EULOGY 
 
 ON 
 
 AS PRONOUNtJED AT THE ODEON, 
 
 IN FEDERAL STREET, BOSTON, 
 
 BY THE REV. WILLIAM APES, AN INDIAN. 
 
 Who shall stand in after years in this famous temple, and declare 
 that Indian* are not men ! if men, then heirs to the same inheritance. 
 
 BOSTOX: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 
 
 1836. 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year one 
 thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, by WILLIAM APES, 
 in the Clerk s Office of the District Court of Massachusetts. 
 
IB 
 
 ,:.,-/.,./.. . . -., > * 
 
 ADDRESS, &c. 
 
 I DO not arise to spread before you the fame of a 
 noted warrior, whose natural abilities shone like those of 
 the great and mighty PHILLIP of Greece, or of ALEX 
 ANDER the Great, or like those of WASHINGTON, 
 whose virtues and patriotism are engraven on the hearts 
 of my audience. . Neither do I approve of war as being 
 the best method of bowing the haughty tyrant, MAN, 
 and civilizing the world. No, far from me be such a 
 thought. But it is to bring before you beings, made by 
 the GOD of Nature, and in whose hearts and heads he 
 has planted sympathies that shall live forever in the 
 memory of the world, whose brilliant talents shone 
 in the display of natural things, so that the most culti 
 vated, whose powers shone with equal lustre, were not 
 able to prepare mantles to cover the burning elements 
 of an uncivilized world. What, then, shall we cease 
 to mention the mighty of the earth, the noble work of 
 GOD? 
 
 Yet those purer virtues remain untold. Those noble 
 traits that marked the wild man s course lie buried in 
 the shades of night ; and who shall stand ? I appeal 
 to the lovers of liberty. But those few remaining 
 descendants who now remain as the monument of the 
 1* 
 
 M530823 
 
6 
 
 cruelty of those who came to improve our race, and 
 correct our errors; and as the immortal Washington 
 lives endeared and engraven on the hearts of every 
 white in America, never to be forgotten in time, even 
 such is the immortal PHILIP honored, as held in 
 memory by the degraded, but yet grateful descendants, 
 who appreciate his character ; so will every patriot, 
 especially in this enlightened age, respect the rude yet 
 all-accomplished son of the forest, that died a martyr 
 to his cause, though unsuccessful, yet as glorious as the 
 American Revolution. Where, then, shall we place 
 the hero of the wilderness ? 
 
 Justice and humanity for the remaining few prompt 
 me to vindicate the character of him who yet lives in 
 their hearts, and, if possible, melt the prejudice that 
 exists in the hearts of those who are in the possession 
 of his soil, and only by the right of conquest is the aim 
 of him who proudly tells you, the blood of a denomi 
 nated savage runs in his veins. It is, however, true, 
 that there are many who are said to be honorable 
 warriors, who, in the wisdom of their civilized legisla 
 tion, think it no crime to reek their vengeance upon 
 whole nations and communities, until the fields are 
 covered with blood, and the rivers turned into purple 
 fountains, while groans, like distant thunder, are heard 
 from the wounded, and the tens of thousands of the 
 dying, leaving helpless families depending on their 
 cares and sympathies for life; while a loud response is 
 heard floating through the air from the ten thousand 
 Indian children and orphans, who are left to rnourn the 
 honorable acts of a few civilized men. 
 
Now, if we have common sense and ability to allow 
 the difference between the civilized and the uncivil 
 ized, we cannot but see that one mode of warfare is as 
 just as the other; for, while one is sanctioned by 
 authority of the enlightened and cultivated men, the 
 other is an agreement according to the pure laws of 
 nature, growing out of natural consequences; for 
 nature always has her defence for every beast of the 
 6eld ; even the reptiles of the earth and the fishes of 
 the sea have their weapons of war. But though frail 
 man was made for a nobler purpose, to live, to love 
 and adore his God, and do good to. his brother; for this 
 reason, and this alone, the GOD of heaven prepared 
 ways and means to blast anger, man s destroyer, and 
 cause the Prince of Peace to rule, that man might 
 swell those blessed notes, My image is of God, I am 
 not a beast. 
 
 But as aii men are governed by animal passions 
 who are void of the true principles of GOD, whether 
 cultivated or uncultivated, we shall now lay before you 
 the true charac ter of PHILIP, in relation to those hos 
 tilities between himself and the whites, and in so doing 
 permit me to be plain and candid. 
 
 The first inquiry is, Who is PHILIP? He was the 
 descendant of one of the most celebrated chiefs in the 
 known world, for peace and universal benevolence 
 towards all men ; for injuries upon injuries, and the 
 most daring robberies and barbarous deeds of death 
 that were ever committed by the American Pilgrims, 
 were with patience and resignation borne, in a manner 
 that would do justice to any Christian nation or being 
 
s 
 
 in the world, especially when we realize that it was 
 voluntary suffering on the part of the good old chief. 
 His country extensive his men numerous, so as the 
 wilderness was enlivened by them, say a thousand to 
 one of the white men, and they, also, sick and feeble 
 where, then, shall we find one nation submitting so 
 tamely to another, with such a host at their command ? 
 For injuries of much less magnitude have the people 
 called Christians slain their brethren, till they could 
 sing, like Sampson, With a jaw bone of an ass have 
 we slain our thousands, and laid them in heaps. It 
 will be well for us to lay those deeds and depredations 
 committed by whites upon Indians, before the civilized 
 world, and then they can judge for themselves. 
 
 It appears from history that in 1614, There came 
 one Henry Harley unto me, bringing with him a native 
 of the Island of Capawick, a place at the south of 
 Cape Cod, whose name was Epenuel. This man was 
 taken upon the main by force, with some twenty-nine 
 others," very probably good old Massasoit s men see 
 Harlow s Voyage, 1611, "by a ship, and carried to 
 London, and from thence to be sold for slaves among 
 the Spaniards ; but the Indians being too shrewd, 
 or, as they say, unapt for their use, they refused to 
 traffic in Indians blood and bones." This inhuman 
 act of the whites caused the Indians to be jealous 
 forever afterwards, which the white man acknowledges 
 upon the first pages of the history of his country. (See 
 Drake s Hist, of the Indians, page 7.) 
 
 How inhuman it was in those wretches, to come into 
 a country where nature shone in beauty, spreading 
 
9 
 
 her wings over the vast continent, sheltering beneath 
 her shades those natural sons of an Almighty Being, 
 that shone in grandeur and lustre like stars of the first 
 magnitude in the heavenly world ; whose virtues far 
 surpassed their more enlightened foes, notwithstanding 
 their pretended zeal for religion and virtue. How they 
 could go to work to enslave a free people, and call it 
 religion, is beyond the power of my imagination, and 
 oiit-strips the revelation of God s word. Oh, thou 
 pretended hypocritical Christian, whoever thou art, to 
 say it was the design of God, that we should murder and 
 slay one another, because we have the power. Power 
 was not given us to abuse each other, but a mere power 
 delegated to us by the King of heaven, a weapon of de 
 fence against error and evil ; and when abused, it will 
 turn to our destruction. Mark, then, the history of 
 nations throughout the world. 
 
 But notwithstanding the transgression of this power 
 to destroy the Indians at their first discovery, yet it does 
 appear that the Indians had a wish to be friendly. 
 When the pilgrims came among them, (!YANOCGH S 
 men,) there appeared an old woman, breaking out in 
 solemn lamentations, declaring one Capt. Hunt had 
 carried off three of her children, and they would never 
 return here. The pilgrims .replied, that they were bad 
 and wicked men, but they were going to do better, and 
 would never injure them at all. And to pay the poor 
 mother, gave her a few brass trinkets, to atone for her 
 three sons, and appease her present feelings, a woman 
 nearly one hundred years of age. Oh, white woman ! 
 what would you think, if some foreign nation, unknown 
 
10 
 
 to you, should come and carry away from you three 
 lovely children, whom you had dandled on the knee, 
 and at some future time you should behold them, and 
 break forth in sorrow, with your heart broken, and 
 merely ask, sirs, where are my little ones, and some 
 one should reply, it was passion, great passion ; what 
 would you think of them ? Should you not think they 
 were beings made more like rocks than men. Yet 
 these same men came to these Indians for support, and 
 acknowledge themselves, that no people could be used 
 better than they were ; that their treatment would do 
 honor to any nation ; that their provisions were in 
 abundance ; that they gave them venison, and sold 
 them many hogsheads of corn to fill their stores, be 
 sides beans. This was in the year 1622. Had it not 
 been for this humane act of the Indians, every white 
 man would have been swept from the New England 
 colonies. In their sickness too, the Indians were as 
 tender to them as to their own children ; and for all 
 this, they were denounced as savages by those who had 
 received all the acts of kindness they possibly could 
 show them. After these social acts of the Indians to 
 wards those who were suffering, and those of their coun 
 trymen, who well knew the care their brethren had re 
 ceived by them : how were the Indians treated before 
 that ? Oh, hear ! In the following manner, and their 
 own words, we presume, they will not deny. 
 
 December, (O. S.) 1620, the pilgrims landed at 
 Plymouth, tmd without asking liberty from any one, 
 they possessed themselves of a portion of the country, 
 and built themselves houses, and then made a treaty, 
 and commanded them to accede to it. This, if now 
 
11 
 
 done, would be called an insult, and every white man 
 would be called to go out and act the part of a patriot, 
 to defend their country s rights ; and if every intruder 
 were butchered, it would be sung upon every hill-top 
 in the Union, that victory and patriotism was the order 
 of the day. And yet the Indians, (though many were 
 dissatisfied,) without the shedding of blood, or impris 
 oning any one, bore it. And yet for their kindness 
 and resignation towards the whites, they were called 
 savages, and made by God on purpose for them to de 
 stroy. We might say, God understood his work better 
 than this. But to proceed, it appears that a treaty was 
 made by the pilgrims and the Indians, which treaty was 
 kept during forty years ; the young chiefs during this 
 time, was showing the pilgrims how to live in their 
 country, and find support for their wives and little ones ; 
 and for all this, they were receiving the applauses of 
 being savages. The two gentlemen chiefs were Squanto 
 and Samoset, that were so good to the pilgrims. 
 
