"It > a t t W*-*, V - Wisconsin Free Library Commission American Social Questions No. 1 The Negro Problem: a Bibliography r By Vera Sieg I T y Madison, Wisconsin November, 1908 Outline The Negro Problem PAGE GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY . .... 5 1 HISTORICAL RESUME": THE RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD AND RECENT DISTINCTIVE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PROBLEM . . .8 2 How MANY NEGROES ARE THERE NOW IN AMERICA?. . . 10 3 WHAT is THE NEGRO S ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL CONDITION? . 10 4 WHAT ARE THE NEGRO S SOCIAL. MORAL. AND RELIGIOUS CON DITIONS? . . . . . . .13 5 WHAT is THE POLITICAL STATUS OF THE NEGRO? . . .15 6 CRIME AMONG NEGROES AND LYNCHING . it> Proposed Lines of Solution GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . .18 1 ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT . . . .19 2 EDUCATION . . . . . . .20 3 LEGISLATION . . . . . . .31 MORAL AND RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES 2 OF THE VERSITY OF Introduction This bibliography is the first of a series upon American Social Questions prepared by the students of the Wis consin Library School, Class of 1908, and submitted by them in fulfillment of the requirements for graduation. The aim in publishing the bibliographies is to supply care fully chosen reading references to up-to-date books and recent magazines bearing on urgent question which are be fore the people. These questions have all aroused general popular interest and are widely discussed. Among them are Immigration, P^overty, Excessive Wealth, Municipal Gov ernment, the Increase of Crime, and the Labor Problem. Although the mass of material which has accumulated on all of these questions is considerable the lists have been, kept small and the references carefully selected and an notated with the needs of the small library in view. It is hoped that the series will furnish guides to the best literature and be of use to those desiring to look up special points or to read in an orderly way. Popular articles are given for those who would become familiar with the main issues only, as well as scientific material for those who would study more thoroughly. Interesting subjects for high school and literary soci ety debates will be found in considering the effectiveness of various methods of solving the problems. The series 178097 4 AMERICAN SOCIAL QUESTIONS is also adaptable as an outline for study or discussions in civic organizations, betterment leagues, social settlement clubs, and men s clubs. The arrangement of references, by means of which each bibliography becomes a logically developed study, follows outlines supplied by Mr. Richard Henry Edwards of Madison, Wisconsin, and used in his Social Problems Group, an account of which will be found in Charities and the Commons for October 17, 1908. The accompanying references upon the Negro Problem have been approved by specialists. M. E. H. The Negro Problem General Bibliography * References marked thus are suggested for a more scientific or detailed study ef the problem. Books CvfBaker, R. S. Following the color line; an account of Negro citi zenship in the American democracy. Doubleday, 1908. $2. "Popular exposition of the condition of the Negro in various sections of the United States, especially with regard to his political, business, and social status. The facts and statistics have been carefully gathered from many sources and are no doubt accurate. The treatment of the Question is sane and impartial." A. L. A. Booklist. A large part of the book appeared serially in the American magazine and these articles are also listed in this bibliography under their respective subjects. Bliss, W. D. P. ed. New encyclopedia of social reform. Funk, \J 1908. $7.50. See article on The Negro in the United States, p. 818-20. Bruce, P. A. Plantation Negro as a freeman. Putnam, 1889. $1.25. (Questions of the day). Study of the effects of freedom on the Negro. ZW Cable, G. W. Negro question. Scribner, 1890. 75c. V Silent South. Scribner, 1895. $1. Author lived in the South and studied the problem at close range. Essays calling attention to the ethics of the southern treatment of the Negro. Plea for awarding the Negro his full rights as accorded by the constitution. Commons, J. R. The Negro (in his Races and immigrants in America. 1907. p. 39-62. Macmillan, $1.50). "Popular study with scientific basis. Race elements in relation to in dustry, labor, crime, health, and politics." A. L. A. Book list. Bois, W. E. B. Philadelphia Negro. Ginn, 1899. $2.50. (Uni versity of Pennsylvania publications, No. 14). Excellent as an example of the conditions of Negroes in northern cities. Souls of black folk. McClurg, 1903. $1.20. A humanly interesting book, one of tbe most popular of the day on the Negro problem. 