UC-NRLF "V-\ ANDREAttA. w \ CONTAINING THE Trial, Execution and Various Matter CONNECTED WITH THE HISTORY OF Major JOHN ANDRE, ADJUTANT GENERAL OF THE BRITISH ARMY IN AMFRICA, A. D. 1780.: PHILADELPHIA-. PUBLISHED BY HORACE W. SMITH MDCCCLXV. CASE 8 I'RINTFD KT KING &' KJ1RD, RANSOM STREET, PHILjIDELPHI « * • • • •> •« »« « « "e INTRODUCTION. HE official account of the Trial of Major John Andre has been, I believe, printed but three times: first at Philadel- phia, by Francis Bailey, in 1780; again in New York, attached to William Dun- lap's Tragedy entitled Andre, which was performed by the Old American Company in that city, March 30, 1789; it has also been embodied in the History of West Point as a fac simile of the Bailey edition. In republishing it at this late day I have been much assisted by the artists who were engaged upon the illustrations, 975113 INTRODUCTION. of which six have been engraved expressly for this work; also by William A. White- man, Esq., who has kindly furnished the only known copy of Peale's Engraving of Washington, from which Sartain has made his picture. I am also indebted to Mr. George P. Putnam, of New York, for the use of the plates of Arnold, Andre, and Paulding; to Mr. Elias Dexter, for that of Andre and Miss Sneyd; to Mr. H. Quig, of Philadelphia, for that of Miss Anna Seward; to W. W. Long, for the print of Arnold in effigy; and last, al- though not least, to Messrs. King & Baird, for the care bestowed upon the printing. HORACE W. SMITH. Philadelphia, June 15, 1865. PROCEEDINGS OF A BOARD O F GENERAL OFFICERS, Held By Order or His Excellency Gen. Washington, Commander in Chief of the Army of the United States of America. RESPECTING Major JOHN ANDRE, Adjutant General of the British Army, September 29, [780. PHILADELPHIA: Printed by FRANCIS BAILEY, irt Market Street. M.DCC.LXXX. EXTRACTS OF LETTERS. from General Washington to Vhr President ^Congress. Robinson's House, In the Highlands, September 26, 1 7 80. SIR, HAVE the honor to inform Congress that I arrived here yes- terday about twelve o'clock, on rny return from Hartford. Some hours previous to my arrival, Major-General Arnold went from his quarters, which were this place, and, as it was supposed, over the river to the garrison at West Point, whither I proceeded myself, in order to visit the post. I found General Arnold had not been there 4 ANDRE. during the day; and, on my return to his quarters, he was still absent. In the mean- time, a packet had arrived from Lieut: Colonel Jameson, announcing the capture of a John Anderson, who was endeavouring to go to New-York, with several interesting and impor- tant papers, all in the hand-writing of General Arnold. This was also accompanied with a I letter from the prisoner, avowing himself to be Major John Andre, Adjutant-General to the British army, relating the manner of his cap- ture, and endeavouring to show that he did not come under the description of a spy. From these several circumstances, and infor- mation that the General seemed to be thrown into some degree of agitation, on receiving a letter a little time before he went from his quarters, I was led to conclude immediately that he had heard of Major Andre's captivity, and that he would, if possible, escape to the enemy; and accordingly took such measures as appeared the most probable to apprehend him. But he had embarked in a barge, and proceeded down the river, under a flag, to the Vulture ship of war, which lay at some miles below Stony and Verplank's Points. He wrote PROCEEDINGS. 5 me a letter after he got on board. Major Andre is not yet arrived, but I hope he is secure, and that he will be here to-day. I have been, and am taking precautions, which I trust will prove effectual, to prevent the important consequences which this conduct, on the part of General Arnold, was intended to produce. I do not know the party that took Major Andre, but it is said that it consisted only of a few militia, who acted in such a manner upon the occasion, as does them the highest honor, and proves them to be men of great virtue. As soon as I know their names, I shall take pleasure in transmitting them to Congress. Paramus, October 7, 1780. SIR, I HAVE the honor to enclose Congress a copy of the proceedings of a Board of General Officers in the case of Major Andre, Adjutant-General to the British army. This officer was executed, in pursuance of 6 ANDRE. the opinion of the Board, on Monday the 2d instant, at twelve o'clock, at our late camp, at Tappan. Besides the proceedings, I transmit copies of sundry letters respecting the matter, which are all that passed on the subject, not included in the proceedings. I have now the pleasure to communicate the names of the three persons who captured Major Andre, and who refused to release him, notwithstanding the most earnest importunities and assurances of a liberal reward on his part. Their names are, John Paulding^ David Wil- liams , and Isaac Van Wert. PROCEEDINGS OF A Board of General Officers, Held by order of his Excellency General Wash- ington, Commander in Chief of the Army of the United States of America, respecting Major Andre, Adjutant-General of the British Army, September the 2yth, 1780, at Tappan, in the State of New-Tork. PRESENT: Major-General Green, President. Major-General Lord Sterling, Major-General St. Clair, Major-General the Marquis la Fayette, Major-General Howe, Major-General the Baron de Steuben, Brigadier-General Parsons, Brigadier-General Clinton, , Brigadier-General Knox, Brigadier-General Glover, Brigadier-General Patterson, Brigadier-General Hand, Brigadier-General H untington, Brigadier-General Starke, John Lawrence, Judge- Advocate-General. ANDRE MAJOR ANDRE, Adjutant-General to the British army, was brought before the Board, and the following letter from General Washington to the Board, dated Headquar- ters, Tappan, September 29, 1780, was laid before them, and read. Gentlemen : Major Andre, Adjutant-General to the British army, will be brought before you for your examination. He came within our lines in the night, on an interview with Major- General Arnold, and in an assumed character, and was taken within our lines in a disguised habit, with a pass under a feigned name, and with the enclosed papers concealed upon him. After a careful examination, you will be pleased, as speedily as possible, to report a precise state of his case, together with your opinion of the light in which he ought to be considered, and the punishment that ought to be inflicted. The Judge- Advocate will attend to assist in PROCEEDINGS. 9 the examination, who has sundry other papers, relative to this matter, which he will lay before the Board. I have the honor to be, gentlemen, Your most obedient and humble servant, G. WASHINGTON. To the Board of General Officers convened at Tappan. The names of the officers composing the Board were read to Major Andre, and on his being asked whether he confessed the matters contained in the letter from his Excellency General Washington to the Board, or denied them, he said, "in addition to his letter to General Washington, dated Salem, the 24th September, 1780," which was read to the Board, and acknowledged by Major Andre to have been written by him, which letter is as follows : Salem, September 24, 1780. SIR, WHAT I have as yet said concerning myself, was in the justifiable attempt to be io ANDRE. extricated ; I am too little accustomed to duplicity to have succeeded. I beg your Excellency will be persuaded that no alteration in the temper of my mind, or apprehension for my safety, induces me to take the step of addressing you, but that it is to secure myself from an imputation of having assumed a mean character, for treacherous pur- poses or self-interest — a conduct incompatible with the principles that actuated me, as