OWA AT THE World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial AND THE NORTH, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN RXPOBITIONS NEW ORLEANS, 1884-G. REPORTS OF HERBERT S. FAIRALL, COMMISSIONER, TO THE GOVERNOR OF IOWA. DES MOINES: OEO. E. ROBERTS, STATE PRINTER. 1885. EXCHANGE IOWA AT THE World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial AND THE NORTH, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN EXPOSITIONS NEW ORLEANS, 1884-6. REPORTS OF HERBERT S. FAIRALL, COMMISSIONER, TO THE GOVERNOR OF IOWA. DES MOINES: GEO. E. ROBERTS, STATE PRINTER, 1885. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. To his Excellency, BURBN R. SHERMAN, Governor of Iowa: SIB I herewith submit my reports as Commissioner for Iowa at the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, and at the North, Central and South American Exposition^the former held at New Orleans, Louisiana, from December 16, 1884. to June 1, 1885, and the latter now in progress in the same city, having opened No- vember 10, 1885, to continue not later than March 31, 1886. The benefits derived by the State of Iowa from its participation in the first international exposition in the United States, at Philadelphia, in 1876, had been so marked by increase in its population, by investment within its borders of capital and attraction of immigration, and especially by the advance outside of the State both in the demand and value of its products, that all thoughtful, enterprising citizens urged that the material prosperity of Iowa would be further en- hanced by its taking part in the second World's Exposition in this country, and in its successor, the American Exposition. The opinion also prevailed that aside from the commercial phase of the subject the State of Iowa could not afford to be the only com- monwealth in the Union to withhold its presence and support from, and enjoy the influences of, a great world's fair. Of the peculiar circumstances preventing State aid for the exhibits from Iowa, the discouragements that beset the work of making the State display, the organization of the Iowa Commission, the promptness of leading cit- izens to loan their credit to the State, the character of the exhibits from Iowa, and the honors conferred upon the State for the excellence of its exhibits, I have the honor of speaking hereinafter. That these expositions at New Orleans have already opened new markets for the products of Iowa, and advanced the State still further in the front rank of States, short as has been the time since their organization, is 4 WOBLD T S EXPOSITION. a fact briefly alluded to. It is also a source of gratification to pre- sent in these pages descriptive lists of the articles forming the Iowa displays, together witn the names of the large number of citizen* who contributed to them. In conclusion, I desire to return thanks to the men and women directly associated with me in the work, and to join with them in acknowledging our obligations to the many citizens of the State who so promptly and generously aided us, and without whose support tJiere could ha V3 been no exhibit from Iowa at either of these import- ant expositions. Yours respectfully, HERBEBT S. FAIRALL, Commissioner. IOWA CITY, IOWA, December 31, 1885. THE IOWA COMMISSION. President HON. BUBEN R. SHERMAN, Governor of Iowa. Secretary HERBERT S. FAIRALL, U.S. Commissioner, Iowa City. j?reo*wrer JOHN S. ELY, Alternate U. S. Commissioner, Cedar Rapids. SUPERINTENDENTS OF DEPARTMENTS. Agriculture Hon. F. N. Chase, Cedar Falls. Horticulture Col. G. B. Brackett, Denmark. Education Hon. J. W. Akers, Des Moines. Dairy C. A. Huston, Esq., Cedar Rapids. Mechanics and Manufactures W . C. Huntington, Esq., Des Moines. Live Stock Col. John Scott, Nevada. Flour and Grain Hon. J. J. Snouffer, Cedar Rapids. Geology Prof. Samuel Calvin, Iowa City. Woman's Work Mrs. Mary S. Scoit, Nevada. Fish and Fisheries Hon. A. W. Aldrich, Anamosa ; Hon. A. A. Mosher, Spirit Lake. Sanitary it. F. Andrews, Esq., Des Moines. Mineral Exhibit Capt. Albert Head, Jefferson. Bailroad Systems Hon. E. G. Morgan, Des Moines. Colored Alex. Clark, Muscatine. HONORARY COMMISSIONERS. First District Col. G. B. Brackett, Denmark. Second District Hon. N. A. Merrell, Clinton. Ihird District Hon. J. K. Graves, Dubuque. Fourth District Ron. S. A. Converse, Cresco. Fifth District Ron. R. W. Lathrop, Iowa City: Sixth District Ron. W. T. Smith, Oskaloosa. Seventh DistrictRon. C. L. Watrous, Des Moines. Eighth District Col. H. H. Wright, Centerville. Ninth District Ron. B. P. Clayton, Macedonia. lenth District Ron. D. D. Chase, Webster City. Ekventh District Ron. R. C. Wheeler, Odebolt. (J WORLD'S EXPOSITION. ASSISTANT COMMISSIONERS. J. M. Gow, Greenfield, Adair county. A. B. Shaw, Corning, Appanoose county. A. M. May, Waukon, Allamakee county. James C. Barrows, Centerville, Appanoose county. J. A. Overholtzer, Viola Center, Audubon county. J. W. Keith, Vinton, Benton county. J. W. Richards, Waterloo, Black Hawk county. J. R. Whitaker, Boone, Boone county. E. C. Bennett, Waverly, Bremer county. Wm. A. Jones, Independence, Buchanan county. F. J. Stockwell, Alta, Buena Vista county. F. O. Newcomb, Shell Rock, Butler county. Frank S. Rice, Rockwell City, Calhoun county. M. Miller, Carroll, Carroll county. J. B. Erion, Lewis, Cass county. Herbert Hammond, Tipton, Cedar county. Henry Martin, Mason City, Cerro Gordo county. Charles Finkbine, Aurelia, Cherokee county. John M. Gilliland, New Hampton, Chickasaw county. A. S. Johnson, Osceola, Clarke county. A. C. Parker, Spencer Clay county. A. F. Hofer, McGregor, Clayton county. Frank Mahin, Clinton, Clinton county. E. C. Hay wood, West Side, Crawford county. C. H. Lyon, Dexter, Dallas county. J. A. Wright, Bloomfield, Davis county. C. M. Murray, Leon, Decatur county. J. D Kennedy, Manchester, Delaware county, J. W. Burdette, Burlington, Des Moines county. Ira S. Foster, Milford, Dickinson county. E. H. Smith, Dubuque, Dubuque county. M. Richmond, Armstrong, Emmet county. S. B. Zeigler, West Union, Fayette county. O. H. Lyon, Rockford, Floyd county. F. M. Hemingway, Hampton, Franklin county. W. L. Aten, Hamburg, Fremont county. C. B. Park, Grand Junction, Greene county. *C. W. Gibson, Grundy Center, Grundy county. E. W. Weeks, Guthrie Center, Guthrie county. G. F. Richardson, Webster City, Hamilton county. J. A. Treganye, Britt, Hancock county. J. T. Buttolph, Iowa Falls, Hardin county. F. W. Hart, Logan, Harrison county. R. B. Lindley, Winfield, Henry county. C. F. Webster, Cresco, Howard county. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. C. H. Bissell, Humboldt, Humboldt county. J. A. Prink, Ida Grove, Ida county, W. P. Ketcham, Marengo, Iowa county. James Dunne, Otter Creek, Jackson county. H. K. Stahl, Newton, Jasper county. *I. W. Pancoast, Libertyville, Jefferson county. *H. W. Fyffe, Iowa City, Johnson county. J. 8. Stacy, Anamosa, Jones county. John Morrison, Sigourney, Keokuk county. John Wallace, Algona, Kossuth county. J. H. Hardin, Ft. Madison, Lee county. C. G. Greene, Cedar Rapids, Linn county. Arthur Springer, Columbus Junction, Louisa county. 8. H. Mallory, Chariton, Lucas county. J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids, Lyon county. F. M. Cassidy, Wmterset, Madison county. O. C. G. Phillips, Oskaloosa, Mahaska county. C. H. Durham, Durham, Marion eounty. J. G. Brown, Marshalltown, Marshall county. P. P. Kelley, Glenwood, Mills county. F. A. Vanderpool, West Mitchell, Mitchell county. J. D. Ainsworth, Onawa, Monona county. E. C. Hurlbut, Albia, Monroe county. C. W. Snyder, Red Oak, Montgomery county. A. W. Lee, Muscatine, Muscatine county. T. B. Stringfield, Sheldon, O'Brien county. W. J. Miller, Sibley, Osceola county. S. E. Wilson, Clarinda, Page county. E. S. Ormsby, Emmettsburg, Palo Alto county, H. C. Curtis, LeMars, Plymouth county. James Mercer, Fonda, Pocahontas county. P. V. Carey, Des Moines, Polk county. George F. Wright, Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie county, J. Jarnagin, Montezuma, Poweshiek county. Henry Todd, Mt. Ayr, Ringgold county. W. W. Field, Odebolt, Sac county. A. J. Hirschl, Davenport, scott county. C. C. Redfield, Harlan, Shelby county. H. S, Iselin, Orange City, Sioux county. C. G. McCarthy, Nevada, Story county. George W. Sweatt, Toledo, Tama county. R. G. Moon, Bedford, Taylor county. J. F. Bishop, Alton, Union county. Robert Topping, Keosauqua, Van Buren county. P. G. Ballingall, Ottumwa, Wapello county. Deceased. I WORLD'S* EXPOSITION. J. L. Eno, Indianola, Warren county. H. A. Burrell, Washington, Washington county. Samuel Wright, Clio, Wayne county. Frank Farrell, Ft. Dodge, Webster county. J. F. Thompson, Forest City, Winnebago county. A. W. Brownell, Ft. Atkinson, Winneshiek county George H. Wright, Sioux City, Woodbury county. Geo. F. Wattson, Northwood, Worth county. fi. A. Howland, Eagle Grove, Wright county. REPORTS OF THE COMMISSIONER THE WORLD'S EXPOSITION. 1884-5. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. On the first day of January, 1884, the people of Iowa, through Hon. Buren R. Sherman, Governor of the State, were invited by the Board of Management of the World's Industrial and Cotton Centen- nial Exposition, at New Orleans, to participate in said exposition, both by contributing to it and by visiting it. In order to insure the presentation of an exhibit from Iowa, the Governor was requested to recommend to the President of the United States for appointment a Commissioner and an Alternate Commissioner for the Exposition^ in conformity with an act of Congress providing for such appoint- ment. Accordingly an invitation was extended by the Governor, on the 10th day of January, 1884, to Herbert S. Fairall, of Iowa City, and John S. Ely, of Cedar Rapids, to accept the respective positions named above, and these gentlemen accepting, they were on Febru- ary 10, 1884, duly commissioned by the President of the United States and accredited by the Governor of Iowa to the authorities of the Exposition. While the preliminary circulars and general plan of the Exposition were of the most comprehensive character, and the general govern- ment had officially recognized the project, by inviting foreign nations to participate therein, the care manifested by Congress not to have the government become in any manner financially responsible for the Exposition, and to appropriate no money for its preparation or main- tenance, gave rise to the belief that the enterprise would be only local in character, somewhat on the scale of the Atlanta, Cincinnati, Louis- ville and other similar expositions. At a conference of the Commissioner and Alternate Commissioner 12 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. with the Governor, the matter of Iowa's representation in the project was discussed and decided favorably upon. It was agreed that even if the Exposition should not prove to be an international affair, it would be an excellent opportunity to advertise the resources and in- terests of Iowa, and to hasten the era of good feeling between the two great sections of the country. As neither Congress nor the Ex- position provided means whereby an exhibit could be made, the Com- missioners and the Governor presented the subject to the General Assembly, then in session, but the impression prevailed to such an extent that the Exposition could be none other than a New Orleans or local enterprise, 'that the bill asking for ten thousand dollars never reached a vote. The same indifference was displayed in the legisla tures of the various States that were in session at the same time, only Kansas and Nebraska making appropriations. A few weeks after the General Assembly had adjourned, upon the presentation of the case by the Commissioners of the several States and Territories, Con- gress voted a loan of a million dollars to the Exposition and a third of a million dollars to defray the expenses of making a display at New Orleans of the government exhibit that had attracted so much attention at the Centennial Exposition, in 1876. This vast outlay of money by the government at once advanced the Exposition to the rank of a great world's fair, and its preparation went forward with remarkable rapidity. To each State and Territorial Commissioner there was set apart by the Board of Management the sum of five thousand dollars as a fund to be used in exciting an interest and pre- paring the way for an exhibit from his State or Territory. This much needed aid proved of great benefit in urging the work forward throughout the entire Union; but, while the appropriation was made by Congress early in June, the failure of the Board of Management to comply with certain requirements of the statute as to paying in the subscriptions of stock for the Exposition corporation, delayed the availability of the money for the Commissioners until the middle of August. Meantime, in Iowa, as in other States, the money for the expenses of the preliminary work was advanced by the Commissioner. The several States marked their approval of the project by raising funds to supplement this appropriation of $5,000, and by preparing exhibits. It was evident that Iowa could not afford to be absent from an affair which was endorsed by her sister Commonwealths. Besides, the beneficent effects of her participation in the Philadelphia Exposition of 1876 were yet being enjoyed by her producers and man- REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. Ifr ufacturers. The just recognition of her supremacy in the products of the dairy and the orchard, by the Centennial Exhibition, gave a stimulus to her horticultural and creamery interests, resulting in in- creased trade, with corresponding increase of wealth. It was, there- fore, but the simple exercise of business sagacity that the State should be represented at New Orleans. THE IOWA COMMISSION. During the spring and summer, after my appointment, I visited many parts of the State and found but one sentiment prevailing, and that was that Iowa should be represented at the forthcoming World's Exposition. In a large number of counties