6 AMERICAN SOCIAL QUESTIONS / 4/*Finot, Jean. Race prejudice. Button, 1907. $3. An extensive argument to prove that there are no inferior or supe rior races, but only races and peoples living outside or within the influ ence of culture. Dp Fleming, W. H. Slavery and the race problem in the South. Estes, 1906. $1. < Haygood, A. G. Our brother in black. New York, Methodist Book Concern, $1. The creed of a liberal southerner. Ovp *Hoff man, F. L. Race traits, and tendencies of the American Negro. Macmillan, 1896. $1.25. Competent statistician dealing with the facts. One of the best scien tific presentations of all phases. Treats of the amalgamation of the races, and similar social tendencies. Ow Merriam, G. S. The Negro and the nation: a history of Ameri can slavery and enfranchisement. Holt, 1906. $1.75. A good general statement of the problem. Ck? Miller, Kelly. Race adjustment: essays on the Negro in America. Washington, Neale, 1908. $2. Contains the best writings of one of the ablest exponents of the so- called radical school of Negro thought. ft fl Miinsterberg, Hugo. Problems of population (in his Americans. 1904. p. 168-84. McClurg, $2.50). Comprehensive presentation of the problem in its varying phases. V*P Murphy, E. G. The South and the Negro (in his Problems of the present South. 1904. p. 153-201. Macmillan, 25c.) Written in " the temper of a judge and the manner of a scholar." Atlantic. Ot/p Negro problem: a series of articles by representative American Negroes of to-day. Pott, 1903. $1.25. Contents: Industrial education for the Negro, by B. T. Washington. The talented tenth, by W. E. B. Du Bois. Disfranchisement of the Negro, by C. W. Chesnutt. Negro and the Law. by W. II . Smith. Char acteristics of the Negro people, by H. T. Kealing. Representative American Negroes, by P. L. Dunbar. Negro s place in American life at the present day, by T. T. Fortune. -New International Encyclopedia. Dodd, 1902-4. See article on the Negro, v. 12, p. 934-39. - Page. T. N. The Negro: the southerner s problem. Scribner, 1904. $1.25. Popular treatment. Presents phases of the problem plainly, candidly, and temperately. Oup Possibilities of the Negro. Symposium. Atlanta, Franklin Printing and Publishing Co. 1904. $1. Valuable collection of views from a wide variety of individuals. This is perhaps the only symposium by southern white men and Negroes. iV Smith, W. B. The color line. McClure, 1905. $1.50. States the prevalent southern opinion as to Negro inferiority. THE NEGRO PROBLEM , A. H. Studies in the American race problem; with intro duction and three papers by Walter P. Willcox. Doubleday, 1908. $2. A notable work by an authority. Written with rare scientific poise, presenting a large amount of varied material in readable form, and re flecting the most enlightened southern view. J>yThomas, W. H. Americen Negro. Macmillan, 1901. $2. Written by a Negro reared in freedom in the North, who dwells on the dark side of the situation, and writes in a critical vein. The book has been severely criticised as unjust by many students of the problem, among whom is one of our revisers. It is given a place here as repre senting one point of view. V*Tillinghast, J. A. Negro in Africa and America. Macmillan, 1902. $1.50. (American Economic Association publications. 3d series, v. 3, no. 2). Systematic treatise based on a comparison of the Negro as a savage with the Negro as a slave and an American citizen. p * & Washington, B. T. Future of the American Negro. Small,. 1899. $1.50. Views of one of the best known representatives of the colored race. A hopeful forecast of the Negro s future. Y Up from slavery. Doubleday, 1901. $1.50. The story of personal achievement by a colored leader. Williams, F. B. A new Negro for a new century. American Publishing House, 1900. An accurate and up-to-date history of the Negro in America. Periodicals Abbott, E. H. The South and the Negro. Outlook, May 21- July 30, 1904, v. 77. See index for paging. General 9bservations upon the Negro situation in Maryland, District of Columbia, and North Carolina. Bailey, W. T. Negro problem stated. Fortnightly, May 1906 v. 85, p. 909-19. Good general statement. Cable, G. W. The freedman s case in equity. Century, Jan, 1885, v. 7, p. 409-18. An able plea that the black man be freed from suspicion and social oppression. Dillingham, Pitt. Settlement idea in the cotton belt. Outlook April 12, 1902, v. 70, p. 920-22. Dowd, Jerome. Paths of hope for the Negro. Century, Dec 1900, v. 61, p. 278-81. Pratical suggestions from the southern point of view. *Du Bois, W. E. B. Relation of the whites to the Negroes in the South. Annals of the American Academy, July 1901, v. 18, p. 121-40. Vivid description of the relation between the whites and the Negroes in the various lines. 