 The next we present before you are things very 
 appalling. We turn our attention to dates, 1623, 
 January and March, when Mr. W r eston Colony, came 
 very near starving to death ; some of them were oblig 
 ed to hire themselves to the Indians, to become their 
 servants, in order that they might live. Their principal 
 work was to bring wood and water ; but not being con 
 tented with this, many of the whites sought to steal the 
 Indian s corn ; and because the Indians complained of 
 it, and through their complaint, some one of their num 
 ber being punished, as they say, to appease the sava 
 ges. 3\ow let us see who the greatest savages were ; 
 
12 
 
 the person that stole the corn was a stout athletic man, 
 and because of this, they wished to spare him, and take 
 an old man who was lame and sickly, and that used to 
 get his living by weaving, and because they thought he 
 would not be of so much use to them, he was, although 
 innocent of any crime, hung in his stead. Oh, savage, 
 where art thou, to weep over the Christian s crimes. 
 Another act of humanity for Christians, as they call 
 themselves, that one Capt. Standish, gathering some 
 fruit and provisions, goes forward with a black and hypo 
 critical heart, and pretends to prepare a feast for the 
 Indians ; and when they sit down to eat, they seize the 
 Indian s knives hanging about their necks, and stab 
 them to the heart. The white people call this stabbing, 
 feasting the savages. We suppose it might well mean 
 themselves, their conduct being more like savages than 
 Christians. They took one Wittumumet, the Chief s 
 head, and put it upon a pole in their fort ; and for aught 
 we know, gave praise to their God for success in mur 
 dering a poor Indian ; for we know it was their usual 
 course to s;ive praise to God for this kind of victory, 
 believing it was God s will and command, for them to 
 do so. We wonder if these same Christians do not 
 think it the command of God, that they should lie^ 
 steal, and get drunk, commit fornication and adultery. 
 The one is as consistent as the other. What say you, 
 judges, is it not so, and was it not according as they 
 did ? Indians think it is. 
 
 But we will proceed to show another inhuman act. 
 The whites robbed the Indian graves, and their corn, 
 about the year 1632, which caused CHICATAUBUT to 
 
IS 
 
 be displeased, who was chief, and also a son to the 
 woman that was dead. And according to the Indian 
 custom it was a righteous act to be avenged of the 
 dead. Accordingly he called all his men together, and 
 addressed them thus : " When last the glorious light 
 of the sky was underneath this globe, and birds grew 
 silent, I began to settle, as is my custom, to take re 
 pose. Before my eyes were fast closed, methought I 
 saw a vision, at which my spirit was much troubled. 
 A spirit cried aloud, Behold, my son, whom I have 
 cherished, see the paps that gave thee suck, the hands 
 that clasped thee warm, and fed thee oft. Can thou 
 forget to take revenge of those wild people that have 
 my monument defaced in a despiteful manner, disdain 
 ing our ancient antiquities and honorable customs? 
 See, now, the Sachem s grave lies, like unto the com 
 mon people of ignoble race, defaced. Thy mother 
 doth complain, and implores thy aid against these 
 thievish people, now come hither. If this be suffered, 
 I shall not rest quiet within my everlasting habitation." 
 War was the result. And where is there a people in 
 the world that would see their friends robbed of their 
 common property, their nearest and dearest friends ; 
 robbed, after their last respects to them? I appeal to 
 you, who valae your friends, and affectionate mothers, 
 if you would have them robbed of their fine marble, 
 and your storehouses broken open, without calling 
 those to account, who did it? I trow not; and if 
 another nation should come to these regions, and begin 
 to rob and plunder all that came in their way, would 
 not the orators of the day be called to address the 
 
 c\ 
 
14 
 
 people, and arouse them to war, for such insults? and, 
 for all this, would they not be called Christians and 
 patriots ? Yes, it would be rung from Georgia to 
 Maine, from the Ocean to the lakes, what fine men and 
 Christians there were in the land. But when a few 
 red children attempt to defend their rights, they are 
 condemned as savages, by those, if possible, who have 
 indulged in wrongs more cruel than the Indians. 
 
 But there is still more. In 1619 a number of In 
 dians went on board of a ship, by order of their chief, 
 and the whites set upon them, and murdered them 
 without mercy ; says Mr. Dermer, " without the In 
 dians giving them the least provocation whatever." 
 Is this insult to be borne, and not a word to be said? 
 Truly, Christians would never bear it; why, then, 
 think it strange that the denominated savages do not? 
 Oh, thou white Christian, look at acts that honored 
 your countrymen, to the destruction of thousands, for 
 much less insults than that. And who, my dear sirs, 
 were wanting of the name of savages whites, or 
 Indians ? Let justice answer. 
 
 But we have more to present ; and that is, the 
 violation of a treaty that the Pilgrims proposed for the 
 Indians to subscribe to, and they the first to break it. 
 The Pilgrims promised to deliver up every transgressor 
 of the Indian treaty, to them, to be punished according 
 to their laws, and the Indians were to do likewise. 
 Now it appears that an Indian had committed treason, 
 by conspiring against the king s life, which is punishable 
 with death ; and MASSASOIT makes demand for the 
 transgressor, and the Pilgrims refuse to give him up, 
 
15 
 
 although by their oath of alliance they had promised 
 to do so. Their reasons were, he was beneficial to 
 them. This shows how grateful they were to their 
 former safeguard, and ancient protector. Now, who 
 would have blamed this venerable old chief if he had de 
 clared war at once, and swept the whole colonies away ? 
 It was certainly in his power to do it, if he pleased; 
 but no, he forbore, and forgave the whites. But where 
 is there a people, called civilized, that would do it? we 
 presume, none; and we doubt not but the Pilgrims 
 would have exerted all their powers to be avenged, 
 and to appease their ungodly passions. But it will be 
 seen that this good old chief exercised more Christian 
 forbearance than any of the governors of that age, or 
 since. It might well be said he was a pattern for the 
 Christians themselves ; but by the Pilgrims he is de 
 nounced, as being a savage. 
 
 It does not appear that MASSASOIT or his sons were 
 respected because they were human beings, but because 
 they feared him ; and we are led to believe that if it 
 had been in the power of the Pilgrims, they would 
 have butchered them out and out notwithstanding all 
 the piety they professed. Only look for a few mo 
 ments at the abuses the son of MASSASOIT received. 
 ALEXANDER being sent for with armed men, and while 
 he and his men were breaking their fast in the morn 
 ing, they were taken immediately away, by order of 
 the governor, without the least provocation, but merely 
 through suspicion. ALEXANDER and his men saw 
 them, and might have prevented it, but did not, say 
 ing the governor had no occasion to treat him in this 
 
16 
 
 manner ; and the heartless wretch informed him that 
 he would murder him upon the spot, if he did not go 
 with him, presenting a sword at his breast ; and had 
 it not been for one of his men he would have yielded 
 himself up upon the spot. ALEXANDER was a man of 
 strong passion, and of a firm mind ; and this insulting 
 treatment of him caused him to fall sick of a fever, so 
 that he never recovered. Some of the Indians were 
 suspicious that he was poisoned to death. He died in 
 the year 1662. " After him," says that eminent di 
 vine, Dr. Mather, " there rose up one PHILIP, of 
 cursed memory." Perhaps if the Dr. was present, he 
 would find that the memory "of PHILIP was as far 
 before his, in the view of sound, judicious men, as the 
 sun is before the stars, at noonday. But we might 
 suppose that men like Dr. Mather, so well versed in 
 Scripture, would have known his work better than 
 to have spoken evil of any one, or have cursed any of 
 GOD S works. He ought to have known that GOD 
 did not make his red children for him to curse; but if 
 he wanted them cursed, he could have done it himself. 
 But, on the contrary, his suffering Master commanded 
 him to love his enemies, and to pray for his persecu 
 tors, and to do unto others as he would that men should 
 do unto him. JNow, we wonder if the sons of the 
 Pilgrims would like to have us, poor Indians, come out 
 and curse the Doctor, and all their sons, as we have 
 been, by many of them. And suppose that, in some 
 future day, our children should repay all these wrongs, 
 would it not be doing as we, poor Indians, have been 
 
17 
 
 done to? But we sincerely hope there is more hu 
 manity in us, than that. 
 
 In the history of MASSASOIT we find that his own 
 head men were not satisfied with the Pilgrims ; that 
 they looked upon them to be intruders, and had a wish 
 to expel those intruders out of their coast; and no 
 wonder that from the least reports the Pilgrims were 
 ready to take it up. A false report was made respect 
 ing one TISQUANTUM, that he was murdered by an 
 Indian, one of COUBANTANT S men. Upon this news, 
 one Standish, a vile and malicious fellow, took fourteen 
 of his lewd Pilgrims with him, and at midnight, when 
 a deathless silence reigned throughout the wilderness ; 
 not even a bird is heard to send forth her sweet songs 
 to charm and comfort those children of the woods; but 
 all had taken their rest, to commence anew on the 
 rising of the glorious sun. But to their sad surprise 
 there was no rest for them, but they were surrounded 
 by ruffians and assassins; yes, assassins; what better 
 name can be given them ? At that late hour of the 
 night, meeting a house in the wilderness, whose inmates 
 were nothing but a few helpless females and children ; 
 soon a voice is heard Move not, upon the peril of 
 your life. I appeal to this audience if there was any 
 righteousness in their proceedings? Justice would say 
 no. At the same time some of the females were so 
 frightened, that some of them undertook to make their 
 escape, upon which they were fired upon. Now it is 
 doubtless the case that these females never saw a white 
 man before, or ever heard a gun fired. It must have 
 sounded to them like the rumbling of thunder, and 
 2* 
 
IS 
 
 terror must certainly have filled all their hearts. And 
 can it be supposed that these innocent Indians could 
 have looked upon them as good and trusty men? Do 
 you look upon the midnight robber and assassin as 
 being a Christian, and trusty man? These Indians 
 had not done one single wrong act to the whites, but 
 were as innocent of any crime, as any beings in the 
 world. And do you believe that Indians cannot feel 
 and see, as well as white people? If you think so, 
 you are mistaken. Their power of feeling and know 
 ing is as quick as yours. Now this is to be borne, as 
 the pilgrims did as their Master told them to ; but what 
 color he was I leave it. But if tiie real sufferers say 
 one word, they are denounced, as being wild and sav 
 age beasts. 
 
 . But let us look a little further. It appears that in 
 1630,a benevolent Chief bid the pilgrims welcome to his 
 shores ; and in June 28, 1630, ceded his land to them 
 for the small sum of eighty dollars, now Ipswich, Row 
 ley, and a part of Essex. The following year, at the 
 July term, 1631, these pilgrims of the new world, pass 
 ed an act in court, that the friendly chief should not 
 come into their houses short of paying fifty dollars, or 
 an equivalent, that is ten beaver skins. Who could 
 have supposed that the meek and lowly followers of 
 virtue would have taken such methods to rob honest 
 men of the woods. But for this insult, the pilgrims had 
 well nigh lost their lives and their all, had it not been 
 prevented by ROBBIN, an Indian, who apprized them 
 of their danger. And now let it be understood, not 
 withstanding all the bitter feelings the whites have gen- 
 
19 
 
 erally shown towards Indians, yet they have been the 
 only instrument in preserving their lives. 
 