the people set to work to preserve the choicest of their products for a State exhibit. The ne- cessity of a suitable fund for the work, however, became so impera- tive that a meeting to devise ways and means was held at Cedar Rap- ids, on August 27, 1884, with a large number of the most prominent citizens in attendance. The high standing of the personel of this meeting, embracing the best men of the State, without regard to po- litical distinctions, gave to its deliberation a weight not to be disre- garded. It was agreed that a suitable display of the State's resources and abilities should be made. Unfortunately, as has been stated, the legislature had adjourned without providing means for such exhibit, and a plan was perfected to accomplish the desired end. This was to secure from the citizens of the State a sum sufficient to pay the expense of the State exhibit. The money so obtained was to be raised in the shape of a quasi loan, based upon the expected credit of the State, and with the understanding that the amounts advanced by in- dividuals would not be finally their loss, unless the State should, by the action of its representatives, refuse to recognize the value of it& presence at the New Orleans Exposition, as applied to it as a State. This plan was not only heartily endorsed by the press of Iowa, and its consummation aided by them, but also the people generally, and especially by a large number of members of the last legislature, who expressed their regrets at the failure of that body to make, in ad- vance, the necessary appropriation. It was further commended by the several officers of the State government, as being a desirable so- lution of a difficulty imperilling the pride of a State which enjoyed a most enviable reputation for the part heretofore borne by it in 14 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. every enterprise looking to the proper presentation and enhancement of its interests and standing. The opportunity, it was on all sides conceded, was presented whereby Iowa might aid in promoting patriotism and amity between the two sections of the country, and at the same time augment gen- eral and popular knowledge. By participation in the World's Indus- trial and Cotton Centennial Exposition she could also be in a posi- tion to aid in developing desirable commercial relations with the countries immediately at our door to the south, and to which the produce of her fertile acres should naturally gravitate over the great water highways to the Gulf. The creation of a market means in- creased wealth for the producer, and now that the opportunity was afforded, her neglect to avail herself would not only have been a re- proach upon her judgment, but would have resulted in her being a compulsory witness to the increased trade of other States, to the detriment of her own. In accordance with the plan agreed upon, an organization was com- pleted to carry the same into effect. This organization was known as the Iowa Commission, and was composed as follows: President, Hon. B. R. Sherman, Governor of Iowa; Secretary, Herbert S. Fairall, U. S. Commissioner, and John S. Ely, Alternate Commissioner as Treas- urer. Mr. Ely executed to the Executive Council of State a bond in the sum of fifty thousand dollars for the faithful performance of his duties. There were also added to the Commission the persons to whom had been confided as Superintendents, the several departments of the State display. There was also appointed an honorary commis- sioner for each Congressional District, and in each county an assist- ant commissioner, whose duties consisted- in aiding the collection of exhibits, and the general enhancement of the affair. A full list of the Oommission is given herewith. PREPARING THE EXHIBIT. The Commission was organized in the latter part of August, 1884, leaving a period of but little more than three months in which to select, assemble and install the contemplated display. The har- vests had moreover been mostly garnered. Notwithstanding this latter fact, and the shortness of the available time for preparation, a most magnificent exhibit was gathered together, representing in at- tractive manner, the wonderful agricultural and other resources of REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 1$ the State. It was the intent of the Commission to have every county appropriately represented, and to this end the several connty com- missioners were supplied with material, such as bags, glassware, etc., in which to place and transport their collections. The various divisions of the display, embracing agriculture, horticulture, dairy products, mechanics and manufacturers, live stock, flour and grain, fish and fisheries, mineralogy and geology, railroad systems, sanitary appli- ances, woman's work, and last but not least, education, were each and all represented by displays which conferred distinguished honors upon the State, and were recognized superior in character, alike by the juries of awards and the general visitor. No higher honor was nor could be conferred upon any participant in the grand exhibition at New Orleans, than was bestowed upon the display made by the State of Iowa. THE EXHIBIT PARTIALLY DESTROYED. The plans of the Commission received a severe shock on December 1, 1884, by a railroad wreck occuring to the display then en route upon the B., C. R. & N. R'y. By this unfortunate accident "a large portion of the exhibit was totally destroyed, and much damaged be- yond use grains, seeds, vegetables, and nearly every fragile article were ruined. The lateness in the season utterly precluded their re- production. They had been collected with especial reference to this display, and were, in fact, the "cream of the harvest." But two short weeks intervened before the opening day. Yet, notwithstanding these great difficulties, the Commission again went to work in the State, gathered the best products available, proceeded with their instal- lation and exhibited upon the opening day a display that was second to none. At the time of shipment of the exhibits, the Commission had agreed upon a plan of installation. The railroad accident not only frustrated this plan, but al*so entailed unforseen expense upon the Commission. As soon as the extent of the injury to the display be- came known throughout the State, large numbers of well-intending citizens sent to New Orleans various contributions of agricultural products, etc. Such evidences of friendly interest was very encour- aging to the Commission; but unfortunately, the major portion of the contributions were sent by express " C. O. D.," necessitating a considerable outlay of the available funds of the Commission, and IQ WORLD'S EXPOSITION. the same time but very few of such contributions were fitted for dis- play as specimen exhibits. These contributions could not be declined without offense, and it was deemed best to receive them, as far as possible, and thus retain the good feeling and friendly interest in the exhibit manifested by the people at home. INSTALLING THE DISPLAY. In the allotment of space to the several States for exhibition pur- poses in the government and state building, the State of Iowa was awarded 10,1*75 square feet. Under the regulations governing the Exposition, no exhibit was allowed to be made in this building for any purpose beyond that of simple display. Articles exposed for competition were therefore compelled to exhibit elsewhere, and in consequence, a very large portion of Iowa's exhibit found its way to the Main Building, the Machinery and Carriage Annexes, and the Horticultural Hall. It was the purpose of the Commission to secure to each and every exhibit that prominence warranted by their merit, and at the same time retain their relationship to the State. To this end the exhibits of working machinery in the Machinery Annex, those of wagons and other vehicles in the Carriage Annex, and of agricultural implements, farm appliances, dairy products and appurtenances in the Main Build- ing were, so far as practicable, grouped together as Iowa matters. A large amount of similar exhibits, not entered for competition, were displayed in the Government and State building. The plan of thus securing an intelligent distinction, as between different classes of ex- hibits was also carried out in the general display made upon the State space. The several departments of agriculture, flour and grain, fish and fisheries, mineralogy and geology, railroad systems, domestic manufactures, sanitary appliances, education and womens' work, while assembled as a whole, were each systematically arranged under the immediate supervision of their respective superintendents. The ed- ucational exhibit was made in the gallery space 40 by 42 feet, imme- diately overlooking the State exhibit on the main floor. In the gal- lery, at the opposite side of the building, and fronting the state ex- hibit, was displayed the department of woman's work. These two departments, while occupying distinctive spaces, appropriately iden- tified by means of large signs as Iowa exhibits, were each made to- form a part of a group of similar displays made by the several states REPORT OP COMMISSIONER. jf and territories. Each group being termed by the general manage- ment, respectively the "Department of Education," and "Depart- ment of Womans* Work." These general departments were each presided over by an officer designated by the Exposition Manage- ment. It was the earnest desire of the Commission to accord to Iowa ex- hibitors such position upon the allotted space, as would enable each to make the best possible showing. Especially so in manufactures. The high position accorded the State by the tenth census, among manufacturing States, that of second west of the Mississippi river, was not forgotten in the installation of that department. This was fortunately aided by the original selection of the State space which proved to be one of the most eligible in the building. In the display of the State exhibit, the space upon the floor was divided as follows: Departments of agriculture, manufacturing, grains and milling products; geology and mineralogy, and miscel- laneous. Dairy products and appliances were well exhibited in the appropriate department located in the main building. The horticul- tural display was made in the horticultural hall, a magnificent struc- ture of iron and glass, especially constructed for this exhibit. The location of the exhibits of education and woman's work have been heretofore alluded to. In common with every State and territory, that portion of the space beneath the gallery was tastefully but economically fitted up aa State Headquarters, comprising two general reception rooms and the private office of the Commissioner. Papers of all the prominent newspapers of the State were on file in the large reception room. The headquarters were plainly but neatly furnished, and were at all times attended by the Commissioner or his representative, and a genuine Iowa welcome was extended to every visitor. Here visitors found a comfortable resting place where the surroundings conferred a satisfactory feeling of State pride, The Commissioner's private office was elegantly decorated, the paper being donated to the display through Mr. R. H. Allin, of Iowa City by Robert Hobbs & Co., the well known wall paper manufac- turers, of Brooklyn, New York, to whose representative, Mr. Wm. B. Burgess, the Commission desires to extend their appreciative thanks. A very convenient acquisition to the headquarter outfit was a postal cabinet, the invention of Mr. L. C. Gray, of Fort Dodge. The large amount of mail matter received at the headquarters for Iowa visitors., 18 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. was placed in this cabinet, which afforded a most convenient and simple method of arrangement, attracting many commendations, from its numerous patrons VISITORS FBOM IOWA. A register, arranged to show the name, occupation, home residence, and New Orleans address of visitors, was placed in a convenient po- sition. It was continually consulted as the means of ascertaining the whereabouts of mutual friends, and proved a most valuable ad- junct. An examination of its pages show that over fifteen thousand persons visited the Iowa Exhibit. From reports made by the various United States Commissioners to the Board of Management it appears, that next to Louisiana, the number of visitors, in proportion to population was greatest from the Hawk-eye State. JBEPOBT OF COMMISSIONER. 19 THE IOWA EXHIBIT, AGRICULTURAL SECTION. Upon the request of the Commission made to the State Agricul- tural Society to select a suitable person to arrange and preside over this department of the display, that body designated Hon. Frank N. Chase, of Cedar Falls, to whom was confided this important trust. Mr. Chase, from his long experience at the head of a similar depart- ment of the State Fair Association, was especially suited for the place. Owing to the destruction of a large percentage of exhibits by the railway accident before referred to, it was impossible to make a com- plete catalogue of agricultural exhibits provided for display. The following list is as full as can be made under the circumstances: 20 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. CORN. KIND. FROM WHOM. "P ride of Iowa"; yellow, shelled. "Pride of Iowa"; yellow, in ear. . "Johnson White"; white, in ear. . "Johnson White"; white, shelled. Sweet Leming ; yellow Early Dent; yellow Leming; yellow, shelled Leming; yellow, ears Vermillya; yellow, ears Vermillya; yellow, shelled ; yellow Gold Drop; yellow Dent; y ellow "Hundred Days"; yellow ; yellow ; yellow ; yellow, shelled Yankee. Yankee ; yellow ; yellow ; yellow ; yellow ; yellow Dent; yellow, three varieties Duttons; yellow Pennsylvania Mammoth; yellow Pride of the North; yellow Dent; yellow Narragansett; yellow Monmouth; white Evergreen; white Belgian; speckled Bloody Butcher Dent; white, three varieties King Philip; white Lyon County Prolific; white Common; white Early; white Red and Yellow on Stalks Common; white Square; white Johnson, shelled and ear; white , Mammoth; white Early; white Early; white Early; white Common; red Rice Prolific, 2 varieties; red . . . Hundred Day; red Common; red Mixed, eleven varieties . S. Johnson, usceola. A. S. Johnson, Osceola. A. S. Johnson, Osceola. A. S. Johnson, Osceola. Matt Stokes, Clark. Chas. Johnson, Perry. Jas. Echels, Buckingham. W. G. Malm, Columbia. W. G. Malin, Columbia. W G. Malin, Columbia. K,. Petheridge, Tama. R. Petheridge, Tama. Dood & Meleck, Spring Creek. \. H. Hollan. Tama. Wm. Hart sock, Tama. E. S. Carpenter, Tama. W. R. Sherly, Hamburg. I. Wright, Hamburg. 