well as with my condition in life. It is to vindicate my fame that I speak, and not to solicit security. The person in your possession is Major John Andre, Adjutant-General to the British army. The influence of one commander in the army of his adversary, is an advantage taken in war. A correspondence for this purpose I held ; as confidential (in the present instance) with his Excellency Sir Henry Clinton. To favor it, I agreed to meet upon ground not within posts of either army, a person who was to give me intelligence : I came up in the Vulture man of war, for this effect, and PROCEEDINGS. n was fetched, by a boat from the shore, to the beach : Being there, I was told that the ap- proach of day would prevent my return, and that I must be concealed until the next night. I was in my regimentals, and had fairly risked my person. Against my stipulation, my intention, and without my knowledge before hand, I was conducted within one of your posts. Your Excellency may conceive my sensation on this occasion, and will imagine how much more I must have been affected, by a refusal to re- conduct me back the next night, as I had been brought. Thus become a prisoner, I had to concert my escape. / quitted my uniform, was passed another way in the night without the American posts to neutral ground, and in- formed I was beyond all armed parties, and left to press for New Yotk. I was taken at Tarry-Town by some volunteers. Thus, as I have had the honor to relate, was I betrayed (being Adjutant-General of the British army) into the vile condition of an enemy in disguise within your posts. Having avowed myself a British officer, I 12 ANDRE. have nothing to reveal but what relates to my- self, which is true on the honor of an officer and a gentleman. The request I have to make your Excel- lency, and 1 am conscious I address myself well, is, that in any rigor policy may dictate, a decency of conduct towards me may mark, that though unfortunate, I am branded with nothing dishonorable, as no motive could be mine but the service of my King, and as I was involuntarily an impostor. Another request is, that I may be permitted to write an open letter to Sir Henry Clin- ton, and another to a friend for clothes and linen. I take the liberty to mention the condition of some gentlemen at Charleston, who being either on parole or under protection, were en- gaged in a conspiracy against us. Tho' their situation is not similar, they are objects who may be set in exchange for me, or are per- sons whom the treatment I receive might affect. It is no less, Sir, in a confidence in the generosity of your mind, than on account of PROCEEDINGS. 13 your superior station, that I have chosen to importune you with this letter. • I have the honor to be, With great respect, Sir, Your Excellency's most obedient, and most humble servant, JOHN ANDRE, Adj utant-General. His Excellency General Washington, &c. &c. &c. That he came on shore from the Vulture sloop of war, in the night of the twenty-first of September instant, somewhere under the Haverstraw Mountain : That the boat he came on shore in carried no flag ; and that he had on a surtout coat over his regimen- tals, and that he wore his surtout coat when he was taken : That he met General Arnold on the shore, and had an interview with him there. He also said, that when he left the Vulture sloop of war, it was understood that he was to return that night ; but it was then doubted, and if he could not return, he was promised to be concealed on shore in a place i 4 ANDRE. of safety, until the next night, when he was to return in the same manner he came on shore; and when the next day came, he was solicitous to get back, and made inquiries in the course of the day how he should return, when he was informed he could not return that way, and he must take the route he did afterwards. He also said, that the first notice he had of his being within any of our posts, was, being chal- lenged by the sentry, which was the first night he was on shore. He also said, that the even- ing of the twenty-second September instant, he passed King's-Ferry, between our posts of Stony and Verplanck's Points, in the dress he is at present in, and which he said was not his regimentals, and which dress he procured, after he landed from the Vulture, and when he was within our post; and that he was proceeding to New-York, but was taken on his way at Tarry - Town, as he has mentioned in his letter, on Saturday the twenty-third of Sep- tember instant, about nine o'clock in the morning. The following papers were laid before the Board and shewn to Major Andre, who con- fessed to the Board, that they were found on PROCEEDINGS. 15 him when he was taken, and said they were concealed in his boot, except the pass : A pass from General Arnold to John An- derson, which name Major Andre acknow- ledged he assumed. Artillery orders, September 5, 1780. Estimate of the forces at West-Point and its dependencies, September, 1780. Estimate of men to man the works at West- Point, &c. Return of ordnance at West-Point, Septem- ber, 1780. Remarks on works at West-Point. Copy of a state of matters laid before a council of war, by his Excellency General Washington, held the 6th of September, 1780. A letter signed John Anderson, dated Sep- tember 7, 1780, to Colonel Sheldon,* was also * Lest it should be supposed that Col. Sheldon, to whom the above letter is addressed, was privy to the plot carrying on by General Arnold, it is to be observed, that the letter was found among Arnold's papers, and had been transmitted by Colonel Sheldon, who, it appears from a letter of the 9th of September, to Arnold, which enclosed it, had never heard of John Anderson before. Arnold, in his answer on the 10th, acknowledged that he had not communicated it to him, though he had informed him that he expected a person would come from New-York, for the purpose of bringing him intelligence. 16 ANDRE. laid before the Board, and shewn to Major Andre, which he acknowledged to have been writ- ten by him, and is as follows : New- York, the jth, Sept., 1780. SIR, I AM told my name is made known to you, and that I may hope your indulgence in permitting me to meet a friend near your out-post. I will endeavour to obtain permis- sion to go out with a flag, which will be sent to Dobb's-Ferry on Monday next, the nth, at twelve o'clock, when I shall be happy to meet Mr. G .* Should I not be allowed to go, the officer who is to command the escort, between whom and myself no distinc- tion need be made, can speak on the affair. Let me entreat you, Sir, to favor a matter so interesting to the parties concerned, and which is of so private a nature, that the pub- lic on neither side can be injured by it. * It appears by the same letter, that Arnold had written to Mr. Anderson under the signature of Gustavus. His words are, " I was obliged to write with great caution to him, my letter was signed Gustavus, to prevent any discovery, in case it fell into the hands of the enemy." PROCEEDINGS. 