct. 
 
 The Militia of the Territory consists of the able-bodied men between the 
 ages of eighteen and forty-five, organized into a military body known as 
 the "Nauvoo Legion," commanded by a Lieutenant-General. The Legion 
 is divided into military districts, each district having a commander whose 
 rank is determined by the number of men in his district. A company 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. 49 
 
 consists of not less than sixty men, rank and file, a battalion one hundred 
 and twenty men, a regiment six hundred, a brigade twelve hundred and 
 a division two or more brigades. 
 
 The reports of the Adjutant-General for 1867 show 12,024 men, armed 
 and equipped according to law. A great number of the newly-arrived im- 
 migrants being without arms, are not enrolled. 
 
 The field officers are, one Lieutenant-General, two Major-Generals, nine 
 Brigadier-Generals, twenty-five Colonels, one hundred and twelve Majors 
 with their necessary respective staff officers. 
 
 One-fifth of the militia is cavalry. There are a few companies of artil- 
 lery. The infantry and cavalry have modern improved arms. 
 
 In consequence of the delay which has taken place in the publication 
 of this pamphlet, the opportunity is afforded of appending a few miscel- 
 laneous items : 
 
 Elder Ezra T. Benson, one of the Twelve Apostles, died suddenly at 
 Ogden, September 3d. 
 
 The Utah Central Railroad Company was organized under a general 
 Act of Incorporation, passed at the last session of the Legislative Assem- 
 bly. The ground was broken by Brigham Young, President of the Com- 
 pany, at Ogden, in May, 1869, connecting Salt Lake City with Ogden ; 
 distance about forty miles. The track-laying commenced September 
 23d, and it is anticipated that the Road will be completed early in 
 December ; the probable cost will be $1,500,000. A railroad bridge has been 
 constructed across the Weber river. The road has been graded princi- 
 pally by the inhabitants along the route. 
 
 The annual catalogue of the Deseret University for the academical year 
 1868-9, issued lately, shows 223 students in attendance. The principal 
 efforts of the institution have been directed towards qualifying students to 
 become teachers. 
 
 The Book of Mormon has been published in the Deseret character. 
 
 Union stores have been formed in nearly all the districts in the Terri- 
 tory. The capital used in conducting these has been subscribed in small 
 shares by the masses, enabling the people to obtain their merchandise at 
 low rates, thereby relieving the capital heretofore employed in this branch of 
 business, which is now being diverted to other channels of usefulness by 
 enlarging the manufacturing interests. The wholesale importation of 
 goods is done by a co-operative institution. 
 
 The immigration of the present season by Railroad up to date, (Oct. 1,) 
 is estimated at three thousand souls. 
 
 The crops have been excellent throughout the Territory, except in the 
 counties of Cache, Washington, Kane and Iron, where the grasshoppers 
 have destroyed the most of Jie cereal crops ; in Washington and Kane 
 the cotton crop is materially lessened by the same cause. 
 
 During this season President Brigham Young, his Counselors and the 
 Twelve Apostles have visited all the counties in the Territory, excepting 
 three, and have held large public meetings of the people, which have 
 excited unbounded enthusiasm.