1. S. Parkhurst, Hamburg. N. Malvin, Belmont. J. Peck, Belmont. W. T. Butts, Belmont. P. B. Kauffman, Belmont. S. Adams, Belmont. A. Elder, Belmont. A. B. Haviland, Eagle Grove. J. K. P Thomspon, Hock Rapids, f. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. C. A. Sterling, Washington county . 0. A. Sterling, Washington county. . A. Sterling, Washington county . u. A. Sterling, Washington county. 3. A. Sterling, Washington county . C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. Wm. R. Sherley, Hamburg. Wm. R. Sherley, Hamburg. Wm. R. Sherley, Hamburg. H. Wright, Hamburg. H. Wright, Hamburg. A. S. Johnson, Osceola. W. G. Malin, Columbia. W. G. Malin, Columbia. Dood Meleck, Spring Creek. Wm Hartsock, Tama. Dood & Meleck, Spring Creek. Ed. Reichman, Toledo. E. S. Carpentei, Tama. I. W. Mapes, Hamburg. C. A. Sterling, Washington county . REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. CORN CONTINUED. KIND. FROM WHOM. Dent (4 varieties) white Pop corn, shelled and ears. Pop corn, shelled and ears Pop corn, red, shelled Pop corn, shelled Pop corn, white Sweet corn, ears Sweet corn, ears Calico, striped J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. A. Slosken, Eagle Grove. J . K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. R. S. Parkhurst, Hauxburg. John Shawner, Osceola. C. Danforth, Hamburg. S. Adams, Belmont. VVm. R. Sherley, Hamburg. H. Wright, Hamburg. WHEAT. Sea Island Winter, on straw Doty Sea Island Red Russian , German Emperor, fall Sea Island, spring Doty, spring Gold Drop Winter Sea Island Odessa Fife (5 varieties) White Russian Sea Island Blue Stem , Sea Island Sea Island No. 2 Sea Island . . Andrew .Law, Perry. VVm McTurk, Crystal. Wm. McTurk, Crystal. Wm. McTurk, Crystal. W. C. Cory, Columbia. C. Hoyt, Hamburg. C. Hpyt, Hamburg. F. Gillman, Hamburg. A. Calkins, Hamburg. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. J. K P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. Rosedale Farm. T. A. Scott, Eagle Gr->ve. Hill Bros., Clarion. W. C. Morton, Clarion. OATS. White Russian. . . White Russian. . . Fox White German. . . White Russian . . White Russian. . . White Russian . . White Russian . . Mixed Barley oats Excelsior Mammoth white. White Hibernian Mammoth white . G. H. Palmer, Gaultsville. A. Elder, Belmont. S. Adams, Belmont. J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. O. S. Wing, Hamburg. M. E. Johnson, Osceola. M. E. Johnson, Osceola. A. Ebey, Clear Creek. W. G. Malin, Columbia. W. G. Malin, Columbia. Robert Patheridge, Tama. Robert Patheridge, Tama. WORLD'S EXPOSITION. FLAX. KIND. FROM WHOM. Russian flax I J. K. P. Thompson. Russian flax I J. K. P. Thompson. Russian flax J. K. P. Thompson. Flax seed John Muerhead, Perry. Flax seed M. E. Johnson, Osceola. Flax seed Hill Bros., Clarion. Flax seed John Smith, Belmont. TIMOTHY. Timothy seed IE. Lynch, Belmont. Timothy seed J. Echels, Buckingham. Timothy seed M. E. Johnson, Osceola. Timothy seed C. A. Sterling, Washington county Timothy seed J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. Red top M. E. Johnson, Osceola. Blue joint grass seed J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids. BARLEY. Barley I Dood & Meloch. Spring Creek. Barley IQ. 8. Wing, Hamburg. RYE. Winter rye N. H. Kusick, Belmont. Red rye ; M. E. Johnson, Osceola. White rye R. S. Parkhurst, Hamburg. White rye C. A. Sterling, Washington county BEANS. Black W. T. Butts, Belmond. Yellow. W. T. Butts, Belmond. Marrowfat W. T. Butts, Belmond. Boston Yellow W T. Butts, Belmond. Cranberry W. T. Butts, Belmond. Fancy Colored W. T. Butts, Belmond. Red Valentine C. A. Sterling, Washington county Soup C. A. Sterling, Washington county. Black Wax C. A. Sterling, Washington county . Chinese Red Eye C. A. Sterling, Washington count v . Lima C. A. Sterling, Washington county Navy C. A. Sterling, Washington county . Soup , John Shawner, Osceola. Mixed John Shawner, Osceola. Prolific White R. Petheridge, Tama. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. *APPLES. KIND. FROM \VHOM. Jonathan Rolands Winesap Yellow RussetJ. Grimes' Gold... Willow Twig . . . Ben Davis Winter Pippins. Ten varieties . . . W. G. Mulms, Tama. W. G. Mulins, Tama. W. G. Mulins, Tama. W. G. Mulins, Tama. W. G. Mulins, Tama. W. G. Mulins, Tama A. S. Johnson, Osceola. A. S. Johnson, Osceola. C. A. Sterling, Washington county This display independent of exhibit in Horticultural Hall. CANE PRODUCTS. Amber sugar cane Cane sirup Cane sugar John Stuart, Perry. John Stuart, Perry. John Stuart, Perry. I ..i i Cane seed John Stuart, Perry Cane molasses I John Stuart, Perry MISCELLANEOUS. Broom-corn, seed and stalks Peppercorns Parsnips Carrots Beets Silver onions Pale red onions Wethersfield onions Egg plant Peas Cane seed Hickory nuts Red oak acorns Sweet pumpkin seed Hubbard squash seed Castor beans seed Beet seed Carrot seed Parsnip seed Turnip seed Tomato seed Lettuce seed Radish seed Celery seed Cucumber seed J. Hoskins, Hamburg. Wm. Calkins. Hamburg. F. Jeckel, Hamburg. P. Jeckel, Hamburg. F, Jeckel, Hamburg. H. Wright, Hamburg. H. Wright, Hamburg. W. R. Calkins, Hamburg. W. R. Sherley, Hamburg. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county . 0. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county . C. A. Sterling, Washington county . C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. G. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. . A. Sterling, Washington county. . A. Sterling. Washington county 24 WORLD'S EXPOSITION, POTATOES. KIND. FROM WHOM. W. G. Malm, Columbia. Belle W. G. Malin, Columbia. W. G. Malin, Columbia. W. G. Malin, Columbia. R. Petheridge, Tama. R. Petheridge, Tama. Joseph Sesson, Tama. White Peachblow Joseph Sesson Tama. White Elephant. Joseph Sesson, Tama. Peerless Joseph Sesson, Tama. Mammoth Peerless James Burg, Tama. P. Lichly, Toledo. Ohio Grand P. Lichly, Toledo. White Neshanock P. Lichly, Toledo. Variety of Sweets T. J. Bently, Hamburg. Snow Flake . ... John Shawner, Osceola. Iowa Blues John Shawner, Osceola. Iowa Mammoth M. E. Johnson, Osceola. Forty five varieties . ... S. T. Rasseau Hamburg Peerless J. T. Drain, Hamburg. Early Ohio J. T. Drain, Hamburg. Alma J. T. Drain, Hamburg. Big Mary Ann Gus Wollace, Hamburg. Sunbeam Kosedale Farm Wright county Victor Uosedale Farm, Wright county. Murphy's own Rosedale Farm, Wright county. Early Rose Early Summer Beauty of Hebron White Star Rochester Market Dakota Red Champlain Champion Pride of the Field Conklin's Surprise Contributed by citizens of Lyon ConkUn's Prolific county through lion J K. P. Magnum Bonum 'I'hompson Rock Rapids Pride of Cambi idge Burbank Chicago Market i Boston Market White Elephant 2STo name, 4 varieties Winnie, one Winnie, No. 2 Early Gem Early Albany REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. VEGETABLES, ETC. 25 KIND. Mammoth squash, 185 pounds. Mammoth beet, 27 pounds Giant squash Field peas Citrons Silver Gloss buckwheat Millet seed Section of soil FROM WHOM. Contributed by citizens of Lyon county, through Hon. J. K. P. Ihomp son, Rock Rapids. 26 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. The foregoing list of exhibits, while specifying the articles dis- played, cannot convey any idea of the manner of their presentation to the gaze of the visitor. A large quantity of grains were exhibited on the stalk, and in com- mon with the various grasses of the State were arranged in tasty and artistic designs. Most of the grains, in seed, were shown in orna- mental glass jars; and neat and attractive decorations were employed whenever practicable, in enhancing the attractiveness of the general display. The character of the soil of Iowa was intelligently shown by four glass tubes or cylinders, one foot in diameter and eight feet in height, containing vertical sections of earth, taken from different sections of the State. This actual representation of Iowa soil was a most noticeable feature, and received universal attention and com- mendation. A large octagonal pyramid of glass was used in the display of grains, and the glory of Iowa cprn was exhibited in the presence of a "Corn House," twenty feet in height, constructed largely of corn in the stalk and ear. No premiums were awarded exhibits of any kind displayed in the Government and States Building articles being allowed therein for "display only," and not for competition. The Iowa exhibits dis- played elsewhere were liberally accorded high recognition in the shape of medals, diplomas and other premiums. A list of such awards will be found in another part of this report* EDUCATIONAL. The Educational exhibit was one of the most complete and attract- ive features of the Exposition. The Department of Education occupied the greater portion of the immense gallery of the Govern- ment and States Building, and comprised the display of foreign educational systems and institutions; that of the United States Government and those of the several States and Territories, supple- mented in many instances with exhibits of private academies and schools. Each and all of these were very full and complete. It was, therefore, extremely desirable that the best possible aid obtainable should be enlisted in preparing and installing the State* exhibit in this department, and to such end the Commissioner requested the Department of Public Instruction to extend its supervision over the work of showing the educational status of Iowa. The task was assumed by Hon. J. W. Akers, Superintendent of Public Instruction, REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 27 who at once entered upon the discharge of his important and labo- rious duties. Superintendent Akers says in his report: " The material used at the Madison exhibit was re-collected so far as pos- sible (it having been returned to the schools which contributed it). The work was very generally rebound, and the Kindergarten work framed and covered with glass, so far as this was necessary and possible from its nature. The College for the Blind at Vinton and the School for the Deaf and Dumb- at Council Bluffs contributed very fine displays of their work, and the con- tributions of many counties, cities and towns not represented at Madison, swelled the New Orleans exhibit beyond our hope or expectation when entering upon it. " A space of 40 x 42 feet in the main gallery, directly over the space assigned to the Iowa Commissioner on the floor of the Government building was as- signed to the Iowa educational exhibit. By suitable partitions and decora- tions our space was made \ery attractive, and was commonly called the 'parlor of the gallery.' Joining our space on the west was the exhibit of education of the State of Minnesota. When it is known that this exhibit was probably the most beautiful and attractive exhibit of education ever made by any State, it will not seem surprising that Iowa was put upon her mettle, and taxed to her utmost, in order to make a comparatively favorable showing. Our exhibit certainly received a fair share of attention from the visitors and teachers of all States, and many gratifying commendations, from visitors from foreign countries. "The Department issued a circular of information, setting forth the organization and practical operation of our school system, and containing a lithograph school-house map of our State. This map excited great inter- est, and it is believed accomplished much for the credit of our State which could not otherwise have been expressed. It shows at a glance what Iowa has done in the interest of the education of her children and youth. Every dot stands for a school-house, and there is a school-house in the State for every dot on this map. The Department spent considerable time to arrive at accuracy in this matter. County maps were sent to the county superin- tendents respectively, with instructions to indicate with red ink the quarter section upon which each school-house in their individual county stood. These dots were transferred to a large map, 9x 12 feet, the work being done in this office, and great care taken to place the dots accurately and correctly. It is safe to say that there are to-dav more school-houses in the State than the map represents, as the data for it was obtained two years ago. " I desire here to acknowledge my great obligations to Prof. T. H. Mc- Bride, of the State University, at Iowa City, for his able and efficient assist- ance, without which the educational exhibit at New Orleans could not have been made what it was. The arrangement of the material for the exhibit was very largely his work." The exhibit was at all times attended by a representative of the department, Prof. T. H. McBride being in charge until February 1, 28 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. 