17 I shall be happy on my part in doing any act of kindness to you in a family or pro- perty concern of a similar nature. I trust I shall not be detained, but should any old grudge be a cause for it, I shall rather risk that, than neglect the business in question, or assume a mysterious character to carry on an innocent affair, and, as friends have advised, get to your lines by stealth. I am, Sir, with all regard, Your most obedient humble servant, JOHN ANDERSON. Col. Sheldon. Major Andre observed that this letter could be of no force in the case in question, as it was written in New-York, when he was under the orders of General Clinton ; but that it tended to prove that it was not his intention to come within our lines. The Board having interrogated Major An- dre about his conception of his coming on shore under the sanction of a flag, he said that it was impossible for him to suppose he came on shore under that sanction; and added, that if 3 18 ANDRE. he came on shore under that sanction, he certainly might have returned under it. Major Andre having acknowledged the pre- ceding facts, and being asked whether he had any thing to say respecting them, answered, he left them to operate with the Board. The examination of Major Andre being concluded, he was remanded into custody. The following letters were laid before the Board, and read : Benedict Arnold's letter to General Washington, dated September 25, 1780; Colonel Robinson's letter to General Washington, dated September 25, 1780; and General Clinton's letter, dated 26th Septem- ber, 1780, (inclosing a letter of the same date from Benedict Arnold,) to General Wash- ington. On board the Vulture, Sept. 25, 1780. SIR, THE heart which is conscious of its own rectitude, cannot attempt to palliate a step which the world may censure as wrong ; I have ever acted from a principle of love to my country, since the commencement of the present unhappy contest between Great PROCEEDINGS. 19 Britain and the Colonies ; the same principle of love to my country actuates my present conduct, however it may appear inconsistent to the world, who very seldom judge right of any man's actions. I have no favor to ask for myself, I have too often experienced the ingratitude of my country to attempt it; but from the known humanity of your Excellency, I am induced to ask your protection for Mrs. Arnold, from every insult and injury that the mistaken vengeance of my country may expose her to. It ought to fall only on me; she is as good and as innocent as an angel, and is incapable of doing wrong. I beg she may be permitted to return to her friends in Philadelphia, or to come to me, as she may choose : from your Excellency I have no fears on her account, but she may suffer from the mistaken fury of the country. I have to request that the enclosed letter may be delivered to Mrs. Arnold, and she permitted to write to me. I have also to ask that my clothes and baggage, which are of little consequence, may \ 20 ANDRE. be sent to me ; if required, their value shall be paid for in money. I have the honor to be, with great regard and esteem, Your Excellency's most obedient humble servant, B. ARNOLD. His Excellency General Washington. N. B. In justice to the gentlemen of my family, Colonel Varick and Major Franks, I think myself in honor bound to declare, that they, as well as Joshua Smith, Esq., (who I know is suspected,) are totally ignorant of any transactions of mine, that they had rea- son to believe were injurious to the public. Vulture off Sinksink, Sept. 25, 178c. SIR, I AM this moment informed that Major Andre, Adjutant-General of his Majesty's army in America, is detained as a prisoner by the army under your command ; it is, therefore, incumbent on me to inform you PROCEEDINGS. 21 of the manner of his falling into your hands. He went up with a flag at the request of General Arnold, on public business with him, and had his permit to return by land to New-York. Under these circumstances Ma- jor Andre cannot be detained by you, without the greatest violation of flags, and contrary to the custom and usage of all nations, and, as I imagine you will see this matter in the same point of view as I do, I must desire that you will order him to be set at liberty, and allowed to return immediately. Every step Major Andre took was by the advice and direction of General Arnold, even that of taking a feigned name, and of course not liable to censure for it. I am, Sir, not forgetting former acquaintance, Your very humble servant, BEV. ROBINSON, Col. Loyal Americans. His Excellency General Washington. 22 ANDRE New-York, Sept. 26, 1780. SIR, BEING informed that the Kings Adju- tant-General in America has been stopt under Major-General Arnold's passports, and is de- tained a prisoner in your Excellency's army, I have the honor to inform you, Sir, that I permitted Major Andre to go to Major- General Arnold, at the particular request of that general officer. You will perceive, Sir, by the inclosed paper, that a flag of truce was sent to receive Major Andre, and pass- ports granted for his return : I therefore can have no doubt but your Excellency will immediately direct, that this officer has per- mission to return to my orders at New-York. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant, H. CLINTON. His Excellency General Washington. PROCEEDINGS. 23 New-York, Sept. 26, 1780. SIR, IN answer to your Excellency's message, respecting your Adjutant-General, Major An- dre, and desiring my idea of the reasons why he is detained, being under my passports, I have the honor to inform you, Sir, that I apprehend a few hours must return Major Andre to your Excellency's orders, as that officer is assuredly under the protection of a flag of truce sent by me to him, for the pur- pose of a conversation which I requested to hold with him relating to myself, and which I wished to communicate through that officer to your Excellency. I commanded at the time at West-Point, had an undoubted right to send my flag of truce for Major Andre, who came to me under that protection, and having held my conversa- tion with him, I delivered him confidential papers in my own hand-writing, to deliver to your Excellency. Thinking it much properer he should return by land, I directed him to make use of the feigned name of John An- 24 ANDRE. derson, under which he had by my direction come on shore, and gave him my passports to go to the White Plains, on his way to New-York. This officer cannot therefore fail of being immediately sent to New-York, as he was invited to a conversation with me, for "which I sent him a flag of truce, and finally gave him passports for his safe return to your Excellency; all which I had then a right to do, being in the actual service of America, under the orders of General Washington, and commanding general at West-Point and its dependencies. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency's most obedient, and most humble servant, B. ARNOLD. His Excellency Sir Henry Clinton. The Board having considered the letter from his Excellency General Washington re- specting Major Andre, Adjutant-General to the British Army, the confession of Major Andre, and the papers produced to them, REPORT to his Excellency the Commander PROCEEDINGS. 25 in Chief the following facts, which appear to them relative to Major Andre. First, That he came on shore from the Vulture sloop of war in the night of the twenty-first of September instant, on an in- terview with General Arnold, in a private and secret manner. Secondly, That he changed his dress within our lines, and under a feigned name, and in a disguised habit, passed our works at Stony and Verplank's Points, the evening of the twenty-second of September instant, and was taken the morning of the twenty-third of September instant, at Tarry-Town in a dis- guised habit, being then on his way to New- York ; and when taken, he had in his posses- sion several papers, which contained intelli- gence for the enemy. The Board having maturely considered these facts, do also report to his Excellency Gen- eral Washington, that Major Andre, Adjutant- General to the British army, ought to be con- sidered as a Spy from the enemy, and that 26 ANDRE. agreeably to the law and usage of nations, it is their opinion, he ought to suffer death. Nathaniel Green, Major-General, President, Stirling, Major-General, Ar. St. Clair, Major-General, La Fayette, Major-General, R. Howe, Major-General, Steuben, Major-General, Samuel H. Parsons, Brigadier-General, James Clinton, Brigadier-General, H. Knox, Brigadier-General of Artillery, John Glover, Brigadier-General, John