 The history of New England writers say, that our 
 tribes were iarge and respectable. How then, could it 
 be otherwise, but their safety rested in the hands of 
 friendly Indians. In 1647, the pilgrims speak of large 
 and respectable tribes. But let us trace them for a few 
 moments. How have they been destroyed, is it by fair 
 means? No. How then? By hypocritical proceed 
 ings, by being duped and flattered ; flattered by inform 
 ing the Indians that their God was a going to speak to 
 them, and then place them before the cannon s mouth 
 ia a line, and then putting the match to it and kill 
 thousands of them. We might suppose that meek 
 Christians had better gods and weapons than cannon; 
 weapons that were not carnal, but mighty through God, 
 to the pulling down of strong holds. These are the 
 weapons that modern Christians profess to have ; and 
 if the pilgrims did not have them, they ought not to be 
 honored as such. But let us again review their weap 
 ons, to civilize the nations of this soil. What were 
 they: rum and powder, and ball, together with all the 
 diseases, such as the small pox, and every other dis 
 ease immaginable ; and in this way sweep off thou 
 sands and tens of thousands. And then it has been 
 said, that these men who were free from these things, 
 that they could not live among civilized people. We 
 wonder how a virtuous people could live in a sink of 
 diseases, a people who had never been used to them. 
 
 And who is to account for those destructions upon 
 innocent families and helpless children. It was said by 
 
20 
 
 some of the New England writers, that living babes 
 were found at the breast of their dead mothers. What 
 an awful sight ! and to think too, that these diseases 
 were carried among them on purpose to destroy them. 
 Let the children of the pilgrims blush, while the son 
 of the forest drops a tear, and groans over the fale of 
 his murdered and departed fathers. He would say to 
 the sons of the pilgrims, (as Job said about his birth 
 day,) let the day be dark, the 22d of December, 1622; 
 let it be forgotten in your celebration, in your speeches, 
 and by the burying of the Rock that your fathers first 
 put their foot upon. For be it remembered, although 
 the gospel is said to be glad tidings to all people, yet 
 we poor Indians never have found those who brought it 
 as messengers of mercy, but contrawise. We say, 
 therefore, let every man of color wrap himself in mourn 
 ing, for the 22d of December and the 4th of July are 
 days of mourning and not of joy. (I would here say, 
 there is an error in my book ; it speaks of the 25th of 
 December, but it should be the 22d. See Indian Nul- 
 lifiation.) Let them rather fast and pray to the great 
 Spirit, the Indian s God, who deals out mercy to his 
 red children, and not destruction. 
 
 Oh, Christians, can you answer for those beings that 
 have been destroyed by your hostilities, and beings too 
 that lies endeared to God as yourselves ? his Son be 
 ing their Saviour as well as yours, and alike to all men ? 
 And will you presume to say that you are executing the 
 judgments of God by so doing, or as many really are 
 approving the works of their fathers to be genuine, as 
 it is certain that every time they celebrate the day of 
 
21 
 
 the pilgrims they do ? Although in words they deny it, 
 yet in works they approve of the iniquities of their 
 fathers. ^And as the seed of iniquity and prejudice was 
 sown in that day, so it still remains ; and there is a deep 
 rooted popular opinion in the hearts of many, that In 
 dians were made, &c. on purpose for destruction, to be 
 driven out by white Christians, and they to take their 
 places ; and that God had decreed it from all eternity. 
 If such theologians would only study the works of na 
 ture more, they would understand the purposes of good 
 better than they do. That the favor of the Almighty 
 was goocj and holy, and all his nobler works were made 
 to adorn his image, by beinsj his grateful servants, and 
 admiring each other as angels ; and not as they say, to 
 drive and devour each other. And that you may know 
 the spirit of the pilgrims yet remain, we will present 
 before you the words of a humble divine of the far 
 West. He says, "the desert becomes an Eden." 
 Rev. NAHUM GOLD, of Union Grove, Putman, writes 
 under date June 12, 1835, says he, " let any man look 
 at this settlement, and reflect what it was three years 
 ago, and his heart can but kindle up while he exclaims, 
 * what has God wrought ! the savage has left the ground 
 for civilized man ; the rich prairie, from bringing forth 
 all its strengths to be burned, is now receiving numer 
 ous enclosures, and brings a harvest of corn and wheat 
 to feed the church. Yes, sir, this is now God s vine 
 yard ; he has gathered the vine, the choice vine, and 
 brought it from a far country, and has planted it on a 
 goodly soil. He expects fruit now. He gathered out 
 the stones thereof, and drove the red Canaanites from 
 
trampling it down, or in any way hindering its in 
 crease." N. Y. Evangelist, August 1. 
 
 But what next should we hear from this very pious 
 man. Why, my brethren, the poor missionaries want 
 money to go and convert the poor heathen, as if God 
 could not convert them where they were ; but must 
 first drive them out. If God wants the red men con 
 verted, we should think he could do it as well in one 
 place as in another. But must I say, and shall I say it, 
 that missionaries have injured us more than they have 
 done us good, by degrading us as a people, in breaking 
 up our governments, and leaving us without any suf 
 frages whatever, or a legal right among men. Oh, 
 what cursed doctrine is this, it most certainly is not fit 
 to civilize men with, much more to save their souls ; 
 and we poor Indians want no such missionaries around 
 us. But I would suggest one thing, and that is, let the 
 ministers and people use the colored people they have 
 already around them, like human beings, before they 
 go to convert any more ; and let them show it in their 
 churches ; and let them proclaim it upon the house 
 tops, and I would say to the benevolent, withhold your 
 hard earnings from them, unless they do do it ; until 
 they can stop laying their own wickedness to God, 
 which is blasphemy. 
 
 But if God was like his subjects, we should all have 
 been swept off before now ; for we find that of late, 
 pilgrims children have got to killing and mobbing each 
 other, as they have got rid of most all the Indians. 
 This is worse than my countrymen ever did ; for they 
 never mobbed one another, and I was in hopes that the 
 
23 
 
 sons of the pilgrims had improved a little. But the 
 more honorable may thank their fathers for such a spirit 
 in this age. And remember that their walls of preju 
 dice was built with untempered mortar, contrary to 
 God s command ; and be assured, it will fall upon their 
 children, though 1 sincerely hope they will not be seri 
 ously injured by it. Although I myself, now and then 
 feel a little of its pressure, as though I should not be 
 able to sustain the shock ; but I trust the great Spirit 
 will stand by me, as also good and honorable men will, 
 being as it were the last, still lingering upon the shores 
 of time, standing as it were upon the graves of his much 
 injured race, to plead their cause, and speak for the 
 rights of the remaining few. Although it is said by 
 many, that Indians had no rights, neither do they regard 
 their rights ; nor can they look a white man in the face, 
 and ask him for them. If the white man did but know 
 it, the Indians knows it would do no good to spend his 
 breath for nought. But if we can trust to ROGER 
 WILLIAMS word, in regard to Indian rights : he says, 
 no people were more so ; that the cause of all their 
 wars were about their hunting grounds. And it is cer 
 tain their boundaries were set to their respective tribes ; 
 so that each one knew his own range. The poet speaks 
 thus of CANONICUS, in 1803 : 
 
 Almighty Prinee, of venerable age, 
 A fearless warrior, but of peace the friend ; 
 His breast a treasury of maxims sage, 
 His arm a host, to punish or defend. 
 
 It was said he was eighty-four years of age when he 
 died, an able defender of his rights. Thus it does ap- 
 
24 
 
 pear that Indians had rights, and those rights were near 
 and dear to them, as your stores and farms, and fire 
 sides are to the whites, and their wives and children 
 also. And how the pilgrims could rejoice at their dis 
 tresses, I know not ; what divinity men were made of 
 in those days, rather puzzles me now and then. Now, 
 for example, we will lay before you the conduct of an 
 Indian and the whites, and leave you, dear sirs, to judge. 
 History informs us that in Kennebunk there liv 
 ed an Indian, remarkable for his good conduct, and who 
 received a grant of land from the State, and fixed him 
 self in a new township, where a number of white 
 families were settled. Though not ill-treated, yet the 
 common prejudices against Indians prevented any 
 sympathy with him, though he himself did all that lay 
 in his power to comfort his white neighbors, in case of 
 sickness and death. But now let us see the scene 
 reversed. This poor Indian, that had nourished, and 
 waited to aid the Pilgrims in their trouble, now vainly 
 looks for help, when sickness and death comes into 
 his family. Hear his own words. He speaks to the 
 inhabitants thus : "When white man s child die, Indian 
 man he sorry; he help bury him. When my child 
 die, no one speak to me ; I make his grave alone. I 
 can no live here." He gave up his farm, dug up the 
 body of his child, and carried it 200 miles, through the 
 wilderness, to join the Canadian Indians. What dig 
 nity there was in this man ; and we do not wonder 
 that he felt so indignant at the proceedings of the then 
 called Christians. But this was as they were taught 
 by their haughty divines and orators of the day. But, 
 
25 
 
 nevertheless, the people were to blame, for they might 
 have read for themselves ; and they doubtless would 
 have found that we were not made to be vessels of 
 wrath, as they say we were. And had the whites 
 found it out, perhaps they would not have rejoiced at 
 a poor Indian s death ; or when they were swept off, 
 would not have called it the Lord killing the Indians 
 to make room for them upon their lands. This is 
 something like many people wishing for their friends 
 to die, that they might get their property. 1 am aston 
 ished when I look at peoples absurd blindness when 
 all are liable to die, and all subject to all kinds of dis 
 eases. For example; why is it that epidemics have 
 raged so much among the more civilized ? in London, 
 1660, the plague ; and in 1830 and 1831, the cholera, 
 in the old and new world, when the inhabitants were 
 lain in heaps by that epidemic. Should I hear of an 
 Indian rejoicing over the inhabitants, I would no longer 
 own him as a brother. But, dear friends, you know 
 that no Indian knew by the Bible it was wrong to kill, 
 because he knew not the Bible, and its sacred laws. 
 But it is certain the Pilgrims knew better than to break 
 the commands of their Lord and Master; they knew 
 that it was written, " thou shalt not kill." 
 