8 AMERICAN SOCIAL QUESTIONS Training of Negroes for social power. Outlook. Oct. 17, 1903, v. 75, p. 409-14. An able statement of the necessity for intelligence, skill, and better homes among Negroes. Hart, A. B. Conditions of the southern problem. Independent, March 23, 1905, v. 58, p. 044-49. An attempt to outline the salient causes of the problem, by one who has investigated the conditions. Higginson, T. W. Intensely human. Atlantic, March 1904, v. 93, p. 588-97. A description of Negro qualities. Hyde, W. DeW. National platform on the race question. Out look, May 21, 1904, v. 77, p. lb 9-70. Succinct statement of desirable principles by a northener. , Page, T. N. Great American question. McClure, March 1907, J v. 28, p. 5C5-72. Consideration of the Negro problem in all its different aspects. Negro: the southerner s problem. McClure, March-May 1904, vol. 22-23. See index for paging. A clean-spirited presentation of the situation, both past and present, enlivened by the personal experiences of a southerner. Schurz, Carl. Can the South solve the Negro problem? Mc Clure, Jan. 1904, v. 22, p. 259-75. "His paper has the intellectual authority which comes from over forty year s practical dealing with a question, oy a man of distinguished mind. It has the moral authority which comes only from a man who has never allowed any consideration of policy to obscure the ethical meaning of the question with which he dealt." Ed. Shaler, N. S. Future of the Negro in the South. Popular Science Monthly, June 1900, v. 57, p. 147-50. Negro since the Civil war. Popular Science Monthly, May 1900, v. 57, p. 29-39. General observations on Negro types. ~ Sledd, Andrew. Negro: another view. Atlantic. July 1902, v. 90, p, 05-73. A southern plea for justice to the Negro. 1 . Historical resume : the Reconstruction period and recent distinctive developments in the problem Book* Bois, W. E. B. Souls of black folk. 1903. See chapters on Of our spiritual strivings, p. 1-12; Of the dawn of freedom, p. 13-40; Of Mr. B. T. Washington and others, p. 41-59. THE XEGRO PROBLEM ^ "Dunning, W. A. Reconstruction, political and economic. Har per. 1907. $2. (Hart s American nation series, v. 22). A strong comprehensive statement. u. *Flcming, W. L. Documentary history of the Reconstruction: political, military, social, religious, educational, and indus trial. 1865. to the" present time. Clark. 1906-1907. 2 v. $10. A work of great value to the careful student. lbe>* The Civil war and the Reconstruction in Alabama. Mac- millan, 1905. $5. (Columbia University Press series). r p*Garncr, J. W. Reconstruction in Mississippi. Macmillan. 1901. $3. up Werriam, G. S. Negro and the nation. 1906. See chapters on the conditions during the Reconstruction, p. 267-390. D. 3 Page, T. N. The Negro: the southerner s problem. 1904. See chapters on Slavery and the old relation between the south ern whites and blacks, p. 3-28: Some of its difficulties and fallacies, p. 29-55: Its present condition and aspect as shown by statistics, p. 56-85. - ^Rhodes, J. F. History of the United States. Macmillan, 1906. $17.50. See chapters on the Reconstruction in v. 2 and 3. Able and comprehensive statements. ^Sinclair, W. A. Aftermath of slavery: a study of the condition and environment of the American Negro. Small, 1905. -$1.50. Periodicals Camp, E. M. Our African contingent. Forum, Aug. 1886, v. 1. p. 562-71. Good statement of what the Negro has accomplished as a freedman. Chamberlain. D. H. Reconstruction and the Negro. North American Review. Feb. 1879, v. 128. p. 161-73. Gives a comprehensive resume of the conditions of the Negro in Re construction times and after. Herbert, H. A. Conditions of the Reconstruction problem. At lantic. Feb. 1901. v. 87. p. 145. Clear statement of the conditions. New slavery in the South. Independent, Feb. 25. 1904, v. 56, p. 409-14. Description of the present day peonage from the life history of a Georgia peon. Page, T. N. Southern people during Reconstruction. Atlantic, Sept. 1901, v. 88. p. 289-304. Describes the treatment of Negroes during Reconstruction. Wilson, Woodrow. Reconstruction. Atlantic, Jan. 1901. v. 87, p. 1-15. A general description of the period. 10 AMERICAN SOCIAL QUESTIONS Q} 2. How many Negroes are there now in America? Books , J. R. Growth of Negro population (in his Races and immigrants in America. 1907. p. 53-58). ->- *United States-Census bureau. Negroes in the United States. (Bulletin No. 8). Very important collection of Negro statistics. Periodicals Bryce, James. Thoughts on the Negro question. North Ameri can Review, Dec. 1891, v. 153, p. 641-60. Rapidity of Negro increase, from the statistics of 1890. Commons, J. R. The Negro. Chautauquan, Nov. 1903, v. 38, p. 230-32. A few important statistics of population. Miller, Kelly. Expansion of Negro population. Forum, Feb. 1902, v. 32, p. 671-79. Statistics, showing the increase in population by decades since 1790 in the United States, southern states, and individual states. Our Negro population. Independent, Jan. 2, 1902. v. 54, p. 57. An editorial showing the growth of Negro population by states in the last half century, taken from the census of 1900. Race census at the South. Nation, June 11, 1901, v. 73, p. 24. Statistics showing the rapidity of Negro increase in the black belt of Alabama. *Willcox, W. F. Census statistics of the Negro and the probable increase of the Negro race in the United States. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Aug. 1905, v. 19, p. 548-72, and Review of Reviews, Sept. 1905, v. 32, p. 347-48. Scientific and readable discussion concerning the present numbers and probable future growth of the Negro race in the United States. The article in the Review of Reviews is a digest. The same material will be found in Stone s Studies in the American race jn vhlem. p. 47i>-530. 3. What is the Negro s economic and industrial condition? Books v Brackett, J. R. Progress of the colored people of Maryland since the war. Baltimore, Hopkins, 1890. $1. A supplement to his Negro in Maryland. THE NEGRO PROBLEM t?op Bruce, P. A. Plantation Negro as a free man. 1899. See chap ters on The Negro as an agricultural laborer, p. 175-92; Mate rial condition of the laborer, p. 193-210; Renters and land owners, p, 211-27; Mechanics, p. 228-40. Commons, J. R. Negro artisan (in his Trade unionism and labor problem*. 1905. p. 349-70. Ginn, $2.50). A symposium by authorities on labor questions, discussing" local con ditions in Texas. Employment of skilled Negroes in the South. Atti tude of organized labor. CM *Du Bois, W. E. B. ed. Economic co-operation among Negro Americans. Atlanta University Press, 1907. $1. (Atlanta University publications, no. 12). gel. Negro artisan. Atlanta University Press, 1902. 50c. (Atlanta University publications, no. 7). ed. Negro in business. Atlanta University Press, 1899. 25c. (Atlanta University publications, no. 4). Statistics valuable for a technical study of the problem. Negro landholder of Georgia. United States Labor bureau. 1901. (Bulletin no. 35). - ://* Occupations of Negroes (in his Philadelphia Negro. 1899. p. 97-146). 1 * and Stone. A. H. Economic future of the Negro (\i\\Ajner- ican Economic Association publications. 1906. p. 219-94). Ingle, Edward. Negro in the District of Columbia. Baltimore, Hopkins, 1893. $1. Reports careful investigations. Kelsey, Carl. The present situation (in his Negro farmer. 1903. p. 29-60. Chicago, Jennings, 50c.). An excellent chapter on the present economic situation of the Negro farmer in the different districts. ! Spahr, C. B. America s working people. Longmans, 1900. $1.25. See chapters on Negro as an industrial factor, p. 72-90; Negro as a citizen, p. 91-119. Based on a personal study of conditions in southern factory towns. TV^Stone, A. H. Negro in the Yazoo- Mississippi delta (in American Economic Association publications. 1902. 3d series, v. 3, p. 246-78). An authoritative statement of the social and economic situation in the black belt of ^Mississippi, by a resident of that section. Same mater ial will be found in Stone s Studies in the American race problem, p, 81- 124. : *Tillinghast, J. A. Negro as a free citizen (in his Negro in Africa and America. 1902. p. 176-93). Information as to his industrial progress. 12 AMERICAN SOCIAL QUESTIONS XX* Washington, B T." Negro in business. Chicago, Hertel, 1907. i The purpose of this book is to set forth examples of Negro success which may serve to encourage others of the race to go forward in busi ness directions. Periodicals ker, R. S. Negro s struggle for survival in the North. Amer ican Magazine, March 1908, v. 65, p. 473-85. Mr. Baker s series of articles in the American Magazine is a graphic statement for popular use. Barry, Richard. Slavery in the South today. Cosmopolitan, March 1907, v. 42, p. 481-91. Good for an understanding of peonage. Bulkley, W. L. Industrial conditions of the Negro in New York city. Annals of the American Academy, May 1906, v. 27, p. 590-96. Presents the conditions in the northern cities. Daniels, John. Industrial conditions among Negro men in Bos ton. Charities, Oct. 7, 1905, v. 15, p. 35-39. Graphic description of the occupations of Negroes in Boston, as typical of the North. *Du Bois, W. E. B. Relation of the whites to the Negroes in the South. Annals of the American Academy, July 1901, v. 18, p. 124-28. Vivid description of the relations of the whites and blacks in the various lines. Savings of black Georgia. Outlook, Sept. 14, 1901, v. 69, . p. 128-30^ Fleming, W. L. Immigration and the Negro problem. World To-day, Jan. 1907, v. 12, p. 96-97. Describes the economic inefficiency of the average Negro laborer and expresses the hope that increased immigration in the South will stimu late him. Irwin, M. F. The Negro: a business proposition. Outlook, Nov. 30, 1901, v. 69, p. 815-20. This writer believes Negro can be employed to good advantage. Kelsey, Carl. Evolution of Negro labor. Annals of the American Academy, Jan. 1903, v. 21, p. 55-76. Enlightening, detailed description of the conditions of the Negro laborer in early