a. ,s " RcQiramt HISTORY OF THE NINTH REGIMENT, Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, -THE IRISH REGIMENT," IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-65. THE RECORD OF A GALLANT COMMAND ON THE MARCH, IN BATTLE AND IN BIVOUAC. BY THOMAS HAMILTON MURRAY, i \ Secretary-General, American-Irish Historical Society ; Author of Papers "The Irish Element in Connecticut," "Early Irish in the Plymouth Colony," " The Irish Soldiers in King Philip's War," " From Dawn to Revolution," "Thirty Historic American Families," "The Irish at the Battle of Bunker Hill," " Early Irish Educators of American Youth," "The First Regiment, Penn- sylvania Line," "Gen. John Sullivan and the Battle of Rhode Island," etc., etc. THE PRICE, LEE & ADKINS Co. 1903. Copyright, 1903, by MICHAEL P. COEN, NAUGATUCK, CT., for the NINTH REGIMENT VETERAN ASSOCIATION, CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS. COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION OF THIS VOLUME. MICHAEL; P.* JOHN G.'H*EALY,'New' HaVe*n. f RICP]AM> FJT^ pjb&qij,: Bridgeport. LAWfeKcE ^BRIBN, : ^eW fiav'en. ROLLIN MCNEIL, M.D., New Haven. M198143 "It is hardly necessary for me to say that the conduct of your men meets my cordial approval, and I am proud of both officers and their command." GOVERNOR BUCKINGHAM, of Connecticut, to Colonel Cahill, after Biloxi and Pass Christian, 1862. "* * * Connecticut, represented by the sons of the ever green shamrock, * * *" GEN. BENJAMIN F. BUTLER, in 1862, General Orders, Department of the Gulf. "The Ninth, Col. Thomas W. Cahill, is still attached to the Department of the Gulf. In the part taken by this regiment in the several engagements in which it has par- ticipated, it has fully sustained the character for gallantry and energy which it possessed at the close of my last report." Adjutant-General, State of Connecticut, 1862-3. To The Officers And Men, Living And Dead, of The Ninth Regiment, Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, Whose Services In The Great Civil War Contributed So Much To The Preservation of The Union, This Volume Is Cordially Dedicated. 8 PREFACE. a captain in the regiment, was at one time during the war, provost marshal and judge of the Parish of Saint James, La. Michael P. Coen was a corporal in Com- pany F, of the regiment. His father and brother both lost their lives in the service. Rollin McNeil, M.D., New Haven, of the committee, was an assistant surgeon in the Regiment, and was later Surgeon of the Ninth Bat- talion, C. V. In addition to material received from the committee, valuable data has been furnished by Major Patrick Maher, a veteran of the Twenty-Fourth regiment, C. V. Major Maher was one of the founders, in 1849, f the Washington-Erina Guards, of New Haven, and was later an officer of the Emmet Guard of that place. As an authority on Irish military organizations in Connecti- cut he stands unexcelled. The author is also indebted to the Hon. John F. Hur- ley, recently mayor of Salem, Mass., who served in the Fourth Massachusetts Light Battery during the war. This battery was encamped at Camp Chase, Lowell, Mass., with the Ninth Regiment, C. V., and accompanied it on the Constitution to Ship Island. Mr. Hurley has furnished the writer a statement of many interesting facts, and has otherwise expressed his interest in this work. To the Hon. James P. Bree, New Haven, State Auditor of Connecticut, acknowledgment is likewise made for valuable assistance rendered, and also to Gen. Thomas McManus, of Hartford. This latter gentleman was a major in the Twenty-Fifth Regiment, C. V., during the Civil War, having also been adjutant of the regiment. From Jan., 1883, to Jan., 1885, he was Quartermaster- General of Connecticut, with the rank of Brigadier-Gen- eral. Thanks for data received are also extended Thomas M. CahilL M.D., of New Haven, a son of Colonel Cahill, and to Dr. Patrick Cassidy, of Norwich. Dr. Cassidy was Surgeon-General on the staff of Governor Luzon B. PREFACE, 9 Morris of Connecticut, ranking also as Brigadier-Gen- eral. Much information has been obtained, too, from files of Hartford, New Haven, Bridgeport and other Connecticut journals published during the war. Official publications issued by the State and National governments have been consulted. Collections of letters written home from the front have been placed at the author's disposal and from this source, too, many interesting facts have been gleaned. Access has also been had to regimental and company papers, thus greatly facilitating the work of the author. The interest displayed by the public in the preparation of the present volume has been most gratifying. The author has received hearty co-operation on every hand. The kindliest sentiments have been expressed, and the most cordial inquiries made, from time to time, regard- ing the progress of the work. T. H. M. New Haven, Ct., August, 1903. AN INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. EARLY IRISH MILITARY OFFICERS IN CONNECTICUT MENTION OF CAPT. DANIEL PATRICK IN 1637 IRISH NAMES IN 1729, 1756, 1767 AND AT OTHER PERIODS MANY CONNECTICUT IRISH SERVE IN THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE, IN THE WAR OF l8l2 AND IN THE CONFLICT WITH MEXICO IRISH COMPANIES DISBANDED BY THE KNOW NOTHING ADMINISTRA- TION, 1855. T RISH settlers are found in Connecticut at a very early A period. Some of them participated in campaigns against the Indians. Captain Daniel Patrick, who had served in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, came here dur- ing the Pequod war, 1637, and rendered effective service. He is believed to have been an Irishman. One writer inclines to the opinion that his name was originally Gill- patrick or Fitzpatrick, and that he probably went from Ireland to the Low Countries and rendered military ser- vice there before coming to America. Capt. Patrick became one of the founders of what is now the town of Greenwich, Ct. He eventually swore allegiance to the Dutch government and was granted the rights of a "patroon" in Greenwich and vicinity. His wife was a woman of Dutch blood. A number of Irish soldiers from Connecticut partici- pated in "The Great Swamp Fight," in 1675, during King Philip's war. This fight took place in southern Rhode Island and resulted in a severe defeat for the Indians. Among the Connecticut soldiers mentioned as taking part in the battle were: James Murphy, Daniel Tracy, Edward Larkin, James Welch and John Roach. The latter is referred to in the Norwalk records as "a soldier in the late Indian war," and was granted a tract of land as a gratuity. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. IX Quite a number of military officers bearing Irish names are identified with the colonial history of Connecticut. Thus, we find: Capt. John Lyoti, (Greenwich), 1728; Capt. Joseph Keeny, (Preston), 1729; Ensign John Keeny, (New London), 1730; Ensign Richard Keeny, (Glastonbury), 1731; Lieut. James Tracy, 1756; Lieut. Daniel Lyon, 1756; Lieut. David Lacey, 1756; Capt. Timothy Hierlehy, 1758; Lieut. James McGunnigall, Jr., 1759; Lieut. Cornelius Higgins, (Haddam), 1759; Capt. Daniel Tracy, (Norwich), 1759; Lieut. Joseph Tracy, (Norwich), 1759; Lieut. Patrick Walsh, 1759; Lieut. Roger Riley, 1767; Capt. Thaddeus Lacy, (Woodbury), 1769, and a number of others. The Rev. James H. O'Donnell, now of Norwalk, Ct., in his History of the Catholic Church in the Diocese of Hartford, goes extensively into this subject of early Irish people in Connecticut, and to his work we are indebted for a number of facts set forth in this chapter. As the volume on which we are here engaged is a military one, however, we are confining our labors almost entirely to that line of narrative. There is a mass of material at hand concerning pioneers and Irish settlers, generally, in Connecticut, from 1640 down, but such does not come within the scope of the present work. At the outbreak of the Revolution, the Irish and their descendants were very numerous in Connecticut, and it has been estimated that fully one thousand of them en- listed in the patriot ranks. The Revolutionary rolls of the State are replete with Irish names. In the "Lexing- ton Alarm List," 1775, of Connecticut men, are found such names as : Fitzgerald, Gleason, Griffin, Kennedy, Manning, Martin, Murphy, McCartee, McMullen, Riley and the like. In every Connecticut regiment, during the Revolution, Irish names abound. And this applies not only to the regiments serving more especially within the State, but also to the Connecticut regiments of the Con- tinental Line. 12 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. The Connecticut rolls relating to the War of 1812 also contain many Irish names, the bearers being from New Haven, Hartford, New London, Norwich, Groton, Strat- ford, Litchfield, Bridgeport, Middletown, Danbury and other parts of the State. Many of these served in the Regular Army, especially in the Twenty-Fifth Infantry and in the Thirty-Seventh Infantry. In the war with Mexico, Connecticut men of Irish blood were likewise represented in the Regular Army. They were found in the First and Second artillery regi- ments ; and in the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth and Tenth regiments of infantry; also in other organizations. THE WASHINGTON-ERINA GUARDS OF NEW HAVEN. On July 31, 1849, a meeting of those interested in a projected Irish company was held in the Glebe building, corner of Church and Chapel streets, New Haven. Capt. James Quinn was chairman of the meeting, and John Duffy, secretary. The organization was named the Washington-Erina Guards. Provision was made for drilling the men and the company made good progress. After drills had been in progress some time, Col. John Arnold, of the Second Regiment, requested the members of the company to pe- tition Governor Trumbull for a charter and to have the organization taken into the service of the State as part of Col. Arnold's regiment, as there was a vacancy for a company in the latter. In accordance with Col. Arnold's request, a petition to Governor Trumbull was drafted Feb. 8, 1850, and was signed by John Duffy, Thomas Newman, James Gal- lagher, William Geary, Francis McBryan, John Maher, Barney Galligan, Patrick Maher, James Brady, Patrick W. Kennefick, Daniel Crowley, James Banning, Michael Shields, Stephen Flynn, Geoffrey Ahearn, Rendles Sheilds, 1 Edward Hamel, Thomas W. Cahill, Thomas Spelled elsewhere as Randal and Randall Shields. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 13 Preston and John L. Duffy. This petition, however, was never forwarded to Governor Trumbull, as it was thought the incoming governor (Seymour) would be more likely to grant the desired recognition. Governor Seymour did so in March, 1852, the organization becoming officially known as Company E, of the Second Regiment. The officers commissioned were to take rank from March 17, that year, and comprised: Captain, John Duffy; First Lieutenant, Thomas W. Cahill; Second Lieutenant, Randal Shields ; Third Lieutenant, Peter Hanley. The company established an armory at the corner of Water and Fleet streets, New Haven, purchased its own uni- forms, and received flint-lock muskets from the State. These muskets it continued to use until an order came in August, 1854, from John C. Hollister, then Adjutant- General of the State, requesting the company to return the muskets to the arsenal, in Hartford, and stating that the command would be supplied with percussion-lock muskets instead. The old muskets were thereupon re- turned and the new ones received. A strict rule for admission to the company was that the applicant must be a native, or a naturalized citizen, of the United States. The company paraded with the regi- ment, attended the regimental encampments, went to Hartford to attend Governor Seymour's inauguration, one year, and was hospitably entertained by the people of that city. The company became very popular through- cut the State, and received many compliments on its drill and general soldierly bearing. The organization of the Washington-Erina Guards took place, as has been stated, on July 31, 1849. Of the original members, the following were still living, Aug. 8, 1899, fifty years after: William Geary, Peter Sheridan, Thomas Preston, Michael McCarten, James Daly, Patrick Maher, John Cummisky, Thomas Layden, Michael Hughson, John Conlin, Jeremiah Donovan, James Wrinn, Daniel Carroll, Michael Gilhuly, Timothy I4 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Fogarty, Patrick Garvey, and Daniel J. Crowley, seven- teen in all. John Cummisky, one of these survivors, died in Chicago, 111., Jan. 8, 1900. MENTION OF OTHER IRISH COMPANIES. In the meantime, another military organization was formed, in New Haven, known as the Jackson Guards, composed, like the Washington-Erina Guards, of men of Irish birth or descent. The new organization was an off- shoot of the Washington-Erina Guards, the requirements for admission being practically the same. The first cap- tain of the Jacksons was Patrick Garvey. The Jacksons were attached to the Second Regiment as Company D. There was also an Irish company, attached to the militia, at this time, in Hartford ; one in Bridgeport ; one in Derby (Birmingham), and one in Norwich. These companies were composed of an excellent class of citi- zens, and in drill, discipline, and every other respect, were a credit to the State. According to an official roster of the State militia, the officers of these six Irish companies were, in December, 1854, as follows: Infantry Company F, First Regiment, Hartford, (Emmet Guards), Captain, Edward McManus ; First Lieutenant, James McHugh ; Second Lieutenant, Michael Collins ; Third Lieutenant, Cornelius Ryan. Infantry Company E, Second Regiment, New Haven, (Washington-Erina Guards), Captain, Thomas W. Cahill ; First Lieutenant, Patrick Maher; Second Lieutenant, Randall Shields ; Third Lieutenant, Michael McCarten. Infantry Company D, Second Regiment, New Haven, (Jackson Guards), Captain, (vacancy) ; First Lieutenant, Peter Sheridan ; Second Lieutenant, John Scanlan ; Third Lieutenant, Michael Hughson. Infantry Company C, Third Regiment, Norwich, (Jackson Guards), Captain, Patrick McKiernan ; First Lieutenant, James Williams ; Second Lieutenant, Thomas O'Rourke ; Third Lieutenant, John Gaffney. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 15 Rifle Company B, Second Regiment, Derby, (Bir- mingham), (Derby Rifles), Captain Patrick McMahon; First Lieutenant, Hugh McGowen; Second Lieutenant, Michael Stevens; Third Lieutenant, Patrick Moneghan. Infantry Company B, Eighth Regiment, Bridgeport, (Montgomery Guards), Captain, M. O'Connell ; First Lieutenant, John Fox; Second Lieutenant, Edward N. Goodwin; Third Lieutenant, Richard Sewell. At the time the foregoing companies were disbanded, in 1855, Infantry Company D, Second Regiment, New Haven, was commanded by Lieut. John Maher, Jr., the captaincy being vacant. With this, and possibly one or two other exceptions, the companies had, doubtless, the same officers as in December, 1854. THE DISBANDMENT OF THE COMPANIES. William T. Minor, of Stamford, was elected Governor of Connecticut by the Know Nothings and held the office for two years, 1855-57. During his administration steps were taken to disband the six Irish companies in the militia and these steps were carried into effect. Henry J. Gardner, the Know Nothing Governor of Massachusetts, also issued an order disbanding the Irish companies of the militia in the Bay State. Benjamin F. Butler was at that time colonel of a Massachusetts regi- ment. In this regiment was an Irish company the Jackson Musketeers, of Lowell. Butler refused to pro- mulgate the disbanding order to his regiment, quoted the military law of the State, and challenged the Governor to bring him before a court-martial. Governor Gardner did not dare accept the challenge. He did, however, issue an order dismissing Butler from command of the regiment, but Butler refused to be dismissed and again appealed to the law. Again the Know Nothing admin- istration halted, nonplussed by Butler's masterly knowl- edge of the law relating to the case. Finally, Governor Gardner and his accessories found 1 6 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. a way out of their dilemma. The regiments constituting the militia were reorganized, renumbered and relocated. Butler was thus frozen out, and the Irish companies throughout the State had to suffer. Butler, however, soon achieved a great triumph over the Know Nothing governor. In a short time after the reorganization of a brigade, the field officers got together to elect a brigadier general as they were by law authorized to do. They elected Butler to the position, much to the chagrin of the Governor and his supporters. Governor Gardner was obliged to sign Butler's commission as brigadier-general, and had he hesitated or refused to do so, the General would have promptly got after him with a mandamus or taken some other equally prompt step. On August i, 1855, Capt. Ruckoldt of the New Haven City Guards, (a German company), stood on the corner of Chapel and Orange streets, New Haven. As Capt. Thomas W. Cahill and Lieut. Patrick Maher of the Washington-Erina Guards approached, Capt. Ruckoldt said, in substance, to Capt. Cahill that he (Ruckoldt) had met Governor Minor in the lodge, the previous night, and had learned that the Governor was going to disband all the Irish companies giving no reasons but that he was going to retain the German company. This information greatly interested his two hearers. The fact that the Irish companies, composed of American citizens, were to be disbanded, and that the German com- pany, among whose members there were not over ten citizens the rest being aliens was to be retained, was especially significant. Capt. Ruckoldt's statement proved quite accurate. Gov. Minor, however, experienced some difficulty in having his disbanding order promulgated. The Irish companies had many friends in the State, even among the old-line stock. The Governor discussed his scheme with John C. Hollister, Adjutant-General of the State, with the result that Hollister got out of office. But WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. I? Minor was determined to go ahead. So, Justin Hodge of Barkhamsted, a veteran of the Mexican war, was made adjutant-general to succeed Hollister. Without loss of time, the Governor issued the following: OFFICE OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, STAMFORD, August 24, 1855. JUSTIN HODGE, ESQ., Adjutant-General. DEAR SIR : Military Companies organized as foreign Companies, and composed entirely of the foreign born, are believed to be detrimental to the military interests of our State, and their continuance inconsistent with the spirit of our Institutions, therefore, in pursuance with the authority vested in the Commander-in-Chief by Sec- tion 26 of the statute law 1 of this State, passed May ses- sion, 1854, entitled, an Act for Forming and Conducting the Military Force, the following Companies being com- posed of the foreign born, viz : Infantry Company F, Hartford, First Regiment. C, Norwich, Third D, New Haven, Second " E, New Haven, Second " Rifle B, Birmingham, Infantry B, Bridgeport, Eighth are hereby disbanded. You will issue the necessary orders for the purpose of disbanding each of the foregoing Companies, and notify the Quartermaster-General of the same, that the arms and equipments of each of said Companies belonging to the State may be returned to the Arsenal. Respectfully yours, (Signed) WILLIAM T. MINOR, Commander-in-Chief of tJie Connecticut Militia. 1 The following is a copy of the law referred to : AN ACT FOR FORMING AND CONDUCTING THE MILITARY FORCE, MAY SESSION, 1854. Section 26. The commander-in-chief is hereby fully authorized and empow- ered to disband any military company or band, as the interest of the militia in his opinion may require; to discharge commissioned and non-comissioned officers, and all other persons who have performed the duty required by this act, or who, from incom- petence or other cause, have failed to perform their duty; to delegate to the major- general and brigadier-generals the power to discharge officers and other persons, and generally to exercise all the powers necessary to carry into full effect the provision of this act. jg NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Adjutant-General Hodge refused to promulgate the foregoing, and resigned. The Governor was then obliged to get another adjutant-general to do his bid- ding. He selected Joseph D. Williams for the position, and this gentleman did the work required, as the follow- ing order shows : ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, HARTFORD, Sept. 25, 1855. In pursuance of the foregoing order directed to Gen- eral Justin Hodge, dated Aug. 24, 1855, the following Companies have been disbanded, viz: Infantry Company F, Hartford, ist Regiment. C, Norwich, 3rd D, New Haven, 2d E, New Haven, 2d Rifle ' B, Birmingham, 2d Infantry B, Bridgeport, 8th and orders have been issued and directed to the com- manders of the Companies with the Colonels of their respective Regiments. (Signed) J. D. WILLIAMS, A djutant-GeneraL The same day, Sept. 25, Williams issued an order to each commander of the six companies, notifying him that his company was "this day disbanded," and directing him to return State property to the Arsenal at Hartford. The following is a copy of the order issued at this time to Capt. McKiernan, of Norwich : ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, HARTFORD, Sept. 25, 1855. PATRICK MCKIERNAN, ESQ., Capt. Com'd'g Company C. $rd Regt., Connecticut Militia, SIR: By order of the Commander-in-Chief, Infantry Com- pany C, 3rd Regt., Connecticut Militia, is this day dis- banded. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. I9 In pursuance of the above order you are hereby directed to deliver all of the property belonging to the State in your possession to the Quartermaster-General at the State Arsenal at Hartford. Yours, &c., (Signed) J. D. WILLIAMS, A d jut ant-General. The orders to the commanders of the five other com- panies were similar in phraseology, and were addressed, respectively, to Capt. Thomas W. Cahill, Capt. Edward McManus, Capt. M. O'Connell, Capt. Patrick McMahon, and Lieut. John Maher, Jr. Adjutant-General Williams also issued the following: ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, HARTFORD, Sept. 25, 1855. LEVI WOODHOUSE, ESQ., Quartermaster-General. SIR: ~ By order of the Commander-in-Chief, the following named companies have been this day disbanded, viz : Infantry Company F, Hartford, ist Regiment. C, Norwich, 3rd D, New Haven, 2d E, New Haven, 2d Rifle B, Birmingham, 2d Infantry B, Bridgeport, 8th and the arms and equipments of said companies belong- ing to the State have been ordered into your Office. If they should not be forthcoming you will take early meas- ures to enquire into the cause. Yours, &c., (Signed) J. D. WILLIAMS, A djutant-General. The clisbandment of the Irish companies occasioned great dissatisfaction throughout the State. The New Haven Register, speaking of Capt. Cahill and his com- pany (the Washington-Erina Guards, Co. E, Second Regiment), said: 20 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. "Capt. C. is himself a native of New England was born within a stone's throw of Bunker Hill, and came with his parents to this city, before he was a year old and has steadily resided here since. He is as intelligent and patriotic as Gov. Minor, and in every sense as good a citizen. He is one of the best officers in the State, and every member of his company is a naturalized citizen. No breach of duty is charged upon them ; no unsoldierly act is alleged; no disrespect of superior officers; no contempt of orders ; no evidence of want of at- tachment to the country ; but a full compliance by them with all the militia laws is conceded. We hardly know which is the most despicable the injustice of the act, or the hypocrisy which attempts to excuse it. "The injustice of such a step is the more apparent when it is remembered that by the law under which this com- pany was mustered and enrolled, it is provided that any person who shall serve seven years in any company, shall be exempt from the poll tax, and at the expiration of that term, from military duty. Here are men, then, who served with fidelity nearly four years, been at great expense for dress and equipments, devoting their time and money to the service of this State, turned off without a decent apology for the act, and the contract meanly abrogated! We have no patience with such demagog- ism. The young men thus attempted to be disgraced, are among the most industrious of our mechanics most of whom either came here in infancy, or were born upon the soil and are 'American citizens,' as much as Gov. Minor or his supple Adjutant, and as worthy of confi- dence. The indignation felt by all classes of our citizens, (outside of the 'midnight conclave' where the order originated), is intense ; and the authors of it have only added another mill-stone to the weight which is rapidly sinking them to an infamy as merited as it is fathomless." The Bridgeport Farmer, Oct. 2, 1855, referring to the Montgomery Guards of that city, another of the dis- WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 2 i banded companies, said : "This Company B, as it is here called, known in this city by the name of Montgomery Guards, was formed in 1852, by Captain Coates, a nat- uralized Irishman, who had been an officer of some grade, or a drill master, in the United States Army. Mr. Coates was a very zealous whig, and in all party matters, was particularly intimate with Mr. John M. Wilson, now one of the principal managers of the Know Nothing Inquisi- tion in this city. All the members of the company are of Irish parentage, we believe, though some of them are natives of this country. Those of them who were not born here, have, we are told, been duly naturalized, and of course, are entitled to all the rights and privileges, as well as to all the name of American citizens. They are all, we understand, industrious and skillful mechanics, * * * * They have expended a considerable amount of money to equip themselves with uniforms, etc., and devoted much time to the study and practice of infan- try tactics. As a company, and as individuals, they have discharged, promptly and faithfully, all the duties that are required by law, and at the regimental muster, made as fine an appearance, we are informed, as any company on the field. In actual service, we have no doubt, they would shed their blood and sacrifice their lives as heroically, in defence of American liberty, as any other company in this State, not excepting even Captain Minor's favorite company, the Stamford Guards. * * "The ground on which this disbandment was first at- tempted to be justified, was, that these companies were composed chiefly of persons not naturalized. But it does not appear, from all we can learn, that this is true in relation to any considerable number. Indeed, nearly all who were born abroad, have been duly naturalized, and taken the Elector's oath, to support the Constitution of this State, and of the United States while a consid- erable portion of them are natives of this or some of the neighboring States and all devotedly attached to our 22 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. country and her free institutions. It cannot, therefore, with any show of truth, be said that there is the least ground for apprehension on account of any allegiance they may owe or be supposed to owe to any foreign power. Nor does it appear that they have been disobe- dient soldiers or refractory citizens. * * * This disbandment was so entirely uncalled for and un- justifiable, that two Adjutant- Generals refused to obey the order of the Governor for that purpose, which was issued contrary to the advice and remonstrances of some of the best military men in the State. The decree had been uttered, however, by the Know Nothing Inqui- sition, and Governor Minor was required to see it en- forced." The animus of the Know Nothings against the Irish companies had a racial and religious basis. These com- panies were Irish and Catholic. The "foreign" company retained was German and Protestant. The fact that the Irish companies were composed of American citizens, and the German company mainly of aliens, counted for nothing with the dark-lantern plotters. The tactics of the latter, however, were short-lived. The Know Noth- ing party was soon tumbled from power. The Washington-Erina Guards, after their disband- ment in 1855, as a military company, continued to meet as a social organization, until May 18, 1857, when a new organization was formed in New Haven. This was the famous Emmet Guard of that place. 'Present at the meeting for organization were representatives of the Washington-Erina and Jackson Guards, the latter of which had also been disbanded in 1855, and several prom- inent adopted citizens. Capt. Patrick Maher was chair- man of the meeting, and Michael McCarten was secre- tary. A committee was appointed to> solicit funds, it was decided to name the new organization the Emmet Guard, and John Bell was engaged to make the uniforms. Capt. Maher, as a committee to purchase muskets, subsequently WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 23 waited upon Eli Whitney and bought the required num- ber of guns at $3 each. They were of an old pattern, but answered the purpose very well. The Emmets became a very successful organization, acquired great proficiency in drill and was one of the best known military com- panies in the State. On July 30, 1859, the Emmet Guard received in New Haven, as guests, the Irish Fusiliers, (Co. A, 6o,th Reg't, New York), at that time commanded by Capt. Michael Corcoran, who afterwards became a General and was in command of Corcoran's Irish Legion. The Emmets entertained the Fusiliers in New Haven over July 31 and Aug. i, and displayed true Irish hospitality. The company orders issued to> the Emmets, for this occasion, were signed by "Thomas W. Cahill, Commandant," and "P. McLaughlin, Orderly Sergeant." These orders stated that the Hibernian, Montgomery, and Carmen societies of New Haven would also participate, on the evening of July 30, in the reception to the visiting organization. In 1860, the Emmets made a return visit to New York as the guests of the Fusiliers and were handsomely treated. The Emmets continued drilling and perfecting them- selves in general military knowledge. They had a full set of regimental officers, so that when the War of the Rebellion broke out there was material and ability enough in the organization to officer a regiment or a brigade. The Emmet Guard, of New Haven, was a nucleus in the formation of the Ninth Regiment, C. V., in the Civil War, and furnished two or three companies and sixteen commissioned officers to the cause of the Union. These officers were as follows. FORMER RANK. NAME. REGIMENT. RANK. Captain, Thomas W. Cahill, Ninth Conn., \ C ! ". Ac * m ( Brig. -Gen. Captain, Patrick Maher, Twenty-Fourth Conn., Major. Second Lieut., Michael McCarten, Ninth Conn., Captain. Commissary, M.A.Williams, Ninth Conn., Captain. Pioneer, John Carroll, Ninth Conn., First Lieut. 24 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. FORMER RANK. Orderly Sergt. Sergeant, Corporal, Corporal, Private, Private, Private, Private, Private, Private, Private, NAME. , J. P. Hennessey, John Shaw, T. Sheridan, Francis McKeon, John G. Healy, Lawrence O'Brien, John J. Kealy, John Murphy, John McCusker, James Lawler, F. H. Gallagher, REGIMENT. Ninth Conn., Twenty-Fourth Conn., Ninth Conn., Ninth Conn., Ninth Conn. , Ninth Conn., Twenty-Fourth Conn., Twenty- Fourth Conn. , Ninth Conn., Ninth Conn., Ninth Conn., RANK. Captain. Second Lieut. Captain. First Lieut. Lieut. -Colonel. Captain. Captain. First Lieut. Second Lieut. Second Lieut. Second Lieut. COL. THOMAS W. CAM ILL. (Reproduced from a War-Time Print). CHAPTER I. ORGANIZATION OF THE NINTH SOME PRELIMINARY EVENTS LEADING THERETO ACTIVITY OF IRISH- AMERICANS IN THE CAUSE OF THE UNION THE FLAG DISPLAYED ON CATHOLIC CHURCH EDIFICES PATRI- OTIC ACTION BY THE REV. THOMAS F. HENDRICKEN AND OTHER PRIESTS GOVERNOR BUCKINGHAM FAVORS THE RAISING OF AN IRISH REGIMENT THOMAS W. CAHILL IS MADE COLONEL. THE War of the Rebellion, 1861-1865, was one of the greatest conflicts in all history. Huge armies were engaged, and the naval operations were also conducted on a vast scale. Connecticut was one of the most loyal of states. She responded promptly to the calls of President Lincoln for defenders of the Union, and is credited with over 54,000 enlistments. As the poet John Boyle O'Reilly sings: " Thrice blest the nation that has every son A soldier, ready for the warning sound ; Who marches homeward when the fight is done, To swing the hammer and to till the ground. "Call back that morning, with its lurid light, When through our land the awful war bell tolled ; When lips were mute, and women's faces white As the pale cloud that out from Sumter rolled. " Call back that morn : an instant all were dumb, As if the shot had struck the Nation's life ; Then cleared the smoke, and rolled the calling drum, And men streamed in to meet the coming strife." No class of Connecticut men volunteered with greater alacrity than those of Irish birth or descent. It has been estimated that between 7,000 and 8,000 of this ele- 26 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. ment alone, enlisted into the various regiments that went to the front from the State. They were represented in the infantry, cavalry, and artillery. Many Connecticut men of Irish lineage also enlisted into organizations credited to other states and many more rendered valiant service in the navy. Many were killed in battle and thus cemented their devotion to the Republic with their blood. Others, per- ished of wounds or disease, while still others returned home crippled for life. But the Nation was preserved and so their sacrifices were not in vain. A grateful people will long remember its Irish heroes who wore the blue. Soon after the outbreak of the war, Connecticut began organizing regiments and sending them forward to sup- port the Flag. Young men of Irish birth or extraction enlisted in these early regiments by the hundred, and were as zealous as any descendant of the Pilgrim or the Puritan to fight for the maintenance of the Union. At frequent intervals, notices were published in the daily papers, throughout the State, requesting patriotic young Irishmen to attend meetings, here and there, for the pur- pose of organizing military companies. Prominent men of Irish extraction participated in great "war meetings," the Stars and Stripes were displayed on Catholic church edifices, priests addressed their flocks on the great issues of the hour, and everywhere a spirit of earnest patriotism was manifested. The insult offered the Irish element by the Know Nothing administration, in 1855, when the six companies were disbanded, was forgiven, if not for- gotten, now that the life of the Nation was at stake. In the New Haven Palladium, April 20, 1861, appeared the following : "Our Irish fellow-citizens are strong in their patriotic devotion to the country of their adoption, At a very en- thusiastic meeting of the Emmet Guard last evening [in New Haven] it was determined to offer their services to the Government as soon as they shall have been recog- nized as citizens and soldiers by the Governor. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 27 "The McGowan Guards, too, a target company, formed some two years ago, will tender their services as soon as the Emmets shall have done so, and the two companies will prove themselves among the best of the soldiers who are to fight for the flag." In its issue of April 22, 1861, the Palladium said: "We are glad to hear that Governor Buckingham, in a letter to Captain Cahill, of the Emmet Guard, has informed him that the officers chosen by that company shall be fully commissioned immediately upon being reported by the Adjutant-General, without the usual formalities attending the organization of military com- panies." In the Palladium for May 15, 1861, appeared the fol- lowing notice: "All patriotic young Irishmen who desire to defend the flag of their adopted country, and to serve for three years, or during the war, are requested to meet at Hibernian Hall, [New Haven], this evening, at 7 o'clock. Particulars given by M. A. Williams, as per instructions. It is intended to attach this company to Colt's Regiment, to- be armed with Colt's Rifles. We understand that this regiment will be commanded by United States officers." In its issue the next day, May 16, 1861, the Palladium, referring to this meeting, said : "The military meeting at Hibernian Hall last evening was large and enthusi- astic. Mr. Michael A. Williams was elected Chairman, and John Brown, secretary. This meeting was held for the purpose of organizing a military company for three years' service. The meeting adjourned to meet this evening at Healy's Hotel, in Broad street, where those who wish to enlist can have the opportunity." On April 25, 1861, the Palladium notes that "A mag- nificent American flag was last night hoisted on the spire of St. Patrick's church on Grand street [New Haven]. It shows as have many similar demonstrations that our adopted citizens are with us in the support of the Government." 28 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Early in the war, the Rev. Thomas F. Hendricken, of Waterbury, Ct., (afterwards bishop of the diocese of Providence, R. I.), called a meeting of the young men of his parish. The meeting was held in the basement of the church and a military company was organized and its services offered to Governor Buckingham. It was in- tended to serve for three months. As the short-time regiments were then full, the company waited and was finally mustered into the Ninth. The Croffut-Morris history of Connecticut in the Rebellion, speaking of Waterbury's part in helping the cause of the Union, states that a company, the City Guard, of that place, was promptly recruited to the maximum and its services offered to the Governor. On April 20, 1861, "it left for New Haven, being escorted to the depot by an immense crowd of citizens and civil societies, and a speech of fare- well being made by Rev. Mr. Hendricken of the Catholic church." The same work also states that about the same time, "A beautiful American flag was raised over the old Catholic church, [in Waterbury] ; the three hundred Catholic pupils, under the direction of the Misses Slater, participating in the patriotic ceremonies. The Irish Catholics assembled, and fifty voted to volunteer." One of the leading spirits at a great war meeting in Middletown, Ct., at this time, was M. H. Griffin, a promi- nent Democrat. He "was a loyal Irish-American of wealth and influence in Middletown, and he gave all his efforts to the work of prosecuting the war. He incited a spirit of patriotism by personal appeals in the street and in the workshop, gave freely of his money and his time, and zealously promoted the work of organization and equipment for the front." In the Croffut-Morris history, already quoted, it is stated that "A fine company of Irishmen from Norwich was raised for the Fifth Regiment; but it finally joined the First New York Artillery. Capt. Thomas Maguire became major of the regiment, and was succeeded by WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 29 Capt. William A. Berry, killed in front of Petersburg. He in turn was succeeded by Capt. Thomas Scott of Nor- wich." Early in the war, the project of forming a distinctively Irish regiment, 1 in Connecticut, was suggested, and re- ceived the favorable consideration of Governor Bucking- ham. He thoroughly disapproved of the Know Nothing tactics, of 1855. His activity in securing justice for the companies that had been arbitrarily disbanded by Gov- ernor Minor also did credit to his head and heart. At the May session of the General Assembly, 1861, Mr. Gallagher of New Haven introduced in the House of Representatives, May 3, a joint resolution reinstating as a part of the military force of the State all regularly organized military companies, composed of foreign born citizens that were disbanded in 1855, and also reinstating their respective officers to take rank from the date of their several commissions ; also providing for paying said companies for armory rent, and the performance of mili- tary duty as if said companies had not been disbanded. "The resolution was read the first time, and by order of the House (the rule being dispensed with), the second time, and, on motion, was referred to the Joint Standing Committee on Military Affairs." Another extract from the Journal of the House, at this time, reads : "Tuesday Morning, May 28. The report of the Joint Standing Committee on Military Affairs, to whom was referred the joint resolution reinstating as a part of the military force of this State all regularly organ- ized military companies, composed of foreign born citi- 1 There were many Irish regiments in the Union army during the war. Among them were the Tenth New Hampshire, Ninth Massachusetts, Twenty-eighth Massa- chusetts, Thirty-seventh New York, Sixty-third New York, Sixty-ninth New York, Eighty-eighth New York, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth New York, One Hundred and Sixty-fourth New York, One Hundred and Seventieth New York, Seventeenth Wis- consin, Twenty-third Illinois, Nintieth Illinois, Seventh Missouri, Fifteenth Michi- gan, etc. There were many other regiments in the service which, while not known as Irish regiments, were largely composed of men of Irish birth or parentage. The Third Rhode Island Heavy Artillery was one of these. Corcoran's Irish Legion and Meagher's Irish Brigade covered themselves with glory during the struggle. 3 o NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. zens, that were disbanded in 1855, and also reinstating their respective officers to take rank from the date of their several commissions; also providing for paying said companies for armory rent, and the performance of mili- tary duty as if said companies had not been disbanded, by authorizing the Comptroller to draw an order on the Treasurer, in favor of the captain or senior lieutenant of such companies, for the use and benefit of each of said companies, on receipt of satisfactory evidence of their having performed military duty and paid armory rent," was received from the Senate. It was adverse to the passage of the resolution, but recommended "the passage of a substitute resolution therefor, submitted by the Com- mittee, providing for the legal and honorable discharge of the military companies of adopted citizens disbanded in the year 1855, from the performance of further active military duty in the same manner that they would have been discharged if they had served lor the full term of five and seven years under the laws of this State." The report of the Committee was accepted, the resolution originally referred to the Committee was rejected, and the substitute recommended by the Committee was passed. The substitute resolution here mentioned was finally adopted, by both House and Senate, and thus the Know Nothing stain was removed from the fair escutcheon of Connecticut, so far as that stain had affected the reputa- tion of the Irish companies. The difference between the original resolution, which was rejected, and the substitute which was passed, con- sisted, briefly, in this: The original resolution provided that the disbanded companies and their officers should be reinstated as a part of the military force of the State, and that the companies thus reinstated should receive payment for armory rent and military duty performed from the time of their disbandment, in 1855, down. The substitute provided for the honorable discharge of the W 'A R OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 31 companies and their officers, and did not provide for armory rent or for payment for military duty since 1855. This arrangement, while not fully realizing the expecta- tions of the friends of the original resolution, was, never- theless, a fair one under existing circumstances. It ac- knowledged and vindicated the loyalty of the Irish companies, which loyalty had been questioned and assailed by the Know Nothing regime. The following is an extract from Governor Bucking- ham's inaugural address, 1861 : The requisition for troops from the Secretary of War, did not call for chaplains. I have, however, no hesita- tion in recommending the appointment of one to each regiment, at the expense of this State ; and as many of our adopted citizens, connected with the Roman Catholic Church, have manifested their loyalty by uniting with the volunteers, I would recommend, also, the appointment of two additional chaplains of that religious faith to each brigade. The following communication was also of especial significance ; it shows that the idea of an Irish regiment had been entertained even previous to the passage of the foregoing legislation : STATE OF CONNECTICUT, OFFICE OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, NORWICH, April 26, 1861. CAPT. THOS. W. CAHILL, EMMET GUARD. DEAR SIR: Yours of the 25th inst, enclosing the resolutions of the Emmet Guard, asking "Whether the services of a regiment composed of Irish adopted citizens would be received by the State authorities with the under- standing that the regiment nominate their own officers throughout?" [is received]. In reply, I am directed by the Governor to say that a regiment composed of Irish adopted citizens would be received and the wishes of the regiment consulted and 32 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. respected in the appointment of officers. No one would intentionally be pressed who was unacceptable. Very respectfully, O. N. SHIPMAN, Executive Secretary. On May 3, 1861, Mr. Byington introduced, in the State Senate, the following: WHEREAS, Honorable mention has been made of the fidelity and patriotism of our adopted citizens, by the Governor of the State in his usual message to this body, and WHEREAS, It being understood that large numbers of this class of our fellow citizens desire to organize them- selves into a regiment for the defence of our common country, therefore, Resolved, That the Governor be, and he hereby is, re- quested to accept such regiment of adopted citizens, and to> muster them into service as necessity or occasion may require. On motion the resolution was referred to the Joint Standing Committee on Military Affairs. As soon as it was decided to form an Irish regiment, much enthusiasm was manifested in the interest of such an organization, and great activity prevailed. Recruit- ing places were established, patriotic appeals were issued through the press and from the platform, posters were put up, inviting enlistments, and other effective steps taken. Recruits began to pour in. One company, (A), and the nucleus of two others, for the new regiment, went into camp at Hartford. Great interest in "The Irish Regiment" 1 was manifested in New Haven, Bridgeport, Hartford, Waterbury, Meriden, Norwich and many other places throughout the State. No longer were heard sneers at the "foreign-born." The Know Nothing cabal 1 Certain regiments organized in Connecticut were called at home by such names as "The Lyon Regiment," "The Charter Oak Regiment," " The Irish Regiment," etc. LIEUT. COL. RICHARD FIT/ GIIUION. (Reproduced from a War-Time Print). WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 33 had been driven from power by an indignant people. vStrong arms were needed to defend the Nation and the Irish of Connecticut nobly responded. On May 17, 1861, the following notice under the head "A Chance for Vol- unteers," appeared in the New r Haven Palladium: "A recruiting office is now opened in Engineers' Hall, Arti- zan street, [New Haven], to those who would serve the country and protect its flag. Office open every evening from 7 until 9 o'clock, when persons can receive all necessary information. John Duffy." The following is the text of a poster displayed at New Haven and probably elsewhere : "Forward the Qth !" Here followed a woodcut of an American eagle defend- ing the American shield. The poster then continued: "9th Regiment, Irish Volunteers ! This destined to be gallant Regiment, organized under the auspices of His Excellency, the Governor of this State, to be officered by Irishmen throughout, is now rapidly filling up. All per- sons wishing to join, can receive further information at the Headquarters, in Crown street, 3 doors from Church street, New Haven, Conn." Another poster with the heading "Forward the Ninth !" displayed an eagle holding the inscription, "The Union must be preserved." The poster then went on to say that "The Emmet Guards, lately commanded by Thomas W. Cahill, now Colonel of the 9th Regiment, Connecti- cut Volunteers, require a few more men to complete the maximum number required by the State. Application may be made at the camp ground or at the tent on the green." Then followed information as to the pay of pri- vates, the matter of bounty, etc., as follows : United States pay per month, $13 ; Bounty from State of Con- necticut, per year, $30; Bounty to soldiers wife, per month, $6; Bounty to wife and child per month, $8; Bounty to wife and two children, per month, $10, "making the pay of privates who enlist in Connecti- cut companies range from fifteen dollars and fifty cents to 3 4 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. twenty-five dollars and fifty cents, according to size of family. In addition, $100 of bounty from the United States when honorably discharged." This poster was signed : "Michael McCarten, Captain." Capt. Cahill was commissioned Colonel of the Ninth, Sept. 3, 1 86 1. Lieut-Col. Richard Fitz Gibbon 1 and Major Frederick Frye, of the regiment, had already seen active service in the field, the former as a captain in the First Regiment, C. V., and the latter as a captain in the Third Regiment, C. V. Under the head of "The Emmet Guard Going," the New Haven Palladium, Sept. 5, 1861, states that "At a large and enthusiastic meeting of the Emmet Guard, [New Haven], last evening, Lieutenant Maher in the chair, it was voted to< enlist for the war. The meeting was addressed by Col. (late Capt.) Cahill in a feeling and eloquent manner. They will meet at their armory to- morrow night to receive such members as may wish to join their war organization." At the meeting, Sept. 4, here described, the Emmets adopted a preamble and reso- lutions, regretting the loss of Cahill as captain of the Guard, but expressing satisfaction at his promotion to the rank of Colonel of the Ninth Regiment. Thanks were also* extended Lieut. McCarten, "who now retires to occupy a more advanced position." The committee on these resolutions consisted of Engineer McCaffrey, Lieut. Wrinn and Adjutant Geary. On Sept. 9, 1861, the New Haven Palladium stated that "The Qth (Irish) Regiment, C. V., is to be removed to-day or to-morrow from their present camp ground at Hartford to this city, taking position on Mr. Hallock's field at the right of the 6th and 7th. This is done be- cause it is apparent that the regiment will be largely re- cruited from this section of the State. On this account although we believe the Hartford camps to be com- fortably situated we welcome the change as a good one. 1 Generally spelled Fitz Gibbons in the records. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 35 The regiment will probably be filled in ten days from this time." Sept. 10, 1 86 1, the Palladium notes that the Emmet Guard, of New Haven, "led by Colonel (late Captain) Cahill, made a very fine show in their parade yesterday afternoon. At its close, Mr. Bartholomew Healy gave them a fine entertainment at the Broad Street Hotel. The parade was a very admirable one, which did much credit to those engaged in it." In the Hartford Courant, Sept. 12, 1861, appeared the following : "Lieut. Wm. Wright, late of the 3d Regiment, C. V., will open a recruiting office to-day, under the American Hall, [Hartford], for the purpose of enlisting a company for the 9th Regiment. He is desirous of having his company composed exclusively of Irishmen; and as there has not been a company raised as yet in this city for the Qth Regiment, it is to be hoped he will meet with liberal encouragement. There is no reason why Hartford should not be represented by a full com- pany of Irishmen in the Qth, under Col. Cahill ; they can be raised, and Lieut. Wright will do it. Go and hear Father Quinn's lecture at St. Peter's church to-night. He will tell you all about the war." This is believed to have been the Father Quinn who was chaplain in a Rhode Island regiment. Lieut. Wright was commis- sioned Captain of Co. G, of the Ninth, and was one of the best officers that ever carried a sword. CHAPTER II. THE NINTH IN "CAMP WELCH," NEW HAVEN THE REGI- MENT ATTENDS MASS AT ST. JOHN'S CHURCH THE REV. DANIEL MULLEN BECOMES CHAPLAIN OF THE COMMAND LIST OF CONNECTICUT PLACES REPRE- SENTED IN THE REGIMENT GEN. B. F. BUTLER AC- CEPTS THE ORGANIZATION FOR HIS NEW ENGLAND DIVISION. THE rendezvous of the Ninth, being finally estab- lished in New Haven, was named "Camp Welch" in honor of the then mayor of the city. Col. Cahill issued his first regimental order Sept. 19, 1861. He states that "In issuing this, the first order, the command- ant feels that not a moment should be lost which can be used to advance the military knowledge so necessary to every man who aspires to be a soldier. For this reason, it will be necessary for commandants of companies to devote every possible moment to the purposes of drill and instruction of their respective companies. All offi- cers in command will, therefore, observe the following order until further notice. * * * " He then orders that at reveille, "the men of each command will turn out on their respective company grounds, and place their tents and quarters in proper order under direction of the commandants, until the chiefs of squads are appointed, and the guard tents by the guard or prisoners. The companies will turn out promptly for drill at 7j o'clock a. m., until o/| a. m., at which time the companies will assemble on their respective grounds for detail for guard mounting and other duty. The men and officers will again fall in for drill at 2 o'clock p. m., until 4 o'clock p. m. The roll will be called every morning at reveille, and the reports submitted to Lieut.