Patterson, Brigadier-General, Edward Hand, Brigadier-General, J. Huntington, Brigadier-General, John Starke, Brigadier-General, John Lawrence, Judge-Advocate-General. APPENDIX Copy of a Letter from Major Andre ', Adjutant- General, to Sir Henry Clinton, K. B. y &c 9 &c. SIR, Tappan, Sept. 29, 1780. OUR Excellency is doubtless already apprized of the manner in which I was taken, and possibly of the serious light in which my conduct is considered, and the rigorous determination that is impending. Under these circumstances I have obtained General Washington's permission to send you this letter; the object of which is, to remove from your breast any suspicion, that I could imagine I was bound by your Excellency's orders to expose myself to what has hap- 28 ANDRE. pened. The events of coming within an enemy's posts, and of changing my dress, which led me to my present situation, were contrary to my own intentions, as they were to your orders; and the circuitous route, which I took to return, was imposed (perhaps una- voidably) without alternative upon me. I am perfectly tranquil in mind, and pre- pared for any fate to which an honest zeal for my King's service may have devoted me. In addressing myself to your Excellency on this occasion, the force of all my obligations to you, and of the attachment and gratitude I bear you recurs to me. With all the warmth of my heart, I give you thanks for your Ex- cellency's profuse kindness to me ; and I send you the most earnest wishes for your welfare, which a faithful, affectionate, and respectful attendant can frame. I have a mother and three sisters, to whom the value of my commission would be an ob- ject, as the loss of Granada has much affected their income. It is needless to be more explicit on this subject; I am persuaded of your Excellency's goodness. I receive the greatest attention from his APPENDIX. 29 Excellency General Washington, and from every person under whose charge I happen to be placed. I have the honor to be, With the most respectful attachment, Your Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant, JOHN ANDRE, Adjutant-General. (Addressed) His Excellency Gen. Sir Henry Clinton, K. B., &c, &c, &c. Copy of a Letter from his Excellency General Wash- ington^ to his Excellency Sir Henry Clinton. Head-Quarters, Sept. 30, 1780. SIR, IN answer to your Excellency's letter of the 26th instant, which I had the honor to receive, I am to inform you, that Major Andre was taken under such circumstances as would have justified the most summary pro- ceedings against him. I determined however 30 ANDRE. to refer his case to the examination and decision of a Board of General Officers, who have reported on his free and voluntary confession and letters, " That he came on shore from the Vulture sloop of war, in the night of the twenty-first of September in- stant/' &c, &c, as in the Report of the Board of General Officers. From these proceedings, it is evident Ma- jor Andre was employed in the execution of measures very foreign to the objects of flags of truce, and such as they were never meant to authorize or countenance in the most dis- tant degree ; and this gentleman confessed with the greatest candor, in the course of his examination, " That it was impossible for him to suppose he came on shore, under the sanction of a flag." I have the honor to be, Your Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant, G. WASHINGTON. (Addressed) His Excellency Sir Henry Clinton. APPENDIX. 31 In this letter Major Andre's of the 29th of September to Sir Henry Clinton was trans- mitted. New- York, Sept. 29, 1780. SIR, PERSUADED that you are inclined rather to promote than prevent the civilities and acts of humanity, which the rules of war permit between civilized nations, I find no difficulty in representing to you, that several letters and messages sent from hence have been disregarded, are unanswered, and the flags of truce that carried them, detained. As I have ever treated all flags of truce with civility and respect, I have a right to hope, that you will order my complaint to be immediately redressed. Major Andre, who visited an officer com- manding in a district at his own desire, and acted in every circumstance agreeable to his direction, I find is detained a prisoner ; my friendship for him leads me to fear he may suffer some inconvenience for want of neces- saries ; I wish to be allowed to send him a 32 ANDRE. few, and shall take it as a favor if you will be pleased to permit his servant to deliver them. In Sir Henry Clinton's absence, it becomes a part of my duty to make this representation and request. I am, Sir, Your Excellency's most obedient humble servant, JAMES ROBERTSON, Lieutenant-General. His Excellency General Washington. Tappan, Sept. 30, 1780. SIR, I HAVE just received your letter of the 29th. Any delay which may have attended your flags, has proceeded from accident and the peculiar circumstances of the occasion, not from intentional neglect or violation. The letter that admitted of an answer, has received one as early as it could be given with propriety, transmitted by a flag this morning. As to messages, I am uninformed of any that have been sent. APPENDIX. 33 The necessaries for Major Andre will be delivered to him, agreeably to your request. I am, Sir, Your most obedient humble servant, G. WASHINGTON. His Excellency Lieut.-Gen. Robertson, New- York. New- York, Sept. 30, 1780. SIR, FROM your Excellency's letter of this date, I am persuaded the Board of General Officers, to whom you referred the case of Major Andre, cannot have been rightly in- formed of all the circumstances on which a judgment ought to be formed. I think it of the highest moment to humanity, that your Excellency should be perfectly apprized of the state of this matter, before you pro- ceed to put that judgment in execution. For this reason, I send his Excellency Lieutenant-General Robertson, and two other gentlemen, to give you a true state of facts, and to declare to you my sentiments and resolutions. They will set out to-morrow, as early as the wind and tide will permit, and 34 ANDRE. wait near Dobb's Ferry for your permission and safe conduct, to meet your Excellency, or such persons as you may appoint, to con- verse with them on this subject. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant, H. CLINTON. P. S.— The Hon. Andrew Elliot, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor, and the Hon. William Smith, Chief-Justice of this province, will attend his Excellency Lieutenant-General Ro- bertson. H. C. His Excellency General Washington. Lieutenant-General Robertson, Mr. Elliot, and Mr. Smith, came up in a flag vessel to Dobb's Ferry, agreeable to the above let- ter. The two last were not suffered to land. General Robertson was permitted to come on shore, and was met by Major-General Greene, who verbally reported that General Robertson mentioned to him in substance what is con- tained in his letter of the 2d of October to General Washington. APPENDIX. 35 New- York, October I, 1780. SIR, I TAKE this opportunity to inform your Excellency, that I consider myself no longer acting under the commission of Con- gress : Their last to me being among my papers at West Point, you, Sir, will make such use of it as you think proper. At the same time, I beg leave to assure your Excellency, that my attachment to the true interest of my country is invariable, and that I am actuated by the same principle which has ever been the governing rule of my con- duct, in this unhappy contest. I have the honor to be, Very respectfully, your Excellency's most obedient humble servant, B. ARNOLD. His Excellency General Washington. 