slave days and some lines along which there has been development. Miller, Kelly. Negroes part in the Negro problem. Forum, Oct. 1904, v. 36, p. 289-304. A plea for the Negro, discussing his character and what he has accom plished in business. Ovington, M. W. Fresh air work among colored children in New York. Charities, Oct. 13, 1906. v. 17, p. 115-17. Holds that by training children in the way of justice and sympathy the race problem will ultimately be solved. THE NEGRO PROBLEM 13 * Negro in the trades unions in New York. Annals of the American Academy, May 1906. v. 27, p. 551-58. Statistics showing- the number of Negroes who are members of the various unions in New York. Presents their condition as favorable in comparison with the white man s. *Stone, A. H. Plantation experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, June 1905. v. 19, p. 270-87. The failure to keep the Negroes on this plantation, goes to show that they are notional, whimsical, restless, and migratory. This material will also be found in Stone s Studies in the American race problem, p. 125-48. Washington, B. T. American Negro and his economic value. International Monthly. Dec. 1900, v. 2, p. 672-86. ^ States with a few statistics the typical lines of Negro business in dif ferent portions of the South. National Negro business league. World s Work, Oct. 1902. v. 4, p. 2671-75. Some interesting- facts about the commercial and industrial rise of the Negro as shown by the results of this leag-ue. Wright, R. R. Negro in times of industrial unrest. Charities, Oct. 7, 1905. v. 15, p. 69-73. Shows the value of Negro labor in Chicago, principally as strike breakers. 4. What are the Negro s social, moral, and religious conditions ? Books rBrucc, P. A. Plantation Negro as a freeman. 1889. See chap ters on religion, p. 93-110; Superstition, p. 111-25; General I characteristics moral, p. 126-42. Resume" of social conditions in slave days and the relations at present between blacks and whites; a description of their homes, their religious beliefs, and moral attitude. >.-Du Bois, wVE.*tiL- Philadelphia Negro. 1899. See chapters on Negro family, p. 164-96; Organized life of the Negro, p. 197- 234; Pauperism and alcoholism, p. 269-86; Environment of the Negro, p. 287-321; Contact of races, 322-67. & ed. Negro church. Atlanta University Press, 1904. 50c. (Atlanta University Publications, No. 8). * Negro in the black belt. United States Labor bureau, 1899. (Bulletin No. 22). ? )//f $ >/ a^^f**" Interesting- social sketches. Souls of black folk. 1903. See chapters on Of the black belt, p. 110-34; Of the quest of the golden fleece, p. 135-62; Of the faith of the fathers, p. 189-206. Describes their daily lives and their religious beliefs. 14 AMERICAN SOCIAL QUESTIONS d ; Kelsey, Carl. Social environment (in his Neqro farmer. 1903. p. 61-66). Concise statement of the characteristics of the Negro, his mode of liv- ^. an d the factors that go to make.his social life. mt, my. Riis, J. A. Color line in New York (in his How the other half j^* lives. 1903. p. 148-58. Scribner, $1.25). Picture of the social condition of the Negro in New York. A p*Stone, A. H. Mulatto factor (in his Studies in the American rac problem. 1908. p. 425-42). Strong- presentation of an element which is little treated. - Studies in the American race problem. 1908. See chap- ters on Race friction, p. 211-41; Mr. Roosevelt, the South, and the Negro, p. 242-350. Admirable discussion of the present situation. $0 * ~ *United States Labor bureau. Condition of the Negro in vari ous states. (Bulletin, No. 10). Periodicals Baker, R. S. Color line in the North. American Magazine, Feb. 1908, v. 65, p. 345-57. Ostracized race in ferment. American Magazine, May 1908, v. 66, p. 60-70. - Tragedy of the mulatto. American Magazine, April 1908, v. 65, p. 582-98. Commons, J. R. The Negro. Chautauquan, Nov. 1903, v. 38, p. 223-33. Brief statement of the Negroes immorality, the causes and results. *Eliot, C. W. Problems of the Negro. International, June 1904, v. 9, p. 285-91. His social status from the northern and southern points of view. Fernandis, S. C. Social settlements in South Washington, Charities, Oct. 7, 1905, v. 15, p. 64-66. Shows how they live in Washington, and what is being- done to im prove the conditions. Negroes in the cities of the North. Charities, Oct. 7, 1905, v. 15, p. 1-96. A special number of Charities devoted to the subject with many ad mirable articles. Pendleton, H. B. Negro dependence in Baltimore. Charities, Oct. 7, 1905, v. 15, p. 50-58. Describes the Negro s manner of life. Phillips, H. L. Social condition of the Negro. Charities Re view, Feb. 1900. v. 9, p. 575-78. Conditions in Philadelphia. THE NEGRO PROBLEM 15 Platform of the Niagara movement. Outlook, Sept. 1, 1906. v. 84, p. 3-4. Concise statement of the five principles which comprised the platform of the Niagara movement in 1908, the second annual meeting. Race social equality. Gunton, Sept. 1903, v. 25. p. 189-94. Reasons why social equality is impossible, from the southern view point, Tayleur, Eleanor. Social and moral decadence. Outlook, Jan. 30, 1904, v. 70, p. 266-71. Describes the condition of the Xegro woman of to-day. Author con siders her an important factor in the problem. Williams, F. B. Social bonds in the black belt of Chicago. Charities, Oct. 7, 1905, v. 15, p. 40-44. Vivid description of the social life, which consists in connection with the church and various secret orders. 