 But having laid a mass of history and exposition 
 before you, the purpose of which is to show that 
 PHILIP and all the Indians generally, felt indignantly 
 towards whites, whereby they were more easily allied 
 together by PHILIP, their King and Emperor, we come 
 to notice more particularly his history. As to his 
 Majesty, King PHILIP, it was certain that his honor 
 3 
 
was put to the test, and it was certainly to be tried, 
 even at the loss of his life and country. It is a matter 
 of uncertainty about his age ; but his birth-place was at 
 Mount Hope, Rhode Island, where MASSASOIT, his 
 father lived, till 1656, and died, as also his brother, 
 ALEXANDER, by the governor s ill-treating him, (that 
 is, Winthrop,) which caused his death, as before men 
 tioned, in 1662; after which, the kingdom fell into the 
 hands of PHILIP, the greatest man that ever lived 
 upon the American shores. Soon after his coming to 
 the throne, it appears he began to be noticed, though, 
 prior to this, it appears that he was not forward in the 
 councils of war or peace. When he came into office 
 it appears that he knew there was great responsibility 
 resting upon himself and country ; that it was likely to 
 be ruined by those rude intruders around him ; though 
 he appears friendly, and is willing to sell them lands 
 for almost nothing, as we shall learn from dates of the 
 Plymouth Colony, which commence June 23, 1664. 
 William Benton, of Rhode Island, a merchant, buys 
 Matapoisett of PHILIP and wife, but no sum is set, 
 which he gave for it. To this deed, his counsellors, 
 and wife, and two of the Pilgrims, were witnesses. In 
 1665 he sold New Bedford and Compton for forty 
 dollars. In 1667 he sells to Constant South worth and 
 others all the meadow lands from Dartmouth to Mata 
 poisett, for which he received sixty, dollars. The 
 same year he sells to Thomas Wiliet a tract of land 
 two miles in length, and perhaps the same in width, 
 for which he received forty dollars. In 1668 he sold 
 a tract of some square miles, now called Swanzey. 
 
37 
 
 The next year he sells five hundred acres in Svvanzey, 
 for which he received eighty dollars. His counsellors 
 and interpreters, with the Pilgrims, were witnesses to 
 these deeds. 
 
 OSAMEQJJAN, for valuable considerations, in the year 
 1641 sold to John Brown and Edward Winslow a 
 tract of land eight miles square, situated on both sides 
 of Palmer s River. PHILIP, in 1668 was required to 
 sign a quit-claim of the same, which we understand 
 he did in the presence of his counsellors. In the same 
 year PHILIP laid claim to a portion of land called 
 New Meadows, alleging that it was not intended to be 
 conveyed in a former deed, for which Mr. Brown paid 
 him forty-four dollars, in goods ; so it was settled with 
 out difficulty. Also, in 1669, for forty dollars he sold 
 to one John Cook, a whole island, called Nokatay, 
 near Dartmouth. The same year PHILIP sells a tract 
 of land in Middleborough for fifty-two dollars. In 
 1671 he sold to Hugh Cole a large tract of land, lying 
 near Swanzey, for sixteen dollars. In 1672 he sold 
 sixteen square miles to William Breton and others, of 
 Taunton, for which he and his chief received five 
 hundred and seventy-two dollars. This contract, 
 signed by himself and chiefs, ends the sales of lands 
 with PHILIP, for all which he received nine hundred 
 and seventy-four dollars, as far as we can learn by the 
 records. 
 
 Here PHILIP meets with a most bitter insult, in 
 1673, from one Peter Talmon, of Rhode Island, who 
 complained to the Plymouth Court against PHILIP, of 
 Mount Hope, predecessor, heir, and administrator of 
 
28 
 
 his brother ALEXANDER, deceased, in an action on the 
 case, to the damage of three thousand and two hundred 
 dollars, for which the Court gave verdict in favor of 
 Talmon, the young Pilgrim ; for which PHILIP had 
 to make good to the said Talmon a large tract of land 
 at Sapamet and other places adjacent : and for the 
 want thereof, that is, more land that was not taken up, 
 the complainant is greatly damnified. This is the 
 language in the Pilgrims Court. Now let us review 
 this a little. The man who bought this land made the 
 contract, as he says, with Alexander, ten or twelve 
 years before ; then why did he not bring forward his 
 contract before the Court ? It is easy to understand 
 why he did not. Their object was to cheat, or get 
 the whole back again in this way. Only look at the 
 sum demanded, and it is enough to satisfy the critical 
 observer. This course of proceedings caused the 
 Chief and his people to entertain strong jealousies of 
 the whites. 
 
 In the year 1668 Philip made a complaint against 
 one Weston, who had wronged one of his men of a gun 
 and some swine; and we have no account that he got 
 any justice for his injured brethren. And, indeed, it 
 would be a strange thing for poor unfortunate Indians 
 to find justice in those Courts of the pretended pious, 
 in those days, or even since ; and for a proof of my 
 assertion I will refer the reader or hearer to the records 
 of Legislatures and Courts throughout New England; 
 and also to my book, Indian Nullification. 
 
 We would remark still further; who stood up in 
 those days, and since, to plead Indian rights ? Was it 
 
29 
 
 the friend of the Indian ? No ; it was his enemies who 
 rose ; his enemies, to judge and pass sentence. And 
 we know that such kind of characters as the Pilgrims 
 were, in regard to the Indians rights, who, as they say, 
 had none, must certainly always give verdict against 
 them, as, generally speaking, they always have. Prior 
 to this insult it appears that Philip had met with great 
 difficulty with the Pilgrims ; that they appeared to be 
 suspicious of him in 1671; and the Pilgrims sent for 
 him, hut he did not appear to move as though he cared 
 much for their messenger, which caused them to be 
 still more suspicious. What grounds the Pilgrims had 
 is not ascertained, unless it is attributed to a guilty 
 conscience for wrongs done to Indians. It appears 
 that Philip, when he got ready, goes near to them, and 
 sends messengers to Taunton, to invite the Pilgrims to 
 come and treat with him ; but the governor being either 
 too proud, or afraid, sends messengers to him to come 
 to their residence at Taunton, to which he complied. 
 Among these messengers was the Honorable Roger 
 Williams, a Christian and a patriot, and a friend to the 
 Indians, for which we rejoice. Philip, not liking to 
 trust the Pilgrims, left some of the whiles in his stead, 
 to warrant his safe return. When Philip and his men 
 had come near the place, some of the Plymouth peo 
 ple were ready to attack him ; this rashness was, how 
 ever, prevented by the Commissioner of Massachu 
 setts, who met there with the Governor, to treat with 
 Philip; and it was agreed upon to meet in the meeting 
 house. Philip s complaint was, that the Pilgrims had 
 injured the planting grounds of his people. The Pil- 
 3* 
 
30 
 
 grims acting as umpires say the charges against them 
 were not sustained ; and because it was not, to their 
 satisfaction, the whites wanted that Philip should order 
 all his men to bring in his arms and ammunition ; and 
 the Court was to dispose of them as they pleased. 
 The next thing was, that Philip must pay the cost of 
 the treaty, which was four hundred dollars. The 
 Pious Dr. Mather says, that Philip was appointed to 
 pay a sum of money to defray the charges that his 
 insolent clamors had put the Colony to. We wonder 
 if the Pilgrims were as ready to pay the Indians for the 
 trouble they put them to. If they were, it was with 
 the instruments of death. It appears that Philip did 
 not wish to make war with them, but compromised 
 with them; and in order to appease the Pilgrims he 
 actually did order his men, whom he could not trust, 
 to deliver them up ; but his own men withheld, with 
 the exception of a very few. 
 
 Now what an unrighteous act this was in the people, 
 who professed to be friendly and humane, and peacea 
 ble to all men. It could not be that they were so de 
 void of sense as to think these illiberal acts would pro 
 duce peace ; but contrawise, continual broils. And in 
 fact it does appear that they courted war instead of 
 peace, as it appears from a second council that was 
 held by order of the Governor, at Plymouth, Septem 
 ber 13, 1671. It appears that they sent again for 
 PHILIP ; but he did not attend, but went himself and 
 made complaint to the governor, which made him write 
 to the council, and ordered them to desist, to be more 
 mild, and not to take such rash measures. But it ap- 
 
31 
 
 pears that on the 24th, the scene changed ; that they 
 held another council, and the disturbers of the peace, 
 the intruders upon a peaceable people, say they find 
 PHILIP guilty of the following charges : 
 
 1. That he had neglected to bring in his arms, al 
 though competent time had been given him. 
 
 2. That he had carried insolently and proudly to 
 wards us on several occasions, in refusing to come down 
 to our courts, (when sent for,) to procure a right un 
 derstanding betwixt us. 
 
 What an insult this was to his Majesty, and inde 
 pendent Chief of a powerful nation, should come at 
 the beck and call of his neighbors whenever they 
 pleased to have him do it. Besides, did not PHILIP 
 do as he agreed, at Taunton, that is in case there 
 was more difficulty they were to leave it to Massachu 
 setts, to be settled there in the high council, and both 
 parties were to abide by their decision ; but did the 
 Pilgrims wait ? No. But being infallible, of course 
 they could not en*. 
 
 The third charge was, harboring divers Indians not 
 his own men ; but vagabond Indians. 
 
 Now what a charge this was to bring against a King, 
 calling his company vagabonds, because it did not hap 
 pen to please them ; and what right had they to find 
 fault with his company. I do not believe that PHILIP 
 ever troubled himself about the white people s com 
 pany, and prefer charges against them for keeping 
 company with whom they pleased. Neither do I 
 believe he called their company vagabonds, for he was 
 more noble than that. 
 
33 
 
 The fourth charge is, that he went to Massachusetts 
 with his council, and complained against them, and 
 turned their brethren against them. 
 
 This was more a complaint against themselves than 
 Philip, inasmuch it represents that Philip s story was 
 so correct, that they were blameable. 
 
 5. That he had not been quite so civil as they wish 
 ed him to be. 
 
 We presume that Philip felt himself much troubled 
 by these intruders, and of course put them off from 
 time to time, or did not take much notice of their pro 
 posals. Now such charges as those, we think are to 
 no credit of the pilgrims. However, this council end 
 ed much as the other did, in regard to disarming the 
 Indians, which they never were able to do. Thus 
 ended the events of 1671. 
 