36 ANDRE. Greyhound Schooner, Flag of Truce, Dobb's Ferry, Oct. 2, 1780. SIR, A NOTE I have from General Greene, leaves me in doubt if his memory had served him to relate to you, with exactness, the sub- stance of the conversation that had passed between him and myself, on the subject of Major Andre. In an affair of so much con- sequence to my friend, to the two armies, and humanity, I would leave no possibility of a misunderstanding, and therefore take the liberty to put in writing the substance of what I said to General Greene. I . offered to prove by the evidence of Colonel Robinson, and the officers of the Vulture, that Major Andre went on shore at General Arnold's desire, in a boat sent for him with a flag of truce ; that he not only came ashore with the knowledge, and under the protection of the general who commanded in the district, but that he took no step, while on shore, but by the direction of Gen- eral Arnold, as will appear by the inclosed letter from him to your Excellency. Under APPENDIX. 37 these circumstances I could not, and hoped you would not, consider Major Andre as a spy, for any improper phrase in his letter to you. The facts he relates correspond with the evidence I offer ; but he admits a conclusion that does not follow. The change of clothes and name was ordered by General Arnold, under whose direction he necessarily was while within his command. As General Greene and I did not agree in opinion, I wished that disinterested gentlemen of knowledge of the law of war and nations, might be asked their opinion on the subject, and mentioned Mon- sieur Knyphausen and General Rochambault. I related that a Captain Robinson had been delivered to Sir Henry Clinton as a spy, and undoubtedly was such ; but that it being sig- nified to him that you were desirous that this man should be exchanged, he had ordered him to be exchanged. I wished that an intercourse of such civili- ties as the rules of war admit of, might take off many of its horrors. I admitted that Major Andre had a great share of Sir Henry Clinton's esteem, and that he would be infin- 38 ANDRE. itely obliged by his liberation; and that if he was permitted to return with me I would engage to have any person you would be pleased to name, set at liberty. I added that Sir Henry Clinton had never put to death any person for a breach of the rules of war, though he had, and now has, many in his power. Under the present cir- cumstances, much good may arise from hu- manity, much ill from the want of it. If that could give any weight, I beg leave to add, that your favorable treatment of Major Andre will be a favor I should ever be intent to return to any you hold dear. My memory does not retain with the ex- actness I could wish, the words of the letter which General Greene shewed me from Major Andre to your Excellency. For Sir Henry Clinton's satisfaction, I beg you will order a copy of it to be sent to me at New-York. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant, JAMES ROBERTSON. His Excellency General Washington. APPENDIX. 39 New- York, October i, 1780. SIR, THE polite attention shewn by your Excellency and the gentlemen of your family to Mrs. Arnold, when in distress, demands my grateful acknowledgment and thanks, which I beg leave to present. From your Excellency's letter to Sir Henry Clinton, I find a Board of General Officers have given it as their opinion, that Major Andre comes under the description of a spy. My good opinion of the candor and justice of those gentlemen leads me to believe, that if they had been made fully acquainted with every circumstance respecting Major Andre, that they would by no means have considered him in the light of a spy, or even of a prisoner. In justice to him, I think it my duty to declare, that he came from on board the Vulture at my particular request, by a flag sent on purpose for him by Joshua Smith, Esq., who had permission to go to Dobb's Ferry, to carry letters, and for other purposes not mentioned, and to return. This was done as a blind to the spy boats. Mr. 40 ANDRE. Smith at the same time had my private instruc- tions, to go on board the Vulture, and bring on shore Colonel Robinson, or Mr. John An- derson, which was the name I had requested Major Andre to assume; at the same time I desired Mr. Smith to inform him that he should have my protection, and a safe pass- port to return in the same boat, as soon as our business was completed. As several acci- dents intervened to prevent his being sent on board, I gave him my passport to return by land. Major Andre came on shore in his uniform, (without disguise,) which with much reluctance, at my particular and pressing in- stance, he exchanged for another coat. I furnished him with a horse and saddle, and pointed out the route by which he was to return. And as commanding officer in the department, I had an undoubted right to transact all these matters, which, if wrong, Major Andre ought by no means to suffer for them. But if, after this just and candid repre- sentation of Major Andre's case, the Board of General Officers adhere to their former opinion, I shall suppose it dictated by pas- APPENDIX. 41 sion and resentment ; and if that gentleman should suffer the severity of their sentence, I shall think myself bound, by every tie of duty and honor, to retaliate on such unhap- py persons of your army as may fall within my power, that the respect due to flags, and to the law of nations, may be better under- stood and observed. I have further to observe, that forty of the principal inhabitants of South Carolina have justly forfeited their lives, which have hither- to been spared by the clemency of his Ex- cellency Sir Henry Clinton, who cannot in justice extend his mercy to them any longer, if Major Andre suffers; which, in all proba- bility, will open a scene of blood at which humanity will revolt. Suffer me to intreat your Excellency for your own and the honor of humanity and the love you have of justice, that you suffer not an unjust sentence to touch the life of Major Andre. But if this warning should be disregarded, and he suffer, I call heaven and earth to witness, that your Excellency will be justly 42 ANDRE. answerable for the torrent of blood that may be spilt in consequence. I have the honor to be, with due respect, Your Excellency's most obedient and very humble servant, B. ARNOLD. His Excellency General Washington. Tappan, October I, 1780. SIR, BUOY'D above the terror of death, by the consciousness of a life devoted to honor- able pursuits, and stained with no action that can give me remorse, I trust that the request I make to your Excellency at this serious period, and which is to soften my last mo- ments, will not be rejected. Sympathy towards a soldier will surely induce your Excellency and a military tribu- nal, to adapt the mode of my death to the feelings of a man of honor. Let me hope, Sir, that if aught in my character impresses you with esteem towards me, if aught in my misfortunes marks me as the victim of policy and not of resentment, I shall experience the operation of these feel- APPENDIX. 43 ings in your breast, by being informed that I am not to die on a gibbet. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant, JOHN ANDRE, Adj. Gen. to the British Army. His Excellency General Washington. The time which elapsed between the cap- ture of Major Andre, which was on the morning of the 23d of September, and his execution, which did not take place till twelve o'clock on the second of October ; the mode of trying him ; his letter to Sir Henry Clin- ton, K. B., on the 29th of September, in which he said, " I receive the greatest atten- tion from his Excellency General Washington, and from every person under whose charge I happen to be placed;" not to mention many other acknowledgments which he made of the good treatment he received ; must evince that the proceedings against him were not guided by passion or resentment. 