1885, at which date he was succeeded by Mr. Frank M. Leonard, of Iowa City, a graduate of the State University. To the urbanity, in- telligence and faithful labors of these two gentlemen, the Commis- sion are largely indebted in sustaining the high character of the magnificent exhibit installed by Supt. Akers. EXHIBITORS. The following is a list of exhibitors contributing to the Iowa Edu- cational Exhibit at the World's Exposition, New Orleans, with a brief list of the articles contributed by each exhibitor: ACKLEY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in grammar and history, from the seventh grade. Physiological drawings, from the seventh grade. Drawings illustrating problems in physics. Map drawings. (All the work bound.) ALBIA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work, from various grades. Penmanship copy-books bound in volumes. Map drawings. (All the work bound.) ATLANTIC PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in arithmetic and history, from the eighth grade. Manuscript work in language, from the sixth grade. Manuscript work in arithmetic, from the fourth and seventh grades. Map drawing, from the sixth grade. BANES, J. DE, DUBUQUE. Display card of photograph work. BALLING ALL, P. G., OTTUMWA. Silk banner with Iowa coat of arms. BELLE PLAINE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work of all grades from first to eleventh. Drawings, from the seventh and eighth grades. Map drawings, from the same grades. Worsted maps of Iowa. Mat weaving, from first grade. Box of clay models. EEPOBT OF COMMISSIONER. 29 1 BLACKBURN, MISS 8., VINTON. Teachers' examination questions. Teachers' examination manuscripts. Circulars showing the work of county normal institutes during a period of ten years. (All the work bound.) BURLINGTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in arithmetic, language, grammar, history, geography and music, from all grades. Penmanship from all grades. Manuscript work in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, Latin, German, natural science, book-keeping, etc., from the high school. (All the work bound.) CASS COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Drawings, from the country schools. Map drawings, from the graded schools of Marne. Map drawings, from the country schools. (All the work In portfolio.) CEDAR RAPIDS PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in arithmetic and language, from the first, second and 4 third grades. Manuscript work in arithmetic, geography and grammar, from the fourth, fifth and sixth grades. Manuscript work in arithmetic, grammar and history, from the seventh grade. Manuscript work in political economy, English literature, algebra, botany and physics, from the high school. (All the work bound.) CHARLES CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in arithmetic, from all grades from third to eighth in- clusive. Penmanship, from grades third to eighth inclusive. Manuscript work in geography and language, from grades four to eight inclusive. Manuscript work in history, from the eighth grade. Manuscript work in physical geography, algebra and word analysis, from, tSae ninth grade. Manuscript work in physics and word analysis, from the tenth grade. Manuscript work in physiology and geometry, from the eleventh grade. 30 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. Manuscript work in political economy, Latin and English literature, from the twelfth grade. Slate work drawings and pencil work, from the primary grades. Map drawings from the fifth and sixth grades. CLINTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work, from the first and third grades. Manuscript work in language and arithmetic, from the fourth and fifth grades. Manuscript work in arithmetic and geography, from the sixth and seventh grades. Manuscript work in arithmetic, grammar and history, from the eighth grade. Manuscript work in English literature, geometry, algebra, physiology, modern history, German and Latin, from the high school. Charts of kindergarten work, from the primary grades. Boxes of kindergarten material. Drawings, from the primary grades. Literary blanks filled by pupils. (Manuscript work all bound.) COLUMBUS JUNCTION. Manuscript work in arithmetic, grammar, geography, history, physiology and algebra, from the grammar grades. Manuscript work in grammar and geography, from the intermediate grades. Map drawing, from the intermediate grades. CORNELL COLLEGE. Framed cut of the buildings and grounds. Photographs of president and professors. Manuscript sketch of the institution. CRESTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in language and arithmetic, from the first and second grades. Manuscript work in language and arithmetic, from the third, fourth, fifth sixth grades. Manuscript work in history, from the seventh and eighth grades. Drawings, from the fourth grade. Map drawings, from the fifth, seventh and eighth grades. Manuscript work in civil government and geometry, from the high school. Charts * outlines of grammar," from the high school. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 31 DAVENPORT PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in language, arithmetic and geography, from the third to seventh grades inclusive. Manuscript work in language, arithmetic, geography and history, from the eighth and ninth grades. Manuscript work in zoology, geometry and botany, from the high school. Manuscript work in German, from several grades and from the high school. Manuscript work, from the city training school. Miscellaneous manuscript work. Drawings, from grades fourth to ninth inclusive and from the high school. : States, from primary grades. Teachers' charts for instruction in primary grades. Color charts for instruction in primary grades. Box of colors corresponding to the item last mentioned. Charts for instruction in music. Charts for elementary work in numbers. Programme of daily exercises. (All manuscript work bound.) DBS MOINES PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in language, arithmetic and geography, from the pri- mary and grammar grades. Inventions in paper cutting and paper folding from the primary grades. Original designs In paper cutting from the fifth grade. Manuscript work in history from the eighth grade. Herbaria from the high school. Map drawing from the seventh and eighth grades. Slates from the primary grades. Charts for primary instruction from the training school, Worsted maps of Iowa from the primary grades. Worsted maps of Polk county from primary grades. Clay relief maps of Iowa from primary grades. (All manuscript work bound.) DUBUQUE. Chart of ornamental petimanship from Baylies' Commercial College. BLDOKA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript works in language and arithmetic from the grammar grades. Manuscript work in arithmetic, history and geography, from the high school. Book-keeping from the high school. Manuscript work in commercial arithmetic from various grades. Drawings illustrating physiology from the high school. 32 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. FORT MADISON PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Penmanship from grades third to eighth, inclusive. Primary drawings. Map drawings from grade. GRAND JUNCTION PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Penmanship from the primary grades. Manuscript work in grammar from the grammar grades. Manuscript work in arithmetic, ancient history, physical geography and United States history, from the high school. Drawings from the grammar grades and from the high school. HACKNEY, W. F. Plans and elevation for a five-room school house. HARDIN COUNTY POBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in language, arithmetic and history, from the country schools. Drawings from the country schools. Map drawings from the country schools. HUISCAMP, j. c. An oil-painting fruit-piece. IOWA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. Herbaria from the Sophomore class of 1884. IOWA AUTHORS. The following authors have contributed to this exhibit: Allen, Jerome. Marvin and Morisey. Benton, T. H. McBride, T. H. Bessey, C. E. McClain, Emlin. Burke, Finley. McClain, William. Crosby, W. E. McCreary, J.* L. Currier, A. N. Ross, J. N . Fisher, W. R. gaiter, William. Friesner, W. N. Stevens, A. J. Gurney, C. H. Sudlow, P. W. .Harris, J. B. .Tillinghast, B. F. Hornberg, J. D. " Wedgwood, G. Hull, W. N. White, C. A. Jackson, J. H. Wright, D. 8. Magoun, George F. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 3$ IOWA COLLEGE FOB THE BLIND. Manuscript work in geometry. Two volumes " raised letter." Numerous samples of bead work. Two brooms. One hair mattress. One husk mat. One piece of rag carpet. Numerous pieces of fancy knitted work. One cane chair bottom. Samples of thread lace. One doll and hammock. Maps (cloth) of Iowa and Louisiana. IOWA FALLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in geometry and physiology from the high school. (All the work bound.) IOWA INSTITUTION FOK THE DEAF AND DUMB. Two crayon portraits enlarged from photographs. Four crayon art pieces. One pen and ink sketch. Eleven pairs of boots and shoes. One walnut office desk. IOWA STATE NOKMAL SCHOOL. Manuscript work in English literature, geometry, English analysis, alge- bra, arithmetic and penmanship. Theses of the graduating classes, 1878-83. Notes of lectures on didactics. Notes of work in botany. Notes of laboratory work in physics. Set of drawing books. Herbaria. Set of relief maps, made in putty. Charts of physiological drawings. Charts for primary teaching. Charts of drawings from various grades. (All manuscript work bound.) GREENE COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work from the country schools of Bristol township. Manuscript work fiom the country schools of Cedar township. Map drawings from the country schools of Cedar township. 34 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. Miscellaneous work in manuscript from the country schools of Franklin township. Map drawings from the country schools of Franklin township. Manuscript work from the country schools of Grant township. Map drawings from the country schools of Grant township. Manuscript work from Hardin township country schools. Manuscript work from Highland township country schools. Manuscript work from Junction township country schools. Manuscript work from Paton township country schools. Manuscript work from Washingtown township country schools. JEFFERSON PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work from all grades and from the high school. Drawing illustrating problems in physics from the high school. Map drawings from the grammar grades and the high school. JESUP PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in history. Map drawing. KINGSLEY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work In reading, arithmetic, geography, history and civil gov- ernment. (All work bound.) KOSSUTH COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Map drawings. LE CLAIRE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in language, etc., from the fifth and sixth grades. (All the work bound.) LE MARS PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Primary work in arithmetic and penmanship. Manuscript work in language and arithmetic, from grades second to fourth inclusive. Manuscript work in geography from the seventh grade. Manuscript work in German and political economy from the high school. (All the work bound.) LEWIS PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in geography and history from the eighth and ninth LYONS PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in botany and rhetoric from the high school. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 35 MARBLE ROCK PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in arithmetic and language from the second, third and eighth grades. Manuscript work in geography from the fourth grade. Manuscript work in grammar and algebra from the fifth grade. Manuscript work in history, English grammar and arithmetic from the seventh grade. Map drawings from the grammar grades. MARENGO PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in language and arithmetic from grades fifth, sixth and seventh. Manuscript work in history from the eighth grade. Manuscript work in rhetoric, botany, Latin and German, from the high school grades. (All the work bound.) i MARSHALL COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in geography, arithmetic, language, physiology and his- tory, from district No. 1, Timber Creek township. Drawings from the same school. Map drawings from the same school. (All the work bound.) MARSHALLTOWN PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in language, from grades second to seventh, inclusive. (All the work bound.) MCGREGOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in arithmetic, geography and history from the grammar grades. Report of the public schools for the term ending December 21, 1883. (All the work bound.) MONROE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in arithmetic and language, from the first and second grades. Manuscript work in geometry and English literature, from the high school. NORA SPRINGS PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in language and arithmetic from the sixth grade. (All the work bound.) MORRIS, H. W. Herbaria, representing the Iowa flora. 36 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. OTTUMWA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in arithmetic and language, from the first and second grades. Manuscript work in music and language, from the third and fourth grades. Manuscript work in music, arithmetic, history and language, from the fifth grade. Manuscript work in music, language and geography, from the sixth grade. Manuscript work in aiithmetic, geography and language, from the seventh grade. Manuscript work in arithmetic and language, from the eighth grade. Manuscript work in history, English literature, latin, geometry, physics and botany, from the High School. Drawing, from all grades above the second. (All the work bound.) PLACK, W. L. Architectural designs for school- houses (three). POCAHONTAS COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work from the primary and grammar grades. Map drawings from the primary and grammar grades. ROCKFORD PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in arithmetic from the first, second, third and fourth grades. Manuscript work in physical geography and arithmetic from the fifth grades. Manuscript work in arithmetic, physiology, history and language from grades seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth. 8ANBORN, W. W. Architectural designs for school-houses (five). SPIRIT LAKE. Manuscript work and map-drawing. SPRINGFIELD. Manuscript work from various grades. Bound volume of map-drawings. SPRINQVILLE. Drawings from the grammar school. Map-drawings from the grammar grades. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 37 STATE DEPARTMENT. Four glass charts, displaying 1. Organization and growth of County Normal Institutes for a period of ten years. 2. A graphic representation of the relation of the school population to the entire population; school population to enrollment; enrollment to aver- age attendance; daily attendance to daily absence. 8. The school statistics of the State from 1848 to 1883. 4. The organization of the Iowa school system. Six linen charts, illustrating graphically the increase in the number of teachers employed; in school population; in number of schools; in perma- nent school fund; in valuation of school property; in total annual expendi- tures for school purposes. Blank teachers' certificates of four grades. Blank high school diploma. Blank State certificate. Sample lithographs from Des Moines. Photographs of public school-buildings and colleges throughout the State. A bound set of Iowa school reports. A bound set of Iowa school laws and decisions. The report of the census of Iowa from 1835-80. Bound volumes of various school journals. Bound volumes of miscellaneous State documents. One volume of blanks for reports of district secretaries. One volume of blanks for reports of county superintendents. One volume of blanks for reports of district treasurers. A school-house map of the State showing number and distribution of school-houses. STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA. One illustrative paleontological cabinet. Laboratory note-books in biology, botany, conchology and paleontology. Theses in zoology and civil engineering. Five photographs of drawings, illustrations for a work on paleontology. Sets of drawings illustrating three terms' work in instrumental drawing. Drawings illustrating first and second terms' works in free hand-drawing. A set of topographical maps. Drawings in India ink and water colors. Box of mounted microscopic slides. STEAMBOAT ROCK. Charts of kindergarten work. Charts of primary work. Charts of physiological drawings. Charts of various work from the grammar grades. Map drawings. 8g WORLD'S EXPOSITION. STITCH, JOHN M. CLINTON. A set of crayon sketches and drawings. TAMA COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in language from the ungraded schools of Oneida town- ship. Manuscript work in language from Gladbrook graded schools and high school. Drawings from the country schools of Columbia township. Map drawings from Howard, Carroll, Lincoln, Crystal, Highland, York and Columbia townships. Worsted map of Tama county and of the State. UNION PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in language from the intermediate grades. Manuscript work in arithmetic, language, physiology and history from the grammar grades. Drawings from the grammar grades. WATERLOO PUBLIC SCHOOLS EAST SIDE. Photographs of free-hand drawings. Photographs of school buildings. Programme of daily exercises. Floor plans of school buildings. Map drawings. WATERLOO PUBLIC SCHOOLS WEST SIDE. Penmanship from the fourth grade. Manuscript work in grammar and arithmetic from the seventh grade. Manuscript work in history from the eighth grade. Manuscript work in algebra, history, geometry, analysis and physical geo- graphy from the high school. Map drawings from the primary grades. WEST LIBERTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Manuscript work in grammar, arithmetic, composition and physiology from grades. Dissected maps illustrating anatomy. Map drawing. WITTER, F. M. A collection of the land and fresh water mollusks of Iowa. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 39 HONORS AND AWARDS. DIPL MA OF HONOR. State of Iowa Collective educational exhibits. Iowa State University, Iowa City Theses, laboratory, note-books, draw- ings, cabinet of paleontology. DIPLOMAS. Frank Bond, Iowa City Theses on blue jay. Burlington Public Schools Class work from graded and high schools. Charles City Public Schools School work, etc. Clinton Public Schools Pupils' work, kindergarten charts, etc. Davenport Public Schools Manuscript work, teaching charts, drawing. Des Moines Public High Schools Manuscript work, clay and worsted maps, herbaria. Eldora Public Schools Drawings and class work. Hardin County Public Schools Pupils' work, map drawing, etc. Iowa College for the Blind, Vinton Papers in geometry, bead work, brooms, etc. DIPLOMA. Iowa Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Council Bluffs Shoes, desk, art work, etc. Iowa State Normal School, Cedar Falls Theses, examination papers, note-books, herbaria, charts, etc. Ottumwa Public SchoolsPupils' work. CERTIFICATE OF MERIT. Ackley Public Schools Language, drawing and maps. Atlantic Public Schools Pupils' work. Belle Plaine Public Schools Maps, drawings and language. Miss S. Blackburn, Vinton Teachers' examination questions, reviews. Cedar Rapids Public Schools Pupils' work. Hattie Cochrane, Iowa City Theses on leaves, illustrated. Columbus Junction Schools fupils' work. Creston Public Schools Manuscript work and charts. Grand Junction Public Schools Pupils' work. 40 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. CERTIFICATE OF MERIT. Greene County Public Schools Pupils' work. Iowa Agricultural College, Ames Herbaria. Iowa Falls High School Geometry and physiology. Jefferson Public Schools Pupils' work. Le Mars Public Schools Pupils' work. Marble Rock Public Schools Maps and class work. Marengo Public Schools Class woik. Monroe Public Schools Pupils' work. Polk County Public Schools Pupils' work. Rockford Public Schools Class work. Shenandoah Public Schools Pupils' work. Sidney Public Schools Class work. Shimek, Bohnmil, Iowa City Theses on fresh-water mollusks. Sioux'City Public Schools Maps, drawings and class work. Tama County Public Schools School work. Webster County Public Schools Pupils' work. HONORABLE MENTION. Albia Public Schools Manuscript, pupiJs' work. Cass County Pnblic Schools Pupils' work. Marble Rock Public Schools Pupils' work. Marshall .County Public Schools Class work. Marshalltown Public Schools Manuscript work in language. McGregor Public Schools Class work. Nora Springs Public Schools Pupils' work. W. H. Norris Herbaria of Iowa flora. Pocahontas Public Schools Class work, maps, etc. Scranton Public Schools Manuscript, class work, all grades. Searsborough Public Schools Pupils' work. Sheldon Public Schools Class work in arithmetic, geography, etc. Steamboat Rock Public Schools Kindergarten, maps, etc. Union Public Schools Class work. "West Liberty Public Schools Pupils' work. REPORT OF COMMISSION EK. PROF. Me BRIDE'S CONCLUSIONS. The preceding list, affording in almost every case only the briefest description possible, can give the reader no adequate conception of Iowa's educational exhibit at New Orleans. The list is simply a catalogue intended to indicate the general nature of the work dis- played. Only those who saw and studied the exhibit in place are prepared to give opinion of its excellence. The material shown was abundant and varied. It came from the deft and willing fingers of our children. The greater part of the work was not prepared espec- ially for the World's Fair; much of it was never intended for dis- play at all, yet all compared most favorably with work coming from schools in which the Exposition had been for months the one thing thought of. The honesty of the display was everywhere apparent, some of the work shown being superlatively good, some fair, and some very poor, altogether revealing exactly what was going on in our Iowa school on the day the exhibit was collected. In amount of material displayed, Iowa was certainly second to no other State, while in variety, in what may be called comprehensive- ness, her exhibit was unrivalled. Pupils' work was shown from every grade; from nearly every kind of school in the State, from lowest primary to the university, and through it, from schools in the city, schools in the village, and schools in the country. Of the credit gained for the State by this exhibit, it is difficult to form any adequate estimate. The place assigned Iowa was, perhaps, the most prominent in all the educational display, and her school work was the " observed of all observers." The name of our State became familiar to those who had hardly known it before, and every- where her enlarging fame was associated with her intellectual prog- ress as indicated by the growth and development of her schools. Nor was this the only benefit derived. The stimulus given to educational effort, both at home and in other States, must not be overlooked. Our larger towns now, more than ever, vie with each other in the ex- cellence of work produced. City and county exhibits are the or- der of the day, and a generous emulation is everywhere manifest. 6 42 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. lowans who visited the exhibit, proud that their schools had done so well, were inclined to make them more and more worthy of a world's praise; while citizens of States in which public schools had made little progress, judged the system by its fruits and became its warm- est advocates, determined upon its universal introduction and sup- port. The exhibit derived, in some respects, a decided advantage from the fact that a similar display was made at Madison last July. The preparation for Madison was an experience by which many Iowa teachers knew how to profit. At the same time so much praise was bestowed on that first effort that the State was in danger of resting upon its laurels, and of allowing the opportunity of the New Orleans World's Fair to pass by default. The short time elapsing between the two exhibits also worked disadvantageously, since in many cases the work sent to Madison had scarcely reached home, when similar work was again called for. However, notwithstanding these difficulties, and some others that need not here be named, the exhibit as it stood, might be fairly con- sidered representative. Country schools, graded schools, high schools, colleges, and university, were all represented, and taken together pre- sented almost every kind and grade of work done in the schools of the State. The work also came from a great many localities, illus- trating the same or equivalent grades, in a great many different schools, so that the exhibit was not representative only, but likewise very comprehensive and complete. It would be impossible, within the present limits, to give even a brief account of each of the individual exhrbits. A few must be selected which were more prominent either on account of the amount of material displayed, or because of some special attraction. It has been said that all kinds of school work were represented. By no means the least interesting material in this wide variety was the work of primary grades. Many schools, both city and country, exhibited very conclusively how the kindergarten methods and material can be made available in our public school system; and that, too, without the aid of special kindergarten teachers. The Clinton schools made a very handsome exhibit of this kind in form of map-weaving and simple paper cutting. The district schools of Tama county, the public schools of Belle Plaine and Steamboat Rock, and the city schools of Des Moines, also made exhibits of kindergarten work of various sorts, notably in the KEPOKT OF COMMISSIONER. 43 form of worsted maps of State and county. In addition to the pri- mary work there were displayed beautiful patterns in inventional paper cutting, from the fourth and fifth grades. In primary language work much excellent material was shown; that from Marshalltown and from Hard in county being perhaps most prominent. Burlington sent primary work in all subjects, and from her entire system of schools. Folding slates, covered with primary work in various subjects, were shown from Charles City, Davenport and Des Moines. In Iowa, as elsewhere, drawing is rapidly coming into favor and finding a place for itself in schools of all grades. Clinton followed her kindergarten work immediately with drawing, demonstrating what can be done in a short time without a special teacher. Daven- port, in a beautiful series, displayed her entire course in the subject; from the fourth grade through the high school, and from nearly all the schools exhibiting we had samples of drawing evincing more or less perfect systems of instruction. But it was of general work, in the ordinary lines of study, that the great bulk of Iowa's exhibit consisted. There were thousands of pages of pupils' work in arithmetic, grammar, geography, history, and the like. In such displays Oskaloosa vied with Ottumwa, Marshall- town with Clinton and Davenport, and Rockford and Marble Rock with Shenandoah and Sidney. Every step of the pupil could be traced from the primary to the high school, or through it. Burlington ex- hibited this whole educational history in a single volume, embelished by numerous ornate title-pages and drawings in ink. High schools in all the places named sent work in mathematics, science and language. There were beautiful pages of German, problems in algebra, botanical records and herbaria. Iowa Falls high school sent fine manuscript, geometrical demonstrations, and Creston elaborate outlines of Eng- lish grammar, together with a large amount of manuscript in subjects pertaining to the ordinary high school course. Nor was the higher education of the State without adequate representation. The State Normal at Cedar Falls made large display of drawings of all grades, of charters for primary instruction, and most beatif ul map drawing in ink, large folio size. Then we had manuscripts of examinations in many subjects, physics, didactics, geometry, algebra, etc.; fine her- baria, prepared under the discretion of Miss M. Gilchrist, the profes- sor of natural science, and a set of large relief-maps in putty, prepared under the direction of Miss McGovern. These maps were something 44 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. unique, at