-Col. Fitz Gibbons for inspection and consolidation." WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 37 A representative of the New Haven Register had visited the camp Sept. 10, 1861, and stated in his paper the next day that "We strolled through the camp of the 6th, 7th and Qth Regiments yesterday, and were gratified with the neat and tidy appearance of the grounds and equipage. The men appeared cheerful and contented. They appear to be an excellent body of men. No com- plaints are heard about, "rations," and the officers are one and all bending down to the work of preparing the men for active service. * * * Early in the history of the Ninth, a band was organ- ized and comprised some of the best musicians in the State. The organization numbered, at the start, 25 members with Christian Streit as leader. The places represented were New Haven, East Haven, Meriden, Brooklyn, Clinton, Wallingford and Naugatuck. It was stated to have been one of the best bands that ever marched at the head of a regiment. While the Ninth was overwhelmingly composed of men who were of Irish blood, and Catholic in creed, quite a number in the command were neither Irish nor Catholic. But all were patriots and were united, like a band of brothers, to defend the Flag. In no regiment that went to the front was there a more intense American spirit or more loyal devotion to the cause of the Union. While the Ninth was in Camp Welch, 1 New Haven, many events of interest took place. Visitors to the camp were numerous and much interest was shown toward the regiment. On one occasion, George A. Shubert, of New Haven, sent Capt. Michael McCarten a check for $50 as a contribution to the latter's company. Mr. Shubert's generosity was promptly and cordially acknowledged by the Captain, Sept. 28, 1861. On another occasion, the following event took place as narrated in a New Haven paper: 1 Referred to sometimes as "Camp English." The Fifteenth Connecticut named their quarters in that vicinity, "Camp Lyon." 38 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. "PRESENTATION. Quite a pleasant affair came off at the residence of Mr. Thomas Healy, No. 16 Factory street, [New Haven], on Wednesday evening, it being the presentation of three fine regulation swords, with all the necessary accompaniments, together with pistols, to Captain McCarten, Lieutenants John G. Healy and John Shaw, of the "Emmets," 9th Regiment, C. V. Sergeants McKenna and Gately, of the same Company, were also the recipients of two fine pistols. The articles were the gifts of several of our influential citizens, and were pre- sented on behalf of the donors, by Wm. Downes, Esq., whose remarks were appropriately responded to by the fortunate recipients. Remarks were also made by Mr. Bartholomew Healy, and Mr. Thomas Healy, (father of Lieut. Healy), who regretted that his age disqualified him from entering with his son into the service of this, his adopted country. The ceremonies, which were of a very interesting nature, being concluded, the party, at the invitation of Mr. H. partook of a most bountiful sup- ply of refreshments, and adjourned at an early hour, feel- ing conscious that they had participated in the ceremo- nies of placing in the hands of men, implements which would be wielded powerfully by them in defence of this, our glorious country." About this time, also, a sword, sash and belt were pre- sented Capt. Duffy of the Ninth. The sword was of French manufacture, had a double-gilt hilt, and bore the inscription: "Presented to Capt. John Duffy by Citizens of New Haven, Oct., 1861." The Palladium stated at the time that the sword, belt and sash would be "on exhibi- tion in Malley's window on Chapel street." In the Palla- dium, Oct. 28, 1861, is a paragraph stating that "Lieut. Lawrence O'Brien, of the gth Regiment, C. V., was pre- sented with a sword, sash, belt, etc., by the Sodality of the B. V. M., a society connected with St. Patrick's church, [New Haven]. It was a good gift to a worthy officer." Other commissioned officers in the regiment WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 39 were similarly honored by various organizations and friends. Lieut. Daniel Carroll, for instance, was pre- sented a sword, sash and belt by the Davis Literary Institute of New Haven, and other friends. The presenta- tion speech was delivered by Robert Scully, to which the recipient feelingly replied. There were also addresses by Patrick Sisk, B. Hogan and other gentlemen. The Hartford C our ant, Nov. 2, 1861, stated that "Lieutenants Clinton and Burke of Capt. Wright's Company of this city, were presented, Thursday, with sword, sash and belt, by their friends in Hartford." In its issue of Oct. 8, 1861, the New Haven Palladium says : " * * * We are personally acquainted with Capt. William Wright of Hartford, a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, formerly for some years in the English army, who is now filling up a company for this [the Ninth] regiment. He lacks only about twenty men, and we give our assurance that they could not go under a bet- ter leader. Capt. Wright resigned an appointment in the regular U. S. Army having previously served in the three months volunteers and ought to have his com- pany immediately rilled. We wish all success to the gth Regiment and to him." The Ninth was under the disadvantage, while encamped at New Haven, of not having arms, the latter not yet having been supplied. Enough Whitney guns were ob- tained, however, to admit of guard mounting, but beyond these few, the men were deprived of the benefit they would have derived from the possession of guns. The latter were not delivered to the regiment until it had reached Ship Island, Miss. In the meantime, however, much solid work was devoted to marching and other evolutions, the drill being constant and thorough. The men rapidly learned the duties of the soldier, in camp and on the march, and were also instructed as to manoeu- vres in skirmish and battle. The Ninth was composed of splendid material, as was subsequently acknowledged 40 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. by Gen. Phelps, Gen. Butler and other competent author- ities. Its record at the front, in fidelity and bravery, was excelled by no regiment in the service. A uniform of blue was furnished the regiment by the State, while en- camped at New Haven, but without arms the regiment's progress was, of course, somewhat retarded, in certain respects, at that time. However, this was speedily made up when the command went South. Previous to its departure from New Haven, in 1861, the regiment used to attend Mass, on Sunday, at St. John's church, and on at least one occasion, Mass was celebrated in Camp Welch by the Rev. John Smith of the church just mentioned. On Nov. 17, 1861, the Rev. Daniel Mullen, of Winchester (Winsted), enlisted into the regiment as chaplain of the latter, and remained with it until late in August, 1862, when poor health compelled him to resign. Among the Connecticut places represented in the regiment were the following: Berlin, Farmington, Newtown, Bethany, Greenwich, Norfolk, Bethel, Griswold, North Canaan, Bloomfield, Groton, Norwich, Branford, Guilford, Plainfield, Bridgeport, Hamden, Plymouth, Bridgewater, Hampton, Portland, Bristol, Hartford, Redding, Brooklyn, Huntington, Ridgefield, Burlington, Litchfield, Salisbury, Canaan, Lyme, Saybrook, Cheshire, Manchester, Seymour, Clinton, Meriden, Simsbury, Colebrook, Middletown, Southing-ton, Cromwell, Milford, Stafford, Danbury, Monroe, Stamford, Derby, Morris, Sterling, East Haven, Naugatuck, Stonington, Easton, New Britain, Stratford, East Windsor, New Hartford, Torrington, Enfield, New Haven, Trumbnll, Fairfield, New London, Vernon, WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 41 Wallingford, Waterbury, Waterford, Westbrook, Westport, Weston, Wethersfield, Wilton, Winchester, Windsor, Wolcott, Woodbridge, Woodbury. A few facts relative to the composition of each of the ten companies 1 in the regiment, in 1861, are here pre- sented : Company A, Capt. John Duffy, was composed princi- pally of New Haven men, but Danbury, Derby, Hartford, Enfield, Branford and Waterbury were also represented. Later during the war. other Connecticut places had rep- resentatives in the company. Company B, Capt. Patrick Garvey, had a large num- ber of Meriden and New Haven men in 1861. Other places represented in the company, at this time, were Middletown, Windsor, Cheshire, Waterbury, Wood- bridge, Hamden, Farmington, Portland, Norfolk, New Britain, Wallingford and Southington. Company C, Capt. Michael McCarten, was chiefly made up of New Haven men, though Bridgeport, Hart- ford, Norwich, Waterbury and New London were also represented. Company D, Capt. Thomas C. Coates, was composed principally of Bridgeport men. Other localities repre- sented in the company, at the outset, were New Haven, Plymouth, Norwalk, Fairfield and Meriden. Company E, Capt. James P. Hennessey. This was another New Haven company, with a sprinkling of mem- bers from Derby, Hartford, New Britain, Middletown, Hamden and elsewhere. Company F, Capt. John Foley, had about 48 Water- bury men, in 1861, including the brothers, Michael P. and John P. Coen, both of whom were corporals. Later, other Waterbury men were in the company. Other 1 As the war progressed, there were, of course, many changes among officers and men of the companies. A roll of the regiment will be found toward the close of this volume. 42 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. places represented in it, in 1861, included Bridgeport, Hartford, New Haven, Plymouth and Norwich. Company G, Capt. William Wright, had between 30 and 40 Hartford men in its ranks at this time, and also men from New Haven, Bridgeport, Stonington, Wethers- field, Manchester, Portland, New Britain, Simsbury, Southington and East Windsor. Company H, Capt. Silas W. Sawyer, included about 30 Norwich men, in 1861, besides members from Bridge- port, Griswold, New Haven, Portland, Groton, New London and Danbury. There were more Norwich men in the company later. Company I, Capt. Elliot M. Curtis, had at this time about 28 men from Bridgeport, the rest of the company including Stratford, Hartford, Plymouth, Monroe, Bris- tol, Wolcott, Berlin, Canaan, North Canaan, Bloomfield, Burlington, Norfolk, Salisbury, Westport, Newtown, Derby, Lyme, Woodbury, Seymour, Huntington, Plain- field and New Hartford men. Company K, Capt. John A. Nelson, was made up from Hartford, Bridgeport, New Haven, Derby, Griswold, Bethel, Easton, Winchester, Simsbury, Fairfield, New- town and Danbury. The Ninth was a three-years regiment. New Haven, furnished nearly 400 men to the command during the latter's period of service, and thus easily lead in numbers. The four other Connecticut places most largely repre- sented were Bridgeport, Waterbury, Hartford and Nor- wich. The youngest member of the Ninth, in 1861, was Richard Hennessey, a drummer boy, who was not yet 12 years of age, of Company E. He was a son of Capt. Hennessey of that company. Thomas Delaney, a drum- mer boy of Company F, Waterbury, is mentioned as 15 years of age. His father, Patrick Delaney, was a private in the company. James Warren, a musician of Company K, is also mentioned as aged 15 years. There were sev- eral in the regiment, in 1861, aged, respectively, 16, 17, 18, 19, and so on, up to 45. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 43 Major-General Benjamin F. Butler, of Lowell, Mass., was organizing a New England Division for the expedi- tion against New Orleans. He came to Connecticut and had an interview with Governor Buckingham. The Gov- ernor suggested that he take the Ninth into his com- mand. Butler was pleased with the idea, and immediately accepted the offer. The necessary papers were soon made out by the Governor, and in a short time the Ninth received orders to proceed to Gen. Butler's rendezvous, Camp Chase, Lowell. An especially notable event took place at Camp Welch, Oct. 30, 1861, the occasion being the presentation of colors to the regiment. The New Haven Palladium, in its issue of that date, had the following report of the cere- monies : "This forenoon the Ninth Connecticut Regiment was presented with a brace of colors with appropriate cere- monies. One of them, the flag of the Union, was the gift of Mrs. Charles DeForest, and the other, the flag of the State, was the gift of a number of patriotic ladies. These flags were both of silk, and were exceedingly beautiful. The trimmings were of the richest and most costly description. "Soon after 10 o'clock the regiment, which is com- posed chiefly of Irish adopted citizens, was drawn up in a three-quarter square, when the ladies, accompanied by E. K. Foster, Esq., the Rev. Mr. Harwood, and others, approached the lines, bearing the splendid colors of the State and the Nation. The Colonel and staff met the guests in advance of the lines, when Judge Foster ad- dressed the regiment in one of his usually happy efforts. He adverted to the great cause of Constitutional liberty which they were going forth to defend. He expressed an abiding confidence in their valor, and their determina- tion to stand by their colors and the cause they repre- sented while they were able to lift a hand in their defence. "Major Fry [e] then stepped forward and received the 44 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. colors from the hands of the ladies, and responded in an elegant speech, pledging himself and the regiment to be true to the honor of the State and the welfare of the Nation. He regarded the gift as a sacred trust, which would, under all circumstances, be sacredly defended. He trusted that on the return of the regiment these colors would be brought back with it, and if soiled, it would only be by the dust and smoke of battle, but in other respects they would be more glorious than now, new and gorgeous as they have been made by the fair hands which presented them. "This ceremony being over, another presentation fol- lowed, that of an elegant regulation sword to Capt. Hen- nessey, of Company E, of the same regiment. Col. L. W. Sperry and James Thompson were neighbors of Capt. Hennessey, and were forward in this movement of giving a testimonial to his character and worth. "By request, J. F. Babcock addressed the Captain and his company, in relation to the contest in which they were about to engage, and the vast interests they were called upon to defend. He adverted to the origin of the Ameri- can Revolution, and the aid our fathers received from true hearts of other lands ; and expressed his confidence that the Ninth Connecticut would see that the banner of the State, the banner of the Union, and their own green flag of Erin, were not disgraced when the bugle sounded to the charge upon the enemy of us all. He introduced Col. Sperry, who* presented the sword, expressing the highest confidence in the gallant recipient whom he esteemed as a neighbor, respected as a citizen, and had faith to believe would prove a soldier worthy of his coun- trymen, who had already so distinguished themselves in the first struggle for liberty, and in the recent efforts of our troops to preserve it from destruction by traitor hands. "Mr. Thompson then presented the sash and belt, all of which the gallant captain modestly received, declaring WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 45 that it would be his constant effort to preserve these gifts from dishonor. He felt the responsibility laid upon him, and he believed it would appear, when the struggle was over, that he and his men had done something in honor of the land of their birth, and the land of their adoption. The exercises were closed with three hearty cheers for Messrs. Sperry, Thompson and Babcock, for Capt. Hen- nessey and the cause to which all patriotic hearts were devoted." The State flag mentioned here was especially de- signed for the Ninth. The field was of dark blue. On one side of the flag, in the center of the blue field, was the State seal, having the National seal as a background. On the other side appeared an Irish emblem or seal, comprising a green ground with a harp of gold. A spray of shamrock was entwined, and underneath was the in- scription "Erin Go Bragh." This Irish emblem was, like the State seal, backed by the National one, and was in the center of the blue field on this side of the flag. This flag, with the others belonging to the regiment, is now treas- ured among the other battle standards, at the State Capitol, in Hartford. On the last Saturday night of the regiment's stay in Camp Welch, New Haven, a great storm visited the scene. It was a perfect hurricane. Tents were blown down, trees uprooted, vessels in the harbor driven ashore and other damage inflicted. When the next morning dawned, a spectacle of devastation appeared on all sides. Matters were righted as speedily as possible, however, and during the day Sunday thousands of people visited the camp to bid the Ninth farewell. An interest- ing feature of the afternoon was the presentation of an Irish pike to the regiment. This pike, handsomely made, was manufactured by John Egan, and was spoken of by the New Haven Register as "The Egan Axe." The event took place at dress parade, about 4 p. m., and was wit- nessed by a great crowd. The presentation speech was 46 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. delivered by James Gallagher, of New Haven, he having been deputed for that purpose by Mr. Egan. Mr. Gal- lagher in his speech referred to the pike as "an emblem of the warlike days of your ancestors. In their hands it was a formidable weapon.*' Mr. Egan desired, he said, that it should be carried at the head of the regiment. A felicitous response was made. While at Camp Welch, a society of patriotic ladies presented each man of the regi- ment a useful little outfit consisting of needles, thread, pins, buttons, etc. The gift was much appreciated. MAJOR FREDERICK FRYE. CHAPTER III. THE REGIMENT LEAVES NEW HAVEN FOR CAMP CHASE, LOWELL, MASS. CHEERS AND FAREWELLS MARK THE DEPARTURE THE ARRIVAL AT LOWELL THE NINTH ESCORTED INTO CAMP BY THE TWENTY-SIXTH MASSA- CHUSETTS SCENES AND INCIDENTS OF NOTE IN CAMP CHASE BILL ALLEN AND HIS BULLDOG CREATE AMUSEMENT "CONNECTICUT OVER THE FENCE." THE NINTH, about 845 strong, 1 left New Haven for Camp Chase, Lowell, Mass., on Monday, Nov. 4, 1861. A few days previously the men had been paid and given a brief leave of absence to visit their homes. This privilege was not abused, for when the roll was called, on the day of departure, every man had re- ported, and was in his place. The regiment presented a sturdy appearance as it moved out of Camp Welch, with band playing and colors flying, and was the recipient of much applause. The command had not received as much care and attention from the authorities as had been bestowed upon other regiments. It was not equipped, feasted and favored as some of the other regiments had been. Its uniforms, in some instances, showed the signs of wear and a suffi- ciency of other articles of apparel, that should have been supplied by the State or the National government, was in many cases wanting. Nevertheless, the Irish buoyancy of the regiment rose superior to these drawbacks. Offi- cers and men were no mere holiday soldiers, but were of the kind that would charge the foe as impetuously and fight him as valiantly, even without uniforms, as would the most handsomely uniformed regiment in the service. J At one period in the South, it numbered fully 900 men. Many accessions were received at New Orleans. 48 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. A special train had been made up and was awaiting the Ninth at the intersection of Lamberton street and the New York & New Haven railroad. All New Haven was astir with enthusiasm, and a great multitude assem- bled at the point of embarkation to witness the regiment's departure. The fine band of the Ninth poured forth a flood of martial melody, interspersing American with Irish airs, the populace cheered and cheered again, hands were clasped through car windows and from platforms in last farewells and, amid a great wave of enthusiasm, the long train moved off. As it proceeded the light-hearted men of the regiment indulged in song and jollity. War choruses were ren- dered with a will, jokes were cracked and general good humor prevailed. Now and then a friendly wrestling bout would occupy attention. Take a train with over 800 healthy young men aboard and a good deal of noise will be made and some paint scratched, even in sport. So it was in this case, and the occasion was seized upon by idle gossips to malign the regiment. For the Ninth had opponents even at home. These were the "Peace-at-any- Price" men, vituperative Copperheads, selfish money- getters who would let the Union perish rather than raise a hand in its defence. Yet, here was a regiment enlisted for three-years' service, volunteers who were going to the front to uphold the Flag and, if need be, lay down their lives that the Nation might live. How despicable the adverse criticism heaped upon them by cowardly or thoughtless stay-at-homes ! The wildest and most ridiculous yarns were circulated about the command at this stage. These stories reached Lowell, whither the regiment was bound, and nearly created a panic in that locality. It was considered wise by hysterical citizens to raise a force of 500 special police to save the place from being destroyed and plowed over, but Gen. Butler promptly stamped out the undertaking, and that was the end of it. Later, after the Ninth had WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 49 been domiciled at Camp Chase, the people of Lowell laughed at the fears they had entertained. Governor Buckingham, of Connecticut, in a letter to Col. Cahill, under date of February 8, 1862, alluding to these stories reflecting on the regiment, says : "I may, however, add that the whole State knows that the re- ports respecting your men when they left were so mis- represented as to* be actually untrue." The regiment reached Lowell that evening and spent the night aboard the train on the outskirts of the city. The next forenoon the command was escorted into Camp Chase by the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts, a large por- tion of the latter being composed of citizens of Irish birth or parentage. Camp Chase, as already stated, was the rendezvous for Gen. Butler's force, at the time. Among the organizations there when the Ninth arrived was the Fourth Massachusetts Light Battery, Capt. Charles H. Manning, in which organization were many Irish. John F. Hurley, who 40 years after was elected mayor of Salem, Mass., was a member of this battery, and among other names on the roll were Barry, Burns, Carney, Curley, Doherty, Dolan, Donahue, Foley, Gallagher, Grady, Griffin., Hart, Kiernan, Kilbride, Mahoney, Mc- Carthy, McDonough, McElroy, Murphy, Nagle, Sulli- van and the like. Corporal William M. Peabody, of the battery, kept a diary during the war. In that diary, speaking of the arrival of the Ninth, in Camp Chase, he says : "Nov. 5. Tuesday. Morning dawned clear and cold. All traces of yesterday's storm have disappeared, and the usual routine of duty has been resumed. Company drilled this a. m., in marching. At noon the Ninth Con- necticut Infantry, under command of Colonel Thomas W. Cahill, arrived here * * * and was received by the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts Infantry,, who escorted them into camp. As the Nutmeggers marched in we had 5 o NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. a fine view of them, and saw that this Irish regiment was made up of very hardy material. The regiment, about 900 strong, pitched camp on the parade ground between the headquarters building and the camp of the Twenty- sixth Massachusetts regiment, and were soon at home in their new quarters. This re-enforcement increases the number of troops here to about 2,400 men, and brings us all into pretty close quarters." The great storm that visited New Haven the last Sat- urday evening, Nov. 2, before the Ninth left Camp Welch, was also in evidence at Lowell. At Camp Chase, so heavy was the rainfall that ditches had to be dug around tents, and the ropes of the latter tightened to resist the hurricane. The storm was still in force at midnight, and many of the men were awake because of it. It was only by constant watching and prompt action that tents were kept standing in the camp of the Fourth Massachusetts battery. The camp of the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts regiment, however, did not fare so well, a large number of the regiment's tents being blown down. Whole companies were left without shelter, and a thorough drenching was inflicted on their property. The Eastern Bay State regiment, in camp, also* suffered severely in like manner. The parade ground was turned into a lake. By the time the Ninth reached Lowell, however, the camp was again in good condition. Camp Chase occupied what was known as the Lowell Fair Grounds. It was named in honor of the Hon. Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the United States Treasury, in the cabinet of President Lincoln. The camp comprised a large number of acres, the land being hard and level. Part of the site had been used as a race course, and was still in that condition. The entrance to the course was located at the northwest corner, and here were large gates opening out to the Billerica road. Nearby was the guard house. The Fair building was still standing. It was now devoted to the following uses: the first floor WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865, 5I was utilized as dining quarters for the troops ; the second, as offices for the Commandant of the post, for the Surgeon and for quartermaster and commissary stores. The cooking for the soldiers was done in a long, low one-story building constructed of rough boards. Like most other regiments, the Ninth had a pet or two, so that when big Bill Allen marched into Camp Chase with the regiment that day, leading a bulldog by a string, and carrying a cat under his arm, a roar of merriment greeted the appearance of the Connecticut warrior. Camp Chase was surrounded by a high board fence. At intervals, when off duty, a few men of the Ninth, in search of relaxation and change of scene, would scale this fence and drop down on the other side. From this arose the phrase "Connecticut over the fence." Men from other commands in camp would also> scale the fence, but no matter to what organization they belonged, the phrase was always "Connecticut over the fence." So that members of the Ninth were often blamed for the doings of men from other organizations on the field. Once a man getting over the fence, was lightly prod- ded by a bayonet in the hands of a sentry. The humor of this, and the literal execution of orders, so pleased Gen. Butler that he made the sentry a sergeant. While at Lowell, the Ninth received many visitors from home, this pleasantly serving to relieve the monot- ony of camp life. Gen. Butler early formed a liking for the regiment, and did everything that was then pos- sible for its comfort and welfare. On Nov. 10, an in- spection of all the troops in camp, including the Ninth, took place, conducted by Gen. Butler. Butler visited the camp again on Nov. 12, this being the third day in succession he had done so. This circum- stance, together with the fact that extensive supplies of clothing had lately been received, gave rise to the belief that a movement of some kind was soon to take place. On Nov. 15, the Fourth Massachusetts battery was mus- 52 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. tered into the United States service, the oath being administered by Col. E. F. Jones, of the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts. The men of the battery raised their right hands, "each man repeating the oath after the Colonel." During the Ninth's stay at Lowell,, the officers and men wrote many letters to loved ones at home. Some of these letters have been shown us, having been sacredly treasured these forty years. They all breathe a spirit of Christianity and patriotism. Poor Corporal John P. Coen, of Waterbury, who was accidentally killed in Louisiana! We have several of his letters before us as we write; letters to his father, mother, wife and sisters; letters sometimes signed jointly by himself and his brother, Corporal Michael P. Coen, expressing affection for their kin and kindliest good will for neighbors and associates in Waterbury. May these letters be treasured a century to come for the noble lessons they teach ! On Nov. 18, Col. Cahill issued the following: HEADQUARTERS, NINTH REG'T, C. V., CAMP CHASE, LOWELL, MASS., Nov. 18, 1861. REGIMENTAL ORDER No. 4- In accordance with Special Orders now received from Headquarters, Department of New England, each com- pany commander will hold his command in readiness to march from Camp Chase at 10 o'clock a. m., Tuesday, November 19, 1861, to take the cars at the Depot, near said Camp, and on arrival in Boston every commissioned officer will see that no enlisted man leaves the ranks on any pretext whatever. No officer or man will be allowed to leave the ship ''Constitution" after embarkation therein without a WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 53 written order from the commander of the forces em- barked. The severest punishment will follow the infraction of this order. p er order THOS. W. CAHILL, Col. Ninth Reg't, C. V. A. GORDON HALL, Adjutant. On Nov. 19, Corporal Peabody, of the Fourth Massa- chusetts Light Battery, wrote in his diary : "Company placed under marching orders to-day. About 9 a. m., the 26th Mass, and 9th Connecticut regi- ments broke up camp and in heavy marching order moved out to the railroad track. There, a long train of cars awaited them, and embarking, they proceeded for Boston, leaving their tents standing for the use of other troops to assemble here." The next day, Nov. 20, the battery just mentioned also proceeded to Boston and joined the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts and Ninth Connecticut regiments aboard the Constitution. The troops remaining in Camp Chase, were the Eastern Bay State regiment and three companies of Rifle Rangers, the whole force numbering about 500 men. The Constitution lay at Long Wharf, Boston. She was a new steamship of 3,000 tons burthen and belonged to the Pacific Mail Steamship Co. She had been constructed for the carrying trade between Panama and San Francisco, and was in excellent condi- tion for the business of a military transport. For this purpose, double-berth bunks had been constructed on each side and, lengthwise, through the centre. These bunks were located on the middle and third decks. The two regiments and the battery aboard comprised a total force of 1,946, all commanded by Col. E. F. Jones, of the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts. This was the Col. Jones 54 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. who had commanded the Sixth Massachusetts, on its passage through Baltimore, in April, when attacked by a mob. He was a brave officer. The commander of the ship itself was Capt. Fuller, a veteran of the wave, and some 50 years of age. It was stated that the government was paying $2,000 per day for the use of the Constitution. Strict discipline was maintained by Col. Jones before sailing. Guards were placed at the gangway of the ship, and up the wharf. No visitors were allowed aboard and no passes were issued to the soldiers. Meanwhile, supplies were being rapidly taken aboard, and every effort was being made to sail as quickly as possible. Among other goods aboard was a supply of Enfield rifles for the Ninth, which, how- ever, were not then distributed. The men from Connec- ticut and Massachusetts passed the time in various ways and eagerly awaited the hour for departure. During the afternoon of Nov. 20, a large barque displaying French colors arrived in port and caused much interest among the spectators on the Constitution. The officers and men of the Ninth were in excellent health and spirits and eager to get to the front to participate in active opera- tions against the foe. Nov. 21 dawned cold, but pleasant. Up to this time, very few on the Constitution knew the destination of the ship, and there was considerable speculation as to where the force would land. The stevedores finished their work of loading the ship about 1 1 a. m., and Capt. Fuller began issuing his orders for the start. The lines were cast off at 11.30, and the Constitution began her voyage seaward. CHAPTER IV. THE BAND OF THE NINTH ENLIVENS THE TRIP DOWN BOSTON HARBOR THE JOURNEY TO PORTLAND, ME. THE TWELFTH MAINE INFANTRY EXPECTS TO BE TAKEN ABOARD, BUT IS SENT BACK TRIP FROM PORTLAND TO FORTRESS MONROE GEN. PHELPS COMES ABOARD THE "CONSTITUTION" AND ASSUMES COMMAND OF THE TROOPS THE VOYAGE TO SHIP ISLAND, MISS. AS the Constitution left the wharf, she was given hearty cheers by the large crowd that had assem- bled to see her off. The deck was a mass of soldiers who waved farewells to the people on shore. The band of the Ninth struck up a lively air and continued to play until well down Boston harbor. The Constitution at first picked her way cautiously owing to the shipping in the harbor, but when clear of this, more steam was put on and the ship increased her speed. Samuel Colby, a veteran Boston pilot, was aboard, and safely guided the Constitution down toward the bay. Fort Independence, on the starboard, was passed and Fort Winthrop, to larboard. Lower down, Fort Warren was sighted. All this time, the band of the Ninth kept play- ing, "to the great delight of the boys." By I p. m. the ship was pretty well outside, and the effect of the waves began to make itself felt on board. Many of the men showed indications of seasickness and clung to the rail or sought their berths below deck. The Constitution once clear of the lower harbor, shaped her course north- erly for Portland, Me., the object being to take on a Maine regiment at that place. The ship was now making about nine miles an hour. At 4 p. m. she was running up the coast, through a rough 5 6 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. sea. Only about a third of the force aboard remained on deck, the rest having gone below. The weather was cold, and those on deck were as well muffled up as cir- cumstances would permit. At sunset, the Constitution was off Thatcher's Island and about five miles from that point. By this time, many of those on deck were shel- tered in nooks around the smokestack, and elsewhere, to avoid the biting winds. Night came down cold, but clear. About 9 p. m. the ship was off Portsmouth, N. H., and at midnight reached Portland, Me. The next morning, Nov. 22, 1861, was cold. The Con- stitution was anchored about a mile from the wharves, and from her deck a good view of Portland could be ob- tained, and was much enjoyed by the men of the Ninth. About 9 a. m. the steamer Forest City, with the Twelfth Maine Infantry aboard, came out to the Constitution. Col. George F. Shepley was in command of the regiment, and the intention was to transfer it from the Forest City to the Constitution for transportation south with the Con- necticut and Massachusetts troops. Owing to the crowd already on the Constitution, however, Col. Jones finally decided not to take the Twelfth aboard, and ordered the regiment to return to Portland, proceed to Camp Chase, Lowell, and there report to Gen. Butler. Pay- master Roland G. Usher, U. S. Volunteers, left Portland in a rowboat about noon, came aboard the Constitution and soon began distributing one month's pay to the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts regiment and the Fourth Massachusetts Light Battery. The next forenoon, Nov. 23, some 200 tons of coal were taken aboard; also two pilots Sewall Drinkwater and David Jackson. There were now four pilots on the Constitution Samuel Colby, of Boston ; Richard H. Collins, of New York, and Messrs. Drinkwater and Jackson, just mentioned. Sunday, Nov. 24, the ship was well out, and making good progress on a southerly course. There was a heavy sea running and many of the officers and men IV A R OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 57 were disagreeably aware of that fact. The Constitution made her fastest time at night when the soldiers were asleep and all was quiet aboard. Corporal Peabody of the Fourth Massachusetts Light Battery, to whose diary we are much indebted, makes the following entry : "Nov. 26, Tuesday. Morning opened warmer and clear. Many on board think that we are now off the coast of Virginia, and this belief has given the sick new life and energy ; for this morning the deck is crowded with men, all of them being cheerful and happy. Since midnight the course of our ship has been almost due west, which causes the belief that Capt. Fuller intends to make port. All hands are on the lookout for land, and all are re- warded for their trouble, for about 9 a. m., a small speck is seen far away to the South which, growing larger as the Constitution rapidly approaches, reveals to view the sandy beach and tall trees on Cape Henry. Every man able to crawl was at this time on deck viewing with the intensest interest the scenery around us. At 10 a. m., we passed inside Capes Henry and Charles, and were in Hampton Roads." Fortress Monroe is located about seven miles up the Roads. The Constitution steamed slowly and at about 1 1 a. m., dropped anchor within a mile of the fort. It now became reported among the Ninth that the object of the ship in coming here was to take aboard Gen. John W. Phelps, who was to assume command of the expedition. The location of Fortress Monroe, at the extreme end of Old Point Comfort, Va., made it a place of great strategic importance, and the works were, consequently, of tre- mendous strength. At this period they covered about 60 acres and constituted the strongest regular fortification in the United States. During the forenoon of Nov. 27, the Constitution was busy taking on supplies, and it now became generally known, to those aboard ship, that the destination of the latter was Ship Island, Gulf of Mexico. General Phelps came on board about i p. m., and as- 5 8 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. sumed command. He was a native of Vermont, born Nov. 13, 1813. He was a tall man, and of medium, but strong, build. His hair and beard were of an iron gray and his address very pleasing. He graduated from West Point in 1836, served in the Fourth U. S. Artillery in the operations against the Creek Indians, distinguished him- self in the Florida war and in the war with Mexico, in which latter conflict he served under Gen. Scott, and par- ticipated in the capture of the City of Mexico. On the breaking out of the Civil War, he was made Colonel of the First Vermont Infantry, and on May 17, 1861, be- came a brigadier-general of volunteers. He permitted no mere show or parade upon taking command on the Constitution, and created a very favorable impression. At 5 p. m., the anchor was "hove up" and the ship stood out to sea. Cape Henry was passed about 5.45 p. m., the course was shaped to the southward, and the Ninth and the other organizations aboard were on their way to Ship Island. The Florida coast was sighted during the forenoon of Nov. 30, about ten miles away, and the men of the Ninth left their recreations, and hastened to get a glimpse of the scene. Not much was visible, however, but a low, dark fringe of coast and at times even this was not in plain view. About 8 p. m., on Sunday, Dec. I, the revolving light on a distant reef, the extreme southern point of Florida, was sighted. It was some ten miles away. The weather was pleasant, the night clear, the sky studded with stars and the sea smooth as glass. The Ninth, and other troops, crowded the main deck intent upon enjoying these delightful conditions and witnessing every object of interest. The Constitution rounded the light above men- tioned at 9.30 p. m., being then about five miles distant, and entered the Gulf of Mexico. On Tuesday morning, Dec. 3, a portion of the Alabama coast was in sight, some seven miles away, on the starboard side. The aspect was not particularly attractive, but was intently viewed by the WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 59 troops. Ships of the Union blockading fleet were sighted about 2.30 p. m., and a hour later more warships were passed. At 4 p. m., the Constitution dropped anchor in Mississippi Sound, half a mile off the westerly end of Ship Island. Here the voyage of the Constitution ended. The New Haven Palladium, Dec. 19 1861, states that "At Ship Island, on the 4th, Major Frye, of the Connecti- cut Qth, accompanying Gen. Phelps to the island pre- vious to the disembarkation of the troops, hoisted upon the lighthouse there the beautiful American flag pre- sented to the regiment just before its departure from this city." Ship Island had been selected as the rendezvous for the troops that were to act in conjunction with the fleet for the capture, from the Confederates, of New Orleans. In the War of 1812, the island had been used for a similar purpose by the British, preparatory to their attack on the same city, then defended by that gallant soldier of Irish parentage Gen. Andrew Jackson. On the morning of Dec. 4, 1861, everybody aboard the Constitution was awake at an early hour, and after break- fast, began preparing to go ashore. About 9 o'clock, a river steamer, the Henry Lewis, came alongside. She took the Twenty- sixth Massachusetts on board and landed the regiment at the wharf on Ship Island. At 10 a. m., the Ninth Connecticut regiment, and the Fourth Massachusetts Light Battery, were conveyed from the Constitution to the wharf by the same steamer. An hour later, a lot of camp equipage was brought ashore and the soldiers began securing their belongings. The Henry Lewis continued plying back and forth some time, transferring supplies and other material, and at about 4 o'clock in the afternoon the troops went into camp on the island. The Ninth was located on ground near the lighthouse, with the Twenty-Sixth Massachusetts close by. The Massachusetts Light bat- tery was located at the rear of Fort Massachusetts, about 60 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. 300 yards from the wharf. The men slept soundly that night. The next day, the various commands did consider- able work toward improving their respective camps. Gen. Phelps established his headquarters in a house formerly occupied by the keeper of the light. The steamer Henry Lezvis continued plying back and forth this day, between the Constitution and the wharf, and brought ashore a great amount of supplies. These were taken in charge by the commissary and the quartermaster. Ship Island is a dreary place, eight or ten miles long, and varying in width from a few hundred yards to a mile. It is about ten miles from the nearest mainland and a few hours by steamer from the mouth of the Mississippi. The island is little more than a big sand bar, and the walking in the loose sand is neither easy nor pleasant. The water be- tween the island and the mainland is known as Missis- sippi Sound. Through this sound, the enemy had been carrying on an extensive trade with New Orleans and Mobile. They used river steamers, chiefly. The Henry Lewis, for instance, already mentioned, had thus been used by the rebels, and was bound from New Orleans to Mobile, with a cargo of sugar and molasses, when cap- tured by our blockading fleet. Ship Island is one of a chain of islands, the others including Cat Island, Horn Island, Petit Bois Island and Dauphin Island. Of these, Cat Island is about five miles to the westward of Ship Island, and Petit Bois is about sixteen miles to the east- ward. One of the few good points about Ship Island was that water could easily be obtained by digging a hole, three or four feet deep, in the sand. Before the war, the island had been a Summer resort for wealthy families of the Gulf States, on account of the health-giving breezes. A large hotel had been located here, but about all that remained of it now was a chimney, 25 or 30 feet high, and a pile of debris. Sharks and porpoises were in evi- dence in the waters surrounding the island, and thou- sands of gulls collected daily in the neighborhood. On W 'A R OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1*65. 61 one part of the island was a forlorn forest of oak and pine. Ship Island was well situated as a base for opera- tions against New Orleans. At the breaking out of the war, the U. S. Government was constructing a fort on the island, the large force of men engaged being under Lieut. F. E. Prime, U. S. Engineer. On July 6, 1861, a Confederate force, consisting of three companies of the Fourth Louisiana Infantry, under Capt. Higgins, ar- rived on two steamers from New Orleans, landed on the island, captured Lieut. Prime and his men and sent them North. The Confederates then landed guns, ammuni- tion and supplies, erected barracks and started to com- plete the fort. At 7 o'clock on the evening of Sept. 16, 1 86 1, the Federal gunboat Massachusetts, and the sloops- of-war Marion and Preble, appeared off the island, so alarming the enemy that the latter evactuated, having, be- fore their departure, set fire to the barracks and shanties, the woodwork of the fort, and the lighthouse. Since then our people had been in possession of the island. The fort Massachusetts had been put in as good con- dition as circumstances would permit and, when the Ninth Connecticut landed, was garrisoned by 170 seaman and marines under command of Lieut. Thomas McKean Buchanan, executive officer of the gunboat Massachusetts. In an easterly direction from Gen. Phelps' headquarters could be seen all that remained of the English ship Elisa- beth Bibby, that had been driven ashore by our gunboats while she was endeavoring to run the blockade with a cargo of coal. Among the vessels of the Federal blockading fleet in these waters, at the time the Ninth landed on Ship Island, was the gunboat Nezv London, Lieut-Commander Reed. She was formerly a propeller and plied between New London, Conn., and New York City. She was of 221 tons, 125 feet in length, and was purchased by the U. S. Government in Aug., 1861, for $30,000. In her new sphere of action her armament included four 32-pound 62 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. broadside guns and one 3O-poimd rifled pivot, which latter she carried in her bow. She rendered excellent service during the war. Dec. 4, 1 86 1, Gen. Phelps issued a proclamation against slavery. This was considered a premature act and was disavowed by his superiors. Phelps, believing that a temporizing policy was to be followed, eventually resigned. Late in the afternoon of Dec. 7, the Constitution having completed unloading, departed for Boston. She was heartily cheered by men of the Ninth, and other com- mands, gathered on the beach. At Ship Island the Ninth received its arms the En- field rifles already mentioned. Dec. 9, 1861, Col. Cahill issued "Circular No. i," containing instructions as to the use of the arms, and requiring every man "not detailed for some particular duty or on the sick list" to be kept at drill every available moment. Dec. 13, the Colonel issued "'Regimental Order, No. 6," establishing the fol- lowing routine : Reveille at daybreak. Police call immediately after roll call. Surgeon's call at sunrise. Breakfast at 7.30 a. m. Company Drill from 8.30 to 10.30 a. m. Guard Mounting at 9 a. m. Officers attend target practice at 10.30 a. m. Recall from fatigue at 12 m. Dinner at 12.30 p. m. Police at i p. m. Company drill from 2 to 3 p. m. Recall from police at 3 p. m. Battalion drill by wings from 3 to 4 p. m. Dress parade at 5 p. m. Supper after dress parade. Tattoo at 9 p. m. Taps ten minutes after tattoo. Sunday inspection at 8 a. m. Guard mounting immediately after inspection, at dress parade or at such hour as may be ap- pointed. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863 63 Saturday afternoon was to be devoted to "a thorough cleaning of quarters, tents, knapsacks, arms, accoutre- ments, etc., and to washing clothing, preparatory to the Sunday inspection." Regimental Order No. 7, required that commanders of companies in the Ninth would "forthwith make a requisition upon the Quartermaster for the number of knapsacks required for their com- mands, having those before issued ready to return. They will also make a requisition forthwith for the number of canteens,, blankets and tin cups now needed in their sev- eral commands. The Quartermaster-Sergeant will com- mence to issue on the above requisitions a 8 o'clock a. m., to-morrow * * * ." Speaking of the early part of the Ninth's stay at Ship Island, the CrofFut-Morris work on Connecticut during the Rebellion says of the regiment : "The men were still wretchedly clad, and it was midwinter. Nearly half of them were without shoes and as many more without shirts; several had no coats or blankets. Some drilled in primitive attire of blouse and cotton drawers. The tents were hardly capacious enough to cover them. There was no straw to sleep on. They were without transportation, and were obliged to bring the wood for their fires four miles. This was made into rafts, and men almost naked, in water up to their arms, floated it down to camp. The Twenty-sixth Massachusetts was equipped with warm blankets, ample tents, and two uniform suits of clothing per man; and to them the members of the Ninth furnished a contrast which would have been amus- ing if it were not humiliating. With the buoyancy of the Irish character, the men were hopeful, and during these severe months sent home to their families not less than twenty thousand dollars, almost their entire pay." On another occasion while some of the Ninth were en- gaged unloading vessels, or in similar work, "they came upon a stock of canvas shoes consigned to the post sutler. These Col.Cahill immediately appropriated, receipting for 64 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. them on his own account, and distributing them among his barefoot command. Gen. Phelps could find nothing in the regulations authorizing such an act ; but the Colo- nel found sufficient justification in the paramount law of necessity," and the men kept the shoes. The sutler was later reimbursed by the government. During all its privations, the regiment never flinched. When, finally, fully uniformed and equipped, the Ninth was excelled in appearance by no regiment in the service. Lieut. John G. Healy, 1 of the Ninth, in writing home from Ship Island, under date of Dec. 12, 1861 ; says: "For the first time since this island was dis- covered, Mass was offered up on last Sunday. I will try and picture to you the scene. In front of one of the tents, and before a rudely constructed altar, knelt about one thousand soldiers. Father Mullen, our worthy chap- lain, was offering up the sacrifice of the Mass. There in the soft, white sand the poor fellows prayed prayed to God to protect their wives and children, their fathers, mothers, brothers and sisters prayed to God to send them home safe to those dear ones they had left behind. After Mass, Father Mullen preached an excellent ser- mon, and during that time there were very few dry eyes. Our chaplain is in good health. He wishes to be remem- bered to you all." Making another entry, under date of Sunday evening, Dec. 15, 1861, the same officer says in his letter: "We had Mass again this morning [in the camp of the Ninth], and a much larger congregation than on last Sunday. At an early hour, all the Catholics in the Twenty-sixth regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, came down and the U. S. Marines from the fort and off the gunboats attended. * * * In fact, Father Mul- len had quite a congregation." 1 Afterwards, successively, Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel. CAI-T. TERENCE SHERIDAN. LIEUT. MCH'L MULLINS. LIEUT. FRANCIS McKiiuN. CHAPTER V. REVIEWS AND INSPECTIONS ON SHIP ISLAND OFFICERS OF THE NINTH WITNESS TARGET PRACTICE BY ARTIL- LERYGENERAL BUTLER AND FAMILY ARRIVE ON THE ISLAND THE NINTH PARTICIPATES IN AN EXPE- DITION TO BILOXI, MISS. THE ENGAGEMENT OFF MISSISSIPPI CITY REBEL GUNBOATS COME DOWN UNDER COVER OF DARKNESS AND OPEN HOSTILITIES. T^vECEMBER 24, 1861, opened with pleasant weather, -L^ and the Ninth early received notice that a review and inspection of the troops was to take place that day. This was to be in honor of Commodore McKean, com- manding the fleet outside, who was to visit the island. At the appointed time, he put off from the Niagara, in his cutter, and landed on the wharf at I p. m. Here he was duly received, and an artillery salute was fired by the Fourth Massachusetts battery. As the hour for the re- view neared, line was formed, at 2 p. m., on the parade ground, by Col. Jones. The Twenty-sixth Massachusetts was on the right, the Ninth Connecticut on the left, and the Massachusetts battery in the centre. Gen. Phelps and his staff, with Commodore McKean and other visit- ors, took up position on a sandy knoll in front of the line and about 300 feet from the centre thereof. The column was set in motion at 2.30 by Col. Jones, and marched in review. The soft, yielding sand made the march very fatiguing. Half an hour later, the troops halted in their original position and got ready for inspec- tion. "This duty," says an eye-witness, "was rigidly per- formed by the General himself, the smallest article carried by the men not escaping his keen eye; while the naval officers who accompanied him appeared to be much in- terested in the manner of the army doing this business." 