 But it appears that the pilgrims could not be con 
 tented with what they had done, but they must send 
 an Indian, and a traitor, to preach to Philip and his 
 men, in order to convert him and his people to Chris 
 tianity. The preacher s name was Sassamon. I would 
 appeal to this audience, is it not certain that the Ply 
 mouth people strove to pick a quarrel with Philip and 
 his men. What could have been more insulting than 
 to send a man to them who was false, and looked upon 
 as such ; for it is most certain that a traitor was above 
 all others, the more to be detested than any other. 
 And not only so, it was the laws of the Indians, that 
 such a man must die ; that he had forfeited his life ; 
 and when he made his appearance among them, Philip 
 would have killed him upon the spot, if his council had 
 
33 
 
 not persuaded him not to. But it appears that in 
 March, 1674, one of Philip s men killed him, and 
 placed him beneath the ice in a certain pond near Ply 
 mouth ; doubtless by the order of Philip. After this, 
 search was made for him, and he found there a certain 
 Indian, by the name of Patuckson ; Tobias, also, his 
 son were apprehended and tried. Tobias was one of 
 Philip s counsellors, as it appears from the records that 
 the trial did not end here, that it was put over, and that 
 two of the Indians entered into bonds for $400, for the 
 appearance of Tobias at the June term 5 for which a 
 mortgage of land was taken to that amount, for his safe 
 return. June having arrived, three instead of one are 
 arraigned. There was no one but Tobias suspected at 
 the previous Court. Now two others are arraigned, 
 tried, condemned and executed, (making three in all,) 
 in June the 8th, 1675, by hanging and shooting. It 
 does not appear that any more than one was guilty, and 
 it was said that he was known to acknowledge it ; but 
 the other two persisted in their innocency to the last. 
 
 This murder of the preacher brought on the war a 
 year sooner than it was anticipated by Philip. But 
 this so exasperated King Philip, that from that day he 
 studied to be revenged of the pilgrims; judging that 
 his white intruders had nothing to do in punishing his 
 people for any crime, and that it was in violation of 
 treaties of ancient date. But when we look at this, 
 how bold and how daring it was to Philip, as though 
 they would bid defiance to him, and all his authority, 
 we do not wonder at his exasperation. When the 
 Governor finds that his Majesty was displeasedj he then 
 
34 
 
 sends messengers to him, and wishes to know why he 
 would make war upon him, (as if he had clone all right,) 
 and wished to enter into a new treaty with him. The 
 King answered them thus : Your Governor is but a 
 subject of King Charles of England, I shall not treat 
 with a subject ; I shall treat of peace only with a King, 
 my brother ; when he cornes, I am ready. 
 
 This answer of Philip s to the messengers, is worthy 
 of note throughout the world. And never could a 
 prince answer with more dignity in regard to his offi 
 cial authority than he did ; disdaining the idea of plac 
 ing himself upon a par of the minor subjects of a King ; 
 letting them know at the same time, that he felt his in 
 dependence more than they thought he did. And in 
 deed it was time for him to wake up, for now the sub 
 jects of King Charles had taken one of his counsellors 
 and killed him, and he could no longer trust them. 
 Until the execution of these three Indians, supposed to 
 be the murderers of Sassamon, no hostility was com 
 mitted by Philip or his warriors. About the time of 
 their trial, he was- said to be marching his men up and 
 down the country in arms ; but when it was known, he 
 could no longer restrain his young men, who, upon the 
 24th of June, provoked the people of Swansey, by 
 killing their cattle and other injuries, which was a sig 
 nal to commence the war, and what they had desired, 
 as a superstitious notion prevailed among the Indians, 
 that whoever fired the first gun of either party, would 
 be conquered. Doubtless a notion they had received 
 from the pilgrims. It was upon a fast day too, when 
 the first gun was fired ; and as the people were return- 
 
35 
 
 ing from church, they were fired upon by the Indians, 
 when several of them were killed. It is not supposed 
 that Philip directed this attack, but was opposed to it. 
 Though it is not doubted that he meant to be revenged 
 upon his enemies ; for during some time he had been 
 cementing his countrymen together, as it appears that 
 he had sent to all the disaffected tribes, who also had 
 watched the movements of the comers from the new 
 world, and were as dissatisfied as Philip himself was 
 with their proceedings. 
 
 Now around the council fires they meet, 
 
 The young nobles for to greet ; 
 Their tales of wo and sorrows to relate, 
 
 About the pilgrims, their wretched foes. 
 
 And while their fires were blazing high, 
 
 Their King and Emperor to greet ; 
 His voice like lightning fires their hearts, 
 
 To stand the test or die. 
 
 See those pilgrims from the world unknown, 
 
 No love for Indians do know : 
 Although our fathers fed them well 
 
 With venison rich, of precious kinds. 
 
 No gratitude to Indians now is shown, 
 
 From people saved by them alone ; 
 All gratitude that poor Indians do know, 
 
 Is, we are robbed of all our rights. 
 
 At this council it appears that Philip made the fol 
 lowing speech to his chiefs, counsellors and warriors : 
 
 BROTHERS, You see this vast country before us, 
 which the great Spirit gave to our fathers and us ; you 
 see the buffalo a d deer that now are our support. 
 Brothers, you see these little ones, our wives and chil- 
 
36 
 
 dren, who are looking to us for food and raiment ; and 
 you now see the foe before you, that they have grown 
 insolent and bold ; that all our ancient customs are dis 
 regarded ; the treaties made by our fathers and us are 
 broken, and all of us insulted ; our council fires disre 
 garded, and all the ancient customs of our fathers ; our 
 brothers murdered before our eyes, and their spirits 
 cry to us for revenge. Brothers, these people from 
 the unknown world will cut down our groves, spoil our 
 hunting and planting grounds, and drive us and our 
 children from the graves of our fathers, and our coun 
 cil fires, and enslave our women and children. 
 
 This famous speech of Philip was calculated to 
 arouse them to arms, to do the best they could in pro 
 tecting and defending their rights. The blow had now 
 been struck, the die was cast, and nothing but blood 
 and carnage was before them. And we find Philip as 
 active as the wind, as dextrous as a giant, firm as the 
 pillows of heaven, and as fierce as a lion, a powerful foe 
 to contend with indeed : and as swift as an eagle, gath 
 ering together his forces, to prepare them for the bat 
 tle. And as it would swell our address too full, to 
 mention all the tribes in Philip s train of warriors, suf 
 fice it to say that from six to seven were with him at 
 different times. When he begins the war, he goes for 
 ward and musters about 500 of his men, and arms 
 them complete, and about 900 of the other, -making in 
 all about fourteen hundred warriors when he com 
 menced. It must be recollected that this war was le 
 gally declared by Philip, so that the colonies had a fair 
 warning. It was no savage war of surprise as some 
 
37 
 
 suppose, but one sorely provoked by the pilgrims them 
 selves. But when Philip and his men fought, as they 
 were accustomed to do, and according to their mode of 
 war, it was no more than what could be expected. 
 But we hear no particular acts of cruelty committed by 
 Philip during the siege. But we find more manly no 
 bility in him, than we do in all the head pilgrims put 
 together, as we shall see during this quarrel between 
 them. Philip s young men were eager to do exploits, 
 and to lead captive their haughty lords. It does ap 
 pear that every Indian heart had been lighted up at the 
 council fires, at Philip s speech, and that the forest was 
 literally alive with this injured race. And now town 
 after town fell before them. The pilgrims with their 
 forces were ever marching in one direction, while Philip 
 and his forces were marching in another, burning all be 
 fore them, until Middleborough, Taunton and Dartmouth 
 were laid in ruins, and forsaken by its inhabitants. 
 
 At the great fight at Pocasset, Philip commanded in 
 person, where he also was discovered with his host in a 
 dismal swamp. He had retired here with his army to 
 secure a safe retreat from the pilgrims, who were in 
 close pursuit of him, and their numbers were so pow 
 erful they thought the fate of Philip was sealed. They 
 surrounded the swamp, in hopes to destroy him and his 
 army. At the edge of the swamp Philip had secreted 
 a few of his men to draw them into ambush, upon 
 which the pilgrims showed fight ; Philip s men retreat 
 ing and the whites pursuing them till they were sur 
 rounded by Philip, and nearly all cut off. This was a 
 sorry time to them ; the pilgrims, however, reinforced, 
 4 
 
38 
 
 but ordered a retreat, supposing it impossible for Philip 
 to escape, and knowing his forces to be great, it was 
 conjectured by some to build a fort to starve him out, as 
 he had lost but few men in the fight. The situation of 
 Philip was rather peculiar, as there was but one outlet 
 to the swamp, and a river before him nearly seven 
 miles to descend. The pilgrims placed a guard around 
 the swamp for 13 days, which gave Philip and his men 
 time (o prepare canoes to make good his retreat ; in 
 which he did, to the Connecticut river, and in his re 
 treat lost but fourteen men. We may look upon this 
 move of Philip s to be equal, if not superior to that of 
 Washington crossing the Delaware. For while Wash 
 ington was assisted by all the knowledge that art and 
 science could give, together with all the instruments of 
 defence, and edged tools to prepare rafts, and the like 
 helps for safety across the river, Philip was naked as 
 to any of these things, possessing only what nature, his 
 mother had bestowed upon > him ; and yet makes his 
 escape with equal praise. But he would not even lost 
 a man, had it not been for Indians who were hired to 
 fight against Indians, with promise of their enjoying 
 equal rights with their white brethren ; but not one of 
 those promises have as yet been fulfilled by the pilgrims 
 or their children, though they must acknowledge, that 
 without the aid of Indians and their guides, they must 
 inevitably been swept off. It was only then by decep 
 tion that the pilgrims gained the country, as their word 
 has never been fulfilled in regard to Indian rights. 
 
 Philip having now taken possession of the back set 
 tlements of Massachusets, one town after another was 
 
39 
 
 swept off. A garrison being established at North field 
 by the pilgrims, and while endeavoring to reinforce it 
 with thirty-six armed, twenty out of their number was 
 killed, and one taken prisoner. At the same time 
 Philip so managed it as to cut off their retreat, and 
 take their ammunition from them. 
 ,About the month of August, they took a young lad 
 about fourteen years of age, whom they intended to 
 make merry with the next day ; but the pilgrims said 
 God touched the Indians heart, and they let him go. 
 About the same time, the whites took an old man of 
 Philip s, whom they found alone ; and because he 
 would not turn traitor, and inform them where Philip 
 was, they pronounced him worthy of death ; and by 
 them was executed, cutting off first his arms and then 
 his head. We wonder why God did not touch the pil 
 grims heart, and save them from cruelty, as well as the 
 Indians. J 
 
 We would now notice an act in King Philip, that out 
 weighs all the other princes and emperors in the world. 
 That is, when his men began to be in want of money, 
 having a coat neatly wrought with mampampeag, (i. e. 
 Indian money,) he cut it to pieces, and distributed it 
 among all his chiefs and warriors ; it being better than 
 the old continental money of the revolution, in Wash 
 ington s day, as not one Indian soldier found fault with 
 it, as we could ever learn ; so that it cheered their 
 hearts still to persevere to maintain their rights and ex 
 pel their enemies. 
 