5. What is the political status of the Negro? Book* \ HCable, G. W. Silent South. 1895. See chapters on Freedman s case inequity, p. 1-39: Silent South, p. 4:>-112. Plea for awarding the Negro his full rights as accorded by the consti tution. -Murphy. E. G. South and -the Negro (in his Problems of the present South. 1904. p. 188-201). Brief summary of the political question from the Civil war to the present time, with suggestions for solution. r Page, T. N. Partial disfranchisement of the Negro (in his The Negro: the Southerners problem. 1904. p. 120-62). ^Sinclair, W. A. Aftermath of slavery. Small, 1905. $1.50. Deals extensively with suffrage in Reconstruction times and after. v :-*Stone, A. H. Negro in politics (in his Studies of the American race problem. 1908. p. 351-424). Careful and comprehensive discussion of the subject. L> p*Tillinghast, J. A. Negro as a free citizen (in his Negro in Africa and America. 1902. p. 217-27). ^Washington, B. T. Future of the American Negro. 1899. A clear statement of the political phase of the problem will be found on pages 127-56. *W Up from slavery, 1901. See index under Franchise for references giving Mr. Washington s hopeful views of the sit- u ation. 16 AMERICAN SOCIAL QUESTIONS Periodicals Baker, R. S. Black man s silent power. American Magazine, xy July 1908, v. 66, p. 288-300. Negro in politics. American Magazine, June 1908, v. 66, v , p. 169-80. Bowie, S. J. Southern representation in congress. Independent, June 18, 1906, v. 60, p. 151-54. Case is stated in a favorable form, for the stringent provision in tended to reduce the Negro vote. Grimke, A. H. Why disfranchisement is bad. Atlantic, July 1904, vol. 94, p. 72-81. Hood, J. W. Enfranchisement no blunder. Independent, Aug. 27, 1903, v. 55, p. 2021-24. Resum6 of enfranchisement in Reconstruction times and after, and argument that disfranchisement is the wrong method of solving the problem. Negro suffrage in the South. Outlook, June 13, 1903, v. 74, p. 399-403. Clear statement of the conditions in the various states. Page, T. N. Disfranchisement of the Negro. Scribner, July 1904. v. 36, p. 15-24. General article on existing conditions. 6. Crime among Negroes and lynching 1 V-Bruce, P. A. Negro and criminal law (in his Plantation negro as as a freeman. 1889. p. 77-92). vo Campbell, R. F. Some aspects of the race problem in the South. Asheville, Citizen s Co. 1899. 5c. A discussion of three causes of Negro criminality will be found on p. 15-22. J. E. Lynch law. Longmans, 1905. $1.50. Includes the lynching of all races in the United States. Interesting facts about the causes alleged for lynching, and the public view of that crime. See index under Negroes. IlpDu Bois, W. E. B. Negro crime. Atlanta University Press, 1904. 25c. (Atlanta University publications, No. 9). Q"P Negro criminal (in his Philadelphia Negro. 1899. p. 235- 68). Gives a brief history of crime in the city, comparative statistics, and the nature and causes of crime. THE NEGRO PROBLEM 17 Df#Kellor, F. A. Experimental sociology, descriptive and analyti cal: delinquents. Macmillan, 1901. $2. Social study of Negro delinquents. p^rcMurphy, E. G. South and the Negro (in his Problems of the pres ent South. 1904. p. 173-82). Some of the causes, and the Negro s opinion, of crime. . - Page, T. N. The lynching of Negroes, its cause and its preven tion (in his Negro: the Southerner s problem. 1904. p. 86-119). P^AVashington, B. T. Future of the American Negro. 1899. Brief but pointed discourse on lynching-, some of its causes and reme dies, will be found on p. 185-99. *Willcox, W. F. Negro criminality (in Stone, A. H. Studies in the American race problem, p. 443-75). Careful and readable discussion of the facts and issues involved. <J3 Periodicals Barnett, I. B. W. Lynching and the excuse for it. Independent, May 16, 1901, v. 53, p. 1133-36. Plain statement. Tables showing the crimes for which the Negro has been lynched. Cause and cure of lynching. Outlook, Aug. 15, 1903, v. 74, p. 927-29. A portion of President Roosevelt s letter to Governor Durbin. Kellor, F. A. Criminal Negro. Arena, Jan. -May 1901, v. 25. See index for paging. Excellent study of the influences which go toward making the Negro a criminal, and his treatment as such in the various southern states. Medicine for the mob. Outlook, Feb. 2, 1907, v. 85, p. 249-50. Concise statement of the causes of and possible cures for lynching and riots. Page, T. N. Lynching of Negroes. North American Review, Jan. 1904, v. 178, p. 33-48. Excellent, popular account of the causes, extent, and cure of lynch ing. Sledd, Andrew. Negro: another view. Atlantic, July 1902, v. 90, p. 65-73. Impartial statement of facts to be considered in the problem: the in feriority and fundamental rights of the Negro. Waring, J. H. M. Causes of criminality among colored people. Charities, Oct. 7, 1905, v. 15, p. 45-49 . Comprehensive article containing six important causes of Negro criminality and the evident results. 