5 66 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Inspection was over at 4 p. m., and the men were dis- missed to their camps. An hour later, Commodore McKean returned to the Niagara. Writing from Ship Island, Christmas evening, 1861, Col. John G. Healy, of New Haven, then a lieutenant, informs his relatives at home that "We had Mass here to-day at 6, 7 and 10.30 o'clock. I had the honor of serving. Oh ! how differently was our chapel trimmed from that of St. John's [in New Haven]. In a large tent, with a rough-looking altar before him, Father Mullen offered up the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, with nothing under his feet but the bare ground. * * * After Mass, he preached a sermon and when he repeated the words : 'Behold, I bring you glad tidings of great joy !' I could, as it were, hear the choir of St. John's singing that beautiful psalm. * * * Ours was the only tent on the island that was trimmed. We got a few bushes and tied them up on the outside and inside of the tent. Some of the boys in the company got up a dinner which was, indeed, excellent. They bought some potatoes, cabbage, and some preserved turkey an article which is put up in cans. After they had the table 'set,' they invited us up to their tent and we certainly had a good dinner ; but how different from the Christmas dinners at home !" On Dec. 31, the troops were again reviewed by Gen. Phelps. The line was once more formed under the supervision of Col. Jones, and was made up as on the pre- vious occasion, viz: The Twenty-sixth Massachusetts on the right, the Ninth Connecticut on the left and the battery in the centre. The column was in heavy march- ing order and moved forward in review at 9.30 a. m. The march was about a mile and a half in length, through the soft sand. Inspection followed, and was concluded about 11.30 a. m., when the Ninth, and the other commands, were dismissed to their quarters. The officers of the Ninth Connecticut and Twenty-sixth Massachusetts, and many of the men, went to a point near Gen. Phelps' head- WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 67 quarters, on the afternoon of Jan. 14, 1862, to witness tar- get practice by the Massachusetts Light Battery. The target was the wreck of the English ship Elizabeth Bibby, already mentioned, located about a mile and a half away. Gen. Phelps was an interested spectator of the shooting. The battery fired seventeen rounds of spherical case shot. Seven of these struck the wreck, the remainder going very close. The result was quite satisfactory, as this was the battery's first attempt in that line. Day by day, events of interest were transpiring. Ships were arriving from the North with horses, supplies or munitions, captured vessels were being brought in and other incidents were taking place. During the week of Jan. 22, 1862, a bakery was established on the island, and the men were treated to fresh bread. Some excitement was caused among the Ninth, and other troops, in the forenoon of Jan. 23, by the appearance, about four miles off shore, of the Confederate gunboat Crescent. She was under a flag of truce and had come from New Orleans. She was met by the Union gunboat Water Witch and escorted to the U. S. flagship Niagara. The beach was lined with men of the Ninth, and their comrades of the other commands, who watched every movement of the rebel craft. About 2 p. m., the latter departed. It was stated that her object in coming was to demand the re- turn of a captured vessel brought in a couple of days be- fore. The demand was, of course, refused. On Feb. i, 1862, the George Green sailed from Ship Island for Bos- ton, Mass. She had on board some members of the Ninth who had been discharged on account of disability, and also some men of the Massachusetts organizations, discharged for like reason. Corporal Peabody of the Massachusetts battery, writes, under date of Feb. 2, 1862 : "Sunday. Pleasant weather to-day. * * * At i o o'clock, 51 of our men mounted and, under command of Lieut. Henry Davidson, left camp on a ride to the timber. Unfortunately, none of 68 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. us being horsemen, we had a hard time managing our horses, especially when passing the Ninth Connecticut, which being drawn up in line on the parade in front of their camp, were being drilled in firing by regiment, blank cartridges being used. This firing greatly fright- ened our horses. A general stampede ensued, the ani- mals flying in all directions. Many of our men were thrown into the sand and left there to return to camp on foot. I managed to hang on to my horse and got into camp at noon without having to walk." The Ninth had now been on the island two months, and various reports began to circulate among the troops. One was to the effect that the projected expedition against New Orleans had been abandoned, and that the troops would be sent to Fortress Monroe. Another re- port had it that there were but twenty days' rations left on the island, and so the stories went on, being asserted, doubted and contradicted. On Saturday forenoon, Feb. 8, the English steamer Labuan, which had been captured near the mouth of the Rio Grande river, by the U. S. S. Plymouth, was brought in by a prize crew. The U. S. transport Constitution, which had long been expected on her return trip from Boston, appeared off the island on the forenoon of Feb. 12, and created the wildest enthu- siasm. The men from Connecticut vied with those from Massachusetts as to whom would be the first to reach the beach to welcome her. When within a couple of miles of the island, she hove to and fired a gun "which found an echo in the throat of every man on the beach." The Constitution had on board the Twelfth Maine In- fantry ; the Eastern Bay State regiment, and three com- panies of Massachusetts unattached cavalry, the whole force 2,400 men being under the command of Col. Shepley. In the afternoon, the troops landed and went into camp. Washington's birthday anniversary, Feb. 22, 1862, was observed on the island by an artillery salute of WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 69 34 guns. The Ninth paraded in front of its camp, the band playing "The Star Spangled Banner" and other pa- triotic airs. Similar exercises were held by the other or- ganizations present. An incident of considerable interest occurred while the Ninth was aboard the Constitution, in Dec., 1861, en route to Ship Island. When the regiment arrived at Lowell, from New Haven, it was found that a large number of boys had followed the regiment from home. They were all sent back, at least it was then so thought. But some time after leaving Fortress Monroe, it was reported to Gen. Phelps that there were stowaways aboard. They were all located, and when questioned gravely declared they belonged to the Ninth. The oldest of the boys was but fourteen years of age. The report was brought into the cabin, and Gen. Phelps, turning to Col. Cahill, said : "Colonel, these boys say they belong to the Ninth Con- necticut !" Col. Cahill proposed that the General and himself go out on deck and interrogate the youths themselves. They did so. The boys were called up, one at a time. The first boy said that he was fourteen years old, and that he was born in Randolph, Vt. When he told Gen. Phelps his name the General said, with a smile : "Colonel, that is enough !" The boy was a son of Gen. Phelps' next door neighbor in Randolph. The boys were mustered into the service and some of them were added to the boys of the Ninth's drum corps. Others were assigned to other organiza- tions aboard. The drummer boys of the Ninth were a brave set, and never faltered wherever called. They were greatly admired by the little bootblacks and newsboys of New Orleans. The regular monthly review and inspection was held on Ship Island, Feb. 28, the line being formed at 9 a. m., and in the following order : 7 o NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Twenty-sixth Massachusetts Infantry, Col. Edward F. Jones. Fourth Massachusetts Light Battery, Capt. Chas. H. Manning. First Co., Massachusetts Unattached Cavalry, Capt. S. Tyler Reed. Second Co., Massachusetts Unattached Cavalry, Capt. James Magee. Third Co., Massachusetts Unattached Cavalry, Capt. H. A. Durivage. Eastern Bay State Regiment, Acting Col. Jonas H. French. Twelfth Maine Infantry, Col. George F. Shepley. Ninth Connecticut Infantry, Col. Thomas W. Cahill. The line wheeled into column by companies, at 9.30, and passed in review before Gen. Phelps and staff, who occupied the familiar sand knoll. The march through the sand was, as usual, very tedious, but the men ac- quitted themselves handsomely. The inspection by Gen. Phelps was very thorough, and the line was dismissed at noon. Regimental Order No. 13, dated Feb. 24, 1862, refer- ring to Co. K of the Ninth says : " * * * Lieut. John Carroll of Co. F of this regiment, is hereby assigned to the. command of said Co. K until further orders, and Lieut. Charles S. Palmer of Co. I, heretofore in command of said Co. K, having been promoted by order of General Phelps, commanding U. S. forces on Ship Island, by Brigade Order No. 27, to the post of Acting Asst.-Quar- termaster of this Post will, therefore, on receipt of this order turn over to Lieut. John Carroll such property as may be in his possession, belonging to said Co. K." The Twelfth Connecticut regiment, Col. Henry C. Deming, arrived on Ship Island, March 8 per steamer Fulton, together with six companies of the Thirteenth Maine, Lieut.-Col. Henry Rust. The force aggregated IV A R OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 71 1,600 men and was commanded by Col. Deming. Also arrived this day, the ship North America, with the Four- teenth Maine, Col. Frank S. Nickerson. In the after- noon of March 8, an expedition of 100 men from the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts, under Col. Jones, em- barked on the steamer Calhoun for Mississippi City, located on the mainland about ten miles away. The object of the expedition was to learn the strength of the enemy and to ascertain if a lodgment could be made so that a new camp could be established there. On reaching Missis- sippi City, Col. Jones marched inland a few miles, had an engagement and was forced to retreat, having one man wounded. The expedition arrived back at Ship Island at ii p. m. The ship Idaho arrived from Boston March 9, 1862, having on board four light batteries, viz: the First Vermont, Second Vermont, First Maine and Sixth Massachusetts about 550 men in all. The camp of the Ninth was not without a little humor, now and then. A member of the regiment tells about an incident of this character. He says : "There was big Dennis and his educated pig. The latter was of a stray, wild breed, with stripes, and had been captured on the island. Dennis named the pig 'Jeff Davis," taught him to stand on his hind legs, hold a pipe and perform various other evolutions. The pig became quite a pet in camp. Gen. Phelps on going his rounds one day, noticed Den- nis and the pig, and was invited to witness a 'review.' The General laughingly consented, and Dennis pro- ceeded to put 'Jeff Davis' through a regular 'drill' with pipe and stick. Gen. Phelps was heartily amused by the performance. The pig went with Dennis to New Or- leans and from thence was sent to New Haven by ex- press." In Regimental Order No. 14, issued to the Ninth, March 16, 1862, it is stated that "Adjutant Alfred G. Hall of this regiment has been appointed aide-de-camp and acting assistant adjutant-general on the Brigade 72 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. staff, by Brigade Order No. 35. In consequence of the above appointment, Patrick T. Claffee is hereby ap- pointed acting-adjutant, subject to the confirmation of His Excellency, the Governor of the State of Connecti- cut, and will be obeyed and respected accordingly." St. Patrick's Day, 1862,, was appropriately celebrated by the Ninth. The regiment was excused by Gen. But- ler from routine duty that day, and made the occasion one of festivity in camp. Troops continued to come. Brig.-Gen. Thomas Wil- liams and staff arrived off the island on the afternoon of March 12, on the Constitution, together with three regi- ments the Sixth Michigan Infantry, Twenty-first In- diana and Fourth Wisconsin. They landed next day. March 20, the Mississippi arrived, having on board Major-Gen. Benjamin F. Butler and family, who had been taken on board at Fortress Monroe. The Missis- sippi also brought the Thirty-first Massachusetts and four companies of the Thirteenth Maine. Gen. Butler landed on the island, March 23, and was given an artillery salute of thirteen guns from the fort. On March 29, he issued General Order No. 8, covering the embarkation of troops for a movement against New Orleans. The troops selected included the Ninth Connecticut, and numbered about 6,000 men comprising the brigades of Gen. Phelps and Gen. Williams. All preparations were made and many of the troops were embarked, when orders were received countermanding the embarkation, and or- dering the troops already on board ship to return to the island. The reason for this, it was stated, was that "Farragut had as yet been unable to get his large ships over the bar at South West Pass." Gen. Butler's staff at Ship Island comprised the fol- lowing: Major George C. Strong, assistant adjutant- general, ordnance officer, and chief of staff ; Capt. Jonas H. French, aide-de-camp, and inspector general ; Capt. Peter Haggerty, aide-de-camp ; Capt. George A. Kensel, CHAPLAIN DAN'L MULLEN. CAPT. JOHN DUFFY. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 73 chief of artillery; First Lieut. W. H. Weigle, aide-de- camp ; First Lieut. James W. Gushing (Thirty-first Mass. Vols.), acting chief quartermaster ; First Lieut. James E. Easterbrook (Thirty-first Mass. Vols.), acting chief com- missary; First Lieut. Godfrey Weitzel, chief engineer; First Lieut. John C. Palfrey, assistant engineer; First Lieut. Charles N. Turnbull, chief topographical engineer; Surgeon Thomas H. Bache, medical director; Major Joseph M. Bell, volunteer A. D. C. ; Capt. Richard S. Davis, volunteer A. D. C. ; First Lieut. J. B. Kinsman, volunteer A. D. C. ; Second Lieut. H. E. Clark, volun- teer A. D. C. And now an event of unusual importance took place. On the forenoon of April i, 1862, the gunboat New Lon- don brought to Ship Island a small schooner, captured near Biloxi, Miss. In addition to the crew, there had been on the schooner, previous to capture, a married couple with their child, the latter being about five years of age, traveling from Mobile to New Orleans. Upon the appearance of the Yankee gunboat the parents be- came frightened, abandoned the child and escaped in a small boat. Capt. Reed of the Nezv London brought the child to Ship Island and gave her in charge of Gen. But- ler. The next morning, Major Strong, Captains French and R. S. Davis, and Lieutenants Turnbull and Kinsman of Gen. Butler's staff, Capt. Conant of Co. G, Thirty- first Massachusetts, and others, with the little girl, em- barked in a sloop and, under a flag of truce, left for Biloxi, to place the child in the hands of the authorities there, intending to have them return her to her parents. The sloop reached Biloxi, the child was placed in safe hands and the Union party had returned to the sloop and started for Ship Island. On the way out of Biloxi, the sloop grounded on a sand bar, whereupon the enemy, disregarding the flag of truce, fired upon her. This conduct of the rebels so angered Gen. Butler, that the Ninth Connecticut regiment, and the Sixth 74 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Massachusetts battery, were at once ordered to Biloxi to punish the foe. The men embarked on the Henry Lewis and started at 3.45 p. m., April 2, accompanied by the New London and the /. P. Jackson. Among those going with the expedition were Major Strong, of Gen. Butler's staff, and a number of other officers volunteering for the expedition. Col. Cahill had command of the Ninth, and the orders were to burn the town if an apology were not promptly forthcoming. The Third Mississippi regiment, (Confederate), had been occupying Biloxi, but had fallen back some miles into the country. The Federal landing was, therefore, unopposed save by a single bloodthirsty individual. The inhabitants of the place lined the beach, as the Yankees approached, "and one wild son of Missis- sippi stood on the wharf, rifle in hand, defying the troops to come on shore." He soon consented to retreat, how- ever, and was later captured. Col. Cahill took posses- sion of the town. The mayor had disappeared, but in a short time he was captured and brought in. He proved that he was not responsible for the firing on the Yankee sloop, and that the authors of the outrage were stragglers over whom he had no control. So the town was spared. Soon after our troops landed at Biloxi, writes Lieut, (afterwards Capt. and Lieut. -Col.) Healy of the Ninth, a guard was "sent to the residence of the mayor for the purpose of bringing him to headquarters to apologize for the firing on the flag of truce. The officer in charge of the guard, Capt. Wright of Co. G (of the Ninth), was instructed that if he could not find the mayor, he was to bring a member of the latter's family, as hostage, and to leave word for him to come after, inside of one hour, or we would bring the captured member of the family to Ship Island. Capt. Wright and the guard started out, but could not find the mayor. So they brought in the latter's wife. In less than a hour, the mayor made his appearance and was taken to headquarters." W 'A R OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 75 The inhabitants were a poverty-stricken, wretched lot of people and drew exclamations of pity, even from the soldiers. The troops established themselves in the cen- ter of the town, pickets were thrown out, an attack pre- pared for, but none came. It was soon rumored that a force of the enemy, 1,800 strong, was at Pass Christian, twenty miles to the west- ward. A conference between Col. Cahill and Major Strong was held, to consider the situation, and it was de- cided to sail down and attack the place. They had no orders from Gen. Butler to do this, but relied upon the success they were confident they would achieve, to justify them in the course. Accordingly on the evening of April 3, the Ninth and the rest of the troops re-em- barked on the Henry Lewis, which was armed with two three-inch Sawyer guns in her bow. That night, she anchored off Mississippi City. About 4 a. m., April 4, while the Lewis was still at anchor, the three rebel gun- boats Pamlico, Oregon and Carondelet, having stolen down in the darkness, made a furious attack upon her. At the time the attack opened, Col. Cahill of the Ninth was aboard one of the Federal gunboats arranging a plan for the contemplated movement against Pass Christian. He was advised to hurry to the Henry Lewis and "run her into shoal water so that when she sunk, the men could get ashore. He started at once, and returned in an open boat through the midst of the fire. A rebel gunboat was plying savagely, with shot and shell, the crowded transport. Several shots took effect. One passed through the wheelhouse ; one crashed through the cabin, turning Father Mullen, the chaplain, suddenly out of his berth. * * * Such is a description of the engage- ment, given by the Croffut-M orris volume, which thus continues: As soon as Col. Cahill "was within hailing distance, he shouted to his men to fire; and the saucy little pieces instantly replied to the enemy's guns. The 7 6 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. rebel was now near and broadside to. The officers of the Ninth superintended the firing." One shot shattered a rebel pilot-house; "another cut the tiller rope. The Lewis had all steam on and was backing towards shore. Soon the overmatched rebel gunboats made off, rapidly pursued by our own." Another account of the fight states that the rebel gun- boats had "stolen down Lake Borgne in the darkness, to within cannon-shot of our little fleet. The Henry Lewis received the first fire of the enemy, the Carondelet sending a ten-inch shot, (i2O-pounder), through the cabin, which smashed things generally, and another shot carried away her wheelhouse. The rough treatment the Lewis was receiving, for a few moments threw the Ninth Connecti- cut regiment and Everett's battery into much confusion, but soon the battery got their little guns at work and returned shot for shot. At the time the Carondelet pitched into the Lewis, the Pamlico and Oregon attacked the New London and Jackson [gunboats] . At 4.30 (a. m.) 3 our gunboats having succeeded in getting under way, opened fire and moved toward the enemy. * * * Capt. Reed of the New London, with the same reckless daring he always exhibits in action, pushed his little ves- sel into the thickest of the fight in an attempt to bring the Carondelet to close quarters ; but his attempts in this direction were all defeated, the enemy continuing to re- treat up the lake, fighting at long range until 6 a. m., when they withdrew from the conflict and steamed away toward New Orleans." During the fight, besides the damage to the Henry Lewis, the New London was struck in the cutwater, and Capt. Conant, of the Thirty-first Massachusetts, who was aboard the Lewis, was slightly wounded. Corporal Peabody of the Fourth Massachu- setts Light Battery thus describes the interest displayed at Ship Island while the foregoing engagement was in progress : WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 77 "April 4, Friday. With the first streak of day, our company was aroused by the sound of heavy firing. Turning out, the boys rushed to the outside of the fort, and then we learned the cause of the disturbance. Away in the direction of Biloxi, we saw a succession of bright flashes, to.be soon followed by the report of heavy guns, which revealed to us the fact that our gunboats were en- gaging those of the enemy. For a time, the fight seemed to be stationary, but, finally, a change in the direction of the flashes, indicated that the vessels were under way and appeared to be falling back. At this juncture, 4.30 a. m., Commander Homer C. Blake, of the gunboat Hatteras, slipping the anchor, dashed away under a full head of steam, to aid in the fight. For over an hour more the fight went on, the heavy guns on both sides belching out every minute. * * * It was a big audience that witnessed this little fight, nearly every sol- dier on the island being collected around the fort and along the beach." One of the Ninth's officers states that after leaving Biloxi for Pass Christian "everything went on well until about 4 o'clock the next morning, when three rebel gunboats were seen coming toward us. The Captain and myself occupied one of the staterooms. I was awakened by hearing someone say that there were three rebel boats coming after us. I got out, went into the cabin, returned to my stateroom, and just as I was putting on my coat a shell from the enemy struck our boat. It went through the cabin and knocked a hole in the room we were in. But, thanks be to God, we were not injured ! Then the excitement commenced. The New London and Jackson fired away at the rebel boats and they fired at us." A shot from the New London "knocked the wheelhouse off one of the rebel boats, tak- ing the two legs from the pilot." An examination was then made to ascertain how many were injured on the 7 8 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Henry Lewis. It was found that only a few were hurt and they slightly. "One of the officers present (Capt. Conant), received a slight wound in the leg. Two of the Ninth's band were slightly wounded. Michael McDon- ough of our company (C of the Ninth), received a slight wound on the cheek, occasioned by part of a shell that had burst. The piece hit him hard enough to draw blood. I never saw men like those of the gallant Ninth ! It was as much as the officers could do to keep them in a safe place. I saw some of them coolly lighting their pipes and smoking while the enemy was firing. They were as cool as cucumbers." CAPT. ELLIOT M. CURTIS. CHAPTER VI. THE FIGHT AT PASS CHRISTIAN THE NINTH LANDS AND MARCHES THROUGH THE PLACE MEETS A CONFED- ERATE FORCE BEYOND GALLANT CHARGE BY THE MEN FROM CONNECTICUT CAPTURE OF THE FLAG OF THE THIRD MISSISSIPPI WARM COMMENDATION FROM GEN. BUTLER THE START FROM NEW ORLEANS. SOME hours after the close of the engagement with the rebel gunboats, preparations were completed for the attack on the enemy at Pass Christian. The Federal squadron had, in the meantime, been increased by the arrival of the gunboat Hatter as, About 10 or ii a. m., the same day, April 4, 1862, the squadron moved up toward the wharf at the place men- tioned. It was expected that the landing would be con- tested, as a report had been received that the rebels had a regiment of infantry, two companies of cavalry and a battery of artillery in the place. Before the Ninth, and Everett's battery, landed, therefore, the gunboats threw a few shells into the woods and into some of the principal buildings. The troops then went ashore and finding no rebel force, immediately went in search of the latter. "Col. Cahill of the Ninth, and Major Strong of Gen. Butler's staff, with four companies of the Ninth, went out on the main road in rear of two companies of the Ninth, deployed as skirmishers, and commanded by Capt. French of Butler's staff. Lieut.-Col. Fitz Gibbon and Major Frye, each with two companies of the Ninth, de- ployed to the right and left of the road. In this order, the line moved forward for two miles, when the enemy, comprising several companies of the Third Mississippi infantry, Brown's battery and Norman's cavalry the whole force commanded by Lieut.-Col. Mellen of the 8o NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Third were found drawn up in line of battle. A sharp fight ensued in which the rebels were beaten and driven to Camp Suggville, which our troops captured, together with the fine silk flag of the regiment. In this fight, Pri- vate John Leonard, Co. A, of the Ninth Connecticut, was wounded and the only man hurt. He was struck in the left arm, below the elbow. After this engagement, our troops returned to Pass Christian and camped there until the next morning, Nov. 5. * * * This morn- ing (Nov. 5) the boys of the Ninth and of Everett's Massachusetts battery are feeling jubilant over the fight of yesterday, and well they may. * * * Another account states that the Third Mississippi "Kept up a constant fusilade as the Ninth advanced; but the latter fired one volley, and charged with an Irish 'Y-a-a-a-a-ah !' " when the defenders of the soil broke and ran to the woods. The victors scattered themselves through the comfortable camp, and made themselves at home. Capt. Lawrence O'Brien, (then a lieutenant), found in the commander's tent this dispatch to Gen. Lovell, (Confederate), at New Orleans: 'The Federals are landing in force. I shall defend the place. Have eight hundred infantry, two companies of cavalry, and two batteries." The ink was not dry when he was re- treating, demoralized, in the direction of a force that had gone to recapture Biloxi. "The camp was well provided and amply furnished ; the officers' quarters even possessing a piano. They aban- doned tents and equipage, arms and ammunition, food and everything else ; and the Ninth loaded the transport with as much as they could carry back to the island. Next morning, they embarked ; and, before leaving, a committee came down and expressed the thanks of the citizens for the good conduct of the soldiers during the night. The regiment returned to the island in high spirits, bearing among their trophies sundry wrought- iron bowie knives (one of them marked 'Yankee exter- WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 81 initiator 1 ) and a beautiful silk flag (of the Third Missis- sippi), carried off in spite of the tearful protestations of the fair rebels who made it." Col. John G. Healy, of New Haven, then a lieutenant in the Ninth, wrote the following little sketch of the Pass Christian affair shortly after: "A white flag was hung out of one house, but we took no notice of it, as it was not in the proper place. We started to go up to the dock, but went aground instead, so that the troops had to be landed in small boats. The first companies landed were sent out as skirmishers and on picket duty. As we landed before the color company, the Colonel ordered our com- pany to take charge of the colors until the landing of that company. The Ninth formed in the principal street and awaited further orders. We very soon received informa- tion that the rebels were encamped within six miles of us. We procured a guide and started to meet them. We had marched some time when the pickets discovered them coming to meet us. We w r ent on but a short dis- tance further, when they fired a shell at us, but it did no damage. They had fired a few more shells, when our artillery came up and replied." The enemy soon fell back to a bridge where they intended to make a stand, but, as the same officer continues, "we soon routed them again, firing as we advanced. They attempted to destroy the bridge, but we were too close upon them. We fixed the bridge so that the artillery could pass, and then went on. Just before we had come to the bridge, one of our skir- mishers came in and informed us that the rebels had a masked battery a short distance from the left of our com- pany. At this time the company was in the woods in support of the skirmishers. I went to the main body of the regiment and informed Major Strong of what I had heard. He gave orders for us to charge the battery and capture it. I transmitted the order to the Captain and he immediately commanded: 'Double quick!' and you may well say it was quick. I never saw men rush for- 6 82 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. vvard so in my life. But we were disappointed, for on reaching the place where we supposed the battery to be located, we found that it was only a kind of decoy. The rebels had felled some trees and put them together so that at a short distance away the structure looked as though constructed for a battery. We then marched by company front upon the camp of the rebels." In ac- cordance with orders, this was afterwards burned. Capt. Lawrence O'Brien, of New Haven, then a lieu- tenant, writing about the attack on the rebels at Pass Christian, says : "We were separated in columns of com- panies and attacked them from so many points that the enemy imagined we were a brigade. When we were close upon them, they broke and fled in disorder, leaving all their camp equipage in our possession. In this charge, my company had to cross a bayou over which we all attempted to leap, but only a little more than half our number got over with dry feet. Capt. Patrick Garvey and some of the men were compelled to climb the bank, while I and the other members of our company, who had cleared the stream, were in advance. Capt. Garvey shouted to me : 'Keep them at it !' So we rushed on and were the first to reach the rebel camp. I rushed to the deserted headquarters, and upon a table found the following dispatch: [See foregoing]. * * * I gave this dispatch to Col. Cahill in presence of Dr. Charles A. Gallagher and our chaplain, Father Mullen. The Colonel delivered it to Major Strong, who reported it to Gen. Butler. While we were attacking the left wing of the enemy, Capt. William Wright charged on their right and captured a new flag which had been presented the Third Mississippi the day before. This was one of the first flags captured by the Union troops during the war, and was sent North to become one of the attractions at the big Sanitary Fair held in New York city. I never saw such enthusiasm as that displayed in this charge on the rebel camp, every officer and man endeavoring to distin- WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863, 83 guish himself. All the prizes we could not carry away from the captured place, we burned. * * * We secured a quantity of note paper at the post office, with Confed- erate printed headlines. This was sent to our friends in the North and prized by them as souvenirs. We returned to Ship Island loaded down with trophies of war. All the troops rushed down to the landing and gave us a most welcome reception back home to the island." Col. Cahill afterwards wrote concerning these events at Biloxi and Pass Christian : "While at this place, [Biloxi], we received reliable information that the enemy were encamped in some force, (two regiments, a battery and two companies of cavalry), at Pass Christian, some twenty miles distant. * * * Accordingly, on the night of the second day, we left Biloxi, and with the gun- boats [New London and Jackson], sailed down the sound. A storm came up suddenly, and it being impossible to navigate in those waters, having no good pilots, we were obliged to come to anchor below Mississippi City, where, at an hour before daylight the next morning we were attacked by three rebel gunboats, the Pamlico, Oregon, and Carondelet, bringing eleven heavy guns into action. The New London and Jackson, however, came gallantly up to their work. * * * The anchors of the Lewis had got fouled in some way, and we experienced great difficulty in getting under way, being all the time under a very heavy fire. Accompanying us were two guns of the Sixth Massachusetts battery, 3-inch steel rifles with which we kept up a rapid and accurate fire, damag- ing the enemy considerably. "The enemy finding he was getting the worst of the fight, made for the shoals off Cat Island, where our gun- boats could not follow, and escaped. All this occupied considerable time, and it was late in the afternoon before we could land the men and the two small guns. We got them all ashore by 6 p. m., and immediately moved on the enemy, whom we ascertained to be about three or four 84 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. miles from the landing. We found the enemy advancing in column, with artillery in front. We received the fire from his two pieces of artillery. I ordered a charge, and the enemy broke, and ran for a bridge across a creek in his rear, tearing up the bridge. After a short delay, we crossed and followed in pursuit, but being obliged to drag our guns by hand, we could not overtake him. We fol- lowed him to his camp, and destroyed and carried away all his camp and garrison equipage, remaining on the ground until 9 p. m." In view of the results attained, Gen. Butler issued the following : HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF, April 12, 1862. GENERAL ORDERS No. 10. The Major-General commanding desires publicly to testify his appreciation of the gallant courage and good conduct of the Ninth Connecticut Volunteers, Colonel Cahill commanding, and a section of the Sixth Massa- chusetts Battery, on a recent expedition to Biloxi and Pass Christian * * * . Of their bravery in the field he felt assured, but another quality, more trying to the soldier, claims his admiration. After having been for months subjected to> the privations necessarily incident to camp life upon this island, these well-disciplined soldiers, although for many hours in full possession of two rebel villages filled with what to them were most desirable luxuries, abstained from the least unauthorized interference with private property and all molestation of peaceful citizens. This behavior is worthy of all praise * * * . The General commanding commends the action of the men of this expedition to every soldier in this department. Let it be imitated by all in the towns and cities we shall occupy, a living witness that the United States soldier fights only for the Union, the Constitution, and the en- forcement of the laws. By command of MAJ.-GEN. BUTLER, GEORGE C. STRONG, A. A. General. In its issue of April 30, 1862, the New Haven Palladium notes the fact that : "A member of the Ninth Connect!- W 'A R OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 85 cut regiment, writing home to his wife, mentions that after the rout of the rebels at Pass Christian, a party [of the Ninth] proceeded to a small house to ascertain if refreshments of some kind could be obtained. At the house they recognized a woman there as an old acquaint- ance, who formerly resided in New Haven. The family were utterly destitute, and all [the men] could obtain was a drink of buttermilk. They paid her ten cents apiece for the buttermilk, and then distributed the crackers in their knapsacks to the children." In a letter to Col. Cahill, in 1862, after the events at Biloxi and Pass Christian, Governor Buckingham of Connecticut, wrote: "It is hardly necessary for me to say that the conduct of your men meets my cordial ap- proval, and I am proud of both officers and their com- mand." A circular issued to the Ninth, April 10, 1862, by the Colonel, states that "Sergeant Walter Maloney, of Co. A, and Sergeant Patrick Ingoldsby, of Co. C, are appointed color sergeants of this regiment, and will be exempt from all guard duty." On April TO, 1862, Col. Cahill issued Regimental Order No. 20, from the camp of the Ninth on Ship Island. The order provided as follows : First Lieutenant M. A. Williams, of Co. A, is hereby appointed to the office of captain, made vacant by the resignation of Captain John Duffy. Second Lieutenant John Cogan is appointed First Lieutenant, [vice] Wil- liams, promoted. First Sergeant Farrell H. Gallagher, of the same company, is also appointed a second lieutenant, vice Second Lieutenant Cogan, promoted. The above appointments will take effect from the date of Captain Duffy's discharge (April 10), and are subject to the confirmation of His Excellency, the Governor of the State of Connecticut, and will be obeyed and re- spected accordingly. The following non-commissioned officers are hereby appointed in Co. A, the date of their appointment to take 86 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. effect from April i, 1862, and will hereafter be obeyed and respected as such : For First Sergeant, Thomas Starkey, Second Sergeant, Michael Kennedy. Third Sergeant, Joseph Gahagan. Fourth Sergeant, William Scully. Fifth Sergeant, Walter Maloney. Quartermaster-Sergeant Nathan I. Bennett is also pro- moted acting First Lieutenant and Quartermaster of the regiment, vice Lieutenant W. W. Harrall, Quartermaster of the same, resigned. Sergeant Wright, of Co. I, is promoted Quartermaster-Sergeant, vice Bennett, pro- moted, and both will be obeyed and respected accord- ingly. Quartermaster Bennett, appointed, will be subject to the confirmation of His Excellency, the Governor of the State of Connecticut. First Sergeant Henry McKenna, of Co. C, is hereby appointed Second Lieutenant of the same company, vice Second Lieutenant John Shaw, resigned. The date of appointment to take effect from April I, 1862, and subject to the confirmation of His Excellency, the Governor of the State of Connecticut, and will be obeyed and re- spected accordingly. The following named Sergeants are also appointed, and will be obeyed and respected in the same order in which they stand : For First Sergeant, Dennis Gately. Second Sergeant, Patrick Ingoldsby. Third Sergeant, Bryan Donohue. Fourth Sergeant, Peter Donnelly. Fifth Sergeant, James Mullen. The above appointments of non-commissioned officers to date from April I, 1862. Second Sergeant [J. B.] Prescott, of Co. K, is ap- pointed First Sergeant of Co. F, vice First Sergeant Ryan, resigned. Second Sergeant, Timothy Ryan. Third Sergeant, Fred Jervis. [Jewett?] Fourth Sergeant, Daniel Leahy. who will be obeyed and respected accordingly. The date of their appointments will take effect from April I, 1862. * * * Third Sergeant Tallmadge, Co. K, is also appointed Second Sergeant in the same company, vice Prescott, promoted [to be First Sergeant of Co. F]. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865 87 Gen. Butler tells of an amusing incident that happened while the Ninth was on Ship Island. He says, in sub- stance, that one day a detail from the regiment was sent to the upper portion of the island to relieve a party from the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts, which was engaged cutting wood. It was foggy when they came to the place of meeting, and as the two bodies of men approached each other the first thought was that they must be Con- federates, each party seeming so to the other. Both began to get ready for a fight, when a quick-witted Irish- man of the Ninth exclaimed : "Be me soul, Captain, I believe that these are the Twenty-sixth's boys. Let me find out; I will give the countersign !'' "The- countersign?" exclaimed the officer, "What countersign have you?" "Oh, aisy, Captain!" and he stepped forth and cried out: "Connecticut over the fence!" The men on both sides broke out into roars of laughter, and all danger of a collision was averted. On the morning of April 9, 1862, Gen. Butler had issued orders for a grand review that day, of all the troops on the island. The review ground was located about two and a half miles from the fort, and "east of the line of camps of the army." Gen. Butler and staff occu- pied a knoll in front of the centre of the line. At 2 p. m. the troops began moving forward in review. The line was made up as follows, the Ninth having the place of honor : FIRST BRIGADE. BRIG.-GEN. JOHN W. PHELPS. Ninth Connecticut, Col. Thomas W. Cahill. Twelfth Connecticut, Col. Henry C. Deming. Eighth New Hampshire, Col. Hawkes Fearing, Jr. Fourth Massachusetts Battery, Capt. Charles H. Man- ning. 88 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. First Vermont Battery, Capt. G. W. Duncan. Second Vermont Battery, Capt. P. E. Holcomb. Third Company Massachusetts Cavalry, Capt. H. A. Durivage. SECOND BRIGADE. BRIG.-GEN. THOMAS WILLIAMS. Twenty-first Indiana, Col. James W. McMillan. Twenty-sixth Massachusetts, Col. Edward F. Jones. Thirty-first Massachusetts, Col. Oliver P. Gooding. Sixth Michigan, Col. Fred W. Curtenius. Fourth Wisconsin, Col. H. E. Paine. Sixth Massachusetts Battery, Capt. Charles Everett. Second Company Massachusetts Cavalry, Capt. James Magee. THIRD BRIGADE. COL. GEORGE F. SHEPLEY (TWELFTH MAINE) COM- MANDING. Twelfth Maine, Lieut.-Col. W. K. Kimball. Thirteenth Maine, Col. Neal Dow. Fourteenth Maine, Col. F. S. Nickerson. Fifteenth Maine, Col. J. McClusky. Thirtieth Massachusetts, Col. N. A. M. Dudley. First Maine Light Battery, Capt. E. P. Thompson. First Company Massachusetts Cavalry, Capt. S. Tyler Reed. The whole force, including parts of the Seventh and Eighth Vermont regiments, numbered about 12,000 men. The review was an unqualified success, and was over at 4 p. m. This review was considered by the men to indi- cate that an important movement of some kind was about to take place, and so it proved. Gen. Butler issued, on April 10, 1862, "General Orders No. 9," providing for the embarkation of troops, for the movement against New Orleans. They were to embark the next day, in the following order: WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 89 On board ship Great Republic: the Twenty-first Indiana, Fourth Wisconsin, and Sixth Michigan, regi- ments. On board steamer Mississippi: Twenty-sixth and Thirty-first Massachusetts regiments, Brown's Sappers and Miners and the Sixth Massachusetts battery. On steamer Matcmzas: the Ninth Connecticut regi- ment and the Second Vermont battery. On the North America: the Thirtieth Massachusetts regiment, Reed and Durivage's Massachusetts Cavalry, and the Fourth Massachusetts battery. On ship E. Wilder Farley: the Twelfth Connecticut regiment. Each regiment was ordered to "take three tents, and the detached companies of cavalry, artillery, and pioneers, one tent each. The remaining tents will be left standing. The troops will carry their camp kettles, mess pans, cups, plates, knives and forks, and each soldier his knapsack, overcoat, blanket, one extra shirt, one extra pair of drawers, one extra pair of shoes, canteens, and in his haversack four days' cooked rations. They will also take all the axes, hatchets, picks, shovels, and spades, they may have in possession. Officers' baggage will be lim- ited to bedding and one valise, bag or knapsack. No trunks in any case to be taken. The remaining baggage of officers and men will be properly secured, as compactly as possible, marked, and turned over to the division quartermaster. Captains of companies will be held re- sponsible that every soldier has in his cartridge box 40 rounds of ammunition. The troops will be inspected at 6 p. m., to-day, to see that this order has been complied with, as far as may be necessary at that hour, to insure promptness in the embarkation to-morrow. One non- commissioned officer for each regiment will be left behind to turn over the baggage, tents, etc., to the chief quarter- master." The next day, April n, a storm prevailed, and the 9 o NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL INFANTRY. troops did not embark. They did begin embarking, how- ever, on Tuesday morning, April 15. "All our boys," writes a participant, "seem much pleased at the prospect of a change of scene, and active service. Still, sweet mem- ories of the island, so barren and desolate, and our home for 132 days, will ever remain with us. Since the first troops landed on this island, Dec. 4, 1861, to April 9, last, fifty men have died, and are buried there." Shortly before the Ninth left Ship Island, Private Robert Walsh of Company E, was accidentally killed, being shot through the heart. He belonged in New Haven, and was a good soldier and comrade. His death was much regretted. The date of the fatality was April 14, 1862. Private Martin Burke, of Company B, was injured at Ship Island in February, 1862. He was of Cheshire, Ct. He recovered from his injury and was mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, his term of service having expired. The embarkation of the troops was completed Wednes- day forenoon. The transport fleet hauled out at 4 p. m., and anchored two miles off shore to await the darkness, so that further movements would be covered. The troops aboard 8,000 men comprised the brigades of Generals Phelps and Williams. Quarters were provided aboard the Mississippi for Gen. Butler's family, and the steamer Saxon was headquarters ship for Butler and his staff. Gen. Phelps and staff had quarters aboard the Matanzas with the Ninth, while Gen. Williams and staff were quar- tered aboard the Great Republic. The Third Brigade re- mained on the island. That night between 8 and 9 o'clock, the fleet weighed anchor and stood out to sea. The steamer Matanzas, with the Ninth aboard, was towing the E. Wilder Farley; the Mississippi had the North America in tow ; and the gun- boat /. P. Jackson had the Great Republic. The course taken was a little south of west. CAPT. MCH'L MCCARTEN. CAPT. T. C. COA-IES. CAPT. WM. WRIGHT. CAPT. PATRICK GARVEY. CHAPTER VII. ARRIVAL OF THE NINTH AT THE SOUTH WEST PASS UNDER FIRE AT THE ATTACK ON FORTS JACKSON AND ST. PHILIP ENTERS THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS PROCEEDS, LATER, TO CAMP PARAPET, UP THE RIVER LEAVES THERE FOR THE CITY OF BATON ROUGE, THE CAPITAL OF LOUISIANA ENGLAND'S ENMITY TO THE UNION. THE trip of the Matanzas, with the Ninth on board, to the South West Pass, was devoid of special inci- dent. The steamer continued towing the E. Wilder Farley, on which was the Twelfth Connecticut. Thursday morn- ing, April 17, 1862, opened clear and warm. Officers and men of the Ninth were early on deck. At intervals, ships of the Union blockading squadron were sighted, while the coast line could be dimly seen just above the horizon. As the Matanzas neared the Pass, the interest of those on board continued to increase. The gulf coast of Louisi- ana is not remarkable for attractiveness, but on this occasion every feature was noted with interest by the men aboard the ships. Arrived at the Pass, the Ninth had a view of the U. S. frigate Colorado, and the British frigate Rinaldo, anchored there. Entering the Missis- sippi, the great "Father of Waters," the Ninth beheld a desolate scene. The waters of the mighty river are of a yellowish hue which they assume after their confluence with the Missouri. This hue is caused by the mud brought down in such great volume that it tinges the fierce current of the river for several miles out into the Gulf. The bed of the Mississippi, near its mouth, is con- tinually changing in character, forming new bars that puzzle and menace the pilots. It was these bars that so retarded Farragut in getting his big ships into the river, 92 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. and it was only after transferring the heavy batteries from the ships to lighters that he at length succeeded. Crowded conditions prevailed aboard the Matanzas. Only 260 men could be accommodated below decks at a time and, therefore, the men had to sleep by reliefs, that is, a part at a time. On one occasion, the Matanzas took the Great Republic in tow, the latter being helpless owing to the loss of her rudder. Sixty miles below New Orleans, then held by the rebels, and toward the mouth of the river, were Forts Jackson and St. Philip, strongly constructed and heavily armed by the Confederates, for the defence of the city. The rebels considered them impregnable, and believed they would prove an impassable barrier to any Union force attempt- ing to come up the river from below. But in this they were mistaken, as the result proved. Some twenty-two miles below the forts, just mentioned, were the heads of the five passes of the Mississippi through which access could be had to the gulf. These passes were the South West, the South, the South East, the North East and Pass a la Outre. The largest and most utilized of these was the South West. As the Ninth, aboard the steamer Matanzas, proceeded up the river, by way of the South West Pass, the men gazed upon the neighboring shores. " Do you know of the dreary land, If land such region may seem, Where 'tis neither sea nor strand, Ocean, nor good, dry land, But the nightmare marsh of a dream? Where the Mighty River his death-road takes, 'Mid pools and windings that coil like snakes, A hundred leagues of bayous and lakes, To die in the great Gulf Stream?" Pilot Town, a cluster of houses, was noted about two miles from the mouth of the river, and elicited much com- ment. The houses were all built on piles to keep them clear of the river. Here resided gulf and river pilots, WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 93 from whom the place derived its name. Nearby, stood a tower, 75 or 100 feet high, used by the pilots for keeping a watch on the river and gulf in search of vessels needing their services. A naval hospital was also located at this point. Anchored near Pilot Town were the barque A Imo and the gunboat Miami. The Ninth continued up the river toward the head of the passes already mentioned. Not long after, could be heard the boom of the heavy guns of Farragut's fleet, including the mortars of Porter's flotilla, in their bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip. A member of the Ninth, writing, after the war, of this period, says: * * * The actS} j believe, are these: Gen. Phelps being on board the Matanzas with the Ninth was extremely anxious to witness the bombardment of the forts and, pushing by Gen. Butler, moved up in their direction. Soon a solid shot came skipping across the bow of the Matanzas. '' 'Col. Cahill, what do you suppose they're firing for?' facetiously inquired the General. ' 'I don't know, sir !' replied the Colonel in the same vein. " 'Nor I, either!' rejoined the General. 'Go on!' "Butler is reported to have been very much offended at this action, but Phelps witnessed the fighting and enjoyed it like the veteran soldier that he was." Capt. Lawrence O'Brien, of the Ninth, writes : "While we were on board the Matanzas, the latter was employed in towing many of the sailing vessels close up to the fleet. Two of Porter's mortar schooners were taken in tow by us after they had been disabled by the guns of the forts. The Matanzas was twice under the fire of both forts, and while we were making fast to the disabled mortar schooners, shots from the forts passed clear over the deck of our steamer. A large heavy chain which had been stretched across the river between the forts was cut in two by sailors of the fleet, and on April 23 Farragut 94 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. was all ready to run his fleet past the forts. As each vessel passed us., we knew that the great and final effort was about to take place. Darkness came on, but there was no sleep for soldier or sailor that eventful night. A red light had been hoisted at the masthead of the Hartford, Farragut's flagship. The forts commenced firing after midnight, and continued for some time. We, of the Ninth, could see the answering flames of fire from the sides of our fleet, the whole making an almost continuous blaze of light. We knew when our friends were past the forts by the flash and noise from above. In the morning, we were ordered to sail with the transports around to the rear of Fort St. Philip, and one regiment, the Twenty- sixth Massachusetts reached the river bank above. We were preparing to attack the "forts when the latter sur- rendered. * * * We were then ordered to return on board our vessels, and sailed up to New Orleans." So confident were the Confederates in the strength of the two forts that a New Orleans paper declared : "We have made such extensive preparations to receive them, [the Union forces], that it were vexatious if their invinci- ble armada escapes the fate we have in store for it." Farragut's force comprised 47 armed vessels. The mortar boats, under Porter, took the lead, and on April 1 8, began the attack on Fort Jackson, and were sup- ported by the gunboats. The forts were not at first much affected by this attack, and it was decided to run by them on the night of the 23d. It was a perilous undertaking. The night was an intensely dark one, and at 2 o'clock in the morning the daring passage began. " Right abreast of the Fort In an awful shroud they lay, Broadsides thundering away, And lightning from every port; Scene of glory and dread ! A storm-cloud all aglow With flashes of fiery red, The thunder raging below, And the forest of flags overhead !" WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 95 In addition to the opposition of the forts, Farragut also had to contend with a Confederate naval force, but was victorious against every odd. While the movement was in progress, Butler landed his troops and got them around to the rear of Fort St. Philip, thus bringing about a prompt surrender of that stronghold. As soon as the news of the Confederate disaster reached New Orleans,. a great panic ensued there. Peo- ple fled from the city, cotton was got ready to be set on fire, some $4,000,000 in specie was removed from the banks, and other steps hastily taken. Upon the approach, April 25, of Farragut, Gen. Lovell, the rebel com- mander, and his forces deserted the city, the torch was applied to cotton on the levee and 15,000 bales were burned; also a large number of steamers, uncompleted gunboats and other vessels. Farragut kept the city under the guns of his fleet until May i, when Gen. Butler took possession. The loss of New Orleans was a staggering blow to the rebels. Fort St. Philip had a record as a place of defence, previous to the construction of Fort Jackson. It was Fort St. Philip that, in the war of 1812-15, held an English naval force at bay for over a week and at last obliged it to retire down the river. An exciting incident took place early on the morning of April 27. A spectator thus describes it : "At 3 a. m. everybody on board was aroused from his sleep, in a hurry, and rushed on deck to ascertain the cause. Look- ing up the river, we saw a large raft loaded with all sorts of combustible material coming down, whirling and twisting with the current. It had been sent down by the rebels and was only about three miles above us, and the glare sent up by this mass of burning stuff lighted up the surrounding country with the brightness of day. As it swept swiftly down, we could see that the raft was about 200 feet long by about 50 in width. It was piled high with what seemed to be pitch pine, and sent up smoke and flame to a height of about 40 feet. When the 96 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL, INFANTRY. raft was less than a mile from the line of gunboats, the Jackson slipped out and, under a full head of steam, dashed at the raft, striking it amidships and scattering the fire in all directions into the river. Lines were then hitched to the raft and, being towed to the west bank, it was grounded and allowed to burn itself out." Passing up the river toward New Orleans, a soldier thus records what he saw : "Some time after leaving Quaran- tine, the scenery on both banks of the river began to change. In place of low, swampy lands, beautiful planta- tions began to appear. We saw people working in the fields, riding in carriages on the roads behind the levee, beautiful villas nestling in groves of fine trees. * * * Some of the plantations that we passed seemed deserted, as nobody could be seen. At one plantation, we saw about 50 negroes at work on what seemed to be sugar cane. All hands, even the overseer, stopped in their work to gaze at the Yankees. At intervals we passed a house upon which the white flag appeared. Again, we would pass a house which displayed a small flag the Stars and Stripes at door or window. Whenever this happened, there was tremendous cheering on board. About 4 p. m. we were up with a fine plantation, located on the east bank. The owner's residence, a beautiful white house with broad verandas about it, and embowered in a fine grove of trees, was thrown open and the verandas were occupied by the family. As we passed it, we were greeted with handkerchief waving, and, suddenly, out of the front door, appeared the Stars and Stripes. Our troops yelled, their delight was so great at this incident." At Chalmette, some miles below New Orleans, the rebels had con- structed two batteries, one on each side of the river, but the guns of Farragut's ships easily knocked them to pieces. Another battery about a mile above Chalmette experienced a like fate. Upon taking possession of New Orleans, Gen. Butler established his headquarters at the St. Charles Hotel. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 97 Nearby was posted the Sixth Massachusetts battery and other troops. The populace was in an ugly mood and soon after his arrival, Butler decided to parade a regiment through the city as an object lesson. He selected the Ninth Connecticut, then quartered at the Reading Cotton Press, for this purpose, an honor the regiment duly ap- preciated. The command made a fine showing, and the effect on the belligerent populace was a salutary one. While the Ninth was in New Orleans, at this time, Pri- vate Mark O'Neil, of Company D, while taking a walk in the city on the evening of May 4, 1862, was attacked and assassinated by thugs. He was in uniform at the time,, and alone. When information of the murderous happening reached the quarters of the Ninth, the men of the latter became furious and evinced a desire to rush out and wreak vengeance for the loss of their comrade. They were finally quieted, however, by their officers. Private O'Neil belonged in New Haven and had enlisted Sept. 27, 1861. When Butler took possession of the city he was confronted by many serious difficulties. The populace was sullen and, though not openly hostile, found many ways in which to show their dislike for the new-comers. Butler, however, was fully equal to the situation, as he abundantly demonstrated. Among the Confederate or- ganizations in the city had been one known as the "Foreign Legion," which was promptly put out of ser- vice upon Butler's arrival. England's enmity to the Union was well known, hav- ing been frequently displayed during the war. The Croffut-Morris work, speaking of the organization of the Thirteenth Connecticut, recalls that "England was just beginning to take sides with the Confederates; so the mustering-officer, in addition to the usual oath, bound the men to serve 'against England or any foreign power that may wage war against us.' ' In New Orleans at the time of Butler's advent was a 98 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Confederate military company, composed of Englishmen. Parton, the historian, speaking of this company, says : "The British Guard consisted of fifty or sixty English- men, old residents of New Orleans, many of them men of large property and extensive business. On returning to their armory, late in the evening, after the disbanding of the Foreign Legion, they had held a formal meeting, at which it was voted to send their arms, accoutrements, and uniforms to the camp of General Beauregard. On learning this, a few days after the occupation of the city,- General Butler sent for Captain Burrows, the commander of the company, who confessed the fact. The general then directed him to order his company to leave New Orleans within twenty-four hours ; and declared his in- tention to arrest and confine in Fort Jackson any who should fail to obey the order. The violation of the law of neutrality had been clear and indefensible. These men had enjoyed for many years the protection of the United States government, under which they acquired wealth and distinction, and then embraced the first opportunity that had offered to give material aid to its enemies." This action by Gen. Butler, as might be expected, called forth an exhibition of brazen effrontery from the acting British consul, who unblushingly declared that the enforcement of the order would "infringe the rights of British subjects residing in New Orleans." But Butler replied: "I intend this order to be strictly enforced. I am content for the present to suffer open enemies to remain in the city of their nativity ; but law- defying and treacherous alien enemies shall not." The order was enforced. Every member of the Eng- lish company got out of New Orleans, except the Cap- tain and another, who soon found themselves incarcer- ated in Fort Jackson. On another occasion an Englishman had boasted that he had challenged a Union officer to a duel, but that the latter had cowardly avoided the encounter. Butler heard WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 99 of the Englishman's boast and sent for him. After get- ting him to admit that he had lied when he made the boast, and that the latter had no basis in fact, Butler re- quested him to sign a paper to that effect. But the Englishman refused, saying in substance: "You may fill my head with bullets, but I will never sign that paper!" "Very well," nonchalantly replied Butler, and, turning to an officer, remarked : "Arrange to have the prisoner executed at sunrise. I am going to dinner." And forthwith, the General left the apartment. He was gone but a short time, when a messenger came run- ning up to him with the information that the Englishman had signed. So the latter's life was spared. Speaking of the Trent case, and the Slidell-Mason affair, Boynton's History of the Navy During the Re- bellion remarks that: "Almost as simultaneously as the telegraph could flash the account over the Kingdom, Great Britain blazed with excitement, and the real spirit of England was fully revealed. The feelings of hostility toward the North, which had been partially held in check for decency's sake, had now found an occasion and an excuse, if not a proper cause. It showed, in a manner that American statesmen would be wise to> remember, even when it is forgiven, how, beneath all the friendly manifestations which lie on the surface, the old feeling of dislike and even animosity toward our country remains in the heart of England, so that a very slight cause will kindle it into a flame that will burn with all its former intensity of passion. England may respect us, may de- sire and seek our friendship ; but while she remains as she now is, a country of classes, she cannot be a sincere and hearty friend." Gen. Butler once expressed his opinion that we made a mistake in not accepting England's challenge at that time, even with civil war on our hand. "England of her own soldiers," said he, "has never had more than twenty- ioo NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTR Y. five thousand men on any one battle-field. The time has gone past for buying Germans to fight her battles. We had more soldiers starve at Andersonville than England had men at Waterloo' and a large part of those at Waterloo were commanded by an Irishman. * * * Ninety days would have enlisted Irishmen enough to take Canada. * * * When patriotic Irishmen began to learn that there was a chance for war with England, they came to me in squads. And if I had said to them : ''Yes, I want you to march to Canada and take that first, and then for the western coast of Ireland, or against any Englishmen we can find against us down South,' I could have filled up not only one or two regiments in Massachusetts, but eight or ten." Lossing, referring to England's sympathy for the South, observes that "The Confederates organized a navy department, and gave places to the officers who had de- serted the National flag ; but their means for the creation of a marine force were insignificant. So they looked to Europe for aid, and, in the greed of England for the 'supremacy of the seas,' they found a steadfast friend and a helper. The first formidable pirate ship put afloat was the Sumter, Capt. Semmes, whose destructive career was ended at the close of 1861. Meanwhile, arrangements were made by the Confederates with Laird, a member of the British Parliament and a ship-builder, at Liverpool, to construct several powerful steamships for their use. The Oreto (afterward Florida) was soon at sea, and, in September, 1862, she ran the blockade at Mobile under English colors. She went to sea again in December, and made havoc among American merchantmen. She was never again in a Confederate port, but always found a welcome in British colonial harbors. "Semmes was soon in command of a powerful vessel, built by Laird, called the Alabama. She was essentially a British pirate ship, with a Confederate commander and flag ; and she fulfilled the expectations of the British ship- WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 101 ping interest, by frightening American commerce into British vessels, and giving them a monopoly of the carry- ing trade. She always avoided our national vessels sent after her. She was finally blockaded in the French port of Cherbourg, by the Kearsarge, Captain Winslow. The French Government ordered the pirate to leave their waters. She went out on the I5th of June, 1864, met the Kearsarge, and, after a short conflict, was sent to the bot- tom of the sea. Tier commander and others were picked up by an English vessel in attendance, which carried them to England to save them from their conqueror." The Alabama, says Lossing, "was built, armed, and furnished in England, and almost wholly manned by Brit- ish subjects, several of them from the Royal navy. She sailed out of England under a British flag, and was always welcomed into British ports. And before she went into battle with the Kearsarge, her commander, in a little speech to her officers and crew, repeated the words of Lord Nelson, 'England expects every man to do his duty!' She was not allowed to carry her prizes into British ports, and so her commander generally plundered and burnt them at sea. The Alabama captured and de- stroyed 64 American vessels." The estimated value of property destroyed by the pirate was $10,000,000. The Rev. Frederic Denison, in his History of The Third Rhode Island, states that: "However others may, we cer- tainly never shall forget how, through English sympa- thy and English capital, the slaveholders' Rebellion was encouraged and strengthened and prolonged. * * * We were obliged to contend with English sentiments and English guns. After due consideration we have cred- ited the toil, treasure and blood of the last two years of the war to England a heavy account certainly. * * * As John Bull selfishly, if not madly, gored us in the hour of our calamity and affliction, we shall claim the right of remembering our wounds in the years of our prosperity." The Ninth remained in New Orleans but a few days, 102 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTR Y. at this time, being then transferred to Camp Parapet, about seven miles above the city. This fortified camp had constituted one of the defences of New Orleans, and comprised fine earthworks, some two and a half miles in length. The rebels had mounted twenty-nine guns in the place. During the stay of the Ninth in New Orleans, it was thus referred to, May 3, 1862, by the Evening Delta of that city : "A regiment of soldiers this morning took up their line of march, apparently towards the Jackson Rail- road station. The crowd that followed them was much larger than any w r e have yet seen upon the streets upon any similar occasion. We think that this idle curiosity displayed by our citizens has had sufficient vent, and it is high time that orderly people were betaking themselves to indoor amusements. If they have nothing to do, let them stay at home, avoid the sun, and preserve their health." From which, the temper of the Delta could be readily judged. Corporal Peabody of the Fourth Massachusetts battery, already quoted, writes in his diary, under date of May 5, 1862: "Monday. Weather clear and hot. * * * After dinner an up-river movement began. The Ninth and Twelfth Connecticut, except one company of the Ninth, embarked on the steamship Mississippi, and, about 2 p. m., sailed for Carrollton, some miles north of the city. Shortly after the departure of the big steam- ship, the river steamer Diana hauled into Pier 17 [New Orleans], and taking on the baggage and guard of the troops just gone, cast loose about 4 p. m., and proceeded up-river. About 4.30 o'clock, the river steamer Ceres hauled into Pier 17 to take on board our battery. De- positing knapsacks, haversacks and canteens on the mid- dle deck, we returned to the pier and began loading battery; this work we completed about 6 p. m. At 6.15, lines were cast loose and we started up-river. We had a fine view of the river up and down for several miles. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 103 * * * All along the levee in the city, were river steamers, some partially burned and many others burned to the water's edge. * * * About 7 p. m., we passed the beautiful town of Carrollton, on the east bank of the river, and about five miles above New Orleans. Fifteen or twenty minutes later, we reached Camp Parapet, two miles above Carrollton. * * * Here we found the Mississippi, anchored out in the river, and the Diana at the levee and tied up. The Ceres also hauled into the levee at the stern of the Diana and made fast for the night." The next morning, May 6, 1862, the Diana was busily engaged transferring the Ninth and Twelfth Connecticut regiments from the Mississippi to the shore. The Fourth Massachusetts Light Battery landed from the Ceres. By noon, nearly all the property of the Ninth regiment was on shore. The troops, numbering about 2,000 men, went into camp, the line being made up as follows, from right to left : The Ninth Connecticut on the extreme right on the low ground toward the Matarie Ridge road. Then came, in line, the Third section of the Massachusetts bat- tery, under Lieut. Taylor; the Second section, under Lieut. Davidson ; the Twelfth Connecticut regiment ; and then the First section of the battery. This section was located in a charming orange grove. The entire force was commanded by Gen. Phelps, who had established his headquarters in the rear of the Twelfth Connecticut. Gen. Phelps' staff was made up as follows : First Lieut. Alfred G. Hall, Ninth Connecticut, A. D. C, and acting assistant adjutant-general; Surgeon William B.Brownell, Twelfth Connecticut, medical director; First Lieut. Erwin U. N. Hitchcock, Seventh Vermont, A. D. C. ; First Lieut. Frank Wells, Thirteenth Connecticut, quar- termaster and commissary ; First Lieut. George W. Pot- ter, Twelfth Connecticut, provost marshal. The fortifications of Camp Parapet extended from the river to a point in the swamps between Matarie Ridge 1 04 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL . INF A NTR Y. road and Lake Ponchartrain. The rebel garrison had consisted of Louisiana troops. Across the river on the west bank the enemy had also constructed a redoubt, mounting six guns. Previous to vacating Camp Para- pet, they had dismounted and spiked the guns and thrown fifteen of them into the river. The gun carriages had been set on fire, and the platforms and traverses smashed. A huge raft had previously been constructed, and stretched across the river as an adjunct to the fortifi- cations to prevent Davis' fleet and Halleck's troops from getting by from above. But the Federal forces had at- tacked the rebels in the rear and compelled them to abandon the works. The location of the Ninth at Camp Parapet was less desirable than the ground occupied by the other organi- zations, but the men made the best of their surroundings and improved their quarters as much as circumstances would permit. The -;;ater of the Mississippi was gener- ally used for Ashing and cooking purposes, and though yellow ; nue, it was found to be clean and quite cold. Tiie Ninth had a good view of vessels going up or down the river, and this added variety to the scene. On the afternoon of May 7, the steamer Diana, which had gone down to New Orleans, returned, bringing Weitzel's com- pany of Pioneers to camp. There was already consid- able sickness at Camp Parapet, and the chief trouble being diarrhoea, attributed largely to the river water. On Sunday afternoon, May 18, Gen. Butler and his staff passed through the camp. Capt. Michael McCarten, of Co. C, of the Ninth, had resigned April 15, 1862. He was one of the most popu- lar officers in the regiment, and his departure was very generally regretted. He resigned on account of the serious illness of his wife, her physician expressing the opinion that if the captain did not soon return home she would not live. Capt. McCarten felt very badly over this piece of information, and received much sympathy from WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. jo 5 his brother officers. He wrote out his resignation and tendered it. After some difficulty, it was accepted, and he made preparations to leave. This was shortly before the Ninth left Ship Island for the South West Pass. Lieut. John G. Healy, of the Ninth, had been pro- moted in April, and succeeded Capt. McCarten, as cap- tain of Co. C, of the regiment. While at Camp Parapet, in May, Capt. Healy was ordered to take a detail and proceed to the Court House in Carrollton. Information had been received that some boxes of arms and ammu- nition had been stored in the Court House, by the enemy, and Capt. Healy was directed to get possession of these. He accordingly selected fourteen men and marched to the place, entered the village, and, followed by a large crowd, proceeded to the building just mentioned. Ar- riving at the Court House, he posted a guard to keep back the crowd, and then entered the building. A thor- ough search was made, but nothing in the line of war material was found, save a number of empty musket boxes. Capt. Healy next visited the jail to ascertain the number of prisoners. He found twenty-three confined there, but as none had been locked up for political of- fences, he did not release any. Capt. Healy discovered two men in the village with loaded muskets. He took these muskets away from them, and let the two men go. Corporal Michael P. Coen, of Company F, of the Ninth, writing home to Waterbury, from Camp Parapet, May 24, 1862, informs his relatives that "We have got a full suit of new clothes here now, of a style similar to those of Gen. Thomas Francis Meagher's Irish Brigade, sky blue overcoats, dark blue or black dresscoats, blue trousers with a green stripe, high black dress hats with a pair of green tassels, a green scarf of silk around the waist, besides our belts," etc. On May 21, 1862, Adjutant Alfred G. Hall, of the Ninth, who was then acting assistant adjutant-general on the staff of Gen. Phelps, started for Lake Ponchar- 1 06 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFA NTR Y. train, accompanied by Corporal W. M. Peabody of the Fourth Massachusetts Light Battery. They set out on horseback at 7 a. m., and reached the lake about two hours later. The scenery at this point was beautiful, and the place had been a popular Summer resort. Lake Ponchartrain is some forty miles long by twenty-five miles in width, forming a magnificent sheet of water. Here Adjutant Hall and Corporal Peabody separated, the former embarking for Ship Island, and the Corporal returning to Camp Parapet with the horses. The Fif- teenth Maine regiment landed at Camp Parapet May 31. The same day, the Ninth Connecticut began embark- ing at 10 a. m., enroute to Baton Rouge. The regiment and its camp equipage was all aboard about 4 p. m., lines were cast off and the two steamers conveying the Ninth and its appurtenances headed up the river. Baton Rouge is about 123 miles above where Camp Parapet was located. A good idea of the scenes along the route is given by a soldier, who went up the river some weeks after the Ninth. He says : "About 6 a. m., passed Kenner, a small town on the east bank of the river, eleven miles above Camp Parapet. About 2 p. m., we were up with the beautiful town of Donaldsonville, on the west bank, fifty-four miles by river from Camp Para- pet. All the way to this point we had seen fine planta- tions, but about this vicinity the scenery was magnificent, surpassing anything we had heretofore witnessed on the river. All nature is smiling on magnificent fields of cot- ton and sugar cane, while the white villas of the planters, snugly ensconced among fine and cool-looking groves, and the plantation hands, working in the fields, would almost lead one to believe that profound peace reigned in the land. But after a glance inboard, the sight of a i2-pounder cannon looking you in the face changes your thoughts." Baton Rouge is located on the east bank of the river, and was then a place of some 7,000 people, and the capital of the State of Louisiana. It is built mainly WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 107 on a bluff, the latter extending from a point about ten miles below the city to Port Hudson, many miles above. The capitol building, or State House, was quite an im- posing structure, with handsome grounds. The building had been set on fire by the enemy, on the approach of the Union forces, and badly damaged. Brig.-Gen. Thomas Williams took possession of the city, for the Union, May 10, 1862. At the time the Ninth arrived in Baton Rouge, there were two churches there, a Catholic and a Presbyterian. The former was built of brick, in Gothic style. A rectory adjoined it, and, as was stated at the time, "the reverend father is at home to all visit- CHAPTER VIII. THE NINTH'S HEAVY LOSSES NEAR VICKSBURG, MISS. GREAT SUFFERING WHILE AT WORK ON THE "CUT- OFF" CANAL THE BATTLE OF BATON ROUGE COL. CAHILL OF THE NINTH ASSUMES COMMAND OF THE UNION FORCES ON THE DEATH OF GEN. WILLIAMS HIS OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE ENGAGEMENT THE REBELS ARE DEFEATED. THE city of Vicksburg, Miss., located at a bend on the east side of the Mississippi, above Baton Rogue, La., had been strongly fortified by the rebels. It commanded the river at that point and blockaded navi- gation up and down. Heavy batteries had been erected on the bluffs overlooking the river. The Union commanders decided to reopen navigation by cutting a canal across the peninsular at Vicksburg, thus changing the course of the river, isolating the city and enabling the Union forces to avoid the batteries of the enemy. The Ninth Connecticut was a part of the expeditionary force, under Gen. Wiliams, for this purpose. Under date of Baton Rouge, June 17, 1862, Col. Cahill issued a regi- mental order to the Ninth, covering the embarkation of the command. This order provided that the latter should go aboard as follows: On the steamer Diana: the Field and Staff; Band and Field Music; Company D, Company E, Company F, Company I. On steamer Burton: Company B, Company C, Com- pany G ; Capt. Wright of Company G, to be in command. On steamer Sallie Robinson: Company A, Company K, Company H ; Capt. Sawyer of Company H, to be in com- mand. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 109 Says the Croff tit-Morris work : "Coming in sight of batteries which the rebels had posted here and there to command the river, the infantry would go ashore and attack by land on the flank, driving the enemy from the position, and enabling the fleet to pass up. The Ninth was several times engaged in these operations, and ren- dered much service. The vessels went to the very guns of Vicksburg, when the brigade was landed on the west side of the river, and advanced to Young's Station, oppo- site the city. "Here Commodore Farragut had already arrived, and had set large numbers of soldiers and negroes at work digging the famous canal for a new channel of the river ; and the regiment of Williams' brigade at once joined enthusiastically in the excavation for the cut-off. Col. Cahill of the Ninth was the ranking colonel, and com- manded in the absence of Gen. Williams. "Here the Ninth again suffered greatly. There was nothing to eat for weeks but pork and hard-tack; no water to drink but the muddy water of the Mississippi. The swamp reeked with malaria, and the men slept upon the mud. The supply of quinine, that panacea for all the soldier's aches and ills, was exausted; there was little medicine of any sort. Requisitions were sent as far as New Orleans ; but the medical Dogberry declined to honor them on the ground of 'irregularity.' Almost the whole of the Ninth regiment was at one time on the sick-list with fever caused by exposure and privation. The poor fellows died sometimes at the fearful rate of a score a week; and out of the * * * Connecticut members present, the state catalogue of troops shows that one hundred and fifty-three died during this season, a mortality not equalled by any other of our regiments within a similar period. "After a month of this deadly service, the engineers discovered that the water was falling and would not flow through their canal; and the work was abandoned. no NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Williams' brigade returned down the river again about the ist of August; Breckinridge pursuing along the shore. On the boat Algerine left behind were three hundred sick, in charge of Surgeon Gallagher of the Ninth. * * * " One of the Ninth's officers, in a brief sketch of the regiment some years ago, speaking of the period of which we are treating, states that "In June the Ninth joined the expeditionary corps under Gen. Thomas Wil- liams, for the destruction of 'Camp Moore.' From this place the regiment went to a point on the Missis- sippi river opposite Vicksburg, and on June 25th was put to work, with other regiments, in cutting the famous canal which was expected to isolate Vicksburg by divert- ing the river away from its wharves and rendering them unapproachable to shipping. During the continuance of this work, a force of twenty picked men, under Capt. Healy and Lieutenant Patrick T. Claffee, [both of Co. C.], was crossed over the river under cover of darkness, and remained in the swamp under the guns of Vicks- burg for eight days. The work was finally abandoned as not feasible, though not until the Ninth had suffered severe loss from the terrible exposure of the men." Col. Cahill, of the Ninth, wrote: "When Gen. Wil- liams prepared to go up the river, I was taken from Gen. J. W. Phelps' command, then at Camp Parapet, and ordered to report to Gen. Williams and with him occu- pied Baton Rogue ; made the summer campaign of 1862 up the river, landing at Grand Gulf and other points, driv- ing the enemy from his works, and went into position before Vicksburg, acting in connection with Admiral Farragut in the first siege of that place." "Early in June," writes Capt. Lawrence O'Brien, "the Ninth went on an expedition to West Baton Rouge and spent two days on the plantation of Col. Allen (Con- federate). We returned to Baton Rouge, and June 18, started on the expedition to Vicksburg. Our steamers CAI>T. LAWRENCE O'BRIKN. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. m would travel by day, and put into shore for the night. On June 24, we landed below Ellis Cliffs, to attack a battery which annoyed our boats as they passed. On our approach, the enemy ran away and we went in pursuit, bent upon capturing the battery. The march in the heat was very distressing upon all engaged. Next day we went up Bayou Pierre and marched around to the rear of Grand Gulf, a place the enemy had fortified, but here, also, he decamped, going on a train. We got sight of the train and would have captured it, but for the over- caution of the General in halting more than an hour on the appearance of a small body of the enemy's cavalry. The latter had been surprised while foraging on a plan- tation which was well stocked. These cavalrymen quickly decamped. "While we were waiting, Nims' battery furnished amusement, racing with the horses and mules of the plantation. The men had the most difficulty after mount- ing the mules to stay on their backs. It was midday and the sun was intensely hot, but the colored people were of great service to us, helping to get good drinking water. The march was a circuit of fifteen miles, the most part being through wild cane fields and we were very tired when we reached Grand Gulf. It was night, and when all our people were on board, the town was set on fire and as we left it, the blaze lighted up the country for miles." Speaking of the Ninth's heavy loss by disease at Vicks- burg, Capt. O'Brien states : "We could not give a funeral escort to the dead ; the few who were able to do guard and picket duty could not attend to any extra duty. Gen. Williams was not in sympathy with his men. He exacted the most rigid discipline. Notwithstanding the great amount of sickness prevailing, he ordered the brigade to parade every day, in marching order, with knapsacks packed. I saw men drop out of the line exhausted, and when we returned many of them would U2 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. be dead. This drill and parading was done when the thermometer registered no to 115 in the shade." The Ninth lost a valuable officer, July 21, 1862, by the death of First Lieut. Frederick M. Fairchild of Bridge- port. He belonged to Company K, and had enlisted into the regiment Feb. 18, 1862. He had previously been first sergeant of Company H, First Connecticut regiment. The Fourth Massachusetts Light Battery did not accompany the Ninth regiment to Vicksburg, but remained with other organizations at Baton Rouge. We quote from the diary of Corporal Peabody. Writing under date of July 26, 1862, he says : "Saturday. At a very early hour this morning, the expedition commanded by Gen. Williams arrived from Vicksburg, Miss., on the steamers Sallie Robinson, Diana, Louisiana Belle, and N. Burton. The troops that came down on these steamers were the Seventh Vermont, Ninth Connecticut, Thirtieth Massachusetts and Fourth Wisconsin regiments, the Sec- ond Massachusetts battery and two sections of the Sixth Massachusetts battery. About 6 o'clock, these troops began disembarking and moved to their respective camps. Officers and men all look as if they had seen hard service, and many of them are sick from disease contracted while digging the cut-off on the point of land opposite Vicks- burg. Between n and 12 a. m., Farragut's fleet arrived down from the same place and anchored in the river in front of the city. This strong reinforcement to this gar- rison, causes considerable excitement among the popu- lation of the city, who have been on the streets from an early hour this morning watching every move of our troops. Teams have been driving through the streets all day, conveying to the different camps the equipage of the troops just arrived. To-night our troops are dis- tributed as follows: The Sixth Michigan, Fourth Wis- consin, Ninth Connecticut, and Fourteenth Maine regi- ments occupy the barracks. The Thirtieth Massachu- WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. n 3 setts regiment occupies the State Capitol. The Twenty- first Indiana and Seventh Vermont regiments, with the Second and Sixth Massachusetts batteries and Magee's Massachusetts cavalry, are encamped near Magnolia cemetery. Gen. Williams has re-occupied the comman- dant's house at the arsenal and has assumed command of the post. "July 31, [1862], * * * The troops arrived promptly, [at the race course, Baton Rouge], and line being formed at once, at 7 a. m. we moved forward in review. The troops in line, from right to left, were the Sixth Michigan, Fourth Wisconsin, Twenty-first Indi- ana, Ninth Connecticut, Seventh Vermont, Fourteenth Maine, and Thirtieth Massachusetts regiments ; the Sec- ond, Fourth, and Sixth Massachusetts batteries ; also a section of small guns attached to the Twenty-first Indi- ana regiment, manned by their own men under the com- mand of Second Lieut. James H. Brown, of Company F ; and Magee's company of Massachusetts cavalry. Review ended, inspection followed, this duty being per- formed by Gen. Williams, most thoroughly. * * * "August i, Friday. Day opened fine. At 5 a. m., battery harnessed and marched to the race-course for drill and inspection. The regiments turned out in small force this morning. Not a regiment of infantry present with over 200 men, the Fourth Wisconsin being the smallest, numbering 60 men. Two sections represent the Second Massachusetts, and one section the Sixth Massa- chusetts, battery. * * * "August 2. Saturday. Morning came in pleasant. At 5 a. m., battery * * * marched to the race-course for inspection and drill. Passed the Fourth Wisconsin, Sixth Michigan and Ninth Connecticut marching out. These regiments turn out a small number of men this morning, owing to the prevalence of sickness. Arriving on the ground promptly on time, we found Gen. Williams and staff already there. Line was quickly formed, the 8 n 4 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. review was of short duration and then inspection was held. Inspection over, the troops were drilled in vari- ous evolutions under the eye of the General, until 7 a. m., when all were dismissed to camp. * * * Sickness among the troops here is very prevalent and several soldiers die each day. Nearly one-half of this garrison is in the hands of surgeons. Rumors fill the air that a force of rebels, from 7,000 to 10,000 strong, is advanc- ing from Camp Moore, to attack this post. Should the rumors prove true and the 'J onnn i es ' capture us, they will not only get the troops, but $2,000,000 of govern- ment property. Gen. Williams is expecting something as he keeps out on all roads strong scouting parties. In order to be prepared for all emergencies, the Thirtieth Massachusetts regiment, 350 men, was ordered from the State House this p. m., to a camp in the sub- urbs. In the barracks, the troops are held in readiness to move in a moment. Such is the vigilance of our post commander. "August 4. Monday. Troops called to arms at I o'clock this morning. * * * Under arms until sun- rise, but no enemy appearing the line was dismissed. * * * At sunset a negro came in and reported to Gen. Wil- liams that a force of the enemy, about 8,000 strong, was encamped at Corinth bridge, on the Clinton road, ten miles from the city, and would surely attack his troops in the morning. To-night the weather is fine, Every- thing is perfectly quiet about our lines and in the city. There is no excitement among our soldiers, although most all are expecting to be attacked, within a few hours, by a force almost three times our strength. Of about 5,000 troops here, nearly one-half are in the hospitals. To assist us in the coming battle we have three gun- boats. * * * The Confederate force to attack Baton Rouge was commanded by Major Gen. John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, who had been vice-president of the United WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. II5 States. His force was divided into two divisions,, the first being commanded by Brig. Gen. Charles Clark, of Mississippi, and the second by Brig. Gen. Daniel Rug- gles, "a renegade native of Massachusetts and an old army officer." The Confederate troops comprised regi- ments from Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, Tennessee and Louisiana. They left Camp Moore, eighty miles away, July 29, 1862, and advanced to the attack. Aug. 4, they arrived at Corinth bridge, ten miles away. At daylight on the morning of Aug. 5, 1862, the battle of Baton Rouge began. Gen. Williams was killed during the engagement and the command of the Union forces thereupon devolved on Col. Cahill of the Ninth, Lieut. Col. Richard Fitz Gibbon commanding the regiment. The following is Col. Cahill's official report of the bat- tle: BATON ROUGE, August 9, 1862. To Captain R. J. Davis, A. A. General, Department of the Gulf: SIR Being called to the command of the force at Baton Rouge, on the occasion of the action August 5, by the unfortunate death of General Williams, it becomes my duty to report the circumstances of the glorious vic- tory. Rumors of the advance of the enemy in heavy force had prevailed for some days. On the afternoon of August 4, General Williams called the attention of the comman- dants of regiments and batteries to the probability of an attack at an early hour in the morning. The Fourteenth Maine, Col. A. Nickerson ; the Twenty-first Indiana, under Lieut. Col. Keith ; the Sixth Michigan, under Act- ing Lieut. Col. Clark; and the Seventh Vermont, Col. Roberts, were encamped, the first with its right resting on the intersection of the Greenwell Springs road, and fronting on a road running to the intersection of the Bayou Sara and Clinton roads. These encampments were in heavy timber. The Twenty-first Indiana were encamped on about the same line front, and on the right of the Greenwell Springs road. On nearly the same line front, but still further to the right, at the intersection of the Clay Cut and Perkins roads, were the Sixth Michigan. n6 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. The Seventh Vermont were some distance to the rear, and between the Sixth Michigan and Twenty-first Indi- ana, with the camp fronting the city. Everett's battery, under Lieut. Carruth, was in bivouac, on the right of the Fourteenth Maine, and on the right of the Twenty-first Indiana. Still further to the right were the guns in charge of the Twenty-first Indiana. On the extreme right, the guns of Nims' battery, under Lieut. , were brought into position early in the action on the right. The Thir- tieth Massachusetts, under Colonel Dudley, were brought up from their quarters in the Capitol on the night of the 4th, and took position on the left of the Sixth Michigan. On the extreme left, in advance of the left bank of the Bayou Gap, with an oblique front towards the intersection of the Bayou Sara and Clinton roads, with two pieces of Manning's battery, were the Ninth Con- necticut and Fourth Wisconsin. The remaining guns of Manning's battery were in position on the right bank of the bed of Bayou Gap. This was the real line of de- fence for the left flank, covering the north and east of the arsenal grounds. General Williams, in his instructions to myself and Lieut. Col. Bean, commanding 4th Wis- consin Volunteers, was very clear and positive in his or- ders to hold this position at all hazards, as he anticipated the enemy would advance (under cover of the fire from the ram Arkansas, with the gunboats from the Red river), through the open grounds of the Sawmill and Dough- erty's Plantation, and take possession of the Manae ground. The above mentioned advance on the left bank of the Bayou was only ordered by General Williams, after a lengthy consideration, on the evening of the 4th instant, with the intention of checking an advance on the same position by the Bayou Sara and Clinton roads ; and for that reason we only brought forward the light how- itzers of Manning's battery to the advance positions, leaving the heavy guns on the original line. At early daylight on the morning of August 5, the enemy threw his whole force on the camps of the Four- teenth Maine, Twenty-first Indiana and Sixth Michigan, with the batteries attached to each regiment. These troops stood their ground nobly, meeting the tremendous force thrown upon them with unflinching bravery. On looking over the battle ground since the engagement, I cannot conceive how it was possible for so many men to WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. n 7 have been engaged in so small a space of ground. The attack was nearly simultaneous ; but the first fire in line from the enemy's right was directed on the Fourteenth Maine, and was instantly answered by that regiment by a solid line volley, which must have done terrible execution. The companies of the Twenty-first Indiana, which were in the advance as pickets, had fallen back in order. The whole regiment advanced toward the Magnolia cemetery, and east of it. At this time Major Hayes was seriously wounded, and was taken from the field. The regiment worked, advancing and retiring, and changing front as the enemy showed himself through the smoke. At nearly the close of the action Lieutenant Colonel Keith, commanding the regiment, had to leave the field, badly wounded, leaving the regiment, without a field officer, in command of Capt. Grimsey. It was at this stage of the battle that General Williams fell, mortally wounded. He had just said to the men of the Twenty-first, "Boys, your field officers are all gone. I will lead you." The men answered with three cheers for the General. The sounds had scarcely died away when he fell. The General had previously issued an order for the line to fall back, and the artillery having done so the regiments retired in good order to the positions now oc- cupied. For details of movements and conduct of the regiments and batteries, I would refer you to the accom- panying reports. I will only trespass on the patience of the commanding General further to say what the offi- cers commanding regiments and corps cannot say for themselves that more undaunted bravery, coolness and skill, in the handling of their commands, has not been displayed on any battle field than on that of Baton Rouge and that, too, by officers who never before handled troops in a fight. From the 2ist Indiana and 6th Michigan myself, in common with others, expected a great deal, and were not disappointed, but when I look back a few short months, and bring to my mind the arrival of the I4th Maine at Ship Island, and to-day consider the work done by that regiment in the action, the smoothness and steadiness of its evolutions on difficult ground and under fire from the veterans of the Confederate service, I can only say that, for his efforts in building up his regiment, the most serious task of a commander, and his conduct in the field, Col. Nickerson, of the I4th Maine, deserves 1 1 8 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTR Y. the highest praise. To the impetuous Lt. Col. Keith, of the 2 ist Indiana, no words of mine can do justice. He was everywhere, in every place, working his men through tents, trees and underbrush like a veteran, and when seri- ously wounded and [about to be] taken from the field he would not give up, but moved around among his officers and men, counselling and assisting in everything, to the injury and irritation of his wounds. Col. Roberts, of the 7th Vermont, fell mortally wounded, and has since died. He was a gentleman of a generous nature and of culti- vated mind. Col. Nickerson, of the I4th Maine, had his horse shot from under him by a discharge of grape. He sprang from under his dying steed, and waving his sword, called upon his men for one more charge. The men sprang forward, with three roaring cheers, and drove back the advancing foe. At this time the gallant Captain French, of Company K, i4th Maine, received his terrible wound. The charge was made in the presence of Gen. Williams, who complimented the men very highly. Captain French was placed on board the unfortunate steamer Whitman, and was lost when she went down. His name deserves special mention. The conduct of the officers and men of the several batteries was everything that could be looked for by the commanding General. The various batteries were very much reduced by sickness and deaths, and, even with the assistance of details from the infantry, were worked short-handed. Lieutenant Hall, in command of the second piece of Nims' battery, wishes special mention made of the successful rally by men of the Twenty-first Indiana and three men of the Ninth Connecticut, who, with the assistance of Private Tyler, who left his sick bed and acted as sergeant, gunner, etc., and Privates Shield and Clogston, as also Sergeant Cheever, who left the hospital sick to do his duty, rallied and brought off the gun, when every man and horse was shot down and the piece in the hands of the enemy. The names of the pri- vates of infantry engaged in this gallant exploit will be forwarded as soon as ascertained. The Ninth Connecti- cut and Fourth Wisconsin Volunteers were brought up from their position early in the action, and were placed, by General Williams' order, in line across the grounds of the Orphan asylum, immediately in rear of the camps of the Twenty-first Indiana and Fourteenth Maine. The WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. n 9 regiments moved with alacrity and obeyed all orders promptly. Captain Silas W. Sawyer, of Company H, Ninth regi- ment, Connecticut Volunteers, deserves mention for his bold reconnoissance on the morning of the 6th. Going out on the Bayou Sara road three miles, and finding no trace of the presence of the enemy, he took a cattle path through the woods, coming out on the Clinton road be- yond the original line of our pickets. He scoured the country to Reed's plantation, in scouting around which he found one of the enemy's caissons, near by another, and in a short time he discovered all four. Crossing over to Bernard's plantation, he found another and a damaged ambulance. Returning to headquarters, he proceeded, by order of Colonel Paine, commanding a detachment of men and horses from Manning's battery, and a platoon of his own company, and brought them in. In conclu- sion I would beg leave to call the attention of the General commanding to the services of Lieut. Henry H. Elliott, Ninth New York Volunteers, lieutenant and acting as- sistant adjutant on General Williams' staff. Of his cool- ness and intrepidity in action every officer in the action can bear witness, as also to the still more trying duties of the details of his official business. I am under deep obligations to him for his cheerful and zealous services for the time I remained in command. I enclose copies of correspondence between myself and Lieut. Elliott. Col- onel McMillan, of the Twenty-first Indiana, has been un- well for some time. His counsel and advice have been freely offered on every occasion. All of which is respect- fully submitted. THOMAS W. CAHILL, Colonel Commanding at Baton Rouge. The loss of the Ninth in this engagement was i killed, 9 wounded, and 4 missing 14. Lieut. Col. Fitz Gibbon, who commanded the Ninth during the conflict, made a report to Adjutant General J. D. Williams, of Connecti- cut, of the part taken by the regiment in the battle. This report is dated "Baton Rouge, La., Aug. Qth, 1862," and reads as follows : 120 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. "In accordance with General Orders No. 2, I herewith submit my report ot the engagement of the 5th inst. About three o'clock on the morning of the 5th inst., the 9th Regiment Conn. Vols., according to previous instruc- tions, marched under command of Col. Cahill, and took position on the left of the line of the defence, the 4th Wisconsin on the left, and two howitzers of Manning's 4th Massachusetts battery on the right of the Qth Con- necticut. "The position assigned was one admirably calculated for military movements, being situated on a hill overlook- ing the 'Bayou Gros,' and about half way between the river and 'Bayou Sara.' About four o'clock picket firing was heard on the right, followed immediately by heavy volleys of musketry and discharges of artillery. The posi- tion of the enemy could be determined only from the firing, owing to a heavy fog. As the centre was the prin- cipal point of attack, this regiment and the battery was moved to its support. To complete this manoeuvre, this regiment marched along the 'North road' until it came within range of the enemy's guns, when it filed across the road in the midst of a shower of grape and canister, and formed in line of battle in a corn-field, the battery open- ing fire from the road. The enemy at this juncture ap- peared directly in front, yelling and firing volleys of musketry, which, however, did but little damage, the shot mostly going over us, owing to the proximity of the enemy, who- on delivering his fire fell back. The left flank being exposed we were ordered to its defence, and the regiment resumed its first position, which it retained the remainder of the day and night. "Major Frye, having been sent to the right for orders, returned with the sad intelligence of the death of General Williams, when Col. Cahill, being senior officer present, assumed command of the brigade. By his order, Col. Nickerson, of the I4th Maine, took command of the left wing, including this regiment. Receiving information WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. I2 i that our left was about to be attacked, Everett's battery was sent to its support, rive men from this regiment being detailed as artillerists, in addition to fifty previously de- tailed to- Nims' battery. The threatened attack, how- ever, was not made, and the regiment retained its posi- tion. Throughout the day this regiment was ably sup- ported by the 4th Wisconsin, Lt. Col. Bean commanding. On the morning of the 6th inst. Capt. S. W. Sawyer, of Co. H, with a detachment of his men, captured and brought in five caissons filled with ammunition. "The officers and men of the regiment deserve credit for their good conduct, under the disadvantage of having but twelve line officers in the field, most of the others being on detached service, and some sick in hospital. Adjutant Kattenstroth and Sergeant-Major Curtis ren- dered efficient service. We took twenty-four prisoners, one a commissioned officer, belonging' mostly to the 4th Louisiana Regiment, of whom fourteen were wounded. "Our loss is small, owing mostly to the overshooting of the enemy. The casualties are : "Killed i "Wounded 9 "Missing 4." Writes Capt. Lawrence O'Brien of the Ninth: "I was in command of the provost guard of the city, and when the battle opened I called in all the details and later marched out to the south side of the penitentiary. A little beyond, Gen. Williams' body was being removed to the rear. Lieut. Henry H. Elliott told me that the General being killed, Col. Thomas W. Cahill was in command, and asked me if I knew where he was? I pointed out the place." Wrote Corporal Peabody of the Fourth Massachusetts battery : "Upon the death of Gen. Williams, Col. Cahill 122 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. of the Ninth Connecticut regiment assumed command of the troops. Col. Dudley remained in command of the right wing, while Col. Nickerson of the Fourteenth Maine succeeded Col. Cahill in command of the left wing. The enemy, after this last repulse, evincing little ambition for more slaughter, but contentedly keeping under cover of the forest beyond Magnolia cemetery, caused a lull in the fight. It was now about 9 o'clock, the troops were almost worn out after five hours' desperate fighting, our commanding General was dead on the field, the weather was intensely hot. "In this condition of affairs, Col. Cahill ordered a new line to be formed 200 yards in rear of the first line. The enemy seeing this backward move, sprang from his cover, but all the batteries opening, he saw that we still intended to fight, and fell back again. About 10 a. m., Col. Cahill ordered another move rearward, the troops forming line about 350 yards from the enemy. This line extended across the city, the gunboats covering our flanks. * * * As the Union line is now formed, our battery is on the left flank, supported by the Fourth Wisconsin regi- ment on the left, the Twenty-first Indiana regiment, grouped in our rear, and Lieut. Brown's section of mule battery extending the left of our line of guns. Stretch- ing away to the right for a half mile, and occupying all the roads leading east, are the Second and Sixth Massa- chusetts batteries, supported by the Fourteenth Maine, Seventh Vermont, Sixth Michigan, Thirtieth Massachu- setts and Ninth Connecticut regiments, while Magee's cavalry is in front closely watching the enemy. "Col. Cahill, at his headquarters in a house a few yards to the left rear of our battery, is kept well informed of the movements of the enemy by Private Ralph O. Rowley, of Magee's cavalry, a brave boy only 20 years old. * Thus ended the battle of Baton Rouge. * * * With all of their superior force, all veterans of Shiloh, the enemy was unable to force our second line, but 350 yards WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. I23 in rear of our first. The desperate resistance they met, their heavy loss of men, seemed to paralyze all further action and they were content to remain at a respectful distance, and at night burned the few camps they had captured, destroying very little of the vast amount of government property in the city." The total loss of the Union forces in the battle was 84 killed, and 374 wounded, 458. The next day, Aug. 6, 1862, a force of negroes was put at work burying the dead of both sides. The wounded of both armies were picked up and taken to hospitals in Baton Rouge. CHAPTER IX. GEN. BRECKENRIDGE, THE CONFEDERATE COMMANDER, SENDS A MESSAGE TO COL. CAHILL UNDER A FLAG OF TRUCE NEW SERIES OF FORTIFICATIONS ERECTED AT BATON ROUGE THE NINTH RETURNS TO CAMP PARAPET, AND LATER TO NEW ORLEANS BRILLIANT EXPLOIT BY CAPT. JOHN G. HEALY, ON LAKE PON- CHARTRAIN NOTES AND INCIDENTS. AMONG the Confederates who were captured in the battle, just described, were Brig.