 On the 18th of September, the pilgrims made a tour 
 from Hadley to Deerfield, with about eighty men, to 
 
40 
 
 bring their valuable articles of clothing and provisions. 
 Having loaded their teams and returning, Philip and 
 his men attacked them, and nearly slew them all. The 
 attack was made near Sugar-loaf Hill. It was said 
 that in this fight, the pilgrims lost their best men of 
 Essex, and all their goods ; upon which there were 
 many made widows and orphans in one day. Philip 
 now having done what he could upon the Western fron 
 tiers of Massachusetts, and believing his presence was 
 wanted among his allies, the Narragansets, to keep them 
 from being duped by the pilgrims, he is next known 
 to be in their country. 
 
 The pilgrims determined to break down Philip s 
 power, if possible, with the Narragansets : thus they 
 raised an army of 1500 strong, to go against them and 
 destroy them if possible. In this, Massachusetts, Ply 
 mouth and Connecticut all join in severally, to crush 
 Philip. Accordingly in December, in 1675, the pil 
 grims set forward to destroy them. Preceding their 
 march, Philip had made all arrangements for the win 
 ter, and had fortified himself beyond what was common 
 for his countrymen to do, upon a small island near 
 South Kingston, R. I. Here he intended to pass the 
 w mter with his warriors, and their wives and children. 
 About 500 Indian houses was erected of a superior 
 kind, in which was deposited all their stores, tubs of 
 corn, and other things, piled up to a great height, which 
 rendered it bullet proof. It was supposed that about 
 3000 persons had taken up their residence in it. (I 
 would remark, that Indians took better care of them 
 selves in those days than they have been able to since,) 
 
41 
 
 Accordingly on the 19th day of December, after the 
 pilgrims had been out in the extreme cold, for nearly one 
 month, lodging in tents, and their provision being short, 
 and the air full of snow, they had no other alternative 
 than to attack Philip in the fort. Treachery however, 
 hastened his ruin ; one of his men by hope of reward 
 from the deceptive pilgrims, betrayed his country into 
 their hands. The traitor s name was Peter. No white 
 man was acquainted with the way, and it would have 
 been almost impossible for them to have found it, 
 much less to have captured it. There was but one 
 point where it could have been entered or assailed with 
 any success, and this was fortified much like a block 
 house, directly in front of the entrance, and also flankers 
 to cover a cross fire. Besides high palisides, an im 
 mense hedge of fallen trees of nearly a rod in thickness. 
 Thus surrounded by trees and water, there was but one 
 place that the pilgrims could pass. Nevertheless, they 
 made the attempt. Philip now had directed his men 
 to fire, and every platoon of the Indians swept every 
 white man from the path one after another, until six 
 captains, with a great many of the men had fallen. In 
 the mean time, one Captain Moseley, with some of his 
 men had some how or other gotten into the fort in 
 another way, and surprised them ; by which the pil 
 grims were enabled to capture the fort, at the same 
 time setting fire to it, and hewing down men, women 
 and children indiscriminately. Philip, however, was 
 enabled to escape with many of his warriors. It is said 
 at this battle eighty whites were killed, and one hun 
 dred and fifty wounded ; many of whom died of their 
 4* 
 
42 
 
 wounds afterwards, not being able to dress them till 
 they had marched 18 miles ; also leaving many of their 
 dead in the fort. It is said that 700 of the Narra^an- 
 
 O 
 
 sets perished. The greater part of them being women 
 and children. 
 
 It appears that God did not prosper them much after 
 all. It is believed that the sufferings of the pilgrims 
 were without a parallel in history ; and it is supposed 
 that the horrors and burning elements of Moscow, will 
 bear but a faint resemblance of that scene. The thou 
 sands and tens of thousands assembled there with their 
 well disciplined forces, bear but little comparison to 
 that of modern Europe, when the inhabitants, science, 
 manners and customs are taken into consideration. We 
 might web 1 admit the above fact, and say, the like was 
 never known among any heathen nation in the world ; 
 for none but those worse than heathens, would have suf 
 fered so much, for the sake of being revenged upon 
 those of their enemies. Philip had repaired to his 
 quarters to take care of his people and not to have 
 them exposed. We should not have wondered quite 
 so much if Philip had gone forward and acted thus. 
 But when a people, calling themselves Christians, con 
 duct in this manner, we think they are censurable, and 
 no pity at all ought to be had for them. 
 
 It appears that one of the whites had married one of 
 Philip s countrymen ; and they, the pilgrims, said he 
 was a traitor, and therefore they said he must die. So 
 they quartered him ; and as history informs us, they 
 said, he being a heathen, but a few tears were shed at 
 his funeral. Here, then, because a man would not 
 
43 
 
 turn and fight against his own wife and family, or leave 
 them, he was condemned as an heathen. We presume 
 that no honest men will commend those ancient fathers, 
 for such absurd conduct. Soon after this, Philip and 
 his men left that part of the country, and retired farther 
 back, near the Mohawks ; where, in July 1676, some 
 of his men were slain by the Mohawks. Notwith 
 standing this, he strove to get them to join him ; and 
 here it is said that Philip did not do that which was 
 right ; that he killed some of the Mohawks and laid it 
 to the whites, in order that he might get them to join 
 him. If so, we cannot consistently believe he did right. 
 But he was so exasperated that nothing but revenge 
 would satisfy him. All this act was no worse than our 
 political men do in our days, of their strife to wrong 
 each other, who profess to be enlightened ; and all for 
 the sake of carrying their points. Heathen-like, either 
 by the sword, calumny or deception of every kind ; 
 and the late duels among the called high men of honor, 
 is sufficient to warrant my statements. But while we 
 pursue our history in regard to Philip, we find that he 
 made many successful attempts against the pilgrims, in 
 surprising and driving them from their posts, during the 
 year 1676, in February, and through till August, in 
 which time many of the Christian Indians joined him. 
 It is thought by many, that all would have joined him, 
 if they had bsen left to their choice, as it appears they 
 did not like their white brethren very well. It appears 
 that Philip treated his prisoners with a great deal more 
 Christian-like spirit than the pilgrims did ; even Mrs. 
 Rolandson, although speaking with bitterness some- 
 
44 
 
 times of the Indians, yet in her journal she speaks not 
 a word against him. Philip even hires her to work for 
 him, and pays her for her work, and then invites her to 
 dine with him and to smoke with him. And we have 
 many testimonies that he was kind to his prisoners ; and 
 when the English wanted to redeem Philip s prisoners, 
 they had the privilege. 
 
 Now did Governor Winthrop, or any of those an 
 cient divines use any of his men so ? No. Was it 
 known that they received any of their female captives 
 into their houses and fed them ? No ; it cannot be 
 found upon history. Were not the females completely 
 safe, and none of them were violated, as they acknowl 
 edge themselves ? But was it so when the Indian wo 
 men fell into the hands of the pilgrims ? No. Did the 
 Indians get a chance to redeem their prisoners ? No. 
 But when they were taken, they were either compelled 
 to turn traitors and join their enemies, or be butchered 
 upon the spot. And this is the dishonest method that 
 the famous Capt. Church used in doing his great ex 
 ploits ; and in no other way could he ever gained one 
 battle. So after all, Church only owes his exploits to 
 the honesty of the Indians, who told the truth, and to 
 his own deceptive heart in duping them. Here it is to 
 be understood, that the whites have always imposed 
 upon the credulity of the Indians. It is with shame, I 
 acknowledge, that I have to notice so much corruption 
 of a people calling themselves Christians. If they were 
 like my people, professing no purity at all, then their 
 crimes would not appear to have such magnitude. But 
 while they appear to be by profession more virtuous, 
 
45 
 
 their crimes still blacken. It makes them truly to ap 
 pear to be like mountains filled with smoke ; and thick 
 darkness covering them all around. 
 
 But we have another dark and corrupt deed for the 
 sons of the pilgrims to look at, and that is the fi^ht and 
 capture of Philip s son and wife, and many of his war 
 riors, in which Philip lost about 130 men killed and 
 wounded; this was in August 1676. But the most 
 horrid act was in taking Philip s son, about ten years 
 of age, and selling him to be a slave away from his 
 father and mother. While I am writing, 1 can hardly 
 restrain my feelings, to think a people calling them 
 selves Christians, should conduct so scandalous, so out 
 rageous, making themselves appear so despicable in the 
 eyes of the Indians ; and even now in this audience, I 
 doubt not but there is men honorable enough to despise 
 the conduct of those pretended Christians. And surely 
 none but such as believe they did right, will ever go 
 and undertake to celebrate that day of their landing, 
 the 22d of December. Only look at it, then stop and 
 pause. My fathers came here for liberty themselves, 
 and then they must go and chain thtt mind, that im 
 age they professed to serve ; not content to rob and 
 cheat the poor ignorant Indians, but must take one of 
 the King s sons, and make a slave of him. Gentlemen 
 and ladies, I blush at these tales, if you do not, espec 
 ially when they professed to be a free and humane peo 
 ple. Yes, they did ; they took a part of my tribe, and 
 sold them to the Spaniards in Bermuda, and many 
 others ; and then on the Sabbath day, these people 
 would gather themselves together, and say that God is 
 
46 
 
 no respecter of persons ; while the divines would pour 
 forth, " he that says he loves God and hates his brother, 
 is a liar, and the truth is not in him." And at the same 
 time they hating and selling their fellow men in bondage. 
 And there is no manner of doubt but that all my coun 
 trymen would have been enslaved if they had tamely 
 submitted. But no sooner would they butcher every 
 white man that come in their way, and even put an end 
 to their own wives and children, and that was all that 
 prevented them from being slaves ; yes, all. It was 
 not the good will of those holy pilgrims that prevented, 
 no. But I would speak, and I could wish it might 
 be like the voice of thunder, that it might be heard 
 afar off, even to the ends of the earth. He that will 
 advocate slavery, is worse than a beast, is a being de 
 void of shame ; and has gathered around him the most 
 corrupt and debasing principles in the world ; and I care 
 not whether he be a minister or member of any church 
 in the world ; no, not excepting the head men of the 
 nation. And he that will not set his face against its 
 corrupt principles, is a coward, and not worthy of be 
 ing numbered among men and Christians. And con 
 duct too that libels the laws of the country, and the 
 word of God, that men profess to believe in. 
 