44 ANDRE. The practice and usage of war was against his request, and made the indulgence he so- licited, circumstanced as he was, inadmissible. Published by order of Congress. CHARLES THOMSON. Secretary. Extract from a Letter which appeared in the Pennsylvania Gazette ', dated October 25, 1780. The author supposed to be Colonel Hamilton, Aid-de-Camp to General Washington. NEVER, perhaps, did a man suffer death with more justice or deserve it less. The first step he took after his capture, was to write a letter to General Washington, con- ceived in terms of dignity without insolence, and apology without meanness. The scope of it was to vindicate himself from the impu- tation of having assumed a mean character, for treacherous or interested purposes, that, contrary to his intention, which was to meet a person for intelligence on neutral ground, he had been betrayed within our posts, and forced into the vile condition of an enemy APPENDIX. 45 in disguise, soliciting only, that to whatever rigor policy might devote him, a decency of treatment might be observed due to a person who, though unfortunate, had been guilty of nothing dishonorable. His request was granted in its full extent ; for in the whole progress of the affair, he was treated with the most scrupulous delicacy. When brought be- fore the Board of Officers, he met with every mark of indulgence, and was required to answer no interrogatory which could embar- rass his feeling. On his part, while he carefully concealed every thing that might involve others, he frankly confessed all the facts relative to him- self; and, upon his confession, without the trouble of examining a witness, the Board made their report. The members of it were not more impressed with the candor and modest firmness, mixed with a becoming sen- sibility, which he displayed, than he was pen- etrated with their liberality and politeness. He acknowledged the generosity of the be- haviour towards him in every respect, but particularly in this in the strongest terms of manly gratitude. In a conversation with a 46 ANDRE. gentleman who visited him after his trial, he said, he flattered himself he had never been illiberal ; but if there were any remains of prejudice in his mind, his present experience must obliterate them. In one of the visits I made to him (and I saw him several times during his confine- ment) he begged me to be the bearer of a request to the General, for permission to send an open letter to Sir Henry Clinton. " I foresee my fate," said he, "and though I pre- tend not to play the hero, or to be indifferent about life, yet I am reconciled to whatever may happen, conscious that misfortune, not guilt, will have brought it upon me. There is only one thing that disturbs my tran- quillity. Sir Henry Clinton has been too good to me ; he has been lavish of his kind- ness. I am bound to him by too many obligations, and love him too well, to bear the thought that he should reproach himself, or that others should reproach him, on a supposition that I had conceived myself obliged by his instructions to run the risk I did. I would not for the world leave a sting in his mind, that should embitter his APPENDIX. 47 future days." He could scarce finish the sentence, bursting into tears in spite of his efforts to suppress them, and with difficulty collected himself enough afterwards to add, " I wish to be permitted to assure him I did not act under this impression, but submitted to a necessity imposed upon me, as contrary to my own inclination as to his orders." His request was readily complied with, and he wrote the letter annexed, with which I dare say you will be as much pleased as I am, both for the diction and sentiment. When his sentence was announced to him, he remarked, that since it was his lot to die, as there was a choice in the mode, which would make material difference in his feel- ings, he would be happy, if it were possible to be indulged with a professional death. He made a second application by letter, in concise but persuasive terms. It was thought this indulgence, being incompatible with the customs of war, could not be granted ; and it was therefore determined in both cases to evade an answer, to spare him the sensations which a certain knowledge of the intended mode would inflict. 4 8 ANDRE. When he was led out to the place of execu- tion, as he went along he bowed familiarly to all those with whom he had been acquainted in his confinement. A smile of complacency- expressed the serene fortitude of his mind. Arrived at the fatal spot, he asked with emo- tion, " Must I then die in this manner ?" He was told it had been unavoidable. " I am reconciled to my fate," said he, " but not to the mode." Soon, however, recollecting himself, he added, " It will be but a momen- tary pang," and, springing upon the cart, performed the last offices to himself, with a composure that excited the admiration, and melted the hearts of the beholders. Upon being told the final moment was at hand, and asked if he had any thing to say, he answered, " Nothing but to request you will witness to the world that I die like a brave man." Among the extraordinary circum- stances that attended him, in the midst of his enemies, he died universally esteemed, and universally regretted. There was something singularly interesting in the character and fortunes of Andre. To an excellent understanding, well improved by APPENDIX. 49 education and travel, he united a peculiar elegance of mind and manners, and the ad- vantage of a pleasing person. It is said he possessed a pretty taste for the fine arts, and had himself attained some proficiency in po- etry, music, and painting. His knowledge appeared without ostentation, and embellished by a diffidence that rarely accompanies so many talents and accomplishments, which left you to suppose more than appeared. His sentiments were elevated, and inspired esteem ; they had a softness that conciliated affection. His elocution was handsome, his address easy, polite, and insinuating. By his merit he had acquired the confidence of his General, and was making a rapid progress in military rank and reputation. But in the heighth of his career, flushed with new hopes from the exe- cution of a project the most beneficial to his party that could be devised, he is at once precipitated from the summit of prosperity, sees all the expectations of his ambition blasted and himself ruined. The character I have given of him. is drawn partly from what I saw of him myself, and partly from information. I am aware that a 50 ANDRE. man of real merit is never seen in so favor- able a light as through the medium of adver- sity. The clouds that surround him are so many shadows that set off his good qualities. Misfortune cuts down little vanities that, in prosperous times, serve as so many spots in his virtues, and gives a tone of humility that makes his worth more amiable. His specta- tors, who enjoyed a happier lot, are less prone to detract from its true envy ; and are more disposed by compassion to give him the credit he deserves, and perhaps even to magnify it. I speak not of Andre's conduct in this affair as a philosopher, but as a man of the world. The authorized maxims and practices of war are the sators of human nature. They countenance almost every species of seduction as well as violence, and the General who can make most traitors in the army of his adver- sary is frequently most applauded. On this scale we acquit Andre, while we could not but condemn him if we were to examine his con- duct by the sober rules of philosophy and moral rectitude. Andre's Letter to General Washington has been thus beautifully paraphrased in verse hy N. P. Willis: " It is not the fear of death That damps my brow — It is not for another breath I ask thee now : I can die with a lip unstirred And a quiet heart, Let but this prayer be heard Ere I depart. " I can give up my mothers look, My sister's kiss, I can think of love — yet brook A death like this ! I can give up the young fame I burned to win, All — but the spotless name I glory in. 52 ANDRE " Thine is the power to give, Thine to deny, Joy for the hour I live, Calmness to die : By all the brave should cherish, By my dying breath, I ask that I may perish By a soldier's death." ARNOLD. WE will cast a single glance on the dark path of Arnold after he had betrayed his country. He fled from his post, and took refuge under the flag he had so long fought against. Anxious to distinguish himself in the field, and wipe out the deep stain upon his name, he solicited and obtained a command in Vir- ginia ; but two men were sent by the British General to watch him ! His Virginia expedition failed. He pro- jected another: it was against his birthplace — his early neighbors and associates. It was to plunder the public stores of New London, feebly defended by Forts Griswold and Trum- bull, at the mouth of the Thames. 