-Gen. Clark and his aide-de-camp, Lieut. Richard C. Yerger. Gen. Clark was suffering from a serious wound in the thigh. At 10.30 a. m., on the day after the engagement, two officers, with a flag of truce, came to the headquarters of Col. Cahill. They bore the following message from Major- Gen. Breckenridge, the Confederate commander : HEADQUARTERS, CONFEDERATE FORCES, IN THE FIELD NEAR BATON ROUGE, August 6, 1862. To the Commanding Officer of the United States Forces, Baton Rouge, La: I have sent Major De Bawer, with a flag of truce, with the request that he will be allowed to attend to the burial of our dead who may have been left in your lines. Major Haynes, accompanying, desires to communicate with Brigadier-General Charles Clark, that he may supply him with money and clothing, and such articles as may contribute to his comfort. Respectfully, Sir, Your Obedient Servant, JOHN C. BRECKENRIDGE, Major General Commanding. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. ^5 To the foregoing, Col. Cahill thus replied : HEADQUARTERS, UNITED STATES FORCES, BATON ROUGE, August 6, 1862. General : In reply to your communication of this morn- ing, under a flag of truce, I have the honor to say that we are now engaged in the burial of your dead within our lines, and that we shall soon finish the now nearly accomplished work. General Clark and his aide-de- camp, Lieutenant Yerger,have surrendered themselves as prisoners of war and are now being cared for by our sur- geons. A friend of General Clark, from this city, will attend to his pecuniary wants. Respectfully, Your Obedient Servant, THOMAS W. CAHILL, Colonel Commanding. To Major General John C. Breckenridge. The two Confederate officers, bearing this reply, there- upon returned to their lines. Gen. Breckenridge was so chagrined at his defeat in the battle that he threw away his sword, and the latter was among the trophies of the Union forces. After the battle of Baton Rouge, Gen. Butler issued his ''General Order No. 57," in which he makes special allusion to the Irish Ninth in the following paragraph : Michigan stood by Maine, Massachusetts supported Indiana, Wisconsin aided Vermont, while Con- necticut, represented by the sons of the ever green sham- rock, fought as their fathers did at Boyne water. Gen. Butler also said: "The Brigade at Baton Rouge has routed the enemy. He has lost three briga- dier generals killed, wounded, and prisoners ; many colonels and field officers. He has more than a thousand 126 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. killed and wounded. You have captured three pieces of artillery, six caissons, two stand of colors, and a large number of prisoners. You have buried his dead on the field of battle, and are caring for his wounded. You have convinced him that you are never so sick as not to fight your enemy if he desires the contest. You have shown him that if he cannot take an outpost after weeks of preparation what would be his fate with the main body. If your General should say he was proud of you it would only be to praise himself. But he will say he is proud to be one of you * * *." Aug. n, 1862, the Union forces in Baton Rouge began constructing breastworks in expectation of an- other attack from the enemy. The line was a half circle in form and extended from the river at Bayou Gros to the river at the foot of First street. The Fourth Wis- consin was on the right, the Ninth Connecticut on the left, and the Thirtieth Massachusetts, Fourteenth Maine, Seventh Vermont, Twenty-first Indiana and the Second and Fourth Massachusetts batteries between. Col. Paine, of the Fourth Wisconsin, was in command of the whole force, with Colonels Dudley, Nickerson and Cahill in command of the right, center, and left, respec- tively. That evening the troops witnessed a great illu- mination caused by the burning of the mill and other structures on Dougherty's plantation, located on the Springfield Landing road, and opposite where the Ninth Connecticut was stationed. Work on the fortifications was vigorously pushed, day and night. About 3 o'clock, on the morning of Aug. 13, the houses on First street were all set on fire, by order of Col. Paine, and were entirely consumed. The removal of these houses greatly improved the range for the Union fleet in the river At 12.30 p. m., or thereabouts, the long roll was sounded, causing the men to leave dinner and get in line for an expected attack. Over an hour passed and ,as no enemy appeared, the Ninth Connecticut and other WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 127 infantry commands stacked arms on the spot, the artillery placed their lanyards, sponges, etc., where they could be instantly reached, and the men resumed their interrupted repast. Most of the houses on First street that had been destroyed belonged to the wealthy class, and had been vacated by the latter upon leaving the city. Gen. Breck- enridge sent word to Col. Paine, Aug. 13, to stop burning houses or he Breckenridge would attack with the "black flag.'*' Col. Paine spiritedly replied that he could put in an appearance with his black flag whenever he was so disposed, and that the Union forces were ready to give him a hot reception. He didn't come. In the meantime, Col. Paine had received orders from Gen. Butler to evacuate the city. The evacuation began about 2 o'clock on the morning of Aug. 18. Teams from the quartermaster's department drove into the camp of the Ninth and began loading such of the latter's property as could then be spared, for transportation to the levee from whence it was placed aboard a steamer. Next morning, orders were issued for each organization to get ready two days' cooked rations, this keeping the cooks of the Ninth and other commands very busy. Wednesday noon, Aug. 20, the long roll was again sounded, the Ninth sprang to arms and quickly took its place beside the other organizations. An investigation showed that the Union pickets were being driven in by the Ninth Louisiana Partisan Rangers, a cavalry com- mand. Two companies of the Twenty-first Indiana were sent out and, aided by the U. S. S. Mississippi, from the river, repulsed the enemy and caused him to retire. Thursday, Aug. 21, the troops began evacuating Baton Rouge, and embarking on the steamers. The troops were all aboard about 12.45 P- m -> an d the start down the river was made soon after. At daybreak, Aug. 22, the transport fleet reached Camp Parapet. The Ninth Con- necticut and other infantry landed here, while the Second and Fourth Massachusetts batteries proceeded further down to Carrollton. I 2 8 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. While the Ninth regiment was again located at Camp Parapet, it rendered important out-post duty, and pick- eted the shores both up and down the river. On Sept. 7, 1862, the Ninth, under command of Major Frye, took part, with three other regiments, in a movement across the river to the neighborhood of St. Charles' Court House, to disperse a Confederate camp of 2,000 men re- ported to be located there. At daylight on the morning of Sept. 8, the Ninth, with the Fourteenth Maine, landed and marched westward, the rest of the force proceeding half a dozen miles further up. Major Frye's official re- port of this affair states : "The artillery shelled the woods ; but, failing to dis- lodge the enemy, the Ninth Connecticut was thrown for- ward as skirmishers. After moving forward several miles through woods, swamps, bayous, and canebrakes, everywhere rinding traces of a flying enemy abandoned haversacks, blankets, bundles, papers, etc. it was found that the enemy, mostly cavalry, attempting to break through in this direction, had been driven back, and, abandoning their horses, saddles, and equipments, had fled into an almost impenetrable swamp. But, being surrounded on all sides, our troops killed and wounded eight, taking about forty prisoners, and bringing in up- wards of two hundred horses ready equipped. This was accomplished without loss on our side." Stores and considerable other property were likewise taken, and the expedition then returned to camp. Soon after this, the Ninth was transferred to New Orleans and had its quarters in fashionable Lafayette square. Col. Cahill had become acting brigadier-general and was given command of the military defences of that city. A correspondent o JP 6 J 4 -a c ^'5 tl ^ o o l^f fj O O ^5 ^ S rt ^ ^ H S S & 3 ? ? the Second Brigade of General Grover's Division, of the Nineteenth Corps. The regi- ment was in the engagement at La Fourche Crossing, June, 1863. At various periods during the Fall and Winter of 1863, detachments of the Ninth "were stationed upon the Gulf, along the shores of Lake Borgne, in the defenses at Lake- port, Proctorville, and Chalmette, or on the canal and railroad ; while a portion was at the north, and a portion in Texas with the field signal-corps. * * * During this season, five companies, under Lieut. Col. Fitz Gib- bon, had a skirmish with the enemy near Terrebonne. Company I, Capt. Elliot M. Curtis, was detached to watch the crossroads ; while companies G, under Capt. William Wright ; C, under Lieut. A. E. Payne ; E, under Lieut. T. Fitz Gibbon ; D, under Capt. John G. Healy ; K, Capt. Terence Sheridan, were sent out to skirmish through the swamp towards Chackahoola [Chattahoola] Station. There was a brisk engagement ;but the enemy maintained possession. Capt. S. W. Sawyer also made several raids into the district to the southeast." Lieut. Lawrence O'Brien was promoted to be captain of Company D, of the Ninth, Oct. 15, 1862. A month previously, he had been wounded in the left hip, while on an expedition against guerillas in the Parish of St. Charles, La. He was later detailed as provost marshal, by Gen Banks, for the Parish of St. James, La. Subse- quently, he was appointed provost judge of the Parish of St. James, by order of Gen. George F. Shepley, mili- tary governor of Louisiana. An order, dated New Orleans, Dec. 8, 1862, provided that "Sergt. Henry C. Wright, Ninth Connecticut, is hereby apointed first lieutenant and quartermaster of the Third regiment Native Guards (colored), * * * " WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 133 Capt. John Foley, of Company F, of the Ninth, and Second Lieut. William H. Carroll, of the same company, having tendered their resignations, the same were ac- cepted and both officers were honorably discharged the service of the United States. The order for their dis- charge was issued from Department headquarters, New Orleans, Dec. 20, 1862. The operations at La Fourche Crossing, La., June 20-21, 1863, were of a stirring nature. Our troops en- countered the enemy and a severe fight ensued, result- ing in the foe's discomfiture. The following relates to this affair: HEADQUARTERS, SECOND BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION, BOUTTE STATION, June 21, 1863, 4 a. m. LIEUT. COL. W. D. SMITH, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Defenses of New Orleans : COLONEL : I have the honor to inform you that this command ar- rived here at 8.10 o'clock last night, and, in pursuance of instructions, I disembarked a portion of the troops, viz, 185 men, belonging to the Ninth Connecticut Volunteers. Of the remainder, three companies of the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts, under the command of Captain Amiable, were left at Bayou Des Allemands, with instructions to guard the bridge and ascertain the character of ap- proching trains, and, in case the troops in front were forced to fall back, to cover the retreat by obstructing the track, and, if necessary, burning the bridge. I have communicated with them once during the night by means of a hand-car. This neighborhood is all quiet. * * * THOMAS W. CAHILL, Colonel Commanding Second Brigade. 134 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. The following orders were issued : HEADQUARTERS, DEFENSES OF NEW ORLEANS, June 21, 1863. COLONEL CAHILL: You will go with your whole force immediately to sup- port Colonel Stickney, who is engaged with the enemy at La Fourche Crossing. The Texas cavalry will take your position, but you will not wait till they arrive. Secure Des Allemands as you pass. By Command of W. H. EMORY, Brigadier General Commanding. W. D. SMITH, Lieut. Col. and A. A. A. Gen. HEADQUARTERS, DEFENSES OF NEW ORLEANS, June 21, 1863. LlEUT ENANT-COLONEL STICKNEY: Hold on bravely ! I have ordered Colonel Cahill with all his forces to go to your support. W. H. EMORY, Brigadier-General Commanding. Capt. John A. Grow, of the Twenty-fifth New York battery, in his report of operations June 20-25, ^63, in- cluding the engagement at La Fourche Crossing, states : "On the 2Oth day of June I received orders to proceed at once to La Fourche Crossing. The order having been received at about 4 p. m., my battery, with all the bag- gage, was taken across the river and put on board the cars by i a. m. (night) ; the train left at 4 a. m. On reach- ing Boutte Station, I found Colonel Cahill stationed at that place with his [command]. He ordered me to leave WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 135 one section of my battery with him, and to proceed my- self with the other section to the La Fourche Crossing. I reached that place about 10 a. m. of the 2ist. My battery was soon unloaded and the pieces parked. * Speaking of the engagement that ensued, Capt. Grow mentions the men who served one of his pieces of artil- lery and says they "behaved most gallantly so much so, I have mentioned them in my report to Colonel Cahill." Capt. Grow continues : " * * * The next forenoon was occupied with a flag of truce, which the enemy sent up asking the privilege of burying his dead. While this was pending, Colonel Cahill arrived with his forces. We were then about 1,100 strong, and, through the strength of our position, we could effectually defend our position against 2,000 rebels. The arrival of Colonel Cahill was distinctly seen by the rebels, and that night they com- menced to retreat." Writing from Boutte Station, La., June 22, 1863, Capt. John G. Healy, of the Ninth, remarks : "As is well known in this department, a large portion of the forces of Gen. Banks are, at the present time, near the Confederate stronghold Port Hudson. The fact that Banks had sent nearly all the troops that had been stationed at the dif- ferent villages and plantations, between New Orleans and Springfield Landing, to attack the rebel stronghold just mentioned soon became known to rebel sympathizers, A few thousand Confederates succeeded in making their way to some of the weakened points, and had destroyed four of our transports at a place called La Fourche Cross- ing. Most of the rebels being mounted, proved very troublesome to our small forces of infantry left to* garrison those places. "For some days rumors had been current in New Or- leans that a large body of the enemy was in the rear of our forces at Brashear City, that it had captured two or three of our companies and was on its way to New 136 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Orleans. This report caused much excitement in the latter place, especially among the soldiers. As a result of the report, an order was issued that all the officers, in and around the city, should hold themselves in readiness to move at a moment's notice. On Saturday the order came for us to move, and to take two days' cooked rations. Five companies of the Ninth, C, E, G, I, and K, were to go in addition to the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts regi- ment and a New York battery. We crossed the Missis- sippi river, on the ferry boat, to Algiers, and about dark went aboard the cars. Officers and men were in excellent spirits and eager to meet the foe. "We fully expected to encounter him in a short time. We reached Boutte Station about 9.30 that night and were ordered to remain at the Station, while the Massa- chusetts regiment and the New York battery were sent a few miles further on. After disembarking from the cars, my company was sent out on picket duty, as was also Company G. About daylight the next morning, a train came down from La Fourche with some 500 negroes and a few prisoners. Soon after this, I advanced my com- pany about two miles further on. We very soon discov- ered a body of cavalry approaching. When they came nearer, however, we found they were friends instead of foes. They proved to be one company of the First Texas cavalry coming to re-enforce us. "Soon, I was ordered to advance my company to the levee, a distance of some four miles from the headquar- ters. ]t was now raining very hard. The rain came down in torrents and by the time we reached the river, we were drenched to the skin. We were fortunate, however, in getting comfortable quarters. About midnight an orderly came to me and reported that the rebels had been suc- cessful and were on their way to encounter our force. The men were aroused and were soon ready for whatever might happen. We remained up until daylight, expect- ing an attack every moment, but none came." WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 137 Writing under date of New Orleans, June 29, 1863, Capt. John G. Healy gives the following account of events that transpired about the time he wrote the fore- going: ''About 5 o'clock on the morning of June 21, we received information that we were to proceed many miles up the railroad for the purpose of re-enforcing the troops at La Fourche Crossing. As soon as possible, we had all the darkeys on the plantation busy harnessing mules and hitching them to the large wagons which are always to be found on a plantation. The roads were very muddy, it having rained the day and night previously, and the distance from where my company was stationed to the Colonel's quarters was five miles. We, therefore, jumped into the wagons and started. When we arrived, however, we found the place deserted. All the soldiers and citizens had suddenly left, with the exception of two members of the New York battery who had been left at the Station, by Col. Cahill, with orders for me to put my command on the next train and join him at La Fourche. In a short time we were aboard the cars and speeding away. "In two hours time, we arrived near La Fourche and upon our arrival, were received with cheers. All was excitement. Negroes were constructing breastworks, the cause of which I soon learned. There had been a fight the night before, and right before me lay dead and wounded. A flag of truce came in from the enemy for permission to bury their dead and carry off their wounded. I learned that our troops had been attacked the previous night by a largely superior force. In the afternoon of the day of my arrival, we formed line of battle twice, the enemy's cavalry being seen prowling around. It was expected they would make an attack, but they did not. We were up twice that night and, so, had very little rest. About 12 o'clock the same night, the enemy opened fire with artillery to which our gunners replied. The enemy's firing, as we afterward learned, 138 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. was only to cover their retreat. The next morning four companies of the Ninth were ordered to make a recon- noissance up the railroad and to ascertain, if possible, the position of the enemy. "We started about noon, and after marching about six miles we entered the village of Terrebonne. We learned that a strong force of the enemy had passed through there early that morning. Company K, of our regiment, was stationed here while the three remaining companies, C, E, and I, proceeded. We had gone some four miles when the advance guard captured five rebels. Finding that the enemy was in force, a few miles further on, we returned. We were disturbed by a false alarm that night, and the next morning the five companies of our regiment were ordered on board the cars. We were instructed to pro- ceed up the road as far as we could in order to protect the men while they were repairing the road. We, accord- ingly, went about two miles further than we had the previous day, and learned that the rebels had set fire to a bridge and that it would take some time to repair it. We sent out an advance guard which had proceeded but a short distance when the enemy opened fire. The day was intensely hot. "I was ordered to take my company to the support of the advance guard. As we came in sight of the rebels they opened a brisk fire upon us. It was speedily returned by our men. 1 The enemy's bullets fell thick around us. The rebels had the advantage of us, as they were fighting from behind the cover of the houses, while our men were on the railroad track. Very soon after we entered the fight, one of my men was shot through the side, the ball entering the front, nearly under the arm, and coming out at the back. The wounded man was Ernest Dresher. A braver man never carried a musket. He loaded and fired twice after he was shot. In a few seconds, another of my men,, George Robinson, was shot through the arm. The 1 This was the engagement of Chattahoola Station, La. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. I39 poor fellow had fine courage, and walked two miles with- out assistance. Immediately after Robinson was hit, Frank Judge of my company was shot. He was standing near me, firing as fast as he could, when a ball struck him. It went through his left arm and entered his side where it now is. The poor fellow was in terrible pain. A member of Company E, of the Ninth, was also wounded. The order was now given for us to fall back, as the enemy was advancing with a large force. We boarded the cars and returned to La Fourche Crossing." Under date of "New Orleans, La., June 27, 1863, Lieut. Col. Fitz Gibbon of the Ninth, makes the follow- ing report : " General: I have the honor to submit the following report of the movements of Companies C, E, G, I, and K, of the Ninth Regiment of Connecticut Volunteers, or- dered to guard a train while repairing the track on the New Orleans, Opelousas and Great Western Railroad : "Left La Fourche Crossing at 8 a. m. on the 24th June, 1863. Arrived at Terrebonne Station, distance 4 miles; detached Company I, Capt. Elliot M.Curtis, commanding, to watch the crossroads leading into the place ; repaired the track one mile beyond the last-named station; then proceeded toward Chattahoola Station ; arrived at a point within one mile of the station, where we found a bridge burning; commenced rebuilding this bridge. Between the bridge and the station was a very heavy swamp, both sides of the track, thickly wooded. "I immediately sent out Captain Wright, Company G, to skirmish up toward the station, together with Lieu- tenant Payne, Company C ; Lieutenant McKeon, Com- pany E ; and Lieutenant Fitz Gibbon, with a sufficient force, to support him. On arriving within sight of the station, a very sharp fire was opened upon our forces, which was briskly returned. I then ordered up Com- pany C, Capt. John G. Healy, and also Company E, Capt. 1 40 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Terence Sheridan ; Company K, Capt. Thomas Healy, and part of Company G, were kept in reserve. My forces being obliged to confine their operations to the railroad track, the enemy being posted in considerable force in an open country in front, under cover of some small build- ings and fences, I considered it prudent to return after engaging him one hour ; I also heard the gun fired from the La Fourche Crossing as a signal to return. "Sergt. Peter Donnelly and Private Charles Reynolds, of Company C, were taken prisoners of war, and on the 26th of June, 1863, were paroled at La Fourche Cross- ing, La. Our loss was 3 wounded. "We arrived at Raceland at daylight next morning, where we halted until the afternoon of the 25th instant, when we were ordered to take a train of cars for Algiers, and the same night reached Lafayette Square, our former quarters, where we now are." Major Frye, of the Ninth, thus describes some of the drawbacks at Pass Manchac ; "The moccasins and rattle- snakes are quite abundant, and apparently old settlers, as we killed one with nine rattles. They are quite a pro- tection against a flank movement of the enemy through the swamp ; and alligators actually stick their noses into the tents, in hopes of stealing a biscuit or a piece of pork. And then, all night long, the soldier is lulled to sleep by the most infernal croaking of tree toads, and kept asleep by the buzzing and biting of myriads of mosquitoes and yellow flies. One knows not how it is ; but though every soldier has a mosquito-bar; still, daylight will find as many inside as out ; and then innumerable green lizards about four inches long, harmless but sportive, gambol and catch flies and mosquitoes freely upon your face and body." WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 141 A staff officer tells the following amusing incident of the Ninth's stay in New Orleans : "The Ninth was quar- tered in Lafayette square ; and a soldier whom we will call Phil McGilligan, an old timer, was on sentry on the Camp street side of the square, when a strange looking nondescript came sauntering along. He wore a stove- pipe hat, a military coat with the insignia of a brigadier embroidered on the shoulder straps. His pantaloons of black cloth were some six inches too short, which dis- played a well-worn stagy boot and was quite innocent of blacking. He carried a blue cotton umbrella which was carefully tucked under his left arm. I should say here that his coat was worn open with the collar turned down. In passing McGilligan, the brigadier noticed the sentinel paid no attention to him. The general passed and re- passed ; still receiving no attention, he confronted the sentinel in a mild manner, exclaiming proudly, 'Soldier, don't you know me?' McGilligan eyed him quizzically, and at once replied, 'No ! Who are you anyway?' "With this the general's face flushed with indignation and he yelled forth, 'Sentry, I am General of the State of Maine.' " "Thereupon McGilligan gave a prolonged whistle and replied : 'The devil ye are. I think I've heard of ye be- fore. So ye are the rale Maine man. Gineral, if ye are a gineral, take my advice and get away for the Ninth C. V.' "The general, believing the man to be a lunatic, bolted away, highly indignant, and turned on his heel with a firm determination of reporting the entire transaction to the commanding general. However, on his way to headquarters he met the major of the Ninth, who by the way knew how to enjoy a joke as well as any man. "The general button-holed the major and repeated the entire transaction. The major was somewhat of a wag; slipping his arm under the irate brigadier, he led him away, saying, 'Never mind, General, let us go over to the I 4 2 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Park House and take a good cocktail. We will try and forget the unfortunate occurrence, and as there is but one man living who can do anything with them, that is Gen- eral B. F. Butler, I would not say anything further about it.' "When the major proposed the cocktail the general's eyes fairly snapped flashing fire as it were. Breaking loose from the major, he exclaimed, 'What, sir, add in- sult on insult ; do you fail to remember that I am an ad- vocate of the Maine liquor law and for sixty years of my life I am been fighting the devil ? Yes sir, I believe the Ninth are all devils, from the colonel down to McGilli- gan.' "The case was reported to the commanding general, but as nothing was ever heard of it afterward the major and McGilligan kept quiet about the Maine law advocate." Special Order, No. 304, Department of the Gulf, issued at New Orleans, Aug. 26, 1862, read as follows: "The resignation of Rev. Daniel Mullen, chaplain of the Ninth regiment, Connecticut Volunteers, is hereby accepted, to take effect from this date, and he is honorably discharged from the service.'' (By order of Major-Gen. Butler). Chaplain Mullen resigned because of poor health. Special Order, No. 351, Department of the Gulf, dated at New Orleans, Sept. 5, 1862, provided that "Acting Brigadier-General Thos. W. Cahill will detail one or two mounted orderlies, as may be necessary, to be stationed at the telegraph office at Carrollton to take messages when they arrive." (By order of Major-Gen. Butler). Special Order, No, 387, New Orleans, Sept. 18, 1862, read: "Brig.-Gen. T. W. Sherman, U. S. Volunteers, having reported for duty, is assigned to the command of the force near Carrollton. Acting Brig.-Generals Dud- ley, Paine and Cahill will report to him." An order issued at New Orleans, Oct. 21, 1862, an- nounced that "First Lieut. Alfred G. Hall, Ninth regi- ment, Connecticut Volunteers, having been commis- LIEUT. WM. O'KEEFE. LIEUT. JNO. McCusKER. Q. M. NATHAN 1, BENNSTT. LIEUT. CHRISTIAN STREIT. LIEUT. JNO. SHAW. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. I43 sioned lieutenant-colonel of the Second Regiment Na- tive Guards, free colored, Louisiana volunteers, is hereby relieved from duty in the Ninth Regiment, Connecticut Volunteers, and ordered to report to Col. N. W. Daniels for duty." (By command of Major-Gen. Butler). Oct. 25, 1862, an order was issued to the effect that, "The resignation of Captain James P. Hennessey, Qth regiment, Connecticut Volunteers, is hereby accepted to take effect from this date." (By command of Major- Gen. Butler). The Lieutenant-Colonel of the Ninth, under date of Sept. 26, 1862, issued Regimental Order, No. 24, pro- viding that : "In accordance with orders from brigade headquarters, this regiment will appear in heavy march- ing order, for inspection and review by Brig.-Gen. Sher- man, Saturday morning, Sept. 27. The regimental line will be promptly formed at 8 o'clock a. m. * * * The following budget of Regimental Orders issued to the Ninth, during 1862, and dated New Orleans, will be found of interest. Each was issued "By order of Thomas W. Cahill," colonel, and is signed by "Henry Kattenstroth, adjutant :" Oct. 26, 1862, "First Lieut. Lawrence O'Brien, Com- pany B, Ninth regiment, Connecticut Volunteers, is here- by relieved from duty in that company and will, until further orders, assume command of Company D, of this regiment, and will be obeyed and respected accordingly." Oct. 26, 1862. "First Lieut. Charles S. Palmer of Company I, Ninth regiment, Connecticut Volunteers, is hereby relieved from duty in that company, and will until further orders, assume command of Company G, of this regiment, * * * " Oct. 29, 1862. "Sergeant Evarts of Company E, is here- by detailed to take charge of the guard stationed at the Jackson Railroad depot. He will report to Lieut. James immediately." Oct. 30, 1862. "The Colonel commanding will muster 144 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. this regiment for pay, in accordance with the regulations. The review preceding muster will be dispensed with. The regimental line will be formed at 8J o'clock a. m. Sol- diers sick in quarters will fall in, in rear of their com- panies. Commissioned officers will see that all the men of their respective commands, not in the general hospital, are present at the muster. First sergeant of companies will have a list of all whose names appear on the rolls who are absent, and as their names [are] called he will answer, stating the cause of absence." Nov. 7, 1862, " First Lieut. John Carroll, Company F, Ninth regiment, Connecticut Volunteers, is relieved from duty in that company and assigned to duty as first lieu- tenant of Company B, of this regiment." Nov. 17, 1862. "Lieut. O'Brien, commanding Com- pany D, Sir: You will detail one corporal and eight privates of your command with arms, and six with- out arms, to attend the funeral of the late Private Thomas O'Brien, of your company, as a funeral escort. They will report to the St. James Hospital at 4 o'clock p. m. * * * Nov. 20, 1862, "First Lieut. Charles S. Palmer, here- tofore assigned to command of Company G of this regi- ment, having been detailed for special service by Special Order No. 519, Department of the Gulf, will be relieved from command of Company G, by Lieut. Fitz Gibbons, who is relieved from duty in Company D ; he will report to Lieut. Palmer who will turn over the books and papers of Company G, taking receipt for the same." Nov. 21, 1862. "Regimental line will be formed Sun- day morning at 8 o'clock, when all companies will appear in their best possible order. Commandants of companies will see that their commands have their shoes, cartridge boxes, cap pouches, belts, and waist plates neatly pol- ished, and that the clothing and knapsacks are thor- oughly washed, muskets cleaned, cartridge boxes filled with ammunition. Commandants of companies will WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 145 have a list of absentees, stating the reason of their ab- sence, by what authority, etc. Extra and daily duty men fall in with their companies. All enlisted men sick in quarters will fall in, in rear of their companies, without arms. The knapsacks will be properly packed, contain- ing greatcoat and blanket, and all clothing belonging to the soldier to be in his knapsack or on his person." Dec. 27, 1862. "The following promotions are hereby made in the Ninth regiment, Connecticut Volunteers: Second Lieutenant A. E. Payne to be first lieutenant, with rank from October 31, 1862; he is assigned to duty as first lieutenant, Company C. Second Lieutenant D. O'Sullivan to be first lieutenant,with rank [from] Nov. 12, 1862; he is assigned to duty as first lieutenant, Company K. Sergeant-Major John C. Curtis to be second lieuten- ant, with rank from Sept. 24, 1862 ; he is assigned as sec- ond lieutenant, Company G. Sergeant Mullin of Com- pany E, to be sergeant-major vice John C. Curtis. Garry T. Scott, after faithfully serving with his regiment for a period of over fourteen months as hospital steward, has resigned that post and is appointed first sergeant, Com- pany F." Dec. 30, 1862. "First Sergt. Garry T. Scott of Company F, Ninth Connecticut Volunteers, is hereby appointed second lieutenant of that company, subject to the approval of His Excellency Governor Buckingham." Lieut. Scott was subsequently captain of Company A, of the Ninth Battalion, C. V. 10 CHAPTER IX. HEAVY LOSSES BY THE NINTH IN 1 862 LIST OF THE OFFICERS AND MEN WHO DIED THAT YEAR THREE LIEUTENANTS AMONG THOSE WHO PASSED AWAY EXTRACTS FROM REGIMENTAL AND GENERAL ORDERS DURING THE EARLY HALF OF 1863 COL. CAHILL IN COMMAND OF THE DEFENCES OF NEW ORLEANS. BULLET and shell, bayonet thrust and sabre cut are not the only perils with which a soldier in active service has to contend. There are many others, in- cluding that fruitful source of death in a regiment dis- ease. Thousands of officers and men in the Civil war went through battle unscathed, only to perish of sickness contracted in camp or on the march. The Ninth lost heavily in this respect. The terrible conditions prevailing in the swamps at Vicksburg, Miss., and other places cost the regiment sorely. Many brave fellows who left Connecticut in excellent health and spirits never came back, but perished of disease in camp or hos- pital, and their bones now lie in Chalmette, La., or other places in the South. But they died for their country just as truly as if they had fallen in the forefront of battle. The following is a list of the officers and men of the Ninth who died 1 in the single year, 1862. The list does not include those killed in that year. Those are referred to elsewhere. The greater portion of the following list 2 perished of disease contracted in the service, a few of wounds. NAMES AND RESIDENCES OF THE OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE NINTH WHO DIED IN 1862. THE REGIMENTAL BAND. Lewis St. V. Hallauer, New Haven. Henry E. Coxall, East Haven. 1 The date of each death will be found in the roll toward the close of this volume. 2 A few in this list, at one time held higher rank than that here given but were reduced, owing to illness, consolidation of commands, or for other causes. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 147 COMPANY A. Sergeant Joseph Gahagan, Derby. Sergeant William Scully, Hartford. Corporal Joseph Kennedy, New Haven. Corporal James W. B. Robinson, New Haven. Private John Abbott, New Haven. Private John Coyle, New Haven. Private William Fitzgerald, Baton Rouge, La. 1 Private Thomas Lynch, New Haven. Private Morris Colbert, New Haven. Private Patrick Lane, New Haven. Private Patrick Larkins, Derby. Private Patrick Mahoney, New Haven. Private Jesse Hall, New Orleans, La. 1 Private Paul Bohan, New Haven. Private Thomas McGrath, New Haven. Private John O'Berne, New Haven. Private John Walch, New Haven. Private Patrick Reynolds, New Haven. Private Charles Boyle, New Haven. Private Michael Kain, New Haven. Private John Meredith, Hartford. Private James McDonald, Waterbury. Private Matthew Ennis, New Haven. Private John Dillon, New Haven. COMPANY B. Private Thomas Waldron, Meriden. Private Charles Mulvey, Cheshire. Private Andrew Carlin, Meriden. Private Michael Reynolds, 2d, Cheshire. Private William W. Carey, Portland. Private John Ferris, Meriden. Private John Martin, Hartford. Private Patrick Cain, Meriden. Private Patrick Woods, New Haven. Private Thomas Harvey, Meriden. 1 Place of muster in. 148 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Private Michael Molloy, Meriden. Private Michael Healey, New Haven. Private James Donohue, Meriden. Private Joseph Harrington, Meriden. Private James Doran, Meriden. COMPANY C. Lieutenant Patrick T. Claffee, Waterbury. Lieutenant Henry McKenna, New Haven. Corporal Edward Keegan, New Haven. Corporal Thomas McCormick, New Haven. Private George O'Connor, New Haven. Private James Monighan, Norwich. Private George Barker, New Haven. Private James Brodderick, New Orleans. 1 Private John Marlow, New Haven. Private Michael Keaveney, New Haven. Private Richard Lauffin, New Haven. Private James Murphey, Norwich. Private John Rowley, New Haven. Private Arthur Hughes, New Haven. Private John Clark, New Haven. Private Thomas Kearns, New Haven. Private James Woods, New Haven. Private Philip Galligan, New Haven. Private Paul Charbouel, . Private Peter Doyle, New Haven. Private John Meany, Norwich. Private John Eagan, New Haven. COMPANY D. Corporal Charles B. Burton, Bridgeport. Corporal James Henderson, Bridgeport. Corporal Luke C. Lackey, New Orleans, La. 1 Corporal John Ennes, Bridgeport. Private John B. Green, Plymouth. Private Michael Fagan, Bridgeport. Private John Baggs, Bridgeport. 1 Place of muster in. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 149 Private Peter Smith, Bridgeport. Private Henry Hill, Hartford. Private Michael Moore, Bridgeport. Private Martin Smith, New Haven. Private Almon Blakeslee, Plymouth. Private James C. Dimon, Bridgeport. Private William Funt, New Orleans, La. 1 Private Michael McGrath, Bridgeport. Private Thomas O'Brien, Bridgeport. COMPANY E. Corporal James McMahon, New Haven. Musician John Burns, New Orleans, La. 1 Wagoner Timothy Ryan, New Haven. Private James Bush, New Haven. Private James Ryan, Derby. Private Richard Burke, New Haven. Private Michael Scott, New York. Private William Clark, New Haven. Private Ambrose Carney, New Haven. Private John Maher, Derby. Private John Hartigan, New Haven. Private Michael O' Burns, New Haven. Private John Crowley, Derby. Private James Kehoe, New Haven. Private Patrick Walsh, New Haven. Private William Grace, Camp Parapet, La. 1 Private John Ryan, New Haven. Private John R. Burgess, New Haven. COMPANY F. Sergeant Timothy Ryan, Waterbury. Corporal James Tobin, Waterbury. Private Richard Claxton, Waterbury. Private John Green, Waterbury. Private John McLaughlin, Waterbury. Private Patrick Morrissey, Waterbury. Private Thomas White, Waterbury. Private John McPherson, New Orleans, La. 1 1 Place of muster in. i 5 o NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. COMPANY G. Corporal Constantine McGuire, Hartford. Wagoner Patrick Dailey, New Orleans, La. 1 Private John A. Horton, Hartford. Private Thomas Conner, Manchester. Private Bartholomew Daley, Hartford. Private William Eagan, Southington. Private John Cruise, Hartford. Private Patrick McAlloon, Wethersfield. Private James Tackett, Hartford. Private John Maher, E'ast Windsor. Private Frank Sutler, New Orleans, La. 1 Private George Frazier, New Orleans, La. 1 Private Fred Helen, New Orleans, La. 1 Private Christian Irvine, New Orleans, La. 1 COMPANY H. Corporal John Simpson, Norwich. Corporal Charles H. Potter, Norwich. Private Patrick Weldon, Norwich. Private Roger Tyghe, New London. Private Daniel H. Brown, Norwich. Private Daniel Sullivan, Carrollton, La. 1 Private Peter Shaughness, Danbury. Private Walter Hussey, Griswold. Private Daniel Kennedy, Danbury. Private Stephen Sanford, Portland. Private John Brown, New Orleans, La. 1 Private John Kelley, Carrollton, La. 1 Private John Kerley, Nonvich. Private Frederick Potter, Carrollton, La. 1 Private Patrick Reynolds, New Haven. COMPANY I. Corporal Edward Hawley, Monroe. Corporal Lewis H. Johnson, Burlington. Private Albert Alaby, Bridgeport. Private Seth Robertson, Bridgeport. Private Abram A. Warner, Woodbury. Private John Smith, New Hartford. 1 Place of muster in. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863 151 Private William Sullivan, Lowell, Mass. Private John F. Roberts, New Hartford. Private Legrand Todd, Plymouth. Private Leverett Gladding, Berlin. Private Henry Hudson, Hartford. Private Peter Finkle, Salisbury. Private Thomas O'Brien, Bridgeport. Private Martin Kilgarifr, Derby. Private Jesse L. Calkins, Monroe. Private Joseph L. Calkins, Monroe. Private Elias Hayes, Hartford. Private John Coyne, Bridgeport. Private George W. Horton, Berlin. Private Peter Fenton, Lowell, Mass. Private George Hillyer, Sheffield, Mass. Private James Hillyer, Sheffield, Mass. COMPANY K. Lieutenant Frederick M. Fairchild, Bridgeport. Sergeant Thomas B. Tallmadge, Simsbury. Corporal Peter McFarland, Fairneld. Corporal Edward Lyon, Greenfield. Corporal Edward P. Prime, Stafford. Musician Charles T. Patchen, Danbury. Private David A. Slawson, Stratford. Private Joseph Schwenter, Carrollton, La. 1 Private Michael Downey, Derby. Private John A. Stafford, Carrollton, La. 1 Private Jeremiah Sullivan, Hartford. Private Jeremiah Wells, Bridgeport. Private John J. Lane, Bethel. Private George S. Dikeman, Danbury. Private David Stillson, New Haven. Private James McClune, Carrollton, La. 1 Private Herman Rowland, Carrollton, La. 1 Private William J. McCame, New Haven. 1 Private Peter Flamandey, Carrollton, La. 1 Private Robert Read, Waterbury. Place of muster in. I 5 2 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Of the foregoing we may say, in the words of Theodore O'Hara: " The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo ; No more on life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few. On fame's eternal camping ground Their silent tents are spread, And glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead. " No rumor of the foe's advance, Now swells upon the wind ; No troubled thoughts at midnight haunts Of loved ones left behind ; No vision of the morrow's strife The warrior's dream alarms ; No braying horn nor screaming fife At dawn shall call to arms. " The neighing troop, the flashing blade, The bugle's stirring blast; The charge, the dreadful cannonade, The din and shout are passed ; Nor war's wild note nor glory's peal Shall thrill with fierce delight Those breasts that nevermore may feel The rapture of the fight." As will be seen from the foregoing list, the Ninth lost three lieutenants, by death, in 1862, namely: Lieut. Fred- erick M. Fairchild, of Company K, who died July 21 ; Lieut. Henry McKenna, of Company C, Sept. 24; and Lieut. Patrick T. Claffee, of Company C, Oct. 5. Lieut. Claffee was of Waterbury. His body was brought home and was honored with a military funeral,, a great con- course following the remains to the place of interment, St. Joseph's cemetery. The body of Lieut. McKenna was brought home to New Haven and also interred with impressive exercises. W 'A R OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 153 Regimental Order No. 49 was issued to the Ninth, Jan. 5, 1863, by Lieutenant Colonel Fitz Gibbon, then in com- mand of the regiment. It provided that "In consequence of Adjutant Kattenstroth being detailed as acting assist- ant adjutant of the brigade commanded by Col. Cahill, Second Lieutenant John C. Curtis, of Company G, is therefore appointed acting adjutant of the Ninth regi- ment. He will be obeyed and respected as such." In Regimental Order No. 58, issued Jan. 22, 1863, it was provided that "Church call, on Sunday" was to be at n a. m. Regimental Order No. 59, issued at New Orleans, Jan. 26, 1863, mentions a number of appointments, to wit: "Sergeant Thomas Corbin, of Company F, Ninth regi- ment, Connecticut Volunteers, is hereby appointed quar- termaster of said regiment, vice Lieutenant N. P. Ben- nett, resigned. The above appointment will take effect from the * * * date of Lieutenant N. P. Bennett's resignation. The regiment being deficient in officers, the following sergeants are hereby appointed as acting sec- ond lieutenants to take place from Feb. I, 1863: First Sergeant William O'Keefe, Company B, vice Lieutenant John McCusker discharged Oct. 29. 1862; First Ser- geant Patrick Ingoldsby, of Company C, vice Lieutenant Henry McKenna deceased * * * ; First Sergeant Joseph H. Lawler, of Company F, vice Lieutenant Addis E. Payne promoted; First Sergeant Andrew Cole, of Company K, vice Acting Second Lieutenant Samuel Davison reduced to the ranks. Private Robert Kerr is appointed quartermaster sergeant, vice Quartermaster Sergeant Henry C. Wright promoted in Third Louisiana Native Guards, appointment to take effect from 2Oth Jan- uary, 1863. All the above acting appointments for com- panies are subject to the approval of His Excellency Governor Buckingham, also [to that of] the Colonel of the regiment." This was issued by the Lieut. Colonel of the Ninth. 154 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Jan. 31, 1863, it was ordered that "Private Joseph Mc- Girk, of Company H, is hereby transferred to Company F; he will report to Lieutenant G. T. Scott for duty. Acting Lieutenant J. H. Lawler will furnish Lieutenant Scott with Private McGifFs descriptive list." Among the other orders issued at New Orleans, in 1863, were the following: Jan. i, 1863. "So much of Special Orders, No. 593, Paragraph n, from these headquarters, as directs Major Frederick Frye, Ninth Connecticut volunteers, to report for duty to Colonel S. B. Holabird, Chief Quartermaster, is revoked." (By command of Major Gen. Banks). Jan. 19, 1863. "Leave of absence of twenty days, with permission to apply to the Adjutant General's office for an extension of two months, is granted Colonel Thomas W. Cahill, Ninth Connecticut Volunteers." (By com- mand of Major Gen. Banks). Jan. 30, 1863. "Private Charles Montague, Company E, Ninth regiment, Connecticut Volunteers, will report for duty to Col. E. J. Beckwith, Chief Commissary, De- partment of the Gulf." (By command of Major Gen. Banks). Feb. i, 1863. "The order assigning the Ninth regi- ment, Connecticut Volunteers, to Emory's Division is rescinded, and the regiment is hereby assigned to the Second Brigade of Sherman's Division." (By command of Major Gen. Banks). Special Order No. 29, from Gen. T. W. Sherman, read as follows : HEADQUARTERS, DEFENCES OF NEW ORLEANS, NEW ORLEANS, Feb. 3, 1863. Special Order No. 29. The detachment of Company H, Ninth Connecticut Volunteers, now on duty in the city, will rejoin their com- pany and be replaced by the troops commanded by Colo- nel Farr. An additional company of the Ninth Connecti- WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 155 cut will be detailed to Captain Sawyer. The company will take post at the batteries on the Mexican Gulf rail- road. They will take charge of the batteries and picquet at the Lake shore of Proctorville. By order of BRIG. GENERAL T. W. SHERMAN. WICKHAM HOFFMAN, A. A. Gen. May 2, 1863. "Captain L. O'Brien, Provost Marshal of Parish of Saint James, is hereby authorized and em- powered to administer oaths of office required by law." (By order of Brig. Gen. G. F. Shepley, Military Governor of Louisiana). July 28, 1863. "Captain O'Brien: You will proceed to Ship Island with the paroled U. S. soldiers in your charge to-morrow by steamer * * * and turn them over to the officer in command, with a roll of the names of the soldiers." July 29, 1863. "Captain O'Brien: You will bring on your return to this city [New Orleans], from Ship Island, such paroled prisoners as may be attached to the 28th Maine Volunteers in order that they may join their regi- The following orders w T ere issued at New Orleans by Lieut. Col. Richard Fitz Gibbon of the Ninth : Feb. 3, 1863. "All drummers belonging to the regi- ment report on receipt of this order to John Healy, drum major, Lafayette Square, New Orleans, for instruction." Feb. 21, 1863. "Drummer Thomas McGuire, of Com- pany E, Ninth regiment, Connecticut Volunteers, is hereby transferred from that company to Company A of this regiment to take effect Feb. 21, 1863. Lieut. Sheri- dan will furnish Capt. Williams with McGuire's descrip- tive list, and account of pay and clothing." 156 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Feb. 24, 1863. "Drummer John Healy, of Company B, is hereby appointed principal musician of the regi- ment to take rank from the I2th of January, 1863." March 2, 1863. "In pursuance of Special Order No. 26, the commanding officers of Companies C and D, Ninth Connecticut Volunteers, will forward to these headquarters, description of all men who have enlisted into Company C, Second U. S. Artillery ; to be in by 10 o'clock a. m., 3d inst." March 5, 1863. "In accordance with orders from Headquarters, Second Brigade, Second Division, the companies of this regiment will have on hand at once: one hundred rounds of ammunition per man and be ready to move at the shortest notice. It is also ordered that every man have on hand at once the following articles : one cap, one blanket, one pair of shoes, two pairs of drawers, one haversack, one greatcoat, two flannel shirts, one blouse, one knapsack, one canteen." Such of these articles as were not worn or carried upon the person were to be "packed in the knapsack." March 15, 1863. "In pursuance of Special Order No. 26, Captain Patrick Garvey, of Company B, Ninth regi- ment, Connecticut Volunteers, will detail from his com- mand: One (i) lieutenant, one (i) sergeant, one (i) corporal, and twelve (12) privates to relieve the guards at the Mechanics' Institution; one (i) sergeant, one (i) corporal, and six (6) privates to the United States Mint ; one (i) sergeant, one (i) corporal, and six (6) privates at Marine Hospital; one (i) sergeant, one (i) corporal, and seven (7) privates at St. James' Hospital." He will oc- cupy house 58 Barr street, and make it the head- quarters of the company." March 18, 1863. "In compliance with Special Order, * * * Defences of New Orleans, March 18, 1863, Company B. Ninth Regiment, Connecticut Volun- teers, will immediately report to Major Frye at Hickock's Landing. The Quartermaster will furnish the necessary transportation." WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 157 April 4, 1863. "In compliance with Special Orders No. 46, Headquarters, Second Brigade, Second Division, April 4, 1863, Companies E and G [of the Ninth C. V.] will be relieved from Bayou St. John, and Lake Point, by Companies A and F, Forty-second Massachusetts Volun- teers. The Companies E and G will take post at the U. S. Barracks. The quartermaster will furnish the necessary transportation. Captain Wright on being relieved will turn over all orders and property to Captain Cogswell. This order will be complied with immediately." April 7, 1863. "The following named enlisted men of this regiment are hereby detailed as hospital attendants : August Rahl, 1 Company A; Peter Corcoran, Company A; James McKeon, Company C; John Riley, Company E. John Gillis, of Company D, [is] detailed as clerk at regimental headquarters ; and F. Smedel, Company I, as assistant, commissary department." April 12, 1863. " * * * Corporal James Gibbons, of Company I, Ninth regiment, Conn. Vols., is hereby detailed for extra duty as expressman between these headquarters and those of the commanding officer at or near Manchac Pass. He will report immediately to Capt. L. W. Perce, A. Q. M., at these headquarters." April 27, 1863. "Private August Rahl, of Company H, is appointed hospital steward of this regiment, vice Garry T. Scott promoted. The above appointment will take effect from Dec. 20, 1862. * * * " April 27, 1863. "In compliance with orders received from Headquarters, Second Brigade, Second Division, the usual muster and inspection of this regiment will take place on Friday, May i, instead of April 30. The Presi- dent of the United States having appointed the 3Oth of April as a day of fasting and prayer, the regiment will be mustered under the following order : Troops at the U. S. Barracks by Major E. S. Clark ; the portion of the regiment in Lafayette Square, Algiers and [at the] Mexi- 1 Appears elsewhere as Ruhl. 158 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. can Gulf railroad, by Capt. E. M. Curtis ; the three com- panies at and near Manchac Pass will be mustered by order of Col. Clark, Sixth Michigan Volunteers." April 29, 1863. "In compliance with Special Orders No. 59, State department, Ira C. Winsor reported to the headquarters of the Ninth Regiment, Conn. Vols., at New Orleans, La., on or about the 7th day of April, 1863, as second assistant surgeon, duly commissioned by His Excellency, Governor Buckingham, as first lieutenant, to take rank from the 2d clay of March, 1863. He will, therefore, be respected accordingly, and report to Doctor Gallagher, Surgeon of the Ninth regiment, Conn. Vols." April 29, 1863. Lewis H. Goodman, Twelfth Conn. Vols., Private, Company A, reported to the headquarters of the Ninth regiment, Conn. Vols., on or about the 29th day of April, 1863, duly commissioned by His Excellency Governor Buckingham, as second lieutenant of Company K, Ninth regiment, Conn. Vols. The said company having its full complement of officers, Lieut. Goodman is, therefore, assigned to Company A. May 5, 1863. "The following officers [have] been pro- moted and assigned as follows : Second Lieutenant James W. Graham, Company I, to [be] first lieutenant same company, vice Lieutenant Charles S. Palmer promoted Captain 1 [of] Company F; Sergeant David C. Warner, Company I, to be acting second lieutenant of said com- pany, vice Lieutenant Graham promoted ; Sergeant Major Michael Mullins promoted second lieutenant and as- signed to Company E ; Sergeant Thomas Wilson of Com- pany K, is appointed Sergeant Major, vice Mullins pro- moted. * * * " May 10, 1863. "Lieut. John C. Curtis, of Company G, Ninth regiment, Conn. Vols., is hereby appointed acting adjutant, in consequence of Adjutant Kattenstroth being detailed. Lieut. Michael Mullins of Company E, is hereby assigned to Company G, and will report to Capt. William Wright for duty." 1 Not mustered as such. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 159 May 1 1, 1863. " * * * Lieut. James Cahill, com- manding Company D, on being relieved by a company of [the] Twenty-sixth Mass. Vols., will at once concentrate his company and move via Jackson R. R., to Manchac Pass and there report to Major Frye, Ninth Conn. Vols." June 25, 1863. "Sergt. Charles W. Alcott, of Company I, is hereby detailed to take charge of all detached parties of convalescent troops, and Confederate soldiers who have taken the oath of allegiance to the United States. He will see to their quarters and rations." July 2, 1863. "Second Lieut. John C. Curtis, of Com- pany G, is hereby relieved as acting adjutant of the regi- ment, and will report to his company. First Lieut. James W. Graham, of Company I, is hereby appointed acting adjutant, vice Second Lieut. John C. Curtis relieved." July 3, 1863. "Robert Kerr, of Company F, is hereby detailed as clerk at regimental headquarters." July 9, 1863. "In consequence of the increased number of patients in [the] Regimental hospital, Privates James S. Olmstead, of Company I, and Patrick Campbell, of Company A, are hereby detailed as hospital attendants." July 20, 1863. "Corporal William Andrews, of Com- pany K, is hereby appointed clerk at regimental head- quarters, vice John Gillis promoted." On May 31, 1863, the organization of the Second Brigade of the Second Division of the Nineteenth Army Corps, was as follows, (Defences of New Orleans) : SECOND BRIGADE. Col. Thomas W. Cahill, (Ninth Connecticut Infantry), commanding. Ninth Connecticut. Twenty-eighth Maine (four companies). Twenty-sixth Massachusetts. Forty-second Massachusetts. Forty-seventh Massachusetts. CHAPTER X. THE NINTH RECEIVES MANY SOLDIERS WHO HAD SERVED UNDER GEN. TWIGGS A HIGH TRIBUTE TO THE REGI- MENT FROM GEN. BUTLER IMPORTANT MOVEMENTS IN WHICH OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE NINTH PAR- TICIPATE DEATH OF CORPORAL JOHN P. COEN OF WATERBURY A CAPTURE BY SERGEANT PHILIP REILLY VARIOUS ORDERS TO THE REGIMENT. THE NINTH had received a number of accessions to its ranks in New Orleans, mainly in 1862. Many of those thus enlisting had served in the old Regu- lar army under Gen. David E. Twiggs. The latter was a native of Georgia, and entered the service as captain in 1812. He became a major of infantry in the year 1814, and in 1836 was a colonel of dragoons. He commanded a brigade in the war with Mexico and rendered distinguished service at the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. On June 30, 1846, he became a brigadier general and for gallantry at Monterey was breveted major general. He had command of a division, under Scott, in 1847 an d the next year he was made civil and military governor of Vera Cruz. Early in 1861, Twiggs was in command of the U. S. troops in the De- partment of Texas, and betrayed his trust, thus blighting his long and honorable military career. On Feb. 16, 1 86 1, he treacherously surrendered to the Confederate authorities in Texas, all the U. S. troops in that State, numbering about 2,500, together with the stores and munitions of war valued at $1,200,000. He also sur- rendered the forts in his Department. He was forthwith dismissed "from the Army of the United States for treachery to the flag of his country." WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. Z 6i He was given a position of prominence in the Confed- erate army and was, for a time, in command of the rebel forces in New Orleans. He resigned this place late in 1861. The U. S. troops whom he had betrayed into the hands of the Confederates in Texas remained loyal to the Union, as did most of their officers. They were allowed to leave Texas. Some of them subsequently enlisted into the Ninth Connecticut and were the accessions referred to above. Gen. Butler pays the following tribute to the Ninth : ''When I occupied New Orleans I wanted to encamp a regiment in Lafayette Square, a small park in the centre of the city. The streets around it were inhabited by the best families. I chose the Ninth Connecticut. They re- mained in camp about three months, and so well did they conduct themselves that when I was about to move them elsewhere and put another regiment in their stead, * * * I had a very large petition presented to me of all the neighbors of their camp to have them remain. Their conduct was so exemplary, their care of the children who went to play in the park so tender and kind, that the in- habitants hoped that I would allow them to stay, as they did not think I could send them another regiment that would please them so well." In another place, referring to this incident, Gen. Butler says : "I told them I had none better, but I thought I had one as good, so the order was executed. But the Irishmen of the Ninth Connecticut were like the Irishmen in all armies in all countries, very excellent soldiers." Corporal John P. Coen, of Company F, was accident- ally killed May 27, 1863, at Kennerville, La. His death cast a gloom over the company by every member of which he was highly esteemed. He belonged in Water- bury, Ct., and had enlisted Sept. 16, 1861. The circum- stances attending his death were as follows : He and his company were ordered to proceed into New Orleans, ii 1 62 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. On May 26, 1863, with a detachment of ten men he went to the city, the rest of the company expecting to go the day following. In the meantime, however, the order was countermanded and the detachment in the city was ordered to return. They accordingly left New Orleans May 27. The train stopped for a short time at Kenner- ville and Corporal Coen and a number of others got off for a little exercise and to rest themselves. Suddenly, the train started and while the Corporal was attempt- ing to get aboard, he slipped and fell outside the track, striking on his head. Death resulted. When his brother, Corporal Michael P. Coen, of the same company, received information of the fatality, he was twenty-seven miles away, but immediately started for the scene and took charge of the body. The latter was conveyed to New Orleans and given a soldier's burial at Chalmette. A braver, truer defender of the Union never lived than Corporal John P. Coen. An officer of Company C, of the Ninth, kept a mem- orandum of the company's movements during the war. A few extracts therefrom are here given : "Oct. 31, 1862, to Dec. 31, 1862. The company has been constantly with its regiment since last muster until Dec. 4, '62, when the company was ordered on detached service to Lake End, La. On Dec. 13, one sergeant and twelve privates went aboard the U. S. gunboat New London and proceeded to Furnier and Madisonville on an expedition against guerrillas. Returned Dec. 15, after driving in the pickets of the enemy. "Dec. 31, 1862, to Feb. 28, 1863. The company has been on detached service since last muster at Lake End ; made several important captures of parties attempting to run the blockade. "April 30, 1863, to June 30, 1863. On May 26 this company was sent to New Orleans for special duty ; re- mained there till June ; thence proceeded, with four other CORPORAL JOHN P. COEN. (A good type of the Union soldier in active service). WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 163 companies of the Ninth, on an expedition to Bonita Sta- tion, La. ; remained there until June 22 ; proceeded thence to Bayou La Fourche where the company had a brisk engagement with the enemy ; three men wounded. The expedition then returned to New Orleans. "Aug. 31, 1863, to Oct. 31, 1863. The company in La- fayette Square, New Orleans, since last muster. One sergeant and eight men were detailed to serve on Signal Corps by Special Order No. 181, Headquarters, Depart- ment of the Gulf. One sergeant, two corporals and eight men sent North as guard to prisoners, by Orders 193-203, Headquarters, Second Brigade, Fourth Division. Lieut. Payne on detached service." Sergt. Philip Reilly, of Company E, modestly narrates an incident in which he participated. In the winter of 1863, he was in command of a detachment of his com- pany, stationed at Bay St. John. One evening while out reconnoitering with Corporal Ryan, the two heard an unusual sound. Listening intently, they became satisfied that it was caused by heavy wagons. Sergt. Ryan and his companion concealed themselves until the wagons had reached a point opposite, when they sprang from their hiding place and sternly called to the drivers to "Halt and surrender!" The demand was promptly complied with. An investigation disclosed the fact, that the Ser- geant and his friend had captured two heavily laden wagons with three able-bodied men in charge. "The next step," writes Sergt. Reilly, "was to decide what to do with our prisoners. We reached a decision promptly, and took them to Lakeport, a distance of about three miles over a lonely road. As we had nothing but our side arms, we had to be very watchful. After reach- ing Lakeport, we awoke Capt. Sheridan, and turned over to him our prisoners and the wagons. The contents of the latter proved to be quite valuable and consisted of medicine, clothing and whiskey intended for the Con- federates across the Lake." X 6 4 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Sergt. Reilly, just mentioned, while in command, in March, 1863, of an outpost at Bayou St. John, partici- pated in the capture of a blockade runner. She had aboard a large quantity of goods, including over $2,000,- ooo in Confederate paper money which was being taken to Richmond for the signature of the Confederate treas- urer. The bills had been made in Europe and brought to New Orleans by rebel sympathizers. When Gen. Beauregard's wife died in New Orleans, her brother and some other relatives called upon Gen. Banks. They spoke to him concerning the funeral ar- rangements, and explained that if a sympathetic demon- stration took place, they would not be responsible in case of a clash with U. S. troops. Gen. Banks referred the callers to the provost marshal, Gen. James Bowen. The latter called in Capt. Lawrence O'Brien, of the Ninth, and introducing him to the delegation, left them to com- plete the arrangements for the funeral. It was decided that the presence of troops would not be necessary. On the day of the funeral, Capt. O'Brien, in full uniform, rode in an open carriage with a relative of Mrs. Beaure- gard, from the house to the cathedral. A requiem High Mass was celebrated at the latter place. Every seat in the cathedral was occupied, and the vast concourse inside and out, evidenced by their presence the esteem in which the deceased lady was held. Capt. O'Brien also accom- panied the funeral cortege from the cathedral to the steamboat and so on to where the interment took place. An officer of the Ninth, writing in March, 1863, from Pass Manchac, Lake Maurepas, La., gives the following interesting accounts of some events then transpiring: "For several days past arrangements had been made for an expedition across Lake Maurepas. This was, as far as I am able to ascertain, to annoy the enemy by making an attack on whatever Confederate forces might be sta- tioned at the different villages along the neighboring rivers. By so doing, the rebels would be obliged to send WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. ^5 re-enforcements from Port Hudson to the several sta- tions, thus weakening that point. By this means, the capture of Port Hudson, by Farragut's fleet and Banks' forces, would be assisted. At 9 o'clock on the morning of March 22, the Second New York zouaves, numbering about 400 men, arrived at the Lake and were immedi- ately ordered to embark on board several schooners that were in waiting. A 12-pounder rifled gun was placed aboard one of the schooners, and a similar gun on a steamer present. These guns were manned by men of Companies C and F, of the Ninth, all under the charge of Lieut. Payne. A U. S. yacht and the gunboat Baritaria, being short of men, a call was made for some from our regiment which call was complied with, and the order was given to start. "I asked permission to accompany the expedition, the same was granted and by invitation of Capt. Spear I went aboard the yacht just mentioned. About noon, the gun- boat got under way and started for a station where the captain had been ordered to communicate with Col. Clark of the Sixth Michigan regiment who 1 was to march up the Jackson railroad to Pass Manchac. The remainder of the fleet followed. We had a very rough passage across the lake. The schooners rolled and tossed and even the steamer mentioned had a hard time of it. One of her smokestacks was blown down. The boys seemed to enjoy the trip, however, the zouaves rendering their favorite war songs during the passage. We arrived off Pass Manchac about 5 p. m., and there found Col. Clark with detach- ments of the Sixth Michigan, Twenty-fourth Maine, Fourteenth Maine and one company of the i7/th New York. The fleet anchored for the night. "The N. Y. Zouaves commenced landing on the morn- ing of March 23, and marched up the railroad. Soon there was an encounter with rebel pickets and one man was killed at this point. The rebels fled. Our troops found two schooners, loaded with cotton, and took a 1 66 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. number of prisoners. About 4 o'clock March 23, the remainder of our troops were conveyed up the river and landed at Wadesboro that evening. Skirmishers were thrown out and soon discovered the rebel pickets. There was sharp firing on both sides, the rebels falling back. Our forces occupied Wadesboro and Ponchatoula, La., March 24, secured the telegraph station, postoffice and commissary house, burned the rebel camp, and secured a number of rifles, swords, etc. Two companies were sent out to destroy the bridge between Ponchatoula and Camp Moore. "During the engagement with the enemy, there were wounded on our side Capt. Dodge and three men of the 1 77th New York and three of the New York Zouaves. On the rebel side, their commander and about a dozen men were wounded and one man killed." On Dec. 6, 1863, Capt. John G. Healy and Lieut. John Carroll, with Company C, of the Ninth, were sent to Com- pany Canal, La., where was stationed a battalion of cav- alry, comprising 250 negro soldiers and ten white officers. The negro soldiers were committing depredations and ter- rorizing the whites in and about that section of country. Their officers had no control over them. Company C, of the Ninth, was kept under cover while Capt. Healy re- ported to the commanding officer of the cavalry battalion and agreed with him upon a plan of action. This under- standing reached, Capt. Healy was introduced to the negro troops as an "inspecting officer." The ceremony was forthwith begun. During the inspection of quarters, the negroes were ordered to place their sabres in their tents, and then to parade for inspection of uniforms. At a signal to Lieut. Carroll, Company C was quietly brought to the rear of the tents, unperceived by the negroes. Suddenly, the company, with bayonets fixed and guns loaded, was moved to a position in front of the tents, thus rendering it impossible for the negroes to re- WAR OF THE REBELLION, 2861-1 865 167 gain possession of their sabres. The rebellious cavalry thus disarmed and foiled were marched to Fort Banks and kept there till next day when a steamer arrived and the prisoners, by order of Gen. Reynolds, were placed on board. The spirit of ugliness was completely taken out of them. Capt. Healy remained in command of Fort Banks several days. On Dec. 22, Company C returned to New Orleans. Following is another budget of orders issued, at New Orleans, to the Ninth,, by Lieut. Col. Fitz Gibbon : July 6, 1863. "Commandants of companies will imme- diately take steps to have their unserviceable tents con- demned by proper authority." July 9, 1863. "In compliance with Special Order No. 118, Headquarters Second Brigade, Second Division, I hereby assume command of all convalescents now in La- fayette Square, and all others who may hereafter be ordered to report. First Lieutenant Addis E. Payne, of Company C. and Second Lieutenant Andrew Cole, of Company K, are hereby ordered to take charge of said convalescents. They will be immediately organized into companies, at the maximum strength, and will, until fur- ther orders, be considered as part of the regiment. Such of them as are without arms and accoutrements will be immediately supplied with such by Lieutenant Corbin * * * The officers detailed to command these men will be held responsible for their good conduct and disci- pline." July n, 1863. "First Sergeant Charles W. Alcott, of Company I, is hereby relieved of the command of paroled Confederate prisoners, stationed at Lafayette Square, and also of that of the negroes there employed. Second Ser- geant J. T. Platt, of Company K, is hereby appointed to command paroled Confederate prisoners, stationed in Lafayette Square, and also to take charge of the negroes i68 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL, INFANTRY. there employed. He will be particular in attending- to the wants of the prisoners, and pay great attention to keeping the Square clean and in a healthy condition." July 30, 1863. "William H. Andrews, Corporal, Com- pany K, is detailed as clerk at Brigade headquarters. Private Michael King, of Company K, this regiment, is detailed as orderly at Regimental headquarters. * * Aug. 25, 1863. "Sergeant Eben B. Evarts, of Com- pany E, is hereby transferred to Company F and ap- pointed first sergeant of said company. Private John Hurlbert [Hulbert], of Company C, is hereby transferred to Company F and appointed second sergeant of said company. They will be obeyed and respected accordingly. The commandants of Companies E and C will furnish the above named sergeants with their descriptive lists, and account of pay and clothing, immediately." Aug. 25, 1863. "The Ninth regiment will be mustered for pay on Monday, August 31. Commandants of com- panies will see that every man is present, in full marching order, and able to undergo a very strict inspection. The companies at present stationed in Lafayette Square will form in line at 6 o'clock a. m. Company G will be mus- tered at 10 o'clock in the rear of U. S. Barracks. Com- panies A and H, stationed on the Mexican Gulf railroad, will be mustered on the arrival of the 10 o'clock train from New Orleans." Sept. 17, 1863. "The regular monthly inspection of this regiment will commence on the 25th inst. The regi- ment will be inspected by Lieut. H. K. Oliver, A. A. In- spector-General of the brigade. The inspection will com- mence and proceed in the following order: Companies B, C, D, E, F, I, and K, at Lafayette Square, on Friday morning, Sept. 25, 1863, at 6 o'clock; Company A, at Proctorville, on Saturday the 26th of September, 1863 ; Company H, at Camp Chalmette, and G, at U. S. Bar- racks, on Monday, 28th September, 1863. Commandants IV A R OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 169 of companies will see that all company books are signed and posted up to date and ready for a strict inspection ; that the men of their commands have everything" in ac- cordance with army regulations ; that quarters and kitchens are clean and neat, and, in fact, that everything pertaining to their commands is in perfect order." Oct. 8, 1863. "Hereafter, on the old guard being re- lieved, it will, under command of its officer, constitute a police guard whose duty it shall be to keep the camp in a clean and neat condition. The officer in charge will be held responsible that the policing of the camp is com- pleted each day before 10 o'clock a. m. Oct. 10, 1863. "The regular monthly inspection of the companies comprising the Ninth regiment, Connecticut Volunteers, by the Acting Assistant Inspector General of the Second Brigade, Fourth Division, Nineteenth Army Corps, will take place in the following order : Companies B, C, D, E, F, and K, stationed at Lafayette Square, New Orleans, on Thursday next, the i5th inst. Companies G and H, stationed at U. S. Barracks, New Orleans, and Chalmette, La., on Friday, i6th inst. Company A, sta- tioned at Proctorville, La., on Saturday, I7th inst. Com- pany commanders will see that everything pertaining to their commands is in good order. * * * It not being known at what hour the inspection will take place, all companies will be in readiness to form on the color line by 6 o'clock a. m. Each company commander will in- struct his men who are on outpost duty to report to him at the time specified, leaving only those who are stationed as sentries at that time. Immediately after inspection, each company commander will hand to the adjutant an inspection report of his company, giving the number of men present, and absent and where, the number of guns in his possession, kind and calibre ; the amount of ammu- nition on hand and, in short, a report of the company and all that pertains thereto. * * * " i yo NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL, INFANTRY, Oct. 14, 1863. " * * * Company commanders are authorized to enlist, as cooks, two men of color for each thirty men of their commands. Commandants of companies will, therefore, select good men for this pur- pose prior to the 2Oth inst, at which time they will be mustered into the United States service. * * * " Oct. 21, 1863. "The following named persons of this regiment have been commissioned by His Excellency, Governor Buckingham of Connecticut, as follows : First Lieutenant Thomas Fitz Gibbon, Company G, as quar- termaster, vice Quartermaster Thomas Corbin * * * ; Second Lieutenant John C. Curtis, Company G, as first lieutenant same company, vice Lieutenant Thomas Fitz- Gibbon commissioned quartermaster; Second Lieuten- ant James Cahill, Company D, as first lieutenant same company, vice Lieutenant Richard A. Clancey * * * ; Second Lieutenant Garry T. Scott, Company F, as first lieutenant same company, vice First Lieutenant John Carroll transferred to Company B ; Commissary Sergeant James Lawler as second lieutenant, Company C, vice Second Lieutenant Patrick Ingoldsby." Oct. 21, 1863. " Private Frederick Smedel, of Com- pany I, is hereby appointed commissary sergeant, vice Commissary Sergeant Lawler promoted." Nov. 14, 1863. " * * * Capt. John G. Healy, of Company C, with Second Lieutenant Michael Mullins, of Company E, and twenty (20) enlisted men of the for- mer company, is hereby detailed to proceed to Company Canal, La., and assume command of that post." Nov. 19, 1863. "Second Lieutenant Andrew Cole, of Company K, is, in addition to his other duties, hereby appointed regimental recruiting officer. No other officer is authorized to enlist men for the regiment." Dec. i, 1863. "A council of adminstration is hereby appointed, composed of the following named officers: Captain Patrick Garvey, of Company B ; First Lieuten- WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. I7I ant Francis McKeon, of Company E; First Lieutenant James Cahill, of Company D, whose duty shall be to dis- pose of the effects of deceased soldiers, in accordance with the seventeenth Article of the Revised Regulations." Dec. 13, 1863. "Commanders of companies will at once proceed to close all accounts, of the enlisted men of their commands, for clothing, etc., with the United States for the year 1863. The amount due the United States, and due the soldier, will be entered in the column of 'Re- marks/ on the muster and pay rolls of November and December, 1863." CHAPTER XL CONFEDERATE PLOT TO RECAPTURE NEW ORLEANS THE NINTH MENTIONED AS AMONG THE DEFENDERS OF THE CITY THE ENGAGEMENTS AT PASS MANCHAC AND BAYOU DES ALLEMANDS LIST OF DEATHS IN THE NINTH DURING 1863 AND 1864 VETERAN FUR- LOUGH OF THE REGIMENT A GREAT RECEPTION IN NEW HAVEN. EARLY in January, 1864, the Confederates were con- sidering a plot to recapture New Orleans. A rebel officer, Co. T. J. Reid, Jr., of the Twelfth Arkansas, wrote to President Davis of the Confederacy, submitting a plan for the retaking of the city. Reid had been a prisoner in the hands of the United States authorities since the fall of Port Hudson until Dec. 4, 1863, and had been kept in New Orleans. While thus a prisoner there, he had acquired information as to the strength and location of the Union forces within the city and much other information of value regarding the defences of the city. He mentions the Ninth Connecti- cut as among the defenders of the place. He unfolds his plans, in detail, to Davis and displays great confidence in the meditated undertaking. He mentions "six large regiments" of Confederates as have been organized "even under the presence of the enemy" and states that these would co-operate in the projected uprising. Thus, while New Orleans was being attacked by Confederates from the outside, these "six large regiments" of rebels would create a diversion inside the city by cutting the telegraph, seiz- ing the arsenal, capturing the general officers, etc. But this plan so carefully considered was never carried out. In the engagements at Pass Manchac and Bayou des Allemands, La., in 1864, additional glory was reflected W 'A R OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1*65. 173 upon the Ninth by the gallantry displayed in conflicts with the enemy. On Jan. 31, 1864, the Ninth formed part of a provi- sional brigade, in the Department of the Gulf, the other organizations in the brigade being the Twelfth Maine (four companies), and the One Hundred and Seventy- sixth New York, the whole being commanded by Col. William K. Kimball. On Feb. 15, 1864, a reorganization of the Nineteenth Corps was announced by which the Ninth Connecticut and the Thirteenth Connecticut were assigned to the Sec- ond Division, by order of Gen. Banks. Gen. Banks, who had succeeded Gen. Butler in com- mand of the Department of the Gulf, was a native of Wal- tham, Mass., and was born Jan. 30, 1816. He became a lawyer, a prominent Democrat, and at one time edited a newspaper. During the administration of President Polk, Banks held a position in the Boston Custom house, and in 1849 was a member of the state legislature of Massachusetts, being speaker of the lower branch of that body in 1851-52. In 1853, he was president of the State Constitutional Convention. In 1853-57, ne was a mem- ber of Congress, and separated from the Democratic party. He was speaker of the National House of Repre- sentatives in 1855, was elected governor of Massachu- etts in 1858, and served until 1861. When the war broke out, he was president of the Illinois Central railroad. He offered his services to President Lincoln, was commis- sioned a major general of volunteers in May, 1861, and was given command of the Annapolis military district. He displayed great ability during the war, and in 1865 was again elected to Congress. Gen. Thomas Williams, in whose forces the Ninth served at the battle of Baton Rouge, was born in New York, 1816. He graduated at West Point, in 1837, and became assistant professor of mathematics there. From 1844 to 1850, he was an aid to Gen. Scott, and rendered 174 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. gallant service in the war with Mexico. In Sept., 1861, he was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers and commanded, at one time, the forts at Hatteras. While Capt. O'Brien was provost marshal and judge of the Parish of St. James, La., he administered affairs so judiciously that he became quite popular with the planters and their negro laborers. The sugar crop was saved, the profits were large and the help received wages in full. Previously the work had been done by slave labor, so that the reception of wages for their work on this occasion was an agreeable experience for the ne- groes. Capt. O'Brien administered affairs so well that when Gen. Richard Taylor (Confederate) came sweeping along to relieve the besieged garrison at Port Hudson, O'Brien was secretly warned by the planters so that he might escape death or capture. The attention of Gen. Banks was specially called, in June, 1864, to the large number of U. S. soldiers con- fined in the Parish prison, New Orleans. He decided to investigate the matter and appointed a commission, con- sisting of four officers for that purpose. One of these officers was Capt. Lawrence O'Brien of the Ninth. They found that for trifling offences, soldiers would be arrested by the police and brought before a judge who would not fine them but would, instead, send them to prison. The commission also found, and so reported to Gen. Banks, that the judge was a secret enemy of the United States and was thus aiding his side by imprison- ing these U. S. soldiers and thus keeping them away from their regiments. As a result of the investigation, the soldiers were liberated and the judge was arrested and locked up. Lieut. Col. Richard Fitz Gibbon of the Ninth, issued the following circular from the headquarters of the regi- ment, Madisonville, La., early in 1864: Feb. 16, 1864. "There being a number of men in the several companies of this regiment who manifested a de- WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 175 sire, previous to re-enlisting, to be transferred from one company to another, and they having been generally in- formed by the officers that this desire would be granted, I think it is for the interest of the captains and also the regiment that this should be carried out. In order that it may be done properly, the applications should come from the captains to the commanding officer of the regi- ment. It is desired that this may be done as soon as con- venient.'' Lieut. Col. Fitz Gibbon also issued the following order under date of Madisonville, La., Feb. 26, 1864: "On the reorganization of this regiment as veteran volunteers, and at the request of company commanders, the following named enlisted men are transferred as fol- lows : Private Patrick Bowen, 1 of Company A, to Com- pany C ; Private James Keegan, of Company A, to Com- C ; Private Charles Dimon, of Company D, to Company I ; Private Thomas Knablin, of Company D, to Company I ; Corporal James Dolan, of Company E, to Company K ; Private Michael Dolan, of Company E, to Company K ; Private John O'Mara,of Company E,to Company K. All ordnance and ordnance stores, camp [and] garrison equip- age in their possession will be dropped from the next quarterly returns of the companies, from which they are transferred, and taken up on the returns of the compa- nies to which they are transferred. Their clothing and whatever other accounts they may have will be trans- ferred in like manner. Their names will be dropped from the rolls of the several companies from which they are transferred, and will be borne on rolls of the com- panies to which they are assigned. This order to take effect from March I, 1864." In an order issued by Lieut. Col. Fitz Gibbon, at Madisonville, La., Feb. 29, 1864, it is provided that "The camp of this regiment will be removed to-morrow to the grounds formerly occupied by the Eleventh Indiana Vol- unteers. The tents will be struck at 5 o'clock a. m." Also spelled Bohan. 176 NINTH REGIMENT CONN, VOL. INFANTRY. In an order issued by the Lieutenant Colonel at Car- rollton, La,, March 17, 1864, he announces that "The following officers are hereby appointed an examining board to examine recruits, from the general depot of en- listment, for this regiment, viz : Surgeon Charles A. Gal- lagher, Ninth Connecticut; Capt. Michael A. Williams, Ninth Connecticut; Capt. John G. Healy, Ninth Con- necticut." The Ninth was now preparing for its furlough North. Col. Cahill issued the following: HEADQUARTERS, NINTH REGIMENT, CONN. VOLS. CARROLLTON, LA., March 25, 1864. Regimental Order No. 5. I In compliance with Special Order No. 71, Head- quarters Defences of New Orleans, the commanding offi- cers of companies of this regiment will turn in to the regi- mental Quartermaster all quartermaster stores, camp and garrison equipage and all surplus ordnance stores for which they may be responsible. II The regimental Quartermaster upon the receipt of the ordnance and quartermaster stores, will turn the above named over to the proper staff departments, * * in accordance with Paragraph 3, Special Order No. 71, from Headquarters Defences of New Orleans. III The regimental surgeon, Charles A. Gallagher, will turn over to the proper staff departments all surplus medical stores for which he is responsible. IV Company commanders will make out and forward to these headquarters, at the earliest possible moment, descriptive lists * * * of all men of their commands who have not re-enlisted. By order of THOMAS W. CAHILL, Colonel Commanding. Henry Kattenstroth, Adjutant. W 'A R OF THE REBELLION, i86r-i86^. 177 According to an order issued at New Orleans, June 27, 1864, the Nineteenth Corps, as then made up, comprised three divisions,, nine brigades, and fifty regiments. The Ninth Connecticut regiment, at that time, formed a part of the First Brigade of the Second Division, The brigade was commanded by Gen. H. W. Birge and the division by Gen. Cuvier Grover. The brigade was constituted as follows : FIRST BRIGADE. BRIG. GEN. H. W. BIRGE. Fourteenth Maine, Col. Thomas W. Porter. Twelfth Maine, Col. William K. Kimball. Twenty-sixth Massachusetts, Col. A. B. Farr. Ninth Connecticut, Col. Thomas W. Cahill. Seventy-fifth New York, Col. R. B. Merritt. Fourteenth New Hampshire, Col. Robert Wilson. Gen. Henry W. Birge, commanding this brigade, was a native of Connecticut, and when the war broke out was a resident of Norwich. In May, 1861, he was commis- sioned as major of the Fourth Connecticut regiment, but resigned that position and in November, 1861, was made colonel of the Thirteenth Connecticut. He led the latter to Ship Island, Miss., and thence to New Orleans, later participating in operations throughout that section. In September, 1863, he was commissioned brigadier general. He took part in the Red River campaign and in Sheri- dan's operations in the Shenandoah Valley. In June, 1865, he was appointed to command the military district of Savannah, Ga. The following order is self-explanatory : Aug. 15, 1864. "Captain O'Brien, Qth Connecticut Volunteers, will take command of, and distribute to their regiments, all enlisted men now at Camp of Distribution in this city, whose regiments are serving in the Army of 12 178 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. the Potomac. All officers en route to their commands, junior in rank to Captain O'Brien, will render him such assistance in the discharge of this duty, as he may re- quire. The Quartermaster's department will furnish the necessary transportation." (By command of Major Gen. J. J. Reynolds). The following is a list of members of the Ninth who are recorded as having "Died" during 1863 and 1864, to- gether with the place where each belonged. The list does not include those killed during that period : COMPANY A. Private Daniel Mullen, New Haven. Private John Donohue, Branford. Private James Foley, New Haven. 1 Private Patrick Cullen, 2 New Haven. COMPANY B. Private Thomas Dunn, New Britain. Private Patrick Green, Meriden. Private James Lawler, 3 Middletown. Private John Lynch, ist, Cheshire. Private Michael Magee, Meriden. Private Alexander Merceir, Cheshire. Private Thomas Minahan, New Haven. Private William Casheen, 2 Meriden. COMPANY C. Private Timothy McLaughlin, New Haven. Private John T. Barry, New Haven. Private Roger Kelleher, New Haven. Private Garrett Birmingham, 2 New Haven. Private John Smith, 2d, New Haven. COMPANY D. Private Nicholas Doyle, Bridgeport. Private Peter Keenan, Bridgeport. 1 Place of muster in. 2 Died while a member of the Ninth Battalion, C. V. 3 Drowned. IV A R OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 179 Private Peter O'Conner, Bridgeport. Private Dennis Otis, Bridgeport. Private Philip Pearson, New Orleans, La. 1 COMPANY E. Private Cornelius Ryan, Derby. Private John McTague, Camp Parapet, La. 1 Private Matthew Gallagher, New Haven. COMPANY F. Corporal Carl G. Bernhardt, Westbrook. Private John Fanning, Waterbury. Private John McCarthy, New Orleans, La, 1 Private John McSorley, Norwich. COMPANY G. Musician Dennis Deegan, Middletown. Private John Rynes, New Orleans, La. 1 Private James Galvin, Hartford. Private Peter Hackett, Hartford. Private Cornelius Lehon, Portland. Private Joseph Furnace, New Orleans, La. 1 Private Otto Lefevre, 2 New Orleans, La. 1 Private Thomas Spellesay, New Orleans, La. 1 COMPANY H. Corporal James O'Brine, Carrollton, La. 1 Corporal Patrick Glynn, 3 Norwich. Private John I. Cain, Danbury. Private John Meldrum, Norwich. Private Newman Bruisee, New Haven. Private Henry F. Thompson, Portland. Private James Carey, Carrollton, La. 1 Private John Green, Carrollton, La. 1 Private Patrick Gray, New Haven. 1 Place of muster in. a Transferred to ist Regt., Texas Cavalry, Nov. i, 1862; died at Hempstead, Tex., Aug. 30, 1864. 3 Died while a member of Company C, Ninth battalion, C. V. NOTE. To the above add the following: Company D, Wagoner Henry Dressen- doffer, New Orleans, La.; Wagoner William Fibbs, Bridgeport. Company G, Private Heenan Greenhart, Hartford; Private James Cunningham, Hartford. Company H, Private Oliver Sanford, Portland. 1 80 NIN TH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. IN FA NTR Y. COMPANY I. Private John Cooney, 1 Lowell, Mass. Private Martin Murphy, Northampton, Mass. Private William Hollidi, Carrollton, La. 2 COMPANY K. Sergeant William Brown, Derby. Private Charles Ross, Hartford. By special order No. 19, issued by Col. Cahill, at Car- rollton, La., April 4, 1864, the non re-enlisted men of the Ninth, and others not entitled to the furlough, were assigned to Capt. Wright of the regiment, during the absence of the latter at the North. Lieut. Joseph H. Lawler was, at his own request, relieved from duty with Company H, and was ordered to report for duty to Capt. Wright. In the meantime, the U. S. transport Continental had been provided to convey the regiment North on its fur- lough. The Continental was moored to a wharf at the head of Jackson street, New Orleans. The Ninth was transported from Carrollton to New Orleans by rail and marched to the boat. A special guard of three men from each company was detailed for duty at the steamer. Embarking, the regiment was assigned quarters for the voyage, and soon after, lines were cast off and the Con- tinental started on her journey. Officers and men were in excellent spirits, at the prospect of visiting home, and the passage proved very enjoyable. The Continental, which also had the Eighth Vermont regiment aboard, reached Long wharf, New Haven, at 5 p. m., Friday, April 15. The city was en fete to welcome the returned veterans. The New Haven Palladium speaking of the event, in its issue of April 16, 1864, says: "New Haven honored the brave boys of the Ninth yesterday. Col. Cahill and about 1 Drowned. 3 Place of muster in. IV A R OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863, 181 400 of his re-enlisted men arrived at Long wharf on the transport Continental, yesterday afternoon, after a pleas- ant passage. * * * The veterans were landed, formed in line, and inspected at the end of Long wharf. They were then marched up to the head, where they were met by the imposing military escort which our patriot- ism had provided for them." Church bells were rung, cannon fired and other welcoming features displayed. The Eighth Vermont also landed and participated in the parade, receiving a cordial greeting. The line was made up as follows, as stated in the Connecticut War Record, a publication of the period : Second Company, Governor's Horse Guards. Band. One Company of the Third Battalion, Veteran Reserve Corps, from the U. S. Rendezvous. Detachment of the Second Battalion, Veteran Reserve Corps, from the Knight Hospital. Detachment of 30 men on Recruiting Service, from the U. S. Rendezvous. The New Haven Grays, Capt. Northrop. The National Blues, Capt. Hollister. The Governor's Foot Guard, Major Camp. The City Guard, Capt. Richards. The Emmet Guard, Capt. Wrinn. Reception Committee in carriages. Mayor Tyler, Maj. Gen. Russell, and the Rev. Father Hart of St. Patrick's church. The Ninth Regiment, 1 Connecticut Volunteers, Col. Thomas W. Cahill. Band. The Eighth Vermont Regiment, Col. Dutton. The Ninth received a tremendous welcome from the multitude lining the route of march. The veterans were escorted to the State House, in New Haven, where an address of welcome was delivered by Mayor Tyler. An eloquent address was also delivered by the Rev. Father Hart, in the course of which he said : "We hoped for great things from you ; and I proclaim before you that our hopes have not been disappointed, 1 The re-enlisted veterans. 1 82 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. IN FA NTR Y. no, not in a single instance. We have followed you from Ship Island to Pass Christian, your first encounter in war, when, after having conquered the fathers, you gave bread to the starving children. We followed you to New Orleans. W r e found you in the expedition bound for Vicksburg. There many of your noble brothers in arms laid down their lives upon their country's altar. Sacred be their memories to-night! Honored be the graves in which their patriotic dust is laid to rest! and may our country, for which they died, care for their widowed and orphaned ones. From Vicksburg, we watched your steps to Baton Rouge, now made famous by your exploits ; where, after a most desperate contest, lasting for hours, your gallant colonel was placed in command, by whose efforts the day was won, and the enemy defeated, forced to retire, leaving their dead and wounded in your hands. You have done well. We are proud of you. Other regiments have fought more than you, because they had it to do. You have done all the fighting given you to do, and done it well. We honor you, therefore, and were proud of you when we heard of your congratulatory orders, and your compliments for discipline and bravery." During the exercises, a dinner was served the veterans. The Ninth went into camp in New Haven, and the men were given opportunities to visit their homes and fami- lies, from whom they had been absent so long. SERG'T Piiii.ii- RILEY. SKKG'T J. T. MULLEN PRIN. Mus. JOHN E. HEALY. CHAPTER XII. DEPARTURE OF THE NINTH FROM NEW HAVEN FOR BER- MUDA HUNDRED THE COMMAND AT THE NATIONAL- CAPITAL THE MARCH TO TENNALLYTOWN, D. C. THENCE TO THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY THE BATTLES' OF WINCHESTER AND FISHER'S HILL REENLISTED 1 VETERANS ORGANIZED INTO THE NINTH BATTALION, COMMANDED BY LIEUT. COL. JOHN G. HEALY. THE NINTH left New Haven for the front, again, July 1 8, 1864, an d was given a cordial farewell. New Haven was aglow with enthusiasm and a great con- course witnessed the regiment's departure. The com- mand departed on the steamer Elm City for New York and landed there. It was at first thought to retain the regiment in that city, owing to circumstances, but the command was finally embarked for New Orleans. This order was soon changed, however, and the Ninth was directed to proceed to the James river, where it disem- barked at Bermuda Hundred, Va., and participated, "with its usual alacrity," in the important movements then taking place. Gen. Butler, early in May, 1864, had entrenched the larger part of the Army of the James at Bermuda Hun- dred, at the junction of the James and Appomattox rivers. The object was to co-operate with the Army of the Potomac, which was approaching from the North. Butler's prime consideration, just then, was to prevent Lee receiving re-enforcements from Petersburg, Va., or the South. With this purpose in view, Butler undertook the destruction of the railway between Petersburg and Richmond so as to cut off direct communication between the capital of the Confederacy and the South. Gen. Gillmore withdrew his forces from before Charles- ton to join Butler, whereupon Gen. Beauregard hurried 1 84 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. IN FA NTR Y. northward to confront and oppose the Army of the James. He reached Petersburg and was quickly re- enforced. Under cover of a dense fog, on the morning of May 1 6, 1864, he attempted to turn Butler's right flank. After a spirited battle, Butler's troops retired to within their entrenchments. Some days later, Butler was ordered to forward nearly two-thirds of his effective force to the north side of the James river for the purpose of assisting the Army of the Potomac which was then engaged oper- ating against Lee in northern Virginia. Deprived of so large a part of his troops, Butler was unable, for the time, to make any further aggressive movement. He accord- ingly expressed himself to the effect that "The necessities of the Army of the Potomac have bottled me up at Ber- muda Hundred." This sentiment was subsequently used to his disadvantage. The Ninth, under Col. Cahill, upon reaching Bermuda Hundred, in July, 1864, reported to Gen. W. S. Hancock commanding the Second Corps. Some days later the regiment proceeded to Deep Bottom, Va. In a short time it moved to Washington, D. C. It reported to Gen. C. C. Auger, commanding the Twenty-second Corps. One of the captains of the regiment writing home to Connec- ticut, under date of Tennallytown, D. C., Aug. 3, 1864, says : "In the letter which I sent home on the ist inst., I mentioned that we were in sight of the city of Washing- ton. Well, we arrived there that evening, and in a few moments received orders to march to the Baltimore depot and there take the cars. All the knapsacks were stored in one of the Government buildings, the officers and men taking with them only what clothing they most needed. We marched through Washington to the depot. On arriving at the latter point, we learned that no cars would be ready for us until near morning. So we were ordered, with other regiments, to an open field where we laid ourselves down. The men had their blankets with WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 185 them, but the officers had no such comforts and were obliged to recline on the bare ground. "We did not expect to have much of a sleep that night, as we expected to be ordered off at any moment. Still, we hoped this would not be and that we would be per- mitted to remain undisturbed for the night, as we were all tired out, not having changed our clothing since we left New Haven and having had but little sleep. In one hour after we had lain down, however, the order was given to 'Fall in !' without arms. "'Fall in! Fall in! Fall in! Every man in his place ; Fall in ! Fall in ! Fall in ! Each with a cheerful face. Fall in ! Fall in ! Fall in ! Fall in !' "We were marched to a large building, called the 'Soldiers' Rest,' where we were treated to plenty of cold ham, hot coffee and fresh bread. The boys ate with a relish. After this, we went back to the camp and again fixed ourselves for a good night's rest. But we were soon disturbed, and ordered to go aboard the cars. These were such as are used to carry horses. We lay down on the hard boards and tried to snatch a brief sleep. Before daylight, we were aroused and ordered to disem- bark, the train not having started, and be ready to imme- diately march. "The line was formed on Pennsylvania Ave., in front of the National Capitol. Our regiment had the right of the line, and the march was soon begun. We soon learned that we were to march to the Tennallytown road and there join other troops on their way against the enemy. After we had marched about seven miles, we were ordered into camp. Our brigade formed in line at 10 o'clock that night and, half an hour later, we started for the front. The Ninth was in excellent spirits, notwith- standing what it had just been through, and we moved ! 86 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL INFA NTR Y. forward in excellent shape. We marched until 2.30 o'clock the next morning, and by that time we were very tired. "We were permitted to lie down and were soon fast asleep. The next morning, we commenced pitching our tents, which are nothing but a square piece of canvas for the officers and men; all fare alike. When we awoke that morning, the first thing that attracted our attention was the advance line of our fortifications within a short distance of us. There we were in the front and facing the enemy. The evening previously, a great many of the Ninth went up to the works, and when they came back they informed those who did not go that they had got a glimpse of the enemy. This information prompted a gen- eral rush of the boys to the place and from there, sure enough, could be seen our pickets and, beyond them, those of the Confederates. Friend and foe were only a short distance apart. In fact, the pickets were near enough to exchange words with each other. I went up to our works yesterday afternoon and, with the naked eye, could easily see the rebel pickets and, with the aid of a glass, could nearly discern their features. I heard their band play last night. There was also great cheering among the Confederates, but we have not yet learned the cause of it. "I don't know how long we will remain here, prob- ably until the rest of our corps arrives from New Orleans. Lieutenants Kennedy, Connors and McKeon, and sev- eral of the men, who had been left behind, arrived here yesterday. The Sixth and Seventh regiments are close by us, on our right. There is very little firing going on in the daytime, but at night they go in. Last night there was very heavy firing over in the direction of Petersburg. There is also heavy firing in the direction of Fort Dar- ling on the James river." Writing, "In the woods, near the Leesburg Turnpike, about 15 miles from Washington, Aug. 14, 1864," the WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. jgy captain of the Ninth, just quoted, says : "All the troops of the Ninteenth Corps, that were stationed at Tennally- town, struck their tents about I o'clock this morning. The air is cool and refreshing, caused by a splendid shower last night. At 3 o'clock this morning, the order was given to march, and we started in the following order: Gen. Grover, and staff, on the right; Gen. Birge, and staff, next ; then our brigade and three other brigades in their respective order. Then followed the large train of ambulances, brigade, regimental and supply wagons. Forward we went over the rough roads, our equipments on our backs and three days' rations in our haversacks. We marched up hill and down vale, on the roads and through the woods. At times it was so dark we could see but a very short distance ahead of us. The roads were in bad shape, being covered with small stones. Upon day- light appearing, we halted for ten minutes, and then started again. At 5 a. m. we crossed the celebrated Chain Bridge, a beautiful structure. Our band played an air while we were crossing. In half an hour after, we passed through 'Fort Marcy.' You will recollect that our regiment is on the right of the line. The weather had now become very warm. We halted for about ten minutes every hour. We did not march over two miles an hour, owing to the condition of the route. During the march, we had to wade through two large streams. A rest was then ordered for the remainder of the day. I had some dry coffee in my haversack and soon had some of the refreshing beverage prepared. Our beds consisted of leaves, with pieces of shelter tents spread over them. Over us, we had another piece of tent, rigged on sticks. My bed was on the edge of a stream. We are to move again at 3 o'clock to-morrow morning." Writing the next afternoon, the same officer says : "We were up at 2 o'clock this morning and after preparing and taking breakfast, we resumed our march at 3 a. m. We continued until noon when we halted at this place called i88 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. 