 After Philip had his wife and son taken, sorrow fill 
 ed his heart ; but notwithstanding, as determined as 
 ever to be revenged, though was pursued by the duped 
 Indians and Church, into a swamp ; one of the men 
 proposing to Philip that he had better make peace with 
 the enemy, upon which he slew him upon the spot. 
 And the pilgrims being also repulsed by Philip, were 
 
47 
 
 forced to retreat with the loss of one man in particular, 
 whose name was Thomas Lucas, of Plymouth. We 
 rather suspect that he was some related to Lucas and 
 Hedge, who made their famous speeches against the 
 poor Marshpees, in 1834, in the Legislature, in Boston, 
 against freeing them from slavery, that their fathers, 
 the pilgrims, had made of them for years. 
 
 Philip s forces had now become very small, so many 
 having been duped away by the whites, and killed, 
 that it was now easy surrounding him. Therefore, 
 upon the 12th of August, Captain Church surrounded 
 the swamp where Philip and his men had encamped, 
 early in the morning, before they had risen, doubtless 
 led on by an Indian who was either compelled or hired 
 to turn traitor. Church had now placed his guard so 
 that it was impossible for Philip to escape without being 
 shot. It is doubtful, however, whether they would 
 have taken him if he had not been surprised. Suffice 
 it to say, however, this was the case. A sorrowful 
 morning to the poor Indians, to lose such a valuable 
 man. When coming out of the swamp, he was fired 
 upon by an Indian, and killed dead upon the spot. 
 
 I rejoice that it was even so, that the Pilgrims did 
 not have the pleasure of tormenting him. The white 
 man s gun missing fire lost the honor of killing the truly 
 great man, Philip. The place where Philip fell was 
 very muddy. Upon this news, the Pilgrims gave three 
 cheers ; then Church ordering his body to be pulled 
 out of the mud, while one of those tender-hearted 
 Christians exclaims, what a dirty creature he looks like. 
 And we have also Church s speech upon that subject, 
 
43 
 
 as follows : For as much as be has caused many a pil 
 grim to He above ground unburied, to rot, not one of 
 bis bones shall be buried. With him fell five of his 
 best and most trusty men ; one the son of a chief, who 
 fired the first gun in the war. 
 
 Captain Church now orders him to be cut up. Ac 
 cordingly, he was quartered and hung up upon four 
 trees ; his head arid one hand given to the Indian who 
 shot him, to carry about to show. At which sight it so 
 overjoyed the pilgrims, that they would give him money 
 for it ; and in this way obtained a considerable sum. 
 After which, his head was sent to Plymouth, and ex 
 posed upon a gibbet for twenty years ; and his hand to 
 Boston, where it was exhibited in savage triumph ; and 
 his mangled body denied a resting place in the tomb, 
 as thus adds the poet, 
 
 " Cold with the beast he slew, he sleeps, 
 O er him no filial spirit weeps." 
 
 I think that as a matter of honor, that 1 can rejoice 
 that no such evil conduct is recorded of the Indians ; 
 that they never hung up any of the white warriors, who 
 were head men. And we add the famous speech of 
 Dr. Increase Mather ; he says, during the bloody con 
 test, the pious fathers wrestled hard and long with their 
 God, in prayer, that he would prosper their arms, and 
 deliver their enemies into their hands. And when upon 
 stated days of prayer, the Indians got the advantage, it 
 was considered as a rebuke of divine providence, (we 
 suppose the Indian prayed best then,) which stimulat 
 ed them to more ardor. And on the contrary, when 
 they prevailed, they considered it as an immediate in- 
 
49 
 
 terposition in their favor. The Doctor closes thus : 
 Nor could they, the pilgrims, cease crying to the Lord 
 against Philip, until they had prayed the bullet through 
 his heart. And in speaking of the slaughter of Philip s 
 people at Narraganset, he says, We have heard of two 
 and twenty Indian captains slain, all of them, and brought 
 down to hell in one day. Again, in speaking of a Chief 
 who had sneered at the pilgrims religion, and who had 
 withal, added a most hideous blasphemy, Immediately 
 upon which a bullet took him in the head, and dashed 
 out his brains, sending his cursed soul in a moment 
 among the devils and blasphemers in hell forever. It 
 is true that this language is sickening, and is as true as 
 the sun is in the heavens, that such language was made 
 use of, and it was a common thing for all the pilgrims 
 to curse the Indians, according to the order of their 
 priests. It is also wonderful how they prayed, that 
 they should pray the bullet through the Indian s heart, 
 and their souls down into hell. If I had any faith in 
 such prayers, I should begin to think that soon we should 
 all be gone. However, if this is the way they pray, 
 that is bullets through people s hearts, I hope they will 
 not pray for me ; 1 should rather be excused. But to 
 say the least, there is no excuse for their ignorance how 
 to treat their enemies, and pray for them. If the Dr. 
 and his people had only turned to the 23d of Luke, 
 and 34th verse, and heard the words of their Master, 
 whom they pretended to follow, they would see that 
 their course did utterly condemn them ; or the 7th of 
 Acts, and 60th verse, and heard the language of the 
 pious Stephen, we think it vastly different from the pil- 
 5 
 
50 
 
 grims ; he prayed, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. 
 No curses were heard from these pious martyrs. 
 
 I do not hesitate to say, that through the prayers, 
 preaching, and examples of those pretended pious, has 
 been the foundation of all the slavery and degradation hi 
 the American Colonies, towards colored people. Ex 
 perience has taught me that this has been a most sorry 
 and wretched doctrine to us poor ignorant Indians. I 
 will mention two or three things to amuse you a little ; 
 that is, as I was passing through Connecticut, about 15 
 years ago, where they are so pious that they kill the 
 cats for killing rats, and whip the beer barrels for work 
 ing upon the Sabbath, that in a severe cold night, when 
 the face of the earth was one glare of ice, dark and 
 stormy, I called at a man s house to know if I could 
 not stay with him, it being about nine miles to the house 
 where I then lived, and knowing him to be a rich man, 
 and with all very pious, knowing if he had a mind he 
 could do it comfortably, and with all we were both mem 
 bers of one church. My reception, however, was al 
 most as cold as the weather, only he did not turn rne 
 out of doors ; if he had I know not but I should have 
 frozen to death. My situation was a little better than 
 being out, for he allowed a little wood, but no bed, be 
 cause I was an Indian. Another Christian asked me to 
 dine with him, and put my dinner behind the door ; I 
 thought this a queer compliment indeed. 
 
 About two years ago, I called at an inn in Lexington ; 
 and a gentleman present, not spying me to be an Indian, 
 began to say they ought to be exterminated. I took it 
 up in our defence, though not boisterous, but coolly ; 
 
51 
 
 and when we came to retire, finding that I was an In 
 dian, he was unwilling to sleep opposite my room, for 
 fear of being murdered before morning. We presume 
 his conscience plead guilty. These things I mention 
 to show that the doctrines of the pilgrims has grown up 
 with the people. 
 
 But not to forget Philip and his lady, and his proph 
 ecy : it is, (that is 1671,) when Philip went to Bos 
 ton, his clothing was worth nearly one hundred dollars. 
 It is said by some of the writers in those days, that their 
 money being so curiously wrought, that neither Jew 
 nor devil could counterfeit it. A high encomium upon 
 Indian arts; and with it they used to adorn their Saga 
 mores, in a curious manner. It was said that Philip s 
 wife was neatly attired in the Indian style ; some of 
 the white females used to call her a proud woman, be 
 cause she would not bow down to them, and was so 
 particular in adorning herself. Perhaps while these la 
 dies were so careful to review the Queen, they had for 
 got that she was truly one of the greatest women there 
 was among them, although not quite so white. Bat 
 while we censure others for their faults, in spending so 
 much time to view their fair and handsome features, 
 whether colored or white, we would remind all the fair 
 sex it is what they all love, that is jewels and feathers. 
 It was what the Indian women used to love, and still 
 love. And customs, we presume, that the whites 
 brought from their original savage fathers, 1000 years 
 ago. Every white that knows their own history, knows 
 there was not a whit difference between them and the 
 Indians of their days. 
 
52 
 
 But who was Philip, that made all this display in the 
 world ; that put an enlightened nation to flight, and won 
 so many battles ? It was a son of nature ; with nature s 
 talent alone. And who did he have to contend with ? 
 With all the combined arts of cultivated talents of the 
 old and new world. It was like putting one talent 
 against a thousand. And yet Philip with that, accom 
 plished more than all of them. Yea, he out-did the 
 well-disciplined forces of Greece, under the command 
 of Philip, the Grecian Emperor ; for he never was 
 enabled to lay such plans of allying the tribes of the 
 earth together, as Philip of Mount Hope did. And 
 even Napoleon patterned after him, in collecting his 
 forces and surprising the enemy. Washington, too, 
 pursued many of his plans in attacking the enemy, and 
 thereby enabled him to defeat his antagonists and con 
 quer them. What, then, shall we say ; shall we not 
 do right to say that Philip, with his one talent, out-strips 
 them all with their ten thousand ? No warrior of aay 
 age, was ever known to pursue such plans as Philip 
 did. And it is well known that Church and nobody 
 else Gould have conquered, if his people had not used 
 treachery, which was owing to their ignorance ; and 
 after all, it is a fact, that it was not the pilgrims that 
 conquered him, it was Indians. And as to his benevo 
 lence, it was very great ; no one in history can accuse 
 Philip of being cruel to his conquered foes ; that he 
 used them with more hospitality than they, the pilgrims 
 did, cannot be denied ; and that he had knowledge and 
 forethought, cannot be denied. As Mr. Gooking, in 
 speaking of Philip says, that he was a man of good un- 
 
53 
 
 derstanding and knowledge in the best things. Mr. 
 Gooking it appears was a benevolent man, and a friend 
 to Indians. 
 