once simple, beautiful and instructive, and deservedly received a great deal of attention. The whole Normal school exhibit conveyed the impression of an effort to furnish the State with teachers who shall be well-informed and competent for work, with the ordinary school machinery and ap- paratus or without it. Close by the display just described was found that made by the State Department of Public Instruction. This exhibit was a sort of epitome of the entire school system of the State. Here were school statistics spread on beautiful glass charts, displaying in concise and graphic manner all the facts which statistics are competent to show. For example, these tables exhibited the growth of the Iowa school system from its organization to the present, the growth of the perma- nent school fund, of the expenditure for school purposes, the increase in the school population and in the number of teachers employed; also, the present organization of the various educational institutions under the patronage of the State, and the organization and growth of the county normal institute system. A distinctive feature of this display was a large map of the State, showing the location of each school-house in every county. This map was a revelation to almost every one. Very few of all who saw it, had the remotest idea of how abundant school-houses in Iowa are, or of the uniformity of their distribution throughout the counties of the State; conditions which justify the motto, " A school-house on every hill-top." Associated with all these exhibits from the common schools, and in the center of all in the general arrangement, the contributions from the State University found their place. The university showed a large display of drawings, both instrumental and free hand, illustra- ting the work in this line for the freshman and sophomore classes. Then followed topographical maps of great perfection and excel- lence. In the very center of the exhibit stood two cases the one containing a collection of fossils illustrating the method of teaching paleontology in the university, the other displaying two collections of land and fresh water shells one belonging to the university, the other to Mr. B. Shimek, a former student. A score or more of note- books, neatly written and filled with original pencil-drawings, show- ing beautiful work done by students in the laboratories of natural science; and the theses in engineering, botany and zoology were so far as observable entirely without rivals. It remains to speak of two special exhibits, one from the Iowa Col- REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 45 iege for the Blind at Vinton, and one from the Institution for Deaf Mutes at Council Bluffs. Both these institutions sent samples of pu- pils' work. From the blind were shown all kinds of fancy needle- work, beadwork, and knitted lace; from Council Bluffs came crayon sketches, boots and shoes, and a handsome walnut office-desk. Taken altogether, Iowa's educational exhibit was representative, comprehensive and complete, and once more, as at Madison, placed the State in the foremost rank for educational privilege and endeavor. MANUFACTURES AND MACHINERY. The supervision of this department of the State display was con- fided to W. C. Huntington, of Des Moines. The great importance of this portion of the exhibit was fully recognized by the Commis- sion, and especial means and measures employed to secure to it the utmost completeness and prominence attainable from the character and amount of material at hand. The display of manufactured goods was made upon the space allotted the State in the Government and States building. That of machinery in the main building and in the machinery annex. In addition, fine displays of vehicles were made in the carriage annex. The exhibit of manufactures upon the Iowa space was a credit to the State, and elicited much commendatory notice from visitors. As compared with similar displays of other States, it was a source of pride, and sustained in a marked degree the high position assigned the State as a manufacturing community by the tenth census, that of ranking second of all States west of the Mississippi river. The following LIST OF EXHIBITS shows the display made by this department. H. W. JOHNSON KEOKUK. Furniture 1 . Elkhorn chair. Frame- work composed of two immense antlers; back and seat of carpet upholstering. 2. Student's rocking chair. Back and sides made from root of tree, showing pieces of stone imbedded in the wood; all highly polished and up- holstered in plush. 46 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. BURLINGTON WIRE MATTRESS COMPANY BURLINGTON. 1. Bed lounge. Black walnut, veneered panels, carpet upholstering, an exposed near the city of Keokuk, but they are found capping the hills a few miles south and west of Burlington, and thence extend on into Mis- souri. The St. Louis limestone crops out at many places, principally in the REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. g} valley of the Des Moines river. It lies just beneath the coal-bearing strata of the carboniferous, and is seen near Ottumwa, Oskaloosa, and Pella, while its most northern exposure, so far as I now remember, is at the mouth of Lizard creek near Fort Dodge. Each of these divisions supplies con- siderable areas with necessary materials for building. The coal measures occupy a large area in central, southern, and south- western Iowa. They constitute one of the most important geological form- ations, their chief claim to consideration resting on the inexhaustible stores of coal that are included at different heights between the rocky layers. The coal product of Iowa will be discussed by Captain Head, so that it re- mains for me only to say that the coal measures, in common with the other geological formations, furnish in many localities most desirable stone for building purposes. Limestones prevail in the upper part of the Carbon- iferous series, and are utilized extensively in Madison, Montgomery, Tay- lor, Page, and other southwestern counties. The Upper Coal Measure lime- stone furnish beautiful series of fossils, illustrating the animal life of the Carboniferous seas, while the delicate ferns and curiously sculptured trees, whose remains occur associated with the beds of coal, throw light upon the character of terrestial vegetation during the coal period. THE GYPSUM BEDS. Overlying the coal in Webster county are immense beds of white and gray gypsum, that are already beginning to take rank as deposits of great com- mercial importance. These beds furnish material for the manufacture of Plaster of Paris. The rock itself, soft and easily cut into desired shapes, is used as building stone, while the Cardiff Giant is one of the well-known products of these interesting deposits. The Cretaceous Strata of Iowa consist of unimportant sandstones along the Nishnabotna river, followed by a group of sandstones and shales which attain their best development in Woodbury and Plymouth counties. In their present situation and condition the Cretaceous deposits are but the remnants of strata that were once widely distributed in the northern and western parts of the State; the agents of erosion and denudation have done their work on all the rest. The fossil remains in the Cretaceous strata of Iowa show that at the time the deposits were making, the willow, sassafras, and other trees of modern aspect, grew along the shores, while sharks and bony fishes, not unlike the present forms, lived in the sea. THE QUARTENARY DEPOSITS. Spread all over the older strata, and in large portions of the State effect- ually concealing them, are deposits of relatively recent time, to which the name Drift has been applied. The Drift embraces the surface clays, sands, gravels, etc., and to peculiarities and modifications of the Drift we are in- debted for whatever is characteristic of the soils of Iowa. From an econom- ical point of view this last deposit transcends all the rest. 11 82 WOBLD'S EXPOSITION. The coal and building stones of Iowa are of incalculable value; but the chief source of wealth in our young State, the real springs of her marvelous development in the past, and of the progress we may reasonably expect in the future, are to be found in her exceptionally fertile soil. But here I trench on the province of the Superintendent of Agriculture. The geolo- gists, however, may be allowed to say that the soil of Iowa is nowhere wholly dependent upon the nature of the underlying rocks. Every portion of the surface deposit has been transported from a distance, sometimes from a very great distance, and every geological formation, from the oldest Archaean to the Cretaceous, has contributed something to make the soil what it is. Streams and other agents have modified the original surface and sorted the materials of the Drift, while rank crops of vegetation from year to year have contributed organic matter. The diversified characters of our soil, as seen in the alluvial valleys, sandy loams, clay covered slopes, and gravelly hills, are the product of a multitude of forces. THE EXHIBIT. The Geological Exhibit, displayed in large glass case, comprised : 1st. Specimens of rock from the geological formations of the State. 2d. Very full smites of fossils, illustrating the ancient life of the State. 3d. Building stone. These were represented by cubes of various sizes and cut on the several faces so as to show different modes of dressing. 4th. Brick and brick clays. 5th. Drain tiles and the clays used in their manufacture. 6th. Pottery and potters' clays. 7th. Crystals of the ordinary rock-forming minerals, silicious and calcareous geodes, etc. 8th. Lead and zinc ores and associated minerals, from the Du- buque lead field. So far as the several subjects here enumerated are concerned they were all represented with sufficient fullness to show very clearly the resources of the State, above described, the material being arranged with a view to illustrating its scientific as well as its economical im- portance. The larger part of the collection of Iowa fossils was furnished from the private cabinet of the Superintendent. For valu- able assistance and hearty cooperation thanks and acknowledgments are due as follows: REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. sa CONTRIBUTIONS MADE. CONTRIBUTORS . RESIDENCE. CONTRIBUTIONS. W. L. Aten Hamburg Humboldt Collection of rocks, etc., made by pupils of Hamburg High School. Specimens of rock from Kinderhook beds. Assistance in labeling collections. Rocks from Kinderhook beds. Rocks, clays, pottery Sand from St. Peter's sandstone, ar- tistically arranged in large bottles. Fossils from St. Louis limestone, col- lected by pupils of public schools of Pella. Fossils from Niagara limestone. Fossils and rock specimens from the Hamilton limestones. Niagara fossils. Fossils, building stones, lime, etc., from the N iagara limestone. Splendid specimen of native copper from the drift deposits. Niagara fossils. Niagara fossils. Building stone and fossils from the Niagara limestone, brick, clays, etc. Stone vase made from rock furnished by the Champion Quarries. Fossils and building stones from the Burlington limestones. Specimens from the St. Peter's sand- stone and Trenton limestone. Fossils, rocks, clays, bricks, etc., the fossils and rock specimens being from the St. Louis limestone and the coal measures. Aid in classification. Specimens of rocks. Ores of lead and zinc and associated minerals. Very fine specimens of lead ore (Ga- lenite). Tile and brick. Carboniferous rocks. Personal assistance in preparing col- lections for shipment. Carboniferous fossils. Carboniferous fossils. Carboniferous fossils. Fossils, rocks, and building stones. Fossils, rock and lime from Niagara* limestone. Building stone and potters' clay. Specimens of the Sioux quartzite. Devonian fossils. 0. H. Bissel Alice B. Calvin Iowa City L. L. Cassidy Dakota City . . . Des Moines . . . McGregor C. H. Clarke A. Clemens Prof C. C. Cory . . . Pella Mrs. Jas. Davidson. . D. 8. Deering J.G. Diffemderfer... Prof. C. C. Dudley. . . Col. W. S. Dungan . . Dr. A. V. Eaton. . . . Monticello Independence . Hopkinton. ... Maquoketa Ch&riton . . . Anamosa . . . Dr. P. J. Farnsworth Dr. J. Gamble J. A. Green Clinton LeClaire Stone City Columbus City. McGregor Samuel Helmick A. F. Hofer , Dr. D. A. Hoffman. . Prof. T. H. McBride. Dr. C. M.McBride... JaTP6S MftRrfdft Oskaloosa Iowa City Rock Valley . . . Dubuque T. E. Moser Dubuque Olin Olin Tile & Brick Co. B. F. Osborne Rippy Dr. J. L. Pickard. . . . R. Posten Iowa City Villisca. . Mrs. "Rir.hards Red Oak Cora Rynearson State University .... L. W. Stuart Red Oak Iowa City Monmouth Red Oak C. W. Snyder J. K. P. Thompson.. Ed. F. Vincent. . Rock Rapids. . . Mason Citv. . 84 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. CONTRIBUTIONS MADE CONTINUED. CONTRIBUTORS. RESIDENCE. CONTRIBUTIONS. Prof C. B. Van Slyke Dubuque Fossils from Trenton limestone, Ga- Chas. Wachsmuth... Clement L Webster Burlington Rockford lena limestone, Maquoketa shales, stalactites from lead caves, etc. Specimens of rocks from the subcar- boniferous strata near Burlington. Devonian fossils. Wilkes Williams . Postville Fine cube of building stone. Supt S. Jfi Wilson Clarinda Rocks from the upper coal measures. Prof. C. M. Wirick ! .' Prof. F. M. Witter . . Marshalltown. . Museatine Rocks and fossils from the Kinder- hook beds. Devonian and Carboniferous fossils. B. Shimek of Iowa City, and F. M. Witter of Museatine, con- tributed very fine and complete collections of the land and fresh- water shells of Iowa. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. THE COAL SECTION. The importance and extent of the coal interests in Iowa led the Commission to make it a separate department, and in its charge was placed Capt. Albert Head, of Jefferson, a gentleman interested in the coal industry. Concerning the coal of Iowa, it was the intent of the gentleman to make an exhibit fully illustrative of the following para- graph from Bushnell's " Iowa's Resources and Industries." IOWA COAL FIELDS. No territory of equal extent in the United States contains more coal (bitu- minous though in some places cannel coal is found), suitable for all purposes, than Iowa, and this fact has done much towards promoting the development of our resources, as commerce and manufactures could not have reached their present prosperity but for the abundance of this useful mineral. The various geological surveys have made known the great extent of our coal deposits, which are most wonderful, being practically inexhaustible. The coal beds of the State are divided into three sections, known as the upper, middle and lower measures of the State, the latter producing the better quality of coal for all purposes. The veins vary in thickness from three to seven feet, although coal has been found even eleven feet thick, but this is rare. The extent of the coal-field, as far as has been ascertained, embraces an area of about 16,000 square miles, of which the most accessible portion is included in a district about fifty miles in width and one hundred and sev : enty-five miles in length, extending along both sides of the Des Moines river from Fort Dodge in Webster county through Des Moines in Polk county, to Keokuk in the southwestern part of the State. The coal is found at a depth of from one hundred and fifty to five hundred feet. The coal in- terest is assuming vast proportions, and bids fair soon to equal any of the leading industries of the State. By means of our admirable network of railroads our coal fields are easily accessible from every part of the State and in addition to the large amount required for home consumption, large shipments are made to other States, so that our coal fields are a source of great wealth in Iowa. Superintendent Head sent an earnest appeal to each of the mines in Iowa, but owing to the lateness of the season and other causes, the responses in the shape of exhibits were very few. The specimens exhibited, however, gave a fair idea of the quality of Iowa coal. For some of the best specimens, including some excellent pieces of build- ing stone, the exhibit is indebted to Mr. C. W. Snyder, of Mont- gomery county. 86 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. COLORED EXHIBIT. It was the desire of the Board of Management to have the Expo- sition in every sense a " World's," and to such end was sought the exhibits illustrating the progress in the arts and sciences made by the colored people. The entire northern gallery of the Government and State Building was devoted to this display. Iowa was most ably represented there by the fine exhibits collected and installed by Hon. Alexander Clark, the Superintendent of that department. THB DISPLAY. DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS. Wax cross Two water lilies, oil painting Fine linen thread handkerchief, worked by hand Two iron horseshoes and five wrought nails Calico quilt Fine thread- worked handkerchief. Coal from Davis county coal Eleven bottles of medicine One dozen bottles of disinfector. . . Lambrequins Three lambrequins Tidy and lambrequins Table spread and wall pocket Tidy Two maps of world Calico quilt, made at the age of 80 years Two horseshoes "T"draintile Two joints of tile Tidy side-board cover Wax flowers Mats and embroidery work One jar of fruit Tidy work Fancy tidy work Fancy tidy work Fine silk quilt Lace and hair chain Lace work . . > ancy work NAME OF EXHIBITOR. P. O. ADDRESS. Miss S. A. Bassfleld Miss Fannie Barnes . . Mrs. Lida Haney Mr. Joseph Carr. . Mrs. Emma Reed. Mrs Lizzie Carr . mines Alexander Clark. . Mrs. E. Duffin, M. D Mr. C. Taylor Matilda Busey Miss M. A. Ford Miss Sarah Ford Mrs. Virginia Walker . . Mrs. Dora Garland Robert Payne Mrs. Rachel Rogers Jefferson Maish Mr. Guss Conley E. E. Comley Bros Mrs. J. T. Blagburn.... Mrs. Abby Payne Mrs. T. E. Williamson . Mrs. Mary Wilson Mrs. J. H. Poindexter. . Mrs. Bell Jimison Miss Dora Sims Mrs. N. R. Vanottworth Miss Minnie Greenwood Miss Ida Washington . . Miss Delia Washington. Muscatine. Muscatine. Muscatine. Muscatine. Muscatine. Muscatine. Muscatine. Dubuque. Dubuque. Davenport. Davenport. Davenport. Davenport. Davenport. Davenport. Davenport. Des Moines. Des Moines. Des Moines. Des Moines. Des Moines. Des Moines. Des Moines. Des Moines. Oskaloosa. Oskaloosa. Iowa City. Cedar Rapids. Cedar Rapids. Cedar Rapids. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER HORTICULTURAL. In June, 1884, at the request of the Commissioner, the State Hor- ticultural Society designated Col. G. B. Brackett, of Denmark, to make a horticultural display at the Exposition. Mr. Henry Strohm, of Iowa City, the Treasurer of the Society, was appointed an alternate. Col. Brackett' s experience at Philadelphia, where he secured the gold medal for Iowa apples, was ample guarantee that he would fill his new position successfully. AID FBOM HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The Society also very generously appropriated six hundred dollars to enable Col. Brackett to make the desired display, with the under- standing that the Iowa Commission contemplated, and soon after- ward formed, should lend all possible aid. The Commission provided the expense of gathering the exhibit, amounting to $198.61 ($42 of the amount yet unpaid) and the transportation of the display to New Orleans, but at a meeting of the officers of the Horticultural Society and the Commission in New Orleans, it was agreed that the Society, through Col. Brackett, should install and maintain the exhibit in Horticultural Hall out of the $600 they had appropriated, and be entitled to the money received for premiums. The maintenance of the fine display of apples on the State space was to be looked after by Col. Brackett. This was a satisfactory settlement of the matter to all parties, the beautiful and complete showing made by the super- intendent on the State space, especially of his wax fruit, fully com- pensating the Commission for what money it had expended. Superintendent Brackett was most ably assisted in the difficult work of preparing the exhibit by Mr. E. H. Calkins, of Burlington. PREMIUMS SECURED. (For Northern District of the United States.) Largest and best collection of apples not exceeding 200 varieties, awarded to IOWA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, gold medal and $ 200.00 Best 50 varieties, silver medal and. . 75.00 88 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. Best 25 varieties, silver medal and $ 50.00 A. J. Haviland, Ft. Dodge. Best plate American Golden 5.00 J. B. P. Day, Castoria. Best plate Jonathan 5.00 Mrs. M. A. McGee, Council Bluffs. Best plate White Winter Pearmain 6.00 B. G. Moon, Bedford. Best plate Ortley , 5.00 Mrs. C. C. Sabin, State Center. Best plate Jeannet 5.00 H. C. Raymond, Council Bluffs. Best plate Peck's Pleasant 5.00 Charles Chickering, Red Oak. Best plate Roman Beauty 5.00 T. E. Ellitt, Red Oak. Best plate Wagoner 5.00 George Turner, Clarinda. Best plate Str. Pippin 6.00 Best plate Roman Stem 6.00 Samuel Row, Oskaloosa. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 39 SANITARY SECTION. The State Board of Health was represented by an exhibit, occupy- ing a wall space of 12x23 feet, on which was displayed an elegantly executed and costly chart on glass, showing the mortality rate of the State for the year 1882; also six large painted diagrams showing the mortality rate from various diseases, and comparative rates in a novel and comprehensive form by curves. There was also printed for general distribution a pamplet showing the work of the board from its creation, and the result, together with a brief statement of the topographical conformation of the State, its natural drainage and conditions favorable to health or disease. Unfortunately the entire edition was in the car which was wrecked, and very few copies were saved. This exhibit . was under the care of L. F. Andrews, acting secretary of the board, and one of the commissioners, by whom it was designed and prepared, and attracted much attention from those interested in sanitary and hygienic matters. It was the. only one of the kind at the Exposition. MILLING SECTION. The success achieved for Iowa at the Millers' National Association Exposition, at Cincinnati, in May and June of 1880, by Hon. J. J. Snouffer, marked him as the most desirable man to put at the head of this section of the Iowa display at the New Orleans Exposition. At Cincinnati Mr. Snouffer presented one hundred and seventy-five different brands of flour, and one hundred and eighty-five varieties of grain and seed, and upon this great display the State of Iowa was awarded the gold medal and first premium. During the five years that had elapsed since this triumph of the State in one of her large 12 9Q WORLD'S EXPOSITION. departments of industry, the benefits of holding the high position among the States were shown in the increase of the number of mill- ing establishments in the State and of capital invested therein. The Iowa millers were urged to make still better flour, the local demand for their goods was increased, and large sums of money previously sent out of the State for flour were kept at home. Superintendent Snouffer, who is active in the Millers' Association of Iowa, early enlisted the interest and co-operation of his brother millers, and f succeeded in securing exhibits of flour from ninety-one counties of the State, representing two hundred and eighty mills and three hundred and twenty-one brands. Part of this large display was destroyed in the wreck, but Mr. Snouffer succeeded in getting the greater part of it in place. Upon a double rack forty feet long and twelve feet high, this display was most artistically arranged. Part of the exhibit was from the Muscatine Oat Meal Works, whose show cases and goods were by far the finest display of the kind on the grounds. No flour exhibit in the Exposition attracted the atten- tion and praise bestowed upon that from Iowa. RAILROAD SECTION. Hon. E. G. Morgan, superintendent of this department, contrib- uted the proceedings of the Railroad Commission of Iowa, maps, charts and various interesting documents. The railroad companies operating lines in Iowa furnished a large amount of printed matter maps, etc., that were displayed to advantage. The Passenger Agent of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railroad supplied several thousand copies of a handsome book on the lakes and lands of northern Iowa; especially Spirit Lake, and the country through which this road runs. This railway rendered most valuable and generous aid to the Commission, and in this respect is deserving of special mention. The other roads in the State were also liberal in their treatment of the Commission, and helped to make this section attractive. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 91 FISH SECTION. It was intended to include in the Iowa display an exhibit of the fish interests of the State, but Commissioner Aldrich, of Anamosa, and Superintendent Mosher, of the Spirit Lake hatching-house, upon investigating the matter, decided that such a display was not practi- cable in view of the limited funds at their command. LIVE STOCK. The liberal premium offered by the Exposition for live stock en- couraged the many breeders of fine animals in Iowa to early consider the matter of making a display. Col. John Scott, of Story county, was placed in charge of this section of the exhibit, and soon opened communication with live stock raisers in all parts of the State, and with good results. As the time for shipping approached, well- founded reports gained currency as to the danger of taking horses, cattle, etc., so far south, and the exhibit contemplated, upon confer- ence, was abandoned. Col. Scott, however, issued an interesting cir- cular, giving a review of the live stock industry of Iowa. The State was not without a representation in this department, as J. Murray Hoag, of Maquoketa, made an exhibit of Shetland ponies, and C. N. Holmes & Co., of Grinnell, of swine. 92 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. PRIVATE EXHIBITS. CLUTE & SMITH. The exhibit of L. G. Clute, of Manchester, and E. H. Smith, of Dubuque, two well known Iowa agricultural exhibitors, was certainly the largest and finest of the kind entered for competition in the main building, and their display was accorded a large number of first premiums that still further add to the credit of Iowa. Of their many premiums are the following : Best bushel of barley, of any class, first premium $ 5.00 Best bushel red winter wheat, first premium 5.00 Best bushel spring wheat, first premium 5.00 Best bushel winter rye, first premium 5.00 Best bushel white spring rye, first premium 5.00 Best bushel black spring rye, first premium &.00 Best bushel black winter oats, first premium 5.00 Best bushel oats, any kind, first premium 5.00 Best bushel corn, first premium 5.00 Best collection of potatoes (Kidney formed) Western States or Territories, first premium 10.00 Best bushel of potatoes, round formed, first premium 10.00 Best bushel potatoes, first premium 10.00 Best radishes, first premium 3.00 Best squashes, first premium 4 . . 3.00 Best turnips, first premium 3.00 Best bushel of timothy, first premium 10.00 Best bushel of blue grass, first premium 5.00 Best bushed of clover, first premium 5.00 Best collection of garden culture, first premium 60.00 Best exhibition of vegetables, first premium 5.00 Best bushel red top, first premium 10.00 Best bushel orchard grass 10.00 Mr. Clute was also assistant superintendent in the agricultural section of the State exhibits, where his knowledge of the work was early manifested. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 93 REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS. In addition to the display, from Iowa, which afforded a splendid opportunity for strangers to examine the products and resources of the State, there was distributed many copies of the reports of the several departments of the State in Iowa and other literature bearing upon the State. The State Board of Health, through its secretary, L. F. Andrews, issued a valuable pamplet, and Superintendent Akers, and other members of the Commission prepared circulars upon their departments that were widely read. A valuable and handsome publication entitled the " Resources and Products of Iowa," was issued by Mr. J. F. Bushnell, secretary of the Des Moines Board of Trade, and proved a valuable advertisement for the State. The copies sent . to the Commission at New Orleans were carefully distributed. 