54 ANDRE. Landing from Long Island, he sent a divi- sion of his troops against Fort Griswold : they took it, and entered New London. The town was reduced to ashes ; vessels were burned ; the brave Colonel Ledyard was slain with his own sword, after he had surrendered, and his companions butchered in cold blood. Now was the hour for the Traitor to complete his life of infamy ! While the town where he used to play in his boyhood was burning, he stood in the belfry of a church of God, and looked exultingly on the conflagration ! This was the last exploit of the Traitor in his native land. He could henceforth live only in the nation whose gold had paid him for his treachery. He sailed for England. He entered London with a letter of intro- duction from Sir Henry Clinton to Lord George Germain. When the petition for a bill authorizing peace with America was presented to the King by Parliament, the Traitor was standing near the throne, Ci apparently in high favor with his Majesty. Lord Lauderdale is reported to have declared, on returning to the House, ( that, however gracious might be the language APPENDIX. 55 he had heard from the throne, his indignation could not but be highly excited at beholding his Majesty supported by a Traitor.' ' But his lordship should have found no fault with this spectacle. It was a tableau befitting the occasion : where else should the man who had betrayed the Republic find shelter, if not under the sceptre of a King whose gold had paid him for his villain work ? It was, in fact, the only spot where the wretch could stand in security. Lord Surrey, on another occasion, rose to speak in Parliament. Glancing his eye round the gallery, he saw Arnold ; pointing towards him the finger of scorn, he exclaimed : " I will not speak while that man is in the House." Arnold possessed, undoubtedly, animal cour- age : he could stand before a battery, and call on his men to advance. He was once at a levee in England immediately after the close of the American war, when he was introduced to Lord Balcarras as the American General, Arnold. "What! the Traitor Arnold?" ex- claimed his lordship, turning on his heel with disgust. A challenge was given by the gen- 56 ANDRE. eral, and accepted by his lordship, who re- ceived Arnold's fire and discharged his own pistol in the air. " Why do you not return the fire ?" exclaimed the General. " Because I am not an executioner," replied the noble- man, folding his arms, and looking disdain- fully over his shoulder at his antagonist, as he quietly walked away from him. The mark of Cain was on the brow of the Traitor, and he carried it to the grave. Wherever he went men read it. In England, in St. John's, in Guadaloupe — all through his restless, wandering life, it followed him still. He lived to see the young Republic he had betrayed emerge from the gloom of her long struggle into wealth, power, and splendor; and left it advancing on to empire as he went darkling down to a Traitor's grave ! He died in 1801, somewhere in the endless wilderness of London. Where he was buried we cannot tell. He died full of crime ; and his name is covered with infamy by the ex- ecration of the nation he betrayed, and the nation which paid him for his traitor's work. APPENDIX. 57 The following Acrostic, cut from a London paper of 1782, is without exception one of the most severe comments ever passed upon the character of any man : ACROSTIC ON ARNOLD. " Born for a curse to nature and mankind, Earth's broadest realms can't show so black a mind ; Night's sable veil your crimes can never hide, Each one so great would glut historic tide ; Defunct, your cursed memory will live In all the glare that infamy can give ; Curses of ages will attend your name ; Traitors will glory in your shame. "Almighty vengeance earnestly waits to roll Rivers of sulphur on your treacherous soul ; Nature looks down, with conscious error sad, On such a tarnished blot as she has made. Let hell receive you, rivetted in chains, Doomed to the hottest of its flames." American. EXECUTION OF ANDRE. Dr. Thatcher makes this entry in his Journal on the Bay of the Execution : "OCT. id.. Major Andre is no more among the living. I have just witnessed his exit. It was a tragical scene of the deepest interest. * * * * The principal guard-officer, who was constantly in the room with the pris- oner, relates that when the hour of his execu- tion was announced to him in the morning, he received it without emotion, and, while all present were affected with silent gloom, he retained a firm countenance, with calmness and composure of mind. Observing his ser- vant enter the room in tears, he exclaimed : c Leave me until you can show yourself more APPENDIX. 59 manly !' His breakfast being sent to him from the table of General Washington, which had been done every day of his confinement, he partook of it as usual, and, having shaved and dressed himself, he placed his hat on the table, and cheerfully said to the guard-officers, 1 I am ready at any moment, gentlemen, to wait on you/ The fatal hour having arrived, a large detachment of troops was paraded, and an immense concourse of people assem- bled ; almost all our general and field officers, except his Excellency and his staff, were pres- ent on horseback; melancholy and gloom per- vaded all ranks, and the scene was affectingly awful. I was so near, during the solemn march to the fatal spot, as to observe every movement, and participate in every emotion which the melancholy scene was calculated to produce. Major Andre walked from the stone house in which he had been confined between two of our subaltern officers arm-in-arm ; the eyes of the immense multitude were fixed on him, who, rising superior to the fears of death, appeared as if conscious of the digni- fied deportment which he displayed. He be- trayed no want of fortitude, but retained a 60 ANDRE. complacent smile on his countenance, and politely bowed to several gentlemen whom he knew, which was respectfully returned. It was his earnest desire to be shot, as being the mode of death most conformable to the feelings of a military man, and he had in- dulged the hope that his request would be granted. At the moment, therefore, when, suddenly, he came in view of the gallows, he involuntarily started backward, and made a pause. c Why this emotion, Sir?' said an officer by his side. Instantly recovering his composure, he said: C I am reconciled to my death, but I detest the mode !' While wait- ing, and standing near the gallows, I observed some degree of trepidation : placing his foot on a stone, and rolling it over, and choking in his throat, as if attempting to swallow. So soon, however, as he perceived things were in readiness, he stepped quickly into the wagon, and at this moment he appeared to shrink, but instantly elevating his head with firmness he said, c It will be but a momentary pang;' and taking from his pocket two white handkerchiefs, the provost-marshal with one loosely pinioned his arms, and with the other APPENDIX. 