18 AMERICAN SOCIAL QUESTIONS The Proposed Lines of Solution General Bibliography Books 1 .. Merriam, G. S. Looking forward (in his Negro and the nation. 1906. p. 391-411). Brief, optimistic presentation of the different lines of solution. Periodicals Andrews, E. F. Where the race problem has solved itself. Cen tury, April 1907, v. 73, p. 961-02. An example showing what has been done. Baker, R. S. What to do about the Negro. American Magazine, Sept. 1908, v. 66, p. 463-70. Colquhoun, A. R. Future of the Negro. North American Re view, May 1903, v. 176, p. 657-74. Discusses the various methods of solution already tried. Author be lieves there must be a change of attitude on the part of the whites. Dowd, Jerome. Paths of hope for the Negro. Century, Dec. 1900, v. 61, p. 278-81. Elihu Root on the Negro problem. Harper s Weekly, Feb. 21, 1903, v. 47, p. 306-7. Forceful presentation of the problem and the possible solution by de portation to Mexico. Hart, A. B. Remedies for the southern problem. Independent, May 4, 1905, v. 58, p. 993-96. Clear statement of remedies along the lines of peonage, industrial education, race separation, and the slow uplifting of the Negro. Hyde, W. D. National platform on the race question. Outlook, May 21, 1904, v. 77, p. 169-70. Concise statement of the various lines of solution. tyorthern, W. J. Negro situation one way out. World To-day. y Sept. 1907, v. 13, p. 893-96. A line of solution in Georgia. Page, T. N. Southerner on the Negro question. North American Review, April 1902, v. 154. p. 401-13. Holds that the solution will be natural: the best of the Negroes will be absorbed, some will go back to Africa, and residue will perish under conditions of life unsuited to progress. *Most of the works in the general bibliography on the problem contain suggestious upon the lines of solution in their concluding chapters. THE NEGRO PROBLEM 19 1 . Economic and industrial developments Books c Richings, G. T. Evidences of progress among colored people. 1896. Latter half of book takes up the business and professional develop ment of the Negro using personal illustrations. JVc*Stone, A. H. Economic future of the American Negro (in his Studies in the American race problem. 1908. p. 149-210). Points out the economic door of hope. Periodicals Edwards, H. S. Negro and the South. Century, June 1906, v. 72, p. 212-15. Stride towards the elevation of the race, because of the Negroes own ing their own homes and receiving higher salaries. Light from a southern source on the Negro problem. Harper s Weekly, March 4, 1905, v. 49, p. 303. Concise statement of gratifying industrial conditions of the Negro in the Yazoo Delta district, the heart of the black belt where there is the greatest political and social inequality; goes to prove that the solution will be solved by transforming the Negro into a land-owner. Miller, Kelly. Economic handicap of the Negro in the North. Annals of the American Academy, May 1906, v. 27, p. 543-50. States the effect of unfriendly environment, with which the Negro has to contend in the North, and suggests methods of solution along industrial lines. Shaler. N. S. Future of the Negro in the southern states. Popu lar Science Monthly, June 1900, v. 57, p. 147-56. Discussion of the needs of the Negro and the lines of work open to him. Author believes the time has come for co-operative work between the North and South. Smith, R. L. Village improvement among the Negroes. Out look, March 31, 1900, v. 64, p. 733-36. Interesting account of the work done by the Farmers Improvement Society in Texas, and the hearty co-operation of the white race. Washington, B. T. Agricultural Negro. Arena, Nov. 1902, v. 28, p. 461-63. In the consideration of the problem, the author is convinced that for many years, at least, the Negro should be encouraged to own and culti vate the soil. Land-hunger in the black belt. Lippincott, June 1906, v. 77, p. 757-63. Tells of the struggle the Negroes are making to better their own con ditions. Willey, D. A. Negro and the soil. Arena, May 1900, v. 23. p. 553-60. Several illustrations are given, showing the success of the Negro in agricultural pursuits. 20 AMERICAN SOCIAL OUBSTIONS 2. Education Books u Bois, W. E. B. College-bred Negro. Atlanta University Press, 1901. 25c. t> U A,.., /^ <^L Some convincing results of the higher education for students. ed. Common school. Atlanta University Press, 1901. 