 How deep then was the thought of Philip, when he 
 could look from Maine to Georgia, and from the ocean 
 to the lakes, and view with one look all his brethren 
 withering before the more enlightened to come ; and 
 how true his prophesy, that the white people would not 
 only cut down their groves, but would enslave them. 
 Had the inspiration of Isaiah been there, he could not 
 have been more correct. Our groves and hunting 
 grounds are gone, our dead are dug up, our council- 
 fires are put out, and a foundation was laid in the first 
 Legislature, to enslave our people, by taking from them 
 all rights which has been strictly adhered to ever since. 
 Look at the disgraceful laws, disfranchising us as citi 
 zens. Look at the treaties made by Congress, all bro 
 ken. Look at the deep-rooted plans laid, when a ter 
 ritory becomes a State, that after so many years, the 
 laws shall be extended over the Indians that live within 
 their boundaries. Yea, every charter that has been 
 given, was given with the view of driving the Indians 
 out of the States, or dooming them to become chained 
 under desperate laws, that would make them drag out 
 a miserable life as one chained to the galley ; and this 
 is the course that has been pursued for nearly two hun 
 dred years. A fire, a canker, created by the pilgrims 
 from across the Atlantic, to burn and destroy my poor 
 unfortunate brethren, and it cannot be denied. What 
 then shall we do, shall we cease crying, and say it is 
 all wrong, or shall we bury the hatchet and those unjust 
 5* 
 
54 
 
 laws, and Plymouth Rock together, and become friends. 
 And will the sons of the pilgrims aid in putting out the 
 fire and destroying the canker that will ruin all that their 
 fathers left behind them to destroy ? (by this we see 
 how true Philip spake.) If so, we hope we shall not 
 hear it said from ministers and church members, that we 
 are so good no other people can live with us, as you 
 know it is a common thing for them to say, Indians 
 cannot live among Christian people ; no, even the Pres 
 ident of the United States tells the Indians they cannot 
 live among civilized people, and we want your lands, 
 and must have them, and will have them. As if he 
 had said to them, we want your lands for our use to 
 speculate upon, it aids us in paying off our national 
 debt and supporting us in Congress, to drive you off. 
 
 You see, my red children, that our fathers carried on 
 this scheme of getting your lands for our use, and we 
 have now become rich and powerful ; and we have a 
 right to do with you just as we please ; we claim to be 
 your fathers. And we think we shall do you a great 
 favor, my dear sons and daughters, to drive you out, to 
 get you away out of the reach of our civilized people, 
 who are cheating you, for we have no law to reach 
 them, we cannot protect you although you be our chil 
 dren. So it is no use, you need not cry, you must go, 
 even if the lions devour you, for we promised the land 
 you have to somebody else long ago, perhaps twenty 
 or thirty years ; and we did it without your consent, 
 it is true. But this has been the way our fathers first 
 brought us up, and it is hard to depart from it ; there- 
 ibre you shall have no protection from us. Now while 
 
55 
 
 we sum up this subject. Does it not appear that ihe - 
 cause of all wars from beginning to end, was and is -for 
 the want of good usage ? That the whites have always 
 been the aggressors, and the wars, cruelties and blood 
 shed is a job of their own seeking, and not the Indians ? 
 Did you ever know of Indians hurting those who was 
 kind to them ? No. We have a thousand witnesses 
 to the contrary. Yea, every male and female declare 
 it to be the fact. We often hear of the wars breaking 
 out upon the frontiers, and it is because the same spirit 
 reigns there that reigned here in New England ; and 
 wherever there are any Indians, that spirit still reigns ; 
 and at present, there is no law to stop it. What, then, 
 is to be done ; let every friend of the Indians now 
 seize the mantle of Liberty and throw it over those 
 burning elements that has spread wkh such fearful ra 
 pidity, and at once extinguish them forever. It is true, 
 that now and then a feeble voice has been raised in our 
 favor. Yes, we might speak of distinguished men, but 
 they fall so far short in the minority, that it is heard but 
 at a small distance. We want trumpets that sound like 
 thunder, and men to act as though they were going at 
 war with those corrupt and degrading principles that 
 robs one of all rights, merely because he is ignorant, 
 and of a little different color. Let us have principles 
 that will give every one his due ; and then shall wars 
 cease, and the weary find rest. Give the Indian his 
 rights, and you may be assured war will cease. 
 
 But, by this time you have been enabled to see that 
 Philip s prophesy has come to pass ; therefore, as a 
 .man of natural abilities, 1 shall pronounce him the 
 
56 
 
 greatest man that was ever in America ; and so it will 
 stand, until he is proved to the contrary, to the ever 
 lasting disgrace of the pilgrims fathers. 
 
 We will now give you his language in the Lord s 
 Prayer. 
 
 Noo-chun kes-uk-qut-tiam-at-am unch koo-we-su- 
 onk, kuk-ket-as-soo-tam-oonk pey-au-moo-utch, keet- 
 te-nan-tam-oo-onk ne nai ; ne-ya-ne ke-suk-qutkah oh- 
 ke-it ; aos-sa-ma-i-in-ne-an ko-ko-ke-suk-o-da-e nut-as- 
 e-suk-ok-ke fu-tuk-qun-neg ; kah ah-quo-an-tam-a-i-in- 
 ne-an rium-match-e-se-ong-an-on-ash, ne-match-ene- 
 na-mun wonk neet-ah-quo-antarn-au-o-un-non-og nish- 
 noh pasuk noo-na-mortuk-quoh-who-nan, kah chaque 
 sag-kom-pa-ginne-an en qutch-e-het-tu-ong-a-nit, qut 
 poh-qud-wus-sin-ne-an watch match-i-tut. 
 
 Having now given historical facts, and an exposition 
 in relation to ancient times, by which we have been 
 enabled to discover the foundation which destroyed our 
 common fathers, in their struggle together ; it was in 
 deed nothing more than the spirit of avarice and usur 
 pation of power, that has brought people in all ages to 
 hate and devour each other. And I cannot for one 
 moment look back upon what is past, and call it religion. 
 No, it has not the least appearance like it. Do not 
 then wonder, my dear friends, at my bold and unpol 
 ished statements ; though I do not believe that truth 
 wants any polishing whatever. And I can assure you, 
 that T have no design to tell an untruth, but facts alone. 
 Oft have I been surprised at the conduct of those who 
 pretend to be Christians, to see how they were affected 
 towards those who were of a different cast, professing 
 
57 
 
 one faith. Yes, the spirit of degradation has always 
 been exercised towards us poor and untaught people. 
 If we cannot read, we can see and feel ; and we find 
 no excuse in the Bible for Christians conducting to 
 wards us as they do. 
 
 It is said that in the Christian s guide, that God is 
 merciful, and they that are his followers are like him. 
 How much mercy do you think has been shown towards 
 Indians, their wives and their children ? Not much, we 
 think. No. And ye fathers, I will appeal to you that 
 are white. Have you any regard for your wives and 
 children, for those delicate sons and daughters ? Would 
 you like to see them slain and laid in heaps, and their 
 bodies devoured by the vultures and wild beasts of 
 prey ? and their bones bleaching in the sun and air, till 
 they moulder away, or were covered by the falling 
 leaves of the forest, and not resist ? No. Your hearts 
 would break with grief, and with all the religion and 
 knowledge you have, it would not impede your force 
 to take vengeance upon your foe, that had so cruelly 
 conducted thus, although God has forbid you in so do 
 ing. For he has said, vengeance is mine, and I will 
 repay. What, then, my dear affectionate friends, can 
 you think of those who have been so often betrayed, 
 routed and stripped of all they possess, of all their 
 kindred in the flesh ? Can, or do you think we 
 have no feeling ? The speech of Logan, the white 
 man s friend, is no doubt fresh in your memory, that 
 he intended to live and die the friend of the white 
 man ; that he always fed them and gave them the 
 best his cabin afforded ; and he appealed to them if 
 
53 
 
 they had not been well used ; to which they never 
 denied. After which, they murdered all of his family 
 in cool blood ; which roused his passions to be reveng 
 ed upon the whites. This circumstance is but one in 
 a thousand. 
 
 Upon the banks of Ohio, a party of two hundred 
 white warriors, in 1757, or about that time, came across 
 a settlement of Christian Indians, and falsely accused 
 them of being warriors ; to which they denied, but all 
 to no purpose ; they were determined to massacre them 
 all. They, the Indians, then asked liberty to prepare 
 for the fatal hour. The white savages then gave them 
 one hour, as the historian said. They then prayed to 
 gether; and in tears and cries, upon their knees, begged 
 pardon of each other, of all they had done. After 
 which, they informed the white savages that they 
 were now ready. One white man then begun with a 
 mallet, and knocked them down, and continued his 
 work until he had killed fifteen, with his own hand ; 
 then saying it ached, he gave his commission to another. 
 And thus they continued till they had massacred nearly 
 ninety men, women and children, all these innocent of 
 any crime. What sad tales are these for us to look 
 upon the massacre of our dear fathers, mothers, brothers 
 and sisters ; and if we speak, we are then called sava 
 ges for complaining. Our affections for each other, are 
 the same as yours , we think as much of ourselves as 
 you do of yourselves. When our children are sick, we 
 do all we can for them ; they lie buried deep in our 
 affections ; if they die, we remember it long, and mourn 
 in after years. Children also cleave to their parents ; 
 
59 
 
 they look to them for aid, they do the best they know 
 how to do for each other ; and when strangers come 
 among us, we use them as well as we know how ; we 
 feel honest in whatever we do, we have no desire to 
 offend any one. But when we are so deceived, it spoils 
 all our confidence in our visitors. And although I can 
 say that I have some dear, good friends among white 
 people, yet i eye them with a jealous eye, for fear they 
 will betray me. Having been deceived so much by 
 them, how can I help it ; being brought up to look 
 upon white people as being enemies and not friends, 
 and by the whites treated as such, who can wonder ? 
 Yes, in vain have I looked for the Christian to take me 
 by the hand and bid me welcome to his cabin, as my 
 fathers did them, before we were born ; and if they did, 
 it was only to satisfy curiosity, and not to look upon me 
 as a man and a Christian. And so all of my people 
 have been treated, whether Christians or not. I say 
 then, a different course must be pursued, and different 
 kws must be enacted, and all men must operate under 
 one general law. And while you ask yourselves, what 
 do they, the Indians, want ? you have only to look at J 
 the unjust laws made for them, and say they want what 
 I want, in order to make men of them, good and whole 
 some citizens. And this plan ought to be pursued by 
 all missionaries, or not pursued at all. That is not only 
 to make Christians of us, but men ; which plan as yet 
 has never been pursued. And when it is, I will then 
 throw my might upon the side of missions, and do what 
 I can to favor it. But this work must begin here first, 
 in New England. 
 
60 
 
 Having now closed, I would say that many thanks is 
 due from me to you, though an unworthy speaker, for 
 your kind attention ; and I wish you to understand that 
 wo are thankful for every favor ; and you and I have 
 to rejoice that we have not to answer for our fathers 
 crimes, neither shall we do right to charge them one to 
 another. We can only regret it, and flee from it, and 
 from hejiceforth, let peace and righteousness be writ, m 
 apon our hearts and hands forever, "is the wish of a 
 poor Indian. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 IB the Frontispiece, the man at the head of PHILIP, should be an 
 Indian.... Page 12, ninth line from bottom, read did, instead of do.... 
 Page 23, first line of the Poetry, read A mighty, instead of Almighty. 
 
M530823 
 
 67 
 
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