61 the victim, after taking off his hat and stock, bandaged his own eyes with perfect firmness, which melted the hearts and moistened the cheeks not only of his servant but of the throng of spectators. The rope being ap- pended to the gallows, he slipped the noose over his head, and adjusted it to his neck, without the assistance of the awkward execu- tioner. Colonel Scammell now informed him that he had an opportunity to speak, if he desired it : he raised the handkerchief from his eyes, and said : c I pray you to bear me witness that I meet my fate like a brave man.' The wagon being now removed from under him, he was suspended and instantly expired : it proved indeed but a momentary pang." {Military Journal during the Revolutionary War, by James Thatcher, M.D., Surgeon in the American Army^ 274.) 62 ANDRE. Major Benjamin Russell writes: u IT happened to be my turn, as a soldier of the Massachusetts line, to be on duty on the occasion, and to be posted in a situation where I could distinctly observe every part of the deportment of the gallant sufferer, and hear every word he uttered. He was dressed in the rich uniform of a British staff officer, with the exception, of course, of sash, gorget, sword, and spurs. * * * * The lofty gibbet was surrounded by an exterior guard of nearly five hundred infantry, with an inner guard of a captain's command. None were admitted within the square but the officers on duty and the assistants of the provost-marshal. The spectators outside the square were very numer- ous. Proceeding to the place of execution under the above guard, Andre was accom- panied by two of the officers of the inner guard, which he had at first, as I learned, thought had been detailed as his executioners. He had previously requested of General Washington the favour of dying the death of a soldier. This mode of death the high APPENDIX. 63 sense of duty of the Commander-in-chief could not grant, and his delicacy forbade him to announce his determination in an answer. The officers of the American army perform- ing duty on horseback, with General Greene at their head, were formed in line, on the road. To those whom Major Andre knew, particularly those who made part of the Board of General Officers who pronounced on his fate, he paid the salute of the hat, and received the adieus of all, with ease and complacency. The Commander-in-chief and staff were not present at the execution ; and this mark of decorum, I was told, was feel- ingly appreciated by the sufferer. When the procession moved on the main road the gal- lows were not visible, but when it wheeled at an angle, the place of execution was seen directly in front. On viewing it the sufferer made a halt, and exhibited emotion. To an inquiry made by the guard, Major Andre gave the answer : ' I am reconciled to my death, but I detest the mode of it.' The Captain rejoined: c It is unavoidable, Sir/ Arrived at the scaffold, Andre, after a short conversation with his servant, (who arrested 64 ANDRE. much attention by the vehemence of his grief and loud lamentation,) ascended with gaiety the baggage-wagon. The general order of execution was then read by, I believe, Colonel Scammell. The reading was very impressive ; and at the conclusion Major Andre uncovered, bowed to the General and other officers, and said, with dignity and firmness, 'All I request of you, gentlemen, is that you will bear wit- ness to the world that I die like a brave man/ He added nothing more aloud, but while the preparations for immediate execu- tion were being made, he said, in an under- tone, c It will be but a momentary pang/ Thus died Major John Andre, Adjutant-Gen- eral to the British army. The sympathy of the American officers was universally expressed, and the Father of our Country, in announcing his death to Congress, pronounced that he met his fate like a brave man." (New England Magazine, vi. 363?) APPENDIX. 65 Major Tallmadge writes, in a letter to a friend : " POOR Andre, who has been under my charge almost ever since he was taken, has yesterday had his trial, and though his sen- tence is not known, a disgraceful death is no doubt allotted to him. By heavens ! Colonel Webb, I never saw a man whose fate I fore- saw whom I so sincerely pitied. He is a young fellow of the greatest accomplishments, and was the prime minister of Sir Harry on all occasions. He has unbosomed his heart to me so fully, and indeed let me know almost every motive of his actions since he came out on his late mission, and he has endeared me to him exceedingly. Unfortunate man ! He will undoubtedly suffer death to-morrow, and though he knows his fate, seems to be as cheerful as though he were going to an assem- bly. I am sure he will go to the gallows less fearful for his fate, and with less concern than I shall behold the tragedy. Had he been tried by a court of ladies, he is so genteel, handsome, polite a young gentleman, that I am confident they would have acquitted him. 66 ANDRE. But enough of Andre, who, though he dies lamented, falls justly/' The same officer, in other communications upon the subject, says : cc From the moment that Andre made the disclosure of his name and true character, in his letter to the Commander-in-chief, which he handed to me as soon as he had written it, down to the moment of his execution, I was almost constantly with him. I walked with him to the place of execution, and parted with him under the gallows, overwhelmed with grief that so gallant an officer and so accomplished a gentleman should come to such an ignomin- ious end. The ease and affability of his manners, polished by the refinement of good society, and a finished education, made him a most delightful companion. It often drew tears from my eyes to find him so agreeable in conversation on different subjects, when I reflected on his future fate, and that, too, as I believed, so near at hand." " When he came within sight of the gibbet, he appeared to be startled, and inquired with APPENDIX 67 some emotion whether he was not to be shot. Being informed that the mode first appointed for his death could not consistently be altered, he exclaimed, 'How hard is my fate!' but immediately added, c It will soon be over!' I then shook hands with him under the gallows and retired." {Spark's Arnold, 255 ; Irving s Washington, iv. 149, 157.) NAMES OF THE SUBSCRIBERS TO THE FOLIO COPIES OF ANDREANA No. i. ii. »s- 18. 19. 20. 11. 22. 23. 24. 2 5- JOHN CAMPBELL, C. B. RICHARDSON, 4 T. H. MORRELL, 2 FRANCIS S. HOFFMAN, RICHARD W. ROCHE, JOHN SABIN, FRANCIS B. HAYES, W. ELLIOTT WOODWARD, HENRY A. SMITH, ■ WILLIAM A. WHITEMAN, WILLIAM W. LONG, HORACE W. SMITH, 10 copies. Philadelphia. New York. Roxbury, Mass. Cleveland, Ohio. Philadelphia. NAMES OF THE SUBSCRIBERS TO THE QUARTO COPIES OF ANDREANA. No. i. JOHN CAMPBELL, 10 copies. Philadelphia. II. C.B.RICHARDSON, 6 " New York. 17. T. H. MORRELL, 5 « <« 22. C. A. MILLER, 2 " " 24. J. W; BOUTON, 3 « « 27. W. ELLIOTT WOODWARD, Roxbury, Mass. 28. FRANCIS S. HOFFMAN, New York. 29. WINTHROP SARGENT, N. Y. Per J. Pennington & Son. 30. S. M. L. BARLOW, " « 31. CHARLES J. BUSHNELL, « « 32. FREEMAN M. JOSSELYN, Boston, SUBSCRIBERS. No. 33. GEORGE CLASBACK, 34. G. H. MATHEWS, 35. S. S. PURPLE, M.D., 36. CHARLES CONGDON, 37. A. W. GRISWOLD, 38. JOHN F.;McCOY, J 39. E. FRENCH, 4 copies. 43. JOHN P. DESFORGES, 44. A. C. KLINE, 45. SIMON GRATZ, 46. JOHN A. McALLASTER, 47. WILLIAM B. MANN, 48. JOHN SABIN, 49. ELIAS DEXTER, 50. NATHAN S. PETERSON, York, Per G . French