'Broad Run/' which is in Virginia. The day is very warm. I have returned from the 'Run' where I had a fine swim and feel much refreshed. I have not heard of any deaths to-day in the division. Yesterday there were three or four, due to the heat." Under date of "Leesburg, Va., Aug. 18, 1864," the officer writes: "We left camp at 3.30 this morning, and after a tedious march reached the town of Leesburg, Va. It is a beautiful village. The houses are nearly all of brick. As the head of the line reached the village, the bands of the different regiments struck up appropriate airs, and with colors flying, we entered the place. There were a great many people in the streets, no young men but some young ladies and many elderly people ; also crowds of negroes. The whites did not seem to be pleased with our visit. We saw several girls seated at the windows of their homes but they did not look at us. They are strong secessionists. The Ninth encamped just out- side the place. I, and several other officers, went to the hotel this evening to get supper. There were several ladies at the table, all of them well dressed. The hotel management charged us one dollar for a cup of tea or coffee, hot biscuit and johnnycake. After supper we took a walk about the place. It is one of the prettiest villages I have ever been in. The inhabitants are very cheerful. We expect to leave here in the morning." The Ninth added to its fame, by the part taken by the regiment at Deep Bottom, Va., in July, 1864, and at the battle of Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, who was of Irish parentage, took command of the middle division of the army on Aug. 7, that year. He had three army corps, the Sixth, Eighth and Nin- teenth, his forces including 10,000 cavalry. Of Connecti- cut regiments with Sheridan at this time "were the Sec- ond Artillery, still fighting as infantry in Wright's Sixth corps ; the Eighteenth regiment in Crook's Eighth corps, the First Cavalry in Wilson's division, and the Ninth, WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 189 Twelfth and Thirteenth regiments, which had arrived from the Department of the Gulf, in the Nineteenth corps." Sheridan established his headquarters at Harper's Ferry. He carefully prepared for a vigorous campaign, and de- voted a month to getting his forces well in hand. Gen. Early (Confederate), wishing to flank him, attempted to lure him up the Shenandoah Valley, but Sheridan was too sagacious to be drawn into the trap. Instead, he kept the entrance into Maryland vigilantly guarded against Confederate raids and went ahead with his preparations. Gen. Grant visited Sheridan, Aug. 16, 1864, to consider the situation. The rest of the narrative is thus told i 1 "Sheridan was anxious to begin offensive operations. The lieutenant general (Grant) had confidence in him and, after deliberation, left him, with the laconic order, "Go in !" Sheridan and Early then confronted each other at Opequan Creek, a few miles east of Winchester. Sheri- dan watched his antagonist closely, and when, on Sept. 18, Early weakened his lines by sending half his army on a reconnoissance to Martinsburg (which Averill re- pulsed), Sheridan put his forces under arms, and, at 3 o'clock in the morning, Sept. 19, they were in motion towards Winchester, Wilson's cavalry leading, followed by Wright's and Emory's corps. Wilson crossed the Opequan at dawn, charging upon and sweeping away all opposers, and securing a place, within two miles of Win- chester, for the deployment of the army. There they formed, with Wright's corps on the left, flanked by Wil- son's cavalry, Emory in the centre, and Crook's Kanawha infantry in reserve in the rear. Early had turned back towards Winchester before Sheridan was ready for battle, and strongly posted his men in a fortified position on a series of detached hills. Averill had followed them closely from Bunker's Hill, and he and Merritt enveloped Win- chester on the east and north with cavalry. 1 In Lossing's Cyclopcedia of United States History. 190 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. "Between the two armies lay a broken, wooded country. The Nationals attempted to reach Early's vulnerable left wing and centre, and, in so doing, encountered a terrible tempest of shells. They charged Early's centre furiously and carried his first line. His skillful general, Rodes, was killed. The assailing columns were quickly hurled back by two powerful divisions. It seemed, for a moment, as if the Nationals had lost the day. The Con- federates eagerly sought to seize the only gorge in the mountains through which the Nationals might retreat, if compelled to. This was well defended by a few troops at first. Very soon the Confederates were pushed bacK to their lines. This was followed by the rapid rallying of the broken columns of the Nationals, and re-forming of their line, w r hich speedily advanced. There was now a most sanguinary battle until 4 o'clock p. m., when a loud shout was heard from beyond the woods on the Union right. It was from Crook's (Eighth) corps * * * which, with Torbert's cavalry, pressed forward in the face of a murderous fire and fell heavily upon Early's left. "At the same time there was a general charge upon the Confederate centre by the infantry, and by Wilson's cav- alry on Early's right, driving the Confederates to the fortified heights. Before 5 o'clock the latter were carried, and Early's broken columns were flying through Win- chester and up the valley towards Strasburg in full re- treat. They left behind them 2,500 of their number as prisoners,, with nine battle flags and five pieces of artillery. They were pursued until dark. The Confederates lost about T,OOO men besides the prisoners. Sheridan's loss was about 3,000. Besides the prisoners taken in battle there were about 3,000 wounded left in Winchester. " As the battle opened, the Ninth was thrown forward as skirmishers and to protect the right flank of the Nine- teenth corps. The advance videttes of the regiment were the means of having a Confederate battery captured, as WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. I9I they kept firing at the gunners and thus greatly aided a regiment of the Eighth corps which came up and took the battery. Some members of the Ninth were wounded during the engagement. They included Private Patrick Delaney, of Company F, and Private Augustus S. Smith, of Company 1. The former belonged in Waterbury ; and the latter in Plymouth, Ct. Drum Major Healy, of the Ninth writes : "After the battle of Winchester, I was of a party looking in the woods and ravines for the dead and wounded. I came across an officer's horse with full accoutrements. The horse had been wounded in the fleshy part of the breast, not dangerously. He seemed glad he had been dis- covered. I brought him into camp, doctored up his wound and used him to carry the personal effects of my drum corps and also for foraging. One afternoon I, with six others, while near Harrisburg, Va., in the Shenan- doah Valley, drove about nine miles, looking for food, to a deserted farm with plenty of goats, pigs, potatoes and apples. I got a pot of apple butter, a bag of apples and potatoes and half a hog and had them tied to the pomel of my saddle when Mosby's guerrillas were seen in the distance on a run for us. It was certain death from the enemy to any one caught foraging. I started my horse on a run towards camp, but they were firing at me and were gaining. I cut loose all my bags and that wounded horse fairly flew and saved me. George Lyon was caught. He had a $10 greenback in his pocket. He put it in his shoe and they did not find it. He had to walk to Rich- mond. When he got there the greenback was nothing but pulp." It used to be humorously declared that the boys from Connecticut, on their march through Virginia, could chase a fat porker, kill him, cut him up, and put him in their haversacks, without losing step. While the Ninth was thus on the march, by way of 192 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL INFANTRY. Leesburg and Snicker's Gap,, to Berryville to join Sheri- dan, a musician of the regiment died of sunstroke. In his delirium he had wandered into a field. The surgeon ex- amined him and reported that there was no hope. Says a member of the Ninth : "The night we crossed Snicker's Gap we had already been on the march since i o'clock the night previous. Tired, hungry, barefooted, it seemed as though we should never hear the welcome order 'Halt!' Among the sick in ambulances were Surgeon WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 193 Gallagher and two other surgeons. The roads were in fearful condition. After joining Sheridan, Aug. 17, 1864. a week or so was spent by the Ninth in skirmishing, forti- fying, changing position, etc. One night we moved hur- riedly to Halltown, near Harper's Ferry a few days there then back again to Berry ville. On the morning of Sept. 19, the army was in motion and before daylight we of the Ninth could hear the boom of the cannon in the distance. At 9.30 a. m., we left the road and moved to the right under cover of the hills. The shells were now screaming over us, and the rattle of musketry came to us directly from our left. We hurriedly formed in line of battle, pushed through the dense woods and in a few moments were in the roar of the conflict. At nightfall, after the defeat of the enemy, we marched over the field and bivouacked at Winchester. We continued the pur- suit through the day and in the evening took up a posi- tion on the extreme left of our army. That evening, the Ninth made a reconnoissance. The next day, we were ordered to hold a ford at the foot of a mountain still further to the left. Crossing the railroad, the Ninth moved through an open field to the river several hundred yards distant. Two of our companies forded the stream, the rest forming along a fence on the bank. In a short time, we heard the 'Rebel yell' and a brigade swept down from the heights upon our boys who fell back under a terrible fire. The water of the river seemed to fairly boil with the splash of the bullets. Amid the confusion, eight companies of the Ninth fell back to the railroad, leaving the Colonel and two companies near the river, the enemy being in such proximity that retreat was impossible. Sharp firing was kept up all day, without much damage being done on either side. The rebels not knowing our weakness failed to cross and attack us. Our loss was two killed and five wounded. Under cover of the darkness we fell back to the main body, but in the morning re- turned to our old position in time for the battle of Fisher's Hill, Va." 13 1 94 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Driven from Winchester, Early and his forces did not halt until they reached Fisher's Hill, the point just men- tioned. This was beyond Strasburg and 20 miles from the Winchester battlefield. Fisher's Hill was strongly fortified. Sheridan had sent a despatch to the Secretary of War, stating that "We have just sent the enemy whirling through Winchester, and are after them to- morrow." And he kept his word. On Sept. 22, 1864, he appeared before Fisher's Hill where the Confederates under Early were entrenched. Sheridan ordered Crook's corps to gain the rear of the Confederate position, and with Weight's and Emory's corps advanced to the attack of the left and front. The assault was vigorously made and, notwithstanding a vigorous resistance, the Confed- erates were driven in great disorder up the valley, leaving behind over 1,000 prisoners and sixteen pieces of artillery. Sheridan pursued to Port Republic where he destroyed a Confederate train of 75 wagons. His cavalry continued the pursuit to Staunton, where Early had found shelter in the passes of the Blue Ridge. The Union cavalry de- stroyed a great amount of stores at Staunton, and then proceeded to Waynesborough and visited destruction upon the Virginia Central railroad. Sheridan's army then moved down the Shenandoah valley, inflicting great, but necessary, damage and leaving nothing that would "invite the enemy to return/' The Ninth's term of service as a regiment being about to expire, measures were taken to organize those who had reenlisted, into a battalion. The following was issued: HEADQUARTERS, NINETEENTH ARMY CORPS, NEAR CEDAR CREEK, VA., October 12, 1864. Special Orders No. 59. (Extract) : Pursuant to Special Orders No. 53, Ex. 3, Headquar- ters Middle Military Division, the recruits and re-enlisted WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 195 men of the Ninth Connecticut Volunteers will be consoli- dated into a Battalion of four companies to be com- manded by senior Captain. The companies will be designated respectively as A, B, C, D, and the following will be the assignment of offi- cers retained by Special Orders No. 53, Headquarters Middle Military Division : COMPANY A. Captain, John G. Healy. First Lieutenant, G. T. Scott. Second Lieutenant, Thomas Connors. COMPANY B. Captain, T. Sheridan. First Lieutenant, M. Mullins. Second Lieutenant, C. Streit. COMPANY C. Captain, W. A. Lee. First Lieutenant, D. C. Warner. Second Lieutenant, J. H. Lincoln. COMPANY D. First Lieutenant, J. W. Graham. Second Lieutenant, to be selected. The men will be assigned as follows : 98 men to Com- pany A, 98 men to Company B, 98 men to Company C, and 90 men to Company D, to be assigned by senior officer. The Non-Commissioned Staff will be retained. By order of Brevet Major-General EMORY, DUNCAN L. WALKER, A. A. G. 196 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Under command of Captain Healy, the Ninth Bat- talion, thus organized, bore a very conspicuous part in the battle of Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864, its flag being the first planted on the recaptured works of the enem^. In this desperate action the Ninth lost thirty men in killed and wounded. Col. Cahill, Lieut. Col. Fitz Gibbon, Major Frye, Ad- jutant Kattenstroth, Quartermaster Fitz Gibbon, Surgeon Gallagher and other officers of the regiment were honor- ably discharged Oct. 26, 1864, their term of service hav- ing expired. LIEUT. COL. JOHN G. HEALY. CHAPTER XIII. THE NINTH BATTALION AT THE BATTLE OF CEDAR CREEK, VA. GREAT ENTHUSIASM GREETS SHERIDAN ON HIS ARRIVAL FROM WINCHESTER PRAISE FOR THE COLOR BEARERS OF THE NINTH GEN. BIRGE THANKS THE BATTALION FOR ITS GALLANT WORK THE COMMAND AT SAVANNAH, GA. THE MUSTER OUT AND RETURN HOME CASUALTIES OF REGIMENT AND BATTALION DURING THE WAR. CAPT. John G. Healy, senior captain of the Ninth Battalion, C. V., was made lieutenant colonel Dec. i, 1864. He commanded the Battalion throughout its whole period of service, and was mustered out with the command, Aug. 3, 1865. The Battalion rendered valiant service and was one of the most efficient of the veteran organizations. It participated in the battle of Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864, an( l was among the commands to welcome Sheridan as he dashed along on his famous ride from Winchester. After the battle of Fisher's Hill, in Virginia, fought in 1864, in which the Union forces achieved such a great victory, Sheridan went to Washington on official business, leaving Gen. Wright in command. His forces were strongly posted at Cedar Creek, and no attack from the enemy was expected. Nevertheless, it came. Early, the Confederate commander, keenly felt the defeat he had received and determined to strike a blow in an attempt to reverse the conditions. Reinforced by Kershaw's divi- sion, and 600 cavalry sent him by Lee, he decided on a bold and swift movement against the Federals. He ac- cordingly secretly assembled his forces behind a mask of thick woods, at Fisher's Hill, and formed them in two columns. Soon after midnight, Oct. 19, 1864, he moved to make a simultaneous attack upon both flanks of the 198 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Union army. His right column consisted of the divisions of Gordon, Ramseur, and Pegram ; his left of those of Wharton and Kershaw. At dawn, he fell upon the Federals, striking them on the right, left and rear. So furious and unexpected was the assault that the Federals were taken by surprise and thrown into great confusion. "In fifteen minutes," says an account of the fight, "Crook's corps, that held a position in front, and had heard mysterious sounds like the dull, heavy tramp of an army, was broken into fragments, and sent flying back in disorder upon the corps of Emory and Wright. Crook left 700 men as prisoners with many cannon, small arms, and munitions of war, in the hands of the Confed- erates. Emory tried in vain to stop the fugitives, but very soon his own corps gave way, leaving several guns be- hind. These, with Crook's, eighteen in all, were turned upon the fugitives with fearful effect." Gen. Wright, recognizing the peril of the Union army, ordered a general retreat. This retreat was covered by the Sixth Corps, under Ricketts, which had maintained its organization. The army retreated five miles to the village of Middletown. Here Wright rallied his columns and fell back some distance further. It was now 10 a. m., and the Union army had lost since dawn 1,200 men who were taken prisoners, many killed and wounded, 24 can- non, and much other property. The Confederates hav- ing ceased their pursuit for the time, Wright re-formed his forces and took up a position where he could advance or retreat as circumstances might require. It was at this critical juncture that Sheridan came rushing to the rescue. Returning from Washington, he passed the night at Winchester. In the early morn he had heard the sound of artillery, but concluded that nothing more than a reconnoissance was in progress. Mounted on a black horse, he leisurely moved out of Winchester. Before long, however, he met the first of the fugitives and learned of the disaster. Instantly IV A R OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 199 roused to vigorous action, he urged his horse forward at full speed and started on a ride that has now become historic. Shouting orders as he passed along, he waved his hat and cried to the retreating hosts : "Face the other way, boys ! face the other way ! We are going back to our camp ! We are going to lick them out of their boots !" His appearance and words aroused tremendous en- thusiasm. Companies began to get in line, regiments to form and soon the headlong retreat was checked and the army was on its way back to meet the Confederates. Among the organizations that cheered Sheridan as he passed, and turned and followed his lead was the Ninth Battalion, C.V., Lieut. Col. John G. Healy 1 commanding, which participated in the victory that ensued. The re- formed Union army fell upon the Confederates with so much vigor that the latter were soon in full retreat. That night Sheridan's forces were in their old location at Cedar Creek. When Early had unexpectedly attacked the Union army at dawn, the Ninth Battalion, C. V., promptly re- ported at the breastworks. Notwithstanding the great confusion prevailing, the Battalion presented a brave front and was kept well in hand by its commander and other officers. The Battalion was soon ordered down the hill. "As we reached the foot," says Col. Healy, "an aide of Gen. Birge ordered us back up the hill, and we re- turned in good order, and delivered another volley at the advancing enemy." So the Ninth fell back, bravely fighting. When Sheridan arrived and the Union rout was checked and turned into an attack upon the Confederates, the Ninth Battalion was in the forefront of the fray. At one time during the charge, Col. Healy seized the colors and waving them aloft, shouted to his command : "Come on, boys, follow me!" He was answered with a tre- mendous cheer and the battalion rushed on. Lieut. Col. 1 Then the senior captain. 200 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Healy in his report says: "I desire to make particular mention of Sergeant W. Perry, and Private John T. Mor- row, who, after the color-sergeant had been wounded, seized the colors and pushed forward. These men were always in the advance, few, if any, color-bearers being able to keep up with them. The colors of my battalion were the first on the recaptured works from where the corps had been driven in the morning. In less than five minutes, no less than a dozen stands of colors were around us." The total loss to the Confederates was 2,000 killed and wounded, and 1,500 prisoners. It was practically the end of Early's operations in the Shenandoah Valley. Capt. Garry T. Scott, of the Ninth, wrote the following letter about this time : CAMP OF THE NINTH BATTALION, CONNECTICUT VET- ERAN VOLUNTEERS, ARMY OF THE VALLEY, CEDAR CREEK, VA., Oct. 24, 1864. DEAR : We have had another big battle and another glorious victory. The battle lasted from before 5 in the morning until dark. The rebels surprised the Eighth corps, and got inside the works, before they knew it. We were driven out of our fortifications and fell back several miles. But in the afternoon we, (the Ninteenth corps), succeeded in turn- ing their right flank ; when we charged them, driving them from our works, and up the valley, in confusion. Gen. Grover, our division commander, was wounded in the arm, and his inspector general was killed. . Our loss was heavy but not so great as that of the Johnnies. The Ninth was commanded by Capt. John G. Healy, who showed himself a brave officer, and the men acquitted themselves nobly. We were complimented by Gen. Birge, our brigade commander. Our colors were the first planted on the I 3 w p o ? IE- ts w ' n 5 s Q z M S 5 WAR OF THE REBELLION. 1861-1863, 201 recaptured works and were the first to advance in the charge. I wish to speak of the bearer of the U. S. colors, John T. Morrow, a private who enlisted while the regi- ment was home last summer. He took them early in the battle, when the color sergeant was wounded, and car- ried them the remainder of the day with credit to himself and to the Ninth. The state colors were carried by Capt. Healy during the first part of the charge, but finding that he could not give orders freely while carrying the flag, he handed it to Sergt. Perry, of Company D, who bore it until it was planted beside the others on the works. The loss of our battalion was small, considering the time we were under fire and the exposed condition of our men during the whole day * * * . G. T. SCOTT. Capt. James W. Graham, of the Ninth, in mentioning, some years ago, his recollections of the war, stated : "To those of us who remained in the service, and carried the flag of the old Ninth till the end of the war, it seems as if some of its best work was done when reduced to a bat- talion of four companies. I know that at the battle of Cedar Creek, which was fought after the regimental or- ganization had ceased to exist, the Ninth greatly distin- guished itself. In the charge that broke the Confeder- ate line in the afternoon, and turned the tide into a Union victory, the colors of the Battalion were in the van of all other flags on that field. I know that the man who car- ried the national flag was a private soldier, and I remem- ber the two officers and one corporal who crossed the open field between the lines with him. These were the four daring spirits who led the Federal army in the vic- torious charge that finally overthrew Early and ended the valley campaign." Private John McKenna of the Battalion, speaking of his own experiences states that "I was twice taken pris- oner at Cedar Creek, but got away from them in time to be in the line when Sheridan rode up." 202 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. "When Gen. Sheridan came upon the field after his famous ride from Winchester," observes a writer, "the troops were ready for the valiant commander. As he approached the Ninth, Capt. Fisk, of Burgess' staff, pointed out that during that trying day the Battalion had not for a moment become demoralized. Sheridan glanced at the Ninth, and the soldiers cheered in a way that must have warmed the general's heart. He rode close to the command, and Private Morrow shouted: "Go in, General ! W r e'll follow you !" "I'll lead you back to your old camp !" was the hoarse response. In the headlong charge which followed, the Ninth held the advance." The headquarters of the Ninth were at Cedar Creek, Va., until Dec. 9, 1864, and were then removed to Camp Russell, Va., about ten miles from Cedar Creek. In this new location the Battalion remained until Dec. 30, when it moved to Stevenson Depot, Va. Its headquarters were next at Camp Sheridan, Va., and were then changed to Camp Kearney. The command embarked on the transport Gen. Scdgwick, Jan. 10, 1865. The latter at first proceeded to Fortress Monroe where Col. Healy went ashore and reported. The next morning the steam- ship Ariel, with three other regiments of the brigade, ar- rived. The whole force was then ordered to Newport News, Va., there to disembark, and send the steamers back to Fortress Monroe. Orders were also given to have fifteen days' rations put aboard. The Ninth and the other commands went into camp that night. At midnight, an order was received by the brigade com- mander to have the troops ready at 7 o'clock, the next morning, for embarkation as the steamers would then be ready. Col. Healy received sealed orders and, upon opening them at sea, found that the Ninth was to go to Savannah, Ga. On the way, could be seen the masts of the blockading fleet off Charleston, S. C. In due time, the steamer with the Ninth aboard dropped anchor off Tybee Island light. 204 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Battalion was among the troops commanded by Gen. Q. A. Gillmore. It was mustered out during the first week in August, 1865, and thereupon returned to New Haven. It reached the latter city on Aug. 8, and was cordially re- ceived. It was escorted to the State House, welcomed by Mayor Scranton and a great concourse and hospitably entertained. Of Regiment and Battalion we may say, in the words of the poet Mary E. Blake : "Home ! With silken folds of the banner torn In gaps, with the sunlight streaming through, The bayonets gleam from the muskets worn, And stain and dust on the army blue ; Back from the battle-fields far away Their medals of bronze on cheek and brow, They came thro' the city streets to-day, Our Legion of Honor we call them now. "Home! Many had reached it long ago, Not the place that our hearts had planned, The fireside rest that their feet should know, Who came to us back from the direful land, But a sweeter rest which never shall cease Than the deepest depth of our love could give, Where God himself is the light of Peace, And the ransomed soldiers of freedom live." We have already given lists of officers and men of the Ninth who are recorded as having "died" during the years 1862, 1863 an d 1864, the greater part of them of dis- ease contracted in the service. Among those who died in 1865, (Battalion), were Corporal Charles Coote, of Haven, Private Michael Harrigan, of New Haven, and Private William Goodall of Derby. The following is a list of members of the Regiment, and Battalion, who were killed, wounded, injured, or captured during the war: WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 205 A LIST OF THE KILLED. Name. Where Killed. Sergt. Frederick Jewett St. John's Parish, La. Corporal John P. Coen 1 Kennerville, La. Corporal John Thrall Cedar Creek, Va. Private Robert Walsh 1 Ship Island, Miss. Private Mark O'Neil 2 New Orleans, La. Private Patrick Lynch Bona Casa, La. Private John Ryan, 2d 3 Place not shown. Private William J. Thompson Fisher's Hill, Va. Private John Sullivan 4 Place not shown. Private William Finke 5 Baton Rouge, La. Private Matthew Hecker 5 Cedar Creek, Va. Private Charles Redinger Fisher's Hill,Va. Private Edward Roe Cedar Creek, Va. Private Charles Montague Cedar Creek, Va. A LIST OF THE WOUNDED. 6 Name. Where wounded. Lieut. Lawrence O'Brien Near Camp Parapet, La. Lieut. Francis McKeon Grand Gulf, Miss. Sergt. Charles W. Alcott Cedar Creek, Va. Sergt. Nicholas Comiskey Cedar Creek, Va. Sergt. Philip Reilly Cedar Creek, Va. Corporal John Klitter Baton Rouge, La. Corporal William McGrane Cedar Creek, Va. Corporal James Dolan Chattahoola Station, La. Corporal James Orr Cedar Creek, Va. Private John Leonard Pass Christian, Miss. Private Herman Rowland Place not shown. Private Thomas Campbell Baton Rouge, La. Private Erin Burlingame Baton Rouge, La. Private John Fitz Gibbon Carrollton, La. 1 Accidentally. 2 Assassinated. 3 Killed after transfer to First Texas Cavalry. 4 Fatally assaulted. 6 Missing in action, probably killed. 8 Some of these died of their wounds. 206 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Private Michael Grogan Parish of St. James, La. Private Bernard Shafty New Orleans, La. Private Patrick Burke Bona Casa, La. Private Ernest Dresher Chattahoola Station, La. Private Francis Judge Chattahoola Station, La. Private George Robinson Chattahoola Station, La. Private James Leary Bay St. Louis, Miss. Private Charles Decker St. John's Parish, La. Private Thomas Kenney , Bay St. Louis, Miss. Private Peter Devlin Bay St. Louis, Miss. Private James Lydon Bay St. Louis, Miss Private David Almond St. John's Parish, La. Private Patrick Cronan, Baton Rouge, La. ; Fisher's Hill., Va., and Cedar Creek, Va. Private George Hoey Strasburg, Va. Private Frank McGarr Strasburg, Va. Private John H. Ward Berryville, Va. Private Patrick Delaney Winchester, Va. Private Joel L. Butler Strasburg, Va. Private Augustus S. Smith Winchester, Va. Private George F. Cooke Cedar Creek, Va. Private Frederick Kline Cedar Creek, Va. Private Terence McDonnell Cedar Creek, Va. Private Matthias Scion Cedar Creek, Va. Private John Fahy Cedar Creek, Va. Private Heenan Greenhart Cedar Creek, Va. Private Julius Sanders Cedar Creek, Va. A LIST OF THE INJURED. ' Name. Where Injured. Musician Patrick Flanigan Fisher's Hill, Va. Private Martin Burke Ship Island, Miss. Private Stephen Hunter Fort Jackson, La. Private Charles Hurlburt, Jr Vicksburg, Miss. Private Malachi Noonan Bolivar Heights, Va. 1 Distinguished from wounded. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 207 A LIST OF THE CAPTURED. Name. Where Captured. Lieut. Thomas Connors Cedar Creek, Va. Sergt. John Carney Pass Manchac, La. Sergt. Thomas Kennedy Cedar Creek, Va. Sergt. Peter Donnelly Chattahoola Station, La. Sergt. Edward Bolger Cedar Creek, Va. Private John L. McKay Pass Manchac, La. Private Charles Reynolds Chattahoola Station, La. Private Joseph Dronant Bay St. Louis, Miss. Private Patrick Gray 1 Bay St. Louis, Miss. Private John I. Cain 1 Bay St. Louis, Miss. Private Garrett Birmingham 2 Cedar Creek, Va. Private Patrick Cullen Cedar Creek, Va. Private Patrick Hickey Cedar Creek, Va. Private John Brown 2 Cedar Creek, Va. Private Otto Lefevre 3 Tickfaro Bridge, La. Private Charles Michalk 3 San Ruciso, Texas. Private John McKenna Cedar Creek, Va. Private John J. Foley Cedar Creek, Va. Private William Casheen 2 Cedar Creek, Va. Private Joseph Anderson Cedar Creek, Va. While the Ninth did not have as many men killed in battle as some of the Connecticut regiments, the aggre- gate number of casualties of all kinds killed, wounded, victims of disease, etc. in the command, (Regiment and Battalion), reacher a heavy total, surpassed or equaled by few organizations in the service. 1 Died at Andersonville, Ga. 2 Died at Salisbury, N. C. 3 After transfer to First Texas Cavalry. CHAPTER XIV. REGIMENTAL REUNIONS BY SURVIVORS OF THE NINTH ENTHUSIASM AROUSED BY THE OLD BATTLE FLAGS OF THE ORGANIZATION MOVEMENT TO RESTORE THE CAPTURED COLORS OF THE THIRD MISSISSIPPI REGI- MENT THE PROJECT IS CARRIED TO FRUITION THE CONNECTICUT DELEGATION WELCOMED TO NEW OR- LEANS RECEPTION BY EX-CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS. THE Ninth has had several regimental reunions since the war, and these occasions have always been of great interest. A reunion was held at North Haven, Ct., in Aug., 1874, and we are indebted to one of the New Haven daily papers of the time for the following account of the event : The Ninth's business meeting was held in a picnic building in the grove. It was called to order by Capt. Garry T. Scott, Hartford. Capt. Curtis, cashier of a bank in Tidioute, state of Pennsylvania, and formerly of Bridgeport, Ct., was made chairman of the meeting and president of the association for the year ensuing. Lieut. Wm. Gleeson, New Haven, was appointed corresponding secretary, and Lieut. O'Keefe, of New Haven, recording secretary. Col. J. G. Healy was nominated for vice- president but declined, and Capt. Lawrence O'Brien, of New Haven, was appointed. Father Daniel Mullen, of Norwich, who was the first chaplain of the regiment, was appointed chaplain. Geo. Cook, of Bridgeport, treasurer, was reappointed as such. The following, on motion of Dr. Gallagher, were appointed the executive committee for the ensuing year, after some discussion in reference to the next re- union : Dr. Rollin McNeil, New Haven ; Sergeant Hill, Bridgeport ; Capt. Scott, Hartford. The committee was WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 2O9 authorized to confer with a corresponding committee from the Twelfth, with reference to< holding a joint re- union. Lieut. Gleeson read the minutes of last year's meeting in the absence of Lieut. Curtis, brother of the chairman. The subject of ascertaining the whereabouts of each and every survivor of the regiment was discussed and referred temporarily. Geo. Cook, of Bridgeport, treasurer, read the financial report, showing a small sum in the treasury. On motion of Capt. O'Brien, it was voted to request the chaplain to ascertain the names of the dead of the regiment. It was agreed that the work would be quite a task for the reverend gentleman, but it was also agreed that each veteran lighten the labor by furnishing such in- formation as was in his knowledge upon the subject. Letters were read by the secretary last year from Mr. Anderson, of Hamburg; George W. Avery, Hartford, former assistant surgeon of the regiment; Richard Fitz Gibbon, of Bridgeport, who was lieutenant colonel of the regiment ; Nathan B. Hale, of Portland, Me. ; Adjutant Henry Kattenstroth, of Brooklyn, N. Y. (detained by illness of his wife) ; and Captain Wright, of New Orleans. Capt. Wright wrote a long and interest- ing letter in which he said he had just returned from a trip to Madisonville, La., where the regiment was encamped eleven years before, and gave a description of the present appearance of the "old camp ground," and made humor- ous allusions to Captains Garvey, Williams, Scott, and others, which were hailed with merriment. The "skeletons of the orphan geese" at Camp Parapet were mentioned, and Capt. Coates was challenged to answer a conundrum in conection with that topic. Capt. Wright is now colonel and assistant inspector general of the Louisiana State Militia. The letter received from Gen. B. F. Butler last year was read, the same having been re- ceived too late to be read at the reunion last year. The history was then read by the historian, Dr. McNeil, of this 14 210 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. city, and was in his usual interesting, graphic and humor- ous style. We append the spicy letter of Captain Wright herewith : NEW ORLEANS, La., Aug. i8th, 1874. Lieut. W. GLEESON, Corresponding Secretary of the Qth Reg. C. V. Association: Dear Comrade : Your very kind favor of August I2th is just at hand, for which I am truly thankful. I only wish I could be with you on the 25th inst. I know I would spend a happy time. I never can forget the gth Connecticut ; no lighter hearted set of boys ever left home to battle for a great cause than those dear comrades, who are assembled after the circling of another year of peace. As you sit around talking of the past, permit me to try to interest you. I took a run over to Madisonville yes- terday and again surveyed the ground whereon you were encamped in 1863. To my utter surprise, I found everything in the same condition as when you were last there, not even a stone displaced. The village has not changed one particle. There is just the same number of houses with the same number of shingles thereon. There are the two old rusty boilers that were in the saw mill when burned down ; there is not even a brick removed. It would seem that the ingenuity and hand of man was not destined to lift this section of our country out of its long, deep sleep. There are the identical old logs half burned, still lying around as of yore. There is the modest little French chapel, with its clean white-draped altar precisely as it was eleven years ago, when the boys of the Ninth presented its worthy curate with a memento worthy of the regiment. Closing my eyes, I took a seat on one of those old logs, and commenced to dream. There I see Captain Garvey mounted on a fine charger, showing the boys how to toss a fence. Again I see Capt. Williams. The captain has his trousers tucked into his military boots, and is followed by a crowd amongst whom I recognize Jerry and Johnnie Beatty, McDonough, of the Second Louisiana Cavalry, and a host of others. There is fun ahead and Capt. Williams is the boy to find it. I believe they mean to wake our quondam friend Garry Scott, and so they do. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 2 ii Do any of you remember the wake ? Well, it was all that a wake ought to be. * * * I have just returned from Camp Parapet, where I saw the skeletons of those orphaned geese that Capt. Tom Coates had arrested for disloyalty. After their capture, Tom swore that they refused to take the oath of allegiance, and so he placed them in durance. I expect the spirits of those geese are haunting Coates to this day. How is that, Tom ? You remember that after dinner you swore they were the identical geese that nibbled the grass from off Adam's grave. Frye, Kennedy, Lawler and Wright are well, and desire to be kindly remembered to the boys. What has that committee done about the "monument for Chalmette?" Come, comrades, don't sleep over that project; it is one well worthy your best efforts. Your comrades who are at rest on the banks of the Mississippi are worthy of a remembrance. You will please convey our kindest regards to the members of the 1 2th, who I see will be assembled with you on the 25th inst. Wishing you all health and happiness, I am, with profound respect, your comrade, WM WRIGHT> Late Captain of the gth Regiment, C. V., and now Colonel and Assistant Inspector-General of the S. N. Guard. In Sept., 1879, tne battle flags of the Connecticut regi- ments were transferred from the Arsenal in Hartford to the new State Capitol, that city. The occasion was named "Battle Flag Day." An observer, writing of .the event, remarks: "There was a great military display. The survivors of the war regiments were the lions of the day. They marched in the line, and carried their old flags. The immense throng that had assembled at the State House applauded as the old regiments marched by. But when the remnant of the Old Ninth appeared the air was rent with cheers. The regiment halted ; its color- bearers mounted the broad steps of the State House, and turning waved the Ninth's ragged, stained old battle flags, and up from ten thousand throats went a mighty cheer, a cheer that must have sent the blood bounding 2 1 2 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. IN FA NTR Y. through the veins of the veterans. Among the guests upon the State House steps who witnessed this thrilling scene was a Mr. Minor. A few years before the war he had been governor of Connecticut. An important act of his administration was to disarm and disband the Irish companies of the state. He must have entertained strange thoughts as he beheld the enthusiasm evoked by this gallant Irish regiment twenty odd years thereafter." In Feb., 1885, an interesting event, under the auspices of the survivors of the Ninth, took place. This was the return of a captured Confederate battle flag to the surviv- ors of the Third Mississippi regiment. This was the flag that had been captured from the lat- ter, by the Ninth, at Pass Christian, April 4, 1862. The war had been over for twenty years and the animosities engendered by the struggle had, in a great measure, passed away. It was decided, therefore, by the Ninth's survivors, to return the colors as an evidence of good will and a reunited country. All these years, the flag had been in the custody of the State of Connecticut, but having been carelessly put away in a box had been greatly damaged. The silk much of it had fallen to pieces, only a remnant of the flag being left. It seemed at first, almost a hopeless task to attempt to restore it to any sort of shape. But it was decided to undertake the task. Early in February, the legislature of Connecticut had unanimously passed a resolution permitting the return of the flag to the Third Mississippi. It was originally made for the latter regiment by the ladies of Pass Christian. They had requested, as a favor, that the flag be returned to them, after these long years, and the request was granted. The survivors of the Ninth asked the state authorities of Connecticut to repair the flag, as far as pos- sible, so that it would be in condition to return. But this was declined. The following correspondence, at the time, sheds some light on the subject: WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863, 213 CHAIRMAN OF COMMITTEE ON CITIES AND BOR- OUGHS, HON. FRANK D. JACKSON OF DERBY. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, STATE OF CON- NECTICUT, HARTFORD, Feb. 6, 1885. Col. John G. Healy: Sir At a meeting of ex-soldiers of the assembly it was voted, ''That if the members of the Ninth Regiment asso- ciation do not desire to contribute money to repair the flag of the Third Mississippi regiment the ex-soldiers of this body will do it." Our object in taking this course was, that it was estab- lishing a precedent that would take from the state treas- ury quite a sum of money, if we voted what you asked for. If you will write me at once about what you think it will cost we will call the ex-soldiers together and make arrangements to furnish the money. Yours with respect, F. D. JACKSON. Col. Healy sent the following reply : NEW HAVEN, Conn., Feb. 9, 1885. Hon. F. D. Jackson: Dear Sir In answer to your favor of the 6th inst, we desire to say that while we appreciate the spirit in which our comrades in the general assembly tender us pecuni- ary aid for the repairs of the flag of the Third Missis- sippi regiment, we must beg leave to decline it in the same spirit in which it is tendered. The Ninth Connecticut is not a pauper regiment, and is not in need of charity. Being simply ex-soldiers and not legislators, we can hardly be expected to appreciate the dangers that lurk in the establishment of the precedent that your honorable body so much dreads. We remember that the state of Connecticut received the flag from our hands in perfect condition. We know that through the neglect of its custodians it was reduced to 2i 4 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. rags. In our ignorance, we believed that it was the duty of the state to repair and restore it. As soldiers, we believed that such action would be honest, graceful and fitting. * * * On behalf of the veterans of the Ninth, I am with respect, Your Obedient Servant, JOHN G. HEALY. The veterans of the Ninth, accordingly, restored the flag at their own personal expense. Silk was procured, tassels and a staff provided, and appropriate lettering done. The accompanying illustration shows how the flag looked when repaired. The following correspond- ence then ensued : NEW HAVEN, CONN., Feb. 14, 1885. Hon. Henry B. Harrison, Governor State of Connecticut: Governor: I have the honor, on behalf of the Ninth Regimental association, to inform your excellency that the flag of the Third Mississippi has been repaired. They will not soon forget your kindly offer, which they have the honor most respectfully to decline. They will remember you as the friend of the boys in Blue, and as one who believes that the boys who wore the Gray and live in Dixie are ready and willing to protect the Stars and Stripes. Again thanking you, I am, Governor, Your most obedient servant, JOHN G. HEALY. STATE OF CONNECTICUT, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, NEW HAVEN, Feb. 14, 1885. Colonel: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of this date informing me that the flag of the Third Mississippi regiment has been repaired, and WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 215 expressing toward myself sentiments which are highly appreciated. I share in your belief that the brave men from whom the flag was captured would be ready to unite with you in defending the Stars and Stripes against every foreign foe, and I trust they will accept the restoration of their flag as a proof of kindly and generous feeling towards them, not only upon the part of yourself and your gallant comrades of the Ninth, but also* upon the part of all the soldiers of Connecticut who, in days now happily receding into the past, were arrayed in arms against them. Very respectfully, HENRY B. HARRISON. COL. JOHN G. HEALY, President of the Ninth Regiment Association. The occasion selected for the restoration of the flag, to the representatives of the Third Mississippi, was "Con- necticut day," at the World's Industrial and Cotton Cen- tennial Exposition, New Orleans, La., Feb. 26, 1885. The delegation having charge of the flag on its progress from New Haven to New Orleans comprised Col. John G. Healy, Capt. Lawrence O'Brien and Corporal M. P. Coen, formerly officers of the Ninth ; also Mr. James Reynolds, town agent of New Haven, and Mr. Geo. A. Stevens, sheriff of New Haven county. Each member of the delegation wore a light blue badge inscribed as follows : THIRD MISSISSIPPI. (Seal of Mississippi.) NINTH CONNECTICUT. (Seal of Connecticut.) NEW ORLEANS, February 26, 1885. 216 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Each veteran of the Southern regiment was presented one of these badges as a souvenir of the occasion of their first meeting after the war. At New Orleans the delegation was met by Captain William Wright, Lieutenant Joseph H. Lawler and Lieu- tenant Michael Kennedy, veterans of the Ninth. The following letter had previously been received by Col. Healy: WILLARD'S HOTEL. WASHINGTON, D. C, February n, 1885. Colonel John G. Healy: DEAR SIR Your letter of January 29 was forwarded to me from New Orleans. I am here as one of the com- mittee appointed by the State and Territorial Commis- sioners to wait upon Congress, but expect to be in New Orleans before the date of your arrival. In the mean- time, let me heartily thank you in behalf of my people and particularly the old soldiers whose fortunes I shared from first to last, for the noble sentiments that have prompted your words and actions in connection with the fla S- Yours truly, S. A. JONAS, Commissioner from Mississippi. In connection with the visit of the delegation from Connecticut, the following advertisements, addressed to the ''Veterans (Confederate) of the Army of Northern Virginia" appeared in the New Orleans papers : Yeterans A. N. Ya., La. Div., B. A., Headquar- ters, No. 12 Exchange Alley, New Orleans, Feb. 24, 1885. The officers and members of this association will attend a special meeting at these headquarters on WEDNESDAY, Feb. 25, at 8 o'clock, P. M., for the purpose of extending courtesies to the delegation from the Qth Connecticut Volunteers (veterans), now visiting our city. By order of the President : FRED A. OBER, Rec. Sec'y. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 217 Army of Northern Tirginia (Yeterans) Benevo- lent Association, Louisiana Division, headquarters 12 Exchange Alley, up stairs New Orleans, Feb. 13, 1885 P. O. Box 1695. The headquarters Army of Northern Virginia will be open daily, from I P. M. to 9 P. M., during the Carnival period for comrades and friends visiting the city. By the Executive Committee : FRED A. OBER, Recording Secretary. The New Orleans Times-Democrat, Feb. 26, 1885, states that The Army of Northern Virginia tendered a reception to the committee of the Ninth Connecticut Regiment, who are here for the purpose of returning a flag to the Third Mississippi Regiment. These colors were cap- tured in the early part of the late war by them from the Third Regiment in a charge on their camp near Pass Christian, Miss. They were escorted last evening from their headquar- ters, No. 76 St. Charles street, to the hall of the A. N. V., where a large number of old veterans awaited their arrival. After a most cordial reception a large punch- bowl was emptied, and nearly all present indulged in some happy allusion to the fraternal feeling which now existed between the soldiers of the North and South. Col. Healy, chairman of the Ninth Regiment committee, spoke most feelingly on the subject, and recited the his- tory of his regiment in the Southwest. Capt. O'Brien also spoke of his service in the South. He was the pro- vost marshal in St. James parish for a long time, and made many warm friends, who have retained their friend- ship for him all these years. Corporal Coen, responding to a call, said that he intended to go back to his people and tell them how the committee was received by the old soldiers who fought against them. He said, although he had lost his father and a brother in the late war, he had no feelings against the Southern boys. The war was over, and with it should be swept out all bitterness, and we should be friends again. 2i8 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Col. Fenton, from Connecticut, being present, also delivered a most feeling address, in which he alluded to the many acts of kindness received from the people of this state. L. H. Yeargan, from North Carolina, was called upon, and in response he claimed that to speak of battles and sieges before the Army of Northern Virginia was to gild refined gold, paint the lily, or add perfume to the rose ; therefore he would conform to the spirit of the occasion, and that was that every Union soldier held an equal admiration with himself for the Leonidas of this era, Stonewall Jackson. The meeting of these old soldiers last night awakened the memories of many incidents of the war which had almost faded from the mind. Reunions of this kind do much to foster the good feeling which is growing stronger and stronger every day between the two sec- tions. To-day the presentation of the flag will take place in the Music Hall of the Exposition, between the hours of i and 2 p. m. * * * All members of the Veteran Association are invited to attend, their badges being their passes through the gates of the Exposition. After the ceremony the committee will partake of the hospitalities of a number of old sol- diers, who have provided a dinner for them at the head- quarters of the Army of Northern Virginia. They leave for home on Friday. The New Orleans Sunday States, in its issue of Feb. 22, 1885, stated that: Col. John G. Healy, Capt. Lawrence O'Brien and Cor- poral M. P. Coen, * * * * , representing the Ninth Connecticut Regiment, arrived here over the Illinois Cen- tral yesterday and have taken quarters at No. 76 St. Charles street, where they will be glad to meet and receive their friends. As representatives of the Ninth Connecticut, these gentlemen will on Thursday the 26th inst., at the Exposition grounds, return to the survivors of the Third Mississippi Confederate Regiment, the tat- tered remnants of the glorious old flag which led them to battle in the late war. It will be a most pleasant event and one fraught with many interesting and important historical reminiscences. This flag was captured at Pass Christian in April, 1862, by the Federal regiment whose representatives now so generously donate it back to those who know and appreciate it best. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 219 Col. Healy and his party left New Haven on Monday last accompanied by Mr. James Reynolds, a prominent official of that city, who will return with them from this city. They will remain here until Friday, and leaving, go by way of Washington, D. C., where they will attend the inaugural ceremonies of President-elect Cleveland. Last evening they were the recipients of many distin- guished callers, among whom were Gen. Wm. Wright and Major Jos. H. Lawler, members of the old Connecti- cut regiment. The majority of our old citizens still remember the old Connecticut regiment. It was stationed in and about New Orleans for fifteen months during the war, doing provost duty. Headquarters were on Lafayette square. At that time Col. Thomas W. Cahill was the commander, and for several months was military commandant of this city. John G. Healy, late commander, was a captain and stationed at Lake End for fully eight months, being in charge of that post. Capt. Lawrence O'Brien was provost marshal of St. James parish for more than a year, and Corp. Coen was stationed at the Lake, with Col. Healy. These gentlemen, as they appear now, are all in excel- lent health, the best of spirits, and enjoy the reputation of being prosperous business men in the community in which they live. Referring to the old flag, etc., Col. Healy said: "Gov. Henry B. Harrison., of our State, was very much in sym- pathy with the movement on our part to return the old flag, and seemed desirous to do everything in his power to accomplish the scheme as proposed by the survivors of the Ninth Connecticut Regiment/' CHAPTER XV. THE EXERCISES IN NEW ORLEANS ON THE RETURN OF THE CAPTURED FLAG A DISTINGUISHED ASSEMBLAGE PARTICIPATES THE PROGRAMME ONE OF UNUSUAL INTEREST VETERANS OF BOTH ARMIES FRATERNIZE AND EXCHANGE PATRIOTIC SENTIMENTS CAPT. DANIEL CURRAN OF THE THIRD MISSISSIPPI RECEIVES THE COLORS ELOQUENT ADDRESSES ARE DELIVERED ON THE OCCASION. THE day of the presentation finally arrived, and the exercises were thus described by the New Haven Morning News, Feb. 27 : "The event of yesterday at the New Orleans exposition was the celebration of Connecti- cut day and the formal restoration to the original owners of the tattered battle flag captured by the Ninth Connecti- cut regiment at Pass Christian, Miss., in 1862. The colors up to the present time have been at the Capitol at Hartford, but both branches of the legislature sanctioned their return to the Ex-Confederates. ''Connecticut visitors are many at the great southern exhibition, and they were out in force. Long before the hour for the presentation, the streets were lined with peo- ple hurrying to see the sight. The guard of honor, which had accompanied the flag from New Haven, had been considerably increased in numbers since it left Chicago, and on its arrival in New Orleans had been treated with distinguished courtesy by the managers of the exhibition and the survivors of the regiment from which the flag had been captured 23 years before. Public interest in the presentation had been increased by the action of the press, which had devoted much space to the story of the flag's adventures. ''The ceremonies were held in Music hall, an enormous building, which was elaborately decorated for the occa- sion. On the raised and handsomely ornamented plat- WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 221 form were all the United States and state commissioners to the exhibition, lady commissioners, a large number of representatives of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Army of Northern Virginia and the Army of Tennessee, the Ninth Connecticut veterans and a host of Federals and ex-Confederates of prominence. The best of feeling prevailed and it was evident that the return of the flag was deeply appreciated by the men who had worn the gray. As the old soldiers took their seats on the plat- form the vast audience which filled the hall cheered re- peatedly, and when the speech of presentation was made the applause was deafening. "The ceremonies were opened by Acting Commis- sioner of Connecticut T. R. Pickering, who introduced Col. John G. Healy, of the Ninth regiment, Connecticut Volunteers. Colonel Healy in an eloquent address trans- ferred the flag to Capt. Curran, of the Third Mississippi. He dwelt briefly on the events which led to the capture of the flag and of the circumstances which brought about its return. Acting as the spokesman of his regi- ment he returned the banner to its former owners with the best wishes of his comrades. He trusted, he said, that this would be but one of many similar restorations on both sides and would be at once a token of the good feeling which now exists and a means of bringing the two sections of the country into still closer relations. The chaplain of the Third Mississippi, the Rev. Thomas R. Markham, delivered an address of acceptance. He was followed in a speech by the Hon. J. R. G. Pitkin, of Louisiana." The New Orleans Times-Democrat, Feb. 27, had the following report of the affair : CONNECTICUT DAY. THE OLD FLAG OF THE THIRD MISSISSIPPI RETURNED BY ITS CAPTORS. A beautiful day, with the largest attendance of the week. All through the day the grounds were bathed in 222 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. bright, warm sunshine, and the sweet Southern air was fanned by a gentle breese, wafted up from the broad, deep waters of the majestic Mississippi. A day of surpassing beauty it seemed to the thousands of Northern visitors on the grounds, who gazed in wondering admiration, not less upon the glory of the heavens above them than upon the splendors of the grounds around them ; splendors that increase day by day as the exquisite floral mantle of the great park approaches maturity. Such a day rendered complete the beauty and bril- liancy of the scene that was being enacted in the Main Building. It was Connecticut day, and the hundreds of visitors here from that most famous of all the famous old New England States determined that the day set apart for the celebration of the Nutmeg State should not lack in interest. And it did not, for it witnessed one of the most interesting and pleasing events that have yet oc- curred at the Exposition. It was a day that forged one more of those innumerable links that bind the North and South indissolubly together, a day to linger long in the memory of many thousands of people, a day to be re- membered by historians in the future. This event was the formal restoration to its original owners of a tattered battle flag captured by the Ninth Connecticut Regiment from the Third Mississippi Regi- ment at Pass Christian in 1862. The captured colors have rested until now in the State Capitol at Hartford, Conn., but both branches of the Legislature of that State having cordially sanctioned their return to the old owners of the flag, they were brought here and gave rise to the brilliant ceremonies of yesterday, in token of the mutual willingness of the people of both States, and of all the States, to utterly obliterate the memory of past disputes. The exercises commenced in the Music Hall at 2 o'clock, but long ere the hour arrived the vast hall was rilled to overflowing by an immense audience. When the Mexican Band arrived and took up its station on the WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 223 platform, a loud burst of applause went up from the great gathering, which knew the oft proved excellence of the musicians about to entertain them. On the platform were nearly all the United States and States commissioners in town, a large number of lady commissioners, several ladies of the city, and also many representatives of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Army of Tennessee and the Grand Army of the Republic. On the front of the platform stood a table draped with the Stars and Stripes. In front were suspended the two guidons of Mississippi and Connecticut, and on the table were a bronze equestrian statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee, a statue of a national standard bearer, and a bronze medallion of Gen. Washington. All these bronzes were made by the Ames Manufacturing Company of Chicopee, Mass., and belong to the Bay State exhibit, having been loaned to Connecticut for this occasion. Several appropriate selections were rendered by the Mexican Band, and the exercises were then opened by Acting Commissioner T. R. Pickering, of Connecticut, who presided. He remarked : "The object of this meet- ing has been so well portrayed, by the press and other- wise, that I will not detain you by any remarks, but at once introduce to you Col. John G. Healy, of the Ninth Connecticut Volunteers." Amid the applause of the audience Col. Healy stepped to the front. He said : Boys of the Ninth Connecticut, of the Third Missis- sippi, and my friends : Twenty-three years ago the Ninth Connecticut Regiment, and a section of the Sixth Massachusetts battery visited Pass Christian, Miss. Twenty-three years ago you were the boys in gray, and we were the boys in blue. The war is over. The fires of the bivouac have been extinguished. May they never again be lighted, unless a foreign foe should interfere with this united country. [Applause.] There seem to 224 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. be but few of your boys left. There are fewer of mine. In a few years we will have passed away. There are none to take our places. Our ranks cannot be filled. In a few years we will have joined the army above, and before we go, before we answer the last roll-call, let us shake hands, and remember that though we have fought on different sides in the same field, we are all citizens of a common and a united country. The speaker here advanced a step and took the ex- tended hand of Col. Dyer, of the Third Mississippi. They shook hands cordially amid hearty cheers, and Col. Healy concluded his remarks as follows: If in the restoration of this flag your thoughts go back to the days when you received it from the fair hands that made it, and the remembrance of those days makes you happy, then you certainly give happiness to the boys of Connecticut, who carried the harp and the shamrock. Then, while the immense audience sent up a continu- ous cheer, and the Mexican Band rendered the stirring strains of the national air, the old flag, that had been twenty-three years in captivity, passed from the hands of Col. Healy into those of Capt. Curran, of the Third Mis- sissippi. * * * Capt. Curran received the flag with the following remarks : In behalf of the surviving members of our command, as captain of the Dahlgren Guards, of Pass Christian., Miss., it is with sincere pleasure that I receive the flag captured by you from them at Pass Christian on April 4, 1862. We were then Company H, of the Third Missis- sippi, performing guard service along the unprotected Gulf coast of our State. Afterwards we became attached to Featherstone's Brigade, in Loring's Division of the Army of Tennessee, and as such served through the war, laying down our arms under Gen. Joe Johnston in North Carolina. This day, sir, recalls another day and another presenta- tion. It was a proud day for us, when full of patriotic ardor, we first received this flag, the work and gift of the fair hands of the ladies of the Pass, our kindred, CAPT. JAS. HENNESSY. RETURN OF THE CAPTURED FLAG OF THE THIRD MISSISSIPPI, AT NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1885. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 225 friends and neighbors. It spoke to us then and it speaks to us now of the spirit of our people and the courage of our soldiers. In returning it, you show a spirit which does you honor, and to which we heartily respond. Brave men respect the brave and, the war over, are ready to pursue the paths of peace. In this return you show that you recognize our deeds in the past, and we accept it as a symbol of peace and good-will in the future. We fought you, as you know, long and well. You gained the day. We accept the issue and welcome you as citizens of a common country. And now, sir, I turn to the chaplain of our brigade, who knows how to speak, and who shared with us the fatigues of the march and the dangers of the field, and will ask him to give fit expression to the feelings that to-day move our hearts. The flag was then by Capt. Curran placed in the hands of Mrs. M. D. Leonard, of Port Gibson, Miss., and Miss Maggie Kidd, of Aberdeen, Miss., who will act as its cus- todians in the Mississippi department of the Government Building. An eloquent speech was then delivered by the Rev. Thomas R. Markham, chaplain of the Third Missis- sippi. He mentioned the pleasure it gave him to express the sentiments of the Third Mississippi, upon receiving their old flag back from the hands of its captors. It was espe- cially pleasing to him, because he was a Mississippian born and bred, and he spoke for his State and for his comrades. He appreciated to the full the spirit of mag- nanimity shown by the people and the legislature of Connecticut, and the knightly courtesy that had induced these gentlemen from Connecticut who were gathered on the platform to undertake in this wintry season, a long journey for the sake of returning to the Third Mississippi a token that would henceforth be as well an emblem of the peace that is, as of the war that was. [Applause.] The present was the most suitable time that could have been selected for such an event as had just occurred, "for," said the speaker, "last Sabbath was to the people of this country a day of days. It was the day that commem- orated the birth of our first man. The national authorities of this land acted as became the representatives of a Sab- 15 226 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. bath-keeping people, recognizing the sanctity of a day devoted to one infinitely greater than George Washing- ton. One day in advance, the Saturday preceding, com- memorated both the birth of Washington and the com- pletion of that monument rising upright in its sky- piercing height, higher than any ever before erected by man. They met together to recall him and his days, and was it not symbolic, sirs, that on that day there were in the ranks of that monumental procession first, your Gen. Ayers, and second our Gen. Fitz Hugh Lee, and that side by side were Edmunds, of New Hampshire, and Carlisle, of Kentucky : Winthrop, of Massachusetts, and Daniel, of Virginia? The object of one and all was to contribute their respect to the memory of that man who had been pronounced first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen the greatest of good men, the first of best men." The speaker recalled reminiscences of the war, showing the bravery that had been evidenced on both sides, and ended by quoting the words of the immortal Webster, that the union of these States shall exist forever, and that liberty and union shall be one and inseparable now and for evermore. Major Geo. Gowan, representing the ladies' department of the state of Mississippi, next spoke as follows : No words of mine can express the emotions which swell my heart and the hearts of all Confederate soldiers on this occasion, nor language give utterance to the min- gled joy and sadness which possess me as my eyes turn once again on these familiar colors. This flag was mere bunting once common merchan- dise on the merchant's shelf. Patriotic hands and patri- otic hearts made it an emblem of Southern pride and Southern chivalry. It became the flag under which the Third Mississippi Regiment went out to> battle : ' The hopes, the fears, the prayers, the tears, The hopes triumphant o'er the fears" of loved ones followed it. The sons of Mississippi rallied round it, to follow where it should go, to do and die in its defense. Thus going forth, its mission was to stir the hearts and nerve the hands of Southern soldiers, and WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 227 to find its place amid the scenes of carnage to which its presence would be an incitement. Grand flag it was then the flag of the brave. How few survive who knew it in the pomp and circumstance of its early days. A change came. In the fierce struggle its defenders went down. The fortune of war transferred it to enemies' hands. It was borne away from Southern soil, away from those who loved it, away from its baptism of fire and blood, to be a trophy of victory in the hands of foe- men. Far from the land of the magnolia and the orange it found its new home. For twenty long years it has remained in its banishment. There it has borne witness to the valor of its captor. There it has told of a South land humiliated, down trodden and left desolate. But another change comes. Once more that old flag is under a Southern sun, and once more Southern hearts beat around it. Once it was an emblem of the high hopes and the grand enthusiasm with which the young men of Mississippi rushed to battle for their much beloved state. Once again, it was an emblem in the hands of victorious sons of Connecticut, to tell how nobly they have per- formed the task which Connecticut assigned to them. Now once again it is an emblem. Sons of Connecti- cut and sons of Mississippi are once more around it. It went down in its beauty and its pride amid scenes of fra- tricidal strife. With its stains and its battle scars it went among strangers, and has been treasured as a trophy won by brave men in fight. With its stains and battle scars it is here to-day. It does not look upon fields of blood. It does not lead and inspire to deeds of daring and death. It is an emblem now of peace restored, reconstruction complete, brotherhood re-established. It is an emblem now of mutual interest and mutual affection between the states of Connecticut and Mississippi. It is an emblem of a Union cemented afresh by Northern and Southern blood, a Union to endure forever. We welcome the old flag for what it has been, and for what it is. We welcome our Connecticut brothers, who bring it as a token of kind feeling and reconciliation. Dear old flag! dear in the memories that cluster around it ; dear in the association of which it reminds us ; dearest of all in its present mission of love. Now it tells us that the struggle was not in vain ; now it tells us that the rich blood of North and South that mingled upon our battle- 228 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTR Y. fields was not wasted, but has been the seed of a new nation which shall know no North, no South, because their blood has been so blended. We thank you, men of Connecticut, from our hearts we thank you for this con- summation. We thank you that we see this old flag once more. Come, let us join hands around it, and take up the old anthem : "Liberty and union, now and forever, one and insepa- rable." HON. P. C LOUNSBURY. Hon. Phineas C. Lounsbury, of Connecticut, then de- livered the following address : It is an unexpected privilege that has come to me at the eleventh hour, to speak on this occasion in behalf and for Connecticut, my native state. It affords me the great- est pleasure to be able to speak words of friendship, love and truth breathing the same spirit of cordial fraternity that greets us from the North, as we join hands far across that forever closed-up chasm with our brethren at the South a chasm that once threatened to divide this great American Republic, which is now the pride alike of every American heart, whether in the North, the South, the East, or the West. In the formation of this great republic the state that is honored to-day performed well its part. How in- stinctively our thoughts go back, and with laudable pride, to the days of our forefathers, those noble men of God ; men who, obedient to conscience, severed the dearest ties of country and of kindred, braved the perils of the ocean, and the worse perils of an inhospitable shore and an in- clement clime to enjoy the rights of civil and religious liberty, to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences, and when these dearly bought rights were imperiled by the despotism of the mother country, dared to raise the standard of independence and defy the powers of royalty and through long years of deprivation, peril and blood triumphantly vindicated and established that independence ; men who, obedient to personal con- victions, and for the achievement or in defence of civil and religious right, voluntarily exchanged the peaceful implements of industry for the cruel weapons of war. To-day, as ever, we honor these manliest of men ; we honor them for that spirit of liberty and their love of right W 'A R OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 229 which so possessed their souls that it strengthened them to endure hardships and privations for years, in order that they and we, their posterity, might enjoy individual rights and constitutional liberties, and unto God do we ever render thanksgiving and praise for His guiding hand, leading them on through many a dark and dreary season in the righteousness of their cause, from a self-declared independence to one owned and acknowledged by the nations of the earth. No longer subjected to the man- dates of the king of the isle across the sea, they became free to form a government that was destined to become grander and more glorious than they ever conceived whose arches should span the continent from ocean to ocean and from the lakes to the Gulf, and beneath the dome of whose vast temple of liberty the oppressed of all nations might find a welcome and a home. * * * While we can never forget the heroes of revolutionary fame, may we not come down a little later and remember the heroes of 1812, who so gallantly and gloriously pre- served and maintained all those institutions of justice and the rights bequeathed them by their fathers? That was a conflict in which the then infant state of Louisana immortalized herself, and in which the beautiful city of New Orleans made herself forever known to fame, by that victory, so signal, so complete at that battle that bears her name that the British lion has never dared to put foot on, or claim, one acre of Uncle Sam's domains. We of Connecticut honor the heroes of New Orleans. We honor the chieftain who won fair laurels that shall ever encircle his noble brow. We honor those brave men who on that battlefield builded a tower of fame reaching to the very heavens, around which has gathered a halo of glory outshining the brightness of the meridian day. We honor the city of New Orleans, which has honored the loyalty and bravery of Gen. Andrew Jackson by a square that bears a monument that glorifies his name. We honor the spirit that caused those prophetic words of his to be inscribed in letters of granite, those words that have long been indelibly written on the tablet of every loyal heart, ''The Union must and shall be preserved." I said those words of Andrew Jackson were prophetic words. They have again and again been verified in the history of the nation. England tested the strength of our Union, and, to her sorrow, proved its power. 230 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. You at the South had a long, strong pull and a pull all together, and it would not break ; and it never will break, for it was welded, not in the sunlight of prosperity, but in the fire of battle. There were honest differences of opinion at the North and in the South, but they never- theless did lead to dissensions that culminated in war; but in that war they were finally and forever settled, and the crowning glory is the happy issue in which you to-day at the South rejoice alike with us at the North in an undivided nation that is rapidly becoming an undivided people, for we to-day join hands and shout and sing, "The Union, now and forever, one and indivisible." There may be, and no doubt there will be, minor dif- ferences of opinion, but are we not less selfish as a people and so respect each other's views ? I can but believe that one of the greatest benefits to be derived from this Cotton Centennial Exposition will be the bringing together of the people from all over this vast country, giving us an opportunity, as never before, of knowing one another, wiping out all sectional lines, knowing no North, no South, no East, no West, simply a solid nation from the Canadas to the Gulf, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific over which shall float the stars and stripes, in fact and in very deed, "over the land of the free and the home of the brave." As a token of the fraternal feeling that now exists our eyes have just witnessed a scene scarcely precedented in the annals of history. One year ago> indeed, a Grand Army Post of Connecticut, named after that gallant soldier, James E. Moore, under whom I had the honor to serve, returned to the Louisiana Guards of this city their colors. Now, to-day, the state of Connecticut returns through the intrepid Col. Healy, of the gallant Ninth, the flag they captured from the equally brave and gallant men of the Third Mississippi. I doubt not that if there was a flag which you could return to a regiment of our state you would be quick to manifest a like kindly feeling with that which we exhibit to-day. Not with a spirit of boasting, but in recognition of a fact which does honor to the sol- diers whose rifles you learned to respect, I may be per- mitted to say that though the Connecticut regiments were often in the thickest of the fight, and though their flags were pierced with shot and shell, they carried them back WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 231 to their native state, where they now encircle the statue of the Governor, who presented them, with not one left behind. And now, soldiers of the two armies, but now citizens of the one common nation,, recognizing the one flag and looking forward to the same destiny, let us address our- selves to the new duties of the hour. The cry of earth's wailing tribes is in our ear, the struggle of oppressed nationalities is before our eye; let us build stronger and broader this temple of freedom, that those who wail and those who struggle may here find a rest and a home, and then this mighty nation shall neither crumble nor fall until the great archangel shall stand one foot upon the sea and one upon the land and declare that time shall be no more. Mr. J. R. G. Pitkin, of New Orleans, next spoke as follows : I am summoned by the Board of Management of this Exposition to discharge a pleasant duty. A word of preface : I feel wholly at home with men of Connecticut, not only because I was a school-boy and law student within her borders, and because I have since stood upon her plat- forms, but especially because I am descended from her tempestuous old governor, Wm. Pitkin, at whose council- board sat Jonathan Trumbull and Roger Sherman among other distinguished patriots. I am proud of my New England seasoning and of the rich vital contribution she has made to American civilization and to the nation. With this obtrusion of self, let me say that no student of American growth can forget that Connecticut drafted in 1639 tne fi rst complete charter in the New World,, in which was lodged all the material fibre of our present National and State constitutions and that she projected her wise and efficient school system the ensuing year. She felt that to secure a stable political structure she must discreetly mould the man or brick with which to erect it. To mature the man to his best competence for self- assertion, and to afford him so complete a representative plan that his government should be his ampler self, were the noble aims of the fathers of Connecticut ; and I need not add that her enlightened career has been continuous testimony to their wisdom. 2 3 2 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. Nor need I recall her relation to the French and Indian wars and her sturdy temper toward Great Britain, against which she proportionately furnished more men and money than any other colony. These and other historic events of that past were simply expressions of her stout determination to compass a staunch and well-ordered commonwealth or to expand it to an American nation. She may have talked through her nose, but she spoke as well through her guns ; she may have shown hard elbows, but it was to open a path for manhood and for a splendid civilization. She had loved the mother country, but when her sons found it needful to draw iron colons and periods from their shot-pouches to interpret the misread charter of justice to man, they did it and made wadding of British prescripts. In that especially dramatic incident in her history, when the royal Governor Andros demanded her charter ; when the candles upon the Assembly table where it lay were suddenly extinguished, and the bold Wadsworth bore it off and secreted it in an oak, it was perhaps a rude thing to leave his Excellency in the dark and for the rest of his term, as to the whereabouts of the precious patent, and he doubtless twitched his ruffles and denounced the ill- mannered colonists, but they were for the very substance of things and had no obeisance nor courtesies to pay in which was a jot of surrender. In rendering unto Caesar the things that were Caesar's they recognized him as standing in their own shoes and not in Andros' red coat. The same peremptory moral breath that blew out the Hartford candles, blew later from the cannon's mouth patents, governors and Great Britain herself out of the colonies and across the Atlantic! [Applause.] There was a great beneficent purpose behind the stern visor of the colonist's frown. Connecticut wanted a genuine free- dom, and this trait in her sons may explain the laxity of her divorce laws to-day. [Laughter.] It is a marvel that amid all her harsh early experiences she exhibited so little of the intolerant disposition that characterized Massachusetts and drove Roger Williams thence to Rhode Island; although I suspect that as good Roger wanted his Baptist followers to lead clean lives amid all the buffets of fortune, he had an orthodox eye upon Rhode Island's delightful bays, in which so many thou- sands of us, in grateful deference to his memory, seek total immersion every summer. [Laughter.] WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1*65. 233 There is certainly no record that Connecticut ever punished a witch except by marriage and I soberly re- member that even during my sojourn there, her be- witching women were often visited with this penalty after having been subjected for a period to the custody of some attentive young man and to the severe conventional ordeal of singing schools and sleigh rides. [Laughter.] In fact, my chaotic admixture of experience and hearsay moves me to venture the somewhat confident statement that the custodian has been known to surrender the reins to the fair object of his charge and hold her with both arms in order to save her from the perilous consequences of her rash driving ; and the slowness of the horse in no wise diminished the intense police power of his solicitude. [Laughter.] Old Samuel Peters, a Tory chaplain, a copy of whose Ancient History of Connecticut I have inherited in the original edition, and Appleton's reprint of five or six years ago is at the command of you all, devised, it is clear, what were called the Blue Laws of Connecticut as a slander upon the State, and a man who ascribes them to her to-day by way of taunt, simply discloses his dis- charity and ignorance. The liberality of her people, even in Peter's time, is indeed a matter of wonder. Nor can we forget that Connecticut has been a nursery of men who have been noble factors in the growth of other States. Their name is legion, so are her Yale men, so are her insurance agents. [Laughter.] At every turn, all over the Union, we are reminded that an educated man is the best gift to a State and a policy the best honesty to a family. [Laughter.] With her colleges, her grand school system, her libraries, her numerous asylums, hos- pitals and factories, with her affluent resources for brains and hands, and with her tons of manhood to the acre, Connecticut can hold her head erect amid her sister- hood of states with pride for her history, service and de- velopment, and for the fruitful distribution of her worthy sons throughout the Union. Her return of these Confederate colors to-day imparts a spirit that merits our grateful notice. A peace enforces a grave duty upon the parties to it ; it demands that each, victor and vanquished, shall maintain the unbroken stacks of its guns and forbear to re-awaken enmities concluded by the articles of peace. In view of the precious future 234 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. before us, and the sober relations and responsibility of each citizen to it, there is no dishonor to which an Ameri- can citizen can debase himself so abject as that of fighting anew the old issues, whether in Connecticut or Louisiana issues that remain in the tranquil hands of the dead and are registered in the ordinances of the nation. [Ap- plause.] In this regard I walk the soil of our republic as I en- ter a cathedral, with a reverent sense of the sacrifices and examples that emphasize the personal demand upon myself. Patriotism should be a religion. I do not study the device of the stole or the face of the ministrant who wears it, nor should I be swerved from my devout civic duty by the partisanship of any Executive. The national altar at all times claims my affection and support, and he who stands by it, mantled with the sanctity of popular will, is a priest in holy functions. We are not patriots by paroxysms, but independently of the quadrennial fortunes of party, if we be true to our civic trusts. To me, as doubtless to you, it is most touching to see these Union veterans bearing back these colors across the trenches and hushed plains of both armies with fraternal greeting. Surely the gray storm-clouds were a presage of this serener blue in our American skies. [Applause.] Heaven has its own plan and time. Like boys, we build our statues of snow and pelt each other with snowballs to assault or defend them, but God, with a grander motive, nourishes the vitality of our soul with it for the vernal sun. We often misconceive the winters of our moral and political experience until the benignant summer of our prosperity follows upon our spent statues, snowballs and red, pathetic stains and footprints. I believe the Ameri- can Union was never so firmly entrenched as now in the fellowship of her people ; never so fully assured as now in the warm, fraternal clasp to which the old, stern battle- clench has thawed open in pledge of great progressive ends. It is not amiss that I should advert to a body that, in 1814, met at the capital of Connecticut Hartford where these captured colors have rested for a score of years. It was composed of delegates from New England (Roger Sherman, Harrison Gray Otis and George Cabot among the number), and was distinguished for such candor of purpose against the Federal government in its prosecu- WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 235 tion of the war with Great Britain that a Federal military officer was upon the ground to watch its proceedings. The rising murmurs of this war were the cradle-song of Louisiana as a State. It is not seemly for me at this late day to attempt an analysis of the motives that signalized that assemblage. I choose rather to remember that the tidings of Jackson's victory below this city, the patriotic service of Louisianians and others under him, and the peace concluded at Ghent, arrested the perilous purpose of the Hartford Convention ; to know that throughout Connecticut and New England as throughout Louisiana there is to-day a common and fervid zeal to maintain this republic, and that never again will the states, whether of New England or of the South, refuse, as then, their militia as a wall between her and hazard. To-day Con- necticut and Louisiana, the former visited at an earlier and the latter at a later stage of its history with a charge of treason, meet beneath this vast roof and challenge the faith of the Union as bulwarks, each of which a drum-tap will man with tens of eager thousands, and which the arts and education of a dearly bought peace will fortify to a surer maintenance of a jealous American brother- hood. " The old order changeth, yielding place to new, And God fulfils Himself in many ways !" In no place so fitting as this, where the American man is ennobled by industrial achievement and is bounteous in suggestion and incentive, could this challenge and pledge be given, and a declaration be made for the Union like Plato's for the world when he said : "All in the world is for the sake of the rest, and the places of the single parts are so ordered as to subserve to the preservation and ex- cellency of the whole." Gentlemen of the Ninth Con- necticut Regiment, which burst through our gates in 1862, report to your comrades upon your return that you have found in this old city no sullen hospitality, and that as every May her ex-Confederates devoutly visit the graves of your dead,, so to your living she is always sum- mer at heart. The soil whence she plucks her memorial blooms and the heaped arms in which she bears them to Chalmette, are always yours, come when you may. She will cherish your dead, and her pledge is the surer because she fosters her own. [Applause.] 236 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. The day has passed when these banners flared like torches in the grasp of hostile armies marching through the dark hours of civil conflict toward or in hope of vic- torious dawns. We all face the same way ! The stern tramp of men has settled to the metre of a calm, strong American heart-beat, and, as Pythagoras, in passing a smithy, caught from a beaten anvil the musical scale by which nations sing their paeans in brass to-day, so the stern pound and buffet of civil war have disclosed to North and South the grand resources of prowess and the broad brows and fervent souls with which we all as fellow- countrymen may jointly command, under Providence, a destiny for History and Song to remember forever. [Ap- plause.] It is needless to say that you can wholly trust these fighting parsons (pointing to Dr. Markham) upon either side and their congregations of Old Ironsides in camp ; it is only the men who, after the great struggle, have dis- covered their tardy gifts of valor and statesmanship ; who insist that one's manhood, aspiration and civic service were grounded with one's gun, and who conceive that taunt is argument and embittered partisanship is patri- otic expression : from such men alone can come menace to our common country! [Applause.] In the name of the Board of Management, men of Con- necticut and of Mississippi, I tender you an unstinted welcome. Over the heads of us all, as brethren from the Canadian to the Gulf line, one standard sways upon its staff as if pent with a mighty and generous passion, and God grant that the blood in its stripes may never, never, never soak into its stars ! The Mexican Band, with the grand organ accompani- ment, then played "Marching Through Georgia," fol- lowed by "Dixie." Both were received with the greatest enthusiasm, which rose to a pitch of intensity when the two great military anthems were blended into one, as it were, and "The Star Spangled Banner" sprung from the union. A special feature in the musical programme of the ex- ercises was the use of the grand organ by Mr. Harvy P. Earle, of New Haven, Conn., whose skillful performance WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865 237 seemed to lend additional beauty to the tones of the grand instrument as they resounded through the hall. The effect of the organ, when played in accompaniment to the Mexican Band, was magnificent, and the applause showered on the musicians testified to the enjoyment it afforded the audience. Capt. Daniel Curran, of the Third Mississippi, who received the returned flag from Col. Healy, was born in New York City, but his parents removed to Pass Chris- tian, Miss., when he was but six years of age. There they settled. When the war broke out young Curran was very zealous and active in aiding to organize the Dahlgren Guards, of Pass Christian, which became attached to the Third Regiment, Mis- sissippi Volunteers, Featherstone's Brigade, Loring's Division. He joined the company as a private, took part in the engagements of the Tennessee campaign, as well as at Vicksburg and Jackson, Miss. He was promoted to the captaincy of his company for valor, and on July 24, 1864, was shot through the body at the battle of Peach Tree Creek, near Atlanta, Ga., from which wound he never fully recovered. He was subsequently employed as bookkeeper, and later accepted a position in the Hibernia Bank, now the Hibernia National, New Orleans, where he gave such satisfaction that he was steadily promoted, and finally ap- pointed to the responsible position of paying teller. Capt. Curran was a member of the Association of the Army of Tennessee, and was much beloved and esteemed by all who knew him. Shortly after the Ninth's committee returned to Con- necticut from New Orleans, the following letter was sent Capt. Curran: NEW HAVEN, March , 1885. Dear Captain During the brief visit to your city of the committee of the 9th Connecticut it was their pleasure 238 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTR Y. to be entertained in a marked degree by several gentle- men, to whom they will ever feel under the deepest obli- gations. So much sincere good feeling was exhibited that they are convinced that their mission was a fruitful one. They wish to show their appreciation of your efforts toward the accomplishment of their desires by asking you to accept a cane, sent to you this day, as a memento of their esteem for you. May you carry it for many a day, and when old age reaches you, and your steps become less active, lean on the cane, and remember the happy occasion that made us friends. Yours fraternally, JAMES REYNOLDS, LAWRENCE O'BRIEN, MICHAEL P. COEN, JOHN G. HEALY. The cane just mentioned was a gold-headed one of artistic design. On one side of the head were engraved the words : "To Capt. Daniel Curran from His Friends, James Reynolds, Lawrence O'Brien, Michael P. Coen and John G. Healy." On the reverse the inscription was : "Connecticut Day, New Orleans, La., Feb. 26, 1885," and on the end, "Qth C. V., 3d Mississippi." The following pathetic news paragraph appeared in a New Orleans paper late in Jan., 1894: "Yesterday, while the laborers were at work digging the revetment levee at West End, they found the skeleton of a man between two pickets, and near the skeleton was found a brass but- ton with the initials 'U. S.,' on it. The skeleton is sup- posed to be that of one of the United States soldiers belonging to the Ninth Connecticut Regiment, which was stationed at West End when General Butler was in command of the city. The skeleton was taken in charge by Mr. A. B. Messmer, the keeper of the city bridge, and will be given a Christian burial." CORPORAL MICHAEL P. COEN, NAUGATUCK. (Chairman of the Publication Committee for this Volume). ROSTER OF THE Ninth Regiment, Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865. C/) ^ 'a o tr o .~ O -e -U g dlsllz 22diS335SSSSfip"&PP!3^>"fS CQ u- O 00 * U- U a o vp S d o" CJ c5 ci O o o" C4 1 3 a o of # CO i > I yj | (N O d o in S J cJ o * in H 2 b I/I 3 6 o vn CO o" 1 -7 ~ CO i r a r^ g 5 U ^ >> ID 6 ^ ^ << M d O . rh* d bb *j tlH tO d CO ^ "o CJ o CO S cS 2? 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S r-r ea > -3 PQ 1 d5 M I 3 i cS ^pq a^a " O ^ - fa " g 2 O ^ X O 3o 01 e<>c *-<" >c< ^ MMMM '^NCOMMNCOI-' d-^ rt- 1 -! ^4-I^-S-M >r^H >\ Ao^olSSSIII, o o >o o V2 Q 02 c/3 CO IIS I|I|S||| ^ ^ : ^ ^ CT -< C; 3 ^TiBSB 1 ^ | g | O -g | ? ' '-5^25^221 o C/2t>O>fli^^t>i_3 I.S-8 I5i -H .2 J3 O T^ J-l "S .^H <^S 4-4 - 09 ^ 3 a ? Q p 5 3 9 S-S-S.5 fa Si o o ,0 o i * A" , - . - M > .a 28 Q H PL< >$ & > - | S - 5 & jj d x rs . c3 S^J f^o^jQ .,_.* J ,$ >d tfl tA fc o o M C4 M o o vp N jj - 1 < ^ ts & g^ , _T (D D S O co CO II CD O vO vO O ^P ^P or sr v 'AW CO CO CO *4-i bo bo oj '^ 'C ffi PQ W 11 - K co a 00 ^ p H SB X CAPTAIN. William Wright, IST LIEUTENANTS. John H. Clinton, Thomas FitzGibbon 52 d n O CJ 1 2D LIEUTENANT. Martin Burke, IST SERGEANTS. % d d fa K 3 H 5 a II James McLaughlin, Oswald Reed. Edward Bulger, SERGEANTS. Allan. 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Powers, Richard Sheridan, David Trainor, Charles Tyghe, Roger Williams, John N M tiS '< oo vo d - 2 M H z a .s . - tfl d 4 *j S 5 i 2 ^ - O H o as N PQ ^T O . ^j 5^o S~.> H ti o *i O o" *- m o 9 w 6 2 7^ o|^0 ^j O J2 S d o ^ i e ^P^ M 1) Q P < ' ^ ^ C 4 - - o" en ^ :|l- a" o o -^ S > S gjf II, PH ft 0) Q) C/2 C^ rt&g<^ti c^S^^S^Oc^ HAM a o ^ ^ ^ rt d l-s-s a t 1 .rH d ^ - O oj J2J Q $-.^ |^ g O (3 Q Q Q 5 Q , Joseph Oscar Dron Dura

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J * -^ ^3^^^^^^^ w n 2 O ^S PI ^; CJ *H - bo n Q t M .2 I - J -M .d O i S tn fe fcp C/2 Its cf a a> CO II ffi W cq O Bridgeport, Bethel, Hartford, Hartford, fCarrollton, Norwich, Bridgeport, Bridgeport, 0) Q 1 Q Westfield, I Easton, in 6 5 's 2 2 $ < bo S V * 8 a z a T3 < r9 S w ^3 dj" O w .!2 S IIS 5 3 ^ ^ w Q S ^ -ill U2 ^ Ctf a o 'd fj JH C O M S S 'a *>? di e < A ^5 n son C. Jenn GEANTS. ames S Begley Dolan, James Gallaghe McFarland, John o * O pf Jo > id ta o* bfl - - D O PW -M .invUrj 002 CV (3 6 ; B "& ^J o> rd -M CO I Ci ^^ o - *& of O M * *s . bi 1-1 > o ^ . ^>1 1 l^" w r- , i ^< -" v^ \^f \.^ gO^ tJ -S 1 . w fi 2 {> . p^ -bo ^> o< 2 ^ i . ^ " (2 g Q 5 " - 8 O . I 78 03 ^ _, <1J , . M ^ . oj r? A ,X 5 0> O O M S > VH ^ +J . W . 4J O CO iP . 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M N c3 O c^ctacV^cn'S N ^ o >^ ,3 ,Q CtS O fl) ppopoooo r- M o co N - - w - QO*- c t- c c ^& a C3 3 13" >; S *H 1 111: tj ^ g A c M CI C} C4 ^" p O O p p of M" o" o -^ S ?^ ggl aS >7 fe .Q Bethel, Waterford a] 2 III 2 s ,, ^ g 1 i 111 o u Q 5 $ ^ g H U o J o *3 o ^! a" T O o H-, JH _C >y "^ " tf fl S .2 5 S c c3 O ^3 t> CTJ D rt .~ .2 t Q Q H Q O rt* cT oj oj O O vO vO O O ^f s- d j 05 in. oj c/r J M o5 a" & c d I X X s~ _0 3 1 43" s >;- I 15 >^ !-, 3 8 s ^ o >-> Haven cj ^O 6 1 6 | 'o 5 IH |H S E OJ ^ ^ , t g IH ;_, CJ 2. 3 "cl K rt fe W Q ^ c3 0_ ^ 0) S- (H aj Q |> H-J 'S g 1! rG W5 P4 C^ Rowland, Herman, ll il lll lll . > * t>* 3 O eg 5 Q^ U UJ rt^ i:: 'Soa5S5a5s'Sa)0 5 Afe I^ i ^5 fe i >^PH Afe ,fc ^ S g -31 S -g S a , ^ ^ a a -g o 5 . i ifiiiifiij OWJ^CQOO^c^^W o -TO l&Jflll 1 S W <" >rg E w H W W | O bb H b 2 d g 6 6 6 d Pn ^\^^ h > > > > *~7^ Q d d d O ^j ^ 5 ^"""^ cx E< o "n\ "o^ -4-> >" 3 S CO ^' o |H a g o 1 1 . g t/1 ,y-s Ul SB C) < - ^ S ^ 9* jr i J ^ IH M Q nrf 21 0) to 2 Q 2 M 9 2 LlEUTENANT-COLC ^ 13 CD W d ^a o * > SURGEON. Rollin McNeil, Z 04 Q H < SERGEANT-MAJOR. John Bolger, Q.M. -SERGEANT. Robert Kerr, COMMISSARY-SERG William Starkey, HOSPITAL STEWAI August Ruhl, PRINCIPAL MUSICI John E. Healy, 1 "S 1 i-T . OJ Q THE REBELLION, O PH O d ^ K & *s EH Q O 40 fa ~ - K* IN g ". O of Q Q ll \r> n bJD p O on O M S S 2- c/i en P P c3 c3 MM M ^ <-4 H o I -M * o o 00 bo bo < < ol I I OH 0) CO PL, , 0) 0) CO CO CO CO vO O O a, a -M bo ^ jjj O < "rt W P P P P > > > > cj c3 rt cj K W K M Q) C^ 0* u pu, ^ > dg a s 51 o o en en o 6 o n -u3 cf 4O o 4- - O CJ o ^ o tt 38 8d > a e j S 2 en in fl fl oj oj O O 0) en en d d M a '*| 'fj .* W 5 -S^^lfS 4 ^^^^^ d d CTJ ,Q d o* ' ' d o o" O . . . ' M M^. 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S < a. d ^ ^ rt* d ^ ^' ^ o -M ^ cg^Sll^lSlSSs *% &% fr 1 ^* p. < >, 2 | ^ a < 1 ^ J3 >-, > w D C^ O S fa ^ fc d J ^ ^ Jj ^ uT d n - S 3 S s fNew Orlea Hartford, w nj ^ c3 t* . >a s 8 . t: ^ 2 ll|ilill!Pi ijiiiffiiiii W ^ Q 52; ^ ^pq $.&: g.| New Haven Norwich, Norwich, Hamden, Hamden, Norwich, Norwich, Guilford, M oj rH c5 0) g_ O . . t3 P^ ^ ^ 5-i , _ . x "^ w J iSilllslli" 1 s s s s s 55 b (2 S i* SJ aT > &s rt p^ *d W 1 Rousel, Francis > 2 ^ < cf oj >, P4 1 I Ojj a S s Sanford, Daniel Scion, Matthias Scott, George F. Senor, James Shafty, Bernard Sheridan, David "8 8 OJ s i $ 1 U) p en bi) d p en bb 3 o of ci cT F NOTE. M * i, v 3 *-> M" g jr 3 ^ o" C4 XD 1". 5 "7 ci p y O o Tt" ^* U 1 O r d p" M > M M to . ^ _^ > ^ BELLIOi o O d vn M" d ir> p ci o o o d INCIDENTS U3 ^J Jj? | \r> d M . _j M d | 3 u-i d ^P 1^1 r) (D 43 ,J *^ 5 ,-H bo 5 d ^2 O vo rG cn (> "& G c^ o "o> in i oJ . G ^ O O Vj G csa II . '.en g CO < I? |d d o CJ a a VM **-* 1 -. " e ^ O ^J 3o VH c3 i 5 1 11 S d o .$2 3 3 S 2 Q 5/5 u^ -i p p ?? N ^ iP iP C/3 o p p ^P p p p INFANT. 1 OO CO II S ct o &* 5? co ct en oS O DH fe O Q cT M cn o rt O S 04 en OS P. oo" > O S ^\ o H m ^ in M O vQ $3 W Tf O O 2 >H C^ p p 3$ $ p p - OO M 111 Tt <* >H~ W ^ I^ M ON ^ en oo" r^ I-...V CM N W w en ta H M - cn M w M 1 'II | & Z CO ^43 i OS O o s M H < Q 3 rt *5 d. O (1) O co p. < i O bb 1 1 t3 ^ 'S S G C3 t; n IL-i SD K .H .S 1 1 t/5 .S* _i -> G" 0) T3 oj tf * o ^ 43" o ^ rt Oi "^j 0) ^H 5-i O O Pi till w 1 K 55 6 PQ J 1 S c3 43 O S a) C ffi S 11 * IT. 'O iJW A^H 1 g " " J .rt AME AND RANK. CAPTAIN. es W. Graham, IST LIEUTENANT. b/5 3 P3 ^ 20 LIEUTENANTS. is H. Goodman, .iam Gleeson, IST SERGEANTS. on C. Jennings, iel Scannel, SERGEANTS. >tt, Charles W. u M ;,> II Illl * G S 1 I M 43 O ti ^ *3 ^g ^ S W Q o < CO CO CO CO bO bO 2 S bC bJD b/D bO 3 3 Tt- *0 . . - * 4 u-> u-> ctf o ""i vn u-> *o 10 CO CO CO CO CO CO ^ r Pi cocococoin ooo . . . . . . *& O O O O O O *h. sr s CTj 1/3 -Jj ^ S O Q 4 4 o o o n -cj t$ O O O o vc ON "& p II j O ,o ^ 4 ~ *4 pf iP " _ pf M - pf bo -M |o d d Q d s d d 6 6 6 90*80 6 ooooo g^o aaaea^ag OOOOOJnOo , en en en en en r*^ en tn fiCCGG^^O 22222 22 e e H e H He o o o o O O a a a a Ca CQ o o o ^ OOOOQO > > > g ,>>>>>> . - > bO ; HH (-J M . g M IH HH" IH M M o'o'oo) 066606 OOO g oUOOOOCJ 22 O OH W c 4J M M Tf -t M O ^ O O vO o o o o a c OH *>>-> to > ^1 o o ^1 ^5 MMMMMP) 1-1 O o O 'S C3 t. >H ^ cu aj .-^ HH hH rM r^ ,0 rt d> CD 8 -^ _ . . s ^-^ -9 -51 ^KS ffip^^^ por Ci 0) *J I! 0) I 1 M > -H ?* J> Q 0) ^ j_ j_T "C In o o On OH o % .-W ,c3 OH a 2 w .S fa t , ^ ^H - . << ^5 > > S PH a" D ? 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IT was the author's original intention to give a detailed biographical sketch of every officer and man in the regiment. This idea, however, was finally abandoned for various reasons. It was found that in hundreds of cases, owing to the deaths of so many officers and men, during and since the war, material for many sketches could not be obtained. Even if such material could be secured, the use of it would increase the size of the present volume far beyond that contemplated by the committee on publi- cation. A few salient points, however, concerning every officer and man who enlisted in the Ninth are given in this work. They are contained in the roster herewith published. So that every commissioned and non-commissioned officer, every private, every drummer boy and every member of the band is, in some manner, noticed. The design has been to include all. The following sketches mainly of commissioned offi- cers are compiled from such material as could be ob- tained at this distance of time from the close of the war. They will, it is believed, be found of much interest : AVERY, ASS'T SURG. GEORGE W., resided in Hampton, Ct. ; enlisted in the Ninth, Nov. 13, 1861 ; mustered, Nov. 25, 1861 ; promoted surgeon of the First regiment, New Orleans Volunteers, Dec. 8, 1863 5 dis- charged, June i, 1866. BENNETT, Q. M. NATHAN L, a native of Bethel, Ct. His father was a graduate of Yale, and commenced the practice of medicine at Bethel, removing to Bridge- port, Ct., in 1852. Nathan L, previous to the war, had been a clerk in the Bridgeport post office. He 322 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. enlisted in the Ninth regiment, Aug. 17, 1861, and was mustered, Oct. 30, that year, as quartermaster-sergeant of the regiment. On June 5, 1862, he was promoted regi- mental quartermaster, succeeding Quartermaster William W. Harral. who had been honorably discharged, June 5, 1862. Quartermaster Bennett resigned Jan. 23, 1863, and was honorably discharged. BOLGER, LIEUT. JOHN, of Company D of the bat- talion. (See roster). BURKE, LIEUT. MARTIN, of Company G of the regiment. (See roster). CAHILL, COL. THOMAS W., born in Charlestown, (now a part of Boston), Mass., Aug. 12, 1826; son of Lawrence and Mary Ann (Young) Cahill. The family removed to New Haven, Ct., when Thomas was a child, and settled there. The boy grew up to manhood, learned the trade of ornamental plasterer, and in 1851, formed a partnership, the firm engaging in the masonry business. During Father Mathew's visit to New Haven, in 1849, the future colonel was among those who took the pledge from that great total abstinence reformer. Cahill was one of the founders, in 1849, f tne Washington-Erina Guards, of New Haven, and served, successively, as lieutenant and captain of the organization, holding the latter rank at the time the company was disbanded, in 1855, by the Know Nothing administration. He was also, subsequently, cap- tain of the Emmet Guard, of New Haven. He was elected to the Common Council in 1857, and re-elected in 1858 ; was elected Alderman in 1859, and re-elected in 1860 and 1 86 1. He was also chosen street commissioner, but resigned the latter office in Nov., 1861, upon being mustered in as colonel of the Ninth regiment. He had been very active in the interests of the latter, and it was largely due to his exertions that the State authorized the formation of the command. Owing to his efforts, and those of a splendid set of officers, the regiment was WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1865. 323 brought to a high degree of efficiency, as narrated in the foregoing pages. Col. Cahill was very highly es- teemed by Gen. Butler, Gen. Phelps, Gen. Banks and other great commanders who bore testimony to his ability, courage and fidelity. He was appointed to com- mand the defences of New Orleans, was acting brigadier- general for a considerable period, and acquitted himself in a manner creditable alike to himself, the regiment, the state and the nation. Much of his military career is told elsewhere in this volume. It need not, therefore, be dwelt upon here. In addition to holding the municipal offices above mentioned, in New Haven, he also served as a member of the board of education. Col. Cahill was married in New Haven, Oct. 15, 1856, to Margaret A. Lanin. She was a native of New York city. Their chil- dren were: (i) Mary A.; (2) Edward L. ; (3) Thomas M. ; (4) Ellen J. L. ; (5) Charles J. Colonel Cahill died in New Haven, Aug. 31, 1869. His wife died there, July 25, 1870. CAHILL, LIEUT. JAMES, belonged in Bridgeport, Ct. He enlisted in Company D, of the Ninth, Sept. 7, 1861, and was mustered as corporal, the same month. He was promoted sergeant, April I, 1862; second lieutenant, May 21, 1862, and first lieutenant, May 29, 1863. He was honorably discharged Oct. 26, 1864. Subsequently, for several years, he was a captain in the National Guard. He is now engaged in business in Oakland, Cal. CARROLL, LIEUT. DANIEL, of Company B. (See roster). CARROLL, LIEUT. JOHN, of Company F, and Company B. (See roster). CARROLL, LIEUT. WILLIAM H., enlisted into the Ninth regiment, C. V., Sept. 3, 1861, and was mustered in, as second lieutenant of Company F, Oct. 30, 1861. He belonged in Waterbury, Conn. He resigned, and was honorably discharged from the regiment Dec. 20, 1862. 3 2 4 NINTH REGIMENT CONN. VOL. INFANTRY. On Aug. 24, 1864, he married Mary Murphy, of Water- bury. Three children were born, viz : William H., Mary A., and John. Lieutenant Carroll died, and was buried with military honors, in Waterbury, some twenty years ago. CLAFFEE, LIEUT. PATRICK T., born in Kings County, Ireland, March 13, 1832; son of Thomas and Ellen Claffee. He was brought to this country at the age of five years. He enlisted into the Ninth, Sept. 9, 1861, and was mustered, Nov. i ; was sergeant-major of the regiment ; was promoted to be second lieutenant of Company C, Feb. 25, 1862 ; was promoted to be first lieutenant of the same company, May 18, 1862 ; died at New Orleans, La., Oct. 2, 1862. His body was brought home to the residence of his parents in Waterbury, and was given a military funeral. CLANCEY, LIEUT. RICHARD A., of Company D. (See roster). COATES, CAPT. THOMAS C., a native of Limerick, Ireland, born March 8, 1805 ; came to this country in early manhood and finally settled in Bridgeport, Ct. He enlisted in the Fourth U. S. Artillery, Sept., 1833, an d participated in operations in Alabama, and against the Seminole Indians. He was honorably discharged in Sept., 1836. In 1847, ne enlisted in the Twenty-fourth regi- ment, N. Y. Volunteers, and served in the Mexican war, being wounded at the battle of Pueblo. Subsequently, he was one of the organizers of the Montgomery Guards, Bridgeport, Ct., the company being among those dis- banded by the Know Nothing administration in 1855. He enlisted in the Ninth regiment, C. V., Aug. 21, 1861, and was mustered as captain of Company D, Oct. 30, the same year. Before leaving for the front with the Ninth, he was presented a sword and sash by the ladies of Bridgeport. He resigned Oct. 15, 1862, and was honor- ably discharged. Capt. Coates died Feb. 15, 1887, much and deservedly regretted. WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-1863. 325 COEN, CORPORAL MICHAEL P., born in Ireland, 1843; son of Michael and Catherine (McCaffrey) Coen; located in Waterbury, Ct, with his parents, 1849, an d was educated there. When Fort Sumter was fired upon, the Rev. Thomas F. Hendricken, then pastor of the Immacu- late Conception church, Waterbury, in a patriotic address called a meeting of the young men of the parish in the basement of the church, at which meeting a company for three months was organized with the principal of the school as captain and Mr. Coen as a corporal, and its service tendered Gov. Buckingham. As the short time regiments were full, the company waited several weeks and was then mustered as Company F into the Ninth Connecticut. Mr. Coen was the young- est member of Company F. His father died while a mem- ber of the Twentieth Connecticut regiment and an elder brother, John P. Coen, was killed while a member of Company F of the Ninth. Mr. Coen, the subject of this sketch, also saw nine months' service in the United States Signal Corps to which men of a high grade were trans- ferred. Both Michael P., and John P. Coen, the brothers, were corporals in the Ninth. After four years' service Michael P. returned to Water- bury and soon became interested in the Fenian move- ment, being the chief mustering officer of Connecticut. Waterbury played an important part in furnishing men and money for the invasion of Canada, being the state military headquarters with Major Bannon commanding and Judge A. H. Fenn, aide o