94 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. IOWA DAY. STATE CELEBRATIONS. A very prominent feature of the Exposition was the observance of certain days specially designated for the purpose of recognizing the resources of each State and Territory, by the formal presentation of their displays to the official attention of the general management. Each " State Day " was selected by the United States Commissioner for his State, after due consultation with his governor and brother commissioners, and was made the occasion on which might be favor- ably presented to the public the peculiar advantages enjoyed by his State in the acquirement of desirable conditions of life. A special order of exercises was observed on these particular days; the cere- monies, consisting of addresses setting forth the resources and ma- terial prosperity of the State, made by the United States Commis- sioner and distinguished citizens, and the official acceptation on the part of the Exposition Management of the State Exhibit as a part of the general display. The exercises were either held in the vast Music Hall, or, as the weather grew warmer, beneath the branches of the magnificent grove of live oaks close to the Main Building. The ad- dresses were interspersed with music, and at their close some small article, appropriately marked, was distributed among the visitors as a souvenir of the occasion. Special invitations were extended to the official staff of the Exposition, the United States and State Commis- sioners, the Representatives of the United States, and foreign gov- ernments, and to distinguished individuals. In many instances a light reception was prepared for the invited guests. IOWA DAY. The presence in New Orleans of several hundred visiting lowans, and at Mobile, Alabama, of a large contingent of the Iowa National Guard, whither they had gone to participate in the international mil- itary drills, determined^the selection of May 13, 1885, as "Iowa Day," ana the following programme of exercises was accordingly arranged: EEPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 95 PROGRAMME. 9:30 A. M. Great Iowa Band, military companies, citizens and visitors meet on Canal street and proceeded under command of Gen. Bentley,by boat to Exposition. 11 A. M. Arriving at Exposition wharf, procession marches through main building to Iowa headquarters in government building. 11:30 A. M. United States Commissioners and assistants, and visitors gen- erally, under command of Major F. M. Clarke, form in body and join the main procession, which will move to the live oaks. UNDER THE OAKS 12:30 P. M. Music Iowa University Band. Address Herbert S. Fairall, U. S. Commissioner. Oration for the State Hon. Fred. Lehman, Des Moines. Music Dubuque Drum Corps. Introduction of a young Iowa lady Col. T. M. Owen, of Gov. Sherman's staff. Presentation by the Iowa lady to a Louisiana lady of a floral tribute. Music Eldora Band. Response and address Director-general E. A. Burke. Music Decorah Drum Corps. Address Major F. Clarke. Poem H. S. Kneedler, Cedar Rapids. Music Osage Band. Short speeches by U. S. Commissioners Mead. Holton, Sebring, Allen, Commissioner-general Speed and others. Music Consolidated Iowa Rand, led by Capt. McCosh. At 9 o'clock in the morning the lowans formed on Canal street, near Clay monument, and marched to the Clinton through a crowd of several thousand people. Commissioner Fairall and Assistant Com- missioner Chase, with Commissioner Pickering, of Connecticut, headed the procession, and were followed by Col. M. T. Owen, Capt. E. Cameron, Col. J. B. Wilson, of Governor Sherman's staff, and by Lieut. C. D. Ham, Capt. Libby, Major B. F. Kiernoff, Lieut. J. S. Clark, Major J. R. Prime, Lieut. Sweney, of Gen. Bentley's staff, and Capt. E. E. Brainerd, of the Iowa City militia all lowans. Then came the prince of band leaders, Capt McCosb, with his able assist- ants, heading the great consolidated Iowa band, with music that was pronounced on every hand, especially by the leader of the Mexican band, the finest ever heard in New Orleans from an American band. The effect of the procession was magnificent, and New Orleans peo- ple declared that no State day had furnished such a grand spectacle. 9$ WORLD'S EXPOSITION. The ride to the Exposition was made delightful with music and con- versation. At the wharf the party was met by a party of Exposition officials, and proceeded to the south entrance of the main building. The wonderful strains of the great band drew the people on the grounds to the procession, and the aisles of the monster building were crowded. At Acting Director- General Buck's office a halt was made, the band played " Dixie," and joined by Capt. Buck the procession moved on through the building over to and through the government building, halting in the aisle near the Iowa headquarters that were a bower of flags and flowers. The band broke ranks and the boys filed into the headquarters, where they were given some delicious lemon- ade, greatly appreciated after their long march. The United States Commissioners in a body were waiting near by, and tneir appearance in so large a number was an incident that made a deep impression upon, their brother Iowa Commissioner. After a few moments of conversation in the Iowa exhibit the pro- cession formed again, and under the marshalship of Major F. M. Clarke, started for the meeting-place. At the head marched the Iowa Commission, the great band followed, and in its rear marched the United States Commissioners. Down the long straight walk between the two buildings the procession marched with martial tread. On entering the main building the mammoth band burst into harmonious notes. The sound reverberated in the vaulted arches of the great edifice, and the population with one accord deserted their stands to line the aisle down which the cortege passed. Emerging from the building, the whole procession marched to the auditorium beneath the green canopy of the live oaks. Here the Commissioners and other distinguished guests ascended the platform, while the remainder of the people filled the seats about. The audience being fairly settled, there was great disappointment over the fact that the orator for the State of Iowa, Hon. Fred Leh- man, had found it impossible to be present, a telegram explaining his unavoidable absence being received and read. Commissioner Fairall, in place of Mr. Lehman, then delivered the address for Iowa as follows: FELLOW CITIZENS OF IOWA, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: A golden- haired daughter named Iowa has left her home or that rich sward ot prairie that is held in the embrace of the two great rivers of the continent and journeyed down the mighty Mississippi to join in the international festival that is given in honor of her regal mother, Louisiana. Beautiful is this REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 97 Iowa! She has come with music and festivity, arrayed in the glory and wealth of her fields, her factories and her mines, wearing in her crown the jewels of education, bearing in one hand evidences of what she has accomplished since she left the old homestead, and in the other a token of love for the parent from which she sprang. Happy, indeed, is Iowa! She meets her lovely sisters and her older and comely cousins of America, and other more distant relatives, under these sunny skies, in this great Exposi- tion, greets them most heartily and rejoices with them at the honors that have been showered upon her mother State, and especially congratulates them upon their prosperity and for the part that they have so successfully taken in making this World's Fair the grandest that earth has ever wit- nessed. Grateful is Iowa! To her mother, Louisiana, she returns thanks for the Hawkeye farm so generously set aside for her, a broad and billowy track of land, fenced on the east by the Mississippi, on the west by the Mis- souri, with fair Minnesota on the north and thriving Missouri on the south, containing 55,000 square miles, or nearly 36,000,000 acres of rich prairie, well watered with lakes, and well timbered with groves, and underlined with in- exhaustible mines of coal, lead, marble and rock. To her cousins, and to the great world besides, luwa is thankful for the assistance that has been rendered her in peopling, improving and in making the Hawkeye State a vertable garden spot. Proud is Iowa! Standing forth before this great assemblage of States and nations, she fears no charge of boasting when, in following the custom of other States, she tells of her progress and possessions. Had not unavoidable circumstances intervened, she would have been represented here to-day by her Governor, a Sherman, and the story of her greatness would have been told in the eloquence of a Lehman, one of her most gifted orators Pained as we are at the absence of these worthy representatives, it is a source of great gratification that among the large number of lowans now before us, there are those who can speak in fitting terms of their prairie home, and other friends who will delight in talking for Iowa. Especially will fair Iowa have worthy champions in the presence of a large number of the young men of the State, who are before us to-day, and whose fine bearing, martial step and delightful music have made their trip from the prairies to the plantations a continuous ovation, and whose love of Iowa and industry in her behalf insure her even a more wonderful growth for the next half century than she has enjoyed in the less than fifty years since she became a State. And what a wonderful past that has been! Accustomed, my friends, to hearing the strange stories of what has really taken place in the States and Territories that make up this great Union, it would seem to you that the boundaries of possibili- ties in this direction had indeed been reached, but we must ask you to briefly traverse the fairy land of Iowa and see if you are not only enter- tained and surprised, but if your love for, and confidence in, the greatness of this new State and of our common country is not increased. Here, under these moss-hanging oaks that typfy the tropical splendors of the South, under the flag that floats over a united Union, what more appropriate time and place could be designed for a greeting from Iowa to Louisiana! And 13 98 WORLD'S EXPOSITION. in its course what will please the old mother territory more than the recita- tion of the carreer of her daughter, Iowa, and a description of her wonder- ful and happy home? The history of Louisiana is a volume filled with the romance of early settlement; the poetry of commingled nations, the stern facts of civilization and the final triumphs of peace. We had all read it until we had dreamed of this land of oranges, cane and cotton, and had walked in imagination over this historic ground. But when Louisiana's beautiful and quaint city was made the center of the world by this Exposition we were enabled to leave our Iowa homes and come in person to the Crescent City. We found that pen and brush had never done their duty in depicting the city and State in their real greatness and grandeur. We have stepped from our cold hills and vales into a realm of beauty and into the homes and hearts of a most hospitable people. And in our coming we have helped, thank God, to show the whole world that along the great rivers, along the paths of iron, along the mountain high- ways and in every field and forest between the north and the south the evidences of sectional feeling have been obliterated. Iowa then comes to Louisiana with a smile on her face and a heart over- flowing with joy. She remembers that on a recent occasion, when Louisi- ana's greatest day was celebrated in these grounds how royally was the reception to the daughter States. Hence this greeting to-day, and to it we add that Louisiana must some day come to Iowa's home. The entire house will be thrown open, and the farm placed at your disposal. Iowa has not long been engaged in convert- ing her raw lands into the present high state of cultivation, but she has ac- complished wonders. Her residence is large and cosy, and shelters a family of nearly 2,000,000 people. Here is the kingdom where women so ably rule. The rooms are well ventilated and healthy, and nearly every one has a carpet on the floor. The walls and ceilings are decorated, and have paint- ings and pictures and maps on every hand. There is a library in every room, over 600 Iowa newspapers to read, and last, but not least, a Bible on every center table. The parlors can show as fine furniture as can be found in the world. The sitting rooms have their organs, pianos and sewing ma- chines, and the rockers of the soothing cradle keep time with the general hum of activity about the place. The dining-rooms and kitchen! ah! there you will oe at home, and never fear that the supply of good things will be exhausted. That is impossible, when you come out into the yard and look around the garden and barns and out over the farm. The cellar is full to overflowing, and the cribs and granaries are fairly bursting. Looking down the broad lanes that are shaded by 10,000,000 trees, set out by Iowa on her almost naked prairies, you will see the great corn fields, containing 7, 210,000 acres, where we raised 325,000,000 bushels of corn in 1884, more than was raised in any State in the Union. You will see the yellow field of more than two and a half millions acres of wheat, where the farmer last year rode on the harvester and cut 35,000,000 bushels. The oat patch has 2,084,378 acres, and last year its yield was 64,553,718 bushels. The meadows have a strip of blue grass that covers 3,5