25c. (Atlanta University publications, no. G). Excellent material for a detailed study of the educational phases of the problem. ed. Negro artisan. Atlanta University Press, 1902. 50c. (Atlanta University publications, no. 7). Detailed study of the methods and results of the industrial schools. Dt>p Souls of black folk. 1903. See chapters on Of the training of black men, p. 88-109; Of the meaning of progress, p. 60-74; Of the wings of Atalanta, p. 75-87. Acknowledges the good work of schools like Tuskegee, but contends for the higher education and the political rights of the Negro. rom servitude to service. Boston, American Unitarian Asso ciation, 1905. $1.10. Presentation of Negro progress. , G. T. Evidences of progress among colored people. Philadelphia, Ferguson Co. 1896. $1. Deals extensively with the schools which have been built for colored people and managed by whites, and the schools managed by colored people, with short sketches of the educators. "D-j$ Sinclair, W. A. Rise and achievements of the colored race (in his Aftermath of Slavery. 1905. p. 259-90). IX pWashington, jj. T. ed. Tuskegee: its people, their ideals and achievements. Appleton, 1905. $2. Scope of the school work is outlined, and definite information given as to what the graduates are doing with their education, by autobio graphical sketches. top Working with the hands. Doubleday, 1904. $1.50. Author s experiences in industrial training at Tuskegee. presenting the many phases of work done there. Periodicals Baker, R. S. New southern statesmanship. American Maga zine, Aug. 1908, v. 66, p. 381-91. Benson, W. E. Kowaliga: a community with a purpose. Char ities, Oct. 7, 1905, v . 15, p. 22-24. Negro school where a common school education is afforded along with manual and industrial training. THE NEGRO PROBLEM 21 Bon ham, M. L. Answer to the Negro question: education. Education, April 1908, v. 28. p. 507-10. Author believes that when the Negroes are educated, they will realize that social equality is an impossibility, and will emigrate. Scarborough, W. S. Negro and the higher learning. Forum, May 1902. v. 33, p. 349-55. Stratton, J. R. Will education solve the race problem . North American Review, June 1900, v. 170, p. 785-91. Rather pessimistic view. Excellent statement of Negro morals. Washington, B. T. Education will solve the race problem. North American Review, Aug. 1900, v. 171, p. 221-32. Very .hopeful view of the solution by education along industrial lines. -o3 Negro college town. World s Work, Sept. 1907, v. 14, p. 9361-67. Interesting description of the college at Wilberforce, and the com munity which is made up almost entirely of prosperous Negroes. Washington, B. T. Salvation of the Negro. World s Work, July 1901, v. 2, p. 961-71. Value of the work of Hampton Institute as it has been tested by time. Work and education. Outlook, March 7, 1908, v. 88, p. 526-27. Evidences of thrift and progress in social welfare, brought out in the annual Negro conference at Tuskegee. 3. Legislation Books Stone, A. H. The Negro in politics (in his Studies in the Ameri can race problem. 1908. p 351-424). Suggestions as to advisable lines of action. Periodicals Farm for juvenile Negro offenders. Current Literature. Feb. 1905. v. 38, p. 101-2. Holds that this would be one of the first steps towards solution, if it were put into practice throughout the South. Mob or court? Outlook, April 4, 1908, v. 88, p. 768-69. An editorial holding that the civil right of every Negro to trial by juries open to Negroes, has been upheld in Florida. Recons truction and disfranchisement. Atlantic, Oct. 1901, v. 88, p. 433-37. Demands of the South to apply to bpth races equally the qualifica tions for the exercise of franchise and for holding office. 22 AMERICAN SOCIAL QUESTIONS 4. Moral and religious influences Periodicals Abbott, E. H. Religious tendencies of the Negro. Outlook, Dec. 28, 1901, v. 69, p. 1070-76. Brings out the effect of religion on the Negro. States that there are two kinds of churches those which believe the emotional charisteris- ticsof the Negro ought not to be suppressed, but educated and guided; and those which believe the emotional characteristics should be minimized by the magnifying of intellectual and ethical motives. Griffin, M. K. St. Mark s and its social work for Negroes. Charities, Oct. 7, 1905, v. 15, p. 75-76. Brief statement of what is being done in one church in New York city for the betterment of the Negroes. Wright, R. R. jr. Social work and influence of the Negro church. Annals of the American Academy, Nov. 1907, v. 30, p. 509-21. Statement of what is being done by the Negro church in the towns and cities both in the North and South, and the great need of social work through this medium. Or <UF -; 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. . LD21A-60-7, 66 (G4427slO)476B U.C. BERKE EY I IBRARIES